THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 This l " TMTE on the last date stamped below 
 
 I 
 
 SOUTHERN BRANCH, 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, 
 
 " LIBRARY, 
 
 LOS ANX^LLS, CALIF.
 
 BRITISH BASIDIOMYCETAE
 
 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 
 C. F. CLAY, MANAGER 
 LONDON : FETTEK LANE, E.G. 4 
 
 
 LONDON : H. K. LEWIS AND CO., LTD., 
 
 136, Gower Street, W.0. 1 
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 TORONTO : THE MACMILLAN CO. OF 
 
 CANADA, LTD. 
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 British Basidiomycetae 
 
 A HANDBOOK TO THE LARGER 
 BRITISH FUNGI 
 
 BY 
 
 CARLETON REA, B.C.L., M.A. 
 
 Hon. Member of the British Mycological Society and the 
 
 Cryptogamic Society of Scotland, Membre titulaire 
 
 de la Socie'te' Mycologique de France, etc. 
 
 PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF 
 THE BRITISH MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY 
 
 CAMBRIDGE 
 
 AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 
 1922 
 
 49791
 
 Published August 1, 1922
 
 At 
 
 AFTER thirty years of study of our British Basidiomycetae I 
 
 have ventured to write this text-book at the request of many 
 
 I mycological friends. The well-known classification of Fries is 
 
 now insufficient for modern requirements and must be altered to 
 embody the results obtained from a more detailed anatomical 
 and microscopical examination of these plants. The present work 
 is based chiefly on the excellent system set forth by N. Patouillard 
 
 v in his Essai taxonomique sur les families et les genres des Hymeno- 
 
 - 7 mycetes, published in 1900. Since this date several alterations 
 and additions to this scheme have been made, due to the in- 
 vestigations of the eminent mycologists J. Bresadola, E. A. Burt, 
 
 . 5 H. Bourdot and A. Galzin, F. von Hoehnel and V. Litschauer, and 
 
 - Rene Maire. My very best thanks are due to Mr J. Ramsbottom 
 ^ for his invaluable technical advice and assistance in the prepara- 
 tion of the manuscript and for kindly correcting the proof-sheets 
 of this work, and to Miss E. M. Wakefield for valuable information 
 
 \ respecting the Thelephoraceae. I am also very greatly indebted 
 . I to Messrs A. D. Cotton, C. H. Grinling, A. A. Pearson and J. 
 
 ^ Ramsbottom for obtaining the large subsidy for the publication 
 of this work, to the generous contributors to the same, and to 
 The Royal Society for a grant-in-aid of 10. 
 
 CARLETON REA. 
 Wth June, 1922.
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 PREFACE v 
 
 INTRODUCTION ix 
 
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . . xii 
 
 KEY TO THE DIVISIONS AND GENERA OF 
 
 BRITISH BASIDIOMYCETAE ... 1 
 
 TEXT 21 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 746 
 
 INDEX . 755
 
 IX 
 
 INTRODUCTION 
 
 FUNGI are non-chlorophyllous cryptogams reproduced by spores. 
 In the larger fungi these spores are borne either to the exterior 
 of a cell called the basidium or are contained within a sac-like 
 cell called the ascus. Fungi with basidia constitute the 
 BASIDIOMYCETAE, whilst those with asci are known as the 
 ASCOMYCETAE. The present work deals only with the former 
 group. 
 
 The Basidiomycetae were, until quite recently, divided into 
 two main groups, HYMENOMYCETAE and GASTEROMYCETAE : in 
 the former the spores are freely exposed to the air at maturity, 
 whilst in the latter they remain inclosed within the body of the 
 fungus. The spores on germination either give rise to threads or 
 hyphae (collectively known as the mycelium or spawn) or they 
 produce secondary spores termed sporidiola which on germina- 
 tion develop the mycelium. This mycelium constitutes the 
 vegetative portion of the fungus and consists of septate hyphae, 
 in some cases with lateral outgrowths known as clamp connections 
 which arise near the septa and connect two adjacent cells. The 
 mycelium is either filamentous or forms cord-like strands. At 
 their extremities the hyphae give rise to other hyphae which 
 terminate in basidia, sterile paraphyses which act as spacing 
 elements and in some cases other sterile cells termed cystidia. 
 These elements together constitute the hymenium and generally 
 form a homogeneous layer but in some of the Gasteromycetae the 
 basidia are irregularly distributed as in Scleroderma. The tissue 
 between the hymenial layers is known as the trama. The basidium 
 may consist either of a continuous cell, or be longitudinally 
 divided, or transversely septate. It is usually surmounted at the 
 apex by short stalks, the sterigmata, which bear the spores; some- 
 times these are lateral or arise from the division of the transversely 
 septate basidia: sometimes the spores are borne directly on the 
 hyphae. In some genera long vesicular hyphae are present which 
 traverse the tissue in various directions and these are often filled 
 with a granular coloured or colourless latex. The vegetative 
 hyphae constitute the main portion of the sporophore except in
 
 x INTRODUCTION 
 
 the small effused forms. The hymenium may be spread over 
 radiating gills or plates as in the mushroom, line the interior of 
 tubes or pores as in Polyporus, cover teeth-like projections as in 
 Hydnum, be immersed in a gelatinous mass as in Tremella, or be 
 borne on variously shaped structures known as receptacles as in 
 the Phalloids. 
 
 The sporophore is of different shapes, e.g. globose as in puff- 
 balls, sessile with outstretched flaps as in Stereum, erect, clavate, 
 coralloid or dendroid as in Clavaria, or differentiated into dis- 
 tinct stem, pileus or cap and hymenium-bearing surface as in the 
 mushroom. When young the sporophore is often completely 
 surrounded by a universal veil or membrane termed the volva 
 which is ruptured by the growth of the stem and in many species 
 portions or traces of this remain permanently at the base of the 
 stem. A second membrane or partial veil consisting of either 
 interwoven or arachnoid threads often protects the hymenial 
 surface before it is mature and extends from the stem to the 
 margin of the pileus : it either disappears completely or remains 
 as a ring on the stem, or in appendiculate fragments at the 
 margin of the pileus. The wall surrounding the Gasteromycetae 
 is termed the peridium and consists of one, two, or more layers, 
 the exoperidium to the exterior and the endoperidium to the 
 interior. The peridium sometimes incloses separate hymenium- 
 bearing bodies, the peridiola, which are either free, attached by 
 a cord (funiculus) or form a compound structure. The contents 
 of the peridium are collectively known as the gleba ; in addition 
 to spores there are often certain threads, the capillitium, which 
 arise either directly from the base, from the walls of the peridium 
 or are attached to a denser central portion, the columdla. 
 
 In some cases the external walls of the hyphae deliquesce 
 and this gives a jelly-like consistency to the whole fungus as in 
 Tremella, whilst in other cases the deliquescence is confined to 
 certain areas and constitutes a valuable diagnostic feature. In 
 the genus Coprinus the edge of the gill gradually undergoes a 
 process of autodigestion which ensures the economical dispersion 
 of the spores. The tramal plates of many Gasteromycetae finally 
 dissolve and disappear. All fungi since they have no chlorophyll 
 and are thus unable to form carbohydrates are either saprophytes 
 obtaining their nourishment from dead organic matter or are
 
 INTRODUCTION xi 
 
 parasites dependent on a living host. Sometimes the mycelium 
 forms a somewhat dense stratum (stroma) on which the receptacle 
 is seated or immersed; at other times it forms hard compact 
 masses known as sclerotia which often lie dormant for a con- 
 siderable length of time. 
 
 In more recent classifications the BASIDIOMYCETAE are 
 primarily divided into two main divisions, the HOMOBASIDIAE 
 and the HETEROBASIDIAE. In the former, the basidium is an 
 undivided cell usually clavate in shape: the spores on germina- 
 tion give rise to a mycelium which reproduces the sporophore. 
 In the latter, the basidia are either transversely, longitudinally, 
 or vertically septate, or sometimes continuous, but the spores on 
 germination give rise to sporidiola which germinate in their turn 
 to form the mycelium which reproduces the fruit body. 
 
 The HOMOBASIDIAE are divided into two main subdivisions 
 based upon their parasitic or saprophytic habit. The parasitic 
 forms constitute the subdivision EXOBASIDIINEAE, the sapro- 
 phytic forms the subdivision EU-HOMOBASIDIINEAE. The latter 
 are divided into the three orders Gasteromycetales, Agaricales and 
 Aphyllophorales. 
 
 The Gasteromycetales include the species having the hymenium 
 still surrounded at maturity by a peridium: the Agaricales have 
 the hymenium originally protected by a volva or a ring but at 
 maturity fully exposed, whilst the Aphyllophorales have the 
 hymenium exposed from the first. 
 
 The HETEROBASIDIAE are divided into four orders according 
 to the nature of the basidium, viz. Auriculariales, Tremellales, 
 Tulasnellales and Calocerales. In the Auriculariales the basidia 
 are transversely septate; in the Tremellales the basidia are 
 longitudinally, cruciately divided; the Tulasnellales have simple 
 basidia but the sterigmata are at first of such a wide diameter 
 that they were formerly considered to be spores, whilst the 
 Calocerales have cylindrical basidia terminated by two pointed, 
 usually long, sterigmata. All these orders are in general sapro- 
 phytic and have the hymenium fully exposed from the first but 
 the Auriculariales include the three parasitic suborders Puc- 
 ciniineae, Coleosporiineae and Ustilagineae which are not dealt 
 with in the present work and one suborder the Ecchynineae 
 which has the hymenium inclosed within a peridium at maturity.
 
 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 cm., centimetre. 
 
 mm., millimetre. 
 
 /x, one-thousandth part of a millimetre. 
 
 P., Pileus. 
 
 Pe., Peridium. 
 
 B., Receptacle. 
 
 st., stem. 
 
 v.v., Living specimens seen by the author.
 
 KEY TO THE DIVISIONS AND GENERA 
 OF BRITISH BASIDIOMYCETAE 
 
 BASIDIOMYCETAE. 
 
 L ^ "I HOMOBASIDIAE. 
 
 II. Basidia longitudinally divided, trans- } 
 
 versely septate, or simple; spores pro-!- HETEBOBASIDIAE. 
 ducing sporidiola on germination J 
 
 HOMOBASIDIAE. 
 
 * EU-HOMOB ASIDIINE AE. 
 Saprophytes. 
 
 L GASTEROMYCETALES. 
 
 2. Hymenium at first covered by a volva, \ 
 or a ring, becoming fully exposed at 
 
 maturity, usually inferior, and spread V AGARICALES. 
 over the surface of gills, fleshy pores, ! 
 or a smooth surface ) 
 
 3. Hymenium exposed from the first, 'i 
 
 APHYLLOPHORALES. 
 
 or a smooth surface 
 
 **EXOBASIDIINEAE. 
 
 Parasites. 
 
 4. Hymenium effused, rarely consisting) 
 
 of basidia only. Parasitic on leaves, j- EXOBASLDIALES. 
 etc. (especially Ericaceae) ) 
 
 HETEROBASIDIAE. 
 
 CyHn l
 
 KEY TO GASTEROMYCETALES 
 
 2. Basidia longitudinally cruciatelyl 
 divided, subglobose J 
 
 3. Basidia simple, subglobose, with 
 2-4 very thick stout sterigmata. 
 Spores producing sporidiola on 
 germination 
 
 4. Basidia simple, cylindrical, with j 
 two long pointed sterigmata. 
 
 Spores always becoming septate [ CALOCERALES. 
 on germination, and producing 
 sporidiola J 
 
 HOMOBASIDIAE. 
 
 * EU-HOMOBASIDIINEAE. 
 
 GASTEROMYCETALES. 
 
 I. Superficial. Peridium globose, with\ 
 a middle gelatinous layer, at length 
 ruptured, and exposing the gleba I PHALLINEAE. 
 on a variously shaped receptacle, 
 volvate at the base 
 
 1. Receptacle trellised, or irregu-1 
 
 larly branched above; gleba in-r CLATHRACEAE. 
 ternal, or between the branches J 
 
 2. Receptacle hollow, cylindrical, orl p 
 fusiform; gleba external } J 
 
 II. Subterranean, rarely superficial.^ 
 
 Peridium globose, simple, inde-[ TT Y MFNnr ASTRTNFAF 
 
 hiscent; hymenium lining the cell-[ 
 
 like cavities of the gleba ) 
 
 1. Tramal plates arising from radial,) TT 
 
 basal, sterile hyphae } HYSTERANGIACEAE. 
 
 e l HYMENOGASTRACEAE. 
 
 LYC OPERDINEAE. 
 
 LYCOPERDACEAE. 
 
 III. Superficial. Peridium globose, or 
 variously shaped, of two or more 
 layers, dehiscing by an apical 
 aperture, or by the gradual falling 
 away of the upper pendial walls; 
 hymenium lining the cell-like 
 cavities of the gleba. Capillitium 
 and sometimes a columella present 
 Same characters as the suborder
 
 KEY TO GASTEROMYCETALES 
 
 IV. Superficial, or growing on wood or; 
 dung. Peridium campanulate, orj 
 cup-shaped, of one to three layers, I 
 inclosing lenticular peridiola, some- \ NIDULARIINEAE. 
 times attached by a funiculus, 
 and with or without a fugacious 1 
 epiphragm 
 Same characters as the suborder NIDULARIACEAE. 
 
 PLECTOBASIDIINEAE. 
 (SCLERODERMINEAE.) 
 
 V. Subterranean, or superficial. Peri- 
 dium globose, or variously shaped, 
 of one or more layers, sometimes 
 prolonged into a stem-like base. 
 Basidia irregularly scattered, some- 
 times intermixed with sterile veins 
 
 A. Gleba pulverulent when mature. 
 
 (a) Gleba traversed by sterile veins. 
 
 Capillitium rudimentary. Peridiuml ScLERODERMATACEAE . 
 simple, rarely double J 
 
 Capillitium well developed. Peri-1 CALOSTOMATACEAE . 
 dmm highly differentiated J 
 
 (b) Gleba without sterile veins. 
 
 Peridium of two layers produced) TuLOSTOMATACEAB . 
 
 below into a stem-like base 
 
 Peridium of one layer, sessile,! 
 
 seated on a ring-like mass of my-h GLISCHRODERMATACEAE. 
 
 celium J 
 
 B. Gleba slimy when mature SPHAEROBOLACEAE. 
 
 CLATHRACEAE. 
 
 Receptacle sessile, forming a hollow, globose lattice Clathrus. 
 Receptacle stipitate, terminating in free arms, or) ^ ysurus 
 branches J 
 
 Receptacle stipitate, crowned by a disc from which) 
 the arms radiate J 
 
 PHALLACEAE. 
 
 Gleba campanulate, adnate throughout to the re-'j Cynophallus. 
 ceptacle / (Mutinus.) 
 
 Gleba campanulate, reticulate, free, attached by the] 
 apex to the receptacle J 
 
 12
 
 4: KEY TO GASTEROMYCETALES 
 
 HYSTERANGIACEAE. 
 
 Peridium globose, separable. Gleba cartilaginous, or] 
 mucilaginous, cavities at first empty / yste 
 
 HYMENOGASTRACEAE. 
 
 A. Peridium without external mycelial strands. 
 Spores elliptical to fusiform, with a prominent) 
 papilla; sterile base well developed J 
 Spore globose, or broadly elliptical, echinulate, 
 or verrucose. 
 
 Tramal plates splitting, sterile base well de-) 
 veloped } 
 
 Tramal plates not splitting, no sterile base Hydnangium. 
 
 B. Peridium with external mycelial strands; glebal ,->, . 
 cavities at first hollow, spores elliptical, smooth J 
 
 LYCOPERD ACE AE . 
 
 A. Exoperidium consisting of a pseudo-parenchy- 
 matous layer. 
 
 1. Capillitium threads attached to the peridium,1 
 
 or the columella, not consisting of a distinct stem \ Lycoperdon. 
 and branches 
 
 2. Capillitium threads free, consisting of a distinct 
 stem and pointed branches. 
 
 Sterile base present Bovistella. 
 
 Sterile base absent Bovista. 
 
 B. Exoperidium consisting of a pseudo-parenchy- 
 matous layer, and a fibrous layer, splitting open 
 in a star-like manner. 
 
 Endoperidium with many stems, and dehiscing! 
 by many mouths / 
 
 Endoperidium with a single stem, or sessile, } t 
 and dehiscing by a single mouth J 
 
 NlDULARIACEAE. 
 
 Peridium subglobose, of one layer, without an epi-j 
 
 phragm. Peridiola without a funiculus J 
 
 Peridium cup-shaped, of two layers, with an epi-l 
 
 phragm. Peridiola attached by a papilla to thej- Crucibulum. 
 
 funiculus 
 
 1 Cf. Astraeus.
 
 
 KEY TO GASTEROMYCETALES 5 
 
 Peridium campanulate, or cylindrical, of three"! 
 
 layers, with an epiphragm. Peridiola umbilicately \ Cyathus. 
 
 attached to the funiculus 
 
 SCLERODERMATACE AE . 
 
 Subterranean. Peridium soft, fleshy, with branched"! 
 
 mycelial strands springing from every part of the!- Melanogaster. 
 
 exterior, not sharply separated from the gleba 
 
 Superficial. Peridium leathery, or corky, of one or"! 
 
 two layers, sharply separated from the pulverulent - Scleroderma. 
 
 gleba J 
 
 Superficial. Peridium membranaceous, distinctly"! . ,., 
 
 separated from the gleba, which at maturity consists / ,p. * US ' 
 
 CALOSTOMATACEAE. 
 
 Endoperidium inserted at the base of the exoperi-j , 
 dium, the latter splitting open in a star-like manner/ 
 
 TULOSTOMATACEAE. 
 
 A. Capillitium smooth. 
 
 Endoperidium dehiscing by an apical aperture Tulostoma. 
 Endoperidium dehiscing by the gradual falling) ^ , . 
 away of the peridial walls from the base upwards/ 
 
 B. Capillitium with ring-like, or spiral markings Battarrea. 
 
 GrLISCHRODERMATACEAE. 
 
 Same characters as the family Glischroderma. 
 
 SPHAEROBOLACEAE. 
 Same characters as the family Sphaerobolus. 
 
 AGARICALES. 
 
 I. Hymenium inseparable from the j AGA R ICINEAE . 
 pileus, spread over the surface of gillsj 
 
 II. Hymenium inseparable from the 
 
 pileus, spread over the surface of 
 
 CANTH AKELLINEAE. 
 
 narrow, obtuse gills, or folds, or 
 quite smooth 
 
 III. Hymenium soft, separable from the! 
 
 pileus, lining the inside of pores, orj- BOLETINEAE. 
 pore-like gills
 
 KEY TO AGARICALES 
 
 AGAEICINEAE. 
 
 Same characters as the suborder AGARICACEAE. 
 
 AGAKICACEAE. 
 
 I. Receptacle fleshy, trama not vesiculose, nor 
 traversed by lacticiferous vessels, not mem- 
 branaceous, not rapidly putrescent, nor tough 
 and woody. 
 
 A. Pileus distinct, and easily separable from the 
 
 * Without a ring, or a volva. 
 
 Spores white Schulz&ria. 
 
 Spores pink Pluteus. 
 
 Spores green Glaucospora. 
 
 Spores ochraceous Pluteolus. 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous Pilosace. 
 **With a ring on the stem. 
 
 Spores white, ring rarely fugacious, always] ,- . 
 
 manifest in the adult stage J 
 Spores white, ring very fugacious, not manifest") 
 
 in the adult stage / 
 
 Spores pink Annularia. 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous Psaliota. 
 
 Spores black, or blackish fuscous Anellaria. 
 ***With a volva at the base of the stem. 
 
 Spores white Amanitopsis. 
 
 Spores pink Volvaria. 
 
 (Locellina. 
 
 Spores ochraceous \(Acetabularia.) 
 
 , (Clarkeinda. 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous {(Chitonia.) 
 
 ****With a ring on the stem, and a volva at the 
 base of the stem. 
 Spores white Amanita. 
 
 B. Pileus confluent and homogeneous with the 
 fleshy stem. 
 
 *With a membranaceous ring on the stem. 
 Spores white ArmiUaria.
 
 KEY TO AGARICALES 7 
 
 Spores ferruginous, rough; general veil per-1 . 
 sistent / 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, generally) <: piw 
 smooth; general veil none, or fugacious j L " 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous Stropharia. 
 
 **With an arachnoid or filamentous general veil. 
 
 1. Veil forming an arachnoid, fugacious ring on) ~ . 
 the stem. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous / 
 
 2. Veil concrete with the epidermis of the pileus. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, elliptical,"^ ,. , 
 smooth J 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, irregular,) . 
 
 -,-, ^ r Astrosvorina. 
 
 angular, ecmnulate, or verrucose 
 
 ***Gills sinuate. 
 
 Spores white Tricholoma. 
 
 Spores pink Entoloma. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous Hebeloma. 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous Hypholoma. 
 
 ****Gills decurrent, or adnato-decurrent by a tooth. 
 
 Spores white; hymenium not waxy, nor) nr , 
 
 pulverulent j l 
 
 Spores white; hymenium pulverulent Laccaria. 
 
 Spores white; hymenium waxy Hygrophorus. 
 
 Spores pink Clitopilus. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous Flammula. 
 
 Spores greenish fuscous, or blackish; gills mu-| rih'd'us 
 cilaginous / 
 
 C. Pileus confluent with, but heterogeneous from, 
 the cartilaginous stem. 
 
 *Grills adnate, or sinuato-adnate. 
 
 fMargin of pileus at first incurved, or exceeding 
 the gills. 
 
 Spores white CollyUa. 
 
 Spores pink Leptonia. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferrugineus Naucoria. 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous Psilocybe 
 
 Spores black, or blackish Panaeolus.
 
 KEY TO AGARICALES 
 
 ff Margin of pileus straight, at first adpressed 
 
 to the stem. 
 
 Spores white 
 
 Spores pink 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous 
 
 Spores black, or blackish 
 **Gills decurrent. 
 
 Spores white 
 
 Spores pink 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous 
 
 D . Pileus confluent with the excentric, or lateral 
 stem, dimidiate, sessile, or resupinate. 
 Spores white, gill edge entire 
 Spores white, gill edge longitudinally split 
 Spores pink 
 Spores ochraceous. 
 
 II. Receptacle fleshy, trama vesiculose and 
 traversed by lacticiferous vessels. Spores 
 white, or yellow. 
 
 Latex watery, uncoloured 
 
 Latex milk-white, or coloured, rarely like) 
 
 serum ) 
 
 III. Receptacle membranaceous, or fleshy mem- 
 branaceous, fragile, rapidly putrescent, or 
 shrivelling up. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous 
 
 Spores black, or blackish fuscous. Gills) 
 
 auto-digested from below upwards / 
 
 IV. Receptacle membranaceous, tough, reviving 
 with moisture, not putrescent. 
 
 Spores white. 
 
 *Pileus with a thin, unspecialized cellular) 
 pellicle > 
 
 **Pileus with a thick, cellular pellicle. 
 
 Cells of the pellicle upright, echinulate, or) Androsaceus. 
 verrucose J (Marasmius p.p.) 
 
 Cells of the pellicle decumbent, very long,) n // 
 fibrillose I P 
 
 Mycena. 
 
 Nolanea. 
 
 Galera. 
 
 Psathyra. 
 
 Psathyrdla. 
 
 OmpMia. 
 
 Ectilia. 
 
 Tubaria. 
 
 Pleurotus. 
 Schizophyllum. 
 Claudopus. 
 Crepidotus. 
 
 Russula. 
 T 
 Latanus ' 
 
 Bolbitius. 
 Coprinus.
 
 KEY TO AGARICALES 9 
 
 V. Eeceptacle coriaceous, fleshy coriaceous, or 
 woody. Spores white. 
 
 Pileus fleshy coriaceous, gills somewhat soft Panus. 
 Pileus membranaceous coriaceous, gills j 
 coriaceous, branched, obtuse J ero us ' 
 
 Pileus coriaceous, or woody, pliant; gills] T ,. 
 firm, often toothed 
 
 CANTHARELLINEAE. 
 
 Same characters as the suborder CANTHARELLACEAE. 
 
 CANTHARELLACEAE. 
 *Spores white. 
 
 Receptacle fleshy, stipitate; gills simple.) N Ug 
 
 Parasitic on other Agarics 
 
 Receptacle fleshy, stipitate; gills forked Cantharellus. 
 
 Receptacle fleshy, membranaceous, funnel-] 
 
 shaped or umbilicate. Hymenium veined, [ Craterellus. 
 
 or smooth 
 
 Receptacle membranaceous, spathulate, or) j)ictyolus 
 
 cup-shaped, pendant. Hymenium veined, [- (C J tharettusp ^) 
 
 or smooth ) v 
 
 **Spores ochraceous. 
 
 Receptacle fleshy coriaceous, stipitate. \ 
 Hymenium fold-like J 
 
 BOLETINEAE. 
 
 Same characters as the suborder BOLETACEAE. 
 
 BOLETACEAE. 
 
 1. Hymenium spread over gills, which anasto-"! 
 
 mose by veins, and form irregular pores, | .,, 
 especially at the apex of the stem. Spores f 
 white, ochraceous, or ferruginous J 
 
 2. Hymenium lining the inside of fleshy tubes. 
 
 (Gyroporus. 
 Spores white, or pale yellowish {(Boletus p.p.) 
 
 . , (Tylopilus. 
 
 S P reS P mk [(Boletus p.p.)
 
 10 
 
 KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES 
 
 Spores purple 
 
 ((Boletus p.p.) 
 
 Spores blackish, or fuscous. Pileus) . ,. 7 
 vn Q ^ TTrUk ;w,^o+ Q oUc, f Strobilomyccs . 
 
 Boletinus. 
 
 covered with imbricate scales 
 Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or oliva- 
 ceous. 
 
 Tubes short, alveolar, decurrent 
 Tubes very short, gyroso-plicate 
 Tubes long Boletus. 
 
 APHYLLOPHORALES. 
 
 I. Receptacle pileate, stipitate, sessile, orl PO ROHYDNINEAE. 
 resupinate; hymenium inferior J 
 
 II. Receptacle erect, dendroid, coralloid,1 
 
 simple, or branched, never pileate; hy-V CLAVARIINEAE. 
 menium more or less amphigenous 
 
 I. POROHYDNINEAE. 
 
 1. Hymenium lining tubes coherent 
 throughout their length, forming a 
 layer distinct from the substance of 
 
 the pileus, sometimes becoming torn 
 
 POLYPORACEAE. 
 
 into teeth, or gill-like plates, and sepa- 
 rated by dissepiments sterile on the 
 edge 
 
 2. Hymenium lining tubes, or covering"! 
 gills, or teeth, homogeneous with the' 
 substance of the pileus, not forming a 
 distinct layer, sterile on the edge 
 
 3. Hymenium spread over veins, anasto-1 
 
 mosing pores, or quite smooth; edge of j- MERULIACEAE. 
 veins or pores fertile 
 
 4. Hymenium inferior, lining free and! FlgTULINACEAE . 
 separate tubes J 
 
 5. Hymenium spread over the surface of 
 spines, granules, warts, or other pro- 
 
 tuberances, or quite smooth, inter- 
 vening spaces fertile. Receptacle fleshy, 
 coriaceous, waxy, crustaceous, or floe- 
 cose, rarely none 
 
 HYDNACEAE.
 
 KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES 11 
 
 Hymenium spread over a smooth, rugose, 
 or ribbed surface, either resting upon an in- 
 termediate layer of hyphae running longitu- 
 dinally between it and the mycelium, or 
 seated directly upon the mycelium 
 
 THELEPHORACEAE. 
 
 7. Hymenium covering the whole of the in-") 
 
 terior of cup-shaped, urceolate, or cylindrical j- CYPHELLACEAE. 
 receptacles, smooth, or veined J 
 
 POLYPORACEAE. 
 
 Eeceptacle stipitate, or sessile, fleshy, cheesy,! 
 or coriaceous. Tubes homogeneous, or hetero- 1 
 geneous, dissepiments entire, or toothed. Spores | 
 white, or coloured J 
 
 Eeceptacle stipitate, fleshy. Tubes becoming"] 
 torn into teeth, or gill-like plates 
 mosing at the base. Spores white 
 
 Sistotrema. 
 
 Receptacle sessile, hard, woody, or corky. Pileus\ 
 often concentrically zoned, covered with a hard [ 
 crust, or villose. Tubes homogeneous, or hetero- V Fomes. 
 geneous, often stratose. Spores white, or 
 coloured 
 
 Receptacle stipitate, or sessile, corky. Pileus") 
 covered with a rigid, laccate, shining crust. I ^ , 
 Tubes often stratose. Spores coloured, oval,] ' 
 truncate at the base 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, membranaceous, soft,\ 
 coriaceous, or corky. Tubes often inserted! p . 
 directly on the mycelium, round, or angular, j 
 Spores white, or coloured 
 
 POLYSTICTACEAE. 
 
 Receptacle sessile, thin, coriaceous, or mem-1 
 branaceous. Tubes homogeneous, developing j- Polystictus. 
 from the centre outwards. Spores white 
 
 Receptacle sessile, or resupinate, membrana-"! 
 ceous, or coriaceous. Tubes alveolar, becoming j- Irpex. 
 torn, or toothed. Spores white
 
 12 
 
 KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES 
 
 Trametes. 
 
 Receptacle sessile, corky, or coriaceous. Hyme-\ 
 nium spread over gills, which anastomose at the! ^ . 
 base, homogeneous with the substance of the pileus, \ 
 and not forming a distinct layer. Spores white 
 
 Receptacle sessile, corky. Tubes homogeneous withj 
 the substance of the pileus, not forming a distinct 
 layer, regular, round, or oblong. Spores white, 
 rarely yellowish j 
 
 Receptacle stipitate, or sessile, spongy, or corky.' 
 
 Tubes homogeneous with the substance of the 
 
 pileus, not forming a distinct layer, irregular, r Daedalea. 
 
 sinuous, or labyrinthiform, often becoming torn, or 
 
 toothed. Spores white. 
 
 MERULIACEAE. 
 
 Receptacle sessile, or resupinate, more or less gela-) 
 
 tinous. Veins anastomosing to form irregular pores, j- Merulius. 
 
 Spores white or coloured j 
 
 Receptacle erect, or resupinate, waxy, firm. Veins) 7 
 radial. Spores white J 
 
 Veins gill-j Plicatura. 
 ) (Trogia.) 
 
 Receptacle sessile, spongy coriaceous, 
 like, crisped. Spores white 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, waxy. Hymenium granular,! r . , 
 or smooth. Spores coloured, smooth. No cystidia J L m P 
 
 Like Coniophora, but with cystidia Coniophorella. 
 
 FlSTULINACEAE. 
 
 Same characters as the family 
 
 Fistidina. 
 
 HYDNACEAE. 
 
 Receptacle none. Spines simple, cylindrical, acute, "j 
 
 seated directly on the fugacious mycelium. Spores f Mticronetta. 
 
 white 
 
 Receptacle simple, or branched, stipitate, sessile, j 
 
 or dimidiate, fleshy, coriaceous, or corky. Spines^ Hydnum. 
 
 subulate. Spores white, or coloured 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, or reflexed, membranaceous] ,, , , 
 coriaceous. Spines subulate, apex hispid. Spores [ 7%*T* * n \ 
 white, oval, or oblong. Cystidia present. m p - p '>
 
 KEY TO APHYLLOPHOEALES 13 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, thin, waxy, inseparable.^ 
 Tubercles or spines obtuse, often deformed, ir- 
 regularly scattered, or confluent. Spores white, r Radulum. 
 or coloured. Cystidia none, cystidioles (sterile 
 basidia) sometimes present 
 
 Eeceptacle resupinate, thin, waxy. Spines thin, 
 
 subulate, generally entire, distinct, or connate 
 at the base. Spores white. Cystidia none, cys- 
 tidioles very thin, or absent 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, thin, membranaceous, 
 pelliculose, or crustaceous. Tubercles or spines 
 
 Ada. 
 (Hydnum p.p.) 
 
 Grandinia. 
 
 obtuse, or pointed, entire. Spores white, or 
 coloured. Cystidia none 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, thin, membranaceous, \ 
 waxy, crustaceous or mealy. Spines conical,! ~, 
 ciliate, or penicillate at the apex. Spores white, t 
 Cystidia present J 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, subgelatinous. Spines very) ., 
 minute, sterile. Spores white J l '" ia " 
 
 Like Odontia, but spores coloured, smooth Hydnopsis. 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, soft, floccose. Spines soft, \ 
 
 conical, villose, fimbriate at the apex. Flesh [ 
 
 coloured. Spores coloured, verrucose, or echinu- 1 
 
 late 
 
 Receptacle pileate, stipitate, sessile, or resupinate, 
 
 without a distinct pellicle, coriaceous. Hyme- 
 
 nium smooth, granular, or faintly ribbed. Flesh 
 
 coloured. Spores coloured, angular, echinulate, (Thelephorap.p.) 
 
 or verrucose 
 
 PJiylacteria. 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, soft, floccose. Hymeniuml ~ ochnus 
 
 granular, or smooth, floccose. Flesh coloured. > , J^ til \ 
 
 Spores coloured, echinulate, or angular J 
 
 Like Hypochnus, but spores violet, smooth Hypochnella. 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, effused, flocculose-pulveru-'j 
 
 lent, Hypochnus-like. Spores straw coloured, sub- v Jaapia. 
 
 elliptical, hyaline-appendiculate J 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, subgelatinous, then car-"| 
 
 tilaginous. Hymenium smooth. Spores olive, V Aldrigea. 
 
 elliptical, smooth J 
 
 [Irregular abnormal growths the conidial forms) \ptijchoaaster 1 
 of Porohydnineae] / L y y
 
 14 
 
 KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES 
 
 THELEPHOKACEAE. 
 
 1. Hymenium separated from the mycelium by an 
 intermediate layer of hyphae. 
 
 Receptacle erect, much branched, branches] 
 
 flattened in a lamellar, or plate-like manner, > Sparassis. 
 
 fleshy. Hymenium smooth. Spores white 
 
 Receptacle simple, or branched, stipitate, ses-\ 
 
 sile, effuso-reflexed, rarely resupinate, cori-l 
 
 aceous. Hymenium smooth. Flesh pale. Spores i 
 
 white. Cystidia hyaline J 
 
 Like Stereum, but cystidia, or setae coloured.] 
 Flesh coloured. Spores white, or coloured 
 
 [Like Stereum, but hymenium smooth, granu-j 
 
 lar, or faintly ribbed. Flesh coloured. Spores f [Phylacteria.] 
 
 coloured, angular, echinulate, or verrucose] j 
 
 Receptacle sessile, or produced behind into a-j 
 
 stem-like base, coriaceous, or woody. Hy-l 
 
 menium with fan-like folds, or radiating woody, [ 
 
 branched ribs, or veins. Spores white J 
 
 2. Hymenium seated directly on the mycelium. 
 Receptacle resupinate, waxy, or floccose. Hy-\ 
 menium smooth, with scattered protuberances 
 
 caused by the breaking through of fasciculate, \- Epithek. 
 
 Stereum 1 
 
 Hymenochaete. 
 
 Cladoderris. 
 
 sterile, mycelial hyphae. Spores white. 
 tidia 
 
 Cys-l 
 / 
 
 Receptacle saucer-shaped with a free margin, \ 
 
 or resupinate and adnate, floccose, or crusta- 
 
 ceous, becoming coriaceous. Hymenium 
 
 smooth, pulverulent, with much granular, or Y Aleurodiscus. 
 
 crystalline matter. Spores white, large ; basidia 
 
 large, sterile basidia or paraphyses moniliform, 
 
 or racemose 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, waxy, crustaceous, or 
 
 floccose. Hymenium waxy, smooth, or tuber- 
 
 cular, continuous, often cracked. Spores white, L Corticium 2 . 
 
 rarely faintly coloured, smooth. No cystidia; 
 
 sterile basidia (cystidioles) sometimes emergent/ 
 
 Like C&rtirium but the hyphae and hymenium] r> f - 
 
 traversed by long, cystidia-like bodies, whose I . , 
 
 walls are never thickened, nor incrusted withj L, U ^-j- \ 
 
 crystalline deposits (gloeocystidia) 
 
 1 Cf. Eichhriella. 2 Cf. Sebacina.
 
 KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES 
 
 15 
 
 Eeceptacle incrusting, variously branched, \ 
 lobed, or effused, fibrillosely floccose, soft. I Cristdla. 
 Spores white, echinulate. Growing on fallen | (Thelephorap.p.) 
 twigs, and mosses J 
 
 [Receptacle resupinate, soft, floccose. Hy-^ 
 menium granular, or smooth, floccose. Flesh I \Hypochnus. 
 coloured. Spores coloured, echinulate, orj (Tomentdla.)] 
 angular] / 
 
 [Like Hypochnus, but spores violet, smooth] [Hypochnella.] 
 
 [Receptacle resupinate, effused, flocculose-j 
 pulverulent, Hypochnus-like. Spores straws [Jaapia.] 
 coloured, subelliptical, hyaline-appendiculate] j 
 
 [Receptacle resupinate, waxy. Hymenium] 
 
 granular, or smooth. Spores coloured, smooth, f- [Coniophora.] 
 
 No cystidia] 
 
 Like Corticium, but with prominent, hyaline, 
 or subhyaline cystidia in the hymenium or 
 subhymenial tissues, which are generally L Peniophora. 
 thick walled, or incrusted with crystalline de- 
 posits. Spores white, rarely slightly coloured/ 
 
 [Like Coniophora, but with cystidia] [Coniophorella.] 
 
 CYPHELLACEAE. 
 
 Receptacles sessile, scattered, crowded, or-. 
 
 confluent, coriaceous-gelatinous. Hymenium Cytidia. 
 
 smooth, becoming wrinkled, or veined. Spores f (Auriculariopsis.) 
 
 white, or pale 
 
 Receptacles stipitate, or sessile, scattered, or^i 
 
 crowded, membranaceous, or waxy. Hyme- > Cyphella. 
 
 nium smooth, or veined. Spores white J 
 
 Receptacles sessile, seated on a superficial,^ 
 felt-like, then floccose and fugacious myce-l , . 
 Hum, gregarious, or fasciculate. Hymenium j 
 smooth. Spores white 
 
 Receptacles sessile, more or less crowded, dis-^j 
 
 tinct, seated on, or immersed in an effused, I 
 
 membranaceous, or floccose stroma. Spores j 
 
 white 
 
 Like Cyphella, but spores coloured, smooth,! 
 
 or echinulate J
 
 16 KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES, ETC. 
 
 II. CLAVARIINEAE. 
 
 Same characters as the suborder CLAVARIACEAE. 
 
 II. CLAVARIACEAE. 
 
 Receptacle erect, simple, or branched, 
 branches cylindrical, smooth, or longitu- 
 dinally striate, fleshy, or subcoriaceous, 
 
 Clavaria. 
 
 generally putrescent. Spores white, or ochra- 
 
 ceous, smooth, or rough. Growing on the 
 
 ground, or on wood 
 
 Receptacle erect, simple, very rarely branched,^ 
 
 cylindrically-clavate, with a long, thin stem, 
 
 often springing from a sclerotium, fleshy, >- Typhula 
 
 waxy, or tough. Spores white. Growing on 
 
 fallen twigs and dead leaves 
 
 Receptacle erect, simple, very rarely forked,N 
 
 club shaped, with a short, thick, glabrous, or I p / 77 
 
 villose stem, fleshy, or waxy. Spores white.] 
 
 Growing on herbaceous plants J 
 
 Receptacle filiform, simple, or branched, firm, j 
 
 tough. Spores white. Growing on the ground, [ Pterula. 
 
 or on wood j 
 
 ** EXOB ASIDIINE AE. 
 
 EXOBASIDIALES. 
 Same characters as the order EXOB ASIDI ACE AE. 
 
 EXOB ASIDI ACE AE. 
 
 Mycelium vegetating in the interior of the) 
 
 li ving host, and giving rise, on the exterior, j- Exobasidium. 
 
 to basidia j 
 
 HETEROBASIDIAE. 
 
 AURICULARIALES. 
 1 Parasites, with, or without, probasidia PUCCINIINEAE 1 . 
 
 COLEOSPORIINEAE 1 . 
 USTILAGINEAE 1 . 
 2. Saprophytes, without probasidia 
 
 (a) Hymenium fully exposed from the first AURICULARIINEAE. 
 (6) Hymenium inclosed within a peridium ECCHYNINEAE. 
 1 Not dealt with in the present work.
 
 KEY TO ATJRICULARIALES 
 
 17 
 
 AURICULARIINEAE. 
 
 Same characters as suborder 
 
 AURICULABIACEAE. 
 
 AURICUL ARI ACE AE . 
 
 Receptacle effused, incrusting, membrana-\ 
 
 ceous, soft, floccose. Hymenium smooth. 
 
 Basidia more or less incurved, transversely ^ Helicobasidium. 
 
 septate; sterigmata subulate, unilateral. 
 
 Spores white 
 
 Receptacle effused, or upright, thin, waxy, on 
 gelatinous. Hymenium smooth. Basidia! , , 
 cylindrical, straight, transversely septate.) 
 Spores white J 
 
 Receptacle dimidiate, cup-shaped, sessile, or 
 substipitate, gelatinous coriaceous, then carti- 
 laginous. Hymenium smooth, reticulate, or 
 ribbed. Basidia cylindrical, transversely 
 3-septate. Spores white, cylindrical, or sub- 
 reniform 
 
 Receptacle erect, filiform, or subclavate. Hy- 
 menium smooth. Basidia cylindrical, trans- 
 versely 3-septate. Spores white 
 
 Eocronartium. 
 (Clavaria p.p. 
 = Helicobasidium 
 sec. Patouillard.) 
 
 Receptacle erect, globose, stipitate. Hyme-\ 
 nium consisting of branched threads ter- 
 minated by a basidium. Basidia short, pear- > Stilbum. 
 shaped, transversely 1 -septate. Spores white, 
 elliptical. Growing on dead wood / 
 
 ECCHYNINEAE. 
 
 Same characters as suborder 
 
 ECCHYNACEAE. 
 
 ECCHYNACEAE. 
 
 Peridium globose, stipitate, or substipitate, 
 thin, fugacious. Threads of gleba bearing the 
 basidia on their lower portion, either in tufts, 
 or scattered. Basidia transversely 3-septate, 
 bearing the spores either sessile, or on very I 
 short sterigmata. Spores brown ' 
 
 Ecchyna.
 
 18 
 
 KEY TO TREMELLALES 
 
 TREMELLACEAE. 
 
 Tremella. 
 
 Phaeotremella. 
 Guepinia. 
 
 TREMELLALES. 
 
 Same characters as the order 
 
 TREMELLACEAE. 
 
 Receptacle foliaceous, brain-like, or tubercu- 
 lar, gelatinous, soft, fertile over the whole 
 surface, very rarely papillose, sometimes with 
 an irregular nucleus formed by mineral con- 
 cretions. Spores white, globose or elliptical. 
 Growing on dead wood, rarely on the ground 
 
 Like Tremella, but spores coloured 
 Receptacle erect, ear-shaped, or spathulate \ 
 substipitate, or sessile, gelatinous, firm. Hy-| 
 menium inferior, smooth, or indistinctly veined. \ 
 Spores white. Growing on the ground, or on 
 rotten wood 
 
 Receptacle cupulate, discoid, foliaceous, or 
 effused, marginate, pendant, sterile on upper 
 surface, gelatinous, soft, pellucid. Hymenium! .-,. 
 inferior, smooth, reticulately veined, or foli- 1 
 aceous, often papillose. Spores white, allantoid. 
 Growing on wood 
 
 Receptacle dimidiate, substipitate, or sessile^ 
 
 gelatinous. Hymenium with fertile spines or - Tremellodon. 
 
 teeth. Spores white. Growing on wood 
 
 Like Odontia, but with subgelatinous teeth, } 
 and longitudinally septate basidia. Spores - 
 white. Growing on dead wood 
 Receptacle effused, incrusting, like Corticium,\ 
 coriaceous, gelatinous, or waxy. Hymenium I 
 smooth. Spores white. Growing on the ground, [ 
 or on wood 
 
 Like Sebacina, but hymenium possessing true) 
 cystidia / 
 
 Like Sebacina, but hymenium possessing) 
 gloeocystidia filled with a coloured juice / 
 
 Receptacle cup-shaped, or resupinate with the 
 margin free, or reflexed, membranaceous, waxy, 
 or coriaceous, soft. Hymenium smooth, rugu- 
 lose, or tubercular. Spores white. Growing on 
 dead branches 
 
 Protodontia. 
 
 Sebacina. 
 (Thelephora and 
 Corticium p.p.) 
 
 Sebacina, subg. 
 Heterochaetella. 
 Sebacina, subg. 
 Bourdotia. 
 
 Eichleriella.
 
 KEY TO TULASNELLALES, CALOCERALES 
 
 19 
 
 TULASNELLACEAE. 
 
 Tulasnella. 
 
 CALOCERACEAE. 
 
 TULASNELLALES. 
 
 Same characters as the order 
 
 TULASNELLACEAE. 
 
 Receptacle effused, fleshy membranaceous, or 
 gelatinous, then cartilaginous. Hymenium 
 smooth, exposed from the first. Spores white, 
 producing sporidiola on germination; sterig- 
 mata very thick and stout. Growing on dead 
 wood, and fallen pine needles 
 
 CALOCEBALES. 
 
 Same characters as the order 
 
 CALOCERACEAE. 
 
 Receptacle more or less tubercular, or cup->> 
 shaped, entirely gelatinous. Hymenium I ^ 
 smooth, or plicate. Spores white, simple,) a M ?/ 068 - 
 septate, or muriform. Growing on dead wood] 
 Receptacle cup-shaped, or lobed, stipitate, or\ 
 substipitate, gelatinous, or cartilaginous ; stem | 
 firm, indurated. Hymenium smooth. Spores Y Ditiola. 
 white, elliptic-oblong, becoming 1-3-septate. 
 Growing on dead wood / 
 
 Receptacle erumpent, convex, then plane, \ 
 sessile, gelatinous, or floccose. Hymenium 
 smooth, becoming plicate. Spores yellowish, Y Femsjonia. 
 oblong, becoming 8-10- , or more, septate. 
 Growing on dead, rarely living, wood / 
 
 Receptacle upright, cylindrical, apex globose,^ 
 or elongate, stipitate, gelatinous, firm. Hy- 
 menium smooth, or rugosely plicate, con- [- Dacryomitra. 
 fined to the upper portion of the receptacle. 
 Spores white. Growing on dead wood 
 Receptacle upright, cylindrical, simple, on 
 branched, gelatinous-coriaceous, cartilaginous! ^ , 
 when dry. Hymenium smooth, amphigenous. j 
 Spores white. Growing on wood / 
 
 22
 
 CLATHRUS 21 
 
 BASIDIOMYCETAE. 
 
 Fungi reproduced by spores borne on basidia. 
 
 HOMOBASIDIAE. 
 
 Basidia simple; spores on germination giving rise to a myc'elium. 
 
 *EU-HOMOBASIDIINEAE. 
 
 Saprophytes. 
 GASTEROMYCETALES. 
 
 Hymenium inclosed at maturity within a peridium. 
 
 PHALLINEAE. 
 
 Peridium globose, consisting of three layers, the middle one gelatin- 
 ous, at length ruptured, with the lower portion forming a volva at 
 the base. Gleba at length mucilaginous, consisting of labyrinthiform 
 cells, attached to the variously shaped receptacle, and finally borne 
 upwards. 
 
 CLATHRACEAE. 
 
 Receptacle trellised, or dividing into arms, or branches at the apex, 
 sessile, or stipitate. Gleba internal, or between the arms or branches. 
 
 Clathrus (Micheli) Pers. 
 (K\eWpov, lattice.) 
 
 Peridium globose, becoming torn into irregular lobes at the apex. 
 Receptacle forming an obovate, or globose, hollow lattice, covered 
 on the inside with the mucilaginous gleba. Basidia bearing 4-8, 
 sessile, or subsessile, smooth, colourless, cylindrical spores. Growing 
 on the ground. 
 
 1. C. ruber (Mich.) Pers. (= Clathrus cancellatus (Tourn.) Fr.) 
 Rolland, Champ, t. 108, no. 245, as Clathrus cancellatus. 
 
 Ruber, red. 
 
 Volva 5-10 cm., white, globose, becoming torn into irregular lobes 
 at the apex, attached at the base by a cord-like mycelium. Receptacle 
 vermilion, or pinkish red, obovate, or globose, sessile, forming a 
 hollow, pentagonal net-work, perforated in lattice-, or trellis-fashion, 
 flattened on the outer surface, torn, and irregular on the inner side, 
 and covered with olive brown mucus. Spores white, cylindrical, 
 5-6 x 2/>i. Smell extremely foetid. Woods, plantations, gardens and 
 stoves. Sept. Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
 
 22 LYSTJRUS. ASEROE 
 
 Lysurus Fr. 
 (\vrt9, loosing; ovpd, tail.) 
 
 Peridium globose, becoming torn at the apex into irregular lobes. 
 Receptacle stipitate, dividing at the apex into free arms, or lobes, 
 distinct from the stem, bearing the mucilaginous gleba. Basidia 
 with 4-6, sessile, or subsessile, cylindrical, or oblong, coloured spores. 
 Growing on the ground. 
 
 2. L. australiensis Cke. & Mass. (= Lysurus borealis (Burt) P. Henn. 1 ) 
 
 Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 3. 
 
 Australiensis, belonging to Australia. 
 
 Volva 4-5 cm., white, globose, becoming torn above into irregular 
 lobes, attached to the soil around the base by numerous white, cord- 
 like mycelial strands. Receptacle 6x2 cm., whitish, cylindrical, 
 attenuated at the base, hollow, cellular, dividing at the apex into 
 six arms. Arms deep reddish brown, mucilaginous on the inside, 
 15-20 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide at the base, attenuated at the apex, 
 with a longitudinal groove down the centre and transversely ribbed, 
 not cellular, differing in texture from the receptacle, erect, slightly 
 incurved at the apex. Spores reddish brown, oblong elliptical, 
 3 x 1-5 fj,. Pasture where refuse of sacks had been emptied out, and 
 amongst stable refuse. Sept. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 Aseroe La Billard. 
 (acrr/pos, disgusting.) 
 
 Peridium globose, becoming torn at the apex into irregular lobes. 
 Receptacle stipitate, crowned at the apex by a disc, from which the 
 arms radiate; arms covered with the gleba. Growing on the ground. 
 
 3. A. rubra La Billard. Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanz. Fam. i**, t. 137, 
 
 figs. A C. Rubra, red. 
 
 Receptacle stipitate, red, or pale rose, sheathed by the volva at the 
 base, pervious at the apex, which is expanded into a bright red disc, 
 furnished at the margin with from five to eight bifid rays. Spores 
 "hyaline, oblong, 6-10 x l'5-2ju." Petch. On soil brought from 
 Australia. Rare. 
 
 PHALLACEAE. 
 
 Receptacle hollow, cylindrical, or fusiform, with, or without, a 
 campanulate pileus at the apex. Gleba external. 
 
 1 Recorded as a distinct British species by Wakefield in Kew Bulletin of 
 Miscel. Inf. no. 7 (1918), 231.
 
 CYNOPHALLUS. PHALLUS 23 
 
 Cynophallus (Fr.) Cda. 
 
 (Mutinus Fr.) 
 
 (KVCOV, dog; <j>a\\6s, penis.) 
 
 Peridium oval, or oblong, becoming split at the apex into two or 
 three lobes. Receptacle hollow, cylindrical, or fusiform. Pileus 
 apical, adnate, covered on the outside with the mucilaginous gleba. 
 Basidia with 4-6, sessile, oblong, or cylindrical, pale yellowish spores. 
 Growing on the ground. 
 
 4. C. caninus (Huds.) Fr. Sow. Engl. Fung. t. 330, as Phallus in- 
 
 odorus. Caninus, pertaining to a dog. 
 
 Volva 1-2 cm., white, or yellowish, oval, or oblong, splitting into 
 two or three lobes at the apex, springing from a white, cord-like 
 mycelium at the base. Receptacle 6-9 x 1 cm., white, or rosy, sub- 
 fusiform, apex perforate or imperforate, hollow, cellular. Pileus red, 
 2 cm. long, adnate to the apex of the receptacle, acutely digitaliform, 
 covered at first with green mucus. Spores pale yellowish, oblong, 
 3-5 x 2/*. Smell slight. Amongst dead leaves, and on old stumps, 
 especially in mixed woods. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 5. C. bambusinus (Zoll.) Rea. Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanz. Fam. i**, 
 
 t. 142, figs. G I, as Mutinus bambusinus Zoll. 
 
 Bambusinus, pertaining to bamboos. 
 
 Receptacle 10-12 x 1 cm., bright red, or pinkish, the upper half 
 sporiferous and tapering into an acute point, purplish red, covered at 
 first with green mucus. Spores cylindrical, 4 x 1-5/n. Smell very 
 foetid. Probably introduced with plants from Java. Rare. 
 
 Phallus (Micheli) Pers. 
 
 (<aAA.o5, penis.) 
 
 Peridium globose, becoming torn into irregular lobes at the apex. 
 Receptacle hollow, cylindrical, or fusiform. Pileus reticulated, apical, 
 attached only by the apex, covered on the outside with the mucilaginous 
 gleba. Basidia with 4-8, sessile, oblong, pale yellowish spores. Grow- 
 ing on the ground. 
 
 6. P. impudicus (Linn.) Pers. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. figs. 213-214, 
 
 as Phallus foetidus. Impudicus, shameless. 
 
 Volva 3-5 cm., white, or yellowish, globose, then oval, splitting into 
 irregular lobes at the apex, springing at the base from dense masses 
 of white, cord-like mycelium. Receptacle white, cylindrical, attenu- 
 ated at both ends, 10-30 x 1-3 cm., cellular, hollow, perforate at the 
 apex. Pileus 3-5 cm. long, cylindrical, white, at first covered with 
 green mucus, attached at the apex to the receptacle by a narrow disc,
 
 24 PHALLUS. HYSTERANGIUM 
 
 reticulated externally. Spores pale yellowish, oblong, 3-5 x 2/u,. 
 Smell strong, very foetid. Woods, plantations, and gardens, especi- 
 ally under conifers. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. togatus (Kalchbr.) Cost. & Duf. Togatus, cloaked. 
 
 Differs from the type in having a white, reticulately pierced, pendant 
 veil, attached to the base of the pileus. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 var. iosmos (Berk.) Cke. Curt. Brit. Ent. x, t. 469. 
 
 tov, violet; 007x77, scent. 
 
 Differs from the type in its pale reddish grey colour, the strongly 
 toothed borders of the reticulations on the conical pileus and the sweet 
 smell of violets when fresh. Sandhills. Rare. 
 
 7. P. imperialis Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 40, fig. 1. 
 
 Imperialis, imperial. 
 
 Volva 2-5-7 cm., pink on the outside, white inside, pear-shaped, 
 splitting at the apex into several lobes, springing at the base from a 
 pinkish, or pale blue, cord-like mycelium. Receptacle white, slightly 
 pinkish at the extreme base, 10-25 x 2-3 cm., cylindrical, attenuated 
 at both ends, hollow, cellular. Pileus 3-5 cm. long, white, at first 
 covered with dark green mucus, campanulate, attached at the apex 
 by a broad, circular disc which often becomes yellowish and crenate, 
 reticulated on the outside. Spores hyaline, 3-4 x 1-5-2//,. Smell 
 pleasant, like that of Glycyrrhiza (Liquorice). Micaceous sandy soil. 
 Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 HYMENOGASTRINEAE. 
 
 Peridium globose, consisting of one layer, indehiscent. Gleba 
 formed of cells lined by the hymenium. Cystidia often present. 
 
 H YSTER ANGI ACE AE . 
 
 Gleba cells radially arranged on the sterile basal hyphae. Spores 
 olivaceous, oblong, or oblong elliptical. Subterranean. 
 
 Hysterangium Vitt. 
 
 (va-repa, the womb; dyyeiov, a vessel.) 
 
 Peridium globose, separating from the gleba at maturity. Gleba 
 cartilaginous, or mucilaginous, cells at first empty. Basidia some- 
 times bearing eight spores. Spores olivaceous, oblong, or oblong 
 elliptical. Subterranean.
 
 HYSTERANGITJM. HYMENOGASTER 25 
 
 8. H. nephriticum Berk. i>e<po9, the kidneys. 
 Pe. 1-2-5 cm., white, globose, or globoso-depressed, springing from 
 
 a much branched, white mycelium, tomentose, peridium rather thick, 
 elastic. Gleba pinkish, then pale blue, or grey, and finally greenish, 
 cells minute, radiating from the base, contracting into a very small 
 space when dried. Spores greenish olivaceous in the mass, drab colour 
 under the microscope, oblong elliptical, pointed at both ends, or blunt 
 at the one end, 10-12 x 4/z. Smell at first like that of Helianthus 
 tuberosus, then disagreeable. Gregarious, sometimes confluent. 
 Buried in the ground. Woods. May Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 9. H. Thwaitesii B. & Br. G. H. K. Thwaites. 
 
 Pe. 2 cm., white, becoming rufous when touched, subglobose, or 
 slightly irregular, slightly silky, peridium membranaceous. Gleba 
 brownish olive. Spores pale olive, oblong, apiculate, 25-30 x 7-9/x. 
 Buried in the ground. Woods. Aug. Oct. Rare. 
 
 H YMENOG ASTRACE AE . 
 
 Surface of peridium sometimes traversed by mycelial strands. 
 Gleba cells arising from the peridium, sometimes empty at first, 
 with, or without, a sterile base. Spores coloured, elliptical, fusiform, 
 globose, smooth, or echinulate. Subterranean or superficial. 
 
 Hymenogaster (Vitt.) Tul. 
 (vfirjv, a membrane; jacrrr^p, belly.) 
 
 Gleba cells empty at first, sterile base well-developed. Basidia 
 generally with two sterigmata. Spores coloured, elliptical to fusiform, 
 with a prominent papilla. Subterranean, or superficial. 
 
 10. H. Klotzscnii Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. 1. 10, fig. 12. J. F. Klotzsch. 
 Pe. H-5 cm., dirty white, obovate, or subglobose, adpressedly 
 
 tomentose, base fibrillose. Gleba pallid, becoming rufous ochre. 
 Spores pale brown, minutely tuberculose, broadly elliptic, ends 
 obtuse, 18-20 x 11-13/u,. Pot in greenhouse, and sandy soil. Dec. 
 Bare. 
 
 11. H. muticus Berk. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 10, fig. 7. 
 
 Muticus, curtailed. 
 
 Pe. 1-5-2-5 cm., white, then tinged with brown, globose, scarcely 
 lobed, at length much cracked. Gleba pale yellow-brown, cells loose, 
 small. Spores pale brown, obovate, oblong, very obtuse (figured by 
 Massee as apiculate at both ends), 18-21 x 10-12/x. Smell slight. 
 Under trees. Nov. Rare.
 
 26 HYMENOGASTER 
 
 12. H. luteus Vitt. Vitt. Mon. Tub. t. 3, fig. 9. Luteus, yellow. 
 Pe. 2-3 cm., white, then brownish, subglobose, soft, silky, peridium 
 
 very thin. Gleba bright yellow, cells small, flexuose. Spores yellowish., 
 oval, or elliptical, 24-28 x 10/x,. Smell pleasant, of "musk" Quel, 
 of "strawberry" Vitt., sometimes "powerfully foetid" Berk. Woods. 
 Sept. March. Not uncommon. 
 
 13. H. decorus Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 10, fig. 9. 
 
 Decor us, graceful. 
 
 Pe. 2-5-5 cm., dirty white, becoming yellowish in places, roundish. 
 Gleba lilac brown, then blackish, sterile base almost obsolete. Spores 
 ochraceous, then brown, rugulose, broadly elliptical, obtuse, or 
 obtusely apiculate, 24-28 x 13-15 /A; basidia long, slender, some- 
 times flexuose, monosporous rarely bisporous. Wood and tan pits. 
 Oct. Nov. Eare. 
 
 14. H. lycoperdineus Vitt. Vitt. Mon. Tub. t. 2, fig. 5. 
 
 Lycoperdon, a puff-ball. 
 
 Pe. 2-5 cm., white, then brownish, subglobose, somewhat deformed, 
 plicate at the base, smooth, silky. Gleba whitish, then fuliginous, 
 cells large, irregular. Spores "brownish yellow, oblong or elliptical, 
 somewhat uneven, 19-23 x 9-1 1/u," Kabenh. Smell strong, of onion. 
 Gregarious. In earth, and clay. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 15. H. vulgaris Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 10, fig. 13. 
 
 Vulgaris, common. 
 
 Pe. 2-3 cm., whitish, becoming discoloured, subglobose, regular, or 
 variously lobed, or sulcate, soft. Gleba dirty white, then dark brown, 
 cells rather large, irregular, sterile base minute. Spores blackish 
 brown, rugulose, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, acute, attenuated at 
 the base, 34-40 x 12-14/x. Gregarious, sometimes subcaespitose. 
 Underground. July Oct. Rare. 
 
 16. H. pallidus B. & Br. Pallidus, pale. 
 Pe. 6-12 mm., white, then dirty tan colour, round, depressed, nearly 
 
 smooth. Gleba white, then yellow and finally pale brown, sterile base 
 obsolete. Spores brown, rather rough, lanceolate, acute, shortly 
 pedicellate, 30-36 x 12-14/A. Underground, under firs. Oct. Rare. 
 
 17. H. citrinus Vitt. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 1, fig. 1; t. 10, fig. 3. 
 
 Citrinus, lemon yellow. 
 
 Pe. 2-4 cm., lemon, or golden yellow, then rufous black, rotundato- 
 gibbous, shining as if silky. Gleba lemon yellow, then brown, cells 
 small, tramal plates yellow. Spores reddish brown, rugulose, lanceo- 
 late, apiculate, 40 x 17-20/z. Smell cheesy. Underground. May 
 Dec. Uncommon.
 
 HYMENOGASTER. OCTAVIANIA 27 
 
 18. H. olivaceus Vitt. (= Hymenogaster populetorum Berk, sec 
 
 Massee.) Olivaceus, olive colour. 
 
 Pe. 24: cm., whitish, becoming rufescent when touched, angularly 
 globose, silky. Gleba whitish, then buff, and finally rufous olive, cells 
 fairly large. Spores brown, rarely slightly rugulose, broadly fusiform, 
 mucronate, pedicellate, 25-30 x 13-14/i. Smell like that of Lactarius 
 theiogalus. Underground in woods. May Nov. Common in the West 
 of England. 
 
 var. modestus B. & Br. Modestus, decent. 
 
 Differs from the type in its somewhat cheesy smell and in the pale 
 
 amber, narrowly fusiform, smooth spores, 25-26 x 8-10/x. Parks. Rare. 
 
 19. H. tener Berk. (= Hymenogaster lilacinus Berk. sec. Massee.) 
 
 Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 1, fig. 4; t. 10, fig. 1. Tener, soft. 
 
 Pe. 1-3 cm., white, at length dingy, globose, soft, silky, peridium 
 thin. Gleba white, then tinged with pink and finally greyish umber; 
 sterile base white, well developed. Spores ochraceous, verruculose, or 
 rugulose, broadly elliptical, apex papillate, 30 x 14-16/4. Smell like 
 that of Lactarius theiogalus. Underground in woods. Sept. Jan. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 20. H. Thwaitesii B. & Br. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 10, fig. 11. 
 
 G. H. K. Thwaites. 
 
 Pe. 1-1-5 cm., dirty white, here and there stained, globose, firm. 
 Gleba brown. Spores brown, rather rough, globose, apex minutely 
 papillate, 11-13/4. Underground. Rare. 
 
 21. H. griseus Vitt. Vitt. Mon. Tub. t. 3, fig. 15. Griseus, grey. 
 Pe. 6-12 mm., pale brown, at first covered with whitish down, globose, 
 
 or irregular. Gleba grey, becoming blackish, cells minute. Spores dark 
 umber brown, irregularly tuberculose, fusiform, 28-32 x 20/4. Smell 
 very pleasant, resembling that of Convallaria majalis. Amongst leaf 
 soil. Woods. Rare. 
 
 22. H. pusfflus B. & Br. Pusillus, very small. 
 Pe. 3-4 mm., white, yellowish brown when dry, and then like Sclero- 
 
 tium complanatum, obovate, or subdepressed, nearly smooth. Gleba 
 dirty white, cells large, sterile base large. Spores pallid rubiginous, at 
 length rough, broadly elliptic, apex papillate, 14-16 x 10/4; basidia 
 with two long sterigmata. Smell very slight. Mossy ground. Oct. 
 Rare. ^ 
 
 Octaviania Vitt. 
 (Dr Vincent Ottaviani.) 
 
 Peridium globose, oblong, or irregular, soft, fibrous. Gleba cells 
 arising from the peridium, empty at first, tramal plates splitting,
 
 28 OCTAVIANIA. HYDNANGItTM 
 
 becoming mucilaginous, with a distinct sterile base. Spores coloured, 
 globose, or broadly elliptical, echinulate, or verrucose. Subterranean, 
 or superficial. 
 
 23. 0. asterosperma Vitt. Boud. Icon. t. 191. 
 
 aa-rrjp, a star; <nrep/j,a, seed. 
 
 Pe. 1-3 cm., whitish, then greyish fuliginous, becoming greenish blue 
 when rubbed, or exposed to the air, subglobose or irregular, covered 
 with a tomentum that breaks up into floccose, flattened warts. Walls 
 of the rounded cavities of the gleba white, becoming greenish blue when 
 rubbed. Spores brownish purple in the mass, echinulate, globose, 
 15 18/A. Smell pleasant. Branches and leaves underground, or 
 partially exposed. Oct. Bare. 
 
 24. 0. Stephensii (Berk.) Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 21, fig. 6. 
 
 H. 0. Stephens. 
 
 Pe. 2-3 cm., rufous, irregular, oblong; base rugoso-plicate, cribrous, 
 furnished with a branched, fibrous root. Gleba white, yielding when 
 cut a white milky fluid, which becomes red when exposed to the air then 
 yellowish, cells minute. Spores pale brown, echinulate, globose, 
 11-14: p. Smell unpleasant, "like that of Lactarius theiogalus" Berk. 
 Underground, or half buried. Aug. Dec. Rare. 
 
 25. 0. compacta Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 11, fig. 3. 
 
 Compacta, dense. 
 
 Pe. 6-20 mm., white, globose, or irregular, minutely cottony, fur- 
 nished with a dense mass of white mycelium. Gleba pinkish, or 
 yellowish, cells minute, globose, or irregularly oblong. Spores pale 
 yellow, becoming brighter, very minutely verruculose, globose, 
 5 6 JJL. Gregarious. Underground, or half buried. Oct. Nov. Rare. 
 
 Hydnangium Wallr. 
 (vSvov, truffle; dyyeiov, a vessel.) 
 
 Peridium oblong, or roundish, not separable from the gleba. Gleba 
 cells arising from the peridium, empty at first, tramal plates not 
 splitting; sterile base absent. Basidia with 1^-sterigmata, cystidia 
 present. Spores ochraceous, globose, or elliptic-oblong, echinulate. 
 Subterranean, or superficial. 
 
 26. H. carotaecolor B. & Br. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 20, fig. 1. 
 
 Car ota, carrot; color, colour. 
 
 Pe. 1-5-3 cm., pale orange red, or carrot colour, staining paper lemon 
 colour, oblong, or roundish, rootless, rugulose, slightly tomentose. 
 Gleba orange, cells minute, irregular. Spores pale ochraceous, coarsely
 
 HYDNANGIUM. RHIZOPOGON 29 
 
 echinulate, elliptic-oblong, 12-15 x 9-10/z, with a large central gutta. 
 Often somewhat superficial. Woods and downs under trees. Aug. 
 Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 27. H. carneum Wallr. Boud. Icon. t. 192. Carneum, flesh colour. 
 Pe. 1-5-3 cm., flesh colour, subglobose, or irregular, slightly tomen- 
 
 tose, then smooth, and somewht marbled, attached at the base to the 
 soil. Gleba concolorous, cells small, irregular. Spores yellowish in the 
 mass, hyaline under the microscope, with long acute spines, globose, 
 13-18/t. Subterranean, or somewhat superficial. About the roots of 
 Eucalyptus. Oct. Dec. Rare. 
 
 Rhizopogon Fr. 
 
 (pia, root; Tr&xyo)!/, beard.) 
 
 Peridium globose, or oblong, covered on the surface with mycelial 
 strands. Gleba cells arising from the peridium, empty at first. Basidia 
 bearing 2-8 sessile spores. Spores coloured, oblong elliptical. Sub- 
 superficial. 
 
 28. R. rubescens Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 11, fig. 4; t. 2, fig. 1. 
 
 Rubescens, becoming red. 
 
 Pe. 2-6 cm., white, becoming reddish when exposed to the air, then 
 yellow or olive, ovate, or globose, silky, covered with numerous strands 
 of the mycelium which become reddish when touched. Gleba yellowish 
 then brownish, cells small, irregular. Spores pale ochraceous, oblong 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 3/u,, 1-3-guttulate ; basidia with 2-8-sterigmata. 
 Smell somewhat acid, then unpleasant. Somewhat superficial. Sandy 
 fir woods. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 29. R. luteolus Fr. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 1, fig. 5; t. 11, fig. 5. 
 
 Luteolus, yellowish. 
 
 Pe. 2-5 cm., whitish, becoming dirty yellow, then olive brown, globose, 
 or oblong ovate, clothed with numerous free, or adnate, mycelial 
 strands, peridium thick, subcoriaceous. Gleba olivaceous, tramal 
 plates whitish, cells minute, rounded. Spores olivaceous, oblong 
 elliptical, 6-7 x 3/z, 2-guttulate. Smell slight, then strong. Some- 
 what superficial. Sandy fir woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 LYCOPERDINEAE. 
 
 Peridium globose, or variously shaped, consisting of two or more 
 layers ; dehiscing by an apical aperture, or by the gradual falling away 
 of the upper peridial walls. Gleba consisting of cells lined by the 
 hymenium, finally breaking down into a powdery mass, consisting of 
 spores, and capillitium threads, attached to the endoperidial walls 
 or springing from a central columella, or entirely free with, or without, 
 a sterile base. Basidia bearing 4-8 sessile, or stipitate spores. Spores
 
 30 LYCOPERDON 
 
 coloured, smooth, verrucose, or echinulate, globose, subglobose, or 
 elliptical, sometimes with the sterigma remaining attached. Super- 
 ficial. 
 
 LYCOPERDACEAE. 
 
 Same characters as the suborder. 
 
 Lycoperdon (Tournef.) Pers. 
 (XVKOS, a wolf; "jrepBo/j^ai, I break wind.) 
 
 Peridium globose, or variously shaped; exoperidium pseudo- 
 parenchymatous, fleshy, or membranaceous, spinulose, warted, 
 granular, or smooth, fugacious; endoperidium membranaceous, or 
 papyraceous, thin, dehiscing by an apical aperture, or by the gradual 
 falling away of the upper portion. Gleba with, or without, a sterile 
 base. Capillitium threads long, branched, not consisting of a distinct 
 stem and branches, attached to the peridium or to a central columella. 
 Spores coloured, echinulate, verrucose, or smooth, globose, or ellip- 
 tical. Superficial. 
 I. Peridium dehiscing by the upper portion gradually falling away in 
 
 pieces. Capillitium very long, and much branched. Sterile base 
 
 persistent. 
 
 30. L. giganteum (Batsch) Pers. (= Lycoperdon Bovista (Linn.) Fr.) 
 
 Boud. Icon. t. 188-189, as Lycoperdon Bovista Linn. 
 
 7/ya9, giant. 
 
 Pe. 15-16 cm., white, then yellowish, or olivaceous, globose, or de- 
 pressed, oval, pumpkin-shaped, often more or less plicate at the base, 
 sessile, attached by a cord-like mycelium; exoperidium at first sub- 
 tomentose, then becoming smooth like a kid glove, fragile, ultimately 
 splitting up and falling away in pieces from the endoperidium, which 
 is also very thin, brittle and evanescent above. Gleba white, then 
 yellowish and finally olivaceous, compact. Sterile base very thin, or 
 almost absent. Spores olivaceous, or brownish, verrucose, globose, 
 sometimes pedicellate, 4-5 /LI. Capillitium brown, very long, branched, 
 septate, 3-5/u, in diam., persistent. Edible. Pastures, gardens and 
 roadsides. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 31. L. caelatum (Bull.) Fr. (= Lycoperdon favosum (Rostk.) Bonord.) 
 
 Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 20, fig. 7. Caelatum, engraved. 
 
 Pe. 7-12 cm., white, then ochraceous, and finally tinged brownish, 
 subglobose, oval or depressed, contracted below into a more or less 
 stem-like base with thick mycelium; exoperidium floccose, covered 
 with large, distant warts, and cracking into net-like areolae; warts 
 evanescent above, and separating in patches from the endoperidium; 
 endoperidium thick, fragile, thinner in the upper half and finally 
 falling away in pieces, leaving only the cup-like sterile base with its
 
 LYCOPERDON 31 
 
 diaphragm. Gleba white, then yellowish, and finally olivaceous, com- 
 pact. Sterile base, thick, persistent, forming nearly half the peridium, 
 separated from the fertile portion by a distinct, membranaceous dia- 
 phragm. Spores dark olivaceous, globose, rarely very shortly pedi- 
 cellate, 4 5/A. Capillitium yellowish, very long, flexuose, branched, 
 brittle, 6-7 /z in diam. Edible. Woods, heaths and pastures. May 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 32. L. saccatum (Vahl.) Fr. Krombh. Icon. t. 30, figs. 11-12. 
 
 <ra#/eo<?, a bag. 
 
 Pe. 7-18 cm. high, 3-12 cm. wide, whitish, or greyish, becoming 
 tinged brownish with age, clavate, or pestle-like, rounded above, 
 obtuse, plicato-lacunose below and continued into a long stem-like 
 base, 2-5-6 cm. wide, cylindrical, or subventricose, often scrobiculate, 
 exoperidium consisting of small fugacious, spinulose warts, and 
 granules which soon disappear from the upper portion the warts 
 split at the base and coalesce in a fine point at the apex; endo- 
 peridium concolorous, very thin, fragile, falling away in patches. 
 Gleba white, then yellow, and finally olivaceous, compact. Sterile base 
 reaching to the apex of the stem-like portion of the peridium, convex, 
 cellular, firm. Spores olivaceous, verrucose, globose, 4-5fi. Capil- 
 litium pale yellowish, very long, branched, 3-5/x. in diam. Edible. 
 Woods, heaths and pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 33. L. excipuliforme (Scop.) Pers. Fr. Sverig. Svamp. t. 73. 
 
 Excipula, a vessel ; forma, shape. 
 
 Pe. 5-13 cm. high, 411 cm. wide, greyish, becoming tinged with 
 yellow or brown, globose, often compressed, plicate on the underside 
 and continued into a short, or fairly long, stout, broad, stem-like 
 base; exoperidium consisting of long, delicate, floccose spines, 
 separate at their base but confluent at their apices, becoming smaller 
 downwards, wearing away with age and weathering; endoperidium 
 floccose, thick, firm, only gradually wearing away and disappearing 
 in the upper portion. Gleba white, then yellowish, and finally brown- 
 ish olivaceous. Sterile base whitish, becoming yellowish or greenish, 
 cellular, concave, extending to the apex of the stem-like base of the 
 peridium. Spores fuscous olivaceous, echinulate, globose, 3-5jU,. 
 Capillitium olivaceous, becoming hyaline, flexuose, rarely branched, 
 3-5/u, in diam. Edible. Woods and pastures. April Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. flavescens Quel. Flavescens, becoming yellowish. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, its club-shaped peridium 
 and its brighter yellow colour. Heaths and pastures. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 32 LYCOPERDON 
 
 II. Peridium deliiscing by an apical mouth, followed by the upper 
 portion falling away in pieces. Sterile base persistent, separated 
 from the gleba by a distinct diaphragm. 
 
 34. L. depression Bon. (= Lycoperdon hyemale (Pers.) Vitt. sec. 
 
 Hollos, Lycoperdon pratense Pers. sec. Lloyd.) Trans. Brit. 
 
 Myc. Soc. u, t. 9. Depressum, depressed. 
 
 Pe. 2-5 cm., yellowish white, then greyish yellow, and finally brownish, 
 obconic, at first rounded at both ends, then flattened on the top, often 
 compressed at the sides, more or less contracted at the base and 
 plicate ; exoperidium consisting of whitish spines united at the apex, 
 intermixed with minute, simple spines and furfuraceous granules, all 
 of which disappear with age and weathering; endoperidium con- 
 colorous, thin above, dehiscing by a well-defined apical mouth which 
 soon extends until the whole of the upper portion of the peridium 
 disappears. Gleba white, then yellowish, and finally fuscous olivace- 
 ous, separated from the sterile base by a distinct membranaceous dia- 
 phragm. Sterile base with large cells, often forming one half of the 
 peridium. Spores olivaceous, globose, 4/i. Capillitium colourless, 
 branched, flexuose, rough, 4 6/x, in diam. Heaths, pastures and hill- 
 sides. Aug. March. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 35. L. candidum Pers. (= Lycoperdon papillatum (Schaeff.) Hollos.) 
 
 Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 51, as Lycoperdon cruciatum. 
 
 Candidum, shining white. 
 
 Pe. 2-5 cm., white, then yellowish, and finally pale darkish brown, 
 globose, or usually depressed, often plicate beneath and continued 
 into a stem-like base attached to the white cord-like mycelium; exo- 
 peridium consisting of white, blunt cruciate spines which adhere to- 
 gether and peel off in patches', endoperidium yellowish, then pale 
 darkish brown, minutely furfuraceous, thin. Gleba olive, then dark 
 brown, with a distinct diaphragm separating it from the sterile base. 
 Sterile base with large cells, about a quarter to a third of the peridium, 
 rarely very small. Spores dark brown, globose, often pedicellate, 
 3-5-4/Lt. Capillitium coloured, sparingly branched, 5-7 p, in diam. 
 Pastures and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 III. Peridium dehiscing by an apical mouth. Sterile base not 
 separated from the gleba by a diaphragm. 
 A. Spores strongly echinulate or verrucose. 
 
 36. L. echinatum Pers. Holland, Champ, t. 110, no. 251. 
 
 e'^tz/09, a hedgehog. 
 
 Pe. 2-6 cm., white, then ochraceous and finally brown, obovate, or 
 subglobose, often compressed, sometimes rather attenuated at the 
 base, attached by a long, white, cord-like mycelium; exoperidium
 
 LYCOPERDON 33 
 
 consisting of long, conical warts, separate at the base and often 
 coalescent at their apices, white, then ochraceous, and finally brown- 
 ish, surrounded at the base of the warts by a ring of minute, mealy 
 warts ; the warts on the upper portion of the peridium disappear with 
 age and weathering and then the pale brown inner peridium presents 
 a net-like appearance from the persistent rings of darker brown, mealy 
 warts. Mouth simple, apical, torn. Gleba olivaceous, then violet, or 
 brownish purple, compact. Sterile base about one-third of the 
 peridium, sometimes very small, cellular. Spores purple umber, 
 echinulate, globose, 4-6/A. Capillitium purplish, much branched, 
 branches pointed, 3-4JU, in diam. Woods and plantations, especially 
 beech. March Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 37. L. Hoylei Berk. Hoyle. 
 
 Pe. 3-4 cm., brownish, subglobose, ovate, or subpyriform; exo- 
 peridium consisting of long, pyramidal warts, separate at the base, 
 coalescent at the apices, ochraceous at first, then brownish, at the 
 base of the larger warts surrounded by a ring of minute, dark brown 
 warts, that give a net-like appearance to the paler inner peridium 
 when the larger warts fall away. Mouth small, irregularly torn. Gleba 
 olivaceous, then purplish, compact. Sterile base, bright olive, compact. 
 Spores purple, verrucose, globose, 5/i. Capillitium yellowish, sparingly 
 branched, flexuose, uneven, 4-5 /z in diam. Amongst leaves in woods. 
 Oct. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 38. L. atropurpureum Vitt. Vitt. Mon. Lye. t. 2, fig. 6. 
 
 Ater, black; purpureum, purple. 
 
 Pe. 2-5-6 cm., greyish, or brownish, yellowish towards the base, sub- 
 globose, or pyriform, sessile, or attenuated into a stem-like base, 
 often plicate below, thin, soft, flexible; exoperidium consisting of 
 long, thin, brownish spines, often coalescent at their apices, becoming 
 shorter towards the base, brittle, falling away and exposing the 
 smooth, somewhat shining, light brown, or purplish endoperidium. 
 Mouth small, irregular. Gleba olivaceous, then brownish and finally 
 dark purple. Sterile base cellular, shallow, rarely reaching a third of 
 the peridium. Spores dark purple, strongly verrucose, globose, 
 sometimes pedicellate, 5-7 /A. Columella globose. Capillitium 
 branched, 4-6jii in diam. Oak woods and heaths. Sept. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 39. L. mnbrinum Pers. Pers. Icon. Pictae, t. 18, fig. 3. 
 
 Umbrinum, umber colour. 
 
 Pe. 2-5-5 cm., umber, obovate, or pear-shaped ; exoperidium densely 
 covered with long, brown, slender spines, that are generally con- 
 nivent by twos at their acute apices, simple at the base and -arising 
 
 3
 
 34 LYCOPERDON 
 
 from the pale brown endoperidium, somewhat brittle and deciduous. 
 Mouth small, round, or toothed, apical. Gleba dark umber in the 
 centre, paler towards the periphery and more lax. Sterile base oliva- 
 ceous, about one-third of the peridium. Spores reddish brown, 
 verrucose, globose, 4/z. Capillitium pale yellowish, branched, flexuose, 
 uneven, forming a small pseudo-columella. Woods and heaths. July 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 40. L. velatum Vitt. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 3. Velatum, veiled. 
 Pe. 3-6 cm., snow white, then flesh colour, and finally greyish, or 
 
 yellowish, subglobose, or pyriform, often slightly umbonate, attached 
 by a white cord-like mycelium at the base; exoperidium white, then 
 slightly yellowish, tomentose, breaking up into evanescent, star-shaped 
 rosettes and often forming a ring-like zone at the apex of the sterile 
 basal stratum, finally disappearing almost completely ; endoperidium 
 concolorous, furfuraceous, minutely spinulose. Mouth small, apical, 
 irregular. Gleba white, then fulvous, and finally ash colour, or 
 purplish. Sterile base whitish, cellular, reaching to the apex of the 
 stem-like portion of the peridium. Spores yellow, obtusely verrucose, 
 globose, 4-5/i. Capillitium yellow, with darker walls, 3-4/u, in diam. 
 Woods and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 B. Spores smooth or only minutely verrucose, or punctate. 
 *Sterile base with large cells. 
 
 41. L. perlatum Pers. (= Lycoperdon gemmatum Auct. pi.) Holland, 
 Champ, t. 109, no. 247, as Lycoperdon gemmatum. 
 
 Perlatum, very wide-spread. 
 
 Pe. 2-5-5 cm., snow white, then yellowish, and finally brownish, especi- 
 ally above, turbinate, or subglobose with an elongated, cylindrical 
 stem-like base, rarely subglobose, or depressed and nearly sessile, 
 always umbonate, generally plicate and lacunose below, and attached, 
 often in pairs, to a white, cord-like mycelium; exoperidium consist- 
 ing of acute, or obtuse spines, each surrounded by a ring of smaller, 
 obtuse warts, which give a net-like appearance to the endoperidium 
 when the large spines are rubbed off or fall away. Mouth small, at 
 the apex of the umbo. Gleba white, then greenish yellow, and finally 
 olivaceous. Sterile base convex, cellular, reaching to the apex of the 
 stem-like base. Spores olivaceous, smooth, or minutely punctate, 
 globose, 4/x. Columella prominent, elliptical, loose. Capillitium 
 olivaceous, simple, sparingly branched, 3-6/x in diam. Woods and 
 pastures. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lacunosum (Bull.). Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 52. 
 
 Lacunosum, full of hollows. 
 
 Differs from the type in the lacunose, scrobiculate, depressed pits on 
 the stem-like base of the peridium. Heaths. Oct. Uncommon.
 
 LYCOPERDON 35 
 
 42. L. molle Pers. Molle, soft. 
 
 Pe. 1-3 cm., white, then yellowish, or tan colour, turbinate, or globose, 
 depressed above, and abruptly attenuated into a short, thick, stem- 
 like base, and attached by a white, fibrous mycelium; exoperidium 
 consisting of fugacious, furfuraceous spines and granules; endo- 
 peridium olive brown, thin, papyraceous, collapsing, shining. Mouth 
 small, irregular. G-leba greenish yellow, then brownish olivaceous. 
 Sterile base paler, cellular, one-third of the peridium. Spores 
 ochraceous olive, very minutely warted, globose, often shortly pedi- 
 cellate, 3-4/i. Capillitium yellow, branched, 4-6/u, in diam. Woods, 
 especially oak. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 43. L. nigrescens Pers. Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 123. 
 
 Nigrescens, becoming black. 
 
 Pe. 3-5 cm. high and wide, brown, subglobose, depressed above, 
 attenuated downwards into a stem-like base; exoperidium con- 
 sisting of long, stiff, brown spines, connivent at their apices and 
 surrounded by a circle of minute, brown warts, or granules, which, 
 when the larger spines fall away, give a net-like appearance to 
 the endoperidium ; endoperidium paler, thin, smooth. Gleba olive 
 umber, somewhat lax. Sterile base of large cells, filling the stem- 
 like portion of the peridium. Spores olivaceous umber, globose, 
 very minutely verrucose, with caducous pedicels 4-5 p. Capillitium 
 olivaceous, rarely branched, 4 6/^t in diam. Woods. Sept. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 44. L. pyriforme (Schaeff.) Pers. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 304. 
 
 Pyrus, pear;/orma, shape. 
 
 Pe. 2-5-10 cm. high, 1-3 cm. wide, white, grey, or brownish, pyri- 
 form, or subglobose, subumbonate, attached at the base by long, 
 white, cord-like mycelial strands, thin, flaccid; exoperidium con- 
 sisting of minute, fugacious, pointed spines and granules; endo- 
 peridium concolorous, smooth. Mouth small, apical, torn. Gleba 
 white, then greenish yellow, and finally brownish. Sterile base white, 
 becoming discoloured, of rather small cells, forming the stem-like 
 portion of the peridium. Spores olivaceous, globose, 4//,. Columella 
 distinct, subglobose. Capillitium olivaceous, branched, long, 4-5 //, in 
 diam. Generally caespitose. Stumps, logs and buried debris of wood. 
 May Feb. Common, (v.v,) 
 
 var. serotinum (Bon.) Hollos. Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 50, 
 figs. 1-2, as Lycoperdon serotinum. Serotinum, late. 
 
 Differs from the type in the peridium becoming broken up into 
 areolae. Stumps and logs. Oct. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 32
 
 36 LYCOPERDON 
 
 var. excipuliforme Desmaz. Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 49, as 
 
 Lycoperdon Desmazieres. Excipula, a vessel ; forma, shape. 
 
 Differs from the type in the peridium being contracted abruptly into 
 
 a long, slender stem. Stumps and logs. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon. 
 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. tessellatum Pers. Lloyd, The Lycop. Unit. St. t. 50, figs. 3-6. 
 
 Tessellatum, checkered. 
 
 Differs from the type in the reddish brown exoperidium becoming 
 broken up into indurated areolae. Stumps. Oct. Nov. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 45. L. spadiceum Pers. (= Lycoperdon Cookei Massee sec. Hollos.) 
 
 Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 54. 
 
 Spadiceum, date brown. 
 
 Pe. 1-2 cm., bluish grey, soon yellowish, and finally light brown, 
 obovate and flattened below, or globose, abruptly contracted into a 
 stem-like base, and somewhat pear-shaped, whitish, becoming yellowish 
 towards the base ; exoperidium consisting of minute, nodular, granular 
 or subfurfuraceous spines; endoperidium concolorous, thin, often 
 covered with lime granules. Mouth apical, small, irregular. Gleba 
 olive, then brown. Sterile base whitish, then yellowish, and finally 
 umber brown, fairly large celled, convex, reaching to a third of the 
 peridium. Spores yellow, then olivaceous, globose, sometimes pedi- 
 cellate, 4/A. Capillitium yellowish, simple, rarely branched, 4-6/i in 
 diam. Gregarious. Sandy soil on heaths and lawns. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Sterile base with minute cells. 
 
 46. L. polymorphum Vitt. (= Lycoperdon furfuraceum (Schaeff.) 
 
 Sacc.) Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 34 and 52. 
 
 7ToA.u9, many; popfyr], shape. 
 
 Pe. -5-3 cm., white, then dirty yellow, or greyish brown, and finally 
 yellowish brown, somewhat reddish at the base when quite mature, round, 
 often depressed, sometimes pear-shaped, or attenuated into a stem- 
 like short base, thin, membranaceous ; exoperidium consisting of 
 minute, fugacious, furfuraceous spines and granules; endoperidium 
 thin, smooth and shining. Mouth apical, small, becoming torn. Gleba 
 yellowish, then olivaceous brown. Sterile base, very compact, con- 
 sisting of cells only perceptible under a lens, concolorous, reaching 
 to the apex of the stem-like base of the peridium. Spores yellowish, 
 very minutely warted, globose, sometimes with a wart-like basal 
 apiculus the remains of the sterigma, 3-4/1,. Capillitium yellowish, 
 or yellowish brown, branched, 4-6 /u, in diam. Sandy pastures and 
 heaths. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 LYCOPERDON. BOVISTELLA 37 
 
 var. cepaeforme (Bull.) Lloyd. Morgan, N. Amer. Fung, in Journ. 
 Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist, xiv, t. 2, fig. 9. 
 
 Cepa, onion', forma, shape. 
 
 Differs from the type in its constant subglobose shape, and in the 
 very scanty sterile base. Sandy soil on heaths. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 ***Sterile base absent. 
 
 47. L. pusillum (Batsch) Pers. Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. 
 
 t. 53, figs. 9-11. Pusillum, very small. 
 
 Pe. 9-20 mm., white, then yellowish, globose, attenuated at the base 
 into a tapering root ending in the white mycelial strands, membra- 
 naceous, flaccid; exoperidium consisting of minute, adpressed, 
 fugacious, mealy squamules; endoperidium smooth, shining, thin. 
 Mouth apical, small, irregular. Gleba white, then yellowish, or 
 greenish yellow, and finally brownish olivaceous. Sterile base absent. 
 Spores olivaceous ochre, very minutely warted, globose, sometimes 
 pedicellate, 3-5-4 /A. Capillitium yellow, much branched, tapering at 
 the ends, S-5-4//, in diam. Sandy soil on heaths. Sept. Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Bovistella Morgan. 
 
 (Diminutive of Bovista, a puff-ball.) 
 
 Peridium subglobose; exoperidium thick, or thin, floccose, or 
 smooth, fugacious; endoperidium membranaceous, thin, dehiscing 
 by an apical aperture. Gleba with a well-developed sterile base. Capil- 
 litium threads free, consisting of a thick stem, and dichotomous, pointed 
 branches. Spores coloured, globose, or oval, smooth, pedicellate. 
 Superficial. 
 
 48. B. paludosa (Lev.) Lloyd. (= Bovista paludosa Lev.) Trans. Brit. 
 
 Myc. Soc. in, t. 8. Paludosa, of marshes. 
 
 Pe. 3 cm. high and wide, pale yellow, tinged with reddish brown, 
 subglobose, plicate below and abruptly attenuated into a well-de- 
 veloped stem-like base; exoperidium pale ochraceous (like a coat of 
 whitewash), gradually disappearing, very thin; endoperidium con- 
 color ous, becoming somewhat brownish with age, thin, flexible. Mouth 
 apical, minute. Gleba dark olive. Sterile base well developed, reaching 
 to the apex of the stem-like portion of the peridium. Spores olive, 
 globose, 4-5ju,, with long, hyaline, slender pedicels 9-10/A long. 
 Capillitium yellowish, thick walls deeper coloured, consisting of 
 separate, branched threads tapering to a point; branches 3-4 /A in 
 diam., main stem 9-12ju, in diam. Moors. Aug. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 49791
 
 38 BOVISTELLA. BOVISTA 
 
 49. B. ammophila (Lev.) Lloyd. (= Bovista ammophila Lev.) Lloyd, 
 
 Myc. Writings, n, t. 87, figs. 5-6 1 . a/i/i09, sand; (1X09, loving. 
 
 Pe. 3 cm., whitish, then pallid, broadly obovate, plicate below and 
 attenuated into a long, slender, taproot-like base, thin, brittle, rigid, 
 hard; exoperidium whitish broken up into tomentose warts; endo- 
 peridium pallid, thin. Mouth small, apical, irregularly torn. Gleba 
 dark brown. Sterile base of large cells, very firm, rigid, about one- 
 third of the peridium. Spores olive in the mass, pale under the micro- 
 scope, oval, 4-5/Lt with slender, tapering pedicels. Capillitium olive, 
 thick walled, consisting of separate, short, branched threads. Sandy 
 places. Sept. Rare. 
 
 Bovista (Dill.) Morgan. 
 (Bofist, a puff-ball.) 
 
 Peridium subglobose; exoperidium fleshy, smooth, fugacious, 
 sometimes persistent at the base; endoperidium membranaceous, 
 becoming papyraceous, thin, soft, dehiscing by an apical aperture, 
 or opening irregularly. Gleba without a sterile base. Capillitium 
 threads free, consisting of a thick stem, and dichotomous, long pointed 
 branches. Spores coloured, globose, oval, or elliptical, smooth, pedi- 
 cellate. Superficial. 
 
 50. B. nigrescens Pers. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 20, fig. 5. 
 
 Nigrescens, becoming black. 
 
 Pe. 2-5-6 cm., whitish, then pale dark brown, or umber brown, and 
 finally blackish umber, globose; exoperidium whitish, papyraceous, 
 soon breaking away; endoperidium concolorous, thin, tough, shining, 
 smooth. Mouth apical, irregular, torn. Gleba white, then ochraceous, 
 or olivaceous, and finally purple, soft, loose. Spores umber purple, 
 globose, or slightly oval, 5-6/z, with long, hyaline pedicels. Capil- 
 litium dark brown, thick walled, bent, branched, branches pointed 
 at the ends, 12-18/x in diam. Pastures and heaths. Jan. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 51. B. plombea Fr. (= Bovista ammophila Lev. ex Massee in Journ. 
 
 of Bot. (1883), 133.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 20, fig. 6. 
 
 Plumbea, lead colour. 
 
 Pe. 1-3 cm., whitish, then lead colour, globose, or depressed ; exo- 
 peridium white, thin, smooth, soon peeling off, sometimes leaving a 
 persistent portion near the base; endoperidium lead colour, thin, 
 tough, opaque. Mouth apical, round, oval, or irregular. Gleba white, 
 then ochraceous, or olive, and finally purplish brown, soft, loose. 
 
 1 Lloyd states, l.c. n, 262, that the British record rests on an erroneous 
 determination.
 
 
 BOVISTA. MYRIOSTOMA 39 
 
 Spores brown, subglobose, or oval, 6-7 x 5-6/i, with long, hyaline 
 pedicels. Capillitium brown, thick walled, branched, branches pointed 
 at the ends, 12-16/z in diam. Pastures and heaths. Jan. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 52. B. olivacea Cke. & Massee. Olivacea, olive colour. 
 Pe. 3-5 cm., white, or ochraceous, globose; exoperidium very thin, 
 
 fugacious; endoperidium concolorous, thick, soft, becoming brittle 
 and breaking away in patches upwards. Gleba citron, then olive, 
 dense.' Spores pale yellow, globose, 5/z, sometimes pedicellate. 
 Capillitium pale, thin, flaccid. Pastures. Sept. Rare. 
 
 53. B. ovalispora Cke. & Massee. Ovalis, oval; a-Tropd, seed. 
 Pe. 5-6 cm., whitish, or ochraceous, subglobose ; exoperidium break- 
 ing away in patches above, subpersistent towards the base; endo- 
 peridium dull lead colour, thin, flaccid, smooth. Mouth apical, 
 irregular. Gleba umber. Spores brownish umber, with a narrow 
 hyaline border, elliptical, 6 x 4 5/*, with long, stout, hyaline pedicels. 
 Capillitium umber, thick walled, much and vaguely branched, taper- 
 ing to long slender tips, 12-16/A in diam. Lawns. Rare. 
 
 Myriostoma Desv. 
 
 (livpios, countless; ar6/j,a, mouth.) 
 
 Peridium subglobose; exoperidium consisting of two layers, a 
 fibrous, or mycelial layer, and a pseudo-parenchymatous layer, thick, 
 fleshy-coriaceous, splitting at maturity from the apex downwards into 
 several star-like lobes which become refiexed; endoperidium membra- 
 naceous, then papyraceous, thin, supported on several short stems, 
 dehiscing by many apertures, or mouths. Capillitium threads simple, 
 rarely branched, tapering at the end. Spores coloured, minutely 
 verrucose, globose. Superficial. 
 
 54. M. coliforme (Dicks.) Cda. (= Geastrum coliforme (Dicks.) Pers.) 
 
 Dicks. PL Crypt. Brit. t. 3, fig. 4, as Lycoperdon coliforme. 
 
 Colum, a strainer ; forma, shape. 
 
 Exoperidium 7-10 cm., ochraceous, round, covered with large, 
 angular dark brown scales, splitting into 4-7 sharp pointed lobes, 
 divided almost up to the middle, reflexed, seldom inflexed; endo- 
 peridia lead colour, or brownish, round, compressed, with a silvery 
 sheen, minutely warted, supported on numerous, slender, angular, 
 or cylindrical, sometimes branched pedicels, mouths numerous, cili- 
 ated. Spores umber brown, verrucose, globose, 4-6/M. Columellas 
 numerous, filamentous, branched, or unbranched. Capillitium pale 
 brown, simple, flexuose, thick walled, pointed at the ends, rarely 
 branched, 3-4jU in diam. Sandy soil. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
 
 40 GEASTER 
 
 Geaster (Micheli) Fr. 
 (yfj, earth; da-rijp, star.) 
 
 Peridium subglobose, rarely ovate acuminate; exoperidium con- 
 sisting of two layers, a fibrous, or mycelial layer, and a pseudo- 
 parenchymatous layer, thick, fleshy-coriaceous, at first closely in- 
 vesting the endoperidium but distinct splitting at maturity from the 
 apex downwards into several, star-like lobes, which often become re- 
 flexed; endoperidium membranaceous, then papyraceous, thin, 
 shortly stipitate, or sessile, dehiscing by a single aperture or mouth. 
 Capillitium threads simple, long, slender, tapering at each end, 
 attached to the peridium, or a central columella, the other end free. 
 Basidia bearing 4-8 spores. Spores coloured, minutely verrucose, 
 globose. Half buried at first, then superficial. 
 
 I. Exoperidium not splitting up into two portions when expanded. 
 *Peristome sulcate. 
 f Endoperidium stipitate. 
 
 55. G. Bryantii Berk. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 18. 
 
 Charles Bryant. 
 
 Exoperidium 2-6 cm., snow white, then pale ochraceous, and brown- 
 ish, globose, coriaceous, splitting up into 8-10 unequal, acute lobes, 
 divided almost to the middle, expanded, then recurved, brownish 
 inside, fleshy, then cracked, the collenchyma layer finally disappear- 
 ing with the exception of a circular ring at the base of the stem; 
 endoperidium -5-2 cm., snow white, then ochraceous, becoming blackish 
 blue when weathered, mealy, then smooth, subglobose, or pear-shaped, 
 compressed above, pedicellate, with a distinct, permanent groove round 
 the apex of the stem. Peristome long, conical, deeply furrowed, stria te. 
 Stem 5-10 x 2 mm., whitish, or brownish, cylindrical, or compressed, 
 slightly enlarged at the apex. Spores fuscous, obtusely warted, 
 globose, 4-5/A. Columella globose, broad at the base. Capillitium 
 brownish, subfusiform, or subcylindrical, rarely slightly branched 
 towards the ends, 4-6 //, in diam. Amongst leaves in woods and hedge- 
 rows. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. minor Berk. Minor, smaller. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size. 
 
 56. G. pectinatus (Pers.) Lloyd. (= Geaster Schmideli Vitt.) Lloyd, 
 
 The Geastrae, figs. 19-22. Pectinatus, with teeth like a comb. 
 
 Exoperidium 3-6 cm., white, then ochraceous, globose, splitting up 
 
 into 5-10, subequal, acute lobes, divided up to about the middle, 
 
 revolute, whitish, or ochraceous inside, fleshy, the flesh cracking and
 
 GEASTER 41 
 
 falling away; endoperidium 1-2-5 cm., brown, or lead colour, sub- 
 globose, mealy, attenuated into the stem and striate at the base. 
 Peristome prominent, long, conical, deeply sulcate, apex fimbriate. 
 Stem 6-8 x 2-3 mm., whitish, or concolorous, cylindrical. Spores 
 blackish umber, verrucose, globose, 4-6/u,. Columella thick, half as 
 high as the endoperidium. Capillitium brown, fusiform, simple, 47 p, 
 in diam. Pine woods and under conifers. Rare. 
 
 57. G. Berkeley! Massee. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 18, as Geaster 
 
 asper Lloyd. 
 
 Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of British mycology. 
 Exoperidium 6-9 cm., ochraceous, then brownish, globose, splitting 
 up into 7-9, unequal, acute lobes, divided to the middle, expanded, 
 then slightly recurved, hard, firm, brown inside, becoming slightly 
 cracked, even; endoperidium 2-3 cm., brown, becoming paler, broadly 
 ovate, coarsely papillose, or granular, pedicellate. Peristome long, 
 prominent, conical, sulcato-striate, surrounded by a smooth, depressed, 
 silky zone. Stem 3-5 x 6-8 mm., pale, compressed. Spores umber, 
 acutely warted, globose, 5-6 /A. Columella globose, short. Capillitium 
 brown, cylindrical, 9-lOju, in diam. Under trees and amongst fir 
 leaves. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 ffEndoperidium sessile. 
 
 58. G. umbilicatus Fr. (= Geaster striatus DC. ex W. G. Smith, 
 
 Grevillea, n, t. 16, fig. 1, sec. Hollos, Geaster Smithii Lloyd.) 
 
 Umbilicatus, having a navel. 
 
 Exoperidium 2-4 cm., whitish, or tan colour, then brown, globose, 
 splitting into 412, unequal lobes, divided almost to the middle, con- 
 vex at the base and reflexed, the tips incurved when dry, the outer 
 mycelial layer thin, usually adnate with adhering sand, the inner fleshy 
 layer brownish, adnate, thin when dry; endoperidium 5-15 mm., 
 whitish grey, opaque, roundish, or oval, sessile, appearing slightly 
 pedicellate when dried. Peristome flattened (or when old conical), 
 seated on a depressed area, regularly sulcato-striate. Spores blackish 
 fuscous, slightly verrucose, apiculate, globose, 4-6/z. Capillitium 
 4-6/x in diam. Sandy places and coniferous woods. Nov. Rare. 
 
 **Peristome not sulcate. 
 fEndoperidium stipitate. 
 
 59. G. limbatus Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 18. 
 
 Limbatus, fringed. 
 
 Exoperidium 3-5-9 cm., blackish, or dark brown, globose, splitting 
 into 7-10, unequal, acute lobes, divided nearly to the middle, ex- 
 panded, or recurved, leathery, flexible, fibrillose, dark brown, or grey
 
 42 GEASTER 
 
 inside, fleshy, smooth or cracked; endoperidium 1-3 cm., grey, some- 
 times light or dark brown, globose, or subpyriform, compressed, some- 
 times swollen at the base near the apex of the stem. Peristome 
 depressed, conical, subacute, fimbriato-ciliate, often surrounded by 
 a pale silky circle. Stem 3-5 x 4-10 mm., concolorous, or paler, com- 
 pressed. Spores blackish purple, acutely warted, globose, 4 5ju. 
 Columella almost wanting. Capillitium brownish, fusiform, 5-7 /JL in 
 diam. Woods, hedgebanks, amongst firs and leaves. Sept. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 tfEndoperidium sessile. 
 
 (a) Exoperidium strongly incurved when dry. 
 
 60. G. mammosus Chev. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 401, as Lycoperdon 
 
 recolligens. Mammosus, full-breasted. 
 
 Exoperidium 2-5-5 cm., ochraceous, variegated with white, or silvery 
 white, globose, splitting into 7-10, acute, somewhat narrow lobes, 
 divided nearly to the base, very hygroscopic, strongly inrolled when dry, 
 often umbilicate at the base; chestnut brown inside, smooth; endo- 
 peridium 815 mm., yellowish, or light brown, globose, sessile, smooth. 
 Peristome conical, acute, fimbriato-ciliate, surrounded by a pale 
 narrow silky circle. Spores dark brown, verrucose, globose, 3-6yu<. 
 Columella dark brown with a purplish tinge, short, cylindrical, conical, 
 broad at the base. Capillitium hyaline, simple, cylindrical, blunt at 
 the ends, 4-6/i in diam. Sandy woods and fields. Feb. Dec. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 G. hygrometricus Pers. = Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan. 
 (b) Exoperidium not incurved when dry. 
 a. Unexpanded plants globose. 
 
 61. G. fimbriatus Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 19. 
 
 Fimbriatus, fringed. 
 
 Exoperidium 2-5-6 cm., yellowish, globose, splitting into 5-15, 
 unequal, pointed lobes, divided to the middle or a little deeper, 
 and strongly recurved below forming a convex cushion at the base 
 of the sessile endoperidium, outer layer membranaceous, deep ochra- 
 ceous inside, fleshy, soon cracked, and often peeling off; endoperidium 
 1-2 cm., concolorous, globose, sessile, smooth. Mouth indeterminate, 
 piloso-fimbriate. Spores blackish umber, minutely verrucose, globose, 
 3-4/z. Columella obovate, slender. Capillitium yellowish brown, 
 simple, cylindrical, 3-6/Lt. in diam. Coniferous and beech woods, and 
 on heaths. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 62. G. saccatus Fr. Grevillea, 11, t. 20. craWo?, a bag. 
 Exoperidium 2-5 cm., yellowish, globose, splitting into 6-9, thin, 
 
 equal, acute lobes, divided to the middle, deeply saccate at the base,
 
 GEASTEB 43 
 
 recurved, becoming incurved when dry, soft, flaccid, densely floccose 
 outside, becoming smooth; inside fleshy layer thin, adnate; endo- 
 peridium 1-1-5 cm., yellowish, globose, sessile, smooth. Mouth acute, 
 silky, surrounded by a broad, depressed zone. Spores minutely verru- 
 cose, globose, 3-4/A. Capillitium light brown, 45/i in diam. Sandy 
 ground in hedgerows. Aug. Rare. 
 
 /3. Unexpanded plants ovate acuminate. 
 
 63. G. lageniformis Vitt. Grevillea, n, t. 14, fig. 1. 
 
 \dyrjvos, a flagon ; forma, shape. 
 
 Exoperidium 4-8 cm., yellowish, ovate acuminate, splitting into 
 6-9, very long, pointed, nearly equal lobes, divided beyond the 
 middle, usually saccate but also recurved, with whitish mycelial 
 strands at the base, the mycelial layer closely adnate, often separating 
 and splitting into parallel lines; ochraceous inside, becoming brown, 
 fleshy layer soft, disappearing; endoperidium 1-2-5 cm., ochraceous, 
 or brownish, subglobose, sessile, soft, membranaceous. Mouth piano- 
 conic, silky, striate, surrounded by an orbicular silky zone. Spores 
 yellowish brown, minutely verrucose, globose, 3-4/i. Columella 
 small, clavate. Capillitium pale brownish, fusiform, simple, or slightly 
 branched towards the ends, 6-8/z in diam. Sandy soil. Woods 
 and hedgerows. April Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 64. G. triplex Jungh. (= Geaster Michelianus W. G. Sm.) Lloyd, 
 
 The Geastrae, figs. 47-49. Triplex, three-fold. 
 
 Exoperidium 510 cm., brownish olivaceous, ovate-acuminate, split- 
 ting into 4-7, subequal, broad, acute lobes, divided to the middle, 
 often much cracked up into areolae on the outside', brownish inside, 
 fleshy layer very thick, cracking and peeling off with the exception 
 of a disc-like portion which forms a cup at the base of the endoperidium ; 
 endoperidium 1-5-3-5 cm., pale brownish, subglobose, compressed, 
 sessile, membranaceous. Mouth paler, broadly conical, fibrillose. 
 Spores brown, verrucose, globose, 4-5/x,. Columella pale brown, 
 clavate, long. Capillitium light brown, simple, fusiform, 6-7 //, in 
 diam. Woods and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 tttEndoperidium sessile, or substipitate. 
 
 65. G. rufescens Pers. Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 19. 
 
 Rufescens, becoming reddish. 
 
 Exoperidium 4-8 cm., yellowish, globose, splitting into 6-10, broad, 
 acute lobes, divided to the middle or beyond, expanded, then re- 
 curved, rigid, thick, firm; ochraceous inside, becoming rufescent, fleshy 
 layer thick, soon cracking, and often peeling off; endoperidium 
 1-5-3 cm., yellowish, or pale brownish, globose, or subovate, sessile 
 or substipitate. Mouth fibrillose, indefinite, frequently torn. Spores
 
 44 GEASTER 
 
 brownish olivaceous, echinulate, globose, 4//,. Columella brownish 
 olivaceous, short, globose. Capillitium olivaceous, fusiform, simple, 
 6-7 /it in diam. Woods and pastures. May Dec. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. minor Pers. Minor, smaller. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size. Woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 II. Exoperidium splitting up into two portions, the lower 
 portion forming a hollow sphere at the base. 
 
 66. G. coronatus (Schaeff.) Lloyd. Lloyd, The Geastrae, figs. 58-61. 
 
 Coronatus, crowned. 
 
 Exoperidium 2-5-5 cm., yellowish, then brown, globose, splitting up 
 into four rarely more, equal, pointed lobes, divided nearly to the 
 middle, lobes attached by their apex nearly perpendicularly to the 
 mycelial layer which remains in the ground and forms a hollow cup, 
 brown inside, fleshy layer becoming cracked and finally peeling off; 
 endoperidium 4-10 mm., bluish grey, sometimes whitish, or brownish, 
 oval, oblong, or pear-shaped, with an apophysis above its attachment 
 to the stem, apex pale yellow with a sharply defined zone bordering 
 the base of the fibrous, projecting peristome, surface often rough with 
 white crystals. Stem 2-3 x 2-6 mm., whitish, often compressed. 
 Spores brown, verrucose, globose, 4-5 /x. Columella brown with a 
 purplish tinge, slender, elliptical. Capillitium brown, cylindrical, 
 5-7 [A in diam. Densely gregarious. Amongst coniferous needles. 
 Sept. Oct. Locally common, (v.v.) 
 
 67. G. fornicatus (Huds.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 17. 
 
 Fornicatus, arched. 
 
 Exoperidium 4-9 cm., yellowish, globose, both the outer and the inner 
 layers splitting up into 4-5 lobes, the outer layer remaining sunk in 
 the ground and forming a hollow cup, whilst the inner lobes, divided 
 beyond the middle, stand perpendicularly (erect) on the end of the 
 lobes attached to the tips of the outer layer, hard, leathery, thick, 
 dark brown inside, the fleshy layer cracking and peeling off in places ; 
 endoperidium 1-5-3-5 cm., rust colour, or dark brown, globose, de- 
 pressed, or urn-shaped, with a ring-like apophysis above its attach- 
 ment to the stem, somewhat downy. Peristome conical, then tubular, 
 scarcely furrowed, ciliate. Stem 2-5 x 4-15 mm., whitish, cylindrical, 
 often compressed. Spores purplish, echinulate. globose, 3-4jLt. Colu- 
 mella brown tinged with purple, slender, clavate. Capillitium brown, 
 fusiform, 10-1 2/u, in diam. Meadows, pastures, heaths and amongst 
 firs. March Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 NIDTJLARIA 45 
 
 NIDULARIINEAE. 
 
 Peridium campanulate, cylindrical, or cup-shaped, consisting of 
 one to three layers, inclosing several peridiola, and sometimes covered 
 at the apex by a membranaceous epiphragm. Peridiola lenticular, 
 attached, or not, to the peridium by a funiculus, consisting of two 
 layers and lined on the inside with the basidia and paraphyses. 
 Basidia bearing 2-4 stipitate, or sessile spores. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, oval, or subglobose, smooth. Growing on dead wood and twigs, 
 more rarely on the ground. 
 
 NlDULARIACEAE. 
 
 Same characters as the suborder. 
 
 Nidularia (Fr.) Tul. 
 (Nidulus, a little nest.) 
 
 Peridium subglobose, sessile, consisting of a single layer, without an 
 epiphragm, dehiscing irregularly, or in a circumscissile manner, by 
 the rupture of the upper portion. Peridiola lenticular, biconvex, or 
 compressed, numerous, without a funiculus at maturity, and involved 
 in mucus. Spores white, elliptical, or subglobose, smooth. Growing 
 on the ground, wood, or leaves. 
 
 68. N. pisiformis (Roth) Tul. Massee, Mon. Brit. Gastromyc. t. 37. 
 
 Pisum, pea,; forma, shape. 
 
 Pe. 4-10 mm., whitish, then cinnamon, or brownish, subglobose, 
 seated on a broad base, sessile, minutely tomentose, dehiscing in a 
 circumscissile manner. Peridiola brown, 2 mm, across, subrotund, 
 biconvex, shining. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 
 7-8 x 6-7 IJL. Cystidia "large, fusiform" Massee. Gregarious, or 
 solitary. Dead branches. May Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. Broomei Massee. C. E. Broome, the eminent mycologist. 
 
 Differs from the type in the narrowly elliptical spores, with a thick 
 hyaline epispore. Pine wood. Rare. 
 
 69. N. Berkeleyii Massee. (= Nidularia pisiformis (Roth) Tul. sec. 
 
 Lloyd.) Massee, Mon. Brit. Gastromyc. t. 38. 
 
 Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of British mycology. 
 Pe. 5-7 mm. broad and high, bright cinnamon, subglobose, be- 
 coming broadly open, thick, felt-like, hirto-tomentose ; bright cinna- 
 mon inside, velvety. Peridiola bright brown, about 2 mm. in diam., 
 numerous (40-50), circular, biconvex, smooth, shining, much wrinkled 
 when dry, firmly agglutinated together by mucus. Spores colourless, 
 then becoming pale brownish olive, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6 /x. Solitary, 
 or two or three together. On wood, twigs, etc. Sept. Rare.
 
 46 NIDULARIA. CRUCIBULUM. CYATHUS 
 
 70. N. confluens Fr. (= Nidularia pisiformis (Roth) Tul. sec. Lloyd.) 
 
 Conflueiu, crowded together. 
 
 Pe. 4-11 mm., whitish, subglobose, compressed, villose, dehiscing 
 irregularly, peridium thin. Peridiola deep chestnut colour, orbicular, 
 compressed, 1-5-2 mm. across, shining. Spores white, elliptical, 
 6-7 x 4-5/a. Crowded. On the ground, twigs and amongst leaves. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 N. dentata With. = Sphaerobolus dentatus (With.) W. G. Sm. 
 
 Crucibulum Tul. 
 
 (Crucibulum, a crucible.) 
 
 Peridium globose, then campanulate, or shortly cylindrical, sessile, 
 consisting of two layers, and closed by a membranaceous epiphragm at 
 the apex, which is finally ruptured. Peridiola lenticular, compressed, 
 biconvex, numerous, attached by a papilla to the funiculus. Spores 
 white, oblong-elliptical, smooth. Growing on wood, twigs, and dead 
 herbaceous stems. 
 
 71. C. vulgare Tul. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 2, fig. 2. 
 
 Vulgare, common. 
 
 Pe. 5-8 mm. high, 6 mm. across, greyish, or dirty cinnamon, 
 globose, then bell-shaped, or shortly cylindrical, at first closed by a 
 fugacious epiphragm, then broadly open, minutely tomentose on the 
 outside, soon becoming smooth, inside whitish, smooth, and shining. 
 Peridiola pale, 1-5-2 mm. across, circular, biconvex, attached by a 
 nipple-like tubercle to the funiculus. Spores white, oblong-elliptical, 
 8-12 x 4-6 /A. Gregarious, or crowded. Wood, twigs and dead fern 
 stems. Sept. March. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 Cyathus Haller. 
 
 (icvaQos, a cup.) 
 
 Peridium cylindrical, then broadly campanulate, sessile, consisting 
 of three layers, and closed at the apex by a membranaceous epiphragm 
 which finally becomes ruptured and disappears. Peridiola lenticular, 
 compressed, umbilicate, numerous, attached by a funiculus. Spores 
 white, elliptical, smooth. Growing on wood, more rarely on the 
 ground. 
 
 72. C. striatus (Huds.) Pers. Holland, Champ, t. 109, no. 246. 
 
 Striatus, furrowed. 
 
 Pe. 10-15 mm. high, 8-10 mm. across, reddish brown, or ferruginous 
 and strigosely hairy on the outside, obconic, or bell-shaped, truncate 
 at the base, apex at first incurved, and the interior closed with a pale, 
 fugacious epiphragm, then opening out and disclosing the lead coloured,
 
 CYATHUS 47 
 
 shining, fluted inner surface of the peridium. Peridiola whitish, sub- 
 circular, compressed, umbilicate, and attached to the funiculus, 2 mm. 
 thick. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 18-22 x 10/z,. Fasciculate. On 
 stumps, wood, twigs, and fir-cones. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 73. C. olla (Batsch) Pers. (= Cyathus vernicosus (Bull.) DC.) Berk. 
 Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 21, fig. 1, as Cyathus vernicosus. 
 
 Olla, a pot. 
 
 Pe. 10-15 mm. high, 8-15 mm. across, greyish, or ochraceous on the 
 outside, and minutely silky, then smooth, broadly bell-shaped, mouth 
 broadly open, undulate, tapering downwards to a narrow base, lead 
 coloured, or brownish inside, smooth. Peridiola blackish, or greyish, 
 shining, circular, biconvex, 3-4 mm. across, umbilicate, and attached 
 to the white funiculus. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10-14 x 8//,. 
 On bare soil, rotten wood, sticks, and in flower-pots. Feb. Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. agrestis Pers. Agrestis, pertaining to the fields. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, subhemispherical shape, and 
 erect margin. Stubble fields. Aug. Sept. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 PLECTOBASIDIINEAE. 
 (SCLERODERMINEAE.) 
 
 Peridium subglobose, obovate, clavate, or variously shaped, sessile, 
 stipitate, or prolonged into a stem-like base, consisting of one or more 
 layers, dehiscing by the gradual falling away of portions of the peridial 
 walls, by the rupture of the exoperidium or endoperidium in an 
 irregular, or circumscissile manner, or by a well-defined apical aper- 
 ture. Gleba not divided up into cells, with, or without, a sterile 
 base, and traversed, or not, by sterile veins, which rarely break up 
 into peridiola, finally breaking down into a powdery mass, rarely 
 becoming slimy. Basidia clavate to pear-shaped, bearing 2-12, pedi- 
 cellate, or sessile, apical, or lateral spores, irregularly arranged, 
 rarely tufted, and not forming a distinct hymenium, intermixed, or 
 not, with capillitium threads. Spores white, or coloured, subglobose, 
 or elliptical, echinulate, verrucose, reticulate, or smooth. Subter- 
 ranean, or superficial. 
 
 SCLERODERMATACEAE. 
 
 Peridium subglobose, turbinate, or irregularly pear-shaped, sessile, 
 or prolonged into a stem-like base, consisting of one or more layers, 
 fleshy, leathery, or membranaceous, dehiscing in an irregular manner. 
 Gleba traversed by sterile veins. Capillitium rudimentary. Spores 
 coloured, globose, or elliptical, echinulate, verrucose, reticulate, or 
 smooth. Subterranean, or superficial.
 
 48 MELANOGASTER. SCLERODERMA 
 
 Melanogaster Cda. 
 
 (/ieXa9, black; <ya<7Tr/p, belly.) 
 
 Peridium subglobose, or elliptical, with branched mycelial strands 
 springing from, every part of the surface, fleshy, firm, not sharply 
 separated from the gleba. Basidia pear-shaped, or elliptical to club- 
 shaped, bearing 3-4, apical, or sublateral, sessile spores. Spores 
 coloured, elliptical, or obovate, smooth, or papillate. Subterranean, or 
 half buried. 
 
 74. M. variegatus (Vitt.) Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 11, fig. 4, and 
 
 t. 12, fig. 6. Variegatus, of different colours. 
 
 Pe. 2-3 cm., ochraceous, or clear yellow, then reddish ferruginous, 
 irregularly globose, adpressedly tomentose, and ornamented with the 
 brown, fibrous, cord-like anastomosing mycelium. Gleba fuliginous, 
 then black, tramal plates whitish, then bright orange. Spores brown, 
 elliptic oblong, 10 x 5/z. Smell pleasant, aromatic. Amongst leaves, 
 and twigs. June Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 var. Broomeianus (Berk.) Tul. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 426, as Tuber 
 moschatum. C. E. Broome, the eminent mycologist. 
 
 Differs from the type in the tramal plates never being bright yellow, 
 or orange. In tufts of five or six, under beech, and Lombardy poplars. 
 June Nov. Not uncommon. 
 
 75. M. ambiguus (Vitt.) Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 2, fig. 5, and t. 11, 
 
 fig. 5. Ambiguus, changeable. 
 
 Pe. 2-5-3-5 cm., pale olive, becoming brownish when exposed to the 
 air, globose, or elliptical. Gleba jet black, tramal plates white, un- 
 changeable, "becoming reddish" Berk. Spores brown, obovate, or 
 elliptical, apex acute, or obtuse and papillate, 13-15 x 7-8/u. Smell 
 very foetid. Under fir, deodar, beech, poplar, and oak. April Oct. 
 Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 var. intermedius Tul. Intermedius, lying between. 
 
 Differs from the type in the obovate, obtuse, very rarely slightly 
 papillate spores, and in the yellowish tramal plates becoming red when 
 dried. Bare. 
 
 Scleroderma Pers. 
 
 ((TKXrjpos, tough; Seppa, skin.) 
 
 Peridium subglobose, obovate, or turbinate, sessile, or prolonged 
 into a stem-like base, consisting of one, or two layers, firm, leathery 
 or corky, warted, scaly, granular, or smooth, dehiscing irregularly, 
 or by the exoperidium splitting at the apex in a star-like manner,
 
 SCLERODERMA 49 
 
 sharply separated from the gleba. Gleba at length becoming pulverulent. 
 Basidia pear-shaped, to clavate, bearing 2-5, shortly pedicellate spores. 
 Capillitium rudimentary, the remains of the sterile veins. Spores 
 coloured, globose, echinulate, verrucose, or reticulate. Superficial. 
 
 *Spores reticulate. 
 
 76. S. aurantium Pers. (= Sderoderma vulgare (Hornem.) Fr.) Berk. 
 
 Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 15, fig. 4, as Sderoderma vulgare Fr. in text. 
 
 Aurantium, golden. 
 
 Pe. 5-15 cm., whitish, or yellowish, often becoming pink when cut, 
 globose, subsessile, or substipitate, often depressed, verrucose, or 
 broken up into minute, rigid scales; peridium thick, tough, often 
 attached by a dense mass of cord-like mycelium at the base. Gleba 
 greyish white, then blackish with a purple tinge, tramal plates white. 
 Dehiscing by an irregular mouth. Spores blackish with a purple tinge, 
 reticulate with small meshes, verrucose, globose, 8-12^. Smell often 
 somewhat unpleasant. Woods, heaths, and under trees. July Jan. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. laevigatum (Fuck.) W. G. Sm. Laevigatum, made smooth. 
 
 Differs from the type in the even, smooth peridium. Woods and 
 heaths. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. aurantiacum (Bull.) W. G. Sm. Aurantiacum, golden. 
 
 Differs from the type in its brassy yellow colour. Woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. spadiceum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. Spadiceum, date brown. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smooth, date brown peridium. Beech 
 woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. cervinum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. Cervinum, fawn colour. 
 
 Differs from the type in its small size, and granular surface. Coni- 
 ferous woods. Uncommon. 
 
 77. S. Bovista Fr. Hollos, Gasteromyc. Ung. t. 23, figs. 16-20. 
 
 Bofist, puff-ball. 
 
 Pe. 2-5 cm., yellowish, subsessile, obovate, often irregular, thin, 
 pliant, smooth, or slightly scaly, sometimes breaking away in 
 patches, rarely substipitate, springing from a dense mass of cord- 
 like mycelium at the base. Gleba olive brown; tramal plates yellow, 
 floccose, the flocci with clamp connections. Dehiscing by an irregular 
 mouth. Spores olive brown, reticulate with large meshes, verrucose, 
 surrounded by an irregular, transparent border, globose, 10-1 3 p. 
 Sandy soil in woods, and on heaths. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.)
 
 50 SCLERODERMA. PISOLITHUS 
 
 78. S. Geaster Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 186. Geaster, the genus Geaster. 
 Pe. 5-15 cm., greyish ochraceous, or yellow, globose, or turbinate, 
 
 sessile, minutely tomentose, granular, exoperidium very thick, splitting 
 at the apex in a stellate manner into recurved subequal lobes. Gleba 
 purple umber, floccose. Spores purple umber, reticulate, obtusely 
 verrucose, globose, 12-15/t, 1-pluri-guttulate. Sandy soil. Aug. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Spores echinulate. 
 
 79. S. verrucosum (Vaill.) Pers. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 48. 
 
 Verrucosum, warted. 
 
 Pe. 2-5-8 cm. wide, 2-10 cm. high, ochraceous, or dingy In-own, sub- 
 globose, continued below into a more or less elongated stem-like base, 
 sometimes almost sessile, covered with minute, darker warts, rarely 
 almost smooth; peridium thin above, fragile. Gleba umber brown, 
 tramal plates whitish. Dehiscing by an irregular mouth. Spores dark 
 brown, bluntly echinulate, globose, 10-14/z. Sandy soil in woods and 
 on heaths. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 80. S. cepa (Vaill.) Pers. Hollos, Gasteromyc. Ung. t. 23, figs. 3-7. 
 
 Cepa, onion. 
 
 Pe. 1-5 cm., reddish brown, or bay, globose, or bulbous, compressed, 
 sessile, or with a very short stem, smooth, or rough with very small 
 warts on the upper part; peridium very thick when fresh, thinner and 
 somewhat leathery and wrinkled when dry. Gleba white, becoming 
 sooty black tinged with lilac, tramal plates whitish, then greyish tinged 
 darker or lilac. Dehiscing by an irregular mouth. Spores blackish, 
 acutely echinulate, globose, 9-10/j,. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 Pisolithus A. & S. 
 (Polysaccum DC.) 
 
 (TTtcro?, peas; \t0o5, stone.) 
 
 Peridium irregularly globose, attenuated downwards into a stem- 
 like base, thin, membranaceous, dehiscing by the falling away of 
 the upper portion. Gleba forming round, or polygonal peridiola, 
 that finally become free and separate from each other. Basidia pear- 
 shaped, bearing 2-6, almost sessile spores. Spores coloured, globose, 
 verrucose. Capillitium rudimentary. Half buried in the ground. 
 
 81. P. arenarius A. & S. (= Polysaccum pisocarpium (Nees) Fr.) Sow. 
 
 Eng. Fung. t. 425, as Lycoperdon capsuliferum. 
 
 Arenarius, pertaining to sand. 
 
 Pe. 2-5-8 cm., ochraceous, then olivaceous brown, irregularly globose, 
 or pear-shaped, attenuated downwards into a stem-like base which is
 
 ASTRAETTS 51 
 
 sunk in the ground, smooth, or rough; very fragile. Gleba consisting 
 of many peridiola', peridiola sulphur yellow, then brown, irregularly 
 angular. Spores reddish brown, warted, globose, 9-10/z. Sandy soil. 
 May Oct. Eare. (v.v.) 
 
 CALOSTOMATACEAE. 
 
 Peridium globose, consisting of several layers. Gleba traversed by 
 sterile veins. Basidia pear-shaped or clavate, bearing sessile, lateral 
 spores. Capillitium well developed, springing from the inside of the 
 endoperidium. Spores coloured, globose or elliptical, verrucose, or 
 smooth. Superficial or half buried in the ground. 
 
 Astraeus Morgan. 
 (a<rrpov, a star.) 
 
 Peridium globose ; exoperidium consisting of three layers, the outer 
 composed of thin, irregularly interwoven hyphae, the middle layer of 
 a corky consistency and the inner cartilaginous and collenchymatous, 
 at first concrete with the endoperidium, then at maturity splitting 
 at the apex in a star-like manner into several lobes and separating 
 from the endoperidium; endoperidium thin, membranaceous or papy- 
 raceous, sessile, dehiscing by an apical aperture. Capillitium well 
 developed, springing from the inner surface of the endoperidium, 
 threads long, much branched and interwoven. Basidia pear-shaped, 
 bearing 4, sessile, lateral spores. Spores coloured, globose, minutely 
 verrucose. Half buried in the ground. 
 
 82. A. hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan. (= Geastrum hygrometricum 
 Pers.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. ra, t. 17. 
 
 vypos, wet; (jterpov, a measure. 
 
 Exoperidium 4r-8 cm., grey, or greyish brown outside, brownish in- 
 side and becoming deeply cracked, globose, tough, leathery, carti- 
 laginous, splitting up into 7-20, acute lobes, divided up almost to the 
 base, strongly incurved and depressed over the apex of the endo- 
 peridium when dry, reflexed and standing up on the apices of the 
 lobes when moist; endoperidium 1-5-2-5 cm., grey, or brown, sessile, 
 globose, depressed, smooth, or subreticulate, dehiscing by an irregular, 
 small apical mouth. Spores brown, minutely verrucose, globose, 
 8-11 jj,. Capillitium hyaline, thick walled, branched, 6-7 \L in diam. 
 Woods, and under trees. Feb. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 TULOSTOMATACEAE. 
 
 Peridium subglobose, stipitate, or prolonged into a stem-like base, 
 consisting of a thin, fugacious exoperidium, and a thin, membra- 
 naceous endoperidium, which is raised upwards by the firm, fibrous 
 
 42
 
 52 TULOSTOMA. QUELETIA 
 
 basal portion. Gleba without cells. Basidia club-shaped, irregularly 
 scattered on the hyphae, bearing the spores laterally at various 
 levels. Capillitium well developed, attached to the endoperidium. 
 Spores coloured, globose, verrucose. Subterranean, or half buried in 
 the ground, then superficial. 
 
 Tulostoma Pers. 
 (TU'A,O<?, a knob; crro/ia, mouth.) 
 
 Peridium depressed globose; exoperidium, thin, fugacious; endo- 
 peridium membranaceous, thin, dehiscing by an apical aperture ; stem 
 elongate, inserted into a socket at the base of the peridium. Capil- 
 litium well developed, threads hyaline, very long, much branched, 
 attached to the endoperidium, interwoven. Spores coloured, globose, 
 verrucose. At first subterranean, then superficial. 
 
 83. T. brumale Pers. (= Tulostoma mammosum (Mich.) Fr.) Sow. 
 
 Eng. Fung. t. 406, as Lycoperdon pedunculatum. 
 
 Brumale, pertaining to the winter. 
 
 Pe. 5-10 mm., whitish, then yellowish, globose, or somewhat de- 
 pressed; outer peridium friable, inner peridium smooth, thin, mem- 
 branaceous, papyraceous; mouth small, slightly prominent, scarcely 
 toothed, entire. Stem 2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., reddish brown, equal, 
 slightly attenuated upwards to the base of the peridium, and sur- 
 rounded by a ball of mycelium at the base, smooth, or more or less 
 fibrillose, concolorous inside, stuffed. Spores pinkish, acutely warted, 
 globose, 4-5/i. Capillitium threads hyaline, branched, thick walled, 
 nodose septate, 4 6/z in diam. Amongst sand, and on old walls. 
 May Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Queletia Fr. 
 
 (Dr Lucien Quelet, the eminent French mycologist.) 
 
 Peridium subglobose, then prolonged into a stem-like basal portion; 
 exoperidium thin, fugacious ; endoperidium firm, hard, breaking away 
 from the stem-like base and dehiscing by the gradual falling away of 
 the peridial walls from the base upwards. Capillitium sparse. Basidia 
 with one to three, apical, or lateral, shortly pedicellate spores. 
 Spores coloured, globose, verrucose. Subterranean, then superficial. 
 
 84. Q. mirabilis Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 29, t. 28. 
 
 Mirabilis, wonderful. 
 
 Pe. 3-7 cm., whitish, subglobose, at first rounded above and slightly 
 conical at the base, which subsequently developes in a stem-like
 
 BATTARBEA 53 
 
 manner; exoperidium thin, brittle, breaking up into fugacious 
 granules; endoperidium yellowish, becoming brownish, firm, hard, and 
 finally breaking away from the stem-like base, dehiscing by the 
 falling away of portions from the base upwards. Stem-like base 
 4-15 x 1-5-5 cm., whitish, then concolorous, torn up into revolute, 
 squarrose fibrils, and finally breaking away from the peridium at 
 maturity and exposing the rusty brown gleba. Spores rusty brown, 
 coarsely warted, globose, often shortly pedicellate, 6-8 /A; basidia 
 1-3-spored. Capillitium almost colourless, rarely branched or sep- 
 tate, 8-lOfj, in diam. Amongst rotten leaves, and spent tan. Sept. 
 Eare. (v.v.) 
 
 Battarrea Pers. 
 (J. A. Battarra, author of Fungorum Agri Ariminensis Historia.) 
 
 Peridium globose, exoperidium becoming irregularly torn at the 
 apex, leaving a volva-like basal portion; stem elongated, hollow, be- 
 coming torn into fibrous scales; endoperidium hemispherical, plane, 
 or concave underneath, dehiscent by a circular fissure beneath the 
 margin, the upper part coming off like a lid. Capillitium of simple, 
 or branched threads, with spiral, or annular thickenings. Spores 
 coloured, globose, verrucose. Subterranean, then superficial. 
 
 85. B. phalloides (Dicks.) Pers. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 390, as Lyco- 
 perdon phalloides Dicks. <f)a\\ds, penis; elSo?, like. 
 
 Volva 2-4 cm., white outside, parchment-like, pitted, filled when 
 young with colourless mucus, globose, splitting above into four or 
 five more or less pointed lobes, rust colour inside, fibrous, woody, 
 often fringed. Stem 10-30 x -5-2 cm., rusty brown, attenuated at 
 both ends, slightly ventricose in the middle, woody, firm, covered 
 with long, twisted fibres, whitish inside, and stuffed with long, trans- 
 parent threads. Inner peridium rusty brown, campanulate, some- 
 what flattened, fibrous, splitting horizontally and filled with the 
 yellowish brown Capillitium and spores. Spores rust colour, obtusely 
 verrucose, globose, often with a hyaline apiculus, Q/JL. Capillitium 
 threads pale rust colour, 63-80 x 8/1,, with spiral thickenings. Sandy 
 places, and in hollow trees. Sept. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 GrLISCHRODERMATACEAE. 
 
 Peridium globose, consisting of a single layer, seated on a ring-like 
 of mycelium surrounding the sessile base, dehiscing by a weli- 
 lefined apical aperture. Capillitium attached to the inner wall of 
 peridium. Spores coloured, globose, minutely warted. Super- 
 3ial.
 
 54 GLISCHRODEEMA. SPHAEROBOLUS 
 
 Glischroderma (Fuck.) Rea. 
 (7X10-^/309, clammy; Sep/j.a, skin.) 
 With the same characters as the family. 
 
 86. G. cinctum (Fuck.) Eea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 2. 
 
 Cinctum, girdled. 
 
 Pe. 5-15 mm., pale grey, becoming darker with age, globose, slightly 
 sticky, then scurfy, dehiscing by a well-defined apical pore which 
 becomes larger, seated on a ring-like mass of white mycelium -5-2 mm. 
 wide at the base. Spores pale pink, minutely warted, showing 4-5 
 warts in a row across the hemisphere, globose, 4/z.. Capillitium 
 hyaline, thick walled, septate, 5-10//, in diam., attached to the inner 
 wall of the peridium. Charcoal heaps in woods. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 SPHAEROBOLACEAE. 
 
 Peridium subglobose, sessile ; exoperidium consisting of three layers, 
 an outer gelatinous layer, a middle pseudo-parenchymatous layer, and 
 an inner fibrous layer, splitting in a star-like manner into pointed 
 lobes when mature. Gleba consisting of a peripheral layer of upright 
 palisade cells and a central fertile portion, finally becoming slimy and 
 ejecting the whole mass. Basidia pear-shaped bearing 5-8, sessile 
 spores. Spores white, elhptical, or oblong elliptical, smooth. Growing 
 on wood and leaves. 
 
 Sphaerobolus (Tode) Pers. 
 
 (o-(j>aipa, a ball ; ySdXo?, a throw.) 
 With the same characters as the family. 
 
 87. S. stellatus (Tode) Pers. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 21, fig. 2. 
 
 Stellatus, set with stars. 
 
 Pe. 2 mm, high and broad, whitish, or pale yellow, globose, then oval, 
 seated on an arachnoid mycelium, splitting above in a stellate manner 
 into 6-8, acute teeth, tomentose, then smooth. Gleba at first whitish 
 and transparent, then brown, broadly elliptical. Spores white, broadly 
 elliptical, 10-11 x 5-6 ft. Crowded. On wood, twigs, sawdust, and 
 leaves. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 88. S. dentatus (With.) W. G. Sm. (= Sphaerobolus stellatus (Tode) 
 
 Pers. sec. Lloyd.) Dentatus, toothed. 
 
 Pe. 1-5 mm., pale livid buff, to vinous brownish, pale brown, or brown, 
 springing from scanty brownish mycelium, finely pilose with erect 
 hairs, opening above in a 4 7-stellate manner, the rays clad with long, 
 white hairs, which at first converge over the opening, white, ivory, 
 white-greysih, or faint olive ivory inside, ejecting a reddish brown gleba. 
 Scattered. Dead elder. Aug. Rare.
 
 SCHTJLZERIA 55 
 
 89. S. terrestris (A. & S. non Tode) W. G-. Sm. Brit. Basidiomyc. 
 
 fig. 139. Terrestris, pertaining to the earth. 
 
 Pe. -5-2 mm., saffron yellow, or sienna, at first hemispherical, 
 urceolato-ventricose, seated on a dense tomentose subiculum of buff 
 white, here and there brownish, mycelium. Gleba concolorous, solitary, 
 spherical. Spores white, elliptic-oblong, 10-12 x 5-6/A. Crowded, in 
 troops. Eotten wood, and running over leaves. March Nov. Rare. 
 (v.v.) 
 Thekbolus Tode = A genus of the Ascobolaceae. 
 
 AGARICALES. 
 
 Hymenium strictly defined from the first, covering the exterior of 
 gills, or lining the interior of fleshy tubes, or pores, or spreading over 
 a smooth surface; at first protected by the universal, or partial veil 
 (the volva, or ring), then finally, at maturity, fully exposed. 
 
 AGARICINEAE. 
 
 Hymenium inseparable from the pileus and spread over the surface 
 of gills radiating from a stem, or central point. Receptacle fleshy, 
 membranaceous, or coriaceous, fragile, firm, or tough, putrescent, or 
 not putrescent, reviving with moisture or not, and sometimes con- 
 taining lacticiferous vessels; consisting of a pileus with, or without, 
 a central or lateral stem, and sometimes with a volva or a ring, and 
 broad gills acute at the margin. Growing on the ground, or on wood. 
 
 AGARIC ACE AE. 
 Same characters as the suborder. 
 
 I. Receptacle fleshy, trama not vesiculose, nor traversed by lacti- 
 ciferous vessels, not membranaceous, not rapidly putrescent, nor 
 tough and woody. 
 
 A. Pileus distinct, and easily separable from the fleshy stem. 
 * Without a ring, or a volva. 
 Spores white. 
 
 Schulzeria Bres. 
 
 (Stephan Schulzer.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular; margin at first incurved. Stem central. 
 Gills free from the stem. Spores white, oval, or clavate, wall con- 
 tinuous. Growing on the ground. 
 
 90. S. lycoperdoides Cke. & Massee. 
 
 Lycoperdon eISo9, resembling a Lycoperdon. 
 
 P. 3-4 cm., tan coloured, beset with darker pyramidal warts re- 
 sembling those of some species of Lycoperdon, and often splitting at the
 
 56 SCHULZEBIA. PLUTEUS 
 
 base, convex, then expanded; margin appendiculate. St. 5 x 1 cm., 
 whitish, equal, minutely fibrillose. Gills white, free, rather crowded. 
 Flesh white, brownish under the cuticle. Spores white, oval, 5 x 4ju. 
 Under cedars. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 91. S. Grangei Eyre. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 5. 
 
 Grange Park, Hants. 
 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., dark green, cracking into fibrous scales on a white 
 ground, fleshy, convex, flatly umbonate. St. 5-6 cm. x 5-7 mm., 
 brownish, squamose, squamules tipped with the same colour as the p., 
 equal, base attenuated. Gills yellowish, free, broader in front, 
 minutely denticulate. Flesh white, reddish in the stem. Spores white, 
 club-shaped, 11-13 x 3-5 JJL, multi-guttulate. Caespitose. On soil 
 among beech leaves. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 S. Eyrei Massee = Glaucospora Eyrei (Massee) Rea. 
 
 Spores pink. 
 Pluteus Fr. 
 
 (Pluteus, a movable pent-house.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Gills free from the stem, 
 rounded behind. Spores pink, rarely pale yellowish, globose, sub- 
 globose, or elliptical, wall continuous. Cystidia on edge of gills pear- 
 shaped, or inflated clavate ; on the sides of the gill fusiform, or bottle- 
 shaped, and hooked at the apex. Growing on wood, more rarely on 
 the ground. 
 
 *Cuticle of the pileus separating into fibrils or flocci. 
 
 92. P. cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cervinus, pertaining to deer. 
 P. 4-10 cm., fuliginous, becoming paler, and broken up into fibrils, 
 
 or squamules, and often streaked, fleshy, somewhat fragile, campanu- 
 late, then expanded, viscid. St. 7-10 cm. x 5-15 mm., white, covered 
 with black fibrils, firm, equal, often bulbous at the base. Gills white, 
 then flesh colour, free, rounded behind, crowded, ventricose, somewhat 
 crenulated. Flesh white, soft. Spores pink, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5/u,. 
 Cystidia on gill edge pear-shaped, 25 x 22/x,, on gill surface fusiform, 
 hooked at the apex, 55-75 x 15-18/4. On fallen trunks, stumps, 
 sawdust heaps. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Bullii Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 304, t. 357. 
 
 Dr H. G. Bull of Hereford, the originator of the Woolhope Club 
 
 fungus forays. 
 
 P. 10-16 cm., pallid, disc darker, convex, then expanded and 
 gibbous. St. 8-16 x 2-3 cm., pale brown, darkest at the swollen base,
 
 PLUTEUS 57 
 
 fibrillose. Gills white, then pink, free, rounded behind, very broad, 
 crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores elliptical, 7-8 x 5fi. Stumps 
 and rotten wood. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. rigens Pers. Rigens, stiff. 
 
 Differs from the type in the cinereous pileus, with black fibrils, or 
 squamules, and the glabrous, somewhat shining stem. 
 
 93. P. eximius Saund. & Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 303, t. 302. 
 
 Eximius, distinguished. 
 
 P. 6-20 cm., rufescent umber, when young darker, and tinged with 
 carmine round the margin, campanulate, then convex and expanded, 
 viscid pellicle separable. St. 10-14 x 4 cm., pallid, at length becoming 
 blackish, nearly equal, sulcate upwards, fibrillose. Gills white, then pale 
 rose, becoming rufous when bruised, very broad, crowded, free, but 
 very close to the stem. Flesh yellowish, cartilaginous. Spores pink, 
 spherical, but somewhat irregular, 7 x 5 /A. On sawdust. Nov. Rare. 
 
 94. P. patricius Schulz. (= Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Boud. Icon. t. 87. Patricius, noble. 
 
 P. 6-15 cm., white, or greyish, disc covered with brown, hairy, 
 pointed squamules, convex, then expanded, more or less silky; margin 
 lobed, and often split. St. 5-15 x 1-3 cm., white, covered with small 
 whitish squamules that become brownish at the base, equal. Gills 
 white, then flesh colour, free, very broad. Flesh white, firm. Spores pink, 
 elliptical, 5-8 x 3-5/A. On dead logs, stumps. June Sept. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 95. P. petasatus (Fr.) Karst. Cke. Illus. no. 305, t. 303. 
 
 Trerao-o?, a travelling hat with a broad brim. 
 P. 8-15 cm., whitish cinereous, at length somewhat date brown, 
 disc fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, viscid pellicle 
 separable, at length striate to the middle, margin membranaceous. 
 St. 10-20 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, at length becoming tawny, rigid, fibril - 
 losely-striate, attenuated upwards from the silky base. Gills white, 
 then reddish, at length tawny at the edge, very broad, very crowded, 
 drying up. Flesh white, soft. Spores pink, " broadly oval, 7-5-9 x 4-5- 
 5/A. Cystidia fusoid-bottle-shaped, 11-14/t broad, with a few hooks " 
 Lange. On heaps of straw and dung, sawdust. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 96. P. sororiata Karst. Soror, a sister. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., yellow, somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, 
 floccosely-squamulose; margin somewhat striate, often repand. St. 
 6x1 cm., pallid, becoming yellowish, squamulose at the enlarged base. 
 Gills flesh colour, margin at first yellow, rounded behind, free, crowded,
 
 58 PLUTEUS 
 
 oblong. Spores hyaline, or becoming very pale yellowish, broadly 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 6/4. On burnt and rotten wood, and rotting branches. 
 b. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 97. P. umbrosus (Pers.) Fr. (= Entoloma nigrocinnamomeum Schulz. 
 
 sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 88. Umbrosus, shady. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., umber, campanulate, then expanded, subumbonate, 
 more or less rugulose, covered with adpressed fibrils, then squamulose; 
 margin more or less lobed, ciliato-fimbriate. St. 5-10 x -5-3 cm., pale, 
 covered with villose, brown squamules, base white, floccose. Gills white, 
 then rosy,fuliginous-fimbriate at the margin, free, broad. Flesh white. 
 Spores pink, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 //.. "Cystidia on edge fusoid bladder- 
 shaped, 15-25 /A broad, content yellowish-brown" Lange. Smell of 
 radish, taste slightly bitter. On stumps and fallen logs. Aug. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 98. P. ephebeus Fr. (=Pluteus villosus (Bull.) Quel.) 
 
 , arrived at man's estate. 
 
 P. 5-7 cm., violaceous bistre, fleshy, convex, then plane, at first 
 villose, finally floccose. St. 3-4 cm. x 5-8 mm., white, base swollen, 
 violaceous bistre, rigid, striate. Gills white, then rosy, free, very ventri- 
 cose, margin unequal. Flesh white, brownish under the cuticle. Spores 
 pink, globose, Qlfji, with a large central gutta. On rotten wood, and 
 trunks. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 99. P. argenteo-griseus Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. v, t. 4. 
 
 Argenteus, silvery; griseus, grey. 
 
 P. 3-5-4-5 cm. wide, 2-5 cm. high, snow white, then becoming smoky 
 grey, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, fioccosely-silky, atomate ; mar- 
 gin splitting, exceeding the gills. St. 6-7 cm. x 5-6 mm., concolorous, 
 curved, striate, base bulbous. Gills white, then pink, 11-12 mm. broad, 
 free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pink, globose, or 
 elliptical, 6 x 6/n, or 7-8 x 6/z, 1-many-guttulate. Cystidia none. 
 Dead wood. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 100. P. violarius Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 311, t. 518, fig. B. 
 
 Violariiis, a dyer of violet colour. 
 
 P. 1-5-2-5 cm., dark purple, darkest at the disc, hemispherical, then 
 nearly plane, minutely velvety; margin undulate. St. 2-3 cm. x 2- 
 3mm., pale umber, sprinkled with delicate, black fibrils below, ivhitish 
 above, attenuated upwards, silky. Gills whitish, then bright flesh 
 colour, free, crowded, margin serrulate. Flesh grey, thickish. Spores 
 pink, subglobose and apiculate, 5-6/i. On stumps, and rotten wood. 
 Rare.
 
 PLUTETJS 59 
 
 101. P. salicinus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1157, t. 1169, fig. A. 
 
 Salicinus, pertaining to a willow. 
 
 P. 23 cm., bluish-grey, then cinereous, disc darker, slightly fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, subnmbonate,flocculoso-rugulose. St. 3-5 cm. x 2- 
 6 mm., white-azure-blue, or sometimes becoming green, equal, often 
 thicker at the base, fibrillose, fragile. Gills white, then rose-colour, free, 
 ventricose. Flesh white, tinged with green. Spores pink, elliptical, 
 8-9 x 6-7 fj,, with a large central gutta. "Cystidia on edge inflated 
 clavate, 16 18/A broad, on sides fusoid bottle-shaped, with hooks " 
 Lange. On willow, and alder trunks and branches. Feb. Dec. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. beryllus (Pers.) Fr. ftrjpv\\o<;, a jewel of sea-green colour. 
 
 Differs from the type in the pileus being streaked with green, the 
 ash-coloured rugose disc, and the whitish stem with greenish fibrils. On 
 alder. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. floccosus Karst. Floccus, a flock of wool. 
 
 Differs from the type in the floccosely squamulose pileus. Rare. 
 
 102. P. hispidulus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 90, fig. 2. 
 
 Hispidulus, somewhat hairy. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., grey, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, silky, or slightly 
 pilose; margin at length slightly striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., 
 silvery white, equal, fragile, curved-ascending. Gills white, then rose 
 colour, free, broadest in front. Flesh white, grey under the pellicle of 
 the pileus. Spores pink, globose, 6-7 p. "Cystidia inflated-club- 
 shaped, 13-16/u, broad " Lange. On beech stumps, and rotten wood. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 103. P. peffltus (Pers.) Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 5, fig. 4. 
 
 Pellitus, covered with skins. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 2-5 cm., fleshy, convex, then plane, sub- 
 umbonate, silky. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., equal, slightly thickened 
 at the base, shining, fragile. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, rounded 
 behind, crowded, ventricose, margin slightly toothed. Flesh white, 
 soft, thin. Spores pink, "broadly ovate, 6-7 x 4-5 //,. Cystidia on 
 sides, subfusoid with hooks, on edge, inflated obtuse" Lange. On 
 and near trunks. July Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 var. punctillifer Quel. Punctillum, a little dot;fero, I bear.-* 
 
 Differs from the type in the disc of the pileus being tinged fuscous 
 and covered with minute umber scales, and in the base of the stem being 
 covered with minute umber scales. Spores pink, globose, 6ft, 1-3-guttu- 
 late. On the ground. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 60 PLUTEUS 
 
 **P. pruinate, somewhat pulverulent. 
 
 104. P. nanus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. IUus. no. 309, t. 305, fig. A. 
 
 vdvvo?, a dwarf. 
 
 P. 1-5 cm., umber, sprinkled with fuscous, pulverulent sootiness, 
 disc often darker, covered with veined, radiating, umber wrinkles, thin, 
 convex, then flattened. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, rigid, equal, or 
 attenuated downwards, slightly striate. Gills white, then flesh colour, 
 free, ventricose. Flesh white. Spores pink, broadly elliptical, 5- 
 6 x 4-5 /A, 1-guttulate. "Cystidia cylindric bladder-shaped" Lange. 
 On fallen sticks, especially birch and beech, and on sawdust. May 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lutescens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 309, t. 305, fig. B. 
 
 Lutescens, becoming yellow. 
 
 Differs from the type in the stem and often the gills and flesh being 
 yellow. Spores pink, globose, 5-6/x. On stumps. May Oct. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. major Mass. Cke. Illus. no. 309, t. 305, fig. C. Major, larger. 
 
 Differs from the type in being larger, with an even greyish pileus. 
 Fallen sticks. Eare. 
 
 105. P. melanodon (Seer.) Fr. /te'Xa?, black; 6Sov<$, a tooth. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., dull yellow, thin, convex, then plane, conically umbo- 
 nate, pulverulent; margin slightly striate. St. 6-7 cm. x 1-2 mm., 
 yellowish brown, apex white, swollen base blackish, firm, polished. Gills 
 whitish, tinged with rose colour, free, ventricose, margin black, denticu- 
 late. Flesh white. Rotten wood in beech woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 106. P. spilopus B. & Br. (= Pluteus spodopileus Sacc.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 310, t. 325. <T7rtA.o9, a spot; Troy?, foot. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., broum, or dark fawn colour, fleshy, convex, then ex- 
 panded, subumbonate, often depressed round the umbo, radiately 
 rugulose. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish, or faintly tinged with fawn 
 colour, punctate with scattered black points, equal, incurved. Gills 
 white, then pink, free. Flesh white. Spores pink, globose, 7-8fi. On 
 stumps. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 107. P. semibulbosus (Lasch) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 89. 
 
 Semi, half; bulbosus, bulbous. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., pale ashy ochraceous, becoming rosy and pale, sub- 
 membranaceous, thin, somewhat diaphanous, convex, then plane, 
 pulverulently pruinose, deeply striate. St. 3-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, 
 delicately pubescent, and velvety, minutely striate; base bulbous, velvety.
 
 PLUTEUS 61 
 
 Gills white, then flesh colour, or slightly yellowish, free, ventricose. 
 Flesh white, somewhat filamentous in the stem. Spores pink, broadly 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 5-7 p.. "Cystidia obtuse, elongated, cylindric, very 
 prominent, 13-14^, broad, entire length, 75-1 15//," Lange. On poplar 
 trunks, sawdust and rotten wood. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 ***P. glabrous. 
 
 108. P. leoninus (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Pluteus leoninus var. coccineus 
 Massee.) Cke. Illus. no. 313, t. 421, figs. A, B. 
 
 Leoninus, pertaining to a lion. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., yellow, lemon yellow, crimson orange, or vermilion, thin, 
 fragile, campanulate, then expanded, margin striate. St. 4-7 x 1 cm., 
 whitish light yellow, often vermilion at the thickened base, fragile, striate, 
 fibrillose. Gills white, then flesh colour, margin often light yellow, free. 
 Flesh white, or yellowish, reddish under the cuticle in the vermilion 
 specimens. Spores pink, elliptical, or globose, 5-7 x 5/z, multi- 
 guttulate. Cystidia "on gill surface flask-shaped to fusiform 60- 
 110 x 24-33 ju, apex rounded, untoothed, on edge of gill clavate to 
 bottle-shaped, 60-75 x 15-27//, " Rick. On old willows, and stumps. 
 Sept. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 109. P. roseo-albus Fr. Rosens, rosy; albus, white. 
 P. 7-8 cm., rosy, thin, convex, then expanded. St. 4-6 x 1 cm., 
 
 white, pruinose, curved. Gills white, then flesh colour, free. Spores 
 pink. Poplar trunks. Sept. Rare. 
 
 110. P. chrysophaeus (Schaeff.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 91. 
 
 %/ouoro9, gold; <ai09, dusky. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., dark cinnamon, or pale umber, often streaked with Hack, 
 submembranaceous, convex, then expanded; margin striate. St. 
 4-6 cm. x 3-9 mm., yellow, equal, striate, fibrillose. Gills white, then 
 flesh colour, free. Flesh yellowish, deeper coloured in the stem. Spores 
 pink, subglobose, 6-7 /z, multi-guttulate. "Cystidia obtusely fusi- 
 form, subventricose, inflated" Lange. On twigs and stumps. May 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 111. P. phlebophorus (Ditm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 315, t. 422, fig. A. 
 
 <f>\ety, a vein; <f>epa), I bear. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., umber, slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded, 
 wrinkled with veins. St. 3-6 cm. x 56 mm., white, shining, some- 
 what incurved; base swollen, floccose. Gills white, then flesh colour, 
 free. Flesh white, fragile. Spores pink, subglobose, 5-9 x 5-8/>t, 
 1-guttulate. Cystidia "bladder-shaped on edge of gill, 30-40 x 15- 
 18ju, " Rick. On rotten wood, dead twigs, and sawdust. June Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 62 PLUTEUS. GLAUCOSPORA 
 
 var. albo-farinosus Rea. Albus, white ; farinosus, mealy. 
 
 Differs from the type in the white mealy apex of the stem. On 
 rotten wood in woods. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 var. reticulatus Cke. = Pleurotus palmatus (Bull.) Quel. 
 
 var. marginatus Quel. Quel. As. Fr. (1884), t. 8, fig. 4. 
 
 Marginatus, bordered. 
 
 Differs from the type in the chestnut brown peridium, and the bistre 
 black, crenidate edge of the gills. 
 
 112. P. umbrinellus (Sommerf.) Fr. Umbrinellus, brownish. 
 P. 15 mm., bistre, convex, tough; margin paler, fimbriate. St. 
 
 5-7 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, shining, tough, rooting. Gills white, then 
 flesh colour, free. Spores "subglobose or elliptical 8-9 x 6-7 /u, or 
 7-8 x 6/x; cystidia 60-90 x 18-30/z, " Sacc. In coppices, and gardens. 
 June Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 Spores green. 
 
 Glaucospora Rea 1 . 
 
 (y\av/c6<;, green; cnropd, seed.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular; margin at first incurved. Gills free from the 
 stem. Spores bluish green, elliptical, wall continuous. Growing on 
 the ground. 
 
 113. G. Eyrei (Massee) Rea. (= Schulzeria Eyrei Massee.) Grevillea, 
 xxn (1894), t. 185, fig. 1, as Schulzeria Eyrei Massee. 
 
 Rev. W. L. W. Eyre, the ardent mycologist of Swarraton. 
 P. 2-4 cm., pallid, disc ochraceous, minutely granular, campanu- 
 late, then expanded and plane, broadly umbonate; margin incurved, 
 and appendiculate with the membranaceous veil when young, often 
 split, and revolute when old. St. 5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid, becoming 
 ochraceous, flexuose, subequal, apex minutely mealy. Gills pale green, 
 then deep bluish green, free, narrowed, thin. Flesh white, yellowish in 
 the stem. Spores bluish green, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5-3ju,. Under spruce 
 firs, and in pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Spores ochraceous. 
 Pluteolus Fr. 
 
 (Pluteolus, a little pent-house.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, very thin, viscid ; margin at first straight, adpressed 
 to the stem. Stem central, subcartilaginous. Gills free, rounded 
 behind. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or ochraceous brown, ellip- 
 tical, smooth. Cystidia obpyriform, or ventricose. Growing on wood. 
 
 1 The name Cfdoroapora proposed by Massee for this genus cannot stand, as 
 Spegazzini had previously used it for a genus of the Peronosporaceae.
 
 PLUTEOLUS. PILOSACE 63 
 
 114. P. reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. (= Pluteolus aleuriatus Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 516, t. 495. Reticulatus, netted. 
 
 P. 4-5 cm., delicate bistre, becoming violaceous, fuscous, or livid 
 grey, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate when mature, 
 subrepand, viscid at first, and covered with a network of anastomosing 
 veins, becoming more even, or slightly pitted; margin slightly striate. 
 St. 4-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, equal, fragile, fibrillose, the cuticle be- 
 coming polished, even, subcartilaginous, apex mealy. Grills dingy 
 cinnamon, distinctly free, ventricose, crowded, arid. Flesh white, thin. 
 Spores ochraceous ferruginous, broadly elliptical, often slightly de- 
 pressed on one side, 9-10 x 5-6^,, 2-4-guttulate. Cystidia obpyri- 
 form, or ventricose and apiculate, 15 x 8/u,. Dead wood. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 115. P. aleuriatus Fr. (= Pluteolus reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Fr. Icon. t. 126, fig. 5. a\evpov, wheaten flour. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., bluish grey, livid, or rose colour, submembranaceous, 
 conical, then convexo-plane, viscid, striate to the disc. St. 2-5- 
 4 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, slightly attenuated upwards, straight, or 
 incurved, pulverulent. Gills saffron ochraceous, then cinnamon, free, 
 ventricose, 2 mm. broad, thin. Flesh white, very thin. Spores ferru- 
 ginous, oblong elliptical, 6-10 x 4/n, 1-guttulate. Rotten sticks, and 
 stumps. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 116. P. Mulgravensis Massee & Crossl. 
 
 Mulgravensis, belonging to the Mulgrave woods, near Whitby. 
 P. 5-6 cm., grey, somewhat fleshy, convex, then expanded, um- 
 bonate, flocculose, becoming broken up into squamules, striate. St. 
 4 cm. x 3-4 mm., whitish, subequal, base subclavate, smooth. Gills 
 white, then cinnamon, free, crowded, broad. Spores ochraceous brown, 
 elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5/A. On wood. Sept. Rare. 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous. 
 Pilosace Fr. 
 
 (7rtX,09, a cap; era/eo?, a shield.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, stout. Gills free from the 
 stem. Spores bay purple, globose, smooth, with a germ-pore. Grow- 
 ing on the ground. 
 
 117. P. Algeriensis Fr. in Quel. (\ = Stropharia epimyces (Peck) Atk. 
 sec. Harper.) Algeriensis, Algerian. 
 
 P. 10cm., snow white, then reddish, or bistre, fleshy, convex, 
 then plane, smooth, shining like a kid glove. St. 4-5 x 4-5 cm., 
 white, incrassated at the base, silky. Gills rosy flesh colour, then bistre
 
 64 LEPIOTA 
 
 violaceous, free, horizontal, narrow. Flesh white, compact, soft. Spores 
 "bay purple, globose, 8/u," Quel. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. 
 On the ground amongst ferns. Aug. Rare. 
 
 **With a ring on the stem. 
 
 Spores white. 
 
 Lepiota (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 (XeTTt?, a scale; ou<?, ear.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring membranaceous, free, 
 or adnate, persistent, or fugacious, always manifest in the adult stage. 
 Gills free, adnate, or sinuato-adnate, often attached to a collar. 
 Spores white, rarely pinkish, or ochraceous, oval, elliptical, pip- 
 shaped, fusiform, subreniform, deltoid, or projectile shaped; con- 
 tinuous, or with a germ-pore. Cystidia rare. Growing on the ground, 
 rarely on wood. 
 
 A. EPIDERMIS DRY. 
 *P. squamulose, or becoming broken up into scales. 
 
 (a) Ring movable, distinct from the volva ; apex of stem 
 surrounded by a cartilaginous collar. 
 
 118. L. procera (Scop.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 11, no. 15. 
 
 Procera, tall. 
 
 P. 10-25 cm., whitish, the brownish cuticle breaking up into thick, 
 separable scales, ovato-acorn-shaped, then campanulate, and flattened, 
 with a broad, obtuse, prominent umbo; margin fimbriate, fibrillose. 
 St. 15-30 x 1-5-2 cm., brownish, breaking up into snake-like markings, 
 due to the slower growth of the external hyphae, cylindrical, base 
 bulbous. Ring white above, brownish on the exterior, thick, movable, 
 persistent, cartilaginous near the stem, fibrillose at the margin. Gills 
 whitish, often becoming fuscous at the edge, remote from the stem, and 
 separated by a cartilaginous collar, ventricose, crowded, broader in 
 front, soft, crowded. Flesh white, floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 
 15-18 x 10/A, multi-guttulate, with a germ-pore. Cystidia "on edge 
 of gill bottle-shaped to clavate, 40-50 x 15-20 ju" Rick. Taste and 
 smell pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. July Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 119. L. prominens Fr. Viv. Ital. t. 12. Prominens, prominent. 
 P. 5-10 cm., ochraceous, disc covered with brownish-ochre, imbricate 
 
 scales, which are more sparse towards the fibrillose margin, hemi- 
 spherical, then flattened, with a prominent, darker umbo. St. 7- 
 18 x 1-2 cm., brownish, or ochraceous, with a few scattered adnate 
 squamuks, equal, base abruptly bulbous. Ring whitish, movable, fim-
 
 LEPIOTA 65 
 
 briate at the margin. Gills white, free, separated by a cartilaginous 
 collar. Flesh white, floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 14-16 x 8-9 /A. 
 Taste and smell pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and upland downs. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 120. L. rhacodes (Vitt.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 10. paico?, ragged. 
 P. 7-18 cm., greyish ochre, covered with large, thick, angular, ragged, 
 
 yellowish scales, which become darker at their margin, disc flat, and 
 deeper in colour, very fleshy, globose, then flattened, or depressed. 
 St. 7-25 x 1-5-2 cm., white, bruising reddish, conical, then elongated, 
 and attenuated upwards, base large, marginately bulbous, smooth. 
 Ring white, or brownish, clothed on the outside with one or two zones 
 of scales, fimbriate at the margin. Gills whitish, or reddish, free, 
 separated by a cartilaginous collar, lanceolate or ventricose, crowded. 
 Flesh white, reddening on exposure to the air, especially in the stem. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 12-15 x 6-8/i, 1-2-guttulate, with a germ- 
 pore. Cystidia "on edge of gill coloured, ventricose-bottle-shaped, 
 30-36 x 12-15^t " Rick. SmeU and taste pleasant. Edible. Under 
 trees in pastures, and in coniferous woods. July Nov. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 121. L. puellaris (Fr.) Rea. Puellaris, girlish. 
 P. 5-8 cm., white, disc gibbous and ochraceous, campanulate, then 
 
 convex, surface breaking up into delicate, floccose scales. St. 9 
 12 x 1 cm., white, equal, slightly mealy above the ring, base sub- 
 bulbous. Ring white, movable, narrow. Gills white, free, separated 
 by a narrow, cartilaginous collar, narrowed behind, crowded. Flesh 
 white, or faintly tinted reddish. Spores white, oblong-elliptical, 12- 
 18 x 7-8 /A, 1-3-guttulate. "Cystidia obovate-bottle-shaped, 16jLt 
 broad, occasionally with a somewhat protruding apex" Lange. Taste 
 pleasant. Edible. In pastures, generally under oaks. Aug. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 122. L. permixta Barla. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 10, figs. 1-4. 
 
 Permixta, mixed up. 
 
 P. 12-15 cm., disc brown cinnamon, the paler ground colour else- 
 where covered with cinnamon brown patches of the cuticle, campanula to- 
 convex, then expanded, subumbonate; margin whitish, torn. St. 12- 
 15 x 1-5-2 cm., white, covered with small, irregular brownish scales, 
 base bulbous. Ring tawny brown, membranaceous, large, margin 
 fimbriate. Gills yellowish white, or flesh colour, remote from the stem, 
 and separated by a cartilaginous collar, narrowed behind, crowded. 
 Flesh white, becoming reddish, floccose. Spores "oval, elliptical or 
 almond shape, 12-20 x 8-1 2 p, hyaline, surrounded by a golden 
 ring" Sacc. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 66 LEPIOTA 
 
 123. L. excoriata (SchaefL) Fr. Krombb. t. 24, figs. 27-28. 
 
 Excoriata, peeled. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., whitish, disc often brown, gibbous, fleshy, globose, then 
 expanded and plane, the very thin cuticle breaking up into large patches 
 and appearing as if it had been drawn inwards from thefimbriate margin. 
 St. 4-7-5 x -5-1 cm., white, or tinged greyish, equal, base bulbous. 
 Ring concolorous, firm, movable. Grills white, remote from the stem, 
 and separated by a cartilaginous collar, soft, crowded. Flesh white. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 1415 x 9-11^, with an apical germ-pore. 
 "Cystidia obtusely fusiform, 50 x 10/i" Lange. Taste and smell 
 pleasant. Edible. Heaths, and pastures, rarely in woods. May Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 124. L. gracilenta (Krombh.) Fr. Gracilenta, slender. 
 P. 7-12 cm., whitish, the fuscous cuticle breaking up into closely 
 
 adnate scales, ovate, then campanulate, and at length flattened, 
 umbonate; margin deprived of its cuticle. St. 12-15 x -5-1 cm., 
 whitish, covered with small, distinct, yellowish scales, attenuated up- 
 wards, base subbulbous. Ring white, floccose, very laxly woven, 
 movable, fugacious. Gills white, often dingy at the edge, remote from 
 the stem and separated by a broad, cartilaginous collar, very crowded. 
 Flesh white. Spores white, pip-shaped, 12-13 x 7-8fi, with a large 
 central gutta, and an apical germ-pore. "Cystidia on edge of gill 
 ventricose-bottle-shaped, 30-36 x 12-15ju," Rick. Taste and smell 
 pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 125. L. mastoidea Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 23, t. 24. 
 
 /nao-To? etSo9, breast-like. 
 
 P. 36 cm., whitish, the fuscous cuticle becoming broken up into 
 adpressed scales, campanulate, then convex, acutely umbonate. St. 
 7-10 cm. x 34 mm., whitish, or bistre, obsoletely squamulose, tough, 
 flexible, attenuated at the apex, base bulbous. Ring white, margin 
 brownish, entire, movable. Gills white, or cream colour, very remote 
 from the stem, and separated by a cartilaginous collar, lanceolate, 
 soft, very crowded. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 15 x 9-10/>t. 
 Taste and smell pleasant. Edible. Heaths, pastures, and clearings 
 in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 126. L. nympharum Kalchbr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 2, fig. 1. 
 
 Nympha, a bride. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., white, covered with white, concentric, squarrulose, torn 
 scales, that become somewhat ochraceous at their margin with age, 
 disc ochraceous, campanulate, then conico-convex. St. 7-510 x -5- 
 1 cm., white, attenuated upwards, base bulbous, apex mealy. Ring
 
 LEPIOTA 67 
 
 white, distant. Gills white, remote from the stem, and separated by 
 a cartilaginous collar, attenuated behind. Flesh white, becoming pink- 
 ish under the cuticle of the pileus and at the base of the st. Spores 
 white, subglobose, or elliptical, 7 x 6/i, or 7-10 x 6/x, with a large 
 central gutta. Taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths and hedgerows. Oct. 
 Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 (b) Ring fixed, homogeneous with the universal veil which clothes 
 the st.; apex of st. without a cartilaginous collar; p. torn into 
 scales, or flocci. 
 
 127. L. acutesquamosa (Weinm.) Fr. (= Lepiota aspera (Pers.) Quel.) 
 Holland, Champ. 1. 13, no. 20. Acutus, sharp; squamosa, scaled. 
 
 P. 3-12 cm., pale ferruginous, covered with small, rigid, apiculate, 
 fuscous, deciduous warts, which leave areolate scars, fleshy, hemispheri- 
 cal, then expanded, convex, very obtuse, tomentose. St. 7-5-10 x 1- 
 2-5 cm., white, becoming ferruginous downwards with the fibrils and 
 spirally arranged scales (the remains of the universal veil) attenuated 
 upwards, base subbulbous. Ring white, becoming yellow, margin 
 sprinkled with rust coloured warts on the underside, large, soft, pendu- 
 lous from the apex of the stem. Gills white, free, very crowded, 
 lanceolate, often branched. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, or globose, 3-6 x 3-4/n. Cystidia " obovate-subrotund " Lange. 
 Taste slightly bitter, smell strong. Woods, pastures, and bare soil. 
 Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 128. L. Friesii (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1105, t. 941. 
 
 Elias Fries, the prince of mycologists. 
 
 P. 9-10 cm., ferruginous fuscous, covered with adpressed, tomentose, 
 reddish brown scales, very fleshy, campanulate, then convex, soft. 
 St. 8-11 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, cylindrical, or subbulbous, scaly at 
 the base. Ring white, superior, pendulous. Gills white, linear, free, 
 often veined, branched. Flesh white, becoming yellowish, thick at the 
 disc. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 3-4 p, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on 
 edge of gill vesiculose, 15-18 x 10-13/x," Rick. Smell strong, taste 
 unpleasant. On bare soil in gardens, and in oak and beech woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 129. L. hispida (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 14. Hispida, rough. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., fuscous umber, fleshy, soft, hemispherical, then ex- 
 panded, umbonate, tomentose, then breaking up into thin, pointed, 
 fugacious papillae, or scales. St. 7-5 x -5-1 cm.., fuscous umber, attenu- 
 ated upwards, densely fioccosely scaly below the ring. Ring whitish, 
 superior, membranaceous, reflexed, floccose. Gills white, remote 
 from the stem, with a prominent collar encircling the stem, crowded, 
 
 52
 
 68 LEPIOTA 
 
 ventricose. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/x. 
 Cystidia none. Smell of radish. Shady beech woods, and coniferous 
 woods. Aug. Oct. Eare. (v.v.) 
 
 130. L. Badhami B. & Br. Boud. Icon. t. 11. Dr. C. D. Badham. 
 
 Whole plant becoming saffron-red when touched or wounded, then 
 finally blackish. P. 5-12 cm., greyish, campanulate, obtuse, at length 
 expanded, often depressed and umbonate, hispid, with minute, vel- 
 vety, fuliginous scales, but sometimes entirely fuliginous without any 
 distinct scales. St. 5-18 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, silky, or floccoso- 
 scaly, attenuated above, base bulbous. King white, firm, erect, and 
 deflexed, more or less movable, often clothed with dingy granules on 
 the outside. Gills white, remote from the stem. Flesh white, instantly 
 becoming red when cut, and finally blackish. Spores white, elliptical, 
 or pip-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4/x, 1-2-guttulate. Smell rather disagreeable. 
 Under oaks, Spanish chestnuts, yews, and in hedgerows. Sept. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 131. L. meleagris (Sow.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 26, t. 26. 
 
 Meleagris, a guinea-fowl. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., fawn colour, covered with minute blackish scales, fleshy, 
 thin, ovate, or hemispherical, very obtuse, minutely tomentose and 
 warty, then expanded, somewhat campanulate. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 5- 
 8 mm., concolorous, here and there tinged with yellow, minutely squamu- 
 lose below the ring, fusiform, or attenuated upwards from the bulbous 
 base. Ring white, often covered with minute blackish scales on the out- 
 side, torn, very fugacious. Gills white, then rose colour, rarely lemon 
 colour, becoming reddish by rubbing, remote from the stem and 
 separated by a collar, rounded behind, sometimes connected, 
 ventricose. Flesh turning red, as does the whole plant when 
 dried. Spores "elliptical, 6-7 x 4/u," Massee. Taste not disagree- 
 able. Plantations, hedgerows, hot beds, and spent tan. May Oct. 
 Rare. 
 
 132. L. emplastnun Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1106, t. 1164. 
 
 fj,7r\aa-rpov, a plaster. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., pallid, covered with a smooth, membranaceous, dark 
 brown cuticle, which becomes broken up into large, persistent patches, 
 convex, then expanded, silky below the cuticle. St. 7-5 x 1-1-5 cm., 
 pallid, equal, base slightly thickened, more or less striate. Ring 
 whitish, externally brown at the margin, rather distant, erect. Gills 
 whitish, remote from the stem, crowded, narrowed behind. Flesh 
 white, becoming pink, or reddish when cut. Spores white, elliptical, 
 obliquely apiculate, 18-20 x 10-12^. Under trees. Oct. Rare.
 
 LEPIOTA 69 
 
 133. L. biornata B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 27, t. 37. 
 
 Bis ornata, doubly adorned. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., white, or yellowish, sprinkled with scattered, minute, 
 dark red scales, fleshy, convex, broadly campanulate. St. 10 cm. 
 x 8 mm., whitish spotted with red, attenuated at the base, rooting. 
 Eing white, spotted at the edge like the pileus, descending. Gills 
 white, approximate, ventricose, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, or yellow, 
 reddish in the stem. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 8/i. The whole plant 
 becomes blackish when dry. Melon, and cucumber frames. July. 
 Eare. 
 
 134. L. clypeolaria (Bull.) Fr. (= Lepiota metulaespora B. & Br. of 
 many British authors.) Cke. Illus. no. 28, t. 27, as Lepiota 
 hispida Lasch. Clypeus, a shield. 
 
 P. 3-7-5 cm., very variable in colour, at first covered with a yellow, or 
 'brownish, dense felt, which breaks up into floccose, torn patches, fleshy, 
 campanulate, then convex, and flattened, disc gibbous; margin ap- 
 pendiculate with the remains of the ring. St. 6-8 cm. x 4-10 mm., 
 concolorous, equal, or slightly thickened at the base, fragile, clothed 
 with the same felt-like covering below the ring. Eing concolorous, floccose, 
 fugacious. Gills white or becoming yellow, free, 6 mm. broad, soft, some- 
 what crowded. Flesh white, floccose. Spores white, fusiform, 14- 
 15 x 6jLt, 1-many-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. 
 Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 135. L. clypeolarioides Eea (= Lepiota clypeolaria Auct. plur. non 
 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 29, t. 38, as Lepiota clypeolaria Bull. 
 
 Clypeolaria etSo?, resembling L. clypeolaria. 
 
 P. 35 cm., tan colour, covered with small, adpressed reddish brown 
 scales and fibrils, fleshy, convex, obtusely umbonate, then plane and 
 depressed. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, scaly below the 
 ring, slightly attenuated upwards. Eing concolorous, narrow, distant. 
 Gills white, becoming yellowish, free, crowded. Flesh white. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4/u,, or 8 x 5/x, 1-guttulate. Woods, and 
 hedgerows. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 136. L. pratensis (Fr.) Eea. Pratensis, growing in meadows. 
 P. 2-5 cm., yellowish tawny, disc darker, margin paler, convex, then 
 
 expanded, obtusely umbonate, almost smooth. St. 6-7 cm. x 6-10 mm., 
 yellowish, densely clothed with erect, white flocci up to the ring. Eing 
 white, floccose, somewhat fugacious. Gills white, free, attenuated at 
 both ends, crowded. Flesh white, brownish under the epidermis and 
 at the base of the stem. Spores white, fusiform, 12-14 x 4-5/z, 1-2- 
 guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths, hillsides, and 
 pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 70 LEPIOTA 
 
 137. L. alba (Bres.) Sacc. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 16, fig. 1, as Lepiota 
 
 clypeolaria Bull. var. alba Bres. Alba, white. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., whitish, becoming yellowish with age, fleshy, convex, then 
 expanded, broadly umbonate, disc glabrous ; margin fibrillosely floc- 
 culose, then squamulose. St. 4-6 cm. x 8-10 mm., white, somewhat 
 fuscous at the base, equal, or attenuated downwards, white floccose and 
 spotted below the ring, often forming a spurious second ring, finally 
 becoming glabrous. Ring white, floccose and yellow on the outside, 
 striate inside, distant, fugacious. Gills white, then ochraceous, free, 
 crowded, 5-7 mm. broad. Flesh white, somewhat yellowish in the stem. 
 Spores white, obovate-oblong, rounded at the one end, apiculate at 
 the other, 11-14 x 6-7 p, 1-guttulate. Edible. Heaths, and hillsides. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 138. L. gracilis (Quel.) Rea. GracUis, slender. 
 P. 2-3 cm., whitish, disc brown, becoming broken up into brownish or 
 
 rufous squamules, convex, then plane, floccose; margin white, be- 
 coming torn. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-5 mm., whitish, becoming discoloured, 
 equal, smooth. Ring white, with a few scattered brownish squamules, 
 median, silky, floccose, fugacious. Gills white, free, crowded. Flesh 
 white, thin, floccose. Spores white, pip-shaped, or elliptical with an 
 oblique basal apiculus, 9-11 x 5-6//,. Cystidia none. Under beeches. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 139. L. fulvella Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 2, fig. 2. 
 
 Fulvella, somewhat tawny. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., somewhat tawny, fleshy, convexo-campanulate, then 
 expanded and subumbonate, covered with closely adpressed, darker 
 squamules; margin thin. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-6 mm., concolorous, equal, 
 or attenuated downwards, hollow, smooth. Ring whitish, inferior, 
 fugacious. Gills pallid, then ochraceous, 4-6 mm. broad, free, rounded 
 behind, crowded. Flesh whitish, watery. Spores white, oblong, angu- 
 lar, truncate at the base, acute, or acutely angular at the apex, 9- 
 10 x 3-5-4 JJL, 1-2-guttulate; basidia clavate, 4-sterigmata. Cystidia 
 subglobose, or pyriform, 14-18 x 8-12/z. Smell and taste none. Bare 
 soil in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 L. metulaespora B. & Br. The records of this as British are erroneous ; 
 
 they should be referred to Lepiota clypeolaria (Bull.) Fr. as 
 
 defined above. 
 
 140. L. helveola Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 8. 
 
 Helveola, pale yellowish. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., madder brown, somewhat fleshy, convex, then ex- 
 panded, subumbonate, scaly. St. 2-4 cm. x 3-7 mm., concolorous, 
 equal, fibrilloso-tomentose. Ring whitish, distant, fugacious. Gills
 
 LEPIOTA 71 
 
 creamy white, free, crowded, 4-5 mm. wide, ventricose, edge fimbriate. 
 Flesh white, becoming reddish when dry. Spores white, elliptical, or 
 subreniform, 6-10 x 4 6/i, granular. Poisonous. Amongst short 
 grass. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 141. L. felina (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1108, t. 943, fig. A. 
 
 Felina, cat-like. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., whitish, covered with concentric, small, blackish bistre 
 scales, disc blackish, convex, subumbonate. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., 
 white, often sprinkled with blackish bistre scales near the base, equal, or 
 subbulbous. Ring white, often sprinkled with blackish bistre scales, 
 superior, membranaceous, fugacious. Gills white, or yellowish, free, 
 ventricose. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4/x, 
 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-vesiculose, 33-36 x 8- 
 10/<i" Rick. Under conifers. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 142. L. micropholis B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 1108, t. 943, fig. B. 
 
 /Aitcpos, small; <f>o\i<;, a scale. 
 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., white, covered with minute, concentric, dark grey, or 
 blackish scales, conical, then plane; margin slightly striate. St. 
 2-2-5 cm. x 2 mm., white, curved, base minutely bulbous. Ring white, 
 blackish on the under surface, distant, spreading. Gills white, free, 
 2 mm. broad, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, very thin. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 56 x 3 4/A, with a large central gutta. On coconut 
 fibre in stoves, and on soil in pots. Aug. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 143. L. nigromarginata Massee. Niger, black; marginata, margined. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., pale sienna-ochre, covered with small, concentric, umber 
 scales, campanulate, soon expanded, subumbonate. St. 5-6 cm. 
 x 3 mm., buff, peronate below the ring, attenuated upwards. Ring 
 white, membranaceous, distant, persistent. Gills whitish, edge bordered 
 with dark umber, free, broader in front, narrow. Flesh whitish, thin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/z, 1-guttulate. Amongst grass. Rare. 
 
 144. L. cristata (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 31, t. 29. 
 
 Cristata, crested. 
 
 P. 27 cm., whitish, disc brown, covered with reddish brown scales, 
 slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, often umbonate, silky. 
 St. 46 cm. x 3-8 mm., white, yellowish, or rufescent, equal, silky, 
 fragile. Ring white, often tinged reddish, distant, membranaceous, 
 narrow, fugacious. Gills white, free, very crowded, plane. Flesh 
 white, often tinged reddish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4 p. 
 Cystidia "on edge of gill bottle-shaped, 30-36 x 8-12/*" Rick. Smell 
 strong, often of radish, taste unpleasant. Woods, pastures, and lawns. 
 July Nov. Common, (v.v.)
 
 72 LEPIOTA 
 
 145. L. castanea Quel. Quel. As. Fr. (1880), t. 8, fig. 1. 
 
 Kaaravov, the chestnut tree. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., reddish brown, campanulate, often umbonate, tomentose, 
 then shaggy. St. 34 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, becoming concolorous with 
 the tawny fibrils, firm, base bulbous. Ring white, narrow, thin, mem- 
 branaceous, silky, tawny on the outside, fugacious. Gills cream colour, 
 often tinged reddish when old, free, ventricose. Flesh cream colour, be- 
 coming reddish in the stem and occasionally in the pileus. Spores white, 
 oblong elliptical, or projectile-shaped, often with a spine-like appendage 
 on the one side, 10-11 x 3-5-4-5/A, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia "hair- 
 shaped, rather broad and obtuse " Lange. Smell pleasant. Poisonous. 
 Woods, and roadsides. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 146. L. scobinella Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. 
 
 Scobinella, fine sawdust. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., mouse grey, disc darker, convex, then plane, umbonate, 
 pellicle breaking up into minute, separable, bistre scales; margin whitish, 
 smooth, silky. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-7 mm., white, stuffed, equal, slightly 
 attenuated at the apex and base, covered with white squamules that 
 become tinged with bistre below the ring, striate above. Ring whitish, 
 becoming tinged with bistre at the edge, membranaceous, superior, often 
 fugacious. Gills white, becoming yellowish, 3-4 mm. wide, ventricose, 
 free, crowded. Flesh white, often tinged with fulvous at the base of 
 the stem, thick at the disc, very thin at the margin of the pileus, 
 floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 /a, contents granular. 
 Cystidia hyaline, clavato-cylindrical, 28-30 x 6/4, sparse. Woods and 
 pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 147. L. citrophylla B. & Br. Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. ix (1893), t. n, 
 fig. 1. /clrpov, lemon ; <f>v\\ov, gill. 
 
 P. 1-5-2 cm., lemon yellow, covered with rufous scales, convex, then 
 expanded, obtuse, or broadly umbonate, at length depressed. St. 
 2-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., lemon yellow, equal, squamulose. Ring fugacious. 
 Gills lemon yellow, free, rounded behind, or attenuated, minutely 
 serrate. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4ju,. On 
 the ground. Oct. Rare. 
 
 **P. not, or rarely squamulose, often granular, mealy or pruinose. 
 
 (a) Ring superior, fixed, subpersistent ; universal veil adnate to the p. 
 
 Collar wanting, or similar in texture to the flesh of the p. 
 
 L. Vittadinii (Moretti) Fr. = L. Amanita Vittadinii (Moretti) Vitt. 
 
 148. L. naucina Fr. (= Lepiota pudica (Bull.) Quel; Psaliota cre- 
 tacea Fr.) Rolland, Champ, t. 12, no. 17. Nucinus, nutty. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., white, often pinkish or yellowish, the thin cuticle 
 breaking up into evanescent granules, fleshy, soft, globose, then ex-
 
 LEPIOTA 73 
 
 panded, gibbous, or obtusely umbonate. St. 4-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, 
 fibrillose, attenuated upwards from the swollen base. Ring white, 
 membranaceous, superior, thick, fimbriate at the margin, often finally 
 fugacious. Gills white, free, separated by a collar, ventricose, soft, 
 crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, broadly ovoid, 8- 
 9 x 5-5/i, with a large central gutta. " Cystidia club-shaped, 55 x 10- 
 11/x," Lange. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures and gar- 
 dens. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. leucothites (Vitt.) Fr. Vitt. Fung. Mang. t. 40. Xeu/eo?, white. 
 
 Differs from the type in the p. breaking up into squamules especially 
 near the margin, and in the gills becoming pink with age. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 5/z, or 9 x 1p. Edible. Pastures and heaths. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 149. L. holosericea Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 34, t. 41. 
 
 0X09, wholly; (rrjpiKos, silky. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., white, or yellowish, fleshy, soft, convex, then expanded, 
 obtuse, fibrillosely silky. St. 6-10 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, soft, fragile, 
 base bulbous, silky-fibrillose. Ring whitish, membranaceous, superior, 
 large, soft, pendulous. Gills white, becoming cream colour, free, ventri- 
 cose, broad, crowded. Flesh white, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 
 8-9 x 4-5/z. Edible. Bare ground in arable fields, hopyards, and 
 gardens. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 150. L. erminea Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 32, t. 40. Erminea, white. 
 
 Entirely white with the exception of the ochraceous disc of the p. 
 P. 36 cm., campanulate, then flattened, slightly gibbous at the 
 prominent disc, becoming fibrillosely silky towards the margin. St. 
 57-5 cm. x 36 mm., equal, very fragile, silky. Ring membranaceous, 
 distant, narrow, at length torn and fugacious. Gills sinuate, then free, 
 somewhat crowded. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 9-11 x 3 4jti. 
 "Cystidia on edge of gill vesiculose-pyriform, 36-40 x 12-16ju," Rick. 
 Smell and taste of radish. Roadsides, and hilly pastures. Sept. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.V.) 
 
 151. L. constricta (Fr.) Quel. (= Armillaria constricta Fr.) Fr. Icon, 
 t. 18. Constricta, compressed. 
 
 Entirely white, becoming ochraceous when bruised. P. 3-5 cm., 
 fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, pruinose, then silky; margin at 
 first involute, and villous. St. 4-5 cm. x 6-9 mm., equal, or thickened 
 at the base, slightly rooting, fibrillose, or squamulose. Ring superior, . 
 narrow, adhering obliquely, at length fugacious. Gills emarginate, 
 then free, very crowded, unequal. Flesh compact. Spores white, 
 elliptical, granular, 7-8 x 4-5/x. Smell of new meal. Pastures,
 
 74 LEPIOTA 
 
 especially where the grass is scorched by urine, and amongst short 
 grass under conifers. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 152. L. cepaestipes (Sow.) Fr. (= Leucocoprinus cepaestipes (Sow.) 
 Pat.) Gillet, Champ. Fr. t. 414. Cepa, onion; stipes, stem. 
 
 Caespitose. P. 2-56 cm., white, or yellowish, covered with floccose, 
 fugacious, yellowish scales, disc deeper coloured, umbonate, membra- 
 naceous, obtusely conical, then campanulate ; margin striate. St. 7-5 
 10 cm. x 5-8 mm., white, attenuated upwards from the bulbous base, 
 covered with fugacious, delicate flocci. Ring white, narrow, membra- 
 naceous, separating-free, fugacious. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, 
 at length remote, attenuated at both ends, 4 mm. broad, very 
 crowded. Flesh white, then pinkish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 6-7 x 4-5/i, 1-guttulate, wfth an apical germ-pore. Taste bitter. On 
 tan in hot-houses, greenhouses, and in frames. March Oct. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. cretacea (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 333. 
 
 Cretacea, chalk-like. 
 
 Differs from the type in its chalk white colour and darker scales. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 /A, 1-guttulate. Greenhouses, and 
 on spent tan. May Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 153. L. lutea (Bolt.) Quel. (= Agaricusflos sulfuris Schnitz.) Boud. 
 
 Icon. t. 19. Lutea, yellow. 
 
 Entirely sulphur colour. P. 14 cm., campanulate, thin, deeply 
 striate, covered with concolorous flocci. St. 5-12 cm. x 3-4 mm., 
 covered with concolorous flocci, apex smooth, base bulbous. Ring 
 membranaceous. Gills free, remote, narrow. Flesh concolorous. 
 Spores white, oval, 8-10 x 5-7 /x, with a large central gutta. On 
 coconut fibre in greenhouses. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 154. L. medioflava Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. x (1894), 1. 1, fig. 1. 
 
 Medius, middle ; flava, yellow. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., white, soon expanded, and depressed, umbo prominent, 
 becoming light yellow, deeply striate, minutely tomentose. St. 4 
 7 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, minutely mealy above the ring, tomentose, 
 often becoming light yellow at the bulbous base. Ring white, median, 
 reflexed. Gills white, free, crowded, rounded behind. Flesh white, 
 Spores white, ovate, obtuse, 5-6 x 3/n, 1-guttulate. On decaying 
 coconut fibre, and soil in greenhouses. June Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 155. L. pseudo-licmophora Rea. (= Lepiotalicmophoraauct. non B. & 
 
 Br. and Petch.) 
 
 i/reuSffc, false; \LKfios, a winnowing fan; <f>epo), I bear. 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., lemon-yellow, sometimes wholly sulphur-white, mem- 
 branaceous, plane, depressed, deeply sulcote up to the central disc,
 
 LEPIOTA 75 
 
 glabrous; margin crenate. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., lemon-yellow, 
 attenuated upwards, base tomentose. Eing median. Grills lemon- 
 yellow, remote, narrow, 2 mm. broad, slightly arched, distant, inter- 
 stices veined. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 5 /A. In greenhouses. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 156. L. serena Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 57, t. 47, as Armillaria subcava 
 Schum. fide Boudier. Serena, clear. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., white, becoming yellowish with age, fragile, campanulate, 
 thin, expanded, becoming silky, margin slightly striate. St. 4-7 cm. 
 x 4-5 mm., white, becoming greyish, equal, base subbulbous. Ring 
 white, membranaceous, median, thin, narrow, erect, fugacious. Gills 
 white, free, ventricose. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4/x, multi- 
 guttulate. Amongst grass, and larch needles. Sept. Nov. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 (b) Universal veil sheathing the st., at first extending continuously 
 from the st. to the p., at length ruptured and forming an inferior 
 ring. P. granular or warted, consisting chiefly of globose cells. 
 
 L. pyrenaea Quel. = Pholiota aurea (Mattusch) Fr. fide R. Maire. 
 
 157. L. granulosa (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 39, t. 18, upper figs. 
 
 only. Granulosa, granular. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., ferruginous, or rusty-brown, becoming pale-hoary when 
 dry, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtusely umbonate, furfuraceo- 
 granular, often wrinkled; margin appendiculate with the veil. St. 
 59 cm. x 49 mm., white at the apex, covered below with fine, brownish 
 granules, equal. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, inferior, torn. Gills 
 whitish, or cream colour, slightly adnexed, or sinuato-adnate. Flesh 
 yellowish, becoming reddish in the lower portion of the st. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 5 /A. "Cystidia hair-shaped, acute, small, 2-3 /u, 
 broad" Lange. Taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths, and hilly woods. 
 July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. rufescens B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 40, t. 213, upper figs. 
 
 Rufescens, becoming reddish. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, and the pure white p. and st. 
 partially turning red with age or when bruised. Spores oval, 34 x 2/x,. 
 Amongst beech leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 158. L. amianthina (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 40, t. 213, lower figs. 
 
 a/u'ai>T09, unspotted. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., ochraceous, somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, sub- 
 umbonate, furfuraceo-granulose, often wrinkled. St. 3-5 cm. x 4- 
 6 mm., whitish at the apex, covered with ochraceous granules below the 
 equal. Ring concolorous, granular on the outside, inferior,
 
 76 LEPIOTA 
 
 fugacious. Gills cream colour, adnate, crowded. Flesh yellow. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/i. Cystidia none. Taste pleasant. Edible. 
 Coniferous woods, heaths, and lawns. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Broadwoodiae B. & Br. Miss S. Broadwood. 
 
 Differs from the type in the delicately tomentose p., and infiexed 
 margin. Woods. Rare. 
 
 var. alba Rene Maire. Alba, white. 
 
 Differs from the type in being entirely white. Woods. Oct. Rare. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 159. L. cinnabarina (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 38, t. 43. 
 
 fcivvdftapi, dragon's blood. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., cinnabar-colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, 
 granuloso-furfuraceous ; margin fimbriate. St. 4-7 x 1-2 cm., con- 
 colorous, covered with reddish granules below the ring, subbulbous. Ring 
 concolorous, thin, narrow, inferior, fugacious. Gills white, free, lanceo- 
 late. Flesh ochraceous, reddish under the cuticle of the p. and st. Spores 
 white, elliptical, obtuse, 4 x 2-5-3 p,, 1-guttulate. "Cystidia hair- 
 shaped, acute" Lange. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Terreyi B. & Br. Saund. & Sm. t. 35, figs. 1-5. 
 
 Michael Terrey. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., bright tawny, somewhat hemispherical, pulverulent, 
 roughened with minute warts. St. somewhat equal, often cylindrical, 
 covered below the ring with furfuraceous scales of the same colour as 
 the p. Ring at length torn into fragments. Gills white, remote, narrow, 
 not branched. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 4/i. Sandy ground. Rare. 
 
 160. L. carcharias (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 37, t. 42. 
 
 tcdpxapos, sharp-pointed. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., flesh coloured, fleshy, convex, then plane, often umbonate, 
 covered with minute granules. St. 3-6 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, 
 and covered with minute, pointed warts below the ring, apex white, sub- 
 bulbous, or equal and attenuated upwards. Ring concolorous, covered 
 on the outside with the same minute, pointed warts. Gills white, adnate. 
 Flesh whitish, or ochraceous. Spores white, elliptical, obtuse, 4-5 x 2 
 3/A, 1-3-guttulate. Taste disagreeable, smell unpleasant. Coniferous 
 woods, and amongst short grass. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 161. L. rosea Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 2, fig. 1. 
 
 Rosea, rose colour. 
 
 P. 2-3-5 cm., bright rose colour, somewhat fleshy, convex, then ex- 
 panded, densely granular, or mealy, consisting of globose cells, 45- 
 50 fj. in diam. ; margin thin. St. 5-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., ivhitish, becoming
 
 LEPIOTA 77 
 
 concolorous, equal, hollow, smooth. Ring concolorous, membranace- 
 ous, medial, narrow, soon fugacious. Gills whitish, then ochraceous, 
 free, rounded behind, crowded, 45 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, be- 
 coming reddish especially in the stem. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3ja, 
 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Bare 
 soil in moist, shady woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 162. L. atrocrocea W. G. Sin. Ater, black; crocea, saffron. 
 P. 3-4 cm., bright salmon orange, more or less covered with purple 
 
 brown, almost black, granular fiocci, expanded, then slightly depressed. 
 St. bright salmon orange, attenuated upwards, covered with salmon 
 brown squamules. Ring fugacious. Gills salmon white, broadly adnate. 
 Flesh salmon orange brown, thin. Oct. Rare. 
 
 163. L. haematosperma (Bull.) Boud. (= Lepiota echinata (Roth) 
 Boud.) Boud. Icon. t. 12. alpa, blood; crTre/o/x-a, seed. 
 
 P. 2-3-5 cm., blackish grey, more or less olivaceous, convex, then 
 plane, very thin, fragile, finely granular', margin paler, appendiculate 
 with the veil. St. 3^6 cm. x 2-3 mm., dark, becoming vinous, equal, 
 or slightly bulbous, base covered with pulverulent, fugacious granules. 
 Ring reddish, floccose, granular on the outside, inferior, fugacious. 
 Gills blood red, free, ventricose, rounded behind. Flesh whitish, be- 
 coming reddish under the epidermis and in the stem. Spores pale 
 ochraceous in the mass, becoming reddish with age, elliptical, 45 x 3/A. 
 Cystidia none. Smell strong. Hedgerows, gardens, and occasionally 
 in woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 164. L. polysticta Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 41, t. 30. 
 
 TroXu?, many; o-rt/cro?, spotted. 
 
 P. 2-^5 cm., ochraceous, covered on the obtusely umbonate disc with 
 minute red brown scales from the breaking up of the cuticle, fleshy, 
 firm, tough, convex, then expanded ; margin often appendiculate with 
 the veil. St. 3-5 cm. x 5-9 mm., white at the apex, densely clothed with 
 reddish, ferruginous scales below the ring, equal, or attenuated down- 
 wards. Ring concolorous, very narrow, inferior, very fugacious. Gills 
 white, then yellowish, free, rounded before and behind, broad, ventri- 
 cose, crowded. Flesh, whitish, slightly reddish under the epidermis of 
 the st. and p. Spores white, sub-globose, 4 x 3jn, 1-4-guttulate. Open 
 pastures, and amongst short grass in woods. Sept. Nov. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 (c) Smaller, slender. P. dry, cuticle entire, not scaly nor granular. 
 
 165. L. parvannulata (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 16, fig. 3. 
 
 Parvus, small; annulata, ringed. 
 
 P. 12 cm., white, becoming yellowish when dry, thin, ovato-cam- 
 lulate, then plane, pruinose, then silky. St. 1-2 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
 
 78 LEPIOTA 
 
 white, equal, fibrillose below the ring. Ring white, very small, distant, 
 entire. Gills cream colour, free, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/n. Cystidia none. Amongst mosses 
 and short grass in woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (**) 
 
 166. L. sistrata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 42, t. 85, fig. A. 
 
 Sistrum, a rattle. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., whitish, becoming light yellowish, or flesh colour, disc often 
 darker, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and obsoletely 
 umbonate, pruinate with shining atoms, margin often appendiculate 
 with the veil. St. 2*5-5 cm. x 1^4 mm., white, or flesh colour, equal, 
 flbrillosely silky and pruinose below the ring. Ring concolorous, fibril- 
 lose, fugacious. Gills white, free, reaching the stem, crowded, 4 mm. 
 broad, ventricose. Flesh white, often pinkish in the stem, fragile. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x 1-5-2/i. On bare ground in woods, and 
 by roadsides. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 167. L. seminuda (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 43, t. 19, fig. a. 
 
 Semi, half; nuda, naked. 
 
 P. 12 cm., whitish, or flesh colour, becoming yellowish, very thin, 
 campanulato-expanded, umbonate, at first covered with fugacious, 
 floccose meal, margin appendiculate with the veil. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 
 2 mm., whitish, or flesh colour, equal, mealy below the ring. Ring con- 
 colorous, mealy, torn, fugacious. Gills white, then cream colour, free, but 
 reaching the st., thin, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, often pinkish 
 in the st. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 2/x. Smell pleasant. Amongst 
 moss in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 168. L. Bucknallii B. & Br. (= Lepiota lilacina Quel.) Boud. Bull. 
 Soc. Myc. Fr. ix (1893), t. n, as Lepiota lilacina Quel. 
 
 Cedric Bucknall. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., white, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, minutely 
 mealy, and becoming tinged with lilac. St. 5-7 cm. x 3-5 mm., white, 
 gradually attenuated upwards, densely mealy, and becoming deep lilac 
 below the ring with age or bruising. Ring concolorous, mealy, fuga- 
 cious. Gills yellowish, free, not crowded. Flesh white, becoming deep 
 lilac in the lower two-thirds of the st. Spores white, boat-shaped, 
 7-8 x 3/Lt, 3-guttulate. Smell strong of gas-tar. Amongst grass. Oct. 
 Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 169. L. mesomorpha (Bull.) Fr. yLteo-o?, middle; fji,op<f>ij, form. 
 
 P. 1 -5-2-5 cm., whitish, or yellowish flesh colour, umbo deeper coloured, 
 slightly fleshy, very thin, campanulate, then expanded, at first pu- 
 bescent, then becoming smooth, or minutely granular. St. 5-7-5 cm.
 
 LEPIOTA 79 
 
 x 2 mm., concolorous, slightly attenuated upwards, silky. Ring mem- 
 branaceous, floccose, superior, entire, spreading, fugacious. Gills 
 whitish, or cream colour, free, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, thin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4/u, guttulate. Woods. Sept. Nov. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 170. L. ianthina Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1112, t. 944, fig. A. 
 
 Idv6ivo<f, coloured violet. 
 
 P. 2 cm., whitish, covered with violet, radiating, hair-like squamules, 
 umbonate disc dark violet, fibrillose, thin, campanula te, then expanded. 
 St. 2-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, subequal, somewhat flexuose. Ring 
 distant, narrow, fugacious. Gills whitish, free, 2 mm. broad, lanceo- 
 late, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thin. Stoves. March. Rare. 
 
 171. L. martialis Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1112, t. 944, fig. B. 
 
 Martialis, belonging to Mars. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., clear deep pink, disc darker, becoming yellowish with age, 
 thin, campanulate, then plane, minutely silky, margin striate. St. 
 2-5-4 cm. x 3 mm., pale ochraceous at the apex, pinkish red below the 
 ring, slightly attenuated upwards. Ring white, broad, pendulous, 
 rather distant, persistent. Gills whitish, free, 2 mm. broad, somewhat 
 lanceolate, rather crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 8 x 4jti. On the trunk of a tree fern. March. Rare. 
 
 172. L. submarasmioides Speg. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; Marasmius e'So?, like a Marasmius. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., pale buff, umbo taivny, convex, then expanded, floccosely 
 wrinkled towards the margin. St. 5 cm. x 3 mm., white, equal, slightly 
 striate. Ring whitish, superior, fugacious. Gills ochraceous, free, 
 3 mm. wide, rounded at both ends, crowded. Flesh white, reddish 
 under the epidermis of the p. and in the st., tough. Spores pale ochrace- 
 ous, deltoid, or pyramidal, 5-6 x 3/x,. On bare ground, Malvern Hills. 
 Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 B. EPIDERMIS VISCID. 
 
 173. L. medullata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 16. Medullata, pithy. 
 
 P. 4-7 cm., white, often greyish at the disc, slightly fleshy, convexo- 
 plane, umbonate, viscid; margin appendiculate with the veil. St. 
 7-5 cm. x 6 mm., white, dry, equal, silky and squamulqse below the 
 ring, apex striate, stuffed with a distinct separable pith. Ring white, 
 incomplete, torn. Gills white, free, broader in front, ventricose, crowded. 
 Flesh white, soft, watery. Smell strong of radish. Coniferous woods. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 80 LEPIOTA 
 
 174. L. arida (Fr.) Gillet. (= Amanita arida Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 12, 
 as Amanita arida Fr. Arida, dry. 
 
 P. 5-7 cm., greyish, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, silky; margin 
 whitish, sulcato-striate. St. 6-9 x 1 cm., white, glabrous, floccose at 
 the incrassated base. Ring concolorous, distant. Gills white, then flesh 
 colour, attenuato-adnate. Flesh white, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 
 9-10 x 7-7-5/Lt. Birch and fir woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 175. L. lenticularis (Lasch) Cke. (= Amanita lenticularis (Lasch) 
 Fr., Lepiota guttata (Pers.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 13, as Amanita 
 lenticularis Lasch. Lenticula, a lentil. 
 
 P. 4-10 cm., pinkish tan colour, fleshy, globose, then campanulato- 
 convex; margin paler, slightly glutinous. St. 8-10 x 1-2 cm., white, 
 or cream colour, apex marked with dark green, watery drops in very wet 
 weather, which on drying become dingy, equal, or subbulbous, floccose, 
 or smooth below the ring. Ring concolorous, often spotted like the apex 
 of the stem, large, superior. Gills whitish, sometimes inclining to oliva- 
 ceous, free, approximate, ventricose, broader in front, very crowded, 
 sometimes forked. Flesh white, reddish at the base of the st. Spores 
 white, pip-shaped, or elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /z. Smell mouldy. Edible. 
 Deciduous woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. megalodactylus (B. & Br.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 15, t. 11, as 
 Amanita megalodactylus B. /meyas, large; 8a/rrv\o9, ringer. 
 Differs from the type in being thinner, and paler in colour. Woods. 
 Oct. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 176. L. irrorata Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8. 
 
 Irrorata, bedewed. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., yellowish, then straw colour, firm, convex, covered like 
 the stem with dew-like transparent drops. St. 3-4 cm. x 7-10 mm., 
 white, satiny above the ring, silky and variegated with small yellow, or 
 brownish squamules below, equal. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, 
 narrow. Gills white, then cream colour, free, emarginate, 4 mm. wide, 
 ventricose. Flesh white. Spores white, ovoid, 4-5 x 4/z, punctate. 
 Pastures, and clearings in woods. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 177. L. illinita Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 16. lUinitus, besmeared. 
 P. 4-9 cm., white, or yellowish, fleshy, globose, then convex, umbo- 
 
 nate, umbo often becoming fuscous, viscid; margin slightly striate, 
 sometimes fimbriate. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., white, very viscid, equal, or 
 subbulbous, fragile. Ring white, membranaceous, thin. Gills white, 
 free, at length remote, crowded, soft, somewhat connected by veins. 
 Flesh white, floccose, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or sub- 
 globose, 6 x 4-5/i, 1-2-guttulate. Smell pleasant. Plantations. 
 Aug. Sept. Rare, (v.v.)
 
 LEPIOTA. HIATTJLA. ANNULARIA 81 
 
 178. L. glioderma Fr. (= Armillaria glioderma (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon, 
 t. 15. <y\oiov, viscid; Sep/j,a, skin. 
 
 P. 4 cm., brownish red, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then convex, 
 broadly gibbous, or obtuse, glutinous. St. 7'5 cm. x 46 mm., whitish, 
 or rufescent, equal, fragile, dry, floccosely scaly up to the ring. Ring 
 white above, rufescent squamulose on the outside, fibrillose, silky, torn. 
 Grills white, or cream colour, free, approximate, ventricose, broad, 
 crowded. Flesh white, then pinkish, soft, thin. Spores white, sub- 
 globose, 5)it. Fir woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 L. delicata Fr. = Armillaria delicata (Fr.) Boud. 
 
 179. L. Georginae W. G. Sm. Cke. lUus. no. 47, t. 132. 
 
 Miss Georgina E. Johnstone. 
 
 Entirely white, turning crimson everywhere when touched, and finally 
 becoming brown when dry. P. 13 cm., slightly fleshy, fragile, cam- 
 panulate, then expanded, covered with a minute, dense, viscid pruinosity ; 
 margin at length striate. St. 2-55 cm. x 34 mm., slightly attenu- 
 ated upwards, viscido-pruinose. Ring fugacious. Gills free, very thin, 
 moderately distant, somewhat ventricose, 3 mm. broad. Spores 
 pinkish in the mass, pip-shaped, 6-8 x 4/x, 1- rarely 2-guttulate. Pine 
 woods and amongst mosses in a cool fernery. May Nov. Rare. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 HiatulaFr. 
 (Hio, I gape.) 
 
 Pileus slightly fleshy at the disc, campanulate. Stem central. Ring 
 very fugacious, not manifest in the adult stage. Gills free, or adnate. 
 Spores white, subglobose, smooth, with a germ-pore. Growing on wood. 
 
 180. H. Wynniae B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 676, t. 688. 
 
 Mrs Lloyd Wynne. 
 
 Entirely shining white. P. 3-4 cm., very thin, campanulate, then 
 plane, with a trace of an umbo, striate, pulverulent, disc darker. St. 
 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., equal, striate. Gills free, or very slightly adnexed 
 at first, subdistant, 2 mm. broad, scarious. Spores white, subglobose, 
 5 x 4/i, with a germ-pore. On wood in stoves. Phosphorescent. A 
 native of Queensland. 
 
 Spores pink. 
 Annularia Schulz. 
 
 (Annularia, pertaining to a signet-ring.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring large, free, or adnate. 
 Gills free. Spores pink, globose, or oval, smooth, continuous. Cystidia 
 ventricose. Growing on the ground, or on wood.
 
 82 ANNULABIA. PSALIOTA 
 
 181. A. laevis (Krombh.) Schulz. (= Lepiota pudica (Bull.) Quel.) 
 Krombh. Icon. t. 26, figs. 16 and 17, as Agaricus laevis Krombh, 
 
 Laevis, smooth. 
 
 P. 5-12 cm., white, disc brownish, or yellowish, convex, expanded, 
 obtuse, or subumbonate, sometimes minutely squamulose; margin 
 often cracked, appendiculate with the remains of the ring. St. 
 4-12 x -5-1 cm., white, slightly attenuated upwards, base bulbous, 
 silky. Ring white, large, free, subdistant. Gills white, then flesh colour, 
 free, narrowed behind, somewhat crowded, thin. Flesh white, firm. 
 Spores pink, "subglobose, 7-8 /i" Massee. Bushy places amongst 
 grass. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 182. A. transilvanica Schulz. 
 
 Transilvanica, belonging to Transylvania. 
 
 P. whitish, disc darker, campanulate, striate to the vertex; margin 
 lobed. St. paler than the p., flocculose, hollow. Ring membranaceous, 
 complete. Gills crowded, unequal. 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous. 
 
 Psaliota Fr. 
 (fyakiov, a ring.) 
 
 Pileus more or less fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring mem- 
 branaceous, adnate, persistent, rarely fugacious. Gills free. Spores 
 fuscous purple, reddish purple, blackish purple, or fuscous, elliptical, 
 oval, globose, or obovate, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia present, 
 or absent. Growing on the ground. 
 
 *Large, fleshy. 
 
 183. P. augusta Fr. (= Psaliota Elvensis B. & Br. sec. Quel.) Bres. 
 
 Fung. Trid. t. 60, as Psalliota villatica Brond. 
 
 Augusta, majestic. 
 
 P. 10-30 cm., whitish, fuscous citron, or dark straw colour, fleshy, 
 globose-hemispherical, then expanded, very obtuse, silky, soon break- 
 ing up into adpressed squamules; margin exceeding the gills, tomen- 
 tosely toothed. St. 6-20 x 1-5-5 cm., white, becoming yellowish when 
 bruised, then brownish, very firm, attenuated upwards from the base 
 which is sunk in the earth, smooth, flocculose just under the ring. 
 Ring white and smooth above, yellowish and areolately floccose on the 
 under side, very wide, adnate to the st. for 2-3 cm., then free and 
 pendulous. Gills pallid, then fuscous, free, separated from the st. by a 
 broad collar, narrow at first, becoming wider, simple, thin, crowded. 
 Flesh whitish, becoming yellowish or brownish in the st. when broken, 
 soft, floccose like that of Lepiota procera. Spores brownish purple,
 
 PSALIOTA 83 
 
 elliptical, 7-13 x 5-6/i. Smell pleasant like anise, sometimes dis- 
 agreeable. Taste pleasant, often like almonds. Edible. Woods, and 
 pastures, often near ant hills. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 184. P. peronata Massee non Roz. et Rich. (= Psaliota augusta Fr. 
 sec. Rene Maire.) Peronata, booted. 
 
 P. 10-12-5 cm., pale dull ochraceous, densely covered with small, 
 brown, silky scales, that become larger towards the margin, fleshy, 
 hemispherical, then expanded. St. 12-5-15 x 1-5 cm., white, equal, 
 marginately bulbous at the base, covered with large, white, upward point- 
 ing, squarrose scales below the ring, smooth above the ring. Ring 
 yellowish, large, spreading. Gills pink, then pale purple brown, very 
 distant from the st., 6-7 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, becoming 
 brownish in the st. when cut. Spores purple-brown, obliquely ellip- 
 tical, 6 x 4/1,. Taste pleasant. Edible. Pine woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 185. P. Elvensis B. & Br. Boud. Icon. t. 134. 
 
 Elvensis, belonging to the river Elwy. 
 
 P. 8-15 cm., purplish brown, fleshy, subglobose, then hemispherical, 
 at length often flattened and slightly depressed at the areolate disc, 
 fibrillose, breaking up into large, persistent, floccose, pointed, somewhat 
 revolute darker scales; margin very obtuse, thick, covered with pyra- 
 midal warts. St. 7-15 x 2-5-5 cm., concolorous and fibrillose below the 
 ring, apex paler, equal, becoming swollen in the centre, and attenu- 
 ated at the base. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, thick, deflexed, 
 broken here and there, more or less floccose at the margin and on the 
 underside which is often areolate. Gills brownish flesh colour, then 
 brownish purple, free, 6-8 mm. broad. Flesh turning red when cut, 
 then becoming brownish, thick, firm. Spores brownish purple, globose, 
 or subglobose, 6 x 4-5 p, with a large central gutta. Smell and taste 
 pleasant. Edible. Often caespitose. Under oaks, beeches, firs, and 
 on roadsides. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 186. P. Bernard!! Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. ra, t. 14. 
 
 G. Bernard. 
 
 P. 10-20 cm., white, then becoming ferruginous at the apex of the 
 warts, fleshy, convex, then expanded, firm, the tomentose surface 
 soon breaking up into thick, angular warts. St. 6-7 x 4-5 cm., white, 
 becoming reddish brown with age, attenuated upwards from the bulbous 
 base, apex striate. Ring white, membranaceous, soon disappearing, 
 striate on the upper surface. Gills greyish flesh colour, then blackish 
 purple, free, attenuated at both ends, 8-12 mm. broad. Flesh white, 
 then tinged with purple, and finally stained with reddish brown, firm. 
 Spores blackish purple, ovoid elliptical, 9-11 x 6-7 fj,, 1-guttulate, 
 with an apical germ-pore. Smell unpleasant. Taste disagreeable. 
 near the sea. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 K^astures
 
 84 PSALIOTA 
 
 187. P. arvensis (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 71, no. 159. 
 
 Arvensis, belonging to cultivated fields. 
 
 P. 7-20 cm., whitish, becoming stained with yellow, fleshy, globoso- 
 campanulate, then flattened, obtuse, flocculoso-mealy when young, then 
 slightly silky even or squamulose, dry. St. 7-12 x 2-5-3 cm., white, 
 often stained with yellow, thickened at the base, obsoletely marginato- 
 bulbous when young, villose. Ring white, superior, large, pendulous, 
 formed as it were of two growing together, the interior one membrana- 
 ceous, uniform, the exterior one thicker and shorter, somewhat free at the 
 circumference, often appendiculate at the margin of the p., radiately 
 split. Gills white, at length reddish fuscous, free, approximate, ventri- 
 cose, broader in front, always arid. Flesh white, or tinged with yellow, 
 compact, firm, juicy, at length softer. Spores brownish purple, 
 elliptical, 810 x 5 6 /A. Smell pleasant, often like new meal. Taste 
 mild. Edible. Often forming large rings. Pastures, and woods. 
 May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. purpurascens Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 541, t. 584. 
 
 Purpurascens, becoming purple. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size and in the p. becoming tinged 
 with purple. Spores reddish brown, broadly elliptical, 4-5 x Sp, 1- 
 guttulate. Woods, pastures and under trees. July Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. albosquamosa W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 8. 
 
 Albus, white; squamosa, scaly. 
 
 Differs from the type in the snow-white patches on the fawn- 
 coloured p. the remains of the universal veil. Artificially made 
 mushroom beds. Not uncommon. 
 
 var. vaporaria (Otto) W. G. Sm. (= Psaliota campestris (Linn.) Fr. 
 
 var. vaporaria (Otto) Fr.) Vaporaria, of hothouses. 
 
 Differs from the type in the smooth, pilose brown p., and the white St., 
 
 reddish at the apex, and brownish, or reddish at the base. A cultivated 
 
 form in mushroom beds. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. hortensis (Cke.) W. G. Sm. (= Psaliota campestris (Linn.) Fr. 
 var. hortensis Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 545, t. 527, as Psaliota cam- 
 pestris Linn. var. hortensis. Hortensis, of gardens. 
 Differs from the type in the fibrillose, or squamulose brownish p. 
 Artificially made mushroom beds. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Buchananii (Berk.) W. G. Sm. (= Psaliota campestris (Linn.) Fr. 
 var. Buchanani Berk.) Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 10. 
 
 Buchanan, a gardener. 
 
 Differs from the type in the white, opaque, nearly smooth, depressed 
 p. Artificially made mushroom beds.
 
 PSALIOTA 85 
 
 var. cryptarum (Letell.) W. G. Sm. (= Psaliota campestris (Linn.) Fr. 
 var. cryptarum (Letell.) Fr.) Kpinrrrj, a cave. 
 
 Differs from the type in the greyish white, or brownish white p. A 
 cultivated form in caves. 
 
 var. intermedia W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 5. 
 
 Intermedia, intermediate. 
 
 Differs from the type in the pale, livid brassy-yellow p., with small 
 rusty-yellowish spots at the middle, in the very short, obese, dull whitish, 
 stained pale rusty st., and in the white flesh, becoming pale vinous-brown. 
 Amongst rank grass in fields, often near trees. 
 
 var. epileata W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 16. 
 
 E, without; pileatus, having a cap. 
 
 Differs from the type in the almost or quite obsolete p. and in the 
 white, ringless st. inflated below. It is really an aborted form and un- 
 worthy of a varietal name. Artificially prepared mushroom beds. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. obesa W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 15. 
 
 Obesa, stout. 
 
 Differs from the type in the ventricose st. equalling, or exceeding the 
 width of the p., in the very narrow gills, and in the white flesh sometimes 
 changing to deep mahogany brown. This is a monstrous form and un- 
 worthy of a varietal name. Artificially prepared mushroom beds. 
 Often common, (v.v.) 
 
 188. P. xanthoderma Genev. (= Pratella cretacea Quel. sec. Maire.) 
 Roze et Eichon, t. 17, figs. 5-8. gavQos, yellow; Sep/ia, skin. 
 P. 8-12 cm., white, then somewhat tawny, becoming stained with 
 yellow, especially when touched or rubbed, fleshy, campanulate, then 
 convex, at length expanded, silky. St. 8-12 x 2-3 cm., white, be- 
 coming yellow where touched or bruised, attenuated at the apex, more 
 or less bulbous at the base, silky. Ring white, often stained with yellow 
 at the margin. Gills white, then pink, cinereous, violet, or brownish, 
 free, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellow especially at the base of 
 the st., and under the cuticle of the p. and st. Spores brownish purple, 
 pip-shaped, 6 x 4/x. Smell and taste unpleasant, almost foetid. Poison- 
 ous for some persons. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. July Nov. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lepiotoides Rene Maire. Cke. Ulus. no. 542, t. 524, as Psaliota 
 
 cretacea Fr. Lepiota, the genus Lepiota; e'So?, like. 
 
 Differs from the type in the p. greyish white at first, then/wvered with 
 
 greyish brown squamules, larger and denser at the disc, separated by
 
 86 PSALIOTA 
 
 whitish cracks, and finally becoming tinged with reddish purple. Pas- 
 tures, and stoves. Feb. Oct. Rare. 
 
 189. P. flavescens Gillet. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. ra, t. 16. 
 
 Flavescens, becoming yellow. 
 
 P. 512 cm., white, at once turning saffron colour, then finally light 
 brown when touched or bruised, campanulate, then expanded, smooth, 
 dry, shining with a satin-like sheen, pellicle easily separable. St. 
 10-14 x 1-5-2 cm., white, with a satiny sheen, tinged reddish yellow 
 at the base on one side, cylindrical. Ring dirty white, yellow on the 
 outside, and more deeply coloured at the margin, membranaceous, soon 
 disappearing. Gills pale pink, then darker, and finally brownish, free, 
 crowded. Flesh white, turning instantly bright saffron yellow when 
 fresh, and reddish yellow when drier, especially near the cuticle of the 
 p. and at the base of the st. Spores reddish brown, oval, 56 x 4-5 fi, 
 1-guttulate, with an apical germ-pore. Smell none. Taste not dis- 
 agreeable. Poisonous for some persons. Solitary, or in rings. Pas- 
 tures, and fir woods. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 P. cretacea Fr. = Lepiota naucina Fr. 
 
 190. P. perrara Schulz. (=Psaliota augusta Fr. sec. Maire.) Bres. 
 Fung. Trid. t. 89. Perrara, very uncommon. 
 
 P. 6-14 cm., yellow, covered with dense, imbricate, Lepiotsb-like, ful- 
 vous scales, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded. St. 9-11 x 1-5- 
 3 cm., whitish, covered below the ring with evanescent, fulvous scales, 
 incrassated at the base. Ring white, becoming discoloured, squamosely 
 floccose on the under side, large, superior, reflexed. Gills white, then 
 rosy, and at length fuscous, free, often very remote, equally attenuated 
 at both ends, 5 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellowish 
 in the st. when broken, soft. Spores purplish fuscous, obovate, 7 
 9 x 4-5/u,, 1-guttulate. Oak woods, and under oaks. Aug. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 191. P. pratensis (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 543, t. 525. 
 
 Pratensis, growing in meadows. 
 
 P. 59 cm., whitish, becoming cinereous, fleshy, ovoid, then expanded, 
 obtuse, silky, villous under a lens, becoming rimosely squamulose, dry. 
 St. 5-8 x 1 cm., white, equal, slightly incrassated at the base, firm, 
 smooth. Ring white, membranaceous, median, deciduous. Gills cine- 
 reous, then fuscous, free, approximate, rounded behind, acutely attenu- 
 ated in front. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores brown, elliptical, or 
 pip-shaped, 5-6 x 3/x, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. July Oct. Uncommon.
 
 PSALIOTA 87 
 
 192. P. campestris (Linn.) Fr. Campestris, belonging to a plain. 
 
 P. 5-12 cm., white, or rufescent, fleshy, lens-shaped-convex, then 
 flattened, obtuse, dry, silky-even, or squamulose. St. 4-8 x 2-4 cm., 
 white, firm, bulbous when young, then somewhat equal, even, or 
 squamulose. Ring white, membranaceous, rarely in the form of a 
 cortina, median, or more strictly sheathed to the middle, spreading, or 
 reflexed, torn, often fugacious. Gills whitish, then soonflesh coloured, and 
 at length umber-fuscous, free, approximate, ventricose, equally attenuated 
 at both ends, crowded, often deliquescent. Flesh white, becoming 
 reddish, or sometimes fuscous, thick, soft. Spores brownish purple, 
 broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 5-5'5/A. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. 
 Pastures, and heaths, rarely in woods. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. alba Viv. Berk. Outl. t. 10, fig. 2. Alba, white. 
 
 Differs from the type in the white, silky pileus and short st. Hardly 
 worthy of a varietal name. Generally found along with the type. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. praticola (Vitt.) Fr. Vitt. t. 7. Praticola, living in meadows. 
 
 Differs from the type in the rufous-scaly p., and in the flesh becoming 
 immediately rufescent. 
 
 var. subvolvacea W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 13. 
 Sub, somewhat; volvacea, having a volva. 
 
 Differs from the type in the pale brown p. breaking up into dark 
 umber scales, and in the long pale brownish st. furnished with a thin 
 brown volva at the base. Fields, and artificially made mushroom 
 beds. 
 
 var. rufescens Berk. Berk. Outl. t. 10, fig. 3. 
 
 Rufescens, becoming reddish. 
 
 Differs from the type in the rufous, minutely squamulose p., the 
 elongated st., and in the bright rose, sometimes crimson flesh when cut. 
 
 var. umbrina (Vitt.) Fr. Vitt. t. 8. Umbrina, umber. 
 
 Differs from the type in the umber p. becoming even, and in the 
 stout, squamulose st. 
 
 var. fulvaster Viv. Viv. t. 45, upper fig. Fulvaster, yellowish. 
 
 Differs from the type in the ochraceous tawny p., and in the rose 
 coloured gills becoming blackish. 
 
 var. costata (Viv.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 546, t. 528, fig. A. 
 
 Costata, ribbed. 
 
 Differs from the type in the sulcate, repand p. Woods. Rare.
 
 88 PSALIOTA 
 
 var. elongate Berk. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 3. 
 
 Elongata, elongated. 
 
 Differs from the type in the even, shining white p., in the margin 
 permanently appendiculate with the veil, and in the long, bulbous st. 
 Scarcely worthy of a varietal name. Pastures under trees. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. exannulata Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 546, t. 528, fig. B. 
 
 Exannulata, without a ring. 
 
 Differs from the type in the evanescent, or obsolete ring. Scarcely 
 worthy of a varietal name. Pastures. Occasionally, (v.v.) 
 
 193. P. sylvicola (Vitt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 547, t. 529, as Psaliota 
 campestris Linn. var. sylvicola Vitt. 
 
 Sylvicola, inhabiting woods. 
 
 P. 7-11 cm., white, or yellowish, fleshy, globose, then convexo- 
 expanded, silky, becoming even, shining; margin often appendiculate 
 with the partial veil. St. 10-15 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, slightly 
 attenuated upwards from the subbulbous base, smooth. Ring con- 
 colorous, membranaceous, large, reflexed. Gills whitish, then slowly 
 becoming fuscous, free, acute behind. Flesh whitish, at length becoming 
 brownish, thin at the margin. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. 
 Woods and shrubberies. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 194. P. exserta (Viv.) Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 15. 
 
 Exserta, thrust out. 
 
 P. 6-18 cm., white, becoming yellowish ochraceous and broken up 
 into minute adpressed scales, fleshy, campanulate, then convexo-ex- 
 panded. St. 10-15 x 3-6 cm., white, either slightly attenuated up- 
 wards from the base, or ventricose at the middle, bleeding when cut 
 or wounded, almost smooth. Ring white, covered on the underside with 
 yellowish, fugacious warts, membranaceous, large, thick, double, made 
 up of two layers that split apart. Gills whitish, then pinkish, and 
 finally fuscous, free, 5-10 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh 
 white, immediately turning bright red when bruised, cut, or wounded, 
 and exuding a bright red juice which finally stains the part affected deep 
 brown. Spores deep ochre when deposited in the mass, subglobose, 
 5-6 x 4-5 p, 1-guttulate, with an apical germ-pore. Smell and taste 
 pleasant. Edible. Solitary, or in rings. Pastures. May Nov. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 195. P. vfflatica (Brond.) Magn. Cke. Illus. no. 538, t. 521, as Psaliota 
 
 augusta Fr. Villa, a country house. 
 
 P. 10-40 cm., pale brown, sometimes with a yellowish tinge, fleshy, 
 globose, then expanded, very obtuse, disc even, minutely fibrillose,
 
 PSALIOTA 89 
 
 adpressedly silky, squamose towards the paler margin, the scales appear- 
 ing as if they had been pressed down with a hot iron. St. 10-20 x 3- 
 5 cm., white, becoming tinged with brown especially at the base, slightly 
 attenuated upwards from the incrassated base, becoming smooth. 
 King white above, yellowish and fioccosely scaly on the under side, 
 membranaceous, soft, median, thick, reflexed. Gills pallid, then fus- 
 cous cinereous, free, attenuated behind, 10-15 mm. broad, crowded. 
 Flesh white, becoming reddish brown when cut, especially under the 
 cuticle of the pileus and at the base of the st., compact, thick at the disc, 
 thin at the margin. Spores rich brown, elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6/x,, with 
 an apical germ-pore. Smell unpleasant. Taste mild. Edible. Pastures 
 and gardens. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 196. P. sylvatica (Schaeff.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 90. 
 
 Sylvatica, of woods. 
 
 P. 7-5-11 cm., subferruginous, scales rufescent, or becoming fuscous, 
 fleshy, oval, then campanulate and flattened, often somewhat umbo- 
 nate, the whole surf ace floccose, torn into squamules, disc often remaining 
 continuous, and at length denuded of scales; margin often rimosely 
 incised. St. 6-9 x 1-1-5 cm., dingy white, at first stuffed with a 
 cylindrical, separate, white pith, equal, or bulbous at the base, the 
 bulb sometimes marginate, fibrillose below the ring, smooth above. 
 Ring ivhite, distant, floccose on the underside, sometimes wide, thin 
 and membranaceous, sometimes narrow, incomplete, fugacious. Gills 
 white, then reddish, at length cinnamon fuscous, or umber fuscous, free, 
 ventricose, equally attenuated at both ends, thin, arid, crowded. Flesh 
 white, generally rufescent, often yellowish at the apex of the st., thin, 
 fragile. Spores tawny flesh colour, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-5-4/x. Smell 
 pleasant, or strong. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and under cedars. 
 July Sept. Not uncommon. 
 
 197. P. haemorrhoidaria Kalchbr. (= Pratella sylvatica Schaeff. sec. 
 
 Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 18, fig. 1. aifAoppoiSes, hemorrhoids. 
 
 P. 5-12-5 cm., rufous fuscous, or brownish, fleshy, ovate, then ex- 
 panded, covered with broad, adpressed, darker scales; margin at first 
 incurved. St. 8-12 x 2-3 cm., white, becoming blood red when bruised, 
 equal, often more or less bulbous at the base, silky, fibrillose. Ring 
 white, becoming discoloured, large, persistent, superior, membranaceous. 
 Gills rosy Jlesh colour, then purple umber, free, approximate, 6-12 mm. 
 broad, crowded. Flesh white, immediately turning blood red when 
 broken, thick. Spores purple-brown, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/u,. Smell 
 and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially coniferous woods, 
 pastures, and under conifers. Aug. Jan. Common, (v.v.)
 
 90 PSALIOTA 
 
 198. P. setigera Fr. 1 (= Pratella sylvatica SchaefE. sec. Quel.) Paul, 
 t. 132, figs. 3-4. Setigera, having coarse hairs. 
 
 P. pale umber, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, silky. 
 St. covered with pale umber, pilose squamules, equal. Ring thin, 
 fugacious. Gills fuscous umber, free. Woods. 
 
 199. P. rubella (Gillet) Rea (= Pratella sylvatica SchaefE. sec. Quel.) 
 Gill. Hym. Fr. t. 102, as Pratella rubella Gillet. 
 
 Rubella, reddish. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., entirely covered with red fibrils, or scales, disc red brown, 
 paler towards the margin, convex, or obtusely umbonate. St. 5 cm., 
 white, or whitish, becoming stained with blood red like the p., slightly 
 subbulbous at the base, cartilaginous, fibrillose. Ring fugacious. Gills 
 rosy flesh colour, then brownish purple, free, slightly ventricose, 
 crowded. Flesh white, becoming blood red, firm. Spores "4-75 6 x 3- 4, 
 generally 5 x 3-5 " Sacc. Under conifers. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 **Smaller, p. thinly fleshy. 
 
 200. P. comtula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 130, fig. 1. Comtula, adorned. 
 P. 35 cm., yellowish white, disc often tawny, fleshy, convex, then 
 
 plane, obtuse, adpressedly fibrillosely silky. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., 
 white, becoming somewhat light yellow, somewhat attenuated at the base, 
 apex striate, satiny. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, median, torn, 
 fugacious, very thin. Gills flesh colour, then rose, and finally fuscous 
 flesh colour, free, rounded behind, broader in front, crowded. Flesh 
 white, or slightly yellowish, thin, soft. Spores purple fuscous, elliptical, 
 5 x 3/Lc, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste strong of anise. Edible. Woods, 
 heaths and pastures. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 201. P. amethystina Quel. Roz. & Rich. t. 18, figs. 1-5. 
 
 Amethystina, amethyst colour. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., white, becoming either rose, lilac, or amethyst coloured 
 from the centre outwards, fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, 
 villose, or fibrillose. St. 3-6 cm. x 5-10 mm., white, subbulbous at 
 the base, fragile, glabrous. Ring white, thin, satiny. Gills light grey, 
 then bay brown, free, ventricose, 6-7 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh 
 white, thin. Spores brownish purple, roundish oblong, 5-7 x 4/z, 
 1-2-guttulate. Smell like that of Psaliota sylvicola. Taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 202. P. subgibbosa Fr. Sub, somewhat; gibbosa, humpbacked. 
 P. 2-2-5 cm., yellowish, fleshy, convexo-plane, subumbonate, 
 
 smooth; margin silky fibrillose. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid. Ring 
 cortinate, fugacious. Gills white, then cinereous fuscous, free, remote. 
 Spores fuscous. Fir woods. Rare. 
 
 1 This is listed as British by Massee in his Eur. Fung. Fl. Agar. 207.
 
 PSALIOTA. ANELLARIA 91 
 
 203. P. sagata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1177, t. 968. 
 
 Sagata, clothed in a mantle. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., yellowish tawny, or reddish brown, fleshy, convex, then 
 plane, at length revolute, obtuse, smooth, subpelliculose, shining. St. 
 5 cm. x 5-6 mm., yellowish, equal, at length compressed, fragile, 
 smooth. King white, distant, entire, persistent. Gills pinkish, then 
 umber, free, ventricose, 6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thin. 
 Spores purplish umber, elliptical, 6 x 3-4/A. Cystidia "on edge of 
 gill basidia-like, 36-40 x 8-12/it" Rick. Grassy places, and under 
 beeches. Oct. Rare. 
 
 204. P. dulcidula Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 17, fig. 1. 
 
 Dulcidula, sweetish. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., lurid white, or ochraceous, disc subfuscous, or dirty 
 violaceous, fleshy, convex, then plane, slightly gibbous, somewhat 
 smooth, dry. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, fragile, base in- 
 curved, subbulbous, almost smooth. Ring concolorous, membrana- 
 ceous, median, erect, persistent. Gills pallid greyish, then black, free, 
 widest in front, 4 mm. broad, rather crowded. Flesh white, thin at the 
 margin. Smell pleasant. Taste sweetish. Under oaks, and on heaths. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 205. P. rusiophylla (Lasch) Fr. Russus, red; <f>v\\ov, a leaf. 
 P. 2-3-5 cm., flesh colour, or ruddy, becoming pale, fleshy, campanu- 
 
 late, then expanded, umbonate, fibrillose ; margin somewhat appendicu- 
 late with the partial veil. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, slightly 
 attenuated from the thickened base, fibrillose. Ring superior, re- 
 flexed, persistent. Gills rosy, then fuscous, free, crowded. Flesh pallid, 
 thin at the margin. Spores reddish, elliptical, 5 x 3p. Frondose 
 woods, and parks. Oct. Rare. 
 
 P. haematosperma (Bull.) Fr. = Lepiota haematosperma (Bull.) Boud. 
 P. echinata (Roth) Fr. = Lepiota haematosperma (Bull.) Boud. 
 
 Spores black, or blackish fuscous. 
 
 Anellaria Karst. 
 (Anellus, a little ring.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, campanulate. Stem central. Ring membranaceous, 
 persistent, or fugacious. Gills adnate, or often almost free. Spores 
 black, or blackish fuscous, pip-shaped, or elliptical, smooth, with an 
 apical germ-pore. Growing on dung, or on the ground. 
 
 A. separata (Linn.) Karst. (= Panaeolus separatus (Linn.) Fr.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 623, t. 623, as Panaeolus separatus Fr. 
 
 Separata, distinct.
 
 92 ANELLARIA. AMANITOPSIS 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., clay whitish, or yellowish, fleshy, ovato-campanulate, 
 2-5-4-5 cm. high, not expanding, obtuse, viscid, smooth, often 
 wrinkled, or cracked when old; margin often appendiculate with the 
 veil. St. 5-20 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish, tense and straight, rigid, 
 gradually attenuated upwards from the thickened base, striate under 
 a lens, smooth. Ring white, membranaceous, distant, entire, narrow, 
 persistent, often striate. Gills whitish, then cinereous black, adnate, 
 but almost separating, ascending, 4-8 mm. broad, edge often whitish. 
 Flesh whitish, yellowish under the cuticle, and towards the base of the st., 
 thick at the disc. Spores black, pip-shaped, 16-20 x 10-12jM. Cystidia 
 bottle-shaped, 30-40 x 8-1 4/x. x 5-8 ju, at apex. On dung, especially 
 that of horse. Woods, fields, and gardens. April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 207. A. fimiputris (Bull.) Karst. (= Panaeolus fimiputris (Bull.) Fr.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 626, t. 626, as Panaeolus phaknarum Bull. 
 
 Fimus, dung; putris, rotten. 
 
 P. 23 cm., fuliginous-cinereous, or livid, fleshy, conical, then ex- 
 panded, somewhat gibbous, viscid, smooth, generally beaded with the 
 veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, equal, smooth, girt with an annular 
 zone above the middle. Gills livid blackish, adfixed. Flesh whitish, thin. 
 Spores black, "elliptical, apiculate, 9-10 x 6/u," Massee. On dung. 
 Fields, roadsides, and gardens. April Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 208. A. scitula Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 625, t. 927, fig. B, as Panaeolus 
 scitulus Massee. Scitula, pretty. 
 
 P. 11-5 cm., dirty pale ochre, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, 
 viscid, margin exceeding the gills. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, 
 equal, shining, base peronate, sheath ending in a persistent ring below 
 the middle of the st. Gills becoming ashy grey, speckled with the black 
 spores, almost free, narrow, crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores black, 
 opaque, with a colourless hilum, elliptical, 12-13 x 4/x. On soil in a 
 flower-pot. Eare. 
 
 ***With a volva at the base of the stem. 
 
 Spores white. 
 
 Amanitopsis Roze. 
 
 (Amanita, the genus; cn/rt?, like.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy. Volva membranaceous, 
 free, lax, sheathing. Gills free, or adnate. Spores white, globose, sub- 
 globose, oblong elliptic, smooth, continuous. Growing on the ground. 
 
 209. A. vaginata (Bull.) Roze. Gonn. & Rabenh. t. 7, fig. 1. 
 
 Vagina, a sheath. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., livid, or mouse grey, covered with large, white, or grey, 
 fugacious patches of the fragments of the volva, slightly fleshy, cam-
 
 AMANITOPSIS 93 
 
 panulate, then flattened, obtuse, slightly viscid at first; margin 
 deeply striate. St. 12-15 x 1-1-5 cm., white, or grey, floccose, slightly 
 attenuated upwards, surrounded at the base by a large, free, lax, often 
 lobed, white, or grey membranaceous volva, often inclosing a ring-like 
 mark around the stem. Gills white, or greyish, free, ventricose. Flesh 
 white, thin. Spores globose, 10-12/i, with a large central gutta. 
 Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. June Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 210. A. fulva (Schaeff.) W. G. Sm. Boud. Icon. t. 7. Fulvus, tawny. 
 P. 4-10 cm., tawny, disc deeper coloured, campanulate, then 
 
 flattened, umbonate, slightly viscid, covered with a few, fugacious 
 patches of the yellowish volva; margin striate. St. 7-20 x -5-1 cm., 
 paler tawny, squamulose, base surrounded by the upright, lax, free 
 yellowish, membranaceous volva. Gills white, tinged with yellow, free. 
 Flesh white, yellow under the epidermis. Spores globose, 9-14/i, multi- 
 guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, etc., especially 
 under birch trees. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 211. A. nivalis (Grev.) Rea. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 18. 
 
 Nivalis, snow coloured. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., white, disc pale ochraceous, covered at first with the very 
 fugacious, white fragments of the volva, campanulate, then convex and 
 plane, or slightly umbonate; margin striate. St. 713 x 1 cm., white, 
 the subbulbous base surrounded by a white, lax, free, membranaceous 
 volva. Gills white, free, broader in front. Flesh white, thin. Spores 
 oblong elliptic, 11-12 x 9/u,, with a large central gutta. Taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 212. A. strangulata (Fr.) Roze. Boud. Icon. t. 9, as Amanitopsis 
 inaurata (Seer.) Boud. Strangulata, choked. 
 
 P. 8-15 cm., bright tawny, or tawny brown, covered with numerous 
 large, grey, patches of the fragments of the volva, convex, then plane, 
 slightly viscid; margin deeply striate. St. 12-30 x 3-4 cm., greyish 
 white, stout, attenuated upwards, encircled by one to three greyish rings 
 on the lower half the remnants of the friable volva which disintegrates 
 at the base. Gills white, or tinged yellowish, adnate, crowded, ventricose. 
 Flesh white, tinged slightly yellowish under the cuticle. Spores globose, 
 8-13 fi, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures, 
 chiefly on the chalk and limestone. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 213. A. adnata (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. (= Amanita junquillea Quel.) 
 Saund. & Sm. t. 20. Adnata, adnate. 
 
 P. 6-7 cm., pale yellowish buff, covered with white, woolly patches of 
 the volva, fleshy, very firm, convex, then expanded ; margin exceeding 
 the gills. St. 5-10 x 1-5 cm., pale buff, fibrillose, base slightly swollen
 
 94 AMANITOPSIS. VOLVARIA 
 
 and covered by the adnate volva, which has only a small, free, lax 
 margin, sometimes almost obsolete. Ring generally absent. Gills 
 white, truly adnate, crowded. Flesh white, buff beneath the epidermis. 
 Spores subglobose, 7-9 x 6-7 /A, with a large central gutta. Woods, 
 and heaths. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v. 1 ) 
 
 Spores pink. 
 Volvaria Fr. 
 
 (Volvaria, having a volva, or wrapper.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Volva membra naceous, free, 
 sheathing. Gills free. Spores pink, elliptical, or subglobose, smooth, 
 continuous. Growing on the ground, or on wood. 
 
 *P. dry, silky, or fibrillose. 
 
 214. V. bombycina (SchaefT.) Fr. (= Volvaria Loveiana Berk. sec. 
 Barb.) Bombycina, silky. 
 
 P. 7-20 cm., white, becoming yellowish, fleshy, soft, globose, then 
 campanulate and convex, subumbonate, silky, becoming squamuloso- 
 villose, disc rarely becoming smooth. St. 7-15 x 1-2 cm., white, 
 attenuated upwards, base bulbous, often curved. Volva whitish, be- 
 coming discoloured, soon torn asunder, ample, 3-8 cm. broad, mem- 
 branaceous, lax, laciniate, somewhat viscid, persistent. Gills white, 
 then flesh colour, free, very crowded, ventricose, becoming toothed. 
 Flesh white, becoming yellowish. Spores pink, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /u,. 
 Cystidia sparse, clavate, often slightly constricted near the apex, 
 5560 x 18//,. Smell and taste pleasant. On decayed wood, stumps 
 and sawdust. June Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 215. V. volvacea (Bull.) Fr. (= Volvaria Taylori Berk. sec. Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 294, t. 294. Volvacea, having a volva. 
 
 P. 7-10 cm., cinereous, black-streaked with adpressed fibrils, cam- 
 panulate, then expanded, obtuse. St. 512-5 x 1 cm., white, villose, 
 somewhat equal. Volva whitish, fuscous at the apex, oval, membra- 
 naceous, lax, often adpressed to the stem. Gills white, then flesh colour, 
 free, ventricose. Flesh white, floccose. Spores pink, elliptical, 6-7 
 x 4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Gardens, in stoves, roadsides. July Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 216. V. Loveiana Berk. (= Volvaria plumulosa (Lasch) Quel.; Vol- 
 
 varia hypopitys Fr. sec. Quel. ; Volvaria bombycina Schaeff. sec. 
 
 Barb.) Berk. Outl. t. 7, fig. 2. Rev. R. T. Lowe 
 
 P. 57 cm., tvhite, with a very slight shade of pink, or cinereous, sub- 
 
 truncato-globose, then convex, or slightly expanded, beautifully silky; 
 
 1 At Sandringham, Norfolk, on the 30th October, 1899, specimens were found 
 both with a well-defined membranaceous ring and without any trace of a ring. 
 C. R.
 
 VOLVARIA 95 
 
 margin involute. St. 5 x -5-1 cm., pure white, bulbose, attenuated 
 upwards, closely fbrillose, with a little matted, down, very juicy. Volva 
 'pure white, with a little downy prominence within round the base of 
 the stem. Gills white, becoming gradually pale pink, free, broad in 
 front, subdeliquescent. Flesh white, becoming yellowish. Spores pink, 
 elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. On Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch) 
 Fr. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 217. V. Taylori Berk. (= Vdvaria volvacea Bull. sec. Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 296, t. 296. M. A. Taylor. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., livid, conico-campanulate, obtuse, striato-rimose from the 
 apex, thin; margin lobed, sinuate. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., pallid, 
 nearly equal, slightly bulbose at the base. Volva date-brown, lobed, 
 somewhat lax, small. Gills rose colour, free, broad in front, very much 
 attenuated behind, uneven, edge jloccose, white. Spores pink, elliptical, 
 7-8 x 5/Lt, 2-guttulate. Gardens. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 218. V. temperata B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 300, t. 300, upper fig. 
 
 Temper ata, moderate. 
 
 P. 6 mm., whitish, disc tinged tawny, convex, then expanded, umbo- 
 nate, pulverulent, striate. St. 1 -5-2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, pel- 
 lucid. Volva white, ample. Gills pinkish, free. Spores pink, elliptical, 
 4 x 2-5 p. Greenhouses. Feb. Rare. 
 
 **P. more or less viscid, smooth. 
 
 219. V. speciosa Fr. (= VolvariagloiocephalaDC.sec. Dumee.) Boud. 
 Icon. t. 84. Speciosa, handsome. 
 
 P. 7-13 cm., whitish, subumbonate disc grey, or umber, fleshy, glo- 
 bose, then campanulate, at length plane, viscid. St. 10-20 x 12-5 cm., 
 white, firm, slightly attenuated upwards, base white-villose when young. 
 Volva white, membranaceous, bulbous, free, variously torn into loops, 
 externally tomentose. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, ventricose. 
 Flesh white, floccose. Spores pink, elliptical, 15-16 x 8-10 p, 1-2- 
 guttulate. Cystidia " vesiculose-pyrif orm, 60-70 x 20-36 p, some- 
 times pointed" Rick. Smell none, or somewhat strong. Edible sec. 
 Maire. Dunghills, roadsides, and occasionally in woods. June Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 220. V. gloiocephala (DC.) Fr. (= Volvaria speciosa Fr. sec. Dumee.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 298, t. 298. 7X0*09, sticky; Ke<f>a\tj, head. 
 
 P. 7-11 cm., fuliginous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbo- 
 nate, glutinous', margin striate. St. 8-18 x 1-2 cm., white, becoming 
 fuscous, or tawny, attenuated upwards, base subbulbose and villose. 
 Volva whitish, grey, or fuscous, circularly split, lobed, villose, often 
 adpressed to the stem. Gills white, then reddish, free, broad, especially 
 in front, attenuated behind, margin slightly toothed. Flesh white,
 
 96 VOLVARIA. LOCELLINA 
 
 fuscous under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores pink, elliptical, 12 x 7fj,. 
 Smell and taste unpleasant. Poisonous. On the ground. June Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 221. V. viperina Fr. 1 (= ^Volvaria cornea (Pico.) Quel.; Volvaria 
 
 speciosa Fr. sec. Maire.) Viperina, of a snake. 
 
 P. 3-4 cm., grey, or cinereous, fleshy, persistently conical, acute, 
 
 viscid, silky shining when dry. St. white, equal, subflexuose. Volva 
 
 thin, entire, closely sheathing. Gills tinged yellowish then flesh colour. 
 
 Spores pink, "6-8 x 4-4-5/i" Herpell. 
 
 222. V. media (Schum.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 299, t. 299. 
 
 Medius, middle. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., white, disc brownish, or yellowish, slightly fleshy, con- 
 vexo-plane, obtuse, viscid, silky when dry and shining. St. 4-7 cm. 
 x 4-6 mm., white, subbulbose, equal. Volva white, membranaceous, 
 sheathing, lobed. Gills white, then rosy flesh colour, free, broad in front, 
 attenuated behind. Flesh white. Spores pink, elliptical, 5-6 x 4/u,. 
 Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 223. V. parvula (Weinm.) Fr. (= Volvaria pusilla (Pers.) Quel.) Boud. 
 
 Icon. t. 86. Parvulus, very small. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., whitish, disc yellowish, slightly fleshy, conical, then cam- 
 panulate, at length rather plane and umbonate, at first slightly viscid, 
 soon dry silky. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, equal, silky, base villose. 
 Volva white, membranaceous, free, lobed, minutely tomentose on the 
 outside. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, broad in front. Flesh white. 
 Spores pink, elliptical, 5 x 3/n, 1-2-guttulate. Pastures, gardens, and 
 woods. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 var. biloba Massee (= Volvaria parvula, forma B. Fries Monogr.). 
 
 Bi, two; A,oy8o?, the lobe of the ear. 
 
 Entirely white when young. P. conical, 6-8 mm. high, dry, some- 
 times floccosely squamulose. St. 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., equal, pubescent. 
 Volva bilobed, sheathing, externally adpressedly silky. Pastures. July 
 Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Spores ochraceous. 
 
 Locellina GiU. 
 (Acetabularia Berk.) 
 (Locellus, a casket.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, thin. Volva membranaceous, 
 sheathing. Gills free, or adnate. Spores ochraceous, or somewhat 
 fuscous, oval, or oblong, smooth, continuous. Cystidia ventricose, 
 pointed. Growing on the ground. 
 
 1 This is listed as British by Massee in his Eur. Fung. Fl. Agar. 120.
 
 LOCELLINA. CLARKEINDA. AMANITA 97 
 
 224. L. Alexandri Gillet. Alexandre. 
 P. 2-3 cm., yellowish-tan, disc darker, convex, umbonate, viscid, 
 
 pellicle easily separable; margin appendiculate with the cinnamon fibrils 
 of the arachnoid veil. St. white, or whitish, equal, or slightly thickened 
 at the base, flexuose, striate, covered with afibrillose, cinnamon veil up 
 to 1-2 cm. of the apex. Volva white, or whitish, becoming reddish when 
 handled, irregular, torn at the edge. Gills reddish fiesh colour, paler at 
 the edge, adnato-decurrent, crowded. Flesh whitish. Spores "be- 
 coming fuscous, oblong " Big. & Guill. Woods, at the base of beeches. 
 Oct. Eare. 
 
 225. L. acetabulosa (Sow.) Sacc. (= Acetabularia acetabulosa Berk. ; 
 Pluteus semibulbosus Lasch sec. Boud.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 303, 
 as Agaricus acetabulosus Sow. Acetabulum, a vinegar cup. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., tan colour, convex; margin plicate, or deeply striate. 
 St. 4-5 cm. x 3 mm., white, equal. Volva discoid, socket-like. Gills 
 tawny, free, lanceolate, 3 mm. broad. Flesh very thin. River bank, 
 near high-water mark. May. Rare. 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous. 
 Clarkeinda O. Kuntz. 
 
 (Chitonia Fr.) 
 
 (C. B. Clarke, 'Ii/So<?, pertaining to India.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, thin. Volva membranaceous, 
 sheathing. Gills free. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, smooth, 
 with an apical germ-pore. Growing on the ground. 
 
 226. C. rubriceps (Cke. & Massee) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 1176, t. 967, as 
 
 Chitonia rubriceps Cke. & Massee. Ruber, red; caput, head. 
 P. 1'5 2-5 cm., testaceous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, 
 umbonate, often becoming depressed round the umbo, smooth; mar- 
 gin arched, faintly striate. St. 7'5 cm. x 3-4 mm., paler than the p., 
 equal, smooth, rooting. Volva whitish, sheathing, saccate, torn at the 
 margin. Gills purplish brown, free, lanceolate, narrow, rather crowded. 
 Flesh white, fairly thick at the disc. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 
 a little attenuated at both ends, 12 x 6ju. On soil in Aroid house. Dec. 
 Rare. 
 
 ****With a ring on the stem, and a volva at the base of the stem. 
 
 Spores white. 
 Amanita (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 (Probably from Mount Amanus in Cilicia.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy. Ring membranaceous, 
 adnate, persistent, rarely fugacious. Volva membranaceous, free, or 
 B. B. B. 7
 
 AMANITA 
 
 adnate, persistent, or friable. Gills free, subadnate, or decurrent by 
 a tooth, intermediate gills cut squarely behind. Spores white, rarely 
 tinged greenish, globose, subglobose, oval, or elliptical, smooth, very 
 rarely verrucose. Cystidia subglobose, or cylindrical ventricose. 
 Growing on the ground. 
 
 (a) Margin of volva free, persistent. P. generally naked. 
 
 227. A. verna (Lam.) Fr. Syst. (= Amanita virosa Fr. Hym. Eur.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 1, t. 1, as Amanita virosa Fr. Ver, spring. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 58 cm., fleshy, conical, acute, then campanulate, 
 expanded, and subumbonate, glutinous, shining when dry; margin 
 often unequal, repand, inflexed. St. 8-12 x 1-5-2 cm., cylindrical 
 from the bulbose base, often compressed at the apex, split up into 
 longitudinal fibrils, floccosely squamulose. Ring apical, lax, silky, 
 splitting up into floccose fragments. Volva thick, lax, wide. Gills 
 free, thin, linear-lanceolate, a little broader in front, crowded, edge 
 often floccose. Spores white, globose, 7-8/z,. Smell foetid. Taste un- 
 pleasant. Poisonous. Moist woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. grisea Massee. Grisea, grey. 
 
 Differs from the type in the p. being shaded with grey. Woods. Rare. 
 
 228. A. phalloides (Vaill.) Fr. (= Amanita virescens (Vaill.) Quel.) 
 Rolland, Champ, t. 3, no. 3. (f>a\\6$, Phallus; etSo<?, like. 
 
 P. 7-10 cm., greenish, or yellowish olive, streaked with dark, innate 
 fibrils, fleshy, ovato-campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, viscid, rarely 
 covered with one or two fragments of the volva. St. 8-12 x 1-5-2 cm., 
 white, rarely besprinkled with olive or pale yellowish olive, adpressed 
 squamules, smooth, or floccose, attenuated upwards, base bulbous. 
 Ring white, superior, reflexed, slightly striate, swollen, generally en- 
 tire. Volva free for half its depth, generally splitting up into three or 
 four, more or less acute segments. Gills white, free, ventricose, 8 mm. 
 broad. Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 8-11 x 7-9 fj., with a 
 large central gutta. Smell foetid when old. Taste unpleasant. 
 Poisonous. Woods, and ad joining pastures. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. verna (Bull.) Fr. 1 Boud. Icon. t. 2, as Amanita verna (Bull.) Fr. 
 
 Verna, occurring in spring. 
 
 Differs from the type in being entirely white. Spores white, globose, 
 7-8/i,, with a large central gutta. July Aug. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. umbrina (Ferry) Maire. 
 
 Differs from the type in the brownish umber p., and in the fuscous, 
 adpressed squamules on the st. (v.v.) 
 
 1 Boudier describes this as a distinct species with oval spores 10-14 x 7-9 fi.
 
 AMANITA 99 
 
 229. A. porphyria (A. & S.) Fr. Barla, Champ, t. 3, figs. 5-6. 
 
 Trop<f>vpa, purple. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., greyish bistre with a purplish tinge, campanulate, then 
 expanded, moist; margin rarely slightly striate. St. 7-9 x 1 cm., 
 white tinted with grey, base bulbous. Ring white, becoming fuscous, 
 distant. Volva erect, white becoming fuscous. Gills white, adnexed, 
 crowded, thin. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 9/z, multi-guttu- 
 late. Smell strong. Poisonous. Pine woods. July Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 230. A. lutea Otth. Lutea, yellow 
 
 P. 4-7-5 cm., yellow, or yellowish ochre, conical, then expanded, 
 viscid, disc papillose, usually with broad scattered scales; margin invo- 
 lute, striate. St. 7-8 cm., bulbous, rather narrowed upwards. Ring 
 white, thin. Volva membranaceous. Gills white, crowded. Woods. 
 Rare. 
 
 (6) Volva circumscissile, or fugacious. P. generally covered 
 with fragments of the volva. 
 
 231. A. recutita Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. i and n, t. 2, as Amanita 
 Secretanii Rabenh. Recutita, circumcised. 
 
 P. 6-9 cm., fuliginous, bistre, or brown, but without any tinge of 
 purple, dry, convex, then plane, generally covered with fragments of 
 the volva, silky. St. 8-10 x 1-5-3 cm., white, silky, attenuated up- 
 wards, base bulbous. Ring white, distant. Volva greyish bistre, closely 
 sheathing, ending abruptly. Gills white, adnexed with a decurrent line. 
 Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 8-9 /x. Smell slightly foetid. 
 Poisonous. Pine, and birch woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 A.junquillea Quel. = Amanitopsis adnata (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. 
 
 232. A. mappa (Batsch) Fr. (= Amanita citrina (Schaefl.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 4, t. 4. Mappa, a napkin. 
 
 P. 6-9 cm., white, or becoming yellow, covered with patch-like frag- 
 ments of the volva, slightly fleshy, dry, convexo-plane, obtuse, or 
 depressed, orbicular. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, equal, base bulbous. 
 Ring white, yellowish on the exterior, superior, soft, lax, minutely 
 striate. Volva yellowish, or fuliginous, obtuse, the friable upper portion 
 disappearing and leaving a distinct groove round the base of the st. 
 Gills white, adnexed, crowded, narrow, edge often yellowish. Flesh 
 white, yellowish under the cuticle. Spores white, subglobose, apiculate 
 at the base, 8-10 x 7-9 fj,, with a large central gutta. Smell foetid. 
 Poisonous. Woods, and heaths. July Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 72
 
 100 AMANITA 
 
 var. citrina (Gonn. & Rabenh.) Eea. Gonn. & Kabenh. i and n, t. 4. 
 
 Citrina, lemon yellow. 
 
 P. 8-12 cm., bright yellow with white patches of the fragments of the 
 volva, convex, obtuse. St. 10-12 x 2 cm., white, stout. Volva im- 
 perfect. Spores white, "globose, waited, 6-7 /A" Massee. Rare. 
 
 var. alba (Gillet) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 3, t. 3. Alba, white. 
 
 Differs from the type in being white, and then becoming discoloured. 
 Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 (c) Volva floccose, or friable. P. floccose, or verrucose with 
 the fragments of the volva, rarely naked. 
 
 233. A. muscaria (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 5, t. 117. Musca, a fly. 
 
 P. 10-20 cm., scarlet, or orange, covered with white, or yellowish 
 fragments of the volva, fleshy, viscid, globose, then convex, and at 
 length flattened; margin slightly striate when mature. St. 10-22 
 x 2-5 cm., white, or yellowish, firm, often torn into scales, apex striate, 
 base bulbous, encircled by several concentric rings formed from the 
 fragments of the volva. Ring white, yellowish on the exterior, superior, 
 very soft, torn, somewhat striate. Gills white, rarely becoming yellow, 
 free, but reaching the stem, crowded, thick, broader in front, minutely 
 denticulate. Flesh white, yellow under the epidermis. Spores white, 
 elliptical, apiculate, 8-10 x 6-7 //,. Taste mild. Poisonous. Birch, and 
 coniferous woods, and under birches and conifers. July Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. regalis Fr. Regalis, royal. 
 
 Differs from the type in the very glutinous, liver coloured p., and in 
 
 the st. becoming light yellow internally. Beech woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. formosa Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. i and n, t. 10, fig. 2. 
 
 Formosa, handsome. 
 
 Differs from the type in the lemon yellow p. covered with lax, mealy 
 yellowish, fugacious fragments of the veil, and in the st. and ring often 
 becoming yellow. Beech woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. umbrina Fr. Umbrina, umber. 
 
 Differs from the type in being thinner, and more slender, and in the 
 umber, or livid p., fuscous at the disc. Woods. Rare. 
 
 var. paella (Batsch) Cda. Gonn. & Rabenh. i and n, t. 7, fig. 2. 
 
 Puella, a girl. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, and in the p. being destitute 
 of any fragments of the volva. Woods. Rare, (v.v.)
 
 AMANITA 101 
 
 var. aureola (Kalchbr.) Quel. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 1, fig. 1. 
 
 Aureola, golden. 
 
 Differs from the type in the erect, membranaceous volva. Under 
 birches. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 234. A. rcmilii Kiel. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxm (1907), t. 1. 
 
 Emile Boudier, the eminent French mycologist. 
 
 P. 13-17 cm., yellowish butter colour, becoming tawny purplish, disc 
 finally dark fuscous, covered with cream coloured fragments of the volva, 
 fleshy, viscid, convex, then hemispherical, and finally expanded, and 
 depressed; margin paler, finally striate. St. 12-20 x 1-5-3 cm., white, 
 bulbous. Ring white, thick, especially at the margin, and covered 
 with the fragments of the cream coloured volva, crenulate, torn. 
 Volva friable, forming three to four concentric rings round the apex 
 of the globose, rarely fusiform base of the stem. Gills whitish, or pale 
 rose colour, attenuated or rounded near the stem, broad, somewhat 
 crowded, edge denticulate, floccose. Flesh white, pale rose red under 
 Spores white, subglobose, 9-10//,, 1-guttulate. Taste 
 Poisonous. Deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 235. A. solitaria (Bull.) Fr. (= Amanita strobiliformis (Vitt.) sec. 
 Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 3. Solitaria, lonely. 
 
 P. 8-12 cm., white, then pearl grey, covered with moderately thick, 
 angular, wart-like fragments of the volva, which are at first plate-like, 
 floccose, white, and easily separable, then becoming greyish and 
 hardened, very fleshy, moist, convex then expanded; margin appen- 
 diculate with the veil. St. 10-20 x 3 cm., white, covered with thick, 
 floccose, imbricate scales; base bulbous, prolonged into a root-like point. 
 Ring cream colour, floccose, often torn, and finally disappearing, 
 striate. Volva white, or greyish, very friable. Gills snow white, free, 
 decurrent by a tooth, ventricose, minutely crenulate. Flesh white. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 13-15 x 8-10/i. Smell and taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Clearings in woods, and adjacent pastures. July Oct. Rare. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 236. A. strobilifonnis (Paul.) Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 9, t. 277. 
 
 Strobilus, a pine cone. 
 
 P. 6-30 cm., grey, covered with very thick, somewhat separable, angular, 
 pyramidal, wart-like, grey fragments of the volva, very fleshy, hemi- 
 spherical, then plane. St. 15-22 x 3-5 cm., whitish, clothed with grey 
 flocci; base bulbous, immersed in the soil and surrounded by two or 
 three circles formed by the remains of the volva. Ring white, apical, 
 torn, dependent, wide, striate. Volva greyish, friable. Gills white, 
 free, decurrent by a tooth. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical,
 
 102 AMANITA 
 
 10-11 x 7/x. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Downs, and woods 
 especially on the chalk. July Oct. Locally common, rare elsewhere. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 237. A. aculeata Quel. Quel. Champ. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 1, fig. 1, as 
 Amanita strobiliformis Fr. Aculeata, prickly. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., white, becoming greyish, fleshy, convex, then plane, 
 densely covered with erect, slender, pointed, angular, firm, adnate, 
 whitish or greyish warts, that become tinged with bistre with age; margin 
 white, smooth. St. 5-12 cm. x 2-5 cm., whitish, solid, equal, floc- 
 cosely scaly; base bulbous, often attenuated downwards, surrounded 
 by several concentric crenulate zones, the remains of the volva. Ring 
 white, superior, thin, torn, striate, often becoming fugacious. Gills 
 white, becoming yellowish with age, 5-15 mm. wide, sinuate behind, 
 crowded. Flesh white, then tinged with yellow, thick, soft. Spores white, 
 broadly elliptical, or subglobose, with a basal apiculus, 10-11 x 8-9 /x, 
 contents granular. Smell and taste pleasant. Amongst beech leaves, 
 in woods. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 238. A. Vittadinii (Moretti) Vitt. (= Amanita umbella (Paul.) Quel.) 
 Krombh. t. 27. Vittadini, an Italian mycologist. 
 
 P. 6-12 cm., white, densely covered with small, erect, wart-like frag- 
 ments of the volva, convex, then plane, silky. St. 15-20 x 2-2-5 cm., 
 white, becoming tinged with greenish, floccosely scaly, base often some- 
 what bulbous. Ring white, superior, large, flexuose, often double. 
 Volva white, or grey, friable. Gills cream colour, finally becoming 
 greenish, decurrent by a tooth, ventricose, thick. Flesh white, then 
 tinged greenish. Spores white ("greenish" Quel.), elliptical, 6-9 x 6 /A. 
 Smell and taste unpleasant. Poisonous. Downs, and woods on the 
 chalk and limestone. July Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 239. A. echinocephala Vitt. Cke. Illus. no. 1102, t. 939, fide Boudier, 
 as Amanita solitaria Bull. e^ti/o?, hedgehog; K<j)a\ij, head. 
 
 P. 6-8 cm., white, or greyish, covered with thin, pointed, wart-like 
 fragments of the volva, convex, then flattened and depressed at the 
 disc; margin floccose. St. 8-14 x 2-4 cm., white, clothed with revo- 
 lute squamules, base napiform and rooting. Ring white, distant, per- 
 sistent, slightly striate. Volva greyish, friable. Gills greenish yellow, 
 free, broad. Flesh white, yellowish at the base of the stem. Spores 
 "white, ovoid, 11-13 x 7-10/t" Boud. Smell and taste unpleasant. 
 Poisonous. Limestone pastures, and woods. July Sept. Rare. 
 
 240. A. excelsa Fr. (= Amanita ampla (Pers.) Quel.) Rolland, 
 Champ, t. 6, no. 8, as Amanita ampla. Excelsa, tall. 
 
 P. 9-15 cm., reddish grey, or brownish grey, covered with mealy, 
 fugacious patches of the volva, streaked with innate, blackish bistre
 
 AMANITA 103 
 
 fibrils, globose, then plane, viscid, rugose, uneven; margin often finally 
 striate. St. 12-20 x 2-3 cm., greyish, equal, or bulbous at the base, 
 villose, concentrically scaly below the ring from the breaking up of the 
 epidermis. Ring white, large, superior, dependent, torn, often fugacious. 
 Volva whitish grey, friable. Gills white, free, very broad, 12-15 mm., 
 ventricose. Mesh white, soft, fragile. Spores white, subglobose, 
 9 x 7-8 \i, multi-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill, globular, 20- 
 35/u, in diam." Lange. Taste pleasant, smell unpleasant. Poisonous. 
 Deciduous woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 241. A. pantherina (DC.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 7, no. 10. 
 
 Pantherina, deceitful. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., olivaceous umber, fuliginous, or greyish olive, rarely 
 whitish, covered with numerous small, white, moderately persistent frag- 
 ments of the volva, fleshy, convex, then flattened, or subdepressed, 
 viscid, shining when dry; margin striate. St. 7-9 x 1 cm., white, equal, 
 or attenuated upwards, base bulbous. Ring white, distant, thin, striate, 
 adhering obliquely, somewhat fugacious. Volva white, forming one or 
 two concentric rings at the apex of the globose base of the stem. Gills 
 white, free, reaching the stem, broader in front, 6-8 mm. broad. 
 Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 11-12 x 7-9 /z. Cystidia "mostly 
 cylindric-vesiculose about 12/z, in diam." Lange. Taste insipid, smell 
 unpleasant. Poisonous. Woods, heaths, and pastures. July Oct. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 242. A. cariosa Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. t. 9, fig. 2, as Amanita aspera. 
 
 Cariosa, rotten. 
 
 P. 6-12 cm., umber, or dark cinereous, covered with white, mealy 
 fragments of the volva, convex, then plane, often hemispherical, tender; 
 margin often striate. St. 12-14 x 2-4 cm., white, fragile, attenuated 
 upwards, not bulbous, villose, mealy. Ring white, superior, broad, 
 fugacious. Volva white, friable. Gills white, adnate, becoming free. 
 Flesh white, fragile. Spores white, ovoid, 11-13 x 7-10 /JL. Taste acid. 
 Poisonous. Woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 243. A. spissa Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 6, no. 9. Spissa, thick. 
 P. 8-15 cm., umber fuliginous, or grey, fleshy, compact, convexo- 
 
 plane, obtuse, covered with whitish, or greyish, fugacious patches of the 
 volva; margin often fibrillose. St. 10-11 x 3-^ cm., white, clothed with 
 concentric squamules below the ring, base bulbous, somewhat rooting. 
 Ring white, superior, large, striate. Volva whitish, or greyish, friable. 
 Gills white, slightly striato-decurrent, broad, crowded. Flesh white, 
 firm. Spores white, subglobose, 9-10 x 8-9 p. Cystidia "on edge of 
 gills globular, 18-30//, in diam." Lange. Taste insipid, or slightly 
 biting. Edible. Deciduous woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 104 AM ANITA 
 
 244. A. rubescens (Pers.) Fr. (= Amanita rubens (Scop.) Quel.) 
 Rolland, Champ, t. 9, no. 13. Rubescens, becoming red. 
 
 P. 8-12 cm., reddish brown, or dingy reddish brown, sometimes pale, 
 covered with large, grey (sometimes white, or yellowish) mealy patches 
 of the volva, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, moist; margin slightly 
 striate when old. St. 7-12 x 3-4 cm., reddish white, deeper in colour 
 at the bulbous base, squamulose, attenuated upwards. Ring white, 
 superior, large, membranaceous, soft, striate. Volva evanescent. Gills 
 white, then spotted with red, decurrent by a tooth, attenuated behind, 
 thin, crowded, soft. Flesh white, becoming reddish when broken. The 
 whole plant becomes reddish with injury, or handling. Spores white, 
 ovoid, or elliptical, 8-10 x 7/*, 1-2-guttulate. Taste sweet, then acrid. 
 Edible. Woods, heaths, pastures, etc. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. magnifica (Fl. Dan.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 14, t. 34, as Amanita 
 magnifica Fr. Magnifica, splendid. 
 
 Differs from the type in the smooth pileus, equal stem, and fugacious 
 ring. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. alba W. G. Smith. Alba, white 
 
 Differs from the type in being entirely white. Woods. Rare. 
 
 var. annulo-sulphurea Gillet. 
 
 Annulus, a ring; sulphurea, sulphur-yellow. 
 
 Differs from the type in having a persistent, sulphur coloured ring. 
 Woods, and heaths. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. gracilis Cat. de S. et L. Gracilis, thin. 
 
 Differs from the type in being thinner, and smaller in all its parts. 
 Heaths. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 245. A. nitida Fr. Nitida, shining. 
 P. 6-10 cm., white, or yellowish, shining, covered with large, angular, 
 
 thick fragments of the volva, which become fuscous, convex, then plane, 
 fleshy. St. 6-7 x 1-2-5 cm., white, firm, slightly attenuated upwards, 
 squamulose below the ring, base bulbous. Ring white, superior, thin, 
 torn, slightly striate, villous outside, at length fugacious. Volva 
 whitish, becoming fuscous, evanescent. Gills white, free, crowded, very 
 broad, 8-12 mm., ventricose. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 
 6-9 x 4-5/Lt. Taste sweet, or slightly acrid. Poisonous. Deciduous 
 woods. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 246. A. aspera (Fr.) Qu61. Asper, rough. 
 P. 5-8 cm., straw colour, grey, olive, or bistre, covered with small, 
 
 pointed, floccose, sulphur coloured, persistent fragments of the volva,
 
 AMANITA. ARMILLARIA 105 
 
 which become whitish or brownish in dry weather, convex, then 
 plane. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., white, attenuated upwards, slightly floccose, 
 base bulbous, surmounted by sulphur coloured flocci that become brown- 
 ish. Ring white, distant, margin sprinkled with sulphur coloured flocci. 
 Volva sulphur coloured, friable. Gills white, or tinged sulphur colour, 
 rounded-free, ventricose. Flesh white, yellowish, or brownish under the 
 epidermis. Spores white, ovoid, 7-8 x 6-7 /A, 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 sparse, vesiculose, 20-40 x 18-25 p. Smell and taste pleasant. 
 Poisonous. Beech woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 A. magnifica (Fl. Dan.) Fr. = Amanita rubescens (Pers.) Fr. var. 
 magnifica (Fl. Dan.) Rea. 
 
 A. arida Fr. = Lepiota arida (Fr.) Gillet. 
 
 A. lenticularis (Lasch) Fr. = Lepiota lenticularis (Lasch) Cke. 
 
 A. megalodactylus Berk. & Br. = Lepiota lenticularis (Lasch) Cke. 
 var. megalodactylus (B. & Br.) Rea. 
 
 B. Pileus confluent, and homogeneous with the fleshy stem. 
 
 *With a membranaceous ring on the stem. 
 
 Spores white. 
 
 Armillaria Fr. 
 
 (Armilla, a ring.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy. Ring membranaceous, 
 or subarachnoid, adnate, persistent, or fugacious. Gills sinuato- 
 adnexed, decurrent, or adnate. Spores white, elliptical, oval, or 
 globose, smooth. Growing on the ground, and on wood, sometimes 
 caespitose. 
 
 (a) Gills sinuato-adnexed. 
 247. A. bulbigera (A. & S.) Fr. Bulbus, a bulb; gero, I bear. 
 
 P. 7-5-10 cm., pale yellowish brick colour, fleshy, not compact, con- 
 vexo-flattened, obtuse, moist; margin paler, squamuloso-fibrillose from 
 the fragments of the veil. St. 5-7-5 x 1-5-2 cm., white, equal, floccose 
 with the remains of the arachnoid veil up to the ring, sometimes the 
 separable cuticle is marked longitudinally with blackish fibrils, base 
 marginately bulbous. Ring white, arachnoid, silky, fugacious. Gills 
 white, then cream colour, or reddish, broadly emarginate, ventricose, 
 broad. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle, and above the base of the 
 gills. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/A. In pine woods. Sept. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Exactly like a white-spored Cortinarius.
 
 106 ARMILLARIA 
 
 248. A. rufa (Batt.) Quel. (= Agaricus causetta Barla sec. Quel.; 
 Armillaria focalis Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 51, t. 33, as 
 Armillaria aurantia Fr. fide Boudier. Rufa, red. 
 
 P. 8-12 cm., chestnut, or brownish tawny, convex, then plane; 
 margin fibrillose, torn. St. 6-9 x 3 cm., white, covered with reddish tawny 
 squamules up to the ring, apex glabrous, equal, attenuated and root- 
 ing at the base. Ring reddish, squamulose. Gills greenish white, sinuate. 
 Flesh white, compact. Spores white, globose, 3-4/i, punctate. Taste 
 pleasant. Edible. Sandy coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 249. A. focalis Fr. (= Armillaria rufa (Batt.) Quel.) 
 
 Focale, a neck-cloth. 
 
 P. 10-12-5 cm., reddish tawny, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, 
 slightly shining, silky-fibrillose. St. 7-5-9 x 2-5 cm., whitish, becoming 
 tawny, equal, fibrillose. Ring concolorous, median, oblique. Gills 
 white, then pale, emarginato-free, crowded. Flesh pale tawny. Spores 
 white, "4-5 x 3 /A" Rick. Pine woods, and under old laurel trees. 
 Aug. Oct. Rare. 
 
 var. Goliath Fr. The giant Goliath. 
 
 Differs from the type in its larger size, in the revolute torn margin 
 of the p., in the st. becoming tawny fibrillose downwards, in the fugacious 
 ring, and in the thinner flesh at the margin of the p. 
 
 250. A. robusta (A. & S.) Fr. (= Agaricus caligatus Viv. sec. Quel.) 
 Boud. Icon. t. 22. Robusta, strong. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., bay brown rufescent, margin paler, very fleshy, convex, 
 then expanded, obtuse; margin scaly-fibrillose. St. 4-7 x 2-3 cm., 
 white, covered with rufescent squamules up to the ring, fusiform, apex 
 mealy. Ring white, streaked with rufescent fibrils, large, subpersistent. 
 Gills whitish, or cream colour, broadly emarginate, almost free, 10- 
 12 mm. broad, crowded, often transversely veined. Flesh white, 
 reddish under the cuticle of the p. Spores white, globose, 4-5 /it. Taste 
 and smell pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. minor Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. part in, t. 1, fig. 4, as Armillaria 
 subannulata Batsch. Minor, smaller. 
 
 Differs from the type in the smooth p. and in very narrow gills and 
 ring. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 251. A. caligata (Viv.) Fr. (= Armillaria robusta A. & S. sec. Quel.) 
 Boud. Icon. t. 21. Caliga, a soldier's shoe. 
 
 P. 612 cm., brownish chestnut, somewhat purplish, covered with ad- 
 pressed, denticulate, darker squamules on the disc, firm, convex, de-
 
 ARMILLARIA 107 
 
 pressed at the centre; margin white, incurved, appendiculate with the 
 veil. St. 58 x 1-2-5 cm., white, and mealy at the apex, covered with 
 large, denticulate, dark chestnut squamules below the ring, attenuated at 
 the base. Ring white inside, torn, covered on the outside with similar 
 squamules, ascending. Gills white, adnate, slightly decurrent, broad. 
 Flesh white, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4ju,. Smell of pear. 
 Taste bitter. Edible. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 A. aurantia (Schaeff.) Fr. = Tricholoma aurantium (SchaefE.) Fr. Syst. 
 
 252. A. colossa (Fr.) Bond. (=Tricholoma colossum Fr.) Boud. Icon. 
 t. 20. Ko\oacr6<f, a gigantic statue. 
 
 P. 10-22 cm., reddish tawny, darker at the centre, globose, then ex- 
 panded, plano-convex, then depressed, always very obtuse, repand, 
 becoming broken up into scales; margin whitish, incurved, slightly 
 viscid, cottony. St. 7-5-10 x 6-10 cm., concolorous, or more deeply 
 coloured than the p. below the ring, apex white, floccose, base bulbous. 
 Ring white, then becoming reddish, membranaceous, soon fugacious. Gills 
 white, then pale brick red, rounded, sinuate, very wide, 12 mm. broad, 
 fragile, torn. Flesh white, then pale brick-red, very hard, thick. Spores 
 white, globose, 6-7 x 5-7 /*, with a large central gutta. Taste nutty, 
 then slightly bitter. Edible. Pine woods. June Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 253. A. ramentacea (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma ramentaceum (Bull.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 53, t. 71. Ramenta, shavings. 
 
 P. 57-5 cm., whitish, or greyish, covered with adpressed, floccose, 
 dark grey, or bistre scales, convex, then plane, obtuse, or gibbous, at 
 length depressed, and revolute. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, 
 covered with adpressed, fuscous, or bistre squamules below the ring, firm, 
 unequal, often thickened at the base. Ring white above, greyish and 
 scaly on the outside, often stained yellowish, membranaceous, fugacious. 
 Gills white, often stained with yellow, emarginato-adnexed, separating 
 free, 6-8 mm., broad, crowded, then subdistant, thin. Flesh white, 
 yellowish under the epidermis. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4/A, with 
 a large central gutta. Taste sweet. Smell unpleasant. Under pines. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 A. constricta Fr. = Lepiota constricta (Fr.) Quel. 
 A. glioderma (Fr.) Quel. = Lepiota glioderma Fr. 
 
 254. A. delicata (Fr.) Boud. (= Lepiota delicata Fr.) Boud. Icon, 
 t. 23. Delicata, tender. 
 
 P. 13 cm., rufescent, pale rose, yellowish, or brownish, convex, then 
 plane, depressed at the centre, often slightly umbonate, viscid; margin 
 faintly sulcate. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, tinted with the colour 
 of the p., and fioccoso-scaly or tomentose below the ring, equal. Ring
 
 108 ARMILLARIA 
 
 concolorous, membranaceous, densely floccoso- scaly. Gills white, be- 
 coming tinted with the colour of the p. when old, almost free, crowded, 
 thin, ventricose. Flesh white, or yellowish, thin. Spores white, 
 globose, 5-6 /z. Coniferous woods, hothouses, and about old stumps. 
 June Sept. Rare in woods. 
 
 255. A. haematites B. & Br. Cke. lUus. no. 54, t. 45. 
 
 aifjLaTirr/s, bloody. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., red liver colour, hemispherical, then somewhat flattened, 
 or depressed at the centre, thin, slightly hispid, becoming smooth. 
 St. 4-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., concolorous below the ring, whitish above, equal ; 
 base thickened, white floccose. Ring whitish, then concolorous, sub- 
 membranaceous, narrow, inferior, scaly beneath, torn, often fugacious. 
 Gills white, then whitish tinged with rose, and becoming rose colour 
 when rubbed, sinuato-adnate, or shortly decurrent, scarcely crowded, 
 narrow, 3mm. broad. Flesh pale liver colour, slightly yellowish in the st. 
 Spores white, ovoid-ellipsoid, 4 x 3/Lt. Among fir leaves. Nov. Rare. 
 
 256. A. Jasonis Cke. & Massee. (=Lepiota amianthina (Scop.) Fr. 
 sec. Boud. Cke. Illus. no. 1113, t. 955. 
 
 Jason and the golden fleece. 
 
 P. 2-5-7-5 cm., golden yellow, disc tawny, fleshy, campanulate, then 
 expanded, with a distinct rounded umbo, granularly papillate, granules 
 innate; margin appendiculate with the fibrous veil. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 6- 
 9 mm., concolorous, equal, or slightly thickened at the base, squamu- 
 lose below the ring. Ring concolorous, distant, squarrose, torn. Gills 
 white, then pallid, adnate, scarcely crowded, thin. Flesh reddish. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 5/n. Smell strong. Caespitose. On 
 stumps. Sept. Rare. 
 
 (b) Gills more or less decurrent. 
 
 257. A. mellea (Vahl.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 332. 
 
 Md, honey. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., ochraceous yellow, tawny, or bistre, covered with oliva- 
 ceous, or brownish hairy squamules, fleshy, convex, then flattened, and 
 depressed in the centre; margin paler, striate. St. 7-5-15 x -5-1 cm., 
 yellow, tawny, or bistre, often covered with olivaceous down below the 
 ring, becoming blackish with age, equal, or subbulbous at the base, 
 elastic, fibrillose, apex striate. Ring white, becoming discoloured, apical, 
 silky, membranaceous, thick, swollen at the margin. Gills whitish 
 flesh colour, then rufescent, adnate, decurrent by a tooth, subdistant. 
 Flesh white, becoming discoloured, floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 
 8-9 x 5-6 p,. Cystidia "on edge of gill basidia-like, 40-60 x 8-12ju," 
 Rick. Taste acrid. Edible. Caespitose. On old stumps, and buried 
 fragments of wood. July Dec. Very common, (v.v.)
 
 ARMILLABIA 109 
 
 var. sulphurea (Weinm.) Fr. Sulphurea, sulphur colour. 
 
 Differs from the type in the yellow, or yellowish flesh coloured p., 
 and the sulphur coloured gills. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. minor Barla. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 21, figs. 3-4. 
 
 Minor, smaller. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, and thinner flesh. Woods 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. maxima Barla. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 22, figs. 1-2. 
 
 Maxima, very large. 
 
 Differs from the type in the very large p. 20 cm. or more, st. 15x4 cm., 
 ventricose, attenuated at the base, and very wide ring, tawny on the outside. 
 Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. obscura Gillet. Obscura, dark. 
 
 Differs from the type in the brownish p., covered with numerous 
 black scales. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. glabra Gillet. Glabra, smooth. 
 
 Differs from the type in the smooth pileus. Woods. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. bulbosa Barla. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 22, figs. 3-7. 
 
 Bulbosa, bulbous. 
 
 Differs from the type in the reddish, bulbous stem, and ochraceous, 
 or bright bistre ring. Woods. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. viridi-flava Barla. Barla, Champ. Prov. Nice, t. 11, figs. 1-3. 
 
 Viridis, green ;flava, yellow 
 
 Differs from the type in the greenish p., covered with yellow scales, 
 or fibrils, in the bright yellow, or sulphur coloured st., the citron yellow 
 ring, and the yellowish gills. Stumps in hedgerows. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. laricina (Bolt.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 21, figs. 5-6. 
 
 Larix, larch. 
 
 Differs from the type in the flesh coloured, glabrous, not striate p., 
 and the white, narrow gills. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. versicolor W. G. Sm. 1 Verto, I turn; color, colour. 
 
 Differs from the type in the bulbous, white, then brown st., and the 
 yellow white, then deep red brown gills. 
 
 1 W. G. Smith probably referred this wrongly to Agaricus versicolor 
 With.
 
 110 ARMILLARIA 
 
 var. tabescens (Scop.) Rea. (= Clitocybe tabescens (Scop.) Fr.; 
 Agaricus gymnopodius Bull. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 51, 
 cited in text under t. 61, as Clitocybe tabescens (Scop.) Fr. 
 
 Tabesco, I waste away. 
 
 Differs from the type in the complete absence of the ring. Woods, 
 and hedgerows. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 258. A. denigrata Fr. (=Pholiota erebia Fr. sec. Lange). Fr. Icon. t. 20. 
 
 Denigro, I colour very black. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., dark brown, convex, then plane, obtuse, slightly viscid, 
 looking as if covered with minute drops of water, owing to the presence of 
 elevated warts. St. 5-6 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid fuscous, brown at the base, 
 equal, or ventricose and attenuated, elastic, fibrillosely striate. Ring 
 paler, superior, membranaceous, narrow, entire, fugacious. Gills pale 
 brown, then darker, sinuato-decurrent, narrow. Flesh bistre, firm. 
 Solitary, or caespitose. At the base of old trees, and in garden 
 humus. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 259. A. citri (Inzenga) Fr. Citrus, orange. 
 P. 5 cm., sulphur yellow, convex, then plane, subumbonate, fleshy; 
 
 margin becoming white, crenulate. St. 57-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, 
 base rufescent, equal, apex white floccose. Gills whitish, adnate, 
 crowded. Spores white, "subglobose, 5 x 4jn" Massee. Smell of 
 new meal. Caespitose. On stumps. Rare. 
 
 (c) Gills equal behind, st. externally subcartilaginous. 
 
 260. A. subcava (Schum.) Fr. Sub, somewhat; cava, hollow. 
 
 P. 25 cm., white, umbo umber, submembranaceous, convexo-plane, 
 viscid, striate to the middle. St. 7-9 cm. x 6 mm., white, fistulose up- 
 wards, equal, slightly dotted below the ring. Ring white, inferior, torn. 
 Gills white, decurrent, plane. Flesh white, thick. Fir woods. July 
 Nov. Rare. 
 
 261. A. mucida (Schrad.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 58, t. 16. 
 
 Mucida, slimy. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., white, or grey, thin, almost diaphanous, hemispherical, 
 then expanded, obtuse, more or less radiato-wrinkled, glutinous ; margin 
 striate when thinner. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-15 mm., white, base thickened 
 and fuliginously scaly, rigid, striate above the ring. Ring white, 
 becoming fuscous from the dried gluten, superior, dependent, often 
 sulcate. Gills white, then yellowish, rounded behind, decurrent by a 
 tooth, distant, broad, lax. Flesh white, mucilaginous. Spores white, 
 globose, 15-17/u,, multi-guttulate. Cystidia none. Taste mild. Edible. 
 On beeches, rarely on oaks and birches. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.)
 
 BOZITES. PHOLIOTA 111 
 
 Spores ferruginous, rough; general veil persistent. 
 
 Rozites Karst. 
 (E. Roze, a French mycologist.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, white pruinose with the thin general veil. 
 Stem central, fleshy. Ring membranaceous. Gills adnate. Spores 
 ferruginous, pip-shaped, rough, with an apical germ-pore. Growing 
 on the ground. 
 
 262. R. caperatus (Pers.) Karst. (= Pholiota caperata (Pers.) Fr.) 
 Holland, Champ, t. 59, no. 132, as Pholiota caperata. 
 
 Caperatus, wrinkled. 
 
 P. 413 cm., more or less intensely yellow, campanulate, then ex- 
 panded, obtuse, viscid only when moist and not truly so, incrusted 
 with the fioccose-mealy universal veil, which is crowded on the even 
 disc, and squamulose and fugacious towards the thin, lacunoso-wrinkled, 
 sulcate, splitting margin. St. 8-17 x 2-5-3-5 cm., white, becoming 
 tinged with yellow, stout, fibrillose, striate, equal, base often tuberous, 
 and the universal veil often cohering in the form of a volva, squamulose 
 above the ring. Ring white, becoming yellowish, membranaceous, 
 striate, distant, often oblique and torn. Gills clay-cinnamon, adnate, 
 crowded, thin, denticulate. Flesh whitish, becoming yellowish. Spores 
 ferruginous, pip-shaped, 11-12 x 8/x, rough, 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 "on edge of gill clavate, 45-50 x 8-10//," Rick. Smell and taste 
 pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, generally smooth; general veil 
 none, or fugacious. 
 
 Pholiota Fr. 
 
 (</>oXt5, a scale; 0^9, the ear.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring membranaceous, per- 
 sistent, or fugacious, superior, or inferior. Gills adnate, or decurrent 
 by a tooth. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, rarely fuscous, ellip- 
 tical, oval, obovate, subreniform or oblong elliptical, generally smooth, 
 continuous, or with a germ-pore. Cystidia variable. Growing on 
 the ground, or on wood, often caespitose. 
 
 I. Growing on the ground, not adnate to mosses, rarely caespitose. 
 
 263. P. aurea (Mattusch) Fr. (= Lepiota pyrenaea Quel. sec. Maire ; 
 Pholiota spectabilis Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 101. 
 
 Aurea, golden. 
 
 Entirely golden-tawny. P. 425 cm., fleshy, convex, obtuse, soft, 
 at first velvety, then torn into innate, hairy squamules. St. 6-28 x 1- 
 3-5 cm., somewhat equal, becoming pale, sprinkled below the ring with
 
 112 PHOLIOTA 
 
 a separating, ferruginous scurf, apex flocculose. Ring membranaceous, 
 externally flocculose and ferruginous-furfuraceous, internally golden- 
 tawny, about 2-5 cm. distant from the p., properly inferior, but 
 appearing to be medial, at first erect, then spreading, sometimes 
 small, often however wide, laciniate. Gills pallid ferruginous, adnexed, 
 then free, attenuated at both ends, ventricose, crowded, connected 
 by veins. Flesh white, becoming yellow. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 
 9-10 x 4-5ju, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Subcaespitose. On the 
 ground, and on sawdust heaps. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Vahlii (Schum.) Fr. Fl. Dan. 1. 1498. M. Vahl in Flora Danica. 
 Differs from the type in the smooth pileus, and somewhat free gills. 
 
 var. Herefordiensis Renny. Cke. Illus. no. 374, t. 347. 
 
 Herefordiensis, belonging to Hereford. 
 Differs from the type in the granulate, tuberculate stem. 
 
 264. P. terrigena Fr. (= Pholiota Cookei Fr. sec. Massee.) Fr. Icon, 
 t. 103, fig. 1. Terra, earth; yiyvo/jiat, to be born. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., dingy yellow, fleshy, convex, or lens-shaped, then 
 flattened, obtuse, adpressedly silky with fibrils, fibrillosely scaly towards 
 themargin. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-12 mm., concolorous, equal, fleshy-fibrous, 
 covered withfloccose, squarrose squamules that become ferruginous. Ring 
 thin, torn. Gills pallid light yellow, then olivaceous-ferruginous, adnate, 
 decurrent with a tooth, scarcely crowded, 4 mm. broad. Flesh yellow. 
 Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 5-8 x 2-3 /x" Karst. Woods, hedge- 
 rows, and old earthy stumps. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 265. P. erebia Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 377, t. 358. 
 
 e/oe/So?, a place of nether darkness. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., lurid, or becoming ferruginous-lurid when moist, be- 
 coming pale (ochraceous clay) when dry, slightly fleshy, convex, then 
 flattened, almost viscid, rugulose; margin striate when dry. St. 2-5- 
 5 cm. x 36 mm., fuliginous, becoming pale, equal, often cohering at 
 the base, fibrillose, striate. Ring membranaceous, white, becoming 
 discoloured, sulcate, superior. Gills pallid, then dingy cinnamon, 
 adnate, subdistant. Flesh pale brownish. Spores ferruginous, pip- 
 shaped, 10-12 x 5-6/n, 1-2-guttulate. Woods, pastures, and heaths. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 266. P. ombrophila Fr. 0/4/8/305, a storm of rain; </>t\o<?, loving. 
 P. 4-8 cm., pale ferruginous when moist, clay colour when dry, con- 
 vex, then plane, gibbous, here and there repand, almost viscid, very 
 hygrophanous; margin striate when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., 
 pallid, fragile, equal, obsoletely fibrillose, or slightly striate. Ring
 
 PHOLIOTA 113 
 
 membranaceous, white, distant, entire, reflexed. Gills pallid, then 
 watery ferruginous, adfixed, then separating almost free, ventricose, 
 crowded. Flesh becoming white, thin, soft. Spores ochraceous, ellip- 
 tical, or pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4-6 yn,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge 
 of gill lanceolate-capitate, 50-60 x 12-15//," Rick. Heaths, and 
 pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. brunneola Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 103, fig. 2. Brunneola, brownish. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, its obtuse, brown pileus, and 
 its narrower gills. 
 
 267. P. molliscorium Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1161, t. 1171. 
 
 Mollis, soft; ftopiov, skin. 
 
 P. 57-5 cm., tawny yellow, disc darker, margin paler, fleshy, convex, 
 then plane, obtuse, at length depressed, soft like kid leather, shining; 
 margin acute, thin. St. 7-5 cm. x 6-10 mm., pale yellow, equal, erect, 
 silky, apex punctately squamulose. Ring yellow, distant, broad, de- 
 ciduous. Gills ferruginous, narrowly adnate, crowded, thin, ventri- 
 cose, 4 mm. broad. Flesh yellow, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 
 12 x 5-6/i. Gregarious. On the ground. June. Rare. 
 
 268. P. togularis (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 101. 
 
 Togula, a little cloak. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., pallid ochraceous, disc darker, campanulate, then ex- 
 panded, obtuse, orbicular, sometimes striate. St. 3-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 whitish, becoming fuscous at the thickened base, equal, fibrillosely striate, 
 apex mealy. Ring white, membranaceous, medial, entire, spreading, 
 reflexed. Gills yellow, at length pallid ferruginous, adnato-separating, 
 attenuated at both ends, crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming yellow. 
 Spores ferruginous, oblong, 78 x 3-4 /A, 1-guttulate, "with flattened 
 germ-pore. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform, 25-36 x 6-8 p," Rick. 
 Woods, and pastures. May Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. fllaris Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 104, fig. 4. Filum, a thread. 
 
 Differs from the type in being two to three times smaller with a 
 yellowish stem. Lawns, and pastures. July. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 269. P. blattaria Fr. Blattarius, like a cockroach. 
 
 P. 1-5-2-5 cm., ferruginous, becoming pale, hygrophanous, thin, 
 convex, or umbonate, soon flattened; margin paler, striate. St. 2-5- 
 5 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, silky, straight. Ring white, membrana- 
 ceous, distant, silky, entire. Gills watery-cinnamon, rounded behind, 
 free, ventricose. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores ferruginous, 
 EBB. 8
 
 114 PHOLIOTA 
 
 elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5 /A, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill 
 fusiform-subulate, 30-36 x 7-9 /i" Rick. Lawns, arable fields, and 
 gardens. Aug. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 270. P. dura (Bolt.) Fr. Durus, hard. 
 P. 5-9 cm., tawny tan colour, becoming fuscous, fleshy, somewhat 
 
 compact, convexo-plane, obtuse, becoming cracked into patches. St. 
 5-8 cm. x 10-15 mm., yellowish, hard, becoming silky-even, then 
 longitudinally cracked when dry, apex thickened, mealy, sometimes 
 ventricose and irregularly shaped, furnished with fibrillose rootlets 
 at the base. Ring white, membranaceous, thin, apical, often torn, 
 fugacious. Gills white, then livid, or fuscous ferruginous, adnate, 
 striato-decurrent with a tooth, ventricose, 7-12 mm. broad. Flesh 
 whitish. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 9-12 x 6-8/x,, with a germ- 
 pore. Cystidia " vesiculose-clavate, on edge of gill almost flask- 
 shaped, 36-50 x 12-18/z" Rick. Smell strong. Fields, and gardens. 
 May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. xanthophylla Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 159. 
 
 gavffos, yellow; <f>v\\ov, a leaf. 
 Differs from the type in the bright sulphur yellow gills. 
 
 271. P. praecox (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 381, t. 360. 
 
 Praecox, early. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., whitish, then tan colour, becoming pale, fleshy, soft, con- 
 vex, soon plane, obtuse, moist. St. 4-9 cm. x 6-10 mm., white, be- 
 coming yellowish, equal, at first mealy with white flocci, then somewhat 
 naked, base white floccose. Ring whitish, membranaceous, entire, 
 reflexed, striate above. Gills whitish, then rust coloured, rounded- 
 adnexed, 4-10 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, yellowish in the stem, 
 soft. Spores ferruginous, oblong elliptical, 10-13 x 6-8/A, 1-guttulate. 
 Cystidia sack-shaped, often slightly constricted towards the apex, 
 30-40 x 13-15/x. Taste sweet. "Edible," Quelet. Woods, pastures, 
 and roadsides. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. minor (Batt.) Fr. Minor, smaller. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size (scarcely 2-5 cm. broad), and 
 in the torn, appendiculate ring. Pastures. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 272. P. sphaleromorpha (Bull.) Fr. 
 
 o~(f>a\p6<;, deceptive; fxop(f>ij, form. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., light yellow, fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, obtuse. St. 
 7-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., yellowish, attenuated upwards, silky, base in- 
 crassated, villose. Ring whitish, membranaceous, very thin, median, 
 ample, spreading, lax, entire. Gills yellowish, then ferruginous-tan,
 
 PHOLIOTA 115 
 
 equally broad, truly decurrent, linear, 3 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, 
 hygrophanous. Spores "almost colourless under the microscope, 
 cylindrical-elliptical, 6-7 x 3-Afj,, smooth. Cystidia ventricose-fusi- 
 form, 60-75 x 10-12/x." Kick. Leaf soil, heaths, and peat bogs. 
 July Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 II. Growing on wood, or epiphytal, most frequently caespitose. 
 
 *P. naked not scaly, but here and there rimoso-rivulose. 
 Gills pallid, then rufescent, or becoming fuscous. 
 
 273. P. radicosa (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 382, t. 361. 
 
 Radicosus, having a root. 
 
 P. 5-13 cm., clay-coloured, then spotted rufous, fleshy, convexo- 
 plane, viscid, becoming dry. St. 7-5-24 x 1-2-5 cm., white, firm, 
 thickened at the base and fusiform rooted, concentrically scaly below the 
 ring, the floccose, erect scales becoming rufous, apex mealy, pruinose. 
 Eing white, membranaceous, distant, rather erect, entire, scaly. Gills 
 pallid, then rufescent ferruginous, rounded behind, somewhat free, very 
 crowded, 6 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, moderately thick. Spores 
 ochraceous, elliptical, 89 x 5/u,, "rough. Cystidia on edge of gill 
 filamentous-clavate, 36-40 x 6-8/-1, thin walled " Rick. Smell plea- 
 sant, like cherry laurel, or bitter almonds. Taste pleasant. Solitary or 
 gregarious. Woods about stumps. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 274. P. pudica (Bull.) Fr. Pudica, modest. 
 P. 5-10 cm., whitish, or slightly tawny, disc darker, globose, or oval, 
 
 then convex, and expanded, obtuse, umbonate, dry. St. 3-6 cm. x 8- 
 10 mm., whitish, straight, or curved at the base, equal, or attenuated 
 upwards, sometimes excentric, fibrous. Ring white, membranaceous, 
 large, spreading, persistent. Gills whitish, then tawny, adnato-de- 
 current,wide,ventricose. Spores " ferruginous 8 x 5-6 /A " Sacc. Often 
 solitary. In woods on old trunks, at the base of trees, and on elder 
 trunks. May Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 275. P. leochroma Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 384, t. 363. 
 
 \ernv, a lion ; ^<w//,a, colour. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., bright tawny, whitish at the margin, fleshy, convexo- 
 plane, at length depressed, soft, generally rivulose from the cracking 
 of the cuticle. St. 7-12 cm. x 8-13 mm., paler than the pileus, white 
 above, nearly equal, fibrous. Ring tawny, persistent, membranaceous. 
 Gills pallid, then cinnamon, rounded, adnate, slightly ventricose. 
 Flesh yellowish, somewhat tawny under the cuticle of the p., and at the 
 base of the st. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/x, 1-2-guttulate. 
 Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Caespitose. Elm stumps. July 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 82
 
 116 PHOLIOTA 
 
 276. P. aegerita (Porta) Fr. (= PTioliota capistrata Cke., Pholiota 
 
 luxurians (Batt.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. nos. 385, 386, t. 364, as Pho- 
 liota capistrata Cke. and t. 453. afoetpo?, the black poplar. 
 
 P. 3-12 cm., tawny, becoming pale white towards the margin, fleshy, 
 convex then plane, rivuloso- wrinkled, slightly viscid when moist, silky 
 when dry, disc often areolately cracked; margin incurved, scalloped. 
 St. 815 x 1-53 cm., white, becoming stained with yellow, attenuated 
 downwards, fibrillose, often striate. Eing white, membranaceous, 
 large, superior, reflexed. Gills pallid, then fuscous, adnate, decurrent 
 with a small tooth, crowded. Flesh white, brownish under the cuticle 
 of the p. and at the base of the st. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 
 9-10 x 5-7 /i. Cystidia broadly clavate or pear-shaped, 30-36 x 12- 
 15/x. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Caespitose. Stumps, 
 especially elm. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 277. P. Junonia Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 397, t. 369. 
 
 Junonia, belonging to Juno. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., rich yellow, or tawny yellow, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, 
 obtuse. St. 49 cm. x 614 mm., tawny, yellow and mealy above the 
 ring, equal, firm, incurved, often excentric. Ring concolorous, mem- 
 branaceous, inferior, reflexed. Gills yellow, then tawny, adnate, 
 crowded, broad. Flesh pale yellow, compact. Spores ferruginous, 
 elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /LI. Usually solitary. Trunks. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 **P. scaly, gills changing colour. P. not hygrophanous. 
 
 a. Gills pallid, then becoming fuscous, olivaceous, clay 
 coloured, not truly ferruginous. 
 
 278. P. destruens (Brond.) Fr. (= Pholiota comosa Fr. sec. Quel., 
 
 Pholiota heteroclita Fr. sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 84. 
 
 Destruens, destructive. 
 
 P. 6-20 cm., yellowish white, disc becoming tawny, covered with white, 
 woolly, fugacious scales, fleshy, somewhat viscid, convex, then flattened, 
 sometimes gibbose, or broadly umbonate; margin at first involute, 
 fibrillose. St. 5-17 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, covered with white, fugacious 
 squamules, becoming smooth, attenuated at the apex, base bulbous 
 and rooting. Ring white, floccose, fugacious. Gills white, then becoming 
 umber cinnamon, rounded behind, adnexed, or plano-adnate and 
 striato-decurrent, crowded. Flesh white, fulvous cinnamon in the base 
 of the st. Spores fuscous ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 5/x. Cystidia "on 
 edge of gill cylindrical, or clavate-capitate, 40-60 x 8-12ju " Rick. 
 Smell unpleasant, taste bitter, then sweet. Poplar, birch, beech, and 
 willow trunks. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 PHOLIOTA 117 
 
 279. P. heteroclita Fr. (= Pholiota destruens (Brond.) Fr. sec. Bres.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 389, t. 366. erepos, one side; K\ivw, I lean. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., whitish, or yellowish, tawny when old, generally broken 
 up into broad, scattered, innate, adpressed, spot-like (darker) scales, 
 fleshy, compact, hemispherical, then flattened, very obtuse, some- 
 times viscid when old and wet; margin often appendiculate with the 
 remains of the ring. St. 5 x 1-2-5 cm., white, commonly curved- 
 ascending, base bulbous and bluntly rooting, hard, fibrillose. Ring 
 floccose, fugacious, cortinate, encircling the stem with an annular 
 zone. Gills pallid, at length dirty ferruginous, rounded behind, slightly 
 adnexed, very broad, crowded. Flesh white, rhubarb coloured at the 
 base of the stem. Spores ferruginous, "8-10 x 5-6 /A" Karst. Smell 
 strong, pungent, almost that of horse-radish. Solitary. Trunks of 
 poplar, birch, and willow. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 280. P. auriveUa (Batsch) Fr. Aurum, gold; vellus, fleece. 
 P. 5-17 cm., yellow, or ferruginous yellow, fleshy, campanulate, then 
 
 convex, compact at the disc, gibbous when expanded, moist, with 
 darker adpressed spot-like scales; margin involute, sprinkled with floc- 
 cose scales. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., yellowish, clothed with adpressed, floc- 
 coso-fibrillose, fuscous ferruginous scales up to the ring, at length naked, 
 fibrillose, equal, somewhat rooting. Ring floccoso-fibrillose, superior. 
 Gills whitish, then straw coloured, at length ferruginous date-brown, or 
 somewhat fuscous, sinuato-adnexed, broad, crowded. Flesh white, be- 
 coming yellowish. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-gut- 
 tulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-fusiform, 30-45 x 6-9 /z, 
 contents becoming yellow" Rick. Caespitose, or solitary. On old 
 trunks, and stumps. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. filamentosa (SchaeflE.) Fr. Filum, a thread. 
 
 Differs from the type in the smaller, fulvous pileus, with subcon- 
 centric, adnate scales, in the filamentous stem, and the fioccoso-radiate 
 ring. Pine woods. 
 
 281. P. squarrosa (Mull.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 391, t. 367. 
 
 Squarrosa, scaly. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., saffron ferruginous, or ochraceous, fleshy, campanulato- 
 convex, then flattened, obtusely umbonate, or gibbose, squarrose with 
 innate, crowded, revolute, darker (becoming fuscous) persistent scales. 
 St. 6-20 x 1-2-5 cm., concolorous, attenuated downwards, often in- 
 crassated at the base, squarrose up to the ring with crowded, revolute, 
 darker scales. Ring of the same colour as the scales, fibrillose, laciniate, 
 superior. Gills pallid olivaceous, then ferruginous, adnate with a de- 
 current tooth, crowded, narrow. Flesh light yellow. Spores ferru- 
 ginous, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 /A. Cystidia "clavate, pointed, 30-
 
 118 PHOLIOTA 
 
 45 x 10-12ji, contents olive-yellow" Rick. Smell unpleasant, like 
 rotting wood, sometimes none. Densely caespitose. On and near 
 trunks and stumps, especially ash and apple, more rarely under 
 conifers. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Mulleri Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 392, t. 471. 
 
 0. F. Muller, the Danish mycologist. 
 
 Differs from the type in the obtuse, moist, pallid p., with darker ad- 
 pressed scales, in the equal stem, the entire ring, and in the gills becoming 
 fuscous. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 fi, 1-2-guttulate. On 
 beech stumps. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. verruculosa (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 398, t. 370, upper figs., 
 as Pholiota tuberculosa (Schaeff.) Fr. sec. Boud. 
 
 Verruculosa, full of warts. 
 
 Differs from the type in the compact, obtuse, yellow p., with crowded, 
 cinnamon scales and papillae, and in the villose-scaly stem. On maple 
 trunks. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, 
 
 var. reflexa (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 80. Reflexa, bent back. 
 
 Differs from the type in the thinner, cuspidately umbonate, pilosely- 
 squamulose p., the long, equal stem, and the membranaceous ring. At 
 the base of oak, and beech trees. Uncommon. 
 
 282. P. subsquarrosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 103, fig. 3. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; squarrosa, scaly. 
 
 P. 5-6 cm., brown-ferruginous, with darker, adpressed, fioccose scales, 
 fleshy, convex, obtuse, or gibbous, viscid. St. 5-8 cm. x 8-10 mm., 
 yellow-ferruginous, clothed with darker, adpressed scales, equal, fur- 
 nished with an annular zone at the apex. Gills pale, then dingy yellow, 
 deeply sinuate, emarginate, almost free, arcuate, crowded. Flesh of 
 stem becoming yellow-ferruginous. Spores ochraceous, oblong-ellip- 
 tical, 4-5-5 x 2-2-5/z. Cystidia ochraceous, fusiform, tapering into 
 a long exserted point, 25-30 x 6-8 p., thick walled, contents yellowish, 
 granular. Subcaespitose. On fir stumps and at the base of trunks. 
 Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 283. P. grandis Rea. Grandis, large. 
 
 P. 20-30 cm., fulvous tawny, fleshy, convex, then expanded and 
 broadly gibbous, covered with innate, deep tawny squamules at the cir- 
 cumference, which become revolute at the disc. St. 25-30 x 6-7 cm., 
 tawny below the ring, paler and deeply striate for 5 cm. above, fusi- 
 form, slightly squamulose. Ring distant, almost fugacious. Gills 
 pallid, then fuscous, deeply sinuato-decurrent, very broad, 1-5-2 cm. wide, 
 attenuated in front, somewhat crowded. Flesh light yellow, ferruginous
 
 PHOLIOTA 119 
 
 in the stem. Spores fuscous, oblong, 6 x 3/j,, 1-guttulate. Smell and 
 taste very pleasant. Caespitose. At base of oak, and ash trees. Aug. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 yS. Gills yellow then truly ferruginous, or tawny. 
 
 284. P. spectabilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 102. Spectabilis, remarkable. 
 P. 5-13 cm., tawny, or golden yellow, then becoming pale, fleshy, 
 
 compact, convex, obtuse, shining as if varnished in dry weather, torn 
 into adpressed, innate, pilose squamules of the same colour, continued 
 into the veil at the inflexed margin. St. 6-13 x 2-3 cm., sulphur 
 yellow, hard, more or less ventricose, extended into a fusiform root, 
 sheathed with the veil, sometimes squamulose, sometimes smooth, 
 shining, apex mealy. King yellowish, becoming discoloured, inferior, 
 persistent, spreading. Gills pure yellow, becoming ferruginous, adnate, 
 most frequently with a small decurrent tooth, very crowded. Flesh 
 sulphur yellow, reddening when touched, thick, hard. Spores ferru- 
 ginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5fj,, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant. Taste bitter- 
 aromatic. Caespitose. Stumps, and at the base of trees, especially 
 ash and apple. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 285. P. adiposa Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 395, t. 353. Adiposa, fat. 
 P. 3-17-5 cm., yellow, covered with superficial, floccose, subconcentric, 
 
 fugacious, ferruginous scales, fleshy, convex, then plane, somewhat 
 gibbous, very viscid. St. 6-15 x 1-2-5 cm., whitish, then light yellow, 
 clothed with squarroso-reflexed, separating, ferruginous scales, thickened 
 downwards, viscid. Eing yellow, at length ferruginous, floccoso-radiate, 
 cortinate. Gills pallid light yellow, then ferruginous, adnate, slightly 
 rounded, broad. Flesh yellowish, tawny at the base of the stem. Spores 
 fuscous ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/u. Beech, ash, and birch 
 trunks. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 286. P. lucifera (Lasch) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 85. 
 
 Lucifera, light-bringing. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., yellow, covered with minute, adpressed, fugacious, tawny 
 scales, fleshy, convexo-plane, at length umbonate, sometimes gibbous, 
 viscid, becoming smooth with age. St. 2-5 cm. x 4r-8 mm., yellow, 
 covered with floccose, fugacious, ferruginous scales, pale yellow above the 
 ring, equal, or attenuated downwards. Ring ferruginous, apical, 
 floccose, fugacious. Gills yellow, then cinnamon, or ferruginous, 
 sinuato-adnate, crowded, margin crenulate, pubescent, white. Flesh 
 yellow, ferruginous in the stem. Spores yellow under the microscope, 
 obovate, or subreniform, 7-8 x 5-6 //,. Cystidia "on edge of gill 
 clavate-subulate, 30-35 x 6-8 /x" Rick. Trunks, branches, straw, and 
 burnt earth. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
 
 120 PHOLIOTA 
 
 287. P. flamuians Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 104, fig. 1. Flammans, flaming. 
 P. 210 cm., yellow tawny, sprinkled with superficial, pilose, some- 
 what concentric, paler, or sulphur yellow, squarrose, or curly scales, 
 convex then plane, subumbonate. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-10 mm., very light 
 yellow, as are also the crowded squarrose scales, equal, often flexuose. 
 Ring concolorous, floccose, apical. Gills bright sulphur yellow, then 
 ferruginous, adnate, somewhat thin, crowded. Flesh light yellow, thin. 
 Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "clavate- 
 bottle-shaped, rarely pointed, 30-33 x 6-8/A, contents becoming 
 yellow" Rick. Gregarious, or solitary. Pine woods. July Oct. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 288. P. tuberculosa (Schaeff.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 104, fig. 2, as Pholiota 
 tuberculata. Tuberculosa, having swellings. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., tawny yellow, compactly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, 
 sometimes depressed, smooth, then broken up into innate, broad, ad- 
 pressed scales. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., bright light yellow, incurved, 
 base bulbous, rooting, fibrillose, somewhat scaly, often excentric. Ring 
 concolorous, floccose, reflexed, fugacious. Gills light yellow, then tawny, 
 or spotted ferruginous, emarginate, crowded, broad, plane, edge serru- 
 lated, white floccose. Flesh becoming yellow, not very thick. Spores 
 ochrey- ferruginous, elliptical, 5-8 x 3 /n. Solitary, or caespitose. 
 Beech and birch trunks, and on sawdust. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 289. P. curvipes Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 104, fig. 3. Curvus, bent; pes, foot. 
 P. 3-5 cm., tawny yellow, or orange, fleshy, thin, but slightly firm 
 
 and tough, convex, then plane, obtuse, wholly innato-flocculose, then 
 torn into minute scales. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-6 mm., light yellow, equal, 
 incurved, tough, fibrillose, or delicately squamulose, sometimes attenu- 
 ated downwards. Ring floccose, fugacious, rarely manifest. Gills 
 light yellowish, at length tawny, adnate, crowded, 4-6 mm. broad, edge 
 white, at length floccoso-crenate. Flesh yellowish, darker in the stem. 
 Spores slightly tawny, "6-7 x 3-4: /JL" Karst. Smell and taste pleasant. 
 On sawdust, and fallen trunks, especially poplar, birch, and rose 
 bushes. Oct. Rare. 
 
 290. P. muricata Fr. Muricata, pointed. 
 P. 2-3 cm., yellow, covered with innate, fasciculate, granular, or 
 
 needle-shaped, tawny flocci, that are either erect, or convergent like the 
 warts of a Lycoperdon, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or umbilicate. 
 St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., pale yellow, becoming fuscous, covered up 
 to the ring with floccose, subsquarrose, or peronate, brownish tawny 
 squamules, equal, or curved. Ring inferior, small, or incomplete, 
 squamulose, or floccosely radiating, fugacious, like that of Lepiota 
 granulosa. Gills whitish, or yellow, at length pale cinnamon, adnexed,
 
 PHOLIOTA 121 
 
 separating, thin, broad, edge yellowish. Flesh whitish, or yellowish, 
 thin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, "7-8 x 4-5 /u," Harper. Gregarious. 
 Beech trunks. Sept. Eare. 
 
 291. P. erinacea (Fr.) Quel. (= Naucoria erinacea Fr.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 513, t. 480, as Naucoria erinacea Fr. Erinaceus, a hedgehog. 
 
 P. 5-15 mm., ferruginous-umber, scaly and prickly with very dense, 
 crowded, fasciculate, squarrosefiocci, slightly fleshy, convex, umbilicate; 
 margin at first involute, appendiculate with the fibrillose remains of the 
 ring. St. 1-1-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, tough, equal, incurved, 
 everywhere shaggy with strigose hairs. Ring yellowish, fibrillose, ferru- 
 ginous on the under side. Gills concolorous, adnate, subdistant, ventri- 
 cose. Flesh reddish, dry, tough. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 
 9-11 x 6-7 /i, 1-2-guttulate. Dead branches. Jan. Dec. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 292. P. cruentata Cke. & Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 399, t. 502. 
 
 Cruentata, stained with blood. 
 
 P. 45 cm., yellow, then turning red, breaking up into darker, ad- 
 pressed scales, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse; margin in- 
 curved. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, curved, attenuated at 
 the base and rooting, dark red brown and sparsely squamulose below. 
 Ring fibrillose. Gills yellow, then clay colour, emarginate, rather dis- 
 tant, 4-6 mm. broad, finally separating from the stem. Flesh pale 
 yellow, at length changing to cinnabar colour. Taste insipid. Oak 
 stumps, and burnt ground. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 ***Hygrophanous. Gills cinnamon (not at first light yellow). 
 
 293. P. paxillus Fr. Paxillus; like the species Paxillus involutus. 
 Entirely cinnamon. P. 7-15 cm., subcompact, convexo-gibbous, 
 
 then expanded, moist, rather repand, becoming pale, somewhat silky 
 when dry. St. 8-16 x 1-5-2 cm., firm, slightly attenuated upwards. 
 Ring white, membranaceous, narrow, spreading. Gills decurrent, 
 crowded, broad. Flesh concolorous, compact. Trunks. Sept. Oct. 
 Rare. 
 
 294. P. dissimulans B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 400, t. 371. 
 
 Dissimulans, deceiving. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., lurid, becoming pale, or whitish, campanulate, very 
 obtuse, at length flattened, scarcely viscid, hygrophanous ; margin 
 involute. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., shining white, thickened down- 
 wards, fistulose with transverse dissepiments, base cottony. Ring erect, 
 mostly persistent. Gills pallid clay colour, sinuato-adnate, at length 
 decurrent. Flesh white, thin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 7 x 4-4-5/>t. 
 Sloe and hawthorn sticks. Oct. Nov. Rare.
 
 122 PHOLIOTA 
 
 295. P. sublutea (El. Dan.) Fr. Sub, somewhat; lutea, yellow. 
 P. 6-7-5 cm., yellow, fleshy, thin, expanded, umbonate, moist, 
 
 covered with darker squamules', margin striate when moist. St. 10- 
 12 x -5-1 cm., yellow, base thickened. Ring narrow, spreading. Gills 
 cinnamon, decurrent, crowded. Grassy ground. Oct. Rare. 
 
 296. P. phalerata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 105, fig. 1. Phalerata, decorated. 
 
 P. 5 cm., yellow, covered with superficial, fugacious, pale scales, 
 fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, moist; margin involute, 
 appendiculate. St. 710 cm. x 6 mm., concolorous, base becoming 
 ferruginous, equal, everywhere fibrillose, or fasciculately squamosely 
 pilose, adpressedly flocculose above the ring. Ring white, distant, entire, 
 reflexed. Gills yellow, then cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, 2 mm. broad, 
 attenuated at the margin. Flesh concolorous. Spores " elliptical, 
 67 x 3 4/A, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform-filamentous, 
 30-36 x 5-6 IJL " Rick. Pine woods, on twigs, pine needles, and the 
 ground. Rare. 
 
 297. P. confragosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 105, figs. 2, 3. 
 
 Confragosa, rough. 
 
 P. 34 cm., brick-red, or cinnamon rufous when moist, tawny when 
 dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, very obtuse, 
 densely fiocculoso-furfuraceous, becoming smooth with age. St. 2-5 
 7-5 x 2-4 mm., pale ferruginous, fragile, equal, flexuose, or incurved, 
 fibrillosely peronate with the veil, or naked, striate above the ring. Ring 
 white, membranaceous, spreading, fibrillose, persistent, or fugacious, 
 at length reflexed. Gills rufous, or cinnamon rufous, sometimes tinged 
 with purple, adnate, scarcely decurrent, very thin, crowded, linear, 
 2 mm. broad, edge under a lens unequal, crenulate. Flesh concolorous, 
 becoming pale. Spores "ferruginous, elliptic-oblong, 8 x 4jit" Massee. 
 Subcaespitose. Beech, and fir trunks, and on old fallen elm. Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 298. P. mutabilis (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 402, t. 355. 
 
 Mutabilis, changeable. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., cinnamon when moist, becoming pale when dry, hygro- 
 phanous, slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened, commonly obtusely 
 umbonate, sometimes depressed, sometimes squamulose when young. 
 St. 4-8 x -5-1 cm., ferruginous blackish, or umber downwards, paler 
 upwards, rigid, equal, or attenuated downwards, squarrosely scaly up 
 to the ring. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, externally squamulose. 
 Gills pallid, then cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, crowded, rather broad. 
 Flesh white, tinged brownish under the cuticle of the p. and in tJie st. 
 Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, or subglobose, 7-8 x 4-5/i, 1-guttu-
 
 PHOLIOTA 123 
 
 late. Cystidia on edge of gill clavate, or cylindrical, flexuose, 
 obtuse, 23-29 x 4 5 fj,. Caespitose. Stumps and trunks, especially 
 Tilia cordata. April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 299. P. marginata (Batsch) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 403, t. 372. 
 
 Marginata, furnished with a border. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., honey coloured when moist, tan when dry, hygrophanous, 
 slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, margin striate. St. 
 3-9 cm. x 2-8 mm., concolorous, equal, fibrillose, striate, but becoming 
 fuscous, and commonly white velvety at the base. Ring pale yellow, 
 membranaceous, distant, often cortinate and fugacious. Gills pallid, 
 then darker cinnamon, adnate, crowded, thin, narrow. Flesh con- 
 colorous, becoming paler. Spores deep ochraceous, fusiform-elliptical, 
 8-10 x 5jn, 1-2-guttulate, "almost punctate" Rick. Cystidia "ven- 
 tricose-fusiform, 50-60 x 10-12jU " Rick. On twigs, and on the 
 ground, especially in coniferous woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 300. P. sororia Karst. Sororia, sisterly. 
 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., tawny cinnamon, convex, then expanded, slightly 
 striate, squamulose. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, then paler, 
 variegated with white squamules, equal, wavy, apex scurfy. Gills pallid, 
 then cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, crowded. Spores 6-7 X 3-4 p. On 
 chips, and twigs. Rare. 
 
 301. P. mustelina Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 404, t. 356. 
 
 Mustelina, belonging to a weasel. 
 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., yellow, ochraceous, slightly fleshy, campanulate, con- 
 vex. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, equal, base thickened and white 
 villose, white mealy above the ring. Ring brown, membranaceous, re- 
 flexed. Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, subdistant, edge white, crenulate. 
 Stumps, especially pine. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 302. P. unicolor (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Unicolor, of one colour. 
 
 P. 6-20 mm., bay brown, then ochraceous, hygrophanous, fleshy, 
 campanulate, then convex, umbonate, at length striate. St. 3-4 cm. 
 x 2 mm., concolorous, or bistre brown at the base, equal, apex mealy. 
 Ring yellowish, membranaceous, thin, entire, distant, persistent. Gills 
 pallid-ochrey, slightly adnexed, ventricose, broad, edge white. Flesh con- 
 colorous, thin. Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /^, 1-guttu- 
 late, "almost punctate. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous, ventri- 
 cose at base, 50-60 x 8-10/x, apex 5/u, in diam." Rick. Trunks and 
 branches of larch, and on the ground. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.)
 
 124 PHOLIOTA. STROPHARIA 
 
 III. Growing amongst mosses. Like ringed Galerae, hygrophanous. 
 
 303. P. pumila Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 105, fig. 4. Pumila, dwarf. 
 P. 8-15 mm., ochraceous, somewhat fleshy for its size, campanulate, 
 
 then hemispherical, obtuse. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, 
 lax. Ring distinct, floccoso-woven in the form of a zone like that of the 
 Cortinarii. Gills pallid, wholly adnate, at first ascending, then plane, 4 
 6 mm. broad, almost triangular, crowded, stopping short of the acute 
 margin. Flesh concolorous, thin, watery. Spores ferruginous, pip- 
 shaped, 9 x 4-5jit. Amongst moss in pastures, on twigs, sawdust, 
 and old walls. Aug. Jan. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 304. P. mycenoides Fr. (= Galera mycenoides (Fr.) Quel.) Boud. 
 
 Icon. t. 102. Mycena, the genus Mycena; etSo?, shape. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm.., ferruginous, disc darker, transparent when moist; be- 
 coming tawny, or pale when dry, membranaceous, hygrophanous, 
 striate, campanulate, soon hemispherical, somewhat obtuse. St. 4- 
 10 cm. x 1-3 mm., tawny ferruginous, darker than the pileus, filiform, 
 apex furfur aceous, paler, then concolorous. Ring white, membranace- 
 ous, entire, large, persistent. Gills yellowish, then ferruginous, adnate, 
 with a small decurrent tooth, subdistant, at length plane. Flesh con- 
 colorous, darker in the stem. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 
 10-11 x 6-7 /A, 1-3-guttulate. Amongst moss in pastures, bogs, and 
 on lawns. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 305. P. rufidula Kalchbr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 37, fig. 3. Rufus, red. 
 P. 6-10 mm., rufous brick-red, clay colour when dry, often becoming 
 
 livid round the umbo, somewhat fleshy, convex, then somewhat plane, 
 disc always depressed, white-fiocculose at the margin from the white 
 veil, rarely appendiculate. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., watery rufescent, 
 sprinkled with white fugacious fibrils, floccose at the white base. Ring 
 white, floccose, somewhat persistent, subapical, narrow, spreading, 
 reflexed. Gills reddish, adnate, then decurrent, linear, branched, of 
 different lengths, subdistant. Flesh concolorous. Spores ochraceous 
 ferruginous, "8-10 x 4-6/u.," Massee. Pastures, and lawns. April. 
 Rare. 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous. 
 
 Stropharia Fr. 
 (<TT/3o^o?, a belt.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring membranaceous, adnate, 
 persistent, or fugacious. Gills more or less adnate. Spores purple, or 
 fuscous, rarely blackish, elliptical, elliptic-oblong or pip-shaped, 
 smooth, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia variable. Growing on 
 the ground, on dung, and on wood, sometimes caespitose, sub- 
 caespitose, or fasciculate.
 
 STROPHARIA 125 
 
 A. Pellicle of the p. even, or scaly, most frequently viscid. 
 *Not growing on dung. 
 
 306. S. depilata (Pers.) Fr. Depilata, plucked. 
 
 P. 3-12 cm., yellowish-livid, then tan, fleshy, convex, then plane, 
 obtuse, smooth, viscid. St. 415 cm. x 513 mm., white, equal, 
 clothed with white, revolute, squarrose scales below the ring. Ring white, 
 large, distant. Gills white, then blackish, adnato-decurrent, 3-8 mm. 
 broad. Flesh white, compact. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 
 7-8 x 4-5 /A. Amongst straw refuse, and in pine woods. Nov. Rare. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 307. S. Percevalii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 554, t. 550. 
 
 Cecil H. Spencer Perceval. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., ochraceous, fleshy, umbonate, then flattened, slightly 
 viscid, white floccose here and there especially at the margin, flocci at 
 length coming off. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 6 mm., pallid upwards, attenuated 
 upwards from the thickened base, rooting, transversely scaly. Ring 
 narrow, more or less persistent. Gills white, then somewhat cinereous, 
 at length pallid umber, adfixed, 8 mm. broad, very distant. Flesh at 
 length dull umber. Spores fuscous, oblong elliptic, 16-17 x 7/u,. Saw- 
 dust, and rotten wood. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 308. S. versicolor (With.) Fr. (= Armillaria mellea (Vahl.) Fr. var. 
 versicolor W. G. Sm.) Versicolor, of various colours. 
 
 P. 2'5 10 cm., becoming greenish brown, fleshy, convexo-plane, 
 scaly, the scales of the disc crowded. St. 5 cm., as thick as a swan- 
 quill, whitish fuscous, spongy-stuffed, bulbous. Ring persistent. Gills 
 pallid, then rufous brown, decurrent. On the ground. 
 
 309. S. aeraginosa (Curt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 555, t. 551. 
 
 Aeruginosa, full of copper rust. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., verdigris green from the azure blue slime, becoming pale and 
 yellowish as the slime separates, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then 
 flattened, subumbonate, obtuse when larger, viscoso-pelliculose, often 
 covered with white, fugacious squamules. St. 410 cm. x 412 mm., 
 concolorous, equal, viscid, covered with white, fugacious squamules below 
 the ring, smooth above. Ring whitish above, concolorous on the under- 
 side, distant, floccose, fugacious. Gills white, then fuscous, at length 
 somewhat purple, adnate, soft, plane, 4-8 mm. broad, not crowded, 
 edge often white. Flesh bluish, becoming whitish, not compact, thin 
 at the margin. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 7-10 x 5)n. 
 Cystidia "on surface of gill, clavate, often with a short point, 30- 
 33 x 8-10, contents becoming yellow, on edge of gill filamentous-
 
 126 STBOPHARIA 
 
 clavate, 40-75 x 8-10/u," Eick. Smell none, or somewhat strong. 
 Poisonous. Woods, pastures, heaths, gardens, and thatched roofs. 
 May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 310. S. squamulosa Massee. Squamulosa, squamulose. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm., very deep verdigris-green, margin whitish, disc becoming 
 ochraceous with age, fleshy, subglobose, then expanded, and slightly 
 depressed, margin drooping, often appendiculate with the veil, dry 
 and silky from the first, soon becoming broken up into adpressed silky 
 scales. St. 5-7 x 2 cm., paler green than the p., slightly constricted at 
 the apex, fibrillosely striate, clothed with white patches of the broken 
 up ring, base white. Gills brown, sinuately adnate, ventricose, rather 
 broad, crowded, thin, dry. Flesh of p. white, tinged with green in 
 the St., rather thin. Spores pale brown, elliptic-oblong, 8-9 x 5/x, 
 obliquely apiculate. Amongst stones, and in woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 311. S. albocyanea (Desm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 556, t. 552. 
 
 Albus, white; Kvavos, dark blue. 
 
 P. 13 cm., verdigris green, becoming whitish, sometimes white and 
 shining when young, fleshy convex, then plane, viscid with a colourless 
 gluten, smooth, naked. St. 5-8 cm. x 68 mm., whitish, or tinged 
 green, equal, ascending, or flexuose, fragile, not viscid, smooth, 
 pruinose about the ring. Ring white, becoming stained fuscous with 
 the spores, narrow, distant, often incomplete. Gills whitish, becoming 
 fuscous, sinuato-adnate, 3-4 mm. broad, thin, scarcely crowded. 
 Flesh white, soft, watery. Spores purple, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/n, with 
 a large central gutta. Woods, heaths, pastures, and ditches. Aug. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 312. S. inuncta Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 557, t. 534. Inuncta, anointed. 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., pallid light yellow, becoming livid-purple with the dense 
 
 gluten with which it is at first besmeared, fleshy, convexo-plane, sub- 
 umbonate, pelliculose, smooth; margin slightly striate. St. 4-7-5 cm. 
 X 3-4 mm., shining white, equal, very flexuose, often decumbent, 
 very soft, dry, silky fibrillose below the ring, pruinose above. Ring 
 white, median, distant, very thin, fugacious. Gills whitish, then fuscous 
 when bruised, whitish at the sides, adnate, with a decurrent tooth, 
 6 mm. broad, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thin, soft. Spores fus- 
 cous purple, elliptical, 8 x 5/i, 1-2-guttulate. Smell and taste often 
 disagreeable. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Lundensis Fr. Lundensis, appertaining to Lund, Sweden. 
 
 Differs from the type in the campanulate, then expanded p., and the 
 stuffed st.
 
 STROPHARIA 127 
 
 var. Upsaliensis Fr. Upsaliensis, appertaining to Upsala. 
 
 Differs from the type in the convex then plane p. being distinctly 
 umbonate, and in the hollow st. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. pallida B. & Br. Pallida, pallid. 
 
 Differs from the type in being very pale. 
 
 313. S. coronilla (Bull.) Fr. (= Stropharia melasperma Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 14, fig. 7. Kopoavrj, a garland. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., ochraceous tawny, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, 
 smooth ; margin white fioccose. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-10 mm., white, be- 
 coming yellowish with age or when touched, equal, attenuated at the 
 base. Ring white, narrow, median, striate, then violaceous, with the 
 edge white, sinuato-adnate, crowded. Flesh white, firm. Spores purple, 
 elliptical, 9-10 x 5^. Cystidia "on surface of gill clavate, 30-40 x 8- 
 lOju,, on edge of gill filamentous-capitate, 36-45 x 6-10^" Rick. 
 Taste mild. Heaths, and pastures. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 314. S. obturata Fr. (= Stropharia coronilla (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Obturata, stopped up. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., light yellow, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, obso- 
 letely viscid, commonly dry, smooth, often rimosely squamulose. St. 
 2-5-4 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, firm, attenuated downwards, smooth. 
 Ring ivhite, superior, deflexed. Gills white, then purple umber, adnate, 
 plane, crowded. Flesh shining white, thick, compact. Spores purple 
 brown, 7-9 x 4-6ju,. Pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 315. S. melasperma (Bull.) Quel. non Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 61. 
 
 fMe\a<;, black; (nreppa, seed. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., whitish, disc straw coloured, fleshy, convex, then plane 
 and somewhat depressed, soft, smooth, slightly viscid, soon dry, often 
 broken up into patches. St. 46 cm. x 6-7 mm., white, subequal, 
 silky fibrillose, becoming smooth, apex striate. Ring white, adnate 
 to the st., striately sulcate to the middle on the upper-side, smooth on 
 the under-side, fugacious. Gills whitish, then violaceous cinereous, at 
 length becoming blackish cinereous, sinuato-adnate, ventricose, crowded. 
 Flesh of p. white, at length becoming somewhat straw colour in the st. 
 Spores fuscous, 9-10 x 6/>t. Heaths, pastures, and woods. Aug. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lutescens Boud. Cke. Illus. no. 558, t. 535, as Stropharia coronilla 
 Bull. sec. Boud. Lutescens, becoming yellow. 
 
 Differs from the type in the yellow p.
 
 128 STROPHABIA 
 
 316. S. squamosa (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 560, t. 553. 
 
 Squamosa, scaly. 
 
 P. 2-7-5 cm., brownish when moist, then becoming ochraceous, disc 
 tawny, fleshy, hemispherical, then flattened, more frequently obtuse, 
 or gibbous with an obsolete umbo, viscoso-pelliculose when moist, not 
 viscid when dry, sprinkled with superficial, fugacious, piloso-fasciculate, 
 concentric scales. St. 6-12-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, becoming ferru- 
 ginous at the base, equal, tough, pulverulent above the ring, either 
 squarrose withfibrillose reftexed scales, or covered over with dense, strigose 
 down below the ring. Ring pallid, membranaceous, thin, distant. Gills 
 cinereous, then blackish, edge white, adnate, ventricose, 10-12 mm. 
 broad. Flesh pallid, often reddish when moist, thin, watery. Spores 
 brownish purple, broadly elliptical, often depressed on one side, 14- 
 15 x 7-8 /i, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia "on edge of gill, fila- 
 mentous-clavate, 50-70 x 4-7 /A " Rick. In troops. Woods and 
 heaths. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. aurantiaca Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 562, t. 555, as Stropharia thrausta 
 Kalchbr. var. aurantiaca. Aurantiaca, orange. 
 
 Differs from the type in the orange, or brick-red p. Woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. thrausta (Kalchbr.) Cke. (= Stropharia luteo-nitens (Fl. Dan.) 
 Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 15, fig. 2. 6pavw, I break. 
 
 Differs from the type in being more slender, and in the p. being soon 
 denuded of its scales. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 317. S. Worthingtonii Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 563, t. 556. 
 
 Worthington G-. Smith, the eminent mycologist. 
 P. 2-3 cm., yellow, fleshy, campanulate, smooth, viscid?. St. 4 
 7 cm. x 1-2 mm., dark blue, flexuose, smooth. Ring incomplete, dis- 
 tant. Gills brown cinnamon, adnate, broad. Flesh of p. pale sulphur 
 yellow, pale bright blue in the St., thin. Spores brown, elliptical, 
 7 x 4/Li. Pastures and woods. Nov. Dec. Uncommon. 
 
 **Growing on dung. Ring often incomplete. 
 
 318. 8. luteo-nitens (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Luteus, yellow; nitens, shining. 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., yellow, fleshy, conico-hemispherical, umbonate, smooth, 
 
 covered with pallid, superficial, fugacious squamules towards the margin, 
 viscid when moist, shining when dry. St. 5 cm. x 4 mm., pallid, equal, 
 somewhat firm, minutely silky fibrillose, apex pruinose. Ring white, 
 distant, membranaceous, entire, spreading. Gills cinereous, becoming 
 blackish, subadnate, truly ventricose, broad, plane. Flesh white, thin. 
 Spores "at first violet, then olive yellow under the microscope, elliptical,
 
 STROPHARIA 129 
 
 15-19 x 9-1 1/i. Cystidia only on the edge of the gill filamentous- 
 capitate, 25-27 x 3-6 fj," Rick. On dung in pastures. Sept. Un- 
 common. 
 
 319. S. merdaria Fr. (= Psilocybe merdaria (Fr.) Rick.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 565, t. 537. Merdaria, of dung. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., somewhat cinnamon when moist, then yellow, and at 
 length ochraceous, fleshy, obtusely campanulate, then convexo-plane, 
 gibbous, smooth, pelliculose, moist, hygrophanous, slightly viscid; mar- 
 gin thin, deflexed, even, at length somewhat striate. St. 57*5 cm. 
 x 4-6 mm., straw white, tough, equal, subflexuose, stuffed with a pith, 
 flocculosely villous, and slightly silky, dry, apex striate, base white 
 villous. Ring concolorous, incomplete, torn, for the most part com- 
 monly adhering to the margin of the p. Gills pallid, somewhat isabelline, 
 at length brown fuscous, adnato-decurrent, plane, 6 mm. broad, very 
 broad behind, somewhat crowded, soft, edge white. Flesh whitish, 
 thick at the disc, sometimes fuscous in the st. when old. Spores black 
 fuscous, broadly elliptical, 13-15 x 8-9 /A, with a large central gutta, 
 and flattened germ-pore. Cystidia "on edge of gill cylindrical-fila- 
 mentous, 25-30 x 3-5 jit" Rick. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. On 
 horse dung. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. major Fr. (= Stropharia ventricosa Massee.) Fr. Icon. t. 130, 
 fig. 3. Major, larger. 
 
 Differs from the type in its much larger size and in the ventricose, 
 rooting st. On horse dung. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 320. S. stercoraria Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 566, t. 538. 
 
 Stercoraria, of dung. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., yellow, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, 
 orbicular, pelliculoso-viscid, smooth; margin sometimes striate. St. 
 7-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellow, equal, stuffed with a separable, fibrous 
 pith, clothed below the ring with the viscid flocculose veil so that it 
 appears as if smooth. Ring viscid, distant, thin, narrow, spreading, 
 floccose. Gills white, then umber fuscous, or olivaceous fuscous, adnate, 
 4-8 mm. broad, very broad behind, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, 
 thin at the margin. Spores fuscous purple, oblong elliptical, 18- 
 20 x 8-lOju,, with a flattened germ-pore. Cystidia "lanceolate, 50- 
 70 x 12-18/x " Rick. Quelet says that the st. often rises from a 
 sclerotium. Dry dung. Pastures. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 321. S. semiglobata (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 567, t. 539. 
 
 Semiglobata, hemispherical. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., light yellow, fleshy, hemispherical, very obtuse, smooth, 
 viscid. St. 6-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., becoming yellow, apex paler, equal, 
 tense and straight, smooth, smeared with the glutinous veil. Ring viscid,
 
 130 STROPHARIA 
 
 incomplete, distant, thin. Gills clouded with black, adnate, very broad, 
 8-10 mm., plane. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores fuscous purple, ellip- 
 tical, 15-17 x 9-10/A. Cystidia only on edge of gill, filamentous, apex 
 obtuse, 5-6/i in diam., base ventricose, 50-60 x 7-1 1/i. On dung, 
 especially horse. Woods, and pastures. April Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 B. P. without a pellicle, but innato-fibrillose, not viscid. 
 
 322. S. caput-Medusae Fr. (= Hypholoma caput-Medusae (Fr.) Rick.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 568, t. 540. 
 
 Caput, head; Medusa, a monster with snakes instead of hair. 
 P. 3-7-5 cm., disc umber, paler, somewhat tan colour towards the 
 margin, fleshy, ovate, then convexo-expanded, obtuse, or obtusely 
 umbonate, dry, when young very densely, scaly-squarrose with the fuscous 
 veil, soon becoming smooth especially at the disc, which becomes 
 rimosely warty, or granulose; margin thin, splitting. St. 5-12 x 1- 
 1-5 cm., whitish, equally attenuated upwards, somewhat fragile, 
 covered below the ring with fuscous, crowded, imbricate, squarrose scales, 
 white mealy above. Ring white, superior, membranaceous, pendulous, 
 margin very much swollen, floccose, fuscous. Gills clay white, then pale 
 umber, fuscous spotted in appearance, adnate, ventricose, lanceolate, 
 or semiovate, 4-6 mm. broad, not very crowded, fragile. Flesh pallid, 
 thick at the disc. Spores fuscous purple, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 4/z, 
 1-guttulate. Cystidia " vesiculose-flask-shaped, 45-60 x 12-20 p, 
 rounded above" Rick. Subcaespitose, or fasciculate. On and near 
 pine stumps. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 323. S. scobinacea Fr. (= Stropharia versicolor (With.) Quel., Hypho- 
 
 loma scobinacea (Fr.) Rick.) Cke. Illus. no. 1179, t. 1189. 
 
 Scobinacea, powdered. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., fuscous, disc livid, becoming yellow, circumference grey- 
 violaceous, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, gibbous, slightly sul- 
 cate, covered with crowded, adpressed, separating, fugacious, blackish 
 squamules. St. 6-9 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, attenuated from the 
 thickened base, fragile, fibrillose, apex mealy. Ring white, superior, 
 fugacious. Gills whitish flesh colour, then purple, adnate, crowded, 
 crenulated. Flesh whitish, pinkish when exposed to the air, thin. 
 Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 7-8 x 3/u,. Caespitose. On and 
 near stumps, especially ash. April Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 S. cotonea Quel. = Hypholoma lacrymabundum Fr. 
 
 324. S. Battarrae Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 22, fig. 4, as Stropharia 
 aculeata Quel. 
 
 J. A. Battarra, author of Fungorum Agri Ariminensis Historia. 
 
 P. 57 cm., whitish, grey, fuscous, or olivaceous, fleshy, hemispherical, 
 
 then plane, obtuse, covered with darker, adpressed, fibrillose scales,
 
 STROPHARIA 131 
 
 which are erect on the disc; margin appendiculate with the partial veil. 
 St. 2-5-5 cm. x 5-6 mm., whitish, incurved, thickened at the base, 
 covered below the ring with imbricate, erect, fibrillose, fuscous, or olivace- 
 ous scales, which often become rufescent, apex proinose. Ring white, 
 membranaceous, thin, fugacious. Gills white, then rosy, and at length 
 fuscous, sinuato-adnate, crowded, edge white. Flesh white, thin, 
 fragile. Spores "brownish purple, elliptical, lOju," Quel. Poplars, 
 and poplar stumps. Rare. 
 
 325. S. Jerdonii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 569, t. 541. A. Jerdon. 
 P. 45 cm., ochraceous, brown when dry, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, 
 
 with a broad umbo, minutely rivulose, adorned with superficial, fuga- 
 cious, white scales; cuticle not peeling off. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., 
 snow white, cylindrical, apex pulverulent, brownish with silky trans- 
 verse scales below. Ring superior, deflexed. Gills pallid, then brown, 
 adnate, sending a line down the st. but not truly decurrent, trans- 
 versely striate. Flesh white, brownish towards the base of the st., thick 
 at the disc. Spores dark brown, " 10 x 5/>t" Massee. Caespitose. Fir 
 stumps. Sept. Nov. Rare. 
 
 326. S. spintrigera Fr. (= Hypholoma appendiculatum Bull. sec. 
 
 Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 132, fig. 1. 
 
 Spinther, a bracelet; gero, I wear. 
 
 P. 210 cm., brownish, or pinkish tan, becoming pale, fleshy, fragile, 
 ovate, then expanded, smooth, soft. St. 5-15 cm. x 4-10 mm., 
 shining white, equal, or slightly ventricose, base often subbulbous, 
 floccosely squamose, or fibrillose, apex naked. Ring white, very distant, 
 thin, fugacious. Gills brownish fuscous, adnate, linear, 2-8 mm. wide, 
 joined behind, subdeliquescent. Flesh white, thin, almost none at the 
 margin. Spores fuscous cinereous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/u,. Caespitose. 
 On trunks and stumps. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 327. S. punctulata (Kalchbr.) Fr. (= Flammula gummosa (Lasch) 
 Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. 1. 14, fig. 2, as Pholiota punctulata 
 Kalchbr. Punctulata, minutely dotted. 
 
 P. 2-5-3 cm., pallid, tinged slightly yellowish or fuscous, fleshy, con- 
 vex, obtuse, disc somewhat depressed, dry, minutely squamulosely 
 punctate from the veil, at length smooth; margin involute. St. 2-5- 
 5cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, equal, or bulbous at the base, clothed below 
 the ring with fibrillose, punctiform squamules, smooth above. Ring 
 superior, or subapical, thin, formed of the fibrils of the veil brought 
 together in a zone, fugacious. Gills pallid, then pale umber, sinuato- 
 adnate, decurrent with a tooth, 46 mm. broad. Flesh becoming pale 
 fuscous, tawny at the base of the st., thin. Spores fuscous. On buried 
 chips. Sept. Oct. Rare.
 
 132 STROPHARIA. CORTINABIUS 
 
 328. S. hypsipus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 132, fig. 2. vtyl-Trovs, high-footed. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., livid fuscous when moist, pallid tan when dry, somewhat 
 fleshy, campanulate, then convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, hygrophan- 
 ous', margin somewhat striate when moist. St. 715 cm. x 4-8 mm., 
 white, fragile, equal, smooth. Ring white, membranaceous, median, 
 distant, persistent. Gills white, then fuscous, adnate, at length sepa- 
 rating, subdistant. Flesh white, very thin. Spores "brown, elliptical, 
 12-14 x 6-7 fj," Massee. Damp places amongst grass, sometimes on 
 twigs. Oct. Rare. 
 
 329. S. cothurnata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 132, fig. 3. 
 
 KoBopvos, a high hunting boot. 
 
 P. 12-5 cm., white, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, obtuse, 
 smooth, silky smooth under a lens. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, 
 equal, sof t, fioccosely villose below the ring, smooth above. Ring white, 
 median, narrow. Gills white, becoming fuscous, adnexed, ventricose, 
 crowded. Flesh watery white, thin at the disc. Shady fir woods. 
 Rare. 
 
 S. lacrimabunda (Bull.) Quel. = Hypholoma velutinum (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 S. pyrotricha (Holmsk.) Quel. = Hypholoma pyrotrichum (Holmsk.) 
 Fr. 
 
 **With an arachnoid or filamentous general veil. 
 
 1. Veil forming an arachnoid, fugacious ring on the stem. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. 
 
 Cortinarius FT. 
 
 (Cortina, a veil.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Veil arachnoid, distinct from the pellicle of 
 the pileus, viscid, or dry. Stem central. Gills adnate, sinuate, sinu- 
 ato-adnate, or decurrent, pulverulent with the spores at maturity. 
 Spores ochraceous, citron yellow, golden, clay colour, cinnamon, 
 ferruginous, tawny, or fuscous; oval, elliptical, pip-shaped, oblong 
 elliptical, almond-shaped, or fusiform; smooth, verrucose, granular, 
 aculeolate, or echinulate, continuous. Cystidia none on the surface 
 of the gills (except 333), rarely on the edge. Growing on the ground, 
 solitary, caespitose, or subcaespitose. 
 
 1. Phlegmacinm Fr. 
 
 (<j>\eyna, phlegm.) 
 Veil viscid on the pileus, arachnoid, dry on the stem.
 
 CORTINARIUS 133 
 
 I. Partial veil superior, pendulous from the apex of the 
 clavate, or subequal stem as an imperfect ring. 
 
 *Gills pallid, then clay colour. 
 
 330. C. (Phleg.) triumphans Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 682, t. 692. 
 
 Triumphans, triumphal. 
 
 P. 6-12 cm., yellow with a tinge of brown or ochraceous when moist, 
 yellow when dry, disc sometimes variegated with minute, adpressed, 
 spot-like scales, margin brighter coloured, fleshy, convexo-plane, ob- 
 tuse. St. 6-17 x 1-2-5 cm., yellowish white, adorned with tawny scales 
 arranged in many circles, or rings, firm, attenuated upwards from the 
 ovato-bulbous base, striate; partial veil superior, woven, somewhat 
 ringed. Gills whitish, or inclining to very pale bluish grey, then clay 
 colour, and somewhat cinnamon, emarginate, crowded, 6 mm. broad; 
 edge toothed, white. Flesh whitish. Spores brown, punctate, elliptical, 
 9-10 x 4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Woods, heaths, and commons, 
 generally under birches. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 331. C. (Phleg.) claricolor Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 141, fig. 2. 
 
 Clarus, bright; color, colour. 
 
 P. 7-12 cm., yellow, fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed, veiled 
 with superficial, silky-pruinose, villose down, at first everywhere, soon 
 only round the margin, then smooth, and for the most part broken up 
 into scales. St. 7-9 x 1-5-2 cm., white, or yellow, hard, clothed up to 
 the superior cortina with fugacious, white, scaly flocci, or lax down, 
 either short and bulbous, or elongated and conico-attenuated, or 
 cylindrical. Gills whitish, then clay colour, emarginate, almost free, 
 or adnate, crowded, edge toothed. Flesh white, compact. Spores brown, 
 punctate, pip-shaped, 10-11 x 6-7 p. Taste pleasant. Woods, and 
 heaths, under birches and conifers. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 332. C. (Phleg.) turmalis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 684, t. 694. 
 
 Turmalis, belonging to a troop. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., yellow-tan, disc often darker, compact, convex, then 
 plane, very obtuse, when young veiled with pruinate, very fugacious, 
 villose down, soon smooth, sometimes obsoletely piloso-virgate. St. 
 7-15 x 2-5 cm., shining white when dry, very hard, rigid, cylindrical, 
 attenuated at the base, when young sheathed with a fugacious, white, 
 woolly veil. Cortina entirely fibrillose, superior and persistent in the 
 form of a ring, at length ferruginous with the spores. Gills white, then 
 clay colour, adnexed, rounded, or emarginate, even decurrent with a 
 tooth, crowded, serrated. Flesh white, soft. Spores ferruginous, palish 
 fuscous under the microscope, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/z. Densely caespitose. 
 Mixed woods, and especially amongst beech leaves. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon.
 
 134 COBTINARIUS 
 
 333. C. (Phleg.) crassus Fr. (= Hebeloma crassum (Fr.) Eick.) Fr. Icon, 
 t. 142, fig. 1. Crassus, thick. 
 
 P. 6-12 cm., dirty yellow, opaque, very fleshy, convexo-plane, very 
 obtuse, disc depressed, somewhat viscid, the circumference broken up 
 into innate fibrils. St. 5 x 2-5 cm., whitish, either truly bulbous, or 
 stout and equal, fibrillose, apex white-mealy, base often white-tomen- 
 tose. Cortina very delicate, fugacious. Gills pallid-clay colour, then 
 clay colour, rounded behind, crowded, 6 mm. broad. Flesh becoming 
 pallid, pouring out a watery juice when the stem is compressed. 
 Spores "brownish, pale yellow under the microscope, punctate, sub- 
 fusiform, 6-7 x 4ju. Cystidia very abundant, both on the surface 
 and edge of the gill, cylindrical-fusiform, 40-75 x 6-9 /x," Eick. 
 Smell strong. Moist woods, and grassy places. Aug. Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 334. C. (Phleg.) balteatus Fr. (= Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) nemo- 
 rensis Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 142, fig. 2. 
 
 Balteatus, girdled. 
 
 P. 7-10 cm., disc tawny-fuliginous, or date colour, beautiful violet, or 
 lilac near the floccose margin (but this colour often disappears with 
 age, or when the plant is dry), compact, flattened, very obtuse, disc 
 depressed, often unequal, shining when dry, innately floccose, fibrillose, 
 and shining towards the margin. St. 4-6 x 2-5-3 cm., whitish, stout, 
 very compact, equal, or ovately bulbous, minutely velvety, and dingy 
 above the fibrillose, adpressed, rusty veil, longitudinally striate, or 
 reticulate below, but sometimes white tomentose. Gills pallid, then 
 somewhat tan colour, emarginate, or rounded behind, or subde- 
 current, rather crowded. Flesh white, compact. Spores ferruginous, 
 pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4-5/i, multi-guttulate. Mixed woods, and 
 amongst pine needles in pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 335. C. (Phleg.) sebaceus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 103. 
 
 Sebum, tallow. 
 
 P. 512 cm., whitish ochraceous, or deep ochraceous, convex, then 
 campanulate, umbonate disc flattened, at first covered over with a 
 whitish pruinose lustre ; margin appendiculate with the remains of the 
 cortina. St. 7-18 x 1-2-5 cm., concolorous, or paler, stout, compact, 
 often twisted and compressed, fusiform towards the fibrillose base. 
 Cortina white, delicate, fugacious. Gills white, then cinnamon, paler 
 near the margin, emarginate, adnate, connected by veins, 8 mm. wide, 
 not crowded. Flesh white. Spores golden yellow, attenuated at the 
 one end, oblong, 12-15 x 5-6/i,, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. 
 Mixed woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CORTINARIUS 135 
 
 336. C. (Phleg.) lustratus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 688, t. 799. 
 
 Lustratus, purified. 
 
 Entirely whitish. P. 2-5-5 cm., equally fleshy, convex, then ex- 
 panded, very obtuse. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 8-10 mm., equal, rarely attenu- 
 ated at the base, covered with a few fibrils of the white cortina. Gills 
 becoming slightly discoloured, rounded behind, almost free, very 
 crowded, narrow. Flesh white, thick. Spores ochraceous. Amongst 
 grass in sunny places. Oct. Rare. 
 
 **Gills violaceous, or purplish, then cinnamon. 
 
 337. C. (Phleg.) crocolitus Quel. Grevillea, t. 127, fig. 1. 
 
 Kpotcos, saffron; litus, daubed. 
 
 P. 10 cm., bright yellow, disc sprinkled with tender, saffron fiocci, 
 convex. St. 6-10 x 1 cm., white, then citron yellow, fragile, swollen 
 at the base, fibrillose, apex silky, adorned with scales, or woolly zones 
 below the membranaceous, very fragile ring. Cortina white, fugacious. 
 Gills whitish lilac, then nankeen yellow, uncinate, uneven, edge white. 
 Flesh white, then citron yellow, soft. Spores "citron yellow, granular, 
 pruniform, 11-12 x 5-6 p" Bat. Taste becoming bitter. Woods, 
 especially birch. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 338. C. (Phleg.) varius (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 689, t. 698. 
 
 Varius, changeable. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., bright ferruginous-tawny, or yellow tawny, compact, 
 hemispherico-flattened, very obtuse; margin thin, at first incurved, 
 appendiculate with the cortina. St. 48 x 2-3 cm., shining white, 
 compact, adpressedly flocculose, the superior veil pendulous, base 
 bulbous. Cortina white, silky. Gills violaceous-purplish, then ochraceous- 
 cinnamon with the edge violaceous, emarginate, thin, somewhat crowded. 
 Flesh white, firm. Spores ferruginous, warted, broadly elliptical, 
 8-10 x 6-8ju,, often apiculate at one end. Woods. Sept. Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 339. C. (Phleg.) cyanopus (Seer.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 690, t. 699. 
 
 KVCLVOS, dark blue; TTOU?, a foot. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., date-brown-livid, then tan, and opaque, fleshy when un- 
 folded, flattened, obtuse, regular, dry in fine weather. St. 5-10 x 1- 
 2 cm., violaceous, becoming whitish, the apex remaining violaceous, firm, 
 ventricose, base bulbous. Gills intensely violaceous, or pallid bluish- 
 grey, soon becoming cinnamon, adnate, then emarginate, broad, 6- 
 10 mm. wide, not much crowded. Flesh violaceous at the apex of the 
 stem, whitish elsewhere. Spores ferruginous, punctate, pip-shaped, 
 9-10 x 5-6 jLt. Woods and under oaks. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.)
 
 136 CORTINARITTS 
 
 340. C. (Phleg.) variecolor (Pers.) Fr. Varie, diversely; color, colour. 
 
 P. 8-15 cm., date-brown, then fulvous-reddish, disc darker, the tomen- 
 tose margin violet, rarely entirely violet, convex, then expanded, obtuse. 
 St. 5-8 x 2-5-3 cm., white with the apex becoming blue, or blue becoming 
 whitish, hard, stout, base bulbous, diffused upwards into the p., at 
 first villose, then fiocculose. Gills blue, then clay-cinnamon, emarginate, 
 decurrent, somewhat arcuate, thin, 12 mm. wide, margin crenulate. 
 Flesh violaceous, becoming whitish. Spores ferruginous, "almond- 
 shaped, 15-18 x 8-9 /A, warted-rough" Rick. Smell and taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. nemorensis Fr. (= Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) balteatus Fr. sec. 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 692, t. 863. 
 
 Nemorensis, belonging to a wood. 
 
 P. 10-12-5 cm., bay-brown, then yellowish, margin violet, smooth, 
 slightly viscid at first, soon dry, opaque, pilosely rivulose. St. 7-5 x 
 2-5 cm., bluish, becoming white, obclavate, not bulbous, nor villose, apex 
 mealy. Gills rounded, subdecurrent. Flesh white, bluish at the peri- 
 phery. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. (v.v.) 
 
 341. C. (Phleg.) largus Fr. Largus, large. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., sometimes violet when young, date-brown-tawny, fleshy, 
 compact at the disc, thin at the circumference, convexo-flattened, 
 very obtuse, only slightly viscid, adpressedly silky-fibrillose when dry, 
 commonly rivuloso-squamulose, sometimes fibrillose towards the 
 margin. St. 6-13 x 2-3 cm., white, tinted violaceous, equal, often 
 curved and ascending, wholly fibrillose, apex pruinose. Cortina white, 
 silky, thick, superior, pendulous. Gills bluish-grey-clay-colour, then 
 cinnamon, adnate, or emarginate, crowded, 10-14 mm. broad, 
 minutely denticulate. Flesh whitish-bluish-grey, becoming white when 
 exposed to the air, that of the stem sometimes becoming bloody when 
 bruised, wholly fibrous, firm. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 10- 
 11 x 5-6/x, "rough" Rick. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Caes- 
 pitose. Deciduous and pine woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 342. C. (Phleg.) Riederi (Weinm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 694, t. 702. 
 
 M. Rieder, of Petrograd. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., ochraceous, compact, campanulate, then expanded, 
 umbonate, glutinous, shining when dry. St. 5-12-5 cm. x 5-12 mm., 
 white, apex violaceous, or lilac, tawny fibrillose, clavate. Gills lilac, then 
 cinnamon, adnate, rather thick, crowded. Flesh greyish- white, be- 
 coming yellow under the cuticle. Spores ferruginous, "warted, almond- 
 shaped, 15-17 x 8-10/Lt " Rick. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare.
 
 CORTINARIUS 137 
 
 ***Gills yellow, cinnamon, or ferruginous. 
 
 343. C. (Phleg.) percomis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 143, fig. 2. 
 
 Percomis, very friendly. 
 
 P. 5-7 cm., pale yellow, truly fleshy, compact, convex, obtuse. St. 
 6-8 x 1-2 cm., sulphur yellow, compact, firm, fusiform, or davate, 
 fibrillose, apex pruinose. Cortina citron yellow. Gills sulphur yellow, 
 becoming fulvous, broadly emarginate, crowded, 4-6 mm. wide. Flesh 
 sulphur yellow, compact. Spores ferruginous in the mass, broadly 
 elliptical, 12-14 x 8-9 /x, " warted-punctate " Rick. Smell pleasant, 
 "like lavender" Quel, "like toilet vinegar" Peltereau. Taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 344. C. (Phleg.) latus (Pers.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 162. 
 
 Latus, broad. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., tan colour, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then expanded, 
 obtuse, slightly viscid, soon dry, fibrillose, then glabrous. St. 5- 
 7 x 1-5-2 cm., white, equal, base ovately bulbous, rarely emargi- 
 nately bulbous, somewhat squamose, then fibrillose. Cortina white, 
 superior, forming a ring, fugacious. Gills pallid, then clay cinnamon, 
 emarginate, 6 mm. broad, crowded, distantly dentate. Flesh white. 
 Spores ochraceous, punctate, minutely rough, oblong elliptical, 10- 
 13 x 6-7 /i. Taste pleasant. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. Coniferous 
 woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 345. C. (Phleg.) saginus Fr. Saginus, fattened. 
 
 P. 10-12-5 cm., yellow, fleshy, plano-convex, irregular, repand. St. 
 7-5 x 2-5-3 cm., light yellowish, somewhat bulbous, fibrillose, apex 
 naked. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious, not very conspicuous. Gills 
 dingy-pallid, then cinnamon, truly decurrent, 8-10 mm. broad, attenu- 
 ated at both ends, edge eroded. Flesh white, soft. Spores "pale 
 yellow under the microscope, almond-shaped, 10-11 x 6-6-5 /n, 
 warted-punctate" Rick. Gregarious, subcaespitose. Mountainous 
 fir woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 346. C. (Phleg.) russus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 696, t. 751. Russus, red. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., unicolorous, rufous, fleshy, convex, then flattened, ob- 
 tuse, innately fibrillose round the margin. St. 7-5 x 1-5-2 cm., pale 
 white, attenuated upwards, often curved-ascending, soft, adpressedly 
 fibrillose, apex delicately pruinose. Cortina concolorous, very tender, 
 fugacious. Gills rufous-ferruginous, obtusely adnate, 8-10 mm. broad, 
 crowded, connected by veins. Flesh whitish- flesh-colour, violaceous 
 under the cuticle. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-12 x 5-7 /z, " warted- 
 punctate " Rick. Taste bitter, nauseous. Woods. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.)
 
 138 COBTINABITJS 
 
 ****Gills olivaceous. 
 
 347. C. (Phleg.) infractus (Pers.) Fr. (= Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) 
 anfractus Fr. sec, Quelet et Bresadola.) Bres. Fung. Trid. 1. 163. 
 
 Infractus, broken. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., olivaceous-fuliginous, becoming fulvous, fleshy, convex, 
 then plane, streaked, often fuscous zoned near the undulate, broken 
 margin. St. 3-7 x 1-3 cm., concolorous, ovato-clavate, or elongate 
 and bulbous, adpressedly fibrillose, apex often violaceous. Gills oliva- 
 ceous-fuliginous, then umber, crowded, or somewhat distant, broad, 
 undulate, crisped. Flesh yellowish white, somewhat violaceous at the 
 apex of the stem. Spores ferruginous in the mass, somewhat ochraceous 
 under the microscope, subglobose, or broadly elliptical, 6-9 x 4-6 /z,, 
 verrucose. Smell somewhat nauseous. Taste bitter. Woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 348. C. (Phleg.) praestans (Cordier) Sacc. (= Cortinarius (Phlegma- 
 
 cium) anfractus Fr. sec. Berk., Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) 
 Berkeleyi Cke., Cortinarius torvus Fr. sec. Kalchbr. and Quel.) 
 Boud. Icon. t. 116, as Cortinarius torvus Fr. var. Berkeleyi Cke. 
 
 Praestans, pre-eminent. 
 
 P. 7 - 5-20 cm.., fuliginous, or brown, disc darker, often with a tinge of 
 violet at the margin, at first inclosed in a whitish volva which breaks up 
 in patches on the disc, convex, then expanded, shining when dry, very 
 fleshy, sometimes radiately silky, becoming paler and rivulose with age. 
 St. 10-20 x 3-6 cm., white, covered with the general veil, which is at first 
 violaceous, then pale, often remaining appendiculate at the margin of 
 the pileus, finally becoming ochraceous when old, base bulbous. Gills 
 dingy olive, then cinnamon, adnate, slightly emarginate, broad, scarcely 
 distant. Flesh pale ochraceous, darker under the pellicle of the pileus. 
 Spores yellow-brown, fusiform, minutely verrucose, 15-16 x 8-9 /M. 
 Forming large circles in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 II. Bulb depressed, or turbinate, marginate. St. fleshy, fibrous; 
 cortina commonly inferior, arising from the margin of the bulb. 
 P. equally fleshy. Gills somewhat sinuate. 
 
 *Gills whitish, then clay-coloured, or pale cinnamon. 
 
 349. C. (Phleg.) multiformis Fr. (= Cortinarius rapaceus Fr. sec. 
 
 Quel., Cortinarius talus Fr. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 104. 
 
 Multiformis, many shaped. 
 
 P. 47 cm., unicolorous, light yellow, clay yellow, tawny, etc., fleshy, 
 convex, then flattened, very obtuse, at length depressed, very viscid, 
 or somewhat dry, and sprinkled with the universal white veil. St. 
 5-12 x 1-1-5 cm., white, then yellowish, equal, or attenuated upwards,
 
 COBTINARIUS 139 
 
 often adpressedly fibrillose, with a somewhat marginate bulb. Cortina 
 white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills whitish, often tinged with violet, then 
 clay colour, emarginate, free, or with a small decurrent tooth, very 
 thin, crowded, edge serrulate. Flesh white, becoming yellowish at the 
 base of the stem. Spores ochraceous-tawny, verrucose, elliptical, 
 10 x 6/1,. Taste mild. Woods, especially beech. Aug. Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. flavescens (Cke.). Cke. Illus. no. 702, t. 709. 
 
 Flavescens, becoming yellow. 
 Differs from the type in the yellow gills, and yellowish flesh. 
 
 350. C. (Phleg.) napus (Fr.). Cke. Illus. no. 703, t. 710. 
 
 Napus, turnip. 
 
 P. 58 cm.., fuliginous, then date-brown-tawny, fleshy, convexo-plane, 
 obtuse, glutinous, margin abruptly bent inwards. St. 5 x 1-2 cm., 
 white, at length becoming yellow at the base, equal, ascending, firm, 
 inserted in an obconic, acutely and obliquely marginate bulb. Gills 
 whitish-fuliginous, emarginate, somewhat distant, broad, crisped. Flesh 
 white, with a horny line at the base of the gills. Spores brownish, ellip- 
 tical, 10 x 5/Lt. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 351. C. (Phleg.) allutus (Seer.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 704, t. 752. 
 
 Allutus, washed. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., rufescent, fleshy, conical, then convex, finally expanded, 
 and sometimes depressed, margin darker. St. 2-3 cm. x 3-4 mm., 
 white, striate with reddish lines below, equal, apex mealy, viscid, base 
 marginately bulbous. Gills whitish, then rufescent, adnate, rather 
 crowded, edge crenulate. Flesh rufescent, thin. Pine woods. Oct. 
 Rare. 
 
 352. C. (Phleg.) talus Fr. (= Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) multiformis 
 Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 145, fig. 2. Talus, the ankle bone. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm. , of a yellowish dirty colour, becoming pale, margin somewhat 
 olivaceous, yellowish, fleshy, thin, convexo-plane. St. 7'5 cm. x 12mm., 
 pale, equal, cylindrical, base marginato-bulbous. Gills beautiful straw 
 colour, or ochrey-pallid, emarginate, somewhat crowded. Flesh dingy 
 pallid whitish, watery, with hyaline spots, and variegated with a horny 
 line next the gills. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5 /A, 1-2- 
 guttulate. Woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Gills violaceous, dark blue or purplish, at length cinnamon. 
 
 353. C. (Phleg.) glaucopus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 706, t. 712. 
 
 7\au/co9, pale blue; TTOVS, a foot. 
 
 P. 6-12 cm., dingy yellow, tan-tawny, or clay colour, very fleshy, 
 compact, convex, then flattened, somewhat repand, often fioccoso-scaly
 
 140 CORTINABIUS 
 
 and marked with a raised fuscous zone round the split margin. St. 
 6-8 x 12 cm., pale azure-blue, becoming yellowish, firm, fibrillose, 
 striate, base marginately bulbous. Gills azure-blue, then cinnamon, 
 rounded behind, emarginate, crowded, sometimes crisped. Flesh 
 white, or bluish, becoming yellowish. Spores ferruginous, minutely 
 verrucose, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/x, with a hyaline apiculus at 
 the one end. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 354. C. (Phleg.) calochrous (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 707, t. 713. 
 
 Ka\6<:, beautiful; %p&>9, colour. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., tawny, yellow round the margin, compact, convex, then 
 plane, obtuse, guttate, often stained with soil; margin involute, 
 flexuose when expanded. St. 4-6 x 1-5-3 cm., yellowish, firm, equal, 
 fibrillose, marginately bulbous, bulb very depressed. Cortina yellow 
 ("amethyst" Quelet), marginal, fugacious. Gills dark blue-purple, 
 then ferruginous, emarginate, crowded, serrated. Flesh white, firm. 
 Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10-11 x 6-7 /x, minutely punctate. 
 Smell sometimes foetid. Taste mild, sometimes acrid. Pastures, and 
 woods, especially beech. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 355. C. (Phleg.) caerulescens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 709, t. 722. 
 
 Caerulescens, becoming azure. 
 
 P. 5-7 cm., blue-violaceous, becoming tinged with ochre especially on 
 the disc, sometimes entirely yellow ochraceous, convex, then convexo- 
 plane, sometimes finally a little depressed at the disc, fleshy, pellicle 
 separable; margin incurved, pubescent, white, then expanded and vio- 
 laceous. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., blue-violaceous, or violet-amethyst, cylin- 
 drical, conical, fibrillosely silky, then becoming smooth, marginately 
 bulbous, bulb white. Cortina violaceous. General veil fibrillose, viola- 
 ceous, fugacious, little distinct from the cortina. Gills violet-amethyst, or 
 blue-violaceous, becoming rust colour, edge remaining violet for a long 
 time, broadly adnate, deeply emarginate, attenuated in front, rounded 
 behind, wide, somewhat crowded. Flesh pale blue-violaceous, especially 
 in the stem and under the pellicle of the p., becoming whitish, finally 
 tinged with ochre where wounded. Spores ferruginous in the mass, 
 yellow ochraceous under the microscope, elliptical, or somewhat 
 almond-shaped, 12-14 x 7-5/u, or 6-6-5 x 5/z, compressed on the side, 
 verrucose. Taste sweet, or slightly bitter. Woods, especially beech, 
 and fir. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 356. C. (Phleg.) caesiocyaneus Britz. Cke. Illus. no. 708, t. 721, as 
 
 Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) caerulescens Fr. 
 
 Caesius, bluish grey; icvavos, dark blue. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., pale blue-violaceous, more or less washed with yellow 
 ochre at the centre, fleshy, convex, then convexo-plane, more or less
 
 CORTINABIUS 141 
 
 radially streaked with innate fibrils, sometimes marked with loose, 
 white patches, the remains of the volva. St. 5-8 cm. x 12-15 mm., 
 bluish, then becoming pale, and finally whitish, attenuated upwards from 
 the distinctly marginate, bulbous base, fibrillose; bulb white from the 
 first, the margin often forming a ledge, or sheath. Cortina bluish, 
 fugacious. Gills whitish, then bluish white, and finally clay colour and 
 rust colour, narrowly adnate, slightly sinuate, or emarginate, thin, 
 crowded, somewhat narrow. Flesh yellowish, whitish in the bulb, bluish 
 in the stem. Spores ferruginous in the mass, yellowish brown under 
 the microscope, almond-shaped, 10-12-5 x 5-6 /A (" 8-10 x 4-5 /A " 
 Britz.), verrucose. Smell faint, like that of Cortinarius purpurascens. 
 Taste pleasant. Fir woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 357. C. (Phleg.) purpurascens Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 710, t. 723. 
 
 Purpurascens, becoming purple. 
 
 P. 6-15 cm., bay brown, or date brown olivaceous, then tawny olivace- 
 ous, fleshy, convex, obtuse, glutinous, opaque when dry, tiger-spotted, 
 often depressed round the margin which is at first inflexed, then 
 repand, and marked with a raised, violet fuscous zone. St. 5-9 x 1-5 
 3 cm., intensely pallid azure-blue, darker when touched, fibrillose, base 
 bulbous, somewhat marginate. Gills azure-blue-clay, then cinnamon, 
 violaceous purple when bruised, broadly emarginate, 6-12 mm. wide, 
 crowded. Flesh azure-blue. Spores ferruginous, rough, elliptical, 
 9-11 x 5/Ji. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. subpurpurascens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 712, t. 725. 
 
 Subpurpurascens, becoming somewhat purple. 
 Differs from the type in the thinner, somewhat virgate p., becoming 
 pale, in the somewhat equal, bluish white, somewhat marginately bulbous 
 stem only fibrillose at the base, in the pallid, then cinnamon gills be- 
 coming somewhat purplish when rubbed, and in the flesh in young 
 specimens becoming purplish when broken, and finally white. Woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 *** Gills ferruginous, tawny, or yellow. 
 358. C. (Phleg.) dibaphus Fr. Saund. & Sin. t. 10. 
 
 St-/3a(o9, twice dyed. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., purplish, disc yellowish, and at length variegated with 
 lilac, fleshy, convex, then plane, at length depressed, somewhat re- 
 pand. St. 6-9 x 1-3 cm., yellow, shining purplish at the apex, fibril- 
 lose, base marginato-bulbous. Gills purplish-ferruginous, adnate, 
 slightly rounded, somewhat crowded, broad ("margin lilac" Quel.). 
 Flesh white, then yellow, variegated under the pellicle with a violet line. 
 Spores purplish brown, pip-shaped, 12-14 x 7-8/u, verrucose. Smell 
 and taste mild. Beech, and oak woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon,
 
 142 CORTTNARITJS 
 
 var. xanthophyllus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 713, t. 753. 
 
 fai>#o5, yellow; <f>v\\ov, a leaf. 
 
 Differs from the type in the yellow gills. Woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. 
 (*.*) 
 
 359. C. (Phleg.) turbinatus (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 105. 
 
 Turbo, a spinning- top. 
 
 P. 5-13 cm., unicolorous, dingy yellow, or green, becoming pale, 
 hygrophanous, opaque when dry, fleshy, convex, then flattened, 
 obtuse, at length depressed, orbicular, covered with adpressed fibrils 
 which are deeper coloured and somewhat squamulose at the disc. St. 
 57 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, or paler than the p., sometimes tinged 
 with violet at the apex, equal, cylindrical, springing from a globoso- 
 depressed, distinctly marginate, turbinate bulb. Gills pallid light yellow- 
 ish, sometimes tinted with dark purple, then ferruginous, uncinately 
 adnate, thin, crowded, broad. Flesh white, soft. Spores ferruginous, 
 elliptical, 15 x 7-8 p ("8-10 x 5-6/i" Boud.), verrucose. Taste some- 
 what bitter. Beech woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. lutescens Eea. Lutescens, becoming yellow. 
 
 Differs from the type in the bright yellow colour of the flesh. Woods, 
 and pastures. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 360. C. (Phleg.) corrosus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 715, t. 715. 
 
 Corrosus, gnawed to pieces. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., clay colour, becoming ferruginous, then pallid, fleshy, 
 compact, expanded, umbilicate, opaque when dry, rivulose, fiocculose, 
 only fugaciously viscid. St. 2-5-5 x 1-2-5 cm., white, cortinately- 
 fibrillose, equal, base marginately bulbous. Gills somewhat ferruginous 
 from the first, emarginate, or rounded behind, very crowded, narrow, 
 4 mm. wide, edge unequal. Flesh white, rarely zoned with violet. 
 Pine woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 361. C. (Phleg.) fulgens (A. & S.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 106. 
 
 Fulgens, shining. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., orange-tawny, very fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, 
 occasionally punctate as if with drops, at length silky-fibrillose, or 
 squamulose. St. 5-10 x 1-5-2 cm., yellow, paler at the apex, equal, 
 densely fibrillose with the yellow cortina which is viscid in wet weather; 
 base acutely marginately bulbous, then depressed and oblique. Gills 
 bright yellow, then tawny, or ferruginous with the spores, emarginate, 
 6-10 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh white-yellow, compact, 
 then spongy and tan colour. Spores ferruginous, verrucose, pip-shaped, 
 11-12 x 6 p. Smell pleasant, "like fennel" Quel. Woods. Sept. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CORTINARIUS 143 
 
 362. C. (Phleg.) fulmineus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 717, t. 717. 
 
 Fulmineus, pertaining to lightning. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., tawny, almost brown, margin orange, variegated with 
 dense, irregular, agglutinated scales, very fleshy, at first hemispherical, 
 and attached to the bulb, then convex, very viscid; margin involute. 
 St. 25 x 11-5 cm., yellow, white cortinate at the apex, when young 
 inclosed in the bulb, bulb very depressed, marginate, rooting, wider 
 than the young p. Gills golden yellow, at length tawny, rounded, thin, 
 very crowded. Flesh white, often yellow at the circumference or wholly 
 yellowish. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 13-14 x 7-8/A, verrucose. 
 Deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 363. C. (Phleg.) orichalceus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 718, t. 754. 
 
 o/36t'-%a\/co?, copper ore. 
 
 P. 4-13 cm., reddish copper colour, disc darker, often spotted with 
 scales, bluish green towards the margin, convex, then flattened, fleshy; 
 margin incurved, pubescent, or white, then expanded and concolor- 
 ous. St. 5-12 x 1-5-2 cm., pale greenish yellow, more or less covered 
 with the fibrils of the cortina, fibrillosely silky, somewhat cylindrical, 
 base marginately bulbous. Cortina whitish, or very light greenish 
 yellow, then rust colour from the spores. General veil whitish, often 
 becoming reddish copper colour, fibrillose, scarcely distinct from the 
 cortina. Gills yellow tinted greenish, then olive, and finally olive rust 
 colour, slightly adnate, sinuate, or emarginate, attenuated in front, 
 slightly rounded behind, narrow, 4-6 mm. wide, thin. Flesh greenish 
 yellow, then citron yellow under the pellicle of the pileus and in the base 
 of the stem, finally becoming reddish brown in the bulb, with a strong 
 bluish grey horny line at the base of the gills. Spores ferruginous, ellip- 
 tical, or almond-shaped, 10-11 x 6-7 /x, verrucose. Smell strong, "of 
 fennel" Quel. Coniferous woods, and under beeches. Sept. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 364. C. (Phleg.) elegantior Fr. Ekgantior, neater. 
 P. 7-10 cm., tawny, often spotted with drops, fleshy, convex, then 
 
 plane, margin split. St. 5-7 x 2-3 cm., becoming yellowish, stout, 
 fibrillose, base marginately bulbous. Cortina pale. Gills egg-yellow, 
 becoming olivaceous, sinuate, thin, crowded, serrulate. Flesh becoming 
 yellow. "Spores sphaeroideo-ellipsoid, dark or yellowish (under the 
 microscope), 11-14 x 7-8 ju, " Sacc. Woods. Oct. Eare. 
 
 365. C. (Phleg.) testaceus Cke. (= Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus Fr. sec. 
 Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 1188, 1. 1190. Testaceus, brick coloured. 
 
 P. 7-10 cm., brick-red, rather vinous, becoming paler, fleshy, convex, 
 then flattened, umbonate, or depressed. St. 7-9 x 1-5 cm., whitish
 
 144 CORTINABIUS 
 
 above, becoming rufous at the base, attenuated upwards, longitudinally, 
 fibrously striate below; base submarginate, bulbous. Gills dusky 
 cinnamon, adnate, a little emarginate behind, 6-10 mm. wide. Flesh 
 rather flesh-colour, becoming ruddy at apex and base of stem. Spores 
 elliptical, 9-11 x 5-6 /LI, rarely 16 x 8/x, narrowed at each end, 
 verrucose. Woods, amongst leaves. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ****Gills olivaceous. 
 
 366. C. (Phleg.) prasinus (Schaeff.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 107. 
 
 Trpdo-ov, a leek. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., olivaceous, aeruginous, or tawny ferruginous, tiger-spotted 
 as if scaly, convex, then plane and depressed at the centre, adpressedly 
 fibrillose; margin involute. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, equal, or 
 slightly attenuated upwards, fibrillosely silky; base marginately bul- 
 bous. Cortina whitish, or pallid-green. Gills yellow-olivaceous, or 
 somewhat olivaceous, darker and cinereous olivaceous at the base, 
 emarginate, undulate. Flesh dingy white, greenish white in the stem, 
 olivaceous under the pellicle of the p. and at the base of the stem. 
 Spores ferruginous in the mass, ochraceous under the microscope, 
 elliptical, 12-15 x 6-8 /A, verrucose. Smell none, or "of sulphur" 
 Quel. Taste mild. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 367. C. (Phleg.) atrovirens (Kalchbr.) Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 19, fig. 3. 
 
 Ater, black; virens, green. 
 
 P. 510 cm., dark green, or olivaceous green, compact, convex, ob- 
 tuse. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., yellow, firm, equal, fibrillose, except the sub- 
 turbinate, marginate bulb. Gills sulphur colour, then greenish, at length 
 cinnamon, adnate, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh greenish yellow, 
 then darker. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 10 x 6/4" Massee. 
 Mycelium sulphur colour. Pine woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. 
 
 368. C. (Phleg.) scaums Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 721, t. 755. 
 
 with projecting ankles. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., of a peculiar tawny fuliginous colour, more tawny when 
 dry, tiger-spotted, fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed; margin 
 thin, slightly striate when old. St. 6-8 cm. x 8-10 mm., azure-blue, or 
 olivaceous, becoming white and also yellowish when old, attenuated up- 
 wards, fibrillosely striate; base marginately bulbous, the bulb some- 
 times evanescent. Cortina greenish, fibrillose. Gills purplish-olivace- 
 ous, olivaceous, or fuliginous, attenuato-adnexed, rounded, 2-4 mm. 
 broad, thin, very crowded. Flesh watery, thin, soft. Spores ferru- 
 ginous, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 6-7 \L, "punctate-rough" Eick. 
 Taste mild. Woods, and bogs. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CORTINARIUS 145 
 
 369. C. (Phleg.) herpeticus Fr. epTrerov, a creeping thing. 
 P. 3-8 cm., olivaceous, then dirty tan colour, disc becoming pale, fleshy, 
 
 convexo-plane, obtuse, somewhat spotted, slightly viscid. St. 5- 
 8x1 cm., pallid, firm, unequal, somewhat twisted, fibrillose; bulb 
 napiform, marginate. Gills violet-umber, then fuliginous-olive, slightly 
 emarginate, at first crowded, 46 mm. broad. Flesh of the pileus pale 
 violet when young, then becoming dirty white. Spores "nearly almond- 
 shaped, punctate-rough, 7-8 x 4-5 /A" Rick. Woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 III. Cortina simple, thin, fugacious, median, or inferior. St. at the first 
 exserted, somewhat thin, rigid-elastic, externally subcartilaginous, 
 polished, shining. P. thin, often hygrophanous. 
 
 *Gills whitish, then clay coloured, or dirty cinnamon. 
 
 370. C. (Phleg.) cumatilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 146, fig. 2. KVfia, a wave. 
 P. 48 cm., of a very charming violet, or purple violet, fleshy, convex, 
 
 obtuse, often irregular. St. 5-10 x 1-1-5 cm., white, often curved, 
 cortinate only at the apex, the universal veil (which serves as a pellicle 
 of the p.) ruptured at the base, and adnate to it as a separable, agglu- 
 tinated membrane of the same colour as the p. Gills white, then clay 
 colour, attenuato-adnexed, almost free, crowded, narrow, 4-6 mm. 
 broad, with a small decurrent tooth. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, 
 pip-shaped, 9-10 x 4-5//,, verrucose. Taste pleasant. Solitary, or 
 subcaespitose. Fir woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 371. C. (Phleg.) serarius Fr. Serarius, living on whey. 
 P. 7-10 cm., reddish-tan, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or 
 
 broadly gibbous, viscid, opaque, appearing as if pruinately silky 
 when dry. St. 10 x 1 cm., white, equal, entirely fibrillose, and soft, 
 polished, shining. Cortina white, inferior, inconspicuous. Gills white, 
 then clay colour, arcuately-adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, 
 broad. Flesh white, with a hyaline line near the base of the gills. Spores 
 "thin, fusiform, 7-8 x 3 /A, almost smooth" Rick. Mixed woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 372. C. (Phleg.) emollitus Fr. Emollitus, softened. 
 P. 5-8 cm., tawny, then ochraceous yellow, fleshy, globose, then cam- 
 
 panulato-convex, finally plane, or deformed, often fibrillosely virgate, 
 shining when dry; margin incurved, flexuose. St. 4-8 x 1-1-5 cm., 
 white, becoming yellowish, equal, or attenuated downwards, often 
 thickened at the apex, striate, or fibrillose, base sometimes thickened, 
 often compressed, curved, or somewhat twisted. Cortina white, fu- 
 gacious, often appendiculate from the margin of the p. Gills white, 
 then ochraceous, adnate, or emarginate, somewhat distant, 10-12 mm. 
 broad, fragile. Flesh white, very soft. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 
 
 B. B. B. 10
 
 146 CORTINABIUS 
 
 6-7 x 4/u.. Taste very acrid. Often caespitose. Pastures, and woods, 
 especially beech, and oak. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 373. C. (Phleg.) causticus Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxvi, t. 5, figs. 1-4. 
 
 tcava-Tircos, burning. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., ochraceous nankeen yellow, almost hemispherical, then 
 convex, and plane, sometimes slightly umbonate, and finally slightly 
 depressed at the centre, pellicle easily separable, at first covered with 
 the white fibrils of the universal veil, soon white pruinose, silky to- 
 wards the margin, only slightly viscid when young, soon dry and shining ; 
 margin slightly incurved, then straight. St. 5-8 cm. x 3-5 mm., 
 white, straight, or flexuose, firm, elastic, covered with the fibrillose 
 veil, and slightly viscid when young, soon dry, very minutely pruinose 
 at the apex; base equal, or somewhat bulbose, sometimes fusiform 
 and slightly rooting. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills cream colour, then 
 ochraceous rust, broadly adnate, slightly emarginate, diminishing in 
 width towards the margin, slightly crowded. Flesh yellowish when 
 young, becoming whitish when dry. Spores ferruginous in the mass, 
 yellowish brown under the microscope, elliptical, 6-5-7'5 x 4/>i, apicu- 
 late, very minutely verrucose. Smell rather strong. Taste of the 
 cuticle of the pileus very bitter, of the flesh sweet, or very slightly bitter. 
 Pine woods, and under conifers. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 374. C. (Phleg.) crystallinus Fr. Grevillea, t. 107, fig. 3. 
 
 icpvaraXkivos, crystalline. 
 
 P. 1-5-4 cm., shining silvery white towards the margin, disc watery- 
 pallid, becoming altogether shining white when dry, fleshy, convex, then 
 plane, hygrophanous. St. 5-7 cm. x 6-10 mm., whitish, then straw 
 colour, fragile, equal, or attenuated at the base, fibrillose. Gills day 
 colour, emarginate, thin, 6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thin. 
 Spores clay colour, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/n, "7-8 x 4-5 /M, faintly punc- 
 tate" Rick. Taste very acrid. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 375. C. (Phleg.) decoloratus Fr. Cke. Illus. no 726, t. 729. 
 
 Decoloratus, stained. 
 
 P. 4-10 cm., day colour, disc darker, thin, equally fleshy, cam- 
 panulate, then convex, obtuse, soft, soon dry, and fiocculose, corru- 
 gated and stained when old. St. 5-10 cm. x 10-12 mm., silvery, equal, 
 thickened at the base, sometimes attenuated downwards, fibrillose. 
 Cortina white, fibrillose, inferior. Gills whitish, or bluish, then day 
 colour and cinnamon, emarginate, adnate, or decurrent, not much 
 crowded, 6 mm. broad. Flesh white, watery, soft. Spores pale ferru- 
 ginous, pip-shaped, 11-12 x 5-6/i, verrucose. Taste slightly acrid. 
 Woods, especially beech. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CORTINARIUS 147 
 
 **Gills violaceous, purplisli, or flesh coloured. 
 
 376. C. (Phleg.) decolorans (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 727, t. 730. 
 
 Decolorans, discolouring. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., persistently yellow, fleshy, convex, then flattened, some- 
 what gibbous. St. 57 cm. x 6-10 mm., shining white, equal, attenu- 
 ated downwards, or slightly thickened at the base. Cortina white, 
 persistent, median. Gills purplish, then soon cinnamon, sinuato- 
 adnexed, thin, crowded, 6 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin, firm. Spores 
 pale ferruginous, subglobose, 7-8 x 7 ft; "almond-shaped, 10-12 x 5- 
 6/x, warted" Kick. Coniferous woods, and under birches. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 377. C. (Phleg.) porphyropus (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 728, t. 731. 
 
 Trop(f>vpeos, purple; TTOU?, foot. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., livid-light-yellowish, or day colour, fleshy, very thin at 
 the margin, convexo-plane, obtuse, innately streaked. St. 5-10 cm. 
 x 6-10 mm., violaceous-lilac, becoming pale, even whitish, but soon 
 becoming violaceous-lilac when touched, fragile, somewhat bulbous, or 
 rather equally attenuated from the thickened base, sometimes equal. 
 Cortina violaceous-lilac, fibrillose, inferior. Gills purplish, then watery 
 cinnamon, becoming purple again when touched, rounded, or emar- 
 ginate, somewhat crowded, 4-10 mm. broad. Flesh of pileus whitish, 
 soon becoming purple-lilac when broken, of stem purple-lilac becoming 
 whitish. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 10-11 x 6-7 //,, "slightly 
 rough" Eick. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 378. C. (Phleg.) croceo-caeruleus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 729, t. 732. 
 
 Croceus, saffron; caeruleus, azure. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., lilac, or faintly violaceous, fleshy, thin, convex, then 
 plane, obtuse, or gibbous. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, fragile, 
 somewhat equal, or attenuated downwards. Cortina white, fibrillose, 
 fugacious. Gills lilac, then clay-saffron, attenuated, or broadly emar- 
 ginate, with a small, very thin decurrent tooth, somewhat distant. 
 Flesh pallid, lilac under the pellicle, watery. Spores ferruginous, pip- 
 shaped, 6-8 x 4-5 fj,, punctate. Taste "bitter" Pers. Woods, especially 
 under beeches, and hazels. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ***Gills pure ochre, tawny, or ferruginous. 
 
 379. C. (Phleg.) coruscans Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 730, t. 733. 
 
 Coruscans, glittering. 
 
 P. 10 cm., yellow-ochraceous, often spotted tawny, fleshy, soon plane, 
 regular, at length depressed, shining when dry. St. 7-15 x 1 cm., 
 shining white, elastic, equal, apex enlarged, fibrillosely-striate. Cortina 
 
 102 

 
 148 CORTINARIUS 
 
 white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills bright ochraceous, decurrent by a 
 tooth, thin, very narrow, 2-4 mm. wide, very crowded, linear. Flesh 
 white, soft. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 380. C. (Phleg.) papulosus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 731, t. 718. 
 
 Papulosus, having pimples. 
 
 P. 6-9 cm., honey -tan colour, disc ferruginous, or fuscous, and here 
 and there gibbous, fleshy, convex, obtuse, then plane, and at length 
 depressed, the cuticle breaking up into minute, granular, fuscous patches 
 when dry. St. 6-7 x 1-1-5 cm., white, firm, equal, or thickened at the 
 base, densely fibrillose, apex naked. Cortina white, inferior, very 
 fugacious. Gills pallid, soon ochraceous, at length very pale yellow 
 cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, crowded, slightly joined behind, separa- 
 ting from the stem when old, and connected by a spurious collar. 
 Flesh white, thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores "sub- 
 elliptical, 810 x 5 6/z,, very slightly punctate" Rick. Pine woods. 
 Oct. Nov. Rare. 
 
 var. major Fr. Major, larger. 
 
 P. yellowish, ferruginous, margin much paler, glutinous, disc truly 
 granular. St. at length coloured like the gills, attenuated from the base, 
 filamentous from the inferior veil, apex cortinate. Gills slightly 
 sinuate. 
 
 381. C. (Phleg.) vespertinus Fr. Vespertinus, pertaining to evening. 
 P. 7-9 cm., yellowish ochraceous, disc egg-yellow, fleshy, convex, then 
 
 plane, glutinous, wrinkled and folded at the margin. St. 5-7-5 x 1- 
 1-5 cm., shining white, firm, elastic, incrassated at the base, fibrillose. 
 Cortina pallid, inferior, fugacious. Gills bright and intense fulvous- 
 cinnamon, broadly emarginate, very broad, firm, little crowded, 
 shining. Flesh white, firm. Spores "elliptical, 4r-5 x 34/x,, almost 
 smooth" Rick. Deciduous woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 ****Gills olivaceous, fuliginous. 
 
 382. C. (Phleg.) olivascens (Batsch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 147, fig. 2. 
 
 Olivascens, becoming olivaceous. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., somewhat fuliginous, or bistre olivaceous, becoming pale, 
 somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse; margin substriate. St. 7- 
 9x1 cm., silvery, becoming pallid ("whitish lilac, then silvery at the 
 apex, white in the middle and citron yellow at the base" Quel.), attenu- 
 ated upwards, somewhat bulbose, fibrillose, striate. Gills olivaceous, 
 or clay colour, then cinnamon, adnate, emarginate, thin, little crowded. 
 Flesh paler ("violaceous, then reddish" Quel.), thin. Spores "tawny 
 olivaceous, pruniform, 10-12 x 5'5-7/Lt, punctate" Bat. Taste acrid. 
 Damp woods amongst Sphagna. Sept. Rare.
 
 CORTINARIUS 149 
 
 -. Myxaciuni I' r. 
 
 (fjbv^a, mucus.) 
 
 General veil glutinous. Stem viscid. Pileus slightly fleshy. 
 fSt. floccoso-peronate, the flocci at first covered with gluten. 
 
 383. C. (Myx.) arvinaceus Fr. (= Cortinarius (Myxacium) mucosus 
 
 (Bull.) Quel., (Myxacium) alutipes (Lasch) Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. 
 
 Illus. no. 734, t. 739, as Cortinarius (Myxacium) mucosus Fr. 
 
 Arvinaceus, greasy. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., orange-tawny, or reddish tan, fleshy, soft, convex, then 
 soon flattened, at length reflexed and undulating, viscid, glistening 
 when dry; margin slightly striate when in full vigour. St. 10-20 x 1- 
 1-5 cm., white, equal, silky-viscous. Cortina soon fibrillose, fugacious. 
 Gills straw colour, then bright ochraceous, adnato-decurrent, very broad, 
 12-18 mm., somewhat distant, edge crenulate. Spores ochraceous, 
 "fusiform, 15-17 x 8-9 /x, rough" Eick. Beech woods. Oct. Bare. 
 
 384. C. (Myx.) collinitus (Sow.) Fr. (= Cortinarius (Myxacium) muci- 
 fluus Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 735, t. 740, as Cortinarius 
 (Myxacium) mucifluus Fr. Collinitus, besmeared. 
 
 P. 6-11 cm., orange-tawny, fleshy, not compact, convex, with the 
 margin bent inwards, then expanded, obtuse, covered with persistent 
 orange-tawny gluten, shining when dry. St. 7-12 x 1-2-5 cm., violace- 
 ous, white, or yellowish, firm, cylindrical, at length soft, covered with 
 afloccose, glutinous veil, which is commonly broken up into concentric 
 scales, near the apex the gluten is continuous with that of the p. 
 and forms an entirely viscous, fugacious ring. Gills whitish-bluish- 
 grey, or clay colour then cinnamon, adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh 
 whitish, brownish under the cuticle of the p. and at the base of the st. 
 Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 10-11 x 6/x,, rough. Woods. July 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 385. C. (Myx.) mucosus (Bull.) (= Cortinarius (Myxacium) alutipes 
 (Lasch) Fr. and (Myxacium) arvinaceus Fr. sec. Quel.) Boud. 
 Icon. t. 108. Mucosus, full of mucus. 
 
 P. 4-10 cm., chestnut, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then expanded, 
 covered with chestnut gluten, margin paler, striate. St. 5-15 x 2 cm., 
 whitish ochre, or ochraceous, cylindrical, slightly attenuated at the 
 base, fibrillosely tomentose. Cortina white, glutinous. Gills whitish, 
 then cinnamon, adnate. Flesh whitish, tinged with chestnut under the 
 cuticle of the p. and at the base of the st. Spores tawny, verrucose, 
 lemon-shaped, 14-17 x 7-8/x. Pine woods. Aug. Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v,)
 
 150 CORTINARIUS 
 
 386. C. (Myx.) mucifluus Fr. (= Cortinarius (Myxacium) collinitus 
 
 Sow. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 148, fig. 1. 
 
 Mucus, mucus; <f>\va), I boil over. 
 
 P. 3-9 cm., livid-clay, tan when dry, opaque, thin, somewhat fleshy, 
 campanulate, then expanded, at length reflexed and repand, smeared 
 with separating, hyaline gluten; margin membranaceous, striate. St. 
 white, or inclining to azure-Uue, spongy, attenuated downwards, viscid 
 with the floccose-scaly fugacious veil. Gills clay colour, then watery 
 cinnamon, adnate. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, granular, 
 12 x 7fji. Cystidia "on edge of gill, vesiculose, 30-45 x 18-30 /x" 
 Kick. Pine woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 387. C. (Myx.) elatior Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 149, fig. 1. Elatior, taller. 
 P. 6-12 cm., livid-light-yellow when moist, dingy ochraceous when dry, 
 
 sometimes whitish, tan fuscous, date brown, violaceous brown, black, 
 whitish round the margin, or grey with the margin violaceous, slightly 
 fleshy only at the disc, cylindrical, or bullate, then campanulate, 
 afterwards flattened and somewhat reflexed, disc above the stem 
 obtuse, membranaceous and longitudinally plicato-wrinkled at the sides, 
 fragile. St. 718 x 1-5 cm., violaceous, lilac, becoming white, com- 
 monly attenuated at both ends, especially at the base, fibrillosely 
 fioccose. Cortina concolorous, viscid, fugacious. Gills ochraceous, or 
 lilac, then dark brown cinnamon, adnate, broad, connected by veins 
 or wrinkled at the sides. Flesh whitish, or pale yellowish. Spores 
 purplish-ferruginous, almond-shaped, 12-14 x 6/z, verrucose. Cystidia 
 "on edge of gill vesiculose-pyriform, 36-45 x 21-28 ju," Rick. Woods. 
 Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 388. C. (Myx.) grallipes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 738, t. 734. 
 
 Grallae, stilts; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., ferruginous when moist, ochraceous tan when dry, opaque, 
 almost membranaceous with the exception of the prominent, often 
 acutely umbonate disc, campanulate, then flattened, hygrophanous, 
 very viscid when wet. St. 10-15 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellowish tawny, 
 ochraceous when dry, tough, equal, flexuose, fibroso-striate, viscid. 
 Cortina pale, whitish brown, fugacious. Gills clay colour, then ferru- 
 ginous, adnate with a decurrent tooth, 12 mm. broad, attenuated in 
 front, crowded. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, "7-8 x 4 5/x," 
 Herpell. Caespitose. Mixed woods, and under oaks and poplars. 
 Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 389. C. (Myx.) livido-ochraceus Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 739, t. 767. 
 
 Lividus, livid; ochraceus, ochre. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., livid-ochre, somewhat membranaceous, convex, then 
 plane, cuticle thick, subcartilaginous, margin very thin, often with
 
 CORTINARIUS 151 
 
 a few, indistinct fragments of the veil. St. 2-56 cm. x 7-10 mm., 
 beautiful violet, ochraceous at the base, attenuated at both ends, some- 
 what scaly, striate above the fugacious veil. Grills pale, then cinnamon, 
 margin pale, somewhat adnexed, broad in front, moderately distant. 
 Flesh yellowish, livid under the pellicle of the p. Spores ferruginous, 
 elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 /i, rough, 1-guttulate. Taste "like Ag. campes- 
 tris " Berk. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 tfVeil entirely viscid, hence the st. is not floccoso-peronate, but 
 only viscid, acquiring a varnished appearance when dry. 
 
 *Gills whitish, then clay colour. 
 
 390. C. (Myx.) nitidus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1189, t. 1191. 
 
 Nitidus, shining. 
 
 P. 4-12 cm., honey-coloured tan, at length whitish, disc tan colour, 
 fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, or almost obtuse, glutinous, 
 when dry the cuticle often cracked in streaks, and appearing minutely 
 fuscous punctate. St. 5-10 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid white and fibrillose 
 when young, then becoming yellowish and naked, base clavate, often 
 curved, tough, elastic, apex at first white-mealy. Cortina slightly 
 fibrillose, fugacious. Gills whitish, soon clay colour, and finally watery 
 cinnamon, truly decurrent, arcuate at first, crowded, narrow, 4 mm. 
 wide. Flesh white. Spores light brown, "broadly pip-shaped, 10- 
 12 x 8ji" Cke. Subcaespitose. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 **Gills at first violaceous, dark blue, or reddish. 
 
 391. C. (Myx.) salor Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 150, fig. 1. 0-0X09, the high sea. 
 
 P. 4-7 cm., grey, bright violaceous round the infiexed margin, at length 
 of the same colour, obtusely conical, or parabolic, soon campanulate, 
 and at length flattened, with a broad umbo on account of the fleshy 
 disc, thin towards the circumference, thinly viscid, fibrillose towards 
 the margin when dried. St. 4-8 x 1-1 -5 cm., white, covered up to the apex 
 with the azure-blue glutinous veil when young, becoming pale when old, 
 conico-attenuatedfrom the bulbous base, gradually elongated. Gills pale 
 grey, with the edge violaceous, or bluish grey, then grey clay colour, or 
 cinnamon, adnate, distant, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh white, becoming 
 yellow, or faintly azure-blue. Spores ferruginous, "subglobose, 8- 
 9 x 8n, granular" Rick. Woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 392. C. (Myx.) delibutus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 741, t. 743. 
 
 Delibutus, besmeared. 
 
 P. 3-7-5 cm., light yellowish, fleshy, thin, especially towards the 
 margin, convex, then flattened, obtuse, at length somewhat depressed, 
 viscid with hyaline gluten, slightly silky fibrillose when the gluten has
 
 152 CORTINARIUS 
 
 disappeared. St. 5-10 cm. x 6-8 mm., yellowish white, apex snow white, 
 equally attenuated from the slightly bulbose base, or somewhat equal, 
 elastic, viscid up to the white, scanty, fibrillose, fugacious cortins. 
 Gills dark-blue, or violaceous dark-blue, then clay cinnamon, serrulated, 
 pallid or often crisped at the edge, adnate, at length rounded, or slightly 
 emarginate, more or less distant, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh white. Spores 
 pale ochraceous, "subglobose, 7 x 6-7 /LI, granular" Karst. Taste 
 watery, then slightly pungent. Grassy, and damp places. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. elegans Massee. Elegans, neat. 
 
 P. and st. very glabrous, yellow-viscid, shining when dry, only apex 
 of stem white, flesh whitish-yellow, gills paler, more crowded. Grassy 
 banks of streams. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 393. C. (Myx.) fflibatus Fr. Illibatus, unimpaired. 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., yellow, disc darker, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then 
 
 convex, at length plane, subumbonate, pellicle viscid. St. 7'5 cm. 
 x 4 mm., white, commonly with reddish dots upwards, slightly attenu- 
 ated upwards, viscid. Cortina superior, fibrillose, very fugacious. 
 Gills flesh-colour, then clay and cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, arcuate, 
 4 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh white, very thin at the circum- 
 ference. Spores cinnamon, elliptical, "15-16 x 6-7 //,, granular" 
 Massee, "subglobose, 7-9 p, granular" Bat. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 ***Gills at first ochraceous, or cinnamon. 
 
 394. C. (Myx.) stillatitius Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 742, t. 831. 
 
 Stillaticius, dripping. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm., clothed with azure-blue gluten, fuscous-livid when the 
 gluten separates in the form of drops, at length grey-white, slightly 
 fleshy, convex, then plane, subumbonate; margin smooth. St. 5 
 7 cm. x 6-8 mm., sheathed with thick azure-blue gluten which is ex- 
 tended into the cortina, very soft, equally attenuated. Gills dark 
 cinnamon, emarginate, 6 mm. broad. Flesh watery, soft, hygrophan- 
 ous. Spores ferruginous, "subglobose, 8 x 6/x, 1-guttulate" Sacc., 
 "almond-shaped, 13-15 x 7-8 JM, rough. Cystidia on edge of gill, 
 30-40 x 12-20 /LI" Rick. Pastures, and amongst dead leaves. Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 395. C. (Myx.) vibratilis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 743, t. 744. 
 
 Vibratilis, quivering. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., yellow, golden when dry and very shining, fleshy at tlte 
 disc, thin elsewhere, convexo-plane, obtuse, very glutinous. St. 4-6 cm. 
 x 4-8 mm., shining white, conically attenuated, or ventricose, equal and 
 flexuose amongst mosses, fragile, very soft. Cortina glutinous, often 

 
 COBTINARIUS 153 
 
 forming a median ring. Gills pallid, then bright ochraceous cinnamon', 
 rounded, emarginate, or decurrent by a tooth, crowded, thin. Flesh 
 pallid. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x ip, "punctate" Rick. 
 Smell strong, taste very bitter. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 396. C. (Myx.) pluvius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 744, t. 769. Pluvius, rainy. 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., pale yellow-tawny when moist, ochraceous tan and 
 
 opaque when dry, slightly fleshy, somewhat globose, then convex, 
 commonly gibbous, slightly pellucidly striate when more fully grown, 
 hygrophanous, viscid, shining in rainy weather. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., 
 white, then yellow and concolorous, soft, equal, or slightly attenuated 
 upwards, slightly viscid, silky. Cortina white, fibrillose, slightly viscid, 
 soon fugacious. Gills light yellowish, or at the first whitish, then ochrace- 
 ous, adnexed, separating, ventricose, crowded. Flesh pale yellowish, 
 becoming white. Spores deep ochraceous, broadly elliptical, 9-10x7- 
 8/t, 1-guttulate. Taste watery, then acrid and pungent. Woods, 
 especially pine. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 3. Inoloma Fr. 
 
 (i9, fibre; \w/j,a, fringe.) 
 
 Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first fioccose, fibrillose, velvety, pubescent, 
 or silky, then becoming somewhat smooth. Veil simple. 
 
 *Gills at first white, or pallid. 
 
 397. C. (Ino.) opiums Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 151, fig. 1. Opimus, plump. 
 P- 7-10 cm., tan colour, fleshy, very thick, very hard, convex, then 
 
 plane, deformed, repand, everywhere covered with short tan coloured 
 tomentum, then rimoso-rivulose ; margin involute, pruinose, white, 
 often split. St. 2-5-5 x 2-5 cm., whitish, covered with the white fibrils 
 of the veil, attenuated at the base and rooting. Gills whitish, then clay 
 colour, emarginate, much narrower than the flesh of the p., somewhat 
 crowded, flexuose. Flesh whitish, firm. Spores ochraceous, "sub- 
 globose, 8-9 x 7-8 /A, warted" Rick. Smell and taste pleasant. 
 Woods, especially conifers. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. fulvobrunneus Fr. Fulvus, tawny; brunneus, brown. 
 
 P. tawny brown, undulated, thinner (margin thin), glabrous, rimoso- 
 rivulose. St. 3-5 x 2-5 cm., attenuated downwards, fibrillosely striate. 
 Gills very broad. 
 
 398. C. (Ino.) argutus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 151, fig. 2. Argutus, pointed. 
 P. 7-10 cm., clay ochraceous, or deep ochraceous, fleshy, broadly 
 
 conico-campanulate, soon convex, somewhat gibbous, at length plane,
 
 154 CORTINARIUS 
 
 obtuse, fibrillosely silky, here and there minutely squamulose, becoming 
 smooth with age, rather rimose, opaque. St. 6-10 x 2-3 cm., white, 
 floccoso-squamulose, becoming smooth and yellowish, ovately bulbous, 
 or ventricose at the base, often curved and prolonged below the 
 bulb into a pointed root. Veil white, superior, simple, forming a ring 
 when young, rarely noticeable when mature. Gills white, then clay 
 colour, adnate, somewhat distant. Flesh very hard, white ("becoming 
 red on exposure to the air " Quel.). Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 
 7 8x4/i, verrucose, "almond-shaped, 13-15x8-9 p, coarsely warted " 
 Eick. Deciduous woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 399. C. (Ino.) turgidus Fr. Grevillea, t. 109, fig. 1. 
 
 Turgidus, swollen. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., clay colour, silvery-shining when full grown, very fleshy, 
 compact, convex, then plane, very obtuse, hoary, rarely sprinkled with 
 shining atoms; margin silky and white when young. St. 4-6 x 2 cm., 
 silvery white, stout, bulbous base much swollen, externally cartilaginous, 
 elastic, longitudinally fibrillose under a lens, and split up into sub- 
 reticulate cracks, often undulate. Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. 
 Gills whitish, then clay colour, emarginate, crowded, 4 mm. broad, 
 denticulate. Flesh whitish, tough. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 
 7-9 x 4-5-6/x, 1-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 400. C. (Ino.) argentatus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 745, t. 745. 
 
 Argentatus, silvered. 
 
 P. 4-10 cm., silvery-shining, disc becoming pale, at first silky-lilac 
 round the margin, then dun-coloured, fleshy, convexo-plane, at length 
 broadly gibbous, silky. St. 8-10 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, attenuated 
 from the thickened base. Gills pallid, then watery cinnamon, emar- 
 ginate, crowded; edge slightly serrated, white. Flesh whitish, often 
 with a bluish tinge. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/A, punc- 
 tate. Smell and taste pleasant. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. pinetorum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 746, t. 746. 
 
 Pinetorum, of pine woods. 
 
 Smaller. P. 5 cm., at first lilac and silky. St. 5 cm. Smell weak. 
 Pine woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 401. C. (Ino.) fusco-tinctus Eea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. v, t. 8. 
 
 Fuscus, dark; tinctus, stained. 
 
 P. 26 cm., pale ochraceous, becoming blood red immediately in places 
 where touched, then fuscous especially around the margin, fleshy, con- 
 vex, subgibbose, fibrillosely silky, disc floccosely squamulose under a
 
 CORTINARIUS 155 
 
 lens; margin at first involute, arachnoid with the veil. St. 6-10 cm. 
 x 510 mm., concolorous, becoming reddish when touched, and soon 
 fuscous, fusiform, often incurved at the base, solid, firm, apex minutely 
 white pruinose. Cortina white, manifest, median, at length fugacious. 
 Gills clay colour, then pale cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, attenuated in 
 front, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded; edge white, unequal. Flesh white, 
 unchangeable, compact, firm, with a grey horn colour line at the base 
 of the gills. Spores ferruginous in the mass, pale ferruginous under 
 the microscope, elliptical, 9-10 x 5/*, contents granular. Smell and 
 taste none. The change of colour is present only in the cuticle of the 
 p., and st. Oak woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Gills, as well as the st. and veil, violaceous. 
 
 402. C. (too.) violaceus (Linn.) Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 58. 
 
 Violaceus, violet. 
 
 P. 7-15 cm., dark violaceous, sometimes purplish-violet, fleshy, con- 
 vex, then flattened, regular, obtuse, villous, the innate persistent villous 
 down for the most part rimoso-squamulose; margin at first involute. 
 St. 6-10 x 1-5-2 cm., dark violaceous, stout, remarkably bulbous, at 
 first tomentose, then fibrillose. Cortina azure-blue, woolly, then ferru- 
 ginous with the spores. Gills dark, almost black violaceous, then 
 coloured ferruginous with the spores and again violaceous when these 
 are rubbed off, somewhat adnate, firm, distant, connected by veins, 
 broader than the flesh of the pileus. Flesh blue, becoming white. 
 Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 11-13 x 7-8 /i, verrucose. Taste 
 pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially under birch, and beech. Aug. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 403. C. (Ino.) cyanites Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 152, fig. 1. tcvavos, dark blue. 
 P. 6-13 cm., dark blue, becoming azure-blue, or livid-fuscous, fleshy, 
 
 soft, convex, then flattened, obtuse, silky. St. 7-13 x 1-2 cm., con- 
 colorous, very bulbous, fibrillose. Cortina azure-blue, fibrillose. Gills 
 deep dark blue, adnate, sinuate, crowded, thin, 6 mm. broad. Flesh 
 blue, reddening on exposure to the air, and when compressed giving out 
 a red juice. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5 jit, "warted" 
 Rick. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 var. major Fr. Major, larger. 
 
 Differs from the type in the compact stem, in the p. tardily becoming 
 
 reddish, and in the somewhat distant, cinereous dark 
 
 404. C. (Ino.) muricinus Fr. 
 
 Murex, a mollusc from which the Tyrian purple was obtained. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., violaceous, becoming reddish, fleshy, compact, convex, 
 
 then plane, very obtuse, becoming smooth; margin fibrillose. St.
 
 156 CORTINARITJS 
 
 3-10 x 1-5-2-5 cm., becoming violaceous, attenuated upwards from 
 the bulbous base, villous. Gills purplish violet, at length reddish liver 
 colour, emarginate, 12 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh paler, 
 becoming bluish near the gills, spongy. Spores ferruginous, "almond- 
 shaped, 13-15 x 7-8 /x, warted " Eick. Smell strong, peculiar. Fir, 
 and larch woods. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 405. C. (Ino.) alboviolaceus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 151, fig. 3. 
 
 Albus, white; violaceus, violet. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., whitish violet, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, or 
 rather gibbous, dry, beautifully innately silky, the fibrils longitudinally 
 adpressed as in Inocybe geophylla. St. 5-10 x 1-2-5 cm., concolorous, 
 becoming whitish, firm, clavato-bulbous, or conico-attenuated, white 
 villous, fibrillose above with the cortina, and often zoned with the 
 white veil at the middle. Gills greyish lilac, then grey-cinnamon, ad- 
 nate, scarcely emarginate, 4-5 mm. broad, subdistant, subserrulate. 
 Flesh azure blue white, juicy, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, 
 oblong elliptical, 9-12 x 5-6/i, punctate. Woods, especially beech. 
 Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 406. C. (Ino.) malachius Fr. fiaXd^t], a mallow. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., pale lilac, then fuscous ferruginous, pale brick colour 
 when dry, very fleshy, compact, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or 
 slightly gibbous, hoary with minute, fasciculate down, or silky towards 
 the margin. St. 7-12 x 2-5 cm., bluish lilac, becoming whitish, bulbous 
 base slightly marginate, ventricose, or equal, often deformed, striate 
 with violaceous fibrils, very rarely having a white membranaceous 
 ring. Cortina violaceous, thin. Gills purple, becoming pale, at length 
 watery ferruginous, emarginate, crowded. Flesh violaceous, becoming 
 white, thick, watery, soft in the st. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 
 "10-12 x 6-7 jLt" Cke., "punctate" Rick. Pine, and fir woods. Sept. 
 Rare. 
 
 407. C. (Ino.) camphoratus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 152, fig. 2. 
 
 Camphoratus, strong scented. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., lilac, becoming whitish, or yellowish, very fleshy, convex, 
 then flattened, obtuse, silky, becoming smooth. St. 7-13 x 1-2-5 cm., 
 bulbous, or obclavate, peronately woolly when young. Cortina blue, 
 fibrillose. Gills intense azure blue, becoming purple, decurrent, or 
 emarginate, arcuate, thin, crowded. Flesh blue, white at the base of 
 the stem, thick. Spores ferruginous, "somewhat almond shape, 12- 
 14 x 7-8 n, granular" Cke. Smell foetid, exceedingly penetrating, 
 like fenugreek, or curry-powder. Woods, especially pine. Sept. 
 Rare.
 
 CORTINARIUS 157 
 
 408. C. (Ino.) hircinus (Bolt.) Fr. (= Cortinarius amethystinus 
 (Schaefl.) Quel.) Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 52. Hircinus, of a goat. 
 
 P. 4-5 cm., violet, disc at length becoming ferruginous, fleshy, convex, 
 obtusely gibbous, silky with adpressed, violet fibrils. St. 4-5 x 1-5 cm., 
 violet, becoming pallid, yellowish at the bulbous base, cortinate. Gills 
 violet, then cinnamon, emarginate, broad, thin, subdistant. Flesh 
 dingy, becoming yellowish especially at the base of the st., thick. Spores 
 ferruginous, "8-5-10 x 4-5-5-5/z, minutely verrucose" Maire. Smell 
 strong like goats, or burnt horn. Pine woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 ***Gills or veil cinnamon, red, or ochraceous. 
 
 409. C. (Ino.) traganus Fr. (= Cortinarius amethystinus (SchaefL) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 752, t. 757. rpdyos, a goat. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., lilac purplish, becoming pale and finally yellowish, very 
 fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, dry, silky, becoming smooth. 
 St. 7-12 x 1-2-5 cm., violaceous, then whitish, spongy, attenuated up- 
 wards, base villous, very bulbous, silky, then fibrillose. Cortina pallid 
 violaceous, continuous with the silky covering of the p. Gills saffron- 
 ochraceous, then cinnamon, emarginate, very broad, thick, distant, edge 
 often somewhat crenate. Flesh yellowish, thick, deep saffron-ochraceous 
 in the spongy st. Spores bright ferruginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 p, 
 verrucose, 1-guttulate. Smell foetid like goats, or the larvae of Cossus. 
 Pine woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. finitimus Weinm. Finitimus, nearly related. 
 
 Differs from the type in the yellowish mottled flesh of the st., and the 
 pleasant smell, like gum just beginning to ferment, or like camphor. 
 
 410. C. (Ino.) sufflus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 152, fig. 3. 
 
 Suillus, pertaining to swine. 
 
 P. 710 cm., dingy, or pallid brick-red, fleshy, convex, obtuse, at 
 length floccosely squamulose, silky towards the margin. St. 7-10 x 1- 
 2-5 cm., dingy pallid, clavato-bulbous, attenuated upwards, darker 
 when touched, fibrillose, apex pale violaceous, fugacious, base white- 
 woolly. Gills cinnamon, opaque, adnate, 10-12 mm. broad, subdis- 
 tant, fragile, often veined at the base. Flesh dirty pale brick colour, 
 especially in the st., thick at the disc, thin elsewhere. Spores "ellipsoid, 
 obtuse at the ends, 10-12 x 6-8 fj," Sacc. Fir, and pine woods. 
 Sept. Nov. Rare. 
 
 411. C. (Ino.) tophaceus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 153, fig. 1. Tophus, tufa. 
 P. 7-10 cm., golden tawny, opaque, fleshy, hemispherical, villosely 
 
 squamulose, varying slightly silky, and shining. St. 5-10 x 1-5-2 cm., 
 tawny, slightly attenuated upwards from the bulbous base, villosely 
 squamulose, often twisted. Gills concolorous, then tawny cinnamon,
 
 158 CORTINARIUS 
 
 broadly emarginate, 12-15 mm. broad, distant. Flesh white, compact 
 at the disc, thin at the margin, soft. Spores "roundish, 8-9 x 7 /LI, 
 punctate" Eick. Subcaespitose, or solitary. Beech woods. Aug. 
 Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. redimitus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 754, t. 773. 
 
 Redimitus, bound round. 
 
 Differs from the type in the thinner, obtusely umbonate, golden yellmc 
 p. streaked with adpressed darker fibrils, the yellowish, fibrillosely striate 
 st. slightly thickened at the base, and the light yellow gills adnate with a 
 small decurrent tooth. Beech woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 412. C. (Ino.) callisteus Fr. icd\\i<rTO<;, very beautiful. 
 P. 46 cm., yellow tawny, fleshy, convexo-expanded, rather smooth, 
 
 silky towards the margin, generally broken up into minute, innate 
 squamules. St. 7-12 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, or rhubarb colour, 
 clavato-bulbous, equally attenuated upwards, fibrillosely striate. 
 Cortina concolorous, marginal, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills concolorous, 
 adnate, connected together at the base and to the stem byfiocci, plane, sub- 
 distant, 8 mm. broad, thin. Flesh yellowish white, rhubarb colour in 
 the st., thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 
 6-8 x 6fj,, 1-guttulate, "punctate" Rick. Pine woods. July Oct. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 413. C. (Ino.) vinosus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 758, t. 759. 
 
 Vinosus, wine colour. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., vinous red, fleshy, semiglobose, then expanded, at 
 length flattened, smooth, shining. St. 5-7-5 x 1 cm., violet, cylin- 
 drical, abruptly thickened into a marginately bulbous, reddish base. 
 Cortina reddish. Gills ferruginous cinnamon, adnexed, ventricose, 
 scarcely crowded. Flesh pale violet, reddish in the st. Spores ferru- 
 ginous, almond-shaped, 16-18 x 8/u, granular. Under trees, and in 
 woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 414. C. (Ino.) Bulliardii (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 109. 
 
 Pierre Bulliard, the eminent French mycologist. 
 P. 4-10 cm., dark rufescent, bay brown blood colour, becoming pale, 
 fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, or fibrillose. St. 
 5-12 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish above, blood red downwards, and covered with 
 blood red fibrils near the ovate bulb, which arises from a blood red myce- 
 lium. Cortina whitish, fugacious. Gills purplish, then ferruginous, 
 adnexed with a decurrent tooth, 6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded, 
 often crenulated at the whitish edge. Flesh whitish, brownish under the 
 cuticle, and reddish at the base of the st. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 
 7-8 x 4-5/x, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Woods, especially beech. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CORTINARIUS 159 
 
 415. C. (too.) bolaris (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 759, t. 760. 
 
 /3Xo<?, a clod of earth. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., light yellow red, or pale, variegated with innate, adpressed, 
 spot-like red scales, fleshy, convexo-plane, obsoletely umbonate. St. 
 4-8 cm. x 6-10 mm., pale, variegated with saffron-red, adpressed, fibril- 
 lose scales, sometimes entirely scarlet, apex white, firm, equal. Cortina 
 saffron-red, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills cream colour, then dark cinna- 
 mon, decurrent, or adnate, arcuate, crowded. Flesh white, yellowish 
 in the st., firm. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 5ft, 
 minutely punctate. Taste acrid. Woods, especially beech. Aug. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ****Gills or veil dark, fuscous, or olivaceous. 
 
 416. C. (too.) pholideus Fr. Grevillea, t. 117, fig. 1. $0X19, a scale. 
 P. 5-10 cm., fawn colour, becoming pale, at length somewhat cinna- 
 mon, fleshy, convex, then flattened, subumbonate and depressed round 
 the umbo, covered with innate, piloso-fasciculate, crowded, fuscous 
 blackish, squarrose scales. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-12 mm., brownish, attenu- 
 ated upwards, sometimes shorter and clavato-bulbous, squarrose with 
 fuliginous, blackish scales up to the cortinate, arachnoid ring, pale 
 violaceous above. Gills violaceous, then day colour, and at length 
 cinnamon, subemarginate, 4-8 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh 
 pallid, thin. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /i, 
 "punctate" Rick. Deciduous woods. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 417. C. (too.) sublanatus (Sow.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 111. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; lanatus, woolly. 
 
 P. 4 W cm., fawn colour, or olivaceous fawn, becoming tan fuscous, 
 and at length ferruginous, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, 
 umbonate, clothed with innate, floccose, fuscous squamules. St. 8 
 11 x 1-5 cm., pale ochraceous, conico-elongated, or clavato-bulbous, 
 clothed to the middle with fuscous down, continued into a fibrillose 
 cortina, which does not form a zone, apex slightly violaceous, naked. 
 Cortina yellowish, arachnoid. Gills olivaceous yellowish, or ochraceous 
 ferruginous, then cinnamon, adnate, broader behind, 6 mm. broad, 
 scarcely crowded. Flesh ochraceous yellow, deeper coloured in the st., 
 fairly thick, firm. Spores "ochraceous tawny, subglobose, 8-10/t, 
 apiculate at the one end, verrucose " Boud. Smell of radish. Fir and 
 larch woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 418. C. (too.) phrygianus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 153, fig. 3. 
 
 Phrygianus, embroidered. 
 
 P. 5-7 cm., honey colour, fleshy, convex, obtuse, densely covered with 
 simple, black, hispid fibrils. St. 3-8 x 1-1-5 cm., paler than the p., 
 whitish when dry, reticulately clothed with lax, black fibrils,
 
 160 COBTINARIUS 
 
 equal, base bulbous. Gills dirty yellow, rounded behind, 48 mm. 
 broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, firm. Smell of radish. 
 Damp beech woods. Sept. Oct. Eare. 
 
 419. C. (Inc.) arenatus (Pers.) Fr. Arena, sand. 
 P. 3-6 cm., pale yellowish fuscous, or olivaceous, fleshy, convex, at 
 
 first gibbous, punctate with granular, floccose, brown squamules. St. 
 5-7 cm. x 6-10 mm., brown, clavato-attenuated, sheathed up to and 
 beyond the middle with fuscous squamules, apex naked, cream colour. 
 Gills yellowish, then cinnamon, emarginate, ventricose, somewhat 
 crowded. Spores "obliquely elliptical, 7 x 5ju," Massee. Fir, and 
 mixed woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 4. Dennocybe Fr. 
 
 (Bepfia, skin; /cvfirj, head.) 
 
 Pileus thinly, and equally fleshy, dry, not hygrophanous, at first 
 silky with subinnate villose down, then smooth. Veil simple, forming 
 a zone in C. caninus. 
 
 *Gills at first whitish, or pallid. 
 
 420. C. (Dermo.) ochroleucus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 764, t. 775. 
 
 &>%/>o9, pale; Xey/co?, white. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., pale white, or yellowish, disc ochraceous, fleshy, broadly 
 campanulate, then expanded, and somewhat gibbous, slightly silky, 
 becoming smooth. St. 4-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., white, firm, ventricose, 
 naked. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills clay colour, then ochraceous, 
 sinuato-adnexed, then free, broader behind, 6 mm. broad, crowded. 
 Flesh white, thick at the disc, firm. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly 
 elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/i, 1-guttulate. Taste bitter. Deciduous woods. 
 Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 421. C. (Dermo.) decumbens (Pers.) Fr. Grevillea, t. 127, fig. 3. 
 
 Decumbens, lying down. 
 
 P. 2'5-4 cm., white, or yellowish, fleshy, firm, convex, then plane, 
 gibbous, then obtuse, silky-shining. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 5-6 mm., shining 
 white, ascending, clavato-bulbous, smooth, apex mealy. Cortina white, 
 silky. Gills white, then clay colour, at length ochre cinnamon, adnexed, 
 4 mm. broad, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, firm. Spores ochrace- 
 ous, "elliptical, 9-12 x 5-6 /i" Eick. Taste slightly bitter. Woods, 
 and grassy places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 422. C. (Dermo.) riculatus Fr. Rica, a head veil. 
 P. 5-8 cm., honey colour, but only conspicuously so at the disc, else- 
 where clothed with a very thin, floccose, adpressed silkiness, that makes 
 it appear almost glabrous, fleshy, convexo-plane, slightly gibbous. 
 St. 5-6 cm. x 5-6 mm., pallid, becoming white, thickened downwards,
 
 CORTINAEITJS 161 
 
 smooth. Cortina pallid, fibrillose. Gills clay colour, at length watery 
 ferruginous, adnate, 4 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, 
 fairly thick, spongy in the st. Spores "pale brown in the mass, oval, 
 8-11 x 6-7 /x " Herpell. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 423. C. (Denno.) tabularis (Bull.) Fr. Tabula, a board. 
 P. 48 cm., clay or fuscous clay colour, sometimes tawny, becoming 
 
 pale, fleshy, convexo-plane, broadly gibbous, at length very flat, veiled 
 at first with very thin, white flocci, which rarely in wet weather are col- 
 lected in a zone at the margin, becoming smooth; margin silky. St. 
 5-8 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, becoming pale, tough, elastic, equal, or 
 attenuated upwards, erect, either floccosely scaly, or smooth. Cortina 
 white, fugacious. Gills whitish, then clay colour, subemarginate, 6 mm. 
 broad, thin, crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores ferruginous, pip- 
 shaped, 9 x 6/z. Woods. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 424. C. (Denno.) camurus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 154, fig. 1. 
 
 Camurus, crooked. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., fuscous, often hoary, becoming pale, pallid yellowish, 
 umbo deeper in colour, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, with a broad, 
 obtuse, often oblique umbo, rimosely incised when dry. St. 4-8 cm. 
 x 7-14 mm., white, equal, ascending, flexuose, or twisted, fibrillose, 
 apex silvery-shining, very fragile. Gills grey clay colour, then watery 
 cinnamon, and somewhat fuscous, adnate, or sinuate, 6 mm. broad, 
 thin, crowded. Flesh white, fuscous under the cuticle when moist, thin 
 at the margin, loose. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 7 x 6/z, multi- 
 guttulate. Smell unpleasant. Often caespitose. Woods, especially 
 birch, and beech. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 425. C. (Denno.) diabolicus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 765, t. 816, fig. B. 
 
 8iay3o\o9, the Devil. 
 
 P. 2-5-7 cm., fuscous with a grey bloom, becoming smooth and fuscous 
 yellow, fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, hemispherical, obtuse, or 
 umbonate, dry, fragile, often splitting at the margin. St. 4-8 cm. x 4- 
 10 mm., pale, bluish grey at the apex, attenuated downwards, smooth. 
 Cortina fugacious. Gills pale bluish grey, soon becoming white, at length 
 clay colour, adnate, separating, subemarginate, 4-6 mm. broad, firm, 
 somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores "subglobose, 8- 
 10 x 7-8/z, punctate " Rick. Beech woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 **Gills at first violaceous, becoming purple. 
 
 426. C. (Dermo.) azureus Fr. Quel. Jur. et. Vosg. t. 24, fig. 4. 
 
 Azureus, sky blue. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., lilac, becoming hoary, then fuscous, and pallid, fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, obtuse, silky-shining, atomate. St. 6-8 cm. x 8- 
 
 B. B. B. 11
 
 162 CORTINARIUS 
 
 10 mm., sky blue, becoming whitish, thickened at the base, fragile, 
 silky, stria te, often twisted. Cortina concolorous. Gills bright bluish 
 violet, slightly emarginate, then decurrent, rather crowded. Flesh 
 white, bluish in the st., thick at the disc. Spores " subglobose, 7-10 x 7- 
 9 //,, punctate " Rick. Deciduous woods, especially beech. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 427. C. (Derrno.) caninus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 768, t. 765. 
 
 Caninus, belonging to a dog. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., fuscous brown, becoming bricJc-rufescent or tawny 
 when dry, fleshy, firm, convex, then plane, obtuse, becoming smooth; 
 margin at first whitish, silky. St. 7-12 cm. x 8-12 mm., pale white, 
 apex violaceous, often ochraceous at the thickened, somewhat bulbous 
 base, equal, fibrillose, elastic. Cortina forming a white, or fuscous zone 
 near the apex of the st., fibrillose. Gills bluish grey, or purplish, then 
 cinnamon, emarginate, 6-10 mm. broad, subdistant, thin. Flesh 
 white, becoming yellowish, thick at the disc, soft. Spores ferruginous, 
 elliptical, 9-10 x 6/j,, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. Deciduous 
 woods, and heaths. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 428. C. (Denno.) anomalus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 772, t. 776. 
 
 a, not; o/u,aA.6<?, even. 
 
 P. 36 cm., fuliginous, then rufescent, becoming hoary with separating 
 fibrils, at length yellowish, fleshy, thin, very convex, then expanded, 
 and gibbous. St. 57-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., violaceous above, whitish below, 
 at length becoming pale and somewhat yellow, attenuated from the base, 
 slightly sheathed, fibrillose, or somewhat scaly. Gills more or less 
 violaceous, bluish grey purplish, then cinnamon, adnate, or emarginate, 
 with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin. Flesh watery, becoming white 
 when dry, violaceous at the apex of the st., thin, soft. Spores ferruginous, 
 elliptical, 8-9 x 6-7/x-, punctate. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and 
 heaths. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 429. C. (Dermo.) lepidopus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 773, t. 850. 
 
 t?, a scale; TTOU<?, a foot. 
 
 P. 1-5-7 cm., umber, with a tinge of violet near the margin, disc be- 
 coming rufescent, fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, smooth. 
 St. 6-12 cm. x 8-12 mm., violet at the apex, dirty white below, attenu- 
 ated upwards, with concentric, fibrillose, darker bands. Cortina whitish, 
 with a tinge of violet. Gills violet, then cinnamon, adnate, rather 
 crowded, thin. Flesh whitish, tinged lilac at the apex of the stem, 
 rather thin. Spores pale ferruginous, ovate, sometimes almost globose, 
 8-9 x 6-7 /x, with a basal apiculus. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CORTINARIUS 163 
 
 430. C. (Dermo.) myrtillinus Fr. fj,vpro<;, the myrtle. 
 P. 3-7-5 cm., fuliginous, tinged with lilac, becoming hoary silky 
 
 with the dense white fibrils, fleshy, convex, gibbous, becoming plane. 
 St. 5-7 cm. x 6-12 mm., whitish, streaked with sparse,, lilac fibrils, 
 tough, slightly bulbous. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills pure amethyst- 
 azure-blue, scarcely changing colour, adnate, subdistant, edge whitish, 
 denticulate. Flesh fuscous, becoming whitish when dry, violaceous at the 
 apex of the St., tough, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 
 7-8 x 6/ji. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 431. C. (Dermo.) albocyaneus Fr. Albus, white; icvavos, dark blue. 
 P. 2-3 cm., white, becoming yellow, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, 
 
 hoary silky, becoming smooth. St. 6-10 x -5-1-5 cm., white, sub- 
 clavate, naked. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills bluish purple, then 
 somewhat ochraceous, emarginate, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh 
 white, thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /x, 
 punctate. Smell "of apple" Quel. Coniferous, birch, and beech 
 woods. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 432. C. (Dermo.) spilomeus Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 154, fig. 3. 0-774X09, a spot. 
 P. 3-7 cm., rufescent, or clay colour, fleshy, convex, then expanded, 
 
 gibbous, becoming smooth. St. 5-7 x 1 cm., whitish lilac, covered in 
 the basal half with rufous, or tawny scales, equal, slightly thickened at 
 the base. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills bluish grey, or violaceous, be- 
 coming pale, at length watery cinnamon, adnate, or emarginate, crowded, 
 thin. Flesh cinereous, becoming white, thick at the disc. Spores ferru- 
 ginous, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 6-9 x 6-7 /x,, apiculate at 
 the base, multi-guttulate, "punctate " Rick. Woods. Sept. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 433. C. (Dermo.) violaceo-fuscus (Cke. & Massee) Massee. Cke. Illus. 
 
 no. 1163, t. 1174, as Inocybe violaceo-fusca Cke. & Mass. 
 
 Violaceus, violet ; fuscus, dark. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., umber, often tinged with violet, fleshy, more or less con- 
 vex, then expanded, obtusely umbonate, flocculose, fibrillose, con- 
 centrically scaly, dry; margin thin, torn, fimbriate. St. 5-6 cm. x 6- 
 8 mm., violet above, pallid below, equal, silky. Gills violet, then umber, 
 adnexed, rounded behind, or slightly sinuate, 4-6 mm. broad, scarcely 
 crowded, edge paler, serrulate. Flesh thin. Spores ferruginous, ellip- 
 tical, 7-8 x 4/z. Amongst grass in open places. Uncommon. 
 
 ***Gills bright cinnamon, red, or yellow. 
 
 434. C. (Dermo.) phoeniceus (Bull.) Maire. (= Cortinarius miltinus 
 
 Quel. non Fr.) Boud. Icon. t. 112, as Cortinarius miltinus Fr. 
 
 s, purple-red. 
 112
 
 164 CORTTNABIUS 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., bay brown cinnamon, or dark cinnamon when moist, be- 
 coming bright bay when dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, broadly 
 gibbous, or umbonate, flexuose, fibrillosely silky. St. 5-7 cm. x 4- 
 9 mm., pale, reddish fibrillose below, equal, or slightly thickened at 
 the base, rigid, striate. Cortina red, fibrillose. Gills reddish, then 
 ferruginous, adnate, 3-5 mm. broad, somewhat crowded, thin. Flesh 
 fuscous under the cuticle of the p., becoming paler, tinged reddish in 
 the St., thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/i, multi-guttu- 
 late. Smell none, or of radish. Woods, especially birch. Sept. Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 435. C. (Denno.) semisanguineus (Brig.) Maire. Eolland, Champ, t. 66, 
 no. 146. Semi, half; sanguineus, bloody. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., tan, or tawny olivaceous, becoming paler, convex, then 
 plane, silky. St. 3-6 cm. x 6-8 mm., paler tawny, or yellowish, equal, 
 often slightly thickened at the base. Cortina tawny, fibrillose. Gills 
 blood red, sinuato-adnate, broad, or narrow, crowded, thick. Flesh 
 fuscous, becoming pale, thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, 
 elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4//.. Woods, and heaths under birches. Aug. 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 436. C. (Denno.) cinnabarinus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 113. 
 
 Kivvdfiapi, dragon's blood. 
 
 P. 2-7-5 cm., scarlet-red, fleshy, campanulate, then flattened, obtuse, 
 or obtusely umbonate, silky, then becoming smooth and shining. St. 
 3-6 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, equal, sometimes bulbous, fibrillose, 
 or striate. Cortina cinnabar colour, fibrillose, lax. Gills concolorous, 
 dark blood colour when bruised, adnate, subdecurrent, subdistant, often 
 connected by veins; edge unequal and darker. Flesh concolorous, 
 then paler, firm. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-13 x 5-6/x, 
 verrucose. Smell of radish. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Nov. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 437. C. (Denno.) sanguineus (Wulf.) Fr. Grevillea, t. 110, fig. 5. 
 
 Sanguineus, bloody. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., dark blood colour, becoming paler when dry, fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, obtuse, or slightly umbonate, sometimes de- 
 pressed, shaggy, or squamulose. St. 5-10 cm. x 4r-6 mm., concolorous, 
 or darker, equal, or slightly attenuated downwards, flexuose, clothed 
 with concolorous fibrils, base sometimes white. Cortina blood red, 
 arachnoid, fugacious. Gills concolorous, then rust colour, adnate, 
 sinuate, crowded. Flesh reddish, paler, thin, pouring out a blood red 
 juice when pressed. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /M, 
 1-guttulate, verrucose. Smell of radish, sometimes obsolete. Woods, 
 especially of conifers. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 COBTINABIUS 165 
 
 438. C. (Dermo.) anthracinus Fr. avOpa%, coal. 
 P. 2-3 cm., dark chestnut, or brown fuscous, often reddish rose colour 
 
 at the margin, fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, fibrillose, 
 becoming smooth. St. 4-5 cm. x 3-5 mm., intense blood colour, fus- 
 cous, or yellow at the base, equal, fibrillose. Gills deep red, or fiery in 
 colour, becoming blood red when bruised, then rust colour with the edge 
 deep red, sinuato-adnate, crowded. Flesh concolorous (lilac according 
 to Quelet), soft, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 
 7 x 5/z, punctate. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 439. C. (Dermo.) cinnamomeus (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 777, t. 777. 
 
 Kivvdfiwfjiov, cinnamon. 
 
 P. 1-10 cm., somewhat cinnamon, or tawny ochraceous, fleshy, convex, 
 then expanded, obtusely umbonate, silky, or squamulose with innate 
 fibrils, at length becoming smooth. St. 5-9 x -5-1 cm., 
 
 'i, equal, fibrillose. Cortina yellowish, fibrillose. Gills yellowish, 
 
 then cinnamon, adnate, broad, thin, crowded, shining. Flesh yellowish, 
 thin, scissile. Spores dark ochraceous, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 /A, 1-guttu- 
 late, "faintly punctate" Kick. Coniferous, and deciduous woods. 
 Aug. Feb. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. croceus (Schaeff.) Fr. tcpotcos, saffron colour. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, and its bright yellow st., and 
 gills. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 440. C. (Dermo.) croceo-conus Fr. #poo9, saffron; /ez/o9, a cone. 
 P. 3-5 cm., fulvous cinnamon, conical, then campanulate, per- 
 sistently acute, almost glabrous. St. 712 cm. x 4 mm., yellowish, 
 flexuose. Gills cinnamon, ascending, linear, crowded. Flesh very thin, 
 1mm. thick. Spores " elliptical, almost smooth, 8-9-5 x 5ju, " Kauffm. 
 Subcaespitose. Amongst moss in coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 441. C. (Dermo.) uliginosus Berk. Cke. lUus. no. 781, t. 851. 
 
 Uligo, marshy ground. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., bright red brown, almost brick-red, fleshy, campanulato- 
 conical, then expanded, very strongly umbonate, silky, sometimes 
 streaked. St. 3-8 cm. x 3-8 mm., paler than the p., flexuose. Gills 
 yellow, becoming olive, then cinnamon, adnate with a tooth, distant. 
 Flesh yellow-olive, then cinnamon, thick at the disc. Spores dark 
 ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /M. Amongst Sphagnum in woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 442. C. (Dermo.) orellanus Fr. non Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 776, t. 787, 
 lower figs. 0/009, a mountain. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., orange tawny, fleshy, convex, then convexo-plane, more 
 or less undulate, umbonate, covered with concolorous, or deeper coloured
 
 166 CORTINABIUS 
 
 fibrillose squamules. St. 2-59 cm. x 4-20 mm., tawny, equal, or 
 attenuated upwards, striato-fibrillose, or smooth. Cortina tawny, 
 fibrillose. Gills tawny, then rust colour, broadly adnato-sinuate, broad, 
 thick, distant, often veined on the sides. Flesh concolorous, reddening, 
 thin at the margin. Spores brownish ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 
 8-11 x 5-6 /i, 1-multi-guttulate, verrucose. Woods, and heaths. 
 Aug. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 443. C. (Denno.) malicorius Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 155, fig. 1. 
 
 Malicorlum, the rind of a pomegranate. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., tawny, disc darker, golden, and floccose at the margin, 
 fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, velvety, or fibrillose. St. 4- 
 5 cm. x 12 mm., golden, at length fuscous, and olivaceous, covered with 
 golden fibrils. Cortina golden, fibrillose. Gills golden tawny, rounded 
 behind, adnexed, crowded, edge at length floccose and discoloured. 
 Flesh yellow, then greenish olive, rather thick, scissile. Spores "ellip- 
 tical, 8-9 x 4-5 /A, faintly punctate " Rick. Taste pleasant. Coniferous 
 woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 444. C. (Denno.) infucatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 155, fig. 2. 
 
 Infucatus, painted. 
 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., bright yellow, fleshy, convex, obtuse, silky when dry. 
 St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., pale light yellow, equally attenuated upwards 
 from the clavate base, fibrillose. Cortina yellow, fibrillose. Gills tawny, 
 then cinnamon, adnate, almost linear, 2 mm. broad, crowded, thin. 
 Flesh whitish. Spores "elliptical, 10 x 5 /A" Massee. Woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 445. C. (Denno.) colymbadinus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 155, fig. 3. 
 
 K0\vfif3d<$, swimming. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., honey tan colour, becoming yellowish when dry, some- 
 what fleshy, convex, then expanded, scarcely umbonate, often repand, 
 covered with yellow, fugacious fibrils, then smooth, and shining. St. 
 5-10 cm. x 6-8 mm., pallid, equal, somewhat naked, fibrillosely- 
 striate, sometimes twisted. Cortina almost none, very fugacious. 
 Gills dark ferruginous, adnate, 4-8 mm. broad, subdistant, thick, edge 
 white-floccose. Flesh pallid, darker at the base of the st., scissile. Spores 
 "subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 p,, almost spinose" Rick. Smell very strong 
 of radish. Pine, and beech woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 ****01ivaceous, veil dingy pallid, or fuscous. 
 P. not torn into scales. 
 
 446. C. (Denno.) cotoneus Fr. KOTIVOS, the wild olive. 
 P. 4-8 cm., olivaceous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, 
 
 somewhat repand, innately velvety, fragile when old. St. 5-9 x 1-
 
 CORTINARIUS 167 
 
 1-5 cm., pale olivaceous, bulbous, somewhat fibrillose. Cortina yellow 
 olivaceous, persistent, woven into a fuscous zone towards the apex of 
 the st. Gills olivaceous, then cinnamon, adnate, separating, 4-6 mm. 
 broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh pale olivaceous, deeper coloured in 
 the st., thin, lax, soft. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 8-9 x S/n, 
 granular. Taste mild. Woods, especially oak. Sept. Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 447. C. (Dermo.) subnotatus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 784, t. 832. 
 
 Subnotatus, marked. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., olivaceous, becoming yellowish, then fuscous, fleshy, 
 conical, campanulate, then expanded, gibbous, at first covered with 
 hoary, silky fibrils, then smooth. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., pale olivaceous, 
 conical, equally attenuated upwards, often curved and flexuose, 
 fibrillose, or squamulose with the yellowish cortina, apex naked, 
 silvery-shining. Cortina yellowish, fibrillose, inconspicuous. Gills 
 bright ochraceous, then olivaceous cinnamon, adnate, 610 mm. broad, 
 subdistant, often connected by veins. Flesh yellowish, very thin at the 
 margin. Spores "elliptical, 6-8 x 5-6 p, granular" Massee. Smell 
 of radishes or none. Beech woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 448. C. (Dermo.) raphanoides (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 786, t. 833, 
 fig. A. pa(f)avi<;, a radish; etSo?, like. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., fuscous olivaceous, becoming tawny, fleshy, campanu- 
 late, then expanded, obtusely umbonate, often undulate, silky fibrillose, 
 then smooth. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., olivaceous, becoming pallid, equal, 
 or slightly attenuated upwards from the somewhat thickened base, 
 sometimes twisted, fibrillose. Cortina pallid olive, filamentous, often 
 forming a narrow ring-like zone on the st. Gills subolivaceous, then 
 cinnamon, and subferruginous, adnate, slightly ventricose, scarcely 
 crowded, edge often paler. Flesh pallid, or ochraceous, thick at the 
 disc, firm, then soft. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/n, 
 granular. Smell strong of radish. Taste bitter. Beech, birch, and 
 fir woods. Sept. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 449. C. (Dermo.) valgus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 785, t. 750. 
 
 Valgus, bow-legged. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., yellowish fuscous, becoming paler, somewhat brick red 
 when dry, fleshy, fragile, convex, then expanded and subumbonate, 
 smooth; margin submembranaceous. St. 6-12 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, 
 smooth, shining, attenuated upwards, often somewhat twisted, apex 
 lilac and substriate; base white-tomentose, bulbous, rooting. Gills 
 yellowish, then cinnamon, adnate, somewhat separating, 4-6 mm. 
 broad, subdistant. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores pale 
 ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 5/u,. Smell none, or of radish. Amongst 
 moss in coniferous woods. Oct. Uncommon.
 
 168 CORTINARIUS 
 
 450. C. (Dermo.) venetus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 155, fig. 4. 
 
 Venetus, sea-coloured. 
 
 P. 4-5 cm., green, then greenish yellow, yellowish when dry, fleshy, 
 hemispherical, obtusely umbonate, covered with a persistent, erect, 
 yellow, velvety tomentum. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, or paler, 
 equal, often curved, firm, very fibrillosely silky, base often yellow and 
 villous. Cortina green, or citron yellow, fibrillose. Gills olivaceous, 
 darker than the p., then brownish, adnate, very broad, in the form of a 
 segment, often connected by veins, subdistant. Flesh pale yellowish; or 
 greenish yellow, thick at the disc, soft. Spores "olivaceous, elliptical, 
 10/1, echinulate " Bataille, "subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 /x, roughish" 
 Rick. Smell of radish. Taste acrid. Beech, and fir woods. Aug. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 5. Telamonia Fr. 
 (re\afjicav, a broad linen bandage.) 
 
 Pileus thinly fleshy, or abruptly thin at the margin, moist, hygro- 
 phanous, smooth or sprinkled with superficial whitish fibres of the 
 veil. Stem cortinate, and annulate, hence the veil is somewhat double. 
 
 I. Gills very broad, rather thick, more or less distant. 
 
 St. spongy, and wholly fibrous. 
 *St. and cortina white, or whitish. 
 
 451. C. (Tela.) macropus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 787, t. 788. 
 
 fjt,aicp6s, long; TTOV<?, a foot. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., brick colour, at length becoming ferruginous, paler at the 
 margin, which is at first incurved, fleshy, convex, then flattened, 
 obtuse, dry, hoary with very small squamules, becoming smooth. St. 
 7-5-15 x 1-2-5 cm., dingy whitish, then concolorous, subequal, fibrillose. 
 Cortina white, forming a distant, inferior, narrow woven ring. Gills 
 pallid, then watery cinnamon, adnexed, very broad, 1-2-5 cm., distant, 
 edge sometimes crenate. Flesh whitish, then cinereous, thin at the 
 margin, firm, then soft. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 5 /M, 
 minutely punctate. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 452. C. (Tela.) laniger Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 156, fig. 2. 
 
 Laniger, wool bearing. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., bright or dark tawny, sometimes becoming pale, fleshy, 
 hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, at first floccosely squamulose 
 with whitish fiocci, then becoming smooth, silky towards the margin. 
 St. 510 x 24 cm., white, equal, or bulbous, sometimes ventricose, 
 more or less distinctly sheathed by the veil. Cortina white, forming a very 
 soft, shining white, distinct ring, very delicate above. Gills bright 
 saffron cinnamon, then shining tawny, adnate, or sinuate, at first 
 crowded, then subdistant, sometimes transversely veined. Flesh
 
 CORTINABITJS 169 
 
 white, reddish white in the st. at length becoming tawny at the base, thick 
 at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 
 9-10 x 6/i, punctate. Smell strong. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Eare. (v.v.) 
 
 453. C. (Tela.) bivelus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 156, fig. 1. 
 
 Bis, twice; velum, a veil. 
 
 P. 5-12 cm., tawny ferruginous, often spotted, or darker at the disc, 
 fleshy, convexo-plane, always obtuse, bibulous, smooth, or slightly 
 silky round the margin, shining, rarely opaque, sometimes rivulose. 
 St. 6-8 x 1-2 cm., dingy white, bulbous, or equally attenuated, fibril- 
 losely villous. Cortina white, sheathing, terminating in a spurious and 
 fugacious ring, thin and vanishing above. Grills ochraceous, then bright 
 tawny cinnamon, adnate, or subemarginate, at first crowded, then 
 subdistant. Flesh white, becoming somewhat ferruginous in the stem, 
 thick, spongy in the stem. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, often 
 pointed at the base, 9-10 x 6-7 /A, 1-2-guttulate, punctate, "almost 
 smooth" Rick. Smell "strong," "pleasant" Quel. Taste mild. Woods, 
 and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 454. C. (Tela.) bulbosus (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 130. 
 
 Bulbosus, bulbous. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., date brown, becoming fuscous brick colour when dry, 
 fleshy, campanulato-expanded, obtuse, or broadly gibbous, even, ozfibril- 
 losely squamulose towards the margin from the torn epidermis. St. 
 4-7-5 x 1-1-5 cm., paler than the p., becoming whitish, tinged saffron- 
 yellow at the bulbous base, equal. Cortina white, sheathing, forming a 
 fugacious ring. Gills dark, then brown-cinnamon, adnate, broad, sub- 
 distant. Flesh concolorous and pallid when damp, whitish when dry, 
 tinged with saffron-yellow at the base of the St., thick and compact at 
 the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6;u,, minutely 
 verrucose. Smell none, or of radish. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncom- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 455. C. (Tela.) urbicus Fr. Grevillea, t. Ill, fig. 8. 
 
 Urbicus, pertaining to the city. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., clay-whitish, fleshy, convexo-plane, smooth, pitted when 
 larger. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 12-15 mm., concolorous, equal, villous above 
 the ring when young. Cortina white, forming a narrow ring above 
 the middle of the st. Gills watery ferruginous, emarginate, broad, 
 thin, crowded. Flesh whitish, firm. Spores " ochraceous, pruniform, 
 8/i, punctate" Quel. Grassy places. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 456. C. (Tela.) licinipes Fr. Licinium, lint; pes, foot. 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., very pale yellow, tan pallid when dry, fleshy-membra- 
 
 naceous, campanulate, then convex, and flattened, obtusely umbonate,
 
 170 CORTINARIUS 
 
 at length depressed round the umbo, smooth. St. 5-12 cm. x 6- 
 8 mm., pale white, at length fragile, equal, often flexuose, base white 
 villous, clothed with shining, white, fugacious, fioccoso-plumose scales 
 below the ring, even above. Cortina white, forming a distant, mem- 
 branaceous ring. Gills watery cinnamon, adnate, very broad behind, 
 up to 12 mm., somewhat crowded. Flesh watery white, thin. Fir 
 woods, and Sphagnum swamps. Oct. Rare. 
 
 var. robustior Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 792, t. 819. Robustior, firmer. 
 Differs from the type in being larger and stouter. Spores 10 x 6-7 /z. 
 Damp woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 457. C. (Tela.) microcyclus Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 793, t. 865. 
 
 pi/epos, small; KVK\OS, a ring. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., brick-red fuscous, disc darker, becoming paler and opaque 
 when dry, almost membranaceous, plano-convex, minutely umbonate, 
 smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, then white, attenuated up- 
 wards from the subbulbous base. Cortina white, forming a ring-like 
 zone on the st. Gills lilac, then dark cinnamon, adnate, very broad, 
 almost ovate, distant, thin. Flesh thin. Spores "reddish brown in 
 the mass, elliptical, 5-7 x 4 /A " Herpell. Coniferous woods, and under 
 trees. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 **St. and gills violaceous. Cortina commonly white-violaceous, 
 universal veil white. Very distinguished. 
 
 458. C. (Tela.) torvus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 157, fig. 1. Torvus, wild. 
 P. 4-12 cm., brick colour, date brown, copper brown, fleshy, convex, 
 
 then flattened, obtuse, sprinkled with hoary squamules and fibrils, at 
 length becoming smooth. St. 7-12 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, becoming dis- 
 coloured, short and bulbous, then elongated and subequal, often curved, 
 sheathed to the middle, and forming a white, membranaceous, persistent 
 ring, fibrillose and floccosely scaly below the ring; apex pale violaceous, 
 silky; base white villous. Cortina white, villous, then fibrillose. Gills 
 violaceous, soon purplish umber, then dark cinnamon, subadnate, very 
 broad, 6-12 mm., thick, distant, fragile, at length sometimes veined 
 at the base. Flesh dingy, becoming whitish when dry, thick at the disc, 
 firm. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 5-6/x, 1-guttulate, 
 "warted" Rick. Smell "of camphor" Maire. Woods, especially 
 beech. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 459. C. (Tela.) impennis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 157, fig. 2. 
 
 In, not; penna, a feather. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., umber, then brick colour, decolouring and dingy, fleshy, 
 convex, very obtuse, smooth; margin silky when young, at length 
 cracked. St. 5-10 x 1-2-5 cm., pale, becoming violet at the apex, 

 
 CORTINARIUS 171 
 
 I, scarcely bulbous, fibrillose, veil forming an incomplete 
 
 white zone towards the apex. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills intense 
 bright violaceous, somewhat purplish, soon becoming watery ferruginous, 
 adnate, then emarginate, distant, rather thick. Flesh pallid, thick, 
 becoming azure blue at the apex of the st. Spores ferruginous, 9-10 x 6/z, 
 punctate. Woods, especially pine, and among dead leaves. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lucorum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1190, t. 1192, as a species. 
 
 Lucus, a wood. 
 
 Differs from the type in the unicolorous, clavato-bulbous stem, in the 
 gills only being tinged with a fugacious violet, and in the firm dark 
 watery flesh becoming isabelline when dry. Woods. Sept. Bare. 
 
 460. C. (Tela.) plumiger Fr. Grevillea, t. 112, fig. 1. 
 
 Plumiger, feather-bearing. 
 
 P. 6-9 cm., fuscous, somewhat olivaceous when moist, brick tan when 
 dry, fleshy, conical, then campanulate, with a broad, obtuse, very pro- 
 minent umbo, then expanded, often cracked, dry, clothed with dense, 
 white, fioccoso-plumose scales, which are either erect and squarrose, or 
 adpressed and silky. St. 7-5-10 x 1 cm., pale, then often tinged with 
 citron yellow, very clavate, apex pubescent, floccosely scaly from the veil, 
 which forms a ring-like zone at the apex. Cortina white, floccose. Gills 
 violaceous, soon watery then pure cinnamon, adnate, scarcely crowded, 
 broad; edge lilac, or clay colour, often denticulate. Flesh white, or 
 lilac, then yellowish, thin, firm. Smell unpleasant, foetid. Spores ferru- 
 ginous, almond-shaped, 13-15 x 7-8/>i, minutely echinulate. Coni- 
 ferous, and mixed woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 461. C. (Tela.) scutulatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 158, fig. 2. 
 
 Scutulatus, diamond- or lozenge-shaped. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., purple umber, or brick fuliginous, very hygrophanous, 
 brick colour when dry, fleshy, ovato-globose, then campanulato-hemi- 
 spherical, obtuse, sometimes umbonate, or umbilicate, white silky 
 round the margin, then naked, rivulose in the form of innate squamules, 
 sometimes lacunoso-wrinkled. St. 5-15 cm. x 4-12 mm., deep vio- 
 laceous, at length becoming fuscous, cylindrical, or bulbous at the 
 extreme base, white villous at the base, rigid, somewhat rooting, 
 fibrillosely striate, veil sheathing and forming a white, narrow, mem- 
 branaceous ring. Cortina white, floccose. Gills violaceous, then purple, 
 at length cinnamon, adnate, rarely emarginate, 6 mm. broad, more or 
 less distant, edge often white and serrate when young. Flesh violace- 
 ous, firm, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4//,, 
 1-multi-guttulate, "slightly punctate" Rick. Smell "strong, of 
 radish, or of violets " Quel. Woods, and moist places. Aug. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 172 CORTINARIUS 
 
 462. C. (Tela.) evernius Fr. Luc. Champ, t. 191. 
 
 ev-epvrjs, flourishing. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., purple bay brown, brick colour when dry, becoming 
 isabelline-hoary when old, very hygrophanous, fleshy, conico-campanu- 
 late, then flattened, obsoletely umbonate, adpressedly silky, then 
 smooth, at length rimosely incised, and torn into fibrils, fragile. St. 
 7-15 x 1-1-5 cm., violaceous, becoming pale, equal, or attenuated down- 
 wards, substriate, squamulose and obsoletely zoned with the white veil. 
 Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills violaceous purple, becoming pale, then 
 cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, very broad, 8-20 mm., distant. Flesh 
 concolorous in the p., violaceous in the St., very thin at the margin. 
 Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 (JL, 1-2-guttulate, "faintly 
 warted " Eick. Smell like mushrooms. Deciduous, and pine woods, 
 and damp places. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 463. C. (Tela.) quadricolor (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 799, t. 867. 
 
 Quadricolor, four coloured. 
 
 P. 4-7-5 cm., pallid yellow, then somewhat tawny, shining when dry, 
 fleshy, conical, then flattened, umbonate, smooth, at length spotted ; 
 margin radiato-striate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., violaceous, becoming 
 whitish, equal, flexuose, subrigid, fibrilloso-striate with the adpressed 
 veil, which forms an oblique, fugacious, white ring. Cortina white, 
 fibrillose. Gills dark violaceous, or purplish, then cinnamon, adnate, 
 6-8 mm. broad, distant, white- serrated at the edge. Flesh yellowish, 
 thin. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5/t, multi-guttu- 
 late, "nearly spinulose " Rick. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Oct. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ***St. and veil reddish or yellow. Gills tawny, or cinnamon, 
 never violaceous, nor becoming brown. 
 
 464. C. (Tela.) armillatus Fr. (= Cortinarius haematochelis (Bull.) Fr.) 
 Fr. Icon. t. 158, fig. 1. Armillatus, having a bracelet. 
 
 P. 4-12 cm., red- or fuscous-brick colour, fleshy, cylindrical, then 
 campanulate, at length flattened, often gibbous, smooth, then innately 
 fibrillose, or squamulose; margin at first incurved. St. 6-15 x 1-2 cm., 
 white, becoming brownish with age, equal, base bulbous, the red veil 
 forming one to four distant, oblique cinnabar zones, striate when old, 
 and reddish fibrillose at the base. Cortina reddish white, fibrillose. 
 Gills pallid cinnamon, then dark ferruginous, almost bay brown, adnate, 
 slightly rounded, very broad, 10-15 mm., distant. Flesh dingy pallid, 
 isabelline in the St., thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, 
 elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/x, multi-guttulate, minutely verrucose. Smell 
 of radish, or none. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Common. 
 (v.v.)
 
 COBTINARIUS 173 
 
 465. C. (Tela.) paragaudis Fr. 
 
 Paragaudis, a border worked on a garment. 
 
 P. 2-5-7-5 cm., bay, becoming tawny or yellowish tan colour when dry, 
 fleshy, conical, then campanulate, and expanded, umbonate, often 
 repand and torn on the surface, fragile. St. 7-15 x 1-1-5 cm., brick- 
 red, becoming pale, reddish at the base, equal, or ventricose, curved 
 and somewhat twisted, or undulate and flexuose, covered with reddish 
 flocci, or squamules. Cortina whitish, fibrillose. Gills pale, then be- 
 coming dark cinnamon, adnate, separating, ventricose, crowded, or 
 subdistant, edge unequal. Flesh paler, thick at the disc. Spores 
 "subelliptical, 8-10 x 4-5 /*, punctate" Rick. Damp places under 
 pines. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 var. praestigiosus Fr. Praestigiosus, delusive. 
 
 Differs from the type in the submembranaceous pileus being striate 
 to the disc, in the thin stem, 2-3 mm. thick, and the tawny cinnamon, 
 linear gills. Under pines, and amongst Scirpus caespitosus. Rare. 
 
 466. C. (Tela.) croceo-fulvus (DC.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1191, t. 1193. 
 
 tcpo/cos, saffron ;fulvus, tawny. 
 
 P. 510 cm., orange-tawny, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtusely 
 umbonate, or gibbous, smooth. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-18 mm., yellow, 
 becoming reddish, equal, veil forming a rufous orange zone, apex pale. 
 Gills becoming ferruginous, adnate, slightly sinuate, 6-8 mm. broad, 
 rather distant. Flesh bright yellow. Spores obovate, 8-10 x 6/i, 
 rough. Woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 467. C. (Tela.) limonius Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 159, fig. 1. 
 
 Limonius, lemon-yellow. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., tawny lemon yellow, ochraceous yellow and opaque when 
 dry, very hygrophanous, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth when 
 moist, rimosely incised when dry. St. 6-8 cm. x 12 mm., yellow, equal, 
 base attenuated or thickened, and at length deep saffron, fioccosely scaly 
 with the light yellow veil, which often forms a floccose ring at the apex. 
 Gills yellow, or light yellow, at length tawny cinnamon, adnate, rarely 
 emarginate, distant. Flesh concolorous, soft. Spores golden tawny, 
 elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/n, minutely echinulate. Smell slight of radish, 
 or none. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Tin common, (v.v.) 
 
 468. C. (Tela.) helvolus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 802, t. 804, fig. B. 
 
 Helvolus, pale yellow. 
 
 P. 3-7-5 cm., dark tawny cinnamon, very pale yellow when dry, 
 fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, smooth; margin 
 incurved, at first cortinate. St. 5-20 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, at 
 length fuscous ferruginous, equal, either attenuated upwards, or at 
 the base, fibrillose, girt above with an annular, narrow, oblique,
 
 174 COBTINABIUS 
 
 ferruginous, margined zone formed by the woven veil. Gills tawny, then 
 dark cinnamon, very emarginate, 8 mm. broad, distant, thick, often 
 veined at the base, opaque. Flesh tawny, firm, fuscous ferruginous in 
 the st. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/Lt, verrucose " Rick. 
 Woods, and wooded pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 469. C. (Tela.) hinnuleus (Sow.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 803, t. 805. 
 
 Hinnuleus, a young stag. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., pallid tawny cinnamon, becoming pale, shining when dry, 
 fleshy, campanulato-expanded, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, some- 
 times depressed at the disc, smooth ; margin at first silky and white. 
 St. 2-5-10 cm. x 4-12 mm., dingy tawny, or fuscous, equal, or attenu- 
 ated downwards, rigid, white-silky with the adpressed silky veil, and 
 white-zoned above with the membranqceous, or fibrillose veil, which is 
 often oblique, or fugacious. Gills ochraceous, then tawny ferruginous, 
 more or less emarginato-adnexed, 8-10 mm. broad, distant, thin, often 
 connected by veins. Flesh concolorous, often reddish in the st., thick 
 at the disc, firm. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 6-7 /A, 
 granular. Smell strong, slightly of radish, or none. Taste mild, then 
 slightly acrid. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 470. C. (Tela.) gentilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 159, fig. 2. 
 
 Gentilis, of the same race. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., tawny cinnamon, yellow when dry, very hygrophanous, 
 fleshy, conico-expanded, then flattened, acutely umbonate, rimosely 
 incised, often somewhat silky. St. 6-9 cm. x 2-8 mm., concolorous, 
 equal, or attenuated at the base, often curved, fibrillose, veil forming 
 one or more oblique, yellow annular zones, sometimes floccoso-scaly 
 below the ring, base white tomentose. Gills yellow, then tawny cinna- 
 mon, adnate, thick, very distant, often connected by veins. Flesh con- 
 colorous, thin at the margin. Spores bright ochraceous, elliptical, or 
 pip-shaped, 7-8 x 6/x, granular, 1-guttulate. Gregarious. Woods, 
 especially pines, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 471. C. (Tela.) helvelloides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 159, fig. 3. 
 
 Helvella, the genus Helvella; eZSo?, like. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., ferruginous, becoming tawny when dry, submembranaceous, 
 convex, then flattened, umbonate, smooth, rarely fibrillose when 
 young, substriate when moist, cracked and squarrose when more fully 
 grown. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., subferruginous, equal, very undulate 
 and flexuose, apex white silky and glittering, veil forming a yellow, 
 ring-like zone at the apex. Gills violaceous umber, then ferruginous, 
 adnate, rather broad, very thick, very distant, edge white-fioccose. Flesh 
 ferruginous in the St., very thin at the disc. Spores ferruginous, 
 "elliptical, 9-10 x 5-5-5/Lt, verrucose" Rick. Moist woods. Aug. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 COBTINARITJS 175 
 
 472. C. (Tela.) rubellus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 806, t. 835. 
 
 Rubellus, reddish. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., rufous orange, darker at the umbo, fleshy, campanulate, 
 then expanded. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., pale above, darker below, equal, 
 or attenuated upwards, marked with concentric, dark ferruginous, 
 fibrillose bands. Gills pale, then bright ferruginous red, adnate, sinuate, 
 rather narrow, scarcely crowded. Flesh reddish ochre, thick at the 
 disc. Spores ferruginous, pyriform, 8 x 5/x,, minutely rough. Swampy 
 places. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 ****St. becoming fuscous, veil fuscous, or dirty, gills dark 
 coloured. 
 
 473. C. (Tela.) bovinus Fr. (= Cortinarius brunneus (Pers.) Fr. sec Bar- 
 
 bier.) Cke. Illus. no. 807, t. 822. Bovinus, pertaining to oxen. 
 P. 6-12 cm., watery cinnamon, becoming tawny when dry, convex, 
 then plane, obtuse, or gibbous, smooth, fragile, opaque, hygrophanous. 
 St. 6-8 x 2-2-5 cm., dingy pallid, becoming fuscous cinnamon, very 
 bulbous, veil forming a simple, interwoven fuscous zone, apex whitish. 
 Gills cinnamon, becoming dark, adnexed, very broad, 12 mm., distant. 
 Flesh pallid, watery, thick at the disc, spongy in the st. Spores pale 
 ferruginous, elliptical, 9-13 x 6-7 /A, coarsely verrucose. Pine, and 
 deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 474. C. (Tela.) nitrosus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 808, t. 837. 
 
 Nitrosus, full of natron. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., fawn colour, or tawny, disc darker and brownish, fleshy, 
 obtuse, convex, then expanded, margin undulate, soon breaking up 
 into minute, subconcentric darker scales. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., ochraceous, 
 base darker, subequal, marked below with concentric darker squamose 
 bands. Gills violet, then watery cinnamon, emarginate, rather broad, 
 subdistant. Flesh pale brown, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, ellip- 
 tical, 12 x 4jLt. Smell stinking, nitrous. Mixed woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 475. C. (Tela.) brunneus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 810, t. 854. 
 
 Brunneus, brown. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., umber, dirty brick tan colour when dry, fleshy, cam- 
 panulate, then expanded, disc obtusely umbonate, smooth, innately 
 fibrillose towards the margin. St. 6-10 cm. x 8-12 mm., becoming 
 fuscous, clavate, or attenuated upwards from the thickened base, 
 elastic, covered with dense, minute white striae, veil dingy white, forming 
 a brownish white, ring-like zone. Gills dark purple cinnamon, then brown, 
 at length umber brown, adnate, then adnexed, 10-15 mm. broad, thick, 
 distant, often transversely veined, broadest in the middle. Flesh 
 pallid fuscous, thick only at the umbonate disc. Spores ferruginous,
 
 176 CORTINARIUS 
 
 broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/i, minutely verrucose. Woods, heaths, 
 and swampy places. Sept. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 476. C. (Tela.) injucundus (Weinm.) Fr. (= Cortinarius brunneus 
 
 (Pers.) Fr. sec. Barbier.) Cke. Illus. no. 809, t. 823. 
 
 Injucundus, unpleasant. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., fuscous cinnamon, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, 
 fibrillose. St. 6-10 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, then tawny yellow, clavate, 
 attenuated upwards, covered with fuscous fibrils, veil fuscous. Gills 
 lilac tan, then cinnamon, emarginate, very broad, 8-10 mm. Flesh 
 pale reddish, compact, firm. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, or pip- 
 shaped, 10-11 x 5-6 p,, granular. Smell musty, or pleasant. Fir 
 woods, and under conifers. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 477. C. (Tela.) brunneofulvus Fr. Brunneus, brown ;fulvus, tawny. 
 P. 5-11 cm., tawny cinnamon, scarcely changing colour when dry, 
 
 fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, smooth, 
 minutely fibrilloso-virgate with innate addressed hairs under a lens, 
 margin at first white, fibrillose. St. 710 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, or 
 paler, attenuated upwards, fibrillosely striate, veil dingy white, forming 
 a fugacious zone. Gills tawny cinnamon, opaque, adnate, very broad, 
 12-20 mm., subdistant, soft. Flesh pale tawny, thin. Spores ferru- 
 ginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4 5ju,, granular. Woods, heaths, and swampy 
 places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 478. C. (Tela.) glandicolor Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 812, t. 789. 
 
 Glans, acorn; color, colour. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., brown, or cinnamon-brown, tan colour or isabelline when 
 dry, submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, generally obtusely 
 umbonate, soon glabrous; margin striate when moist, sprinkled with 
 thin, short, white fibrils when dry. St. 7-12-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., con- 
 colorous, at length date brown fuscous, equal, straight, sometimes undu- 
 late, fibrillosely striate, veil forming a woven, white, distant, fugacious 
 ring. Gills concolorous, or umber, adnate, rounded in front, very dis- 
 tant, somewhat thick, up to 8 mm. broad. Flesh concolorous, very thin. 
 Spores "tawny, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6 /it, rough " Bataille. Pine woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 var. curtus Fr. Curtus, shortened. 
 
 Differs from the type in the umbo of the p. becoming somewhat black, 
 
 and in the short (2-5 cm.)flexuose st., peronate and zoned by the white veil. 
 
 479. C. (Tela.) punctatus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 813, t. 855. 
 
 Punctatus, dotted. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., hoary umber, becoming pale, tan colour when dry, sub- 
 membranaceous, conico-convex, umbo scarcely prominent, smooth,
 
 CORTINARIUS 177 
 
 at length punctate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellow fuscous, equal, 
 undulated, fibrillose; girt with a pallid fuscous zone from the fugacious 
 veil. Gills brown cinnamon, adnate, very distant. Flesh yellowish, 
 thin, firm. Spores ochraceous, "elliptical, 10-12 x 7-Sfi, punctate- 
 warted" Rick. Smell strong. Pine, and beech woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 II. Gills narrow, thin, more or less crowded. P. thin. St. externally 
 
 more rigid, subcartilaginous, often attenuated downwards. 
 
 *St. whitish, pallid, not floccosely scaly. 
 
 480. C. (Tela.) trifonnis Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 814, t. 790, as var. 
 Schaefferi Fr. Triformis, three formed. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., fawn colour, brownish, or livid yellowish, then yellowish 
 or honey colour, isabelline, or dingy tan when dry, very hygrophanous, 
 fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or slightly gibbous, superficially 
 fibrillose, or becoming smooth, at length punctate-dotted, opaque. 
 St. 7-5 cm. x 12 mm., pallid, subbulbous, fragile, rather smooth, 
 ringed upwards with the woven veil, ring distant, white. Gills watery 
 honey colour, then watery cinnamon, adnate, subemarginate, ventricose, 
 8 mm. broad, subdistant, often connected by veins. Flesh whitish, 
 thin, spongy in the st. Spores ferruginous, " fusif orm-elliptical, 9- 
 10 x 4-5/x " Rick. Woods, especially beech. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 var. fusco-paUens Fr. Fuscus, dark; pollens, pale. 
 
 Differs from the type in the fuscous, umbonate p. becoming pale, and 
 in the narrow (2-4 mm.), watery white gills. Coniferous woods. 
 
 var. melleo-pallens Fr. Melkus, honey colour; palkns, pale. 
 
 Differs from the type in the moist, isabelline yellow p. becoming 
 yellow, in the striate margin and the pallid yellowish, fragile st. Pine 
 woods. 
 
 481. C. (Tela.) bifonnis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 815, t. 869. 
 
 Biformis, two formed. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., dark, or ferruginous brown, pale date brown and shining 
 when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate, at length 
 expanded, acutely umbonate, firm, smooth, rarely covered with fuga- 
 cious fibrils. St. 5-10 cm. x 68 mm., paler than the p., attenuated 
 downwards, distinctly striate, adpressedly fibrillose, firm. Ring white, 
 distinct, oblique, interwoven, sometimes obsolete. Gills grey, then 
 watery cinnamon, adnate, or emarginate, attenuated behind, connected 
 by veins, 6 mm. broad, rather crowded, edge often crenulate. Flesh 
 brownish, becoming pale, very thin except at the disc. Spores pale 
 ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4|u,, minutely punctate. Pine, and 
 mixed woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 B. B. B. 12
 
 178 CORTINABIUS 
 
 482. C. (Tela.) fallax Quel. Grevillea, t. 128, fig. 6. 
 
 Fallax, deceptive. 
 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., yellow, then cream ochraceous, campanulato-convex. 
 St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., whitish cream colour, flexuose, silky, lilac and 
 satiny above the ring. Ring white, narrow, fugacious. Gills cream 
 colour, then ochraceous, adnate, ventricose. Flesh white, thin. Spores 
 straw colour, ovoid pruniform, 8/Lt, punctate. Woods. 
 
 **St. inclining to violet. 
 
 483. C. (Tela.) periscelis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 816, t, 838. 
 
 7Tpi(TK\i<;, a garter. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., lilac, tawny at the disc, violaceous at the margin, fleshy, 
 hygrophanous, campanulate, then convex, umbonate, submembra- 
 naceous, covered with white silky fibrils. St. 7-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., 
 concolorous, becoming fuscous when dry, equal, straight, fibrillose, the 
 fuscous veil forming several ^fibrillose zones, base white-villous. Gills 
 pallid, then dark ferruginous, adnate, narrow, crowded. Flesh pale 
 tawny, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8- 9 x 4-5/x, 1-2-guttulate. 
 Woods, bogs, and under beeches. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 484. C. (Tela.) flexipes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 817, t. 824, fig. A. 
 
 Flexus, bent; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., dark date-brown fuscous, or inclining to violaceous, be- 
 coming pale, very pale yellow when dry, becoming tan when old, fleshy, 
 at first conical and acute, then expanded and acutely umbonate, at 
 length depressed round the umbo, hoary fibrillose, finally naked, 
 torn when old. St. 6-10 cm. x 4 mm., pallid, violaceous throughout, 
 or at the apex, equal, flexuose, fioccoso-scaly below the ring; ring white, 
 woven, distinct. Gills purple, or umber violaceous, then cinnamon, 
 adnate, subdistant, edge whitish. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores 
 tawny, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4-5 /A, rough, 1-guttulate. Woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 485. C. (Tela.) flabellum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 817, t. 824, fig. B. 
 
 Flabellum, a small fan. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., olivaceous fuscous, tan when dry, submembranaceous, 
 conical, then flattened, generally acutely umbonate, at first covered 
 with white, superficial, separating scales, silky when dry, at length 
 rimosely incised, torn into fibrils. St. 5-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, 
 becoming violet at the apex, equal, undulated, flexuose, fioccosely scaly, 
 Veil white, inferior, giving rise to the scales on the stem, terminating 
 in a ring which is sometimes perfect and entire, sometimes woven and 
 oblique, and sometimes wanting. Gills dark violaceous, then cinnamon, 
 and at length ferruginous, adnate, linear, narrow, crowded. Flesh paler, 
 very thin. Spores "elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /u, minutely punctate" Rick. 

 
 COBTINARIUS 179 
 
 Smell strong, somewhat of radish. Gregarious. Woods, especially 
 beech, and damp places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 ***St. and p. tawny, ferruginous. 
 
 486. C. (Tela.) psammocephalus Fr. non Bull. Cke. Illus. no. 818, 
 t. 839, fig. A. ^a//,yu,o<?, sand; K(j)a\^, head. 
 
 Entirely tawny cinnamon, becoming pale and somewhat golden when 
 dry. P. 2-5-5 cm., fleshy, convex, then plane, at length umbonate and 
 revolute, broken up into minute furfuraceous squamules. St. 2-5- 
 5 cm. x 4-8 mm., somewhat attenuated downwards, sheathed with 
 the continuous, squamulose veil. Cortina fibrillose. Gills at length 
 darker, umber cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, 4 mm. broad, crowded. 
 Flesh concolorous, or yellowish, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 
 9-10 x 5-6ju, 1-2-guttulate, minutely verrucose. Woods, and char- 
 coal heaps. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 487. C. (Tela.) incisus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 160, fig. 1. 
 
 Incisus, cut into. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., tawny ferruginous, opaque, more rarely date brown, or 
 olivaceous fuscous, fleshy, conico-convex, then expanded, very acutely 
 or obsoletely umbonate, naked, then, especially in dry weather, torn 
 into fibrils, or scales, even and shining when scorched by the sun. St. 
 2-5-10 cm. x 2-6 mm., tawny or ochraceous, equal, flexuose, fibrillose, 
 veil forming a woven, white ring, sometimes obsolete. Gills cinnamon- 
 ferruginous, adnate, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores 
 ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/n, 1-guttulate, rough. Subcaespitose, 
 or in troops. Woods, heaths, and dried up swamps. Sept. Oct. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 488. C. (Tela.) iliopodius Fr. tXv?, mud; TTOU?, foot. 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., opaque cinnamon, tan when dry, fleshy, conical, then 
 
 expanded, generally acutely umbonate, silky with hoary fibrils, then 
 becoming smooth. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., tawny, becoming fus- 
 cous, subcartilaginous, equal, flexuose, elastic, sheathed to the middle 
 by the white veil which becomes even and silky, cortinately ringed 
 where the sheathing ends, apex naked, fibrillosely striate. Gills cinna- 
 mon, adnate, thin, somewhat crowded. Flesh of st. saffron cinnamon, 
 thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /x, with a large central 
 gutta, punctate. Woods, especially pine and beech. July Dec. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ****St. floccosely scaly, and, as well as the p., fuscous. 
 
 489. C. (Tela.) hemitrichus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 820, t. 825. 
 
 r)jj,t,, half; Opil;, hair. 
 
 P. 2-5-8 cm., dark fuscous, fuscous tan when dry, umbo generally 
 persistently dark, fleshy, convexo-expanded, acutely or obtusely 
 
 122
 
 180 CORTINARITJS 
 
 umbonate, or wholly obtuse, often umbilicate in large specimens, 
 covered wholly, or only round the margin, with white, fibrillose, curled, 
 erect, superficial fiocci, then becoming smooth. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-8 mm., 
 concolorous, equal, firm, white fiocculose below the ring. Ring shining 
 white, median, woven, often membranaceous and reflexed. Gills clay 
 colour ("bluish clay" Quel.), then cinnamon, adnate, ventricose at the 
 base, rounded, 6 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh concolorous, be- 
 coming paler, thick at the disc. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5- 
 6fji, punctate. Taste mild. Woods, heaths, and boggy ground, especi- 
 ally under birches. April Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 490. C. (Tela.) stemmatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 160, fig. 3. 
 
 arefifia, a wreath. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., date brown, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, convex, then 
 flattened, obtuse, fragile, hoary silky round the margin when moist, 
 fibrillose when dry. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., ferruginous date brown, 
 equal, or slightly attenuated at the base, often curved, soft, generally 
 floccosely squamulose with two to four white ring-like zones, sometimes 
 naked, apex paler, becoming silky even. Gills date brown, opaque, 
 narrow, 4 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh ferruginous date brown, 
 thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 5-6/z, 
 punctate. Moist woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 491. C. (Tela.) rigidus (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Urns. no. 822, t. 791. 
 
 Rigidus, stiff. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., bay cinnamon, fuscous when decaying, pale yellow, or 
 fuscous tan colour when dry, fleshy, conical, then convex, and expanded, 
 acutely or obtusely umbonate, or quite obtuse, at length depressed 
 round the umbo, smooth, becoming broken up into scales when fully 
 grown, margin at length pellucidly striate, at first silky from the white 
 veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-5 mm., concolorous, or becoming fuscous, or 
 pale, equal, straight, or flexuose, adpressedly fibrillose, girt with the 
 squamose, white veil. Ring white, floccose, sometimes membrana- 
 ceous. Gills cream colour, then cinnamon, adnate, broad, plane, some- 
 what crowded, often connected by veins. Flesh concolorous, thin at the 
 margin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/u,, minutely punc- 
 tate. Smell strong, taste mild. Woods, and heaths, especially under 
 birches. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 492. C. (Tela.) paleaceus (Weinm.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 160, fig. 4. 
 
 Paleaceus, chaffy. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., fuscous, dingy when dry, very hygrophanous, sub- 
 membranaceous, conical, then expanded, acutely or obtusely umbo- 
 nate, silky with white, superficial squamuks, the remains of the veil, 
 becoming smooth, opaque. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous,
 
 CORTINARIUS 181 
 
 paler when young, tough, equal, undulate, squamulose with white flocci, 
 base white-villose. Ring white, fibrillosely floccose, fugacious. Gills 
 pallid-whitish, then cinnamon, adnate, broad, crowded. Flesh con- 
 colorous, very thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, broadly ellip- 
 tical, 7-8 x 4-5 /u,, rough. Smell weak. Woods, especially beech, and 
 birch, also on boggy heaths. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 493. C. (Tela.) penicillatus (Fr.) Quel. (= Cortinarius (Inoloma) peni- 
 cillatus Fr.) Penicillatus, pencilled. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., ferruginous fuscous, tawny when dry, fleshy, convex, 
 minutely umbonate, dry, densely fioccoso-scaly with dark, innate, ferru- 
 ginous fibrils. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., paler than the p., equal, 
 fragile, squamose to the apical ring with adpressed, fuscous, ferruginous, 
 concentric scales, paler and adpressedly silky above the ring. Gills 
 ochraceous, then cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, then separating, plane, 
 6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores 
 pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 5/i, minutely rough. Coniferous 
 woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 494. C. (Tela.) Iris Massee. tpis, the rainbow. 
 P. 2-3 cm., pale ochraceous brown, fleshy, hemispherical, then ex- 
 panded, acutely umbonate, silky, densely covered with minute white 
 fibrils, usually splitting at the margin. St. 5-7 cm. x 4 mm., orange 
 brown, conical, covered with concolorous, pointed, fibrillose squamules 
 below the bright brown, fibrillose ring, smooth, silky, and violet, becoming 
 pale above the ring. Gills dirty ochraceous, then bright orange brown, 
 very much cut out behind, slightly attached, moderately broad, 
 rather crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores orange brown, ellip- 
 tical, obliquely apiculate, 10 x 5/u,. Solitary or in clusters of two to 
 four. Woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 495. C. (Tela.) Cookei Quel. Cke. lUus. no. 821, t. 840, fig. B. 
 
 M. C. Cooke, the eminent English mycologist. 
 P. 1-2 cm., tawny yellow, conical, umbonate, fibrillose, covered with 
 a paler, shining, woolly veil. St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, equal, 
 flexuose, girt with several yellowish floccose zones. Gills violet, then 
 reddish, at length rust colour, adnate, 2-3 mm. broad, edge of ten floccose, 
 white. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7 x 3-5/Lt. 
 Damp woods. Rare. 
 
 6. Hydrocybe Fr. 
 
 (vSwp, water; KV^IJ, head.) 
 
 Pileus thinly fleshy, rarely compact, moist, hygrophanous, smooth, 
 or covered only with white, superficial fibrils. Stem not sheathed, 
 cortina rarely forming an arachnoid ring.
 
 182 CORTINARIUS 
 
 I. P. somewhat fleshy, convex, or campanulato-convex, then ex- 
 panded, obtuse, or at length gibbous; margin at first incurved. 
 St. for the most part attenuated upwards. 
 
 *St. white, cortina of the same colour. 
 
 496. C. (Hydro.) firmus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 824, t. 792. Firmus, firm. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., tawny ockraceous, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, 
 firm, smooth, shining, dry. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., shining white, firm, 
 somewhat elastic, base clavate, subbulbous, rarely equal, fibrillosely 
 striate. Cortina white, fibrillose, sparse, fugacious. Gills almost con- 
 colorous, emarginate, crowded, fairly broad, thin. Flesh white, thick, 
 compact. Spores ferruginous, "tear-drop shaped, 9/z, minutely echinu- 
 late " Quel. Smell of horse-radish. Woods, and grassy places. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 497. C. (Hydro.) subferrugineus (Batsch) Fr. 
 
 Sub, somewhat ; ferrugineus, rust-colour. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., ferruginous, or watery cinnamon, either tawny and 
 shining when dry, or becoming pale, more or less hygrophanous, fleshy, 
 convex, then expanded, obtuse, flexuose, firm. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., 
 pallid, more or less bulbous, attenuated upwards, adpressedly fibril- 
 lose, rigid, subcartilaginous. Cortina white, fibrillose, marginal, very 
 fugacious. Gills pallid, soon watery, then dark ferruginous, opaque, 
 very emarginate, often connected by veins, 6 mm. broad, more or less 
 crowded. Flesh dingy isabelline white, saffron yellow at the base of the 
 St., scissile, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4- 
 5 ft, 1-guttulate, "warted" Rick. Smell strong, taste unpleasant. 
 Deciduous woods, and amongst rotting pine leaves. Sept. Oct. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 498. C. (Hydro.) armeniacus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 826, t. 793. 
 
 Armeniacum, the apricot. 
 
 P. 5-12 cm., tawny cinnamon, ochraceous when dry, fleshy, rigid, 
 campanulate, then convex and flattened, broadly and obtusely umbo- 
 nate, smooth, here and there slightly striate at the margin. St. 
 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, conico-attenuated, fibrillose, subcartilaginous, 
 rigid, elastic. Cortina white, somewhat sheathing, collapsing and form- 
 ing an adpressed, silky zone. Gills pallid, then tawny cinnamon, 
 shining, adnate, at length slightly rounded, rather broad, crowded. 
 Flesh somewhat concolorous, thin at the margin, scissile. Spores ferru- 
 ginous, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5/A, granular. Woods, especially pine. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. falsarius Fr. Falsarius, deceptive. 
 
 Differs from the type in the light yellowish p. becoming white when dry.
 
 CORTINARIUS 183 
 
 499. C. (Hydro.) damascenus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 827, t. 856. 
 
 Damascenus, a damson. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., bay cinnamon, disc often darker, becoming brick-red when 
 dry, firm, convex, then plane, globose, obtuse, or very obtusely 
 umbonate, smooth, generally rivulosely squamulose when dry. St. 
 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, quite cylindrical, equal, firm, elastic, fibrillose. 
 Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills pallid, then pale cinnamon, 
 adnate, narrower in front, thin, subdistant, opaque. Flesh white, 
 firm, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 12 x 6/A. 
 Taste acrid. Subcaespitose. Grassy places in woods, and pastures. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 500. C. (Hydro.) privignus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 828, t. 827. 
 
 Privignus, a step-son. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm.., fuscous, becoming hoary-pale with a very thin white film, 
 pallid tan when dry, very fragile', fleshy, convex, then flattened, often 
 reflexed and undulate, obtusely umbonate, dry, very hygrophanous. 
 St. 5-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., silvery-pale, equal, or attenuated upwards, 
 often twisted, white-silky. Cortina white, silky. Gills watery, then 
 opaque cinnamon, adnate, broad, not crowded, edge white-fimbriate, 
 serrate. Flesh white, hygrophanous, thin at the margin, fragile. Spores 
 pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 4-5ju, punctate, 1-guttulate. 
 Smell unpleasant. Taste scarcely acrid. Pine, and oak woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 501. C. (Hydro.) duracinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 829, t. 809. 
 
 Duracinus, hard-berried. 
 
 P. 47 cm., watery brick colour, tan when dry, always opaque, fleshy, 
 campanulate, or convex, then plane, gibbous, or with a broad, obtuse 
 umbo, with an elevated ridge at the circumference, caused by the margin 
 being at first sharply and regularly bent inwards to the breadth of 
 1 mm. and white-silky, then becoming flattened and naked; cuticle 
 hard, rigid, fragile. St. 5-8 x 1-1 -5 cm., pale white, hard, fusiform, 
 or subbulbous, rooting at the attenuated base, smooth, rigid, with a thick, 
 cartilaginous, rigid, separable cuticle (the fragments of which when it 
 breaks up become revolute). Cortina white, appearing only as a nar- 
 row zone round the margin of the p. Gills whitish, then watery cinna- 
 mon, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad, moderately crowded; edge often white, 
 irregular. Flesh white, then tinged reddish, thick at the disc. Spores 
 ferruginous, " elliptical- almond-shaped, 10-11x5-6/4, punctate" 
 Rick. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 502. C. (Hydro.) ffluminus Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 830, t. 841. 
 
 Illuminus, dull. 
 
 P. 48 cm., pale brick-red, or tawny cinnamon, brick-red tan when dry, 
 somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, gibbous, or obtusely umbonate
 
 184 CORTINABITJS 
 
 smooth, minutely innato-fibrillose and virgate under a lens, moist. 
 St. 7-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., pallid, becoming ferruginous or yellowish, 
 attenuated upwards, sometimes twisted, fibrillosely silky, base white. 
 Cortina white, fibrillose, evident. Gills pale reddish tan, then cinnamon, 
 adnate, scarcely crowded, 4-10 mm. broad, often veined at the base. 
 Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores "ferruginous, subelliptical, 
 9-10 x 4-5/i, punctate " Rick. Pine, and deciduous woods. Sept. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 503. C. (Hydro.) tortuosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 161, fig. 1. 
 
 Tortuosus, twisted. 
 
 P. 3-7-5 cm., ferruginous bay, somewhat shining, dull ochraceous 
 when dry, submembranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, acutely 
 or obtusely umbonate, convex, or revolute, smooth, moist. St. 7- 
 10 cm. x 6-8 mm., silvery, becoming pale, apex at first tinged with 
 fugacious lilac, fragile, equal, generally twisted, naked, rooting. Gills 
 shining tawny, then ferruginous, becoming blood red when rubbed, 
 adnate, separating, 4-8 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, 
 thin, fragile. Spores ferruginous, " subelliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 /A, spinu- 
 lose " Rick. Damp places in pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 504. C. (Hydro.) dilutus (Pers.) Fr. GreviUea, t. 85, fig. 2. 
 
 Dilutus, diluted. 
 
 P. 4-5 cm., bay brown, or watery brick colour, tan colour when dry, 
 opaque, fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, umbo thin, 
 vanishing, silky and white at the margin, becoming smooth. St. 
 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish, opaque, slightly attenuated from the 
 base, white-silky, becoming smooth. Cortina white, silky, often col- 
 lapsing into patches, or forming spurious zones on the st. Gills ochra- 
 ceous, then pale cinnamon, deeply emarginate, very ventricose, 6-8 mm. 
 broad, crowded. Flesh white, becoming reddish, thin at the margin. 
 Spores brownish, "subglobose, 5-6 x 5/z, punctate " Rick. Decidu- 
 ous woods. Nov. Rare. 
 
 **St. and gills commonly inclining to violet. 
 
 505. C. (Hydro.) saturninus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 161, fig. 2. 
 
 Saturninus, dull. 
 
 P. 5-12 cm., dark bay-brown, somewhat umber when damp, soon 
 becoming pale brick colour, changing colour very much, fleshy, cam- 
 panulate, then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, superficially white, 
 silky round the margin when young. St. 5-8 x 1-2-5 cm., deep violet, 
 becoming white, firm, thickened downwards, sometimes bulboso- ventri- 
 cose, fibrittosely striate. Cortina white, fibrillose, inferior, abundant. 
 Gills purplish, then watery ferruginous, rounded-adfixed, very broad, 
 8 mm., crowded, thin, fragile, edge often whitefloccose. Flesh violaceous,
 
 CORTINARIUS 185 
 
 then whitish, thin at the margin. Spores yellowish ferruginous, 
 "almond shaped, 10-12 x 5-6 /A, punctate" Rick. Often subcaespi- 
 tose. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 506. C. (Hydro.) sciophyllus Fr. (= Cortinarius saturninus Fr. var. 
 sciophyllus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 161, fig. 3. 
 
 <TKid, shade; <fjv\\ov, leaf. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., dark sky blue fuscous, or steel blue, fleshy, convex, then 
 expanded, obtuse, at first white silky round the margin from the 
 veil. St. 5-7 x 1 cm., violaceous, becoming ferruginous at the base, 
 attenuated upwards from the thickened base. Cortina white, very 
 abundant, collapsing and leaving many, Telamonia-like, white zones 
 on the st. Gills dark umber, adnate, narrow, 1-2 mm. broad, attenuated 
 from the st. to the margin, crowded. Flesh pale umber, thick at the 
 disc. Spores "ochraceous, elliptical, or subglobose, 8-9 x 6-8/1,, 
 granular " Bataille. Smell somewhat strong. Gregarious, or sub- 
 caespitose. Beech woods. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 507. C. (Hydro.) imbutus Fr. (= Cortinarius bicolor Cke. sec. Bataille.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 834, t. 870. Imbutus, saturated. 
 
 P. 510 cm., toast brown, then pale yellowish, fleshy, convex, obtuse, 
 smooth, obsoletely hoary-fibrillose towards the margin. St. 4-7 x 1- 
 2 cm., whitish, equal, sometimes twisted, scarcely fibrillose, apex pale 
 violaceous. Cortina white, appendiculate at the margin of the p. and 
 on the apex of the st., fugacious. Gills dark bluish grey, or violaceous 
 cinereous, then watery cinnamon, rounded, 6 mm. broad, with narrower 
 and shorter ones intermixed, subdistant. Flesh dingy, violaceous only at 
 the apex of the st., subequal. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/z. 
 Woods. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 508. C. (Hydro.) castaneus (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 117. 
 
 Kaaravov, the chestnut tree. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., fuscous chestnut, becoming pale and silky when dry, 
 shining, umbo becoming black, paler at the slightly scalloped margin, 
 and often white silky with the cortina, fleshy, firm, almost pliant, 
 campanulate, then flattened, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, rarely 
 umbilicate, often irregular, smooth. St. 4-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid 
 violaceous, or pallid rufescent, subequal, rarely thickened at the base 
 and rooting, cartilaginous, slightly fibrillose with the veil. Cortina 
 white, fibrillose, scanty. Gills violaceous, then ferruginous, adnate, or 
 emarginate, 4-6 mm. broad, thin, crowded, edge often whitish. Flesh 
 violaceous, darker under the cuticle of the p., thin. Spores ferruginous, 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/x,, minutely verrucose. Taste pleasant. Edible. 
 Gregarious, sometimes caespitose. Woods, pastures, and roadsides. 
 June Nov. Common, (v.v.)
 
 186 COBTINABIUS 
 
 509. C. (Hydro.) bicolor Cke. (= Cortinarius imbutus Fr. sec. Bataille.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 836, t. 871. Bicolor, two coloured. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., dingy whitish, with an occasional tinge of lilac, fleshy, 
 campanulate, then expanded, broadly or acutely umbonate, some- 
 what fragile, smooth, silky shining. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-10 mm., pallid 
 violet, becoming whitish, equal, or attenuated downwards. Cortina 
 white, fugacious. Gills purplish violet, then cinnamon, adnate with a 
 tooth, subventricose, rather broad, scarcely crowded, slightly eroded 
 at the edge. Flesh colour of the pileus, or paler, bright purplish at the 
 base of the St., pallid above, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, a little 
 attenuated towards one or both ends, 9-15 x 5-7 p., minutely verru- 
 cose. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ***St. and somewhat obsolete veil yellow or rufous. 
 
 510. C. (Hydro.) balaustinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 837, t. 794. 
 
 /3a\avcmov, the flower of the wild pomegranate. 
 P. 3-8 cm., reddish ferruginous, tawny brick-red and shining when 
 dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, moist, fibrillosely virgate 
 under a lens. St. 58 cm. x 10-12 mm., pale and streaked with red 
 when young, becoming ferruginous, often curved, clavately bulbous, or 
 attenuated upwards, firm. Cortina reddish. Gills reddish, then ferru- 
 ginous red, adnate, broad behind, somewhat crowded, at length sub- 
 distant. Flesh ferruginous in the st., thin. Spores ferruginous, "sub- 
 6-7 x 5-6/n, punctate " Kick. Beech woods. Oct. Un- 
 
 511. C. (Hydro.) colus Fr. Paulet, t. 99. Colus, distaff. 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., brown rufescent, paler brick colour and shining when 
 
 dry, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate. 
 St. 8-10 cm. x 4 mm., paler than the p., subbulbous, equally attenuated 
 upwards, base encircled with the blood red mycelium, sometimes rooting, 
 stiff, longitudinally fbrillose with fibrils of the same colour as the p. 
 Cortina tawny reddish, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills pale, then dark cinna- 
 mon, adnate, scarcely sinuate, 6 mm. broad, plane, firm, tough, rather 
 thick, scarcely crowded, veined at the base. Flesh concolorous, dingy 
 whitish when dry, thin. Spores ochrey-cinnamon, "dark under the 
 microscope, 9-10 x 5-6/*, almost spinulose, cystidia on edge of gill 
 vesiculose, 25-36 x 12-15ju, " Rick. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 512. C. (Hydro.) isabellinus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 839, t. 829. 
 
 Isabellinus, dirty linen colour. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., yellowish, honey colour, yellow and shining when dry, 
 fleshy, convex, subumbonate, smooth. St. 710 cm. x 8 mm., yellow- 
 ish, equal, very rigid, firm, striate. Cortina concolorous, sparse, very
 
 CORTINARIUS 187 
 
 fugacious. Gills yellow, then day cinnamon, adnate, broad, thin, sub- 
 distant, edge often yellowish. Flesh cream colour, firm. Spores "ellip- 
 tical, 7-9 x 4-5/A, rough " Bataille. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 513. C. (Hydro.) renidens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 162, fig. 1. 
 
 Renidens, glistening. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., ferruginous tawny, ochraceous when dry, or only becoming 
 pale at the disc, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, or gibbous, rarely 
 umbilicate, very smooth, shining. St. 4-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., pale 
 yellowish, then tawny, firm, equal, subcartilaginous, splitting up into 
 fibrils of the same colour as the p. Cortina yellow, laxly fibrillose, 
 fugacious. Gills pallid cinnamon, then tawny, adnate, separating free, 
 6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh paler, thin, scissile. Spores 
 dark ochraceous, "subglobose, 6-7 x 6/A, minutely warted " Rick. 
 Smell weak. Deciduous woods. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 514. C. (Hydro.) angulosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 162, fig. 2. 
 
 Angulosus, full of corners. 
 
 P. 48 cm., reddish tawny, somewhat variegated with darker spots, 
 opaque tawny yellow when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, very obtuse, 
 repand, hygrophanous, fragile, very smooth ; margin membranaceous, 
 splitting, flexuose. St. 3-7 cm. x 4-8 mm., somewhat tawny, firm, 
 equal, often twisted, striate. Cortina tawny, very fugacious. Gills 
 tawny, adnate, 6-8 mm. broad, thick, subdistant, fragile. Flesh yellow- 
 ish white, darker in the St., thin, firm. Spores ferruginous, "roundish- 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/4, minutely warted " Rick. Coniferous woods. 
 Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 var. gracilescens Fr. Gracilescens, becoming slender. 
 
 Differs from the type in the st. being attenuated at the base. Pine 
 woods. 
 
 ****St. inclining to fuscous ; cortina pallid, dirty, or white, 
 not yellow, gills dark. 
 
 515. C. (Hydro.) uraceus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 162, fig. 3. Uro, I burn. 
 P. 25 cm., umber, or brown, sometimes olivaceous, somewhat shining, 
 
 becoming brick colour when young, commonly tan or isabelline when dry, 
 fleshy, conical, then campanulate and expanded, umbonate, or ob- 
 tuse, smooth often becoming subfibrillose. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., 
 fuscous, sometimes olivaceous, apex becoming pale, at length becoming 
 entirely fuscous black, cylindrical, quite equal, firm, fibrillosely striate 
 with paler striae, becoming smooth, apex naked. Cortina fuscous, 
 superior, fibrillose, rarely noticeable. Gills cinnamon brown, adnate, 
 ventricose, 6mm. broad, distant, firm; edge sometimes white and
 
 188 CORTINARIUS 
 
 fimbriately serrated. Flesh fuscous, darker in the St., thin. Spores 
 ferruginous, "subelliptical, 12-18 x 7-9jn, verrucose," Rick. Coni- 
 ferous woods. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 516. C. (Hydro.) jubarinus Fr. Jubar, radiance. 
 P. 3-7-5 cm., bright tawny cinnamon, shining, fleshy, campanulato- 
 
 flattened, obsoletely umbonate, often repand, undulate, at length 
 reflexed, disc depressed when large and old, smooth, becoming innately 
 fibrillose under a lens when old, silky round the margin when young. 
 St. 5-6 cm. x 4-12 mm., pale tawny, paler at the base and naked at the 
 apex, firm, equ.&l,fibrillosely striate. Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. 
 Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, 26 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh pale 
 tawny in the St., thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 
 78 x 4-5/i. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 517. C. (Hydro.) irregularis Fr. Irregularis, irregular. 
 
 P. 3-7-5 cm., brown ferruginous, tawny ferruginous when dry, fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, acutely umbonate, repand, at length depressed 
 round the umbo, dry, smooth, sometimes deformed, undulate, and 
 rugose, white silky round the membranaceous margin when young. 
 St. 5-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., brick-red, equal, rigid, longitudinally fibril- 
 losely striate, sometimes twisted, and attenuated downwards. Cor- 
 tina white, silky, sparse, sometimes peronate at the base of the st. 
 Gills watery, then dark ferruginous, adnate with a decurrent tooth, or 
 arcuato-decurrent, 4-8 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh pallid, thick 
 at the disc. Spores ferruginous, "almond-shaped-elliptical, 8-10 x 5 
 6/i, almost spinulose " Rick. Caespitose. Coniferous woods. Rare. 
 
 518. C. (Hydro.) pateriformis Fr. Patera, a saucer ; forma, shape. 
 P. 2-4 cm., fuscous chestnut, fleshy, orbicular, plane, then depressed, 
 
 very obtuse, rigid, dry, smooth, at first white silky round the margin. 
 St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., silvery white, becoming fuscous, firm, equal, 
 or attenuated at the base, straight, fibrillose, base white villose. Cortina 
 white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills brick-red, or watery cinnamon, adnate 
 with a decurrent tooth, plano-convex thin, crowded. Flesh pallid, 
 thin. Spores brownish ferruginous, elliptical, 9 x 4-5/z,, with a large 
 central gutta, "minutely warted " Rick. Grassy places in woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 519. C. (Hydro.) unimodus Britz. Unimodus, uniform. 
 P. 4-7 cm., reddish brown, campanulate, then convex, umbonate, 
 
 fibrillose. St. 8-11 cm. x 6 mm., concolorous, thickened at the base, 
 fibrillose. Gills brown, emarginato-adnate, distant. Spores "pruni- 
 form, 10-12 x 8/n, rough" Bataille. Woods, and grassy places. Sept. 
 Oct. Rare.
 
 CORTINABIUS 189 
 
 II. P. submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, umbonate, umbo 
 acute, or more rarely obtuse and vanishing; margin at first straight. 
 St. subequal, or attenuated at the base. 
 *St. white. 
 
 520. C. (Hydro.) dolabratus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 845, t. 811. 
 
 Dolabra, a pick-axe. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., brick-red, tan colour when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, 
 fragile, campanulate, then convex and expanded, smooth, superficially 
 silky near the margin. St. 10-15 x 1-2 cm., shining white, quite equal, 
 cylindrical, often curved, smooth. Cortina very fugacious. Gills 
 tawny cinnamon, entirely adnate, with a decurrent tooth, widest behind, 
 10-25 mm., very broad, somewhat thick, distant. Flesh whitish, thin 
 at the margin. Spores ochraceous, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x ?//,. 
 Smell strong, stinking. Coniferous woods, and amongst Vaccinium. 
 Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 521. C. (Hydro.) rigens (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 846, t. 812. 
 
 Rigens, rigid. 
 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., opaque tan clay colour, whitish tan when dry, fleshy, 
 campanulate, lax, then convex, obtuse, or broadly gibbous, smooth, 
 firm. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-10 mm., pale, white whendry, equal, sometimes 
 thickened upwards, sometimes downwards, sometimes fusiform, root- 
 ing, tough, elastic, rigid, cortex very cartilaginous, naked, smooth. 
 Cortina scarcely evident. Gills watery clay colour, then pallid, cinna- 
 mon, adnate, subdecurrent, very broad, 6-10 mm., distant, often veined 
 on the sides. Flesh white, thick, somewhat firm. Spores ferruginous, 
 pruniform, 7-5-9 x 5-5-5/x,, granular. Smell strong, like iodoform, or 
 balsam. Taste mild, then unpleasant. Woods, especially coniferous 
 woods. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 522. C. (Hydro.) fulvescens Fr. GreviUea, t. 116, fig. 2. 
 
 Fulvescens, becoming tawny. 
 
 P. 23 cm., cinnamon, brick-red when dry, prominent umbo darker, 
 submembranaceous, conical, soon convexo-plane, often acutely umbo- 
 nate, shining, at length fibrillose ; margin cortinate, at length striate. 
 St. 6-8 cm. x 3-6 mm., becoming pale, equal, or slightly attenuated 
 upwards, soft, flexuose, smooth. Cortina concolorous, distinct. Gills 
 tawny cinnamon, adnate, plane, subdistant, thin. Flesh white, thin. 
 Spores ferruginous, "almond shaped, minutely echinulate, 12//. " 
 Quel. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 523. C. (Hydro.) Krombholzii Fr. (= Cortinarius leucopus (Bull.) Fr. 
 sec. Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 847, t. 813. J. V. Krombholz. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., pale yellowish tan, disc darker, fleshy, conico-cam- 
 panulate, then gibbous, smooth; margin appendiculate with the
 
 190 CORTINARIUS 
 
 menibranaceous veil. St. 7-12 cm. x 6 mm., whitish, equal, slightly 
 swollen at the base, naked. Veil white, menibranaceous, fugacious. Gills 
 ferruginous, edge yellowish, rounded behind, slightly adnexed, 6 mm. 
 broad. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores "ferruginous, ellip- 
 tical, 8 x 4-5/z " Massee. Amongst moss, often caespitose. Rare. 
 
 524. C. (Hydro.) Reedir Berk. Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 45. 
 
 Miss F. Reed, sister of Mrs Hussey. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., persistently brown, fleshy, conical, then expanded, 
 strongly umbonate, smooth, shining, disc areolate; margin splitting. 
 St. 4-5 cm. x 4 mm., white, slightly bulbous, fibrillosely striate. Veil 
 fibrillose, evanescent. Gills white, or pallid, then cinnamon, ascending, 
 attenuated behind, free, ventricose broad. Flesh pallid, thin at the 
 margin. Spores "7-8 x 4/n" Massee. Amongst moss, and beech 
 mast. May. Rare. 
 
 525. C. (Hydro.) leucopus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 848, t. 843, fig. B. 
 
 XevKOTrovs, white footed. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., very pale yellow, tan colour and shining when dry, fleshy, 
 conical, then expanded, umbonate, smooth, moist. St. 2-55 cm. x 4 
 8 mm., shining white, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, soft. 
 Cortina white, median. Gills pallid, then cinnamon, adnexed, separating, 
 ventricose, crowded, thin. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores 
 ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/x,, granular, "spiny " Rick. Woods. 
 Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 526. C. (Hydro.) scandens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 163, fig. 1. 
 
 Scandens, climbing. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., tawny ferruginous, then honey colour, tan colour when dry, 
 umbo becoming tawny, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate, 
 acutely or obtusely umbonate, umbo sometimes obsolete; margin 
 slightly striate. St. 6-10 cm. x 4 mm., yellowish, shining whitish when 
 dry, thickened at the apex, attenuated at the white base, awl-shaped, 
 fiexuose, soft, fibrillosely silky, apex often mealy. Cortina white, su- 
 perior, thin, fibrillose. Gills yellowish, then tawny cinnamon, adnate, 
 narrow, 2-4 mm. broad, attenuated in front, thin, subdistant. Flesh 
 yellowish, thick at the umbo. Spores yellow, "elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /M, 
 minutely warted" Rick. Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **St. inclining to violet, or reddish. 
 
 527. C. (Hydro.) erythrinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 850, t. 798, fig. A. 
 
 epv8po<f, red. 
 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., bay brown rufous, tawny when dry, fleshy, conical, then 
 convex, regular, umbonate, the obtuse or obsolete umbo darker, smooth. 
 St. 4-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., shining silvery white, violaceous upwards, 
 equal, rarely thickened at the base, straight, or ascending, fibrillosely
 
 CORTINARIUS 191 
 
 striate, apex often pruinose. Cortina white, superior, fibrillose. Gills 
 pallid, then pale cinnamon, slightly adnexed, ventricose, thin, sub- 
 distant. Flesh concolorous when moist, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, 
 elliptical, 6 x 4-5 ju, 1-guttulate, "almost spinulose " Rick. Woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. argyropus Fr. apyvpo-Trovs, with silver feet. 
 
 Differs from the type in being more slender, and in the silvery stem 
 white mealy at the apex. 
 
 528. C. (Hydro.) decipiens (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 850, t. 798, fig. B. 
 
 Decipiens, deceiving. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., bay brown, shining and brick colour when dry, umbo 
 always darker, fleshy membranaceous, campanulato-expanded, acutely 
 umbonate, at length depressed round the umbo, smooth; margin at 
 length striate and torn. St. 5-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, pale rufescent, 
 or with brick coloured spots, quite equal, tense and straight, or flexuose, 
 fibrillose, covered with a pallid separable cuticle. Cortina white, fibrillose, 
 very fugacious. Gills brick colour ferruginous, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad, 
 thin, more or less crowded. Flesh pale, brick colour in the St., thin. 
 Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9 x 5/z, granular. Woods. Sept. 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. insignis Fr. Insignis, distinguished. 
 
 Differs from the type in the paler p., flexuose, smooth St., and in the 
 less crowded gills. 
 
 529. C. (Hydro.) germanus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 851, t. 844. 
 
 Germanus, born of the same parents. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., fuscous, clay colour when dry, very hygrophanous, opaque, 
 submembranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate when ex- 
 panded, fragile, somewhat silky with white fibrils. St. 6-8 cm. x 2 
 6 mm., silvery pale, somewhat lilac, equal, often twisted, smooth. 
 Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills watery cinnamon, adnate, 
 broad, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, then whitish, thin. Spores pale 
 ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Smell disagreeable. 
 Beech, and pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 530. C. (Hydro.) ianthipes (Seer.) Fr. Grevillea, t. 113, fig. 7. 
 
 Idvdivos, coloured violet; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., brown, or tawny, fleshy, somewhat firm, conical, then 
 convexo-plane, obtusely umbonate, silky, shining; margin silky white, 
 or becoming yellowish. St. 2-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., violaceous, becoming 
 reddish downwards, equal, somewhat fragile and flexuose, shining, 
 silky, base white villose. Ring white, silky, floccose. Cortina tawny, 
 fugacious. Gills whitish, then greyish olivaceous, "lilac, then brownish
 
 192 CORTINARIUS 
 
 violet " Quel., slightly adnexed, somewhat crowded. Flesh reddish, 
 thin. Spores ferruginous, "pruniform, 8/x " Quel. Woods. Sept. 
 Rare. 
 
 ***St. yellowish, generally becoming pale. 
 
 531. C. (Hydro.) detonsus Fr. Detonsus, sheared off. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., bright yellowish, tan colour when dry, submembrana- 
 ceous, conical, then expanded, subumbonate, striate to the middle when 
 moist, slightly silky when dry, fragile. St. 58 cm. x 4 mm., yellowish, 
 equal, or attenuated upwards, soft, smooth. Gills bright yellowish, 
 then brick cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, subdistant. Flesh whitish, 
 thin. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4 /z, minutely verru- 
 cose " Rick. Amongst moss in woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 532. C. (Hydro.) obtusus Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 163, fig. 3. Obtusus, obtuse. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., bay brown, ferruginous, soon cinnamon, pale ochraceous, 
 or tan whitish when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then campanu- 
 late, at length expanded and obtusely umbonate, smooth; margin 
 striate. St. 510 cm. x 48 mm., tan yellowish, becoming whitish when 
 dry, ventricose, curved, flexuose, often attenuated at the base, fragile, 
 sprinkled with adpressed, white, silky fibrils. Cortina white, very fuga- 
 cious. Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, very broad, rather 
 thick, subdistant, the shorter ones narrower, connected by veins, edge 
 often white-fringed. Flesh yellowish, or reddish, thick at the disc. 
 Spores brownish ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-5-6/1,, verrucose. 
 Smell strong. Woods, especially pine. April Nov. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. gracilis Quel. Grevillea, t. 129, fig. 1. Gracilis, slender. 
 
 Differs from the type in the pale yellow p. 
 
 533. C. (Hydro.) saniosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 163, fig. 2. 
 
 Saniosus, full of bloody matter. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., tawny cinnamon, fuscous tawny, or cinnamon, becoming 
 tawny and shining when dry, slightly hygrophanous, fleshy, campanu- 
 late, then expanded, acutely, or obtusely umbonate, smooth, "covered 
 with yellow fibrils" Quel.; margin fibrillosely torn. St. 3-6 cm. x 3- 
 4 mm., dingy yellow, becoming yellow, rarely tawny or fuscous, equal, 
 firm, somewhat curved, flexuose, covered with the yellow fibrils of the 
 cortina, or fibrillosely silky, sometimes becoming saffron red at the 
 base. Coitin&yellow,fibrillose. Gills pale, then dark cinnamon, adnate, 
 ventricose, somewhat crowded, or subdistant. Flesh concolorous, 
 sometimes becoming yellow in the st., thin. Spores ferruginous, "nearly 
 almond-shaped, 9-10 x 4-5/u,, verrucose " Rick. Smell strong. 
 Woods, pastures and swamps. Sept. Oct. Uncommon.
 
 CORTINABIUS 193 
 
 534. C. (Hydro.) acutus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 852, t. 845, fig. B. 
 
 Acutus, pointed. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., honey colour to very pale yellow, somewhat shining, tan, 
 or white when dry, with a silky appearance, submembranaceous, conical, 
 then campanulate and expanded, acutely umbonate and concolorous, 
 at length depressed round the umbo, striate when moist', margin at 
 first obsoletely fibrillose, then smooth. St. 4-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., con- 
 colorous, equal, flexuose, white fibrillose, then smooth. Cortina white, 
 fibrillose, adhering to the margin of the p. Gills ochraceous cinnamon, 
 adnate, sometimes free, lanceolate, thin, crowded, becoming sub- 
 distant. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 
 9-11 x 6jn, 1-guttulate. Woods and heaths. Aug. Nov. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 ****St. inclining to fuscous. 
 
 535. C. (Hydro.) Junghuhnii Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 853, t. 846, fig. A. 
 
 Francis Junghuhn. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., shining cinnamon, tawny when dry, fleshy, convexo- 
 plane, umbonate with a papilla, striate to the middle when moist, some- 
 what velvety with thin, sparse, white, persistent fibrils under a lens. St. 
 5-8 cm. x 4-5 mm., pale brick colour, equal, or attenuated at the 
 whitish base, shining, adpressedly fuscous fibrillose. Cortina white, 
 inclining to fuscous, sparse. Gills saffron brick colour, adnate, ventri- 
 cose, 4 mm. broad, thin, veined at the base. Flesh of stem darker brick 
 colour, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 7-8 x 6 /A, 
 verrucose " Rick. Woods amongst moss. Aug. Rare. 
 
 536 C. (Hydro.) depressus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 163, fig. 4. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., ferruginous fuscous, fuscous tan when dry, fleshy-mem- 
 branaceous, conico-convex, obtusely umbonate, at length almost plane 
 and depressed round the umbo, superficially silky at first; margin 
 striate when moist. St. 3-5 cm. x 4 mm., reddish, at length becoming 
 blackish, base becoming fuscous, equal, or attenuated downwards, 
 rigid, subcartilaginous, white silky, then smooth. Cortina scarcely 
 any. Gills saffron, becoming yellowish, then ferruginous, adnate, broad, 
 plane, thin, more or less crowded. Flesh concolorous, very thin. 
 Smell faint, of fish, or cucumber. Damp places in woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 537. C. (Hydro.) milvinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 853, t. 846, fig. B. 
 
 Milvinus, pertaining to the kite. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., olivaceous fawn colour, hoary tan and opaque when dry, 
 membranaceous, conical, then convex, obtusely or obsoletely umbo- 
 nate, striate to the middle when full grown and beautifully wreathed 
 with white squamules at the margin, somewhat silky when dry. St. 
 B. B. B. 13
 
 194 CORTINABIUS. INOCYBE 
 
 5-8 cm. x 4 mm., pallid fuscous, equal, curved, silky, spotted with 
 the white cortina. Veil obsolete except at the margin of the p. Gills 
 olivaceous, becoming ferruginous, adnate, scarcely ventricose, very 
 thin, subdistant, connected by veins. Flesh concolorous, thick at the 
 disc. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 /x, verrucose" Rick. 
 Smell strong. Woods. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 538. C. (Hydro.) fasciatus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 855, t. 814. 
 
 Fasciatus, arranged in bundles. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., brick colour, acute umbo blackish, becoming pale and 
 silky when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, acutely 
 umbonate, smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid fuscous, then cinna- 
 mon fuscous, equal, straight, flexuose, undulate, fibrillosely fissile, 
 smooth. Gills cinnamon, adnate, subventricose, 3 mm. broad, thin, 
 distant. Flesh concolorous, slightly fleshy at the disc. Spores 
 ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/z,, with a large central gutta, 
 punctate. Pine woods, and under pines. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2. Veil concrete with the epidermis of the pileus. 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, elliptical, smooth. 
 
 Inocybe Fr. 
 (19, fibre; fcvftij, head.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Veil marginal, fugacious. Stem fleshy, cen- 
 tral. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochraceous, 
 ferruginous, olivaceous, or fuscous, elliptical, elliptic-oblong, pip- 
 shaped, or subreniform, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent, ven- 
 tricose, clavate, fusiform, or cylindrical. Growing on the ground. 
 
 I. Cystidia present. 
 
 *Stem whitish, or pallid. 
 
 fGills brownish, ochraceous, or cinnamon. 
 
 539. I. scabra (Mull.) Fr. (= Inocybe capucina Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. 
 
 Illus. no. 413, t. 391. Scabra, rough. 
 
 P. 1-5-4 cm., becoming pale fuliginous, or pale tan, variegated with 
 adpressed, darker (fuscous), spot-like, fibrous scales, fleshy, somewhat 
 compact, conical, then convex, obsoletely gibbous. St. 2-4 cm. x 6- 
 10 mm., whitish, firm, equal, cuticle cartilaginous, silky-fibrillose. 
 Gills whitish, then somewhat fuliginous, slightly adnexed, thin, some- 
 what crowded. Flesh white. Spores yellowish brown, pip-shaped, 
 9-11 x 5-6/x. Cystidia slightly ventricose, 65-75 x 12-16/i, abun- 
 dant. Coniferous, and mixed woods. June Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.)
 
 INOCYBE 195 
 
 var. firma Fr. Firma, firm. 
 
 Differs from the type in the fuscous-tan p. spotted with fuscous scales, 
 and in the velvety stem. 
 
 540. I. pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 411, t. 472. 
 
 Pyrus, pear; odor a, scented. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., pale ochraceous, often reddish when young, campanulate, 
 obtuse, fleshy at the darker disc, everywhere torn into fibrils', margin 
 often bent in and lacerate, and sometimes repand. St. 5-15 x 1- 
 1'5 cm., pallid often tinged with red, fragile, equal, or attenuated 
 at the base, often curved, fibrillose, apex white-mealy. Gills whitish, 
 then somewhat fuliginous, adnate, sinuate, thin, crowded, edge whitish. 
 Flesh becoming reddish. Spores tawny, pip-shaped, 8-11 x 5-6 /A, 
 2-many-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, or clavate, 55-60 x 15-21 p, 
 thick walled. Smell pleasant, like ripe pears. Woods. May Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 541. I. rimosa (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 429, t. 384. 
 
 Rimosa, full of cracks. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., yellowish, varying rufescent, and date brown (especially 
 when old), fleshy, conico-campanulate, obtuse, then more flattened, 
 and at length reflexed, umbonate, somewhat fibrillose, longitudinally 
 cracked; disc sometimes even, sometimes cracked in a tesselated 
 manner. St. 47 cm. x 48 mm., whitish, becoming yellow, or fuscous, 
 firm, apex mealy. Gills whitish, then becoming fuscous, and ferruginous, 
 very much attenuated behind, free, or slightly adnexed, somewhat 
 ventricose, edge serrulated, pallid. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous 
 in the mass, ochraceous under the microscope, elliptical, 91 1 x 5 7 /A. 
 Cystidia fusoid, or ventricose, 60-68 x 9-14/n. Smell earthy. Woods, 
 and open ground. June Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 542. I. tomentosa (Jungh.) Quel. (= Inocybe eutheles B. & Br.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 431, t. 386, as Inocybe eutheles B. & Br. 
 
 Tomentosa, downy. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., pale fawn-colour, campanulate, then expanded, strongly 
 umbonate, thin, villose, fibrillose; margin white, often appendiculate 
 with the veil. St. 4-8 cm. x 5-8 mm., pallid, or whitish, equal, 
 slightly swollen at the base, fibrillose, slightly striate. Gills pallid, 
 adnate, slightly toothed, margin white. Flesh white. Spores ochra- 
 ceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/z,. Cystidia ventricose, 60-63 x 12-13/i, 
 abundant. Smell of new meal. Woods, and among fir-leaves. Aug. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 543. I. pallidipes Ellis & Everh. Pallidus, pale; pes, foot. 
 P. 2-3 cm., light brown, conico-campanulate, then expanded and 
 
 umbonate, fibrose-squamose, disc innately scaly, margin subrimose. 
 
 132
 
 1 96 INOCYBE 
 
 St. 2-5-5 cm., white, slightly narrowed and mealy above, loosely 
 fibrillose below, base subbulbous, white tomentose. Gills pale cinna- 
 mon, edge paler and fimbriate, broadly attached, with a strong decur- 
 rent tooth, ascending at first, then ventricose, scarcely crowded, 
 rather broad. Spores cinnamon, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/z Cystidia, nu- 
 merous, fusoid, or subventricose, 40-50 x 14-18/*. Woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 544. I. sambucina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 109, fig. 2. 
 
 Sambucina, belonging to elder. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 4-8 cm., often becoming pallid-yellow, fleshy, firm, 
 convex, then expanded, often repand, obtuse, fibrilloso-silky. St. 2-5- 
 
 4 x 1-2-5 cm., often curved, equal, or subbulbous at the base, striate, 
 obsoletely pruinose at the apex. Gills becoming dingy ochre, emar- 
 ginate, slightly adnexed, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh white. 
 Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 9-12 x 6/u,. Cystidia ventricose, 50- 
 60 x 12-16/x, scattered. Smell strong. Coniferous woods. Sept. 
 Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 545. I. Clarkii B. & Br. Cke. lUus. no. 439, t. 429, lower figs. 
 
 J. Aubrey Clark. 
 P. 2-3 cm., whitish, campanulate, obtuse, silky-fibrillose. St. 3- 
 
 5 cm. x 4 mm., white, equal, slightly thickened at the \>a,se,fiocculose. 
 Gills pallid, margin white, adnexed, rather distant, broadish. Flesh 
 pallid. Spores pale, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 p. Cystidia ventricose, 
 55-65 x 12-16/it, some narrower, scattered. Shady places. Oct. Rare. 
 
 546. I. corydalina Quel. (= Inocybe pyriodora Fr. sec. Rene Maire.) 
 Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 4. Corydalis, the genus Corydalis. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., whitish, covered with bistre fibrils, green at the umbo, 
 fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate. St. 3- 5 x -5-1 cm., 
 whitish, curved, subbulbous, striate, pruinose. Gills whitish, then 
 brown; edge fimbriate, white, adnate, emarginate, 5-7 mm. wide. Flesh 
 white, becoming yellowish with age. Spores brown, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 /A . 
 Cystidia fusiform, ventricose, 42-51 x 15-18/u,. Smell pleasant, like 
 Corydalis cava. Deciduous woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 547. I. geophylla (Sow.) Fr. (= Inocybe geophila (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 440, t. 401. 777, earth; <j>v\\ov, leaf. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., white, sometimes tinged yellow when old, somewhat 
 fleshy, conical, then expanded, umbonate, silky, then fibrillose, often 
 cracking. St. 4-8 cm. x 2-6 mm., white, equal, base slightly thickened, 
 often flexuose, satiny, apex white-mealy. Gills whitish, then clay- 
 fuscous, and earth colour, almost free, rather broad, ventricose, crowded. 
 Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-10 x 4-5 /u,. Cystidia ven- 
 tricose, 45-60 x 13-15//,, abundant. Smell earthy, taste slightly acrid. 
 Woods, under trees, and hedgerows. July Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 
 
 INOCYBE 197 
 
 var. lilacina Fr. (= Inocybe geophylla (Sow.) Fr., var. violacea Pat.) 
 
 Boud. Icon. t. 125. Lilacina, lilac colour. 
 
 Differs from the type in the violet colour of the p., the yellow umbo, 
 
 the paler violet stem, and the ochraceous yellow base. Woods. Aug. 
 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lateritia (Weinm.) Stev. Lateritia, made of bricks. 
 
 Differs from the type in the brick-red p. 
 
 var. fulva Pat. Fulva, tawny. 
 
 Differs from the type in the rufous-ochre p., and the paler margin. 
 
 548. I. Whitei B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 444, t. 404, fig. A. 
 
 Dr F. Buchanan White, a Scotch botanist. 
 
 P. 1-5-2-5 cm., tawny, margin white, then wholly pale tawny, conical, 
 then convex, and at length expanded, slightly viscid. St. 3-4 cm. x 3- 
 4 mm., shining white, then tawny, nearly equal, base slightly thickened. 
 Gills shining white, then cinnamon, adnexed, crowded. Flesh white. 
 Spores pale yellow-brown, obliquely elliptical, 9-11 x 4-5 p. Cystidia 
 ventricose, or almost cylindrical, 50-60 x 16 20/ut, fairly abundant. 
 Pine woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 549. I. sindonia Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 438, t. 400. vtvocav, muslin. 
 P. 3-5 cm., dingy white, or at length becoming yellow, fleshy, some- 
 what thin, campanulate, then convex, gibbous, silky-velvety, becoming 
 even, margin appendiculate when young with fibrils of the cortina. 
 St. 5-7-5 cm. x 6 mm., white, stuffed with a separate pith that dis- 
 appears, equal, at first slightly fibrillose with the evanescent, delicate 
 cortina. Gills becoming whitish fuscous, attenuato-adnexed, linear- 
 lanceolate, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white. Spores reddish brown, ellip- 
 tical, 8-10 x 5-6/x. Cystidia ventricose, 50-60 x 12-16/4. Mixed 
 woods, damp shady places. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 550. I. descissa Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 122, fig. 1. 
 
 Descissa, split up. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., greyish white, disc somewhat fuscous, conico-campanu- 
 late, then expanded and umbonate, silky, then fibrillosely split up, 
 subsquamulose around the umbo. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-4 mm-, white, 
 often slightly tinged with flesh colour, somewhat equal, white fibril- 
 lose, apex white pruinose, veil white, evanescent. Gills white, then 
 fuliginous, or fuliginous yellow, sinuato-adnexed, somewhat crowded, 
 edge fimbriate. Flesh white, sometimes flesh colour in the stem. Spores 
 yellow, subreniform, 9-10 x 5-6/n. Cystidia fusiform, ventricose, 
 55-70 x 14-20/x, thick walled, somewhat fuscous at the apex. Pine 
 woods. Sept. Nov. Rare.
 
 198 INOCYBE 
 
 var. auricoma (Batsch) Fr. Auricoma, golden-haired. 
 
 Smaller, and thinner than the type, p. becoming yellow, margin striate, 
 gills adfixed, ventricose, whitish fuscous. Remarkably cracked. Woods, 
 and burnt soil. 
 
 551. I. cervicolor (Pers.) Quel. Fr. Icon. t. 107, figs. 1, 2, as Inocybe 
 Bongardii (Weinm.) Fr. Cervus, a deer; color, colour. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., pale brown, or fawn colour^ covered with brown, recurved 
 firils, campanulate, thin. St. 4-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, fibrillose 
 with brown, recurved filaments, firm, flexuose. Gills cream colour, then 
 rusty brown, margin white, denticulate, emarginate, ventricose, thick. 
 Flesh white, tinged purplish when cut. Spores brown, elongate pip- 
 shaped, 10-12 x 6-7 /z. Cystidia cylindric-fusoid, 45-50 x 12-14/n, 
 numerous. Smell strong, unpleasant, like a mouldy cask. Woods, 
 and heaths. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 552. I. deglubens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 420, t. 394. 
 
 Deglubens, peeling off. 
 
 P. 25 cm., date-brown-rufescent, then becoming yellow, slightly 
 fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, adpressedly torn 
 into fibrils, peeling off in darker, then separating fibrils. St. 4-7 cm. 
 x 4-5 mm., pallid, equal, adpressedly fibrillose, apex slightly rough 
 with brown points. Gills grey, then cinnamon, obtusely adnate, ventri- 
 cose, somewhat distant. Flesh white. Spores pallid brown, pip-shaped, 
 8-10 x 5-6/i. Cystidia ventricose, 50-60 x 10-15//,, fairly abundant. 
 Smell earthy. Pine woods. Aug. Sept. Rare. 
 
 ffGills with an olive tinge. 
 
 553. I. abjecta Karst. Abjecta, mean. 
 P. 1-3-5 cm., brownish, becoming ochraceous-brown when dry, every- 
 where covered with white fibrils, disc with whitish, subsquarrose squa- 
 mules, fleshy, subcampanulate, or convex, then expanded, sometimes 
 umbonate. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, everywhere covered with 
 white, fibrous squamuks, equal, or fusiform, rather tough, flexuose, 
 apex white-pruinose. Gills pale cinnamon-olive, adnate, ventricose in 
 front, 6-7 mm. wide, rather distant, margin minutely flocculoso- 
 crenulate at first. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 
 14-16 x 6-7 /*, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 50-65 x 13-16^,, 
 scanty. Amongst sand. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 554. I. Godeyi Gillet. (= Agaricus (Inocybe) hiukus (Fr.) Kalchbr. 
 and Cke. Illus. no. 427, t. 337.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 8. 
 
 Dr Godey, an eminent French mycologist. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., whitish at first, then more or less suffused with rose which 
 is usually accompanied by an ochraceous tinge, fleshy, campanulate,
 
 INOCYBE 199 
 
 obtusely umbonate, silky-fibrillose, rimose. St. 4-6 cm. x 5-10 mm., 
 concolorous, equal, often bulbous at the base, apex white-pruinose. 
 Gills whitish, then dusky cinnamon, usually with an olive tinge, edge 
 white, minutely flocculose, narrowed behind, adnexed, almost free, 
 somewhat crowded. Flesh white, tinged with pink. Spores ferruginous, 
 elliptical, slightly curved or subreniform, 7-8 x 4-5 p. Cystidia 
 ventricose, 36-48 x 18-25/z, fairly numerous. Woods, and heaths. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 555. I. lucifuga Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 123. Lux, light ;fuga, avoiding. 
 P. 2-7-5 cm., somewhat olivaceous, sometimes becoming pale, rarely 
 fawn colour, fleshy, convexo-campanulate, then plane, more or less 
 umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose, or covered with minute adpressed 
 scales. St. 3-7 x 4-12 mm., pallid, equal, rigid, often flexuose, apex 
 white-farinose. Gills whitish, then yellowish, and finally pure olivaceous, 
 sinuate, ventricose, crowded, broad, crisped in large specimens. Flesh 
 white, slightly coloured under the cuticle. Spores olivaceous, elliptical, 
 8-9 x 4-5/x,. Cystidia ventricose, 60-70 x 12-14/x, scattered. Smell 
 strong, like radishes. Woods, roadsides, and under trees. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon. 
 
 tinged violet. 
 
 556. I. violaceifolia Peck. Violaceus, of a violet colour ; folia, leaves. 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., grey, convex, or almost plane, fibrillose, squamulose. 
 
 St. 2-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., whitish, firm, slender, fibrillose. Gills pale 
 violet, then brownish cinnamon, adnexed, crowded. Spores elliptical, 
 10 x 6ju. Cystidia ventricose, 50-60 x 12-16/*,, fairly abundant. 
 Amongst moss. Sept. Kare. 
 
 **Stem coloured. 
 fGills brown, ochraceous, or cinnamon. 
 
 557. I. caesariata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 437, t. 388. 
 
 Caesariata, covered with hairs. 
 
 P. 4 cm., tawny-dirty, or like a smooth sugared cake, fleshy, convex, 
 then expanded, gibbous, repand, becoming silky-even, finally almost 
 smooth at the disc, silky at the margin. St. 4 cm. x 6 mm., pallid, 
 unequal, sometimes twisted, somewhat thickened at the base, pruinose. 
 Gills whitish fuliginous, somewhat adnate, thin, crowded, ventricose. 
 Spores reniform, 8-10 x 4-5/a. Cystidia narrowly ventricose, 70- 
 80 x 12-15 /LI, "often septate" Rick., fairly abundant. Smell dis- 
 agreeable. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. fibrillosa Fr. (= Inocybe delecta Karst.) Fr. Icon. t. 109, fig. 3. 
 
 Fibrillosa, full of fibrils. 
 
 Differs from the type in the obsoletely umbonate, fibrillose, sometimes 
 squamulose, ochraceous pileus becoming tawny, in the very ochraceous-
 
 200 INOCYBE 
 
 fibrittose stem, and the pallid ochraceous gills at length turning brown. 
 Deciduous woods, especially beech. 
 
 558. I. obscura (Pers.) Fr. Obscura, dark. 
 P. 1-5-2-5 cm., brown, more or less suffused with violet, somewhat 
 
 fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, or subumbonate, longitudinally 
 fibrillose, disc scaly. St. 3-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., violaceous, becoming 
 fuscous downwards, flexuose, fibrillose. Gills olivaceous, then brown, 
 uncinato-adnexed, crowded, ventricose, edge often unequal. Flesh 
 tinged bluish especially at the apex of the stem. Spores brownish, ellip- 
 tical, 8-9 x 4jw,. Cystidia ventricose, 65-75 x 12-16/z, abundant. 
 Smell strong, of radishes. Amongst pines, and in woods. July Nov. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. rufa Pat. Rufus, red. 
 
 Differs from the type in the reddish-brown, strongly umbonate p., 
 the violet gills, and spores narrowed towards one end. 
 
 559. I. lacera Fr. Lacera, torn. 
 P. 2-4 cm., brownish, then mouse colour, becoming pale, slightly 
 
 fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, at first 
 adpressedly fibrillose, then rimosely scaly and squarrose. St. 3-7 cm. 
 x 5-8 mm., paler than the p., covered with brown, fibrillose squamules, 
 tough, equal, or attenuated at the base. Gills white flesh, then mouse 
 colour, attenuato-adnexed, ventricose, broad. Flesh of stem reddish. 
 Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 fj,. Cystidia ventricose, 56- 
 80 x 13-17jLt, numerous. Pine, and mixed woods. July Oct. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 560. I. carpta (Scop.) Fr. Carpta, torn. 
 P. 3-5 cm., tan colour, or dusky brown, convex, then flattened, 
 
 usually at length more or less depressed at the disc, everywhere densely 
 fibrillose and woolly. St. 3-5 x 1 cm., paler than the pileus, attenuated 
 downwards, covered with a spreading, fibrillose woolliness like the p. 
 Gills ochraceous, then brown fuscous, adnate, then free, ventricose, 
 broad. Flesh pale ochraceous, becoming tinged with brown. Spores 
 elliptical, 910 x 4-5/z,, 1 2-guttulate ; "angular, nearly trapezium 
 shaped, 10-12 x 5-6/u, " Rick. Cystidia often slightly curved, ventri- 
 cose, 60-70 x 13-15/i, abundant. Taste sweet, then bitter. Woods. 
 Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 561. I. hystrix Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 106, fig. 1. Hystrix, porcupine. 
 P. 4-9 cm., dull brown, or mouse colour, fleshy, firm, convex, then 
 
 flattened, obtuse, or slightly gibbous, orbicular, squarrose with revolute, 
 floccose scales, which are fibrilloso-adpressed towards the margin. 
 St. 5-9 cm. x 6-10 mm., fuscous mouse colour, firm, equal, or attenu-
 
 INOCYBE 201 
 
 ated downwards, or subfusif orm, squarrose with revolute, crowded, floe- 
 cose scales up to the sharply defined annular zone, apex pallid. Gills 
 whitish, becoming fuscous, adnate, crowded, linear, margin white. 
 Flesh white. Spores brown, pip-shaped, or wedge-shaped, 9-10 x 4- 
 5/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 75-80 x 12-14/A, fairly abun- 
 dant. Smell of new meal. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 562. I. incarnate Bres. (= Inocybe pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rene 
 Maire.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 53. 
 
 Incarnata, made flesh colour. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., yellowish rufescent, or flesh colour, fleshy, convexo- 
 campanulate, then expanded and gibbous, or broadly umbonate, 
 fibrillose, then squamulose, margin villosely fimbriate. St. 6-8 cm. 
 x 6-15 mm., rosy flesh colour, apex white, furfuraceous, attenuated 
 downwards, somewhat rooting, somewhat fibrillose. Gills whitish, 
 then cinereous-cinnamon, at length spotted with red, or from the first 
 becoming red, sinuato-adnate, crowded, edge fimbriate. Flesh of 
 pileus white, becoming deep red when broken, that of the stem red from 
 the first. Spores yellowish-brown, broadly elliptical, 12-15 x 6-8/x. 
 Cystidia fusoid, 50-65 x 15-18/z, apex brownish. Smell pleasant, 
 like pears. Woods. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 563. I. nigrodisca Peck. Niger, black; discus, a quoit. 
 P. 1-2 cm., blackish-brown, margin greyish, convex, then plane, or 
 
 depressed, umbonate, very minutely fibrillose. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. long, red- 
 dish brown, slender, firm, flexuose, minutely pruinosely downy. Gills 
 greyish, then rusty-brown, sometimes tinged yellow, free, or subadnexed, 
 rounded behind, crowded. Spores ferruginous, subelongate, 5-5- 
 6-5 x 4-5-5/z. Cystidia fairly abundant, ventricose, 45-55 x 12-16/z. 
 Among moss and grass. Rare. 
 
 564. I. mutica Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 418, t. 382. Mutica, curtailed. 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, or tinged yellowish with darker adpressed 
 
 squamules, fleshy, convex, then plane, always very obtuse, at length 
 subdepressed in the centre. St. 3-6 cm. x 5-8 mm., white straw colour, 
 becoming somewhat fuscous, often attenuated downwards, sometimes 
 enlarged at the base, fibrillose. Gills white, then slightly fuscous, 
 adnate, or attenuated behind and becoming free, thin, crowded. 
 Flesh white. Spores elliptical, 8-10 x 5/u., 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 fusoid, 51-80 x 12-15/u, abundant. Woods, and roadsides. Sept. 
 Nov. Not common, (v.v.) 
 
 565. I. brunnea Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 9. 
 
 Brunnea, brown. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., chestnut colour, fleshy, campanulate, umbonate, fibril- 
 losely silky, then cracked. St. 3-6 cm. x 5-6 mm., concolorous, or
 
 202 ENOCYBE 
 
 paler, thickened at the base, apex white, pruinose, fibrillosely striate. 
 Cortina concolorous, and fugacious. Gills cream colour, then umber, 
 edge white, indented, emarginate, broadest in front, 5 mm. wide. Flesh 
 white. Spores bistre, elliptical, 7-12 x 4-6/n. Cystidia ventricose, or 
 fusoid, 50-55 x 12-15/1, fairly abundant. Woods, also amongst grass 
 near pines. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 566. I. haemacta Berk. & Cke. (= Inocybe pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. sec. 
 Rene Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 410, t. 390. at f /iaro9, bloody. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm , umber, margin pallid, often becoming stained with red, 
 or verdigris, disc darker, subsquamose, fleshy, compact, obtuse, cam- 
 panulate, then expanded, floccosely fibrillose. St. 4-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., 
 whitish above, tinged verdigris-green at the base, and often higher up, 
 scarcely fibrillose, nearly equal. Gills pallid, then dingy tan, adnate, 
 slightly rounded behind. Flesh turning blood red when touched or 
 wounded, verdigris at the base of the stem, and also often elsewhere. Spores 
 reddish brown, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/i, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 
 6678 x 14-16/z, fairly numerous. Lawns, and gardens. Aug. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. rubra Rea. Rubra, red. 
 
 Differs from the type in the blood red colour of the p. and St., which 
 is only tinged verdigris at the extreme base, although the flesh is tinged 
 verdigris for some considerable distance upwards. Bare earth. Sept. 
 Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 567. I. conformata Karst. Conformata, shaped. 
 P. 1-3 cm., pale fuscous, or tinged rusty, convex, then expanded, 
 
 umbonate, fibrillosely rimose, sometimes minutely, adpressedly, floc- 
 cosely squamulose. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., concolorous, apex at first 
 tinged violet, equal, often flexuose, solid, minutely fibrillose. Gills 
 pallid, then brownish, 4-5 mm. wide, adnexed, ventricose, somewhat 
 crowded; margin white, fimbriate. Flesh white, brownish under the 
 cuticle of the p., bluish at first in the stem, thick at the disc, very thin 
 at the margin of the p., firm. Smell and taste none. Spores brownish 
 in the mass, oblong elliptical, depressed on one side, 8-11 x 4-5/n. 
 Cystidia hyaline, fusiform ventricose, apex muriculate, 65-75 x 15- 
 19/i. Under oaks in woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 568. I. flocculosa Berk. (=Inocybe scabella (Fr.) Bres. sec. Bataille.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 416, t. 393. Flocculosa, woolly. 
 
 P. 2'5 cm., brownish fawn colour, somewhat fleshy, convex, sub- 
 campanulate, umbonate, silky squamulose, margin smoother, veil 
 white, fibrillose, fugacious. St. 4cm. x 4mm., pale fawn, fibrillose, 
 brown beneath the fibrillae, apex minutely squamuloso-pulverulent. 
 Gills pale fawn, at length dull-ferruginous, rounded behind, adnate
 
 INOCYBE 203 
 
 but not broadly so, ventricose, margin white. Spores ferruginous, 
 elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5/z. Cystidia 45-60 x lQ-12fi, abundant. Smell 
 of new meal, but nauseous. Bare soil, and amongst grass. Sept. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 f fGills tinged olive. 
 
 569. I. dulcamara (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 408, t. 582, fig. B. 
 
 Dulcis, sweet; amara, bitter. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., olivaceous-fuscous, becoming paler, campanulato-convex,. 
 then expanded and umbonate, ^occoso-scaZ?/, silky towards the margin. 
 St. 4-6 cm. x 4 mm., paler than the pileus, equal, cortinato-fibrillose, 
 adpressedly squamulose, apex mealy. Gills pallid, then olivaceous, 
 arcuato-adfixed, ventricose, crowded. Flesh becoming yellowish white, 
 thin. Spores brown, almost colourless under the microscope, ellip- 
 tical, 7-9 x 4-5/i. Cystidia ventricose, 55-65 x 15-18/x, fairly 
 abundant, "on edge of gill only " Rick. Taste slightly bitter. Pine, 
 and mixed woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 570. I. relicina Fr. (= Astrosporina relicina (Fr.) Schroet.) 
 
 Relicina, curled backwards. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., fuliginous, fleshy, thin, conical, then expanded, obtuse, 
 everywhere scaly-squarrose with fasciculate down. St. 45 cm. x 4- 
 6 mm., fuliginous, apex paler, soft, equal, fioccoso-scaly, fibrillose. 
 Gills yellow, then olivaceous, adnexed, crowded. Spores olive brown, 
 pip-shaped, 10-12 x 7ju. Cystidia ventricose, 70-85 x 14-16/x, 
 scattered, "only on edge of gill " Rick. Damp pine woods amongst 
 Sphagnum, and in bogs. July Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 571. I. Bongardii (Weinm.) Massee. 
 
 H. G. Bongard, a Russian botanist. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., whitish with a rufescent, or yellowish tinge, covered with 
 darker fibrillose squamules, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, ob- 
 tusely umbonate. St. 5-8 cm. x 5-12 mm., concolorous, or slightly 
 paler, equal, straight, or curved, tough, apex white-mealy. Gills 
 whitish, then olive-cinnamon, arcuato-adnate, crowded, ventricose, 
 edge white, eroded. Flesh, reddish. Spores cinnamon brown, yellow 
 under the microscope, elliptical, 9 x 6/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventri- 
 cose, 50-65 x 12-16/4, scattered, "only on edge of gill, basidia with 
 olive granular contents" Rick. Smell pleasant, like ripe pears. Woods 
 and pastures. May Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 tttGiUs tinged violet. 
 
 572. I. cincinnata Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 51, fig. 2. 
 
 Cincinnata, with curled hair. 
 
 P. 1-5-3-5 cm., mouse colour, or brownish chestnut, somewhat 
 fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or obsoletely umbonate, disc
 
 204 INOCYBE 
 
 besprinkled with fioccose scales; margin fibrillose. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 fuscous, apex tinged violet at first, then becoming pale, base subbulbose, 
 fibrillosely-squamulose. Gills fuscous -violaceous, then cinnamon, ad- 
 nexed, or attenuated behind, separating, ventricose, crowded. Flesh 
 whitish, bluish at the apex of the stem. Spores brown, elliptical, 7- 
 8 x 4-5jLt, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia subcylindrical, or ventricose, 60- 
 70 x 9-15/M, "sometimes filled with a dark juice" Rick., fairly abun- 
 dant. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 II. No cystidia. 
 
 *St. whitish, or pallid. 
 
 fGills brownish, ochraceous, or cinnamon. 
 
 573. I. perlata Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1162, t. 961. 
 
 Perlata, very broad. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., ochraceous, longitudinally streaked with darker, fuscous 
 fibrils, disc dark bistre nearly black, fleshy, convex, then expanded, 
 broadly umbonate; margin incurved. St. 6-11 x 1-5 cm., pallid, 
 darker below, straight, or curved, sometimes twisted, striate, equal, 
 apex mealy. Gills pallid, then pale umber, adnexed, somewhat rounded 
 behind, broad, margin whitish, irregular. Flesh dingy white. Spores 
 reddish brown, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /z, with a large central gutta. 
 Woods, and under hornbeam. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 574. I. perbrevis (Weinm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 434, t. 519. 
 
 Per-brevis, very short. 
 
 P. 1-5 3 cm., fuscous, or rufous, becoming yellowish, somewhat fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, obtusely umbonate, often depressed round the 
 umbo, fibrillose, or squamulose ; margin fibrillose, often splitting. St. 
 2-2-5 cm. x 3-5 mm., pallid, somewhat attenuated downwards, white- 
 fibrillose, apex pruinose, cortinate. Gills whitish, becoming fuscous, or 
 clay colour, adnexed with a tooth, ventricose, rather distant. Flesh 
 white. Spores brown, elliptic-oblong, 8-9 x 4-5-5/t, apiculate. 
 "Cystidia only on edge of gill, basidia-like, 48-60 x 12-15/z " Rick. 
 Woods, and shady places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 575. I. squarrosa Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. v, t. 4. 
 
 Squarrosa, rough with scales. 
 
 P. 5-13 mm,, mouse grey with an ochraceous tinge, slightly fleshy, 
 campanulate, or convex, covered with erect, revolute, floccose, darker 
 grey scales especially at the disc, floccosely fibrillose elsewhere ; margin 
 at first involute, white. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white with a pinkish 
 tinge, apex pruinose, base white, subbulbose. Gills white, then brown- 
 ish, adnato-sinuate, 2 mm. wide, edge white. Flesh white. Spores 
 greenish-fuscous, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/z, 1-guttulate. Under willows 
 and alders in a brick pit. July Aug. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 INOCYBE 205 
 
 576. I. vatricosa FT. Fr. Icon. t. 110, fig. 3. 
 
 Vatricosa, with crooked feet. 
 
 P. 1-7 cm., yellowish, becoming whitish with age, slightly fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, obtuse, or umbonate, viscid when moist, shining 
 when dry; margin obsoletely silky. St. 3-7 cm. x 3-10 mm., white, 
 or greyish, equal, slightly thickened at the white villose base, often 
 curved and contorted, white pulverulent. Gills white, then fuscous, 
 adnexed, broadly emarginate, almost free, broad. Spores brownish, 
 elliptical, 5-6 x 3-3-5^,. Woods, dead stumps, chips, and sawdust. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 **St. coloured. 
 fGills brownish, ochraceous, or cinnamon. 
 
 577. I. Cookei Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 121. 
 
 Mordecai Cubitt Cooke, the eminent English mycologist. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., yellowish straw colour, becoming lurid yellowish, fleshy, 
 conico-campanulate, then expanded and umbonate, margin at length 
 revolute and split, silky-fibriUose, then rimose. St. 4-7 cm. x 5-7 mm., 
 concolorous, equal, silky fibrillose, base marginately bulbose. Gills 
 whitish cinereous, then yellowish cinnamon, attenuated behind, ad- 
 nexed, crowded, somewhat ventricose, margin white, fimbriate. Flesh 
 whitish straw colour. Spores ochraceous, subreniform, 8-10 x 5-5-5/z. 
 Smell somewhat pleasant when young, becoming somewhat earthy. 
 Fir woods. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 578. I. mimica Massee. (= Inocybe adequata Britz. sec. Cke.) 
 
 fjLifju/cd, a mimic. 
 
 P. 6-8 cm., yellow-brown, everywhere covered with large, adpressed, 
 slightly darker, fibrous scales, fleshy, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, 
 fibrillose. St. 6-8 x 1 cm., paler than the p., equal, fibrillose. Gills 
 yellow-brown, deeply sinuate, attached to the stem by a very narrow 
 portion, broad. Flesh brownish. Spores brown, subcylindrical, 14- 
 16 x 6-8/x, with an oblique apiculus. Woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 579. I. rhodiola Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 200, as Inocybe frumen- 
 tacea (Bull.) Bres. poSov, a rose. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., rufous-chestnut, or fuscous flesh colour, fleshy, campanu- 
 late, then expanded and umbonate, fibrillosely cracked, centre even. 
 St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., vinous, fibrilloso-squamulose, becoming glabrous, 
 apex pallid, subfloccose. Gills white, then yellowish umber, often spotted 
 with brownish umber, sinuato-uncinate, almost free, crowded, edge 
 fimbriate. Flesh white, vinous at the base of the stem. Spores yellowish, 
 subreniform, 12-13 x 6-8/4, or 9-10 x 5-7 p, 1-2-guttulate. Cells on 
 edge of gills, clavate, or subfusoid, 45-60 x 12-15ju,. Smell fruity. 
 Woods, fields, and parks. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 206 INOCYBE 
 
 580. I. hirsute (Lasch) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 86, fig. 2. 
 
 Hirsuta, bristly. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., fuscous, or ochraceous fuscous, disc sometimes tinged with 
 green, slightly fleshy, conico-campanulate, then expanded, and 
 acutely or obtusely umbonate, squarrose with fasciculato-pilose scales, 
 margin fibrillose, fimbriate. St. 4-9 cm. x 2-6 mm., concolorous, base 
 verdigris, somewhat equal, or somewhat thickened at the base, tough, 
 fibrillose, apex white floccoso-scaly. Gills pallid, then fuscous cinnamon, 
 adnate, crowded, narrow, edge whitish, fimbriate. Flesh pallid, be- 
 coming faintly tinged with red on exposure to the air, greenish in the 
 stem. Spores ochraceous, oblong pip-shaped, 9-11 x 4-5/x. Woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 581. I. calamistrata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 106, fig. 2. 
 
 Calamistrata, curled with the curling-iron. 
 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., fuscous, slightly fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, margin 
 at first bent inwards, often repand, at length flattened, everywhere 
 squarrose-scaly, St. 4-9 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, base dark azure 
 blue, rigid, tough, equal, somewhat rooting, squarrose throughout with 
 rigid, recurved scales. Gills white, then ferruginous, adnexed, separating, 
 crowded, broad, edge whitish, somewhat serrated. Flesh reddish, 
 azure blue at the base of the stem. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 10- 
 11 x 6/i. Smell strong. Pine, and fir woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 I. echinata (Roth) Cke. = Lepiota haematosperma (Bull.) Boud. 
 tfGills tinged olive. 
 
 582. I. destricta Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 121. Destricta, stripped off. 
 P. 4-8 cm., livid violet tinged brownish, fleshy, campanulate, covered 
 
 longitudinally with darker fibrils, then torn into scales, rimosely cracked. 
 St. 5-10 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, covered with darker fibrils, apex 
 mealy. Gills olivaceous, uncinately adnate, narrow, 4 mm. wide. 
 Flesh whitish violaceous, deeper coloured under the cuticle, reddish at 
 the base of the stem. Spores olivaceous, often slightly curved, oblong, 
 11-13 x 5-5-7 p,, multi-guttulate. Cystidia none 1 . Woods, and under 
 poplars. July Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 583. I. fastigiata (Schaefi.) Fr. (= Inocybe Curreyi Berk. sec. Massee.) 
 Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 57. Fastigiata, having a gable. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., straw colour, yellow fuscous, sometimes fuscous brown, 
 disc ochraceous, or livid-fulvous, fleshy, conico-campanulate, obtusely, 
 or acutely umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose and cracked, rarely ad- 
 pressedly scaly; margin sometimes lobed. St. 4-9 cm. x 4-8 mm., 
 pallid, becoming fuscous, equal, slightly enlarged downwards, minutely 
 fibrillose, often twisted with age. Gills yellow, then olivaceous, sinuato- 
 1 Massee and Ricken have a different plant in view as they describe cystidia.
 
 INOCYBE. ASTROSPORINA 207 
 
 free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white. Spores brownish, pip-shaped, 
 7-10 x 4-5 /z, 1-guttulate. "Cystidia only on the edge of the gills, 
 bottle-shaped-clavate, 50-60 x 1 5-20 /A " Rick. Woods, and pastures. 
 June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 III. Insufficiently described. 
 
 584. I. mamillaris Pass. 1 Mamilla, a teat. 
 P. white, convex, mammillate, squamulose. St. white, hollow, equal, 
 
 flexuose. Gills emarginato-adnexed. Spores smooth. 
 
 585. I. phaeocephala (?Bull.) Cke. Cke. lUus. no. 425, t. 396. 
 
 <ato<?, dusky; /ee</>aX?;, head. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., fuliginous, becoming brownish, subcampanulate, rarely 
 flattened and umbonate, smooth. St 7-13 cm. x 8-14 mm., grey, 
 with brownish lines, base white and swollen, naked. Gills yellowish 
 bistre colour, free, semilunate, very broad. Spores bright ferruginous 
 red, elliptical, 6 x 4/t. Pine, and mixed woods. Oct. Rare 
 
 586. I. schista Cke. & Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 423, t. 504. o^aro?, split. 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., bay brown, obtusely campanulate, broadly subumbo- 
 
 nate, cracking longitudinally, rather fibrillose. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., paler 
 than the p., equal, twisted, solid. Gills rufescent, adnate with a decur- 
 rent tooth, rather broad; edge pale, serrate. Lawns. May. Rare. 
 
 /. subrimosa (Karst.) Sacc. = Astrosporina asterospora (Quel.) Rea. 
 
 /. scabella (Fr.) Bres. = Inocybe flocculosa Berk. 
 
 /. tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. = Flammula tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. 
 
 7. strigiceps Fr. = Flammula strigiceps Fr. 
 
 7. Curreyi Berk. = Inocybe fastigiata (SchaefL) Fr. 
 
 7. adequata Britz. = Inocybe mimica Massee. 
 
 7. lanuginosa Fr. sec. Bataille = Astrosporina sabuletorum (B. &Curt.) 
 
 Rea. 
 7. violaceo-fusca Cke. & Massee = Cortinarius (Dennocybe) violaceo- 
 
 fuscus (Cke. & Massee) Massee. 
 7. Trinii (Weinm.) Bres. = Inocybe Godeyi Gill. 
 7. hiulca (Fr.) Kalchbr. = Inocybe Godeyi GiU. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, irregular, angular, 
 
 echinulate, or verrucose. 
 
 Astrosporina Schroet. 
 
 (aa-T^p, star; <riropd, seed.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Veil marginal, fugacious. Stem fleshy, cen- 
 tral. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochraceous, 
 1 Massee, Eur. Fung. Fl. Agar. p. 156.
 
 208 ASTROSPOBINA 
 
 ferruginous, olivaceous, or fuscous; angular, nodose, verrucose, 
 echinulate, or irregular in shape. Cystidia present, or absent, fusi- 
 form, ventricose, cylindrical, or clavate. Growing on the ground, 
 rarely caespitose. 
 
 I. Cystidia present. 
 *Stem whitish, or pallid. 
 
 587. A. fibrosa (Sow.) Rea. (= Inocybe fibrosa (Sow.) Fr.) Bres. 
 Fung. Trid. t. 56, as Inocybe fibrosa Sow. Fibrosa, fibrous. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., white, or straw colour, sometimes spotted yellow, fleshy, 
 obtusely campanulate, then expanded and gibbous, or broadly um- 
 bonate, silky, at length cracking; margin deeply split, often lobed. 
 St. 6-10 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white, base at length straw colour, subequal, 
 striate, or somewhat sulcate, apex pruinose. Gills white, becoming 
 cinereous-cinnamon with age, attenuated behind, nearly free, crowded. 
 Flesh white. Spores ochraceous, angular, oblong, 10-13 x 5-7 /i. 
 Cystidia fusoid, 70-90 x 10-16/u, thick walled. Smell foetid. Coni- 
 ferous woods. May Sept. 
 
 588. A. duriuscula Rea. (= Inocybe duriuscula Rea.) Trans. Brit. 
 Myc. Soc. in, t. 3, as Inocybe duriuscula Rea. 
 
 Duriuscula, somewhat hard. 
 
 P. 6-7 cm., fulvous ochraceous, disc becoming pale, fleshy, campanu- 
 late, then expanded and gibbous, floccose, soon longitudinally fibril- 
 lose; margin at length revolute. St. 8x1-5 cm., white, enlarged at 
 the apex and base, firm, striate, apex ribbed with the decurrent teeth of 
 the gills. Gills white, becoming fuscous, sinuato-adnate with a decurrent 
 tooth, 6-8 mm. wide, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, very firm. 
 Spores umber, strongly nodulose, 9-10 x 7-8 p, 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 ventricose, 52-60 x 13-15/u, abundant. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 589. A. proximella (Karst.) Rea. (= Inocybe proximella Karst.) 
 Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 2, as Inocybe proximella Karst. 
 
 Proximella, somewhat near. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., pallid yellow, disc, and especially the umbo, becoming 
 rusty brown, or bay, fleshy, conico-convex, then expanded and umbo- 
 nate, becoming longitudinally fibrillosely cracked. St. 6-8 x -5-1 cm., 
 pallid, slightly narrowed upwards, often attenuated at the base, 
 sometimes wavy, subfibrillose. Gills pallid, then tan, finally brown, 
 adnate, 6-7 mm. wide, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white. Spores fer- 
 ruginous, nodulose, irregularly oblong, 7-10 x 5-7 ft, 1-guttulate. 
 Cystidia ventricose, 55-70 x 15-24/u,, abundant. On the ground. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 ASTROSPOBINA 209 
 
 590. A. praetervisa (Quel.) Schroet. (= Inocybe praetervisa Quel.) 
 Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 5, as Inocybe praetervisa Quel. 
 
 Praetervisa, overlooked. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., fawn, generally darker at the margin, conico-campanu- 
 late, then expanded, umbonate, or gibbous, often splitting at the 
 margin with age, slightly viscid, fibrillose, disc glabrous, soon longi- 
 tudinally virgate. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, then pale straw colour, 
 equal, base bulbous, apex pruinose. Gills white, then dirty cinnamon, 
 attenuated behind, adnexed, almost free, narrow, 3 mm. wide, 
 crowded; edge white, fimbriate. Flesh white. Spores dark brownish in 
 the mass, ochraceous under the microscope, angular, 9-11 x 5-6 /x, 
 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia fusiform, ventricose, 55-75 x 18-30/u,, some- 
 what fuscous at the apex, "sometimes with olive granular contents" 
 Rick. On the ground under conifers. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 591. A. lanuginella Schroet. Lanuginella, somewhat floccose. 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., tawny, or greyish brown, campanulato-convex, then 
 
 plane, obtusely umbonate, fibrillose, cracked ("fibrils septate, apical 
 cell 35-40 x 8-llju, with rounded ends" Schroeter). St. 1-5- 
 5 cm. x 1-5-5 mm., pallid, apex at first delicately tinged with lilac, 
 base brownish, equal, fibrillose. Gills pallid, then cinnamon, 2-3 mm. 
 wide, slightly adnexed, somewhat crowded, edge fimbriate. Flesh 
 white, tinged reddish under the cuticle of the pileus and stem, thick at the 
 disc, thin at the margin of the pileus, firm. Spores cinnamon in the 
 mass, oblong, obtusely angular, 8-11 x 5-7 /*. Cystidia hyaline, 
 either fusiform, ventricose, obtuse at the apex, muriculate or not, 
 40-70 x 15-23 /LI, or acicular and acute. On the ground in oak woods. 
 Aug. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 592. A. infida (Peck) Rea. (= Agaricus (Hebeloma) infidus Peck, 
 Inocybe umbratica Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 58, fig. 2, as 
 Inocybe commixta Bres. Infida, unsafe. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 2-3 cm., fleshy, conico-campanulate, then ex- 
 panded and umbonate, silky-fibrillose ; margin often split. St. 3- 
 4 cm. x 3-6 mm., minutely pruinose, equal, apex mealy, base bulbous. 
 Gills white, then greyish-cinnamon, free, very crowded, edge minutely 
 fimbriate. Flesh white, somewhat straw colour at the base of the 
 stem. Spores ochraceous, angular, globose-oblong, 9-10 x 6-7 p. 
 Cystidia fusiform or subventricose, somewhat fuscous at the apex, 
 40-45 x 12-14/t. Smell earthy, strong. Taste mild. Coniferous woods. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 593. A. trechispora (Berk.) Rea. (= Hebeloma trechisporum Berk.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 443, t. 403, upper figs., as Inocybe trechispora 
 Berk. Tpa^vs, rough; <nropd, seed. 
 
 P. 1-52-5 cm., whitish, or cinereous, umbo tawny, submembrana- 
 ceous, convex, strongly umbonate, viscid at first, then dry and silky; 
 
 B. B. B. 14
 
 210 ASTROSPORINA 
 
 margin paler with a slight livid tinge, thin. St. 5 cm. x 4 mm., white, 
 equal, often flexuose, with a mass of white mycelium at the base, 
 slightly striate under a lens and mealy. Gills whitish, then pinkish 
 grey, emarginate, scarcely adnate, ventricose, margin denticulate. 
 Flesh white. Spores bistre-brown, warted, angular, 7-8 x 5-6 /n. 
 Cystidia fusoid, or subventricose, 40-50 x 12-18/>t, fairly abundant. 
 Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 **Stem coloured. 
 
 594. A. asterospora (Quel.) Rea. (= Inocybe asterospora Quel., Ino- 
 cybe subrimosa Sacc., Clypeus subrimosus Karst.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 430, t. 385, as Inocybe asterospora Quel. 
 
 ao'Trip, star; <nropd, seed. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., bistre, with brown striae, convex then expanded and 
 umbonate, becoming rimose. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., reddish, streaked 
 with brown fibrils, pubescent, equal, base marginately bulbous, cuticle 
 separable. Gills whitish bistre, then cinnamon, emarginate, ventricose, 
 thin. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, stellately-nodulose, sub- 
 globose, 9-12/M. Cystidia ventricose, 33 x 18/M, abundant. Smell 
 mouldy. Woods, and under trees. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 595. A. fasciata (Cke. & Mass.) Rea. (= Inocybe fasciata Cke. & 
 Massee.) Cke. Illus. no. 1164, 1. 1173, as Inocybe fasciata Cke. & 
 Massee. Fasciata, bound together in bundles. 
 
 Densely caespitose. P. 5-7-5 cm., tawny, disc rufous, campanulato- 
 convex, silky, clad with minute, darker, squarrose scales. St. 5-7-5 cm. 
 x 3-10 mm., pallid, base reddish, equal, or a little attenuated below, 
 fibrillose. Gills pallid, attenuated in front, rounded behind, or slightly 
 sinuate, crowded. Flesh white, reddish towards the base of the stem. 
 Spores fuscous, angular, elliptical, 10 x 6/x. Cystidia ventricose, 
 40-50 x 12-15/n, scanty. Amongst grass. Rare. 
 
 596. A. lanuginosa (Bull.) Schroet. (= Inocybe lanuginosa (Bull.) 
 
 Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 117, as Inocybe lanuginosa Bull. 
 
 Lanuginosa, woolly. 
 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., umber, at length becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, hemi- 
 spherical, or campanulato-convex, then expanded and umbonate, 
 fiocculosely-scaly, disc squarrose with hairy scales. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2- 
 3 mm., somewhat concolorous, equal, fibrillosely-squamulose', cortina 
 greyish white, soon disappearing. Gills pallid clay colour, then reddish 
 cinnamon, rounded behind, adnexed, then separating, somewhat 
 crowded; margin white, fioccosely crenulate. Flesh pallid. Spores 
 fuscous ochraceous, angular, 10-15 x 8-9/n. Cystidia cylindrical, or 
 clavate, 50-60 x 20-25 /M, somewhat fuscous at the apex. Mossy stumps, 
 especially conifers, "never on the ground" Bres. July Nov. Un- 
 common, (v.v.)
 
 ASTROSPORINA 211 
 
 597. A. calospora (Quel.) Kea. (= Inocybe calospora Quel.) Bres. 
 Fung. Trid. t. 21, as Inocybe calospora Quel. 
 
 Ka\6s, beautiful; cnropd, seed. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., fuscous rufescent, becoming somewhat yellowish, some- 
 what fleshy, conico-campanulate, then expanded and umbonate, 
 fibrillosely villose, then covered with adpressed, concolorous squamules', 
 margin whitish, fibrillose. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., livid then rufescent, 
 apex white-pruinose, base subbulbose. Gills pallid, then tawny cinna- 
 mon, free, ventricose, crowded; edge white-pruinose. Flesh somewhat 
 concolorous. Spores ferruginous in the mass, bright ochraceous under 
 the microscope, globose, 10-14/z, bluntly warted. Cystidia fusiform, 
 45-55 x S-Wfj,, somewhat fuscousatthe apex, scanty. Taste slightly acid. 
 Deciduous woods, and under trees. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 598. A. Gaillardii (Gillet) Rea. (= Inocybe Gaillardi Gillet.) 
 
 A. GaiUard. 
 
 P. 13 cm., tawny-yellow, or rust colour, convex, then plane, umbo- 
 nate, fioccosely squamulose; margin fimbriate. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., 
 concolorous. Gills brownish cinnamon, free, ventricose; edge whitish. 
 Flesh concolorous, or paler. Spores ferruginous, globose, covered with 
 long, slender, hyaline spines, 8/z,, or 10-12/n, including the spines. 
 Cystidia subcylindrical, 40-45 x 10/A, scanty. Woods, and under 
 trees. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 599. A. seabella (Fr.) Schroet. (= Inocybe scabella (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 110, fig. 1, as Inocybe scabella Fr. Scaber, rough. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., fuscous, or fuscous rufescent, somewhat fleshy, conical, 
 then expanded, umbonate, silky-fibrillose, at length torn into scales 
 around the even umbo. St. 4 cm. x 12 mm., rufescent, or becoming 
 pale, apex pruinose, equal, tense and straight, or flexuose. Gills 
 dingy, becoming fuscous, adnexed, more or less crowded. Flesh dingy. 
 Spores bistre, warted, angular elliptical, 8x6/4. Cystidia ventricose 
 fusiform, 55-65 x 12-15ju,. Woods, and amongst short grass. Sept. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 600. A. Trinii (Weinm.) Rea. (= Inocybe Trinii (Weinm.) Fr.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 435, t. 428, lower figs., as Inocybe Trinii Weinm. 
 
 Carl Bernard Trinius, the Russian botanist. 
 P. 1-2 cm., whitish with a rufous tinge due to longitudinal rufous 
 fibrils, tawny when dry, hemispherical, obtuse. St. 4-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 white, covered with loose reddish, or rufous fibrils, equal, apex white- 
 mealy. Gills dusky cinnamon, rounded behind, adnexed, ventricose, 
 edge white-fiocculose. Flesh white. Spores angular, subglobose, or 
 somewhat oblong, 9-10 /i, or 9-10 x 6-8/i. Cystidia ventricose, 50- 
 60 x 14-17/A, abundant. Smell pleasant, like clove-pinks. Woods, 
 and amongst grass. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 142
 
 212 ASTROSPORINA 
 
 601. A. maritima (Fr.) Rea. (= Inocybe maritima Fr.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 414, t. 392, as Inocybe maritima Fr. 
 
 Maritima, pertaining to the sea. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., fuscous, or mouse colour, becoming hoary when dry, 
 hygrophanous, fleshy, somewhat soft, convex, then flattened, obtuse, or 
 umbonate, flocculosely fibrillose, more or less adpressedly scaly. St. 
 2-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., a little paler than the pileus, equal, fibrillose, at 
 first furnished with a cortina. Grills fuscous-grey, then becoming fer- 
 ruginous, rounded, adnexed, somewhat separating, ventricose. Flesh 
 becoming fuscous-grey. Spores ferruginous, angular, oblong, 9-10 x 6/x, 
 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 4555 x 12-18ju,. Often caespitose. 
 Sea shores, and sandy ground in woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 602. A. Rennyi (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Inocybe Rennyi B. & Br.) Cke. 
 lUus. no. 442, t. 520, fig. A, as Inocybe Rennyi B. & Br. 
 
 J. Renny, a British mycologist. 
 
 P. 1 '5-2 cm., pale fawn colour, disc brown, hemispherical, slightly 
 fibrillose. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., paler than the p., attenuated down- 
 wards, fibrillose. Gills dingy ochraceous, rounded behind, almost free. 
 Spores ochraceous, angular, slightly nodulose, oblong, 11-13 x 7- 
 8/i, pointed at one end. Cystidia fusoid, 40-50 x 12-16/z, scanty. 
 On the ground. 
 
 var. major (Massee) Rea. (= Inocybe Rennyi B. & Br. var. major 
 
 Massee.) Cke. Illus. no. 442, t. 520, fig. B, as Inocybe Rennyi 
 
 B. & Br. var. Major, larger. 
 
 Differs from the type in its larger size, and slightly nodulose spores, 
 
 13-17 x 10/Lt. Fir woods. Nov. 
 
 603. A. sabuletorum (B. & Curt.) Rea. (= Inocybe sabuletorum B. & 
 Curt., and Inocybe lanuginosa Fr. sec. Bataille.) 
 
 Sabuletorum, of sandy places. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., umber, at length becoming yellowish, slightly fleshy, con- 
 vex, then expanded, obtuse, or somewhat umbonate, velvety, the pile 
 becoming matted together into little squamules, which stand erect at the 
 disc. St. 2-4 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, tough, equal, fibrillosely 
 squamulose, or downy, apex white mealy. Gills clay colour, then fer- 
 ruginous, sinuate, or separating free, thin, ventricose; edge white, 
 minutely fimbriate. Flesh concolorous. Spores ferruginous, angular, 
 9-10 x 6-7 p. Cystidia fusoid, or ventricose, 45-50 x 12-15/z, some- 
 what scanty. Woods. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 604. A. fulva Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. Fulvus, tawny. 
 P. 3-4 cm., tawny, darker at the disc, fleshy, convex, then expanded, 
 
 longitudinally adpressedly fibrillose; margin thin. St. 5-6 cm. x 5-
 
 ASTROSPORINA 213 
 
 6 mm., concolorous, apex lilac colour becoming pale, equal, slightly 
 attenuated at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, then ochraceous, 
 margin whitish, sinuato-adnate, 6-7 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. 
 Flesh white, becoming reddish in the stem, thin. Spores deep ochraceous, 
 oblong, angular, 10 x 5-G-5//,. Cystidia hyaline, bladder-like, obtuse, 
 42 x 20/A, thin walled, often slightly granular at the apex. Bare 
 ground in frondose woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 605. A.fulvella (Bres.) Rea. (= Inocybe fulvella Bres.) Trans. Brit. 
 Myc. Soc. n, t. 8, as Inocybe fulvella Bres. Fulvus, tawny. 
 
 P. 6-12 mm., olivaceous honey colour with the umbo somewhat darker, 
 then becoming yellowish, or fuscous olive with the umbo tawny, conico- 
 campanulate, then expanded, and umbonate, flocculosely silky, 
 glabrous at the centre, somewhat hygrophanous. St. 2-3 cm. x 1- 
 2 mm., lilac, soon changing to rufescent, attenuated downwards, apex 
 white-pruinose. Gills lilac, then cinnamon, rounded behind, and 
 almost free, ventricose, 1-5 mm. wide, subdistant, edge fimbriate. 
 Flesh yellowish, lilac at the apex of the stem and then rufescent. Spores 
 ferruginous, angular, warted, 7-9 x 5-6/A. Cystidia fusiform, ventri- 
 cose, 45-60 x 10-18/A, somewhat fuscous at the apex. Amongst moss. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 606. A. Bucknallii (Massee) Rea. (= Inocybe Bucknallii Massee.) 
 Annals of Bot. xvm (1904), t. 32, figs. 5, 6, as Inocybe Bucknalli 
 Massee. Cedric Bucknall, the Bristol mycologist. 
 
 P. 12 cm., brownish, campanulato-convex, fibrillose, disc with a 
 few squamules. St. 2-4 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, equal, or slightly 
 thickened at the base, fibrillose. Gills rusty-brown, adnexed, thick, 
 rather distant, edge minutely fimbriate. Spores irregularly oblong, 
 15-17 x 89/1,, angular, apiculate at one end. Basidia clavate, ex- 
 ceptionally large, 70-80 x 16-18ju,, 4-spored. Cystidia on edge of 
 gill only, clavate, 75-85 x 15-20/x, thin walled. Under bushes. 
 Autumn. Rare. 
 
 607. A. petiginosa (Fr.) Rea. (= Hebeloma petiginosum Fr., Inocybe 
 petiginosa (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 114, fig. 4, as Hebeloma peti- 
 ginosum Fr. Petiginosa, scurfy. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., fuscous at the gibbous, naked disc, hoary-silky with 
 superficial, closely adpressed fibrils at the circumference, when old 
 rufescent, or becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, conical, then convex, 
 somewhat umbonate. St. 2-55 cm. x 2 mm., brick rufescent, be- 
 coming fuscous, tough, equal, or slightly attenuated at the base, 
 white pulverulent. Gills light yellow, then olivaceous-date-brown, beauti- 
 fully ciliated under a lens, at first slightly adnexed, soon free, ventri- 
 crowded. Flesh cream colour, rufescent in the stem. Spores 

 
 214 ASTROSPORINA. TRICHOLOMA 
 
 olivaceous, angular, warted, oblong, 8-9 x 5-6 /z. Cystidia fusiform, 
 48-65 x 9-10/i. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 II. No cystidia. 
 
 608. A. margaritispora (Berk.) Eea. (= Inocybe margaritispora Berk.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 432, t. 505, as Inocybe margaritispora. 
 
 Hapyapirris, a pearl; (nropd, seed. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., fawn colour, or pale yellowish-brown, campanulate, then 
 expanded and broadly umbonate, undulating, silky, clad with ad- 
 pressed fibrillose scales. St. 6-10 cm. x 5-8 mm., pallid, equal, fibril- 
 lose. Gills pallid, reaching the stem, scarcely adnate. Flesh yellowish. 
 Spores ochraceous, coarsely warted, subglobose, 8/z. On the ground. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 III. No record given in the diagnosis whether cystidia 
 are present or not. 
 
 609. A. plumosa (Bolt.) Rea. (= Inocybe plumosa (Bolt.) Fr.) Boud. 
 Icon. t. 118, as Inocybe plumosa (Bolt.) Fr. 
 
 Plumosa, feathered. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., dark fuliginous, campanulate, then expanded, umbo- 
 nate, fibrillose, squamulose with recurved scales especially at the darker 
 disc. St. 4-6 cm. x 48 mm., concolorous, squamulosely fibrillose, apex 
 naked. Gills concolorous, adnate, fairly wide. Flesh pallid, concolorous 
 under the pellicle of the pikus and stem. Spores olivaceous, or fuliginous, 
 angular, 8-12 x 5-7 /A. Pine woods. Aug. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 A. leucocephala (Boud.) Rea. (= Inocybe leucocephala Boud.) Massee 
 makes this a synonym for Astrosporina infida (Peck) Rea, but 
 this requires confirmation. 
 
 A. hiulca (Fr.) Rea. (= Inocybe hiulca (Fr.) Bres.) This Astrosporina 
 has erroneously been recorded as British, but the specimens 
 should have been referred to Inocybe Godeyi Gill. 
 
 ***Gills sinuate. 
 
 Spores white. 
 
 Tricholoma Fr. 
 
 (6pi%, hair; Xw/ia, fringe.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, margin incurved. Stem central, fleshy. Gills 
 sinuate, sinuato-adnate, or decurrent by a tooth. Spores white, 
 rarely pinkish, or yellowish in the mass ; elliptical, oval, pip-shaped, 
 globose, subglobose, or oblong; smooth, punctate, verrucose, or 
 echinulate, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the 
 ground, very rarely on wood, sometimes forming large rings.
 
 TRICHOLOMA 215 
 
 A. P. viscid, fibrillose, scaly or pubescent. 
 (a) Gills not changing colour. 
 
 610. T. equestre (Linn.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 24, figs. 1-12. 
 
 Equestre, belonging to the order of knights. 
 
 P. 7-5-12-5 cm., pale yellowish, sulphur-olive, olivaceous, brick 
 rufescent, disc and innate squamules darker, becoming fuscous, com- 
 pactly fleshy, unequal, convex, then plane, very obtuse, flexuoso- 
 repand, viscid. St. 2-55 x 1-52-5 cm., sulphur-yellow, hard, squamu- 
 lose. Gills sulphur-yellow, or sulphur-olive, emarginate, or rounded, 
 scarcely adnexeu, broad, somewhat ventricose, crowded. Flesh 
 whitish, yellow under the cuticle of the p., thick. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, 6 x 3/z. "Cystidia on edge of gill cylindrical-clavate, 30- 
 36 x 10-14^, filled with yellow juice" Rick. Taste pleasant. Edible. 
 Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 611. T. cdryphaeum Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 76. 
 
 tcopv(f)aio<>, a leader. 
 
 P. 512 cm., yellowish, disc darker, punctate with brown squamules, 
 fleshy, ccnvexo-campanulate, then plane, sometimes broadly umbo- 
 nate, somewhat viscid, soon dry. St. 57 x 1 cm., white, tinged with 
 yellow in the middle, apex white mealy, base obclavate, or fusiform and 
 somewhat rooting. Gills white with a yellow margin, often grey at the 
 base, sometimes connected by veins, emarginate, crowded, broad. 
 Flesh white, citron-yellow under the epidermis, thick. Spores white, 
 subglobose, 5-6 x 4-5ju,, 1-guttulate. Taste somewhat bitter. Beech 
 woods. Sept. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 612. T. sejunctum (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 126. 
 
 Sejunctum, separated. 
 
 P. 7 -5-10 cm., light yellow, streaked with innate fuscous fibrils, con- 
 vex, then expanded, gibbous, viscid in wet weather; margin yellowish, 
 or white, villous, becoming torn. St. 6-12-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white, 
 tinged with yellow, ventricose, then elongated, apex delicately squamu- 
 lose. Gills shining white, sometimes tinged with yellow, emarginate, 
 broad, subdistant. Flesh white, yellowish under the cuticle of the p. 
 and in the St., fragile. Spores white, subglobose, 5-7 p. Smell of new 
 meal. Taste slightly bitter. Mixed woods, especially oak, and pine. 
 Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 613. T. portentosum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 24, upper figs. 
 
 Portentosum, monstrous. 
 
 P. 7-5-12-5 cm., fuliginous, livid, sometimes violaceous, streaked with 
 black, innate fibrils, fleshy, convexo-plane, subumbonate, unequal, 
 repand, viscid. St. 7-5-15 x 2-5 cm., white, becoming tinged with 
 sulphur-yellow, or greenish glaucous, equal, sometimes attenuate-
 
 216 TRICHOLOMA 
 
 rooted at the villous base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, becoming 
 straw colour, or glaucous, rounded, almost free, broad, distant. Flesh 
 white, often tinged with yellow or greenish, very thin at the margin of the 
 p., fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/n, 1-guttulate. Taste 
 pleasant. Edible. Pine, and fir woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 614. T. fucatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 24, lower figs. Fucatum, painted. 
 P. 5-10 cm., lurid yellow, or cinereous light yellow, variegated with 
 
 bistre, tiger-like spots, disc darker, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, often 
 irregular, viscid, soon dry. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 8-12 mm., straw colour, 
 streaked with fibrils that become blackish, apex white, pruinose, fragile, 
 subequal. Gills whitish, deeply emarginate, 6-10 mm. broad, some- 
 what crowded, fragile. Flesh yellowish, thin, fragile. Spores white, 
 "subglobose, 5-6 x 5/u," Rick. Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Un- 
 common. 
 
 615. T. quinquepartitum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 25. 
 
 Quinque, five; partitum, divided. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., pallid light yellow, margin paler, fleshy, convex, then 
 plane, obtuse, umbonate, repand, viscid, fragile. St. 6-10 cm. x 12- 
 15 mm., white, or whitish, equal, or attenuated upwards, striate. Gills 
 white, emarginate, 12 mm. broad, not crowded. Flesh white, fragile, 
 thin at the margin. Spores "5-6 x 3-4/u," Sacc. Taste mild. Pine 
 woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. 
 
 616. T. resplendens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 29, upper figs. 
 
 Resplendens, shining brightly. 
 
 Entirely shining white, becoming yellowish externally and internally. 
 P. 5-10 cm., silvery shining when dry, often with hyaline spots, disc 
 becoming yellow, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, viscid ; margin 
 straight, thin. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 12-15 mm., equal, or subbulbous, 
 sometimes curved, apex slightly flocculose. Gills emarginate, some- 
 what crowded, 6-8 mm. broad, equally attenuated in front. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 8 x 4/i. "Cystidia on edge of gill basidia-like, 30- 
 36 x 8-9/z" Rick. Smell pleasant, taste mild. Beech, and hazel 
 woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 617. T. spermaticum (Paul.) Fr. (= Tricholoma columbetta Fr. sec. 
 
 Quel.) Gillet, Hym. t. 62. (nreppa, semen. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 4-9 cm., somewhat fleshy, convex, then flattened, 
 obtuse, repand, viscid, shining when dry, and often becoming yellow- 
 ish; margin involute. St. 5-9 x 1-5-2 cm., twisted. Gills emarginate, 
 subdistant, eroded. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 5-6/u, verrucose. 
 Smell strong, taste unpleasant. Oak, and fir woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 TBICHOLOMA 217 
 
 (6) Gills changing colour, generally with reddish spots. 
 T. colossum Fr. = Armillaria colossa (Fr.) Boud. 
 
 618. T. nictitans Fr. (= Tricholoma acerbum Bull. sec. Quel.) Hussey, 
 
 Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 46. Nictitans, winking. 
 
 P. 5-6 cm., brownish red, becoming yellow, disc darker, fleshy, convex, 
 then flattened, obtuse, viscid. St. 7-5 cm. x 12 mm., pallid light 
 yellow, equal, or attenuated upwards, base truncate, elastic, dry, apex 
 squamulose. Gills light yellow, rufescent spotted when old, rounded 
 adnexed, crowded, rather broad, subventricose. Flesh white, thin. 
 Spores white, "elliptical, 7-8 x 5/i" Massee. Taste pleasant. Mixed 
 woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 619. T. ful vellum Fr. Fulvus, tawny. 
 P. 2-5-8 cm., pale yellowish rufescent, or tan colour, fleshy, convex, 
 
 then plane, viscid, disc darker, dotted wrinkled. St. 4-7-5 x 1 cm., 
 whitish rufescent, fibrillose, apex naked. Gills white, then rufescent, 
 rounded, then emarginate, crowded. Flesh often more or less yellow. 
 Spores white, "subglobose, 4-5 /z" Massee. Beech woods. Oct. 
 Nov. Rare. 
 
 620. T. aurantium (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Armillaria aurantia (Schaeff.) 
 
 Fr. Hym. Eur.) Fr. Icon. t. 27, upper figs., as Armillaria 
 
 aurantia Schaeff. Aurantium, orange coloured. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., rusty orange colour, disc often darker, fleshy, convex, 
 
 then plane, obtuse, viscid, obsoletely innato-squamulose, or almost 
 
 smooth. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous with concentric, orange 
 
 scales, apex white, mealy, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards. Gills 
 
 white, then tinged with rufous, emarginate, adnexed, crowded, 4 mm. 
 
 broad. Flesh white, reddish in the st. Spores white, elliptical, 6- 
 
 7 x 4-5/i, 1-guttulate. Smell very pleasant. Taste bitter. Edible. 
 
 Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 621. T. fulvum (DC.) Fr. (= Tricholoma flavo-brunneum Fr. Hym. 
 Eur.) Fr. Icon. t. 26, upper figs., as Tricholoma flavo-brunneum Fr. 
 
 Fulvum, tawny. 
 
 P. 7-5-15 cm., reddish brown, or rufous tawny with a darker disc, 
 fleshy, conico-convex, then flattened, broadly gibbous, viscid, streaked 
 with fibrils, or innately squamulose. St. 7-5-12-5 cm. x 12 mm., 
 rufescent, or becoming fuscous, streaked with rufous fibrils, attenuated 
 at both ends, equal only when smaller, viscid at first, apex naked. Gills 
 light yellow, spotted rufous when old or touched, emarginate, decurrent 
 by a tooth, crowded. Flesh white, sulphur-yellow in the stem. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4 /u, 1-guttulate; "basidia on edge of gill filled 
 with yellowish juice" Rick. Smell of new meal, or rancid. Decidu- 
 ous woods, and heaths under birches. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.)
 
 218 TBICHOLOMA 
 
 622. T. albobrunneum (Pers.) Fr. (= Tricholoma striatum (Schaeff.) 
 
 Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 27, figs. 7-11. 
 
 Albus, white; brunneum, brown. 
 
 P. 7-5-10 cm., rich brown, or chestnut, fleshy, compact only at the 
 papillose disc, campanulate, then hemispherical, viscid, streaked with 
 innate fibrils; margin incurved, often wrinkled-crenate. St. 4-5 x 2-5- 
 4 cm., rufescent, constantly white at both ends, equal, dry, apex white mealy. 
 Gills white, becoming pale, or rufescent, rounded emarginate, scarcely 
 crowded, very broad, 6 mm. and more wide, firm. Flesh white, scissile. 
 Spores white globose, or elliptical, 4-6 x 4/x, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. 
 Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 623. T. irregulare Karst. In, not; regulare, regular 
 P. 10 cm., pale, tinged tawny rufous, convex, then expanded, very 
 
 irregular, rather viscid, fibrillosely virgate. St. 6-9 x 1-5-3 cm., white, 
 equal, curved, apex fiocculose. Gills white, then reddish, or spotted, 
 emarginate. Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 3-4 x 2-3/it. 
 Smell strong of meal. 
 
 624. T. ustale Fr. Gonnerm. & Rabenh. t. 14, fig. 2. Ustale, burnt. 
 P. 3-8 cm., bay brown rufous, disc darker, fleshy, not compact, 
 
 hemispherico-expanded, umbonate at first, soon plane, obtuse, viscid, 
 smooth. St. 5-7 cm. x 12 mm., rufescent, apex whitish, equal, some- 
 what rooted, dry, fibrillose, often rufous scaly downwards. Gills white, 
 at length rufescent, emarginate, with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, 
 rather broad. Flesh white, becoming reddish in places when broken. 
 Spores white, subglobose, 5 x 4-5/x, 1-guttulate. Taste bitter. Pine 
 woods, and under larches. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 625. T. pessundatum Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 21, no. 39. 
 
 Pessundatum, ruined. 
 
 P. 6-9 cm., bay brown, or rufescent, paler or whitish at the margin, 
 compactly fleshy, convex, then expanded, very obtuse, granulate, or 
 guttato-spotted, viscid. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5 cm., white, covered with small, 
 brownish granules, bulbous at first, then somewhat equal. Gills white, 
 then rufescent, deeply emarginate, somewhat free, crowded. Flesh 
 white. Spores white, globose, 5/x, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal, 
 taste acid, and bitter. Edible. Fir woods, heaths, and pastures. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 626. T. stans Fr. (= Tricholoma striatum Schaeff. sec. Quel.) Fr. 
 
 Icon. t. 28, as Tricholoma pessundatum Fr. Stans, standing. 
 
 P. 7-12 cm., rufescent, compact, convex, then flattened, smooth, 
 
 viscid. St. 5-7-5 x 1-5-2 cm., whitish, tinged rufescent, squamulose, 
 
 somewhat equal. Gills whitish, stained reddish on the margin, rounded 
 
 behind, crowded. Flesh reddish under the cuticle. Spores white,
 
 TRICHOLOMA 219 
 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 5/z, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal. Pine woods. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 T. russula (Schaeff.) Fr. = Hygrophorus rassula (Schaeff.) Quel. 
 T.frumentaceum (Bull.) Fr. = Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.) Quel. 
 B. P. never viscid; torn into scales, or fibrillose. 
 (a) Gills not changing colour. 
 
 627. T. rutilans (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 18, no. 32. 
 
 Rutilans, becoming reddish. 
 
 P. 520 cm., yellow, densely covered with granular, purplish downy 
 scales, fleshy, campanulate, then convex and flattened, often umbo- 
 nate. St. 6-9 x 1-2-5 cm., light yellow, besprinkled with purple, 
 squamulose flocci, bulbous, then ventricose. Gills sulphur-yellow, 
 sinuato-adnate, crowded, broad; margin thickened, obtuse, floccose. 
 Flesh light yellow, golden when broken, soft, thick. Spores white, 
 globose, or elliptical, 5-8 x 4-7 /i. Cystidia "on edge of gill, clavate, 
 or clavate-capitate, rarely fusiform, 60-175 x 20-36/1," Kick. Taste 
 mild. Poisonous. Stumps of conifers. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 628. T. variegatum (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1117, t. 642. 
 
 Variegatum, variegated. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm., yellowish, covered with purple-reddish flocci, slightly 
 fleshy, fragile, convex, then flattened. St. 5-6 x -5 cm., yellowish, 
 equal, curved, sometimes bulbous, rarely sprinkled with purple red- 
 dish flocci, generally smooth. Gills light yellowish white, adnate, narrow, 
 crowded, thin. Flesh pallid, yellowish in the st. Spores white, sub- 
 globose, 7 x 6/i, with a large central gutta. On rotten wood, and pine 
 stumps. June Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 629. T. decorum (Fr.) Quel. (= Pkurotus decorus Fr. Hym. Eur., 
 
 Clitocybe decora Fr. Icon. t. 60, upper figs., Tricholoma rutilans 
 
 (Schaeff.) Fr. sec. Dumee). Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 10, 
 
 as Pleurotus decorus Fr. Decorum, beautiful. 
 
 P. 5-12 cm., yellow, covered with linear, bistre fibrils that become 
 
 black with age, fleshy, brittle, convex, then expanded, or depressed, 
 
 often excentric. St. 6-10 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, covered with fibrils 
 
 that blacken with age, equal, slightly enlarged at the base, often twisted. 
 
 Gills golden yellow, adnate, or sinuato-adnate, 5-10 mm. broad, 
 
 crowded, often separating from the p. when old, edge uneven. Flesh 
 
 pale yellow, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4-5/tt, with a large 
 
 central gutta. Taste bitter. Stumps of conifers. Sept. Oct. Un- , 
 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 630. T. centurio Kalchbr. (= Tricholoma molybdinum (Bull.) Quel., 
 
 Clitocybe ampla Pers. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 4, fig. 2. 
 
 Centurio, captain. 
 P. 7-5-12-5 era., fuscous, then livid, acorn-shaped, then campanulate,
 
 220 TRICHOLOMA 
 
 strongly umbonate, at length expanded, and somewhat repand, cuticle 
 breaking up into adpressed fibrils ; margin splitting. St. 7-10 x 5 cm., 
 white, ventricose, obsolet ely fibrillose. Gills pallid, deeply emarginate, 
 almost free, 6-8 mm. wide, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thick. 
 Spores white, globose, minute. Taste mild. Pine woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 631. T. luridum (Schaeff.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 31, 
 
 figs. 48. Luridum, lurid. 
 
 P. 10 cm., lurid, becoming yellow cinereous, sometimes light yellow, 
 disc darker, convex, then plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, irregularly 
 shaped, dry, the cuticle breaking up into free, brown fibrils ; margin 
 fimbriate. St. 5-7-5 x 1-2-5 cm., whitish or yellowish, unequal, fibril- 
 lose. Gills whitish, or glaucous, then greyish, emarginate, broad, very 
 crowded. Flesh whitish, soft, fibrous. Spores white, "elliptical, 12 x 7- 
 8/A, 1-guttulate" Bat. Smell of new meal. Taste mild. Fir woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 632. T. guttatum (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Tricholoma amarum (A. & S.) 
 
 Quel., Tricholoma gentianeum Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. 
 
 t. 31, figs. 9-12. Guttatum, spotted. 
 
 P. 7-5-12 cm., cinnamon, or pale yellowish, disc darker, fleshy, con- 
 vex, then flattened, broken up into granular, or fioccose squamules ; 
 margin involute at first, white fioccose, remotely sulcate. St. 5-8 
 x 1-5 cm., white, subequal, mealy. Gills snow-white, emarginate, de- 
 current in the form of lines, very crowded. Flesh white. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 4-6 x 3/n. Smell and taste bitter, somewhat acrid. Woods. 
 Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 633. T. truncatum (Schaeff.) Quel. (= Hebeloma truncatum (Schaeff.) 
 
 Fr.) Boud. Icon. t. 26. Truncatum, maimed. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., somewhat rufous, or yellowish tawny, convex, then de- 
 pressed, undulato-repand, very irregular, smooth, then minutely floe- 
 cose; margin whitish, or flesh colour, lobed, incurved, pruinose. St. 
 4-9cm. x S-\Om.m., white, equal, firm, pruinoselytomentose. Gillscmm 
 colour, then flesh colour, emarginate with a tooth, narrow, often crisped, 
 branched and anastomosing. Flesh white, firm. Spores yellowish in the 
 mass, uncoloured under the microscope, elliptical, 5-8 x 3-4/it. Smell 
 weak. Taste somewhat bitter. Edible. Fir, and deciduous woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 634. T. psammopum Kalchbr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 3, fig. 2. 
 
 
 
 ^, sand; TTOU?, foot. 
 P. 3-5 cm., tawny brown, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, 
 or slightly umbonate, minutely fibrillosely squamulose, or smooth. St. 
 5-7 x 1-5 cm., concolorous, equal, or ventricose, attenuated at the base,
 
 TRICHOLOMA 221 
 
 granularly punctate from, the breaking up of the epidermis, apex white. 
 Gills straw, or flesh colour, emarginate, adnate by a tooth, ventricose, 
 subdistant, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, or whitish, firm. Spores white, 
 subglobose, 4-5 x 3-4/>i, 1-guttulate. Taste mild, then slightly bitter. 
 Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 635. T. amarum (A. & S.) Quel. (= Clitocybe amara Fr., Tricholoma 
 guttatum Schaeff., and Tricholoma gentianeum Quel. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Amarum, bitter. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., rufescent, or becoming fuscous, then becoming pale whitish, 
 fleshy, pliant, convex, then flattened, obtuse, often unequal, and 
 Tepaud,fibrittosely-silky, becoming smooth and rivulose; margin paler, 
 or whitish, thin, involute at first, tomentose. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 12 mm., 
 white, equal, attenuated at the white floccose base, tough, elastic, 
 firm, tomentose, often striate. Gills white, adnato-decurrent, or 
 sinuate, crowded, thin, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, compact. Spores 
 white, subglobose, 6 x 5/u., 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant. Taste very 
 bitter. Woody places, and hedgerows. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 636. T. opipamm (Fr.) Quel. (= Clitocybe opipara Fr.) FT. Icon. 
 
 t. 49, upper figs., as Clitocybe opipara Fr. var. major Fr. 
 
 Opiparum, splendid. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., yellowish flesh colour, pale yellow, or rosy flesh colour, 
 very fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, delicately flocculose at first, 
 then very smooth, shining. St. 4-7 x 1-2 cm., white, often becoming dis- 
 coloured, firm, equal, or slightly attenuated at the base, smooth. Gills 
 white, adnate, or adnato-decurrent, equally attenuated behind, 
 crowded, 6-8 mm. broad, often connected by veins. Flesh white, com- 
 pact. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4/u,, 1-guttulate. Smell and 
 taste very pleasant. Edible. Mossy places under trees. Oct. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 637. T. columbetta Fr. (= Eypophyllum spermaticum Paul. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Fr. Icon. t. 29, lower figs. Columba, a pigeon. 
 
 Entirely shining white, occasionally spotted with red or blue. P. 
 5-10 cm., disc sometimes greyish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, ob- 
 tuse, flexuose, dry, at first smooth, then silky-fibrillose, becoming even, 
 or squamulose; margin incurved, tomentose. St. 7-510 x 2-5 cm., 
 equal, or unequal, sometimes attenuated at the base, often fibrillosely 
 striate and tinged with bluish green towards the base. Gills somewhat 
 emarginate, almost free, 4-6 mm. broad, often subserrulate. Flesh 
 white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Smell 
 and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 222 TRICHOLOMA 
 
 638. T. scalpturatum Fr. (= Tricholoma argyraceum (Bull.) Quel.) 
 
 Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 151. Scalpturatum, engraved. 
 
 P. 5-7*5 cm., whitish, or greyish, becoming fuscous with the adpressed 
 scattered, floccose, umber, or rufescent scales, fleshy, conical, then con- 
 vex and flattened, often umbonate, floccose when young; margin 
 fibrillosely tomentose. St. 3-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., whitish, equal, either 
 thickened, or attenuated at the base, firm, adpressedly fibrillose. Gills 
 white, or greyish white, becoming yellow, or spotted with yellow, emar- 
 ginate, almost free, crowded, ventricose. Flesh whitish, becoming cine- 
 reous, thin, slightly firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-7 x 3-4/x, 1 
 2-guttulate. Fir woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 (b) Gills rufescent, or becoming cinereous, edge often 
 spotted red, or black. 
 
 639. T. imbricatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 30. 
 
 Imbricatum, covered with tiles. 
 
 P. 7-5-10 cm., rufous umber, torn into squamules except at the disc, 
 fleshy, broadly convex, then flattened, and obtuse, very dry; margin thin, 
 at first inflexed, pubescent, then naked. St. 4-5 x 2-5 cm., brownish, 
 ventricose, base either conico-bulbous, or attenuated, adpressedly 
 fibrillose, apex white, mealy. Flesh white, often becoming discoloured, 
 firm, compact, thick. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 x 3-5/i, with a 
 large central gutta. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 640. T. vaccinum (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 80, t. 60. 
 
 Vaccinum, cow-like. 
 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., rufous, torn up into floccose, squarrose, or when smaller, 
 adpressed scales, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, dry; 
 margin involute, very woolly, tomentose for a short distance on the p. 
 over the base of the gills. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 8-16 mm., brownish, equal, 
 thickened, or attenuated at the base, fibrillose, cortinote. Gills whitish, 
 then spotted rufous, and at length rufescent, slightly sinuate, almost 
 adnate, subdistant, 6-12 mm. broad. Flesh white, then reddish, firm, 
 thick. Spores white, subglobose, 6-8 x 6-7 /A. Taste somewhat acrid. 
 Coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 T. immundum Berk. = Collybia fumosa (Pers.) Quel. 
 
 641. T. inodermeum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1120, t. 945. 
 
 t?, fibre; Sepyu.a, skin. 
 
 P. 25 cm., fuscous becoming reddish, becoming torn up into fibrils, 
 and variegated with radiating scales, slightly fleshy, conico-campanulate, 
 acute, then rather convex and subumbonate. St. 7-8 cm. x 3-5 mm., 
 whitish, becoming rufescent, firm, equal, scarcely fibrillose, apex white 
 mealy. Gills white, becoming spotted red when touched, free, or slightly
 
 TRICHOLOMA 223 
 
 adnexed, very broad, strongly ventricose, almost semicircular, distant. 
 Flesh white, slightly reddening, thin, fibrous in the stem. Spores white, 
 elliptical, obtuse at both ends, more rarely with a basal apiculus, 
 7-9 x 4-5//,,3-4-guttulate. Coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 642. T. unguentatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 31, upper figs. 
 
 Unguentatum, anointed. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., cinereous, or greyish brown, slightly fleshy, campanu- 
 late, then expanded, umbonate, covered withfioccose, viscid squamules', 
 margin at first inflexed, then spreading, smooth. St. 7-10 x 1-2-5 cm., 
 grey, or white, equal, firm, laxly fibrillose. Gills dirty white, emarginate, 
 crowded, very broad. Flesh white, firm. Pine woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 643. T. gausapatum Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 35, figs. 1-4. 
 
 yava-aTrrjs, a shaggy woollen cloth. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., cinereous grey, fleshy, somewhat thin, bullate, or ob- 
 tusely campanulate, then expanded, repand, densely tomentose with 
 superficial, separating, silky, adpressed fibrils ; margin white, incurved, 
 woolly. St. 5-6 x 1 cm., shining white, equal, blunt, laxly fibrillose, 
 cortinate. Gills grey, emarginate, free, crowded, 4 mm. broad, edge 
 often uneven. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 p. 
 Woods, and grassy places. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 644. T. terreum (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Tricholoma triste (Scop.) Quel.) 
 
 Terreum, earthy. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., fuscous, mouse grey, bistre, or blackish, slightly fleshy, 
 campanulate, then expanded, repand when larger, often umbonate, 
 villous, for the most part floccoso-scaly, sometimes broken up into 
 dark innate, adpressed, fibrils ; margin inflexed, naked. St. 5-8 cm. 
 x 8-12 mm., white, or grey, equal, fioccosely fibrillose, apex white 
 pruinose. Gills white, becoming cinereous, emarginate, subdistant, 
 6 mm. broad, edge uneven. Flesh whitish grey, thin, soft, fragile, 
 scissile. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 5-7 x 4-5ja, 1-guttulate. 
 Taste slightly acid. Edible. Coniferous, and beech woods. Jan. 
 Dec. Very common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. atrosquamosum Chev. Cke. Illus. no. 85, t. 51. 
 
 Ater, black; squama, a scale. 
 
 Differs from the type in the small black squamules on the p. and in 
 the apex of the stem having a few black squamulose points. Woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 645. T. argyraceum (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma scalpturatum Fr. sec. 
 
 Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 36, figs. 14-18. 
 
 apyvpos, silver. 
 
 P. 5-7 cm., whitish, or pale grey, covered with grey scales and fibrils, 
 disc darker, often speckled with yellow, or bistre, convex, then plane,
 
 224 TRICHOLOMA 
 
 subumbonate; margin white. St. 4-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., white,or greyish, 
 equal, often covered with small, blackish scales. Gills whitish, often 
 tinged with yellow, sinuato-adnate, crowded. Flesh greyish. Spores white, 
 pip-shaped, or almond-shaped, 5-6 x 3-5-4/z, with a large central 
 gutta. Beech, oak, and pine woods. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 646. T. chrysites (Jungh.) Gillet. ^pvcrLrr)^, like gold. 
 P. 4-5 cm., brownish black, often stained yellowish, campanulate, 
 
 then plane, umbonate, covered with floccose scales ; margin yellowish. 
 St. 4-5 cm. x 8-12 mm., white, often tinged with yellow, equal, slightly 
 fibrillose, base reddish. Gills white, stained yellowish, especially at the 
 edge, sinuato-adnate. Flesh yellowish. Spores white, elliptical, 
 6-7 x 4 /*. Pine woods, and under pines. Sept. Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 var.. virescens Wharton. Cke. Illus. no. 1118, t. 641, as Tricholoma 
 
 argyraceum Fr . var . virescens Cke . Virescens, becoming green . 
 
 Differs from the type in the p., St., and gills becoming greenish. 
 Woods. Sept. 
 
 647. T. orirubens Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. n, t. 1, fig. 2. 
 
 Os, mouth; rubens, becoming reddish. 
 
 P. 6-8 cm., grey, disc brownish black, fragile, convex, then plane, 
 smooth and pruinose, then shaggy. St. 5-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., white, 
 streaked with rose colour, more or less coloured blue, or greenish at the 
 base, fusiform, fibrillose. Gills white, edge reddish, emarginate, distant, 
 undulating. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 6/i. Smell of 
 new meal. Taste unpleasant. Woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 648. T. triste (Scop.) Fr. Triste, sad. 
 P. 3-4 cm., dark grey, minutely scaly fibrillose, slightly fleshy, 
 
 conico-campanulate, then convex and umbonate; margin involute, 
 fibrillose, appendiculate with the white, arachnoid veil. St. 3-5 cm. x 5- 
 12 mm., white, with a fuscous ring-like mark, the remains of the arach- 
 noid veil, floccose, then smooth. Gills whitish becoming cinereous, 
 emarginato-adnexed, narrow, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores 
 white, subglobose, 3-4 x 3/x, with a large central gutta. Under 
 beeches. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 T. ramentaceum (Bull.) Quel. = Armillaria ramentacea (Bull.) Fr. 
 
 649. T. murinaceum (Bull.) Fr. Murinaceum, like mice. 
 P. 510 cm., blackish brown, covered with darker, longitudinal fibres, 
 
 and cracked, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, or gibbous; margin 
 dark, incurved, woolly. St. 5-7 x 2-5 cm., concolorous, longitudinally 
 streaked with blackish fibrils, thickened at the base. Gills white, then 
 grey, deeply sinuate, very broad, fragile, often undulated and blackish
 
 TRICHOLOMA 225 
 
 on the edge, distant. Flesh white, then greyish, thick. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/n. Smell strong, unpleasant. Taste unpleasant. 
 Mixed woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 650. T. squarrulosum Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 4. 
 
 Squarrulosum, scaly. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., fuscous, densely covered with squarrose, blockish squamules, 
 fleshy, convex, then expanded, dry; margin fibrillose, exceeding the 
 gills. St. 4-5 cm. x 5-7 mm., concolorous, equal, or incrassated at 
 the base, densely covered with blackish, fuscous squamules. Gills grey, 
 becoming reddish when touched, sinuato-adnexed, almost free, 6-7 mm. 
 broad, crowded. Flesh greyish, then white. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 7-8 x 4-5/u,, with a large central gutta. In pine, and oak woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 651. T. horribile Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 7. 
 
 Horribile, terrible. 
 
 P. 10-12 cm., fuscous, and densely covered with dark fuscous squa- 
 mules, that become squarrose with age especially on the disc, the p. 
 becoming tinged with a pink background at maturity, fleshy, convex, 
 then expanded; margin thin exceeding the gills. St. 8-9 x 2cm., 
 white, smooth, incrassated at the base. Gills whitish, then pinkish, 
 emarginate, very broad, 2 cm. wide, crowded, edge uneven. Flesh 
 white, becoming pinkish, everywhere covered with fuscous spots, which 
 on the interior of the p. suggest that its squamules have been riveted 
 through the depth of the flesh. Spores white, globose, 5/t. Under 
 beech trees. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 C. Cuticle of the p. rigid, punctate-granulate, or broken 
 up into glabrous squamules when dry. 
 (a) Gills white, or pallid, not spotted. 
 
 652. T. macrorhizum (Lasch) Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 3, fig. 1, as Tricho- 
 
 loma macrocephalum Schulz. pa/epos, long; pia, root. 
 
 P. 20-30 cm., ochraceous, then darker, fleshy, compact, convex, then 
 plane, depressed at the disc, at first smooth, then broken up in a 
 tesselated manner. St. 1015 x 5-6 cm., whitish, ochraceous downwards, 
 very minutely granular, ventricose, prolonged into a thick, blunt, white 
 root, deeply sunk in the soil. Gills pallid, deeply emarginate, almost 
 free, attenuated in front, scarcely crowded, 12-18 mm. broad. Flesh 
 white, firm, becoming light yellow when broken. Spores white, "irregu- 
 larly globose, Qfj, " Massee. Smell very unpleasant, corpse-like Taste 
 unpleasant. Under oaks in pastures. Sept. Nov. Rare. 
 
 653. T.compactumFr. Fr. Icon. t. 35, upper figs. Compactum, compact. 
 P. 7-15 cm., cinereous-livid, fleshy, convex, then plane, smooth, 
 
 dry, glabrous. St. 3-5 x 3 cm., white, attenuated upwards, smooth, 
 
 15 

 
 226 TRICHOLOMA 
 
 polished. Gills yellow, rounded, subdistant. Flesh white, spongy, 
 compact, softer in the stem. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 p,, guttu- 
 late " Quel. Woods. Rare. 
 
 654. T. cartilagineum Fr. non Bull. Fr. Icon. t. 33. 
 
 Cartilagineum, cartilaginous. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., blackish, becoming black-dotted from the cuticle breaking 
 up into minute granules, fleshy, rigid, convex then expanded, gibbous, 
 undulated ; margin persistently incurved, pubescent at first. St. 2-5-5 
 x 2-5 cm., shining white, firm but fragile, equal, polished. Gills white, 
 then pale grey, emarginato-sinuate, crowded, moderately thin, 4 mm. 
 broad. Flesh white, not compact, somewhat fragile. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 5-6 x 4/n, with a large central gutta. Grassy places in woods, 
 pastures, and under pines. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 655. T. tenuiceps Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1121, t. 1166. 
 
 Tennis, thin; caput, head. 
 
 P. 5-8 CTO.., fuliginous, fleshy at the disc, convex, obtuse, or some- 
 times slightly gibbous, dry, granular. St. 7-5 x 2-5 cm., ochraceous 
 white, tough, slightly attenuated upwards, minutely granular, base 
 abrupt, furnished with long, spreading, cord-like mycelium. Gills white, 
 adnexed, rounded behind, attenuated in front, 4 mm. broad, ventri- 
 cose. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /x,. 
 Amongst grass under trees. July. Uncommon. 
 T. loricatum Fr. = Clitocybe cartilaginea (Bull.) Bres. 
 
 656. T. atrocinereum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 31, lower figs. 
 
 Ater, black; cinereum, ash-coloured. 
 
 P. 3-4 cm., cinereous, disc prominent, darker, fleshy, convexo-plane, 
 smooth, dry, becoming rimosely incised and revolute at the margin. 
 St. 5-7-5 cm. x 8 mm., whitish, equal, slightly striate with longitudi- 
 nally adpressed fibrils, apex naked. Gills hyaline white, free, or decur- 
 rent with a tooth, or arcuato-adnexed, somewhat ventricose, thin, 
 crowded. Flesh hyaline when moist, hygrophanous, fragile. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /u,, minutely punctate. Smell of new meal. 
 Grassy ground, and coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 657. T. cuneifolium Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 91, t. 52, fig. B. 
 
 Cuneus, a wedge ; folium, a leaf. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous, or livid, then grey, slightly fleshy, convex, 
 then plane, obtuse, at length depressed, pruinose. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4- 
 6 mm., pallid, attenuated downwards, rarely equal, hollow, somewhat 
 fibrillose, becoming smooth. Gills white, then greyish, ovate-wedge- 
 shaped, very much attenuated behind, very broad in front, deeply 
 sinuato-adnate, crowded, fragile, often connected by veins. Flesh
 
 TRICHOLOMA 227 
 
 white, or greyish, very thin. Spores white, subglobose, 5-6 x 5/u,, 
 minutely punctate, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal. Taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Pastures, lawns, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. griseo-rimosum (Batsch) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 92, t. 261, as var. 
 cinereo-rimosum Batsch. Griseus, grey; rimosum, full of cracks. 
 
 Differs from the type in its larger size, and the concentrically rimose 
 p. Generally abundant with the type, (v.v.) 
 
 658. T. amplum (Pers.) Rea. (=Clitocybeampla(Peis.)FT.,Tricholoma 
 
 molybdinum (Bull.) Quel., Tricholoma centurio Kalchbr. sec. 
 Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 53, as Clitocybe ampla Pers. Amplum, large. 
 
 P. 10-20 cm., dark bistre, disc reddish, becoming greyish, fleshy, 
 campanulate, then expanded, gibbous, minutely streaked with fibrils. 
 St. 9-14 x 1-5-2 cm., white, equal, thickened at the base, firm, 
 fibrillosely striate, apex mealy. Gills greyish, or yellowish, sinuato- 
 adnate, 10-12 mm. broad, subdistant, margin often toothed. Flesh 
 white, compact. Spores white, pip-shaped, 9 x 6/>t, 1-guttulate. 
 Caespitose. Woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 (b) Gills becoming reddish, or cinereous, or spotted. 
 
 659. T. saponaeeum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 88. t. 91. Sapo, soap. 
 P. 5-10 cm., fuscous livid, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, 
 
 smooth, becoming cracked, and broken up into scales in dry weather, 
 somewhat soapy when moist, margin thin, inflexed. St. 5-10 x 1-5- 
 2 cm., pallid, often becoming reddish, often unequal, curved, base 
 attenuated, often rooting. Gills white with a glaucous tinge, becoming 
 spotted with red, uncinato-emarginate, distant, thin. Flesh white, 
 often becoming reddish, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/ti, 
 1-guttulate. Smell soapy. Deciduous, and pine woods. Aug. Nov. 
 Very common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. squamosum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 89, t. 216, as var. "stipite 
 squamuloso." Squamosum, scaly. 
 
 Differs from the type in the st. being covered with darkish scales. 
 Woods, (v.v.) 
 
 var. sulphurinum Quel. Sulphurinum, sulphur coloured. 
 
 Differs from the type in the canary yellow p. and the pale yellow st. 
 and gills. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. atrovirens (Pers.) Quel. Ater, black; virens, becoming green. 
 Differs from the type in the dark green p. covered with black squa- 
 mules. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 T. crassifolium Berk. = Collybia crassifolia (Berk.) Bres. 
 
 152
 
 228 TRICHOLOMA 
 
 660. T. sudum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 34, lower figs. Sudum, dry. 
 P. 6-9 cm., greyish rufous, or brownish, fleshy, convexo-plane, then 
 
 reflexed, obtuse, often rimosely squamulose; margin paler. St. 6 
 8 x 1-5 cm., whitish, tinged with reddish, slightly attenuated upwards, 
 punctate with minute squamules, fibrillosely striate, apex dilated, base 
 white floccose. Gills whitish, becoming reddish at the edge, deeply 
 emarginate with a decurrent tooth, crowded. Flesh white, firm. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 6 x 4/x, punctate. Grassy places in woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Eare. 
 
 661. T. tumidum (Pers.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 39, figs. 1-5. 
 
 Tumidum, swollen. 
 
 P. 7-5-9 cm., cinereous-livid, disc darker, variegated with tiger-like 
 spots, subcartilaginous, irregularly shaped, bullate, then undulated 
 when expanded, at length rimosely incised, shining when dry; margin 
 tlnn,lobed. St. 7-5 x 1-5-2 cm., shining white, equal, sometimes swollen, 
 stout, striate, often attenuated and rooting at the base. Gills shining 
 white, then cinereous rufescent, emarginate, 12 mm. broad, thicker at 
 the base, subdistant. Flesh white, often tinged reddish in the St., firm, 
 rigid. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/A, granular. Smell slight, 
 pleasant. Moist pine woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 var. Keithii Phill. & Plowr. Rev. Dr J. Keith. 
 
 Differs from the type in the cinereo-rufescent p., the dirty white st., 
 
 with brownish innate fibrils, becoming tinged with red especially near the 
 
 base, and in often having a strong smell of new meal. Pine woods. Oct. 
 
 662. T. hordum Fr. Hordum, pregnant. 
 P. 8 cm., grey, disc darker, soon cracking, and covered with minute, 
 
 squarrose scales, slightly fleshy, campanulato-expanded, then plane, 
 subumbonate, revolute, dry. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, or greyish, 
 equal, striate. Gills white, becoming cinereous, emarginate, broad, 
 subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, "subglobose, 10/x, with a 
 large central gutta" Quel., "elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /u" Kick. Taste 
 mild. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 663. T. virgatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 34, upper figs. Virgatum, striped. 
 P. 5-10 cm., grey-cinereous, umbo often darker, fleshy, rigid, convex, 
 
 then flattened, subumbonate, very dry, streaked with fine black innate 
 fibrils, or black squamules', margin straight, naked. St. 7-5-10 x 1- 
 1-5 cm., whitish, or greyish, firm, equal, or tuberous at the very base, 
 striate, sometimes squamulose. Gills white, then greyish, becoming 
 hoary, broadly emarginate, 6-10 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh greyish 
 white, becoming white in the st., thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 
 67 x 4 5/z, punctate. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate, 45 x 10- 
 !3fjL, filled with darkish juice " Rick. Taste very bitter when young, 
 then mild. Mixed, and pine woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 TBICHOLOMA 229 
 
 664. T. elytroides (Scop.) Fr. eXvrpov, a cover; e'Sos, like. 
 P. 6-9 cm., mouse grey, or brownish black, slightly fleshy, convex, 
 
 then plane, obtuse, fragile, very dry, rough with crowded, erect minute 
 granules, disc floccosely scaly, becoming hoary when old. St. 7- 
 8x 1-1 -5 cm., white, becoming cinereous, attenuated downwards, 
 covered with erect, light grey fibrils. Gills cinereous, then pruinose, 
 deeply emarginate, very broad, somewhat thick, fragile, veined at 
 the base. Flesh white, sometimes becoming reddish, thick at the disc. 
 Spores white, 6-7 x 4-5 /z, or "5-6 x 3-5-4 p. " Sacc. Smell weak, of 
 new meal. Grassy places. Oct. Rare. 
 
 665. T. opicum Fr. Opicum, clownish. 
 P. 2-5-3-5 cm., grey, or brownish grey, disc blackish, slightly fleshy, 
 
 convex, then expanded, obtusely, or conically umbonate, at length 
 split, revolute, very dry, smooth, then minutely squamulose; margin 
 often white, or whitish. St. 47-5 x -5 cm., pallid, becoming cinereous, 
 somewhat shining, equal, fibrillose, becoming smooth. Gills white, or 
 slightly greyish, becoming hoary, broadly emarginate, ventricose, some- 
 what thick, scarcely distant. Flesh greyish, very thin at the margin. 
 Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Rare. 
 
 D. P. at first slightly silky, soon becoming smooth, very dry. 
 (a) Gills broad, rather thick, subdistant. 
 
 666. T. sulphureum (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 96, t. 62. 
 
 Sulphureum, sulphur coloured. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., sulphur yellow, disc dingy, or rufescent, fleshy, globose, 
 then convexo-plane, subumbonate, at length depressed, unequal, silky, 
 becoming smooth. St. 5-11 x 1 cm., concolorous, equal, often curved, 
 striate. Gills sulphur yellow, adfixed, narrowed behind, arcuato- 
 emarginate, rather thick, distant. Flesh yellow. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, 9-10 x 4 5/x. Smell pleasant, of gas tar. Oak, and mixed 
 woods. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 667. T. bufonium (Pers.) Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 39, fig. 1. Bufo, a toad. 
 P. 3-7 cm., umber, fuscous tan, or tawny, disc rufescent, fleshy, con- 
 vexo-plane, subumbonate, silky, becoming smooth, rugulose. St. 4- 
 5 cm. x 8-14 mm., yellow, or tinged with red, equal, or attenuated 
 at the base, fiocculose. Gills yellow tan, pallid, arcuato-subdecurrent, 
 subdistant, margin often irregular. Flesh yellow. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 5/x. Smell weak, of gas tar. Pine woods, and pastures. 
 Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 668. T. lascivum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 38, upper figs. Lascivum, wanton. 
 P. 5-9 cm., pallid tan, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then plane, 
 
 obtuse, at length somewhat depressed, delicately silky, then smooth,
 
 230 TBICHOLOMA 
 
 dry; margin at first involute. St. 7-5-11 x 1 cm., whitish, becoming 
 discoloured, rigid, equal, fibrillose, apex white pruinose; base tomentose, 
 white. Gills whitish, arcuato-adnexed, at length arcuato-decurrent, 
 thin, crowded, broad. Flesh white, compact. Spores white, elliptical, 
 67 x 4 5/Lt. Smell very pleasant, like that of the flowers of Syringa 
 vulgaris according to Quelet. Deciduous woods. Sept. Nov. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. robustum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 99, t. 217. Robustus, strong. 
 
 Differs from the type in being more robust, in the p. being almost 
 
 white, and in there being scarcely any perceptible odour. Pastures. May. 
 
 669. T. inamoenum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 38, lower figs. 
 
 Inamoenum, unpleasant. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., dingy white, fleshy, convex, then flattened, subumbonate, 
 very dry, slightly silky, then smooth, or cracked. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 6- 
 12 mm., white, firm, equal, pruinose, villous. Gills shining white, 
 emarginate with a decurrent tooth, or adnato-decurrent, plane, rather 
 thick, very broad, very distant. Flesh white, firm, thick at the disc. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 6-7 /n, with a large central gutta. 
 Cystidia "clavate, with a prominent point, 33-40 x 9-12/i" Eick. 
 Smell "pleasant, like honeysuckle " Quelet. Fir woods. Sept. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. insigne Massee. Insignis, striking. 
 
 Differs from the type in the decurrent gills. 
 
 670. T. interveniens Karst. Interveniens, intermediate. 
 P. 8 cm., tan, becoming pale, fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed, 
 
 silky, then smooth, somewhat shining; margin involute, distantly 
 rugulose. St. 11 x 1 cm., pallid, equal, fibrillose, apex pruinose, base 
 tomentose, rooting. Gills becoming pale, arcuato-adnexed, crowded. 
 Flesh watery. Spores white, oblong, attenuated at both ends, 6-7 x 2- 
 2-5/z. Smell almost none. Mixed woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 (6) Gills thin, crowded, narrow. Small, inodorous. 
 
 671. T. cerinum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 39, upper figs. 
 
 Cerinum, wax coloured. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., dingy wax colour, or becoming fuscous, fleshy, convex, 
 then flattened, obtuse, at length depressed, very opaque, very dry, 
 silky, then smooth; margin often paler. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-8 mm., light 
 yellow, often fuscous at the base, equal, fibrillosely striate. Gills dark 
 yellow, or wax colour, sinuato-adnexed, separating, horizontal, plane, 
 very thin, very crowded, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin, firm. Spores 
 white, "2-3x2-3/i" Rick. Taste becoming bitter. Fir woods. 
 July Oct. Rare.
 
 TRICHOLOMA 231 
 
 672. T. fallax Peck. Fallax, deceptive. 
 P. 2-5 cm., yellow, disc sometimes rufous, thin, convex, then ex- 
 panded, rarely depressed at the centre, moist, smooth. St. 2-5 cm. 
 x 3 mm., pale yellow, base sometimes narrowed. Gills white, then 
 yellowish, adnexed, rounded behind, crowded. Flesh thin. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/i. Under firs. Sept. Rare. 
 
 673. T. onychinum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 39, lower figs. 
 
 Onychinum, yellowish marble colour. , 
 
 P. 4-6 cm., dingy purple, or reddish bay, fleshy, convexo-plane and 
 umbonate, then expanded and obtuse, very dry, opaque; margin 
 paler, somewhat silky, narrowly incurved, striate. St. 4-6 cm. x 4- 
 8 mm., pallid, or yellow, apex becoming purple, then lilac, delicately 
 fibrillosely silky, equal. Grills dark yellow, adnexed, then free, plane, 
 horizontal, rounded behind, rather crowded, 24 mm. broad, unequal. 
 Flesh white, becoming yellow, thin, firm. Spores white, ovoid, 4-5/u, 
 punctate. Smell and taste pleasant. Under pines, and in fir woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 674. T. ionides (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 24. iov, violet; eZSo?, like. 
 P. 3-6 cm., deep violet, becoming paler, fleshy, campanulato-convex, 
 
 then plane, often umbonate, becoming smooth; margin incurved, 
 pruinose. St. 3-6 cm. x 7-12 mm., paler violet, elastic, attenuated 
 downwards, or thickened at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, 
 becoming yellowish, emarginate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, 
 6 mm. broad, edge uneven. Flesh white, tinted violet in the p., and at 
 the base of the st. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3/x, 1-2-guttulate. 
 Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Moist woods, especially beech, 
 and open pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. pravum (Lasch) Fr. Pravum, deformed. 
 
 Differs from the type in being smaller, thinner, and more fragile, and in 
 its fuscous-reddish, fuscous-purple, lilac-reddish, or livid colour. Stoves. 
 July. 
 
 675. T. persicolor Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 25. Persicum, peach ; color, colour. 
 P. 1-2 cm., ochraceous reddish yellow, convex, then flattened, slightly 
 
 umbonate, hygrophanous, smooth. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-6 mm., con- 
 colorous, equal, smooth. Gills whitish, tinged slightly with the colour of 
 the p., sinuate, narrow, not crowded. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 4-5 x 3-3-5 /x. Pastures. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 676. T. carneum (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma carneolum Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Fr. Icon. t. 40, fig. 2, as Tricholoma paeonium. 
 
 Carneum, flesh coloured. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., red, then flesh colour, becoming pale, and shining, thin, 
 slightly fleshy, hemispherical, then convex and regular, obtuse, at
 
 232 TRICHOLOMA 
 
 length flattened and obtuse, often umbonate, smooth, dry. St. 
 2-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., flesh colour, becoming pale, attenuated downwards, 
 tough, almost cartilaginous, rigid, apex somewhat pruinose. Gills 
 shining white, rounded, somewhat free, horizontal, very crowded, wider 
 at the base, 2-3 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, 5-6 x 2-3jLt. Pastures, heaths, and downs. July Oct. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 T. carneolum Fr. = Tricholoma carneum (Bull.) Fr. 
 
 677. T. caelatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 37, lower figs. Caelatum, engraved. 
 P. 2-5-3 cm., fuscous, becoming pale grey when dry, slightly fleshy, 
 
 convex, umbilicate, smooth, becoming flocculose and rimosely cracked. 
 St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 3-5 mm., concolorous, tough, elastic, equal, or 
 slightly thickened at the pruinose apex. Gills dingy whitish, or grey, 
 sinuato-adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, slightly arcuate, 
 crowded. Flesh subfuscous, thin. Spores dingy white, elliptical, 
 8 x 4/i. Cystidia "subulate, 40-60 x 5-6 p, filled with olive yellow 
 juice " Rick. Woods, and downs. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 E. P. fleshy, soft, fragile, spotted, or rivulose. Vernal, 
 (a) GUIs whitish. 
 
 678. T. gambosum Fr. (= Tricholoma Georgii (L'Ecluse) Quel.) 
 
 Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 41, figs. 1-7. Gamba, a hoof. 
 
 P. 7-5-11 cm., ochraceous, or pale tan, fleshy, hemispherico-convex, 
 then flattened, obtuse, undulated, repand, even, smooth, spotted as 
 with drops, at length widely cracked; margin at first involute, tomentose. 
 St. 5-10 x 1-3 cm., white, or ochraceous, firm, almost equal, often 
 curved-ascending at the base; apex white, villous, striate from the 
 decurrent tooth of the gills. Gills whitish, rounded, or emarginato- 
 adnexed, with a subdecurrent tooth, sinuato-decurrent when old, 
 ventricose, 4-6 mm. wide, crowded. Flesh white, thick, soft, fragile. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/u,, 2-guttulate. Smell and taste 
 strong, of new meal. Edible. Pastures, often forming large rings. 
 April June. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 679. T. Georgii (Clus.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 41, figs. 8-11. 
 
 Georgius, Saint George. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm., ochraceous, then white, fleshy, convexo-plane, then 
 somewhat repand, often gibbous, dry, slightly floccose; margin naked. 
 St. 4-6 x 1-5-2 cm., whitish, or tinged yellowish, attenuated down- 
 wards, fibrillose. Gills whitish, attenuato-adnexed, narrow, crowded. 
 Flesh white, firm, thick. Spores white, elliptical, 56 x 3/j,. Taste 
 and smell weak, of new meal. Edible. Woods, and open downs. 
 April June. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 TRICHOLOMA 233 
 
 680. T. albellum Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 41, figs. 12-17. 
 
 Albellum, whitish. 
 
 P. 6-7 cm., yellowish, then whitish, becoming greyish when dry, 
 fleshy, conical, then convex, gibbous when expanded, moist, spotted as 
 with scales; margin thin, naked. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, 
 fibrillosety striate, often incrassated at the base. Gills white, then 
 cream colour, attenuato-adnexed, broad in front, very crowded. Flesh 
 white, thick at the disc, soft, floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 5- 
 6 x 3/ji, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste weak, of new meal. Edible. 
 Woods, and under yews. April June. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 681. T. boreale Fr. (= Tricholoma irinum (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 41, 
 
 upper figs. Boreale, northern. 
 
 P. 57-5 cm., flesh colour, then whitish tan, fleshy, very variable in 
 shape, convex, umbonate, unequal, often flexuose, smooth, cracked 
 wlien dry, margin thin, involute, naked. St. 5-7-5 x 1 cm., paler than 
 the p., attenuated downwards, often twisted and incurved, apex obso- 
 letely pruinose. Gills whitish, emarginate with a decurrent tooth, thin, 
 crowded. Flesh white, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4 5/n. 
 Smell of new meal. Grassy places in woods. June July. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 (b) Gills discoloured, rufescent, or smoky. 
 
 682. T. amethystinum (Scop.) Fr. non Quel. 
 
 Amethystinum, amethyst colour. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., livid, spotted with azure blue, fleshy, convexo-plane, 
 obtuse, repand, smooth, even, moist; margin paler, wrinkled. St. 
 35 x 11-5 cm., paler than the p., attenuated at the base. Gills white, 
 then rufescent, subadnate, crowded. Spores white, "ovoid, 7/u, long " 
 Sacc. Pine woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 T. tigrinum Fr. Icon, non Schaeff. = Hygrophorus camarophyllus 
 
 (A. & S.) Fr. 
 
 683. T. pes-caprae Fr. (= Clitocybe conglobata (Vitt.) Bres.) 
 
 Pes, foot; capra, she-goat. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., grey, becoming fuscous, variegated, fleshy, conical, then 
 expanded, umbonate, unequal, rimosely incised; margin thin, naked. 
 St. 6-7 x 1 cm., white, equal or attenuated downwards, naked. Gills 
 white, becoming cinereous, emarginate, very broad, 12-15 mm., at length 
 distant. Flesh thick at the disc. Spores white, " 6 x 4 " Sacc. Smell 
 of new meal. Edible. Open places under oaks. Oct. Nov. Kare. 
 var. multiforme (SchaefE.) Cke. Schaeff. Icon. t. 14. 
 
 Multiforme, many shaped. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, and in the irregular thinner 
 p. Lawns. Nov. Rare.
 
 234 TBICHOLOMA 
 
 F. P. compact, then spongy, obtuse, even, smooth, moist, 
 
 but not hygrophanous. 
 
 (a) Gills not discoloured. 
 
 684. T. Schumacher! Fr. Christian Friedrich Schumacher. 
 P. 5-8 cm., cinereous livid, disc darker, becoming paler and whitish, 
 
 fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, regular, smooth, moist; margin 
 exceeding the gills, inflexed. St. 7-10 cm. x 10-12 mm., white, equal, 
 villous and sometimes ventricoso-bulbous at the base, slightly striate, 
 fibrous. Gills white, or cream colour, emarginate, very crowded, plane, 
 6-8 mm. broad. Flesh white, pinkish when broken, spongy, compact. 
 Spores "elliptical, 9 x 6-7 /A, minutely punctate, glaucous" Quel. 
 Taste mild. Woods, hot-houses. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 685. T. amicum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 36, upper figs. Amicum, friendly. 
 P. 5-9 cm., fuscous, disc sometimes darker, not becoming paler when 
 
 dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, very regular, smooth. 
 St. 7-9 x 1-5 cm., white, attenuated upwards from the subbulbous 
 base, fibrillosely striate, elastic. Gills shining white, deeply emarginate, 
 almost free, distant, 6-8 mm. broad. Flesh white, brownish under the 
 cuticle, thick at the disc, rather soft. Spores "elliptical, 6 x 4/*" 
 Massee. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 686. T. circumtectum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1125, t. 1182. 
 
 Circumtectum, covered round. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., olive, or dusky, disc tawny, fleshy, convex, very obtusely 
 umbonate, or only obtuse, rarely becoming slightly depressed, crack- 
 ing slightly when old; margin incurved, tomentose, wavy. St. 3- 
 4 x 1-2 cm., whitish, firm, obclavate, or sometimes attenuated down- 
 wards, striate. Gills white, slightly sinuate, adnexed, 34 mm. broad, 
 scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, subglobose, 
 4-5 /u,. Taste pleasant. Bare ground under trees. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 687. T. patulum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 37, upper figs. Patulum, spread out. 
 P. 4-12 cm., pallid cinereous, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, 
 
 often repand, smooth. St. 4-6 x 1-3 cm., white, firm, equal, some- 
 what elastic, smooth. Gills whitish, emarginate, almost free, crowded, 
 fairly narrow, 4 mm. broad, plane, somewhat veined at the sides. 
 Flesh white, thin, not compact. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/Lt. 
 Woods and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 688. T. oreinum Fr. opeivos, hilly. 
 P. 3-9 cm., fuscous livid, fuliginous grey, or light bistre, becoming 
 
 darker, convex, slightly gibbous, then globose, and plane; margin at 
 first incurved, prolonged into a narrow membrane along the edge of the 
 gill. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-12 mm., white, rigid, fibrillosely striate, apex 
 floccosely mealy, base bulbous. Gills white, rounded, then free, crowded,
 
 TBICHOLOMA 235 
 
 thin, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh white, bistre under the cuticle. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6 JJL, minutely punctate. Cystidia lanceolate 
 subulate, 25-30 x 4-6 /z, apex shaggy, 3/j, in diam. Taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Heaths, and downs. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 689. T. album (SchaefE.) Fr. Album, white. 
 Entirely white, or becoming yellowish at the disc. P. 5-12 cm., fleshy, 
 
 convex, then flattened, becoming plane, obtuse, very dry, smooth; 
 margin at first incurved, floccosely striate over the base of the gills. St. 
 7-8 x 1-1-5 cm., elastic, attenuated upwards, subbulbous, apex 
 slightly mealy. Gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, 8 mm. broad. 
 Flesh white, thick, not compact, fibrous in the stem. Spores white, 
 broadly elliptical, 6 x 4-5 /*, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste bitter. 
 Poisonous. Mixed woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. caesariatum Fr. Caesariatum, covered with hair. 
 
 Differs from the type in being more slender, and in the silky fibrillose 
 p. Shady beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 690. T. leucocephalum Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 33, figs. 8-13. 
 
 Xeu/co?, white; ice$a\ri, head. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., white, disc sometimes becoming ochraceous, fleshy, thin, 
 tough, convexo-plane, obtuse, or often umbonate, moist, smooth, 
 when young covered with shining whitish, adpressed silky, at length 
 separating villous down; margin acute, spreading, smooth. St. 4- 
 6 cm. x 5-10 mm., white, subcartilaginous, polished, twisted, smooth, 
 rooting at the attenuated base. Gills shining white, rounded-free, 
 crowded, thin. Flesh watery, becoming whitish, thin, compact. Spores 
 white, ovoid, 6-7 x 4-6/z, minutely echinulate, 1-guttulate. Smell 
 pleasant, of new meal. Deciduous woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 (b) GiUs discoloured. 
 
 691. T. acerbum (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma nictitans Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Barla, Champ, t. 44, figs. 1-5. Acerbum, bitter. 
 
 P. 7-12 cm., yellowish buff, becoming rufous at the disc, fleshy, con- 
 vexo-expanded, smooth, moist; margin involute, viscid, tomentosely 
 ribbed over the base of the gills. St. 5-9 x 2-3 cm., white, becoming 
 yellowish, apex white, mealy, base generally bulbous, sometimes 
 attenuated. Gills pallid, then rufescent, emarginate, crowded. Flesh 
 white, compact, firm. Spores white, globose, 3-Afj,. Smell unpleasant, 
 taste bitter. Edible. Woods and downs. Aug. Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 692. T. luteocitrinum Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8. 
 
 Luteus, yellow; citrinus, citron. 
 
 P. 2-7 cm., bright yellow, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and 
 gibbous, floccose, soon breaking up into adpressed, small squamules,
 
 236 TRICHOLOMA 
 
 which become revolute and fibrillose with age ; margin citron yellow, 
 involute. St. 6-7 x 1-2 cm., whitish, spotted with yellow, attenuated 
 downwards. Gills whitish, becoming yellowish, sinuato-adnate, 4-5 mm. 
 broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, citron yellow under the epi- 
 dermis of the p., and dark yellow at the base of the stem. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 6 x 4/x, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Under larches. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 693. T. militate (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 112, t. 169. 
 
 Militare, soldier-like. 
 
 P. 10-17 cm., reddish cinnamon, fleshy, gibbous, then plane, or 
 depressed, compact, flexuous, rather smooth, viscid ; margin involute, 
 white, floccose. St. 7-12 x 2-2-5 cm., pallid, becoming stained with 
 red, fibrillosely striate, base subbulbous. Gills whitish, or reddish, 
 then livid-spotted, emarginate, somewhat crowded, torn, margin eroded. 
 Flesh white, brownish, under the cuticle of the p. and in the centre of the 
 stem, thick, compact, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/A, 1-guttu- 
 late. Smell very strong, taste unpleasant. Woods. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 694. T. civile Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 42, upper figs. Civile, citizen-like. 
 P. 69 cm., tawny yellow, becoming paler, disc darker, fleshy, fragile, 
 
 convexo-plane, obtuse, very smooth, moist, pellicle separable. St. 5- 
 8 x 23 cm., whitish, fragile, attenuated upwards from the thickened 
 base, fibrillose, or squamulose. Gills whitish, becoming yellowish, deeply 
 emarginate, almost free, crowded, 6 mm. broad, very soft. Flesh 
 whitish, soft, fragile, spongy. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 
 5-6 x 3fji. Smell none, or like hay according to Barla. Taste sweet, 
 then astringent, and bitter. Woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. 
 
 695. T. irinum Fr. (= Tricholoma boreale Fr. sec. Quel.) Trans. Brit. 
 
 Myc. Soc. rv, t. 8. ipivov, belonging to the Iris. 
 
 P. 5-12 cm., pale flesh colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, 
 moist, glabrous, sometimes obscurely virgate ; margin white, incurved, 
 pruinose. St. 6-12 x 2-3 cm., paler than the p., subbulbous, striate, 
 apex whitish, pruinose. Gills pale ochre, becoming somewhat lurid with 
 age, sinuato-adnate, narrow, 5-6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh tinted 
 pale pink, then white, firm, thick, compact. Spores dirty pink, or 
 yellowish in the mass, hyaline, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 7-9 x 4-5/i, 
 1-guttulate. Smell very pleasant, like Iris, or Viola, according to 
 Quelet. Taste mild. Edible. Pastures, and orchards. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 696. T. personatum Fr. (= Tricholoma amethystinum Quel. non Fr.) 
 
 Cke. Illus. no. 113, t. 66. Personatum, masked. 
 
 P. 6-15 cm., tan colour, fuscous, or whitish, very fleshy, thick, hemi- 
 spherical, then convex and flattened, very obtuse, regular, at length
 
 TRICHOLOMA 237 
 
 also repand, smooth, moist in rainy weather, opaque when dry; 
 margin white, involute at first, exceeding the gills, pruinose. St. 
 5-9 x 2-3 cm., whitish, covered with evanescent, Hue fibrils, equal, 
 base often bulbous, firm, sometimes very short. Gills whitish, becoming 
 discoloured, rounded, then free, broad, 10-15 mm., crowded. Flesh 
 greyish when moist, white when dry, compact, then spongy-soft, thick. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5/z, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Forming large rings in pastures. Sept. Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 697. T. saevum Gillet. Saevum, wild. 
 P. 6-9 cm., pale tawny, or tan colour, sometimes tinted with violet, 
 
 compact, fleshy, convex; margin incurved, exceeding the gills. St. 
 3-5 x 1-5-2 cm., lilac, or violaceous, apex paler, base white, slightly 
 squamulose, equal. Gills dirty white, or yellowish white, emarginate, 
 narrow, crowded. Flesh whitish, or slightly tinted with violet, thick, 
 spongy. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5ju,. Woods, and pastures. 
 Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 698. T. glaucocanum Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 2. 
 
 yKavKos, bluish grey; canum, hoary. 
 
 P. 6-9 cm., bluish grey, becoming hoary, fleshy, somewhat soft, con- 
 vex, then expanded, smooth, moist; margin involute, floccosely 
 pruinose. St. 4-5 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, becoming paler, base bulb- 
 ous, fibrillosely-striate, apex subsquamulose. Gills greyish violet, be- 
 coming hoary, emarginate, easily separating from the hymenophore, very 
 crowded. Flesh pale bluish grey, soft, thick. Spores white, elliptical, 
 6-7 x 3/x, 1-guttulate. Smell strong of new meal. Taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Coniferous, and beech woods on calcareous soil. Sept. Nov. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 699. T. nudum (Bull.) Fr. Berk. Outl. t. 4, fig. 7. Nudum, naked. 
 
 P. 7-10 cm., entirely purple violaceous, or with the disc brownish, or 
 tawny, becoming paler, fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed, obtuse, 
 even, moist; margin inflexed, thin, naked. St. 5-9 x 2 cm., violaceous, 
 becoming pale, elastic, equal, apex mealy. Gills concolorous, becoming 
 pale, rounded, then decurrent, crowded, narrow. Flesh tinged with 
 violet, becoming whitish when dry, thick at the disc. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 7 x 3-4/A, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. 
 Coniferous, and deciduous woods, rarely in pastures. Sept. Dec. 
 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 . 
 
 var. inajus Cke. Majus, larger. 
 
 Differs from the type in being larger, and more robust. Woods. 
 Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 238 TRICHOLOMA 
 
 var. lilaceum Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 3, fig. 1, as Tricholoma 
 
 sordidus Fr. Lilaceum, lilac colour. 
 
 Differs from the type in its small size, and the blue violaceous colour 
 
 of all its parts. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3ft, 1-guttulate. Woods, 
 
 and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 700. T. cinerascens (Bull, non Fr.) Quel. (= Clitocybe fumosa Fr. sec. 
 
 Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 29. Cinerascens, becoming ash-colour. 
 P. 4-10 cm., fuliginous fuscous, or livid, becoming grey when dry, 
 fleshy, firm, convex, then plane, gibbous, sometimes slightly umbonate, 
 either circinate and regular, or flexuose and undulated, smooth, some- 
 what hygrophanous. St. 5-10 cm. x 8-16 mm., whitish, often stained 
 with brown towards the base, cylindrical, or attenuated at the base, 
 fibrillose, apex pruinose, often connate at the base, or branched. Gills 
 greyish white, paler than the p., adnate, or emarginate, crowded. Flesh 
 greyish, white when dry, thick at the disc, firm. Spores white, globose, 
 5-6/u-, punctate. Taste becoming bitter. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 701. T. panaeolum Fr. (= Tricholoma nimbatum (Batsch) Quel.) Fr. 
 
 Icon. t. 36, lower figs. iravalo\o<;, variegated. 
 
 P. 510 cm., cinereous-fuliginous, becoming paler, pruinosely hoary, 
 and spotted, fleshy, convex, then plane, or here and there depressed, 
 obtuse, often repand and excentric; margin thin, involute, mealy. 
 St. 3-7-5 x 1-2 cm., whitish-grey, fragile, equal, or attenuated at the 
 base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, then grey, or dingy rufescent, 
 emarginate, or rounded, at length decurrent, very crowded, plane, 
 4 mm. broad. Flesh greyish, becoming whitish, with a horn colour line 
 at the base of the gills, thick at the disc, soft. Spores dirty pink in the 
 mass, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/i. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Form- 
 ing large rings in pastures. Oct. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 var. caespitosum Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 153. 
 
 Caespitosum, caespitose. 
 
 Differs from the type in its caespitose habit, the mealy apex ofthest., 
 and the narrower gills. Hilly pastures, and heaths. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 var. calceolum (Sterb.) Fr. Calceolus, a small shoe. 
 
 Differs from the type in the deformed p., the naked, incised margin, 
 the excentric, short, fusiform st. and the fuliginous gills. Under hazels. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 702. T. cnista Fr. (? = Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec. 
 
 Dumee.) Kvlcra, smell of burnt sacrifice. 
 
 P. 58 cm., pale tan, or whitish, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then 
 
 plane, obtuse, smooth, moist; margin incurved naked. St. 3-5 cm. 
 
 x 8-10 mm., white, tough, equal, smooth. Gills white, pallid yellow
 
 TRICHOLOMA 239 
 
 when bruised, adnexed, rounded behind, inclined to separate from 
 the p., transversely veined, crisped when dry. Flesh white, rather thick, 
 soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7-10 x 4/x,, "roughish" Eick. Smell 
 of cooked flesh. Amongst grass in open places. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 703. T. duracinum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1126, t. 640. 
 
 Durus, hard; acinum, berry. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., cinereous, fleshy, firm, convex, broadly umbonate, 
 dry, smooth, shining; margin involute. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5-3 cm., paler 
 than the p., or greyish white, attenuated upwards, striate below, apex 
 reticulately squamose. Gills cinereous, emarginate, arcuate, narrow, 
 2-3 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh nearly white, thick, firm. Under 
 cedars. Oct. Rare. 
 
 G. P. thin, subumbonate, hygrophanous (Melanoleuca Pat.), 
 (a) Gills whitish, unspotted. 
 
 704. T. grammopodium (Bull.) Fr. (=Tricholomamelaleucum (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 sec.Dumee.) Cke.Illus.no. 118, t. 98. 7pa/i/z.7,aline; 7rou9,foot. 
 P. 7-15 cm., pallid-livid, or fuscous rufous, whitish when dry, fleshy, 
 campanulate, then convex, at length flattened, obtusely umbonate, 
 smooth, moist pellicle separable. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, longi- 
 tudinally striate with bistre, or brownish fibrils, elastic, equal, base 
 thickened, firm. Gills whitish, becoming brownish, arcuato-adnate, or 
 broadly, horizontally emarginate, often acute at both ends, very 
 crowded, very many shorter gills, often branched behind. Flesh bistre 
 when moist, becoming white when dry, thick at the disc, spongy. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-6/4, punctate. Smell mouldy. Edible. 
 Forming large rings in pastures and orchards, and solitary, on leaf 
 mould, in deciduous woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 705. T. melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. (= Tricholoma arcuatum Fr. sec. 
 
 Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 44, upper figs. ^eXa<?, black; \evfcov, white. 
 P. 4-10 cm., dark fuliginous when moist, then livid fuscous, paler 
 when dry, umbo blackish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, umbonate, 
 smooth, moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish with darker striae, 
 base fuscous, elastic, thickened at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills 
 white, emarginato-adnexed, horizontal, straight, broad, more or less 
 ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, becoming fuliginous, soft. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 8 x 5/n, warted, apiculate at the base. Cystidia on 
 edge of gill lanceolate subulate, 50-60 x 10-15/u,, shaggy at the apex. 
 Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. adstringens (Pers.) Quel. Adstringens, abridged. 
 
 Differs from the type in the rigid, pitch black p. and in the white gills 
 becoming pinkish. Pastures, and downs. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.)
 
 240 TRICHOLOMA 
 
 706. T. porphyroleucum (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) 
 
 Fr. sec. Dumee.) Cke. Illus. no. 119, t. 119. 
 
 Trop^vpa, purple; \evic6v, white. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm.., fuliginous, or fuscous, becoming rufescent, with a darker, 
 evanescent umbo, fleshy, firm, convex, then plane and depressed, 
 smooth. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-9 mm., bistre, equal, striate, apex white 
 mealy. Gills white, often becoming yellowish, sinuato-adnate, attenu- 
 ated in front, somewhat distant. Flesh white, cinereous under the cuticle 
 of the p., bistre in the st. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 5 {JL. Pastures, 
 and open downs. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 707. T.polioleucumFr. (=Tricholomamedium(Paul.)Quel., Tricholoma 
 melaleucum (Pers. )Fr sec. Dumee.) 7roXi09,grey; Xeu/cov, white. 
 
 P. 5-7 cm., grey, umbo darker, whitish at the margin, slightly fleshy, 
 convex, then plane and depressed, umbo often evanescent, pruinose, 
 margin often scalloped. St. 4-6 x 1 cm., concolorous, elastic, striate, 
 apex mealy, equal. Gills whitish, or greyish, sinuate, decurrent by a 
 tooth, attenuated in front, edge denticulate, crowded. Flesh greyish, 
 becoming white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/>t, rough. Taste 
 pleasant. Edible. Lawns, and hilly pastures. Aug. Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 708. T. phaeopodium (Bull.) Quel. (= Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) 
 
 Fr. sec. Dumee.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 46, fig. 16. 
 
 <ato?, dusky; ?rou9, foot. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., blackish bistre, becoming paler, fleshy, convex, then 
 plane, subumbonate, smooth ; margin incurved. St. 5-7 cm. x 4- 
 9 mm., concolorous, equal, striate; base subbulbous, clothed with the 
 white mycelium. Gills white, sinuato-adnate, 7-9 mm. broad, crowded. 
 Flesh dark bistre, very thin at the margin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 8-9 x 5-6/Li, minutely warted. Damp pastures, and woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 709. T. arcuatum (Bull.) Quel. (= Tricholoma arcuatum var. cognatum 
 
 (Fr.) Quel. and Rene Maire, Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 sec. Dumee.) Gillet, Champ, t. 665. Arcuatum, curved. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., pale brownish, brownish clay colour, or coffee and milk 
 colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, becoming smooth, moist, hygro- 
 phanous; margin at first involute. St. 4-8 cm. x 7-14 mm., con- 
 colorous, firm, equal, fibrillose, base thickened. Gills yellowish, tinged 
 with pinkish flesh colour, emarginate, decurrent with a long tooth, 
 broad, moderately crowded. Flesh white, tinged with flesh colour, soft, 
 thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 6/x, punctate. 
 Cystidia "on edge of gill lanceolate, 40-60 x 10-1 2 /a" Eick. Taste 
 mild. Heaths, and on twigs, and rotting wood, in coniferous woods. 
 Oct. Nov. Rare.
 
 TRICHOLOMA 241 
 
 710. T. brevipes (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec. 
 
 Dumee.) Cke. Illus. no. 120, t. 68. Brevis, short; pes, foot. 
 P. 58 cm., umber, becoming pale, fleshy, convex, then plane, smooth, 
 moist, opaque when dry; margin at first strongly incurved. St. 
 13 x 1-3 cm., fuscous, or bistre, rigid, firm, equal, attenuated down- 
 wards, or bulbous, fibrillose, apex pruinose. Gills fuscous, or bistre, 
 becoming whitish, emarginato-free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh of p. 
 fuscous, becoming white when dry, fuscous in the st., especially at the 
 base, firm, then soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/x, punctate. 
 Cystidia on edge of gill sparse, lanceolate, 55-65 x ll-14|u, shaggy 
 at the apex. Taste mild. Edible. Pastures, woods, and cinder paths. 
 June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 711. T. humile (Pers.) Fr. (= Tricholoma exscissum Fr. sec. Quel., 
 
 Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Dumee.) Cke. Illus. 
 
 no. 122, t. 263, fig. A. Humile, lowly. 
 
 P. 5-12 cm., fuscous-cinereous, mouse grey, or bistre, becoming pale, 
 fleshy, convex, soon flattened, somewhat repand, often umbonate, 
 sometimes depressed, pruinose, pulverulent, hygrophanous ; margin 
 thin, exceeding the gills, often white. St. 4-9 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white, or 
 becoming greyish, fragile, somewhat equal, villosely pulverulent. Gills 
 white, then greyish, rounded-adnexed, decurrent with a tooth, and 
 often arcuato-decurrent, crowded, narrow, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh 
 whitish, grey under the cuticle, soft, thick at the disc. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 9 x 6ja, minutely echinulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill 
 lanceolate, pointed, 55-65 x 10-13/>t, shaggy at the apex" Rick. 
 Smell of new meal. Edible. Woods, and pastures. April Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. blandum Berk. = Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 var. evectum Grove. Evectum, carried out. 
 
 P. 7-59 cm., fuscous, becoming pale, plane, then depressed, or con- 
 cave, smooth; margin entire, not striate. St. 7-5-8 cm. x 8mm., 
 somewhat fuscous, incrassated at the apex, thickened at the base, 
 fibrous, punctately squamulose, striate, apex white, pulverulent. Gills 
 pale ochraceous, sinuate, crowded, thin, edge entire. Flesh pallid. 
 Spores white, oval, 6-7 x 4-5|u,. Amongst heaps of leaves. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 712. T. exscissum Fr. (= Tricholoma humile Pers. sec. Quel.) Fr. 
 
 Icon. t. 44, lower figs. Exscissum, torn out. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., mouse grey, or fuscous cinereous, becoming paler and 
 often yellowish, slightly fleshy, campanulate, soon plane, with a pro- 
 minent umbo, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm, x 2-8 mm. white, then ochraceous, 
 equal, polished. Gills white, emarginate, linear, narrow, 2-3 mm. 
 
 B. B. B. 16
 
 242 TRICHOLOMA 
 
 broad, edge uneven. Flesh white, or yellowish, thin. Spores white, 
 broadly elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /LI, punctate. Pastures. May Sept. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 713. T. subpulverulentum (Pers.) Fr. (= Tricholoma medium Paul. 
 
 sec. Quel.) Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 39. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; pulverulentum, dusty. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., livid, becoming whitish with the innate pruina, fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, or depressed; margin inflexed, exceeding the gills. 
 St. 4-6 x 1 cm., concolorous, equal, smooth, substriate, apex obsoletely 
 pruinate. Gills white, becoming darker, rounded, crowded, narrow. 
 Flesh white, hygrophanous. Spores very pale ochraceous in the mass, 
 elliptical, 6-7 x 4/z, minutely punctate. Often forming large rings in 
 pastures, and woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 (b) Gills becoming violet, grey, or fuliginous. 
 
 714. T. sordidum (Schum.) 'Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 47, 
 
 figs. 10-18. Sordidum, dirty. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., bistre, or livid-lilac, becoming fuscous and pale when old, 
 somewhat fleshy, campanulato-convex, then plane, or depressed, sub- 
 umbonate, often undulate, or excentric when old, smooth; margin 
 often slightly striate at maturity. St. 4-6 x 1-2-5 cm., concolorous, 
 flexuose, pliant, often thickened at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills 
 violaceous, becoming pale, or fuliginous, rounded, then sinuato-decur- 
 rent, at length distant. Flesh grey, or tinged with lilac, thin. Spores 
 pale ochraceous in the mass, elliptical, 7-8 x 4/x,. Taste mild. Edible. 
 Pastures, hedgerows, and manure heaps. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 715. T. paedidum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 46, upper figs. Paedidum, nasty. 
 P. 3-5 cm., fuliginous mouse grey, somewhat fleshy, flaccid, cam- 
 
 panulate, then convex, flattened, umbonate, at length depressed round 
 the conico-prominent umbo, moist, radiately streaked with innate fibrils, 
 becoming smooth. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., dingy grey, subcarti- 
 laginous, slightly bulbous at the base, substriate. Gills whitish, then 
 grey, sinuate with a small decurrent tooth, narrow, crowded. Flesh 
 becoming white, very thin, very tough. Spores white, "elliptic-fusi- 
 form, 10-11 x 5-6/Li" Massee. Grassy places in woods. Aug. Eare. 
 
 716. T. lixivium Fr. (= Tricholoma arcuatum (Bull.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 
 
 t. 45, lower figs. Lixivium, made into lye. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., cinereous fuscous, then umber, slightly fleshy, convex, 
 then plane, umbonate (the umbo vanishing), sometimes sinuous, 
 smooth; margin flattened, membranaceous, at length slightly striate. 
 St. 58 x -5-2 cm., concolorous, at first white-fioccoso-pruinose, often 
 flexuose, apex white, fragile. Gills grey, rounded-adnexed, truncato- 
 free, distant, soft, 6 mm. broad, sometimes crisped, attenuated from
 
 TRICHOLOMA. ENTOLOMA 243 
 
 the stem towards the margin. Flesh white, thin at the margin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3fj,, 1-guttulate. Pine woods, and under 
 conifers. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 717. T. putidum Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 47, figs. 19-22. 
 
 Putidum, stinking. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., greyish bistre, or olivaceous, becoming hoary when dry, 
 often sprinkled with white silkiness, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, 
 hemispherical, umbonate, soft; margin straight. St. 4-9 x -5-1 cm., 
 grey, equal, covered with a white, thin, evanescent pruina, fibrillosely 
 striate, somewhat fragile. Gills cinereous, sinuato-adnate, ventricose, 
 crowded, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh bistre, thin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 9-11 x 4-5 p, with a large central gutta. Smell rancid, of new meal. 
 Fir woods, and amongst pine needles. Oct. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Spores pink. 
 
 Entoloma Fr. 
 
 (eVro9, within; \(Ofia, a fringe.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, or irregular. Stem central, fibrous, or fleshy. 
 Gills sinuate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores pink, angular, 
 globose, elliptical, or verrucose. Cystidia rarely present. Growing on 
 the ground, very rarely on wood; solitary, gregarious, or caespitose. 
 
 I. Pileus fleshy, smooth, moist or viscid. 
 
 718. E. sinuatum Fr. (= Entoloma lividum (Bull.) Fr. sec. Dumee.) 
 
 Cke. Illus. no. 316, t. 310. Sinuatum, waved. 
 
 P. 8-25 cm., becoming yellowish white, very fleshy, convex, then 
 expanded, at first gibbous, then depressed; margin repand, sinuate. 
 St. 7-18 x 2-5 cm., shining white, firm, equal, compact, fibrillose, 
 then smooth. Gills pale yellowish-rufescent, emarginate, slightly ad- 
 nexed, 12-18 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pink, angular, 
 globose, 8-9 ju,. Smell strong, pleasant, almost like burnt sugar. Taste 
 pleasant. Poisonous. Gregarious, in mixed woods. July Oct. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 719. E. lividum (Bull.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 90, fig. 3. Lividus, livid. 
 P. 7-15 cm., livid tan, becoming pale, fleshy, disc somewhat com- 
 pact, convex, then plane, somewhat gibbous, silky, fibrillose under a 
 lens. St. 7-8 x 2-5-3 cm., shining white, equal, slightly striate, apex 
 pruinose. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, rounded, somewhat free, 
 attenuated in front, 6-10 mm. broad, distant. Flesh white, brownish 
 under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 9- 
 11 x 6-8 /x, 1-3-guttulate. Smell pleasant, of new meal, then becoming 
 unpleasant. Taste pleasant. Poisonous. Woods, and pastures. 
 April Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 162
 
 244 ENTOLOMA 
 
 var. roseum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 318, t. 469. Roseum, rosy. 
 
 Differs from the type in the rosy disc, and the whitish margin of the 
 p. On logs. 
 
 720. E. prunuloides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 91, fig. 1. 
 
 Prunulus, the species prunulus', eZSo?, like. 
 
 P. 5-7 cm., whitish, becoming yellow, or livid, fleshy, campanulate, 
 then convex, at length flattened, subumbonate, viscid, finally longi- 
 tudinally rimose; margin at length slightly striate. St. 6-8 cm. x 6- 
 8 mm., white, fibrous-fleshy, even, often slightly striate. Gills white, 
 then flesh colour, somewhat free, emarginate, rarely rounded, slightly 
 adnexed at first, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, 
 yellowish in the centre of the stem. Spores pink, angular, 8-10 x 8ju,, 
 1-multi-guttulate. Smell strong, of new meal. In woods, and pastures. 
 May Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 721. E. porphyrophaeum Fr. (= Entoloma phaeocephalum (Bull.) 
 
 Quel., Entoloma placenta Batsch sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 93, fig. 1. 
 Tropffrvpa, purple; <f>aiov, dusky. 
 
 P. 4-10 cm., brownish bistre, becoming paler and mouse colour when 
 dry, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, cracking, 
 minutely fibrillose. St. 5-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., greyish, streaked with 
 violet or lilac fibrils, base subbulbose, white villose, attenuated up- 
 wards. Gills greyish white, then reddish grey, truncate behind, almost 
 free, ventricose, rather distant, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh bluish, or 
 brownish, becoming white. Spores pink, angular globose, 7-8 x 7/x, 
 1-guttulate. Cystidia "inflated, large, flask-shaped, occasionally 
 with a roundish head" Lange. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 722. E. repandum (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Champ, t. 423, fig. 2. 
 
 Repandum, bent backwards. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, or ochraceous, fleshy, conical, then expanded, 
 umbonate, striate with darker spots, somewhat silky when dry; margin 
 incurved, lobed. St. 4 cm. x 5-6 mm., white, silky. Gills flesh colour, 
 broader in front. Spores " substellate, 11 x 6/z, becoming yellow" 
 Sacc. Smell of new meal. Pastures. June Oct. Eare. 
 
 723. E. erophilum Fr. rjp, spring ; <f>L\ov, loving. 
 P. 3-4 cm., brownish, or greyish, slightly fleshy, convex, then ex- 
 panded, obtuse, venosely striate and virgate. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., 
 white, becoming greyish, equal, pruinose. Gills greyish, then flesh 
 colour, rounded behind, adnate, wide. Flesh white, yellowish under 
 the cuticle of the p. Spores pink, globose, 7-9 /A, 1-guttulate. Woods, 
 and hilly pastures. May Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 ENTOLOMA 245 
 
 724. E. placenta (Batsch) Fr. (= Entoloma phaeocephalum (Bull.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 321, t. 314. Placenta, a flat cake. 
 
 P. 4 cm., brown, fleshy, convex then flattened, umbonate, orbicular, 
 moist when damp. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., brown, wholly fibrous, 
 equal, fibrilloso-striate. Gills whitish, then pallid flesh colour, emargi- 
 nato-adnexed, crowded, rather thick. Flesh becoming pale, thin. 
 Spores pink, globose, S/A. Taste becoming acrid. Hedgerows, and 
 damp places. April Oct. Rare. 
 
 725. E. helodes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 322, t. 339. eXo?, a marsh. 
 P. 3-6 cm., varying cinereous, fuliginous, and at the same time 
 
 becoming purple, slightly fleshy, convex, then rather plane, tough, 
 umbonate, often depressed round the umbo, often as if variegated 
 with tiger-spots; margin spreading, sometimes striate. St. 5-7-5 cm. 
 x 6 mm., cinereous-fibrillose, becoming pallid cinereous, fragile, equal, 
 or slightly thickened at the base, sometimes twisted. Gills white, then 
 flesh colour, obtusely adnate, 6 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh pallid, 
 thin. Spores pink, subglobose, 10/z, coarsely warted. Smell of new 
 meal, taste watery. Heathy pastures, and bogs. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common. 
 
 726. E. Batschianum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 325, t. 326. 
 
 A. J. G. C. Batsch, author of Elenchus Fungorum. 
 P. 1-4 cm., dark fuscous, ox fuliginous black, slightly fleshy, viscid, 
 shining when dry, slightly convex, scarcely umbonate, then depressed ; 
 margin at first manifestly involute. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-10 mm., grey, 
 moderately tough, wholly fibrous, equal, or attenuated at both ends, 
 slightly striate with adpressed fibrils. Gills whitish, then cinereous, 
 or -fuliginous, narrowed behind, wholly adnexed at the apex, crowded, 
 becoming subdistant. Flesh yellowish. Spores pink, angular, sub- 
 globose, 6-9 x 6-7 /x. On the ground, and among fir needles in damp 
 places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 727. E. Bloxamii Berk. (= Entoloma madidum (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 326, t. 327. Rev. A. Bloxam, a British mycologist. 
 
 P. 2-10 cm., blackish-blue, compact, campanulate, very obtuse, 
 somewhat lobed, moist, slightly silky. St. 3-8 cm. x 12-15 mm., 
 concolorous, base white, obtuse, slightly attenuated upwards, fibrillose. 
 Gills yellowish, then pale pink, attenuated behind, or slightly adnexed, 
 moderately broad. Flesh white, bluish under the cuticle, very thick in 
 the centre. Spores pink, subglobose, minutely warted, 8 9 jit. Heaths, 
 and pastures. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. triste Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 92. Triste, gloomy. 
 
 Differs from the type in its blackish grey slate colour.
 
 246 ENTOLOMA 
 
 728. E. Parrahii Massee & Crossland. Naturalist, 1904, t. 1, figs. 1-4. 
 
 John Farrah, F.L.S. 
 
 P. 5-6 cm., blackish-blue, cylindrico- ovate, then campanulate and 
 somewhat repand, umbonate, fibrilloso-silky; margin pallid. St. 6- 
 7 x 11-5 cm., concolorous, ventricose, base white. Grills salmon 
 colour, sinuato-adnexed, broad, ventricose, somewhat distant. Spores 
 pink, elliptical, smooth, 10 x 4 5/z. Cystidia cuspidate, ventricose, 
 50-60 x 12-15/A. Taste mild. Pastures. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 729. E. ardosiacum (Bull.) Fr. (= Entoloma nitidum Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 327, t. 328. apSeiv, to water. 
 
 P. 25 cm., steel-blue-fuscous, becoming blackish when young, and 
 cinereous when older, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, 
 often slightly depressed at the disc. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., steel- 
 blue, slightly attenuated upwards, easily splitting into fibres. Gills 
 white, or grey, then flesh colour, free, broad, ventricose, attenuated 
 behind, crowded, edge uneven. Flesh white, bluish under the cuticle of 
 the p. Spores pink, angular, subglobose, 8-10 x 6-8/u, 1-guttulate. 
 Moist meadows, and bogs. July Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 730. E. madidum Fr. (= Entoloma Bloxamii Berk. sec. Quel.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 91, fig. 3. Madidum, soaked. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., blackish violet when young, fuliginous when old, fleshy, 
 campanulate, then convex, viscid in wet weather, shining when dry; 
 margin inflexed, thin, slightly striate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-10 mm. at 
 the white base, x 4-6 mm. at the apex, violet, thickened in a clavate 
 manner below, fleshy fibrous, surface fibrillose, apex naked. Gills 
 greyish white, slightly adnexed, almost free, ventricose, watery, soft. 
 Flesh white, darkish under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores pink, globose, 
 angular, 6-8/A. Smell strong, somewhat like that of Russula foetens. 
 In pastures, and amongst leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 731. E. liquescens Cke. (= Psilocybe spadiceo-grisea (Schaeff.) Fr. sec. 
 Boud.) Cke. Illus. no. 328, t. 581. Liquescens, dissolving. 
 
 P. 5-6 cm., yellowish ochre, disc reddish brown, convex, then plane, 
 broadly umbonate, margin thin, flexuose. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., 
 white, equal, flexible. Gills white, then pale dirty lilac, free, crowded, 
 deliquescent. Flesh white, thin. Spores pink, subglobose, irregular, 
 7-8 fj,. On the ground under trees. April. 
 
 732. E. ameides B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 329, t. 341. 
 
 d/4et8?79, gloomy. 
 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., pale reddish grey, irregular, broadly campanulate, 
 thin, gibbous, centre polished; margin white- flocculent, at length 
 smooth, silky-shining, undulated. St. 3-4 cm. x 5-10 mm., whitish,
 
 ENTOLOMA 247 
 
 compressed, striate, fibrillose, apex flocculent, base villose. Gills 
 greyish, then flesh colour, slightly adnexed, distant, wrinkled. Flesh 
 becoming reddish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 12-13 x 9ju,, 1-guttu- 
 late. Smell a,t first unpleasant, like a mixture of orange-flower water 
 and starch, or of burnt sugar. Pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 E.frumentaceum (Bull.) Berk. = Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.) Quel. 
 E. Cookei Kich. = Pleurotus palmatus (Bull.) Fr. 
 
 II. P. absolutely dry, flocculose, or somewhat scaly. 
 
 733. E. Saundersii Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 331, t. 306. 
 
 W. W. Saunders who collaborated with W. G. Smith in Myco- 
 
 logical Illustrations. 
 
 P. 4r-12 cm., white, becoming fuscous when old, fleshy, campanulate, 
 then expanded, obtuse, or umbonate, repando-lobed, adpressedly 
 tomentose. St. 3-10 x 1-1-5 cm., white, equal, silky-fibrous, apex 
 furfur aceous. Gills reddish, slightly adnexed, often quite free, broad, 
 distant. Flesh white, yellowish under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores 
 pink, elliptical, 4-6 x 3-4 /x, 1-guttulate ("round, slightly angular, 
 ll-13ju," Boud.). On the ground, river-sand, sawdust. June Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 734. E. fertile 'Berk. (= Entoloma lividum (Bull.) Fr. sec. Big. & 
 Guill.) Cke. Illus. no. 332, t. 316. Fertile, fruitful. 
 
 P. 10-15 cm., pinkish-buff, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, 
 pulverulento-squamulose. St. 6-12 x 2-3 cm., paler than the p., firm, 
 fibrillose, subsquamulose, subcompressed, base subbulbose. Gills flesh 
 colour, adnexed, nearly free. Flesh white, thickest at the disc. Smell 
 pleasant, of new meal. Woods. Aug. Sept. Rare. 
 
 735. E. Rozei Quel. Quel. Soc. Bot. xxm, t. 2, fig. 2. 
 
 E. Roze, the eminent French mycologist. 
 
 P. 3 cm., pearl grey, lilac at the margin, thin, convex, umbonate, then 
 plane, velvety with thin, very short, white hairs. St. 5-6 x -5 cm., white, 
 somewhat silvery, silky-fibrillose, apex bistre. Gills white, then flesh 
 colour, adnate, emarginate. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 10/u,. 
 Amongst Sphagnum, and under pines. July Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 736. E. jubatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 92, fig. 1. 
 
 Jubatum, having a mane. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., mouse colour, somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then ex- 
 panded and flattened, umbonate, floccoso-scaly, or fibrillose. St. 5 
 12 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, fleshy-fibrous, though rigid, fragile, 
 equal, clothed with fuliginous fibrils. Gills dark fuliginous, then purple 
 fuliginous, slightly adnexed, somewhat emarginate, easily separating,
 
 248 ENTOLOMA 
 
 crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, thin, easily scissile. Spores pink, 
 angular, oblong, 10-12 x 7-8^,, multi-guttulate. Heaths, and pas- 
 tures May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 737. E. resutum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 92, fig. 2. Resutum, ripped open. 
 P. 2-3 cm., becoming fuscous, disc darker, slightly fleshy, convex, 
 
 somewhat obtuse, densely floccoso- scaly, sometimes with darker ad- 
 pressed scales, sometimes becoming even, longitudinally fibrillose. 
 St. 47 cm. x 24 mm,, somewhat grey, wholly fibrous, soft, equal, 
 polished, slightly striate. Gills grey, at first darker, adnexed, very 
 ventricose, almost free, 4 mm. broad, rather crowded, rather thick. 
 Spores pink, "irregular, globose-elliptical, angular, 9-12 x 7-8 p,, also 
 subglobose, 7-10/x" Herpell. Woods, and pastures. Oct. Un- 
 common. 
 
 738. E. griseocyaneum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 94, fig. 1. 
 
 Griseus, grey; KVCLVOS, dark blue. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., grey, or inclining to lilac, thin, campanulate, then convex, 
 obtuse, wholly floccoso-scaly '. St. 46 cm. x 46 mm., pallid, then be- 
 coming azure-blue, sometimes white, fibrous, floccoso- fibrillose. Gills 
 whitish, then flesh colour, adnexed, separating- free, ventricose. Flesh 
 bluish, becoming white. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 9-11 x 7-8 /it, 
 1-guttulate. Pastures, downs, and woods. June Oct. Not uncom- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. roseum Maire. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11. Roseum, rosy. 
 Differs from the type in the pink stem, and the pink pileus covered 
 with darker scales. Downs, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 739. E. Wynnei B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 339, t. 329. 
 
 Mrs Lloyd Wynne, of Coed Coch. 
 
 P. 3-4 cm., fuliginous, convex, then' plane, more or less umbonate, 
 often wavy, velvety, then squamulose; margin striate, often undulated. 
 St. 35 cm. x 36 ram., fuliginous-azure-blue, often compressed; base 
 cottony, white. Gills pallid, then flesh colour, almost free, 4 mm. 
 broad, transversely ribbed, edge crenulate. Flesh white, very thin 
 except at the disc. Spores "elliptic-oblong, apiculate, coarsely warted, 
 10-11 x 7-8 /x" Massee. Smell unpleasant, like bugs. Fir woods. 
 Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 740. E. bulbigenum B. & Br. (= Entoloma Persoonianum Phill. & 
 
 Plowr., Entoloma Persoonii Du Port.) Cke. Illus. no. 324, t. 315, 
 as Entoloma Persoonianum Du Port. 
 
 /3o\/3o9, a bulb; yiyvofMai, to be born. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., shining white, campanulate, or hemispherical, minutely 
 tomentosely scaly. St. 6-8 cm. x 3-5 mm., whitish, equal, piloso-
 
 ENTOLOMA 249 
 
 squamulose, base bulbous, solid. Gills red flesh colour, slightly adnexed, 
 3-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin. Spores pink, angular, 15//,. Grassy 
 places. Feb. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 741. E. pulvereum Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 14. 
 
 Pulvereum, dusty. 
 
 P. 5-30 mm., fuliginous, thin, campanulate, then expanded and 
 flattened, densely covered with very minute scales which are erect at 
 the centre, striate at first; margin very slightly incurved. St. 2-5- 
 5 cm. x 23 mm., fuliginous, equal, densely velvety, covered when 
 young with a reddish, rust coloured meal which becomes darker with 
 age. Gills grey, at length dusted with the pinkish ferruginous spores, 
 adnate with a minute sinus, veined, subdistant, exceeding the margin 
 of the p. ; edge irregular, thick, pale or pinkish at first then deep rose 
 colour. Spores pink, irregular, angular, 12-13 x 6/u,, 1-guttulate. 
 Woods, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 742. E. dichroum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 92, fig. 3. 
 
 Siypovv, two coloured. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., violet, then livid mouse colour, somewhat fleshy, cam- 
 panulate, then expanded and plane, obtusely umbonate, squamuloso- 
 fibrillose. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-8 mm., blue, becoming paler at the base, 
 wholly fibrous, fibrillosely-mealy, and sublacunose. Gills white, or 
 pallid, then flesh colour, sinuato-adnexed, crowded, 2-3 mm. wide. 
 Flesh white, tinged with blue. Spores pink, becoming fuscous, 
 "longish, 9-11 x 6-7 p, with a few distinct angles" Rick. Woods, 
 and hilly pastures. June Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 E. sericellum Fr. = Leptonia sericeUa (Fr.) Quel. 
 
 743. E. Thomson!! B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 336, t. 374. Dr Thomson 
 P. 2-5-3 cm., grey, convex, then expanded, more or less umbonate, 
 
 tomentose, adorned with raised, radiating ribs, which form reticulations 
 in the centre. St. 3-5 cm. x 4 mm., paler than the pileus, fibrillose, 
 tomentose. Gills flesh colour, rounded behind, very slightly adnexed, 
 4 mm. broad, rather distant. Flesh mottled, thick at the umbo, thin 
 elsewhere. Spores pink, elliptical, 6 x 3-5/x,. Amongst grass in 
 plantations. Rare. 
 
 III. P. thin, hygrophanous, rather silky when dry, 
 often irregular and repand. 
 
 744. E. clypeatum (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 337, t. 319, as Entoloma 
 
 clypeum Fr. Clipeatum, furnished with a shield. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., lurid when moist, grey when dry, variegated, or 
 
 streaked with darker spots, or lines, fleshy, campanulate, then flattened, 
 
 umbonate, fragile. St. 4-8 x -5-1-5 cm., whitish, becoming cinereous,
 
 250 ENTOLOMA 
 
 wholly fibrous, equal, fragile, longitudinally fibrillose, apex pulverulent. 
 Gills whitish, or dingy, becoming red-pulverulent with the spores, 
 rounded-adnexed, separating free, 4-8 mm. broad, ventricose, sub- 
 distant, edge serrulate. Flesh dark, becoming white, thin. Spores 
 pink, angular, globose, 7-9 or 89 x 6 ?//,, 1-guttulate. Taste some- 
 what acid. Edible. Woods, gardens, pastures, and waste places. 
 Caespitose, or solitary. April Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 745. E. nigrocinnarnomeum Kalchbr. (= Pluteus umbrosus (Pers.) 
 
 Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 11, fig. 1. 
 
 Niger, black; cinnamomeum, cinnamon. 
 
 P. 5-7 cm., umber brown, becoming blackish, thin, tough, convex, 
 then flattened and depressed round the somewhat prominent umbo, 
 rather silky and shining; margin incurved, often splitting. St. 3- 
 4 cm. x 58 mm., grey, becoming tawny, fibrillose, often twisted. 
 Gills reddish cinnamon, adnexed, rounded behind, soon seceding from 
 the stem, 6-8 mm. broad, rather distant. Flesh darkish, becoming 
 yellowish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 11-13 x 7-8 /x, 1-guttulate. 
 Smell pleasant, of new meal. Pastures, and heaths. Aug. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 746. E. rhodopolium Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 338, t. 342. 
 
 p68ov, rose; Tro\iov, grey. 
 
 P. 3-12 cm., fuscous, or livid, becoming pale, isabelline-livid, silky- 
 shining when dry, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and 
 subumbonate, or gibbous, at length somewhat plane, and sometimes 
 depressed, fibrillose when young, then smooth ; margin bent inwards, 
 and when larger undulated. St. 5-10 x -5-1-5 cm., white, equal, or 
 attenuated upwards, slightly striate, apex white pruinose. Gills white, 
 then rose colour, adnate, then separating, somewhat sinuate, flexuose. 
 Flesh white, darkish under the cuticle of the p. Spores pink, angular, 
 elliptical, 8-9 x 7-8/*, 1-guttulate. Smell like new meal, or burnt 
 sugar, or none. Woods. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 747. E. pluteoides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 91, fig. 2. 
 
 Pluteus, the genus Pluteus; etSo<?, like. 
 
 P. 2-5-8 cm., whitish grey, becoming dirty yellowish when dry, slightly 
 fleshy, scissile, convex, then expanded, obtuse, slightly fibrillose at 
 first, then smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, becoming yellow 
 when touched, rigid, equal, straight, or curved and ascending, covered 
 with a white, fibrillose, subtomentose cuticle, base swollen, villose, 
 commonly obliquely and shortly rooting. Gills white, then flesh 
 colour, emarginato-adnexed, crowded, attenuated in front. Flesh 
 dark. Spores pink. Taste mild. On fir stumps and rotten wood. 
 Rare.
 
 ENTOLOMA 251 
 
 748. E. majale Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 94, fig. 2. Majus, the month of May. 
 P. 4-6 cm., somewhat cinnamon, ockraceous pale yellow when dry, 
 
 fleshy-membranaceous, scissile, campanulate, then convex, sub- 
 umbonate, somewhat fragile; margin repand, easily rimoso-incised. 
 St. 7-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, somewhat compressed, twisted, striate, 
 somewhat fibrillose, often connate at the thickened, white tomentose 
 base. Gills pallid, then flesh-coloured with the rosy spores, free, 
 ventricose, crowded, crenate. Flesh very thin. Spores pink, "sub- 
 spheric, 5-6-angular, 7-10 x 7-8 ft" Lange. Pastures, open woods, 
 and mossy places in fir woods. April Sept. Eare. 
 
 749. E. costatum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 340, t. 320, upper figs. 
 
 Gostatum, ribbed. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., fuscous-livid, becoming grey when dry, or shining black 
 when scorched by the sun, fleshy-membranaceous, convexo-bullate, undu- 
 lated, irregularly shaped, then rather plane, more or less umbilicate. 
 St. 46 cm. x 48 mm., grey, often compressed, somewhat striate, 
 apex white mealy. Gills pallid, or greyish, then flesh colour, emarginate, 
 5-7 mm. broad, transversely veined with raised ribs, undulate. Flesh 
 grey, becoming white. Spores pink, angular, globose, 6-7 \i, or oblong, 
 9-10 x 7-8/i. Pastures, and heaths, occasionally in woods. May 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 750. E. sericeum (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 340, t. 320, lower figs. 
 
 Sericeum, silky. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., umber, becoming pale with a silky appearance when dry, 
 fleshy-membranaceous, convex, then plane, obtuse, often umbonate, 
 somewhat repand ; margin involute, striate at first. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 3- 
 6 mm., grey, fibroso-fissile, equal, or thickened upwards, fibrillose, 
 shining. Gills grey, then rufescent, emarginate, slightly adnexed, 
 equally attenuated from the stem to the margin. Flesh umber, becoming 
 whitish. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 8-^ x 6/x,, 1-guttulate. Smell 
 pleasant, of new meal, or bitter almonds. Pastures, and woods. 
 May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 751. E. venosum Gillet. Venosum, full of veins. 
 P. 3-4 cm., brown, or blackish, disc darker when moist, thin, convex, 
 
 slightly umbonate, silky and shining when dry. St. 46 cm. x 3- 
 4 mm., grey, very fragile, easily splitting, fibrillosely striate, apex 
 slightly squamulose. Gills dirty reddish grey, free, broad, covered with 
 prominent, transverse veins. Spores pink. Smell strong, of new meal. 
 Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 752. E. nidorosum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 341, t. 321. Nidorosum, reeking. 
 P. 3-7 cm., fawn cinereous, livid, silky shining when dry, sub- 
 
 membranaceous, convex, then expanded, at length often concave,
 
 252 ENTOLOMA. HEBELOMA 
 
 and irregularly shaped, rimose. St. 5-13 cm. x 3-15 mm., pale white, 
 equal, or attenuated upwards, apex white pruinose. Gills pallid, then 
 flesh colour, emarginato-free, 6-12 mm. broad, at length distant, 
 sometimes undulato-flexuose. Flesh white. Spores pink, angular, 
 subglobose, 8-10 x 7-9 jii, 1-3-guttulate. Smell strong, alkaline, or 
 none. Woods, heaths, and lawns. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 753. E. speculum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 95, fig. 2. Speculum, a looking glass. 
 P. 2-5 cm., watery, or straw white, silvery when dry, submembra- 
 
 naceous, convex, soon flattened and depressed, obtusely, and obso- 
 letely umbonate ; margin thin, bent inwards, flexuose, pellucid-striate. 
 St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., yellowish, round, often compressed, shining, 
 very fragile. Gills white, then flesh colour, slightly adnexed, broadly 
 emarginate, 6-8 mm. broad, ventricose, the shorter ones narrower, 
 edge becoming fuscous. Flesh brownish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 
 12-14 x 7-8 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 754. E. tortipes Massee. Tortus, twisted; pes, foot. 
 P. 6-7 cm., dark brown, and shining as if oiled when moist, then 
 
 cinnamon and silky shining when dry, convex and broadly umbonate, 
 then expanded and depressed round the umbo; margin arched, 
 flexuose, often splitting. St. 5-6 x -5 cm., whitish, tinged with cinna- 
 mon, flexuose, or angularly bent, silky-fibrillose. Gills pale dingy pink, 
 broadly adnate with a minute sinus, then free, 8-10 mm. broad 
 behind, tapering towards the margin, crowded. Flesh dark when 
 moist, paler when dry. Spores pink, elliptical, 5 x 3[j,. Amongst grass. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. 
 
 Hebeloma Fr. 
 
 (17/377, youth; \a>pa, a fringe.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, margin incurved. Stem central, fibrous, or 
 fleshy. Gills sinuate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochraceous, 
 ferruginous, or fuscous, elliptical, pip-shaped, pruniform, almond- 
 shaped, elliptic oblong, or fusiform, smooth, continuous. Cystidia 
 present, or absent. Growing on the ground, solitary, caespitose, or 
 subcaespitose. 
 
 I. Furnished with a cortina from the manifest veil, by which 
 the p. is often superficially silky round the margin. 
 
 755. H. mussivum Fr. (= Cortinarius percomis Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. 
 
 Icon. t. Ill, fig. 1. Musso, I mutter. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., yellow, sometimes darker, and brownish at the disc, 
 
 fleshy, convex, then plane, unequal, very obtuse, viscid, smooth at
 
 HEBELOMA 253 
 
 first, then generally repand and broken up into squamules. St. 10- 
 13 x 2-5 cm., light yellow, equal, or ventricose, wholly fibrillose, apex 
 pruinose. Veil fibrillose, very fugacious. Gills light yellow, then some- 
 what ferruginous, emarginate, 6 mm. broad, arid, somewhat crowded. 
 Flesh becoming yellow, compact, firm, very thick in the st. Spores 
 ferruginous, "elliptical, 12 x 6ju," Massee. Smell weak, not un- 
 pleasant. Coniferous woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 756. H. sinuosum Fr. (= Hebeloma senescens Batsch sec. Quel.) 
 
 full of curves. 
 
 P. 7-5-15 cm., never equalling the length of the st., pale yellow, or 
 brick-red becoming pale, rarely clay colour, fleshy, irregular, convex, 
 then plane, obtuse, smooth, viscid, soon dry, very sinuosely repand; 
 margin whitish, membranaceous, inflexed, exceeding the gills, crenu- 
 late, striate. St. 5-15 x 2-5-3-5 cm., white, equal, generally oblique 
 at the very base, fibrillosely striate, apex at first fioccosely squamulose. 
 Gills dirty white, then becoming ferruginous, slightly adnexed, broadly 
 emarginate and appearing free and distant, but connected with the 
 st. by a slender tooth, 6-12 mm. broad, dry, crowded, often undulate. 
 Flesh white, thick, soft, somewhat fragile. Spores ferruginous, 
 "almond-shaped-oval, 10-12 x 7-9 /z, slightly rough. Cystidia on 
 edge of gill clavate, 50-60 x 7-9/x," Rick. Smell fruity. Coniferous 
 woods. Aug. Rare. 
 
 757. H. fastibile Fr. Fr. Icon. t. Ill, fig. 2. Fastibile, disagreeable. 
 P. 4-8 cm., pale yellowish tan, or becoming pale, fleshy, convexo- 
 plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, smooth; margin involute, pubescent. 
 St. 4-8 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, or pallid, fleshy fibrous, somewhat 
 bulbous, often twisted, white silky and fibrillose, white scaly upwards. 
 Cortina white, silky, often in the form of a ring. Gills pale-white, then 
 dingy clay colour, very emarginate, rather broad, subdistant, edge 
 whitish, distilling drops in rainy weather. Flesh white, compact. 
 Spores earth colour, pale under the microscope, pip-shaped, 9-11 x 5- 
 6ju,, "punctate. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous-clavate, 50- 
 75 x 6-9/x" Rick. Smell unpleasant, taste of radish, bitterish. 
 Poisonous. Woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. album Fr. Album, white. 
 
 Differs from the type in the long, equal stem, fibrillosely squamose 
 at the apex, and in the distant gills. 
 
 var. sulcatum Lindgr. Sulcatum, furrowed. 
 
 Differs from the type in the sulcate, or rugose plicate margin of the p. 
 
 var. elegans Massee. Elegans, nice. 
 
 Differs from the type in the purple-brown p.
 
 254 HEBELOMA 
 
 758. H. senescens (Batsch) B. & Br. (= Hebeloma sinuosum Fr. sec. 
 
 Quel.) Senescens, becoming old. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., ochraceous tawny, convex, then flattened, slightly 
 glutinous, delicately tomentose, margin white. St. 7-12-5 x 1-2-5 cm., 
 fuscous downwards, apex shining white, tomentose, at first bulbous, 
 attenuated upwards, covered with paler, transversely arranged squa- 
 mules. Gills pallid, then cinnamon, adnexed, 4-5 mm. broad, crowded. 
 Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 
 8-9 x 5/x, with a large central gutta. Smell strong, acrid. Coniferous 
 woods, and under conifers. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 759. H. glutinosum (Lindgr.) Fr. (= Flammula lenta (Pers.) Fr. sec. 
 
 Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 112, fig. 1. Glutinosum, sticky. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., yellow white, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then plane, 
 regular, obtuse, glutinous, slimy in wet weather, sprinkled with white, 
 superficial, fugacious squamules. St. 7-9 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, be- 
 coming ferruginous downwards, firm, subbulbous, white squamulose, 
 fibrillose, apex white mealy, base strigose. Partial veil manifest, 
 fugacious. Gills pallid, then light yellowish, at length clay cinnamon, 
 sinuato-adnate, subdecurrent, broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, be- 
 coming light yellow, ferruginous in the st. especially towards the base, 
 thick at the disc. Spores pale cinnamon, elliptical, 8 x 3-4 p,, 1-guttu- 
 late, "punctate. Cystidia filamentous, 30-40 x 2-3 /x" Rick. Smell 
 not unpleasant, taste mild. Woods, especially oak and beech. Sept. 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 760. H. testaceum (Batsch) Fr. Cke. JQlus. no. 449, t. 408. 
 
 Testaceum, brick red. 
 
 P. 35 cm., brick pale, often ochraceous tan, or tan, somewhat opaque, 
 whitish at the margin, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then flattened, 
 regular, obtuse, smooth, obsoletely viscid, or dry. St. 3-7-5 cm. x 6- 
 8 mm., whitish, becoming somewhat tawny at the somewhat thickened, 
 fibrillose base, somewhat fragile, apex white mealy. Cortina thin, 
 fugacious. Gills pallid, then clay colour, subferruginous, attenuato-free, 
 lanceolate, very thin, at first ascending, very crowded. Flesh whitish, 
 then brownish, thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, pip- 
 shaped, 8-9 x 4-5-5 /x, multi-guttulate, "rough. Cystidia on edge 
 filamentous-clavate, 40-60 x 6-10/u," Rick. Smell faint, of radish. 
 Woods, and heaths. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 761. H. firmum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 112, fig. 3. Firmum, hard. 
 P. 5-7 cm., brick-red, fleshy, convex, then plane, at length depressed, 
 
 smooth, viscid. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-12 mm., whitish, brown and fibrillose 
 at the base, firm, somewhat attenuated downwards, covered with white, 
 fioccose squamules. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills whitish, then clay
 
 HEBELOMA 255 
 
 % 
 
 colour and ferruginous, sinuate, thin, arid, crowded. Flesh whitish, 
 then tawny. Spores "pale dirty colour under the microscope, sub- 
 fusiform, 9-11 x 4-5 /x, minutely punctate. Cystidia only on the 
 edge of the gill, filamentous-clavate, 36-40 x 3-5/x" Rick. Smell 
 faint. Coniferous woods. Feb. Oct. Rare. 
 
 762. H. claviceps Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 451, t. 410. 
 
 Clavus, a nail; caput, head. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., yellowish white, umbo darker, fleshy, convex, then ex- 
 panded, umbonate, or gibbous, viscid, naked ("more or less scaly, and 
 fibrillose" Gillet). St. 5-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, brownish at the base, 
 equal, white mealy. Gills pallid, then ochraceous brownish, emarginate, 
 arid, crowded. Flesh pale, yellowish under the cuticle of the p., thick 
 at the disc. Spores "reddish under the microscope, almond-shaped, 
 10-12 x 6-7 ft, roughish. Cystidia on edge of gill remarkably long, 
 filamentous-clavate, 75-90 x 6-12ju" Rick. Woods, especially beech. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 763. H. punctatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 113, fig. 1. Punctatum, dotted. 
 P. 2-5 cm., tan colour, disc umber, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, 
 
 convex, soon plane, disc obtuse, or gibbous, viscoso-papiUose, at length 
 depressed at the centre; margin white, superficially silky with the fibril- 
 lose veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, equal, flexuose, dry, silky- 
 fibrillose with the adpressed veil, apex white pruinose. Cortina white, 
 fugacious. Gills pallid, then pale ferruginous, or brownish, arcuato- 
 adnate, narrowed behind, slightly ventricose, narrow, 4-6 mm. broad, 
 plane, crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores " almond-shaped, 
 10-12 x 5-6 fjL, rough, with a thick membrane. Cystidia on edge of 
 gill short, filamentous, 30-36 x 3-4^,, filled with yellow juice" Rick. 
 Smell faint, not unpleasant. Gregarious. Pine woods. Sept. Un- 
 common. 
 
 764. H. versipelle Fr. Versipelle, changeable in appearance. 
 P. 2-5-8 cm., reddish tan, becoming pale at the disc, then dingy tan 
 
 and opaque when old, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, at first covered 
 with a tenacious, glutinous pellicle, then becoming dry; margin at first 
 covered with glued white-silky, villose down, then smooth. St. 5-8 cm. 
 x 4-6 mm., white, becoming fuscous at the base, tough, equal, at first 
 remarkably white-silky with the evident cortina, then longitudinally 
 fibrillosely striate, and easily splitting up into fibres, white mealy 
 above the ring formed by the cortina. Gills whitish, then clay cinnamon, 
 rounded, arid, 6-10 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming 
 fuscous in the st. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 8-12 x 6-7 /u,, 
 1-2-guttulate, rough. Smell faint, not unpleasant. Subcaespitose. 
 Grassy places, and among fir needles. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 256 HEBELOMA 
 
 765. H. strophosum Fr. o-rpo^o?, a belt. 
 P. 2-4 cm., bay, white and silky from the veil at the margin, fleshy, 
 
 fragile, convex, then plane, subumbonate, viscid when wet, then dry. 
 St. 2-5-5 cm. x 6 mm., whitish, at length becoming fuscous downwards, 
 equal, fragile, often curved at the base, clothed with the white silky veil 
 which forms an apical ring. Ring white, floccose, reflexed. Gills flesh 
 colour, then clay colour, slightly adnexed, leaving a wide, bare space 
 at the apex of the st., ventricose, 4-8 mm. broad, plane. Flesh watery 
 white, thin at the margin. Spores pale cinnamon, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/x, 
 1-guttulate. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, clavate-filament- 
 ous, 40-50 x 5-7 /x,, thin walled" Rick. Bare soil, and grassy places. 
 Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 766. H. mesophaeum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 452, t. 411. 
 
 /ieo-o?, middle; fyaibv, dusky. 
 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., pale yellowish, or becoming pale, disc date brown, fleshy, 
 conical, then convex, then plane, or depressed and darker at the disc, 
 viscid, smooth. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., whitish, then ferruginous, 
 tough, equal, fibrillose, base becoming fuscous, apex pruinose. Cortina 
 manifest, thin, fugacious. Gills clay ferruginous, rounded, or emargi- 
 nate, thin, plane, arid, crowded. Flesh greyish, becoming white, thin 
 at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/z, with 
 a large central gutta, roughish. Cystidia on edge of gill, " clavate- 
 filamentous, rarely fusiform-filamentous, 50-70 x 5-9 /x, thin walled" 
 Rick. Smell faint, sometimes of radish. Taste acrid. Woods, especially 
 coniferous woods, and charcoal heaps. Sept. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 var. holophaeum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 113, fig. 3. 
 
 6X05, entirely; <f>aiov, dusky. 
 
 Differs from the type in the umbonate p. being entirely dark fuscous, 
 in the st. becoming fuscous and subannulate with the cortinate veil, and 
 in the gills being slightly sinuate. 
 
 var. minus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 453, t. 412. Minus, smaller. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size. Common along with the 
 type, (v.v.) 
 
 767. H. subcollariatum B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 454, t. 506, as a var. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; collariatum, having a collar. 
 P. 2-5 cm., pallid, disc subfuscous, fleshy, convex, then more or less 
 expanded, slightly glutinous, the floccose veil soon vanishing. St. 
 5 cm. x 4 mm., pale, brown at the base, often flexuose, pulverulent. 
 Gills clay colour, edge shining white, very slightly rounded behind, 
 broadly adnate, soon separating from the st. and forming a short inter- 
 rupted collar, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad. Spores pale, ferruginous, 
 elliptical, 12-13 x 6/i, 1-guttulate. On naked soil. May Oct. 
 Uncommon.
 
 
 HEBELOMA 257 
 
 II. P. smooth, at the first with no cortina. 
 
 768. H. sinapizans (Paul.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 455, t. 413. 
 
 aLvairi, mustard. 
 
 P. 7-5-20 cm., clay colour, disc sometimes pale yellowish, fleshy, con- 
 vex, then plane, very obtuse, for the most part repand, often excentric, 
 smooth, slightly viscid when fresh. St. 7-5-12-5 x 2-5 cm., white, 
 rigid, equal, or fusiform rooted, fibrilloso-striate, apex white squamu- 
 lose. Gills clay cinnamon, opaque, deeply emarginate, sometimes 
 arcuato-decurrent, 610 mm. broad, crowded, fragile, arid. Flesh 
 white, compact. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-11 x 6/z. 
 Smell strong, of radish. Woods, and under trees. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 769. H. crustuliniforme (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 456, t. 507. 
 
 Crustulum, a small cake ; forma, shape. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., pale whitish tan, pale yellowish, or brick colour, disc 
 deeper coloured, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, or slightly gibbous, 
 rarely repand, smooth, at first viscid. St. 47 x 1-2-5 cm., whitish, 
 equal, or subbulbous, firm, apex white squamulose. Gills whitish, 
 then clay colour, at length date brown, rounded-adnexed, almost adnate, 
 narrow, linear, 2-4 mm. broad, crowded; edge unequal, guttate, dis- 
 tilling watery drops in wet weather, spotted when dry. Flesh whitish, 
 watery, thick. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10-12 x 5-6ju, rough. 
 Cystidia " only on the edge of the gill, filamentous-capitate, sometimes 
 also subventricose, 50-60 x 7-10/t, thin walled" Eick. Smell strong 
 of radish, or like the flowers of the common laurel. Taste acrid. 
 Poisonous. Woods, heaths, andpastures. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 var. minus Cke. (= Hebeloma hiemale Bres. sec. Big. & Guill.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 457, t. 414. Minus, smaller. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the floccose edge of the 
 gill and in its faint smell. Woods, and heaths. Oct. Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 770. H. subsaponaceum Karst. Karst. Icon. t. 44. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; sapo, soap. 
 
 P. 3 cm., gilvous, then pallid, darker when dry, expanded, obtuse, 
 naked, dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 3-4 mm., pale, becoming umber below when 
 touched, equal, rather wavy, adpressedly fibrillose, apex rather mealy. 
 Gills pale alutaceous, then ferruginous, adnate, 2mm. broad, crowded, 
 dry. Spores oval oblong, 6-10 x 4-6/A. Smell strong, of soap. Fir, 
 and mixed woods. Aug. Uncommon. 
 
 771. H. elatum (Batsch) Fr. Cke. IUus.no. 1165, t. 962. Elatum,tall. 
 P. 2-5-8 cm., tan colour, becoming pale tan when dry, fleshy, convex, 
 
 then flattened, obtuse, smooth, slightly viscid, opaque, margin very 
 thin. St. 8-10 cm. x 8-12 mm., whitish, equal, cylindrical, tense and 
 
 17
 
 258 HEBELOMA 
 
 straight, twisted with spiral fibres, base with, an ovately, villose bulb 
 when growing amongst fir leaves, adpressedly fibrillose, apex white 
 mealy. Gills pale cinnamon, rounded, with a small decurrent tooth, 
 6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores 
 brownish ferruginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 5/x. Smell very strong of 
 radish. Woods, especially coniferous woods, and heaths. Sept. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 772. H. longicaudum (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 458, t. 415. 
 
 Longus, long; cauda, a tail. 
 
 P. 4-12 cm., clay colour, becoming whitish, disc sometimes becoming 
 fuscous, fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, at length repand, 
 smooth, viscid; margin whitish, pruinose. St. 8-11 x 1-2 cm., white, 
 at length becoming tawny at the base, fragile, equal, or thickened at the 
 base, obsoletely fibrillose, apex mealy. Gills white clay, then cinnamon, 
 arcuato-adnate, 6 mm. broad, crowded, edge serrulate, somewhat 
 dotted. Flesh white, soft, watery, thin at the margin. Spores tawny 
 ochraceous, oblong elliptical, 11-12 x 6/i, minutely verrucose. 
 Cystidia "on edge of gill long, filamentous-clavate, 60-90 x 6-8^" 
 Eick. Smell faint, not unpleasant. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, 
 especially coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 773. H. radicatum (Cke.) Maire. (= Hebeloma elatum Quel. non 
 Batsch sec. Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 459, t. 416, as Hebeloma 
 longicaudum Fr. var. radicatum Cke. Radicatum, rooting. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., ochraceous fiesh colour, whitish at the margin, convex, 
 gibbous, glutinous. St. 7-11 x -5-1 cm., white, becoming brownish, 
 fusiform, rooting, soft, twisted, fibrillose, villose, mealy at the apex. 
 Gills pale fiesh colour, then brownish, adnate by a tooth, undulate. 
 Flesh white, thick, soft. Spores fuscous ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 5/x. 
 Smell of radish, or of honey, like that of Pholiota radicosa. Taste bitter. 
 Caespitose. Coniferous woods. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 774. H. lugens (Jungh.) Fr. Lugens, mourning. 
 P. 4-7-5 cm., brown, becoming somewhat yellow, fleshy, convex, then 
 
 plane, gibbous, often repand and irregular, smooth, subviscid. St. 
 4-7-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, shining, subbulbous, fibrillosely striate, 
 apex white mealy. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, somewhat free, 
 fragile, 4 mm. broad, edge crenulate, darker. Flesh white. Spores 
 "10 x 6/x," Massee. Smell strong. In troops. Woods, especially 
 beech. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 H. truncatum (Schaeff.) Fr. = Tricholoma truncatum (Schaeff.) Quel. 
 
 775. H. nudipes Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 14, fig. 3. 
 
 Nudus, naked; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 4-7 cm., pale tan, or clay colour, fleshy, convex, then flattened, 
 obtuse, unequal, smooth, slightly viscid, scarcely perceptibly streaked ;
 
 HEBELOMA 259 
 
 margin membranaceous, exceeding the gills. St. 5-8 cm. x 8-16 mm., 
 white, equal, fibrillose at the base, smooth above, straight, or curved 
 and ascending, pellicle separable. Gills tan colour, broadly emarginate, 
 crowded, dry. Flesh watery, white when dry, compact at the disc, very 
 thin at the margin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 12 x Qfj,. Smell weak, 
 not unpleasant. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 776. H. sacchariolens Quel. Quel. Soc. sc. n. de Rouen,- 1879, t. 1, 
 
 fig. 2. Saccharum, sugar; olens, smelling. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., whitish, disc buff colour, but the whole surface deepens in 
 colour with age, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, smooth, viscid. 
 St. 4-5 x 1 cm., white, streaked with fawn fibrils below, attenuated 
 above and at the base, striate, silky, apex pruinose. Gills whitish, then 
 buff colour, and finally ferruginous, sinuato-adnate, 6-10 mm. broad, 
 crenate, edge whitish. Flesh yellowish, or somewhat buff, thin at the 
 margin. Spores deep ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-11 x 7-8 /x, 
 with a hyaline basal apiculus. Smell very peculiar and strong, like 
 that of Entoloma ameides or "of burnt sugar, or orange fiowers" 
 Quel. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 777. H. nauseosum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1166, t. 963. 
 
 vav<Tia, sea-sickness. 
 
 P. 2-5-3-5 cm., ochrey-white, fleshy, convex, gibbous, more or less 
 expanded, smooth, viscid. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-10 mm., concolorous, in 
 decay turning black at the base, equal, or attenuated at the base, 
 faintly striate downwards, mealy above. Gills pallid, then clay colour, 
 and at length ferruginous, sinuate, ventricose, 6-10 mm. broad, sub- 
 distant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, 
 elliptical-fusiform (20 x 10/z Cke.), 12 x 6/z, 1-2-guttulate. Smell 
 very unpleasant. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 778. H. ischnostylum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 463, t. 420. 
 
 iV%i>o<?, thin; crrOXo?, a pillar. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., white, or a little pallid at the disc, fleshy, convex, then 
 expanded, broadly umbonate, slightly viscid. St. 5 cm. x 3-4 mm., 
 whitish, equal, or a little thickened at the base, smooth. Gills whitish, 
 then clay colour, rounded behind, adnexed, edge slightly serrate. Flesh 
 white, thin at the margin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 12 x 7-5/u,. 
 Smell none, or with a faint odour of Spiraea. Amongst grass under 
 alders. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 T79. H. capniocephalum (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 462, t. 419. 
 
 KCLTTVOS, smoke; ice<j>a\r), head. 
 
 P. 4-7-5 cm., pale yellowish, or reddish, disc darker, margin at length 
 ling black, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth. St. 5- 
 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, attenuated downwards, striate with rufescent 
 
 172
 
 260 HEBELOMA. HYPHOLOMA 
 
 fibrils, becoming pale. Gills ferruginous, emarginate, broad, scarcely 
 crowded. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores fuscous, ellip- 
 tical, 9 x 5jit. "Smell of musk" Secretan. Mixed woods, and under 
 firs, and pines. Oct. Nov. Rare. 
 
 780. H. diffractum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 114, fig. 1. 
 
 Diffractum, broken in pieces. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., tan colour, fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, 
 smooth, somewhat dry, at length squamosely broken up. St. 2-5- 
 4 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, subfusiform, attenuated downwards, hollow, 
 squamulose with white flocci above. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, 
 emarginate, ventricose, broad, crowded, dry. Spores ferruginous, 
 "10-12 x 4 5/x" Massee. Smell weak, unpleasant, somewhat of 
 radish. Pine needles in woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 III. P. scarcely 2-5 cm. broad. Stature that of the Naucoriae. 
 
 781. H. magnimamma Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 114, fig. 2. 
 
 Magnus, large; mamma, breast. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., brick colour, at length becoming pale yellowish, fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, with a prominent, breast-shaped umbo, smooth, 
 but becoming somewhat streaky towards the margin. St. 2-5-7 cm. 
 x 23 mm., pale yellowish, becoming pale, equal, or flexuose, often 
 substriate, fibrous, smooth. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, sinuato- 
 adnate, 2-3 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh yellowish, tawny under the 
 cuticle of the p., very thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, 
 broadly elliptical, 9-12 x 5-6 fj,, with a hyaline basal, or subbasal, 
 apiculus, multi-guttulate. Pastures, under oaks, and apple trees. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 H. petiginosum Fr. = Astrosporina petiginosa (Fr.) Rea. 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous. 
 
 Hypholoma Fr. 
 (i></>?7, a web; \a)/j,a, a fringe.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, firm, or fragile. Stem central, fibrous, or 
 fleshy. Gills sinuate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores purple, 
 fuscous, or cinereous purple; elliptical, subglobbse, pip-shaped, or 
 reniform, smooth, rarely verrucose, with an apical germ-pore. 
 Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, more rarely on the 
 ground, often densely caespitose, or fasciculate. 
 
 *Colour of the tough, smooth, dry (except Hypholoma 
 silaceum) p. bright, not hygrophanous. 
 
 782. H. silaceum (Pers.) Fr. (= Flammuloides sublateritia Schaeff. 
 sec. Quel.) Silaceum, ochraceous.
 
 HYPHOLOMA 261 
 
 P. 6-8 cm., orange rufous, fleshy, convex, viscid; margin whitish, 
 silky. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, bulbous, shining, fibril- 
 loso-striate. Gills grey, then olivaceous, adnate, crowded. Spores pale 
 purplish brown. Smell pleasant, of meal. Solitary, " caespitose from 
 a common tuber" Secretan. Old pastures, and under firs. Aug. 
 Nov. Eare. 
 
 783. H. sublateritium (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 73, no. 162. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; lateritium, brick colour. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., tawny-brick-red, paler round the margin, fleshy, con- 
 vexo-plane, obtuse, discoid, dry, covered with a superficial, somewhat 
 silky, whitish cloudiness (arising from the veil), becoming smooth', 
 margin often append iculate with the veil. St. 5-10 cm. x -15 mm., 
 yellow, ferruginous downwards, firm, attenuated downwards, rarely 
 equal, scaly-fibrillose, fibrils pallid. Cortina white, at length becoming 
 black, superior. Gills dingy yellowish, and darker at the base, then 
 fuliginous, at length inclining to olivaceous, adnate, sinuate, somewhat 
 crowded. Flesh yellowish, ferruginous at the base of the st., compact. 
 Spores fuscous purple, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/z,, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia 
 cylindric-clavate, or flask-shaped, apex obtuse, 6-7/z in diam., 
 35-50 x 10-15/x, on the edge of the gill, fusiform-capitate, 30-36 x 
 7-9 fji, contents yellow. Taste bitter. Poisonous. Subcaespitose. 
 Woods, hedgerows, and old posts. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Schaefferi B. & Br. Schaeff. Icon. t. 49, figs. 4-5. 
 
 J. C. Schaefier. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the light yellowish, conical, 
 at length depressed, wrinkled p., and the narrow decurrent gills. Stumps. 
 July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. pomposum Fr. Pomposum, stately. 
 
 Differs from the type in the thicker, almost entirely tawny p., the 
 thick stem up to 2-5 cm. broad, becoming pale above, the membranaceous 
 ring, and the gills at length becoming a beautiful olive. Stumps. July 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. squamosum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 573, t. 558. Squamosum, scaly. 
 Differs from the type in the p. being spotted with scales, especially 
 towards the margin. Trunks. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 784. H. capnoides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 133, fig. 1. KaTrvtoSrjs, smoky. 
 P. 2-5-8 cm., ochraceous-yellowish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, 
 
 obtuse, dry, smooth, often wrinkled, margin appendiculate with the 
 veil. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, becoming ferruginous under the 
 surface covering when old, apex whitish, equal, often curved and flexu- 
 ose, becoming silky-even, here and there striate. Cortina white, then
 
 262 HYPHOLOMA 
 
 becoming fuscous purple. Gills whitish, or bluish-grey, then 
 purple, adnate, easily separating, rather broad, somewhat crowded. 
 Flesh whitish, often somewhat ferruginous towards the base of the st. 
 Spores pale fuscous, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4//,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 "clavate, with a prominent point, 36-50 x 10-15/u," Eick. Smell 
 and taste mild. Caespitose, or fasciculate. Coniferous stumps. 
 April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 785. H. epixanthum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 133, fig. 2. eVtfai/#oi>, tawny. 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., light yellow, or becoming pale, disc generally darker, 
 
 fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, or gibbous, sometimes depressed at 
 the disc, slightly silky, then becoming smooth; margin appendiculate 
 with the veil. St. 7-14 cm. x 6-10 mm., yellow, pale ferruginous, or 
 becoming fuscous below, equal, or attenuated from the thickened base, 
 floccoso-fibrillose, apex pruinose. Cortina white, silky. Gills light 
 yellowish white, or citron yellow, then cinereous, adnate, crowded. 
 Flesh yellow, often ferruginous at the base of the st., thin at the mar- 
 gin. Spores cinereous purple, broadly elliptical, 6 7 x 4/x, 1-guttulate. 
 Cystidia "clavate, with a prominent point, 36-40 x 9-12 ju," Rick. 
 Smell strong. Caespitose. Stumps in frondose, and coniferous woods, 
 hedgerows, and parks. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 786. H. elaeodes Fr. (= Flammuloides fascicularis Huds. sec. Quel.) 
 
 eXaia, the olive-tree; etSo<?, like. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., brick-red, or tan tinged reddish at the disc, fleshy, convex, 
 then plane, or slightly depressed, obtuse, or subumbonate, dry, smooth, 
 opaque; margin for a long time incurved, undulate, folded. St. 5- 
 9 cm. x 510 mm., dirty yellow, more or less ferruginous, equal, or 
 attenuated at the base, incurved, or flexuose, fibrillose. Cortina white, 
 apical. Gills green, or greenish yellow, then olivaceous, and finally 
 brownish purple, adnate, crowded, thin. Flesh yellow, ferruginous in 
 the st., thin at the margin. Spores brownish purple, broadly elliptical, 
 6-8 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia "nearly flask-shaped, 30 x 8- 
 lOju., obtuse, filled with yellow juice" Rick. Smell and taste bitter. 
 Caespitose. On stumps, and on the ground. Woods, and pastures. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 787. H. fasciculare (Huds.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 576, t. 561. 
 
 Fasciculare, in little bundles. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., light yellow, disc often darker, fleshy, convex, then 
 flattened, obtuse, or subumbonate, smooth, dry; margin often ap- 
 pendiculate with the veil. St. 5-22 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, 
 equal, base attenuated, or thickened, incurved, or flexuose, fibrillose. 
 Cortina yellowish-white, fibrillose, torn. Gills sulphur yellow, then 
 green, adnate, linear, 3-4 mm. broad, very crowded, subdeliquescent
 
 HYPHOLOMA 263 
 
 Flesh yellow, thin. Spores purple, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/n, 1-guttulate. 
 Cystidia clavate, 28-35 x 7-10/u,, contents yellowish. Smell and 
 taste very bitter. On stumps, and on the ground. Woods, pastures, 
 and hedgerows. Jan Dec. Common, (v.v.) . 
 
 788. H. instratum Britz. Cke. Illus. no. 1181, t. 1157. 
 
 Instratum, bare. 
 
 P. 2-3-5 cm., dark brown, fleshy, hemispherical, convex, broadly 
 umbonate, radiately rugose, margin appendiculate with the white veil. 
 St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., white above, brownish at the base, equal, apex 
 smooth, fibrillose, or squamulose below. Gills brown, then purple brown, 
 adnate, subventricose, 6 mm. broad. Flesh brownish, thin. Spores 
 purple brown, elliptical, 8 x 4/i. Caespitose. On stumps. Sept. 
 Oct. Eare. 
 
 789. H. aellopum Fr. aeXXo-Trow, storm-footed. 
 P. 2-5 cm., rufescent, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth. 
 
 St. 5-6 cm. x 48 mm., variegated with minute, red squamules, fusi- 
 form, rooting, with a separable tube inside. Gills yellowish, then 
 fuscous-olivaceous, adnate. Subcaespitose. Stumps, especially fir, and 
 larch. Sept. Rare. 
 
 790. H. dispersum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 133, fig. 3. Dispersum, scattered. 
 P. 2-4 cm., tawny honey colour, not hygrophanous, fleshy, campanu- 
 
 late, then convex, at length expanded, smooth, superficially white 
 silky with the veil round the margin. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., somewhat 
 ferruginous, becoming fuscous at the base, apex pale, equal, tense and 
 straight, tough, fibrillosely silky, besprinkled with white, zone-like 
 markings from the remains of the veil. Gills pallid straw colour, at 
 length clouded, obsoletely green, adnate, ventricose, 4-8 mm. broad, 
 thin, crowded, edge often white Flesh yellowish, ferruginous under the 
 cuticle of the p. and in the st., thin. Spores purple, pip-shaped, 8- 
 9 x 4-5 /A. Cystidia "subclavate, 30-45 x 7-10/i, often drawn out 
 into a point, filled with a yellow juice" Rick. Solitary, rarely caespi- 
 tose. Amongst coniferous needles and twigs, rarely on stumps, and 
 sawdust. April Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 791. H. irroratum Karst. Irroratum, bedewed. 
 P. 4 cm., tawny honey colour, convex, then plane, gibbous, even; 
 
 margin silky, pruinose. St. 13 cm. x 5 mm., pallid, equal, rooting, 
 tough, fibrillosely silky, wavy below, and with dense rusty down. Gills 
 straw colour, then darker, and tinged green, adnate, crowded ; margin 
 dentate. Spores hyaline under the microscope, elliptical, 6-9 x 4-5/>i. 
 Smell and taste very sour. Rare.
 
 264 HYPHOLOMA 
 
 **P. naked, viscid. 
 
 792. H. incomptum Massee. Incomptum, unadorned. 
 P. 7-5-10 cm., deep bay brown, orange-tawny when dry, campanulate, 
 
 then expanded, broadly gibbous, viscid, silky when dry; margin 
 usually flexuose. St. 6-7-5 cm. x 16 mm., pale above, dark ferruginous 
 below, equal, covered with minute, spreading, ferruginous, fibrillose 
 squamules, mixed with primrose yellow tomentum. Gills pallid, then 
 deep olive, finally clouded with purple from the spores, adnate, slightly 
 rounded behind, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded, thin. Flesh tawny, 2 mm. 
 thick. Spores purplish, obliquely elliptical, 8 x 3-5/i. Stumps. 
 Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 793. H. oedipus Cke. Cke. Elus. no. 579, t. 587, fig. A. 
 
 oiSiTrovs, swollen footed. 
 
 P. 12-5 cm., umber, or brownish olivaceous, paler, and subochraceous 
 at the striate margin, which exceeds the gills, fleshy, turbinate, or hemi- 
 spherical, then convex, glutinous, smooth, dull; margin at first ap- 
 pendiculate with the veil. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, tawny at the 
 base, attenuated upwards from the bulbous base, apex pruinose, fibril- 
 lose below the ring. Ring whitish, median, torn, fugacious. Gills 
 whitish, then umber, broadly adnate, sometimes with a minute decur- 
 rent tooth, plane, edge somewhat granular, or crenulate, often whitish. 
 Flesh brownish, becoming white, thick at the disc. Spores dark brown, 
 elliptical oblong, 9-10 x 5-6/t. Sticks, and dead leaves. Solitary, or 
 caespitose. Feb. Rare. 
 
 ***P. silky with innate fibrils, or streaked. 
 
 794. H. lacrymabundum Fr. non Quel. (= Stropharia cotonea QueL, 
 Hypholoma storea Fr. var. caespitosum Cke., Hypholoma hypo- 
 xanthum Phill. & Plowr., Hypholoma pseudostorea W. G. Sm.) 
 Fr. Icon. t. 134, fig. 1. Lacrymabundum, weeping. 
 
 P. 4-7-5 cm., whitish, becoming fuscous and pale round the margin, 
 fleshy, convex, obtuse, piloso-scaly, the innate scales darker; margin 
 appendiculate with the veil. St. 5-11 cm. x 6-12 mm., whitish, then 
 fuscous whitish, slightly attenuated upwards from the somewhat 
 thickened base, which is often yellowish, curved, fibrillosely scaly, apex 
 smooth. Cortina white, separate, fibrillose. Gills whitish, then fuscous 
 purple, adnate, 6 mm. broad, crowded, edge whitish, often distilling 
 drops in wet weather. Flesh white, greyish when moist, soft. Spores 
 fuscous purple, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-4-5/z. Cystidia cylindrical, or flask- 
 shaped, base ventricose, apex obtuse, 5-6/x in diam., 28-40 x 8-18/z. 
 Taste pleasant. Densely caespitose. On stumps, and on the ground. 
 Beech, birch, and coniferous woods. Sept. Dec. Notuncommon. (v.v.) 
 
 795. H. pyiotrichum (Holmsk.) Fr. (= Stropharia pyrotricha(Holmsk.) 
 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 583, t. 564. irvp, fire; 0pi^ t hair.
 
 HYPHOLOMA 265 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., fiery tawny, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, then ex- 
 panded, densely clothed with somewhat adpressed, tawny fibrils, which 
 are here and there fasciculate in the form of scales. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4- 
 15 mm., pallid, becoming tawny, equal, fibrillose, commonly squarrose 
 with small, fiery tawny scales. Cortina tawny. Gills pallid, then be- 
 coming brown, adnate, at length free, 10-12 mm. broad, somewhat 
 crowded, edge white, flocculose. Flesh tawny, deeper coloured in the st., 
 thin at the margin. Spores fuscous purple, pip-shaped, 10-11 x 6-5- 
 7fji. Cystidia clavate, 12-13^ in diam. at apex, 44-70 x 7-9/u,, con- 
 tents often yellowish. Caespitose. Woods, and about roots of trees. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. egregium Massee. Egregium, distinguished. 
 
 Differs from the type in the st. below the ring being covered with 
 spreading, squarrose, whitish scales, and in the purple brown, broadly 
 elliptical, or subglobose, apiculate spores, 6 x 4-5/x. Fasciculate, near 
 to stumps. Fir woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 796. H. velutinum (Pers.) Fr. (= Stropharia lacrimabunda (Bull.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 582, t. 563. Velutinum, velvety. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm.j lurid, becoming tawny, then clay colour isabelline, 
 hygrophanous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, at length ob- 
 tusely umbonate, adpressedly, tomentosely fibrillose, becoming smooth ; 
 margin appendiculate with the white veil. St. 5-12-5 cm. x 4-15 mm., 
 dingy clay colour, equal, fragile, fibrillosely silky, apex tomentose 
 above the veil. Cortina white, then black, woolly. Gill inclining to 
 fuscous, then date brown fuscous, dotted black, adnexed, easily sepa- 
 rating, 8-10 mm. broad, subdistant, edge white,fioccose, distilling watery, 
 hyaline drops. Flesh pallid, very thin, fragile. Spores brownish 
 purple, elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /x, verrucose, with an apical germ pore. 
 Cystidia capitate-clavate, 50-60 x 12-15/x. Taste mild. Poisonous. 
 Solitary, or in groups of two or three. Woods, pastures, roadsides, 
 rarely on stumps. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. leiocephalum B. & Br. \eto<?, smooth; K(j>a\,ij, head. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the very rugose disc, and 
 pallid p., smooth except at the fibrillose margin, and the pallid st., 
 farinose at the apex. Densely caespitose. Old stumps, and in woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 797. H. melantinum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 134, fig. 2. 
 
 /xeXa?, black; t?, a fibre. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., umber, then pale, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then 
 plane, obtuse, covered with innate, adpressed, hairy, black squamules. 
 St. 4-6 cm. x 4-12 mm., pallid, equal, or slightly attenuated up- 
 wards, fibrillosely hispid with whitish, then fuscous fibrils. Cortina
 
 266 HYPHOLOMA 
 
 white, tender, fugacious. Gills pallid, then umber, adnexed, almost 
 free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores fuscous 
 purple, reniform, 78 x 3-^/z, 1 2-guttulate. Cystidia "on surface 
 of gill sparse, flask-shaped, on edge of gill vesiculose, 45-55 x 12- 
 15/i " Rick. Solitary. Base of birch, and elm trees. Parks. Sept. 
 Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 ****P. covered with floccose, superficial, fugacious scales. 
 
 798. H. cascum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 584, t. 544. Cascum, old. 
 P. 4-8 cm., livid grey, tan whitish when dry, fleshy, oval, then ex- 
 panded, obtuse, covered when young with superficial, white, fugacious 
 scales, then smooth, slightly wrinkled when dry, disc persistently 
 even; margin appendiculate with the white, squamulose veil. St. 
 7-5-10 cm. x 4-6 mm,, white, equal, fragile, fibrillose, apex white- 
 mealy. Gills grey, then black fuscous, rounded-adnexed, ventricose, 
 4-8 mm. broad, arid, fragile. Flesh white, thin. Spores purple, ellip- 
 tical, 7-8 x 4-5/x. Cystidia "fusiform-pointed, 40-50 x 9-13/x, 
 somewhat thick walled " Rick. Taste bitter. Coniferous woods, and 
 pastures. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 H. punctulatum (Kalchbr.) Cke. = Stropharia punctulata (Kalchbr.) 
 Fr. 
 
 *****P. smooth, hygrophanous, margin appendiculate with the veil. 
 
 799. H. lanaripes Cke. (= Hypholoma appendiculatum Bull. sec. 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 585, t. 545. Lana, wool; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., pallid, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, hygro- 
 phanous, squamose with superficial scales arising from the breaking up 
 of the cuticle', margin appendiculate with the fugacious veil. St. 
 5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., white, equal, fragile, subfibrillose, base tomentose. 
 Gills whitish, then purplish brown, reaching the st., crowded. Flesh 
 pallid, thin. Soil in conservatories. Subcaespitose. June July. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 800. H. Candolleanum Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 586, t. 546. 
 
 Alphonse de Candolle. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., date brown, then white, disc ochraceous, fleshy acorn- 
 shaped, then campanulate, soon convex, at length flattened, obtuse, 
 unequal, smooth; margin appendiculate with the white, at length 
 fuscous veil. St. 47-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, somewhat thickened at 
 the base, fragile, fibrillose, apex striate. Gills violaceous, then fuscous 
 cinnamon, edge at first whitish, rounded-adnexed, then separating, 
 crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores brownish violet, "elliptical, 
 8 x 4/Lt " Karst. Cystidia "only on edge of gill, subcylindrical or sub- 
 ventricose, 30-45 x 9-10/z" Rick. Taste mild. Edible. In troops, 
 or subcaespitose. Woods and stumps. April Nov. Common.
 
 HYPHOLOMA 267 
 
 801. H. appendiculatum (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 587, t. 547. 
 
 Appendiculatum, having a small appendage. 
 
 P. 58 cm., date brown, then tawny, ochrey pale when dry, fleshy - 
 membranaceous, ovate, then expanded, at length flattened, obtuse, 
 pruinose, sprinkled with a few, fugacious flecks, then smooth, slightly 
 wrinkled when dry; margin appendiculate with the white, fugacious 
 veil. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, equal, fragile, fibrillose, apex 
 pruinose. Gills white, then flesh colour, at length fuscous, subadnate, 
 crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores fuscous purple, elliptical, 
 7-8 x 4-4-5ju,. Cystidia cylindrical, often slightly constricted below 
 the apex, base subventricose, 35-45 x 10-13 p. Taste mild. Edible. 
 In troops, or caespitose. Woods, hedgerows, and wood heaps. 
 June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lanatum B. & Br. Lanatum, woolly. 
 
 Differs from the type in being densely woolly when young, traces of 
 the woolly coat remaining at the apex when the p. is expanded. 
 
 var. flocculosum Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 137. Flocculosum, flocculose. 
 
 Differs from the type in the white squamulose, longitudinally striate, 
 or sulcate, somewhat lobed p., and the striate st. of ten flocculose. Woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 802. H. catarium Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1180, t. 1176. 
 
 Catarium, belonging to a cat. 
 
 P. 1-5-2-5 cm., ochraceous, then paler, fleshy membranaceous, hemi- 
 spherical, then expanded, smooth, hygrophanous ; margin appendicu- 
 late with the white veil. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, rather 
 shining, base incrassated and white floccose, apex striate. Gills white, 
 then fuscous, adnate, narrow, rather crowded. Flesh white, thin. 
 Spores fuscous purple, elliptic-oblong, 6 x 3//,. Gregarious, or sub- 
 caespitose. Amongst grass in parks, and roadsides. Sept. Eare. 
 
 803. H. leucotephrum B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 588, t. 548. 
 
 Xevtf09, white; re^pov, ash-coloured. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., dark grey, whitish when dry, fleshy, somewhat cam- 
 panulate, then convexo-expanded, wrinkled; margin appendiculate 
 with the white veil. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., white, equal, attenu- 
 ated at the base, silky-fibrillose downwards, apex striate, or sulcato- 
 striate. Gills cinereous whitish, then grey, turning black, slightly adnate, 
 3-6 mm. broad. Flesh pallid, becoming white, thick at the disc. Spores 
 cinereous purple, elliptical, 89 x 5/z. Cystidia "on edge of gill sub- 
 cylindrical, constricted-capitate, 30-40 x 6-8 //," Rick. Caespitose. 
 Base of ash trees, and amongst beech leaves, and pine needles. Sept. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 268 HYPHOLOMA 
 
 804. H. egenulum B. & Br. (= Hypholoma appendiculatum Bull. sec. 
 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 589, t. 605, fig. A. Egenulum, poor. 
 
 P. 3-4 cm., watery white, snow white when dry, fleshy, hemispherical, 
 then expanded, umbonate, smooth; margin finely striate, appendicu- 
 late with the white veil. St. 4-5 cm. x 3 mm., white, attenuated up- 
 wards, or nearly equal, minutely adpressedly scaly. Gills purplish 
 timber, edge white, adnate, with a tooth, slightly ventricose, sub- 
 distant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores brown purple. Solitary. 
 Amongst grass. May. Eare. 
 
 805. H. pilulaeforme (Bull.) Fr. (= Hypholoma hydrophilum Bull, 
 sec. Quel.) Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 112. 
 
 Pilula, a little ball;/orme, shaped. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., fuscous, dingy ochraceous when dry, submembranaceous, 
 globose, then convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth; margin pale, striate, 
 slightly appendiculate with the white veil. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., 
 white, equal, flexuose, often slightly thickened at the base. Cortina 
 white, membranaceous, often forming a ring, fugacious. Gills white, 
 then cinereous, at length fuscous, adnexed, easily separating, narrow, 
 2-3 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores cinereous 
 purple, elliptical, 6-8 x 4//,. Densely caespitose. On stumps, and 
 buried wood. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 806. H. hydrophilum (Bull.) Fr. (= Bolbitius hydrophilus (Bull.) Fr. 
 Hym. Eur.) Cke. Illus. no. 606, t. 610, as Psilocybe spadicea Fr. 
 
 vSwp, water; (j)i\ov, loving. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., date brown when moist, tawny, or tan colour when dry, 
 fleshy, globose, then convex and expanded, pruinose, striate near 
 the margin when moist, wrinkled when dry; margin often undulate, 
 appendiculate with the white, fugacious veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., 
 white, becoming somewhat ferruginous downwards, rigid, but fragile, 
 equal, or attenuated slightly upwards, curved, fibrillose at the base. 
 Gills whitish, then date brown fuscous, adnate, ventricose, crowded, 
 often distilling hyaline drops. Flesh pallid, white when dry, very thin 
 at the margin. Spores ferruginous purple, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-3-5/A, 
 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia cylindrical, ventricose, often constricted 
 below the apex, apex obtuse, 8-9/z in diam., 25-28 x 12-14/z. 
 Densely caespitose. Stumps in woods, and on sawdust. Aug. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 H. fibrillosum (Pers.) Quel. = Psathyra fibrillosa (Pers.) Fr. 
 H. nolitangere (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyra nolitangere Fr. 
 H.fatuum (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyra fatua Fr. 
 H. ammophilum (Mont.) Quel. = Psilocybe ammophila (Mont.) Fr. 
 H. gossypinum (Bull.) Quel. = Psathyra gossypina (Bull.) Fr.
 
 HYPHOLOMA. CLITOCYBE 269 
 
 H. pennatum (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyra pennata Fr. 
 
 H. semivestitum (B. & Br.) Quel. = Psathyra semivestita B. & Br. 
 
 H. bifrons (Berk.) Big. & Guillem. = Psathyra bifrons Berk. 
 
 H. Gordonii (B. & Br.) Big. & Guillem. = Psathyra Gordonii B. & Br. 
 
 ****Gills decurrent, or adnato-decurrent by a tooth.. 
 Spores white ; hymenium not waxy, nor pulverulent. 
 
 Clitocybe Fr. 
 
 (:\iT09, a slope; /cvftrj, head.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, or irregular; margin incurved. Stem central, 
 externally fibrous. Gills decurrent, rarely adnate, with an acute edge. 
 Spores white, rarely yellowish, or greenish, elliptical, pip-shaped, 
 globose, subglobose, or oblong; smooth, punctate, verrucose, or 
 echinulate, continuous. Growing on the ground, rarely on wood, 
 solitary, caespitose, or forming rings. 
 
 A. P. fleshy, often pale and silky when dry, not hygrophanous. 
 
 a. P. convex, then plane, or depressed, regular, obtuse. 
 
 *P. cinereous, or fuscous. 
 
 807. C. nebularis (Batsch) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 9, as Agaricus 
 turgidus. Nebularis, clouded. 
 
 P. 7 -5-20 cm., fuliginous, or fuscous, then grey, fleshy, somewhat 
 compact, convex, then plane, very obtuse, at length depressed at the 
 disc, dry, at first pruinosely grey, becoming smooth, more rarely 
 innately streaked, or shining when scorched by the sun. St. 7- 
 12 x 2-3 cm., whitish, thickened at the base, attenuated upwards, 
 spongy, elastic, fibrillosely striate. Gills whitish, sometimes becoming 
 yellow, shortly and equally decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, thin. 
 Flesh white, thick. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4/i, 1-2-guttu- 
 late. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. 
 Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 808. C. clavipes (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 47, upper figs. 
 
 Clavus, a nail; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 46 cm., fuscous, fuliginous, cinereous-livid, sometim.es whitish 
 round the margin, very rarely wholly white, fleshy, slightly convex, 
 soon plane, at length almost obconical, very obtuse, sometimes um- 
 bonate, smooth. St. 4-6 x 1 cm., concolorous, conical, base bulbous, 
 elastic, somewhat fibrillose. Gills white, sometimes yellowish, deeply 
 decurrent, subdistant, flaccid, broad. Flesh cinereous, then white, lax, 
 thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/t, 1-guttulate. 
 Smell faint, pleasant. Taste mild. Beech, and coniferous woods. 
 Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.)
 
 270 CLITOCYBE 
 
 809. C. comitialis (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 47, lower figs. 
 
 Comitialis, belonging to the comitia. 
 
 P. 25 cm., umber fuliginous, almost becoming black, fleshy, convex, 
 then plane, obtuse, smooth, somewhat moist. St. 4-7 cm. x 6-15 mm., 
 concolorous, equally attenuated upwards, elastic, smooth. Gills white, 
 adnato-decurrent, horizontal, plane, crowded, thin. Flesh white, firm, 
 compact. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Pine woods. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 810. C. obscurata Cke. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 5, fig. C. 
 
 Obscurata, darkened. 
 
 P. 5 cm., greyish umber, plane, then infundibuliform, moist, smooth. 
 St. 3-4 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, slightly attenuated downwards, 
 sometimes substriate. Gills white, decurrent, rather distant. Spores 
 white, siibelliptical, 3 x 1-5-2/n. Smell of meal. Amongst grass and 
 dead leaves. Sept. Rare. 
 
 811. C. gangraenosa Fr. ydyypaiva, a gangrene. 
 P. 4-8 cm., whitish, tinged with bistre, or livid, sometimes green, 
 
 fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, white, pulverulent, then covered ivith 
 brownish hairs especially at the margin, then naked, variegated, or 
 streaked. St. 4-5 x 1 cm., white, subbulbous, soft, striate,, or slightly 
 sulcate, curved, sometimes excentric. Gills dingy white, subdecurrent, 
 arcuate, very crowded. Flesh white, becoming blackish or spotted with 
 black. Spores white. Smell stinking, foetid. Woods, and larch planta- 
 tions. Oct. Nov. Rare. 
 
 var. nigrescens (Lasch) Cke. Nigrescens, becoming black. 
 
 Differs from the type in its whitish colour, and rather sweet smell. 
 Larch plantations. Rare. 
 
 812. C. polia Fr. (= Paxittus inornatus (Sow.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 48, 
 fig. 1. TroXta, grey. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., grey, fleshy, convexo-plane, regular, smooth ; margin 
 white, incurved. St. 39 x -5-1 cm., greyish white, equal, base sub- 
 bulbous, smooth. Gills white, decurrent, very crowded, very narrow, 
 1 mm. broad. Flesh greyish, becoming white. Spores white, "6-8 x 3 
 4/u," Sacc. Caespitose. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 813. C. inornata (Sow.) Fr. (== Paxillus inornatus (Sow.) Quel.) 
 Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 155. Inornatus, unadorned. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., cinereous grey, then somewhat tan colour, fleshy, convex, 
 then plane and depressed, sometimes slightly gibbous; margin at 
 first involute, pubescent, striate with evanescent veins. St. 4-6 cm. x 8- 
 12 mm., concolorous, subequal, fibrillosely tomentose, base white, floe- 
 cose. Gills concolorous, rounded behind, adnate, or adnato-decurrent,
 
 CLITOCYBE 271 
 
 crowded, easily separable from the hymenophore. Flesh whitish grey, 
 thick at the disc. Spores white, oblong, apiculate at the base, 
 8-10 x 3^i. Smell rancid, taste insipid. Woods, and pastures. Oct. 
 Nov. Rare. 
 C. niinbata (Batsch) Quel. = Tricholoma panaeolum Fr. sec. Quel. 
 
 814. C. luscina Fr. Luscus, one-eyed. 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., brown, then grey, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, 
 
 sometimes excentric, smooth, moist. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, 
 slightly attenuated downwards, entirely white pulverulent, or only so at 
 the apex. Gills white-hyaline, decurrent, horizontal, straight, crowded, 
 thin, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white. Pastures. 
 Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 815. C. curtipes Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 48, fig. 5. Curtus, short; pes, foot. 
 P. 2-7-5 cm.., fuscous, then pale and becoming whitish, fleshy, convex, 
 
 then plane, obtuse, oblique, silky. St. 2-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., reddish 
 fuscous, rigid, cartilaginous, attenuated downwards, somewhat fibrillose, 
 apex white pruinose. Grills shining white, adnate, scarcely decurrent, 
 very crowded, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, firm. Spores white. 
 Amongst grass. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 816. C. hirneola Fr. Hirneola, a small jug. 
 P. 1-2 cm., cinereous, or grey, becoming pale and hoary, slightly 
 
 fleshy, plano-convex, then depressed in the centre and umbilicate, very 
 smooth, shining, semi- viscid when fresh, the cuticle as if with a glued 
 silkiness ; margin involute, very thin. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., con- 
 colorous, elastic, equal, flexuose, smooth, apex white pruinose. Gills 
 whitish-grey, subdecurrent, crowded, thin, rather broad. Flesh white, 
 often bistre when moist, thin. Spores dirty white in the mass, sub- 
 globose, 4-5 x 4/A, multi-guttulate. Edible. Amongst grass, and 
 leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. undulata (Bull.) Fr. (= var. major Fr. Mon.) Undulata, waved. 
 Differs from the type in its larger size, the p. being 3-4 cm., flattened, 
 flexuose, subzonate, grey, becoming whitish. 
 
 817. C. zygophylla Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1137, t. 948. 
 
 wyov, a yoke ; <j>v\\ov, leaf. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., greyish when moist, pale ochraceous white when dry, 
 fleshy, convex, then expanded, disc often slightly depressed, tough, 
 flaccid, hygrophanous ; margin thin, involute at first, rugose, or plicate, 
 as if pinched up at regular intervals. St. 5-6 x 1 cm., white, then pallid, 
 equal, expanding into the p., smooth, base with a thin white tomentum. 
 Gills cinereous, deeply decurrent, rather distant, 4 mm. broad, dis- 
 tinctly connected by veins. Flesh white, greyish under the cuticle of the
 
 272 CLITOCYBE 
 
 p., thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 8-9 x 4/x, with a large central gutta. Amongst leaves. Oct. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **P. violet, or rufescent. 
 
 818. C. cyanophaea Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. Heft. 8-9, t. 17, fig. 3, as 
 Tricholoma nudum. Kvavos, dark blue; <j>aid, dusky. 
 
 P. 7-10 cm., fuscous, becoming azure-blue, rather fleshy, convex, 
 then plane, obtuse, smooth. St. 7-8 x 1-2 cm., bluish when young, 
 attenuated upwards from the thickened base, apex abruptly white, 
 smooth. Gills violet, then pale, deeply decurrent, crowded. Woods. 
 Rare. 
 
 var. Pengellei B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 131, t. 264. 
 
 T. W. Pengelly, the geologist. 
 
 Differs from the type in having the st. attenuated at the base. 
 
 C. opipara Fr. = Tricholoma opiparum (Fr.) Quel. 
 
 C. amara (A. & S.) Fr. = Tricholoma amarum (A. & S.) Quel. 
 
 819. C. socialis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 49, lower figs. Socialis, sociable. 
 P. 2-3 cm., reddish yellow, fleshy, convex, then expanded, acutely 
 
 umbonate when young, smooth, dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., reddish, 
 ascending, fibrous, rooting base peronately hairy. Gills becoming yellow, 
 plano-decurrent, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores white. 
 Densely gregarious. Amongst pine needles. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 ***P. becoming yellow. 
 
 820. C. amarella (Pers.) Fr. (= Paxillus amarellus (Pers.) Quel., 
 Clitopilus popinalis Fr. sec. Quel.) Amarella, bitterish. 
 
 P. 45 cm., pale yellowish, or pallid fawn colour, fleshy, plane, firm, 
 subumbonate, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, equal, tough, 
 white villous at base. Gills pallid, somewhat shining, subdecurrent, 
 crowded, here and there dichotomous. Spores white, "5-6 x 2-3 /i" 
 Rick. Smell strong, like prussic acid, taste very bitter. Woods. Oct. 
 Rare. 
 
 821. C. vernicosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 50, upper figs. Vernicosa, varnished. 
 P. 5-6 cm., pale yellowish, shining, fleshy, convex, then flattened 
 
 or piano-depressed, obtuse, sometimes infundibuliform, smooth, 
 margin involute. St. 2-3 cm. x 6-8 mm., yellow, firm, tough, equal, 
 smooth. Gills light yellow, adnato-decurrent, or deeply decurrent, 
 equally attenuated behind, subdistant. Flesh whitish, firm. Spores 
 white, "subglobose, 3-4 /*, nearly spinulose" Rick. Fir and larch 
 woods. Sept. Oct. Rare.
 
 CLITOCYBE 273 
 
 822. C. venustissima Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 50, lower figs. 
 
 Venustissima, most beautiful. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., rich orange-reddish, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, con- 
 vex, then expanded, obtuse, or somewhat umbilicate, becoming 
 slightly silky-even; margin even, in large specimens striate, and 
 crenate, or toothed in a crisped manner. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., 
 reddish, equal, smooth, base often white villous. Gills concolorous, de- 
 current, subdistant, 3 mm. broad, subarcuate. Flesh reddish, thin. 
 Spores white, broadly elliptical, 11-16 x 8-10/A, multi-guttulate. 
 Amongst fir and larch leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 823. C. alutacea Cke. & Massee. Aluta, soft leather. 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., tan colour, convex, then umbilicate, smooth; margin 
 
 incurved. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pale, smooth. Gills paler than the 
 p., decurrent, arcuate, narrow, crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 
 6 x 4)Lt. Amongst grass and moss. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 824. C. subalutacea (Batsch) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 50, 
 figs. 10-15. Sub, somewhat; aluta, soft leather. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., pale tan, becoming whitish, fleshy, soft, tough, convex, 
 then flattened, obsoletely umbonate, or depressed, smooth. St. 5- 
 8 cm. x 6-8 mm., reddish white, deeper coloured at the base, cylindrical, 
 flexuose, firm, elastic, fibrillose, smooth. Gills pallid, adnate, then 
 subdecurrent, distant, broad. Flesh whitish, soft, tough. Spores 
 white, "subglobose, 3-4 x 3/u," Rick. Smell pleasant of anise, some- 
 times disagreeable like rancid meal, sometimes obsolete. Woods, 
 and under trees. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 825. C. aurantiaca (Wulf.) Studer. (= Cantharellus aurantiacus 
 (Wulf.) Fr.) Holland, Champ, t. 53, no. 117, as Cantharellus 
 aurantiacus. Aurantiaca, orange coloured. 
 
 P. 2-8 cm., orange-ochraceous, fleshy, soft, depressed, often excentric 
 and undulated, subtomentose; margin involute. St. 5cm. x 6-8 mm., 
 ochraceous, or bistre, somewhat incurved and unequal. Gills deep 
 orange, decurrent, tense, straight, repeatedly dichotomous, crowded, often 
 crisped at the base. Flesh yellowish, soft, thick at the disc. Spores 
 elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5ju,, with a large central gutta. Taste unpleasant. 
 Heaths, and woods, especially coniferous woods. Aug. Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. albida (Gillet) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 1057, 1. 1104, fig. B, as Cantha- 
 rellus aurantiacus var. pallidus. Albida, whitish. 
 
 Differs from the type in the white gills. Heaths, and woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. lactea (Quel.) Rea. Lactea, milk white. 
 
 Differs from the type in being entirely white. Heaths, and coniferous 
 woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 18
 
 274 CUTOCYBE 
 
 var. nigripes (Pers.) Rea. Niger, black; pes, foot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the st. becoming black towards the base. 
 Boggy places in woods, and on heaths. Sept. Nov. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 826. C. hypnorum (Brond.) Rea. Hypnum, moss. 
 P. 3-4 cm., pale primrose yellow, sometimes verging on pale ochre, 
 
 campanulato-convex, then expanded and slightly depressed ; margin 
 incurved, minutely downy, the down sometimes collected in little 
 fascicles. St. 23 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellow, sometimes darker than the 
 p. at the base, often slightly flexuose, almost glabrous. Gills yellow, 
 decurrent, branched, thin, somewhat crowded, edge acute. Flesh 
 whitish, thin. Spores white, oblong, 7 x 4/z, with a minute apiculus. 
 Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 ****P. greenish. 
 
 827. C. odora (Bull.) Fr. (= Clitocybe viridis (Scop.) sec. Quel.) 
 Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 51, figs. 10-15. Odora, fragrant. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., greenish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, or 
 obsoletely umbonate, then depressed; margin incurved, pubescent. 
 St. 3-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, somewhat cylindrical, flexuose, 
 flocculoso-fibrillose, then smooth, white villous at the thickened base. 
 Gills paler than the p., adnato-decurrent, subdistant, broader than the 
 flesh of the p. Flesh dirty white, tough. Spores white, elliptical, 
 8 x 4-4-5/x, 1-2-guttulate. Smell pleasant, of anise. Taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Deciduous woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 828. C. viridis (With.) Fr. (= Agaricus virens Scop. sec. Fr.) Barla, 
 Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 51, figs. 1-9. Viridis, green. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., pale greenish blue, fleshy, convex, then expanded, 
 obtuse, smooth ; margin naked. St. 3-8 cm. x 3-7 mm., whitish, firm, 
 cylindrical, attenuated at the base, smooth. Gills white, with a tinge of 
 greenish, adnato-decurrent, thin, crowded. Flesh white, thick at the 
 disc, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/Lt, with a large central 
 gutta. Smell and taste pleasant, of anise. Edible. Deciduous woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 829. C. Trogii Fr. (= Clitocybe subalutacea (Fr. non Batsch) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 135, t. 102. 
 
 Jacob Gabriel Trog, an eminent Swiss botanist. 
 P. 68 cm., cinereous, then white, fleshy, compact, convex, then 
 expanded, obtuse, smooth, opaque. St. 3-5 x 1 cm., white, thickened 
 and villous at the base. Gills white, subdecurrent, crowded. Flesh 
 whitish, thick at the disc, compact. Spores white. Smell very 
 fragrant, spicy. Woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon.
 
 CLITOCYBE 275 
 
 *****P. whitish, white, or becoming white. 
 
 830. C. rivulosa (Pers.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 51, figs. 16- 
 23. Rivulosa, rivulose. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm.., flesh colour, becoming whitish, or rarely fuscous, slightly 
 fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed, undulato-lobed, repand, minutely 
 tomentose, at length rivulosely-streaked', margin at first incurved, villous. 
 St. 3-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, tough, elastic, equal, somewhat 
 fibrillose, minutely tomentose. Gills flesh colour, becoming whitish, 
 adnate, then subdecurrent, obliquely acute behind, broad, somewhat 
 crowded. Flesh white, soft, spongy. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 2- 
 3/z, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Poisonous. Heaths, and 
 pastures. Aug. Nov. Very common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Neptunea (Batsch) Fr. Neptune, god of the sea. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size. 
 
 831. C. cerussata Fr. (= Clitocybe tornata Fr. sec. Quel.) Barla, 
 Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 51, figs. 24-28. 
 
 Cerussata, painted with white-lead. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 5-8 cm., with a white-lead appearance, fleshy, 
 convex, then expanded, obtuse, or gibbous, smooth, at first fioccoso- 
 fibrillose; margin involute, villous. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., fleshy -flbrous, 
 elastic; base thickened, more or less white tomentose. Gills adnate. 
 then slightly decurrent, very crowded, thin. Flesh white, soft, compact. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/n. Taste and smell pleasant. 
 Poisonous. Deciduous, and coniferous woods. April Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. difformis (Schum.) Fr. Difformis, deformed. 
 
 Caespitose, often gigantic. P. 5-18 cm., undulato-lobed, often at 
 first sprinkled with flocci. St. 2-5 x 2-5 cm., sulcate, or longitudinally 
 wrinkled. Gills at length pallid. Spores white, 4 x 3/u,. Rich ground, 
 and gardens. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 var. obtexta (Lasch) Fr. Obtexta, covered. 
 
 Differs from the type in its snow-white colour, the fibrillose texture of 
 the subviscid p., the tomentose St., and the narrow gills. Heaps of leaves. 
 Eare. 
 
 832. C. phyllophila Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 52, figs. 1-6. 
 
 <j)v\\ov, a leaf; <t\o9, loving. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., tan, or cream colour, becoming pale white, fleshy, con- 
 vex, then piano-depressed, obtuse, often excentric and repand, hoary 
 with superficial villose down; margin silky. St. 5-8 cm. x 5-8 mm., 
 concolorous, elastic, fibrous, equal, villous at the base, incurved. Gills 
 
 182
 
 276 CLITOCYBE 
 
 white, then becoming pale and yellowish, adnate, subdecurrent, 4-6 mm. 
 broad, subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4ju. 
 Taste mild. Poisonous. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 833. C. pithyophila (Seer.) Fr. (= Clitocybe cerussata Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 52, figs. 7-10. 
 
 TUTU?, pine; $1X09, loving. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., dead white when moist, shining whitish when dry, 
 fleshy, thin, rather plane, umbilicate, at length irregularly shaped, 
 repand, undulato-lobed, smooth, flaccid; margin slightly striate when 
 old. St. 45 cm. x 58 mm., white, often compressed, equal, smooth, 
 apex obsoletely, or scarcely pruinose, base white tomentose. Gills 
 always white, adnate, subdecurrent, very crowded, plane, 4-6 mm. 
 broad. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/A. Smell 
 and taste pleasant. Poisonous. Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 834. C. tornata Fr. (== Clitocybe cerussata Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon, 
 t. 51, fig. 1. Tornata, turned in a lathe. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., pure white, fleshy, convex, then becoming plane, at 
 length depressed round the gibbous disc, dry, somewhat silky with a 
 glued film, at length delicately rimoso-rivulose. St. 4 cm. x 4-6 mm., 
 concolorous, tough, equal, or attenuated downwards, round, smooth, 
 base pubescent. Gills white, adnate with a small decurrent tooth, 
 horizontal, plane, very crowded, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, thick at 
 the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 3-4/z. Taste mild. Poisonous. 
 Woods, and amongst grass. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. opala Fr. Opala, opal. 
 
 Differs from the type in the viscid p. Fir woods. Rare. 
 
 835. C. candicans (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 51, fig. 3. 
 
 Candicans, shining white. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 2-5 cm., slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, de- 
 pressed, umbilicate, regular, or a little excentric, pruinose, silky, 
 shining. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-5 mm., cartilaginous, polished, like an 
 Omphalia, equal, base incurved, villous, rooting. Gills adnate, then 
 decurrent, very thin, crowded, narrow, straight, almost linear. Flesh 
 whitish, thin. Spores white, "elliptical, 4-5 x 2-3 /M, smooth" Rick., 
 "ovoid, 6-7 p,, minutely rough" Quel. Taste mild. Deciduous woods. 
 July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 836. C. dealbata (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 123. 
 
 Dealbata, white- washed. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., whitish, with greyish, or flesh coloured zones towards the 
 margin, shining white when dry, slightly fleshy, tough, convex, then
 
 CLITOCYBE 277 
 
 plane, at length re volute, undulated, dry, smooth, but innately 
 pruinose under a lens. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 8-10 mm., whitish, becoming 
 flesh colour, equal, often ascending, apex white-mealy. Gills greyish, 
 then whitish, adnate, scarcely decurrent, thin, crowded. Flesh white, 
 thin, arid. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3/ot. Smell and taste 
 pleasant, of new meal. Edible. Woods, and pastures. July Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. minor Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 143, t. 173. Minor, smaller. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size. Woods, and heaths. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 837. C. gallinacea (Scop.) Fr. Hussey, lUus. Brit. Myc. i, t. 39. 
 
 Gallinacea, pertaining to domestic fowls. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., dingy white, becoming whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, obtuse, unequal, dry, opaque, pruinose. St. 5- 
 6 cm. x 6-10 mm., white, equal, ascending, or flexuose, excentric, 
 incurved, striate, mealy. Gills white, adnato-decurrent, thin, plane, 
 crowded. Flesh white, thin, compact. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 
 9 x 4/z, 1 2-guttulate. Smell strong, taste bitter. Woods, and pas- 
 tures. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ft. P. fleshy at the disc, margin thin, at first umbonate, then 
 expanded, depressed, and irregular; generally caespitose. 
 
 C. ampla (Pers.) Fr. = Tricholoma amplum (Pers.) Rea. 
 C. molybdina (Bull.) Fr. = Tricholoma amplum (Pers.) Rea. 
 
 838. C. decastes Fr. (= Tricholoma decastes (FT.)Quel.) Fr.Icon.t.52. 
 
 Se/ea?, a company of ten men. 
 
 Caespitose. P. 10-20 cm., mouse grey, or livid, becoming whitish tan 
 colour when dry, flesh j, fragile, convex, then plane, gibbous, or obtuse, 
 smooth; margin membranaceous, at first incurved, then expanded, 
 very undulate and lobed. St. 7-5-10 x 2-5-4 cm., white, fibrous, con- 
 nate at the base, attenuated, or curved-ascending, often compressed, 
 smooth, rarely pruinose at the apex. Gills white, adnato-decurrent, or 
 sinuate, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded, or subdistant, attenuated towards 
 the margin, often undulated and crenulate at the edge. Flesh white, 
 fragile, thick at the disc, very thin at the margin, scissile. Spores 
 white, globose, 6-8/A. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, pastures, and 
 gardens. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 839. C. subdecastes Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1131, t. 958. , 
 
 Sub, near to; decastes, the species C. decastes. 
 
 Caespitose. P. 3-6 cm., pale ochraceous, becoming paler, and whitish 
 
 towards the margin, fleshy, campanulate, or convex, very obtuse,
 
 278 CLITOCYBE 
 
 smooth; margin more or less lobed. St. 8-12 cm. x 12-16 mm., 
 whitish, equal, fibrillose, connate at the base. Gills white, rounded 
 behind, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad, narrower in front, rather crowded. 
 Flesh white, thin. Spores white, globose, 4-5/A. On the ground. 
 Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 840. C. cartilaginea (Bull, non Fr.) Bres. (= Tricholoma loricatum Fr. 
 sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 110, 111. 
 
 Cartilaginea, cartilaginous. 
 
 Caespitose or in troops. P. 4-12 cm., fuliginous black, or chestnut 
 fuliginous, becoming paler, fleshy, convex, then expanded, depressed, 
 or gibbosely-umbonate, cuticle cartilaginous. St. 4-8 x 1-1-5 cm., 
 white, becoming greyish, or horn colour, connate at the ventricose base 
 and somewhat rooting, apex white and villosely-furfuraceous, cuticle 
 cartilaginous. Gills white, then straw-, or horn-colour, adnate, or sinuato- 
 adnate, rarely rounded behind, tough, subcartilaginous, crowded, often 
 undulate. Flesh white, firm. Spores white, globose, 6-8/z, 1-guttulate. 
 Smell of mice, or like fresh nuts. Taste sweet, then bitter. Edible. 
 Mixed woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 841. C. aggregata (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Tricholoma aggregatum (Schaeff.) 
 Quel.) Schaeff. Icon. t. 305, 306. Aggregata, heaped together. 
 
 Caespitose. P. 7-12 cm., livid-grey, then rufescent, fleshy, convex, 
 then expanded, at first umbonate, then depressed, often excentric, 
 flaccid, somewhat silky-streaked. St. 7-10 x 1-5 cm., white, often 
 rufescent, attenuated downwards, connate at the base, often branched, 
 curved, compressed, subfibrillose. Gills ashy-white, then flesh colour, 
 and becoming light yellow, unequally decurrent, 6-8 mm. broad, thin, 
 crowded. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 x 5-6/z. 
 Smell strong. Oak woods, sawdust heaps, and garden soil. July Oct. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 C. tabescens (Scop.) Bres. = Annillaria mellea (Vahl.) Fr. var. tabescens 
 (Scop.) Rea. 
 
 842. C. elixa (Sow.) Berk. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 172. Elixa, soaked. 
 Not caespitose. P. 5-8 cm., fuliginous, becoming pale and somewhat 
 
 silky when dry, fleshy, convex, then flattened, or depressed, umbonate, 
 undulato-repand, delicately virgate. St. 3-5 cm. x 10-12 mm., fuligi- 
 nous whitish, firm, subequal, apex velvety. Gills white, unequally de- 
 current, distant, connected by veins, 4 mm. broad. Flesh dingy white, 
 thick at the disc, soft. Spores "white, elliptical, 7 x 4/z" Massee. 
 Woods. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon. 
 
 Ag.fumosus Pers. = Collybia fumosa (Pers.) Quel. 
 C. fumosa Fr. = Tricholoma cinerascens (Bull.) Quel.
 
 CLITOCYBE 279 
 
 843. C. conglobata (Vitt.) Bres. (= Agaricus pes caprae Fr., Agaricus 
 humosus Fr., Agaricus tumulosus Kalchbr. sec. Bres.) Bres. 
 Fung. Trid. t. 32. Conglobata, crowded together. 
 
 Caespitose. P. 5-10 cm., umber, becoming blackish, or spotted with 
 cinereous, or grey, or becoming pale and livid cinnamon, fleshy, fragile 
 at first, then tough, convex, then expanded, plane, or depressed, 
 sometimes umbilicate, often irregular and lobed, dry, margin at first 
 involute, white pruinose. St. 49 x 1-2 cm., white, or greyish, equal, 
 or attenuated downwards, connate at the tuberous base, sometimes 
 branched, fioccosely pulverulent, then smooth. Gills whitish cinereous, 
 or cream colour, crowded, sinuate, adnate, or decurrent. Flesh white, 
 greyish at the circumference, fragile, then tough. Spores white, globose, 
 5-6 p (somewhat angular with age according to Bresadola). Smell 
 faint, of new meal. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Sept. Nov. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 844. C. tumulosa (Kalchbr.) Fr. (= Clitocybe conglobata (Vitt.) Bres., 
 
 Tricholoma humosum Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 5. 
 
 Tumulosa, like a mound. 
 
 Caespitose. P. 2-5-8 cm., dark umber, becoming pale lurid fuscous, 
 conical, then expanded and umbonate, or depressed round the umbo, 
 smooth; margin sometimes repand and torn. St. 2-8 x -5-2 cm., 
 pallid, fleshy, subequal, either attenuated, or ventricosely thickened at 
 the connate, half-buried base, curved, ascending, floccosely pruinose, 
 then smooth. Gills white, then pale cinereous, adnate, or decurrent. 
 Flesh white, livid, or cinereous at the circumference when moist, thick 
 at the disc. Spores white, oval, 6-7 x 4/A. Smell faint, of new meal. 
 Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 845. C. connata (Schum.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Mang. t. 37. 
 
 Connata, joined together. 
 
 Caespitose. P. 5-10 cm., white, slightly tinged with ochre, or bistre, 
 convex, pruinose. St. 3-6 x -5-1 cm., white, connate at the swollen 
 base, mealy. Gills glaucous white, then cream colour, adnate, or decur- 
 rent, arcuate, distant. Flesh white, firm, elastic. Spores white, 
 globose, 6 x 5/n, minutely punctate. Smell pleasant. Parks, and 
 woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 846. C. pergamena Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1132, t. 643. 
 
 Pergamena, parchment. 
 
 Caespitose. P. 3-8 cm., ochraceous, whitish at the margin, sub- 
 cartilaginous, convex, then plane, obtusely umbonate, smooth. St. 
 5-12 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, equal, ascending, apex punctate squamose, 
 cuticle cartilaginous. Gills white, broadly adnate with a decurrent 
 tooth, 4 mm. broad, rather crowded. Flesh yellowish, thick at the
 
 280 CLITOCYBE 
 
 disc. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3-4/z, 1-guttulate. On the ground, 
 and on stumps. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 847. C. cryptarum (Letell.) B. & Br. Crypta, a cellar. 
 Caespitose. P. 34 cm., brown, somewhat conical, then depressed, 
 
 spotted, fioccose. St. 6-9 x 2 cm., white, attenuated upwards, more 
 or less compressed, somewhat striate, virgate. Gills white, subdecurrent, 
 arcuate, narrow. Flesh of stem mottled. Spores white. Taste insipid. 
 Sawdust. Oct. Rare. 
 
 848. C. monstrosa (Sow.) Gillet. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 283. 
 
 Monstrosa, strange. 
 
 Often caespitose. P. 3-10 cm., white, opaque as if whitewashed, often 
 tinged with ochre, fleshy, convex, umbonate, then waved and lobed; 
 margin incurved. St. 2-6 x 2-2-5 cm., concolorous, compressed, 
 streaked, downy-squamulose above, slightly rooting. Gills white, or 
 cream colour, scarcely rounded behind, not truly decurrent, rather 
 distant, broad, margin waved. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 7-9 x 5/x. On the ground. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 849. C. opaca (With.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 142. Opaca, shady. 
 Caespitose, rarely solitary, entirely white. P. 3-7 cm., fleshy, con- 
 vex, then expanded, umbonate, repand, covered over with a fioccose 
 lustre. St. 3-8 cm. x 5-8 mm., unequal, flexuose, connate at the base, 
 subfibrillose. Gills adnato-decurrent, very crowded, 3-4 mm. wide. 
 Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4/n, 
 1-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 850. C. occulta Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1133, t. 1184. Occulta, hidden. 
 P. 5-7 cm., whitish, disc smoky, fleshy, convex, then plane and 
 
 depressed, smooth, but innately streaked, or virgate, viscid] margin 
 whitish. St. 4-6 x 1 cm., white, equal, or slightly expanded into the 
 p., often curved, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, adnate, very slightly 
 decurrent, scarcely emarginate, 5 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh white, 
 thick at the disc, cartilaginous. Spores white. Gregarious. On 
 charred ground. Nov. Rare. 
 
 7. P. attenuated from a fleshy disc towards the margin, at length 
 infundibuliform, or deeply umbilicate. 
 
 *P. coloured, or becoming pallid, innately floccose, or silky, 
 bibulous, not moist. 
 
 C. gigantea (Sow.) Quel. = Paxillus giganteus (Sow.) Fr. 
 
 851. C. maxima (Fl. Wett.) Fr. (= Clitocybe geotropa (Bull.) Quel.) 
 
 Maxima, greatest.
 
 CLITOCYBE 281 
 
 P. 1230 cm., tan colour, becoming paler, or whitish, fleshy, some- 
 what flaccid, broadly infundibuliform, gibbous, umbo central, very dry, 
 becoming silky, or squamulose; margin involute, pubescent. St. 7 
 10 x 1 cm., whitish, attenuated upwards, fibrillosely-striate, elastic. 
 Gills whitish, deeply decurrent, pointed at both ends, somewhat 
 crowded, soft. Flesh white, thick at the disc, soft. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 4-6 x 3-4^. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, 
 and pastures. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 852. C. infundibulifonnis (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 26, no. 61. 
 
 Infundibuliformis, funnel-shaped. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., flesh colour, then pale tan, fleshy, moderately firm, con- 
 vexo-depressed, gibbous with an umbo, at length infundibuliform, 
 silky, bibulous ; margin at first involute. St. 3-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., 
 concolorous, conico-attenuated, rarely equal, firm, elastic; base swollen, 
 and white tomentose. Gills shining white, very decurrent, somewhat 
 crowded, very pointed at each end, soft. Flesh white, thick at the disc, 
 soft. Spores white, ovoid, 6-7 x 6 /A, pointed at the base, punctate, 
 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and 
 pastures. June Dec. Very common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. membranacea (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1135, t. 646. 
 
 Membranacea, skinny. 
 
 Differs from the type in being thinner in all its parts, in the equal 
 st., and the brighter coloured, and not umbonate p. Pine woods, and 
 pastures. June Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 853. C. trullaeformis (Fr.) B. & Br. Tndlaeformis, ladle-shaped. 
 P. 35 cm., fuscous cinereous, fleshy, infundibuliform, flattened at 
 
 the margin, always obtuse, flocculosely villous, dry. St. 5 cm. x 8- 
 10 mm., cinereous, attenuated upwards, firm, elastic, fibrillosely- 
 striate, base villous. Gills shining white, decurrent, distant, 4-6 mm. 
 broad, connected by veins. Flesh snow white, equal. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 6 x 3-4/z, minutely punctate. Borders of fir wood, hedge- 
 rows, and thickets. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 854. C. incilis Fr. Incilis, incised. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., brick-red, fleshy, plano-umbilicate, then infundibuli- 
 form, silky -flocculose, obtuse ; margin involute, crenate. St. 1-2 cm. 
 x 4-6 mm., concolorous, attenuated downwards, often compressed, 
 tough, at first covered with an evanescent, flocculose pruina. Gills 
 white, becoming pale, decurrent, arcuate, 4-6 mm. broad, distant, often 
 reticulated with veins. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/u,, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal, sometimes 
 absent. Coniferous woods. March Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 282 CLITOCYBE 
 
 855. C. sinopica Fr. Sinopica, of Sinope, where red lead is found. 
 P. 3-5 cm., brick-red, becoming paler, fleshy, piano-depressed, 
 
 slightly or deeply umbilicate, then repand, flocculose and bibulous, 
 then rimosely rivulose and broken up into squamules ; margin undu- 
 late, silky. St. 3-5 x -5-1 cm., concolorous, equal, firm, flbrillosely 
 striate. Gills white, becoming yellow, decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, 
 3-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle, thick at the 
 disc. Spores white, subglobose, 89 x 6 7/z,. Smell strong, of new 
 meal. Heaths, woods, and burnt ground. May Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 856. C. parilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 48, fig. 6. Parilis, equal. 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., fuscous, then greyish white, slightly fleshy, convex, 
 
 then plane and depressed at the disc, or umbilicate, disc atomate, or 
 flocculose; margin involute, deflexed. St. 2-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., fuligi- 
 nous, becoming fuscous grey , tough, equal, smooth. Gills grey, becoming 
 whitish, deeply decurrent, very crowded, narrow. Flesh greyish, becoming 
 white. Spores white, oblong, 9 x 3/z, 1-2-guttulate ; "greyish in the 
 mass, subglobose, 6x 5/>t" Rick. Woods, and hilly pastures. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **P. coloured, or pallid, glabrous, moist in wet weather. 
 
 857. C. gilva Fr. (= Clitocybe subinvoluta Batsch sec. Quel.) 
 
 Gilva, pale yellow. 
 
 P. 410 cm., pale yellowish, fleshy, compact, convex, then depressed, 
 very obtuse, smooth, dull, moist, polished and shining when dry, often 
 spotted as with drops; margin very involute, swollen, villose. St. 
 2-5-5 x 1-2-5 cm., paler than the p., fleshy, subequal, smooth, base 
 villous. Gills pallid, then ochraceous especially at the edge, decurrent, 
 thin, narrow, arcuate, often branched and anastomosing. Flesh con- 
 colorous, compact, at length fragile. Spores white, globose, 4 6/u, 
 punctate. Pine woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 858. C. subinvoluta W. G. Sm. non Batsch. Saund. & Sm. t. 36. 
 
 Subinvoluta, somewhat rolled in. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., creamy flesh colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, or 
 depressed, gibbous, or umbonate, leathery, margin incurved. St. 
 5-10 x 1-5-2 cm., pinkish flesh colour, zoned with spots, attenuated 
 upwards from the subbulbous base, fibrillose. Gills white, then 
 yellowish, deeply decurrent, broad, rather crowded. Flesh buff-white, 
 darker below, thick, firm. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4-5/n, 
 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures, and under 
 firs. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Ag. subinvolutus Batsch = Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. var. sub- 
 involutus (Batsch) W. G. Sm.
 
 CLITOCYBE 283 
 
 C. spinulosa Stev. & Sm. = Clitocybe subinvoluta W. G. Sm. 
 "Saunders wrongly described the spores as echinulate " 
 W. G. Sm. in litt. 
 
 859. C. geotropa (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 41, as Agaricus 
 gilvus. yf), earth; rpoTros, turned. 
 
 P. 3-20 cm., tan flesh colour, very fleshy, convex, then piano-de- 
 pressed, generally gibbous, very smooth, moist in wet weather, when 
 young spotted as with drops, the spots vanishing with age; margin 
 involute, thin, pubescent. St. 5-12 x 2-3 cm., white, becoming yellow, 
 fleshy, slightly attenuated upwards, subfibrillose. Gills white, be- 
 coming pale, deeply decurrent, 4-6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. 
 Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 5-7/1,. Smell and 
 taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures, often forming large 
 rings. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 860. C. splendens (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 55, upper figs. 
 
 Splendens, shining. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., pale yellowish,becoming yellow, somewhat fleshy, convex, 
 then piano-depressed, at length infundibuliform, smooth, shining; 
 margin reflexed, white, mealy. St. 4-5 x 1-2 cm., white, becoming 
 light yellow, or ochraceous, equal, or attenuated upwards, elastic, 
 smooth. Gills white, becoming light yellow, deeply decurrent, thin, 
 crowded, often forked at the base. Flesh white, becoming concolorous, 
 thin at the margin. Spores white, subglobose, 4-6 x 4-5/i, 1-guttu- 
 late, punctate. Smell and taste pleasant. Woods. Sept. Nov. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 861. C. inversa (Scop.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 60, figs. 6-8. 
 
 Inversa, inverted. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., brick colour, or liver-rufescent, fleshy, somewhat fragile, 
 convexo-plane, obtuse, then infundibuliform and undulated, very 
 smooth, moist when fresh, sloping towards the margin, sometimes 
 excentric. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, compressed, cuticle rigid, 
 somewhat rooted and white villous at base. Gills whitish, becoming 
 reddish at the edge, decurrent, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh of the 
 same colour as the p. but paler, thin, rigid, fragile. Spores white, globose, 
 4jii, minutely echinulate, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste acid. Coniferous 
 woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 862. C. flaccida (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 185. 
 
 Flaccida, flabby. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., tawny ferruginous, shining, not becoming pale, slightly 
 fleshy, tough, orbicular, flaccid especially when dry, umbilicate, then 
 infundibuliform, smooth, rarelv rimuloso-squamulose ; margin spread- 
 ing, slightly convex. St. 2-5-5 x -5-1 cm., rubiginous ferruginous,
 
 284 CLITOCYBE 
 
 elastic, tough, subequal, polished, base thickened and villous. Gills 
 whitish, becoming yellow especially at the edge, deeply almost obconico- 
 decurrent, very arcuate, very crowded, narrow, 1-2 mm. broad. Flesh 
 pallid, thin, fragile when fresh, flaccid when dry. Spores white, 
 globose, 3-4/x, minutely warted, 1-guttulate. Woods, and heaths, 
 often forming rings. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lobata (Sow.) Cke. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 186. Lobata, lobed. 
 
 Differs from the type in its more caespitose habit, in the darker colour, 
 the lobed, or contorted margin of the p., and the st. thickened upwards. 
 Woods, and heaths. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 863. C. vermicularis Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 49. 
 
 Vermicular is, belonging to a little worm. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., deep flesh colour, then tan flesh colour, slightly fleshy, 
 umbilicato-convex, then expanded and infundibuliform, undulato- 
 lobed, smooth, moist, slightly hygrophanous ; margin involute, 
 pruinosely tomentose. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., whitish, equal, often 
 compressed and curved, fibrillosely striate, apex mealy and often 
 surrounded by a floccose zone, base white tomentose and arising from 
 stout, palmately branched, strigose mycelia. Grills white, then cream 
 colour, edge ochraceous, slightly decurrent, attenuated, or obtuse at 
 the base, very crowded, easily separating from the hymenophore, 
 thin. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x Sp. Smell 
 slight, of new meal. Taste somewhat acid. Edible. Coniferous woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 864. C. senilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 56, fig. 1. Sentiis, aged. 
 P. 4-8 cm., dingy fuscous tan, or brown becoming paler, fleshy - 
 
 membranaceous, flaccid, disc depressed, soon infundibuliform, smooth, 
 concentrically cracked; margin spreading. St. 4-5 x -5-1 cm., whitish, 
 equal, often ascending, smooth. Gills whitish, then concolorous with 
 the p., deeply decurrent, linear, narrow, very crowded. Flesh white, 
 thin, flaccid. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6 x 3-4/u,, 1-guttulate. Woods, 
 and lawns. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ***P. shining white. 
 
 865. C. catinus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 51, fig. 4. Catinus, a bowl. 
 P. 5-8 cm., white, becoming discoloured with age, fleshy, plane, 
 
 then infundibuliform, always obtuse, smooth. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., 
 white, elastic, tough; base thickened and tomentose. Gills white, de- 
 current, straight, descending, broad, not much crowded. Flesh white, 
 thin, flaccid. Spores white, pip-shaped, 45 x 3 /A, minutely punctate. 
 Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and among dead leaves. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CLITOCYBE 285 
 
 866. C. tuba Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 164, t. 112. Tuba, a trumpet. 
 Entirely white. P. 5-8 cm., fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, umbilicate, 
 
 dead white when moist, shining whitish when dry, smooth, slightly silky 
 when young. St. 2-55 cm. x 5-6 mm., very tough, equal, at length 
 compressed, smooth. Gills becoming pale, deeply decurrent, horizontal, 
 very crowded, 6 mm. broad. Spores white, elliptical, 45 x 2-3 fj,, 
 "punctate" Quel. Smell none, or of new meal. Coniferous woods. 
 Oct. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 867. C. ericetorum (BuU.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 113. 
 
 Ericetorum, of heaths. 
 
 P. 25 cm., shining white, becoming slightly yellowish with age, some- 
 what fleshy, convex, then umbilicate and cup-shaped, smooth, at 
 length striate; margin undulate, or lobed. St. 2 3 cm. x 4 5 mm., 
 white, attenuated downwards, sometimes compressed, pubescent. 
 Gills white, more or less decurrent, subdistant, often connected by veins. 
 Flesh white, thin, firm. Spores white, oval, 4-5 x 2-5-3/A, sparsely 
 and minutely rough. Smell pleasant, like Anthoxanthum odoratum. 
 Taste somewhat acrid. Edible. Heaths, and lawns. Sept. Nov. 
 Eather uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 B. P. fleshy-membranaceous, truly hygrophanous. 
 B. P. thin, depressed, then cup-shaped. Colour dingy when moist. 
 
 868. C. cyathiformis (Bull.) Fr. KvaOo*;, a cup; forma, shape. 
 P. 2-7 cm., fuscous cinereous, or dark bistre, becoming paler when 
 
 dry, slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, then cup-shaped, often undu- 
 lated, somewhat shining when moist, opaque when dry, very hygro- 
 phanous; margin persistently incurved. St. 5-10 cm. x 6-9 mm., con- 
 colorous, or paler, elastic, attenuated upwards, fibrillosely-reticulated, 
 base white villous. Gills cinereous fuscous, adnate, or decurrent, 
 connate at the base, distant, sometimes branched. Flesh concolorous, 
 watery, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 10-11 x 5-6 /*, punctate. 
 Smell pleasant, or none. Edible. Woods, pastures, rarely on rotten 
 wood. Aug. Feb. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. cinerascens (Batsch) Fr. (= Clitocybe cinerascens (Batsch) 
 W. G. Sm.) Cinerascens, becoming ash-coloured. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the plane then depressed 
 p., and yellowish gills. Autumn. Uncommon. 
 
 869. C. expallens (Pers.) Fr. (= Clitocybe vibecina Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Expallens, becoming pale. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., cinereous fuscous, becoming whitish, at first sprinkled 
 with white-silky dew, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, then 
 plano-infundibuliform, somewhat zoned when dry; margin mem-
 
 286 CLITOCYBE 
 
 branaceous, striate, soon expanded. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, 
 tough, equal, smooth, apex white-silky. Gills greyish, decurrent, acute 
 at both ends, thin, subdistant, soft. Flesh greyish, thin. Spores 
 white, "broadly elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 ft, smooth" Rick. Taste mild. 
 Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 870. C. albo-cinerea Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 8. 
 
 Albus, white; cinerea, ash-coloured. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., cinereous fuscous, becoming pale, fleshy, convexo-um- 
 bilicate, then expanded and cup-shaped, silky; margin involute. 
 St. 5-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., white, equal, smooth, base white-tomentose. 
 Gills white, decurrent, narrow, 1-2 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, 
 thin, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 56 x 4/x,, minutely punctate. 
 Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 871. C. obbata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 57, fig. 1. Obbata, a kind of cup. 
 P. 2-3 cm., fuscous blackish, or cinereous, becoming very pale when 
 
 dry, submembranaceous, convexo-plane, with a broadly umbilicate disc, 
 smooth, striate to the middle. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., fuscous cinereous, 
 equal, often compressed, ascending, or flexuose, striate with white, 
 base often subbulbous. Gills dark, cinereous, slightly decurrent, distant, 
 broad. Flesh ochraceous, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 
 9-10 x 6-7 /x. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. 
 Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 872. C. pruinosa (Lasch) Fr. (= Omphalia litua Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Pruinosa, rimy. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., brown, becoming cinereous, hygrophanous, fleshy- 
 membranaceous, umbilicate, and covered with a lead-grey pruina, then 
 broadly infundibuliform and smooth, sometimes squamulose. St. 
 2-5-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, or paler, equal, often ascending, 
 or curved, fibrillose. Gills white, then dingy, or bistre, decurrent, 
 crowded, narrow, arcuate, then scythe-shaped. Flesh becoming cinere- 
 ous, thin. Spores "6-8 x 2-4/x" ex Britz. in Sacc. (1915). Taste mild. 
 Edible. Pine woods, and on rotten wood. Nov. Dec. Rare. 
 
 873. C. concava (Scop.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 57, fig. 2. 
 
 Concava, hollowed out. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., fuliginous, then cinereous, or hoary-clay, hygrophanous, 
 slightly fleshy, very thin, flaccid, plano-convex, widely and deeply 
 umbilicate, then wholly concave, the convexo-plane border undulated, 
 smooth; margin even. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-8 mm., cinereous, tough, 
 equal, smooth, base attenuated. Gills dark fuliginous, then greyish, 
 decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh pallid, tough, 
 very thin. Spores "greenish, ovoid, 8-12 x 6-8/u," Sacc. Coni- 
 ferous woods. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
 
 CLITOCYBE 287 
 
 874. C. suaveolens (Schum.) Fr. (= Clitocybefragrans Sow. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Suaveolens, sweet smelling. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., white when moist with the disc darker, becoming pure 
 white when dry, fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, then depressed, often 
 umbilicate and somewhat infundibuliform, discoid, smooth; margin 
 pellucidly striate, at length reflexed. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, 
 becoming pinkish, elastic, base swollen and villous. Gills whitish, then 
 discoloured, adnato-decurrent, crowded, thin. Flesh white, thin. Spores 
 white, "elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 /z" Kick. Smell very pleasant, of aniseed. 
 Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially coniferous. Sept. Dec. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 875. C. brumalis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 170, t. 114. 
 
 Brumalis, pertaining to winter. 
 
 P. 35 cm., livid when moist, becoming whitish, and at length yellowish 
 when dry, disc generally darker, fleshy-membranaceous, convex, um- 
 bilicate, reflexed at the circumference, then infundibuliform, often 
 irregular and undulated, smooth. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-8 mm., greyish, 
 then whitish, equal, or slightly thickened at the apex, at length com- 
 pressed, somewhat incurved, smooth, elastic, base white- villous. 
 Gills livid, becoming yellowish, or whitish, decurrent, arcuate, then 
 descending, 2 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3/i, 1-guttulate. Smell faint, pleasant. Taste 
 pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Jan. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 e. P. rather fleshy, convex then flattened, or depressed, polished. 
 Colour dingy, or becoming pale. 
 
 *Gills becoming cinereous. 
 
 876. C. orbiformis Fr. Orbiformis, round-shaped. 
 P. 4-5 cm., greyish fuliginous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, very 
 
 obtuse, orbicular, scarcely depressed, smooth, hygrophanous ; margin 
 spreading, finally striate. St. 6-8 cm. x 8-10 mm., grey, attenuated 
 upwards from the villous, thickened base, elastic, fibrillosely striate. 
 Gills whitish, then greyish, adnate, subdecurrent, plane, horizontal, 
 little crowded. Flesh thin. Spores white, ovoid, "6-7 x 3-4ju," Sacc. 
 Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Kare. 
 
 877. C. metachroa (Fr.) Berk. 
 
 /*era, change; %pa>9, colour of the skin. 
 
 P. 2-8 cm., fuscous cinereous, then livid, whitish when dry, slightly 
 fleshy, convex, and subumbonate, soon plane, or depressed; margin 
 finally slightly striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., grey, equal, often com- 
 pressed, tough, cuticle horny, fibrous, apex white-mealy. Gills whitish 
 cinereous, adnate, scarcely decurrent, crowded, linear, plane, thin.
 
 288 CLITOCYBE 
 
 Flesh greyish, becoming whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, or pip- 
 shaped, 6 x 3/u,, 1-guttulate. Pine woods. Aug. Nov. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 878. C. incana Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 5. Incana, hoary. 
 
 P. 35 cm., mouse grey, margin white, convexo-plane, then depressed, 
 hygrophanous, pruinose. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., pearl grey, straight, 
 or slightly curved, base white floccose. Gills greyish, becoming some- 
 what ochraceous, decurrent with a tooth, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh 
 greyish, soft, thin. Spores white, globose, 3/j.. Amongst fir needles. 
 Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 879. C. pausiaca Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 58, fig. 2. Pausiaca, olive colour. 
 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., cinereous, then olivaceous, becoming somewhat ochra- 
 ceous when dry, fleshy, thin, convex, sometimes umbonate, then plane 
 and depressed, hygrophanous, silky hoary when young, then smooth. 
 St. 5-7 cm. x 3-6 mm., concolorous, tough, equal, striate, often un- 
 dulated, apex white pruinose. Gills olivaceous, or brownish, obtusely 
 adnate, very broad behind, very crowded, semicircular. Flesh ochra- 
 ceous, thin. Spores white, globose, 3 4yn, 1-guttulate. Smell weak, 
 frumentaceous. Pine woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 880. C. ditopus Fr. SITTOS, double; TTOU?, foot. 
 P. 5-6 cm., cinereous, drying deep ochre from the centre outwards, 
 
 somewhat fleshy, tough, convexo-plane, obtuse, then inverted, in- 
 fundibuliform, and often undulato-lobed. St. 3-5 cm. x 5-15 mm., 
 pale cinereous, compressed, equal, naked, often very white floccose at the 
 basal half of the st. Gills dark cinereous, adnate, crowded, thin, at length 
 turned upwards, and divergent in the lobes, often undulate. Flesh 
 greyish, then white, thin. Spores white, globose, 3-4^. Smell strong, 
 of new meal. Woods, and amongst dead leaves. Sept. Nov. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Gills whitish. 
 
 881. C. diatreta Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 173, t. 232. 
 
 SiarprfTos, pierced through. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., flesh colour, then tan colour, slightly fleshy, tough, con- 
 vex, regular, obtuse, then piano-depressed, often flexuose, becoming 
 flaccid, smooth, hygrophanous; margin white, incurved, pruinose. 
 St. 3-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, elastic, flexile, equal, round, smooth, 
 villose at the base. Gills whitish flesh colour, then whitish, adnate, 
 sharp pointed behind, decurrent with a tooth, 2 mm. broad, crowded. 
 Flesh concolorous, becoming whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 7-8 x Qfj,, often pointed at one end, 1-guttulate. Coniferous woods. 
 Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CLITOCYBE 289 
 
 882. C. fragrans (Sow.) Fr. (= Clitocybe suaveokns (Schum.) Fr. sec. 
 Quel.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 10. Fragrans, scented. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., watery pallid when moist, whitish when dry, of one colour, 
 not darker at the disc, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, or sub- 
 depressed smooth ; margin slightly striate when moist. St. 5-7 cm. 
 x 46 mm., concolorous, or yellowish, equal, elastic, smooth, apex 
 obsoletely pruinose, base very often villous. Gills whitish, adnate, 
 sharp-pointed behind, subdecurrent, rather crowded, broader than the 
 flesh of the p. Flesh white, watery, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 6-7 x 4/i. Smell and taste very pleasant, of aniseed. Edible. Woods, 
 and pastures. July Jan. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 883. C. angustissima (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 59. 
 
 Angustissima, very narrow. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., cream, or flesh coloured, shining whitish when dry, fleshy, 
 thin, piano-depressed, smooth; margin spreading, slightly striate 
 when old. St. 5-7 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, often curved, or 
 flexuose, internally fibrous, base sometimes pubescent. Gills white, 
 subdecurrent, very crowded, narrow, thin. Flesh whitish, very thin, 
 moderately firm. Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x 2-3/z. Woods, and 
 amongst leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 884. C. obsoleta (Batsch) Fr. Obsoleta, worn out. 
 P. 2-3 cm., grey, or cream colour, soon turning whitish, clay white 
 
 when dry, sometimes inclining to flesh colour, somewhat fleshy, soft, 
 convex, or gibbous, then plane, or depressed, hygrophanous, smooth. 
 St. 5 cm. x 6-8 mm., whitish, elastic, tough, round, often compressed, 
 equal, smooth, apex pruinose. Gills greyish, then whitish, obtusely 
 adnate, almost rounded behind, then adnato-decurrent, broad, crowded. 
 Flesh whitish, thin, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4-5/z. Smell 
 faint, pleasant. Coniferous woods, and amongst grass and leaves. 
 Oct. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 . P. deformed, more or less squamulose. 
 
 885. C. ectypa Fr. (= Collybia ectypa (Fr.) QueL) Fr. Icon. t. 59, fig. 1. 
 
 eTV7ro5, wrought in relief. 
 
 P. 4-7-5 cm., dingy, or light yellow honey colour, then rufescent, or 
 brownish, fleshy, somewhat thin, convex, then rather plane, or de- 
 pressed, disc streaked with innate fibrils radiating from the centre, as if 
 sprinkled with soot, or squamulose; margin very thin, striate. St. 
 5-10 x -5-1 cm., dingy light yellow, then olivaceous, becoming black at 
 the often bulbous base, elastic, equal. Gills white, soon pale, then spotted 
 rufous, somewhat mealy, adnate, or decurrent with a rather delicate 
 tooth, distant, often connected by veins. Flesh pallid straw colour, thin 
 at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 9 x 6-7 p, 1-guttulate. Smell 
 
 E. B. B. 19
 
 290 CLITOCYBE. LACCARIA 
 
 pleasant, of aniseed, at length, foetid. Meadows, damp places, and 
 peat bogs. June Dec. Eare. 
 
 C. Sadleri B. & Br. = Hypholoma fasciculate (Huds.) Fr. 
 
 Spores white; hymenium pulverulent. 
 
 Laccaria B. & Br. 
 (Lac, a resinous excretion left by the lac insect.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, or irregular. Stem central, externally fibrous. 
 Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, pulverulent. Spores white, glo- 
 bose, or elliptical, echinulate, or verrucose. Growing on the ground, 
 and on wood. 
 
 886. L. laccata (Scop.) B. & Br. (= Clitocybe laccata (Scop.) Fr.; 
 
 CollyUa laccata (Scop.) Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 179, t. 139, figs. 
 coloured red, as Clitocybe laccata Scop. 
 
 Lac, the exudation from the lac insect. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., rufous flesh colour when moist, ochraceous when dry, 
 fleshy, convex, then rather plane, more or less umbilicato-depressed, 
 dry, very hygrophanous, becoming pale in drying, the cuticle often 
 breaking up into mealy squamules, or somewhat silky, sometimes un- 
 dulato-crisped and irregularly shaped. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., 
 concolorous, tough, fibrous, equal, often flexuose, or twisted, fibrillose, 
 base white villous. Gills flesh colour, then white mealy, adnate with a 
 decurrent tooth, very broad, distant, plane, thick. Flesh concolorous, 
 somewhat thin, firm in the st. Spores white, globose, 8-9 p, echinulate. 
 Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-vermiform, 50-60 x 9-12/t" Rick. 
 Taste mild. Edible. Heaths, and woods. June Dec. Very common. 
 (,*) 
 
 var. proxima (Boud.) Maire. Boud. Icon. t. 60, as Laccaria proxima 
 
 Boud. Proxima, very near. 
 
 Differs from the type in its brighter colour, and the larger elliptical 
 
 spores, 10-15 x 6-7/x,, minutely echinulate 1 . Heaths, and woods. 
 
 Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. amethystina (Vaill.) B. & Br. Amethystina, amethyst colour. 
 Differs from the type in the whole of the plant, including the flesh t 
 being of a beautiful deep violet colour, becoming paler when dry. Woods, 
 and pastures. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 887. L. tortilis (Bolt.) Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 59. Tortilis, twisted. 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., pale rose, or slightly yellowish, striate to the deeper 
 
 coloured disc, membranaceous, thin, convex, then plane and depressed ; 
 
 1 Both elliptical and globose spores have been found on the same plant.
 
 LACCABIA. HYGROPHORUS 291 
 
 margin often undulate. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., reddish yellow, or 
 pale, equal, or attenuated downwards, slightly fibrillose. Gills con- 
 colorous, becoming white mealy, adnate, with a very slight tooth, broad, 
 often connected by veins. Flesh, pinkish, very thin. Spores white, 
 globose, 8-10/z, echinulate. Charcoal heaps, roadsides, and bare soil 
 in woods. Aug. Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 888. L. bella (Pers.) B. & Br. (= Clitocybe bella (Pers.) Fr. ; Collybia 
 bella (Pers.) Quel.) Bella, lovely. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., dark yellow, or golden, sometimes rufescent, sprinkled 
 with darker, or orange coloured squamules, becoming pale, somewhat 
 fleshy, pliant, convex, then expanded, depressed at the disc, then 
 undulato-repand. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., bright yellow, or becoming 
 yellow, tough, equal, fibrous, rivulose with the fibrils. Gills yellow, then 
 rufescent and white mealy, adnate, then decurrent with a tooth, very 
 broad, distant, connected by veins, sometimes branched. Spores white, 
 subglobose, 7 x 5-7^,, minutely warted. Smell foetid. On decaying 
 coniferous stumps. Sept. Rare. 
 
 889. L. nana Massee. Massee, Kew Bull. (1913), t. to face p. 195, 
 
 figs. 17-20. vdvvos, dwarf. 
 
 P. 1 cm., livid cinnamon, becoming paler, somewhat fleshy, hemi- 
 spherical, then plane and concave, smooth; margin at first covered 
 with white meal. St. 1 cm., white, fibrillose. Gills pale, at length 
 white mealy, adnate, attenuated at the base, rather distant. Spores 
 white, globose, 15-16//,, echinulate. Naked soil under trees. 
 
 Spores white; hymenium waxy. 
 Hygrophorus Fr. 
 
 (7/905, moist; </>epo>, I bear.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, viscid, or dry. Stem central, fleshy. Gills 
 decurrent, or adnato-decurrent. Spores white, very rarely slightly 
 coloured, elliptical, oval, globose, clavate, pip-shaped, or oblong- 
 elliptical, smooth, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing 
 on the ground, very rarely on wood. 
 
 I. Universal veil viscid, with occasionally a floccose partial one, 
 which is annular, or marginal. St. clothed with scales, or more 
 frequently rough with dots above. Gills adnato-decurrent. 
 *White, or yellowish white. 
 
 890. H. chrysodon Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 872, t. 885. 
 
 Xpucro9, gold; oSou?, a tooth. 
 
 P. 5-7 cm., white, or yellowish, covered with evanescent, yellow, 
 floccose squamules, which are more permanent at the involute margin, 
 
 192
 
 292 HYGROPHORUS 
 
 convex, then plane, viscid. St. 5-7-5 x 1-1-5 cm., white, covered with 
 minute, light yellow squamules, which form a zone at the apex. Gills 
 white, somewhat yellowish at the edge, adnate, or decurrent, broad, dis- 
 tant, sometimes crisped. Flesh white, sometimes reddish. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3p. Smell pleasant, taste mild. Edible. Oak, 
 and beech woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. leucodon (A. & S.) Fr. Xev/co9, white; 0801;?, a tooth. 
 
 Differs from the type in having white squamules. 
 
 891. H. eburneus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 873, t. 886. 
 
 Eburneus, ivory white. 
 
 Entirely shining white, becoming yellowish with age. P. 3-10 cm., 
 convexo-plane, somewhat repand, very glutinous, margin involute, at 
 first pubescent. St. 3-8 x 1-1-5 cm., glutinous, rough at the apex with 
 dots in the form of squamules, unequal. Gills decurrent, distant, veined 
 at the base. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4/z. Smell not unpleasant, 
 taste mild. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 892. H. cossus (Sow.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 30. 
 
 Cossus ligniperda, the Goat moth. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., white, disc ochraceous, convexo-plane, then expanded 
 and depressed, umbonate, very viscid. St. 5-10 cm. x 5-12 mm., 
 white, or becoming tinged with yellow, viscid, equal, or slightly attenu- 
 ated at the base, furfuraceous and granular at the apex. Gills white, 
 decurrent, distant, thick, connected by veins. Spores white, oval, 
 8-9 x 5-6/M, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, like that of the larva of 
 Cossus ligniperda. Woods, and under conifers. Aug. Nov. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 893. H. melizeus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 165, fig. 3. fie\i, honey. 
 Internally and externally becoming yellowish tan. P. 2-5-4 cm., disc 
 
 fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, often repand, viscid ; margin thin, 
 at first pubescent. St. 7-8 cm. x 6-10 mm., attenuated downwards, 
 subfusiform, apex rough with innate, fioccose, white granules. Gills 
 deeply decurrent, distant, connected by veins. "Spores elliptic- 
 oblong, apiculate, creamy- white, 10 x 5 /A" Mass. & Crossl. Smell 
 pleasant. Woods. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 894. H. discoxanthus (Fr.) Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 3. 
 
 &107CO9, disc; %av06$, yellow. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm., white, then yellowish, deeper coloured at the centre, the 
 extreme margin becoming brownish with age, viscid, convex, then 
 expanded and revolute, disc depressed. St. 3-4 cm. x 6-12 mm., 
 soon becoming reddish brown, apex white farinaceous, viscid, gradu- 
 ally attenuated downwards, often curved. Gills white, then yellowish,
 
 HYGROPHORUS 293 
 
 edge turning reddish when bruised, and then finally reddish brown, 
 especially towards the margin of the pileus. Flesh white, becoming red- 
 dish in the stem. Spores white, pruniform, apiculate, 6-7 x 4/u,, 
 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, like aniseed. Parks, and pastures. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 895. H. penarius Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 48. 
 
 Penarius, for provisions. 
 
 P. 7-10 cm., white, then tan colour, opaque, umbonate, then obtuse, 
 hemispherical, then flattened, generally dry, hard; margin at first 
 involute, exceeding the gills, undulate when flattened. St. 4 cm. 
 x 12 mm. at apex, pale white, often yellowish at the base, compact, 
 hard, attenuated at the base into a fusiform root, ventricose to the neck, 
 then attenuated upwards, or wholly fusiform-attenuated, smeared 
 with tenacious easily dried slime, scabrous. Gills white, or tan, adnato- 
 decurrent, distant, thick, 6-8 mm. broad, rigid, veined. Flesh white, 
 compact, thick. Spores white, "ovate-spherical or ovate-oblong, 
 7-8 x 3-4/A" Sacc. Smell pleasant, taste sweet. Edible. Oak woods. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 896. H. pulverulentus B. & Br. Quel. Soc. sc. n. de Rouen (1879), 
 t. 3, fig. 9. Pulverulentus, dusted. 
 
 P. 8-18 mm., shining white, pulvinate, viscous; margin involute, 
 tomentose. St. 18 x 2-4 mm., white, wholly powdered with rose- 
 coloured meal, nearly equal, attenuated at the extreme base. Gills 
 whitish, decurrent, thick, obtuse at the edge. Spores white, globose, 
 7/u,. Amongst pine leaves. Nov. Dec. Rare. 
 
 **Reddish. 
 
 897. H. russula (Schaeff.) Quel. (- Tricholoma russula Fr.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 1116, t. 926, as Tricholoma russula Schaeff. 
 
 Russula, reddish. 
 
 P. 10-20 cm., flesh colour, or purplish with deeper coloured streaks, 
 paler and whitish at the tomentose margin, viscid, gibbous, convexo- 
 plane, then depressed. St. 6-12 x 1-2 cm., white, stained reddish, 
 apex white, farinaceous. Gills whitish, then spotted with bright red, 
 sinuate, or emarginate, thin, rather crowded. Flesh white. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5fi or 6-7 x 4-5/n, slightly depressed on 
 one side, with a large central gutta. Taste sweet, or slightly bitter. In 
 deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 898. H. erubescens Fr. (= Limacium rubescens (Pers.).) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 876, t. 888. Erubescens, becoming red. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., whitish, spotted with rose, slightly viscid, gibbous, then 
 convexo-plane. St. 5-8 x 2 cm., whitish stained reddish, tinged yellowish
 
 294 HYGROPHORUS 
 
 when bruised, or rubbed, equal, or attenuated at the base. Gills 
 whitish, washed with flesh colour, decurrent, somewhat distant. Flesh 
 yellowish. Spores white, elliptical, 8-11 x 6/x., with a large central 
 gutta. Taste bitter, then sometimes slightly acrid. Coniferous woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 899. H. pudorinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 877, t. 911. 
 
 Pudorinus, modest. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., bright reddish flesh colour, disc deeper coloured, convex, 
 then depressed, viscid; margin white, pubescent. St. 5-8 x 1-5-3 cm., 
 white, or flesh colour, firm, viscid; apex contracted, rough withfloccose 
 granules. Gills white, flesh colour near the edge, adnate, wide, thick, 
 often crisped. Flesh white, rose colour under the cuticle of the pileus. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 67 x 4-5/z. Smell very pleasant, taste 
 sweet. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 900. H. glutinifer Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 878, t. 889. 
 
 Gluten, glne;fero, I bear. 
 
 P. 59 cm., rufescent, whitish round the margin, convexo-expanded, 
 thin with the exception of the gibbous disc, pellicle glutinous, disc 
 wrinkled dotted. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, apex white- 
 squamulose, somewhat elastic, ventricose downwards, with a viscid veil. 
 Gills shining white, or pale grey, arcuato-decurrent, rather thick. 
 Spores white, clavate, 9-10 x 7/t, 3-guttulate. Taste mild. Woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 901. H. persicinus Beck. Persicinus, pertaining to a peach. 
 
 P. 5 cm., peach colour, or somewhat orange, conical, then hemi- 
 spherical, shining, even; margin incurved. St. 10 x 2cm., pale 
 lilac-peach colour, base yellowish, constricted below the gills. Gills 
 fuscescent, adnato-decurrent, edge very obtuse. Spores 15-20 x 5 6)ti. 
 Amongst grass in woods. Rare. 
 
 ***Tawny, or light yellow. 
 
 902. H. arbustivus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 879, t. 896, fig. A. 
 
 Arbustivus, belonging to plantations. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., slightly tawny-brick colour, paler round the pubescent 
 margin, convexo-plane, obtuse, umbonate, somewhat repand, viscid, 
 disc streaked with innate fibrils. St. 4-9 cm. x 6-15 mm., pale white, 
 elastic, cylindrical, viscid, apex covered with white, free, mealy granules. 
 Gills white, adnate, scarcely decurrent, distant, thick. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 8 x 4-5/z, 2-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. 
 Woods. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 HYGROPHORUS 295 
 
 903. H. discoideus (Pers.) Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. vm-ix, t. 10, fig. 4. 
 
 Ster/eo9, disc; etSo?, like. 
 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., pale yellowish inclining to pale, disc darker, somewhat 
 ferruginous, campanulate, then plane, obtusely umbonate, very glutinous. 
 St. 4-6 cm. x 6-10 mm., pale white, viscid, fiocculose, apex with white 
 dots. Gills pale yellowish white, or flesh colour, adnate, decurrent, dis- 
 tant, soft. Flesh under the cuticle of the umbo ferruginous, yellowish 
 white, or flesh colour elsewhere. Spores white, elliptical, 6-9 x 5/x, 
 1-guttulate. Woods. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 904. H. aureus (Arrh.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 166, fig. 2. Aureus, golden. 
 P. 2-4 cm., bright golden yellow, becoming reddish, convex, then 
 
 plane, glutinous. St. 46 cm. x 6 mm., becoming tawny, apex white 
 pruinose above the glutinous, ring-like, fugacious, tawny-reddish veil. 
 Gills white, or yellowish, adnato-decurrent, distant. Flesh white, or 
 pale ochraceous. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6/z. Woods. Nov. 
 Rare. 
 
 905. H. aromaticus (Sow.) Berk. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 144. 
 
 apcofjMTiKos, fragrant. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., cinnamon, convex, then expanded and plane, very 
 fragile, glutinous, the gluten in drying sometimes contracting and 
 forming raised, anastomosing ribs. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, 
 sub-equal. Gills white, with a pink tinge, slightly decurrent, 2-3 mm. 
 broad. Flesh bruising blackish. Smell spicy, taste like peppermint, 
 acrid. Amongst grass. Rare. 
 
 ****01ivaceous umber. 
 H. latitabundus Britz. = Hygrophorus Clarkii (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. 
 
 906. H. limacinus Fr. Saund. & Sm. t. 28. Limacinus, slimy. 
 P. 46 cm., disc umber, then fuliginous, margin paler, convex, then 
 
 plane, obtuse, viscid. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, greyish, or bistre, 
 firm, ventricose, viscid, fiocculose, fibrilloso-striate, apex squamulose. 
 Gills white inclining to cinereous, or yellowish, adnate, then decurrent, 
 subdistant. Flesh firm, white. Spores white, elliptical, 12 x 8/x. 
 Amongst leaves in woods. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 907. H. squamulosus Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 6. 
 
 Squamulosus, covered with little scales. 
 
 P. 57 cm., yellow olivaceous, disc fuscous, convex, then expanded, 
 subumbonate, glutinous, floccosely squamulose beneath the gluten, 
 tomentose at the incurved margin over the base of the gills. St. 6- 
 8 x 1-52 cm., concolorous, apex white, mealy, equal, or enlarged 
 downwards, glutinous. Gills white, 5-10 mm. wide, sinuato-adnate,
 
 296 HYGROPHORUS 
 
 margin irregular, somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming yellow- 
 ish towards the lower half of the stem. Spores white, globose, 3-5-4 
 x 3-5/a. Smell and taste pleasant. Amongst short grass. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 908. H. olivaceo-albus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 31. 
 
 Olivaceus, olivaceous; albus, white. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., olivaceous-fuscous, becoming pale especially towards the 
 margin, at first acorn-shaped, then expanded, umbonate, at length de- 
 pressed round the umbo, glutinous and often forming tear-like drops 
 at the margin, which becomes striate when old. St. 5-13 cm. x 6- 
 15 mm., white, sheathed with the squamulose, spotted, fuscous, viscid 
 veil which terminates at the apex in the form of a ring, equal, or 
 attenuated at the base, apex shining white. Gills white, or olivaceous 
 from the gluten, decurrent, distant, broad, connected by veins at the 
 base. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/z, 2-guttulate. 
 Woods, especially of conifers. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. obesus Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 92. Obesus, stout. 
 
 Differs from the type in having a thick, squat stem. Pine woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 909. H. hypothejus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 32. 
 
 VTTO, under; Oeiov, brimstone. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., at first covered with olivaceous gluten, cinereous when the 
 gluten disappears, becoming pale and yellowish, orange, or rarely (when 
 rotting) rufescent, convex, then depressed, obtuse, somewhat streaked. 
 St. 5-10 cm. x 410 mm., whitish, becoming yellowish, equal, viscid, 
 rarely spotted with the veil ; partial veil floccose, at the first cortinate 
 and annular, soon fugacious. Gills pallid, soon yellow, sometimes flesh 
 colour, decurrent, distant. Flesh white, then light yellow. Spores white, 
 elliptic-oblong, 10-11 x 4-5jn, 1-many-guttulate. Woods, and heaths, 
 under conifers. Sept. Jan. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. expallens Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 33. Expallens, becoming pale. 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, paler colour, and decreased 
 viscidity. Under pines. Nov. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 910. H. cerasinus Berk. (= Hygrophorus agathosmus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 884, t. 898. Cerasus Laurocerasus, the cherry laurel. 
 
 P. 46 cm., pale umber, then grey, convex, broadly umbonate, often 
 more or less undulate, sometimes depressed, viscid, shining when dry ; 
 margin minutely tomentose. St. 2-5-8 x 1 cm., white, attenuated 
 below, sometimes ventricose, punctato-squamulose above. Gills
 
 HYGBOPHOBUS 297 
 
 white, tinged with pink, decurrent, broad, sometimes forked, very 
 distant. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4 /A. Smell like that of cherry 
 laurel leaves. Fir woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 *****Fuscous cinereous, or livid. 
 
 911. H. fusco-albus Fr. Fuscus, dark; albus, white. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., fuscous, then cinereous, convexo-plane, then depressed, 
 moderately firm, viscid ; margin white-floccose. St. 5-12 cm. x 8- 
 15 mm., white, equal, when dry white-floccose at the apex. Gills snow- 
 white, decurrent, broad, rather thick. Flesh greyish white. Spores 
 white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 5/t, 1-guttulate. Woods, and amongst grass 
 under conifers. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 912. H. agathosmus Fr. (= Hygrophorus cerasinus Berk. sec. Quel.) 
 Gonn. & Rabenh. vm-ix, t. 11, fig. 4. 
 
 dya66s, good; 007477, scent. 
 
 P. 4-7 cm., livid grey, unicolorous, dotted with minute, raised, 
 crowded, viscid, pellucid, whitish papillae, convex, then plane, gibbous, 
 viscid ; margin at first involute, villose, at length reflexed, and undu- 
 lated. St. 512 cm. x 6-15 mm., white, equal, or slightly thickened 
 downwards, somewhat fibrillosely striate, granularly farinose at the 
 apex, the squamules at length becoming cinereous. Gills shining white, 
 decurrent, distant, 6-8 mm. wide, soft, somewhat veined at the base. 
 Flesh watery whitish, soft. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 4 5/u.. 
 Smell very pleasant. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncom- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 913. H. pustulatus (Pers.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 13. 
 
 Pustulatus, blistered. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., livid grey, disc fuscous, broken up into papillae, convex, 
 then expanded, umbonate, viscid. St. 3*5 4-5 cm. x 5-13 mm., white, 
 rough with black points, equal, or fusiform. Gills white, sometimes 
 glaucous, adnato-decurrent, 5-6 mm. wide, distant, soft. Spores 
 white, ovoid pruniform, 8-9 x 5/x. Fir woods. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 914. H. mesotephrus B. & Br. 
 
 /ieo-09, middle; Tempos, ash-coloured. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., white, disc brown, convex, somewhat hemispherical, 
 viscid, striate, the extreme margin often remaining quite even. St. 
 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, often stained yellowish, flexuose, attenuated 
 at the base, viscid, floccoso-granulated at the apex. Gills pure white, 
 shortly decurrent, moderately broad, ventricose, rather distant. 
 Flesh white, hygrophanous. Spores white, elliptical, somewhat pointed 
 at the one end, 9 x 6/i. Woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 298 HYGROPHORT7S 
 
 915. H. livido-albus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 888, t. 915. 
 
 Lividus, livid; albus, white. 
 
 P. 4-7 cm., livid, umbo bistre, with darker streaks, convex, viscid. 
 St. 6-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., grey, becoming yellowish downwards, equal, 
 or attenuated at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills shining white, 
 decurrent, distant. Flesh greyish when moist, white when dry, often 
 tinged with yellow in the stem. Spores white, elliptical, 10-11 x 5-6 jit, 
 multi-guttulate. Woods. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 II. Veil none. St. even, smooth, or fibrillose, not rough with dots. 
 P. firm, opaque, moist in rainy weather, not viscous. Gills 
 distant, arcuate. 
 
 *Gills deeply, and at length obconically decurrent. 
 
 916. H. camarophyllus (A. & S.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus caprinus (Scop.) 
 Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 889, t. 916, as Hygrophorus caprinus Scop. 
 
 tca^dpa, a vault; <j)v\\ov, a leaf. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., blackish-fuliginous, or blackish, at length cinereous- 
 fuliginous, but varying azure-blue, convex, then plane and depressed, 
 sometimes more or less umbonate, especially when young, firm, moist, 
 or dry, more or less radiately streaked with innate fibrils, pellicle hardly 
 separable ; margin at first white, pruinose, incurved, then expanded, 
 revolute, concolorous and undulating. St. 4-8 x 1-1-5 cm., fuliginous, 
 equal, or attenuated downwards, longitudinally fibrillose, apex finally 
 whitish, base white, pubescent. Gills white, becoming glaucous, or 
 grey, deeply decurrent, distant, 58 mm. wide, thick, connected by 
 veins. Flesh white. Spores elliptical, slightly apiculate at the one 
 end, 6-9 x 4-5/u., multi-guttulate. Smell strong, like that of Corti- 
 narius purpurascens, taste mild, slightly sweet. Heaths and pastures 
 under firs. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 917. H. leporinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 891, t. 931, as Hygrophorus 
 nemoreus Fr. Leporinus, belonging to a hare. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., yellow-rufescent, varying fuscous, equally fleshy, convex, 
 gibbous, fibrilloso-fioccose, firm, opaque, margin scalloped, then split, 
 silky. St. 4-5 x 1 cm., whitish flesh colour, firm, rigid, attenuated 
 commonly downwards, more rarely upwards, fibrillose, base white. 
 Gills pale yellowish, decurrent, branched. Flesh reddish flesh colour. 
 Spores "pale umber, subglobose, 6-8 x 4-4-5/i" Sacc. Woods, and 
 downs. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 H. bicolor Karst. = Hygrophorus Karstenii Sacc. & Cub. 
 
 918. H. nemoreus (Lasch) Fr. Nemoreus, belonging to a wood. 
 P. 3-8 cm., somewhat orange, equally fleshy, convex, then expanded, 
 
 gibbous, at length depressed. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., pale, firm, squamu-
 
 HYGROPHORTJS 299 
 
 lose, fibroso-striate, attenuated at the base. Gills somewhat concolorous, 
 decurrent, thick, distant, wide. Flesh yellowish, deeper coloured under 
 the cuticle of the pikus. Spores white, globose, 5-6 x 5/z. Taste 
 pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Oct. Dec. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 919. H. pratensis (Pers.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus ficoides (Bull.) Schroet.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 892, t. 917. Pratensis, growing in meadows. 
 
 P. 2-5-8 cm., tawny yellow, or buff, compactly fleshy especially at 
 the disc, thin towards the margin, convex, then flattened, gibbous, 
 almost turbinate from the stem being thickened upwards, moist, 
 rimosely incised when dry. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous but paler, 
 attenuated downwards, dilated into the pileus. Grills concolorous, or 
 white, deeply decurrent, at first arcuate, then extended in the form of 
 an inverted cone, very distant, thick, firm, brittle, connected by 
 veins. Flesh ochraceous. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/i. Smell 
 and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures, and heaths. Aug. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. cinereus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 893, t. 932, fig. B. 
 
 Cinereus, ash colour. 
 
 Differs from the type in the thinner, cinereous p., at length striate 
 at the margin, the white st. sometimes yellowish at the base, and the 
 cinereous gills. Heaths and downs. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. pallidus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 893, t. 932, fig. A. 
 
 Pallidus, pallid. 
 
 Differs from the type in the pallid, infundibuliform p., with undulate, 
 defiexed margin, the dilated, fibrillosely striate St., and the pallid, decur- 
 rent, branched, distant gills. On downs and hillsides. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. umbrinus W. G. Sm. Umbrinus, umber. 
 
 Differs from the type in the umber p., substriate at the margin, the 
 white, equal st., and the flesh being coloured umber under the cuticle 
 of the p. Hilly pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. meisneriensis Fr. Meisneriensis, belonging to Mount Meisner. 
 Differs from the type in the much smaller p., at length striate at the 
 margin, the white st., and the easily separable pellicle of the p. 
 
 920. H. Karstenii Sacc. & Cub. (= Hygrophorus bicolor Karst. sec. 
 
 W. G. Sm.) Karst. Icon. t. xm. 
 
 P. A. Karsten, the eminent Finnish mycologist. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., white, or whitish, convexo-plane, at length often 
 
 depressed, disc compact. St. 8-14 x 1-5-2 cm., white, or whitish,
 
 300 HYGBOPHORUS 
 
 attenuated downwards, wavy. Gills yellow, deeply decurrent, thick, 
 distant. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 6ju. Woods. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 921. H. foetens Phill. Cke. lUus. no. 904, t. 903, fig. B. 
 
 Foetens, stinking. 
 
 P. 1-5-2-5 cm., dark brown, convex, then plane, at length broken up 
 into squamules. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., paler than the pileus, attenu- 
 ated downwards, shining, clothed with transversely arranged fibrous 
 scales. Gills somewhat of the same colour as the pileus, or paler, some- 
 what glaucous-pruinose, decurrent, distant, rather thick. Flesh dark 
 coloured. Spores white, globose, 4-5 /z. Smell very foetid, nauseous. 
 Grassy places. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 922. H. virgineus (Wulf.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus ericeus (Bull.) Schroet.) 
 Boud. Icon. t. 37. Virgineus, maidenly. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 37 cm., convex, then plane, obtuse, subumbonate, 
 moist, at length depressed, cracked into patches, floccose and becoming 
 yellowish when dry. St. 5-11 cm. x 5-10 mm., firm, attenuated at 
 the base, pruinose, striate. Gills decurrent, distant, rather thick, 
 veined at the base. Spores white, oblong elliptic, 9-12 x 5-6 ft. Smell 
 and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures, heaths, and woods. Aug. 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. roseipes Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 895, t. 893. 
 
 Roseus, rose-coloured; pes, foot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the stem being rose-coloured externally, and 
 internally towards the base. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 923. H. ventricosus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 897, t. 901. 
 
 Ventricosus, ventricose. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 5-7-5 cm., convex, unequal. St. 6 x 1-1-5 cm., 
 ventricose, attenuated at both ends. Gills deeply decurrent, narrow, 
 sometimes forked. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4/z. Pastures, and 
 amongst grass. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 924. H. niveus (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 896, t. 900, fig. A. 
 
 Niveus, snow-white. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 1-5-3 cm., submembranaceous, campanulate, then 
 convex, umbilicate, striate and viscid when moist. St. 4-6 cm. x 2- 
 4 mm., equal. Gills decurrent, distant, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 7-8 x 4-5/i. Smell and taste mild. Edible. Heaths, and pastures. 
 Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 925. H. russocoriaceus Berk. & Miller. Cke. Illus. no. 896, t. 900, 
 fig. B. Russus, Russian; coriaceus, leathery. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., ivory-white, convex, slightly viscid. St. 1-5-4 cm. x 2- 
 6 mm., pure white, thickened upwards. Gills concolorous, decurrent,
 
 HYGROPHORUS 301 
 
 arched, thick, very few, distant. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 
 multi-guttulate. Smell very pleasant, like Russian leather. Edible. 
 Pastures, and heaths. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Gills ventricose, sinuato-arcuate, or plano-adnate. 
 
 926. H. fomicatus Fr. Fornicatus, arched. 
 P. 2-55 cm., white, or pallid livid, campanulate, then expanded, 
 
 obsoletely umbonate, subrepand, viscid. St. 5-8 cm. x 5-13 mm., 
 shining white, firm, tough, equal, subundulate. Gills white, almost 
 free, or sinuato-adnexed, thick, ventricose, distant, exceeding the margin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3-4/4. Pastures. Oct. Nov. Un- 
 common. (v.v.) 
 
 927. H. clivalis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 898, t. 933, as Hygrophorus forni- 
 catus Fr. Clivalis, belonging to hills. 
 
 P. 3-4 cm., whitish, disc yellowish, campanulate, silky, umbonate, 
 becoming split, scalloped, thin, striate. St. 46 x 1 cm., white, fragile, 
 attenuated at the base. Gills pale ochraceous, sinuate, almost free, 
 ventricose, distant, wide. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3/x. Parks, and 
 pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 928. H. distans Berk. Berk. Outl. t. 13, fig. 1. 
 
 Distans, being distant. 
 
 P. 35 cm., white with a silky lustre, here and there stained with 
 brown, plane, or depressed, often umbilicate, viscid. St. 3-4 cm. x 5- 
 6 mm., white above, cinereous below and attenuated. Gills pure white, 
 then tinged with cinereous, decurrent, few, very distant, subventricose, 
 interstices obscurely rugose. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10 x 8/a. 
 Smell sometimes pleasant, like the essence of almonds. Woods. Oct. 
 Rare. 
 
 929. H. Clarkii (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. (= Hygrophorus latitabundus 
 
 (Britz.) sec. W. G. Sm.) J. Aubrey Clark. 
 
 P. 9-10-5 cm., opaque umber, or livid cinereous, margin white, obtuse, 
 convexo-plane, viscid. St. 4r-7 x 2-3 cm., white-squamulose above, 
 pale umber-scaly below, equal, or attenuated downwards, viscid. Gills 
 ivory-white, adnate, distant, broad, thick, veined. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 10 x Qfj,. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 930. H. metapodius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 901, t. 918. 
 
 fierd, reversed; TTOU<?, foot. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., cinereous-fuscous, convex, then plane, obtuse, at first 
 viscid and slightly shining, then silky and squamulose, irregular. St. 
 410 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, attenuated downwards, sometimes 
 swollen at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills dark grey, becoming
 
 302 HYGROPHORUS 
 
 stained with red, adnate, or arcuato-decurrent, distant, thick, veined, 
 broad. Flesh pallid grey, reddish when broken and at length becoming 
 black. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 6/n, with a large central 
 gutta. Smell of new meal, taste mild. Old mossy pastures. Oct. 
 Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 931. H. ovinus (Bull.) Fr. Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 50. 
 
 Ovinus, belonging to sheep. 
 
 P. 4-5 cm., fuscous, campanulate, then expanded, somewhat umbo- 
 nate, at first slightly viscid, then dry and squamulose, at length revo- 
 lute, undulated, rimosely incised. St. 3-4 x -5-1 cm., pallid, or grey- 
 ish, subequal, or slightly thickened at both ends, curved, or twisted, 
 fibrillosely striate. Gills grey, then rufescent, arcuato-adnate, decur- 
 rent with a tooth, thick, broad, connected by veins. Flesh fragile, 
 grey, then tinged reddish, and finally black. Spores white, subglobose, 
 6 x 4-5^t. Smell strong, of new meal, taste mild. Pastures, and hill- 
 sides. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 932. H. connatus Karst. Connatus, born together. 
 P. 3-4 cm., grey, margin submembranaceous, convex, then plane, 
 
 unequal, dry, silky, then smooth. St. 6-7 cm. x 4-5 mm., concolorous, 
 equal, silky fibrillose, apex farinose. Gills dark grey, decurrent, some- 
 what thick, distant, branched. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4- 5 /it. 
 Caespitose. Woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 933. H. subradiatus (Schum.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 902, t. 935, fig. A. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; radiatus, rayed. 
 
 P. 3-4 cm., white, livid, grey, or flesh colour, disc fuscous, sub- 
 membranaceous, convex, then expanded, slightly umbonate, radiato- 
 striate from the translucent gills. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., pale, equal, 
 twisted, attenuated at the white base. Gills white, deeply decurrent 
 with a tooth, plane, ventricose, somewhat thin, distant, connected by 
 veins. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 6 /A, with a large central gutta. 
 Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lacinus Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 25, fig. 3, as Hygrophorus lacmus. 
 
 Lac, varnish. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., lilac, then becoming pale, convex, umbonate, unequal at 
 the circumference, radiato- striate when moist, even when dry, shining, 
 disc often fibrillose, or squamulose. St. 3-5 cm. x 7-15 mm., white, 
 or greyish, often tinged with yellow at the base, narrowed at the base 
 and apex. Gills cinereous, plano-decurrent, thin, connected by veins, 
 subdistant. Flesh tinged with grey, yellowish at the base of the stem. 
 Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 6/1-, with a large central gutta. 
 Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. More common than the type. 
 (v.v.)
 
 HYGROPHOBTJS 303 
 
 934. H. irrigatus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 168, fig. 3. 
 
 Irrigatus, bedewed. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., livid, becoming dingy white as the gluten separates, 
 fragile, campanulate, expanded, obtuse, viscid, margin striate. St. 
 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., livid, very viscid, equal, tough. Gills white, or 
 grey, adnate with a decurrent tooth, subdistant, wide, fragile, rather 
 thick, connected by veins. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 x 4/n" 
 Massee. Fir woods, grassy places, and pastures. Oct. Nov. Un- 
 common. 
 III. Veil none. Whole fungus thin, watery, succulent, fragile. 
 
 P. viscid when moist, shining when dry, rarely floccosely 
 
 squamose. St. hollow, soft, not punctate. Gills soft. Most of the 
 
 species brightly coloured, and shining. 
 
 *Gills decurrent. 
 
 935. H. Colemannianus Blox. Cke. Illus. no. 904, t. 903, fig. A. 
 
 W. H. Coleman. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., reddish umber, paler when dry except in the centre, 
 subcampanulate, then expanded, strongly umbonate, striate when 
 moist, and slightly viscid. St. 2-54 cm. x 24 mm., white, very 
 slightly tinged with umber, nearly equal, brittle, fibrous, somewhat 
 silky. Gills umber, paler than the pileus, deeply decurrent, rather 
 broad, distant, interstices veined and rugose. Flesh white, tinged 
 with umber under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores white, broadly ellip- 
 tical, 6-8 x 6/x. Pastures, and hillsides. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon. 
 (t>.*) 
 
 936. H. sciophanus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 167, fig. 1. 
 
 (TKid, shade; fyaivw, I appear. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., deep tawny, or brick colour, becoming paler when dry, 
 opaque, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, slightly viscid, some- 
 what fleshy; margin paler, striate. St. 3-7-5 cm. x 2-6 mm., tawny 
 yellowish, or paler, equal, flexuose, viscid. Gills of the same colour as 
 the pileus, or yellowish, attenuato-adnate, distant. Flesh yellowish, 
 reddish near the cuticle. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /z. Amongst 
 grass. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 937. H. sciophanoides Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 905, t. 937, fig. A, as 
 Hygrophorus sciophanus Fr. 
 
 Sciophanus, the species H. sciophanus; etSo9, like. 
 P. 1-3 cm., rosy pink, campanulate, then expanded, striate to the 
 disc, interstices paler, subumbonate, or papillate, membranaceous, 
 fragile. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, base white. Gills 
 pale pink, uncinato-adnate, broadest in front. Flesh pale yellow, 
 becoming white. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/n. Heaths, and 
 hilly pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 304 HYGROPHORTJS 
 
 938. H. laetus (Pers.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus Houghtoni Berk. sec. Quel.) 
 Fr. Icon. t. 167, fig. 2. Laetus, cheerful. 
 
 P. 2 3 cm., tawny, shining, convex, then flattened, obtuse, viscid; 
 margin almost membranaceous and slightly pellucid-striate. St. 
 3'5-7*5 cm. x 4 mm., concolorous, apex externally and internally 
 bluish green, equal, tough, viscid. Gills flesh colour, whitish, or fuli- 
 ginous, subdecurrent, distant, thin, somewhat connected by veins. 
 Flesh of the same colour as the pileus but paler. Spores white, elliptical, 
 7-9 x 4-5/Lt, 1-2-guttulate. Heaths, and hilly pastures. Sept. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 939. H. vitellinus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 167, fig. 3. 
 
 Vitellinus, of yolk of egg. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., citron-egg-yellow, becoming white when dry, very thin, 
 convex, umbilicate, viscid; margin plicato-striate. St. 5 cm. x 2 mm., 
 pallid light yellow, becoming white when dry, equal, flexuose, fragile. 
 Gills yellow, then egg-yellow, deeply decurrent, subdistant. Spores 
 white, broadly elliptical, with an apiculus at one end, 8-9 x 6jii, with 
 a large central gutta. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Dec. Uncommon. 
 
 940. H. citrinus Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11. 
 
 Citrinus, lemon yellow. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., citron yellow, convex, then plane, viscid; margin striate. 
 St. 1-2 cm. x 2-3 mm., citron yellow, apex white, base attenuated, 
 viscid. Gills whitish citron yellow, adnato-decurrent, somewhat 
 crowded, 2-3 mm. broad. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, 
 apiculate at the one end, 7-7-5 x 5/*, 1-guttulate. Roadsides, and 
 hilly pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 941. H. ceraceus (Wulf.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 39. Ceraceus, waxy. 
 P. 2-4 cm., waxy-yellow, shining, viscid, convexo-plane, obtuse; 
 
 margin slightly striate, pellucid. St. 3-5 cm. x 4 mm., concolorous, 
 often unequal, flexuose, at length compressed, base attenuated, white. 
 Gills yellow, adnato-decurrent, broad, connected by veins, almost tri- 
 angular. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 4/x. Woods, 
 and pastures. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 942. H. coccineus (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus miniatus (Scop.) 
 
 Schroet.) Boud. Icon. t. 38. Coccineus, scarlet colour. 
 
 P. 26 cm., bright scarlet, soon changing colour and becoming yellow- 
 ish, convex, then plane, often unequal, obtuse, at first viscid. St. 
 5-7 cm. x 68 mm., concolorous, becoming yellowish, compressed, 
 base always yellow. Gills purplish at the base, light yellow in the middle, 
 glaucous at the edge, adnate, decurrent by a tooth, distant, broad, con-
 
 HYGROPHORUS 305 
 
 nected by veins, trama red. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, 8-11 x 5-6 //,. Woods, and pastures. June Dec. Common. 
 
 943. H. miniatus Fr. (= Hygrophorus fiammans (Scop.) Schroet.) Cke. 
 
 Illus. no. 910, t. 921, fig. A. 
 
 Miniatus, coloured with red-lead. 
 
 P. -5-2 cm., vermilion, then becoming pale, and opaque, convex, 
 often umbonate, then umbilicate, glabrous, or squamulose. St. 3 
 5 cm. x 2-4 mm., vermilion, shining, equal, round. Gills yellow, or 
 yellow-vermilion, adnate. Flesh reddish, then yellow. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Heaths, pastures, and peat bogs. 
 June Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 944. H. Reai Maire. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11. 
 
 Carleton Eea. 
 
 P. 1-5-2-5 cm., scarlet, fleshy, thin, convex-campanulate, then 
 plane; margin orange yellow, or yellow, slightly striate when moist; 
 no separable pellicle. St. 3-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., orange scarlet to yellow, 
 base whitish, viscid, shining, somewhat tough. Gills flesh colour, then 
 orange, edge whitish, then yellow, broadly adnate with a decurrent tooth, 
 broad, thin, unequal. Flesh orange. Spores white, elliptical, apiculate, 
 7-8 x 3-5-4-5/u, 2-guttulate. Cystidia none. Taste bitter. In woods, 
 and pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 945. H. turundus Fr. Turunda, a kind of sacrificial cake. 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., yellow, or tawny, variegated with cinereous-fuscous 
 
 squamules, slightly fleshy, sometimes viscid at first, convex, then 
 expanded, umbilicate, or depressed; margin often elegantly crenate. St. 
 3-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., tawny-reddish, rigid-fragile, attenuated at the 
 base. Gills white, then cream colour, decurrent, narrow, 1-2 mm. wide, 
 distant. Flesh yellowish, or reddish. Spores white, elliptical, 8-1 1x5- 
 6/x, 1-2-guttulate. Heaths, pastures, and peat-bogs. July Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. mollis B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 910, t. 921, fig. B. Mollis, soft. 
 Golden. P. 12-18 mm., nearly plane, at length depressed, clad with 
 soft, short, radiating hairs of the same colour. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., 
 equal. Gills whitish, decurrent, narrow, distant. Flesh yellow. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 8 x 4/i. Woods, and pastures. July Oct. More 
 common than the type, (v.v.) 
 
 var. sphaerosporus Rea. crfyalpa, a ball; <nropd, seed. 
 
 P. 18 mm., reddish, covered with golden yellow fibrils, plane, then 
 
 depressed. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-5 mm., reddish, base white, slightly in- 
 
 crassated upwards. Gills white, decurrent, distant. Flesh bright 
 
 R. B. B. 20
 
 306 HYGROPHORUS 
 
 yellow. Spores white, subglobose, 67 x 5-6/z, verrucose. Amongst 
 short grass, and moss. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lepidus Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xm, 1. 1, fig. 2, as Hygrophorus 
 
 lepidus Boud. Lepidus, charming, 
 
 P. 1-5-4 cm., brilliant golden orange, becoming paler, disc deeper 
 
 colour, convex, umbilicate, minutely squamulose, or hirsuto-tomentose. 
 
 St. 5-7 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, slightly incrassated upwards. 
 
 Gills pallid, slightly tinged with the colour of the pileus at the base, 
 
 deeply and abruptly decurrent, thick, distant. Flesh of stem orange, 
 
 paler elsewhere. Spores white, oblong-elliptic, 9-10 x 5-6/x. Woods, 
 
 and bogs. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 946. H. mucronellus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 905, t. 937, fig. B. 
 
 Mucronellus, having a little sharp point. 
 
 P. 2-8 mm., scarlet, or yellow, then pale, becoming hoary, acutely 
 conical when small, when larger campanulate, obtuse, then expanded, 
 pellucidly striate when moist, somewhat silky when dry. St. 2-4 cm. 
 x 1-2 mm., concolorous, white at the base, flexuose, subattenuated 
 downwards, somewhat silky. Gills yellow, decurrent, thick, triangular. 
 Flesh concolorous. Spores white, globose, 3 x 2 3/x. Amongst moss 
 and short grass in pastures, and heaths. Aug. Dec. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 947. H. micaceus B. & Br. Micaceus, like mica. 
 P. 812 mm., light yellow, becoming cinereous, hemispherical, like a 
 
 small Leotia lubrica, glittering with micaceous granules, wrinkled. St. 
 1820 x 2-3 mm., light yellow, then brown towards the base, granulated. 
 Gills pallid umber, decurrent. Flesh yellowish, somewhat brownish 
 under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores white, subglobose, 4 x 3/x, 
 1-guttulate. On bare earth, and clayey soil. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 948. H. Wynniae B. & Br. (= Omphalia bibula Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 911, t. 905, fig. A. Mrs Lloyd Wynne, of Coed Coch. 
 
 Entirely lemon-yellow, hygrophanous. P. 1-2-5 cm., thin, hemi- 
 spherical, umbilicate, or somewhat infundibuliform, pellucidly striate. 
 St. 3-4-5 cm. x 1-3 mm., attenuated upwards from the white, swollen, 
 strigose base. Gills decurrent, narrow, thin. Spores white, broadly 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 6/*. Smell foetid when decayed. On fir needles, twigs, 
 chips, and stumps. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Gills adnexed, somewhat separating. 
 
 949. H. puniceus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 912, t. 922. 
 
 Puniceus, blood-red. 
 
 P. 5-11 cm., blood-red scarlet, becoming pale with age especially at 
 the fleshy disc, campanulate, obtuse, generally repand, or lobed, very
 
 HYGROPHORUS 307 
 
 irregular, viscid. St. 7-11 x 12-5 cm., concolorous, or light yellowish, 
 base always white, attenuated at both ends, often incurved, striate, 
 apex often squamulose. Gills white-light-yellow, or yellow, often reddish 
 at the base, ascending, appearing free, ventricose, broad, thick, distant. 
 Flesh concolorous. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 5/x, with 
 a large central gutta. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pas- 
 tures. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 950. H. nigrescens Quel. (= Hygrophorus puniceus Fr. var. nigrescens 
 
 (Quel.) Massee.) Nigrescens, becoming black. 
 
 P. 510 cm., white, then citron or jonquil yellow, streaked with pink- 
 ish, or orange fibrils, becoming grey and silky and finally black, campanu- 
 late, scalloped, lobed. St. 5-7 x 1-2 cm., citron yellow, streaked with 
 orange, base white, substriate, wrinkled, splitting, tough. Gills 
 cream, or citron yellow, orange at the base, then grey, becoming black. 
 Flesh orange, white in the stem, becoming black; juice becoming lilac 
 colour on exposure to the air. Spores white, elliptical, 11-13 x 6-7 /n. 
 Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 951. H. obrusseus Fr. o/3pvov, pure gold. 
 P. 5-12 cm., golden-sulphur-yellow with a tinge of green, campanu- 
 
 late, then expanded and somewhat revolute, lobed and often split- 
 ting at the margin, obtuse, fragile, shining. St. 5-11 x 1-3-5 cm., 
 sulphur yellow, becoming tawny at the base, often compressed, unequal. 
 Gills white, tinged with yellowish green towards the base, adnexed, at 
 length separating, free, very broad, 10-12 mm., distant, thick. Flesh 
 concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/z, 1-2-guttulate. 
 Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 952. H. intermedius Pass. Intermedius, intermediate. 
 P. 3-5-5 cm., golden yellow, becoming greyish, or bright orange, very 
 
 thin, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, or subumbonate, fibril- 
 losely-silky; margin often wavy. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 6-9 mm., yellow, 
 equal, fibrillosely-striate. Gills whitish, then yellow, adnate, ventricose, 
 distant. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 6/u,. Smell of meal. Road- 
 sides, grassy places, and damp ground. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 953. H. conicus (Scop.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 40, as var. nigrescens Boud. 
 
 Conious, conical. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., scarlet, yellow, tawny, sulphur-greenish, livid, or fuli- 
 ginous-light yellow, becoming black, submembranaceous, campanulate, 
 conical, acute, often lobed, then expanded and cracked, viscid when 
 moist, shining when dry. St. 6-9 cm. x 4-9 mm., concolorous, or 
 yellow, becoming black, cylindrical, tense and straight, fibrillosely- 
 striate. Gills white, or yellow, sometimes reddish at the base, becoming 
 black when bruised, attenuato-free, ventricose, thin, somewhat 
 
 202
 
 308 HYGROPHORTTS 
 
 crowded. Flesh concolorous, becoming black. Spores white, broadly 
 elliptical, 10-11 x 7-8 /A, with a large central gutta. Pastures, heaths, 
 roadsides, and woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 954. H. calyptraeformis Berk. (= Hygrophorus amoenus (Lasch) 
 
 Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 916, t. 894. 
 
 KoXvTrrpa, a woman's veil; forma, shape. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., pink, becoming pallid, thin, campanulate, acutely 
 conical, lobed below, then expanded and revolute, minutely innato- 
 fibrillose, moist. St. 6-12 x 1 cm., white, often with a rosy tinge within 
 the p., striate, brittle, often splitting longitudinally, easily separating 
 from the pileus. Gills rose coloured, at length pallid, acutely attenu- 
 ated behind, distant. Flesh of pileus pink, of stem white. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/z, 1-guttulate. Pastures, heaths, and woods. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. niveus Cooke. Cke. Illus. no. 917, t. 923. Niveus, snow-white. 
 Differs from the type in being entirely snow-white. Pastures, and 
 lawns. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 955. H. chlorophanus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 41. 
 
 ^Xtpo9, pale green; <f>aiva), I appear. 
 
 Entirely rich yellow, becoming pale, rarely scarlet, fragile. P. 3-5 cm., 
 submembranaceous, convex, then plane and depressed, obtuse, 
 orbicular, lobed, at length cracked, viscid, often striate. St. 3- 
 8 cm. x 4-8 mm., equal, often compressed, viscid, sometimes sulcate 
 in the middle. Gills white, then sulphur yellow, emarginato-adnexed, 
 very ventricose, thin, distant. Flesh yellow, deeper coloured under the 
 cuticle. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/A. Taste mild. 
 Edible. Pastures, heaths, and woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 956. H. psittacinus (Schaeff.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 42. 
 
 i/rtTTa/eo<?, a parrot. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., green at first from the gluten, then yellowish, whitish, or 
 brick colour, and finally purplish, campanulate, then expanded, 
 umbonate, striate. St. 4 7 cm. x 4 7 Tarn.., green at first from the gluten, 
 which is persistent at the apex, then yellowish, equal, often bent, 
 toughish. Gills yellow, greenish at the base, adnate, ventricose, thick, 
 broad, subdistant. Flesh white, tinged with green and yellow. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/z. Taste mild. Edible. July Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 957. H. spadiceus (Scop.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 168, fig. 1. 
 
 ffTrdSiJ;, date-brown. 
 
 P. 1-6 cm., olivaceous date-brown, black and shining when dry, 
 fragile, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, or acute, very glutinous,
 
 HYGROPHORUS. CLITOPILUS 309 
 
 distinctly virgate with black fibrils. St. 4-7 cm. x 6-10 mm., yellowish, 
 striato-virgate with fuscous fibrils, equal. Gills citron yellow, sinuate, 
 broad, ventricose, rather thick, distant. Flesh citron yellow. Spores 
 white, elliptical, "10-12 x 6-7 /A" Sacc. Mossy meadows. July. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 958. H. unguinosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 168, fig. 2. Unguinosus, oily. 
 P. 3-6 cm., smeared with dense fuliginous gluten, slightly fleshy, 
 
 campanulate, then convex, obtuse, very fragile, even, or at length 
 rimosely incised. St. 5-9 cm. x 5-10 mm., concolorous, glutinous, 
 attenuated at the base and apex, unequal, somewhat compressed. 
 Gills shining white becoming glaucous, adnate, very ventricose, dis- 
 tant, thick, broad, connected by veins. Flesh greyish. Spores white, 
 broadly elliptical, 9 x 7/x, with a large central gutta. Woods, and 
 pastures. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 959. H. obscuratus Karst. Obscuratus, darkened. 
 P. 3-4 cm., sooty, or livid blackish, mouse colour when dry, fragile, 
 
 convex, obtuse, dry, squamulose. St. 4-6 cm. X 4-8 mm., pallid, 
 centre often tinged smoky, unequal, usually inflated below, wavy, 
 glabrous. Gills whitish, or glaucous, sinuato-adnate. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 7-10 x 3-5/A. Pastures. Sept. Rare. 
 
 960. H. nitratus (Pers.) Fr. Nitratus, nitrous. 
 P. 16 cm., fuscous-cinereous, becoming pale, scarcely fleshy, very 
 
 fragile, convex, obtuse, or depressed in the centre, at first slightly 
 viscid, soon flocculose, then squamulose, or fibrillosely striate, rimosely 
 incised, irregularly shaped, somewhat repand. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 2- 
 12 mm., whitish, grey, or yellowish, equal, often twisted, fragile, some- 
 times compressed, base attenuated. Gills whitish, then becoming 
 glaucous, broadly emarginate, broad, distant, thick, mucid-soft, con- 
 nected by veins. Flesh grey, darker under the cuticle of the pileus. 
 Spores white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4-5/x,, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, 
 nitrous. Pastures, and heaths. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. glauco-nitens Fr. y\avtc6<;, pale green ; nitens, shining. 
 
 Stiff. P. olivaceous black, or fuliginous, becoming pale, streaked with 
 St. equal, shining. Gills becoming glaucous. Mixed woods. 
 Aug. Rare. 
 
 Spores pink. 
 
 ClitopUus Fr. 
 (/c\/T05, a slope; 77-1X09, cap.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, or irregular. Stem central fleshy. Gills de- 
 current. Spores pink, elliptical, fusiform, globose, oblong, angular, 
 smooth, or verrucose, continuous. Growing on the ground.
 
 310 CUTOPILUS 
 
 I. P. irregular; margin at first flocculose. Gills deeply decurrent. 
 
 961. C. prunulus (Scop.) Fr. (= Clitopilus orcella (Bull.) Fr.) Cke. 
 lUus. no. 343, t. 322. Prunulus, a little plum. 
 
 P. 3-11 cm., while, or yellowish, or more rarely becoming cinereous, 
 fleshy, compact, convex, then flattened, at length depressed and 
 repand or unequal, viscid when moist, delicately pruinose, often 
 spotted, or zoned; margin involute, thin, mealy. St. 2-6 x 1-1-5 cm., 
 white, ventricose, or thickened upwards, pruinose, or villose, often 
 striate, cottony at the base. Gills white, then flesh colour, deeply 
 decurrent, attenuated at both ends. Flesh white. Spores pink, fusi- 
 form, 11-13 x 5/A, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia none. Smell and taste 
 of new meal. Edible. Woods, and pastures. June Nov. Common. 
 
 962. C. mundulus (Lasch) Fr. (= Clitopilus pseudo-orcella Fr. sec. 
 Quel.) Cke. Ulus. no. 345, t. 375, fig. A. Mundus, neat. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., becoming pale white, then spotted cinereous, at length 
 becoming black, fleshy, thin, convex, gibbous, soon flattened and de- 
 pressed, unequal repand, often excentric, rivulose, or even, fioccoso- 
 soft; margin involute. St. 2-3 cm. x 4 mm., white, subequal, floccoso- 
 villose, base white- villose. Gills pallid, deeply decurrent, very crowded, 
 narrow, thin, with many shorter ones intermixed. Flesh white, 
 soft, becoming black in the stem. Spores elliptical, 8-11 x 4-5 p. Taste 
 bitter. Woods, amongst leaves. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. nigrescens (Lasch) Fr. Nigrescens, becoming black. 
 
 Differs from the type in the whole of the flesh becoming black. 
 
 963. C. popinalis Fr. (= Paxillus amarellus (Pers.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 
 t. 96, fig. 1. Popinalis, belonging to a cook-shop. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., cinereous, here and there mottled with guttate spots, 
 slightly fleshy, flaccid, convex, then depressed, somewhat repand; 
 margin thin, inrolled, pruinose, grey. St. 2-5 cm. x 5-12 mm., paler 
 than the p., subequal, often flexuose, attenuated, or somewhat bulbous 
 at the white, cottony base. Gills ochraceous, then grey, deeply decur- 
 rent, thin, narrow. Flesh grey, becoming white. Spores pink, globose, 
 4-6/z, warted. Cystidia none. Smell of new meal, or rancid. Downs, 
 fields, and sandy sea-shores. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 964. C. undatus Fr. (= Eccilia undata (Fr.) Quel.; Clitopilus vilis Fr. 
 
 sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 96, fig. 4. Undatus, waved. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., fuliginous cinereous, becoming pale, membranaceous, 
 
 convex, then depressed, umbilicate, sometimes infundibuliform, un- 
 
 equal, undulated, often somewhat zoned, pruinose, silky. St. 2- 
 
 3 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, entirely fibrous, unequal, compressed,
 
 
 CLITOPILUS 311 
 
 mealy; base cottony, white, and attenuated. Gills dark cinereous, 
 deeply decurrent, 4 mm. broad, thin, entire, or undulate. Spores 
 "distinctly rusty-brown, pure yellow under the microscope, elliptical, 
 7-8 x 4-5/z" Rick. Downs, and hilly pastures. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. viarum Fr. Via, a way. 
 
 Differs from the type in the greyish hoary, smooth, shining, zoned p., 
 and glabrous stem. 
 
 965. C. cancrinus Fr. (=Eccilia cancrina (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 95, 
 fig. 4. Cancer, a crab. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., whitish tan, or wholly white, becoming pale, slightly 
 fleshy, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, very irregularly shaped, 
 at length broken into cracks, becoming flocculoso-even. St. 2-2-5 cm. 
 x2-4 mm., white, round, or compressed, equal, or enlarged upwards, 
 base white- villose, the mycelium often gathering the soil into a ball. 
 Gills white, then flesh colour, truly decurrent, distant, 3 mm. broad, 
 rather thick, arcuate when young then straight. Flesh white, hyaline 
 near the gills. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 9 x 5-6/z, multi-guttu- 
 late. Pastures, and roadsides. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 966. C. cretatus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 345, t. 375, fig. B. 
 
 Cretatus, marked with chalk. 
 
 P. 6-18 mm., dead white, but shining, membranaceous, convex, 
 then umbilicate, margin involute. St. 46 x 12 mm., white, often 
 curved at the base, sometimes thickened, tomentose, especially below. 
 Gills rose colour, very decurrent, narrow. Flesh white. Spores pink, 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4jU. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncom- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 II. P. regular, silky, or hygrophanous-silky ; margin naked. 
 Gills adnate, slightly decurrent. 
 
 967. C. carneo-albus (With.) Fr. (= Eccilia carneo-alba (With.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 349, t. 324, upper figs. 
 
 Caro, flesh; albus, white. 
 
 P. 1'5 3 cm., white, disc often becoming reddish, or yellowish, convex, 
 then expanded and depressed, slightly silky. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., 
 white, unequal, fibroso-striate, silky. Gills white, then flesh colour, 
 adnato-decurrent, narrow. Flesh white, thin. Spores pink, angular, 
 "10x6/z" Sacc. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 968. C. angustus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 96, fig. 3. A ngustus, narrow. 
 P 1-2 cm., bluish-grey-cinereous, somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, 
 
 subumbonate, hygrophanous, silky-shining when dry. St. 7-8 x 1-
 
 312 CLITOPILUS 
 
 1-5 cm., white, curved, strigosely rooting at the hairy base. Gills some- 
 what flesh colour, adnato-decurrent, crowded, narrow. Flesh brownish. 
 Spores pink, 7-8 x 5/z. Woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 969. C. Sarnicus Massee. Sarnicus, belonging to Guernsey. 
 
 P. 23 cm., mouse colour, paler with a ruddy tinge when dry, cam- 
 panulate, then quite plane, subumbonate, often more or less depressed 
 round the umbo, slightly striate when moist, minutely silky flocculose. 
 St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, slightly flexuose. Gills pinkish 
 salmon colour, plane nearly up to the stem then suddenly decurrent, 
 3-4 mm. broad, rather crowded. Flesh very thin. Spores pink, 
 nodulose, with an apiculus, 7-8 x 6/u. Amongst grass. Rare. 
 
 970. C. vilis Fr. (= Eccilia undata (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 351, 
 t. 487. Vilis, of small value. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., grey, submembranaceous, convex, umbilicate, silky - 
 fibrillose when dry. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, equal, 
 tough, but fibroso-fissile, fibrilloso-striate, base white-villose. Gills 
 whitish, plano-decurrent, or adnate with a decurrent tooth, nearly 
 triangular, crowded, almost extending beyond the margin of the p. Flesh 
 white. Spores pink, "quadrangular, almost quadrilateral, 8-9 /x ' 
 Rick. Downs, and open spaces. July Sept. Not uncommon. 
 (9.9.) 
 
 971. C. stilbocephalus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 349, t. 324, lower 
 
 figs. <7TiX/3&>, I shine; ^)aX^, the head. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., yellowish white, or greyish, sparkling with atoms, whitish 
 and rather silky when dry, campanulate, obtuse, sometimes umbonate, 
 hygrophanous ; margin straight. St. 5-8 cm. x 3-8 mm., white, or 
 greyish, somewhat equal, undulato-fibrous. Gills salmon colour, 
 adnate, sometimes emarginate behind, 3-5 mm. broad, veined. Flesh 
 whitish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 9-12 x 6-9 /u,, 1-guttulate. 
 Smell pleasant of new meal. Pastures. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 
 (9.9.) 
 
 972. C. Smithii Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 350, t. 599, as Clitopilus stilbo- 
 cephalus Berk. var. 
 
 Worthington G. Smith, the eminent mycologist. 
 P. 2-4 cm., whitish, or with a dingy yellow tinge, soon becoming plane 
 and orbicular, sometimes undulated, atomate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 3 
 4 mm., pallid, with a reddish tinge below, tapering very slightly up- 
 wards, undulated, base white, downy. Gills salmon colour, broadly 
 adnate with a slight decurrent tooth, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, 
 rather thick except at the margin. Spores pink, globose, 4/A. Oct. 
 Rare.
 
 CLITOPILUS. FLAMMULA 313 
 
 973, C. straminipes Massee. Cke. Ulus. no. 1159, t. 960. 
 
 Stramen, straw; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., whitish, submembranaceous, fragile, at length expanded 
 and depressed in the centre, shining. St. 5 cm. x 3 mm., straw colour 
 below, sprinkled with white meal above, equal, often compressed. 
 Gills whitish then rosy, shortly decurrent, scarcely crowded. Flesh 
 white. Spores pink, angular, globose, 11 12/z % Amongst grass. Sept. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. 
 
 Flammula Fr. 
 (Gyninophilus (Karst.) Murr. sec. Maire.) 
 
 (Flammula, a little flame.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, viscid, or dry. Stem central, fleshy, or fibrous. 
 Gills decurrent, or adnate with a decurrent tooth. Spores ochraceous, 
 ferruginous, or fuscous, elliptical, oblong elliptical, globose, or navicu- 
 lar; smooth, punctate, or verrucose; continuous, or with a germ-pore. 
 Cystidia present, rarely none. Growing on the ground, or on wood; 
 solitary, gregarious, fasciculate, or caespitose. 
 
 I. Veil none; p. dry, most frequently squamulose. Spores 
 ferruginous, in Flammula decipiens fuscous ferruginous. 
 
 974. P. gymnopodia (Bull.) Fr. (= Armillaria mellea (Vahl.) Fr. var. 
 
 tabescens (Scop.) Rea sec. Quel.) yvpvos, naked; TTOVS, foot. 
 
 Entirely dark ferruginous. P. 5-7-5 cm., fleshy, campanulato-con- 
 
 vex, squamulose. St. 5-6 x 1 cm., becoming smooth, ascending 
 
 equal. Gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, crowded. Caespitose. Pine 
 
 sawdust, and on the ground. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 975. F. Aldridgei Massee. (= Flammula veluticeps Cke. & Massee.) 
 
 Miss Emily Aldridge. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., brick red with a tinge of orange, or tawny orange, fleshy, 
 convex, then infundibuliform, with a subinvolute margin, minutely 
 velvety. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, equal, flexuose, smooth, 
 base with a white floccose mycelium. Gills golden yellow, then ferru- 
 ginous-orange, deeply decurrent, lanceolate, 3 mm. broad, rather 
 crowded. Spores ferruginous orange, elliptical, slightly apiculate at 
 the base, 16 x 5/i. Gregarious. Amongst moss on the ground in 
 woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 976. F. vinosa (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 466, t. 437. 
 
 Vinosa, full of wine. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., ferruginous fawn, fleshy, expanded, at length depressed, 
 dry, delicately fiocculose. St. 2-3 cm. x 6mm., pale, firm, somewhat 
 thickened at the base, delicately fiocculose. Gills ferruginous, decurrent,
 
 314 FLAMMULA 
 
 simple, narrow, crowded. Spores "pale brown, 5 /z long, ovate" 
 
 Sacc. On the ground. Rare. 
 
 F. paradoxa Kalchbr. = Paxillus paradoxus (Kalchbr.) Quel. 
 
 F, Tammii Fr. = Paxillus paradoxus (Kalchbr.) Quel. 
 
 977. F. clitopila Cke. & Sin. Cke. lUus. no. 468, t. 500. 
 
 K\I,TO<;, a slope; TrtXo?, cap. 
 
 P. 2-55 cm., purplish brown, or madder brown, fleshy, convex, then 
 expanded, disc depressed and umbilicate, smooth, dry. St. 5-7-5 x 1- 
 1*5 cm., fuliginous, ventricose, erect, with a few scattered fibrils to- 
 wards the base. Gills pallid, or yellowish, slightly adnexed, ventricose, 
 scarcely crowded. Flesh white, brown in the st., fairly thick. Spores 
 brown, elliptical, 10 x 4jLi. Amongst firs. Nov. Rare. 
 
 978. P. purpurata Cke. & Massee. Cke. lUus. no. 1167, t. 964. 
 
 Purpurata, clad in purple. 
 
 P 2-5-5 cm., purple, or purple brown, fleshy, convex, then expanded, 
 obtusely umbonate, clad with minute, floccose, concolorous scales, dry. 
 St. 2-55 cm. x 46 mm., pallid above, purple below, equal, curved, 
 ascending, apex smooth, granular dowmvards. Ring imperfect, fibril- 
 lose. Gills lemon yellow, at length bright ferruginous, adnate, somewhat 
 rounded behind, subdistant, narrow. Flesh purplish, yellow at the 
 apex of the st., thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 5/u.. 
 Taste very bitter. Tree-fern stems. May. Rare. 
 
 979. F. floccifera B. & Br. Cke Illus. no. 467, t. 438, upper figs. 
 
 Floccus, a flock of wool ; fero, I bear. 
 
 P. 4r-5 cm., tawny, fleshy, convex, then expanded, sprinkled with 
 snow-white fibrils, becoming somewhat zoned in drying. St. 3-4 cm. 
 x 6 mm., white, attenuated downwards, silky scaly, apex furfura- 
 ceous. Gills ferruginous, edge white, adnate, rounded behind, scarcely 
 ventricose, moderately broad, wrinkled transversely. Flesh white, 
 tawny at the edge, and beneath the cuticle of the p., umber in the st., 
 fleshy at the disc. Spores ferruginous. Caespitose. On lime stumps. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 980. F. decipiens W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 467, t. 438, lower figs. 
 
 Decipiens, deceiving. 
 
 P. 2-5-3 cm., rich brown, becoming pale, and almost white at the disc, 
 fleshy, convex, very obtuse, or umbonate, at length sometimes de- 
 pressed round the umbo, dry, minutely squamulose. St. 3-6 cm. x 4- 
 6 mm., rich tawny, attenuated downwards, often twisted, striate. Gills 
 orange brown, decurrent, 4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh golden yellow, 
 bright brown at base of st., thick at the disc. Spores orange brown, 
 elliptical, apiculate at the base, 6-7 x 4/i. Inclined to be fasciculate. 
 Charcoal heaps, and burnt earth. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 FLAMMULA 315 
 
 981. F. nitens Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1168, t. 1154. 
 
 Nitens, shining. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., dark purple brown, fleshy, hemispherical, convex, then 
 expanded, obtuse, shining, dry, somewhat silky. St. 4-7-5 x 1 cm., 
 flesh colour, or pale pinkish brown, equal, fibrillose, incurved. Gills 
 pallid, then umber, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, 
 thin at the margin. Spores pale brown, almond-shaped, 10 x 5-7 /x. 
 Caespitose. On the ground. Aug. Sept. Rare. 
 
 II. P. covered with a continuous, somewhat separable, smooth, viscid 
 pellicle ; cortina manifest fibrillose. Spores ferruginous, not tawny ; 
 fuscous ferruginous in Flammula carbonaria. Gregarious, growing 
 on the ground, rarely on wood. 
 
 F. lenta (Pers.) Fr. = Hebeloma glutinosum (Lindgr.) Fr. 
 
 982. F. lubrica (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 116, fig. 1. Lubrica, slimy. 
 P. 5-10 cm., brick-red tawny, or bright cinnamon, sometimes pallid 
 
 with the disc tawny, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, or slightly 
 umbonate, sometimes depressed and repand, viscid, smooth, some- 
 times spotted with glued down scales ; margin sometimes striate. St. 
 5-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., whitish, at length becoming fuscous, equal, or 
 slightly attenuated upwards, dry, laxly fibrillose, base pubescent. 
 Gills pallid, then clay colour, adnate, subdecurrent, 6 mm. broad, 
 crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc, tough. Spores pale rusty 
 brown, "cylindrical-elliptical, nearly reniform, 5-6 x 3-3-5/u,, smooth. 
 Cystidia lanceolate-fusiform, 50-65 x 12-18/*, contents at first 
 yellowish" Rick. Smell scarcely strong. On and near trunks, and 
 in pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 983. F. lupina Fr. Lupina, pertaining to a wolf. 
 P. 7-10 cm., brown, tan fuscous, or tawny, fleshy, convex, obtuse, 
 
 then piano-depressed, smooth, covered with a viscid, easily separable 
 pellicle. St. 2-5 cm. x 12 mm., whitish at the apex, elsewhere ferru- 
 ginous with dense adpressed fibrils, sometimes light yellowish, firm, 
 thickened either upwards or downwards. Gills clay colour, or light 
 yellowish, adnato-decurrent, broad, moderately crowded. Flesh 
 white, becoming ferruginous in the St., soft. Spores "nearly elliptical- 
 oval, 9-10 x 5-6//,, smooth, almost colourless under the microscope. 
 Cystidia on edge of the gill ventricose-fusiform, with a long pointed 
 clavate apex, 50-60 x 9-12 fj," Rick. Smell very strong or mild. 
 Taste very bitter. Pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 984. F. mixta Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 474, t. 476. Mixta, mixed. 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., dingy tan, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, disc unequal, 
 
 darker, rugulose, smooth; margin sloping, paler. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 6-
 
 316 FLAMMULA 
 
 8 mm., whitish, equal, either short, ascending, curved, or elongated, 
 flexuose, with lax, fuscous fibrils, clothed below with reflexed, rufous 
 fuscous scales, base somewhat thickened. Cortina manifest, fibrillose. 
 Gills white, then clay colour, subdecurrent, 6-8 mm. broad, somewhat 
 crowded, unequal at the edge. Flesh watery, rather firm. Spores 
 yellow brown, "almost almond-shaped, 12-15 x 6-7 /z, smooth. 
 Cystidia flask-shaped-lanceolate, 50-60 x 13-15/u" Rick. Sub- 
 caespitose. Pine and mixed woods. Aug. Nov. Rare. 
 
 985. F. juncina W. G. Sm. Cke. lUus. no. 472, t. 475. 
 
 Juncina, pertaining to a rush. 
 
 P. 3-4 cm., sulphury yellow, disc rich brown, fleshy, hemispherical, 
 convex. St. 8-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., sulphur yellow, base tawny, attenu- 
 ated downwards, clothed with a few fibres. Gills red brown, decur- 
 rent, 46 mm. broad, very thin. Flesh sulphur whitish, brownish to- 
 wards the base of the st., thin at the margin. Taste nauseous and 
 disagreeable, somewhat bitter. Dead bulrushes in an old clay pit. 
 Nov. Rare. 
 
 986. F. gummosa (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 116, fig. 2. 
 
 Gummosa, sticky. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., pallid light yellow, or becoming green, at length ferru- 
 ginous with the spores, paler at the circumference, fleshy, regular, cam- 
 panulate, then soon flattened, obtuse, or depressed, covered with a 
 separable, viscid pellicle, sprinkled with superficial floccose scales, then 
 smooth. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., ferruginous, rubiginous at the base, 
 paler upwards, equal, tense, straight, rigid, silky fibrillose. Gills 
 pale yellowish white, then cinnamon, adnate, narrow, crowded. Flesh 
 becoming yellow, thin. Spores yellow, elliptical, 5-7 x 3-4/z, smooth. 
 Cystidia on the surface of the gill sparse, subulate-fusiform, 30- 
 40 x 7-8//,, on edge of the gill cylindrical, capitate, flexuose, apex 
 6-7 jit in diam., 40-45 x 4-5 /n. On and about old stumps, and in 
 grassy places. Oct. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 987. F. decussata Fr. (=Flammula carbonaria Fr. var. decussata Fr. 
 sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 15, fig. 1. 
 
 Decussata, divided crosswise. 
 
 P. 3-4 cm., crust colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, viscid, virgate 
 with innate, radiating, darker fibrils; disc gibbous, darker. St. 3- 
 5 cm. x 4 mm., pallid above, elsewhere becoming fulvous, equal, ad- 
 pressedly fibrillose. Cortina manifest. Gills yellowish, then clay colour, 
 adnate, narrow, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellowish under the 
 separable pellicle. Spores "7-8 x 3/x" Sacc. Beech woods. Rare. 
 
 988. F. spumosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 116, fig. 3. Spumosa, full of foam. 
 P. 3-5 cm., pallid light yellow, disc often darker, fleshy, convex, then 
 
 plane, subumbonate, very viscid, pellicle separable, naked. St. 5-
 
 FLAMMULA 317 
 
 10 cm. x 4 mm., light yellow, or concolorous, sometimes olivaceous 
 fuscous, attenuated downwards, more or less fibrillose, remarkably 
 cortinate. Gills light yellow, then ferruginous, adnate, crowded. Flesh 
 light yellow, becoming green, watery, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, 
 bluntly elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 //,, 2-guttulate. Cystidia "flask-shaped, 
 50-60 x 10-15/z, long-necked" Eick. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. 
 Woods, especially fir, sawdust, pastures, and rarely on trunks. Sept. 
 Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 989. F. carbonaria Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 475, t. 442 
 
 Carbonaria, pertaining to charcoal. 
 
 P. 3-9 cm., tawny, fleshy, convex, then soon plane, and often de- 
 pressed at the disc, smooth, viscid; margin incurved, often floccosely 
 fimbriate. St. 2-5-11 cm. x 2-14 mm., pallid, often blacJcish at the 
 base, rigid, equal, or slightly thickened upwards, fibrillosely-squamu- 
 lose, the mycelium at the base often forming a pseudo-bulb with the 
 soil. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious. Gills clay, then fuscous clay colour, 
 adnate, rather broad, crowded. Flesh yellowish, firm, thin at the 
 margin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, subelliptical, 6-7 x 4/z,, 1- 
 guttulate. Cystidia flask shaped, apex obtuse, 4-6 /z in diam., 
 35-50 x 10-16/z. Densely gregarious. Charcoal heaps, and burnt 
 earth. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 III. Cuticle of the p. continuous, not distinct, nor separable, smooth 
 (here and there with a superficial covering), moist, or a little 
 viscid in wet weather. Cortina manifest, appendiculate. Spores 
 not tawny, nor ochraceous. Caespitose, growing on wood. 
 
 990. F. filia Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 117, fig. 1. Filia, a daughter. 
 P. 5-7 cm., pale yellow, disc rufescent, fleshy, convex, soon plane, 
 
 moist, smooth. St. 7-515 cm. x 12 mm., pallid, base reddish, equal, 
 or attenuated at the base, smooth. Veil terminated by an incomplete 
 ring, fugacious. Gills white, then pallid, adnate, somewhat crowded. 
 Flesh whitish, reddish in the St., thin. Spores "tawny orange, elliptic- 
 fusiform, 10 x 5fi " Massee. Woods, and on logs. Oct. Rare. 
 
 991. F. fusus (Batsch) Fr. Fusus, a spindle. 
 P. 5-9 cm., somewhat brick colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, 
 
 smooth, slightly viscid. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, firm, attenuated 
 downwards in a fusiform manner, rooting, fibrillosely striate. Cortina 
 manifest, appendiculate. Gills pallid, or light yellow, then ferruginous, 
 sometimes becoming green grey, subdecurrent, not very crowded. Flesh 
 pallid, becoming yellowish, compact, firm. Spores dingy ferruginous, 
 subelliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /LI. Cystidia "flask-shaped or clavate with a
 
 318 FLAMMULA 
 
 prominent point, 30-36 x 10-15/i, filled with olive yellow juice" 
 Rick. Taste mild. Gregarious. On the ground, and on stumps. Sept. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. superba Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 478, t. 434. Superba, splendid. 
 Differs from the type in the bright deep orange p. with darker disc, 
 the pale orange st., the bright yellow gills, and the reddish tinge of the 
 flesh. On the ground. Nov. Rare. 
 
 992. P. astragalina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 117, fig. 2. 
 
 aa-Tpaya\ivos, a goldfinch. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., blood saffron, or golden flesh colour, darker at the disc, 
 pale at the circumference, fleshy, convex, or lens-shaped, then flattened, 
 obtuse, somewhat moist in rainy weather, smooth, at first superficially- 
 silky round the margin with the very thin, adpressed, whitish veil. St. 
 5-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, or paler, equal, or attenuated down- 
 wards, flexuose, floccosely fibrillose. Cortina white, manifest, appen- 
 diculate. Gills pallid light yellow, concolorous with the p. at the base, 
 adnate, broad, crowded, edge obtuse, flocculose when young. Flesh 
 concolorous, becoming black when wounded, or bruised, firm. Spores 
 pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6 x 3-4/n, 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 "clavate-lanceolate, 50-75 x 12-15/u,, filled with olive brown juice" 
 Rick. Taste bitter. Subcaespitose. Pine and fir stumps, and dead 
 branches. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 993. F. rubicundula Rea. Grevillea, xxn (1894), t. 185, fig. 2. 
 
 Rubicundula, somewhat ruddy. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm., yellow, then tinged with red, at length tawny orange, 
 fleshy, convex, then plane, often splitting at the margin, viscid at 
 first and innately fibrillose, soon becoming smooth ; margin at first 
 veiled. St. 5-6 x 1-5-2-5 cm., whitish, then tinged with red and be- 
 coming red at the base, equal, or attenuated downwards, fibrillose below 
 the veil, apex white mealy. Veil white, then yellowish and at length 
 reddening. Gills light ochre, then ferruginous, adnate with a sinus, or 
 adnato-decurrent, often forming a ring-like zone at the apex of the 
 st., often separating, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded; edge unequal, tinged 
 red with age or when bruised. Flesh bright yellow, then lighter. Spores 
 ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5/i, 1-2-guttulate. Taste acrid. The 
 whole plant becoming reddish with age, or when touched. Woods, 
 under scrub oak. July Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 994. F. alnicola Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 480, t. 443. 
 
 Alnus, alder; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., yellow, at length becoming ferruginous, and sometimes 
 green, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, slimy when moist, at 
 first superficially fibrillose towards the margin. St. 4-9 cm. x 6-
 
 FLAMMULA 319 
 
 12 mm., yellow, becoming ferruginous, attenuato-rooting, sometimes 
 subbulbous at the base, commonly curved, flexuose, fibrillose. Cor- 
 tina concolorous, either fibrillose, or woven into an arachnoid veil. 
 Gills dingy pallid, then ferruginous, somewhat adnate, broad, plane. 
 Flesh concolorous, thick at the disc, not very compact. Spores ferru- 
 ginous, elliptical, 9 x 4-5/x,, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia flask-shaped, 
 40-50 x 7-15jt*. Taste bitter. Often fasciculate. On stumps, and 
 trunks. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. salicicola Fr. Salix, willow; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 Differs from the type in the glabrous, rarely at the first fioccosely 
 squamulose, gibbous p., and the gills being at first yellowish pallid. On 
 willow. Sept. Rare. 
 
 995. P. flavida (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 481, t. 444. 
 
 Flavida, light yellowish. 
 
 P. 2-5-12-5 cm., bright light yellow, fleshy, convex, then expanded, 
 obtuse, smooth, moist, generally regular. St. 4-9 cm. x 6-10 mm., 
 light yellow, becoming ferruginous towards the base, either attenuated, 
 or thickened downwards, subflexuose, fibrillose. Cortina white, mani- 
 fest, woven, adhering to the margin of the p., rarely almost forming 
 a ring. Gills whitish, then light yellow, at length tawny ferruginous, 
 adnate, not much crowded. Flesh white, becoming light yellow, thin 
 at the margin. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 5-8 x 4/u,, 
 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia "clavate, 36-40 x 8-9 p., filled with golden 
 yellow juice" Rick. Caespitose. On trunks, stumps, and buried 
 wood. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 996. F. inaurata W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 482, t. 477. 
 
 Inaurata, gilded. 
 
 Entirely sulphur yellow. P. 2-3 cm., fleshy, convex, then expanded, 
 moist, smooth, furnished with a distinct veil. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 4 mm., 
 incurved, clothed with innate scales. Veil slight, fibrillose, fugitive. 
 Gills pale yellowish clay colour, adnate with a decurrent tooth, broad. 
 Flesh yellowish, ferruginous at base of the st. Taste mild. Single, 
 or caespitose. Willows. Nov. Rare. 
 
 997. F. conissans Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 483, t. 445. KOVIS, dust. 
 P. 1-7-5 cm., light yellowish tan, fleshy, hemispherico-expanded, 
 
 obtuse, or umbilicate, moist, smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-10 mm., be- 
 coming light yellow white, equal, or attenuated downwards, often 
 compressed, irregular, twisted, silky, base white- villose. Cortina 
 white, silky-fibrillose, appendiculate. Gills whitish, then fuscous clay 
 colour, adnate with a decurrent tooth, linear, 3-4 mm. broad, very 
 crowded. Flesh white, or pale yellow, equal, 2 mm. thick. Spores 
 dark ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 4 /A. Cystidia "on edge of gill
 
 320 FLAMMULA 
 
 filamentous-clavate, subcapitate, or undulating, 3645 x 5-7 /u." Rick. 
 Smell acid. Densely caespitose. Woods, dead stumps, and on willows. 
 Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 998. F. inopus Fr. (= Flammula fusus (Batsch) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. 
 
 Icon. t. 118, fig. 1. 45, a fibre; TTOV<}, foot. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., honey tan, or reddish tan, paler round the margin, 
 fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, slippery (almost viscid) when 
 moist, and smooth when dry. St. 7-25 cm. x 2-10 mm., pallid, 
 brick colour downwards, equal, or slightly enlarged before continuing 
 into the long, tapering, rooting base, tough, flexuose, adpressedly fibril- 
 lose. Cortina fugacious. Gills pale yellowish white, sometimes green, then 
 becoming purplish, adnate, emarginate, 46 mm. broad, thin, crowded. 
 Flesh concolorous, becoming whitish, ferruginous in the st., thin at the 
 margin. Spores purple, broadly elliptical, 8 x 5/z, 1-guttulate. Soli- 
 tary, or caespitose. Pine trunks, and stumps. May Dec. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 999. P. apicrea Fr. (=Flammula alnicola Fr. var. salicicola Fr. sec. 
 
 Quel.) Cke. Ulus. no. 485, t. 436. a-jrucpos, not bitter. 
 
 P. 3-7-5 cm., dingy orange, or deep tawny, disc darker, fleshy, con- 
 vex, then expanded and almost plane, gibbous, or obtusely umbonate, 
 smooth, moist; margin often splitting. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-10 mm., 
 pallid, ferruginous downwards, equal, or attenuated downwards, 
 covered with ferruginous fibrils, somewhat striate. Gills ferruginous, 
 shining, adnate, or sinuate, 45 mm. broad, thin, crowded, edge often 
 uneven. Flesh yellow, tawny under the cuticle of the p., and ferruginous 
 in the base of the st., thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 
 8 x 5/i, 2-3-guttulate. Taste mild. Subcaespitose. Stumps, base of 
 trees, and deal boards. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1000. F. carnosa Massee. Carnosa, fleshy. 
 P. 2-3-5 cm., dull tawny orange, very fleshy, soon expanded, broadly 
 
 gibbous, edge remaining more or less incurved for some time, even, 
 smooth. St. 5-7-5 cm., concolorous, subequal, fibrous. Gills rust 
 coloured, powdered with the spores, slightly decurrent, thin, some- 
 what crowded. Flesh yellowish, compact, 1 cm. or more thick at the 
 disc, thin at the extreme edge. Spores brown, elliptical, 7 x 5/x. 
 Tufted in small clusters. On wood. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1001. F. azyma Fr. a 17105, unleavened. 
 P. 2-3 cm., ferruginous, tan colour when dry, fleshy, convex, then 
 
 plane, obtuse, smooth when in full vigour, becoming silky and rimosely 
 squamulose when dry. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, or paler, 
 firm, somewhat equal, often curved, or flexuose, slightly fibrillose, 
 base white woolly. Cortina fugacious, sometimes forming a ring-like
 
 FLAMMULA 321 
 
 zone on the st. Gills yellowish, then ferruginous, broadly adnate, con- 
 nected behind, 4 mm. broad, subdistant, edge whitish. Flesh yellowish, 
 ferruginous under the cuticle of the p., and in the st., thin at the margin. 
 Spores ferruginous, navicular, 8-9 x 5/Lt, 1 multi-guttulate, "sub- 
 verrucose. Cystidia on edge of gill ventricose-subulate, 36-45 x 8- 
 9/i" Rick. Taste mild. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. On Tilia 
 cordata, Pyrus Malus, and rotten wood. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 IV. P. scarcely pelliculose, flesh scissile, or torn above into scales, 
 not viscid, at first somewhat hoary. Veil fibrillosely adpressed 
 to the st., not furnished with an appendiculate cortina, almost 
 none, or forming an annular zone on the st. Gills light yellow, 
 or yellow, then tawny. Spores ochraceous, or tawny. Subcaespi- 
 tose, always on conifers, or on the ground amongst conifer 
 branches. 
 
 1002. P. penetrans Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 118, fig. 2. Penetrans, penetrating. 
 P. 5-8 cm., yellowish tawny, or golden, becoming pale and yellowish, 
 
 fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, often irregular, dry, smooth, hoary 
 under a lens when young. St. 5 cm. x 6-10 mm., pallid, or yellowish 
 becoming pale, firm, somewhat equal, base white villous and often 
 rooting, sometimes fusiform when on the ground, silky, striate with 
 tawny fibrils. Cortina white, flocculose, submembranaceous, very 
 fugacious. Gills whitish, then pale yellow, spotted tawny when old, 
 adnate, emarginate, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish ("pale 
 sulphur yellow" Quel.), thick at the disc. Spores ochraceous, ellip- 
 tical, "8-9 x 4 5/x" Sacc. Taste bitter. Gregarious. Coniferous 
 stumps, and humus. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1003. F. hybrida Fr. Hybrida, a mongrel. 
 P. 4-5 cm., tawny cinnamon, then tawny orange, fleshy, hemi- 
 spherical, with the margin involute, then expanded, obtuse, regular, 
 well formed, smooth, moist. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 5-10 mm., becoming 
 tawny, equal, or attenuated upwards, somewhat striate, apex often 
 somewhat mealy, base white villous. Cortina white, at length coloured 
 with the ferruginous spores, manifest, forming a ring at the apex of the 
 st. Gills light yellow, then tawny, adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh 
 pallid, or yellow, moderately compact. Spores ferruginous, oblong- 
 elliptical, 9 x 4 fj,, "roughish. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous, 
 subcapitate, 45-50 x 4-6 /A" Rick. Taste bitter. Growing in troops. 
 On fir stumps, and fallen branches. Aug. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1004. F. sapinea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 118, fig. 3. 
 
 Sapinea, pertaining to a fir tree. 
 
 P. 2-5-10 cm., golden tawny, opaque at the disc, paler and shining 
 towards the margin, fleshy, hemispherical, then convexo-plane, very 
 
 E. B. B. 21
 
 322 FLAMMULA 
 
 obtuse, dry, covered with thin, squamulose, adpressed fioccules, often 
 rimosely scaly, with a few remnants of the yellowish cortina at the 
 margin. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-12 mm., becoming yellow pallid, turning 
 fuscous when bruised, irregularly shaped, often compressed, very 
 fleshy, fibrous, sulcate, or lacunose, naked, often rooting at the base. 
 Gills golden, at length tawny-cinnamon, adnate, plane, 8 mm. broad, 
 crowded. Flesh becoming yellow, thick, firm, but at length soft, not 
 scissile. Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /*, "roughish. 
 Cystidia ventricose-fusiform, 36 x 9/u" Rick. Smell strong, taste 
 often bitter. Subcaespitose. Coniferous stumps, branches, and saw- 
 dust. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. terrestris Fr. Terrestris, pertaining to the earth. 
 
 Differs from the type in the long, fusiform st. Growing on coniferous 
 humus. 
 
 1005. F. liquiritiae (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 119, fig. 1. 
 
 Liquiritia, liquorice. 
 
 P. 2-5-7-5 cm., bay brown, or orange tawny, becoming pale, fleshy, 
 convex, then flattened, subumbonate, very smooth, moist; margin at 
 length flaccid, slightly striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-6 mm.* tawny, then 
 ferruginous, attenuated upwards, often unequal, curved, striate, some- 
 what naked, or obsoletely pruinose at the apex, base thickened and 
 villose. Cortina none. Gills golden, then tawny, obtusely adnate, 
 sometimes rounded, separating, 6 mm. broad, plane, crowded. Flesh 
 yellow, yellow tawny in the st., thin, scissile. Spores ochraceous, "sub- 
 elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/Lt. Cystidia on edge of gill subcylindrical, slightly 
 ventricose-capitate, 30-40 x 6-9 /u," Rick. Taste slightly bitter, then 
 sweet like liquorice. Subcaespitose. Fir stumps, rarely pine. Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 1006. F. picrea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 119, fig. 2. Triicpos, bitter. 
 P. 2-3 cm., rufous, or bay brown cinnamon, becoming pale and tawny, 
 
 fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, regular, smooth, rarely 
 rimuloso-papillate, moist in rainy weather. St. 57-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., 
 umber, slightly attenuated upwards, tense and straight, white-pul- 
 verulent when young. Cortina none. Gills yellow, then ferruginous, 
 adnate, or decurrent and separating, ascending, narrow, 1-2 mm. 
 broad. Flesh concolorous, very thin, not easily scissile. Spores ferru- 
 ginous, "elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6/x" Schroet. Taste acid. Caespitose. 
 Pine stumps, and old deal boards. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 V. Furnished with a cortina. Cuticle of the p. slightly 
 silky, dry, or at the first viscid. 
 
 1007. F. tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. (= Paxillus tricholoma (A. & S.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 444, t. 404, fig. B, as Inocybe tricholoma 
 A. & S. Qpi%, hair; Xo/xa, fringe.
 
 FLAMMULA 323 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., whitish, fleshy, orbicular, rather plane, depressed in the 
 centre, fibrillose with white, adpressed, fugacious hairs, viscid when 
 moist, shining when dry; margin fringed with strigose hairs. St. 2-5- 
 7-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., whitish, slightly attenuated upwards, fibrillosely 
 scaly at the apex, often becoming reddish in places. Gills whitish, be- 
 coming pallid fuscous, then clay fuscous, decurrent, 1-2 mm. broad, 
 thin, crowded. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores pale ochraceous, 
 globose, 3-5/A, minutely verrucose. Cystidia none. Woods. Sept. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1008. F. strigiceps Fr. (= Paxillus tricholoma (A. & S.) Quel.) 
 
 Strix, a furrow; caput, head. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., obsoletely rufescent, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse, then 
 plane, dry, silky with long, strigose hairs; margin at first involute, 
 fringed with long, defiexed ciliate hairs. St. 3-5 cm. x 4 mm., white, 
 equal, firm, densely villose, especially when young. Gills whitish, 
 becoming fuscous, adnato-decurrent, arcuate, crowded. Beech woods. 
 Eare. 
 
 1009. F. helomorpha Fr. (= Paxillus helomorphus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 120, fig. 4. ^Xo<?, a nail; fj,op<j>ij, form. 
 
 P. 13 cm., white, fleshy, convexo-plane, gibbous, or with a broad, 
 obtuse, prominent umbo, often angular, viscid, becoming adpressedly 
 fibrilloso-even when dry; margin thin, unequal, inflexed, naked. St. 
 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, equal, or not perceptibly attenuated 
 from the base, sometimes enlarged upwards, ascending from the 
 incurved base, adpressedly silky, or pruinose upwards under a lens, 
 smooth. Gills whitish, scarcely clay colour, plano-decurrent, 1-2 mm. 
 broad, very crowded. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores pale 
 ochraceous, globose, 4-5/Lt, minutely verrucose. Fir woods. Oct. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1010. F. scamba Fr. (= Paxillus scambus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 1. 120, 
 fig. 3. o-tfa/a/309, crooked. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., whitish, then clay white, fleshy, convex, then plane and 
 depressed, sometimes umbonate, slightly silky, viscid in wet weather 
 when young, soon becoming dry and opaque. St. 1-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 whitish, equal, curved ascending, fiocculose, or sprinkled with white 
 mealy squamules, base pubescent, sometimes attenuated and becoming 
 ferruginous downwards. Gills light yellow clay colour, adnate, or sub- 
 decurrent, somewhat repand, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores 
 pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9 x 5/A. Pine woods, and on larch 
 branches. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1011. F. ochrochlora Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 120, fig. 2. 
 
 e3^po<?, pale; x\<op6<;, green. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., straw colour, becoming greenish, fleshy, convex, then 
 I 21-2
 
 324 FLAMMULA. GOMPHIDIUS 
 
 plane, obtusely umbonate, dry, silky, squamulose. St. 5-6 cm. x 4- 
 10 mm., yellowish, becoming ferruginous towards the base, attenuated 
 upwards, often curved, or flexuose, squamulose and white fioccose. 
 Cortina white, manifest, Hypholoma-like. Gills whitish, then becoming 
 greenish, and at length olivaceous, adnate, or somewhat sinuate, 2- 
 
 4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming greenish, and ferru- 
 ginous at the base of the st. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/u,, 
 1-2-guttulate. Caespitose. On old trunks, and buried wood. Aug. 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1012. F. filicea Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 491, t. 450. Filix, a fern. 
 P. 2-4 cm., deep yellow, disc tawny orange, fleshy, convex, then 
 
 plane, or slightly depressed, minutely squamuloso-fibrillose. St. 3- 
 
 5 cm. x 3 mm., sulphur yellow, base often tawny, equal, almost smooth. 
 Veil reddish, adhering to the st. and the margin of the p. in fugacious 
 fragments. Gills sulphur yellow, then tawny cinnamon, adnate, 3 mm. 
 broad, crowded. Flesh sulphur yellow, thin. Old tree fern stems. 
 Spring and summer. Rare. 
 
 F . chrysophylla (Fr.) Quel. = Omphalia chrysophylla Fr. 
 
 Spores greenish fuscous, or blackish; gills mucilaginous. 
 
 Gomphidius Fr. 
 (<y6fj,<f)os, a large wedge-shaped nail.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, viscid. Stem central, fleshy. Gills decurrent, 
 mucilaginous. Spores fuscous, olivaceous, or blackish, fusiform, or 
 oblong, smooth, continuous. Cystidia cylindrical, projecting. Grow- 
 ing on the ground. 
 
 1013. G. glutinosus (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 74, no. 165. 
 
 Glutinosus, glutinous. 
 
 P. 5-12-5 cm., purple fuscous, or fuscous, often mottled with black 
 spots, fleshy, convex, obtuse, at length plane, smooth, very glutinous. 
 St. 5-10 x 1-2 cm., whitish, yellow at the base, equal, thickened, or 
 attenuated at the base, glutinous, fibrillose, sometimes with black 
 scales. Cortina annular, fugacious. Gills whitish, then cinereous, 
 deeply decurrent, forked, distant, mucilaginous, 6-8 mm. broad. 
 Flesh white, yellow towards the base of the stem, thick. Spores deep 
 olivaceous, spindle-shaped, 18-24 x 5-6/z, 4-5-guttulate. Cystidia 
 "cylindrical, 130-160 x 12-16/Li" Rick. Taste bitter. Coniferous 
 woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1014. G. roseus (Fr.) Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 857, t. 880. 
 
 Roseus, rose-coloured. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., rose, or rose-red colour, convexo-plane, obconical, obtuse, 
 at length sometimes depressed, slightly glutinous. St. 3-5 x 1-
 
 
 GOMPHIDIUS 325 
 
 1-5 cm., white, often tinged with rose at the base, attenuated downwards. 
 Cortina thin, slightly glutinous. Gills whitish cinereous, then olivaceous, 
 decurrent, 4-5 mm. broad, distant, forked. Flesh white, rosy under 
 the cuticle and at the base of the st. Spores pale greyish olivaceous, 
 fusiform, 15-17 x 4-5 /i, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia "cylindrical, 90- 
 160 x 12-15 fj." Kick. Taste pleasant. Coniferous woods, and under 
 conifers. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1015. G. viscidus (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Elus. no. 858, t. 881. 
 
 Viscidus, viscid. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., fuscous rufous, fleshy, campanulate, or obconical, then 
 expanded, umbonate, slightly viscid, paler and shining when dry. 
 St. 7-12 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, paler, yellowish at the base, equal, or 
 attenuated downwards, fibrillosely scaly, slightly viscid. Cortina 
 floccose, forming a fugacious ring. Gills olivaceous, then fuscous 
 purple, deeply decurrent, distant, often branched, edge often paler. 
 Flesh reddish, deep yellow in the lower two-thirds of the st. Spores 
 brownish olivaceous, subfusiform, 18-22 x 6-7 /x, 3-guttulate. Cys- 
 tidia obtusely cylindrical, apex often subcapitate, 135150 x 15 17/u,. 
 Taste mild, often slightly astringent. Edible, indigestible to some 
 people. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. July Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 var. testaceus Fr. Testaceus, brick-red. 
 
 Differs from the type in the brick-red colour of the flatter p., and base 
 of st. both externally and internally. Coniferous woods, and under 
 conifers. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1016. G. maculatus (Scop.) Fr. (= Gomphidius gracilis B. & Br. sec. 
 Quel.) Maculatus, spotted. 
 
 P. 36 cm., reddish brown, disc paler, often spotted with black, and 
 becoming black at the edge, campanulate, or obconic, then plane, 
 glutinous. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, yellow at the base, becoming 
 blackish when touched, ventricose downwards, expanding into the p. 
 at the apex, floccose, slightly viscid. Gills white cinereous, then 
 olivaceous, deeply decurrent, often forked, somewhat crowded. Flesh 
 whitish, stained bistre in the p. and yellow towards the base of the st., 
 thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores olivaceous, fusiform, 
 somewhat blunt at the end, 17-20 x 6/z, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia 
 obtusely cylindrical, or fusiform, 120 -140 x 18-20/A. Coniferous 
 woods, and under conifers. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. Cookei Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 859, t. 882, as Gomphidius macu- 
 latus Scop. var. M. C. Cooke, the eminent mycologist, 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, with black stains especially near the margin, 
 convex, then subdepressed, or gibbous, viscid. St. 6-8 x 1 cm., pale 
 above, becoming blackish towards the base, attenuated upwards. Gills
 
 326 GOMPHIDIUS. COLLYBIA 
 
 whitish, then brownish, decurrent, distant. Flesh pallid, blackish at the 
 base of the St., thick at the disc, very thin at the margin. Spores 
 brownish, fusiform, 20 x 5-6jU, 1-guttulate. Woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1017. G. gracilis B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 860, t. 883. 
 
 Gracilis, slender. 
 
 P. 2*5 5 cm., pale vinous brown, or dingy tan colour, conico-hemi- 
 spherical, clothed with dingy gluten, at length spotted with black, 
 especially near the margin, the spots often forming an irregular black 
 border. St. 4-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., pale above, yellow at the base, and 
 often becoming blackish, slightly attenuated downwards, flexuose, apex 
 white squamulose, virgate below with the remains of the gluten. Gills 
 whitish cinereous, decurrent, arched, forked, thick, obtuse, clothed 
 (under a lens] with short, washy bistre hairs. Flesh white, yellow, or 
 reddish at the base of the st., thin at the margin. Spores dingy olive, 
 or brown, fusiform, 18-19 x 5 7/z, 2-3-guttulate. Fir woods, and 
 heaths. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 C. Pileus confluent with, but heterogeneous from, 
 
 the cartilaginous stem. 
 *Gills adnate, or sinuato-adnate. 
 
 |Margin of pileus at first incurved, or exceeding the gills. 
 Spores white. 
 Collybia Fr. 
 
 (Ko\\v/3o<;, a small coin.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, membranaceous, regular; margin incurved. Stem 
 central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, adnexed, or free. Spores white, 
 rarely yellowish, greenish, or brownish red; elliptical, globose, oblong, 
 pip-shaped; smooth, verrucose, punctate, or echinulate; continuous. 
 Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, or on wood; 
 solitary, or caespitose. 
 
 a. St. stout, sulcate, or fibrillosely striate. 
 
 A. Gills white, or brightly coloured, not cinereous. Flesh often white. 
 *Gills broad, subdistant. 
 
 1018. C. radicata (Relh.) Berk. Holland, Champ, t. 45, no. 98. 
 
 Radicata, rooted. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., fuscous-olivaceous, bistre, or whitish, fleshy, thin, con- 
 vex, then flattened, gibbous, often irregular, glutinous, radiato-rugose. 
 St. 10-20 x -5 cm., white, or paler than the p., attenuated upwards, 
 and downwards from the level of the soil, and forming a long tail-like 
 fusiform root, smooth, at length striato-sulcate, cuticle cartilaginous,
 
 COLLYBIA 327 
 
 often twisted. Grills shining white, sometimes bistre at the edge, attenu- 
 ated behind, and adfixed, often with a decurrent tooth, at length 
 somewhat separating, ventricose, distant, rather thick. Flesh white, 
 thin, soft, elastic. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 14-15 x 8-9/x,, 
 1-guttulate; "cystidia inflated, cylindric-sack-shaped, 20/x, broad" 
 Lange. Woods, and pastures. June Nov. Common. 
 
 1019. C. retigera Bres. (= Collybia pkxipes (Fr.) Quel.) Bres. Fung. 
 Trid. t. 4. Rete, a net; gero, I bear. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., fuscous cinereous, becoming pale, disc somewhat tawny, 
 fleshy, thin, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, reticulated with 
 swollen, pale, anastomosing veins, especially when old, dry, smooth; 
 margin striate. St. 4-6 cm. x 5-7 mm., livid-pallid, equal, somewhat 
 rooting, often compressed, white-fibrillose. Gills cinereous, edge paler, 
 fimbriate, rounded behind, almost free, broad, ventricose, somewhat 
 crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin, soft, somewhat watery. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 7 x 5-6ja. Beech stumps. Dec. Uncommon. 
 
 1020. C. Henriettae W. G. Sm. Henrietta Smith. 
 P. 10 cm., somewhat yellowish umber, convex, then expanded, dry, 
 
 even, somewhat downy. St. 18-19 cm. x 6-7 mm., pale pallid yellowish 
 brown, darker below, attenuated upwards, even, slightly rooting, sub- 
 pruinose. Gills broadly adnate, slightly rounded behind, broad, 
 distant. Flesh very thin, pale pallid yellowish brown in the st. Spores 
 white, 18 x 12/x. On and about trees, stumps, etc. Sept. Un- 
 common. 
 
 1021. C. longipes (Bull.) Berk. (= Marasmius longipes (BuU.) Quel.) 
 
 Longus, long; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., pale brown, fleshy, thin, conico-expanded, then plane, 
 umbonate, dry, somewhat velvety-villous. St. 8-12 cm. x 6-8 mm., 
 dark brown, attenuated upwards, with a long fusiform root, velvety, 
 at length sulcate. Gills milk white, free, rounded behind, very distant, 
 ventricose. Flesh white, yellowish in the stem, firm. Spores white, 
 globose, 12-15//,. Cystidia "very sparse, cylindrical-subulate, 50- 
 60 x 8-lOju," Rick. Taste nutty. Edible. Heaths, and pastures. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. badia Lucand. Badia, bay brown. 
 
 Differs from the type in being thinner and smaller, and in the deep 
 chestnut brown p. and st. covered with long, bay brown, shining hairs. 
 Spores globose, 10-11/i. Hedgerows. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1022. C. eriocephala Rea. epiov, wool; Ke<f)a\rj, head. 
 P. 3-6 cm., fulvous tawny, convex, then expanded, velvety; margin 
 
 involute. St. 4-7 x -5-1-5 cm., concolorous, paler above, fusiform, 
 extending into the long, branched, rhizomorphoid, brown mycelium,
 
 328 COLLYBIA 
 
 striate, only slightly velvety at the thickest part. Gills deep ochre, 
 sinuato-adnate, 5-8 mm. broad, distant. Flesh pale, then yellowish, 
 somewhat rufous at the base of the st., thick at the disc, firm. Spores 
 white, oblong, 7-8 x 3-4/n, 1-2-guttulate. Caespitose. Interior of a 
 rotten elm stump, and in timber yards. Sept. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1023. C. platyphylla (Pers.) Fr. (= Collybia grammocephala (Bull.) 
 Quel.; Collybia platyphylla var. repens Fr.) Holland, Champ, 
 t. 47, no. 101, as Collybia grammocephala. 
 
 7rA.aTU9, broad; $v\\ov, leaf. 
 
 P. 5-20 cm., fuscous, or cinereous, becoming whitish, fleshy mem- 
 branaceous, thin, fragile, convex, soon flattened, obtuse, watery when 
 moist, streaked with bistre fibrils. St. 7-12 x 1-2 cm., whitish, equal, 
 fibrillosely striate, apex sometimes pruinose, arising from a network of 
 white, creeping, string-like mycelium. Gills white, obliquely truncate 
 behind, slightly adnexed, very broad, 10-15 mm., distant, soft. Flesh 
 white, thin at the margin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 8-10 x 6- 
 8fji, 1-guttulate; "cystidia sack-shaped-club-shaped, 14/A broad" 
 Lange. Woods. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1024. C. fumosa (Pers.) Quel. (= Collybia semitalis Fr. sec. Quel. : 
 Tricholoma immundum Berk. sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. 
 t. 156. Fumosa, smoky. 
 
 P. 3-9 cm., pitch black, lurid grey, or smoky greyish, becoming paler 
 and spotted fuscous, fleshy, convexo-campanulate, then expanded and 
 depressed, silky, then smooth; margin undulate, finally splitting. St. 
 4-8 x -5-1-5 cm., concolorous, or paler, subequal, subcartilaginous, 
 somewhat fibrillosely striate, base sometimes bulbous. Gills greyish- 
 cinereous, rounded behind, or truncate and free, veined at the sides, 
 spotted with black when touched. Flesh cinereous, becoming whitish, 
 thick at the disc. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /z, 1-guttulate. Smell 
 rancid, taste bitterish. Caespitose. Woods, and pastures. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1025. C. crassifolia (Berk.) Bres. (= Tricholoma crassifolium Berk.) 
 Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 157. Crassus, thick; folium, leaf. 
 
 P. 4-7 cm., lurid ochraceous, disc fuscous, becoming concolorous, 
 fleshy, convex, or campanulate and umbonate, then expanded and 
 depressed silky, becoming smooth; margin undulate, or lobed. St. 
 2-5-5 x -5-1-5 cm., white, becoming fuscous, often attenuated at the 
 base, pruinose, becoming smooth, round, or compressed, subcarti- 
 laginous. Gills whitish-grey, becoming bluish and finally blackish when 
 touched, rounded behind, adnexed, sometimes forked, distant, broad, 
 thick, fleshy. Flesh white, spotted black when broken, thick at the disc. 
 Spores white, globose, 5-7 /x, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, rancid, taste 
 mild. Coniferous woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 COLLYBIA 329 
 
 1026. C. semitalis Fr. (= CollyUa fumosa (Pers.) Quel.) Bres. Fung. 
 Trid. t. 158. Semitalis, pertaining to footpaths. 
 
 P. 37 cm., whitish fuliginous, or fuscous, becoming pale cinereous 
 yellow, or isabelline when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, convex, or con- 
 vexo-campanulate, then expanded and umbonate, or depressed, 
 smooth, moist, sometimes innately fibrillose; margin striate. St. 
 3-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, becoming fuscous, subequal, fibrillose, base 
 white-strigose. Gills white, becoming yellowish, and finally spotted black 
 when touched, adnate, or sinuato-adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh 
 white, becoming black when broken, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 7-8 x 3-4/z, pointed at one end, 1-guttulate. Smell rancid, taste 
 bitterish. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1027. C. fusipes (Bull.) Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 185, t. 141. 
 
 Fusus, a spindle ; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 4-10 cm., rufescent reddish brown, or liver colour, becoming pale, 
 or dingy tan, fleshy, convex, then flattened, umbonate, the umbo 
 evanescent, smooth, dry, often splitting. St. 7-15 x 1 cm., concolorous, 
 very cartilaginous, swollen, ventricose in the middle, attenuated at both 
 ends, often twisted, longitudinally striato-sulcate, fusiformly attenuated 
 at the base and blackish, often arising from the remains of under- 
 ground stems of a previous year's growth, the so-called sclerotium 
 of Leveille. Gills whitish, becoming concolorous and often spotted, 
 annulato-adnexed, soon separating, free, broad, distant, firm, con- 
 nected by veins, crisped. Flesh concolorous, becoming whitish, firm. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/M. Cystidia filiform, flexuose, 
 clavate, 10-44 x 1-2/z. Taste mild. Edible. Caespitose, at the base 
 of oaks and on old stumps. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. oedematopus (Schaeff.) Fr. Bulliard, t. 76, as Agaricusfusiformis. 
 
 oiBrjfj,a, a swelling; TTOVS, foot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the rufous date brown, conical, then plane, 
 pulverulent p., the pulverulent, very ventricose stem, and the pallid gills. 
 Stumps. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. contorta (Bull.) Gill. & Lucand. Bulliard, t. 36. 
 
 Contorta, twisted together. 
 
 Differs from the type in the equal, contorted stems, connate at the 
 base, the white, crowded gills, and the deeper coloured, thinner p. Stumps. 
 
 1028. C. lancipes Fr. Lancea, a spear; pes, foot. 
 P. 4-7 cm., pale reddish brown, or flesh colour, becoming paler, often 
 
 white at the striate margin, fleshy, convex, then plane, often umbonate, 
 radiately rugose, smooth. St. 4-10 cm. x 5-12 mm., concolorous, or 
 paler, equal, attenuated at the base, striate, tivisted. Gills pale flesh
 
 330 COLLYBIA 
 
 colour, or yellowish, emarginate, adnexed, becoming free, broad, thick, 
 distant, often connected by veins. Flesh whitish, reddish under tJie 
 cuticle. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6 x 4ju,, 1-2-guttulate. Taste mild. 
 Edible. On the ground, and near stumps. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 **Gills narrow, crowded. 
 
 1029. C. maculate (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 186, t. 142. 
 
 Maculata, spotted. 
 
 P. 7-12 cm., white, then spotted rufescent, rarely becoming wholly 
 rufescent, fleshy, very compact, convexo-plane, obtuse, repand, 
 smooth; margin thin, involute at first. St. 7-12 x 1-2 cm., white, 
 spotted rufescent, somewhat ventricose, attenuated downwards to the 
 praemorse base, hard, externally cartilaginous, striate. Gills cream 
 colour, often spotted rufescent, emarginato-free, linear, 2-4 mm. broad,. 
 very crowded, denticulate. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores white, sub- 
 globose, 5-6/z, punctate. Cystidia none. Smell pleasant, or none. 
 Taste unpleasant, bitter. Beech, and pine woods. May Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. immaculate Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 187, t. 221. 
 
 Immaculata, unspotted. 
 
 Differs from the type in not being spotted, and in the broader gills. 
 Pine woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. scorzonerea (Batsch) Fr. Scorzon, a serpent. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, and in becoming yellowish, 
 in the long, rooting often flexuose St., and the yellowish gills. Beech 
 woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1030. C. fodiens Kalchbr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 36, fig. 2. 
 
 Fodiens, digging, 
 
 P. 5-8, flesh colour, becoming yellowish, disc darker yellow, fleshy, 
 firm, convex, obtuse, smooth; margin involute. St. 10-12 cm. x 10- 
 12 mm., white, firm, subventricose, often longitudinally ribbed, smooth, 
 attenuated downwards in a long root deeply sunk in the ground. Gills 
 yellowish white, emarginate, rounded behind, narrow, crowded. Flesh 
 yellowish, thick at the disc, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 /z, 
 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Grassy places. Oct. Uncom- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 1031. C. prolixa (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Prolixa, stretched out. 
 P. 5-12 cm., brick-red ferruginous, becoming paler, fleshy, fragile, 
 
 convex, then plane, gibbous, lax, smooth, margin often irregular. 
 St. 10 x 1-3 cm., brick-red, firm, subequal, sulcate, often scrobiculate, 
 minutely pubescent, fibrillose, base praemorse. Gills white, free,
 
 
 COLLYBIA 331 
 
 crowded. Flesh, white, rather thick. Spores white, "subglobose, 3-4 /JL, 
 smooth" Rick. In dense clusters on leaf heaps. Aug. Sept. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1032. C. distorta Fr. Distorta, twisted. 
 P. 5-9 cm., bay brown, becoming pale, fleshy, thin, convex, then 
 
 expanded, umbonate, very lax, smooth. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., pallid, 
 fragile, externally cartilaginous, attenuated upwards from the tomen- 
 tose base, contorted, sulcate. Gills white, then spotted rubiginous, 
 slightly adnexed, crowded, somewhat linear, toothed. Flesh white, 
 reddish under the cuticle of the p. and in the centre of the stem, thin. 
 Spores white, broadly elliptical, 5-6 x 4-5/*, 3-4-guttulate. Gre- 
 garious, or growing in rings. Pine woods. July Nov. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1033. C. butyracea (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 189, t. 143. 
 
 Butyracea, buttery. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., rufous brown, fuscous livid, bistre, or bay, becoming pale 
 and almost white when dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, more or 
 less umbonate, smooth, greasy. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., rufous, or bistre, 
 conico-attenuated upwards from the swollen, white-tomentose base, 
 cuticle rigid, cartilaginous, striate, smooth, rarely villous. Gills white, 
 slightly adnexed, somewhat free, broad, thin, crowded, crenulate. 
 Flesh pinkish, or pale brown, becoming whitish, soft, watery, with a 
 horn-like line at the base of the gills. Spores white, elliptical, 9x4- 
 5/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Woods, heaths, and hilly pastures. 
 Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. bibulosa Massee. Bibulosa, sodden. 
 
 Differs from the type in the dingy olive p. 
 var. aurorea (Larb.) Fr. Aurorea, like the dawn. 
 
 Differs from the type in the thinner p., and striate margin. 
 C. phaeopodia (Bull.) Fr. = Tricholoma phaeopodium (Bull.) Quel. 
 
 1034. C. stridula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 62, lower figs. Stridula, creaking. 
 P. 3-6 cm., blackish, or fuliginous, becoming pale, fleshy, soft, con- 
 vex, then plane, slightly umbonate, smooth, moist, or slightly viscid, 
 hygrophanous. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, cylindrical, rigid, 
 but fragile, subcartilaginous, fibrillosely striate, base thickened, prae- 
 morse. Gills white, arcuato-adnexed, crowded, broad. Flesh brown, 
 then whitish, soft. Spores white, "8-10 x 4/z" Sacc. On the ground. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 1035. C. pulla (Schaeff.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 1. 
 
 Pulla, dusky. 
 P. 3-6 cm., purplish bay, nearly black, becoming paler when dry,
 
 332 COLLYBIA 
 
 fleshy, thin, fragile, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, 
 hygrophanous. St. 6-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish, equal, twisted, some- 
 what striate, apex mealy, attenuated at the praemorse base. Gills 
 whitish, adnexed, rather broad, transversely pellucid- striate and veined, 
 crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 
 10 x 6-7 /A. Smell none, or strong of garlic. Caespitose, or solitary. 
 Birch stumps. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1036. C. xylophila (Weinm.) Fr. (= Mycena rugosa Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 Fr. Icon. t. 63, lower figs. v\ov, wood; <tXo<?, loving. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., whitish, or becoming fuscous tan at the disc, slightly 
 fleshy, campanulate, lax, obtuse, or with a minute umbo, then ex- 
 panded, broadly gibbous, smooth, moist ; margin often rimosely split. 
 St. 4-8 cm. x 5-8 mm., whitish, equal, often flexuose, fibrillosely 
 striate. Gills white, adnate, often decurrent with a small tooth, very 
 narrow, 2 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh becoming watery fuscous, 
 thin, fragile. Spores white, "elliptical, 4 x 2-5/x" Massee. Caespitose. 
 Old stumps. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ft. St. thin, velvety, floccose, or pruinose. 
 *Gills broad, subdistant. 
 
 1037. C. velutipes (Curt.) Fr. (= Pleurotus velutipes (Curt.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 191, t. 184, fig. A. Vellus, a fleece; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 2-10 cm.., fulvous, or tawny, sometimes paler at the margin, fleshy, 
 convex, soon becoming plane, often excentric, irregular and repand, 
 smooth, viscid; margin spreading, at length slightly striate. St. 5- 
 10 cm. x 4-8 mm., lemon yellow, then umber and blackish, equal, often 
 ascending, or twisted, tough, cartilaginous, densely velvety. Gills 
 pallid yellow, becoming tawny, broader and rounded behind, slightly 
 adnexed, subdistant, very unequal. Flesh yellowish, thin at the margin, 
 watery, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/x,, 1-2-guttulate. 
 "Cystidia conic, rather acute, almost subulate, 8-12;u, broad, pro- 
 truding part 18-30 /u- long" Lange. Taste and smell very pleasant. 
 Edible. Caespitose. On old stumps, fallen trunks, and pales. Aug. 
 April. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lactea Quel. Lactea, milk-white. 
 
 Differs from the type in being creamy white. Stumps. Oct. (v.v.) 
 
 var. rubescens Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1141, t. 650. 
 
 Rubescens, becoming reddish. 
 
 Differs from the type in the bright ferruginous brown p., the darker 
 blackish cinnamon St., and the gills becoming spotted with brown. 
 Amongst fir leaves.
 
 COLLYBIA 333 
 
 1038. C. laxipes (Batt.) Fr. (= Marasmius laxipes (Batt.) Quel.) 
 Quel. Jur. et Vosg. n, t. 2, fig. 2. Laxus, loose; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., whitish, often yellowish at the disc, slightly fleshy, con- 
 vexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, moist, sometimes striate. St. 6-12 cm. 
 x 2-4 mm., rufous, lax, stiff, velvety, apex white pruinose, channelled, 
 and twisted when dry. Gills milk white, separating free, broad, ventri- 
 cose, distant. Flesh white, rufous in the st., thin. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, 5-6 x 3/i, 1-guttulate. Amongst pine chips, twigs, and on 
 wood. Feb. Sept. Not common, (v.v.) 
 
 1039. C. mimica W. G. Sm. Cke. IUus.no. 192, 1. 129. Mimica, mimic. 
 P. 2-4 cm., pale yellow-buff, disc brownish buff, slightly fleshy, 
 
 plane, smooth, with a thin separable cuticle. St. 5 cm. x 3-4 mm., 
 deep brown, apex yellow buff and smooth, or slightly pruinose, base 
 fibrillose, fibrillosely striate in the middle. Gills dingy ochraceous, 
 very broad, subdistant. Flesh rufous, very thin. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, 8 x 4-5/u,. Smell and taste strong, like fish. Amongst deal 
 shavings. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 1040. C. floccipes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1142, t. 1168. 
 
 Floccus, a flock of wool; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., fuliginous black, becoming livid, rather fleshy, campanu- 
 late, then convex, umbonate, smooth. St. 3-5 cm. x 23 mm., pallid, 
 equal, straight, rooting, rough with black, punctiform, fioccose scales. 
 Gills white, adnexed, ventricose, thick, subdistant. Flesh white, greyish 
 under the cuticle of the p., thin. Spores " white, subglobose, promi- 
 nently apiculate, 56 x 4 5fj,. Cystidia abundant, narrowly lan- 
 ceolate, 60-90 x 7-11/i, apex subobtuse " Kauffm. On the ground, 
 and about trunks, in beech woods. Sept. Rare. 
 C. undata Berk. = Marasmius undatus (Berk.) Quel. 
 C. vertirugis Cke. = Marasmius undatus (Berk.) Quel. 
 C. stipitaria Fr. = Crinipellis stipitarius (Fr.) Pat. 
 
 1041. C. leucomyosotis Cke. & Smith. Cke. Illus. no. 1144, t. 651. 
 
 \evfc6s, white; Myosotis, the Forget-me-not. 
 P. 2'5 3 cm., pale mouse-grey, disc darker, paler at the margin, the 
 whole plant becoming pallid, almost white when dry, fleshy, convex, then 
 expanded, sometimes obtusely umbonate; margin faintly striate. 
 St. 10-13 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, equal, very brittle, apex slightly 
 pruinose, base white, obtuse. Gills white, adnate, sinuate behind, 
 thick, subdistant. Flesh dingy, rather thick. Spores white, elliptical, 
 6-7 x 4/i, 1-guttulate. Cystidia flask-shaped, apex obtuse, 3-3'5^t 
 in. diam., 25-30 x 7/i. Smell strong, rather fragrant. On Sphagnum 
 in bogs. May Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ** Gills very narrow, crowded. 
 C. hariolorum (DC.) Fr. = Marasmius hariolorum (DC.) Quel.
 
 334 COLLYBIA 
 
 C. confiuens (Pers.) Fr. = Marasmius hariolorum (DC.) Quel. 
 C. ingrata (Schum.) Fr. = Marasmius ingratus (Schum.) Quel. 
 C. esculenta (Wulf.) Fr. = Marasmius esculentus (Wulf.) Karst. 
 C. conigena (Pers.) Bres. = Marasmius conigenus (Pers.) Karst. 
 
 1042. C. cirrhata (Schum.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 68, fig. 1. Cirrata, curled. 
 P. -5-1 cm., white, disc rufescent, or ochraceous, slightly fleshy, 
 
 conico-eonvex, then plane, umbilicato-depressed, and often with a 
 small central protuberance, slightly silky, at length very delicately, and 
 often concentrically rivulose. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 1 mm., pallid, filiform, 
 flexuose, white-pulverulent, rooted with a fibrillose twisted tail. Gills 
 white, adnate, at length occasionally separating, linear, very narrow, 
 very unequal, crowded. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, 4-5 x 2-3/x. Amongst leaves and on bare ground. Aug. Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1043. C. tuberosa (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 23, as Agaricus 
 tuberosus. Tuberosa, having a swelling. 
 
 P. 4-12 mm., white, disc ochraceous, slightly fleshy, convex, then 
 plane, umbonate, slightly silky, becoming smooth, opaque. St. 1-5- 
 3 cm. x 1 mm., white, or rufescent, equal, commonly ascending, 
 pruinose, arising from a purple brownish, or ochraceous, pear-shaped 
 or roundish lobed sclerotium. Flesh whitish, or reddish becoming whitish, 
 very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 2-5-3 /x, punctate. Cystidia 
 "on edge of gill scattered, filamentous" Rick. On dead Agarics, 
 chiefly Russula adusta, Russula nigricans, Lactarius vellereus, Poly- 
 porus squamosus and Hydnei. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1044. C. racemosa (Pers.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 287. 
 
 Racemosa, clustered. 
 
 P. 5-8 mm., grey, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, often 
 imperfectly formed, papillate, tomentose, striate. St. 3-5 cm. x 1 mm., 
 grey, springing from a swollen black sclerotium, racemose with simple, 
 small, capitate hairs, which are globose at the apex, hyaline, glutinous, 
 and are really oblong, 12-15/x long, guttulate, greenish conidia. 
 Gills concolorous, adnate, very narrow, crowded. Spores "oval, in- 
 curved, 5/x, minutely echinulate, greyish " Quel. On the ground, and 
 rotten fungi. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 7. St. thin, glabrous. 
 *Gills broad, rather distant. 
 
 1045. C. cofflna (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 198, t. 205. 
 
 Collina, belonging to hills. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., pale fuscous, or pale tan, fleshy-membranaceous, cam- 
 panulate, then expanded and often umbonate, smooth, subviscid, striate 
 when moist, shining when dry. St. 7-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid
 
 COLLYBIA 335 
 
 whitish, or cream colour, subequal, or slightly attenuated upwards, 
 somewhat fragile, smooth, apex mealy, base pubescent, praemorse. 
 Gills whitish, adnexed, then free, broad, lax, often veined at the base, 
 subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, "pruniform, 10/u,, 
 1-guttulate" Quel. Smell like burnt meat. Edible. Beech stumps, 
 and forming rings in pastures and on grassy slopes. May Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 1046. C. thelephora Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1143, t. 1167. 
 
 #77X7;, a nipple; <f>epa), I bear. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., pale dingy ochraceous, disc darker, slightly fleshy, cam- 
 panulate, lax, with a small, acute, papillate umbo, then expanded and 
 wavy, often depressed round the umbo, smooth, slightly striate; 
 margin at first incurved. St. 6-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., purplish brown at 
 the base, paler upwards, equal, smooth. Gills whitish, adnate, narrower 
 in front, 3 mm. broad, thin, rather crowded. Flesh pinkish, thin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 9 x Ip. Gregarious. Peat bogs, and partly 
 dried up Sphagnum swamps. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 1047. C. ventricosa (BuU.) Fr. Bulliard, t. 411, fig. 1. 
 
 Ventricosa, ventricose. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., tan, or isabelline, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, 
 umbonate, smooth; margin slightly striate. St. 6-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 concolorous, or rufescent, base ventricose and attenuated into a long, 
 slender, tapering root, smooth. Gills rufescent, arcuato-adfixed, ventri- 
 cose, subdistant, undulate. Flesh white, thin. Spores white. Soli- 
 tary, or gregarious. Woods. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1048. C. Stevensonii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 199, t. 145, fig. B. 
 
 Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist. 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., pallid yellow, slightly fleshy, semi-ovate, obtuse, viscid, 
 here and there spotted by the viscous matter. St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., 
 slightly rufous, attenuated at the base into a somewhat long, thread-like 
 root deeply immersed in the soil, fibrillose, pulverulent upwards. Gills 
 white, adnate with a decurrent tooth, subventricose, very broad, dis- 
 tant. Flesh white, reddish in the st., thin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 10-11 x 7-8 ju-. Old pastures. Aug. Rare. 
 
 1049. C. psathyroides Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 200, t. 266. 
 
 Psathyra, the genus Psathrya', etSo?, like. 
 
 Entirely ivory white. P. 2-5 cm. high, 18 mm. broad, slightly fleshy, 
 campanulate, obtuse, rather viscid; margin regular, even. St. 7- 
 10 cm. x 3-4 mm., equal, straight, rather tough. Gills adnate with 
 a decurrent tooth, very broad, 6-8 mm., triangular, subdistant. Flesh 
 whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 15 x 7/z. On the ground in 
 woods. Oct. Rare.
 
 336 COLLYBIA 
 
 1050. C. xanthopus Fr. %av06<;, yellow; TTOV<;, foot. 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., tan, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, 
 
 then expanded, lax, umbonate, smooth, dry; margin at length spread- 
 ing, slightly striate. St. 6-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., tawny yellow, equal, 
 tough, smooth, strigosely rooting at the base. Gills whitish, truncate 
 behind, adnexed, then free, very broad, crowded, lax. Flesh white, 
 yellowish under the cuticle of the p., rufous in the St., thin. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 5 x 3jti, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "flask-shaped, 45-50 x 10- 
 15/x " Rick. On stumps, and amongst leaves, chiefly in pine woods. 
 July Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1051. C. nitellina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 65, figs. 1, 2. 
 
 Nitellina, belonging to a dormouse. 
 
 P. 1-5-4 cm., tawny, or brick tawny, becoming tan colour when dry, 
 submembranaceous, convexo-plane, obtuse, often umbonate, elastic, 
 flaccid, hygrophanous, smooth, polished, somewhat rugulose under a 
 lens, pellucido-striate when moist. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 3-5 mm.., ferru- 
 ginous tawny, becoming yellow when dry, equal, flexuose, cartilaginous, 
 shining, polished, apex often pruinose, base white villous. Gills 
 whitish, or citron yellow, then, flesh colour, adnate, very obtuse behind, 
 broad, attenuated in front, somewhat crowded, often undulate. Flesh 
 concolorous, thin. Spores "bright brownish red in the mass, yellowish 
 under the microscope, elliptical, with a basal apiculus, 7-8 x 4-5/i, or 
 sometimes 10 x 5//,, 1-many-guttulate, warted" Rene Maire. Smell 
 strong, rancid, or "like melon" Quel. Taste mild. Edible. Forming 
 rings on the ground in coniferous woods. May Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1052. C. succinea Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 203, t. 151, upper figs. 
 
 Succinea, of amber. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., rufous, or brown fuscous, becoming pale, fleshy, thin, 
 convex, then flattened, obtuse, at length depressed and unequal, 
 rimosely split when dry, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-5 mm., rufescent, 
 apex paler, equal, attenuated at the base, tough, smooth, shining, 
 sometimes arising from nodules of compact mycelium. Gills cream 
 colour, adnate, obtuse behind, very broad, rather thick, not much 
 crowded, delicately toothed. Flesh reddish, thin. Spores white, pip- 
 shaped, 7-8 x 4/n, depressed on one side, multi-guttulate. Cystidia 
 none. Solitary or gregarious in coniferous woods and under conifers. 
 May Aug. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1053. C. nummularia (Lam.) Fr. Cke. IUus. no. 203, t. 151, lower figs. 
 
 Nummularia, like a coin. 
 
 P. 1^4 cm., whitish, or very pale ochre, becoming white, tinged yellow at 
 the umbilicate disc, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, orbicular, then 
 depressed round the obsolete umbo, hygrophanous, smooth. St. 3-5 cm. 
 x 3-4 mm., whitish, attenuated downwards to the bulbous, tomentose
 
 COLLYBIA 337 
 
 base, curved, tough, smooth. Gills white, free, subdistant, narrow, 
 minutely toothed. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7x4- 
 5/i. In troops, in mixed woods. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 C. tenacella (Pers.) Fr. = Marasmius conigenus (Pers.) Karst. 
 C. tenacella (Pers.) Fr. var. stolonifera (Jungh.) = Marasmius coni- 
 genus (Pers.) Karst. 
 
 1054. C. planipes (Brig.) Fr. Planus, flat; pes, foot. 
 P. 2-3 cm., bay, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, orbicular, somewhat 
 
 viscid, smooth; margin paler, crenate. St. 3cm. x 2-3 mm., con- 
 colorous, equal, compressed, rooting. Gills whitish, free, ventricose. 
 Spores white. Caespitose. Woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 **Gills narrow, crowded. 
 
 1055. C. acervata Fr. (= Collybia enjthropus (Pers.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 
 t. 64, lower figs. Acervata, heaped up. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., reddish flesh colour, whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, 
 convex, then flattened, obtuse, or at length gibbous ; margin at first 
 involute, at length flattened and slightly striate. St. 5-10 cm. x 2- 
 5 mm., rufous, sometimes brown, rigid-fragile, slightly attenuated up- 
 wards, rarely compressed, very smooth, base white-tomentose. Gills 
 flesh colour, then whitish, adnexed, soon free, linear, narrow, plane, 
 very crowded. Flesh pallid, reddish in the St., thin. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4/A. Caespitoso-fasciculate. Pine stumps. Aug. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. = Marasmius dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. 
 C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. funicularis Fr. = Marasmius dryophilus 
 (Bull.) Karst. var. funicularis (Fr.) Rea. 
 
 C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. aurata Quel. = Marasmius dryophilus 
 (Bull.) Karst. var. auratus (Quel.) Rea. 
 
 C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. oedipus Quel. = Marasmius dryophilus 
 (Bull.) Karst. var. oedipus (Quel.) Rea. 
 
 C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. alvearis Cke. = Marasmius dryophilus 
 (Bull.) Karst. var. alvearis (Cke.) Rea. 
 
 C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. aquosa (Bull.) Quel. = Marasmius dryo- 
 philus (Bull.) Karst. var. aquosus (Bull.) Rea. 
 
 1056. C. extuberans (Batt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 202, t. 146, as Collybia 
 nitellina Fr. Extuberans, swelling out. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., rufous fuscous, bay brown, occasionally becoming pale, 
 slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened, orbicular, at length depressed 
 round the prominent umbo, smooth, slightly viscid when moist. St. 
 4-5 cm. x 3-5 mm., concolorous, or paler, equal, tense and straight, 
 
 R. B. B. 22
 
 338 OOLLYBIA 
 
 smooth, shining, base attenuated and rooting. Gills white, then cream 
 colour, somewhat free, reaching the st. with a small tooth, crowded, 
 narrow, plane. Flesh reddish, becoming white, thin. Spores white, 
 pip-shaped, 6 x 3/z, ("yellowish" Quel). Smell pleasant, or none. 
 Edible. On the ground, and on trunks, in pastures, and coniferous 
 woods. May Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 C. exsculpta Fr. = Marasmius exsculptus (Fr.) Rea. 
 
 1057. C. luteifolia Gillet. Luteus, yellow; folia, leaves. 
 P. 3-5 cm., reddish, or cinnamon, becoming paler and white or 
 
 whitish, slightly fleshy, convex, soon plane, smooth, glabrous; margin 
 often lobed, irregular. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, 
 smooth. Gills sulphur yellow, free, rounded at the base, pointed at 
 the margin, very crowded. Flesh white, reddish in the st. Taste pleasant. 
 Woods, and parks. Rare. 
 
 1058. C. macilenta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 66, fig. 1. Macilenta, lean. 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., dark yellow, bright yellow at the margin, slightly fleshy, 
 
 convex, then plane, obtuse, orbicular, smooth, dry. St. 4 cm. x 2- 
 
 3 mm., concolorous, or bright light yellow, becoming brownish at the 
 fibrillose, rooting base, tough, cartilaginous, flexuose, smooth. Gills 
 pure yellow, separating- free, narrow, linear, very crowded, very unequal. 
 Flesh yellow, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4^i. " Cystidia hair- 
 shaped, subnodulose or wavy' ; Lange. Amongst pine needles. 
 Autumn. Rare. 
 
 C. clavus (Linn.) Fr. = Mycena clavus (Linn.) Rea. 
 
 1059. C. ocellata Fr. (= Collybia cirrhata (Schum.) Quel. var. ocel- 
 lata (Fr.) Rene Maire.) Cke. lilus. no. 209, t. 147, middle figs. 
 
 Ocellata, having little eyes. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., whitish, fuscous, rufous, or yellowish at the depressed, 
 eye-like, umbonate disc, slightly fleshy, conico-convex, then plane, 
 smooth ; margin crenulate. St. 3-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, becoming 
 yellowish, or fuscous, equal, filiform, tough, smooth, often pruinose, 
 base fibrillose and rooting. Gills white, adnate, at length separating, 
 crowded, the alternate ones shorter. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 5 x 3/u.. Amongst mosses, and Jungermannia in woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1060. C. muscigena (Schum.) Fr. (= Mycena musdgena (Schum.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 209, t. 147, lowest figs. 
 
 Muscus, moss; yiyvopai,, to be born. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 3-6 mm., submembranaceous, pellucid, globoso- 
 hemispherical, then flattened, obtuse, smooth, withering up. St. 3- 
 
 4 cm. x 1 mm., capillary, flexuose, flaccid, smooth, base attenuated,
 
 COLLYBIA 339 
 
 rooting. Grills adnate, linear, somewhat crowded, the alternate ones 
 shorter. Flesh very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /u, minutely 
 echinulate. Amongst moss, and short grass. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 JW;.) 
 
 C. ludia Fr. = Mycena lactea (Pers.) Fr. var. pithya (Pers.) Fr. 
 B. Gills becoming cinereous. Hygrophanous. 
 8. P. fuscous, or becoming cinereous. 
 *Gills crowded, rather narrow. 
 
 1061. C. rancida Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 210, t. 153, upper figs. 
 
 Rancida, stinking. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., lead colour, or fuliginous, disc blackish, or fuscous, at 
 first covered with a delicate, silky, white pruina, then becoming paler, 
 slightly fleshy-cartilaginous, tough, convex, then plane, broadly and 
 obtusely umbonate, smooth, viscid when very wet. St. 715 cm. x 4 
 6 mm., livid, becoming greyish, rigid, equal, tense and straight, smooth, 
 attenuated at the base into a long, fusiform, villous root. Gills dark 
 cinereous, somewhat pruinose, free, crowded, narrow, but ventricose. 
 Flesh greyish, thin at the margin. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 
 9-10 x 4-5/x, 1-2-guttulate, minutely punctate. Smell like rancid 
 meal. Woods, and hedgerows. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1062. C. eustygia Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1146, t. 1185. 
 
 ev, truly; crrvyia, belonging to the nether world. 
 P. 3-5 cm., dingy white, disc a little darker, shining when dry, fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, sometimes depressed, sometimes wavy, smooth. 
 St. 5-8 cm., white above, sprinkled with small punctate scales, darker 
 below and often becoming sooty, attenuated downwards into a rooting 
 base, often curved, somewhat longitudinally striate, or fibrous. Gills 
 dark grey, rounded behind, adnexed, or almost free, rather broad, 
 not crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, globose, 
 4r-5fj,. Smell like rancid meal. The whole plant becoming black in 
 drying. On the ground. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1063. C. coracina Fr. Kopa^, a raven. 
 P. 24 cm., fuscous and shining, becoming grey and opaque when dry, 
 
 somewhat fleshy-cartilaginous, convexo-expanded, umbonate, or de- 
 pressed, often irregular and undulate, smooth, hygrophanous', margin 
 sometimes wrinkled. St. 2-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., becoming fuscous, very 
 cartilaginous, tough, rigid, at length fragile, often compressed, or 
 twisted, apex mealy with white squamules, attenuated downwards to 
 the swollen base. Gills whitish grey, obtusely adnate, separating-free, 
 broad chiefly behind, scarcely crowded, distinct, then connected by 
 veins. Flesh white, scissile, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/A, 
 punctate, 1-guttulate ("greenish" Quel.). Smell strong of new meal. 
 Grassy places, and fir plantations. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 222
 
 340 COLLYBIA 
 
 1064. C. ozes Fr. ofa, I have a smell. 
 P. 23 cm., grey-fuscous, becoming clay-fuscous, pallid when dry, 
 
 slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, umbonate, hygrophanous, smooth; 
 margin striate when moist. St. 611 cm. x 2 mm., fuliginous grey, 
 equal, or scarcely attenuated from the base, lax, flexuose, fragile, 
 slightly striate, containing a pith when young, apex white mealy. Gills 
 fuliginous-olivaceous, adnate, subventricose, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded 
 often veined. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/x, smooth. Cystidia 
 none" Rick. Smell strong of new meal. On the ground and on pine 
 needles. Feb. Rare. 
 
 1065. C. mephitica Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 14. 
 
 Mephitis, a noxious exhalation from the ground. 
 P. 1-5-4 cm., greyish ochre, becoming whitish, fleshy, convex, sub- 
 umbonate, hygrophanous, smooth, dry, adpressedly and innately silky. 
 St. 5-7 cm. x 2-5 mm., grey, filiform, equal, rigid, pruinosely velvety 
 with white fiocci, base enlarged, covered with the white mycelium. 
 Gills grey, obtusely adnate, separating from the St., attenuated in 
 front, 47 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 4/z. Smell strong of new meal. Amongst pine needles 
 in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1066. C. inolens Fr. Inolescens, growing in. 
 
 P. 25 cm., livid, becoming pale tan and slightly silky when dry, but 
 opaque, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, then plane, obtusely and 
 broadly umbonate, hygrophanous, very smooth ; margin inflexed, then 
 expanded, striate, undulate. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-8 mm., concolorous, be- 
 coming pale when dry, rigid, equal, often compressed, undulated, apex 
 white-squamulose, base white- strigose. Gills grey, adfixed, separating, 
 somewhat free, linear, or slightly ventricose, 24 mm. broad. Flesh 
 greyish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4 5/*, 1-guttulate. Smell 
 of new meal. Pine woods, and under conifers. Sept. Nov. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1067. C. plexipes Fr. (= Collybia retigera Bres. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 211, t. 154, lower figs. Plexus, twisted; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., blackish, whitish at the margin, becoming fuliginous livid, 
 fleshy-membranaceous, campanulate, umbonate, somewhat wrinkled, 
 slightly striate. St. 7-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., livid, cartilaginous, equal, 
 covered with a network of silky-fibrils, slightly striate, base shortly, 
 and bluntly rooted. Gills white, then glaucous, free, very much 
 attenuated behind, ventricose, somewhat crowded. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 8-9 x 5^. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Nov. Un-
 
 COLLYBIA 341 
 
 1068. C. atrata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 212, t. 155, upper figs. 
 
 Atrata, clothed in black. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., pitch-black and shining, becoming fuscous when dry, 
 slightly fleshy, firm, piano-depressed at the disc, convex at the margin, 
 orbicular, smooth, viscid when very wet. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 3-7 mm., 
 fuscous, very cartilaginous, tough, equal, or thickened upwards, round, 
 smooth. Gills whitish, then grey, becoming fuscous, adnate, scarcely 
 decurrent, arcuate, then plane, rather broad, subdistant. Flesh 
 fuscous, especially in the St., thin. Spores white, globose, 5/n, with a 
 large central gutta. Smell none, or strong, and unpleasant. Charcoal 
 heaps, and burnt soil. July Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1069. C. ambusta Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 212, t. 155, lower figs. 
 
 Ambusta, scorched. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous, becoming greyish, submembranaceous, convex, 
 then plane, at length depressed, umbonate with a minute papilla, 
 smooth, becoming slightly striate. St. 2-3 cm., concolorous, cartila- 
 ginous, tense, straight, pruinose when young. Gills pallid, becoming 
 fuscous, adnate, with a decurrent tooth, lanceolate, plane, crowded. 
 Flesh becoming whitish, thin. Spores white, globose, 5/x, very minutely 
 warted, "4-5-angled" Rick. Burnt soil, and charcoal heaps. July 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 **Gills broad, rather distant. 
 
 1070. C. lacerata (Lasch) Berk. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 19. 
 
 Lacerata, torn to pieces. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm.., fuscous fuliginous, becoming pale, fleshy-membranaceous, 
 campanulate, then convex and umbilicate, somewhat moist, streaked 
 with fuscous lines; margin fimbriately torn, splitting with age. St. 
 4-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, equal, at length compressed, fibrillosely 
 striate, firm, often twisted, apex floccoso-pruinose, base white-tomen- 
 tose, somewhat rooting. Gills white-grey, rounded behind, adnate, 
 broad, thick, somewhat crowded, or distant. Flesh greyish white, 
 thin, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 /z, 1-guttulate, "sub-granu- 
 lar" Rick. Caespitose. Fir woods, often on stumps. Autumn. Rare. 
 
 1071. C. murina (Batsch) Fr. Murina, of mice. 
 P. 3-4 cm., fuscous brown, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, campanu- 
 
 lato-convex, then expanded, obtuse, or umbilicate, slightly wrinkled, 
 or very thinly squamulose, tough; margin at first involute. St. 5-8 cm. 
 x 3-4 mm., white, becoming cinereous, equal, tense, straight, delicately 
 fibrillose, apex flocculose when young, base pubescent. Gills white, 
 becoming cinereous, attenuato-adnexed, very broad, almost obovate, 
 rather thick, distant. Flesh greyish white, thin, tough. Spores 
 white, " subfusiform-elliptical, 8-9 x 3-4/u," Rick. Woods, and 
 under oaks. Oct. Uncommon.
 
 342 COLLYBIA 
 
 1072. C. protracta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 67, fig. 2. Protracta, drawn out. 
 P. 2 cm., grey-fuscous, shining, submembranaceous, convexo-plane, 
 
 disc depressed, often with a little central umbo; margin paler, striate. 
 St. 15-16 cm. x 2-3 mm,, livid grey, very cartilaginous, tense, straight, 
 smooth, attenuated at the base into a tapering, subterranean, strigosely 
 fibrous root. Gills grey, delicately white-pruinose, adfixed, very ventri- 
 cose, as if truncate behind, very broad, 6 mm., subdistant. Spores 
 white, "elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6 /x," Bres. Mossy ground near stumps in 
 fir woods. Aug. Nov. Rare. 
 
 1073. C. tesquorum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 70, .fig. 3. Tesqua, deserts. 
 P. 6-10 mm., fuscous black, becoming pale, fleshy-membranaceous, 
 
 slightly firm, convex, very obtuse, smooth. St. 2-4 cm. x 2 mm., 
 fuscous, somewhat filiform, equal, flexuose, smooth, apex mealy. Gills 
 cinereous fuscous, free, very ventricose, 4 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh 
 concolorous, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 78 x 5-6jLt, 
 echinulate. Waste ground, and open pastures. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1074. C. clusilis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 215, t. 247, lower figs. 
 
 Clusilis, easily closing. 
 
 P. 1-3-5 cm., livid, becoming pale, grey clay colour when dry, sub- 
 membranaceous, rather plane, disc depressed, or broadly umbilicate, 
 very much sloped downwards towards the margin, smooth, soft, 
 fragile; margin at first incurved, slightly striate when moist. St. 
 4 cm. x 2 mm., livid, cartilaginous, soft, flexile, equal, smooth, 
 polished, stuffed with a white floccose pith. Gills white, becoming cream 
 colour, adnate, plane, with a decurrent tooth, 4-8 mm. broad, in the 
 form of a segment, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, thin at the margin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5^,, with a large central gutta. 
 Amongst moss and grass on heaths, and hillsides. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1075. C. tylicolor Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 215, t. 247, upper figs. 
 
 Tylus, a crustacean allied to the woodlouse; color, colour. 
 P. 1-3 cm., grey cinereous, slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened, 
 subumbonate, smooth, opaque. St. 2-5 cm. x 2 mm., grey, somewhat 
 fragile, equal, whitish-pulverulent. Gills grey, paler than the p., free, 
 broad, plane, distant, rather thick. Spores white, "oval, 5-5-6 x 3-3-5/Lt, 
 minutely echinulate" Sacc. Deciduous woods amongst grass. Oct. 
 Eare. 
 
 Introduced species. 
 
 1076. C. Dorotheas Berk. Lady Dorothy Neville. 
 P. 2-3 cm., dark brown, becoming paler, globose, then flatly hemi- 
 spherical, at length expanded, slightly umbonate, finally de- 
 pressed, radiately sulcate almost to the disc, granulated, covered with
 
 COLLYBIA. LEPTONIA 343 
 
 short, white bristles pointing in every direction when young; margin 
 crenate. St. 5-6 cm. x 2 mm., brownish, white below, becoming white 
 above and yellowish or rufous below, granulated, covered with white 
 bristles, base with a minute disc-like swelling. Gills white, adnexed, 
 slightly ventricose, connected behind, distant. Dead fern stems in a 
 hot-house. Eare. 
 
 1077. C. caldarii Berk. Caldarium, a hot bath. 
 P. 1215 mm., brown, hemispherical, umbonate, rugose. St. 45 cm. 
 
 x 2 mm., paler, cartilaginous, smooth. Gills somewhat ash-coloured, 
 adnato-decurrent, interstices veined near the margin. On Sphagnum in 
 an orchid pot. Eare. 
 
 Spores pink. 
 
 Leptonia Fr. 
 
 (Xe7TT09, thin.) 
 
 Pileus slightly fleshy, regular; margin incurved. Stem central, 
 cartilaginous. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores pink, 
 angular, elliptical, subglobose, or oblong; continuous. Cystidia 
 rarely present. Growing on the ground, or on wood. 
 
 *Gills whitish. P. slightly fleshy. 
 
 1078. L. placida Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 97, fig. 1. Placida, gentle. 
 P. 2-3 cm., grey, becoming bluish, disc densely villose, blackish, fleshy 
 
 membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, squamulose with 
 dark concentric scales and dark fuliginous black fibrils. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 
 2-6 mm., dark azure-blue, or black-blue, equal, very rigid; apex thick- 
 ened, white pruinose and black-dotted. Gills whitish, then purplish, 
 adnexed, very broad behind, plane crowded. Flesh brownish in the 
 pileus, bluish in the stem. Spores pink, "angular, 7-12 x 6-7 /u," 
 Herpell. On and near beech, and fir stumps. Sept. Oct. Eare. 
 
 1079. L. anatina (Lasch) Fr. Anatina, belonging to a duck. 
 
 P. 3-4 cm., greyish fuscous, somewhat fleshy, conico-campanulate, 
 broadly umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose and squamulose, often 
 rimose. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., blue, equal, or attenuated down wards, 
 at first pruinose, then squamoso-fibrillose, apex smooth, base white- 
 villose. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnexed, then separating, 
 broad, ventricose. Flesh bluish, becoming whitish. Spores pink, 
 angular, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 9-10/u,, 1-2-guttulate. Heaths, 
 and pastures. July Oct. Uncommon, (v v.) 
 
 1080. L. lappula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 97, fig. 2. Lappa, a bur. 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., grey, somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, convexo-plane, 
 
 umbilicate, flocculoso-soft, then roughish with short erect fibrils, which
 
 344 LEPTONIA 
 
 become Hack and crowded on the disc. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., fuscous 
 lilac, or dark purple, equal, moderately tough, striate and black-dotted 
 upwards under a lens, base white- villose. Gills whitish-grey, then pur- 
 plish, adnate with a small tooth, then separating, plane, very broad, 
 ovate, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pink, "angular, elliptical, 12/u," 
 Quel. Amongst beech leaves. July Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1081. L. Reaae Maire. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11. 
 
 Mrs E. A. Rea, the artist who has made many original 
 
 paintings of fungi. 
 
 P. -5-1 cm., dark blackish blue, convex, then expanded, submem- 
 branaceous disc fleshy, not, or only slightly hygrophanous, rarely 
 umbonate or papillate at maturity; margin slightly incurved, then 
 expanded and sometimes substriate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-5 mm., deep 
 blue, or blue black, then often vinous, equal, flexuose, wavy, shining, ob- 
 soletely whitish mealy at the apex. Gills whitish then greyish-pink, 
 broadly and deeply sinuate, narrowly adnate, then free, somewhat 
 crowded, short, broad. Flesh vinous. Spores pink, obsoletely polygonal, 
 subglobose, 8-10 x 7-8/4, including the apiculus, containing many oil 
 drops. Pastures. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1082. L. lampropus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 353, t. 331. 
 
 Xa/ix7rpo9, bright; TTOI;?, foot. 
 
 P. 13 cm., mouse colour, or steel-blue, then fuliginous-grey, some- 
 what fleshy, convex, then expanded and depressed, becoming more or 
 less squamulose. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 24 mm., becoming azure-blue, com- 
 monly steel-blue-violaceous, cartilaginous. Gills whitish, then slightly 
 rose colour, adnate, readily separating, then free, ventricose. Flesh 
 bluish. Spores pink, angular, broadly elliptical, 9 x 7/z, 1-guttulate, 
 with somewhat rounded angles. Heaths, and pastures. July Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. cyanulus (Lasch) Fr. icvavos, dark blue. 
 
 Differs from the type in the more slender, membranaceous, blackish- 
 blue, subumbilicate, fioccosely-villose p., the capillary, pruinose st., and 
 the glaucous, then flesh colour, adnate, distant gills. On the ground 
 near alders. 
 
 1083. L. aethiops Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 97, fig. 3. al6ioty, an Ethiop. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., black, then fuliginous, slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, 
 streaked with fibrils, shining when dry. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., fuscous 
 blackish, black dotted upwards. Gills whitish, then purplish, adnexed, 
 or adnate, linear, or ventricose. Flesh whitish. Spores pink, angular, 
 9-10 x 6/Lt, 1-guttulate. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Not un- 
 common. (v.v.)
 
 LEPTONIA 345 
 
 1084. L. solstitialis Fr. Solstitialis, belonging to midsummer. 
 P. 1-3 cm., becoming fuscous, slightly fleshy, at length depressed, 
 
 papillate in the centre, slightly wrinkled, obsoletely innato-fibrillose. St. 
 2-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., smoke colour. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, 
 emarginate, broad. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 10 x 7/u,, 1-guttu- 
 late. Pastures, and amongst stones. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 **Gills at the first azure-blue, or slightly dark-blue. 
 
 1085. L. serrulata (Pers.) Fr. Serrula, a small saw. 
 P. 1-3 cm., blackish-blue (shining when dry), fuliginous when old 
 
 or in wet weather, and then slightly striate, slightly fleshy, convex, 
 umbilicato-depressed, squamulose, or fibrillose. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., 
 paler than the p., cartilaginous, equal, apex black dotted, base white- 
 woolly. Gills bluish-grey-whitish, then grey flesh colour, adnate, in 
 the form of a segment, broad in the middle; edge black, serrulate. 
 Flesh whitish. Spores pink, angular, 8-11 x 7/u,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 "pale grey, fasciculate, clavate, 11-12/x broad" Lange. Woods, 
 and pastures. June Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Berkeley! Maire. Cke. Illus. no. 355, t. 333, as Leptonia serrulata 
 Fr. Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of British mycology. 
 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., whitish with a lilac tinge, umbilicate, slightly sprinkled 
 with fibrils; margin vaulted. St. 7-10 cm. x 3mm., whitish with a 
 lilac tinge, flexuose, smooth. Gills salmon colour, broad, adnate, little 
 or not serrulate. Flesh whitish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 11-12 x 
 6-7 IJL, 1-2-guttulate. Pastures. July Sept. Not uncommon (v.v.) 
 var. laevipes Maire. Laevis, smooth ; pes, foot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the smooth (not black dotted) apex of the stem. 
 Woods, and pastures. July Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1086. L. euchroa (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 98. 
 
 e#%pco<?, well coloured. 
 
 P. 1-4-5 cm., violaceous, then purple-fuliginous, slightly fleshy, con- 
 vex, obtuse, squamuloso-fibrillose. St. 2-6 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, 
 equal, fibrillosely mealy especially at the apex, tough; base white, 
 hairy. Gills dark violaceous, becoming pale, the edge retaining the darker 
 colour, adnate, ventricose. Flesh bluish. Spores pink, angular, 
 10-15 x 7-9/i. On stumps, and branches of alder, hazel, and birch. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1087. L. chalybaea (Pers.) Fr. %aXwf , steel. 
 P. 2-3 cm., dark violaceous, or blackish blue, slightly fleshy, convex, 
 
 subumbonate, flocculose, then squamulose. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., dark 
 blue, cartilaginous, slightly firm. Gills bluish-grey-whitish, edge paler, 
 adnate, crowded, broad, ventricose. Spores pink, "longish, 5-6- 
 angled, 9-10 x 7-8 ju, with prominent angles" Rick. Pastures. 
 July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 346 LEPTONIA 
 
 1088. L. lazulina Fr. Lapis lazuli, ultramarine. 
 P. 1-5-2 cm., becoming black fuliginous, at first black blue, or date- 
 brown-mouse colour, with the disc darker, submembranaceous, campanu- 
 late, then expanded and obtuse, striate, obsoletely umbilicate, rimoso- 
 squamulose. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., dark blue, cartilaginous, base 
 white-woolly. Gills pallid deep blue, adnate, separating, equally at- 
 tenuated from the stem to the margin of the pileus. Flesh dark blue. 
 Spores pink, angular, oblong, 11-12 x 7-8/x, 1-guttulate. Heaths, 
 and pastures. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ***Gills pallid. Becoming pale, yellow or green. 
 
 1089. L. incana Fr. (= Leptonia chloropolia (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 359, t. 336 Incana, hoary. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., variegated fuscous and green, becoming cinereous when 
 dry, submembranaceous, fragile, convex, then expanded, umbilicate, 
 striate, slightly silky when dry. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., green, or 
 fuscous green, cartilaginous, base white-floccose. Gills whitish green, 
 then flesh colour, adnate, decurrent with a tooth, at length separa- 
 ting, 4-6 mm. broad at the middle, distant. Flesh green, thin. Spores 
 pink, angular, 8-12 x 7-8/z, 1-guttulate. Smell like that of mice. 
 Woods, heaths, and pastures. July Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1090. L. euchlora (Lasch) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 99. 
 
 e, well; %Xo>pa, pale green. 
 
 P. 1 -5-3-5 cm., olivaceous, becoming paler, submembranaceous, cam- 
 panulato-convex, then plane, fuscous fibrillose, subsquamulose, especi- 
 ally at the darker, finally depressed disc. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., 
 greenish, apex yellowish, becoming deep blue or verdigris when bruised 
 or handled, equal, slightly thickened at the white, tomentose base, 
 hollow, fragile, smooth. Gills whitish, or very pale yellowish, then pink, 
 56 mm. wide, broadly adnate, subdistant. Flesh greenish, becoming 
 deep blue or verdigris when bruised or pressed, thin. Taste and smell 
 none. Spores pink, oblong, angular, 11-15 x 8-10/>t, multi-guttulate. 
 Amongst short grass in woods and open downs. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1091. L. sericella (Fr.) Quel. (= Entoloma sericellum Fr.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 335, t. 307, as Entoloma sericellum Fr. Sericus, silken. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., white, or becoming yellow white, somewhat fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, obtuse, at length depressed, often unequal, silky, 
 often squamulose ; margin inflexed, floccose. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 white, then becoming pale, waxy, equal, fibrillose, at length somewhat 
 polished, pellucid. Gills white, then flesh colour, at first adnate, even, 
 decurrent with a tooth, then separating and somewhat emarginate, 
 very broad, subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores pink, angular,
 
 LEPTONIA 347 
 
 oblong, 9-11 x 6-7/z,, 1-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. July 
 Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. decurrens (Boud.) Kea. Boud. Icon. t. 94. 
 
 Decurrens, running down. 
 
 Differs from the type in the distinctly decurrent gills. Woods, pas- 
 tures, and roadsides. July Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lutescens Fr. Lutescens, becoming yellow. 
 
 Differs from the type in the yellowish, more regular, convex, even p., 
 and almost adnate gills. 
 
 var. sublutescens Henn. Sub, somewhat; lutescens, becoming yellow. 
 Differs from the type in the white, silky-floccose p. becoming smooth 
 and dingy yellow, and the white st. becoming yellowish. 
 
 1092. L. formosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 98, fig. 1. Formosa, beautiful. 
 P. 2-3 cm., yellow wax colour, sprinkled over with minute fuscous 
 
 squamules or fibrils, submembranaceous, slightly tough, convex, then 
 plane, slightly umbilicate, striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., yellow, car- 
 tilaginous, equal, shining. Gills light-yellow-pallid, then flesh colour, 
 adnate, decurrent with a tooth, subdistant. Spores pink, angular, 
 oblong, 10 x 8/i,, 1-guttulate. Coniferous woods, and heaths. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. suavis (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 360, t. 488. Suavis, pleasant. 
 Differs from the type in the stem becoming blue. Amongst Equisetum. 
 Sept. Bare. 
 
 1093. L. chloropolia Fr. (= Leptonia incana Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. 
 t. 98, fig. 2. x\top6s, pale green; 7roXto<?, grey. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., livid, disc black squamulose, membranaceous, convex, 
 then flattened, striate; margin at first inflexed. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2- 
 4 mm., bluish-grey-green, slightly firm, rigid. Gills whitish, then flesh 
 colour, adnate. Spores pink, angular, globose, 9-10 x 8/4, 1-guttu- 
 late. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ****Gills grey, or glaucous. Hygrophanous, p. somewhat striate. 
 
 1094. L. asprella Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 6, fig. 4. 
 
 Asprella, somewhat rough. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., fuliginous, or mouse colour, then livid-grey, submem- 
 branaceous, convex, then flattened, darker umbilicus villose, at length 
 squamulose, marked with spots, striate, often fibrillose. St. 2-55 cm. 
 x 1-2 mm., fuscous, green, or azure-blue, cartilaginous, equal, tense 
 and straight, base white- villose. Gills whitish grey, then flesh colour, 
 adnate, separating free, subdistant, equally attenuated from the stem
 
 348 LEPTONIA. NAUCORIA 
 
 towards the margin, edge often black. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 
 10 x 6-7 [i. Pastures, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1095. L. nefrens FT. Nefrens, having no teeth. 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., fuliginous, then livid-grey, membranaceous, campanu- 
 
 late, then flattened, with a deep darker umbilicus, at length infundibuli- 
 form, striate, obsoletely fibrillose. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., fuscous- 
 livid, fragile, equal. Gills pallid grey, adnexed, separating, broad, 
 edge slightly black. Spores pink, "elliptical, 4-5 x 3/x." Massee. 
 Grassy places, and marshy pastures. July Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. 
 Naucoria Fr. 
 
 (Naucum, a flock of wool.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular; margin at first incurved. Stem central, car- 
 tilaginous. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochra- 
 ceous, ferruginous or fuscous; elliptical, pip-shaped, almond-shaped, 
 or oblong elliptical, smooth, punctate, or verrucose; continuous, or 
 with a germ-pore. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, more 
 rarely on wood ; solitary, gregarious, or caespitose. 
 
 I. P. smooth. Veil none. Spores ferruginous, not becoming 
 
 fuscous ferruginous. 
 *Gills free, or slightly adnexed. 
 
 1096. N. lugubris Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 121, fig. 1. Lugubris, mournful. 
 P. 5-8 cm., pallid, then ferruginous, at length almost date brown, 
 
 fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, gibbous, smooth, rarely bullate, 
 undulated, and tenaciously viscid. St. 5-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., pallid, 
 becoming ferruginous downwards when old, with a long, attenuated, 
 fusiform root, externally very cartilaginous, rigid, smooth. Gills 
 pallid, then ferruginous, quite free, ventricose, very broad behind, 
 12 mm. and more broad, crowded, edge for the most part serrated. 
 Flesh white. Spores pallid, then ferruginous, "nearly almond-shaped, 
 7-8 x 4-5 /n. Cystidia only on edge of gill, clavate filamentous " Rick. 
 Often caespitose. Mountainous fir woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1097. N. festiva Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 22. Festiva, handsome. 
 P. 2-5 cm., olivaceous fuscous, becoming olivaceous straw colour, 
 
 isabelline, bay, or rufous when dry, fleshy, convex, slightly gibbous, 
 smooth, glutinous when fresh. St. 5-9 cm. x 4-8 mm., rufous, violaceous, 
 olivaceous, or pallid, with reticulately adpressed black fibrils, equal, or 
 attenuated downwards, somewhat rooting, sometimes ventricose and 
 compressed, very cartilaginous, either fuscous squamulose, or smooth. 
 Gills whitish, then olivaceous, rufous, or ferruginous blood red, free,
 
 NAUCOBIA 349 
 
 attenuated behind, generally ventricose, 6 mm. broad, crowded, edge 
 often white, pubescent. Flesh pallid, becoming reddish in the St., thin 
 at the margin. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, 8 x 4ju,, 1-guttu- 
 late, "roughish. Cystidia only on edge of gill, filamentous" Kick. 
 Smell weak, of radish. Coniferous woods, and amongst grass. Sept. 
 Bare. 
 
 1098. N. obtusa Cke. & Massee. Cke. lUus. no. 1171, t. 1155. 
 
 Obtusa, blunt. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., rufous, or orange tawny, becoming pale, campanulate, 
 obtuse, margin faintly striate. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., flesh colour, or 
 pale cinnamon, equal, smooth. Gills cinnamon, broadly adnate, or 
 with a tooth, 4-6 mm. broad, ventricose, edge serrate. Flesh con- 
 colorous, becoming pale, darker at the base of the st. Spores ferruginous, 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 4/u,. On the ground. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1099. N. subglobosa (A. & S.) Fr. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; globosa, spherical. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., light yellow, darker at the disc, fleshy, hemispherical, 
 smooth, moist. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, brownish at the 
 base, equal, rigid, striate at the apex. Gills concolorous, somewhat free, 
 very broad, convex, rhomboidal. Flesh lemon yellow, thin. Spores 
 ochraceous, "unequal-elliptical, 6-7 x 3 4/z, smooth. Cystidia on 
 edge of gill large, lanceolate-fusiform, 50-60 x 12-15/u,, without a 
 globose head" Rick. Pine woods, and on the ground. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 1100. N. hamadryas Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 121, fig. 3. 
 
 apaSpvds, a wood nymph. 
 
 P. 45 cm., bay brown ferruginous, pale yellowish when old, and be- 
 coming pale, fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, smooth. St. 
 5 7-5 cm. x 6 mm., pallid, somewhat fragile, equal, smooth. Gills 
 ferruginous, opaque, attenuato-adnexed, somewhat free, slightly ventri- 
 cose, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh paler, thin, that of the p. easily 
 separating from the st. Spores "ferruginous, elliptical, 13-14 x 7/n" 
 Massee. Woods, and under trees. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 1101. N. cidaris Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 123, fig. 2. Kt,Sapi<;, a tiara. 
 P. 2-5 cm., clay cinnamon, or dark tawny cinnamon, tan colour when 
 
 dry, fleshy, conical, then campanulate, slightly striate when moist at 
 the undulate, membranaceous margin, pruinose, or smooth. St. 
 4-5 cm. x 4 mm., fuscous black, apex concolorous and pruinose, at- 
 tenuated from the apex to the base, or fusiform, subcompressed, flexuose, 
 or straight, tough, smooth. Gills honey colour, or cinnamon clay, ad- 
 fixed, separating free, ascending, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded. 
 Flesh whitish, scissile, thin at the disc. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical,
 
 350 NAUCORIA 
 
 5-6 x 3-4/Lt, smooth. Cystidia only on edge of gill, filamentous" 
 Rick. Pine woods, and on the ground round trunks. Oct. Nov. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 1102. N. Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. (= Nolaneanigripes (Trog) Fr.; Nolanea 
 pisciodora (Ces.) Fr.; Nolanea picea Kalchbr. sec. Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 364, t. 378, upper figs., as Nolanea pisciodora Ces. 
 
 Cucumis, cucumber. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., tawny cinnamon, pitch black, bay-brown-fuscous, be- 
 coming paler towards the margin, umber, fawn, or tan colour when dry, 
 fleshy, campanulate, then convex, umbonate, or obtuse, pruinose; 
 margin incurved, often striate when moist. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-6 mm., 
 date brown, chestnut brown, or fuscous blackish, tough, equal, pruinose, 
 velvety, apex often paler, white floccose at the base. Gills pale, yellowish 
 flesh colour, then saffron yellow, or tawny, emarginate, ventricose, 
 crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin at the margin. Spores pale, ferru- 
 ginous, oblong, elliptical, 8-10 x 3-4 p,, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia 
 "broadly lanceolate, 60-75 x 18-23/i" Rick. Smell unpleasant, of 
 fish, or cucumber. Coniferous, and damp woods, amongst dead leaves, 
 and bare soil in gardens. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1103. N. echinospora W. G. Sm. e'^o/o?, hedgehog; <nropd, seed. 
 P. 12 mm., buff, then pale, flat, subumbonate, moist, hygrophanous, 
 
 slightly furfur aceous; margin substriate. St. 2 cm. x 4-5 mm., brown- 
 ish salmon, paler above, rufescent below, white flocculose. Gills ochre, 
 olive-shaded, sinuate, subdistant. Spores 7 x Qp,, rough. Greenhouses. 
 Aug. Rare. 
 
 1104. N. anguinea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 122, fig. 1. Anguinea, snaky. 
 P. 3-6 cm., rufous, or pale yellowish, somewhat tan colour when dry, 
 
 fleshy, campanulate, then convex, gibbous, smooth, covered near the 
 margin when young with a superficial silky zone from the fibrils of the 
 veil. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., bay brown, equal, base thickened, often 
 flexuose, densely white-fibrillose, and forming numerous zone-like marks; 
 often with silky spots when dry. Gills pallid isabelline, or yellow, then 
 ferruginous, somewhat free, ascending into the top of the cone, some- 
 what linear, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin except 
 at the disc. Spores ferruginous. Damp places in woods, and heaths. 
 Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1105. N. centunculus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 495, t. 601, fig. A. 
 
 Centunculus, patch- work. 
 
 P. 820 mm., lurid, or olivaceous fuscous, becoming light yellow 
 green, finally becoming pale, but not hygrophanous, fleshy, convex, then 
 plane, obtuse, often excentric, dry, slightly silky under a lens ; margin 
 incurved, often striate, occasionally yellow-pulverulent. St. 2-5- 
 3 cm. x 2-4 mm., cinereous light yellow, somewhat equal, often curved,
 
 NATJCORIA 351 
 
 pulverulent with white mealy squamules at the apex, base white- villous. 
 Gills light yellow cinereous, adnate, separating, broad, rather thick, 
 convex, undulated when old, edge slightly toothed with greenish yellow 
 floccules ("pulverulent with crystalline particles under a lens" Quel.). 
 Flesh pallid, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 8-10 x 6/u,. Cystidia 
 "undulating-clavate, or fusiform-capitate, 30-36 x 4-6 //," Kick. 
 Gregarious, or caespitose. Eotten wood, especially beech. Oct. Bare. 
 
 1106. N. horizontals (Bull.) Fr. (= Galera horizontal (Bull.) Quel.) 
 Cke. nius. no. 495, t. 601, fig. B. Horizontalis, horizontal. 
 
 Entirely watery cinnamon. P. 5-15 mm., fleshy, convexo-plane, 
 obtuse, smooth. St. 6-12 x 2 mm., incurved, smooth. Gills rounded, 
 free, plane, broad, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, paler, thin. Spores 
 ferruginous, punctate, broadly elliptical, 6-8 x 5-6/n. Cystidia cla- 
 vate, or conical, flexuose, 20-35 x 2-4/t. On bark of elm, and pear 
 trees. Nov. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1107. N. rimulincola (Lasch) Rabenh. (= Galera horizontal^ (Bull.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 496, t. 509, fig. B. 
 
 Rimula, a small crack; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 Entirely cinnamon. P. 10-12 mm., hemispherical, umbilicate, pli- 
 cate, slightly wrinkled, tomentose. St. 10-12 x 2 mm., somewhat ex- 
 centric, incurved, somewhat thickened at the base. Gills adnexed, 
 thick, very broad, subdistant, edge whitish crenulate. Flesh white, thin. 
 Spores "cinnamon, elliptical, 10 x 5/x" Massee. On elm, and pear 
 twigs. Oct. Dec. Rare. 
 
 1108. N. semiflexa B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 496, t. 509, fig. A. 
 
 Semi, half; flexa, bent. 
 
 P. 12 mm., chestnut, hygrophanous, fleshy, subcampanulate, then 
 hemispherical, or flattened ; margin adorned with the delicate white veil. 
 St. 6-18 x 1-2 mm., pale, semi-horizontal. Gills tawny, adnexed, 
 rather broad, distant. Flesh white, thin. Spores "amber, elliptical, 
 8 x 5/A, verrucose" Massee. On wood, and on the ground. Oct. Rare. 
 
 N. rubricata B. & Br. = Marasmius nibricatus (B. & Br.) Massee. 
 
 **Gills adnate, p. convexo-plane. 
 
 1109. N. abstrusa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 122, fig. 2. Abstrusa, hidden. 
 P. 2-4 cm., ferruginous clay, fleshy, convex, then plane, orbicular, 
 
 smooth, viscid. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid ferruginous, base 
 darker, very cartilaginous, tough, rigid, equal, round, tense, straight, 
 polished, naked. Gills watery ferruginous, or cinnamon, adnate, plane, 
 crowded. Flesh concolorous, becoming pale, thin at the margin. Spores 
 ferruginous, "elliptical, 10 x 5/u," Sacc. Woods, and on sawdust. Oct. 
 Uncommon.
 
 352 NATJCORIA 
 
 1110. N. innocua (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 498, t. 489, fig. A. 
 
 Innocua, harmless. 
 
 P. 34 cm., rufous, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, convex, obtuse, 
 rather smooth, fibrillosely-smooth under a lens, striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 
 3-4 mm., white fibrillose, base woolly. Gills light yellow ochraceous, 
 adnate, somewhat crowded. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 4-6 p.. 
 Damp places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1111. N. cerodes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 498, t. 489, fig. B. 
 
 KrjpfaSrjs, wax-like. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., watery cinnamon, tan colour when dry, submembrana- 
 ceous, campanulato-convex, then flattened, at length depressed, obtuse, 
 smooth, pellucidly striate at the margin when moist, slightly 
 silky -atomate when dry. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, or pale 
 yellowish, becoming bay -brown-fuscous, sometimes only at the base, 
 slightly firm, equal, somewhat flexuose, fibrillosely striate under a 
 lens, apex mealy. Gills pattid, then cinnamon, adnate, separating, 
 very broad behind, hence almost triangular, subdistant, broad, plane, 
 edge minutely fimbriate under a lens. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores 
 brownish ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 9-12 x 6-7 /z, 1 2-guttulate. 
 Cystidia "on surface of gill fusiform, 35-40 x 10-1 2 /z, sparse, on 
 edge of gill the majority filamentous-clavate " Rick. Woods, heaths, 
 burnt ground, and on stumps. May Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1112. N. melinoides Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 499, t. 457, upper figs. 
 
 fteXt, honey; etSo?, like. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., tawny, ochraceous when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, 
 sometimes globose then hemispherical, obtuse, or gibbous, striate at 
 the margin when old. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, or ochraceous, 
 base paler, white, equal, or slightly attenuated, sometimes attenuated 
 at both ends, slightly firm, smooth, apex white pruinose. Gills some- 
 what tawny, or light yellowish ochraceous, adnate, ventricose, crowded, 
 edge often denticulate. Flesh yellowish, thin at the margin. Spores pale 
 ferruginous, elliptical, 9-13 x 4-8 /LI, with a large central gutta. 
 Cystidia flask-shaped, capitate, apex 5-8/z in diam., base ventricose, 
 50-55 x 8-19jit. Heaths, pastures, lawns, and roadsides. June Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1113. N. pusiola Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 124, fig. 4. Pusio, a little boy. 
 P. 6-12 mm., yellow, or tawny yellow, submembranaceous or slightly 
 
 fleshy, hemispherical, or campanulato-hemispherical, then expanded, 
 obtuse, smooth, slightly viscid. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., shining 
 light yellow, or lemon yellow, tough, equal, or attenuated upwards, 
 flexuose, smooth, slightly viscid, apex often pruinose, base often be- 
 coming brownish. Gills yellow white, or watery cinnamon, then brown, 
 adnate, broad, plane. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores "brown, pruni- 
 form, 8 x 4/z" Sacc. Pastures, and mossy hillsides. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 NAUCORIA 353 
 
 ***Gills adnate. P. campanulate, then expanded. 
 
 1114. N. nucea (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 70. 
 
 Nucea, belonging to a nut. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., pale chestnut, submembranaceous, globoso-campanu- 
 late, never flattened, umbilicate, smooth, slightly dotted; margin in- 
 curved, somewhat lobed. St. 7-8 cm. x 2 mm., white, tough, equal, 
 silky fibrillose, becoming even, base with a small bulb. Gills cinnamon, 
 adnate, semicircular, 6-8 mm. broad, plane, often undulate. Spores 
 ferruginous, "elliptical, base apiculate, 10-11 x 6jii" Massee. Pine, 
 and fir woods. Oct. Eare. 
 
 1115. N. glandiformis W. G. Sm. Cke. lUus. no. 500, t. 490, fig. B. 
 
 Glans, acorn ; forma, shape. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., nut brown, disc darJcer, obtusely campanulate, becoming 
 somewhat hemispherical, or filbert- shaped, smooth. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 
 4 mm., pallid, equal, sometimes twisted, splitting. Gills umber, ad- 
 nate, very broad, 12 mm. and more, rounded behind, serrate. Flesh 
 yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, broadly almond- 
 shaped, 10-12 x 6-8/z. On the ground. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1116. N. scolecina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 124, fig. 1. <7Kta\^, a worm. 
 P. 1-2 cm., bay -brown-ferruginous, becoming pale, opaque, fleshy, 
 
 campanulate, then convex, often umbonate, obtuse, smooth, fragile; 
 margin paler, at length striate. St. 3-7-5 cm. x 1-3 mm., rufous ferru- 
 ginous, base becoming fuscous, equal, often flexuose and curved, white 
 mealy everywhere, then only at the paler apex. Gills whitish flesh colour, 
 then ferruginous, adnate, broader behind, 2-4 mm. broad, edgefloccu- 
 lose, ciliate. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, 
 subglobose, 4 x 3/i, 1-guttulate. Alder swamps, and damp places. 
 Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1117. N. striaepes Cke. Cke. Hhis. no. 502, t. 478. 
 
 Stria, a furrow; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., ochraceous, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, then ex- 
 panded, smooth. St. 4-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, equal, straight, or 
 flexuose, longitudinally striate. Gills tawny ferruginous, slightly ad- 
 nate, subdistant, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh concolorous, then white, thin 
 at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 /x,. Caespi- 
 tose, or gregarious. Woods, lawns, pastures, and roadsides. Sept. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1118. N. amarescens Quel. Boud. Icon. t. 127. 
 
 Amarescens, becoming bitter. 
 
 P. 1-5-4 cm., reddish brown, or cinnamon, becoming pale when dry, 
 campanulate, then expanded, often umbonate, minutely rugose, then 
 torn and cracked, moist. St. 3-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, or 
 
 E. B. B. 23
 
 354 NAUCOBIA 
 
 ochraceous, then blackish bistre, apex often slightly velvety, equal, 
 base white tomentose. Gills ochraceous, then tawny, emarginate, ad- 
 nate, ventricose, very broad. Flesh concolorous, scissile. Spores 
 brownish ferruginous, oblong elliptical, 10-12 x 5-6/i. Taste insipid, 
 then very bitter. In troops. Old charcoal heaps in woods. May Sept. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 1119. N. sideroides (Bull.) Fr. Cke. JQlus. no. 503, t. 458, upper figs. 
 
 (riBr/pos, iron; etSo9, like. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., pale yellowish, honey colour, or cinnamon, tan ochra- 
 ceous when dry, somewhat shining, fleshy, campanulate, then ex- 
 panded, umbonate, smooth, very slightly viscid when moist; margin 
 incurved at first, then slightly striate. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, 
 then becoming yellow and ferruginous downwards, base at length be- 
 coming fuscous, slightly firm, equal, sometimes undulated, or slightly 
 thickened at the apex, smooth, apex often white pruinose. Gills be- 
 coming watery-yellow ochraceous, at length somewhat cinnamon, adnate, 
 with a small decurrent tooth, sometimes sinuate and uncinato-adfixed, 
 ascending, linear, crowded. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores pale yellow, 
 "cylindrical-elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4 p,. Cystidia on edge of the gill very 
 delicate, filamentous-fusiform, 30-36/x,, apex with a globose head" 
 Rick. Stumps, ash and pine trunks, twigs, and chips. Oct. Nov. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 1120. N. badipes Fr. (= Galera badipes (Fr.) Rick.) Fr. Icon. t. 123, 
 fig. 3. Badius, bay brown ; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 8-20 mm,, yettowish ferruginous, tan when dry, submembrana- 
 ceous, campanulate, then convex, umbonate, pellucidly striate to the 
 disc when moist, smooth; margin almost straight and adpressed to the 
 st. St. 5 7'5 cm. x 2 mm., ferruginous, darker and becoming fuscous 
 towards the base, equal, firm, rigid, often flexuose, covered up to the 
 middle with white floccose scales, apex paler, naked. Gills pale yellowish 
 ferruginous, adnate, very ventricose, thin, subdistant. Flesh con- 
 colorous, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10-12 x 5/u,. Cystidia 
 "thin, fusiform, with long, blunt point, 50-60 x 10-15/x," Rick. 
 Damp places in coniferous woods, and on heaths. Sept. Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1121. N. camerina Fr. (= Galera camerina (Fr.) Rick.) Fr. Icon, 
 t. 124, fig. 2. Kapdpa, an arched roof. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., honey colour, tan colour when dry, obtuse umbo often 
 darker, fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, umbonate, smooth, hy- 
 grophanous; margin somewhat striate when moist. St. 3 4 cm. x 1 
 2 mm., umber, apex pallid, equal, or attenuated downwards, some- 
 what curved, or flexuose, tough, adpressedly fibrdlose. Gills yellowish 
 cinnamon, then ferruginous, adnate, plane, ascending, attenuated be- 

 
 NAUCORIA 355 
 
 hind, very crowded, often crenulate. Flesh, concolorous, thin at the 
 margin. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 jn, smooth. Cys- 
 tidia on the edge of the gill subulate-capitate, 36-40 x 5-6 /u," Eick. 
 Coniferous stumps. May Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1122. N. hydrophila Mass. (= Naucoria nasuta Kalchbr. sec. Cke.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 1173, t. 1172, fig. A, as Naucoria nasuta Kalchbr. 
 
 v8(op, water; 0tXo?, loving. 
 
 P. 1-3-5 cm., pale ochraceous tan with a distinct tinge of green here 
 and there, fleshy, campanulate, then slightly expanded, acutely um- 
 bonate, smooth; margin striate when moist. St. 3-5 cm. x 2mm., 
 rather ferruginous, or with red and green tints, equal, flexuose, smooth. 
 Gills pallid, then brownish, adnexed, rather crowded, 3 mm. broad, 
 edge pale. Flesh greenish, very thin. Spores brown, elliptical, 13- 
 14 x 6-7^1,. Gregarious. Swampy places under trees. Sept. Oct. 
 Eare. 
 
 1123. N. triscopa Fr. (= Galera triscopa (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 124, 
 fig. 3. rpi-, three; CT/COTTO?, faced. 
 
 P. 4-10 mm., deep bay, tawny or ochraceous when dry, always 
 opaque, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, then convexo-plane, with a 
 prominent umbo, smooth. St. 1-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., ferruginous, opaque, 
 base umber, often velvety, equal, curved, or flexuose, smooth. Gills 
 yellowish, then dark ferruginous, adnate, ventricose, plane, thin, some- 
 what crowded. Flesh yellowish, ferruginous in the St., very thin at the 
 margin. Spores "ferruginous, pruniform, 10//," Quel. Stumps, and 
 rotten wood of frondose trees, rarely on humus. May Sept. Un- 
 
 II. P. naked. Gills and spores fuscous ferruginous. 
 Veil potential, rarely manifest. 
 
 *Growing in fields, and plains. 
 
 1124. N. vervacti Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 504, t. 617, fig. A. 
 
 Vervactum, fallow ground. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., light yellow, or pallid yellow, fleshy, convex, then plane, 
 obtuse, or umbonate, soft, smooth, slightly viscid, shining when dry. 
 St. 2-5-4 cm. x 46 mm., whitish, cartilaginous, rigid, attenuated 
 either upwards or downwards, smooth, often striate. Gills pallid, 
 then ferruginous fuscous, adnate with a decurrent tooth, 6 mm. 
 broad, plane, at length ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, thick at 
 the disc. Spores "olive brown in the mass, elliptic-oval, 12-17 x" 
 8-12ju. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform, 40-45 x 9-10/i, with or 
 without a head" Eick. Gardens, and pastures. May Nov. Un- 
 common. 
 
 232
 
 356 NAUCORIA 
 
 1125. N. pediades FT. (= Cantharellus Brownii B. & Br. sec. Pat.; 
 Naucoria semi-orbicularis (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 
 505, t. 492. vreStoi/, a plain, or field. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., yellow, or pale yellowish ochraceous, then becoming pale, 
 fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, dry, smooth, at length rimoso- 
 rivulose. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellowish, stuffed with a pith, sub- 
 flexuose, tough, equal, base bulbous from the mycelium being rolled 
 together, slightly silky, becoming even. Gills somewhat fuscous, then 
 dingy cinnamon, adnexed, 4-10 mm. broad, crowded, then subdistant. 
 Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, broadly 
 elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 p, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "ventri- 
 cose-fusiform, or with an enlarged head, 45-50 x 8 10/u," Rick. 
 Pastures, and roadsides. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1126. N. semi-orbicularis (Bull.) Fr. (= Naucoria pediades Fr. sec. 
 Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 507, t. 493, fig. A. 
 
 Semi-, half; orbicularis, round. 
 
 P. 25 cm., tawny ferruginous, then ochraceous, fleshy, convexo- 
 expanded, obtuse, slightly viscid when fresh and moist, then dry, 
 smooth, corrugated when dry. St. 7-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., ochraceous, 
 becoming pallid ferruginous, shining, often darker at the base, cartilagi- 
 nous, tough, equal, tense, straight, smooth, internally with a separate 
 fistulose tube which is easily broken up into fibrils. Gills pallid, then 
 ferruginous, adnate, rarely sinuate, 46 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh 
 white, thin at the margin. Spores brownish, elliptical, 9-12 x 5-7 /x. 
 Cystidia flask-shaped, or fusiform, 45-50 x 13-1 5 p, apex obtuse, 6-8 p 
 in diam. Pastures, heaths, roadsides. June Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1127. N. arvalis Fr. Arvum, an arable field. 
 P. 1-2 cm., yellow fuscous, pallid ochraceous when dry, disc yellow, or 
 
 concolorous, fleshy, firm, convex, then expanded, orbicular, obtuse, 
 smooth, slightly viscid. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., becoming yellowish, 
 equal, smooth, often pulverulent, attenuated into a long, cottony root, 
 internally with a not easily separable fistulose tube. Gills pallid grey, 
 then umber fuscous, or becoming ferruginous, adnexed, plane, very broad, 
 quaternate, distant, edge often lemon yellow. Flesh lemon yellow. 
 Spores "light yellow, almond-shaped, 10-12/i, oblong" Quel. Arable 
 fields, gardens, and sea-sands. July Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1128. N. tabacina (DC.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 507, t. 493, fig. B. 
 
 Tabacum, tobacco. 
 
 P. 6-20 mm., umber, then bay-brown-cinnamon, very moist, tan 
 colour when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, disc very obtuse, smooth ; 
 margin involute, often covered with a silky veil. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., 
 brown, darker and fuscous at the base, equal, attenuated downwards
 
 NAUCORIA 357 
 
 when shorter, somewhat flexuose, smooth. Gills bay -brown-cinnamon, 
 then ferruginous, adnate, plane, linear, or ovate, crowded. Flesh pallid 
 reddish, deeper in the St., thin. Spores tobacco coloured in mass, 
 "elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /A" Massee. Cystidia "on edge of gill fusiform- 
 subulate, 30-40 x 5-6 /x" Rick. Lawns, waysides, and heaths. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Growing in moist, uncultivated, wooded places. 
 
 1129. N. tenax Fr. Tenax, firm. 
 P. 25 cm., varying between cinnamon and an olivaceous, or somewhat 
 
 fuscous yellow, dirty, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, hemispherical, 
 then expanded, obtuse, rarely umbonate, sometimes becoming de- 
 pressed at the disc, smooth, or slightly wrinkled, slightly viscid when 
 young. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, or dingy pallid, be- 
 coming fuscous, or olive, apex paler, equal, or thickened upwards, 
 striate with adpressed fibrils, and sprinkled with white fibrils, the re- 
 mains of the fugacious veil. Gills whitish fuscous, then ferruginous 
 with the edge whitish, adnate, becoming somewhat rounded and 
 separating, 6-10 mm. broad, plane, triangular, or oblong. Flesh 
 yellowish, becoming whitish, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, pip- 
 shaped, 13-16 x 7-8/z, sometimes depressed on one side, 1-2-guttu- 
 late. Bogs on dead stems of Potentilla Comarum, and in ditches 
 amongst sticks. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1130. N. Myosotis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 125, fig. 1. 
 
 Myosotis, the Forget-me-not. 
 
 P. 24 cm., olivaceous, or fuscous green, becoming pale, or light 
 yellow, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then plane, subumbonate when 
 flattened, smooth, with a viscid pellicle. St. 7-15 cm. x 2-6 mm., 
 pallid, then fuscous, apex white pruinose, slightly firm, equal, often 
 flexuose, either fibrillose (the fibrils here and there blackish) or scaly. 
 Gills pallid umber olivaceous, then brown ferruginous, with the edge 
 whitish and serrate, adnate, decurrent with a tooth, 56 mm. broad, 
 subdistant. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, pip-shaped, 
 16-18 x 8-lOjLt, 1-guttulate. Cystidia on gill edge subcylindrical, 
 flexuose, 36-40 x 7-9 /z, apex obtuse, 5-6/A in diam. Bogs amongst 
 Sphagnum, and Potentilla Comarum. July Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1131. N. temulenta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 125, fig. 2. Temulenta, sodden. 
 P. 1-3 cm., ferruginous, ochraceous, or whitish when dry, hygro- 
 
 phanous, submembranaceous, campanulate, then convex, sometimes 
 subumbonate, smooth ; margin striate when moist. St. 4-8 cm. x 2mm., 
 yellow, or ferruginous, tough, equal, flexuose, polished, fistulose with a 
 pith, apex pruinose, base white-villous. Gills yellow, or lurid ferrugi- 
 nous, then umber, or ferruginous, adnate, attenuated in front, sub-
 
 358 NAUCORIA 
 
 distant. Flesh pallid, thin at the disc. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 
 9 x 4-5 /M, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill flask-shaped, on 
 surface of gill quite differently shaped, ventricose with three points at 
 the apex, 60 x 20/*" Kick. Woods and heaths. Aug. Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1132. N. subtemulenta Lamb. Sub, somewhat; temulenta, sodden. 
 
 P. brown ochre, tan when dry, campanulate, then convex, slightly 
 umbonate, striate, hygrophanous. St. concolorous, dark rusty at the 
 thickened base. Gills concolorous, almost free, narrow, crowded. 
 
 1133. N. latissima Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 510, t. 482. 
 
 Latissima, very broad. 
 
 P. 1-3-5 cm., deep chestnut brown, fleshy, subglobose, then hemi- 
 spherical; margin at first incurved. St. 2-5 cm. x 4 8 mm., dark 
 brown below, paler above, attenuated downwards, rooting, smooth. 
 Gills tawny umber, rounded behind, slightly adnate, very broad, 12 mm. 
 Flesh white, brownish at the base of the stem, thick at the disc. 
 Amongst grass. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1134. N. reducta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 125, fig. 3. Reducta, reduced. 
 
 P. 8-20 mm., olivaceous, or fuscous honey colour, dirty tan colour 
 when dry, membranaceous, convex, then plane, sometimes umbonate, 
 hygrophanous, smooth, then pruinose under a lens, striate to the disc 
 when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., amber fuscous, apex paler, 
 pruinose, slightly attenuated upwards, tough, flexuose, soft and 
 splitting, smooth. Gills dirty yellow, or pale ochraceous, then ferrugi- 
 nous, adnate, or rounded and separating, broad, ventricose, somewhat 
 crowded. Flesh subconcolorous, slightly thick at the disc. Spores 
 "ochraceous, pruniform, oblong, 10/x, punctate" Quel. Boggy woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 III. P. flocculose, or squamulose. Veil manifest. 
 
 Spores ferruginous. 
 *Squamules of p. superficial, separating. 
 
 1135. N. porriginosa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 511, t. 510. 
 
 Porriginosa, full of scurf. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., tawny, tan colour when dry, fleshy, hemispherical, then 
 convex, hardly expanded, very obtuse, viscid when moist, covered with 
 superficial, fugacious, saffron coloured squamules; margin striate when 
 old. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid, equal, more or less fibrillosely 
 silky, base white villose. Gills yellow, then tawny cinnamon, adnate, 
 often with a small decurrent tooth, crowded. Flesh lemon yellow, thick 
 at the disc. Amongst twigs, and rubbish. Oct. Rare.
 
 NATTCORIA 359 
 
 1136. N. sobria Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 512, t. 511, fig. A. 
 
 Sobria, sober, not bibulous. 
 
 P. 620 mm., honey colour, disc darker, becoming pale, fleshy, con- 
 vex, obtuse, or umbonate, slightly viscid, margin appendiculate with 
 the silky, fugacious veil. St. 3-4 cm. x 2 mm., pallid upwards, ferrugi- 
 nous fuscous downwards, slightly firm, somewhat tough, straight, or 
 slightly bent, equal, often sprinkled with whitish spots, the remains 
 of the veil, apex often mealy. Gills paler than the p., then saffron, with 
 the edge whitish or yellowish floccose, obtusely adnate, broader behind, 
 plane, 3 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh pallid, somewhat ferruginous 
 towards the base of the st., thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, or pip- 
 shaped, 6-7 x 4/i. Charcoal heaps, and on the ground in woods. 
 July Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. dispersa B. & Br. Dispersa, scattered. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the punctulate p. and the 
 appendiculate ring on the st. Lawns. July. Rare. 
 
 **P. with innate squamules. 
 N. erinacea Fr. = Pholiota erinacea (Fr.) Quel. 
 
 1137. N. siparia Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 126, fig. 2. 
 
 Siparium, a little curtain. 
 
 Entirely rufous ferruginous. P. 6-20 mm., fleshy, convex, then 
 plane, obtuse, densely villoso-squamulose, moist. St. 12-5 cm. x 2mm., 
 fragile, equal, tense and straight, densely sheathed with the scaly, 
 villose, downy veil; apex ochraceous, pruinose. Gills ochraceous, then 
 ferruginous, adnate, quaternate, subdistant, edge flocculose. Flesh 
 concolorous, becoming yellowish, thick, soft. Spores pale ferruginous, 
 pip-shaped, 8-9 x 6-7 /LI, 1-guttulate. On wood, dead branches, earth, 
 dead fern stems, and caddis worm cases. July Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1138. N. conspersa (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 514, t. 512, fig. A. 
 
 Conspersa, besprinkled. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., bay brown, or rufous cinnamon, ochraceous when dry, 
 fragile, very hygrophanous, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then flat- 
 tened, obtuse, even, soon furfuraceous and broken up into small scales. 
 St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., cinnamon, ochraceous when dry, equal, fibrillose, 
 apex squamuloso-furfuraceous, base white tomentose. Gills dark cinna- 
 mon, adnate, then em&Tgiji&to-separating, linear, or ventricose, 
 crowded. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores "ferruginous, elliptical, 9-11 x 
 5-6 /*" Karst. Gregarious. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Aug. Oct. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. uliginosa Fr. Uligo, marshy ground. 
 
 Differs from the type in being twice or thrice as large in all its parts, 
 
 in the fuscous rufescent, umbonate pileus, the long, twisted, umber st.
 
 360 NAUCORIA 
 
 and the broader gills. Bogs, and amongst Sphagnum. Aug. Un- 
 common. (v.v.) 
 
 1139. N. escharoides Fr. eV^apoiS?;?, scab-like. 
 P. 1-2 cm., tan, then whitish, disc at length becoming fuscous, fleshy, 
 
 soft, conico-convex, soon flattened, obtuse, flocculoso-furfuraceous. 
 St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid, at length becoming fuscous, fragile, 
 equal, flexuose, adpressedly fibrillose, or floccose, becoming smooth, 
 apex pruinose. Gills pallid tan, then somewhat cinnamon, edge often 
 pale and floccose, adfixed, or decurrent with a tooth, at length emargi- 
 nate, somewhat free, ventricose, 3-4 mm. broad, lax. Flesh whitish, 
 thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 11-12 x 6/z, 
 1-guttulate. Alder swamps, and bare damp ground. Aug. Oct. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1140. N. Wieslandri Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 126, fig. 3. J. Wieslander. 
 P. 2-4 mm., tawny, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, but 
 
 the cuticle is soon areolately rivulose, hence spotted with darker, 
 crowded, wart-like papillae. St. 5 cm. x 1 mm., becoming black, flaccid, 
 almost naked. Gills at length dark ferruginous, adnate, broad. Flesh 
 ferruginous, thin. Amongst short grass in woods. Sept. Kare. 
 
 ***P. destitute of scales, silky, or sprinkled with atoms. 
 
 1141. N. carpophila Fr. (= Galera carpophila (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 
 t. 126, fig. 4. Aca/mo?, fruit; </>t\o<?, loving. 
 
 P. 2-10 mm., tan, pallid, or whitish when dry, hygrophanous, sub- 
 membranaceous, convex, obtuse, furfurate with shining atoms, some- 
 times also floccoso-squamulose, striate, diaphanous ; margin crenulate 
 with furfuraceous, fugacious flocci. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., pallid, 
 firm, furfuraceous, then naked. Gills pallid, then ochraceous, rounded, 
 adnexed, somewhat free, ventricose, broad, subdistant, often crenu- 
 late. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores "rusty-yellowish in the mass, 
 subpyriform, 7-8 x 4-5 /x, smooth. Cystidia on the edge of the gill 
 filamentous-subulate" Kick. Beech leaves and mast. May Oct. 
 Kare. (v.v.) 
 
 1142. N. graminicola (Nees) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 515, t. 513, fig. B. 
 
 Gramen, grass; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 P. 5-8 mm., fuscous, then fawn ochraceous, submembranaceous, 
 convex, papillate, shaggy tomentose. St. 1-5-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., be- 
 coming fuscous, apex pale, tough, equal, hairy. Gills pale ochraceous, 
 then pale cinnamon, slightly adnexed, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thin. 
 Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/A, 1-3-guttu- 
 late. On grass stalks, and dead Pteris stalks. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.)
 
 * NAUCORIA. PSILOCYBE 361 
 
 1143. N. effugiens Quel. (= Crepidotus EuU Berk. sec. Quel.) Quel. 
 Jur. et Vosg. n, t. 2, fig. 3. Effugiens, escaping notice. 
 
 P. 5-8 mm., ochraceous, then pale olivaceous greyish, convex, then 
 plane, globose, diaphanous, covered with shining crystalline grains. 
 St. 5x1 mm., cream olivaceous, curved, mealy, base villose. Gills 
 cream colour, then brown, or olive, sinuato-free, or decurrent by a 
 tooth. Flesh olivaceous, thin. Spores brown, broadly elliptical, 
 9-10 x 5-6/A, with a large central gutta. Dead twigs and branches 
 of pear. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous. 
 
 Psilocybe Fr. 
 (^4X09, naked; KV@r), head.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular; margin at first incurved. Stem central, 
 cartilaginous. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores 
 purple, fuscous, rarely pinkish fuscous ; elliptical, pip-shaped, almond- 
 shaped or oblong elliptical; smooth, or verrucose, with an apical 
 germ-pore. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, or on wood, 
 solitary, gregarious, caespitose, or subcaespitose. 
 
 I. Veil accidental, rarely conspicuous. St. thick-skinned, flexile, 
 most frequently coloured. P. pelliculose, most frequently slightly 
 viscid in wet weather, becoming somewhat pale. Colour of p. 
 bright. 
 
 *Gills ventricose, not decurrent. 
 
 1144. P. sarcocephala Fr. (= Psathyra sarcocephala (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 135, fig. 1. crdp%, flesh; cee^aX?;, head. 
 
 P. 3-12 cm., ferruginous, becoming pale, fleshy, convex, then ex- 
 panded, obtuse, smooth, dry. St. 5-12 x -5-2 cm., whitish, sometimes 
 becoming slightly ferruginous, equal, or slightly attenuated downwards, 
 firm, smooth, apex white mealy, and somewhat squamulose. Gills 
 whitish, then flesh colour and at length fuscous, adnate, ventricose, 
 8-13 mm. broad, thick, fragile, not crowded. Flesh white, thick, firm. 
 Spores pinkish fuscous, oblong elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-guttulate. 
 Cystidia broadly lanceolate, acute, 50-60 x 12-18 /JL. Taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Solitary, or caespitose. Often at the base of trees. Woods, 
 and pastures. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Cookei Sacc. Cke. Illus. no. 591, t. 620. 
 
 M. C. Cooke, the eminent English mycologist. 
 
 Differs from the type in the larger, ochraceous, radiately rivulose, 
 
 atlengthumbilicatep. Base of trees. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 362 PSILOCYBE 
 
 1145. P. atrobrunnea (Lasch) Fr. Ater, black; brunnea, brown. 
 P. 25 cm., brownish, fleshy, thin, campanulate, then convex, um- 
 
 bonate. St. 6-12-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., paler than the p., fibrillose, apex 
 white-mealy. Gills becoming brownish, adnexed, then separating, sub- 
 distant, somewhat thick, wide. Spores dark brown, "9-12 x 5-6/x" 
 Sacc. Smell and taste of radish. Marshes amongst Sphagna. Eare. 
 
 1146. P. nemophila Fr. 1/6/409, wood; <j>i\of, loving. 
 P. 4-10 cm., brick red, paler at the margin, fleshy, convex, 
 
 obtuse, smooth. St. 7-10 x 1 cm., concolorous but paler, fusiformly 
 attenuated downwards, naked. Gills pallid, deeply decurrent, very 
 narrow, edge crisped and dentate. On the ground, under old trees. 
 Eare. 
 
 1147. P. helvola (Schaeff.) Massee. Schaeff. Icon. t. 210. 
 
 Helvola, pale yellow. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., tawny ochraceous, disc darker, fleshy, campanulate, then 
 expanded, obtuse, smooth, the cuticle often cracked into patches near 
 the disc. St. 4-6 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, or tinged ochraceous, equal, 
 fibrillose, often twisted ; base white, thickened, downy. Gills purplish 
 umber, clouded, edge white, adnate, then separating from the st., 
 broad, rather distant. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores 
 "purplish brown, obliquely elliptical, ends pointed, 9-10 x 4-5 /A, 
 warted" Massee. Amongst grass. Sept. Eare. 
 
 1148. P. ericaea (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 136, fig. 1. epeiKt), heath. 
 P. 2-4 cm., tawny ferruginous, tawny yellow, or date brown, fleshy, 
 
 convex, then expanded, obtuse, slightly viscid when wet, dry and 
 shining when dry. St. 7-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., paler than the p., be- 
 coming yellowish, equal, tough, somewhat smooth, or silky. Gills 
 pallid, becoming blackish, adnate, narrowed behind, 6-8 mm. broad, 
 plane, edge whitish. Flesh yellow, thin. Spores fuliginous, broadly 
 elliptical, 12-14 x 7-8 /LI. Cystidia "on surface of gill sparse, clavate 
 with a prominent point, 30-36 x 9-10/i, contents yellowish, on edge 
 of gill filamentous" Eick. Heaths, and damp pastures. May Oct. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1149. P. subericaea Fr. (= Psilocybe ericaea (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 136, fig. 2. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; ericaea, the species P. ericaea 
 P. 3-5 cm., tawny, fleshy, convex, then plane, smooth. St. 2-5-6 cm. 
 x 2-5 mm., becoming yellow, equal, tough, smooth. Gills pallid, then 
 fuscous purple, sinuato-adnate, 5-10 mm. broad. Flesh yellow, thin. 
 Spores fuliginous purple, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4/i. Heaths, 
 and grassy places. June Sept. Common, (v.v.)
 
 PSILOCYBE 363 
 
 1150. P. uda (Pers.) Fr. (= Flammuloides uda (Pers.) Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 594, t. 569. Uda, moist. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., brick tawny, becoming pale, fleshy, convex, then flat- 
 tened, often more or less umbonate, smooth, slightly wrinkled when 
 old; margin often striate. St. 4 7-5 cm. x 2 4 mm., tawny ferrugi- 
 nous, apex paler, equal, flexuose, fibrillose. Gills pallid, then becoming 
 fuscous purple, adfixed, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad, lax, plane, or 
 convex. Flesh yellow, ferruginous towards the base of the st., thin. 
 Spores purple, broadly elliptical, 8-11 x 5-6 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Cys- 
 tidia "on the edge of the gill clavate-filamentous, 45-50 x 3-4/x" 
 Rick. Swampy places and amongst Sphagna. Woods, and heaths. 
 Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. Polytrichi Fr. Polytrichum, a genus of mosses. 
 
 Differs from the type in the p. being pallid yellow, becoming whitish 
 especially at the margin, and at length plane and depressed, in the 
 glabrous, pallid tawny st., and the whitish clouded gills at length be- 
 coming decurrent, never becoming purple but often greenish. Amongst 
 Polytricha. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. elongata (Pers.) Fr. Elongata, tall. 
 
 Differs from the type in the submembranaceous p. being livid, or 
 greenish yellow, and striate when moist, becoming yellowish when dry. 
 Amongst Sphagna in mountain pine woods. 
 
 1151. P. canofaciens Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 595, t. 621. 
 
 Canus, hoa,Ty,faciens, making. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., dark bay brown, disc ferruginous, fleshy, campanulate, 
 then expanded, scarcely umbonate, clad everywhere as well as the st. 
 with delicate, scattered, white hairs, which are soon evanescent at the 
 apex; margin appendiculate with the white, fibrillose veil. St. 
 5-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, base very dark, subequal. Gills dark 
 umber, adnate, 6 mm. broad, ventricose. Flesh of the p. pallid, of the 
 st. rufescent, gradually darker downwards, thick at the disc. Spores 
 umber brown, elliptic oblong, 17 x 8, 10 x 4ju. Caespitose. Rotten 
 straw, and rubbish. May. Rare. 
 
 1152. P. areolata (Klotzsch) Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 596, t. 570. 
 
 Areolata, divided into small patches. 
 
 P. 3-7-5 cm., ochraceous, or fuscous, fleshy, convex, minutely 
 fibrillose, cuticle cracking into nearly equal, square patches, interstices 
 and margin pale. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., dirty white, equal, often 
 thickened at the base, fibrillose. Gills umber, at length blackish, edge 
 white and beaded with drops of moisture, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad. 
 Flesh tinged brown, thick at the disc. Spores "blackish umber with 
 a purple tinge, broadly almond-shaped, 12-13 x 8/u." Massee. Densely 
 caespitose. On wood. Gardens. May Oct. Rare.
 
 364 PSILOCYBB 
 
 1153. P. virescens (Cke. & Massee) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1182, 
 t. 1177, as Psilocybe areolata Klot. var. 
 
 Virescens, growing green. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., bright dark brown, fleshy, convex, obtuse, then ex- 
 panded, minutely silky when young, the brown cuticle breaking up 
 into persistent, angular patches, the interstices being clear pale green, 
 becoming yellowish with age. St. 4-5 cm. x 6 mm., pale green, and 
 strongly striate at the apex, ferruginous below, base snow-white, downy, 
 equal, smooth, firm, straight, or slightly incurved. Grills pallid, then 
 smoky purple, edge pale, adnexed, 6 mm. broad, rather crowded, soft. 
 Flesh whitish, ferruginous towards the base of the St., thick at the disc. 
 Spores sooty purple, elliptical, ends obtuse, 9 x 5/u. Solitary. On 
 rotten chips, and stumps. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1154. P. agraria Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 137, fig. 1. 
 
 Agraria, pertaining to land. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., white, becoming cinereous when dry, fleshy, convex, at 
 length flattened and then often umbonate, smooth. St. 4-5 cm. x 
 2-4 mm., white, equal, smooth. Gills white, at length fuscous, obtusely 
 adnate, linear. Flesh white, firm, not 2 mm. thick. Clay fields, and 
 about the roots of decayed trees. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1155. P. chondrodenna B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 599, t. 606, fig. A. 
 
 %6vSpo<;, grain; Sep/j,a, skin. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., dark dale brown, fleshy, campanulate, very smooth, 
 cracked here and there in different directions; margin appendiculate 
 with the woven, jagged veil. St. 4-5 cm. x 5-6 mm., paler than the p., 
 subequal, fibrillose, base squamulose. Gills dark brown, edge white, 
 adfixed, separating, ventricose. Flesh yellowish, ferruginous towards 
 the base of the st., thick at the disc. Spores "purple black, elliptical, 
 6-7 x 3-3-5/z" Massee. Fir woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1156. P. scobicola B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 598, t. 607. 
 
 Scobis, saw-dust; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., white, fleshy, convex, umbilicate, smooth. St. 2-5- 
 4 cm. x 4 mm., whitish, subequal, or dilated at the apex, fibrillose. 
 Gills brown with a red tinge, adnexed, broad. Flesh white, thin. Spores 
 pale, elliptical, 8 x 5/A. On pine sawdust, and branches. Nov. Rare. 
 
 **Gills plane, very broad behind, somewhat decurrent. 
 (Deconica W. G. Sm.) 
 
 1157. P. ammophila (Dur. & Mont.) Fr. (= Hypholoma ammo- 
 philum (Mont.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 599, t. 606, fig. B. 
 
 a//,/io<?, sand; </>tA.o9, loving. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., reddish tan, becoming paler, fleshy, campanulate, then 
 convex, and at length flattened, fibrillose. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-3 mm.,
 
 PSILOCYBE 365 
 
 white, becoming yellowish except at the apex, equal, basal half clavate, 
 densely covered with matted mycelium and sunk in the sand, sometimes 
 fusiform and rooting, striate. Gills smoky, then bistre purple, sub- 
 decurrent with a tooth, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, yellowish at the 
 base of the st., very thin at the margin. Spores purple, broadly ellip- 
 tical, 11-12 x 7-8 /z. Sands on the sea shore. Aug. Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1158. P. coprophila (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 600, t. 608, fig. A. 
 
 /eoTTjOO?, dung; <tXo?, loving. 
 
 P. 23 cm., rufescent tan, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, 
 umbonate, slightly viscid, smooth. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., rufescent, 
 becoming pale, attenuated upwards, at first containing a pith, shaggy- 
 flocculose, the smooth and shining apex pruinose. Veil reddish, 
 floccose, very fugacious Gills livid, then fuscous, somewhat arcuato- 
 decurrent, very broad, 4-6 mm., crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores 
 purple, "nearly lemon-shaped, 11-12 x 7 8ju,, smooth, with a very 
 thick membrane. Cystidia cylindric-fusif orm, 40-50 x 8-10 p, " Rick. 
 On dung, especially cow and rabbit. Pastures, and manure heaps. 
 Sept. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1159. P. bullacea (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 600, t. 608, fig. B. 
 
 Bullacea, having a knob. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., dark bay brown tawny, then ochraceous brick and tan 
 when dry, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, then expanded, umbonate, 
 covered with a viscid, separable pellicle, striate ; margin at first appen- 
 diculate with the white, floccose, fugacious veil. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 
 2 mm., slightly tawny, becoming yellow, fuscous ferruginous at the base, 
 equal, or attenuated at the base, slightly fibrillose, apex pruinose. 
 Gills livid-whitish, then fuscous purple, adnate, somewhat triangular, 
 plane, crowded. Flesh brown, very thin at the margin. Spores purple, 
 pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4-5 p. Cystidia "on the edge of the gill, filamentous " 
 Rick. Gregarious. Horse dung, pastures, and amongst Polytricha. 
 April Oct. Common, (v.v.} 
 
 1160. P. physaloides (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 601, t. 609, fig. A. 
 
 <f>v<ra\i<;, a bladder; etSo?, like. 
 
 P. 11-5 cm., fuscous purple, then tan, or flesh colour, paler round the 
 margin, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, at length flattened, 
 with a prominent umbo, finally depressed round the umbo, often striate, 
 pelliculoso-viscid, smooth, shining. St. 23 cm. x 2 mm., becoming 
 pale, base date brown, equal, filiform, flexile, adpressedly fibrillose. 
 Gills pallid, or flesh colour, then ferruginous-fuscous, adnate, subde- 
 current, equally attenuated from the st. Flesh whitish, subferruginous 
 at the base of the st., thin. Spores "yellowish under the microscope,
 
 366 PSILOCYBE 
 
 oval, 8-9 x 5-6 /u-. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous" Eick. 
 Heaths, pastures, rarely on dung. Feb. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1161. P. atrorufa (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaefl. Icon. t. 234. 
 
 Ater, black; rufa, red. 
 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., black-rufous, or purple-fuscous, becoming very pale 
 when dry, fleshy, hemispherico-convex, obtuse, or with a knob, 
 smooth, striate at the margin when in full vigour, without striae when 
 dry. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid date brown, equal, fibrillose, or 
 smooth, fragile, apex pruinose. Gills greyish, then umber, or purple 
 umber, adnate, subdecurrent, triangular, broad, edge white. Flesh 
 thin. Spores "yellowish under the microscope, oval-elliptical, 7-8 x 
 4-5/1. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform-subulate, 30-36 x 4-6 /u," 
 Rick. Mixed woods. Nov. Rare. 
 
 1162. P. nuciseda Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 601, t. 609, fig. B. 
 
 Nux, a nut; sedeo, I sit. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., light yellowish, fleshy, convex, subumbonate, slightly 
 silky when dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, becoming fuscous, at- 
 tenuated downwards, tough, base white villose. Gills fuscous, then 
 umber black, adnate, scarcely decurrent, broad, plane. Flesh yellow- 
 ish, thin. Spores "brown, elliptical, 8 x 4/u," Massee. Beech mast, 
 hazel nuts, and among chips. Rare. 
 
 ***Gills somewhat linear, ascending. 
 
 1163. P. tegularis (Schum.) Fr. Tegula, a tile. 
 P. tan colour, fleshy, acorn-shaped, then campanulate, smooth, 
 
 rimosely areolate. St. pallid, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, 
 firm. Gills becoming fuscous, attenuato-adnexed, ascending, crowded. 
 Grassy places. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1164. P. compta Fr. (= Agaricus comptulus B. & Br. non Fr.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 603, t. 589, fig. A. Compta, adorned. 
 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., pallid, then ochraceous, submembranaceous, conical, 
 then expanded, striate, sprinkled with shining spots; margin sub- 
 crenulate. St. 5 cm. x 23 mm., pallid, pale rufous downwards, 
 flexuose, silky-shining. Gills rosy umber, adnate, ascending, distant. 
 Flesh white, thin. Spores purple brown. Amongst grass. Woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1165. P. semilanceata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 604, t. 572. 
 
 Semi-, half; lanceata, spear-shaped. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., yellow, green, or fuscous, submembranaceous, acutely 
 conical, almost cuspidate, 10-15 mm. high, never expanded, covered 
 with a viscid pellicle, separable in wet weather; margin incurved when
 
 PSILOCYBE 367 
 
 young, slightly striate. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, equal, often 
 flexuose, containing a pith, capable of being twisted round the finger, 
 smooth, cortinate when young. Gills cream colour, then purple black, 
 ascending into the apex of the cone, adnexed, almost linear, crowded. 
 Flesh white, thin. Spores purple, 11-13 x 6-7-5 ju,. Cystidia on edge 
 of gill flask-shaped, or fusiform-subulate, 18-22 x 5-7 /n. Woods, 
 heaths, pastures, and roadsides. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 605, t. 573. 
 
 Caerulescens, becoming blue. 
 
 Differs from the type in the base of the st. turning indigo-blue. 
 Heaths, and pastures. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1166. P. callosa Fr. Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 27, fig. 3. 
 
 Callosa, thick-skinned. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., livid, becoming fuscous, yellow, or whitish, fleshy, conical, 
 then campanulato-convex, obtuse, or broadly gibbous, smooth, dry. 
 St. 5-7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., yellowish, becoming pallid, equal, often 
 flexuose, smooth, tough. Gills cream colour, then fuliginous black, 
 adnate, ascending, ventricose, crowded. Flesh thin. Spores "dark to 
 dark brown, elliptic-oval, triangular-globose, of various sizes and 
 shapes, 5-11 x 4-6 /A" Herpell. Pastures, lawns, and roadsides. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 II. No veil. St. rigid. P. scarcely with a pellicle, but the flesh most 
 frequently scissile, hygrophanous. Gills adnexed, very rarely 
 adnate. 
 
 1167. P. canobmnnea (Batsch) Fr. (= Psathyra canobrunnea (Batsch) 
 Quel.) Canus, hoary; brunnea, brown. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., watery pallid, or fuscous flesh colour, becoming pallid 
 tan, dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, sometimes cracked 
 into small squares, somewhat viscid when moist. St. 5-6 cm. x 6- 
 10 mm., whitish, rigid, equal, rooting at the base, squamulose. Gills 
 pallid, then fuscous purple, somewhat free, ventricose, 6 mm. broad, 
 somewhat crowded. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores "very dark in the 
 mass, narrowly elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/x, brown, almost opaque. Cys- 
 tidia on edge of gill clavate-filamentous, 45-50 x 5-7 JM" Rick. Soli- 
 tary, or laxly gregarious. Grassy places in woods, and burnt ground 
 in beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1168. P. spadicea Fr. (= Psathyra spadicea (Fr.) Quel.) 
 
 Spadicea, date brown. 
 
 P. 3-12 cm., date-brown-umber, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, moist in rainy weather, often 
 broken up in cracks when dry, hygrophanous] margin inflexed when
 
 368 PSILOCYBE 
 
 young. St. 4-10 cm. x 3-10 mm., white, firm, subcartilaginous, equal, 
 often curved, smooth, silky. Grills whitish, then flesh colour, at length 
 umber, rounded adnexed, crowded, arid. Flesh whitish, soft, somewhat 
 thick at the disc. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 9 x 5-6/u,, 1- 
 guttulate. Solitary, or subcaespitose. On stumps, and on the ground. 
 Woods, and pastures. April Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. hygrophila Fr. 7/309, moisture ; (1X09, loving. 
 
 Differs from the type in its larger size, the bullate p., the long, 10 
 15 cm., subfusiform rooting st., and the emarginate gills deeply decurrent 
 in the form of lines. Base of ash trees, and stumps. Oct. Eare. 
 
 var. polycephala Fr. TroXv?, many; Ke^a\f], head. 
 
 Differs from the type in the more slender, densely crowded pilei, and 
 the connately branched, thinner, flexuose stems. Prostrate trunks. 
 Rare. 
 
 1169. P. cernua (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (= Psathyra cernua (Fl. Dan.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 607, t. 574. Cernua, nodding. 
 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., livid, inclining to pale when moist, white when dry, 
 hygrophanous, fleshy, fragile, campanulate, then flattened, obtuse, 
 smooth, or atomate under a lens, slightly wrinkled when dry, often 
 slightly pellucid-striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 3-4 mm., shining white, equal, 
 round, rigid-fragile, sometimes curved, smooth, apex mealy. Gills 
 white, then cinereous-blackish, adnate, at first linear, then ventricose, 
 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores "dark 
 brown in the mass, brown under the microscope, subcylindrical, 
 7-8 x 3-4/A, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill clavate-bottle-shaped, 
 36-40 x 12-20 ju," Rick. Solitary, or gregarious. On dead wood, 
 chips, leaves. Aug. Dec. Uncommon. 
 
 1170. P. squalens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 137, fig. 2. Squakns, dirty. 
 P. 2*5-5 cm., ferruginous, with a lurid tinge, becoming pale and dirty 
 
 tan when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or depressed, smooth. 
 St. 2-55 cm. x 24 mm., concolorous, equal, slightly rigid, obsoletely 
 fibrillose, apex somewhat pruinose, striate. Gills clay colour, then 
 umber cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, ventricose, 4 mm. broad, crowded. 
 Flesh becoming whitish, thin. Spores fuscous ferruginous. Solitary, 
 or subcaespitose. On rotten trunks. Rare. 
 
 1171. P. hebes Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 137, fig. 3, minor. Hebes, blunt. 
 P. 23 cm., lurid, pale when dry, hygrophanous, fleshy, convex, then 
 
 expanded, obtuse, smooth, somewhat viscid, slightly striate at the 
 margin when moist, even when dry. St. 4-5 cm. x 4 mm., becoming 
 pale white, cartilaginous, rigid, equal, smooth. Gills white, becoming f us-
 
 PSILOCYBE. PANAEOLUS 369 
 
 cous, wholly adnate, very broad behind, triangular, rigid, arid, crowded. 
 Flesh cinereous, thin at the margin. Spores black purple, "elliptical, 
 14-16 x 7/x"Massee. Commonly solitary. On trunks in beech woods, 
 and amongst grass and leaves near chestnut trees. Nov. Rare. 
 
 1172. P. foenisecii (Pers.) Fr. (== Psathyra foenisecii (Pers.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 608, t. 590. Foenisecia, hay-harvest. 
 
 P. 1-5-2-5 cm., pale fuliginous fuscous, or brown, becoming pak from 
 the disc outwards in drying, fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, 
 smooth, slightly wrinkled in very dry weather. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2- 
 4 mm., rufescent, at first paler and white pulverulent, somewhat 
 pubescent, then naked, equal, rigid fragile, tense and straight. Gills 
 inclining to fuscous, livid fuscous at the sides, then umber, adnate, ven- 
 tricose in front, hence appearing broadly emarginate, subdistant, edge 
 white. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores cinereous purple, 
 almond-shaped, 12-15 x 7-9/z. Cystidia on edge of gill cylindrical, 
 flexuose, apex obtuse, 4-7 /z in diam., base ventricose, 29-42 x 9-1 1/z. 
 Taste mild. Edible. Pastures, lawns, heaths, and roadsides. Feb. 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1173. P. clivensis B. & Br. Cke. lUus. no. 1183, t. 969. 
 
 Clivensis, belonging to a hill. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., pallid brown, then pallid ochre inclining to white, sub- 
 hemispherical, smooth, sprinkled with shining particles; margin striate. 
 St. 2-54 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, nearly equal, base slightly clavate, 
 somewhat silky. Gills umber, edge white, adnate, widely emarginate, 
 45 mm. broad, ventricose in front. Flesh brownish, becoming whitish, 
 thin. Spores cinereous purple, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 6-7 /z, 1-2- 
 guttulate. Heaths, and pastures. June Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1174. P. catervata Massee. Catervata, crowded. 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., snow white, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, satiny. 
 
 St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, usually rather wavy, shining, brittle. 
 Gills grey, then brown with a tinge of purple, edge white, slightly ad- 
 nexed, rather broad, crowded. Flesh white, rather thick. Spores 
 brown with a purple tinge, elliptic-oblong, 12 x 4ju,. Densely fascicu- 
 late. On the ground. Oct. Rare. 
 
 P. spadiceo-grisea (SchaefL) Boud. = Psathyra spadiceo-grisea (Schaeff.) 
 Fr. 
 
 Spores black, or blackish. 
 
 Panaeolus Fr. 
 (Travaio\o<$, all variegated.) 
 
 Pileus slightly fleshy, regular, viscid, or dry, margin exceeding the 
 gills. Gills adnate, or adnexed, variegated with the dark spores. 
 Spores black, or fuscous black, elliptical, oblong ovate, boat-shaped, 
 B, B. B. 24
 
 370 PANAEOLUS 
 
 or almond-shaped; smooth, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia 
 present. Growing on dung and rich soil, solitary, or caespitose. 
 
 *P. viscid, shining when dry. 
 
 1175. P. leucophanes B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 625, t. 927, fig. A. 
 
 \evic6$, white; <f>at,va), I appear. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., white, here and there somewhat ochraceous, campanulate, 
 obtuse, viscid, shining when dry, innately silky; margin appendiculate 
 with the veil. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, attenuated upwards, 
 fibrillose, sprinkled with mealy particles, somewhat transversely un- 
 dulated. Gills pallid grey flesh colour, then black, adnate, edge white. 
 Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores black, "red-brown under the 
 microscope, elliptical, with a flattened germ-pore, 10-12 x 6-7 /*. 
 Cystidia on edge of gill clavate-vesiculose, 30-36 x 9-lOju," Kick. 
 Pastures. Aug. Rare. 
 
 1176. P. egregius Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 624, t. 624. 
 
 Egregius, distinguished. 
 
 P. 4-5 cm., bright orange brown, disc darker, fleshy, ovate-campanu- 
 late, 6 cm. high, smooth, viscid when moist, with a trace of agglutinated 
 down, slightly wrinkled when dry; margin exceeding the gills. St. 
 12-5 cm. x 12 mm., pale brown, duller than the p., slightly thickened 
 at the base, fibrillose, readily splitting longitudinally, base white 
 and cottony, apex smooth. Gills brownish black, with a tinge of purple 
 at maturity, adnexed, ventricose, 12 mm. broad, thin, crowded, dry, 
 not deliquescent; edge paler. Flesh ochraceous, thick at the disc. 
 Spores brown, then blackish, oblong ovate, with a minute apiculus, 
 15-17 x 7-8/x,. Solitary. On the ground. Jan. Rare. 
 
 1177. P. phalaenamm Fr. <f>d\cuva, a moth. 
 P. 14 cm., clay white, fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, viscid, 
 
 smooth ; margin appendiculate with the fugacious veil. St. 6-10 cm. 
 x 3-4 mm., pallid rufescent, equal, slightly firm, pruinose. Gills grey, 
 then cinereous black, adnexed, broad. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores black, 
 "elliptical, 10 x 6/n" Massee. On dung, especially cow. Rich pas- 
 tures. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **P. moist, opaque, bibulous, subflocculose when dry. 
 
 1178. P. retirugis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 628, t. 627. 
 
 Rete, a net; ruga, a wrinkle. 
 
 P. 13 cm.., flesh tan colour, or pale grey, fleshy, globose, then hemi- 
 spherical, often subumbonate, reticulate with raised ribs, atomate, 
 opaque; margin appendiculate with the dentate, torn, fugacious veil. 
 St. 5-9 cm. x 2-4 mm., flesh colour, becoming purple, equal, pruinose. 
 Gills cinereous blackish, adfixed, ascending. Flesh thin. Spores black, 
 "olive black under the microscope, nearly lemon-shaped, 12-14 x 8-
 
 PAN AEOLUS 371 
 
 9/M, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous-clavate, 30-36 x 5- 
 6/z" Rick. On dung. Pastures, and parks. April Nov. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1179. P. sphinctrinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 629, t. 628. 
 
 a-faytcTijp, a band. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., fuliginous, or fuliginous grey, livid when dry, hygro- 
 phanous, fleshy, oval, then campanulate, 2-2-5 cm. high, never ex- 
 panded, obtuse, always opaque, moist in rainy weather, somewhat silky 
 when dry; margin crenate with the appendiculate, fugacious, white veil. 
 St. 2*5 7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., fuliginous grey, tense and straight, equal, 
 fragile, pruinose, apex smooth. Gills cinereous blackish, adnate, 
 ascending, crowded, edge often white. Flesh reddish, fairly thick. 
 Spores black, globose-elliptical, 13-14 x 9-10/z, with a hyaline germ- 
 pore at each end. Cystidia on the edge of the gill cylindrical, 
 flexuose, apex obtuse, 4-5 p in diam., base often subventricose, 
 30-38 x 6-7 fj,. Rich pastures, and garden soil. April Nov. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 ***P. dry, smooth, slightly shining, not zoned. 
 
 1180. P. campanulatus (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 630, t. 629. 
 
 Campanulatus, bell-shaped. 
 
 P. 13 cm., fuscous fuliginous, rufescent when dry, fleshy, campanu- 
 late, at length convex, often umbonate, slightly viscid when moist, 
 then somewhat shining, often excoriated when dry. St. 6-9 cm. x 
 2-4 mm., rufescent, whitish pruinose at first, equal, tense and straight, 
 apex striate. Grills varying grey and black, adnate, ascending, crowded, 
 edge often white, and distilling watery drops. Flesh reddish, thin. 
 Spores black, almond-shaped, 10-12 x J-Sp,. Cystidia cylindrical, 
 flexuose, apex obtuse, 4-6/z in diam., 35-40 x 7-9 /z. On dung, 
 especially horse. Pastures, and gardens. June Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1181. P. papilionaceus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 631, t. 630. 
 
 Papilionaceus, like a butterfly. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., pallid, or pale grey, disc reddish, hemispherical, pruinose, 
 rimosely cracked when dry. St. 2-5-7 cm. x 3-6 mm., whitish, equal, 
 or attenuated downwards, apex white pulverulent. Gills blackish, 
 broadly adnate, 6-15 mm. broad, at length plane, edge often white. 
 Flesh pallid, then whitish, thick at the disc. Spores black, almond- 
 shaped, 14-15 x 7-8 JM, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "on edge 
 of gill clavate-capitate, 30-36 x 6-7 /A" Rick. On dung, and on the 
 ground. Pastures, and woods. June Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1182. P. caliginosus (Jungh.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 632, t. 631, fig. A. 
 
 Caliginosus, dark. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., brown, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, smooth. St. 4-7 cm. 
 x 2 mm., concolorous, equal, even, naked. Veil very thin, or obsolete. 
 
 242
 
 372 PANAEOLUS 
 
 Gills fuliginous black, slightly adnexed, ascending, lanceolate. Flesh 
 thin. Spores "blackish, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /A" Massee. Rich pas- 
 tures, and lawns. Oct. Nov. Rare. 
 
 ****P. dry, smooth, zoned round the margin. 
 
 1183. P. subbalteatus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 632, t. 631, fig. B. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; balteatus, belted. 
 
 P. 25 cm., dull deep fawn colour, pallid when dry, hygrophanous, 
 fleshy, convex, margin slightly incurved, then expanded, obtuse, or 
 slightly umbonate, irregular, slightly wrinkled, marked near the margin 
 with a dark, narrow zone. St. 5-8 cm. x 2 mm., red brown, equal, 
 brittle, stringy, splitting longitudinally, marked with short white fibrils. 
 Gills brownish, adnate, slightly ventricose, edge white, slightly toothed. 
 Flesh brownish, thick at the disc. Spores "black, opaque, almost 
 lemon-shaped, 13-14 x 8-9/A. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous, 
 with a brown apex, 36-45 x 6-7 /u," Rick. Caespitose. In a tare-field. 
 Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1184. P. acuminatus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 633, t. 632, fig. A. 
 
 Acuminatus, pointed. 
 
 P. 1-5-2-5 cm., flesh tan colour, fleshy, conical, acuminate, smooth, 
 shining, zoned with a blackish line round the margin which is at first 
 crenulate. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid above, fuscous below, 
 equal, pruinose, base thickened. Gills whitish, then blackish, adnexed, 
 ventricose, broad. Flesh pallid, fuscous towards the base of the st., 
 thin. Spores black, "opaque when mature, lemon-shaped, 12-15 x 
 8-10ju. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous, 50-70 x 4-6 /x" Rick. 
 On dung. Pastures, and roadsides. Oct. Nov. Rare. 
 
 1185. P. fimicola Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 633, t. 632, fig. B. 
 
 Fimus, dung; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., fuliginous grey, clay hoary when dry, fleshy, campanu- 
 late, then convex, obtuse, smooth, opaque, marked round the margin 
 with a narrow fuscous zone, and inside this with a white one. St. 
 5-10 crn. x 2 mm., becoming dingy pale, equal, soft-fragile, obsoletely 
 slightly silky striate, apex white pruinose. Gills variegated grey and 
 fuliginous, adnate, slightly rounded, somewhat ventricose, broad, 
 almost semi-ovate, edge often white. Flesh grey white, thin. Spores 
 brownish black, "nearly transparent, subelliptical, 11-12 x 7-8 p,, 
 smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill, cylindrical-filamentous, rarely flask- 
 shaped, 40-50 x 6-12/i" Rick. On dung. Rich pastures. April 
 Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 var. cinctnhis (Bolt.) Cke. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 152. 
 
 Cinctulus, a little girdle. 
 Differs from the type in the reddish cinnamon p. with broad brown
 
 PANAEOLUS. MYCENA 373 
 
 marginal zone, and the dingy brown st. On dunghills after rain. June 
 
 July. Not found since the time of Bolton. 
 
 P. caudatus (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyrella caudate Fr. 
 
 P. atomatus (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyrella atomata Fr. 
 
 tfMargin of pileus straight, at first adpressed to the stem. 
 
 Spores white. 
 
 Mycena Fr. 
 
 (jiv/cr)*;, a fungus.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, regular; margin straight, 
 never incurved. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, or sinuato- 
 adnate with a decurrent tooth. Spores white, elliptical, oval, globose, 
 or oblong elliptical; smooth, punctate, or verrucose; continuous. 
 Cystidia present, very rarely absent. Growing on the ground, or on 
 wood; solitary, or caespitose. 
 
 I. St. juiceless, base not dilated into a disc. Edge of gills 
 darker, denticulate. 
 
 1186. M. pelianthina Fr. (= Mycena denticulata (Bolt.) Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 216, t. 156, fig. 1. 7T\iaivojjiai, to be livid. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., pale purple livid, becoming whitish when dry, diaphanous, 
 fleshy, convex, obtuse, or obsoletely umbonate; margin striate. St. 
 5-8 cm. x 2-5 mm., concolorous, equal, sometimes incurved at the 
 base, firm, apex fibrillosely striate. Gills dark violaceous, edge blackish 
 violet, denticulate, truncato-adnexed, very sinuate, distant, very ele- 
 gantly connected by a network of veins. Flesh whitish, somewhat yellow- 
 ish under the pellicle of the p., thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 
 67 x 3jii, 1-2-guttulate. Basidia clavate, with 4-sterigmata. Cys- 
 tidia filled with a dark purplish juice or colourless, cylindric-fusiform, 
 60-100 x 10-12jLt. Smell of radish. Amongst dead leaves in woods, 
 especially beech. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1187. M. carneosanguinea Eea. Caro, flesh; sanguinea, blood-red. 
 P. 2-5-3 cm., livid grey, disc tinging rufous, becoming paler, fleshy, 
 
 convex, subumbonate, smooth. St. 4 cm. x 5-9 mm., grey, equal, 
 base yellowish, incrassated, clad with short mycelial strands. Gills 
 dull purplish brown, adnate, broad in front; edge denticulate, blood-red. 
 Flesh of p. and apex of st. white, changing to blood-red. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 4-5 x 2-3/x, 1-guttulate. Woods. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1188. M. marginella Fr. (= Mycena mirabilis Cke. & Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 1148, t. 951, fig. A, as Mycena mirabilis Cke. & Quel. 
 
 Margo, a border. 
 
 P. 6-8 mm., somewhat fuscous when young, fleshy, campanulate, 
 umbo darker, smooth, slightly striate elsewhere and somewhat
 
 374 MYCENA 
 
 azure-blue-floccose. St. 6-7 cm. x 1-2 mm., azure-blue-floccose, equal, 
 tomentosely rooting. Gills white, or cinereous, slightly adnexed, dis- 
 tant; edge fringed with azure-blue, or red floccules. Flesh tinged with 
 blue, thin at the margin. Spores white. Fir trunks amongst Hypnum 
 cupressiforme. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 1189. M. avenacea (Fr.) Schroet. Avenacea, oaten. 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., dirty yellowish brown, disc often darker and obtusely 
 
 umbonate, submembranaceous, campanulate, 1 cm. high, wrinkled 
 when dry; margin striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 1-2 mm., yellowish brown, 
 apex paler, equal, tough, shining, base white floccose. Gills dirty white, 
 or greyish, slightly adnexed, fairly distant, 1-5-2 mm. broad; edge 
 floccose, brown. Spores white, ovate ellipsoid, 9-11 x 5-6 /i. Cystidia 
 filled with a brownish juice, flask-shaped, pointed above, sometimes 
 branched, attenuated at base, 45-70 x 6-12 x 2-5-3/x at apex. 
 Woods, hedgerows and wood stacks. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon. 
 (9.9.) 
 
 var. olivaceo-marginata (Massee) Rea. Cke. Ulus. no. 1153, t. 959, 
 fig. A, as Mycena olivaceo-marginata Massee. 
 
 Olivaceus, olive-coloured; marginata, bordered. 
 Differs from the type in the smaller spores, 6-7 x 4-5 /i. Amongst 
 short grass in pastures, hill sides, and hedgerows. Sept. Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1190. M. aurantio-marginata Fr. Fl. Dan. t. 1292. 
 
 Aurantius, orange; marginata, bordered. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., olivaceous-fuscous, or olivaceous tan, becoming paler, 
 fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, or obsoletely umbonate, 
 smooth; margin striate when moist. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellow- 
 ish, or greyish, firm, equal, smooth, base inflated ventricose, clothed with 
 strigose yellow hairs. Gills grey, then greenish livid, very attenuato- 
 adnexed, very ventricose, crowded, connected by veins ; edge orange, 
 floccose. Flesh fuscous, becoming whitish, thick at the disc. Spores 
 white, elliptical, or pip-shaped with a lateral apiculus, 6-8 x 4-5/i. 
 Cystidia filled with a yellowish juice, broadly clavate, or bludgeon- 
 shaped, coarsely verrucose, 30-34 x 12/z. Smell none, or strong. 
 Grassy places in woods and amongst conifer needles. Aug. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1191. M. elegans (Pers.) Fr. Elegans, graceful. 
 P. 10-12 mm., yellow fuscous, or light yellow livid, opaque, mem- 
 
 branaceous, campanulate, more or less umbonate; margin saffron 
 coloured, slightly sulcate. St. 5-6 cm. x 2 mm., deep, or light yellow, 
 apex paler, rigid, tense and straight, equal, base attached to its sup- 
 port by yellow bristling filaments. Gills greyish, adnate, decurrent with
 
 MYCENA 375 
 
 a tooth, linear, 2 mm. broad ; edge darker, saffron yellow. Flesh white, 
 thin. Spores white, elliptical, with a basal, or subbasal apiculus, 
 8-9 x 4-5 JM. Cystidia "content dark yellow, obovate or bludgeon- 
 shaped, prickly, warted, about 9-1 Ifj, broad" Lange. Coniferous 
 woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1192. M. atro-marginata Fr. (= Mycena balanina Berk. sec. Quel.) 
 Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 3. Ater, black; marginata, bordered. 
 
 P. 1-53 cm., cinereous-fuscous, or purplish fuscous, paler at the 
 margin, very membranaceous, conical, then conico-campanulate, 
 1-5-3 cm. high, lax, deeply sulcate, smooth, slightly viscid when moist. 
 St. 4-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, apex paler, strict, very fragile, 
 equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, sometimes twisted, sulcate', 
 base rooting, white tomentose. Gills whitish grey, then flesh colour, 
 slightly adnexed, attenuated behind, almost linear, narrow, 2-3 mm. 
 broad, subdistant, often slightly connected by veins; edge black, very 
 thin. Flesh white, purplish in the stem, thin. Spores white, oblong- 
 elliptic, 10-12 x 7/x, with a large central gutta. Pine woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1193. M. balanina Berk. (= Mycena atro-marginata Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 216, t. 156, fig. 2. fiaXavos, an acorn. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., ochraceous with a slight tinge of umber, fleshy membrana- 
 ceous, convex, somewhat campanulate, obtusely umbonate, at length 
 more or less expanded, minutely pulverulent, slightly rugulose, striate 
 when moist. St. 6-7 cm. x 2-4 mm., white and pruinose above, deep 
 sienna-brown below, attenuated downwards, flexuose, rigid, shining, 
 quite smooth; base dark brown, villose. Gills pale, or whitish with a 
 pinkish tinge, quite free, rounded, 3 mm. broad, connected by veins, 
 edge fringed with dull purple spiculae, which are also sprinkled over the 
 surface. On beech mast, and amongst oak leaves. 
 
 1194. M. rubro-marginata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 4. 
 
 Ruber, red; marginata, bordered. 
 
 P. 12 cm., red-livid, or purple fuscous, becoming pale, sometimes 
 almost white, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, 
 striate, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid livid, rigid-fragile, 
 equal, often curved, smooth, base slightly thickened. Gills whitish, 
 then grey, adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, distant; edge fuscous 
 purple, then brown. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, boat-shaped, 
 12-13 x 3-4-5/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "claviform, pointed at the 
 free end, 50-60 x 10-16/u, filled with brownish juice" Barbier; "with 
 one or more sterigma-like projections on the top" Rick. Pine, and 
 larch woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.)
 
 376 MYCENA 
 
 var. fusco-purpurea (Lasch) Cke. Fuscus, brown; purpurea, purple. 
 
 Differs from the type in the purple brown p., the finely striate st. 
 villosely rooting at the base, and the eroded, brown edge of the gills. 
 Willow trunks, and amongst dead leaves. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 1195. M. strobilina Fr. o-rpo/StXtvo?, belonging to a pine cone. 
 
 P. 6-12 mm., persistently scarlet, often paler at the circumference, 
 membranaceous, conical, then campanulate, acutely umbonate, slightly 
 striate, smooth, dry. St. 3-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., concolorous, slightly 
 rigid, equal, smooth, base white strigose. Gills rosy red, adnate, de- 
 current with a tooth, distant, alternate ; edge darker, deep blood colour. 
 Flesh reddish, very thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 7-9 x 4-4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Cystidia " on edge of gill elongate-vesicu- 
 lose, 45-50 x 15-18/x" Rick. Gregarious. On pine needles, occa- 
 sionally in beech woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1196. M. rosella Fr. (= Mycena rosea (Pers.) Sacc.) 
 
 Rosella, somewhat rose-coloured. 
 
 Rose colour, becoming pale. P. 7-10 mm., membranaceous, cam- 
 panulate, then hemispherical, obtusely umbonate, slightly hygro- 
 phanous, striate. St. 2-3-5 cm. x 1 mm., equal, soft, base white 
 tomentose. Gills rose colour, adnate, with a tooth, subdistant, edge 
 blackish purple. Flesh white, reddish in the st., very thin at the margin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4/u,. Cystidia "obovate or bludgeon- 
 shaped, 42 x 7-15ju,, occasionally the apex drawn out, somewhat 
 bottle-neck-like, the free portion more or less warted, filled with a 
 reddish or pinkish juice" Lange and Schroeter. On coniferous needles. 
 June Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1197. M. atrovirens Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. 
 
 Ater, black; virens, green. 
 
 P. 8 mm., blackish green, paler and whitish at the striate margin, 
 bright green at the circumference, slightly fleshy, hemispherical, smooth, 
 somewhat viscid on the disc at first. St. 3 cm. x 1 mm., cinereous, 
 or greyish fuliginous, equal, smooth. Gills whitish, green and minutely 
 toothed on the edge especially towards the margin of the p., adnate, 
 2 mm. broad, subdistant, attenuated in front. Flesh fuscous, thin. 
 Smell and taste none. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, often 
 with an oblique apiculus, 5-6 x 3/u,, minutely punctate; basidia 
 clavate, 23-25 x 6-7 p,, with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia on edge of gill 
 abundant, often fasciculate, slightly clavate, or cylindrical, 35-40 x 
 3-4 /A, flexuose, filled with a greenish juice, thin walled. Beech stumps. 
 Oct. Rare, (v.v.)
 
 MYCENA 377 
 
 II. St. juiceless, base not dilated into a disc. Gills unicolorous, not 
 changing colour. P. pure coloured, bright, not becoming fuscous, nor 
 cinereous. 
 
 1198. M. pura (Pers.) Fr. (= M ycena pseudopura Cke.) Pura, clean. 
 P. 28 cm., rose, purple, lilac, bluish-grey, or white, fleshy, cam- 
 
 pamilate, then expanded, at length rather plane, sometimes um- 
 bonate; margin striate. St. 3 10 cm. x 2-6 mm., concolorous, or 
 whitish, tough, polished, equal, or attenuated upwards when larger, 
 smooth, base white villose. Gills pallid, or whitish, adnate, broad, 
 ventricose, connected by veins. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 6-9 x 3-5-4/n, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia on gill edge 
 only, hyaline, cylindrical, broadly fusiform, or bladder-like, obtuse, 
 more rarely somewhat pointed, becoming larger with age, 4560 x 
 11-20 x 5-10/x, at apex. Smell and taste of radish. Poisonous. 
 Woods and pastures. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. carnea Rea. Carnea, fleshy. 
 
 Differs from the type in the fleshy, fibrillose st. Amongst oak and 
 
 beech leaves in deciduous woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. multicolor Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 114. 
 
 MuUus, many; color, colour. 
 
 P. 3-5-5 cm., bright greyish blue, umbo fulvous. St. 5-7 cm. x 4- 
 8 mm., rosy purple, base becoming yellowish, white tomentose. Gills 
 grey. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3/i (7-9 x 4-5/A Bres.). Cystidia 
 cylindrical, or ventricosely fusiform, rarely subclavate. Amongst 
 leaves. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1199. M. zephirus Fr. (= Mycena spiripes (Schwartz) Sacc.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 78, fig. 6. Ze^vpo?, the west wind. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., livid reddish, whitish flesh colour, or greyish, disc occa- 
 sionally becoming fuscous, diaphanous, submembranaceous, campanu- 
 late, then convex, striate to the middle. St. 3-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., lilac, 
 becoming rufescent, fragile, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, 
 slightly striate, at first clad with deciduous, white scales; base incurved, 
 woolly. Gills white, or flesh coloured, adnate, subdecurrent with a 
 small tooth, at length separating, broad, slightly connected by veins. 
 Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-9 x 4/u, 
 1-4-guttulate. Cystidia "obovate, globose, or clavate, 40-60 x 16- 
 25 ,u, crowned with 1-4-finger-like, often branched protuberances, 
 sometimes only toothed" v. Hoehnel. Gregarious. Amongst fir 
 needles, or decayed fir wood, and amongst dead leaves. Sept. Dec. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1200. M. Seynii Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. Fr. xxm, t. 2, fig. 9. M. de Seynes. 
 P. 1-2 cm., rosy vinous, disc greyish, pellucid, very thin, campanu-
 
 378 MYCENA 
 
 late, then convex, silky. St. 35 cm. x 2 mm., hyaline white, be- 
 coming purplish, often flattened, bristling with white hairs at the 
 base. Gills rose, or lilac, adnate by a tooth, distant, reticulately con- 
 nected by veins, firm. Spores white, punctate, elliptical, 7-13 [JL, 
 barrel-shaped. Smell none, taste like turnips. Fasciculate. Pine 
 cones. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1201. M. flavipes Quel. (= Mycena Renati Quel.) Quel. Jur. et Vosg. 
 ii, t. 1, fig. 4. Flavus, light yellow; pes, foot. 
 
 P. -5-2 cm., rosy pink, or violaceous, disc brownish, membranaceous, 
 campanulate, striate, pellucid, smooth, wrinkled when dry. St. 
 25 cm. x 12 mm., yellow amber, pellucid, tough, curved, shining, 
 villose base swollen. Gills white, then flesh colour, adnate with a tooth, 
 distant, connected by veins. Flesh yellow in the st., very thin. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 11-12 x 6-7 /*, punctate. Cystidia "only on the edge 
 of the gill, very numerous, threadlike above, long and ventricose 
 below, 26-35 x 10-lQp" v. Hoehnel. Smell faint, of radish. On fir 
 branches, and stumps. June Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1202. M. clavus (Linn.) Rea. (= Mycena rubella Quel.) Boud. Icon. 
 t. 68, as Mycena rubella Quel. Clavus, a nail. 
 
 P. 512 mm., orange scarlet, disc often darker, fleshy, conico-convex, 
 then plane, umbo acute, diaphanous, smooth; margin pale, striate. 
 St. 2-4 cm. x 2 mm., white, hyaline, with a fugacious, rosy tint at 
 the apex, equal, smooth, base woolly. Gills white, then rose colour, 
 edge paler, adnexed. Flesh of p. red. of st. white, very thin. Spores 
 white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4/z, multigranular. Cystidia 
 "only on the edge of the gill, sparse, rigid and threadlike above, 
 ventricose below, 28-32 x 10/x," v. Hoehnel. On twigs, leaves, and 
 amongst mosses. Aug. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1203. M. coccinea (Sow.) Quel. Coccinea, scarlet colour. 
 P. 5-12 mm., rosy-red, somewhat orange, membranaceous, cam- 
 panulate, striate; margin incurved, wrinkled. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., 
 rose colour, equal, smooth ; base subbulbose, white strigose. Gills rosy, 
 emarginate. Flesh of p. red, whitish or yellowish in the st., very thin. 
 Spores white, pip-shaped, or elliptical, with a basal apiculus, 8-10 x 
 5-6 /A. Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, ventricose, apex pointed, or 
 obtuse, often constricted at about one-third of its length from the 
 apex, 25-35 x 7-10 x 3-5/z at apex. On larch cones, twigs and 
 needles. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1204. M. Adonis (Bull.) Fr. Adonis, son of Cinyras, king of Cyprus. 
 P. 610 mm., rose-red, margin whitish, membranaceous, campanu- 
 late, 6-8 mm. high, minutely and almost obsoletely papillate, smooth, 
 pellucidly striate. St. 35 cm. x 1 mm., shining white, pellucid, fiexuose,
 
 MYCENA 379 
 
 equal, smooth; base swollen, strigose. Gills white, or flesh coloured, 
 uncinato-adnexed, ascending, very thin, narrow, somewhat distant. 
 Flesh of pileus red, of st. white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 often with a basal apiculus, 7-8 x 4/u,, 1-3-guttulate. Basidia "2- 
 spored. Cystidia awl-shaped-conical, long, pointed, up to 60 p," 
 Lange. Woods and pastures. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1205. M. chlorantha Fr. (= Mycena wrens (Bull.) Quel.) Trans. 
 Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 7, as Mycena wrens (Bull.) Quel. 
 
 %X&)/)05, grass green; avOos, flower. 
 
 P. 10-15 mm., olive green, becoming paler, disc yellow, membrana- 
 ceous, conico-campanulate, 4-8 mm. high, then expanded, obtuse, 
 smooth, striate when moist. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., bluish, 
 transparent, firm, straight, smooth, base white villose. Gills white 
 with a slight tinge of green, adnate, narrow, 2 mm. broad, subventri- 
 cose, thin, crowded. Flesh bluish in the st. Spores white, elliptical, 
 8-9 x 5-6/n, 1-guttulate, white in the mass, greenish by transmitted 
 light. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, rarely obtuse, obovate 
 oblong, generally fusiform, conical or bluntly pointed at the apex, 
 27-35 x 9-15/i" v. Hoehnel. Woods, and hedgerows. Aug. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1206. M. lineata (BuU.) Fr. Lineata, striate. 
 P. 6-15 mm., yellow, olivaceous, rarely whitish, generally becoming 
 
 light yellow, very membranaceous, hood-shaped, then campanulate, 
 obtuse, lineato-sulcate to the disc, smooth. St. 4-7 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 concolorous, equal, smooth, base white villose. Gills white, or pale 
 cream, adnate, linear, 2-3 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh yellowish at 
 the disc, very thin at the margin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4/u, 
 or elliptical, often slightly depressed on one side, 9-12 x 5-6 /z, often 
 1-guttulate, punctate. Cystidia pyriform, setulose, 20-25/A in diam. 
 Amongst moss. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. expallens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 5. Expallens, becoming pale. 
 P. 1-2 cm., pale yellow, campanulate, striate up to the disc. St. 
 5cm. x 1 mm., pallid; base white, downy. Gills white, linear, very 
 narrow, rather distant. Amongst moss. 
 
 1207. M. farrea (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 4, wrongly cited as 
 t. 79, fig. 4, in the text 1 . Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. i, t. 2, fig. 1, 
 surface cells of the pileus magnified. Farrea, mealy. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., whitish, or yellowish, often with a tinge of flesh colour, 
 membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, subumbonate, sulcate, 
 covered with a shining pruina (" composed of globose, hollow bodies, 
 1 Plates 79 and 80 are interchanged in some copies of Fries' Icones.
 
 380 MYCENA 
 
 40-50 fi " Plowright) ; margin light yellow, or flesh colour, becoming 
 whitish when dry, at first floccose, crenulate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 white, somewhat fragile, equal, silky-striate, often somewhat rooting. 
 Gills white, adnate, thin, somewhat crowded, connected by veins, often 
 fimbriate. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Amongst moss and heather 
 on heaths. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1208. M. luteo-alba (Bolt.) Fr. Luteus, yellow; alba, white. 
 P. 6-10 mm., yellow, somewhat shining, not becoming pale, mem- 
 
 branaceous, acutely campanulate, umbonate when expanded, slightly 
 pellucidly striate, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., canary yellow, or 
 yellowish, equal, subflexuose, tough, smooth, base subfibrillose. Gills 
 shining white, adnate, somewhat uncinate, at first joined behind, 
 broad, alternate. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-8 x 3-5-4-5/u," Schroeter. 
 Cystidia "scattered, conical, often crowned with threadlike pro- 
 tuberances, 22-36 x 9-12/z, or slightly ventricose, conical, numerous, 
 obtuse, 16-21 x 7-9/x," v. Hoehnel. Amongst moss. Pine woods. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1209. M. flavo-alba Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 5, wrongly cited as t. 79, 
 fig. 5, in text. Flavus, light yellow; alba, white. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., ochraceous, light yellow-white, or wholly white, submem- 
 branaceous, campanulate, then convex, at length flattened, um- 
 bonate, smooth, often striate, scalloped when dry and rimosely split. 
 St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., pellucidly white, or with a yellowish tinge, slightly 
 rigid, fragile, tense and straight, equal, apex pruinose. Gills white, 
 adnato-decurrent, soon separating-free, at length plane, ventricose, 
 distant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 
 6-8 x 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Cystidia flask-shaped, apex subulate, 3-4/z 
 in diam., ventricose at the base, 35-55 x 12-15/x. Pastures, heaths, 
 and woods. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1210. M. chelidonia Fr. 1 (= Mycena pumila (Sow.) Quel.; Mycena 
 raeborhiza (Lasch) Gill.) Fr. Icon. t. 83, fig. 4, as Mycena rae- 
 borhiza Lasch. ^e\i8(av, a swallow. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., yellow flesh colour, or somewhat tawny, becoming paler 
 flesh colour, or whitish at the margin, submembranaceous, campanu- 
 late, conical, fragile, pruinose, pellucidly striate when moist, even when 
 dry. St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, or becoming yellow, equal, tough, 
 rooting, smooth, apex mealy, base villose. Gills whitish, becoming 
 yellowish, or flesh colour, adnate, or somewhat free, subdistant, at 
 length connected by veins. Flesh yellowish, thin at the margin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 3 x 1-5-2^, 1-guttulate ("subglobose, 6-8 /x, 
 or 6-7 x 5-6/t" Gill.). Beech, and alder stumps. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1 Friea placed this species in the section having milk, or a coloured juice in the 
 St., but this factor is so slight that the fungus is far better ranged in this position.
 
 MYCENA 381 
 
 1211. M. lactea (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 222, t. 159, bottom figs. 
 
 Lactea, milk-white. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 1-2 cm., membranaceous, campanulate, disc 
 sometimes becoming light yellowish, subumbonate, striate when moist, 
 even when dry, margin scalloped. St. 3-7 cm. x 1-2 mm., equal, 
 flexile, smooth, base fibrillosely rooting. Gills adnate, ascending, 
 narrow, crowded. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 8-9 x 3-3'5/x,, 1-guttulate. Basidia with 2-sterigmata. 
 Cystidia sparse, subulate, apex 3 /n in diam., base sub ventri cose, 
 35-40 x 9/i. Gregarious. On needles, and twigs. Coniferous woods. 
 July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. pithya (Pers.) Fr. (= Collybia India Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. 
 t. 68, fig. 4, as Collybia India Fr. TTITVS, a pine, or fir tree. 
 Snow white, drying up and becoming yellowish. P. 6-10 mm., be- 
 coming almost plane, margin incurved. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., 
 pulverulent, base villose, subbulbous, villosely strigose. Gills somewJiat 
 wide, distant. On coniferous needles and chips. Sept. Rare. 
 
 var. pulchella Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 3, wrongly cited as t. 79, fig. 3, 
 in text as Mycena lactea Pers. Pulchella, beautiful little. 
 
 Differs from the type in the much thinner p., prominent umbo, and 
 the gills broader at the base and subdistant. Caespitose. On wood. 
 
 M. muscigena (Schum.) Quel. = Collybia muscigena (Schum.) Fr. 
 
 1212. M. gypsea Fr. 71^05, chalk. 
 P. 12 cm., white, or yellowish, disc yellow, membranaceous, some- 
 what fragile, conico-campanulate, umbonate, umbo not prominent, 
 striate to the disc. St. 6-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal, or attenuated 
 upwards, rigid, fragile, smooth, or pruinose, base villose. Gills shining 
 white, adnate, broadest behind, equally attenuated to the margin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5 p. Cystidia "obtusely conical, 
 30 x llfj,, or obtuse and broadly thread-shaped above, slightly conical 
 below, 30-62 x 8-16/x" v. Hoehnel. Gregarious and caespitose. 
 Amongst fragments of wood, and on trunks. June Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 1213. M. nivea Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. Fr. xxm, t. 2, fig. 1. 
 
 Nivea, snow-white. 
 
 Shining white, transparent. P. 15 mm., very thin, campanulate, 
 never expanding, sulcate from the apex to the base, pruinose. St. 
 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., rigid, smooth, apex pruinose, base recurved, fbril- 
 lose. Gills adnate, uncinate, narrow, distant. Spores pruniform, 
 10-12/A, granular. On twigs. Deciduous woods. 
 M . galeropsis Fr. = Marasmius dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. var. oedipus 
 (Quel.) Eea.
 
 382 MYCENA 
 
 III. St. firm, rigid, somewhat tough, juiceless, somewhat strigose 
 and rooted at the base. Grills changing colour, white, then grey, 
 or reddish, commonly at length connected by veins. P. not 
 hygrophanous. Generally lignicolous and caespitose. 
 
 M . cohaerens (A. & S.) Fr. = Marasmius cohaerens (A. & S.) Cke. 
 
 1214. M. prolifera (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 169. 
 
 Proles, offspring ;fero, I bear. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., pallid, disc fuscous, fleshy, campanulato-expanded, 
 broadly umbonate, dry, slightly striate; margin at length sulcate, or 
 rimosely split, pale yellowish, or becoming fuscous tan. St. 5-8 cm. x 
 4-5 mm., pallid, apex greyish, base tawny bay, firm, rigid, smooth, 
 shining, slightly striate, rooting, often proliferous. Gills white, then 
 ochraceous, adnexed. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white. Densely 
 caespitose, glued together by villose down. Woods, and old logs in 
 gardens. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1215. M. excisa (Lasch) Gillet. Excisa, cut out. 
 P. 23 cm., brownish, rugulose, disc pallid fuscous, or greyish fuscous, 
 
 membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, subumbonate, tough; 
 margin paler, striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-4 mm., greyish brown, be- 
 coming fuscous, apex paler, firm, tough, smooth, rooting. Gills paler 
 than the p., hoary, somewhat free, very attenuated at the base, ventri- 
 cose, connected by veins, very distant, thick. Flesh pallid, thick at the 
 disc. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-11 x 7-8 /x. Basidia with 
 4-sterigmata. Cystidia subulate, filiform, or bottle-shaped, rarely 
 furcate, base swollen, 20-30 x 10-15/Lt. Caespitose, rarely solitary. 
 On trunks and stumps of pine. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1216. ML fagetorum (Fr.) Gillet. Fagetum, a beech wood. 
 P. 1-2 cm., yellowish, pale livid, or fuliginous, membranaceous, 
 
 campanulate, then convex, striate half way to the disc, smooth. St. 
 3-6 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, incurved, base villose, attached at right 
 angles to the beech leaves. Gills white, or glaucous, attenuated at the 
 base and attached to a collar. Spores white, "oblong elliptical, 9-5- 
 11 x 4-4-5/x. Cystidia few, small, insignificant, club, or pear-shaped, 
 their not much protruding free portion set with short setae" Lange. 
 Gregarious. On dead beech leaves. Sept. Nov. Notuncommon. (v.v.) 
 
 1217. M. Berkley! Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 224, t. 148, as Mycena 
 excisa Lasch. 
 
 The Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the founder of British mycology. 
 P. 3-7 cm., dingy brown, umbo darker, paler when dry, fleshy, cam- 
 panulate, then more or less expanded, slightly umbonate, slightly 
 and distantly striate to the umbo, hygrophanous. St. 8-13 cm. x 6- 
 8 mm., dingy brown with a purple tinge, almost equal, or slightly
 
 MYCENA 383 
 
 thickened below, more or less striate; base long, tapering, rooting. 
 Gills tinged purplish, or flesh colour, broadly sinuate behind, and 
 adnate with a decurrent tooth, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad, rather 
 distant, thin. Flesh of si. purplish. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3'5/x, 
 with an oblique basal apiculus. Cystidia none. Solitary or sub- 
 caespitose. On trunks. Mixed woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1218. M. psammicola B. & Br. Cke. lUus. no. 225, t. 186, upper figs. 
 
 i/rayu,yu,o9, sand; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 P. 49 mm., brown, becoming paler towards the margin, hygro- 
 phanous, somewhat hemispherical, sprinkled with very minute par- 
 ticles', margin striate. St. 1-2 cm. x 1 mm., white upwards, umber 
 downwards, firm, rooting, wholly white pulverulent. Gills white, shortly 
 adnate, sinuate behind, in the form of a segment. Smell strong, but 
 not nitrous. Amongst moss on a sandbank. Sept. Eare. 
 
 1219. M. rugosa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 225, t. 186, lower figs. 
 
 Rugosa, wrinkled. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., cinereous, becoming pale, very tough, membranaceous, 
 campanulate, then expanded, at length rather plane, somewhat 
 obtuse, more or less corrugated, rugosely wrinkled, dry, striate at 
 the circumference. St. 3-8 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, very cartilaginous, 
 rigid, tough, straight, at length compressed, smooth, with a short, 
 oblique, strigose root. Gills white, then grey, arcuato-adnate, with a 
 decurrent tooth, united behind in a collar, broad, ventricose, con- 
 nected by veins, edge sometimes serrulate. Flesh whitish, thick at 
 the disc. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 9-11 x 6-7 ft, with a large 
 central gutta. Basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia hyaline, broadly 
 clavate, or bludgeon-shaped, apex covered with short, simple, more 
 rarely branched setae, 24-50 x 10-12/A. On stumps and old posts. 
 July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1220. M. sudora Fr. Sudor, sweat. 
 P. 2-5 cm., whitish, or yellowish, diaphanous, submembranaceous, 
 
 convex, umbonate, often irregular, striate, viscid. St. 611 cm. x 
 3-6 mm., concolorous, equal, firm, dry, smooth, rooting. Gills white, 
 then flesh colour, obtusely adnate, broad, subdistant. Flesh white, thick 
 at the disc. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-11 x 7-8 /A. Cystidia 
 "small, little protruding, 24 x 8/z,, elliptical- vesiculose, mostly bluntly 
 conical, somewhat ventricose below and often oblique" v. Hoehnel. 
 On and near beech, and beech stumps. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1221. M. galericulata (Scop.) Fr. (= Mycena simillima Karst.) 
 
 Galericulum, a cap. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., fuscous-livid, or changeable in colour, often becoming 
 yellow, or rubiginous, sometimes white, submembranaceous, conico- 
 campanulate, then expanded, striate to the umbo, dry, smooth. St.
 
 384 MYCENA 
 
 5-12 cm. x 3-5 mm., concolorous, often becoming yellowish, or rubi- 
 ginous, somewhat fragile, polished, often curved, smooth; base strigose, 
 fusiform-rooted. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnate, decurrent with 
 a tooth, sometimes connected by veins. Flesh greyish, very thin at 
 the margin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 6-8 /x, 1-guttu- 
 late. Basidia generally with 2-sterigmata only. Cystidia hyaline, 
 broadly clavate, or bludgeon-shaped covered with short setae, 
 15-40 x 9-12/1. Caespitose, the numerous stems often glued together 
 with villose down at the base. On stumps, trunks, and pollards. 
 Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. calopus Fr. (= Mycena inclinata Fr. sec. Lange.) Fr. Icon. t. 80, 
 
 fig. 2. /caXo?, beautiful; TTOU?, foot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the fasciculate, fusiform chestnut coloured 
 
 stem. "P. viscid, gills cinereous becoming whitish, spores ovate 
 
 globose, 8 x 6/4" Sacc. On stumps. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1222. M. simillima Karst. Simillima, very like. 
 P. livid, or dingy pattid, conico-campanulate, even, dry, glabrous. 
 
 St. fragile, polished, even, glabrous, base curved, rooting. Gills white, 
 very slightly tinged with rose, emarginato-decurrent, crowded. Tree 
 stumps. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1223. M. polygramma (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 228, t. 223. 
 
 ?roXv9, many; ypapfiij, a line. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., fuscous, cinereous, livid, or becoming light yellow, margin 
 white when young, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate, 
 subumbonate, striate, smooth, rarely pruinose; margin often toothed. 
 St. 610 cm. x 2-4 mm., silvery, livid, blue grey, or becoming azure 
 blue, rigid, tense and straight, equal, longitudinally striato-sulcate, 
 base strigose-rooted. Gills white, or pinkish, attenuated behind, un- 
 cinate, subdistant, sometimes serrulate. Flesh greyish, very thin at 
 the margin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-12 x 6-8 p, 1-2- 
 multi-guttulate. Basidia with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia hyaline, flask- 
 shaped, base ventricose, apex prolonged and attenuated upwards, 
 flexuose, simple or branched, 20-60 x 410 x 1 -5-3/1, at apex. Gre- 
 garious or solitary . On stumps and twigs. Aug. Feb. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1224. M. inclinata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 234, t. 225, upper figs., as 
 Mycena alcalina Fr. Inclinata, bent in. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., fuscous, livid fuscous, or bistre, submembranaceous, 
 globose, then campanulate, obtuse, rarely gibbous, at length ex- 
 panded and depressed at the apex, smooth, striate to the disc, shining 
 when dry; margin at first white, exceeding the gills, delicately crenulate. 
 St. 6-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, or brownish, becoming fulvous from 
 the base upwards, slightly attenuated upwards, twisted, flexuose, apex 
 incurved at first, somewhat tough when young, then fragile, pruinosely
 
 MYCENA 385 
 
 fibrillose, apex interruptedly striate; base rooting, villose. Gills whitish, 
 greyish at the base, sometimes pinkish, adnate, crowded, at length 
 soft. Flesh whitish, tawny in the st., thick at the disc. Spores white, 
 subglobose, 8-10 x 6-8 /A, 1-guttulate; basidia with 4-sterigmata. 
 Cystidia clavate, apex covered with short setae, 30-40 x 9-16/A. 
 Smell somewhat alkaline. Densely caespitose on oak stumps, and 
 at the base of posts. Aug. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1225. M. parabolica Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 79, fig. 3, wrongly cited as t. 80, 
 fig. 3, in the text. Parabolica, like a parabola. 
 
 P. 25 cm., somewhat violaceous, disc black, margin whitish, or lilac, 
 submembranaceous, at first erect and oval, then conical, never ex- 
 panded, moist, somewhat shining when dry, smooth, striate to the 
 disc. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, or lilac, apex dark violaceous, 
 tense and straight, not very rigid, white mealy when young, smooth, 
 dry; base thickened, bearded-rooting. Gills white, greyish at the base, 
 adnate, ascending, subdistant, rarely connected by veins. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 /z. "Basidia 2-spored. Cystidia obovate, 
 crowned with minute wart-like setae" Lange; "conical (not, or 
 slightly ventricose), mostly sharp pointed, 40-60 x 10-20 /u," v. 
 Hoehnel. Gregarious, or caespitose. On needles and rotten wood, in 
 coniferous woods. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1226. M. tintinnabulum Fr. Fr. Icon, t 79, fig. 4, wrongly cited as 
 t. 80, fig. 4, in the text. Tintinnabulum, a door bell. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., date brown, becoming pale, yellowish fuscous, azure blue, 
 or whitish, submembranaceous, very tough, campanulato-convex, then 
 plane, smooth, subviscid when moist. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, 
 very tough, smooth; base shortly white-strigose. Gills whitish, then 
 cream, or flesh colour, adnate, decurrent with a tooth, horizontal, 
 narrow, very thin and crowded. Spores white, "elliptical, 9-10 x 
 5-7 /x; basidia with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia on edge of gill subulate" 
 Rick. For Mycena tintinnabulum Fr. sensu Schroet., v. Hoehnel and 
 Lange give the following dimensions. Spores long-cylindrical, or 
 ovate, 5-7 x 2-5-3jn. Cystidia vesiculose, obovate, subglobose, or 
 cylindrical, often set with wart-like setae, 9-15/z across. Caespitose, 
 or solitary. On fallen beech trunks. Oct. April. Uncommon. 
 
 IV. St. fragile, dry, juiceless, fibrillose at the base, scarcely rooting, 
 but not dilated nor inserted. P. hygrophanous. Gills changing 
 colour, at length somewhat connected by veins. Usually strong 
 scented, solitary and terrestrial, a few caespitose and lignicolous. 
 
 1227. M. atroalba (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 137. 
 
 Ater, black; alba, white. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., bistre blackish, whitish at the margin, submembrana- 
 ceous, conico-campanulate, obtuse, smooth; margin pellucidly striate. 
 
 B, B. B. 25
 
 386 MYCENA 
 
 St. 7-10 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, apex dark and occasionally pruinose, 
 tense and straight, shining, smooth, base with a hairy, bulbous, swollen 
 root. Gills white, becoming glaucous, free, ventricose, crowded. Spores 
 white, "oval, 12-14 x 7-8/u," Sacc. Cystidia "lanceolate-subulate, 
 75-105 x 15-20 /x" Rick. Solitary, or gregarious. Amongst moss. 
 Mixed woods. July Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1228. M. dissiliens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 81, fig. 2. Dissiliens, flying apart. 
 P. 2-5 cm., cinereous-fuscous, margin whitish, submembranaceous, 
 
 very fragile, acorn-shaped, then conico-campanulate, sulcate to the disc, 
 pruinose; margin revolute. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-5 mm., cinereous, at- 
 tenuated upwards from the strigose base, somewhat incurved, smooth, 
 or pruinate, slightly striate under a lens, split and breaking up into 
 revolute flaps when compressed or bent, often twisted. Gills whitish, 
 or cinereous at the base, rounded behind, separating free, broader in 
 front, soft, watery. Flesh white, greyish in the st., thin at the margin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /z, multi-guttulate. Cystidia "glo- 
 bose-ovate, 20/z, crowned with a few, short, finger-like protuber- 
 ances " v. Hoehnel. Smell weak. Amongst grass in woods and heaths, 
 and on trunks. July Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1229. M. atrocyanea (Batsch) Fr. (= Mycena nigricans Bres. sec. 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 231, t. 236, lower figs. 
 
 Ater, black; cyanea, dark blue. 
 
 P. 5-13 mm., fuscous, then azure-blue-grey, membranaceous, cam- 
 panulato-convex, at length flattened, gibbous, with an irregularly 
 shaped, somewhat angular, wrinkled, obtuse, fuscous blackish umbo, 
 deeply sulcate to the umbo, sprinkled with a white, evanescent pruina. 
 St. 3-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., dark blue-black, slightly attenuated from the 
 subbulbous base, almost equal, rigid, fragile, smooth. Gills white, 
 grey at the base, attenuat o-adnate, joined in a collar, ventricose, distant. 
 Flesh greyish, thin. Spores white, oblong, often apiculate at one end, 
 10-12 x 6-7/u,. Cystidia subulate-fusiform, or cylindrical, apex acute, 
 2-3/x, in diam., 80-100 x 10-12/A. Amongst pine needles and on 
 stumps. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1230. M. pullata Berk. & Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 232, t. 237. 
 
 Pullus, dark coloured. 
 
 P. 18 mm., dark brown with a tinge of purple, disc almost black, 
 becoming paler, sometimes with a glaucous bloom, membranaceous, 
 campanulate, obtusely umbonate, sulcato-striate to the middle. St. 
 7-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous; base thickened, whitish floccose, some- 
 times rooting. Gills white, adnexed, rather broad, scarcely crowded. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3/i. Smell slightly nitrous. Amongst 
 dead leaves. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 MYCENA 387 
 
 1231. M. cinerella Karst. Cke. Illus. no. 264, t. 210, upper figs., as 
 Omphalia grisea Fr. sec. Lange. Cinerella, somewhat ash colour. 
 
 P. 5-15 mm., grey, or pallid greyish, submembranaceous, campanu- 
 late, entirely striate. St. 2-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., greyish white, equal, base 
 fibrillose. Gills greyish white, broadly adnato-decurrent. Spores elliptical, 
 7-10 x 4-6 /A. Cystidia "ovate oblong, generally conical, ventricose 
 below, apex obtusely conical, often rough, 50-60 x 12-16/u." v. 
 Hoehnel; "globose, finely warted, not protruding" Pearson "in litt." 
 Smell very strong, of meal. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1232. M. paupercula Berk. (= Mycena metata Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 231, t. 236, upper figs. Paupercula, poor. 
 
 P. 2-5 mm., pale ochraceous white, becoming almost tawny with 
 age, submembranaceous, obtusely conical, or hemispherical, minutely 
 innato-fibrillose, sometimes translucidly striate. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 
 1 mm., white, curved, rooting, smooth; base thicker, villose. Gills 
 white, at first free, then adnexed. Smell of new meal. Inside decayed 
 stumps. July Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 1233. M. leptocephala (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Ic. et Desc. t. 12, fig. 4. 
 
 Xe-TTTo?, thin; K<f>d\.ij, head. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., cinereous, submembranaceous, campanulato-expanded, 
 repand, umbonate, fragile, sulcate, pruinose, opaque. St. 4-6 cm. x 
 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, slightly striate, opaque, dry. Gills white 
 cinereous, becoming white at the edge, emarginate, connected by veins. 
 Flesh grey, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-9 x 3-4ju,, 
 with a large central gutta. Cystidia "acute awl-shaped, somewhat 
 fusiform, 60-70 x 10-14/u," Lange; "lanceolate, 60-100 x 10-18^" 
 Rick. Smell nitrous. Solitary. On trunks, and on the ground, espe- 
 cially in coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1234. M. alcalina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 81, fig. 3. Alcalina, alkaline. 
 P. 2-5 cm., cinereous, fuscous, date brown, inclining to olivaceous, 
 
 often tinged with yellow or pink, submembranaceous, campanulate, 
 obtusely umbonate, deeply striate when moist, shining when dry. 
 St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., normally yellow, often cinereous, slightly firm, 
 rigid, slippery when moist, shining when dry, smooth, base villose. 
 Gills glaucous white, or dark cinereous, becoming white and sometimes 
 brown at the edge, adnate, slightly ventricose, sometimes connected 
 by veins, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores white, 
 broadly elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /A. Basidia with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia 
 hyaline, flask-shaped, or fusiform, base often ventricose; apex pro- 
 longed, obtuse or pointed, 35-45 x 10-18 x 4-5/x at apex. Smell 
 strong, alkaline. Caespitose, rarely solitary. Coniferous stumps, 
 trunks, and needles. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 252
 
 388 MYCENA 
 
 1235. M. ammoniaca Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 235, t. 238, upper figs. 
 
 Ammoniaca, ammoniacal. 
 
 P. 1-5-2 cm., fuscous, becoming blackish, varying cinereous, disc 
 fuscous blackish, paler round the striate margin, submembranaceous, 
 acutely conical, papillate, then campanulate, naked, discoid, opaque. 
 St. 2-5-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, slightly firm, equal, polished, dry, 
 smooth; base rooting, strigose. Gills whitish, or grey, edge whitish, 
 adnate, linear, distant. Flesh greyish in the p., becoming whitish, thin 
 at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 611 x 4-7 ju, often 1-2- 
 guttulate. Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, ventricose at the base ; apex 
 acute, obtuse or subglobose, 40-55 x 15-18 x 3-7 /x at apex. Smell 
 strong, alkaline. In troops on coniferous needles, and amongst short 
 grass. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1236. M. metata Fr. (= Mycena paupercula Berk. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Metata, conical. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., cinereous and slightly striate when moist, opaque, whitish, 
 and somewhat silky in appearance when dry, submembranaceous, 
 hemispherico-campanulate, obtuse, then plane, disc papillate or 
 somewhat umbilicate, very hygrophanous. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., 
 white, becoming cinereous, rarely yellowish, or flesh colour, soft-flaccid, 
 equal, smooth, base white fibrillose. Gills whitish, or yellowish grey, 
 adnate, linear, subdistant. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/A, with 
 a large central gutta. Cystidia "obovate or pyriform, 12-19/u, across, 
 set with setulose warts" Lange; "spinulose, 30 x 12-15/>i" Rick.; 
 "conical, ventricose, 20-50 x 12-16/u," v. Hoehnel. Smell faintly 
 alkaline. In pastures, and amongst short grass. Sept. Nov. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 1237. M. plicosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 81, fig. 4. Plicosa, folded. 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., fuscous cinereous, opaque when dry, membranaceous, 
 
 fragile, campanulate, then expanded, broadly and obtusely um- 
 bonate, deeply lineato-sulcate, plicate with the distant furrows, often 
 split. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., grey, then fuscous, rigid but fragile, 
 equal, smooth; base abrupt, white villose. Gills grey, at length whitish 
 pruinose, adnate, thick, distant, connected by veins Spores oblong- 
 elliptical, 9-1 1 x 4 5 fi, " minutely punctate " Quel. Cystidia "on edge 
 of gill clavate, 40-45 x 12-18/x, with finger-like appendages" Rick. 
 On bare soil in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1238. ML cinerea Massee & Crossl. Cinerea, ash colour. 
 Entirely grey. P. 1-5-2 cm., submembranaceous, subgibbous, or 
 
 obtuse, soon expanded, paler and silky when dry; margin striate. 
 St. 5-7 cm. x 2 mm., cylindrical, smooth; base white, downy. Gills 
 adnate, subdistant, edge pale, mealy with the spores. Flesh greyish,
 
 MYCENA 389 
 
 thin. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 5/x, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia fusi- 
 form. Smell of radishes. Pastures, and amongst short grass. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1239. M. peltata Fr. Peltata, having a shield. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., black fuscous when moist, grey when dry, membrana- 
 ceous, convex, soon exactly plane, disc orbicular, even, fiat, rather 
 umbilicate than umbonate; margin up-turned and becoming black 
 when dry, very closely striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., livid, equal, rigid, 
 somewhat fragile, often flexuose, smooth. Gills grey, paler at the edge, 
 adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, ventricose. Flesh greyish t thick 
 at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-6 /a. Cystidia "broadly 
 lanceolate, 40 x 12-1 5 jit, sometimes slightly capitate" Rick. Smell 
 none, or alkaline. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1240. M. consimilis Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1150, t. 1186. 
 
 Consimilis, entirely similar. 
 
 P. 2-5-3 cm., cinereous, umbo darker, membranaceous, conically 
 campanulate, umbonate, striate to the middle, smooth, opaque; 
 margin soon upturned, at length splitting. St. 23 cm. x 2 mm., paler 
 than the p., attenuated upwards, often compressed below, rather 
 rigid, dry, smooth. G-ills cinereous, adnexed, or nearly free, linear, 
 1-2 mm. broad, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. 
 Spores white. Amongst grass. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1241. M. aetites Fr. (= Mycena umbellifera (Schaefi.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 
 t. 81, fig. 5. dertrj;?, the eagle-stone. 
 
 P. 12 cm., fuscous grey, becoming pale, membranaceous, campanu- 
 late, then convex, sulcate to the broad, obtuse, prominent umbo, hygro- 
 phanous, smooth; extreme margin becoming black. St. 4-5 cm. x 
 2 mm., whitish, becoming fuscous downwards, shining, often com- 
 pressed, unequal, fragile, smooth. Gills white, grey at the sides, 
 adnate, subuncinate, thin, at first cohering in the form of a cottar, 
 beautifully reticulated by veins, linear, subdistant. Spores white, 
 elliptical, often with an oblique apiculus, 8-10 x 5-6/x. Cystidia 
 hyaline, flask-shaped, ventricose at the base ; apex prolonged, acute, 
 or obtuse, 25-50 x 6-8 x Ifj, at apex. Smell alkaline, or none. Taste 
 bitterish, or obsolete. Amongst moss, and short grass in woods and 
 upland pastures. June Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1242. M. stannea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 82, fig. 2. Stannea, tin-colour. 
 P. 34 cm., grey when moist, tin colour and silky shining when dry, 
 
 hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, then flattened, obso- 
 letely umbonate, fragile, often rimose, smooth, pellucidly striate when 
 moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., grey, becoming pale, slightly rigid,
 
 390 MYCENA 
 
 not very fragile, sometimes compressed, smooth, shining. Gills 
 whitish grey, adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, connected by veins, 
 scarcely crowded. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5/i. Cystidia " flask-shaped-fusif orm, 45-50 x 
 10-18 fj,, blunt, sometimes capitate" Eick. Smell, like fresh trout, or 
 none. Amongst grass in woods. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1243. M. vitrea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 82, fig. 1. Vitrea, glassy. 
 Very fragile. P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous, then livid or bluish grey, mem- 
 
 branaceous, campanulate, obtuse, entirely lineato-striate, opaque, 
 smooth, dry. St. 5-10 cm. x 1 mm., whitish, hyaline, equal, smooth, 
 glistening, striate under a lens, base fibrillose. Gills whitish, adnate, 
 linear, subdistant. Flesh fuscous in the p., very thin. Spores white, 
 "oblong oval, 10 x 4-5 JLI. Cystidia nearly globose, with short spines 
 in circles, 45 /z broad" v. Hoehnel. In woods amongst Sphagnum. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1244. M. tennis (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 237, t. 160, lower figs. 
 
 Tenuis, thin. 
 
 Very fragile, caespitose, white. P. 1-2 cm., hyaline, or becoming 
 fuscous white, very membranaceous, campanulato-convex, obtuse, 
 lineato-striate, smooth; margin slight, beautifully fringed in a crenate 
 manner, as if appendiculate with the fragments of the veil. St. 7-8 cm. 
 x 1-2 mm., hyaline, base becoming yellowish, membranaceous, pellucid, 
 tense and straight, smooth. Gills adnate, with a small decurrent tooth 
 which is often obsolete, linear, rather thick, comparatively distant, 
 soft. Spores white, subglobose, 4 x 3p,, with a large central gutta. 
 Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 V. St. filiform, scarcely a line thick (and not more), flaccid, somewhat 
 tough, rooting, dry, juiceless, commonly very long in proportion 
 to the p. Gills paler at the edge and changing colour. Very slender, 
 tense and straight, terrestrial, and amongst moss, inodorous, solitary. 
 P. fuscous, becoming somewhat pale, not hygrophanous, in the last 
 species orange. 
 
 1245. ML filopes (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 238, t. 161, upper figs. 
 
 Filum, a thread; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., livid fuscous, or livid grey, rarely whitish, very mem- 
 branaceous, conical then campanulate, obtuse, striate, dry, smooth. 
 St. 7-9 cm. x 1-2 mm., livid, or becoming fuscous, filiform, tense and 
 straight, flaccid, not very tough, equal, rooting with a long pilose tail, 
 filled with a watery juice when in full vigour. Gills white, at length 
 grey at the base, free, or only reaching the St., ventricose, or lanceolate, 
 crowded. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical,
 
 MYCENA 391 
 
 8-10 x 4-5 //,. Basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia on gill edge, 
 hyaline, crowded, forming a compact layer, obovate, or pyriform, 
 minutely setulose towards the apex, 20-48 x 16-32 /JL. Amongst dead 
 leaves in deciduous woods, hedgerows and plantations. Aug. Jan. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1246. M. amicta Fr. (= Mycena Iris Berk. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 82, 
 fig. 3. Amicta, clothed. 
 
 P. 6-12 mm., green, bluish grey, or livid, membranaceous, conico- 
 campanulate, slightly pellucidly striate to the disc, covered with fuga- 
 cious pruina. St. 6-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., livid, equal, flexile, covered with 
 a delicate white pruina] base straight, or with a long tortuose root, 
 smooth. Gills grey, edge paler, free, or only reaching the st., linear, 
 narrow, crowded. Flesh fuscous, thin at the disc. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 p,, 1-2-guttulate. Basidia with 2-sterigmata. 
 Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, apex acutely conical, 20 x 6/z. 
 Amongst mosses in woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1247. M. Iris Berk. (= Mycena amicta Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 238, t. 161, lower figs. Ipts, the rainbow. 
 
 P. 10-15 mm., grey, becoming yellowish, membranaceous, hemi- 
 spherical, obtuse, covered with blue, evanescent fibrils, viscid; margin 
 denticulate. St. 4-9 cm. x 2-3 mm., grey, equal, covered with evan- 
 escent blue fibrils, which are often only apparent at the base. Gills 
 grey, edge becoming pale, free, or slightly adnexed, linear, edge some- 
 times denticulate. Flesh greyish, thick at the disc. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4 /x. Cystidia "crowded, conical, threadlike, ob- 
 tuse, 20 x 4-4-5 /i" v. Hoehnel. On fir stumps, and sticks. Sept. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. caerulea Rea. Caerulea, azure blue. 
 
 Differs from the type in the pure blue colour of the p., in the absence 
 of blue fibrillae on the p. and st., and in the white pulverulent apex of 
 the st. Spores white, elliptical, with an oblique apiculus, 8-9 x 5/x. 
 Inside a hollow tree. May. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1248. M. urania Fr. Ovpavia, the Heavenly One. 
 P. 6-10 mm.-, dark blue, then becoming violaceous, and at length 
 
 pallid lilac, rarely becoming fuscous, membranaceous, campanulate, 
 then hemispherical, obtuse, striate, dry, smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 
 1-2 mm., dark blue, then becoming somewhat azure blue, equal, flexile, 
 flaccid, smooth, slightly rooting; base white floccose. Gills white, 
 uncinato-adnate, thin. Amongst alder leaves, Jungermanniae, and 
 twigs in damp woods. July Sept. Rare.
 
 392 MYCENA 
 
 1249. M. plumbea Fr. (= Omphalia plumbea (Fr.) Rick.) 
 
 Plumbea, lead colour. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., cinereous lead colour, covered with a white pruina, some- 
 times bluish ash colour, membranaceous, convex, then plane, obtuse, 
 sulcate. St. 7-10 cm. x 2 mm., becoming cinereous, equal, fragile, 
 pulverulent, apex hyaline, base white strigose. Gills concolorous, 
 adnate, horizontal. Flesh whitish, very thin at the margin. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 10-11 x 5-6 p,, 2-multi-guttulate. Mossy pastures, 
 and amongst leaves. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1250. M. debilis Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 14, fig. 6. 
 
 Debilis, weak. 
 
 P. 4-6 mm., whitish livid, or somewhat flesh colour, becoming fuscous, 
 withered and corrugated when dry, membranaceous, very thin, cam- 
 panulate, then convex, obtuse, striate when moist, even when dry, 
 smooth. St. 5-10 cm. x 1 mm., concolorous, capillary-filiform, weak, 
 lax, base fibrillose. Gills whitish, or concolorous, broadly adnate, rather 
 broad, subdistant. Spores white, elliptical, 10-12 x 5/z. Cystidia 
 "thin, lanceolate, 60-75 x 9-12/u,, much projecting and making the 
 gills appear rough" Rick. Amongst dead leaves in woods, and hedge- 
 rows. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1251. M. vitilis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 240, 1. 189, fig. 2. Vitilis, plaited. 
 P. 6-10 mm., fuscous, or livid, becoming pale, or whitish, membrana- 
 ceous, conical, then campanulate, papillate, striate to the middle, 
 dry, smooth. St. 7-15 cm. x 1-2 mm., livid, filiform, rooted, tense and 
 straight, rigid, tough, easily flexile, smooth, shining. Gills whitish, 
 or grey, edge becoming whitish, attenuato-adnate, ascending, linear, 
 thin. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores white, broadly 
 elliptical, apiculate at base, 9-12 x 5-7 /A. Cystidia "very like those 
 of Mycena polygramma, free portion hair-shaped, c. 10/x, long, 2p, 
 broad, basal part slightly thickened" Lange. Amongst dead leaves 
 in deciduous woods. Sept. Feb. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. amsegetes Fr. Amsegetes, field by the roadside. 
 
 Differs from the type in the obsoletely umbonate p., and the shorter, 
 and thicker st. Meadows, and roadsides. 
 
 1252. M. collariata Fr. Collariata, possessing a collar. 
 P. 1-2 cm., fuscous, becoming pale, often greyish white, becoming 
 
 fuscous only at the disc, membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, 
 subumbonate, striate, rigid when dry, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 1-2 mm., 
 grey, becoming pale, filiform, tough, dry, smooth, slightly striate under 
 a lens. Gills hoary-whitish, or obsoletely flesh colour, adnate, joined in 
 a collar behind, thin, crowded. Spores white, "elliptical, 8-10 x
 
 MYCENA 393 
 
 4-6/i" Berk. Cystidia on gill edge "lanceolate subulate, 50-60 x 
 10-13/z" Rick. In woods, amongst grass, and on oak bark. Oct. 
 Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 1253. M. speirea Fr. (= Omphalia speirea (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 78, 
 fig. 2. tnrelpa, a coil. 
 
 P. 4-10 mm., pallid cinereous, or whitish variegated with fuscous 
 striae, umbo fuscous, membranaceous, conico-convex, then plane, at 
 length depressed at the disc, smooth, sometimes pruinose. St. 5 cm. x 
 1 mm., white, base becoming fuscous and ending in a tail-like flbrillose 
 root, tough, filiform, equal, smooth, shining. Gills shining white, 
 adnate, then deeply decurrent, distant, the alternate ones shorter. 
 Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, "globose, 6/x, or broadly 
 elliptical, 6-9 x 4-6/x. Cystidia numerous, cylindrical, conical, gene- 
 rally sharp pointed, full of small oil globules, on the edge of the gill, 
 60 x 20/A, on the surface, 85 x 20jn, or cylindrical, conical, with 
 protruding points, 40 x 20 /JL" v. Hoehnel. Woods, and mossy trunks. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1254. M. tenella Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 241, t. 190, middle figs. 
 
 Tenella, rather tender. 
 
 Entirely white, or livid flesh colour, caespitose. P. 5-12 mm., mem- 
 branaceous, very tender, campanulato-convex, obtuse, pellucid; mar- 
 gin slightly striate. St. 2 cm. x 1 mm., filiform, soft, smooth, base 
 villose. Grills white, then flesh colour, uncinate, very thin, crowded. 
 Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 p,, minutely 
 punctate. Cystidia "on the edge, in several rows, globose, 16-23 /n, 
 crowned with numerous, short spines" v. Hoehnel. On felled trunks, 
 and twigs in wood heaps. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1255. M. acicula (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Mycena coccinea (Scop.) Sacc.) 
 
 Acicula, a small pin. 
 
 P. 2-10 mm., vermilion-orange, membranaceous, campanulate, then 
 convex, with a very small slightly fleshy unibo, striate, smooth, shining. 
 St. 2-5 cm. x 1 mm., bright yellow, becoming pale, filiform, rooting, 
 smooth, shining, apex somewhat pruinose, base villose. Gills yellow, 
 becoming whitish at the edge, or wholly white, rounded-adnexed, almost 
 free, comparatively broad, ventricose, somewhat ovate, distant, the 
 alternate ones shorter. Flesh reddish in the p., very thin. Spores 
 white, oblong-fusiform, 9-12 x 2-4/u,, attenuated at the base, 1- 
 guttulate. Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, base ventricose or fusiform ; 
 apex acute, obtuse, or subglobose; 25-30 x 8-12 x 2-4/x at apex. 
 On dead leaves and twigs in woods and hedgerows. May Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.)
 
 394 MYCENA 
 
 VI. St. and gills exuding a milky, usually coloured juice 
 when broken. St. dry, rooting. 
 
 1256. M. hematopus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 83, fig. 1. 
 
 alpa, blood; Troy?, foot. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., greyish, or white flesh colour with a purplish tinge, disc 
 bistre, fleshy-membranaceous, conical, then campanulate, obtuse, 
 smooth; margin denticulate, slightly striate. St. 5-10 cm. x 2-5 mm., 
 white, greyish, flesh colour, or violaceous, becoming cinereous, rigid, 
 fragile, recurved, white pruinose, becoming smooth, containing a 
 blood-like juice, base strigose. Gills white, then flesh colour, or viola- 
 ceous, adnate, often with a small decurrent tooth, the alternate ones 
 shorter. Flesh turning blood red, thick at the disc. Spores white, 
 broadly elliptical, 10 x 6/u, rounded at both ends, with a large central 
 gutta. Cystidia "conical, sharp pointed, often ventricose below, 
 45 x 15/n, or rigid, long, threadlike and pointed above, ventricose 
 below, 40-45 x 12/z, contents colourless, seldom reddish" v. Hoehnel. 
 Caespitose. On trunks, and stumps, especially birch. Aug. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. marginata Lange. Marginata, bordered. 
 
 Differs from the type in the dark edge of the gills. Cystidia "drawn 
 out to a sharp point, below the middle fusiformly inflated, 10-1 7 \L 
 broad, their free portion 45 ju, long, contents pale brownish red " Lange. 
 On stacked birch logs. Oct. Probably not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1257. M. craenta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 83, fig. 2. Cruenta, bloody. 
 P. 6-20 mm., bay brown, or fuscous, then red, becoming pale, sub- 
 
 membranaceous, conical, then campanulate, obtuse, striate, smooth. 
 St. 5-8 cm. x 2 mm., paler than the p., slightly firm, tense and straight, 
 smooth, containing a dark red juice, base villose-rooted. Gills whitish, 
 or pinkish, adnate, linear, crowded. Flesh dark red, thin. Spores 
 white, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 6/n, with a large central gutta. 
 Cystidia "on gill edge only, contents granular, 35 x 9 x 2/z at apex" 
 v. Hoehnel. Generally solitary . Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1258. M. sangninolenta (A. & S.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 83, fig. 3. 
 
 Sanguinolenta, bloody. 
 
 P. 420 mm., pallid reddish, becoming fuscous, umbo and striae com- 
 monly darker, very membranaceous, campanulato-convex, or hemi- 
 spherical, papillate, smooth. St. 5-12-5 x 1-2 mm., pallid, flaccid, 
 weak, almost capillary, moderately tough, smooth, containing a pale 
 reddish juice, base subfibrillose. Gills whitish, or paler than the p., 
 edge black purple, adnate, linear, subdistant, the alternate ones
 
 MYCENA 395 
 
 shorter. Flesh reddish, becoming whitish, very thin. Spores white, 
 elliptical, pip-shaped, or pyriform, 8-9 x 4 6/i, 1-2-guttulate. Cys- 
 tidia filled with a reddish juice, or colourless, flask-shaped, often pro- 
 longed at the base; apex long, conical, pointed, 35-50 x 6-8 x 1-2-5/u, 
 at apex. Gregarious or solitary. Amongst dead leaves in woods, 
 especially coniferous woods, and in hedgerows. May Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1259. M. crocata (Schrad.) Fr. Croatia, saffron yellow. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., olivaceous, cinereous, or shining white, umbonate disc 
 reddish, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate, smooth; 
 margin striate. St. 7-12-5 x 2-3 mm., saffron-Uood-colour, especially 
 towards the rooting, creeping, fibrillose base, slightly attenuated up- 
 wards, apex whitish, containing a saffron-blood juice that readily 
 stains the rest of the fungus. Gills white, attenuato-adnexed, broader 
 in front, subventricose, subdistant. Flesh saffron-blood-colour, yellow- 
 ish in the centre of the St., thick at the disc. Spores white, broadly 
 elliptical, or pip-shaped, 9-11 x 6-7 /n, punctate. Basidia with 4- 
 sterigmata. Cystidia "club-shaped, or somewhat pyriform set with 
 minute wart-like setae, apex occasionally with a hair-shaped appendix" 
 Lange. On dead leaves, and twigs in woods, especially beech. Sept. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1260. M. galopus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 244, t. 207. 
 
 iyd\a, milk; TTOV?, foot. 
 
 P. 615 mm., fuscous, or greyish, the indistinct umbo darker, mem- 
 branaceous, conical, then campanulate, striate, smooth, or pruinose. 
 St. 5-11 cm. x 1-2 mm., fuscous, or grey, apex white, firm, somewhat 
 fragile, smooth or pruinose; base thickened, white villose and rooting, 
 containing a milk white juice. Gills white, sometimes becoming glaucous, 
 attenuated behind, slightly adnexed, broader towards the margin of 
 the p. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, oblong elliptic, 12-14 x 
 6-7 //,. Cystidia hyaline, subulate, fusiform; apex acute, simple or 
 forked, 30-90 x 10-12 x 2-5-3|u. at apex. Amongst dead leaves, on 
 twigs and stumps. Woods, hedgerows, and wood piles. July Jan. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. alba Fl. Dan. Alba, white. 
 
 Differs from the type in being entirely white. In woods amongst 
 leaves. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. nigra Fl. Dan. (= Mycena leucogala Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1151, 
 t. 653, as Mycena leucogala Cke. Nigra, black. 
 
 Differs from the type in the dark colour of all its parts. In woods, 
 on stumps, twigs, and leaves. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.)
 
 396 MYCENA 
 
 VII. St. juiceless, glutinous, or viscid. Gills at length 
 decurrent with a tooth. 
 
 1261. M. epipterygia (Scop.) FT. Cke. Illus. no. 245, t. 208, upper figs. 
 
 67T4, upon; Trrepvyiov, a little wing. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., cinereous, grey, or yellow, becoming whitish, membrana- 
 ceous, campanulate, then more or less expanded, striate, covered with 
 a viscid, separable pellicle; margin often denticulate. St. 5-8 cm. x 
 1-2 mm., yellow, sometimes cinereous, pallid, or whitish, covered with 
 a viscid separable pellicle, equal, tough, often flexuose ; base rooted, 
 white fibrillose. Gills white, adnate with a decurrent tooth, straight, 
 or slightly arcuate, little crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores 
 white, oblong elliptic, 8-11 x 4-5 /x,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia only on 
 gill edge, subglobose, 10-13/x, setulose, soon fugacious. "None" 
 Lange. Smell none, or of rancid fat. Woods, pastures, and on leaves, 
 and twigs. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1262. M. viscosa (Seer.) R. Maire. Viscosa, viscid. 
 P. 2-3 cm., whitish, pearl grey, then greyish brown, and finally reddish 
 
 brown, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, 
 striate, covered with a viscid separable pellicle. St. 5-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., 
 citron yellow, or golden, equal, viscid, apex whitish; base white fibrillose. 
 Gills whitish, then greyish or flesh colour, adnate with a more or less 
 decurrent tooth, slightly arcuate, narrow, little crowded. Flesh 
 whitish, becoming reddish brown with age, thin. Spores white, shortly 
 elliptic, 8-12 x 6-8/n, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia none. Smell of 
 rancid fat. On needles, and rotten stumps in coniferous woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1263. M. epipterygioides Pearson. 
 
 Epipterygia etSo?, like the species M. epipterygia. 
 P. 1-2 cm., greenish yellow, disc darker, membranaceous, persistently 
 hemispherical, depressed at the centre, viscid pellicle separable; 
 margin striate, or sulcate, often crenate. St. 5-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., 
 greenish, usually with reddish stains at the base, cylindrical, or com- 
 pressed, hollow, viscid. Gills white, then delicate greenish yellow, adnate, 
 with a decurrent tooth, subdistant, with intermediate shorter ones. 
 Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 7'5-8/x, contents granular. 
 Basidia 30 x 6*5 /u,, with two prominent sterigmata. Cystidia on edge 
 of gill brush-like; on gill face none. Damp places in pine woods. 
 Oct. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1264. M. plicato-crenata Fr. (= Mycena plicata (Schaefl.) Quel.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 84, fig. 2. Plicata, folded; crenata, crenate. 
 
 P. 6-10 mm., white, becoming yellow, membranaceous, conical, sub- 
 umbonate, very sulcato-plicate, somewhat viscid ; margin crenate. St. 
 4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid reddish, filiform, smooth, viscid. Gills white,
 
 MYCENA 397 
 
 adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, narrow, attenuated behind, 
 distant. Flesh ofst. light yellow. Spores white, elliptical, " 9-12 x 6/x" 
 Sacc. Amongst moss on heaths, and in coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1265. M. clavicularis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 84, fig. 1. 
 
 Clavicula, a small key. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., whitish, or light yellowish, becoming fuscous, membrana- 
 ceous, campanulate, then convex and umbonate, at length depressed, 
 striate, dry. St. 58 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, or yellowish, equal, 
 tough, smooth, slightly viscid, base fibrillose. Gills whitish, adnate, 
 subdecurrent, often connected by veins. Flesh fuscous, very thin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4//,, " cylindric-lanceolate, 10-12 x 3-4 jn. 
 Cystidia on gill edge vesiculose-bottle-shaped, 30-36 x 9-11 jit, rarely 
 lanceolate without a head" Rick. Woods, and damp places. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1266. M. pelliculosa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 246, t. 191, upper figs. 
 
 Pelliculosa, having a thin skin. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous, then grey, membranaceous, campanulate, 
 then convex, obtuse, lineato- striate to the middle, covered with a viscid, 
 separable pellicle. St. 2-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., white-livid, becoming fus- 
 cous, viscid, rigid, tense and straight, smooth, apex somewhat thick- 
 ened. Gills glaucous white, adnate, alternate, very distant, fold-like, 
 joined in a collar behind, decurrent. Spores white, boat-shaped, 8-9 x 
 5-Q/jL, 2-guttulate. Cystidia "none" Rick. On heaths, and in heathy 
 woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1267. M. vulgaris (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 246, t. 191, lower figs. 
 
 Vulgaris, common. 
 
 P. 6-10 mm., fuscous, or cinereous, sometimes whitish with the 
 papilla fuscous, often rufescent when old, submembranaceous, cam- 
 panulate, then convex, disc depressed, papillate, slightly striate, viscid 
 pellicle separable. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., cinereous, very viscid; base 
 rooting and white strigose. Gills white, or grey, uncinato-adfixed, then 
 decurrent, thin. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 6-9 x 3-4 /*, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "globose, 10-12/i, 
 provided with numerous short, spiny, protuberances" v. Hoehnel. 
 Gregarious. Coniferous woods. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1268. M. citrinella (Pers.) Fr. (= Mycena tenella (Batsch) Sacc.) 
 Pers. Icon, et Desc. t. 11, fig. 3. Citrinella, lemon-coloured. 
 
 P. 4-10 mm., lemon yellow, disc often darker, membranaceous, cam- 
 panulate, then hemispherical and flattened, striate, slightly viscid. 
 St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., lemon yellow, filiform, viscid when moist, base 
 villose. Gills shining white, uncinate, moderately broad, distant.
 
 398 MYCENA 
 
 Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, "broadly elliptical, 
 8-8-5 x Ip, or 6-8 x 4/u, (Britz.)" Sacc. Cystidia "filiform-clavate, 
 or fusiform, 30-40 x 5-6 /u," Rick. Gregarious. On pine needles, 
 and wood. Oct. Rare. 
 
 var. Candida Fr. Candida, shining white. 
 
 Differs from the type in being shining white, and becoming yellow 
 when dry. 
 
 1269. M. rorida Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 4, fig. 4. Rorida, bedewed. 
 Entirely white, or with a greyish tinge, but varying with the p. becoming 
 
 yellow. P. 3-8 mm., membranaceous, conico-campanulate, then con- 
 vex, dry, sulcate when moist, even when dry; margin crenate. St. 
 1-3 cm. x 1 mm., filiform, covered over with a thick, fluid, hyaline 
 gluten, base inserted. Gills arcuate, decurrent, distant, the alternate 
 ones shorter. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores white, oblong-elliptic, 
 8-12 x 4-5 p. Cystidia "in dense, large groups, slightly conical, often 
 somewhat ventricose, 18-25 x 6 9/x, or threadlike, obtuse, slightly 
 ventricose, 22-25 x 6-7 /n" v. Hoehnel. On twigs, in woods, hedge- 
 rows, and wood heaps. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 VIII. St. dry, rootless, the base naked, and dilated into a disc, or 
 strigose and swollen into a little bulb. Tender, solitary, becoming 
 flaccid. 
 
 1270. M. stylobates (Pera.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 248, t. 249, fig. A. 
 
 a-TV\o<f, a pillar; /8a<m, a pedestal. 
 
 Entirely white, sometimes grey. P. 410 mm., membranaceous, cam- 
 panulate, then convex, pellucidly striate, striae often dichotomous, 
 generally sprinkled with spreading hairs. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 1 mm., fili- 
 form, equal, smooth, dry, arising from a round, striate, white-villose 
 disc. Gills free, wholly separate behind, ventricose, broader in front, 
 distant, alternate. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 4 x 2/x, ("7-9 x 3-5-4-5/Lt" Sacc.). Cystidia "on the edge of the 
 gills hair-shaped " Schroet. On twigs, and leaves. June Nov. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 1271. M. dilatata Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. 
 
 Dilatata, spread out. 
 
 Wholly white. P. 5-10 mm., membranaceous, convexo-plane, ob- 
 tuse, smooth; margin striate. St. 10-15 x 1 mm., filiform, straight, 
 arising from a convex, smooth, glabrous, orbicular disc. Gills -5-1 mm. 
 wide, sublinear, attached to a free collar behind. Flesh white, thin. 
 Spores white, oblong, obtuse at both ends, 7-8 x 3-5/Lt. Cystidia 
 hyaline, clavate, obtuse, or produced into an acute point, 70-80 x 
 5-7 /x. Dead twigs and leaves in woods and hedgerows. Sept. Dec. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 MYCENA 399 
 
 1272. M. tenerrima Berk. (= Mycena setosa (Sow.) Quel.) Berk. 
 Outl. t. 6, fig. 6. Tenerrima, very delicate. 
 
 Pure white. P. 2-3 mm., very tender, convex, frosted with minute 
 granules. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., flexuose, pilose, arising from a 
 minute, pubescent disc. Gills free, ventricose, distant, unequal. Flesh 
 white, very thin. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 x 3-4//,. Cystidia 
 "50-55 x 10/i" Sacc. Dead twigs, fallen branches, and felled trunks. 
 Aug. April. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1273. M. discopus Lev. (= Mycena setosa (Sow.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 249, t. 192, middle figs. Si<r/co<t, a disc; TTOVS, foot. 
 
 Entirely shining white. P. 2-4 mm., membranaceous, conical, ob- 
 tuse, mealy-pulverulent. St. 1-2 cm. x 1 mm., very tender, mealy- 
 pulverulent, inserted with a small hairy bulb. Gills adnate, few, fold-like, 
 very distant. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, globose, 3/>t. On 
 twigs, and dead herbaceous stems. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1274. M. saccharifera B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 249, t. 192, top figs. 
 
 Saccharon, sugar ',fero, I bear. 
 
 Whitish, everywhere beset with shining granules. P. 4 mm., hemi- 
 spherical. St. 4 x 1 mm., filiform, fixed at the base by a few flocci. 
 Gills arcuato-decurrent, 8-9, very distant, rather thick, margin and 
 surface granulated. Spores white, globose, 3p. On bramble, rose, 
 furze, and nettle stalks. Nov. March. Uncommon. 
 
 var. electica Bucknall. Cke. Illus. no. 248, t. 249, fig. C, as Mycena 
 electica Bucknall. Electica, choice. 
 
 Differs from the type in the sulcate p., and adnate gills. On dead 
 furze, and sticks. 
 
 1275. M. pterigena Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 85, fig. 4. 
 
 Trre/H?, a fern; yiyvofiai, I am born. 
 
 Entirely rose colour. P. 2-6 mm., globose, then campanulate, 4 mm. 
 high, very tender, pellucidly striate, obtuse, sometimes at length 
 umbilicate. St. 1-7-5 cm. x 1 mm., tense and straight, or flexuose, 
 smooth; base bulbous, white strigose. Gills adnate, broad, distant, 
 edge darker. Flesh pinkish, very thin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 9-12 x 4-6 jn. Cystidia "ovate, or subglobular with numerous, 
 minute, erect setae, contents pinkish" Lange. On dead leaves, and 
 dead fern stems. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 IX. St. very thin, inserted (i.e. growing on other plants without a 
 root, or tubercle, or flocci at the base), dry. Gills adnate, uncinate 
 with a small decurrent tooth. Very tender, becoming flaccid as 
 soon as the sun touches them.
 
 400 MYCENA 
 
 1276. M. corticola (Schum.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 85, fig. 2. 
 
 Corticola, growing on bark. 
 
 P. 4-10 mm., blackish, becoming azure blue, fuscous, or cinereous, 
 thin, hemispherical, obtuse, at length slightly umbilicate, pellucid, sul- 
 cate, sometimes flocculoso-pruinate. St. 1-3 cm. x 1 mm., paler than 
 the p., sometimes furfuraceous and incurved. Gills paler than the p., 
 adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, broad, somewhat ovate, distant. 
 Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores white, globose, 9-10/x. Cystidia 
 "club-shaped, set with short warts and occasionally some few hair- 
 shaped appendices" Lange; "on edge of gill clavate, 30-40 x 9-lOju,, 
 without brush-like head " Eick. On living trunks of deciduous trees. 
 June Jan. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1277. M. hiemalis (Osbeck) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 85, fig. 1. 
 
 Hiemalis, pertaining to winter. 
 
 P. 3-7 mm., whitish, flesh colour, rufescent, rarely azure blue, or 
 fuscous, membranaceous, campanulate, disc darker, slightly umbonate ; 
 margin striate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., white, ascending, incurved, 
 pubescent downwards. Gills whitish, or flesh colour, adnate, and un- 
 cinate, narrow, linear. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, globose, 
 8-9jLt, or broadly elliptical, 10-12 x 8-10/x. Basidia with two long, 
 curved sterigmata. Cystidia on gill edge only, hyaline, cylindrical; 
 apex obtuse, or acute, 20-34 x 3-8 p. On trunks in woods. Sept. 
 March. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1278. M. codoniceps Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1149, t. 952, fig. B. 
 
 K(o8ci)v, a bell; caput, head. 
 
 P. 1-2 mm., umber, submembranaceous, campanulate, scarcely ex- 
 panding, 2-3 mm. high, sulcate, sprinkled with short, erect hairs. St. 
 4-10 x 1 mm., umber, apex whitish, attenuated downwards. Gills 
 white, adnate, linear, not crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 2-5- 
 3/t. Gregarious. On tree-fern stems. June. Rare. 
 
 1279. M. setosa (Sow.) Fr. (= Mycena tenerrima Berk.; Mycena dis- 
 copus Lev. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 251, t. 193, fig. 1. 
 
 Setosa, bristly. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 1-2 mm., very tender, often becoming fuscous, 
 hemispherical, obtuse, smooth. St. 1-5-3 cm. x -5 mm., filiform, 
 covered with distant spreading hairs. Gills distant. Spores white, pip- 
 shaped, 7-8 x 3 4jii. Amongst dead leaves, especially beech. Sept. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1280. M. capillaris (Schum.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 84, fig. 6. 
 
 Capillaris, hair-like. 
 
 Entirely white. P. -5-2 mm., very tender, but tough, like a small 
 pin's head, then campanulate, rarely at length umbilicate, slightly 
 striate when moist. St. 2-7 cm. x -5 mm., filiform, flexuose, flaccid,
 
 MYCENA. NOLANEA 401 
 
 base inserted, rarely girt with radiating fibrils, apex becoming fuscous. 
 Gills adnate, /ew, broad, equal in length. Spores white, "obovate- 
 lanceolate, 7-5-9 x 3-3-7/A, or 9-11 x 3-3-7 p. Cystidia crowded, 
 obovate globular, set with wart-like setae " Lange. On dead leaves, 
 especially beech. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1281. M. juncicola Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 85, fig. 6. 
 
 Juncus, a rush; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 P. 2-3 mm., rufescent, or blood red, convex, striate, smooth. St. 
 12 x -5 mm., fuscous, filiform, inserted, smooth. Gills white, or yellow- 
 ish white, adnate, distant. On dead rushes in bogs, and twigs. June 
 July. Kare. 
 
 Spores pink. 
 
 Nolanea Fr. 
 
 (Nola, a little bell.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, regular; margin straight, at 
 first adpressed to the stem. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, 
 adnexed, or sinuato-adnate. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, or glo- 
 bose, smooth, or rough, continuous. Growing on the ground, rarely 
 on wood; solitary, or gregarious. 
 
 *Gills grey or fuscous. P. dark coloured, hygrophanous. 
 
 1282. N. pascua (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 96. Pascua, of pasture. 
 P. 28 cm., fuliginous when moist, hoary, or becoming pale fawn 
 
 when dry, membranaceous, conical, then campanulate and more or 
 less expanded, striate when moist, silky shining when dry St. 3-8 cm. 
 x 2-6 mm., pallid fuliginous, or silvery tinged with smoke colour, equal, 
 or compressed, soft, silky-fibrous, striate. Gills grey, or whitish-fuligi- 
 nous, sprinkled with the rosy spores, very much attenuated behind, 
 almost free, crowded, thin, ventricose, or rather broader and obtuse 
 towards the margin. Flesh whitish, fuliginous when moist. Spores 
 pink, angular, oblong, 10-13 x 7-8^. Woods, pastures, and road- 
 sides. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. umbonata Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 6, fig. 5, as Nolanea mam- 
 
 mosa Fr. Umbonata, having an umbo. 
 
 Differs from the type in the umbonate, bay p., and fibrillosely striate, 
 
 silvery st. Heaths, woods, and pastures. May Oct. Not uncommon. 
 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1283. N. proletaria Fr. (= Nolanea staurospora Bres. sec. Quel.; 
 Nolanea cetrata Schroet.) Boud. Icon. t. 95. Proletaria, poor. 
 
 P. 1-5-4 cm., grey, disc umber and villose, submembranaceous, 
 scissile, campanulate, then expanded, very obtuse, striate at the margin 
 when moist. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-5 mm., fuliginous-grey, dirty white, or
 
 402 NOLANEA 
 
 pale yellow, equal, slightly thickened at the base, very fragile, fibrillose, 
 striate. Gills fuliginous, then greyish, becoming rosy, separating, free, 
 subdistant, watery. Flesh pale, deeper coloured at the periphery, very 
 thin. Spores pink, very angular, generally subquadrangular or stellate, 
 10-11 x 8-10/ti. Basidia generally with 2-sterigmata only. Woods, 
 and pastures. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1284. N. versatilis Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 12. 
 
 Versatilis, variable. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., livid aeruginous, fuscous when dry, submembrana- 
 ceous, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, shining. 
 St. 3-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., greyish white, with a silvery sheen when dry, 
 rigid. Gills grey, then sprinkled with the rosy spores, adnate, ventri- 
 cose, 3-4 mm. broad, widest in front. Flesh dark, fuscous. Spores 
 pink, angular, oblong, 9-10 x 7/z,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "abundant, 
 clavate, 45-70 x 9-12jLt, with darkish olive, granular contents" Rick. 
 Heaths, pastures, and lawns. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1285. N. Babingtonii Blox. Cke. Illus. no. 363, t. 377, upper figs. 
 
 Professor C. C. Babington, the eminent botanist. 
 P. 10-15 mm., cinereous, shining like silk, adorned with dark brown, 
 fasciculate fibrils which are free at one end, conico-campanulate, disc 
 rather squamulose. St. 2-5 cm. x 2 mm., clothed with dark brown 
 down, equal, somewhat strigose, slightly wavy. Gills cinereous, 
 darker at the base, adnate, ventricose, distant, glittering with little 
 points. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 7-9/i. Woods. Oct. Nov. 
 Rare. 
 
 1286. N. araneosa Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 12. 
 
 Araneosa, full of spiders' webs. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., dark grey, membranaceous, campanulate, fibrillosely 
 silky. St. 3-5-4 cm. x 2 mm., grey, with a greyish fugacious cortina, 
 fragile, fibrillose. Gills greyish-bistre, then dusted with the rosy spores, 
 adnate, 2-3 mm. wide. Flesh dark, then yellowish. Spores pink, an- 
 gular, often pentagonal, oblong, 13-16 x 8-9/n, 1-guttulate. Coni- 
 ferous woods and under conifers. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1287. N. strigosissima Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. 
 
 Strigosissima, very rough haired. 
 
 P. 4-8 mm. broad, 3-5 mm. high, reddish brown, or ferruginous, 
 somewhat fleshy, conical, densely clothed with erect, reddish brown stri- 
 gose hairs; hairs elongate, apex blunt, septate, 450-600 x 15-20 p; 
 margin incurved. St. 1-5-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., concolorous, equal, slightly 
 thickened at the base, densely clothed with similar hairs. Gills brown, 
 becoming cinereous, pruinose with the spores, adnate, 1 mm. broad.
 
 NOLANEA 403 
 
 Mesh concolorous, becoming cinereous, thin, firm. Spores pink, oblong, 
 angular, 15-17 x 7-8/j, often apiculate, 2-guttulate. Basidia pyri- 
 form, or broadly clavate, 36-40 x 15-18/u,, with 4-sterigmata. Cys- 
 tidia on edge of gill sparse, fusiform, or lanceolate, 60-70 x 10-12/z, ; 
 apex acute, thin walled. Cells of the cuticle of the p. pyriform, 25/z 
 in diam. Old pine logs. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1288. N. mammosa (Linn.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 81. 
 
 Mammosa, having large breasts. 
 
 P. 2-8 cm., umber, or fuliginous when moist, isabelline-silky when 
 dry, submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, papillate, striate. St. 
 5-15 cm. x 1-5-3 mm., fuliginous-livid, or yellowish grey, rigid, very 
 cartilaginous, equal, sometimes compressed; apex thickened, white- 
 mealy; base enlarged, white tomentose. Gills grey, then hoary-rose- 
 colour, adnexed, separating-free, ventricose, subdistant. Flesh con- 
 colorous. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 9-11 x 6-7 p, 1-guttulate. 
 Smell none, or like rancid meal. Woods, pastures, and lawns. Feb. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1289. N. papUlata Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 82, fig. 1. 
 
 Papillata, having a nipple. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., fuscous bay, somewhat cinnamon when dry, submembrana- 
 ceous, convexo-subcampanulate, then expanded, papillate, striate. 
 St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, shining, apex obsoletely white- 
 mealy, base white-tomentose. Gills livid white, then fuscous flesh 
 colour, sinuato-adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh concolorous. Spores 
 pink, angular, oblong, 8-11 x 6-7 /x, 1-guttulate. Smell none, or 
 pleasant. Pastures, and lawns. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1290. N. juncea Fr. Juncea, like a rush. 
 P. 1-5-2 cm., umber-fuliginous, then livid when dry, hygrophanous, 
 
 submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, disc somewhat umbilicate 
 and somewhat squamulose, radiately striate. St. 7-8 cm. x 12 mm., 
 fuscous, then livid fuscous, cartilaginous, equal, round, or compressed. 
 Gills grey, ascending, adnexed, separating, subdistant. Spores pink, 
 "angular, globose, 11-13/n" Quel. In Sphagnum swamps, and in 
 woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 var. cuspidata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 99, fig. 2. Cuspidata, having a point. 
 Differs from the type in the papillato-cuspidate pileus. 
 
 1291. N. fulvo-strigosa B. &. Br. Fulvus, tawny; strigosa, strigose. 
 P. 18 mm., grey, conical, 12 mm. high, slightly wrinkled. St. 5 cm. x 
 
 2 mm., reddish, furfuraceo-squamulose, clothed at the base with rigid 
 red hairs. Gills grey, adnate. Spores pink, 13 x 9/z. Woods. Sept. 
 Rare. 
 
 262
 
 404 NOLANEA 
 
 **Gills becoming yellow, or rufescent. 
 N. nigripes (Trog) Fr. = Naucoria Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. 
 N. pisciodora (Ces.) Fr. = Naucoria Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 1292. N. rufocarnea Berk. Cke. lUus. no. 364, t. 378, lower figs. 
 
 Rufus, red; carnea, fleshy 
 
 P. 23 cm., red-brown, submembranaceous, hemispherical, umbili- 
 cate, indistinctly fibrilloso-squamulose; margin striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 
 2-3 mm., pale rufous, incurved at the slightly thickened base, minutely 
 fibrillose under a lens, apex nearly white. Gills rose colour, adnate, 
 ventricose, attenuated behind, slightly connected and traversed by 
 veins. Flesh white. Spores pink, angular, broadly elliptical, or sub- 
 globose, 8-9 x 7/z. Taste rather bitter. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1293. N. vinaceus (Scop.) Fr. Vinaceus, a grape-stone. 
 P. 3-5 cm., rufescent, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, ob- 
 tuse, slightly striate, shining. St. 5-7 cm. x 3-5 mm., yellow, smooth, 
 glabrous, fistulose. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnate, or emar- 
 ginate, distant, thin. Flesh ochraceous, thin. Spores "subglobose, 
 6-7/i, the angles scarcely prominent" Rick. Amongst moss in woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1294. N. icterina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 99, fig. 4. t/crepo?, jaundice. 
 P. 1-3 cm., light yellow green, more rarely yellowish honey colour, 
 
 disc often fuscous, and here and there fuscous-squamulose, becoming 
 pale when dry, hygrophanous, submembranaceous, campanulate, 
 soon convex, obtuse, or papillate, often quite reflexed, pellucidly 
 striate, sometimes sprinkled with superficial flocci, slightly silky when 
 dry. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-6 mm., concolorous, or fuscous, rigid, white- 
 mealy at the apex, equal, often compressed. Gills pallid, becoming 
 saffron yellow when rotting, adnexed, separating, sometimes free and 
 decurrent, ventricose, distant, sometimes connected by veins, even, 
 crisped and anastomosing. Flesh yellowish in the pileus, white in the 
 stem. Spores pink, angular, 10-12 x 7-8jii, 1-guttulate. Woods, and 
 gardens. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1295. N. subglobosa (A. & S.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1160, 1. 1170, fig. B. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; globosa, spherical. 
 
 P. 2 cm., yellowish, rather fleshy, hemispherical, rather viscid. St. 
 3-4 cm. x 2 mm., pale, equal, longitudinally striate. Gills ochraceous 
 flesh-colour, nearly free, very broad, rhomboidal, convex. Flesh white, 
 yellowish in the pileus. Spores pink, broadly elliptical, 9 x 7/i. On 
 the ground. Sept. Oct. Rare.
 
 NOLANEA 405 
 
 ***Gills shining white, then rosy. P. hygrophanous. 
 N. picea Kalchbr. = Naucoria Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 1296. N. infula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 100, fig. 1. Infula, a fillet. 
 P. 1-4 cm., fawn, or fuliginous when damp, isabelline-livid when dry, 
 
 shining in either state, membranaceous, pliant, conical, or campanu- 
 late, often repand and irregularly shaped, centre at length depressed. 
 St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, cartilaginous, very tough, 
 polished, striate, base white floccose with the mycelium. Gills shining 
 white, then bright rose colour, adnexed, separating free, thin, narrow, 
 very crowded. Flesh dark. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 9 x 6/A, 
 1-guttulate. Charcoal heaps, lawns, and woods. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. versiformis Fr. Versiformis, changing its shape. 
 
 P. 12 mm., convex, then depressed or even infundibuliform, per- 
 sistently papillate, very densely striate, silky-shining when dry. Burnt 
 ground. 
 
 ****Whitish. P. not hygrophanous. 
 
 1297. N. verecunda Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 99, fig. 5. Verecunda, modest. 
 P. 1-2 cm., watery reddish, but very pallid, not changing colour when 
 
 dry, submembranaceous, at first subumbonate, then rather obtuse, 
 pellucidly striate to the middle when moist, obsoletely silky towards 
 the fiocculose margin. St. 45 cm. x 24 mm., becoming pale, slightly 
 firm, cartilaginous, splitting into fibrils when crushed, apex mealy. 
 Gills whitish, watery, adnate, separating, rather thick, distant, distinct, 
 ventricose, in the form of a segment, 4-6 mm. broad. Spores "10- 
 12 x 5-8 p" Massee. Densely gregarious, or growing in troops 
 amongst grass in pastures. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 1298. N. coelestina Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 100, fig. 2. Coelestina, heavenly. 
 P. 2-4 cm., dark azure-blue, rugged disc darker or blackish, membra- 
 
 naceous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, striate. St. 4 cm. x 
 1-2 mm., azure-blue-black, attenuated upwards, apex white pruinose. 
 Gills hoary white, adnate, ventricose, very broad. Spores pink, angu- 
 larly globose, 7-8 x 7/u,, rough. On old oak trunk, and in pine woods. 
 Oct. Eare. 
 
 1299. N. exilis Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 12. Exilis, thin. 
 P. 12-18 mm., livid bluish grey, disc darker, papillate, membrana- 
 ceous, conical, then expanded, striate. St. 56 cm. x 2 mm., bluish 
 green, filiform, sticky. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnexed, 2-3 mm. 
 wide, somewhat crowded. Flesh bluish. Spores pink, angular, 8-10 x 
 6-7 IJL, 1-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.)
 
 406 NOLANEA. GALERA 
 
 1300. N. rubida Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 367, t. 340, lower figs. 
 
 Rubida, reddish. 
 
 P. 8 mm., white or greyish, at length with a pale ruddy tinge, mem- 
 branaceous, convex, at length ura.loilica:te, finely silky. St. 3-4 x 1 mm., 
 white, or greyish, thickest above, minutely silky. Gills whitish, then 
 rose colour, adnate, broad, ventricose, attenuated behind, with fre- 
 quently a more or less distinct tooth, sometimes subdecurrent. Spores 
 pink, "elliptical, 4-5 x 3 /A, smooth. Cystidia none" Massee. Smell 
 of new meal. Among grass in a conservatory. March Nov. Rare. 
 
 1301. N. rhodospora Br. & W. G. Sm. poSov, rose; cnropd, seed. 
 P. 2-5 cm., sooty-fibrillose, or rufescent pilose. St. 3 cm. x 2 mm., 
 
 white, subbulbous. Grills salmon or rose, sinuate or free. Spores pink. 
 On earth, and wooden borders in stoves. May Sept. Rare. 
 
 1302. N. minuta Karst. Minuta, small. 
 P. 11 '5 cm., pallid fuscous, paler when dry and shining, convex, 
 
 sometimes umbilicate, striate up to the umbilicus. St. 3-5 cm. x 
 1*5 mm., pallid fuscous. Gills pallid, adnate. Spores pink, globose, 
 angular, 7-9 p. On peaty soil in woods. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. 
 
 Galera Fr. 
 (Galerus, a cap.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous ; margin straight, at first ad- 
 pressed to the stem. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, or 
 adnexed. Spores ochraceous, cinnamon, or ferruginous, elliptical, 
 prunif orm, or almond-shaped ; smooth ; with a germ-pore, rarely con- 
 tinuous. Cystidia generally present. Growing on the ground. 
 
 *P. conico-campanulate, hygrophanous, rather even, when dry dotted 
 with soft particles; st. tense and straight; gills ascending, inserted 
 at the top of the cone, somewhat crowded. Veil none. 
 
 1303. G. hapalaFr. (= Bolbitius apalus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 1. 127, 
 fig. 1, as Galera apala Fr. a-7raXo9, tender. 
 
 P. 1-6 cm., livid becoming pale, quite white and shining when dry, 
 submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, then campanulate, obtuse, 
 regular, smooth, hygrophanous. St. 10-15 cm. x 2-4 mm., shining 
 white, rather fragile, slightly and equally attenuated upwards, very 
 straight, clothed with dense, erect, white flocci, base sometimes sub- 
 bulbous. Gills whitish, then bright ochraceous, adnexed, then free, 
 very narrowly lanceolate, thin, crowded. Flesh concolorous, very thin. 
 Spores tawny, pruniform, "12-14 x 7-8 /A" Sacc. Rich grassy places. 
 Sept. Rare.
 
 
 GALERA 407 
 
 var. sphaerobasis v. Post. <r<f>aipa, a globe; j3d<ris, base. 
 
 Differs from the type in the smooth stem, and bulbous base. Grassy 
 places. 
 
 1304. G. lateritia Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 127, fig. 2. Lateritia, brick-red. 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., ferruginous, or pale yellowish, ochraceous when dry, 
 
 hygrophanous, membranaceous, acorn-shaped, then campanulate, ob- 
 tuse, smooth; margin slightly and densely striate when moist. St. 
 7-11 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, attenuated upwards, tense and straight, 
 very fragile, even, white pruinose. Gills cinnamon, or tawny ferruginous, 
 adnexed, then free, ascending, very narrow, almost adpressed to the 
 st. Flesh white, thin. Spores ochraceous, " elliptical, with a flattened 
 germ-pore, 12-15 x 8-10)Lt, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill basidia- 
 like; apex prominent, small, stalked, capitate" Kick. Rich pastures, 
 and grassy places. June Oct. Rare. 
 
 1305. G. tenera (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 518, t. 461, upper figs. 
 
 Tenera, tender. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., pallid ferruginous, becoming pale when dry, hygropha- 
 nous, submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, smooth, slightly striate 
 when moist, opaque, somewhat atomate, or pulverulent. St. 7-5- 
 10 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, fragile, equal, or when larger thickened 
 downwards, tense and straight, somewhat shining, striate upwards, pul- 
 verulent. Gills cinnamon, adnate, then free, ascending, linear, somewhat 
 crowded. Flesh yellowish, slightly reddish in the st., thin. Spores pale 
 ferruginous, elliptical, with a flattened germ-pore, 14-15 x 8-9/t. 
 Cystidia on gill edge flask-shaped, apex subglobose, or obtuse; 18- 
 20 x 9-10 x 4-6/z, at apex. Woods, pastures, roadsides and gardens. 
 April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1306. G. pilosella (Pers.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 518, t. 461, lower figs., 
 as Galera tenera Schaeff. var. pilosella. Pilosella, hairy. 
 
 P. 1-5-2 cm., ferruginous, becoming paler when dry, hygrophanous, 
 submembranaceous, hemispherical, densely covered with short, erect 
 hairs. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, equal, densely covered with 
 short, erect hairs. Gills ferruginous, margin paler, adnexed, then free, 
 ventricose, 4-5 mm. wide, subdistant. Flesh of p. whitish, concolorous 
 in the stem. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptic oblong, 13-15 x 8/Lt. 
 Basidia broadly clavate, 20-25 x 12-14/4, with 2-4-sterigmata. Cys- 
 tidia on gill edge only, sparse, fusiform, apex globose ; 20-22 x 9-10 x 
 4-5/A at apex. Amongst grass in pastures and on rotten wood. 
 March Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1307. G. flexipes Karst. Flexus, bent; pes, foot. 
 P. 11-5 cm., ferruginous, ochraceous when dry, fleshy membrana- 
 ceous, campanulate, obtuse, pellucidly striate when moist. St. 2-
 
 408 GALERA 
 
 3 cm. x 1-5 mm., pallid, becoming ferruginous, equal, flexuose, white 
 fibrillose, apex white pruinose. Gills pallid, becoming ferruginous, 
 adnate, crowded, oblong. Spores 10-12 x 5-6/z. Amongst grass and 
 rotten wood. May Sept. Rare. 
 
 1308. 6. siliginea Fr. Siligo, a kind of very white wheat. 
 P. 1-2 cm., pallid grey, membranaceous, globoso-campanulate, then 
 
 convex and expanded, unequal, smooth; margin often flexuose. St. 
 5-7 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, or pallid, equal, often flexuose, sprinkled 
 with white pruina. Gills pallid ochraceous, broadly adnate, broadly 
 linear, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores ochraceous, 
 broadly elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 /A. Cystidia "stalked, capitate" Rick. 
 Pastures and roadsides. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1309. G. campanulata Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1174, 1. 1156, as Galera 
 siliginea Fr. Campanula, a little bell. 
 
 P. 12 cm., deep cinnamon, almost white and atomate when dry, per- 
 sistently campanulate, subacute, smooth, hygrophanous, slightly 
 rugulose. St. 5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, base darker, whitish when dry, 
 equal, or slightly incrassated at the base, flexuose, almost glabrous. 
 Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, 2 mm. broad, rather crowded. Flesh 
 white when dry, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, ends rather acute, 
 12 x 7 JM. Smell strong. Gregarious. Road scrapings, and dry places 
 by roadsides. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1310. G. ovalis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 519, t. 462. Ovalis, oval. 
 P. 2-3 cm., ferruginous, becoming yellow when dry, submembrana- 
 
 ceous, ovato-campanulate, obtuse, smooth; margin straight and ad- 
 pressed to the st. St. 7-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, tense 
 and straight, slightly striate, very fragile. Partial veil here and there 
 in the form of a ring, fugacious. Gills ferruginous, somewhat free, very 
 ventricose and broad, crowded, subdeliquescent. Flesh reddish, thin. 
 Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 6fi. Pastures, and on dung. 
 Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1311. G. antipus (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 128, fig. 2. 
 
 ami, opposite; Troy?, foot. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., deep ochraceous, pale almost white when dry, hygropha- 
 nous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, disc prominent, smooth. 
 St. 2-5-8 cm., paler than the p., tense and straight, equal, or bulbous 
 at the ground level, then continued into a long, tortuose, smooth, tail- 
 like root, apex white-mealy. Gills light yellowish ochraceous, then cinna- 
 mon, almost free, attenuated behind, semi-lanceolate, crowded. Flesh 
 white when dry, thick at the disc. Spores cinnamon, "nearly angular- 
 lemon-shaped, 8-10 x 6-7 /n. Cystidia on edge of gill, basidia-like- 
 pyriform, apex prominent, small, stalked, capitate, stalk very short,
 
 GALERA 409 
 
 head 45 /z, base 12 x 9//," Eick. Pastures, bare soil in gardens, 
 and on dung. March Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1312. G. conferta (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 18. 
 
 Conferta, crowded. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., fuscous, fuscous ochraceous when dry, hygrophanous, 
 submembranaceous, acutely conico-campanulate, fragile, striate, 
 smooth, often glittering with micaceous particles. St. 2-5 cm. x 1 
 2 mm., whitish, or cream colour, very fragile, silky, shining, naked, 
 attenuated at the base into a long root, striate, apex mealy. Gills white, 
 then fuscous ochraceous, slightly adnexed, then free, subdistant. Flesh 
 whitish, thin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, "ochraceous, pruniform, 
 10 p, " Quel. Very crowded, subcaespitose. Stoves, and on tan. Nov. 
 
 1313. G. spicula (Lasch) Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 7, fig. 5, as Nau- 
 coria furfuraceus Pers. Spiculum, a little sharp point. 
 
 P. 5-15 mm., brown ochre, membranaceous, conico-campanulate, 
 then expanded, hygrophanous, smooth, striate when moist, floccu- 
 lose when dry and atomate. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, equal, 
 thickened at the base, firm, densely covered with white flocci. Gills 
 ochraceous, then cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, 1-5-2 mm. broad. 
 Flesh concolorous, whitish in the St., very thin. Spores cinnamon, 
 elliptical, 6-8 x 4/z, "with an apical germ pore. Cystidia stalked-capi- 
 tate; head 8-9 />t, stalk 3-4 x 3-4/i, base 18-20 x 15-18^" Rick. 
 Coconut fibre trunks, and fallen leaves. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1314. G. spartea Fr. o-Tra/oro?, esparto grass. 
 P. 5-12 mm., watery ferruginous, or cinnamon, tan when dry, 
 
 hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, then expanded, 
 obtuse, pellucidly striate when moist, smooth. St. pale tawny, date 
 brown at the base, tense and straight, equal, smooth, polished, flexile, 
 diaphanous. Gills darker than the p., wholly adnate, somewhat linear, 
 then plane, crowded. Flesh concolorous, becoming paler, thin, very 
 fragile. Spores ferruginous, "subelliptical, 6-8 x 3-4 /x, smooth. 
 Cystidia stalked-capitate, base subglobose, 15 x 12-15/x, head 5-6 /i" 
 Rick. Amongst moss on heaths, pastures, and on burnt soil. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1315. G. pygmaeoaffinis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 128, fig. 1. 
 
 Ajjinis, allied to Naucoria pygmaea. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., subfuscous, or honey colour, then tan, fleshy membrana- 
 ceous, campanulate, then flattened, dry, delicately and under a lens 
 conspicuously reticulato-wrinkled, almost rugged or minutely granular. 
 St. 5-7-5 x 2 mm., shining white, fragile, equal, often striate and 
 pruinose at the apex. Veil scarcely any. Gills clay-ochraceous, then 
 ferruginous ochraceous, just reaching the st., almost free, thin,
 
 410 GALERA 
 
 crowded. Flesh concolorous, very thin at the margin. Spores pale 
 ochraceous, "elliptical, with a flattened germ-pore, 15-18 x 8-12/n, 
 smooth. Basidia 2-spored. Cystidia on edge of gill pyriform, apex 
 prominent, stalked, small, capitate, stalk 3-4 x Iju,, head round, 
 3-4 fjL, base 9/t broad" Rick. Grassy places at the base of trees, 
 heaths, thickets, and cucumber house. July Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 **P. membranaceous, campanulate, striate, smooth, hygrophanous, 
 even when dry, opaque, slightly silky; st. thin, lax, flexile; gills 
 broadly and planely adnate, broad, somewhat denticulate ; cortina 
 very fugacious. Slender, growing amongst moss. 
 
 1316. G. vittaeformis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 522, t. 464, upper figs. 
 
 Villa, a fillet ; forma, shape. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., date brown, tawny, or reddish, membranaceous, conical, 
 then hemispherical, obtuse, rarely papillate, pellucid, disc even, 
 smooth; margin striate, often delicately villose. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 1- 
 2 mm., rubiginous, opaque, equal, somewhat straight, smooth, or some- 
 times pubescent or pruinose, slightly striate under a lens. Veil scarcely 
 conspicuous. Gills watery cinnamon, then ferruginous, adnate, ventri- 
 cose, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores pale ferrugi- 
 nous, "almond-shaped, 11-15 x 7-9 /A, rough. Cystidia lanceolate, 
 50-60 x 10-12 jit, with a long, blunt point" Rick. Amongst moss, 
 and on burnt ground in pastures. May Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 1317. G. rubiginosa (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 128, fig. 3, as var. major. 
 
 Rubiginosa, rusty. 
 
 P. 6-30 mm., cinnamon, or honey colour, tan colour when dry, 
 hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, striate through- 
 out, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 1-2 mm., bay brown, or dark ferruginous, 
 equal, tough, flaccid, shining, smooth or pubescent under a lens. Gills 
 ochraceous, adnate, ascending, rather broad, but almost linear. Flesh 
 concolorous, becoming pale, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 
 5{j,. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1318. G. hypnorum (Schrank) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 523, t. 465. 
 
 Hypnum, a moss. 
 
 P. 6-12 mm., ochraceous pale yellowish, or watery cinnamon, tan 
 when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, often 
 papillate at the umbo, or obtuse, Uneato-striate except at the disc, 
 smooth. St. 5 cm. x 1-2 mm., slightly tawny, lemon yellow, or ochra- 
 ceous, equal, fiexuose, lax, smooth, apex pruinose. Gills cinnamon 
 tawny, adnate, broad, ventricose, distant, often connected by veins, 
 edge fiocculose. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores ferruginous, almond- 
 shaped, 11-15 x 6-8 p.. Cystidia fusiform, ventricose, 50-65 x 15- 
 17 x 5-7 /i. at apex. Woods, heaths, and pastures. May Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.)
 
 GALERA 411 
 
 var. bryonun (Pers.) Fr. Bryum, a moss. 
 
 Differs from the type in its larger size, and rather horny papilla. 
 
 Woods, heaths, and hedgerows. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. sphagnorum (Pers.) Fr. Sphagnum, a moss. 
 
 Differs from the type in being twice or thrice as large, and in the 
 long, subfibrillose tawny st. Bogs, and amongst Sphagna in woods. 
 June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1319. G. mniophila (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 524, t. 466, upper figs. 
 
 pviov, moss; <i\o?, loving. 
 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., fuscous light yellowish, almost clay colour when dry, 
 membranaceous, campanulate, almost papillate, striate, disc even. St. 
 4-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., yellow, equal, flexile, fibrillose, apex mealy, base 
 floccose. Gills light yellow ochraceous, then often fuscous clay colour, 
 obtusely adnate, piano-ascending, broad, subdistant. Flesh whitish, 
 thick at the disc. Spores ochraceous, oblong elliptical, 10-12 x 6/u,. 
 Cystidia "on edge of gill cylindrical-filiform, 30-36 x 3-4 /A" Rick. 
 Amongst mosses especially Mnium. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1320. G. minuta Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. m, t. 1, fig. 5. 
 
 Minuta, little. 
 
 P. 2-3 mm., ochraceous flesh, colour, or chamois-bistre, membrana- 
 ceous, campanulate, glabrous, striate. St. 1 cm. x 1 mm., tawny, 
 shining, smooth, arising from an arachnoid white pellicle. Gills cream 
 bistre, adnate, triangular, edge minutely fringed under a lens. Spores 
 ochraceous, pruniform, 6/x. In troops. Amongst moss, and on the 
 ground. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 ***P. submembranaceous, veil manifest, superficial, separating, at 
 the first (chiefly round the margin) silky, and squamulose. 
 
 1321. G. pityria Fr. TrLrvpov, bran. 
 P. 2-5 cm., lurid, or becoming ferruginous, pallid tan when dry, 
 
 fleshy-membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, 
 viscid; margin appendiculate with the fugacious, partial veil, at 
 length striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., silvery-shining, firm, cartilagi- 
 nous, but at length splitting into fibrils, tough, equal, smooth, rarely 
 fibrillose, apex white pulverulent. Gills watery cinnamon, then ferrugi- 
 nous, slightly adnexed, ascending, crowded. Spores ferruginous, 
 "almond-shaped, 12-13 x 8-9 fi, verrucose. Cystidia on edge of gill 
 filiform-clavate, 36-45 x 4-7 /A" Rick. Damp, frondose woods. Oct. 
 Nov. Rare. 
 
 1322. G.ravidaFr. Cke. Illus. no. 525, t. 467, fig. A. Ravida, greyish. 
 P. 1-4 cm., of a peculiar greyish colour, dirty ochraceous when dry, 
 
 fleshy membranaceous, campanulate, then hemispherical, moist,
 
 412 GALERA. PSATHYRA 
 
 somewhat slightly viscid, very hygrophanous, somewhat silky when dry, 
 margin appendiculato-toothed with the white veil when young. St. 
 4-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, becoming somewhat yellow, but silvery 
 shining, very fragile, ascending, or twisted, equal, fibrillosely striate, 
 apex somewhat pruinose. Gills ochraceous saffron, or pale yellowish, 
 somewhat free, broad, ventricose, distant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. 
 Spores ochraceous, " subfusif orm-elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /A, smooth" 
 Rick. Gregarious. Amongst chips, or rotten wood. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common. 
 
 1323. G. mycenopsis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 129, fig. 1. 
 
 Mycena a-tyis, like a Mycena. 
 
 P. 6-20 mm., pallid honey colour, slightly fleshy membranaceous, 
 subglobose, then campanulate, at length convexo-plane, obtuse, or 
 gibbous with a broadly elevated disc, naked at the disc, striate and 
 silky to the middle with superficial, white, villose down', margin often 
 clothed with little white scales the remains of the veil. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 
 2-4 mm., yellowish, white silky with adpressed, villose down, attenuated 
 upwards, straight or undulated, soft, apex obsoletely pruinose, or 
 slightly furfuraceous, base white villose. Gills pallid, adnexed, then 
 free, so ventricose at the middle as almost to be triangular, distant. 
 Flesh greyish in the p., whitish in the St., thick at the disc. Spores 
 deep ochraceous, elliptical, 9-13 x 5-8jM. Cystidia bottle-shaped, 
 apex often globose, base ventricose, 46-52 x 15-18 x 6-10/z, at apex. 
 Sphagnum swamps and in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1324. G. Sahleri Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 13. Sahler. 
 P. 48 mm., tawny chestnut, honey colour when dry, disc brighter 
 
 coloured, membranaceous, campanulate, often acutely conical, smooth, 
 hygrophanous, striate; margin at first covered with silky, fugacious 
 fibrils. St. 1-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., amber coloured, shining, filiform, fra- 
 gile, fibrillose. Gills cream colour, then tawny ochraceous, adnate, 
 1 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh yellowish, very thin. Spores tawny 
 ochre, oval, 9-11 x 6-7 p, with an apical germ-pore. On mossy 
 stumps, especially fir. May Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Spores purple, or fuscous. 
 Psathyra Fr. 
 
 (^raQvpos, fragile.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, regular; margin straight, at 
 first adpressed to the stem. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, 
 adnexed, or free. Spores purple, fuscous, or cinereous purple; ellip- 
 tical, oval, or oblong elliptical; smooth; with an apical germ-pore. 
 Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, or on wood; solitary, or 
 caespitose.
 
 PSATHYRA 413 
 
 P. sarcocephala (Fr.) Quel. = Psilocybe sarcocephala Fr. 
 
 P. canobrunnea (Batsch) Quel. = Psilocybe canobrunnea (Batsch) Fr. 
 
 P. spadicea (Fr.) Quel. = Psilocybe spadicea Fr. 
 
 P. cernua (Fl. Dan.) Quel. = Psilocybe cernua (Fl. Dan.) Fr. 
 
 P.foenisecii (Pers.) Quel. = Psilocybe foenisecii (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 I. P. conico-campanulate, gills ascending, adnexed, often free. 
 St. tense and straight. Veil none. 
 
 1325. P. elata Massee. (= Psathyra conopilea FT. va,i. superba (Jungh.) 
 Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1185, t. 1158, as Psathyra conopilea Fr. 
 var. superba Jung. Elata, tall. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., dark clear brown, pale ochraceous and minutely atomate 
 when dry, submembranaceous, obtusely campanulate, very sym- 
 metrical, smooth. St. 10-17-5 cm. x 5-6 mm., snow white, silky 
 shining, slightly and uniformly attenuated upwards, straight, rigid, 
 smooth. Gills whitish, then purplish brown, broadly adnate, 3-4 mm. 
 broad, soft, crowded. Flesh brownish, becoming whitish, thin at the 
 margin. Spores brown with a purple tinge, elliptical, 18 x 8-9/Lt. 
 Amongst grass in hedge banks. Aug. Rare. 
 
 1326. P. conopilea Fr. (= Psathyra superba Jungh. sec. Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 609, t. 575. KWVO?, a cone; pileus, cap. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., bay brown, then pale ochraceous when dry, submembrana- 
 ceous, conico-campanulate, scarcely expanded, obtuse, smooth, fragile. 
 St. 10-15 cm. x 2-4 mm., silvery-shining, becoming yellowish, slightly 
 attenuated upwards, tense and straight, polished, smooth. Gills white, 
 then flesh colour and finally fuscous purple, adnexed in the top of the 
 cone, 4-5 mm. broad, only slightly ventricose, crowded. Flesh yellow- 
 ish, then whitish, thin. Spores fuscous purple, broadly elliptical, 
 12-15 x 7-8/x. Pastures, roadsides, ditches. Sept. Nov. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1327. P. mastigera B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 610, t. 591, fig. A. 
 
 //,a<7T09, a breast; gero, I bear. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., dark rich brown, umber tan when dry, fleshy, nearly 
 cylindrical, obtuse, conico-campanulate, with a strong mammiform 
 umbo, repand; margin straight. St. 6-8 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, at- 
 tenuated upwards, smooth, or fibrillose and furfuraceous. Gills 
 umber, edge paler, affixed, ascending, rather narrow. Flesh pale umber, 
 thick at the disc. Spores fuscous, "elliptical, 15-16 x 7-8 JLI" Massee. 
 Roadsides amongst grass. July Nov. Rare. 
 
 1328. P. Loscosii Rabenh. Francisco Loscos. 
 P. 5 cm., greyish fuscous, membranaceous, campanulate, then ex- 
 panded, radiately sulcate, folds at length granularly crenate; margin
 
 414 PSATHYBA 
 
 involute. St. 7-5-12-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., pallid, becoming fuscous, equal, 
 tough, striate. Gills fuscous, becoming black, adnate, somewhat 
 crowded. Flesh sienna, thin. Smell and taste slight, fungoid. Caespi- 
 tose. Gardens, on mushroom beds. Nov. Eare. 
 
 1329. P. corrugis (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 611, t. 576. 
 
 Corrugis, full of wrinkles. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., rose colour, or pallid flesh colour, becoming pale when dry, 
 submembranaceous, fragile, campanulate, often subumbonate, smooth, 
 slightly striate when moist, wrinkled when dry, sprinkled with shining 
 atoms. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-5 mm., whitish, or rufescent, equal, tense and 
 straight, slightly firm, smooth. Gills white, then violaceous, at length 
 blackish, edge white, adnate, or sinuato-adnate, ventricose. Flesh 
 whitish, thin. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 12-14 x 6-7 /u,. Cys- 
 tidia " ventricose-fusiform, 60-75 x 10-12/M, often with a clavate, 
 swollen apex" Eick. Woods, pastures, hedgerows, and gardens. 
 April Jan. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. vinosa (Cda.) B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 612, t. 592. 
 
 Vinosa, wine colour. 
 
 Differs from the type in the somewhat roseate p. Gardens, and 
 pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. gracilis B. & Br. Gracilis, thin. 
 
 Differs from the type in being more slender. Gardens, and roadsides. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 These forms are not really worthy of varietal names. 
 
 1330. P. peUosperma (Bull.) B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 613, t. 577. 
 
 TreXXo?, dark coloured; wep^a, seed. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., white, or ochrey white, becoming fuliginous with age, 
 subcampanulate, or subovate, smooth, then striate, sometimes rugose. 
 St. 6-12 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, or concolorous, nearly equal, naked. 
 Gills cinereous, then fuliginous, at length black, free, broad, much 
 narrowed at the tips. Flesh white, thin. Spores cinereous fuscous, 
 elliptical, 8 x 4-5/x. Woods, and gardens. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1331. P. gyroflexa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1184, t. 970. 
 
 yvpos, round ',flexa, bent. 
 
 P. 11-5 cm., white, then pallid, or greyish, disc rufescent, submem- 
 branaceous, conical, then campanulate, obtuse, smooth, atomate; 
 margin striate. St. 45 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, shining, fragile, flexuose, 
 twisted, smooth. Gills greyish, then purple, adnate, ascending, broad. 
 Flesh white, thin. Spores "brown, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6 /x, smooth. 
 Cystidia on edge of gill ventricose-flask-shaped, 36-40 x 10-15/x, 
 blunt" Eick. Scattered, or subcaespitose. Pastures, and at the roots 
 of trees. Aug. Uncommon.
 
 
 
 PSATHYRA 415 
 
 1332. P. tenuicula Karst. Tenuicula, slight. 
 P. whitish, then livid, or smoky, pale when dry, campanulate, then 
 
 somewhat expanded, everywhere striate. St. hyaline, pellucid, usually 
 wavy. Gills pallid, then grey, adnate. Flesh, very thin. Spores, ellip- 
 tical, 5-6 x 3fj,. 
 
 II. P. campanulato-convex, flattened, smooth, or atomate; 
 gills piano- or arcuato-adfixed. Veil none. 
 
 1333. P. spadiceo-grisea (Schaeff.) Fr. Boud. Icon. 1. 135, as Psilocybe 
 spadiceo-grisea (Schaeff.) Fr. Spadicea, date brown ; grisea, grey. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., date brown, whitish grey when dry, very hygrophanous, 
 submembranaceous, very fragile, campanulate, then convex, at length 
 flattened, obtuse, or with a darker umbo, smooth ; margin striate. St. 
 4-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, shining, equal, apex striate, sometimes 
 pulverulent, base slightly swollen and white hairy. Gills umber fuscous, 
 adnexed, attenuated behind, at first ascending, narrow, crowded. Flesh 
 more or less fuliginous, becoming whitish, rather thick. Spores brownish 
 purple, oblong-elliptic, 8-11 x 4-6 //,, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia "on 
 surface of gill ventricose-cylindrical, 40-50 x 9-1 2 p, on edge of gill 
 vesiculose-clavate, 30-40 x 15-20 /u," Rick. Taste mild. Edible. 
 Solitary, or gregarious. On stumps, or at the base of trees. Woods, 
 and plantations. March Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1334. P. obtusata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 615, t. 593. Obtusata, blunted. 
 P. 1-3 cm., date brown fuscous, or umber fuscous, paler at the margin, 
 
 somewhat shining, submembranaceous, conical, then convex, at length 
 flattened, obtuse, wrinkled, disc even, hygrophanous; margin striate. 
 St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, equal, round, fragile, fibrilloso- 
 silky. Gills cinereous fuscous, then umber, adnate, broad, distinct, 
 subdistant. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores "reddish brown 
 under the microscope, elliptical, 9-10 x 5/u,, smooth. Cystidia lan- 
 ceolate-flask-shaped, 45-60 x 12-15/u," Rick. Solitary, or caespi- 
 tose. On oak trunks, and on the ground. Woods, and hedgerows. 
 Aug. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 var. minor (Vaill.) Fr. Minor, smaller. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size. 
 
 1335. P. neglecta Massee. Neglecta, overlooked. 
 P. 6-8 mm., pale ochraceous, white when dry except the disc, convex, 
 
 then almost plane, smooth, atomate when dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., 
 white, tinged with rufous below, pellucid, rather wavy, smooth. Gills 
 purple brown at maturity, slightly attached, rather broad, ventricose, 
 crowded. Spores purple brown, elliptical, 12 x 6/u,. On the ground. 
 Gardens. Oct. Nov. Rare.
 
 416 PSATHYRA 
 
 III. P. and st. at the first floccose or fibrillose from the 
 universal veil. 
 
 1336. P. frustulenta Fr. Frustuknta, full of small pieces. 
 P. 23 cm., watery ferruginous, but somewhat pallid, becoming pale 
 
 when dry, submembranaceous, very fragile, campanulate, then hemi- 
 spherical, obtuse, somewhat striate when moist, whitish floccose at or 
 about the margin. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, equal, somewhat 
 undulate, fibrillose, or sprinkled with white flocci. Gills watery cinnamon, 
 then fuscous, adnate, ascending, crowded. Flesh thin at the disc. 
 Spores "brown, short, elliptical, almost round, 6-7 x 4-5 fi, smooth. 
 Cystidia fusiform, 45-50 x 10-12/u," Rick. Amongst damp gravel. 
 Woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1337. P. bifrons Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 616, t. 594, fig. A. 
 
 Bifrons, with two faces. 
 
 P. 5-20 mm., ochraceous brown, tinged with red, pale tan when dry, 
 submembranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, slightly wrinkled, covered 
 with a delicate evanescent veil when young; margin thin, transparent. 
 St. 4-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, thickest at the base, straight, very 
 brittle, minutely satiny, naked. Gills pinkish cinereous, adnate, moder- 
 ately broad ; edge white, composed of minute wavy teeth Flesh yellow- 
 ish, thin. Spores cinereous purple, elliptical, obtuse at the one end, 
 subapiculate at the other, 9-10 x 4-5 /x. Cystidia "on edge of gill 
 subulate, 36-40 x 6-8 /A, blunt" Rick. Woods, hedgerows, and wood 
 heaps. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. semitincta Phill. Cke. Illus. no. 616, t. 594, fig. B. 
 
 Semi-, half; tincta, dyed. 
 
 Differs from the type in the pinkish p., with ochraceous disc. Woods, 
 and hedgerows. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1338. P. fatua Fr. (= Hypholoma fatuum (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 618, t. 595, fig. A. Fatua, foolish. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., tan fuscous, ochraceous clay when dry, submembrana- 
 ceous, oval, then campanulate, at length expanded, obtuse, everywhere 
 adpressedly fibrillose when young (the fibrils soon fugacious), then smooth, 
 rugulose and whitish clay colour when full grown ; margin somewhat 
 undulate, sometimes appendiculate with the veil. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 
 46 mm., shining white, somewhat firm, soon smooth, apex striate and 
 white mealy, base white villose. Gills white, then fuscous, adnate, 
 linear, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded, edge often white. Flesh concolorous, 
 thin. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, "12-13 x 6-7 /x" Sacc. 
 Caespitose, rarely solitary. Thickets, gardens, and rich pastures. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon.
 
 
 PSATHYRA 417 
 
 1339. P. semivestita B. & Br. (= Hypholoma semivestitum (B. & Br.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 617, t. 578. Semi-, half; vestita, clothed. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., dark brown, becoming pale, ovate, obtuse, sprinkled with 
 little snow-white fibrils more than half way up. St. 57 cm. x 3 mm., 
 snow-white, with a pale under tinge of brown, nearly straight, fibril- 
 loso-silky, the walls within white with down. Gills umber brown, 
 tinged with the dark spores, adnate, ascending, broad behind. Flesh 
 white, thick at the disc. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 10-12 x 
 5(j.. Cystidia "fusiform, 45-60 x 10-13//," Eick. Caespitose, or soli- 
 tary. Amongst grass. Rich pastures, and woods. Aug. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1340. P. fibrfflosa (Pers.) Fr. (= Hypholoma fibrillosum (Pers.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 618, t. 595, fig. B. 
 
 Fibrillosa, full of fibrils. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., livid, or becoming white, submembranaceous, fragile, 
 campanulate, then convex, at length flattened, obtuse, striate, covered 
 with long, white, fugacious fibrils, soon smooth. St. 6-10 cm. x 4 
 6 mm., white, equal, fragile, clothed throughout with fibrilloso-fascicu- 
 late, spreading, fugacious, white squamules, then smooth. Gills cinereous, 
 then becoming black purple, adnate, broader behind, 6-10 mm. broad, 
 at length plane, edge often white. Flesh greyish, becoming white, thin 
 at the margin. Spores black purple, pip-shaped, 6 x 3/x. Cystidia 
 " on edge of gill, vesiculose-clavate " Rick. Solitary. Woods. Sept. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1341. P. Gordonii B. & Br. (= Hypholoma Gordonii (B. & Br.) Big. 
 
 & Guillem.) Cke. Illus. no. 620, t. 580, fig. A. 
 
 Marchioness of Huntly. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., pale cinereous, then white, membranaceous, campanu- 
 late, sulcato-striate, sprinkled with white floccose scales. St. 4-5 cm. x 
 3 mm., white, equal, brittle, transversely undulated, white pruinose 
 above, floccose below, becoming at length smooth and shining. Gills 
 cinereous, narrowly adnate, ascending, moderately broad, distant. 
 Flesh yellowish, somewhat thick at the disc. Spores "broad, ellip- 
 tical, 11-13 x 7-8 ii, smooth, subopaque" Rick. Smell faint, nauseous. 
 Densely caespitose. Stumps, and amongst chips. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1342. P. glareosa B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 610, t. 591, fig. B. 
 
 Glareosa, belonging to gravel. -' 
 
 P. 1215 mm., grey, disc pale chestnut, campanulate, obtuse, or 
 umbonate, striate, withfiocci like little crumbs. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., 
 brown, clothed with white fibrils. Gills umber, adnate, broad behind. 
 Flesh brown, especially close to the gills. Spores black. On gravelly 
 soil after wet weather. June. Rare. 
 
 27
 
 418 PSATHYEA 
 
 1343. P. helobia Kalchbr. (= Psathyra corrugis (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rick.) 
 Kalclibr. Icon. t. 17, fig. 4. eXo?, a marsh; /3to?, life. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm., fuliginous umber, becoming pallid day colour, or some- 
 what rufescent when dry, scarcely fleshy, hygrophanous, campanulate, 
 soon plane or depressed, slightly umbonate, radiately rugose, with 
 concentric, elevated ridges towards the spreading, striate margin. St. 
 10-20 cm. x 2-3 mm., paler umber than the p., rufescent, becoming 
 pallid when dry, equal, undulate, flexuose, covered with lax, whitish, 
 fugacious flocci, fragile. Gills fuliginous, adnate, rounded behind, 
 ventricose, somewhat crowded. Flesh watery reddish. Spores black, 
 "elliptical, ends rather acute, 12 x 6/1" Massee. Gregarious. Moist 
 places in pine woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1344. P. pennata Fr. (= Hypholoma pennatum (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. 
 lUus. no. 620, t. 580, fig. B. Pennata, feathered. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., inclining to livid, then white, or becoming fuscous-brick 
 when young, submembranaceous, ovate, then campanulate, 12 mm. 
 high, for a long time densely clothed with white, fugacious, plumose 
 scales towards the margin, at length naked. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., 
 white, then silvery, fragile, equal, villose, apex white pulverulent. Gills 
 livid, then fuscous blackish, adnexed, ventricose, 4-5 mm. broad, 
 crowded, edge often white. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores 
 blackish purple, pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4-5 JLI, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on 
 surface of gill lanceolate-pointed, 50-70 x 10-20/z, on edge of gill 
 vesiculose-clavate, 40-50 x 8-10/Li, sometimes with reddish con- 
 tents" Rick. Gregarious. Burnt soil, and sawdust. Woods and 
 gardens. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1345. P. gossypina (Bull.) Fr. (= Hypholoma gossypinum (Bull.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 621, t. 612, fig. A. Gossypina, cottony. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., ochraceous clay, disc darker, submembranaceous, cam- 
 panulate, then expanded, tomentose with white, fugacious flocci, soon 
 becoming smooth', margin striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 3 4mm., whitish, 
 densely tomentose with white, erect flocci, equal, or slightly attenuated 
 at the base, fragile. Gills white, then fuscous-black, adnate, 34 mm. 
 broad, ventricose, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores 
 purple, elliptical, 8-9 x 4/x. Subcaespitose. On the ground, and on 
 twigs. Woods and heaths. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1346. P. noli-tangere Fr. (= Hypholoma noli-tangere (Fr.) Quel.) FT. 
 Icon. t. 138, fig. 3. Noli-tangere, touch not. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., pallid umber, or dark fuscous, becoming pale when dry, 
 very hygrophanous, fragile, membranaceous, campanulate, then ex- 
 panded, obtuse, smooth, striate throughout, becoming even when dry, 
 covered with white, fugacious, thin flocci round the margin. St. 2- 
 4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid fuscous, base darker, equal, very fragile, often
 
 PSATHYRA. PSATHYRELLA 419 
 
 curved, smooth. Gills pallid, then dark fuscous, adnate, broad, plane. 
 Flesh grey, very thin at the margin. Spores lilac, "subcylindrical, 
 7-9 x 4-5 p, smooth, transparent brown. Cystidia on edge of gill 
 fusiform, 40-45 x 10-13ju, " Rick. Gregarious. Oak chips, and damp 
 shady ground. Sept. Dec. Rare. 
 
 1347. P. microrhiza (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 622, t. 596, fig. A. 
 
 /zitf/oo?, small; pi^a, root. 
 
 P. -5-3 cm., ochraceous, or rufous brown, becoming pale, membrana- 
 ceous, campanulate, dry, shining with atoms, at first yellow pilose. 
 St. 4-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, fragile, rooting, silky. Gills pallid, 
 then black brown, adnexed, narrow, crowded. Spores/wscows, "broadly 
 elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 p, smooth, transparent brown. Cystidia lan- 
 ceolate, 45-50 x 10-12 fi, blunt" Rick. Gregarious. Bare soil in 
 gardens. Sept. Rare. 
 P. urticaecola B. & Br. = Coprinus urticaecola (B. & Br.) Buller. 
 
 Spores black, or blackish. 
 
 Psathyrella Fr. 
 (Diminutive of Psathyra.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, regular; margin straight, at 
 first adpressed to the stem. Stem central, confluent with the pileus. 
 Gills adnate, or free. Spores black, or fuscous black, elliptical, or 
 oval; smooth; with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia present. Growing 
 on the ground, or on wood ; solitary, or caespitose. 
 
 *St. tense and straight, smooth. 
 
 1348. P. subatrata (Batsch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 139, fig. 1. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; atrata, clothed in black. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., umber-rufescent, fuliginous, or somewhat olivaceous, 
 pallid rufescent when dry, membranaceous, campanulate, 2-5 cm. high, 
 then expanded, obtuse, or somewhat umbonate, smooth, slightly 
 striate round the margin. St. 2-5-12-5 cm. x 24 mm., becoming pale 
 white, tense and straight, equal, smooth. Gills fuliginous blackish, 
 almost umber, adnexed in the top of the cone, adnate when the p. is 
 more expanded, linear, usually 2 mm. broad, sometimes ven- 
 tricose, 4 mm. broad. Flesh yellowish white, somewhat fuliginous 
 under the cuticle of the p., thin. Spores fuliginous black, elliptical, 
 14-17 x 7-9 /x. Cystidia "on edge of gill bluntly fusiform, 45-55 x 
 8-15/i" Rick. Taste bitter. Gregarious. Rich pastures, woods, and 
 hedgerows. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1349. P. gracilis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 635, t. 634. Gracilis, slender. 
 P. 1-4 cm., fuliginous, livid, or pale grey, tan, rosy, or whitish when 
 
 dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, 
 
 272
 
 420 PSATHYRELLA 
 
 slightly and pellucidly striate only round the margin. St. 6-8 cm. x 
 23 mm., whitish, remarkably tense and straight, fragile, equal, smooth, 
 naked, base white villose. Gills whitish, then cinereous-blackish, wholly 
 adnate, commonly broader behind, rarely linear, subdistant, edge rose- 
 coloured. Flesh white, thin. Spores black, oblong elliptical, 11-14 x 
 5-6'5/M. Cystidia on edge of gill abundant, fusiform, or cylindrical, 
 apex obtuse, 5-9/u. in diam., base subventricose, 36-50 x 8-16/x. 
 Gregarious. Woods, hedgerows, waysides, and wood heaps. May 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1350. P. hiascens Fr. (= Coprinus hiascens (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 636, t. 635. Hiascens, splitting. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., livid, then becoming yellow, membranaceous, conico- 
 campanulate, 2-5 cm. high, obtuse, smooth, soon split and opening in 
 furrows often to the middle, the divided margin at length revolute. 
 St. 4-7*5 cm. x 23 mm., whitish, tense and straight, rigid-fragile, 
 naked, smooth. Gills whitish, then shining black, at length very dead 
 black, adnate, narrow, linear, or somewhat attenuated in front, 
 distant. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores black, "wedge- 
 shaped-rounded, 10-12 x 7-11 /x" Karst. Grassy places, hedgerows, 
 damp woods, and rubbish heaps. April Nov. Rare. 
 
 1351. P. arata Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 637, t. 636. dpoco, I plough. 
 P. 2 cm., bright brown, membranaceous, campanulato-conic, 2-5 cm. 
 
 high, rather acute, deeply sulcate. St. 12-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, 
 thickened at the base, smooth. Gills purplish black, quite free, lanceo- 
 late. Flesh concolorous at the disc, thin at the margin. Under hedges. 
 Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1352. P. trepida Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 139, fig. 2. Trepida, trembling. 
 P. 23 cm.., fuliginous, disc date brown, membranaceous, very fragile, 
 
 campanulate, obtuse, smooth, slightly but densely striate up to the 
 even disc. St. 6 7'5 cm. x 12 mm., whitish, diaphanous, equal, tense 
 and straight, rarely flexuose, quite smooth, naked. Gills greyish, then 
 fuliginous shining black, adnate, crowded, ventricose, very thin. Flesh 
 brownish in the p., very thin. Spores dead black, "elliptical, 12-14 x 
 6-7 ju,, smooth, opaque. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform, 40-50 x 
 9-10/u," Rick. Muddy marshes, and on twigs in woods. July Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1353. P. hydrophora (Bull.) Fr. (= Coprinus hydrophorus (Bull.) 
 Quel.) Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 358. 
 
 vBcop, water; <f>epw, I bear. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., rufescent, becoming greyish towards the margin, sub- 
 membranaceous, conico-campanulate, disc broad, obtuse, smooth, at 
 length expanded and revolute; margin striate, at first appendiculate with 
 the fugacious veil. St. 6-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, fragile, straight,
 
 PSATHYRELLA 421 
 
 equal, smooth, beaded with dew-like drops in wet weather. Gills palegrey, 
 then livid black, adnate, ascending, narrow, linear, 2 mm. broad, 
 crowded. Spores bay purple, "elliptical, 9-10 x 5 6/i, smooth, trans- 
 parent brown. Cystidia on edge of gill subulate, 50-60 x 8-10/i" 
 Rick. Caespitose. Gardens, and woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 **St. flexuose, pruinate at the apex. 
 
 1354. P. caudate Fr. (= Panaeolus caudatus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 639, t. 637. Caudata, having a tail. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., date brown, tan colour obsoletely turning to flesh colour 
 when dry, membranaceous, very tender, conical, then campanulate, 
 at length flattened, smooth, disc subgibbous, even, otherwise pellucidly 
 striate, dry, often splitting and subdeliquescent in wet weather. St 
 7 11 cm. x 3-4 mm., whitish, attenuated upwards from the thick- 
 ened, rooting, fibrillose base, very fragile, curved, at length twisted, un- 
 dulate, apex white pruinose. Gills grey, then cinereous black, adnate, 
 8mm. broad. Spores fuscous black, "elliptical, 13-17 x 8-9 /x, 
 smooth, opaque. Cystidia on edge of gill, ventricose-fusiform, 30 
 40 x 9-10/i"Rick. In troops, or caespitose. Gardens, charcoal heaps, 
 and stumps of a wooden pavement. May Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1355. P. prona Fr. (== Psathyrella prona Fr. var. Smithii Massee.) 
 Fr. Icon. t. 139, fig. 3. Prona, bending downwards. 
 
 P. 5-12 mm., fuliginous, hoary when dry, hygrophanous, membrana- 
 ceous, campanulate, then hemispherical, very obtuse, smooth, pel- 
 lucidly striate, obsoletely silky-atomate and opaque when dry. St. 
 4 cm. x 1 mm., white, hyaline, becoming pale, equal, flexuose, lax, very 
 smooth, apex pruinose. Gills greyish, then livid fuliginous, adnate, 
 plane, subtriangular, 4 mm. broad, distant, edge often rose-coloured. 
 Flesh yellowish, very thin. Spores very dead black, "elliptical, 
 12-16 x 7-8/Lt, smooth, opaque. Cystidia on edge ventricose-fusi- 
 form, 40-60 x 8-10/u," Rick. Rich pastures, and in ruts of roads in 
 woods. May Oct. Rare. 
 
 1356. P. empyreumatica B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 641, t. 657, fig. A. 
 
 efwrvpos, burnt. 
 
 P. 4 cm., rufous, then becoming pale, hygrophanous, membrana- 
 ceous, expanded, atomate; margin crenate. St. 6 cm. x 3 mm., pallid, 
 silky furfuraceous. Gills rufous, then brown purple, adnate, with a 
 decurrent tooth, 4 mm. broad, thick, distant, connected by veins, edge 
 pallid. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores black. Smell strong. Wooden 
 pavement. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1357. P. atomate Fr. (= Panaeolus atomatus (Fr.) Quel.) 
 
 aro/A09, an atom. 
 P. 1-3 cm., livid, or reddish, becoming pale tan or pale flesh colour
 
 422 PSATHYRELLA. OMPHALIA 
 
 when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, 
 slightly striate, slightly wrinkled and without striae when dry, 
 sprinkled with shining atoms. St. 4-7 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, equal, 
 lax, fragile, slightly bent, apex white pulverulent. Gills whitish, then 
 cinereous-blackish, adnate, broad, ventricose, slightly distant. Flesh 
 pallid, thin. Spores black, elliptical, 11-15 x 6-8 ^t. Cystidia 
 "fusiform, 40-50 x 8-10/*" Rick. Solitary, or gregarious. Woods, 
 pastures, roadsides, and hedgerows. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. expolita Fr. Expolita, polished. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, conical p., and undulate, 
 smooth st. Woods, pastures and hedgerows. Sept. Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1358. P. crenata (Lasch) Fr. (= Coprinus crenatus (Lasch) Eick.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 643, t. 847. Crenata, notched. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., ochraceous, or rufescent, then pale, hygrophanous, mem- 
 branaceous, hemispherical, sulcate, atomate, crenate at the margin. 
 St. 4-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, or brownish, fragile, equal, base 
 thickened and villose, striate and mealy above. Gills yellowish fuscous, 
 then blackish, adnate, sub ventricose. Flesh yellowish in the p., thin. 
 Spores brownish black, elliptical, 9-12 x Q/JL. Cystidia "bottle- 
 shaped, 50-150 x 22-33/i" Rick. Woods, pastures, roadsides, and 
 amongst beech leaves. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1359. P. disseminata (Pers.) Fr. (= Coprinus disseminatus (Pers.) 
 Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 140. Disseminata, spread abroad. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., whitish, or yellowish, then becoming cinereous, commonly 
 livid, disc becoming yellow, membranaceous, oval, then campanulate 
 or convex, scurfy, then becoming smooth, deeply striate, sulcate. St. 
 2-56 cm. x 2 mm., white, fragile, often curved, lax, somewhat 
 flexuose, slightly scurfy, then smooth, arising from a byssoid, white 
 mycelium. Gills whitish, then blackish, adnate, linear, 2 mm. broad. 
 Flesh white, yellowish at the disc, very thin. Spores black, pip-shaped, 
 9-10 x 5-6 /i. Cystidia " cylindrical- vesiculose, 60-75 x 8-12 /A" Rick. 
 Densely crowded, or caespitose. Old stumps, and bare ground. April 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 **Gills decurrent. 
 
 Spores white. 
 Omphalia (Pers.) Fr. 
 (o/i<aXo9, the navel.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, often umbilicate. Stem 
 central, cartilaginous. Gills decurrent. Spores white, rarely yellowish, 
 elliptical, reniform, pip-shaped, boat-shaped, subglobose, or oblong
 
 OMPHAUA 423 
 
 elliptical; smooth, punctate, verrucose, or echinulate; continuous. 
 Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, or on wood; 
 solitary, caespitose, subcaespitose, or fasciculate. 
 
 I. P. at the first spread out, margin incurved. 
 A. Generally comparatively large; gills narrow, very crowded. 
 
 1360. 0. hydrogramma (Bull.) FT. Fr. Icon. t. 71. 
 
 vBa)p, water; ^/pa^^rj, a line. 
 
 Livid, or whitish livid when moist, whitish when dry. P. 5-7 cm., 
 submembranaceous, flaccid, deeply umbilicate, very hygrophanous ; 
 margin spreading, undulate, striate. St. 6-8 cm. x 6 mm., very carti- 
 laginous, smooth, generally compressed, undulated, base rooted and 
 white tomentose. Gills livid-whitish, deeply decurrent, very crowded, 
 narrow, arcuate, very unequal. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 5 x 3/z. Subcaespitose. Amongst dead leaves, 
 especially beech. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1361. 0. detrasa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 73, fig. 1. Detrusa, thrust down. 
 P. 2-5 cm., dark cinereous, subzonate, somewhat fleshy, convex, 
 
 then umbilicate. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 4 mm., concolorous, firm, attenu- 
 ated upwards, smooth, whitish at the base. Gills whitish, decurrent by 
 a tooth, thin, crowded. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores 
 white, "7-8 x 4 /A" Sacc. Woods. Sept. Oct. Eare. 
 
 1362. 0. umbilicata (SchaefE.) Fr. Schaeff. t. 207. 
 
 Umbilicata, having a navel. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., livid when moist, the disc becoming somewhat fuscous, 
 whitish or yellowish when dry, hygrophanous, submembranaceous, 
 convexo-plane, deeply umbilicate at first, then infundibuliform, 
 smooth. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, here and there flexuose, 
 twisted, or incurved, apex silky-striate with white fibrils, base some- 
 what rooting, or cohering with villose down. Gills whitish, at first 
 shortly, then deeply decurrent, crowded, thin, unequal. Spores white, 
 "kidney-shaped, 6-8 x 2-5-4 /z" Sacc. Caespitose. In woods amongst 
 moss. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 1363. 0. maura Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 73, fig. 2. Maura, Moorish. 
 P. 2-4 cm., fuliginous and striate when moist, livid and silky shining 
 
 when dry, hygrophanous, submembranaceous, convex, deeply umbili- 
 cate, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., fuliginous-blackish, very car- 
 tilaginous, somewhat horny, rigid, smooth. Gills shining white, very 
 acutely and deeply decurrent, arcuate, attenuated at both ends, very 
 crowded. Flesh fuliginous, thin at the margin. Spores white, sub- 
 globose, 5-6 x 5 //,, punctate. Smell none, or of new meal. Pastures, 
 heaths, and lawns. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 424 OMPHALIA 
 
 1364. 0. offuciata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 72, fig. 3. Offuciata, painted. 
 P. 2-3 cm., dark, then pale flesh colour, becoming pale and almost 
 
 whitish when old and dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex, then 
 piano-depressed, smooth. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., reddish, or con- 
 colorous, very cartilaginous, round, then compressed, equal, apex 
 obsoletely pruinose, smooth. Gills of the same colour as the pileus, 
 moderately decurrent, narrow, straight, crowded. Under beech. Oct. 
 Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 1365. 0. scyphoides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 75, fig. 3, as Omphalia scyphi- 
 formis. <ncv(f>o<;, a cup; etSo9, like. 
 
 Shining white, becoming yellowish when dry. P. 8-50 mm., mem- 
 branaceous, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, undulate, silky. St. 
 2-5 cm. x 1-3 mm., flexuose, villose; base white, tomentose. Gills 
 decurrent, narrow, crowded, linear. Flesh white, thin at the margin. 
 Spores white, boat-shaped, 8-9 x 5/u,, and 6 x 2-3/n, 1-guttulate. 
 On bare soil and amongst leaves in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 B. Medium size; gills rather distant, narrow, attenuated at both ends. 
 
 1366. 0. chrysophylla Fr. (= Flammula chrysophylla (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 74, fig. 1. y^pva'6^, gold; <f>v\Xov, leaf. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., yellow-fuscous when moist, tan-hoary or hoary whitish 
 when dry, submembranaceous, at the first deeply umbilicate, flocculose, 
 subsquamulose, the spreading border somewhat reflexed. St. 2-5- 
 5cm. x 4mm., golden egg-yellow, tough, equal, somewhat incurved; 
 base villose, rooting. Gills golden egg-yellow, truly decurrent, distant, 
 broad. Spores white, "pale yellow" Quel., "elliptical, 11-12 x 5/u,, 
 smooth. Cystidia none" Rick. On pine sawdust, and stumps. Aug. 
 Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1367. 0. Allenii Rene Maire. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11. 
 
 W. B. Allen, the mycologist of Benthall, Broseley, Shropshire. 
 P. 1-2 cm., olive-greenish, whitish when dry, hygrophanous, convex, 
 then plane, somewhat umbilicate, thin. St. 2-4 cm. x 2-5 mm., lemon- 
 yellow, cylindrical, subcartilaginous ; base white, strigose. Gills lemon- 
 yellow, decurrent, very narrow, somewhat thick, subdistant, unequal, 
 more or less undulating, united by veins. Flesh yellow in the stem, 
 greenish yellow in the pileus. Spores white, elliptical, 6-5-7-5 x 3-5- 
 4/u.. Cystidia none. Taste mild. On a stump of a deciduous tree. 
 Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1368. 0. Postii Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 74, fig. 2. 
 
 H. von Post, the Swedish mycologist. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., bright orange, membranaceous, at first umbilicate, then 
 depressed, convex, smooth, striate towards the margin. St. 5-8 cm. x
 
 OMPHALIA 425 
 
 2-4 mm., light yellow, becoming pale, equal, tense and straight, 
 smooth. Gills whitish, deeply decurrent, 2 mm. broad, linear, arcuate, 
 subdistant. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 
 4-5/u,, 1-guttulate. Charcoal heaps, and boggy places. July Oct. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. aurea Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1151, t. 1152, fig. B, as Omphalia 
 
 Postii Fr. Aurea, golden. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., golden-yellow, very regular, infundibuliform, margin 
 
 drooping. St. 5cm. x 3-4 mm., concolorous; base white, tapering. 
 
 Gills white, slightly decurrent, crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 
 
 7 x 3-5/z. On Sphagnum in swamps. Rare. 
 
 1369. 0. pyxidata (Bull.) Fr. (= Omphalia hepatica (Batsch) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 254, t. 194, lower figs. Pyxidata, box-shaped. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., brick-rufescent, or rufous fuscous and radiato-striate when 
 moist, becoming pale, opaque, flocculose or slightly silky when dry, 
 membranaceous, pellucid, umbilicate, then infundibuliform. St. 
 2-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, then rufescent, tough, sometimes pruinose. 
 Gills flesh colour, then pale yellowish, decurrent, subdistant, narrow. 
 Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/n, 1-guttulate. 
 Amongst grass on lawns, and in woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1370. 0. leucophylla Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 73, fig. 4. 
 
 \evfc6s, white; <f>v\\ov, leaf. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., dark cinereous, submembranaceous, infundibuliform; 
 margin reflexed, involute. St. 4 cm. x 2 mm., cinereous, slightly rigid. 
 Gills shining white, decurrent, arcuate, subdistant. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 6-7 x3-4/i. Woods, and pastures. April Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1371. 0. telmatiaea Berk. & Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 256, t. 240. 
 
 T\/j,aTiaio?, marshy. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., brown, then mouse-coloured, rather membranaceous, 
 soon infundibuliform, silky, margin reflexed. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-6 mm., 
 cinereous, compressed ; base white, tomentose. Gills pallid, decurrent, 
 distant. Flesh brownish, thick at the disc. Spores white, "elliptical 
 with an oblique apiculus, 7 x 4ju" Massee. On Sphagnum. Aug. 
 Rare. 
 
 1372. 0. striaepilea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 73, fig. 3. 
 
 Strix, a furrow; pileus, a cap. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., livid fuscous, becoming pale-white when dry, submem- 
 branaceous, convex, then flattened, umbilicate, the whole elegantly 
 striate, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 2 mm., becoming fuscous, slightly tough, 
 often flexuose. Gills whitish, slightly decurrent, somewhat crowded, 
 2-3 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores white,
 
 426 OMPHALIA 
 
 "globose, 7-8 /x, echinulate. Basidia with 2-sterigmata " Eick. 
 Amongst moss, and leaves in woods. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1373. 0. epichysium (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Icon. pict. t. 13, fig. 1. 
 
 7Ti^v(7i<;, a vessel for pouring out. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., cinereous-fuliginous and striate when moist, becoming 
 pallid, silky, or fiocculosely-squamulose when dry, membranaceous, 
 somewhat plane, umbilicate; margin somewhat reflexed. St. 2-5- 
 3 cm. x 2 mm., cinereous, tough, base white tomentose. Gills whitish 
 cinereous, shortly plano-decurrent. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 
 4-5ju. On rotten stumps, and logs. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1374. 0. sphagnicola Berk. (= Omphalia philonotis (Lasch) Quel.) 
 Cke. Ulus. no. 257, t. 289, upper figs. 
 
 Sphagnum, Sphagnum; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., dirty pale-ochre, becoming darker, somewhat fleshy, 
 moist, tough, infundibuliform, obscurely striate, minutely squamulose. 
 St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, somewhat crooked, apex minutely 
 squamulose at first. Gills dirty ochraceous, decurrent, narrow, sub- 
 distant, thick, edge flattish. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-9 x 3-5 //," 
 Karst. On Sphagnum in bogs, and woods. May Sept. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1375. 0. philonotis (Lasch) Fr. (= Omphalia sphagnicola Berk. sec. 
 Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 76, fig. 1. <f>i\o<;, loving; i/ort?, wet. 
 
 Cinereous-fuliginous, fragile. P. 1-3 cm., membranaceous, the whole 
 deeply infundibuliform, hygrophanous,^occose when dry; margin erect. 
 St. 4 cm. x 2 mm., sometimes attenuated upwards; base white, 
 floccose. Gills deeply decurrent, subdistant, narrow, lanceolate. Flesh 
 greyish, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical or pip-shaped, 
 7-8 x 4-5 fi. On Sphagnum in bogs and amongst short grass. May- 
 Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1376. 0. oniscus Fr. (= Omphalia caespitosa Bolt. sec. Quel.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 76, fig. 3. oviffKos, a wood-louse. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., dark cinereous, becoming pale, grey-hoary when dry, 
 submembranaceous, flaccid, fragile when old, convexo-umbilicate, or 
 infundibuliform, often irregular, undulato-flexuose or lobed, smooth; 
 margin striate. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 2 mm., grey, somewhat firm, tough, 
 sometimes compressed, curved. Gills cinereous, shortly decurrent, sub- 
 distant. Flesh grey, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 
 4-5/Li, 1-guttulate. Woods, and boggy places. Oct. Dec. Uncom- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 1377. 0. Luffii Massee. John Luff. 
 P. 2-3 cm., pattid, then white, convex, then depressed; margin up- 
 turned at extreme edge. St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, thickened above,
 
 OMPHALIA 427 
 
 polished, often wavy. Gills pallid, decurrent, crowded. Flesh white, 
 very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3/u,. Smell fragrant, of anise. 
 Amongst grass. Bare. 
 
 1378. 0. caespitosa (Bolt.) Cke. (= Omphalia oniscus Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 258, t. 209, lower figs. Caespitosa, tufted. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., yellowish-white, opaque white when dry, submembrana- 
 ceous, sulcate nearly to the disc, convex, subhemispherical, umbilicate ; 
 margin crenate. St. 1-2 cm. x 3 mm., concolorous, generally curved, 
 base subbulbose. Gills whitish, shortly decurrent, very broad, very 
 distant, triangular. Spores white, "subglobose, 6 x 5/i" W. G. Sm. 
 Moors, and on peat in sandy heaths. May Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1379. 0. glaucophylla (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1153, t. 959, fig. B. 
 
 yXavfcos, pale green; <J>v\\ov, a leaf. 
 
 P. 1 cm., mouse colour, becoming pale when dry, membranaceous, 
 infundibuliform, plicato-striate, hygrophanous, slightly smooth. St. 
 10-15 x 2-3 mm., concolorous, firm. Gills olivaceous, decurrent, lan- 
 ceolate, subdistant. Spores white, "nearly comma-shaped, 4-5 x 
 2ju," Rick. On the ground in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1380. 0. rustica Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1153, t. 959, fig. C. 
 
 Rustica, belonging to the country. 
 
 P. 1 cm., fuscous, then grey and striate when moist, becoming either 
 fuscous, or silky and hoary when dry, membranaceous, umbilicate at 
 the disc, otherwise convex. St. 10-15 x 1 mm., fuscous, then grey, 
 polished, equal, often thickened upwards, base white, villose. Gills 
 grey, decurrent, thick, subdistant, edge arcuate. Flesh white, thin at 
 the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5/u, often curved, 2- 
 many-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1381. 0. scyphifonnis Fr. crtcixfros, a cup;/orma, shape. 
 Entirely snow-white. P. 5-20 mm., membranaceous, convex, then 
 
 infundibuliform, pellucid ; margin striate, crenulate. St. 3-4 cm. x 
 2 mm., flexuose, apex thickened. Gills very decurrent, distant, thin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4/>t, 1-guttulate. Flesh white, very thin 
 at the margin. On bare ground, and amongst moss in deciduous woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1382. 0. alutacea Cke. & Massee. (= Clitocybe alutacea Cke. & 
 Massee.) 1 Alutacea, like tanned leather. 
 
 P. 10-15 mm., tan-coloured, membranaceous, convex, then um- 
 bilicate; margin incurved. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., rather paler than 
 the pileus. Gills paler than the pileus, decurrent, narrow, crowded, 
 arcuate. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4/>t. Amongst grass, and moss 
 in woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1 By an oversight this species was described under Clitocybe (no. 823), but 
 its correct position is here.
 
 428 OMPHALIA 
 
 C. Gills very distant, broad, generally thick. 
 
 1383. 0. atropuncta (Pers.) Quel. (= Eccilia atropuncta (Pers.) Fr.) 
 Boud. Icon. t. 70. Ater, black; puncta, spotted. 
 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., cinereous, or grey fuliginous, campanulate, then de- 
 pressed and cup-shaped, often slightly squamulose. St. 2-4 cm. x 
 2-3 mm., blackish grey, apex paler, covered with Hack punctiform 
 squamules, thickened upwards ; base pulverulent, white. Gills greyish 
 flesh colour, decurrent, thick, narrow, distant. Flesh of pileus pale 
 fuliginous, blackish towards the basal portion of the stem. Spores white 
 or yellowish, subglobose, or angularly-globose, 4-5-5-5 x 4-5)u., 1- 
 many-guttulate. Smell unpleasant. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1384. 0. demissa Fr. (= Ag. rufulus B. & Br.) Bres. Fung. Trid. 
 t. 35, fig. 1. Demissa, let down. 
 
 P. 8-15 mm., fuscous-rufescent, submembranaceous, convex, then 
 expanded, obtuse, at length umbilicate, striate when moist, subflocculose, 
 obsoletely pruinose when dry; margin crenate. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 liver-rufescent, becoming pale, shining, flexuose, base white tomentose. 
 Gills becoming purple, often forked, thick, subdecurrent, becoming very 
 broad behind, distant, interstices veiny. Flesh purple-vinous, becoming 
 pale. Spores white, "ovoid, 10-12 x 6-8 p,, granular" Bres. In woods 
 and waste places. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1385. 0. hepatica (Batsch) Fr. (= Omphalia pyxidata (Bull.) Fr. sec. 
 Quel. ; Omphalia subhepatica (Batsch) Sacc.) Cke. Illus. no. 259, 
 t. 250, fig. B. Hepatica, like liver. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., rufous-flesh-colour when moist, slightly tawny, or tan 
 and somewhat shining when dry, coriaceo-membranaceous, tough, um- 
 bilicato-convex, then infundibuliform, often undulato-lobed, smooth. 
 St. 2-5 cm. x 2 mm., fuscous-flesh-colour, very tough, becoming com- 
 pressed, broader and dilated at the apex, rarely white-pruinose. Gills 
 whitish, becoming pale, deeply decurrent, distant, prominently con- 
 nected by veins, narrow, linear, sometimes crisped. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 5-8 x 4-5 p,. On lawns, and amongst short grass in woods. 
 Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1386. 0. muralis (Sow.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 259, t. 250, fig. C. 
 
 Muralis, belonging to a wall. 
 
 P. 820 mm., rufous brown, submembranaceous, tough, convex, 
 umbilicate, then infundibuliform, radiato-striate, smooth; margin 
 crenutate. St. 6-12 x 1-2 mm., concolorous, equal, smooth; base 
 white, floccose. Gills pallid, or flesh colour, decurrent, distant. Flesh 
 concolorous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, with, an oblique basal 
 apiculus, 9-10 x 4'5-5/t. On old walls, sandy banks, and bare soil 
 in woods. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 OMPHALIA 429 
 
 1387. 0. umbellifera (Linn.) Fr. (= Omphalia pseudoandrosacea Bull, 
 sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 69. Umbellifera, umbel-bearing. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., grey, bistre, straw colour, whitish or ochraceous, becoming 
 whitish, slightly fieshy-membranaceous, convex, then plane, broadly 
 obconic, faintly umbilicate, rayed with darker striae; when dry silky, 
 flocculose, rarely squamulose; margin infiexed at first, crenate. St. 
 2-5-3 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, dilated towards the apex into thepileus, 
 sometimes pubescent, base white villose. Gills white, then cream, or 
 yellowish, decurrent, very broad behind, triangular, very distant, some- 
 times dichotomous, connected by veins. Flesh pallid, thick at the 
 disc. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5/i, 2-3-guttulate. Boggy 
 ground in woods and on mountains, also on rotten wood. April 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. nivea Fl. Dan. Fl. Dan. t. 1015, fig. A. Nivea, snow white. 
 Differs from the type in being entirely snow white. In bogs. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. citrina Quel. Citrina, citron yellow. 
 
 Differs from the type in being glabrous, citron yellow, and pellucid. 
 
 var. viridis Fl. Dan. Fl. Dan. t. 1672, fig. 1. Viridis, green. 
 
 Differs from the type in being pubescent, and bluish, then greenish. 
 Boggy ground, in woods and on hills. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. chrysoleuca (Pers.) Fr. (= var. abiegna B. & Br.) 
 
 %puo-o5, gold; \eu/eo9, white. 
 
 Differs from the type in being bright yellow then whitish. Growing 
 on fir stumps. 
 
 var. pallida Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 260, t. 271, top figs. Pallida, pallid. 
 Differs from the type in being entirely pale grey. Bogs in woods. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. flava Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 260, t. 271, lowest figs. Flava, yellow. 
 Differs from the type in the golden yellow p. and st. On mountains. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. pyrifonnis (Pers.) Fr. Pyriformis, pear-shaped. 
 
 Differs from the type in being entirely dark umber. Rotten beech 
 trunks and shady places. 
 
 1388. 0. myochroa (Fr.) Rea. nfc, mouse; %/3o>9, colour. 
 P. 5-15 mm., reddish brown, or rufescent, becoming whitish with age, 
 
 somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, umbilicate, striate to the middle, 
 margin crenulate. St. 1-2 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, apex rufescent; 
 base white, strigose. Gills yellowish, narrow, furcate at the margin,
 
 430 OMPHALIA 
 
 arcuato-decurrent, distant. Flesh of pileus rufescent, yellowish in the 
 stem. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 p, 1-2-guttulate. 
 On rotten beech stumps. April Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1389. 0. velutina Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 3. 
 
 Velwtina, velvety. 
 
 P. 10-12 mm., greyish, or yellowish grey, convex, umbilicate, striate. 
 St. 10-15 x 1-2 mm., concolorous, finely tomentose; base covered with 
 the white mycelium, often subbulbose. Gills yellowish grey, narrow, 
 1-2 mm., arcuate, distant. Flesh dark grey. Spores white, ovoid 
 pruniform, 10 x 6/x, 1-2-guttulate. Parks, heaths, and woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1390. 0. infumata B. & Br. Infumata, smoked. 
 P. 4 mm., greenish, then smoky, obtuse. St. 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., 
 
 yellow, base dilated, tomentose especially below. Gills yellow, decurrent, 
 few, broad, distant. On bark amongst moss. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1391. 0. retosta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 76, fig. 2. Retosta, scorched. 
 Entirely umber. P. 1-3 cm., slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, 
 
 polished when dry, smooth; margin convex, involute. St. 2-3 cm. x 
 2-4 mm., paler, tough, equal. Gills pallid umber, slightly decurrent, 
 distant, attenuated at both ends and resembling a segment of a circle. 
 Flesh concolorous. Spores white, globose, "5-6/t/" Sacc. Amongst 
 dead leaves, and on lawns. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1392. 0. buccinalis (Sow.) Cke. Sow. Brit. Fung. t. 107. 
 
 Buccinalis, trumpet-like. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 5-10 mm., trumpet-shaped, plane, or depressed. 
 St. 5-15 x 1-2 mm., expanding into the pileus. Gills deeply de- 
 current, triquetrous, distant. Spores white. On twigs, etc. Common. 
 
 1393. 0. abhorrens B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 261, t. 272, fig. C. 
 
 Abhorrens, disgusting. 
 
 P. 1-1-5 emu, fuscous, then pale, umbilicate. St. 2 cm. x 1-2 mm., 
 concolorous, apex thickened, sometimes pruinose when young, base 
 white-tomentose. Gills pale, decurrent, distant, thick, narrow. Spores 
 white. Smell very foetid, stercoraceous. Caespitose. On lawns under 
 yews. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1394. 0. pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) Fr. (= Omphalia umbellifera 
 (Linn.) Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 ^et/8^5, false; androsacea, Androsaceus androsaceus. 
 
 Entirely whitish, or grey. P. 8-15 mm., fleshy- membranaceous, 
 
 convex, deeply umbilicate, at length infundibuliform, smooth, striato- 
 
 plicate ; margin crenulate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm. Gills deeply de-
 
 OMPHALIA 431 
 
 current, segment-like, distant. Spores white, elliptical, "6-7 x 3-4 p,, 
 or 8-10 x 4-5 /x" Sacc. Amongst moss on lawns, and in short pas- 
 tures. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1395. 0. griseo-pallida (Desm.) Fr. (= Omphalia griseola (Pers.) 
 Quel.) Griseo, grey; pallida, pallid. 
 
 P. 5-10 mm., fuscous-grey, then becoming hoary, slightly fleshy, con- 
 vex, then plane, umbilicate, smooth, slightly shining; margin deflexed. 
 St. 8-12 x 2 mm., fuscous, firm, equal, or thickened upwards, smooth. 
 Gills concolorous when moist, darker when dry, decurrent, broader be- 
 hind, distant, rather thick. Flesh fuscous, thin at the margin. Spores 
 white, pip-shaped, or elliptical with an oblique basal apiculus, 
 9-11 x 6-7 fj,, 1-guttulate. On the ground, rubbish heaps, and mossy 
 wall tops. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1396. 0. albidopallens Karst. 
 
 Albido, whitish; pallens, becoming pallid. 
 
 P. 1 cm., hyaline white, or pallid, convex, orbicular, slightly um- 
 bilicate, pellucidly striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid. Gills 
 pallid, adnate, decurrent, crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 
 3ju,. Amongst moss. Aug. Sept. Rare. 
 0. bibula Quel. = Hygrophorus Wynniae B. & Br. 
 
 1397. 0. stellata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 262, t. 241, bottom figs. 
 
 Stellata, set with stars. 
 
 Entirely white and diaphanous. P. 6-10 mm., membranaceous, 
 convex, umbilicate, striate, smooth. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., filiform, 
 equal, fragile, the dilated base strigoso-radiate. Gills decurrent, distant, 
 broad, thin. Spores white, "subglobose, irregular, 4-6 /z, or 6-8 x 
 3-5 p" Sacc. On twigs, dead wood, and herbaceous stems. Feb. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 II. P. at the first campanulate, margin straight, pressed to the stem. 
 A. Gills broad, perfect, unequal. 
 
 1398. 0. campanella (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 263, t. 273, top figs. 
 
 Campanella, a little bell. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., yellow-ferruginous, hygrophanous, membranaceotfs, 
 tough, campanulate, then soon convex, umbilicate, striate. St. 2-5- 
 3 cm. x 2 mm., date brown, horny, rigid, polished, attenuated, rooted^ 
 apex paler; base tawny, strigose. Gills yellow, deeply decurrent, some- 
 what crowded, prominently connected by veins. Spores white, elliptical, 
 "8-9 x 3-4 IJL" Maire. Caespitose. On stumps of firs. Aug. Sept. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. badipus Fr. Badius, bay; TTOU?, foot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the thickened base of the st. being clothed 
 with ferruginous down.
 
 432 OMPHALIA 
 
 var. papillata Fr. Papillata, having a nipple. 
 
 Differs from the type in the acutely conical p., and papillate um- 
 bilicus. 
 
 var. myriadea Kalchbr. fivpcdf, ten thousand. 
 
 Differs from the type in being half the size, densely caespitose, and 
 pale tawny in colour with gills pale brick-red with a fleshy tinge. 
 
 1399. 0. Kewensis Massee. Kewensis, belonging to Kew. 
 P. 3-5 mm. high, ochraceous, becoming whitish, somewhat fleshy, 
 
 cylindrically-campanulate, very smooth, deeply sulcate; margin crenate. 
 St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., pale, round, more or less flexuose. Gills pale, 
 subdecurrent, distant, membranaceous, edge entire. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 7 x 5/x. Basidia subclavate, 28-32 x 6-7 /x. Gregarious on 
 dead rhizomes in Filmy Fern House. Rare. 
 
 1400. 0. picta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 77, fig. 4. Picta, painted. 
 P. 4-8 mm.., fuscous, the umbilicate disc generally light yellow, deeply 
 
 campanulate, 5-9 mm. high, striate, membranaceous; margin paler. 
 St. 5-8 cm. x 12 mm., date brown, horny, rigid, smooth ; apex 
 thickened, paler; inserted at the base and arising from a little, fuscous 
 tawny, radiating membrane. Gills whitish, turning light yellow, adnate, 
 subdecurrent, very broad (much broader than long), distant. Spores 
 white, elliptical, "7-10 x 4/j, minutely echinulate" Sacc. On twigs, 
 and rotten wood in mixed woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1401. 0. camptophylla Berk. (= Omphalia speirea (Fr.) Quel.; 
 Mycena speirea Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 264, t. 210, upper 
 figs. Ara/i7TT09, bent; <$>v\\ov, a leaf. 
 
 P. 12 mm., brown, with a grey margin, convexo-plane, deeply striate, 
 smooth. St. 5-6 cm. x 1-2 mm., at first yellow, then pale above, 
 rufescent below, subflexuose, somewhat rigid, minutely pubescent, base 
 radiato-strigose. Gills white, at first adnate, nearly plane, then 
 ascending and suddenly decurrent, subdistant. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, 8-10 x 6-8 /a. On twigs, and sticks. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1402. 0. umbratilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 77, fig. 3, as Omphalia umbratilis 
 Fr. var. minor. Umbratilis, remaining in the shade. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., black-fuscous, or umber-fuscous, hoary when dry, sub- 
 membranaceous, obtusely campanulate, then convex and umbilicate, 
 smooth; margin substriate. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2mm., fuscous-black, 
 becoming greyish, tough, smooth. Gills becoming fuscous-white, adnato- 
 decurrent, crowded, arcuate, broad, acute at both ends. Flesh con- 
 colorous. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/u,, 1-guttulate. In pas- 
 tures, and roadsides. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 OMPHALIA 433 
 
 1403. 0. grisea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 1. Grisea, grey. 
 P. 1-2 cm., livid grey, then hoary, submembranaceous, campanu- 
 
 late, then convex, subpapillate and at length slightly umbilicate, 
 smooth, striate. St. 5-7 cm. x 2 mm., whitish-cinereous, slightly firm, 
 smooth, shining, longitudinally brittle, apex slightly thickened, base 
 white-floccose. Gills whitish-grey, shortly decurrent, distant, broad, 
 rather thick. Spores white, elliptical, 6-9 x 4/t, 1-guttulate. Woods, 
 and hedgerows. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1404. 0. fibula (Bull.) Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 4, fig. 3. 
 
 Fibula, a pin. 
 
 P. 4-20 mm., generally orange-yellow, becoming pale when dry, 
 membranaceous, campanulate, then umbilicate, and finally infun- 
 dibuliform, smooth, striate when moist. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., con- 
 colorous, bristle-like, weak, often pubescent under a lens. Gills whitish, 
 or yellowish, deeply decurrent, broad, distant. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, 3-4 x 2jLt. Cystidia "on edge of gill sparse, subulate" Rick. 
 Woods, pastures, heaths, and charcoal heaps. Jan. Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. nivalis Fl. Dan. (= var. Candida Sacc.) Fl. Dan. t. 1072, fig. 2. 
 
 Nivalis, snowy. 
 
 Differs from the type in the whitish, or yellowish p. and white, or 
 tinged with orange yellow st. Amongst moss, and on charcoal heaps. 
 July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Swartzii Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 75, fig. 4, as Omphalia setipes var. Fr. 
 
 0. Swartz. 
 
 Differs from the type in the firmer, at length plane p. with umbilicate, 
 fuscous disc, and in the whitish st. externally and internally violaceous 
 at the apex. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5-3 /x. Cystidia fusiform, 
 apex subcapitate, 8-9/z in diam., base ventricose, 50-55 x 12-14/a. 
 Amongst moss, short grass, and on charcoal heaps. Aug. Dec. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1405. 0. directa B. & Br. Directa, straight. 
 White, very slender. P. 1-3 mm., nail-shaped, apex plane. St. 
 
 2-5 cm. x 1 mm., slightly rufous, filiform, ascending, clothed with long* 
 hairs towards the base. Gills deeply decurrent. Spores white. On dead 
 leaves. May Nov. Rare. 
 
 1406. 0. pseudo-directa W. G. Sm. Cke. lUus. no. 266, t. 251, upper 
 figs., as Omphalia directa B. & Br. 
 
 ^61/8779, false ; directa, Omphalia directa. 
 
 P. 2 mm., white-pruinose. St. 12 mm. x 2//,, white, mealy-granular 
 below, springing from a white, fioccose, evanescent disc or volva. Gills 
 white, then saffron, few, adnate, pruinoso-sparkling. On Encephalartos 
 cone. May. Rare.
 
 434 OMPHALIA 
 
 1407. 0. Belliae Johnst. Cke. Illus. no. 266, t. 251, lower figs. 
 
 The Misses Bell, of Coldstream. 
 
 P. 12 mm., of a pale wood-brown hue, membranaceous, inverted, 
 deeply cyathiform; margin waved, furrowed. St. 4 cm. x 2 mm., white, 
 or very pale wood-brown above, dark brown towards the base, becoming 
 paler when dry, then apparently mealy, erect, stiff, elastic; root 
 slightly incrassated, bent, fixed by a dense cottony web. Gills dull 
 chalky white, decurrent, 2 mm. wide, rather distant, thick, more or 
 less undulated, wrinkled on the sides and in the interstices with 
 flexuose veins, once or twice divided near the edge. Spores white, 
 oblong. On dead stems of reed. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1408. 0. gracilis Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 2. 
 
 Gfracilis, thin. 
 
 Entirely snow-white. P. 3-8 mm., membranaceous, campanulate, 
 papillate, striate, transparent. St. 20-30 x 1 mm., filiform, trans- 
 parent, pruinose, base fibrillose. Gills 1 mm. wide, very decurrent, 
 distant, thin. Spores white, oblong, or pip-shaped, 8 x 3-3-5/x,, 1-2- 
 guttulate. On dead grass leaves, and twigs. Sept. Nov. Uncom- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 1409. 0. gracillima (Weinm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 267, t. 252, top figs. 
 
 Gracillima, very thin. 
 
 Entirely snow-white. P. 4-6 mm., membranaceous, hemispherical, 
 either minutely papillate, or umbilicate, fiocculose, striate; margin 
 sulcate. St. 6-12 x 1 mm., bristle-like, inserted by afioccose base. Gills 
 subdecurrent, broad, distant, thin, the alternate ones dimidiate. Spores 
 white, oblong-elliptical, 11-12 x 4-5 /z. On twigs, dead herbaceous 
 stems, and dead bramble stalks. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1410. 0. bullula (Brig.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 267, t. 252, middle figs. 
 
 Bullula, a watery vesicle. 
 
 Entirely shining white. P. 3-4 mm., membranaceous, hemispherical, 
 diaphanous. St. 2 cm. x 1 mm., filiform. Gills arcuato-decurrent, very 
 distant. Spores white. On twigs, and dead sticks. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 B. Gills fold-like, narrow. 
 
 1411. 0. integrella (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 75, fig. 6. 
 
 Integrella, entire. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 3-6 mm., membranaceous, conical, then hemi- 
 spherical, most frequently irregularly shaped, when flattened 12 mm. 
 broad, umbilicate, pruinose, diaphanous; margin sulcate. St. 1-5- 
 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pruinose, pellucid, slightly firm, with a small villose 
 bulb at the base. Gills decurrent, narrow, fold-like, distant, often 
 branched, commonly disappearing short of the margin of the pileus,
 
 OMPHALIA. ECCILIA 435 
 
 edge acute. Spores white, pip-shaped, 67 x 4 5/z, with a large 
 central gutta. On twigs, and amongst leaves in woods, and hedgerows. 
 May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1412. 0. polyadelpha (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 1088, t. 1137, fig. B, 
 
 as Marasmius polyadelphus Lasch. 
 
 7roXua8eX<o<?, with many brothers. 
 
 Entirely snow-white. P. 2-3 mm., very tender, hemispherical, um- 
 bilicate, sulcate, pruinose, tomentose under a lens. St. 10-15 x 1 mm., 
 filiform, curved, flaccid, pruinose, thickened and floccose at the base. 
 Gills decurrent, very narrow, wrinkle-like, distant. Spores white, 
 "fusiform-lanceolate, 79 x 3-4^i" Rick. Fasciculate, and in troops. 
 On dead oak, and beech leaves. Oct. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1413. 0. Nevillae Berk. Lady Dorothy Neville. 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., brown, hemispherical, disc depressed, rugose, minutely 
 
 granulated, striate, margin becoming pale. St. 23 cm. x 1 mm., 
 brownish, rough with black granules, base rather dilated and clothed 
 with villose hairs. Gills white, arcuato-decurrent, interstices and sides 
 venoso-rugose. Flesh of stem white. Spores white. On Sphagnum, in 
 an orchid pot. 
 
 Spores pink. 
 
 EccUia Fr. 
 
 (eyoiXo5, hollowed out.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, umbilicate; margin incurved. 
 Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills decurrent. Spores pink, angular, 
 continuous. Cystidia rarely present. Growing on the ground, rarely 
 on wood. 
 
 1414. E. parkensis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 100, fig. 5. 
 
 Parkensis, belonging to a park. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., fuscous when moist, blackish when dry, membranaceous, 
 plano-convex, deeply umbilicate, slightly striate to the middle. St. 
 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., fuscous, attenuated downwards. Gills whitish, 
 then becoming dingy, flesh colour, decurrent, crowded, linear, 1-2 mm. 
 wide. Spores pink, subspheroid-angled, irregular, 6-9/z, 1-guttulate, 
 Grassy places, pastures, and roadsides. July Aug. Uncommon. 
 
 1415. E. carneogrisea B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 368, t. 380, lower figs. 
 
 Carneus, fleshy; grisea, grey. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., grey-flesh-colour, umbilicate, striate, delicately dotted ; 
 margin slightly glittering with dark particles. St. 4 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 concolorous, shining, base white-tomentose. Gills rosy, adnato-de- 
 current, somewhat undulated, the irregular margin darker, distant. 
 Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 8-9 x 6ju,, 1-2-guttulate. Amongst fir 
 leaves, and grass. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 282
 
 436 ECCILIA 
 
 1416. E. griseorubella (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 100, fig. 4. 
 
 Griseus, grey; rubella, reddish. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., umber, or fuscous when moist, grey when dry, hygro- 
 phanous, membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, at first convex at the 
 circumference, then plane, striate. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., con- 
 colorous, or a little paler, equal. Gills grey, then flesh colour, slightly 
 decurrent, subdistant. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, or subglobose, 
 7-9 x 7jLt, 1-guttulate. Woods, and amongst pine leaves. Sept. Oct. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 E. Smithii (Massee) W. G. Sm. - Clitopilus Smithii Massee. 
 
 1417. E. atrides (Lasch) Fr. Ater, black. 
 P. 15-25 mm., black, fuscous, becoming pale, black-streaked, sub- 
 
 membranaceous, plane, deeply umbilicate, striate. St. 3 cm. x 3mm., 
 pallid, black dotted upwards, base white-cottony. Gills pallid, deeply 
 and truly decurrent, attenuated behind, somewhat crowded, the black 
 edge slightly toothed. Spores pink, " tuberculate-angular, elongated, 
 11-13 x 6-7 /u, (incl. apiculus), bright flesh colour in mass" Kauffm. 
 Woods, and sandy heath. Sept.-Oct. Rare. 
 E. atropuncta (Pers.) Fr. = Oniphalia atropuncta (Pers.) Quel. 
 
 1418. E. nigrella (Pers.) Gillet. Nigrella, blackish. 
 P. 10-15 mm., reddish black, blackish with a tinge of lilac, becoming 
 
 blackish, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, deeply umbilicate, 
 slightly striate, covered with an adnate, fibrillose silk, or whitish 
 striate with blackish; margin incurved, violet, finally scaly. St. 2- 
 3 cm. x 2 mm., pale, grey horn colour, or pale lilac grey, punctate with 
 black above, base white-cottony. Gills lilac or flesh colour, decurrent, 
 fairly thick, edge toothed black, or blackish. Spores pink. Pastures. 
 Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1419. E. rhodocylix (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 100, fig. 6, as Eccilia 
 rhodocalix Lasch. poSov, rose; KV\I^, cup. 
 
 P. 12-15 mm., somewhat fuscous when moist, grey when dry, hygro- 
 phanous, membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, or rather infundibuli- 
 form with the margin reflexed, remotely striate when moist, flocculose 
 when dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., cinereous, tough, thickened up- 
 wards. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, deeply decurrent, very distant, 
 broad, few, the alternate ones shorter. Spores pink, "subspheric, 
 pentagonal, 8-10/i. Cystidia coarsely hair-shaped" Lange. On rotten 
 wood, alder stumps, and wall tops. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1420. E. flosculus W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 369, t. 613, fig. B. 
 
 Flosculus, a little flower. 
 
 P. 1-5-2 cm., black-brown, becoming white with age, submembrana- 
 ceous, deeply umbilicate, somewhat irregular, pruinoso-crystalline.
 
 ECCILIA. TUBARIA 437 
 
 St. 2 cm. x 1 mm., reddish,, cartilaginous, attenuated downwards, 
 pruinose, or innato-fibrillose. Gills pink, decurrent, somewhat waved, 
 thick. Trama dark brown. Spores pink, nodulose. On the ground, 
 at the foot of and upon the stems of tree ferns in conservatories. 
 June. Rare. 
 
 1421. E. acus W. G. Sm. Cke. IUus. no. 369, t. 613, fig. C. 
 
 Acus, a needle. 
 
 P. 5-15 mm., snow-white, submembranaceous, deeply umbilicate, 
 densely pruinose; margin incurved, striate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1mm., 
 white, cartilaginous. Gills pink, deeply decurrent, thick, distant. 
 Spores pink, nodulose. Amongst germinating coffee-seeds in coconut 
 fibre in conservatories. Aug. Rare. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. 
 
 Tubaria W. G. Sm. 
 
 (Tuba, a trumpet.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous; margin incurved. Stem 
 central, cartilaginous. Gills decurrent, or broadly adnate. Spores 
 ochraceous, ferruginous, or rarely fuscous; elliptical, pip-shaped, or 
 almond-shaped; smooth, continuous. Cystidia present. Growing on 
 the ground, or on wood. 
 
 1422. T. cupularis (Bull.) Fr. (= Lactarius cupularis (Bull.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 526, t. 602, as var. Cupularis, cup-shaped. 
 
 P. 12 cm., rufescent, tawny, or reddish yellow, becoming light yellow- 
 ish, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, disc sometimes de- 
 pressed, smooth. St. 36 cm. x 3-4 mm., tawny, or reddish tawny, 
 rarely whitish, attenuated upwards, naked. Gills tawny, or a little 
 deeper coloured than the p., decurrent, crowded, thin, edge often serru- 
 late. Spores "rusty, elliptical, 6 x 3//,"Massee. Mountainous heaths, 
 amongst grass, and under firs. Aug. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1423. T. furfuracea (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (= Naucoria pellucida (Bull.) 
 Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 129. Furfuracea, scurfy. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., pale cinnamon, or tawny, becoming pale, hoary tan when 
 dry, fleshy, convex and obtuse, then flattened and sometimes um- 
 bilicate, slightly and somewhat pellucidly striate when moist, even 
 and slightly silky when dry, covered round the margin with the hoary, 
 silky squamulose, fugacious veil, very hygrophanous. St. 2-5 cm. x 
 24 mm., concolorous, but deeper in colour as the pileus becomes pale, 
 equal, floccosely furfuraceous when young, base villose with the 
 effused white mycelium. Gills concolorous, or bright cinnamon, sub- 
 decurrent, broad near the st., more or less distant. Flesh concolorous,
 
 438 TUBARIA 
 
 becoming paler when dry, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 6-9 x 
 5-6/A, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia on edge of gill flask-shaped, or 
 cylindrical, apex obtuse, 4^8/j, in diam.. base ventricose, 40-60 x 15- 
 20/Lt. Taste mild. Edible. Gregarious. Woods, fields, heaths, hedge- 
 rows, and roadsides. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. heterosticha Fr. ere/oo?, different; crrt^o?, rank. 
 
 Differs from the type in the umbonate and depressed pileus, and the 
 somewhat naked st. Woods, and heaths. July Nov. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. trigonophylla (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 528, t. 483. 
 
 T/o/7<i>o<?, triangular; <jjv\\ov, a leaf. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, in becoming pale, and in 
 the very broad, triangular, more distant, somewhat tawny ochraceous gills. 
 Waysides, charcoal heaps, and old brick pits. July Nov. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1424. T. anthracophila Karst. avdpa%, charcoal; $1X09, loving. 
 P. 14 cm., yellowish or ferruginous cinnamon, becoming paler when 
 
 dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, often irregular, and repand, 
 flexuose, dry; margin pellucidly striate when moist, covered with 
 concentric, white, fugacious squamules. St. 2-4 cm. x 3-5 jam., ferru- 
 ginous, becoming paler, equal, or enlarged upwards, flexuose, curved, 
 sometimes twisted, at length often compressed, white fibrillose, apex 
 somewhat naked and striate, base white villose. Gills pallid, then 
 concolorous, adnate, broadest behind or at the middle, somewhat 
 crowded, edge unequal, often dentate and floccosely crenate. Flesh 
 concolorous, becoming paler when dry, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, 
 broadly elliptical, or pip-shaped, 6-8 x 4-5 /i, with a large central 
 gutta. Charcoal heaps, footpaths, and burnt places. Aug. Oct. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1425. T. paludosa Fr. (= Gakra paludosa (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 1. 129, 
 fig. 3. Paludosa, marshy. 
 
 P. 5-15 mm., pale yellowish fuscous, or honey colour, submembrana- 
 ceous, conical, then convex, umbonate with a very prominent papilla, 
 everywhere silky with superficial, fugacious, pallid flocci. St. 4-8 cm. x 
 1-2 mm., ochraceous, attenuated at the apex, flexuose, paler, white 
 villose below, flocculose above with the remains of the veil, which often 
 forms a ring-like zone. Gills watery ochraceous, decurrent, very broad 
 behind, triangular and with a decurrent tooth, thin, crowded. Flesh 
 concolorous, very thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, ellip- 
 tical, or almond-shaped, 9-10 x 4-5 fi. Cystidia "on edge of gill 
 filiform-subulate" Rick. Sphagnum swamps, and boggy ground. 
 May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 TTJBARIA 439 
 
 1426. T. stagnina Fr. (= Golem stagnina (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 1. 129, 
 fig. 2. Stagnina, belonging to swamps. 
 
 P. 620 mm., bay -brown-ferruginous, or brown, somewhat ochraceous 
 when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then hemispherical, obtuse, 
 sometimes rather depressed at the centre, somewhat viscid, slightly 
 striate when moist; margin elegantly clothed and appendiculate with 
 fioccose, superficial, fugacious, concentric, white scales. St. 9-17-5 cm. 
 x 2-3 mm., rubiginous, then date brown, slightly tough, equal, apex 
 somewhat pruinose; base attenuated, white villose. ("Veil forming 
 a membranaceous, fugacious, white ring" Quel.) Gills ferruginous, 
 decurrent, very broad, triangular. Flesh concolorous, very thin at the 
 margin. Spores dingy ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-15x5-6 fi. 
 Bogs, and amongst Sphagnum in woods. July Sept. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1427. T. pellucida (Bull.) Fr. (= Naucoria pellucida (Bull.) Quel. ; 
 Tubaria furfuracea (Pers.) W. G. Sm. sec. Quel.; Naucoria 
 conspersa (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rick.) Pellucida, transparent. 
 
 P. 12 cm., cinnamon, submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, 
 umbonate, hygrophanous ; margin striate, silky and squamulose. St. 
 34 cm. x 2 mm., pale, attenuated upwards, shining apex pruinose. 
 Gills paler, subdecurrent, broadest behind, triangular. Spores pale 
 ochraceous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 p. Cystidia on edge of gill cylindrical, 
 flexuose, often capitate, apex 6-9/z in diam., base ventricose, 30-50 
 X 6-8/x. Roadsides, amongst leaves, especially beech. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1428. T. muscorum (HofEm.) Fr. (= Galera muscorum (Hofim.) Quel.; 
 Tubaria pellucida (Bull.) Fr. sec. Rick.) Muscus, moss. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., tawny brown, then honey yellow, or wax colour, mem- 
 branaceous, campanulate, then convex, hygrophanous, striate. St. 
 5cm. x r5mm., cream colour, then ochraceous, base tawny brown, soft, 
 fibrillosely silky. Gills yellow, then rust colour, uncinato-adnate, broad, 
 ventricose, thick, distant. Spores " ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 /x" Quel.; 
 "6-8 x 4ju," Sacc. Amongst mosses in damp places, and on trunks 
 of trees. July Sept. Rare. 
 
 1429. T. embola Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 531, t. 514, fig. A. 
 
 6yL6/3oXo<?, a wedge. 
 
 Entirely pale yellowish tawny when mature. P. 12 mm., ochraceous 
 tan when dry, membranaceous, hygrophanous, campanulate, then 
 hemispherical, obtuse, smooth, lineato-striate. St. 5 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 shining yellow when dry, base becoming ferruginous, thickened upwards, 
 smooth, naked. Gills tawny cinnamon when dry, adnate, very broad 
 behind, triangular, thick, very distant. Spores cinnamon, elliptical,
 
 440 TUBARIA 
 
 "10 x 4-6 /A" Massee. On heathy ground, and marshy thickets. 
 June Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 1430. T. autochthona (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. (= Naucoria autochthona 
 (B. & Br.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 531, t. 514, fig. B. 
 
 awro?, self; ^6a)v, earth. 
 
 P. 6-12 mm., ochrey white, hemispherical, obtuse, then plane, silky; 
 margin striate, fiocculose. St. 1-5-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., white, equal, or 
 thickened upwards, flexuose, pruinose, villose above ; base thickened, 
 white woolly. Gills honey colour, then tawny, adnate with a tooth, 
 horizontal, edge often white. Flesh white, very thin. Spores ochraceous, 
 elliptical, or pip-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4/z, l-guttulate ; minutely punctate. 
 Naked soil, and open downs. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1431. T. crobulus Fr. (= Naucoria crobulus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 532, t. 496. 
 
 /cpct)(3v\os, a braid of hair gathered to a knot on the crown of 
 
 the head. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., yellowish tawny, becoming hoary tan, fleshy, convex, then 
 flattened, obtuse, slightly viscid, covered with fioccose, somewhat 
 squarrose, separating, fugacious, white scales, then naked, shining. St. 
 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., fuscous, tough, equal, incurved, flexuose, densely 
 besprinkled with white fioccose scales, apex paler. Gills ochraceous, then 
 fuscous ferruginous, adnate, subdecurrent, 2 mm. broad, crowded, edge 
 unequal under a lens. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores brown, 
 elliptical, 6-8 x 4/z. Cystidia filiform, flexuose, often capitate, 
 apex 4-5 /u, in diam., 35-40 x 2-3/4. Chips, twigs, and on wood heaps. 
 Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1432. T. inquilina (Fr.) W. G. Sm. (= Naucoria inquilina (Fr.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 533, t. 497. Inquilina, a lodger. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., livid fuscous, somewhat brick colour, becoming hoary, or 
 tan colour when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, convex, then 
 plane, at length often umbonate, slightly viscid, smooth, striate wJien 
 moist, pellicle separable. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., date brown, tough, 
 attenuated downwards, flexuose, white fibrillose, or slightly silky, apex 
 at first flocculose, thickened, base white floccose. Gills clay fuscous, 
 then umber, broadly adnate, subdecurrent, broad behind, triangular, 
 2-3 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores 
 ferruginous, pip-shaped, 5-6 x 3/n. Cystidia "on edge of gill fusi- 
 form-filiform, 30-40 x 5-7 /u," Rick. On twigs, and sticks. Jan. 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. ecbola Fr. e'/c/3oA,os, thrown out. 
 
 Differs from the type in the clay coloured p., the rooting, equal st., 
 
 and the crowded, ferruginous gills. On grass roots. Sept. Oct. Un-
 
 PLEUROTUS 441 
 
 D . Pileus confluent with the excentric, or lateral stem, 
 dimidiate, sessile, or resupinate. 
 
 Spores white, gill edge entire. 
 
 Pleurotus FT. 
 (TrXevpov, side; ovs, ear.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, excentric, dimidiate, or re- 
 supinate. Stem excentric, lateral, or wanting; with or without a 
 ring. Gills sinuate, adnate, decurrent, or radiating from a central 
 point. Spores white, rarely pink, yellowish, lilac, or dingy; elliptical, 
 globose, subglobose, pip-shaped, oblong elliptical, cylindrical, or 
 reniform, smooth, granular, verrucose, or echinulate; continuous. 
 Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, more rarely on the 
 ground, or on dung. 
 
 I. P. entire, laterally extended, excentric, not 
 truly lateral. Lignicolous. 
 
 A. Veil forming a ring. 
 
 1433. P. corticatus Fr. (= Pkurotus dryinus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 Boud. Icon. t. 76. Corticatus, possessed of a bark. 
 
 P. 520 cm., whitish grey, sometimes becoming yellowish, covered with 
 dense grey down which separates into fioccose scales, very compact, 
 convex, then flattened, somewhat disc-shaped, horizontal, always 
 entire although excentric, rarely infundibulif orm ; margin involute, 
 often denticulate with the remains of the ring. St. 2-59 x 2-53 cm., 
 whitish, hard, rooted, more or less excentric, curved-ascending, squamu- 
 loso-fibrillose. Ring white, silky- floccose, moderately thick, ruptured 
 in a torn manner, adhering to the st. and the margin of the p., at 
 length vanishing. Gills white, becoming yellow when old, deeply de- 
 current, dichotomosely branched, anastomosing at the base, subdistant. 
 Flesh white, hard. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, often slightly 
 curved and apiculate at the base, 13-15 x 4-5/x, or 9-10 x 3-4/x, 
 often with a large central gutta. Smell and taste pleasant, rather 
 strong. Edible. Caespitose. On trunks of ash, elm, lime, and apple* 
 Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Albertinii (Fr.) Quel. (= Pleurotus corticatus Fr. var. tephro- 
 trichus Fr. sec. Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 80, as Pleurotus 
 corticatus Fr. var. tephrotrichus Fr. 
 
 J. Albertini, an early mycologist. 
 
 Differs from the type only in its smaller size, p. 7-10 cm., in the 
 densely villose p., soon covered with subfuscous squamules, the hairy 
 stem, and villose edge of the gills. Solitary. At the base of fir trunks, 
 and on oak piles. July Sept. Uncommon.
 
 442 PLEUROTUS 
 
 1434. P. dryinus (Pers.) Fr. (= Pkurotus dimidiatus (Schaefi.) Sacc.; 
 Pleurotus corticatus Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 269, t. 226. 
 
 Spv'ivos, oaken. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., whitish, variegated with spot-like scales, which become 
 fuscous, lateral, oblique, rather plane. St. 2-5-4 x 1-3 cm., white, 
 sublateral, somewhat woody, squamulose, with a short, blunt root. 
 Ring scarcely apparent on the St., but appendiculate round the margin 
 of the p. when young. Gills white, becoming yellow when old, not very 
 decurrent, simple, narrow. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores white, 
 oblong, cylindrical, 12-13 x 3-4/>i, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant, 
 like mushrooms. Edible. On oaks, ash, willow, and walnut. Sept. 
 Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1435. P. spongiosus Fr. Spongiosus, spongy. 
 P. 5-18 cm., at first whitish, tomentose with persisted, cinereous down, 
 
 then becoming brownish and fibrillose with age, excentric, somewhat 
 lateral, pulvinate; margin paler. St. 1-3 x 14 cm., white, becoming 
 greyish, very excentric, incurved, tomentose, base abrupt. Ring white, 
 soon torn, appendiculate at the margin of the p., fugacious. Gills 
 whitish, becoming beautifully yellow when old and dried, 3 mm. broad 
 on one side of the st., 20 mm. wide on the other, sinuato-adnexed, 
 crowded. Flesh spongy, greyish marbled in the p., tinged yellowish in 
 the st. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, rounded, or sometimes 
 pointed at one end, 12-14 x 4/z, 1-2-guttulate. On rotten beech, 
 and mossy trunks. Oct. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 B. Veil none; gills sinuate, or obtusely adnate. 
 
 1436. P. ulmarius (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 271, t. 227. 
 
 Ulmarius, belonging to elm. 
 
 P. 6-20 cm., ochraceous becoming pale-livid, often marbled with 
 round spots, convex, then plane, disc-shaped, compact, horizontal, 
 often cracked in a tesselated manner, smooth. St. 5-11 x 1-5-4 cm., 
 white, becoming tinged with yellow, firm, elastic, subexcentric, curved, 
 ascending, base somewhat fusiform, or thickened and tomentose, often 
 villose throughout. Gills pale ochraceous, or whitish emarginate, broad, 
 somewhat crowded. Flesh white, tough. Spores white, globose, 5-6/x. 
 Smell pleasant, or somewhat acid, taste pleasant. Edible. On trunks, 
 especially elm. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1437. P. tessulatus (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 513, fig. 1. 
 
 Tesselatus, checkered. 
 
 P. 510 cm., grey, becoming pale tawny, convex, then plane, and 
 in a form somewhat lateral, depressed behind, irregular, horizontal, 
 variegated with round and hexagonal spots. St. 2-3 x 1-5 cm., white, 
 compact, equal, or attenuated at the base, very excentric, curved- 
 ascending, smooth. Gills white, or becoming yellow, sinuate behind,
 
 PLETJROTUS 443 
 
 thin, crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, " obovate-globose, 
 5-5 x 4-5 /A" Sacc. Smell of new meal, taste pleasant. Edible. On 
 trunks. Oct. Nov. Hare. 
 
 P. decorus Fr. = Tricholoma decorum (Fr.) Quel. 
 
 1438. P. palmatus (Bull.) Fr. (= Pkurotus subpalmatus Fr. ; Pluteus 
 reticulatus Cke.; Entoloma Cookei Rich.) Cke. Illus. no. 273, 
 t. 255, as Pleurotus subpalmatus Fr. 
 
 Palmatus, having the shape of a hand. 
 
 Entirely more or less rufescent. P. 5-12 cm., of a beautiful orange- 
 buff or nankeen colour, convex, then flattened, obtuse, imbricated and 
 glued together, horizontal, more or less excentric, pruinose; margin 
 involute, reticulato-corrugated. Cuticle gelatinous, thick, tough, diapha- 
 nous, distilling limpid rufescent drops with an astringent taste. St. 
 3-7 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, becoming rufescent, fibrilloso-striate, prui- 
 nose, equal, curved-ascending. Gills paler than the pileus, joined in 
 a collar behind, sinuate, connected by veins, broad, crowded. Flesh 
 white, then tinged with red. Spores pink, or pale yellowish, globose, 
 4-6 /z, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste bitter and acrid. 
 Caespitose. On elm trunks, old posts and beams. Sept. Jan. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1439. P. craspedius Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 86, fig. 2. 
 
 Kpd<nre8ov, the margin of a thing. 
 
 P. 7-13 cm., brick colour, becoming pale tan, sometimes cinereous, 
 more or less excentric, sometimes sublateral, but marginate behind, 
 thin, at length almost membranaceous towards the margin, flaccid, 
 plane, depressed behind when very excentric, smooth, somewhat 
 moist; margin at first involute, then evolute, elegantly crenato-lobed, 
 fimbriate. St. 2-5-7-5 x 1-2-5 cm., pallid, firm, elastic, very unequal, 
 either thickened at the base, or equal, sometimes villose at the base. 
 Gills shining white, wholly adnate, very thin, crowded, narrow, at 
 length lacerated. Flesh watery, white when dry. Spores white, 
 "5 x 4-5 /x" Sacc. Smell "strong, of cucumber" W. G. Sm. Caespitose. 
 On rotten wood, and trunks, especially old poplars. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1440. P. fimbriatus (Bolt.) Fr. (= Clitocybe fimbriata (Bolt.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Ulus. no. 275, t. 178, fig. 1. Fimbriatus, fringed. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., whitish, hyaline, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convexo- 
 plane, then infundibuliform, more or less excentric, occasionally 
 lateral, pruinose; margin sinuato-lobed, incised. St. 1-4 cm. x 4- 
 10 mm., concolorous, tough, round, or compressed, base pubescent. 
 Gills white, wholly adnate, very narrow, very thin, very crowded. Flesh 
 thin, tough, watery-pallid. Spores white, "oval, 3-5-5 x 2-5-3 JM, 
 minutely rough" Sacc. Smell of new meal. Edible. On dead trunks, 
 especially beech. Aug. Jan. Rare.
 
 444 PLEUBOTUS 
 
 1441. P. Ruthae B. <fe Br. Cke. Illus. no. 275, t. 178, fig. 2. 
 
 Miss Ruth Berkeley. 
 
 P. 4 cm., whitish, or yellowish buff , fan- shaped, slightly hispid above 
 the gelatinous stratum; margin very thin, striate. St. 1-3 cm. x 5- 
 6 mm., reddish, lateral, hispid, arising from a fibrous mycelium. Gills 
 white with a reddish tinge, rather broad, acute behind, anastomosing, 
 interstices veined. On sawdust. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1442. P. lignatilis Fr. (= Clitocybe lignatilis (Pers.) Quel.) Saund. & 
 Sm. Myc. Illus. t. 6, figs. 4-6. Lignatilis, woody. 
 
 Dingy whitish. P. 3-10 cm., rarely central, generally more or less 
 excentric, occasionally wholly lateral, often reniform, thin but com- 
 pact, tough, convex, then plane, obtuse, often umbilicate, flocculoso- 
 pruinose\ margin involute, then expanded and undulato-lobed. St. 
 5-7-5 x 1-3 cm., 6-8 x 3-4 mm., sometimes absent, unequal, curved, 
 or flexuose, tough, pruinosely villose; base rooting, somewhat tomen- 
 tose. Gills shining white, often with a tinge of yellow, adnate, very 
 crowded, narrow, divergent in the lobes, undulate. Flesh white, firm. 
 Spores white, subglobose, 4 x 3/n. Smell strong of new meal. On 
 trunks especially beech, and on rotten wood. Sept. Oct. Uncom- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. tephrocephala Fr. refypos, ash-coloured; Ke<f>a\rf, head. 
 
 Differs from the type in the more compact p., the black disc becoming 
 cinereous, and the white margin. 
 
 1443. P. circinatus Fr. (= Clitocybe circinata (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon, 
 t. 88, fig. 1. Circinatus, rounded. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 6-9 cm., orbicular, horizontal, tough, convex, 
 then plano-disc-shaped, obtuse, covered with a shining, whitish, slightly 
 silky lustre. St. 3-8 cm. x 6-10 mm., elastic, central, or slightly ex- 
 centric, generally straight, sometimes curved, bluntly or attenuato- 
 rooted at the base. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent, crowded, broad. 
 Flesh white, firm. Spores white, globose, 3-4/4. Smell pleasant. On 
 beech, and brick stumps. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 C. Veil none; gills deeply decurrent; stem distinct, 
 somewhat vertical. 
 
 1444. P. sapidus Schulz. (= Pleurotus cornucopiae (Paul.) Quel.) 
 Kalchbr. Icon. t. 8, fig. 1. Sapidus, pleasant. 
 
 P. 512 cm., white, or light yellow, becoming fuscous, or umber, ex- 
 centric, lateral, subsessile, deformed, convex, disc depressed. St. 
 2-5-5 cm. x 6-16 mm., white, or pallid yellow, incrassated upwards and 
 dilated in the pileus, often branched, curved, ascending, arising from 
 a fleshy, bulbous, white base. Gills pallid, decurrent, rather distant,
 
 PLEUROTUS 445 
 
 broad. Flesh white. Spores white, oblong ovate, 7-8 x 4/i or 10- 
 12 x 4-5 p, lilac colour in the mass. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. 
 On elm trunks. June Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1445. P. pantoleucus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 88, fig. 2. 
 
 7ra<?, all; Xev/co?, white. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 4-8 cm., excentric, dimidiate, spathulate, slightly 
 convex, subdepressed and marginate behind. St. 2-3 x 1-1-5 cm., 
 ascending, very excentric, equal, or attenuated downwards. Flesh 
 white, compact. Gills decurrent, somewhat crowded, broad. On trunks, 
 willow. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1446. P. mutilus Fr. (= Omphalia mutila (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 88, 
 fig. 4. Mutilus, maimed. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 1-3 cm., very excentric, or wholly lateral, soft, 
 tough, reniform, spathulate, and depressed behind, subumbilicate, 
 otherwise ascending, silky when dry. St. 6-8 x 2-4 mm. erect, or 
 ascending, excentric, or somewhat lateral, round, tough, base villose. 
 Gills decurrent, somewhat crowded, narrow, thick. Flesh white, thin. 
 Spores white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Pastures, and hill- 
 sides. July Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 D. Veil none; gills deeply decurrent; p. lateral, sessile, or extended 
 behind into a short, oblique stem-like base. 
 
 1447. P. ostreatus (Jacq.) Fr. Ostreatus, rough. 
 P. 7-13 cm., when young almost black, soon becoming pale, fuscous- 
 cinereous, passing into yellow when old, soft, conchate, somewhat dimi- 
 diate, ascending, moist, cuticle sometimes torn into squamules. St. 
 2-4 x 2 cm., often wanting, white, firm, elastic, ascending obliquely, 
 dilated upwards into the pileus, base strigosely villose. Gills white, be- 
 coming yellowish, margin sometimes umber, decurrent, anastomosing 
 at the base, subdistant, broad. Flesh white. Spores lilac in the mass, 
 elliptical, 9-11 x 4-5-6 /A, 1-many-guttulate. Taste and smell plea- 
 sant. Edible. On stumps, trunks, and logs. Jan. Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 (Bull.) Fr. Glandulosus, having glands. 
 
 Differs from the type in the glandular gills. On stumps. July 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. euosmus (Berk.) Cke. (= Pleurotus columbinus Quel.) Hussey, 
 111. Brit. Myc. i, t. 75. 61/007109, sweet smelling. 
 
 Differs from the type in its strong smell like that of tarragon. Poison- 
 ous. On elm stumps. April Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 446 PLEUROTUS 
 
 var. columbinus (Quel.) Cke. (= Pleurotus columbinus Quel.) Bres. 
 Fung. Trid. t. 6, as Pleurotus columbinus Bres. 
 
 Columbinus, pertaining to a pigeon. 
 
 Differs from the type in the dark bluish grey pileus, and glaucous 
 gills. Edible. On stumps. Feb. Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1448. P. revolutus Kickx. Revolutus, rolled back. 
 P. 9-15 cm., at first smoky, then lead and mouse colours, disc darker, 
 
 firm, elastic, convexo-plane, depressed behind, shining; margin in- 
 curved. St. 2-5 x 2-3 cm., whitish, sometimes pubescent. Gills white, 
 decurrent, serrulated. On old trunks, poplar, beech. Sept. Oct. 
 Rare. 
 
 var. anglicus Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 281, 1. 180, as Pleurotus revolutus 
 
 Kickx. Anglicus, English. 
 
 Differs from the type in the margin of the pileus being only very 
 
 slightly, or not at all incurved, and in its pallid ochraceous gills. On 
 
 trunks. Rare. 
 
 1449. P. salignus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 282, t. 228. 
 
 Salignus, belonging to willow. 
 
 P. 58 cm., fuliginous-cinereous, or ochraceous, compact, spongy, 
 subdimidiate, horizontal, at first pulvinate, at length depressed behind, 
 here and there strigose. St. 1-1-5 x 3-4 cm., tan, firm, more or less 
 tomentose. Gills dingy-fuliginous, horizontal, branched in the middle, 
 crowded, edge often eroded. Spores dingy, "oblong cylindrical, often 
 curved, 8-14 x 3-4-5/x, 1-guttulate" Karst. On willow, and alder 
 trunks. Sept. Jan. Uncommon. 
 
 1450. P. acerinus Fr. Acerinus, belonging to maple. 
 Entirely shining white, tough. P. 2-5-10 cm., thin, unequal, silky- 
 
 villose. St. 1x1 cm., often obsolete, somewhat lateral, whitish, 
 villose. Gills white, becoming yellow, decurrent, crowded, thin. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 6 x 3p, or 6-7 x 4-5/u,, 1-2-guttulate. On trunks, 
 and logs of maple, ash, and hornbeam. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 II. Pileus definitely lateral, immarginate behind, not 
 resupinate at first. 
 
 1451. P. petaloides (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 226. 
 
 7TTa\,ov, a leaf; etSo?, like. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., fuscous, becoming pale, dimidiate, somewhat spathulate, 
 continuous with the stem', margin at first involute, then expanded. 
 St. 1-5-2-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm., sometimes very short, whitish, firm, com- 
 pressed, channelled when larger, villose. Gills white, or yellowish, then 
 cinereous, decurrent, very crowded, very narrow, very unequal. Flesh
 
 PLEUROTTTS 447 
 
 of the pileus with a gelatinous layer under the cuticle. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 /A, granular. Cystidia fusiform, 50-60 x 12-15/n, 
 apex pointed, very thick walled. On stumps, and on the ground. 
 Aug. Jan. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1452. P. pulmonarius Fr. Pulmonarius, belonging to the lungs. 
 P. 4-8 cm., cinereous, then tan colour, continuous with the stem, 
 
 soft but tough, flaccid, obovate, or reniform; margin plane, or reflexo- 
 conchate. St. 1-5 cm. x 12 mm., or wanting, exactly lateral, hori- 
 zontal, or ascending, expanded into the pileus, round, villose. Gills 
 whitish, then livid, or cinereous, decurrent, but ending determinately, 
 moderately broad. Spores white, "8-10 x 2-3 p, or 10-12 x 3-4/u," 
 Sacc. On beech, and birch stumps. Sept. Rare. 
 
 var. juglandis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 87, fig. 2. Juglans, a walnut. 
 
 Sessile, smaller than the type, caespitose. P. greyish-brown, obovate, 
 attenuated into a very short stem-like base. Gills concolorous, or 
 paler. On walnut trunks. Rare. 
 
 1453. P. serotinus (Schrad.) Fr. Pat. tab. anal. t. 629. Serotinus, late. 
 P. 37 cm., yellow-green, fuliginous olive, then olive, thick, gibbous- 
 convex, then plane and ascending, reniform, or obovate, pellicle viscid 
 in wet weather; margin involute, then expanded and revolute. St. 
 1-2-5 x 1 cm., or wanting, lateral, yellow, dotted with fuliginous or 
 brownish squamules, forming a fuliginous zone near the gills. Gills 
 bright yellow, adnate, narrow, crowded, often branched. Flesh white, 
 with a gelatinous layer under the cuticle of the p. Spores white, sausage- 
 shaped, curved, 5-6 x 1-5-2/z, becoming 2-septate. Cystidia abun- 
 dant on gill edge, scattered elsewhere, with yellowish contents in 
 the upper part, cylindrical, or subfusiform, obtuse, or slightly clavate 
 at the apex, base ventricose, or attenuated; 40-53 x 8-10 x 5-8 /u, 
 at apex. On trunks and fallen logs. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Almeni (Fr.) Big. & Guill. FT. Icon. t. 87, fig. 3, as Agaricus 
 (Pleurotus) Almeni Fr. Professor A. Almen. 
 
 Differs from the type in its larger size, tawny fuscous p. and paler 
 st. and gills. Fallen logs. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1454. P. mitis (Pers.) Berk. Outl. t. 6, fig. 9. Mitis, mild. 
 Entirely white, or becoming rufescent. P. 1-2 cm., thin, continuous 
 
 with the st. in a straight line, horizontal, reniform. St. 6-12 x 6- 
 12 mm., definitely lateral, compressed and dilated upwards, sprinkled 
 with white, mealy squamules. Gills adnate, linear-lanceolate, very 
 crowded. Flesh white, with a gelatinous layer under the cuticle of the p. 
 Spores white, reniform, 4 x 2fi. On coniferous twigs and stumps. 
 Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 448 PLETJBOTUS 
 
 1455. P. rufipes Massee & W. G. Sm. Rufus, red; pes, foot. 
 P. 3-4 mm., white, disc salmon, membranaceous, dimidiate, or reni- 
 
 form, convex, very glutinous when moist; margin incurved. St. 4-6 x 
 5 mm., reddish, viscous, becoming recurved, base white downy. Gills 
 white, interstices pale salmon, adnate, broad, distant. Flesh of stem 
 salmon-red, centre white. Spores white, oblong, 2-2-5 x -75/u. On 
 wood. Sept. Oct. Eare. 
 
 1456. P. gadinoides W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 286, t. 276, top figs. 
 
 Gadinia, a species of bivalve; eZSo?, like. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 11*5 cm., dimidiate, shell-shaped, hygrophanous, 
 smooth, or clothed with fine adpressed fiocci. St. minute, lateral, or 
 none. Gills adnate, somewhat crowded, slightly branched. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 7 x 3/u. On tree-fern stems. May. Rare. 
 
 1457. P. limpidus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 88, fig. 3. Limpidus, clear. 
 Entirely hyaline white, shining white when dry. P. 2-3 cm., obovate, 
 
 or reniform, horizontal, narrowed behind into a stem-like base, pruinose ; 
 margin shortly inflexed, very thin. Gills decurrent at the base, crowded, 
 thin, linear. Spores white, "globose, 6 /A, with a large central gutta" 
 Quel.; "subcylindrical, obtusely rounded at both ends, obliquely 
 apiculate at the base, 7-8 x 3-4 /x" Sacc. On ash, beech, and willow 
 stumps. Nov. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1458. P. reniformis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 89, fig. 3. 
 
 Reniformis, kidney -shaped. 
 
 P. 6-10 mm., cinereous, horizontal, reniform, plane, emarginate be- 
 hind, villose; margin spreading. St. rudimentary, lateral, villose. Gills 
 grey, linear, running out from the stem-like tubercle, thin. Flesh thin, 
 somewhat gelatinous, diaphanous. Spores white, globose, 3-4/z, 
 warted, 1-guttulate. On buried twigs, and branches of silver-fir. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1459. P. Laurocerasi B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 287, t. 242, top figs. 
 
 Cerasus Laurocerasus, the cherry laurel. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., brown, oyster-shaped, sulcate, cuticle very thin, cracking 
 at the furrows. St. obsolete. Gills pinkish, adnate, connected by veins, 
 broad. Spores white, ovate, 8 x 5 /A. On a trunk of cherry laurel. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 1460. P. tremulus (Schaefi.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 242. 
 
 Tremulus, shaking. 
 
 P. 14 cm., fuscous-grey, becoming pale, submembranaceous, some- 
 what horizontal, reniform, plane, sometimes infundibuliform and 
 lobed, hygrophanous, diaphanous, tomentose under a lens. St. 8- 
 12 x 4-6 mm., grey, exactly lateral, ascending-vertical, round, dilated
 
 PLETTROTUS 449 
 
 upwards. Gills grey, adnate or decurrent, very unequal, linear, narrow, 
 somewhat distant. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores pip-shaped, 7-8 x 3-4jLt, 
 1-2-guttulate. On the ground, moss, and fungi. Aug. Dec. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1461. P. acerosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 89, fig. 2. 
 
 Acerosus, acerose, coniferous. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., grey, or brown, silky white when dry, membranaceous, 
 reniform, somewhat lobed, striate, flaccid. St. 2-6 x 2 mm., often 
 wanting, lateral, whitish, base strigose-rooting. Gills grey, adnate, 
 linear, crowded. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white, globose, 4-6 fj., 
 1-guttulate. On twigs, needles, and stumps in coniferous woods, and 
 on Sphagnum in bogs. Aug. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1462. P. dictyorhizus (DC.) Fr. (= Calathinus dictyorhizus (DC.) 
 Quel.) Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 72, fig. 2. 
 
 SLKTVOV, net- work; pia, root. 
 
 Entirely shining white. P. -5-1 cm., orbicular, or dimidiate, lobed, 
 membranaceous, very delicate, villosely silky, reticulately fibrillose at 
 the base. St. 1-3 x -5 mm., generally wanting, villose. Gills extending 
 to the base, distant, linear, lanceolate. Flesh white, thin. Spores 
 white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4ju, 1-guttulate. On twigs, and dead wood. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 III. P. at first resupinate, then reflexed, sessile; gills 
 meeting at an excentric point. 
 
 A. P. fleshy, uniform in texture. 
 
 1463. P. pomgens (Pers.) Fr. (= Calathinus porrigens (Pers.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 288, t. 259, fig. A. Porrigens, stretching out. 
 
 Entirely shining white. P. 2-5-10 cm., at first resupinate, sessile, 
 adnate behind, forming excentric orbicular shields, with the gills con- 
 current in an umbilicus, soon extended laterally, ascending, ear-shaped, 
 narrow at the base, dilated above, at length undulato-lobed, tough, 
 flaccid, pruinose, tomentose towards the base, diaphanous. Gills at 
 first concurrent, then decurrent, often branched, somewhat veined, 
 very narrow, crowded, linear. Flesh white, thin, compact. Spores 
 white, subglobose, 78 x 6/x. On coniferous stumps. June Nov. 
 Common in Scotland, uncommon elsewhere, (v.v.) 
 
 1464. P. septicus Fr. (= Calathinus pubescens (Sow.) Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 288, t. 259, fig. B. crr/TTTitcos, putrefying. 
 
 Entirely shining white. P. 2-10 mm., at first resupinate, attached to 
 the wood, then reflexed and appearing sessile with flaxy rootlets, 
 villose. St. 2-4 x -5 mm., filiform, incurved, villose, becoming erect 
 and at length vanishing. Gills converging round the rudiment of a
 
 450 PLEUROTUS 
 
 stem, comparatively broad, somewhat distant. Flesh white, thin at 
 the margin. Spores elliptical, 9-10 x 5/x,, often depressed on the one 
 side. On dead twigs, decayed wood, rabbit dung and fungi. March 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 P. nidulans (Pers.) Fr. = Crepidotus nidulans (Pers.) Quel. Ench. 
 
 B. P. fleshy, striate, with an upper gelatinous layer, 
 or viscous pellicle. 
 
 1465. P. mastrucatus Fr. (= Calathinus mastrucatus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 289, t. 243, upper figs. 
 
 Mastrucatus, clothed in a sheep-skin. 
 
 P. 3-12 cm., mouse grey, as if prickly with fioccose, squarrose, con- 
 colorous scales, obovate, or tongue-shaped, soft, flaccid; margin in- 
 volute, lobed. Gills whitish-grey, concurrent in an excentric umbilicus, 
 then converging to the base of the pileus, broad, somewhat distant. 
 Flesh, upper layer gelatinous, mouse-fuscous, the lower a little thicker, 
 pallid. Spores white, "pruniform, 7-9 /i" Quel. On old beech 
 stumps. Rare. 
 
 1466. P. atrocaeruleus Fr. (= Calathinus atrocaeruleus (Fr.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 289, t. 243, lower figs. 
 
 Ater, black; caeruleus, azure-blue. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., dark azure-blue, rarely fuscous, at first resupinate, 
 soon reflexed, horizontal, obovate, or reniform, villose, slightly 
 wrinkled when dry. Gills whitish, becoming light yellow, at first con- 
 current, then reaching the base, broad. Flesh, upper layer toughly 
 gelatinous, as much as 4 mm. thick, fuscous-blackish, the lower 
 thinner, whitish. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/x, often de- 
 pressed on one side, with a large central gutta. Cystidia abundant, 
 fusiform, 46-60 x 8-1 1/u, very thick walled, sometimes septate at 
 the base, encrusted in the upper portion. Smell sometimes pleasant. 
 On beech, birch, and poplar stumps. Oct. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1467. P. Leightonii Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 290, t. 260, upper figs. 
 The Rev. W. A. Leighton, the eminent Shropshire lichenologist. 
 
 P. 10 mm., umber, then lead-coloured, at first cyphellaeform, ob- 
 liquely conical, furfuraceous, with short, scattered, black bristles inter- 
 mixed. Gills pallid tan colour, rather thick, distant, somewhat forked 
 at the base, slightly undulated, obscurely wrinkled at the base, the 
 interstices scarcely reticulated. Flesh, upper layer gelatinous, of the 
 colour of the pileus, the lower white. Spores white, "somewhat 
 sausage-shaped, slightly curved, 10 x 3/x" Sacc. On wood, rotten 
 rails. Dec. Rare. 
 
 1468. P. algidus Fr. (= Calathinus algidus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 290, t. 260, lower figs. Algidus, cold. 
 
 P. 1-5 cm., umber, or rufous brown, at first resupinate, then ex-
 
 PLEUROTUS 451 
 
 panded, subreniform and reflexed, fleshy, velvety, then smooth, viscid. 
 Gills pallid yellow, concurrent, then appearing adnate, crowded, rather 
 broad, sometimes crisped at the base. Flesh, upper layer gelatinous, 
 brownish, lower whitish. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 p, 1-2- 
 guttulate. On trunks of willow, mountain ash. Aug. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1469. P. fluxilis Fr. (= Calathinus fiuxilis (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 291, t. 244, top figs. Fluxilis, fluid. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., somewhat umber, pale grey, or olivaceous, thin, dimidiate, 
 sessile, reniform, covered with a fluid, gelatinous stratum. Gills whitish, 
 linear, 2 mm. broad, rounded behind, distant. Flesh thin, soft, yellow- 
 ish. Spores white, "elliptical-oblong, 10/Li, guttate" Quel. On mossy 
 beech trunks, and on wood, and sawdust. Oct. Eare. 
 
 1470. P. cyphellaeformis Berk. (= Dictyolus cyphellaeformis (Berk.) 
 Cost. & Duf.) Cke. Illus. no. 291, t. 244, middle figs. 
 
 Kv<f)e\\a, the hollow of the ear;/orma, shape. 
 
 P. 4-10 mm., cinereous, cup-shaped, then dependent, very minutely 
 strigose, especially at the base; margin paler, sprinkled with a few 
 meal-like scales. Gills pure white, rather distant, the alternate ones 
 shorter, narrow, linear. Flesh, upper layer gelatinous, cinereous, the 
 lower white and very thin. Spores white, sausage-shaped, curved, 
 7-8 x 4/i, 2-guttulate. On dead herbaceous stems, and sticks. Feb. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1471. P. applicatus (Batsch) Berk. (= Calathinus applicatus (Batsch) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 291, t. 244, bottom figs. 
 
 Applicatus, attached to. 
 
 Entirely dark cinereous. P. 4-7 mm., cup-shaped, orbicular, adnate 
 behind, villose at the base, then reflexed, slightly vittose, or sub- 
 pruinose, substriate when moist. Gills whitish at the edge, few, radi- 
 ating from a white umbilicus, rather thick, broad. Flesh grey, upper 
 layer gelatinous. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5/z, often de- 
 pressed on one side, 1-3-guttulate. On dead branches, and twigs. 
 Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 C. P. membranaceous, not viscid. 
 
 1472. P. Hobsonii Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 292, t. 212, fig. A. 
 
 Lieut. Julian C. Hobson. 
 
 P. 28 mm., pale grey, membranaceous, reniform, or dimidiate, 
 sessile, minutely downy; margin involute. Gills pallid, rather 
 distant. On larch stumps. Sept. Rare. 
 
 292
 
 452 PLEUROTUS. SCHIZOPHYLLTJM 
 
 1473. P. striatulus Fr. (= Calathinus striatulus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon 
 t. 89, fig. 5. Striatulus, somewhat striate 
 
 Entirely pale cinereous. P. 4-7 mm., sessile, cup-shaped, very tender, 
 pellucid, striate, wrinkled when dry. Gills sometimes whitish, few, 
 distant. Spores white, "oval, 5/j," Quel. On twigs, branches, and 
 stumps of fir, hazel, elm. May Dec. Uncommon. 
 
 1474. P. hypnophilus Berk. (= Calathinus hypnophilus (Berk.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 292, t. 212, fig. C. 
 
 Hypnum, the name of a moss genus ; (1X09, loving. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 5-10 mm., sessile, resupinate, somewhat reni- 
 
 form, rugose, slightly striate. Gills thin, crowded, radiating from a 
 
 central point. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3 p. On the larger mosses, 
 
 and fallen leaves. Sept. Dec. Uncommon. 
 
 1475. P. chioneus (Pers.) Fr. (= Calathinus chioneus (Pers.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 292, t. 212, fig. D. %*&>", snow. 
 
 Entirely snow-white. P. 4-5 mm., very tender, lateral, then resu- 
 pinate, orbicular, becoming reniform, villose; margin involute. St. 
 1-2 x -5 mm., villose, vanishing. Gills radiating, crowded, rather 
 broad, sometimes with intermediate shorter ones. Spores white, 
 pip-shaped, depressed on one side, 5-8 x 3p,, minutely verrucose. 
 On twigs, dead leaves, and dung. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Spores white, gill edge longitudinally split. 
 
 Schizophyllum Fr. 
 (<r\a'&>, I split; <f)v\\ov, a leaf.) 
 
 Pileus coriaceous, resupinate. Stem lateral or none. Gills radiating 
 from a central point, becoming longitudinally split and revolute at 
 the edge. Spores white, cylindrical, smooth, continuous. Cystidia 
 none. Growing on wood. 
 
 1476. S. commune Fr. (= Schizophyllum commune Fr. var. multi- 
 fidum Massee.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 61. 
 
 Commune, common. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., greyish, or flesh colour, becoming white, more or less fan- 
 shaped, or reniform, often much lobed, very arid, pendulous, com- 
 monly extended behind into a stem-like base, covered with white-grey 
 down, then strigose. Gills fuscous-grey, then purplish, or whitish, split- 
 ting and revolute at the edge, radiating, narrow. Flesh brownish, be- 
 coming whitish. Spores white, cylindrical, straight, or curved, 6 x 3/n. 
 On fallen trunks, and dead branches in woods, also in timber yards 
 on imported timber. May Jan. Not uncommon.
 
 CLAUDOPUS 453 
 
 Spores pink. 
 Claudopus W. G. Sm. 
 
 (Claudus, lame; TTOVS, foot.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, excentric, lateral, or resupinate. Stem lateral, or 
 none. Gills radiating from a central point, or decurrent. Spores 
 pink, elliptical, globose, oblong, smooth, angular or verrucose, con- 
 tinuous. Cystidia present. Growing on wood, or on the ground. 
 
 1477. C. variabilis (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (= Crepidotus variabilis (Pers.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 371, t. 344, top figs. 
 
 Variabilis, variable. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., white, slightly fleshy, resupinate, then reflexed, tomen- 
 tose, putting forth from the centre a short, incurved, villose stem 
 which is obliterated when the pileus is reflexed. Gills whitish, then 
 rubiginous, at first concurrent in an excentric point, then reaching 
 the base, broad, distant. Flesh white. Spores pink, elliptical, 5-6 x 
 3/A, "warted" Maire. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-bottle-shaped, 
 36-45 x 7-9 p, " Rick. On dead sticks, fallen branches, and leaves, 
 in woods, hedgerows, and wood-yards. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. sphaerosporus Pat. <r(f>aipa, a ball; <nropd, seed. 
 
 Differs from the type in the subglobose spores, 7-8 x 6-7/1,. Woods, 
 and hedgerows. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1478. C. depluens (Batsch) W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 371, t. 344, 
 
 middle figs. Depluens, raining down. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., rufescent-hoary, submembranaceous, resupinate, then 
 reflexed, changeable in form, delicately silky; at first with a villose 
 stem then stemless. Gills grey, then rufescent, scarcely decurrent, 
 diverging, broad, ventricose, somewhat crowded. Flesh thin, watery, 
 fragile. Spores pink, " subelliptical-renif orm, 10-12 x 5-6 /x. Cystidia 
 on edge of gill undulating-filiform, 45-50 x 4-6 p." Rick. On the 
 ground, amongst moss, sawdust, wood-ashes, sometimes in stoves. 
 Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1479. C. byssisedus (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 14, fig. 4. 
 
 /3uo-o-o<?, fine flax; sedeo, I sit. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., grey, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy, at length 
 horizontal, reniform, plane, villose. St. 12 mm. long, incurved, villose, 
 attenuated upwards, zoned at the base with white cottony fibrils. Gills 
 whitish-cinereous, then rubiginous with the spores, adnato-decurrent, 
 ventricose, rather broad. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores pink, an- 
 gular, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 7/n, 1-2-guttulate. On dead beech, 
 and wood of hornbeam, also on the ground. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.)
 
 454 CREPIDOTUS 
 
 Spores ochraceous. 
 
 Crepidotus Fr. 
 
 (Kpi)7rl<;, a man's boot; ov<?, ear.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, excentric, lateral, or resupinate. Stem lateral, or 
 none. Gills more or less decurrent, or radiating from a central point. 
 Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or fuscous; elliptical, subglobose, 
 oval, or fusiform; smooth, granular, verrucose, or echinulate; con- 
 tinuous. Cystidia present. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground. 
 C. palmatus (BuU.) Fr. = Pleurotus palmatus (Bull.) Quel. 
 
 1480. C. nidulans (Pers.) Quel. Ench. (= Pleurotus nidulans (Pers.) 
 Fr.; Crepidot us jonquilla (Paul.) Quel.) Pers. Icon, et Descr. 
 t. 6, fig. 4. Nidulans, nestling. 
 
 P. 1-8 cm., yellow, or yellow orange, becoming pale, fleshy, resupinate, 
 cup-shaped, then expanded and reflexed, dimidiate, kidney-shaped, 
 sessile, tomentose, the tomentum concolorous, or becoming whitish; 
 margin inrolled, often lobed and orange-coloured. Gills orange tawny, 
 at first concurrent, then adnate, 2-4 mm. broad, subdistant, often 
 veined on the sides. Flesh yellowish, becoming whitish when dry, 
 staining paper a yellow colour, thick, soft. Spores bright ochraceous, 
 broadly elliptical, 5-6 x 4/i, 1-2-guttulate. Smell pleasant, "of 
 melon" Quel. Gregarious, sometimes imbricate. On rotten pine, and 
 beech wood. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1481. C. alveolus (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 534, t. 499, upper figs. 
 
 Alveolus, a little trough. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., ochraceous fuscous, occasionally becoming olive at the 
 margin, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, obovate, somewhat cunei- 
 form, sometimes repand, rather plane, moist, smooth, dimidiate, 
 laterally somewhat sessile, or extended behind with a short, stem-like 
 tomentoso-villous base and horizontal. Gills clay-fuscous, determinate, 
 4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, thick, soft. Spores brownish, 
 elliptical, 8-10 x 6/u. Stumps and logs, especially oak. Aug. Nov. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1482. C. moffls (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 535, t. 498. Mollis, soft. 
 P. 3-7 cm., pallid, then becoming hoary, fleshy, convexo-plane, ob- 
 ovate, or reniform, undulate and lobed when larger, flaccid, smooth, 
 dimidiate, subsessile, or extended behind into a short, 12mm., strigose 
 st., often imbricated. Gills whitish grey, then watery cinnamon, com- 
 monly decurrent to the base, linear, 2-4 mm. broad, often branched. 
 Flesh watery whitish, subgelatinous especially under the cuticle, thick. 
 Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/u,. Cystidia "on edge of gill 
 cylindrical-filiform, 45-54 x 5-6 /u" Rick. Taste mild. Edible. 
 Stumps, twigs, fallen branches, and sawdust. May Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.)
 
 455 CREPIDOTUS 455 
 
 1483. C. applanatus (Pers.) Fr. Applanatus, flattened. 
 P. 1-8 cm., watery cinnamon, or fuliginous, whitish when dry, very 
 
 hygrophanous, fleshy, fragile, wholly plane and horizontal, extended 
 behind in a straight line into a very short, white, tomentose St., reniform, 
 or cuneiform, at length depressed behind, subsessile, minutely tomen- 
 tose; margin slightly striate when moist. Gills whitish, then watery 
 cinnamon, ending determinately behind, linear, crowded, thin. Flesh 
 whitish, watery, soft. Spores brownish, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/u,, with a 
 large central gutta. Cystidia "on edge of gill cylindrical-filiform, 
 36-40 x 5-7 /A" Rick. On twigs and dead wood. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1484. C. calolepis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 129, fig. 4. 
 
 fca\6<;, beautiful; XeTW, scale. 
 
 P. 1-7 cm., cream, or pale yellow, beautifully variegated with minute, 
 crowded, rufescent scales, fleshy, reniform, convex, almost shell-shaped, 
 dimidiate, sessile on a small villose knot, margined with white behind. 
 Gills pallid fuscous, then fuscous ferruginous, concurrent at the base, 
 rounded behind, comparatively broad. Flesh white, firm, fairly thick. 
 Spores brownish, elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6 p,. Stumps, and fallen branches, 
 especially poplar, and ash. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1485. C. putrigenus Berk. & Curt. Puter, rotten; genus, birth. 
 P. 12-19 mm., whitish, subreniform, imbricate, tomentose, beset 
 
 at the base with a delicate white tomentum. Gills whitish, becoming 
 ferruginous brown, broad. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 7/u,. Damp 
 wood. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1486. C. versutus Peck. Versutus, deceitful. 
 P. 9-20 mm., white, resupinate, then reflexed, sessile, thin, covered 
 
 with a soft villose tomentum ; margin incurved. Gills pallid, then ferrugi- 
 nous, concurrent in an excentric point, rounded behind, rather broad, 
 subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores ferruginous brown, subelliptical, 
 9-10 x 4-5 /A. On dead wood, and rotten branches. June Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1487. C. epigaeus (Pers.) B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 537, t. 516, fig. A. 
 
 eiriyaios, upon the earth. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., reddish grey, fragile, reniform, or flabellate ; base 
 whitish, downy. Gills watery rufescent, divergent, narrow. Flesh pallid, 
 very thin. Spores pale cinnamon, broadly elliptical, 10 x 7 /A. On 
 marlstone clay. Nov. Rare. 
 
 1488. C. haustellaris Fr. (= C. flurstedtiensis (Batsch) Sacc.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 536, t. 515, fig. A. Haurio, I draw water. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., pale yellowish tan, becoming pale, but often cinnamon 
 wJien old, fleshy, almost pellucid, flaccid, exactly lateral, reniform,
 
 456 CBEPIDOTUS 
 
 plane, delicately villose. St. 4-8 x 2-4 mm., white, attenuated upwards, 
 almost conical, round, villose, somewhat ascending when young, then 
 straight and horizontal. Gills pallid, then fuscous cinnamon, deter- 
 minate, rounded, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, watery, thin. 
 Spores "ellipsoid, ochraceous, 6-7 x 4-5-5-5/x" Sacc. On dead trunks, 
 and fallen branches of poplar. June Oct. Rare. 
 
 C. Rubi Berk. = Naucoria effugiens Quel. 
 
 C. variabilis (Pers.) Quel. = Claudopus variabilis (Pers.) W. G. Sni. 
 
 1489. C. chimonophilus B. & Br. Cke. Hlus. no. 536, t. 515, fig. D. 
 
 XIIJ,Q>V, winter; <i\os, loving. 
 
 Entirely pure white. P. 4-6 mm., convex, fleshy, clothed with villose 
 down; margin inflexed. St. extremely short, or obsolete, excentric.. 
 Gills attenuated behind, narrow, distant, few. Flesh white, rather thick. 
 Spores pale cinnamon, elliptical, 5 x 3/i. Dead branches of Pyrus 
 torminalis. Dec. Rare. 
 
 1490. C. epibryus Fr. Cke. nius. no. 537, t. 516, fig. C. 
 
 eVt, upon; ftpvov, moss. 
 
 P. 4-10 mm., shining white, membranaceous, cup-shaped, resupinate, 
 sessile, pellucid, adnate at the vertex, becoming silky-even. Gills 
 whitish, then pale yellowish, concurrent in the centre, thin, crowded. 
 Flesh white, very thin. Spores "ochraceous, elliptical, fusiform, 
 10-12/A, minutely echinulate" Quel. On mosses, grass, holly-leaves, 
 Vaccinium, twigs, and herbaceous stems. Oct. Jan. Uncommon. 
 
 1491. C. pezizoides (Nees) Fr. Cke. IUus. no. 537, t. 516, fig. D. 
 
 Treft?, Peziza; eZSo<?, like. 
 
 P. 4-6 mm., whitish, or reddish, sessile, thin, cup-shaped, then re- 
 flexed, mealy subtomentose. GUIs olivaceous fuscous, then tawny, con- 
 current at the centre, subdistant. Gregarious. On rotten branches, 
 and old wood. Rare. 
 
 1492. C. Phillipsii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 536, t. 515, fig. C. 
 
 W. Phillips of Shrewsbury, the eminent mycologist. 
 
 Slightly umber. P. 4-6 mm., oblique, striate, smooth. St. 2-3 x 
 5 mm., incurved at the base, sometimes obsolete. Gills shortly 
 adnate, narrow, ventricose. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores pale 
 ochraceous, elliptical, 56 x 2-5-3/x. Dead grass leaves, and stems. 
 May Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1493. C. Ralfsii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 537, t. 516, fig. B. 
 
 J. Ralfs, an eminent botanist. 
 
 P. 5-15 mm., yellow, or fuscous, semi-reflexed, delicately furfura- 
 ceous, slightly hispid, the involute margin spreading, adfixed by
 
 CEEPIDOTUS. BUSSULA 457 
 
 cottony flocci. Gills day colour, ventricose, edge whitish. Flesh con- 
 colon 'ous, thin. Spores brown, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 fi, with a 
 large central gutta. Dead branches, and decaying wood. March. 
 Bare, (v.v.) 
 
 1494. C. luteolus Lamb. Luteolus, yellowish. 
 P. clear yellow, then pale, thin, stipitate at first, then resupinate 
 
 and st. disappearing, tomentose. Gills orange yellow, then cinnamon, 
 crowded. Spores rusty. 
 
 1495. C. Parisotii Pat. Parisot. 
 P. 5-6 mm., bright lemon yellow, sessile, velvety tomentose with simple, 
 
 or branched thin hairs ; margin incurved, attached to the support above 
 by some white fibrils, with an extremely short stem below which 
 terminates on the under side of the p. in a yellowish white, projecting, 
 velvety heap. Gills reddish, unequal, the longer ones reaching the 
 central mass, very distant, thick. Spores ochraceous, hyaline, or 
 granular, oval, apiculate, 4-5 x 2/A. On twigs. Rare. 
 
 1496. C. proboscideus Fr. Trpofioa-icLs, an elephant's trunk. 
 P. 2-3 cm., ochraceous, sometimes white, fleshy, elongate shell- 
 shaped, or trumpet-shaped, more prolonged on the one side, cottony. 
 St. conical, very short, really only a continuation of the p., base 
 cottony. Gills whitish, then concolorous, or watery cinnamon, thin, 
 fairly distant. Rotten wood, fallen branches, and wooden ceiling. 
 Dec. Rare. 
 
 II. Receptacle fleshy, trama vesiculose, and traversed 
 
 by lacticiferous vessels. Spores white, or yellow. 
 
 Latex watery, uncoloured. 
 
 Russula Fr. 
 (Russulus, reddish.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy. Gills adnate, sinuato- 
 adnate, adnexed, free, or decurrent, rigid, fragile, edge acute. Spores 
 white, or yellow, rarely greenish; globose, subglobose, or elliptical, 
 echinulate, verrucose, subreticulate, or with anastomosing ridges and 
 spines, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the 
 ground, rarely on wood. 
 
 I. P. fleshy throughout, margin more or less involute, pellicle slightly 
 developed, dry, adnate. Flesh compact, firm. Gills unequal, 
 alternate. Spores white in the mass. 
 
 *Flesh not changing colour, gills narrow, decurrent. 
 
 1497. R. delica Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 201. Delica, weaned. 
 P. 5-8 cm., white, becoming spotted with light brown, convex, um-
 
 458 RUSSULA 
 
 bilicate, then somewhat infundibuliform, at first delicately tomen- 
 tose, then only in little patches. St. 2-3-5 x -5-2 cm., white, becoming 
 somewhat light brown, attenuated at the base, finely tomentose under 
 a lens. Gills white, exuding watery drops when young, decurrent, or 
 adnate, crowded, narrow, sometimes branched near the margin, rarely 
 bifid at the base. Flesh white. Spores hyaline, subglobose, 8-9 x 
 7-8 /z, verrucose, with a large central gutta. "Hyphae containing 
 oil globules traverse the tissue and terminate in cystidia-like bodies, 
 60-70 x 6-8jti." Bres. Smell pleasant, taste slowly acrid. Deciduous, 
 and pine woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1498. R. chloroides (Krombh.) Bres. (= Lactarius exsuccus (Otto) 
 Fr.; Russula delica Aut. plur. pr. p. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. 
 t. 202. %Xw/oo9, pale green; etSo?, like. 
 
 P. 6-15 cm., pallid then ochraceous, convexo-plane, then somewhat 
 infundibuliform, pubescent, soon smooth, areolately cracked in dry 
 weather. St. 3-6 x 2-3-5 cm., white then concolorous, the extreme apex 
 incirded by a greenish zone, equal, or attenuated at the base, rugulose. 
 Gills whitish, or greenish, becoming pallid and often spotted fuscous in 
 old age, subdecurrent, or sinuato-adnate, broad, somewhat crowded, 
 connected by veins. Flesh white, cheesy. Spores hyaline, subglobose, 
 8-11 x 8-10 ju,, echinulate. Cystidia fusiform, 70-90 x 8-1 2 p. Smell 
 at length unpleasant, taste acrid. Woods. Aug. Dec. Common, 
 especially in some years, (v.v.) 
 
 1499. R. elephantina Fr. (= Russula chloroides Krombh. sec. Bataille.) 
 
 e\e(f>dvTivo<;, of ivory. 
 
 P. 7-5 cm., fuscous-tan, paler at the margin, convexo-umbilicate ; 
 margin undulated, exceeding the gills. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5 cm., shining 
 white, obese, very hard. Gills white, spotted pale yellowish when 
 touched, obtusely or sinuato-adnate, arcuate, somewhat crowded, thin, 
 divided behind. Flesh of stem shining white. Spores "14 x 10 jit" 
 Sacc. Woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 **Flesh becoming black. 
 
 1500. R. nigricans (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 970, t. 1015. 
 
 Nigricans, becoming black. 
 
 P. 5-20 cm., olivaceous-fuliginous, at length black, convex, then 
 flattened and umbilicato-depressed, slightly viscid when moist, at 
 length rimoso-squamulose. St. 3-7 x 2-5 cm., pallid, at length black, 
 equal. Gills ochraceous, reddening when touched, rounded behind, 
 slightly adnexed, thick, distant, wide. Flesh firm, white, becoming red 
 on exposure to the air, and finally black. Spores white, globose, 8-9 /x, 
 verrucose, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "only on edge of gill, 
 vesiculose, then ventricose, pointed, 45-60 x 15-30 /x" Rick. Taste 
 mild, then acrid. Woods. June Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 RUSSULA 459 
 
 1501. R. adusta (Pers.) Fr. (= Russula albo-nigra Krombh. sec. Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 972, t. 1051. Adusta, scorched. 
 
 P. 8-15 cm., pallid, or whitish, becoming cinereous-fuliginous, con- 
 vex, then depressed, and somewhat infundibuliform. St. 3-5 x 2- 
 3 cm., concolorous, obese. Gills white, then dingy, adnate, then de- 
 current, thin, crowded, narrow. Flesh white, then brownish, and finally 
 black. Spores white, globose, 8/z, verrucose. Cystidia "sparse, subu- 
 late, 45-50 x 7/i" Rick. Taste mild. Woods. Aug. Nov. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 var. caerulescens Fr. Caerulescens, becoming blue. 
 
 Differs from the type in the flesh becoming dark blue when cut or 
 broken. Deciduous woods. Rare, (v.v.) 
 var. albo-nigra (Krombh.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 971, t. 1016. 
 
 Albus, white; nigra, black. 
 
 Differs from the type in the white pileus becoming smoky near the 
 margin, the stem fuscous from the first, and the flesh immediately be- 
 coming black when broken. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, 
 subulate-pointed, 75-90 x 9-10/x, filled with dark juice" Rick. 
 Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1502. R. densifolia (Seer.) Gill. Cke. Illus. no. 973, t. 1017. 
 
 Densus, crowded ; folium, leaf. 
 
 P. 7-10 cm., whitish, then dingy brown, and finally black, convex, 
 then depressed, slightly viscid at first; margin elastic, villose, white. 
 St. 3-5 x 1-2 cm., white, then concolorous, equal, pruinose. Gills 
 white, becoming grey when touched, then dingy, and finally black, adnate, 
 decurrent by a tooth, narrow, crowded, thin. Flesh white, becoming red 
 when broken, and finally black. Spores white, globose, 7-8/z, echinu- 
 late, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste slowly acrid. Woods. Aug. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1503. R. semicrema Fr. FT. Icon. t. 172, fig. 1. 
 
 Semi,hali; crema, burnt. 
 
 P. 6-11 cm., persistently white, convex then plane, disc umbilicate. 
 St. 5-8 x 5-6 cm., white, becoming black, firm. Gills persistently white, 
 decurrent, crowded, thin. Flesh of pileus persistently white, becoming 
 black in the stem. Spores white, globose, 8-9/1,, verruculose. Taste 
 mild. Woods. Aug. Sept. Rare. 
 
 II. Pellicle of the pileus dry, adnate, rarely possessing cystidia, 
 usually breaking up into fiocci, granules, or areolae. Margin 
 rounded, never striate (except 1511), or involute. Gills with a very 
 broad, rounded apex. Spores whitish cream-colour in mass. 
 
 1504. R. lactea (Pers.) Fr. Lactea, milk-white. 
 P. 5-12 cm., milk-white, then tan-white, convex, then plane, often 
 
 excentric, pruinose, appearing as if stippled under a lens, then
 
 460 RUSSULA 
 
 minutely cracked. St. 3-5 x 2-4 cm., white, equal, or ventricose, 
 pruinose. Gills whitish cream colour, free, very broad, thick, distant, 
 forked. Flesh white, compact. Spores very pale ochraceous, globose, 
 7-S/A, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1505. R. incarnate Quel. Cke. Illus. no.^90, 1. 1071, as Russula lactea 
 Pers. var. incarnata Quel. Incarnata, flesh-colour. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., white, tinged with rose, at length tan colour, convex, then 
 depressed, minutely mealy, then cracked into areolae. St. 4-6 x 1-5- 
 2 cm., white, firm, pruinose. Gills whitish cream colour, adnate, broad, 
 forked, rigid. Flesh white. Spores very pale ochraceous, globose, 
 8-lOju, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1506. R. virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 991, t. 1039. 
 
 Virescens, green. 
 
 P. 6-12 cm., deep or pallid green, globose, then expanded, at length 
 depressed, often unequal, the flocculose cuticle broken up into patches, 
 or warts. St. 5-10 x 23 cm., white, or whitish cream colour, firm, 
 pruinose, subrivulose. Gills white, then whitish cream colour, free, or 
 adnate, thick, somewhat crowded, sometimes forked. Flesh white, 
 not very compact. Spores very pale ochraceous, globose, 6-8/A, verru- 
 cose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia narrowly fusiform, apex obtuse, 2-3/u, in 
 diam., 55-65 x 8-10/A. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. July Oct. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1507. R. lepida Fr. (= Russula lepida Fr. var. pulcherrima Gillet.) 
 Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 204. Lepida, charming. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., blood-red-rose, becoming pale, and somewhat tan-leather 
 colour at the disc, convex, then expanded, rarely depressed, pruinose, 
 appearing under a lens as if stippled, at length often rimoso-squamulose. 
 St. 3-5-7 x 1-5-2 cm., white, often tinged with rose colour, especially 
 on one side, or at the base, equal, or attenuated at the base, very firm. 
 Gills whitish cream colour, the edge often minutely dentate and red, 
 especially towards the margin of the pileus, rounded behind, or at- 
 tenuate, rather thick, somewhat crowded, often forked, connected by 
 veins. Flesh white, firm, cheesy. Spores very pale ochre in the mass, 
 hyaline under the microscope, globose, 8-10/x, echinulate. Cystidia 
 "cylindrical, rounded, 60-90 x 15/u." Rick. Smell pleasant. Taste 
 pleasant, then very slowly acrid. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 var. alba Quel. Alba, white. 
 
 Differs from the type in the pruinose, milk-white p. sometimes 
 tinged with rose colour, and the white, mealy st. Woods. Aug. Sept. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 RUSSULA 461 
 
 1508. R. Linnaei Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 172, fig. 3. 
 
 Carlos Linnaeus, the eminent Swedish botanist. 
 P. 7-12 cm., unicolorous, dark purple, blood-red, or bright rose, 
 opaque, not becoming pale, convex, then plane and depressed, some- 
 times repand, dry, pruinose. St. 4-6 x 2-3 cm., blood-red, rarely 
 white, somewhat ventricose, firm, spongy within, obsoletely fibrilloso- 
 reticulate. Gills white, then ochraceous, adnate, subdecurrent, rather 
 thick, broad, fragile, slightly connected by veins, not crowded, some- 
 what anastomosing behind. Flesh white, compact, firm. Spores pale 
 ochraceous, elliptically globose, echinulate, 8-11 x Sp,. Cystidia "on 
 surface of gill sparse, cylindrical, pointed, 50-60 x 8-12 p" Rick. 
 Taste mild. Woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1509. R. azurea Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 24. Azurea, sky-blue. 
 P. 3-6 cm., bright blue, margin sometimes lilac, becoming pale, con- 
 vex, then plane or depressed, fleshy, soon dry, constantly minutely 
 granular', margin scarcely striate in old age. St. 3--5 x 11-5 cm., 
 white, ventricose, or attenuated at the base, somewhat rugulose, firm. 
 Gills white, attenuato-adnate, crowded, equal, forked. Flesh white. 
 Spores white, subglobose, 8-9 x S/A, verrucose. Cystidia fusiform, 
 60-70 x 12-13jn. Taste mild. Edible. Coniferous woods, and under 
 conifers. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1510. R. olivacea (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1001, t. 1041. 
 
 Olivacea, olivaceous. 
 
 P. 612 cm., dingy purple, then olivaceous, or wholly fuscous-oliva- 
 ceous, convex, then plane and depressed, fleshy, slightly silky and 
 squamulose. St. 5-8 x 1-52 cm., rose colour, or pallid, firm, ventri- 
 cose. Gills bright yellow, adnexed, wide, with shorter and forked ones 
 intermixed, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellowish. Spores pale 
 ochraceous, globose, 10/x, punctate. Cystidia "subulate, 50-75 x 
 8-12/i," Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Fir woods. Aug. Uncommon. 
 
 1511. R. elegans Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 25. Elegans, neat. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., bright rosy fiesh colour, soon becoming ochraceous at the 
 circumference, convex, then somewhat depressed, fleshy, thin, viscid; 
 everywhere densely granulate; margin tuberculosely striate when old. 
 St. 3-5 x 1 cm., white, becoming ochraceous at the somewhat thickened 
 base, rather rugulose. Gills whitish, becoming either wholly, or par- 
 tially orange ochre, attenuated behind, adnexed, or slightly rounded, 
 very crowded, equal, rarely furcate. Flesh white, becoming ochraceous 
 with age. Spores whitish in the mass, pale greenish hyaline or yellowish 
 under the microscope, globose, 8-10/z, strongly echinulate, 1-guttulate. 
 Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 50 x 8-9 JJL" Rick. Taste acrid when old. 
 Coniferous woods. Sept. Uncommon.
 
 462 RUSSULA 
 
 1512. R. serotina Quel. Cke. lUus. no. 1003, t. 1042, lower figs. 
 
 Serotina, late. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., violet, lilac, bistre, or olivaceous, margin lilac with the 
 extreme edge white, globose, then plane, white pruinose at first. St. 
 2-3 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, minutely pubescent, equal. Gills white, 
 then tinged yellowish, adnate, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pale 
 ochraceous, globose, 7/x, echinulate. Taste acrid. Beech woods, and 
 on old willow, and poplar stumps. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 III. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, separable at the margin and possess- 
 ing cystidia. Margin subacute, rarely striate in old age. Flesh 
 firm. Taste mild. Gills attenuated in front, often forked and un- 
 equal. Spores verrucose, small, white in the mass. 
 
 1513. R. cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1007, t. 1076. 
 
 Kvavos, blue; ai>66<>, yellow. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., lilac, or purplish, then olivaceous green, disc commonly 
 becoming pale, often yellowish, margin commonly becoming azure-blue, 
 or livid-purple, convex, then plane and depressed, or infundibuliform, 
 viscid, sometimes wrinkled, or streaked. St. 5-9 x 2-3 cm., white, 
 rarely tinged with lilac, elastic, equal. Gills shining white, rounded be- 
 hind, connected by veins, forked, broad, not much crowded. Flesh 
 white, purple or reddish under the pellicle. Spores white, globose, 
 7-10/u,, verrucose. Cystidia abundant, conical, 70-80 x 7-8//,. Taste 
 pleasant. Edible. June Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1514. R. fflacea Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 1004, t. 1054. 
 
 Lilacea, lilac-coloured. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., violet, or lilac, often brownish, margin becoming whitish, 
 convex, then depressed, thin, viscid ; margin striate, thin. St. 4-6 x 
 1-5-2 cm., white, often rosy at the base, corticate, fragile, apex pruinose, 
 wrinkled-striate. Gills white, free, ventricose, connected by veins, 
 often forked. Flesh white, violet under the pellicle. Spores white, sub- 
 globose, 8-9 fj,, verrucose. Smell pleasant, of apple. Taste mild. 
 Edible. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1515. R. citrina Gillet. Cke. Illus. no. 1031, t. 1078. 
 
 Citrina, lemon yellow. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., bright citron yellow, colour usually uniform, sometimes 
 paler at the margin, occasionally with a greenish tint, disc at length be- 
 coming pale ochraceous, convex, then more or less depressed in the 
 centre, slightly viscid, pellicle separable; margin thin, becoming 
 tuberculosely striate with age. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, equal, or 
 slightly attenuated at the base, striate. Gills white, slightly decurrent, 
 forked at the base, and sometimes also near the middle, attenuated 
 at both ends. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 7-8/n, verrucose.
 
 RUSSULA 
 
 jf 463 
 
 Cystidia abundant, conical, 50-60 x 7-8/4. Taste mild, becoming 
 acrid. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1516. R. fingibilis Britz. Cke. Illus. no. 1030, t. 1048. 
 
 Fingibilis, imaginary. 
 
 P. 5 cm., yellow, disc darker, convex, then plane or depressed, 
 fleshy at the disc, viscid. St. 2-5-4 x 1 cm., white, equal, soft. Gills 
 white, narrowed behind, almost free, rather crowded, unequal, thin. 
 Flesh white. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9x7/4, minutely 
 echinulate. Taste mild. Amongst grass under trees. July. Un- 
 common. 
 
 1517. R. furcata (Pers.) Fr. (= Russula bifida (Bull.) Schroet.) Barla, 
 Champ. Nice, t. 16, figs. 1-9. Furcata, forked. 
 
 P. 6-12 cm., green, becoming somewhat ochraceous at the disc with 
 age, convex, then plane or depressed, sometimes infundibuliform, 
 fleshy, viscid in wet weather, polished in dry weather; margin thin. 
 St. 4-6 x 1-5-2 cm., white, equal, or attenuated downwards, firm. 
 Gills shining white, sometimes becoming spotted with brown when old, 
 attenuated at both ends, adnato-decurrent, forked from the base, more 
 rarely higher up, somewhat distant, rather thick. Flesh white, brown- 
 ish under the separable pellicle. Spores white, globose, 6-8/4, minutely 
 verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia clavate, 45-60 x 8-1 1 p. Taste mild, 
 becoming slightly bitter when old especially in the gills. Woods, and 
 lawns. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. pictipes Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 979, t. 1086. 
 
 Pictus. painted; pes, foot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the slightly striate margin of the pileus, in 
 the stem being rosy at the apex and tinted with green at the base, and in 
 the rosy flesh beneath the cuticle of the pileus. Woods and under trees. 
 Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. ochroviridis Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 980, t. 1100. 
 
 w^po?, pale yellow; viridis, green. 
 
 Differs from the type in the paler greenish ochre pileus, the narrower 
 gills, rugose stem, and fuliginous flesh when cut. Woods. Aug. 
 
 1518. R. mitisRea. Mitis, mild. 
 P. 6-8 cm., disc yellowish, surrounded by purplish mouse colour, or 
 
 pale rose and purple, becoming yellowish towards the circumference, 
 convex, then piano-expanded and depressed, spongy but firm, viscid, 
 pellicle easily separable; margin thin, pellucidly striate, tuberculate 
 when old. St. 4-5 x 1-5 cm., white, attenuated downwards, rugulose. 
 Gills white, then tinged faint straw colour, adnate, attenuated at both 
 ends, branched from the base or higher up, scarcely any intermediate
 
 464 RUSSULA 
 
 ones, veined at the base. Flesh white, somewhat rust colour at the base 
 of the stem, ochraceous under the pellicle. Spores white, globose, 6/u,, 
 verrucose. Taste mild. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1519. R. heterophylla Fr. (= Russula livida (Pers.) Schroet.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 1010, t. 1045. erepo?, different; (f>v\\ov, leaf. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., greenish or yellowish brown, disc becoming ochraceous, 
 very variable in colour but never becoming reddish or purple, fleshy, 
 firm, convex, then plane and depressed; margin thin, sometimes 
 densely but slightly striate. St. 2-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm., shining white, 
 equal, or attenuated at the base, firm, delicately striate. Gills shining 
 white, decurrent, very narrow, very crowded, thin, often forked. Flesh 
 white. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /z, verrucose. Cystidia "on edge 
 of gill filiform-clavate, often constricted and capitate, 50-60 x 
 7-9^" Rick. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. July Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1520. R. galochroa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1011, t. 1089. 
 
 <yd\a, milk; %pc6?, colour. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm., milk white, then greenish, convex, then plane, viscid in 
 wet weather, sometimes sprinkled with white floccose spots; margin 
 sometimes striate. St. 2-5-5 x 1-1-5 cm., white, firm. Gills white, 
 adnate, crowded, narrow, more or less forked. Flesh white. Spores 
 white, globose, 6-7 /A, verrucose. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1521. R. virginea Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1197, t. 1197. 
 
 Virginea, maidenly. 
 
 Entirely pure white. P. 5 cm., convex then depressed, fleshy, firm, 
 viscid when moist, polished when dry. St. 5 x 2 cm., attenuated up- 
 wards, firm, finely rugulose. Gills subdecurrent, very narrow, 1-2 mm. 
 wide, repeatedly forked, connected by veins, brittle, crowded. Spores 
 white, globose, 4ju,, minutely apiculate at the base, almost smooth. 
 Cystidia none. Taste mild. Woods. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 IV. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, more or less separable, possessing 
 cystidia, yellowish, ochraceous, or brownish, sometimes olivaceous 
 brown, never red or violet. Margin straight, more or less striate, 
 subacute. Taste acrid. Spores pure white, or cream. 
 
 1522. R. foetens (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1015, t. 1046. 
 
 Foetens, stinking. 
 
 P. 8-15 cm., dingy yellow, often becoming pale, thinly fleshy, globose, 
 then expanded and depressed, rigid, viscid in wet weather; margin 
 broadly membranaceous, at first incurved, at length tuber culately- 
 striate. St. 5-9 x 1-3 cm., whitish, ventricose. Gills whitish, or straw 
 colour, often dingy when bruised, at the first exuding watery drops,
 
 RUSSULA 465 
 
 adnexed, crowded, connected by veins, often forked. Flesh white, 
 then ochraceous. Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 8-11 x 8-9 /it, 
 echinulate. Cystidia clavate, often slightly constricted below the 
 apex, 45-50 x 8-10/i, contents yellowish. Smell very strong. Taste 
 acrid. Woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1523. R. consobrina Fr. (= Russula livescens (Batsch) Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 1012, t. 1055. Consobrina, cousin. 
 
 P. 7-12 cm., dark cinereous, or fuscous olivaceous, fleshy, fragile, 
 campanulate, then expanded, at length depressed, viscid; margin 
 membranaceous. St. 5-8 x 22-5 cm., white, at length becoming 
 cinereous, equal. Gills white, then greyish, free, forked, broad, crowded, 
 thick. Flesh white, cinereous under the pellicle. Spores pale ochraceous, 
 globose, 10/A, verrucose. Smell faint, taste very acrid. Coniferous 
 woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. sororia (Larb.) Fr. (= Russula consobrina Fr. var. intermedia 
 
 Cke.) Fr. Icon. t. 173, fig. 1. Sororia, sisterly. 
 
 Differs from the type in the striate margin of the pileus, and in the 
 
 subdistant gills, connected by veins. Woods, and pastures. July Oct. 
 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1524. R. pectinata (Bull.) Fr. (= Russula consobrina Fr. var. sororia 
 (Larb.) Cke.) Cke. lUus. no. 1024, t. 1101. 
 
 Pectinata, like the teeth of a comb. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., toast brown, becoming pale tan, disc always darker, 
 fleshy, viscid, rigid, convex, then flattened and depressed, or concavo- 
 infundibuliform; margin thin, tuberculately-sulcate. St. 3-5 x 1- 
 2-5 cm., shining white, equal, or attenuated at the base, rigid, sub- 
 striate longitudinally. Gills whitish, attenuato-free, broader towards 
 the margin, equal, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, light yellowish 
 under the pellicle. Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 6-8 x 6-7 /n, 
 verrucose. Cystidia sparse, conico-cylindrical, 40-50 x 8-13/n, obtuse. 
 Smell unpleasant. Taste very acrid. Woods, and pastures. Aug. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1525. R. ochroleuca (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1025, t. 1049. 
 
 &>%/009, sallow; \evic6s, white. 
 
 P. 3-9 cm., yellow, becoming pale, convex, then flattened or de- 
 pressed, polished, viscid. St. 4-7 x 1-5-2 cm., white, becoming 
 cinereous, firm, equal, sometimes enlarged at the base, slightly re- 
 ticulately rugose. Gills white, becoming pale, rounded behind, free, 
 broader in front, somewhat equal, fragile. Flesh white, yellowish under 
 the pellicle. Spores white, globose, 8-11 /LI, echinulate. Smell pleasant, 
 taste acrid. Cystidia conical, 55-70 x 8-10)Li. Beech, and coniferous 
 woods. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 B, B. B. 30
 
 466 RUSSULA 
 
 var. claro-flava (Grove) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1198, t. 1196. 
 
 Clarus, bright ;flavus, yellow. 
 
 Differs from the type in the bright chrome-yellow pileus, and in the 
 gills becoming pale lemon-yellow. Amongst grass in damp places. 
 
 var. granulosa (Cke.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 1026, t. 1038. 
 
 Granulosa, mealy. 
 
 Differs from the type in the cuticle of the pileus and stem breaking 
 up into minute granules, which are snow-white at the apex of the stem, 
 fuscousbelow. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1526. R. fellea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 173, fig. 2. Fellea, full of gall. 
 Entirely straw-colour. P. 3-9 cm., often with a deeper yellowish tinge, 
 
 disc darker, thinly fleshy, convex, then plane, viscid; margin striate 
 when old. St. 5-6 x 1-2-5 cm., equal. Gills exuding watery drops, then 
 spotted with yellow, adnate, crowded, thin, narrow, forked, obsoletely 
 connected by veins. Flesh whitish, then concolorous with the gills. 
 Spores very pale ochraceous, globose, 8/x,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. 
 Cystidia conical, 55-65 x 7-9/A. Taste very acrid and bitter. Beech 
 woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1527. R. subfoetens W. G. Smith. Cke. Illus. no. 1016, t. 1047. 
 
 Sub, some what ;foetens, stinking. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., yellowish white, then ochraceous, especially on the disc, 
 firm, rigid, convex, then plane or depressed, viscid; margin thin, 
 translucid, tuberculately sulcate. St. 5-6 x 1-2-5 cm., white, becoming 
 tinged with yellow, subequal, or attenuated at the base, firm. Gills 
 white, becoming yellow, adnate, thick, distant, narrow, branched. 
 Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 /A, echinulate. Smell 
 somewhat disagreeable, taste slightly acrid. Grassy places, and on 
 lawns under beeches. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 V. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, more or less separable, possessing 
 numerous cystidia, purplish. Margin straight, acute, somewhat 
 striate. Gills more or less unequal and forked, generally narrow 
 and acutely attenuated in front, often adnate. Flesh firm. Taste 
 acrid. Spores white cream, or ochraceous yellow in mass. 
 
 1528. R. sanguinea (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 981, t. 1019. 
 
 Sanguinea, bloody. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., blood-red, or becoming pale round the spreading acute 
 margin, fleshy, firm, convex, obtuse, then depressed and infundibuli- 
 form, disc generally gibbous, polished, moist in damp weather. St. 
 410 x 1-2 cm., reddish, rarely white, at first contracted at the apex, 
 then equal, firm, wrinkled striate, pruinose. Gills white, then cream 
 colour, decurrent, rarely forked, crowded, narrow, connected by veins,
 
 RUSSULA 467 
 
 fragile. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle, cheesy. Spores pale 
 ochraceous, subglobose, 6-7 x Q/JL, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 conical, 55-65 x 10-12/x. Taste acrid. Woods especially pine. Aug. 
 Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1529. R. rosacea (Pers.) Fr. Rosacea, rosy. 
 P. 4-10 cm., rosy flesh colour, varying in intensity, becoming whitish, 
 
 variegated with darker spots when dry, convex, then plane and um- 
 bilicate, or flexuose and incised, often irregular, compactly fleshy, 
 firm, viscid', margin acute. St. 4-5 x 2 cm., white, or reddish, equal, 
 or attenuated at the base, occasionally ventricose, pruinose. Gills 
 white, often coloured reddish on the edge near the margin of the pileus, 
 adnate, fairly broad, forked, edge unequal. Flesh white, reddish under 
 the pellicle, cheesy. Spores white, globose, 8/n, echinulate, 1-guttulate. 
 Taste acrid. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1530. R. drimeia Cke. (= Russula expallens Gill.) Cke. Illus. no. 988, 
 t. 1023. Spifj,vs, pungent. 
 
 P. 5-11 cm., bright purple to dark rose colour, becoming decoloured 
 with age, convex, then expanded and more or less depressed, scarcely 
 viscid when moist, opaque when dry, compact, firm; margin incurved, 
 slightly striate when old. St. 5-10 x 1-3 cm., tinged with purple, 
 equal, firm, sometimes rather mealy. Gills pale sulphur yellow, then 
 deeper yellow, adnexed, scarcely crowded, narrow, furcate at the base. 
 Flesh yellowish, then white, reddish under the cuticle of the p. and st. 
 Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 8-9 x 8/i, verrucose, or slightly 
 echinulate. Cystidia fusiform, 50-65 x 8-10jLt. Taste very acrid. 
 Coniferous woods. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Queletii (Fr.) Bataille. Cke. lUus. no. 1019, t. 1028. 
 
 Lucien Quelet, the eminent French mycologist. 
 Differs from the type in the white or wax coloured gills which exud 
 drops that on drying leave azure-blue-cinereous, or pallid olivaceous 
 spots. Woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1531. R. rubra (Krombh.) Bres. (non Lam. et DC.). Fung. Trid. t. 203. 
 
 Rubra, red. 
 
 P. 4-10 cm., red, rosy or whitish at the margin, fleshy, convex then 
 plane and depressed, dry, sometimes somewhat pruinose St. 3-5- 
 7 x 1-3 cm., white, often becoming somewhat cinereous with age, equal, 
 often attenuated or incrassated at the base, rugulose. Gills white, then 
 ochraceous, sinuato-adnexed, or rounded behind, crowded or some- 
 what crowded, forked, connected by veins. Flesh white, rosy under 
 the cuticle. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 8-9 x 7-8^, verrucose or 
 slightly echinulate. Cystidia clavate, 60-70 x 6-10/x,. Smell pleasant, 
 taste very acrid. Deciduous woods. Aug. Oct. Notuncommon. (v.v.) 
 
 302
 
 468 RUSSTJLA 
 
 VI. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, generally separable, possessing 
 numerous cystidia, red or purple. Margin rounded, generally striate. 
 Flesh fragile. Taste acrid. Gills generally equal, fragile, rounded 
 in front, free. Spores pure white, rarely cream- white in mass. 
 
 1532. R. fragilis (Pers.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1028, t. 1091. 
 
 Fragilis, brittle. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., flesh colour, or red, changing colour, convex, often um- 
 bonate, then plane and depressed, very thin, fleshy only at the disc, 
 slightly viscid; margin very thin, tuberculoso-striate. St. 4-5 x 1 cm., 
 white, very fragile, pruinose, often slightly striate. Gills shining white, 
 slightly adnexed, very thin, crowded, ventricose, all equal. Flesh white. 
 Spores white, subglobose, 7-9 x 7-8/j,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cys- 
 tidia "sparse, with a short lanceolate point, 60-70 x 10-12/i" Rick. 
 Taste very acrid. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. nivea (Pers.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1029, t. 1060, fig. B. 
 
 Nivea, snow-white. 
 
 Differs from the type in the white pileus. Woods. Aug. Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. fallax (Schaeff.) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1023, t. 1059, as Russula 
 fallax Schaeff. Fallax, deceptive. 
 
 Differs from the type in the olivaceous disc of the pileus. Woods. 
 Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1533. R. violacea Quel. (= Agaricus fragilis violascens Seer.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 1029, t. 1060, fig. A, as Russula fragilis Fr. var. 
 violacea Quel. Violacea, violet. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., bright violet, with a narrow whitish margin, often spotted 
 with yellow, green, or olive, convex, then plane and depressed, thin, 
 viscid, striate. St. 3-4 x -51 cm., white, fragile, striate, pruinose. 
 Gills white, adnate, crowded, thin. Flesh white. Spores pale straw in 
 the mass, globose, 8-9/Lt, verrucose. Smell "of laudanum" Quel. Taste 
 very acrid. Woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1534. R. emetica (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1021, t. 1030. 
 
 efierifcrj, provoking sickness. 
 
 P. 4-10 cm., rosy, then blood colour, tawny when old, sometimes be- 
 coming yellow, and at length white, campanulate, then flattened, or 
 depressed, polished, sometimes rugulose ; margin at length tubercularly 
 sulcate. St. 3-7 x 1-1-5 cm., white, or reddish, rigid. Gills shining 
 white, free, or adnate, broad, subdistant. Flesh white, reddish under 
 the separable pellicle. Spores white, globose, 8/x,, echinulate, 1-guttu- 
 late. Cystidia "lanceolate, 60-75 x 12-18/n, not very abundant" 
 Eick. Taste very acrid. Beech woods, and under beeches. July 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 RUSSULA 469 
 
 var. Clusii Fr. Vitt. t. 38, fig. 1, as Agaricus emeticm. 
 
 Clusius, one of the earliest illustrators of fungi. 
 Differs from the type in the gills and flesh becoming yellow. Woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1535. R. luteo-tacta Eea. (= Russula sardonia Bres. non Fr.) Bres. 
 Fung. Trid. t. 94, as Russula sardonia Fr. 
 
 Luteus, yellow; tacta, touched. 
 
 P. 4-7 cm., rosy, or blood-red, soon becoming whitish in places and 
 spotted with yellow, convex, then plane and depressed, fleshy. St. 
 4-5 x 1-1-5 cm., white, or rosy, spotted with yellow, equal, rugose. 
 Gills white, exuding watery drops in wet weather, then spotted with 
 yellow, becoming yellowish when cut or bruised, adnate, crowded, some- 
 what forked. Flesh white, tinged yellowish when cut or bruised, reddish 
 under the cuticle. Spores white, globose, 6-8 /x, echinulate, 1-guttulate. 
 Taste very acrid. Woods, and parks. Aug. Oct. Notuncommon. (v.v.) 
 
 1536. R. atropurpurea (Krombh.) Maire. (= Russula rubra Cke. non 
 Fr.; Russula depallens Cke. an Fr.?; Russula purpurea Gill.; 
 Russula Clusii Bataille, an Fr.? Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 997, 
 t. 1087. Ater, black; purpurea, purple. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., deep blood-red, almost black at the disc, and often yellowish 
 at first at the margin, hemispherical, then convexo-plane, and finally 
 depressed or infundibuliform, fleshy, firm, viscid, slightly rugosely 
 wrinkled ; margin thin, hardly striate in old age, often exceeding the 
 gills. St. 4-7 x 1-3 cm., white, unchangeable, or sometimes becoming 
 slightly stained with ochraceous brown, sometimes rosy in the middle, 
 base ochraceous, firm, somewhat equal, slightly rugoso-striate, apex 
 pruinose. Gills white, then yellowish, sinuato-free, attenuated behind, 
 broader in front, equal, rather crowded. Flesh whitish, either un- 
 changeable, or becoming slightly stained with ochraceous brown, reddish 
 purple under the cuticle. Spores pure white, subglobose, 9 x 8/x, verru- 
 cose, 1-guttulate. Smell slight, pleasant. Taste either mild, or acrid. 
 Woods, and under conifers. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. depallens (Cke.) Maire. Cke. Illus. no. 985, t. 1021. 
 
 Depallens, becoming pale. 
 
 Differs from the type in the pileus soon loosing its colour, and in 
 the stem and flesh becoming grey with age. Woods. Aug. Oct. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 VII. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, separable, possessing cystidia, 
 variously coloured. Margin rounded, generally striate. Flesh fragile. 
 Gills equal, fragile, rounded in front, free or somewhat free. Spores 
 cream ochraceous, or yellow ochraceous in the mass (rarely whitish 
 yellow in the mass but then the taste is mild, or only slightly acrid 
 when young and the pileus is never red).
 
 470 RUSSULA 
 
 *Flesh becoming black, taste mild or slightly acrid when young. 
 
 1537. R. decolorans Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1039, t. 1079. 
 
 Decolorans, discolouring. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., orange-red, then light yellow, and becoming pale, 
 spherical, then expanded and depressed, remarkably regular, fleshy, 
 viscid; margin thin, at length striate. St. 6-10 x 1-2 cm., white, be- 
 coming cinereous, cylindrical, often rugoso- striate. Gills white, then 
 yellowish, adnexed, often in pairs, thin, crowded, fragile. Flesh white, 
 becoming cinereous when broken, especially in the stem, and more or 
 less variegated with black spots when old. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 
 "11-13 x 8-9 /u," Maire, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, 
 subulate, 50-60 x 6-8 jit" Rick. Taste mild, then slightly acrid. Edible. 
 Coniferous woods, and peat bogs. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 **Flesh not becoming black, taste mild, or 
 somewhat acrid when young. 
 
 1538. R. Integra (Linn.) Bataille. Integra, entire. 
 P. 8-12 cm., bay, brown, or olivaceous, becoming pale, convex, then 
 
 plane, fleshy, firm, viscid; margin thin, becoming tuberculately striate. 
 St. 9-10 x 2-3 cm., white, clavate, or ventricose, fragile, wrinkled- 
 striate. Gills white, then mealy and ochraceous cream, free, very broad, 
 connected by veins. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous cream in mass, 
 subglobose, 8-10 x 7-9 /A, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "clavate 
 apex obtuse, 50-60 x 10-15/x" Rick. Smell pleasant, taste mild, then 
 slightly acrid. Edible. Coniferous woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1539. R. Romellii Maire. (= Russula olivascens Quel. sec. Maire.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 1036, 1. 1034, no. 1037, 1. 1093, as Russula integra 
 Linn. ; no. 1038, t. 1094, as Russula integra Linn. var. alba Cke. 
 
 Lars Romell, the eminent Swedish mycologist. 
 P. 8-15 cm., reddish, purple, violet, becoming olivaceous, isabelline, 
 whitish, convex, then plane and more or less depressed, soft, fragile, 
 viscid, disc often streaked with innate fibrils; margin rounded, often 
 striate, rarely tuberculoso-striate. St. 6-9 x 1-5-2 cm., white, pruinose, 
 becoming glabrous, somewhat cylindrical, wrinkled-striate, sometimes 
 distinctly corticate. Gills white, at length light yellow, somewhat 
 ochraceous-pulverulent with the spores, free or somewhat adnate, very 
 broad, equal, somewhat distant, rarely forked, or unequal, more or 
 less connected by veins. Flesh white, rarely slightly violaceous under 
 the cuticle. Spores deep yellow ochre in the mass, yellow under the 
 microscope, elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 p, marked with anastomosing ridges 
 and spines. Cystidia often with an appendage, 60-90 x 8-10/i. Smell 
 weak, taste pleasant. Deciduous woods. June Nov. Common.
 
 RUSSULA 471 
 
 1540. R. erythropus (Fr.) Peltereau. epvdpbs, red; TTOV?, foot. 
 P. 8-16 cm., dark blood-red, disc darker, decolouring very slightly 
 
 with age, never tinted ochraceous or olivaceous, convex, then de- 
 pressed, firm, dull, unpolished; margin slightly striate when old. St. 
 6-10 x 2-3 cm., rose-red, rarely rose-red on one side only, firm, equal. 
 Gills white, then deep ochraceous, very broad, attenuated near the stem, 
 rounded near the margin of the pileus. Spores ochraceous, globose, 
 8-10 x 8-9/i, echinulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Aug. Oct. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1541. R. xerampelina (Schaefl.) Fr. (= Russula Barlae Cke. sec. 
 Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 1000, t. 1074, upper figs. 
 
 ^pa/jLTreXivo^, of the colour of withered vine leaves. 
 P. 6-12 cm., rosy purple, disc becoming pale, yellowish white, some- 
 times inclining to olivaceous, convex, then flattened, at length de- 
 pressed, fleshy, compact, without a distinct pellicle, slightly viscid at 
 first, then very slightly rimulose, so that the cuticle under a lens is very 
 thinly granular or punctate; margin spreading. St. 48 x 1-5-2-5 cm., 
 white, or reddish, equal, or thickened at the base, firm. Gills whitish, 
 then yellowish, adnexed, broader in front, forked behind, somewhat 
 crowded. Flesh white, becoming brownish with age. Spores pale ochra- 
 ceous, globose, 7-9 /A, echinulate. Cystidia obtusely conical, 68-78 x 
 10-12/x. Smell strong, when old like crab. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. 
 July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1542. R. cutifracta Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 992, t. 1024. 
 
 Cutis, skin;/roca, broken. 
 
 P. 7-12 cm., purple, green, or dull red, convex, then a little de- 
 pressed in the centre, fleshy, firm, dry, pulverulent, dull, viscid in wet 
 weather, opaque, cuticle sometimes cracking from the margin inwards 
 into minute firmly adnate areolae. St. 6-8 x 2-5 cm., white, often 
 slightly tinged with purple or rose on one side, nearly equal, or a little 
 attenuated above, firm. Gills white, then cream, adnexed, or nearly 
 free, narrowed behind, furcate, somewhat crowded, often tinted yellow 
 on the cracks at the edge. Flesh white, tinged with purple under the 
 cuticle. Spores ochraceous, globose, 10/u,, marked with anastomosing 
 ridges and spines. Taste mild. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1543. R. grisea (Pers.) Bres. (= Russula palumbina Quel.) Trans. 
 Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 13. Grisea, grey. 
 
 P. 6-9 cm., greyish lilac, or bluish grey, mixed with rose, yellow, or 
 olive, then becoming greenish, convex, then expanded and depressed, 
 fleshy, fragile, slightly viscid, shining when dry. St. 8-10 x 2-3 cm., 
 white, fragile, rugoso-striate. Gills cream colour, with a tint of apricot 
 fiesh colour, adnate, sometimes forked, broadest towards the margin.
 
 472 BUSSULA 
 
 Flesh white, lilac beneath the thin, separable pellicle. Spores ochra- 
 ceous, elliptical, 8 x 7/x, echinulate. Taste mild, slightly acrid in the 
 gills of young specimens. Cystidia "lanceolate, 60-90 x 10-15^i" 
 Rick. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Sept. Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1544. R. graminicolor (Seer.) Quel. (= Russula aeruginea (Lindb.) 
 Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 173, fig. 3, as Russula aeruginea Lindb. 
 
 Gramen, grass; color, colour. 
 
 P. 5-14 cm., aeruginous-green, disc darker, slightly brownish bistre, 
 convex, then plane and depressed, fleshy, fragile, pellicle separable ; 
 margin paler, striate. St. 5-12 x 2-5-4 cm., white, firm, equal, or 
 attenuated at the base, rugose. Gills white, then cream, sometimes 
 spotted with brown when old, slightly adnexed, attenuated behind, 
 broad in front, often connate two by two at the base. Flesh white, 
 fragile. Spores cream colour in the mass, elliptical, 5-8 x 6- 7/n, echinu- 
 late. Cystidia "abundant, lanceolate, 69-95 x 8-12/z, granular in 
 the upper part" Rick. Taste acrid when young, then only in the 
 gills when old. Under birches, and in pine woods. May Oct. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1545. R. chamaeleontina Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1054, t. 1098. 
 
 ^afjLai\ea)v, the chameleon. 
 
 P. 2-5 4 cm., flesh colour, rosy blood-red, purplish lilac, then soon 
 changing colour, becoming yellow at the disc, and at length wholly yelloir, 
 soon plane, thinly fleshy, viscid, pellicle separable; margin slightly 
 striate when old. St. 2-6 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, equal, pruinose, 
 slightly striate, fragile. Gills light yellow, then darker yellow, more or 
 less adnexed, thin, crowded, equal. Flesh white, fragile. Spores ochra- 
 ceous, globose, 6-7 jit, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subu- 
 late, 50-60 x 8-10/4 " Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and downs. 
 Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1546. R. roseipes (Seer.) Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 40. 
 
 Rosens, rosy; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 4-7 cm., rosy flesh colour, rosy orange, or rosy with a tinge of ochre, 
 at first with whitish spots, at length blanched, convex, then plane 
 and depressed, fleshy, viscid, soon dry; margin thin, becoming some- 
 what tuberculosely striate. St. 3-6 cm. x 8-15 mm., white, either en- 
 tirely or here and there sprinkled with rosy meal, equal. Gills whitish, 
 then ochraceous egg-yellow, edge often rosy, free, rounded and furcate 
 behind, equal, or a few dimidiate, rather crowded, sometimes with 
 an adnate tooth, ventricose, connected by veins. Flesh whitish, then 
 becoming yellowish. Spores ochraceous, globose, 8-10/i, echinulate. 
 Cystidia fusiform, 60 x 8/u,. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible 
 Beech, and pine woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon.
 
 RUSSTJLA 473 
 
 ***Flesh not becoming black, taste distinctly acrid. 
 
 1547. R. veternosa Fr. Bres. Fung, manger, t. 75. 
 
 Veternosa, languid. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., rose, or flesh colour, soon becoming pale, commonly 
 whitish or yellowish at the disc, convex, then plane and depressed in 
 the middle, slightly fleshy, viscid, pellicle adnate. St. 5-8 cm. x 
 12 mm., white, often tinged with rose towards the base, fragile, equal. 
 Gills white, then bright yellow, adnate, narrowed behind, broader in 
 front. Flesh white, soft. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 p, 
 echinulate. Cystidia "lanceolate, 45-70 x 9-15/n, shorter on the 
 edge of the gill" Rick. Taste acrid. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1548. R. nauseosa (Pers.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 129. 
 
 Nauseosa, nauseous. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., variable in colour, typically purplish at the disc, then 
 livid, but becoming pale and often whitish, piano-gibbous, then de- 
 pressed, viscid, laxly fleshy; margin submembranaceous, tuberculoso- 
 sulcate. St. 2-3 cm. x 8 mm., white, becoming grey with age, fragile, 
 slightly striate. Gills light yellow, then dingy ochraceous, adnexed, 
 ventricose, somewhat distant. Flesh white. Spores yellow, subglobose, 
 7-10)Lt, verrucosely echinulate. Cystidia "fusiform, 50-55 x 10/z" 
 Bres. Smell often unpleasant, taste mild, then acrid. Coniferous 
 woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 var.flavida Cke. = Russula lutea (Huds.) Fr. 
 
 1549. R. puellaris Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 64. Puellaris, girlish. 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., livid purplish, becoming yellowish, disc brown, conic- 
 ally convex, then flattened or depressed, membranaceous except 
 at the disc, viscid, margin tuberculosely-striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 7- 
 10 mm., white, becoming yellowish, and stained brownish when touched, 
 attenuated upwards, rugulose. Gills white, then pallid yellow, adnate, 
 attenuated behind, thin, crowded. Flesh white, ochraceous at the base 
 of the stem. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 8-10 x 7-8 /z, echinulate, 
 1-guttulate. Cystidia abundant, conical, 50-65 x 9-11/n. Taste mild, 
 then slightly acrid. Woods, and damp places. Aug. Oct. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. intensior Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1047, t. 1066. Intensior, deeper. 
 Differs from the type in the darker, deep purple p., nearly black at 
 the disc. 
 
 1550. R. nitida (Pers.) Fr. (= Russula nitida Fr. var. cuprea Cke.) 
 Krombh. t. 66, figs. 1-3. Nitida, shining. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., bay-brown-purplish, disc darker, convex, then plane or 
 slightly depressed, thin, viscid, shining when dry; margin striate,
 
 474 RUSSULA 
 
 somewhat tubercular. St. 5-7-5 x 1 cm., white, equal, or attenuated 
 downwards, rigid, minutely wrinkled, pruinose. Gills pallid, then 
 bright sulphur-yellow, adnexed, thin, crowded, equal. Flesh white. 
 Spores ochraceous, elliptical or globose, 7-9 x 7 jit, echinulate, 1- 
 guttulate. Cystidia conical, 60-70 x 10-12^. Smell none, or some- 
 what unpleasant. Taste mild, then acrid. Woods. July Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. pulchralis (Britz.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1044, t. 1095, fig. A, as 
 
 Russula pulchralis Britz. Pulchralis, beautiful. 
 
 P. 4^8 cm., ochraceous, centre spotted with red or purple, convex, 
 
 then flattened and depressed, thin, viscid ; margin thin, deeply striate 
 
 and often split. St. 5-6 x 1-2 cm., white, fragile, equal, ventricose, 
 
 or thickened at the base. Gills whitish, then ochraceous yellow, broad, 
 
 distant, rather thick. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 9 x 
 
 8fji, echinulate. Taste mild. Woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1551. R. maculata Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. Fr. (1877), t. 5, fig. 8. 
 
 Maculata, spotted. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., pale reddish flesh colour, then decoloured yellow or ivory 
 white, spotted with purple or brown, convex, then plane, thick, firm, 
 viscid; margin undulate, generally remaining red. St. 3-4 x 1-1-5 cm., 
 white, rarely tinged with rose, at last spotted with red or bistre, firm, 
 polished, reticulately striate. Gills pale sulphur, then yellow apricot or 
 pink, attenuato-adnate, forked. Flesh white, fragile. Spores citron- 
 yellow, subglobose, 10/t, echinulate. Smell pleasant, like apple, or 
 sweet-briar. Taste mild, then acrid. Edible. Woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1552. R. ochracea (A. & S.) Fr. Richon et Roze, t. 43, figs. 17-20. 
 
 0)^/309, pale yellow. 
 
 P. 6-7 cm., ochraceous, with a tinge of yellow, disc usually becoming 
 darker, convex, then plane or depressed, soft, viscid; margin thin, 
 sulcate. St. 3-4 x 1-1-5 cm., ochraceous, rarely white, equal, or thick- 
 ened at the base, striate. Gills concolorous, slightly adnexed, broad, 
 scarcely crowded. Flesh ochraceous. Spores ochraceous, globose, 
 9-lOjit, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "cylindrical, 50-60 x 7-8 /it, 
 rounded above" Rick. Taste mild, or slightly acrid. Pine, and mixed 
 woods. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 VIII. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, separable, destitute of cystidia. 
 
 Margin rounded, generally striate. Flesh fragile. Taste mild, rarely 
 
 acrid. Gills equal, or subequal, rounded in front, somewhat free. 
 
 Spores whitish cream to yellow ochre, rarely pure white. 
 
 1553. R. alutacea (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1048, t. 1096. 
 
 Alutacea, like tanned leather. 
 P. 5-18 cm., purple, or blood-red, tinted with olive, green, or bistre,
 
 RUSSULA 475 
 
 sometimes entirely olivaceous, convex, then plane or depressed, fleshy, 
 rigid, slightly viscid, pellicle separable, soon dry; margin thin, at 
 length tuberculosely striate. St. 5-12 x 2-5 cm., white, generally reddish 
 at the apex or on one side, sometimes yellowish at the base, firm, equal. 
 Gills pallid light yellow, soon becoming ochraceous egg-yellow, at first 
 free, thick, very broad, equal, somewhat distant. Flesh white, firm, 
 becoming soft with age. Spores deep ochre yellow in the mass, yellow 
 under the microscope, subglobose, 10 x Qfj,, verrucose, 1-guttulate. 
 Cystidia "sparse, cylindrical-fusiform, 60-75 x 8-10 ja" Rick. Taste 
 pleasant, nutty. Edible. Woods, especially beech. July Oct. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. purpurata Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 96. 
 
 Purpurata, clad in purple. 
 
 Differs from the type in the light purple p. and st. Coniferous woods. 
 Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. olivascens (Fr.) Rea. Fr. Icon. t. 172, fig. 2, as Russula olivascens 
 Pers. Olivascens, becoming olive coloured. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., olivaceous, becoming yellowish at the disc, convex, then 
 expanded and umbilicate, fleshy, rigid. St. 3-7 x 1-5-2 cm., white, 
 firm, equal. Gills cream colour, then yellowish, slightly adnexed, nar- 
 rowed behind, broader in front, nearly equal, rarely forked. Flesh 
 white. Spores deep ochraceous, globose, 9-10/x, echinulate. Taste mild, 
 then slightly acrid. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1554. R. aurata (With.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1041, t. 1080. 
 
 Aurata, golden. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., varying lemon-yellow, orange or red, disc darker, convex, 
 then plane, or depressed, fleshy, rigid, viscid in wet weather; margin 
 thin, slightly striate when old. St. 5-9 x 1-5 cm., white, tinged with 
 lemon yellow especially towards the base, equal, or attenuated down- 
 wards, firm, obsoletely striate. Gills whitish, inclining to light yellow, 
 vivid lemon-yellow at the edge, rounded, free, equal, connected by veins, 
 sometimes forked behind. Flesh lemon-yeilow under the separable 
 pellicle, yellowish, then white below. Spores ochraceous, globose, 8-9 p, 
 marked with ridges and spines, 1-guttulate. Cystidia on edge of gill 
 abundant, cylindrical-fusiform, 55-70 x 8-12/*, apex obtuse, contents 
 yellowish. Smell pleasant. Taste mild, or very slowly acrid. Edible. 
 Woods. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1555. R. fusca Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 1000, t. 1074, bottom fig., as 
 Russula xerampelina Schaeff. Fusca, dark. 
 
 P. 6-8 cm., ochraceous brown, speckled, darker at the disc, convex, 
 then infundibuliform, fleshy, viscid. St. 4-6 x 2 cm., milk-white, 
 rigid, at length slightly wrinkled. Gills milk-white, then ochraceous
 
 476 RTJSSULA 
 
 cream, or yellow wax colour, sinuate, adnate by a tooth, forked, con- 
 nected by veins. Flesh white-cream, firm. Spores white-cream colour 
 in the mass, elliptical, 9/x,. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Coni- 
 ferous woods, and under conifers. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1556. R. vesca Fr. (= Russula rosea (Schaeff.) Quel.) Sverig. atl. 
 Svamp. t. 63. Vescor, I feed. 
 
 P. 2-11 cm., red flesh colour, disc darker, fleshy, firm, convex, then 
 piano-depressed, slightly wrinkled with veins, viscid ; margin at length 
 spreading. St. 2-8 x 1-3 cm., shining white, often foxed with age, 
 equal, often attenuated downwards, rugosely striate. Gills whitish, 
 adnate, rather narrow, thin, crowded, connected by veins. Flesh white, 
 foxing when cut or bruised. Spores white, globose, 8 9//,, echinulate. 
 Cystidia flask-shaped, apex elongate, obtuse, 2'5-3/z in diam., 
 35-60 x 8-10/i. Smell none, or unpleasant like crab. Taste mild. 
 Edible. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Duportii (Phill.) Massee. Cke. lUus. no. 1003, t. 1042, fig. A, as 
 Russula Duportii Phill. 
 
 Rev. Canon J. M. Du Port, an enthusiastic mycologist. 
 P. 4-6-5 cm., disc rufous or flesh red, obtuse margin bluish, compact, 
 fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, then depressed, dry. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 
 10-16 mm., white, minutely striate. Gills white, rounded behind, 
 broad, distant. Flesh turning reddish brown when cut. Spores white, 
 globose, 9ju,, echinulate. Smell of crab. Woods. Sept. 
 
 1557. R. Barlae Quel. 1 Quel. As. Fr. (1883), t. 6, fig. 12. 
 
 J. B. Barla, the eminent mycologist of Nice. 
 P. 6-9 cm., yellow apricot, or bright nankeen yellow, tinged with orange 
 passing into rosy flesh colour, convex, then plane, or infundibuliform, 
 compact, slightly viscid, cuticle separable, often cracked. St. 4-5 x 
 1-1-5 cm., cream colour, then streaked with bistre, firm, wrinkled striate, 
 silky pruinose. Gills cream colour, then saffron yellow with a tinge of 
 rosy flesh colour, sinuate, free. Flesh white. Spores cream colour, 
 globose, 9/n, verrucose. Smell pleasant, like melilot ("mousse de 
 Corse" Barla). Mountainous woods. Summer. 
 
 1558. R. punctata (Gill.) Maire. (= Russula amoena Quel. sec. Maire; 
 Russula punctata Gill. var. leucopus Cke.) Gillot et Lucand, 
 Catal. Champ. Autan, t. 2, fig. 3, as Russula amoena Quel. 
 
 Punctata, dotted. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., rose, purple, purple-violaceous, lilac, often more or less 
 mixed with olive green or yellowish green, sometimes entirely greenish 
 olive, yellowish green, or yellow citron colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, 
 
 1 This is recorded as British by M. C. Cooke in Handbook?of British Fungi, 
 Ed. n, p. 335, but his diagnosis is referred by Rene Maire in Bull. Soc. Myc. 
 Fr. xxvn (1910), 172 to Russula xerampelina Fr.
 
 RUSSULA 477 
 
 sometimes slightly depressed, either viscid, or dry, granularly mealy, 
 often punctate with deeper coloured granules ; margin sometimes some- 
 what sulcate when old. St. 3-5 x -5-1-5 cm., rose, purple, purple- 
 violaceous, often partially or quite white, equal, or obconic, pruinosely 
 mealy, sometimes rugosely stria te. Gills whitish cream, tJien cream 
 colour, adnate, or subadnate, edge sometimes purple, or purplish- 
 violaceous andfloccose, either throughout its length or near the margin 
 of the pileus only, thin, crowded, often forked at the base. Flesh 
 white, sometimes reddish near the cuticle of the pileus. Spores whitish 
 cream in the mass, somewhat hyaline under the microscope, elliptical, 
 7-5-9 x 7-8/z, verrucose, subreticulate. Gystidia rather rare, fusi- 
 form, or subclavate, sometimes with a short and broad appendage 
 at the apex, 90-130 x 13-15/u. Smell slight, or very pleasant. Taste 
 mild. Edible. Coniferous woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. violeipes (Quel.) Maire. Quel. Ass. Fr. (1897), 450, pro forma 
 
 R. citrinae. Violeus, violet; pes, foot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the citron yellow p. sometimes tinted lilac, 
 
 and the lilac, or white tinged with lilac stem. Coniferous woods. Sept. 
 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1559. R. carnicolor Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 128, as Russula lilacea 
 Quel. var. carnicolor Bres. Caro, flesh; color, colour. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., flesh colour, disc fuscous livid, then concolorous, fleshy, 
 convex, then plane and depressed, viscid; margin at length slightly 
 tuberculately striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, base sometimes 
 rosy, equal, subpruinose, somewhat rugulose. Gills shining white, 
 rounded behind, adnexed, forked, somewhat distant. Flesh white. 
 Spores white, subglobose, 6-8/x, echinulate. Smell and taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1560. R. mustelina Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 976, 1. 1018. 
 
 Mustelina, pertaining to a weasel. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., bright brown, or dingy yellowish, convex, then plane 
 and depressed, fleshy, firm, dry; margin at first incurved, minutely 
 tomentose, then straight. St. 4-6 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white, equal, some- 
 what rugose. Gills white, then cream colour, rounded behind, adnexed, 
 broad in front, connected by veins. Flesh white, ochraceous at the 
 margin. Spores ochraceous cream in the mass, hyaline under the 
 microscope, subglobose, 7-8/u,, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1561. R. caerulea Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 987, t. 1052. 
 
 Caerulea, azure-blue. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., bright purple, or bluish purple, darker or sometimes 
 brownish at the umbonate disc, convex, then expanded, or somewhat
 
 478 RUSSULA. LACTARIUS 
 
 depressed, umbonate, polished ; margin thin, at length slightly striate 
 with age. St. 5-11 x 12-5 cm., white, equal, firm. Gills yellowish, 
 adnate, equal, rounded at the apex. Flesh white, brownish, or pur- 
 plish under the cuticle. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 9-lOju, echinu- 
 late. Taste mild. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Aug. Oct. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1562. R. lutea (Huds.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1051, t. 1082. 
 
 Lutea, golden yellow. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., yellow, at length becoming pale, and occasionally wholly 
 white, convex, then plane, or piano-depressed, thin, viscid; margin 
 sometimes obsoletely striate when old. St. 2-4 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, 
 equal, fragile. Gills ochraceous egg-yellow, somewhat free, connected 
 by veins, crowded, equal, thin. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous, globose, 
 8-9 p., echinulate. Cystidia "clavate, 45-50 x 10-12/z, with a blunt 
 apex" Rick. Smell pleasant, like apricots. Taste mild. Edible. 
 Woods, and lawns. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. armeniaca (Cke.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 1045, t. 1064, as Russula 
 armeniaca Cke. 
 
 Armeniaca, of Armenia, the native country of the apricot. 
 Differs from the type only in the rich apricot colour of the pileus. 
 Woods, and lawns. July Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. vitellina (Pers.) Bataille. Cke. Illus. no. 1052, t. 1102, fig. B, as 
 
 Russula vitellina (Pers.) Fr. Vitellina, egg-yellow. 
 
 Differs from the type in the egg-yellow colour, and tuberculately 
 
 striate margin of the pileus, the distant, saffron yellow gills, and the 
 
 strong unpleasant smell. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Aug. 
 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 R. Turci Bres. 1 
 
 Latex milk-white, or coloured, rarely like serum. 
 
 Lactarius Fr. 
 
 (Lac, milk.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, rarely excentric, fleshy. Gills 
 adnate, or decurrent, somewhat rigid, milky, acute at the edge. 
 Spores white, or yellowish, rarely pinkish in the mass; globose, sub- 
 globose, or elliptical, echinulate, verrucose, punctate, or reticulate; 
 continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, 
 more rarely on wood; solitary, or caespitose. 
 
 1 Bres. refers Cke.'s Illus. no. 1199, t. 1147, Russula nauseosa Fr. to this 
 species. There is no other British record of its occurrence.
 
 LACTARIUS 479 
 
 I. St. central. Gills unchangeable, naked, not changing colour and 
 
 not pruinose. Milk at the first white, (commonly) acrid. 
 *P. viscid when moist, margin at first involute, tomentose. 
 
 1563. L. scrobiculatus (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 922, t. 971. 
 
 Scrobiculatus, pitted. 
 
 P. 10-30 cm., yellow, becoming pale, zoned, or zoneless, convex, um- 
 bilicate, at length infundibuliform, very viscid when moist, covered 
 with agglutinated down; margin bearded when young. St. 4r-8 x 
 2-5-5 cm., light yellow, pitted with darker yellow broad roundish spots, 
 incrassated upwards, somewhat viscid, base pubescent. Gills whitish, 
 or flesh colour, decurrent, crowded, thin. Flesh whitish, becoming 
 yellow when broken. Milk white, soon sulphur-yellow when exposed to 
 the air. Spores light yellow, subglobose, 9 x 7-8 /A, echinulate, 1- 
 guttulate. Taste very acrid. Under birches, and in coniferous woods- 
 Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1564. L. torminosus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 923, t. 972. 
 
 Torminosus, griping. 
 
 P. 4-12 cm., pallid flesh colour, or strawberry colour, sometimes pale 
 ochraceous, or white, convex, then depressed, at length infundibuli- 
 form, viscid when moist, zoned; margin white fibrillosely bearded. St. 
 6-9 x 1-5-2-5 cm., pale flesh colour, equal or attenuated downwards, 
 sometimes pitted, delicately tomentose, then smooth. Gills paler than 
 the pileus, adnato-decurrent, thin. Flesh pallid. Milk white, acrid. 
 Spores white, subglobose, 8-9 x 7/z, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 "sparse, subulate, 50-60 x Sfi" Rick. Mixed woods, and heaths. 
 Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1565. L. cilicioides Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 924, t. 973. 
 
 KtXiKiov, goat's-hair cloth; etSo?, like. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., flesh colour inclining to fuscous, convex, then flattened 
 and depressed in the centre, viscid, tomentose, margin white flbrillosely 
 woolly. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5 cm., pale flesh colour, becoming yellowish, 
 equal, pruinato-silky under a lens. Gills white, becoming yellowish, 
 decurrent, crowded, branched. Flesh white, then yellow. Milk white, 
 or light yellow, acrid. Spores elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /A, minutely echinu- 
 late. Cystidia "subulate-lanceolate, 30-40 x 7-9 /A" Rick. Pine 
 woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. intermedius (Krombh.) B. & Br. Krombh. t. 58, figs. 11-13. 
 
 Intermedius, intermediate. 
 
 P. 10-14 cm., ochraceous yellow, infundibuliform, viscid, margin 
 tomentose. St. 3-5 x 2 cm., yellowish, becoming tinged with rufous, 
 covered with spot-like depressions. Gills lurid whitish, subdecurrent, 
 broad. Flesh white, then yellowish. Milk white, then yellowish, acrid.
 
 480 LACTARIUS 
 
 Spores elliptical, 810 x 6 8ju,, minutely echinulate, 1-guttulate. 
 Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1566. L. lateritioroseus Karst. Lateritius, brick-red; roseus, rosy. 
 P. 6-9 cm., flesh colour, or 'brick-red with a rosy tinge, becoming pale, 
 
 convexo-umbilicate, then depressed and somewhat infundibuliform, 
 wavy, often unequal, disc broken up into minute granule-like squamules, 
 scales larger towards the margin and eventually disappearing. St. 
 6-8 x 1-5 cm., concolorous, or paler, unequal, incrassated at the base, 
 curved, or flexuose, very slightly flocculose. Gills pinkish, becoming 
 yellowish, decurrent, rather distant, often furcate and connected by 
 veins. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, subglobose, 8-9 x 6-8ju, 
 echinulate, 1-guttulate. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1567. L. turpis (Weimn.) Fr. (= Lactarius plumbeus (Bull.) Quel. ; 
 Lactarius necator (Pers.) Schroet.) Cke. Illus. no. 925, t. 987. 
 
 Turpis, ugly. 
 
 P. 6-30 cm., olivaceous inclining to umber, sometimes tawny towards 
 the margin, at length entirely inclining to umber, convex, then plane, 
 disc-shaped, or umbilicate, at length depressed, sometimes somewhat 
 zoned, tomentose, viscid; margin at first villose, olivaceous light yellow, 
 at length densely rivuloso-sulcate. St. 4-8 x 1-2-5 cm., pallid, or 
 dark olivaceous, apex ochraceous whitish, equal, or attenuated down- 
 wards, often viscid and pitted. Gills white straw colour, spotted fus- 
 cous when broken or bruised, adnato-decurrent, much crowded, 
 forked. Flesh white. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, globose, 
 6-7 /A, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "subulate, 60-75 x 6-8 /A" 
 Rick. Edible. Woods, heaths, and roadsides, especially under birches. 
 Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1568. L. controversus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 926, t. 1003. 
 
 Contra, over against; versus, turned. 
 
 P. 6-30 cm., whitish, becoming reddish with blood-coloured spots and 
 zones especially towards the margin, convex, broadly umbilicate, 
 then somewhat infundibuliform, oblique, viscid in wet weather; margin 
 acute, involute, more or less villose. St. 2-6 x 2-4 cm., white becoming 
 concolorous, attenuated downwards, apex pruinose. Gills pallid-white- 
 flesh-colour, decurrent, thin, very crowded. Flesh pallid, reddish 
 under the cuticle. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, or tinged rosy, 
 subglobose, 8 x 6-7 /i, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste 
 acrid. Woods, and pastures, especially under poplars. Aug. Nov. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1569. L. pubescens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 927, t. 974. 
 
 Pubescens, becoming pubescent. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm., whitish, passing into flesh colour, rather plane, depressed 
 in the centre, then broadly infundibuliform, shining; margin flbrilloso-
 
 LACTARIUS 481 
 
 pubescent. St. 2-4 x 1-2 cm., flesh colour, then white, attenuated 
 downwards, often compressed, pruinato-pubescent when young. 
 Gills pallid, slightly flesh-coloured, adnate, or slightly decurrent, 
 crowded, narrower than the flesh of the pileus. Flesh white, pinkish 
 under the cuticle. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, globose, 7-8/z, 
 echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste very acrid. Woods, heaths, and pas- 
 tures, especially under birches. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1570. L. aspideus Fr. (= Lactarius uvidus Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 ao-Tri?, a round shield; e'So?, like. 
 
 Entirely straw-colour, sometimes tinged with lilac. P. 5-10 cm., con- 
 vex, then slightly depressed, viscid; margin incurved, tomentose and 
 white, becoming smooth. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., equal, viscid. Gills adnate. 
 Flesh white, then lilac. Milk white, then lilac, acrid ("sweet" W. G. 
 Sm. and Massee). Spores white, subglobose, 10 x 9/i, verrucose. 
 Taste acrid. Damp meadows, and moist places. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 **P. viscid when moist, pelliculose, margin naked. 
 
 1571. L. insulsus Fr. (= Lactarius zonarius (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 929, t. 975. Insulsus, insipid. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., yellowish-brick-colour, zoned, deeply umbilicate, at 
 length infundibuliform, pellicle somewhat separable, viscid. St. 
 4 x 2-5, rarely 7-8 x 1-5 cm., white, becoming pallid, often pitted- 
 spotted. Gills whitish, becoming pale and tinged with flesh colour, de- 
 current, very crowded, for ked, often crisped and anastomosing. Flesh 
 pallid, somewhat zoned under the pellicle. Milk white, acrid. Spores 
 yellow, subglobose, 10 x 8p,, echinulate. Cystidia none. Smell 
 pleasant, taste acrid. Mixed woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 1572. L. zonarius (Bull.) Fr. (= Lactarius insulsus Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Zonarius, zoned. 
 
 P. 510 cm., pallid orange, or pale yellowish to deeper yellow, convex, 
 becoming plane then depressed, somewhat umbilicate, pellicle adnate, 
 viscid, beautifully zoned most frequently towards the margin, at 
 length minutely ruguloso-flocculose at first only at the circum- 
 ference margin thin, long involute, naked. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., 
 equal, or 2-5 x 1 cm. attenuated downwards, white, then yellowish, 
 pale upwards, firm, elastic. Gills whitish, at length dingy yellowish, 
 becoming dingy or even somewhat aeruginous when bruised, rounded- 
 adnate, or adnato-decurrent, arcuate, thin, narrow, somewhat 
 crowded. Flesh white, compact. Milk white, acrid. Spores whitish, 
 globose, 9 x 8/1,, echinulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate" Rick. 
 Smell strong, taste very acrid. Woods, and grassy places. Aug. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 B. B. B. 31
 
 482 LACTARIUS 
 
 1573. L. utilis (Weinm.) Fr. (= Lactarius pallidus (Pers.) Fr. sec. 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 930, t. 1084. Utilis, useful. 
 
 P. 12-20 cm., tan colour, pale dull ochre, or livid, convex, then 
 plane, obtuse, at length infundibuliform, humid, often cracked at 
 maturity. St. 5-8 x 2-5 cm., concolorous or darker, fragile, longitu- 
 dinally striate. Gills pallid, adnate, crowded. Milk white, somewhat 
 acrid. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1574. L. blennius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 931, t. 988. 
 
 /SXew/05, mucous matter. 
 
 P. 4-11 cm., pallid olivaceous or aeruginous-grey, piano-depressed, 
 glutinous, often concentrically guttate, or somewhat zoned ; margin at 
 first incurved and slightly downy, then naked. St. 4-5 x 1-1-5 cm., 
 pallid olive, or pallid grey, viscid, equal, or attenuated downwards. 
 Gills white, becoming cinereous when wounded, subdecurrent. Flesh 
 white, becoming grey. Milk white, then grey, acrid. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 8 x 6-7 fi, verrucose. Cystidia "sparse, fusiform-subulate, 
 60-75 x 8-10/a" Rick. Taste slowly acrid. Woods, especially beech. 
 Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. viridis (Schrad.) Quel. Viridis, green. 
 
 Differs from the type in its bright green slightly olivaceous pileus. 
 Beech woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1575. L. lividus Lamb. Lividus, livid. 
 P. pale livid, disc fuscescent, convex, then plane or depressed, 
 
 not distinctly zoned, viscid (?). St. livid, curved. Gills pale livid, 
 subdecurrent, crowded. Milk white, acrid. Woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1576. L. fluens Boud. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 12. Fluens, lax. 
 P. 510 cm., blackish olive, either somewhat zoned, or zoneless and 
 
 unicolorous, but always paler ochraceous towards the margin, convex, 
 scarcely flattened with age, rough, granularly punctate on the epidermis, 
 viscid, not glutinous. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., greyish ochre, becoming brown 
 when bruised, somewhat viscid, unequal, attenuated at the base. Gills 
 ochraceous, then cinereous ochraceous, adnate, or subdecurrent. Flesh 
 white, brown when bruised. Milk plentiful when wounded like Lac- 
 tarius volemus, white, then brownish, at first mild, then acrid and bitter. 
 Spores white, round or oval, 7-8 x 6/u., "10-11 x 7-8/i" Boud., 
 echinulate, netted. Sometimes caespitose. Amongst grass under 
 beeches. Sept. Oct. IJncommon. (v.v.) 
 
 1577. L. hysginus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 932, t. 989. 
 
 vo-ywov, a vegetable dye of scarlet colour. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., reddish flesh colour, or reddish brown, umbilicate, be- 
 coming plane, viscid, often zoned and spotted ; margin thin, inflexed.
 
 LACTARIUS 483 
 
 St. 3-10 x 1-5-2-5 cm., ochraceous cream, or flesh colour, here and 
 there pitted or somewhat spotted with rose, apex constricted, attenuated 
 at the base, pruinose. Gills white, then light yellow-ochraceous, adnato- 
 decurrent, thin, crowded, branched. Flesh white, then yellowish, red- 
 dish under the cuticle of the p. and st. Milk white, slowly acrid. Spores 
 pale ochre, globose, 7/x, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "subulate, 
 60-75 x 8-9 /z" Kick. Taste very acrid. Woods. Aug. Nov. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1578. L. trivialis Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 933, t. 976. Trivialis, common. 
 P. 6-17 cm., at first dark lurid, becoming pale when full grown, pallid 
 
 yellowish, tan-flesh-colour, convex, then soon depressed, at length in- 
 fundibuliform, viscid; margin involute, at length only the pellicle in- 
 flexed. St. 2-5-15 x 2-5 cm., paler than the pileus, slippery. Gills 
 whitish, becoming pale, subdecurrent, rather broad, somewhat thin, 
 crowded. Flesh white. Milk white, sometimes becoming yellow, acrid. 
 Spores ochraceous, globose, 6 8ju,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 "subulate, 60-75 x 9-1 1/z" Rick. Taste acrid. Coniferous woods, 
 and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1579. L. circellatus Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 934, t. 990. Circellatus, ringed. 
 P. 5-10 cm., rufous inclining to fuscous in wet weather, becoming 
 
 pale, variegated with darker zones, umbilicato-convex, then becoming 
 plane, depressed in the centre, often repand when older, very viscid 
 in wet weather. St. 4-5 x 1-1-5 cm., pale, equal, or attenuated at 
 the base, tough. Gills whitish then becoming yellow, subdecurrent with 
 a tooth, horizontal, very thin and crowded, narrow, often forked. Flesh 
 white, cheesy. Milk white, acrid. Spores ochraceous, globose, 7-8/z, 
 echinulate. Taste very acrid. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1580. L. uvidus Fr. (= Lactarius aspideus Fr. sec. Quel. ; Lactarius 
 fiavidus Boud. sec. Quel.; Lactarius violascens (Otto) Fr. sec. 
 Bataille.) Cke. Illus. no. 935, t. 991. Uvidus, moist. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., hoary whitish, grey flesh-colour-livid, becoming fuscous, 
 somewhat thin, convex, plane, then depressed, viscid; margin at first 
 involute, very soon almost straight. St. 4-9 cm. x 12-18 mm., 
 whitish, becoming light yellow, sometimes with yellow ferruginous spots, 
 equal, viscid, sometimes pitted. Gills shining white to dead white, 
 spotted with lilac when wounded, sometimes yellowish, or ochraceous 
 ferruginous or tinged with pallid brick colour, adnate and subde- 
 current, arcuate, thin, crowded, very unequal, here and there branched 
 and anastomosing by veins. Flesh white, lilac when broken. Milk 
 white, then lilac, acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, broadly elliptical, 
 10-12 x 8-9 fji, echinulate. Cystidia "subulate, pointed, 50-75 x6- 
 10 ju. " Rick. Smell nauseous, or aromatic, taste slowly acrid. Woods, 
 and heaths. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 312
 
 484 LACTABIUS 
 
 1581. L. flavidus Boud. (= Lactarius uvidus Fr. sec. Quel.) Trans. 
 Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 9. Flavidus, yellowish. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., pale citron, or sulphur yellow, becoming stained with 
 violet on injury or rubbing, convex, then expanded and slightly de- 
 pressed at the centre, which often remains umbonate. St. 3-8 x 
 1-2 cm., white, or yellowish, soon stained with violet on handling or 
 other injury, more or less attenuated at the base. Gills yellowish, 
 bruising violet on injury, adnato-decurrent, narrow, crowded. Flesh 
 white, becoming quickly violet on exposure to the air. Milk white, then 
 violet, acrid. Spores white, ovoid, 9-10 x 8-9 ju,, verrucose, reticulate, 
 1-guttulate. Taste mild, then acrid. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 ***P. without a pellicle, hence absolutely dry, most 
 frequently unpolished. 
 
 1582. L. flexuosus Fr. Flexuosus, full of turns. 
 P. 5-10 cm., lead-grey, or violet-grey, becoming pale, zoned, or zone- 
 less, convex, becoming plane, depressed, somewhat repand, dry, some- 
 what shining, then rivuloso-scaly, OTfloccose; margin incurved, velvety, 
 and whitish. St. 5-9 x 1-5-2-5 cm., pallid grey, apex whitish, base 
 somewhat yellowish, obese, or equally attenuated downwards, often 
 lacunose or pitted, delicately pubescent. Gills light yellowish, at length 
 becoming whitish-flesh-colour, adnate, thick, distant, branched. Flesh 
 white, cheesy, hard. Milk white, very acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, 
 globose, 6-7 jn, verrucose. Cystidia "thin, clavate, 50-80 x 7-8/z," 
 Rick. Taste very acrid. Pine, and beech woods. July Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. roseozonatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 169, fig. 3. 
 
 Rosens, rose-colour; zonatus, zoned. 
 
 Differs from the type in the rose colour, or rosy violet pileus marked 
 with darker zones. Pine woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1583. L. pyrogatas (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 937, t. 993. 
 
 Trvp, fire; 70X0, milk. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., cinereous-grey, at length becoming dingy yellow, firm, 
 convex, becoming plane, depressed, somewhat zoned, delicately grumose 
 under a lens, moist in wet weather; margin soon spreading. St. 4- 
 6 cm. x 6-12 mm., pallid white, sometimes dingy, often attenuated 
 downwards, grumoso-tubercular under a lens. Gills light yellow-wax- 
 colour, the colour rich inclining to ochraceous or flesh colour, adnato- 
 decurrent, thin, somewhat distant. Flesh white, greyish near the pileus. 
 Milk white, very acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 7 8/x, 
 echinulate. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, 45-70 x 7-8 /t, 
 obtuse" Rick. Taste very acrid. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.)
 
 LACTARIUS 485 
 
 1584. L. squalidus (Krombh.) Fr. Krombh. t. 40, figs. 23-25. 
 
 Squalidus, dirty. 
 
 P. 2-5-9 cm., pale greyish olive, or lurid, margin sprinkled with 
 saffron-yellow dots, convexo-plane, umbilicate. St. 5-8 cm. x 5- 
 10 mm., white, or concolorous, equal, firm. Gills becoming yellow, 
 narrow, adnate. Flesh white. Milk whitish, sweet. Spores white, 
 globose, 6-10ju,,echinulate. Amongst moss in damp woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1585. L. capsicum Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 26, fig. 1. 
 
 Capsicum, red pepper. 
 
 P. 510 cm., chestnut colour, darker at the closely involute margin, 
 compact, pulvinate, dry. St. 3-9 x 2-5 cm., whitish, rufous striate, 
 apex fulvous, subequal, or incrassated upwards. Gills fulvous, some- 
 what orange colour, adnato-decurrent, crowded, anastomosing at the 
 base, 3-4 mm. wide. Flesh yellow, becoming fuscous on exposure to 
 the air. Milk white, very acrid. Spores globose, 6/n, rough. Under 
 birches. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1586. L. chrysorheus Fr. (= Lactarius theiogalus (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. 
 Ulus. no. 940, t. 984. xpv<ro<;, gold; pew, I flow. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., pale yellowish flesh colour, with darker zones or spots, 
 convex, umbilicate, then infundibuliform. St. 5-7-5 x 1-2-5 cm., 
 white, equal, delicately pruinose under a lens. Gills pallid yellowish, 
 decurrent, very thin and crowded. Flesh white, bright sulphur-yellow 
 when broken. Milk white, then bright sulphur-yellow (golden), very 
 acrid. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 x 6//,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. 
 Cystidia "lanceolate, 50-60 x 8-12/x" Rick. Taste acrid. Woods, 
 especially oak. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 L. glaucescens Crossland = Lactarius piperatus (Scop.) Fr. 
 
 1587. L. acris (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 941, t. 1005. Acris, sharp. 
 P. 5-9 cm., cinereous fuliginous, sometimes darker, sometimes paler, 
 
 convex, then plane, at length obliquely infundibuliform, irregular, 
 often excentric, or emarginate on one side, firm, rigid, moist, here 
 and there spotted. St. 4-5 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, apex white, attenuated 
 downwards, often oblique, ascending, or curved. Gills pallid, then 
 yellow flesh colour, subdecurrent, thin, somewhat crowded, forked. 
 Flesh white becoming reddish on exposure to air. Milk white, soon red- 
 dish, acrid. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 8-11 /A, echinulate. Smell 
 strong, stinking, taste acrid. Woods. Aug. Nov. Rare. 
 
 1588. L. violascens (Otto) Fr. (= Lactarius uvidus Fr. sec. Bataille; 
 Lactarius uvidus Fr. var. violascens (Otto) Quel.; Lactarius 
 luridus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rick.) Violascens, becoming violet. 
 
 P. 6-8 cm., grey, or pale brown, with darker zones, convex, then 
 expanded, or more or less depressed at the disc, dry. St. 5-6 cm. x
 
 486 LACTARIUS 
 
 12-15 mm., greyish white, equal. Gills white, then lilac, slightly de- 
 current, crowded. Flesh white, thick, firm. Milk white, becoming 
 violet on exposure to the air, mild (becoming acrid?). Spores "white, 
 globose, 8-9 /it, echinulate" Sacc. Cystidia "ventricose-subulate, 
 50-70 x 8-15/x" Rick. Woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1589. L. umbrinus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 942, t. 1006. 
 
 Unibrinus, umber brown. 
 
 P. 5 7'5 cm., more or less olivaceous umber, paler and yellowish when 
 old, convex, then plane, disc slightly depressed, often wavy and ex- 
 centric, dry,flocculoso-rivulose. St. 2-5-3-5 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, or 
 paler, apex white, attenuated upwards. Gills pallid, dingy yellowish, 
 slightly decurrent, thin, crowded, forked behind, 2 mm. wide. Flesh 
 white, becoming tinged with brown on exposure to the air, firm. Milk 
 white, forming grey spots when it has escaped, acrid. Spores white, 
 globose, Sfj., rough. Cystidia none. Taste acrid. Pine woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 L. plumbeus (Bull.) Fr. = Lactarius turpis (Weinm.) Fr. 
 
 1590. L. piperatus (Scop.) Fr. (= Lactarius glaucescens Crossland.) 
 Cke. Ulus. no. 944, t. 979. Piperatus, peppery. 
 
 Entirely white. P. 5-22-5 cm., becoming yellowish with age, umbili- 
 cate, then reflexed and infundibuliform, rigid ; margin involute at first. 
 St. 3-7 x 2-5 cm., equal, or obconical, obsoletely pruinose. Gills be- 
 coming pale ochraceous, decurrent, crowded, narrow, dichotomous, edge 
 obtuse. Flesh white, then yellowish, becoming sometimes greenish grey. 
 Milk white, often becoming greenish when dry, very acrid. Spores white, 
 globose elliptical, 6-9 x 6-8 /n, minutely punctate, with a large central 
 gutta. Cystidia "clavate, or fusiform-filiform, 60-70 x 8-9/1, obtuse, 
 very sparse" Rick. Taste very acrid. Said to be edible. Woods. 
 Aug. Oct. Common some years, (v.v.) 
 
 var. pergamenus (Swartz) Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 943, t. 978. 
 
 Pergamena, parchment. 
 
 Differs from the type in the rugose wrinkled pileus, the longer thinner 
 stem, and the adnate, horizontal gills. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1591. L. veUereus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 945, t. 980. Vellus, a fleece. 
 Entirely white. P. 10-30 cm., becoming stained or spotted with yellow, 
 
 convexo-saucer-shaped, innato-pubescent, compact; margin strongly 
 incurved. St. 5-8 x 2-56 cm., becoming yellowish, equal, hard, 
 finely pubescent. Gills watery white, then pale ochraceous, adnato- 
 decurrent, arcuate, rather thick, somewhat distant, rather broad, 
 branched, edge acute. Flesh white, yellowish on exposure to the air. 
 Milk white, scanty, turning litmus paper red, very acrid. Spores white,
 
 LACTABIUS 487 
 
 subglobose, 8 x 7-8/i, minutely echinnlate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 "cylindrical, with a short point, 70-105 x 6-8 /A" Rick. Taste very 
 peppery. Said to be edible. Woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 var. velutinus Bertillon. Velutinus, velvety. 
 
 Differs from the type in the more crowded gills, in the flesh turning 
 reddish tawny on exposure to the air, and in the sweet milk only slowly 
 becoming somewhat acrid, and not turning litmus paper red. Woods. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 L. exsuccus (Otto) Fr. = Russula chloroides (Krombh.) Bres. 
 
 1592. L. scoticus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 938, t. 1004, fig. B. 
 
 Scoticus, Scotch. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, convex, then depressed, tomentose, then 
 smooth; margin involute, tomentose. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 6mm., some- 
 what flesh colour, somewhat unequal, curved. Gills whitish, very 
 slightly decurrent, thin, scarcely branched, about 2 mm. broad. Flesh 
 whitish. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8/A, apiculate, 
 minutely ecbinulate. Smell pungent, taste very acrid. Amongst moss. 
 Sept. Rare. 
 
 1593. L. involutes Soppitt. Cke. Illus. no. 1195, t. 1194. 
 
 Involutus, incurved. 
 
 Entirely white, or with a pale ochraceous tinge. P. 2-5-5 cm., convex, 
 then plane, or slightly depressed; margin strongly and persistently 
 involute, minutely silky. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., equal, or slightly 
 thickened at the base, very firm. Gills very slightly decurrent, very 
 crowded, 1 mm. broad, sometimes forked. Milk white, very acrid. 
 Spores white, pip-shaped, 5 x 3/n, smooth. Taste acrid. Woods. Sept. 
 Rare. 
 
 II. St. central. Gills naked. Milk always deeply coloured. 
 
 1594. L. delieiosus (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 947, t. 982. 
 
 Deliciosus, delicious. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., orange-brick-colour, becoming pale and stained with 
 verdigris, concentrically zoned with darker markings, convex, then 
 piano-depressed, or broadly infundibuliform, slightly viscid. St. 2- 
 8 x 22-5 cm., concolorous, or paler, often stained with verdigris, equal, 
 or attenuated at the base, fragile, often spotted in a pitted manner. 
 Gills saffron yellow, becoming stained with verdigris, subdecurrent, 
 crowded, narrow, arcuate, often branched. Flesh white, then reddish 
 and becoming verdigris. Milk red-brick-saffron, aromatic, mild, then 
 slightly acrid. Spores white, pinkish in the mass, subglobose, 8-9 x 
 7-8 /A, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, fusiform-subulate, 
 30-40 x 4-6 /A" Rick. Smell pleasant, taste slightly acrid. Edible. 
 Coniferous woods, and elsewhere under conifers. July Dec. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.)
 
 488 LACTARIUS 
 
 1595. L. sanguifluus (Paul.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 50. 
 
 Sanguis, blood ;fiuus, flowing. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., reddish tawny, spotted with darker markings, rarely 
 zoned, becoming stained with verdigris, plane, then depressed, firm, 
 slightly viscid; margin at first involute and white pruinose. St. 
 3-6 x 1-2-5 cm., rosy flesh, or blood colour, at length concolorous and 
 stained verdigris, at first equal, then dilated at the apex, and attenuated 
 at the base, pruinose, often pitted. Gills pale ochraceous, then con- 
 colorous, and finally stained verdigris, adnate, then decurrent, very 
 crowded, rather narrow, often branched. Flesh white, tinged with 
 blood-red especially near the cuticle of the stem, firm, cheesy. Milk 
 blood-red, slightly acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 8-9 x 8/u,, 
 echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 45 x 5-8 //," 
 Rick. Smell pleasant, often like Mentha piperita, taste slightly acrid. 
 Edible. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 III. St. central. Gills pallid, then changing colour, afterwards darker, 
 glancing when turned to the light, at length white pruinose. Milk 
 at the first white, mild, or mild becoming acrid. 
 *P. at the first viscid. 
 
 1596. L. paffldus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 948, t. 1007. 
 
 Pallidus, pale. 
 
 P. 615 cm.., flesh colour, or clay colour to pallid, somewhat tan, um- 
 bilicato-convex, depressed, obtuse, viscid; margin broadly and for a 
 long time involute. St. 56 x 1-5 cm., concolorous, somewhat equal. 
 Gills whitish, then concolorous, pruinose, subdecurrent, rather broad, 
 somewhat thin, crowded, somewhat branched. Flesh pallid. Milk 
 white, acrid. Spores white, globose, 9-10//,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. 
 Cystidia "abundant, subulate-fusiform, 70-75 x 7-9 /u, " Rick. Taste 
 mild, then acrid. Woods. Sept. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1597. L. quietus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 51. Quietus, calm. 
 P. 3-9 cm., somewhat cinnamon, flesh colour, disc darker, somewhat 
 
 zoned, convex, then depressed, obtuse ; margin deflexed, at first very 
 slightly viscid, then somewhat silky, opaque, becoming pale. St. 
 4-9 x 1-1-5 cm., rufescent, at length beautifully rubiginous, spongy, 
 equal, sometimes attenuated at the base which is covered with con- 
 colorous hairs. Gills white, then soon brick-rufescent, adnato-decurrent, 
 somewhat forked at the base. Flesh white, then rufescent. Milk white, 
 sweet. Spores white, globose, 8-10/u,, verrucose. Cystidia "lanceolate- 
 subulate, 50-60 x 6-7 //," Rick. Smell oily, taste pleasant. Woods. 
 Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1598. L. aurantiacus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Aurantiacus, orange. 
 P. 3-6 cm., bright golden orange colour, convex, then plane, or de-
 
 LACTARIUS 489 
 
 pressed, sometimes umbonate, slightly viscid. St. 6-8 x 1 cm., con- 
 colorous, equal, pruinose. Gills yellowish flesh colour, decurrent, thin, 
 crowded, narrow. Flesh pallid. Milk white, slowly acrid. Spores 
 ochraceous, globose, 8-9 /n, echinulate. Cystidia "abundant, lanceo- 
 late-subulate, 75-90 x 10-1 IJM" Rick. Smell pleasant, taste mild. 
 Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1599. L. theiogalus (Fr.) Plowr. (= Lactarius chrysorheus Fr. sec. 
 Quel.; Lactarius hepaticus (Plowr.) Boud.) Trans. Brit. Myc. 
 Soc. i, t. v. Oelov, brimstone; yd\a, milk. 
 
 P. 2-5-7 cm., liver coloured when moist, drying to rufous tawny and 
 lighter at the margin, convex, then expanded, and finally depressed, 
 umbonate, umbo sometimes wanting, viscid at first; margin crenulate, 
 thin. St. 3-4 x -5-1 cm., slightly pinker than the colour of the pileus, 
 equal, attenuated at the base. Gills pale, then rufescent, adnato-de- 
 current, each terminating at the crenulations of the margin of the 
 pileus, 3-6 mm. broad, thin, rather distant. Flesh of the pileus pallid, 
 then ochraceous, of the stem becoming rufous especially downwards. 
 Milk white, very slowly changing to sulphur yellow, mild, then slightly 
 acrid. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /i, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 "sparse, subulate, 45-75 x 6-8 ju," Rick. Fir woods. Aug. Nov. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1600. L. cremor Fr. Cremor, thick juice. 
 P. 3-6 cm., tawny orange, convex, then plane and obtuse, sometimes 
 
 umbonate when young, often unequal and excentric, viscid, minutely 
 punctate; margin striate. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, equal, 
 fragile, silky upward under a lens. Gills white, then flesh colour, adnate, 
 somewhat distant, fragile, pruinose. Flesh concolorous, or paler, thin. 
 Milk whitish, often watery, somewhat mild. Spores white, globose, 
 9-10/u, echinulate. Cystidia "subulate, 45-60 x 7-8 p" Rick. Taste 
 mild, or slowly acrid. Beech woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 var. pauper Karst. Cke. Illus. no. 951, t. 1008. Pauper, poor. 
 
 Differs from the type in being entirely yellowish flesh colour, ochra- 
 ceous when dry, the margin of the pileus at length sulcate, and the juice- 
 less, white flesh. Under larches. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1601. L. vietus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 952, t. 1009, fig. A. 
 
 Vietus, shrunken. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., flesh colour, or livid grey, becoming pale, subpapillate, 
 becoming plane, then umbilicate, at length somewhat infundibuliform, 
 viscid, opaque, slightly silky when dry; margin somewhat deflexed. 
 St. 5-7 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, attenuated upwards, or some- 
 what equal. Gills whitish, then yellowish, adnato-decurrent, thin, 
 somewhat crowded, somewhat flaccid. Flesh whitish, then grey. Milk
 
 490 LACTABIUS 
 
 white, then grey, slowly acrid. Spores white, globose, 7-8 ju, echinulate. 
 Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 60-70 x 10-12/i" Rick. Smell somewhat 
 pungent, taste slightly acrid. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1602. L. cyathula Fr. (= Lactarius cupularis (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 952, t. 1009, fig. B, and no. 953, t. 1085. 
 
 icvaOo?, a cup. 
 
 P. 1-6 cm., rufescent brick, or flesh colour, somewhat zoned, when dry 
 becoming pale, livid or flesh colour, hoary tan, rimoso-rivulose, convexo- 
 plane, umbonate, at length piano-depressed, umbo often vanishing, 
 slightly viscid, sometimes striate. St. 5 cm. x 2-10 mm., pale, at 
 length whitish, equal, pruinose. Gills white flesh colour, then yellowish, 
 decurrent, very crowded, thin, linear. Flesh white flesh colour. Milk 
 white, acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 6-10/A, echinulate. 
 Cystidia "very sparse, subulate" Rick. Smell strong of bugs when 
 drying. Woods. Aug. Nov. Rare. 
 
 **Pileus unpolished, squamulose, villose, or pruinose. 
 
 1603. L. rufus (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 954, t. 985. Rufus, red. 
 P. 5-10 cm., bay-brown-rufous, umbonate when young, soon de- 
 pressed with an umbo, and at length infundibuliform, dry, at first 
 flocculoso- silky, but soon polished; margin involute when young, some- 
 what whitish-tomentose. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., rufescent, paler than the pileus, 
 white pubescent at base, obsoletely pruinate. Gills ochraceous, or pallid, 
 then rufescent, adnato-decurrent, crowded, scarcely branched. Flesh 
 pallid, not compact. Milk white, very acrid. Spores white, broadly 
 elliptical, 9-10 x 7-8 /x, verrucose. Cystidia abundant, "lanceolate- 
 fusiform, 60-70 x 7-10/t" Rick. Taste very acrid. Coniferous woods. 
 June Dec. Common, (v.v.} 
 
 var. exumbonatus Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 52. 
 
 Exumbonatus, without an umbo. 
 
 Differs from the type in the absence of an umbo. Coniferous woods. 
 Sept Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1604. L. helvus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 955, t. 994. Helvus, light bay. 
 P. 5-10 cm., pale yellowish-brick-colour, becoming pale, fragile, con- 
 vex, then flattened, somewhat umbonate, the surface wholly broken up 
 into gr anuloso- squamulose flocci. St. 5-8 x 11-5 cm., brick colour in- 
 clining to pale, equal, pruinose, base white, tomentose. Gills whitish, 
 then somewhat flesh colour, at length yellowish, decurrent, thin, crowded. 
 Flesh concolorous but paler. Milk white, mild, then slightly acrid, 
 somewhat watery. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 7-8/u,, echinulate. 
 Cystidia "cylindrical-rounded, 50-70 x 9-12/z" Rick. Smell strong,
 
 LACTARIUS 491 
 
 resinous, somewhat like Foenugreek, taste mild. Coniferous woods. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1605. L. tomentosus (Otto) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 956, t. 1010. 
 
 Tomentosus, woolly. 
 
 P. 7-9 cm., dingy flesh colour, rufescent, or brownish, umbonate, 
 then depressed, or infundibuliform, finely tomentose. St. 5x1- 
 1-5 cm., pallid, equal. Gills yellow flesh colour, rather decurrent. Flesh 
 white, then tinged brown. Milk whitish, mild. Spores white, globose, 
 8-9 n, verrucose. Smell pleasant, taste mild, then slightly acrid. 
 Damp places. Sept. Bare. 
 
 1606. L. mammosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 170, fig. 2. 
 
 Mammosus, having large breasts. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., greyish fuscous, convex, acutely umbonate, umbo at 
 length vanishing, then depressed, clothed with appressed down; margin 
 involute, white-pubescent. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, inclining to pale, 
 pubescent, firm. Gills whitish, then pallid ferruginous, adnate, crowded. 
 Flesh reddish white. Milk white, mild ? then acrid. Spores white, " sub- 
 globose, 6-7 x 5-6 /z, echinulate. Cystidia subulate, 60 x 8-9 /LI" 
 Rick. Birch, and pine woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 var. monstrosus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 957, t. 995. 
 
 Monstrosus, strange. 
 Differs from the type in its larger size. Woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 var. minor Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 58. Minor, smaller. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, and the pileus clothed with 
 shorter hairs. Under birches. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1607. L. glyciosmus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 170, fig. 3. 
 
 y\VKv<>, sweet; ocr^r}, scent. 
 
 P. 2-7 cm., grey, brick colour, fuscous, most frequently passing into 
 violet, convex, becoming somewhat plane, acutely papillate, then de- 
 pressed, the papilla vanishing, delicately innato-squamulose, or un- 
 polished, opaque. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., light yellowish, becoming 
 tawny when bruised, sometimes silvery-whitish, especially at the apex, 
 somewhat equal, pubescent. Gills straw colour, then tawny-flesh-colour, 
 or somewhat ochraceous, adnato-decurrent, arcuate becoming plane, 
 thin, often branched, crowded. Flesh white, then slightly tinged with 
 the external colour. Milk white, rarely greenish, mild, then slightly 
 acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 7-9 /j,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. 
 Cystidia "subulate, 69-70 x 7-9 /A" Rick. Smell very pleasant, 
 aromatic, taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. Nov. Common. 
 (v.v.)
 
 492 LACTABIUS 
 
 var. flexuosus Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 958, t. 1011, as type. 
 
 Flexuosus, full of turns. 
 
 Differs from the type in the silky, umbilicate, flexuose, more or less 
 zoned pileus. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1608. L. lignyotus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 171, fig. 1. \iyvfa, smoke. 
 P. 4-8 cm., fuliginous umber, elastic-fragile, convexo-plane, some- 
 what depressed; margin at first incurved, then depressed, acutely- 
 umbonate, plicately-rugulose, or wrinkled sulcate, pruinosely velvety. 
 St. 7-12 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, base paler, becoming whitish, 
 fragile, corticate, constricted and plicate at the apex, pruinosely velvety. 
 Gills snow-white, then whitish ochre, reddish when wounded, rounded 
 behind and adnate, then subdecurrent, thin, rather crowded. Flesh 
 white, then slowly becoming reddish, ochraceous, or ferruginous. Milk 
 watery white, becoming reddish, or saffron colour, sparse, sweet. Spores 
 ochraceous, globose, 9/n, strongly echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste 
 pleasant. Under fir, and beeches. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1609. L. fuliginosus Fr. (= Laciarius azonites (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 959, t. 996. Fuliginosus, sooty. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., tan whitish, sprinkled with innate, fuliginous pruina, 
 coffee and milk colour, finely velvety, then somewhat rugulose, soapy 
 livid, fawn brick colour, the disc sometimes at last brown, convex, 
 then somewhat repand and depressed; margin at first inflexed, then 
 soon spreading. St. 48 cm. x 610 mm., dead white to shining white, 
 then dingy, tan, somewhat rufescent-brick-colour, fuliginous, somewhat 
 equal, sometimes rugulose. Gills white, at length light yellow ochraceous, 
 rounded adnexed, then decurrent, somewhat thin, somewhat distant, 
 branched, connected by veins, the intermediate ones at length crisped. 
 Flesh and milk white, then rose colour, and at length saffron yellow. 
 Spores ochraceous, globose, 9-10/z, echinulate. Cystidia "sparse, 
 subulate " Rick. Taste mild, then slightly acrid. Woods, and pastures. 
 Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1610. L.picinusFr. Cke. Illus. no. 960, t. 997. Picinus, pitch-black. 
 P. 4-8 cm., umber, or blackish umber, convex becoming plane, urn- 
 donate, orbicular, at first everywhere villose, somewhat velvety, then 
 becoming smooth. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., paler than the pileus, equal, 
 pruinose. Gills ochraceous, adnate, thin, very crowded, straight. Flesh 
 pallid, becoming reddish on exposure to the air. Milk white, acrid. 
 Spores ochraceous, globose, 7-10/a, echinulate and ribbed. Taste 
 acrid. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1611. L. retisporus Massee. Rete, a net; a-iropd, seed. 
 P. 5-9 cm., dark smoky-brown, convex, then plane, disc depressed, 
 
 minutely velvety, radially rugose from disc to margin. St. 3-5 x
 
 LACTARIUS 493 
 
 1-5 cm., paler than ike pileus, equal. Gills pale ochraceous with darker 
 spots, deeply sinuate and slightly adnexed, subdistant. Flesh dingy 
 yellow, becoming reddish brown when cut. Milk white, then brown, sweet, 
 becoming very thick and tenacious. Spores colourless, globose, 
 with raised bands forming a network. Under beeches. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1612. L. lilacinus (Lasch) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 53. 
 
 Lilacinus, lilac-coloured. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., rosy lilac, covered with a concolorous tomentum, often 
 spinulose when young, plane, then depressed, papillate, sometimes 
 very obsoletely zoned. St. 3-8 cm. x 5-12 mm., paler and more 
 ochraceous than the pileus, equal, somewhat rugulose, apex white- 
 mealy. Gills ochraceous, rarely tinted rosy lilac, adnato-decurrent, 
 narrow. Flesh rosy white, acrid. Milk white, acrid, plentiful. Spores 
 white, globose, or oval, 7-10/z, verrucose, reticulated. Cystidia "fusi- 
 form, 60-75 x 7-9 ju," Rick. Taste acrid. Woods, and damp places. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1613. L. spinosulus Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 11. 
 
 Spinosulus, full of little spines. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., brick red, or rosy lilac, convex, acutely umbonate, then 
 depressed, covered with minute erect spines, especially towards the 
 margin, zoned and spotted. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, rugu- 
 lose, granular. Gills yellowish flesh colour, then yellowish, decurrent, 
 narrow. Flesh paler. Milk white, slowly acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, 
 globose, 7-8/it, echinulate. Taste slightly acrid. Woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. violaceus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 961, t. 998, fig. B. Violaceus, violet. 
 Differs from the type in the rosy-violet p., the incurved margin, and 
 the pale st. On the ground. Sept. 
 
 ***P. polished, smooth. 
 
 1614. L. volemus Fr. (= Lactarius lactifluus (Schaeff.) Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 962, t. 999. Volema pira, a species of large pear. 
 
 P. 5-12 cm., rufous tawny, golden, becoming pale, compact, rigid, 
 obtuse, paler at the margin, plano-convex, at length depressed and 
 rimoso-rivulose; margin at first incurved. St. 6-10 x 1-5-3 cm., con- 
 colorous, somewhat equal, or attenuated upwards, obese, hard, pruinose. 
 Gills white to yellowish, adnato-decurrent, thin, crowded, becoming 
 dingy when wounded. Flesh white, becoming brownish on exposure to 
 the air. Milk white, sweet, plentiful, rarely becoming yelloiv. Spores 
 very pale ochraceous, globose, 5-6 /A, verrucose. Cystidia "very abun- 
 dant, subulate-fusiform, 60-100 x 8-9 /A, very undulating and thick 
 walled "Rick. Smell and taste very pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 494 LACTABIUS 
 
 1615. L. ichoratus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 963, t. 1000. 
 
 t'%&>/3, serum. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., tawny-brick-colour, disc often brown, brick colour and 
 zoned, piano-depressed, often unequal, excentric, occasionally repand, 
 opaque, thin, obtuse. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 6-10 mm., tawny, then rufescent, 
 equal, or fusiform below. Gills white, then ochraceous, adnate, de- 
 current with a tooth, scarcely crowded. Flesh pallid, becoming 
 brownish on exposure to the air. Milk white, sweet. Spores ochraceous, 
 elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /x, echinulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 50 x 
 5-6 /u," Rick. Smell strong, taste pleasant. Woods. Oct. 
 
 1616. L. serifluus (DC.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 964, t. 1012. 
 
 Serum, lymph ; fluus, flowing. 
 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., brown tawny, plane, then depressed, sometimes 
 slightly umbonate, somewhat flexuose ; margin inflexed. St. 3-4 cm. 
 x 4-10 mm., concolorous, or paler, somewhat incurved, base often 
 strigose with tawny hairs. Gills yellowish flesh colour, then reddish, 
 adnate, decurrent with a tooth. Flesh reddish tawny. Milk watery, 
 insipid, scanty. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 6-7 JM, echinulate, 
 1-guttulate. Cystidia " vesiculose-pyrif orm, then vesiculose-flask- 
 shaped, 30 x 14-20 /u," Rick. Smell unpleasant, like bugs. Woods, 
 and boggy places. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1617. L. mitissimus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 965, t. 1001. 
 
 Mitissimus, very mild. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., golden tawny, convex, papillate, depressed, papilla often 
 vanishing, somewhat slippery when moist. St. 2-5-8 cm. x 8-12 mm., 
 concolorous. Gills a little paler than the pileus, often stained with 
 minute rufous spots, adnato-decurrent, somewhat arcuate, thin, 
 crowded. Flesh pallid. Milk white, plentiful, mild, then somewhat 
 bitterish. Spores pale ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 6-7 /u, verrucose, 
 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 45-50 x 5-6/x" Rick. Taste 
 slightly acrid. Edible. Woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1618. L. subdulcis (Pers.) FT. Sub, somewhat; dulcis, sweet. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., rufescent, not becoming pale, papillate, at length de- 
 pressed. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, equal, somewhat 
 pruinose. Gills paler, adnate, crowded, fragile. Flesh rufescent. Milk 
 white, somewhat mild. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 9-10/u, echinu- 
 late. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 50-60 x 8-10 fj," Rick. Taste some- 
 what bitterish. Edible. Woods. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. concavus Fr. Concavus, hollowed out. 
 
 Differs from the type in the rufous bay colour of all its parts recalling 
 
 Lactarius rufus, the inflexed margin of the pileus, the smooth stem, the
 
 LACTARIUS 495 
 
 very pruinose gills, and the constant mild taste. Damp places in woods. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. sphagneti Fr. Sphagnetum, a Sphagnum swamp. 
 
 Differs from the type in the obtuse, red bay pileus shining as if 
 varnished, and the crenate, inflexed margin. 
 
 1619. L. camphoratus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 967, 1. 1013, fig A. 
 
 Camphor atus, strong scented. 
 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., brown-brick-red, convex, then depressed, sometimes 
 somewhat zoned. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, somewhat un- 
 dulated. Gills yellowish-brick-colour, adnate, crowded. Flesh reddish. 
 Milk white, mild, watery. Spores ochraceous, globose, 8-9 JJL, echinu- 
 late. Smell strong, like Melilot when dried. Taste pleasant. Woods, 
 especially conifers. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Terrei (B. & Br.) Cke. Michael Terrey. 
 
 Differs from the type in the corrugated pileus, and the swollen base 
 of the stem clad with orange down. 
 
 1620. L. subumbonatus Lindgr. (= Lactarius cimicarius (Batsch) 
 Quel. ; Lactarius rubescens (Bres.) Bataille.) Cke. Illus. no. 968, 
 t. 986, fig. A. Sub, rather; umbonatus, umbonate. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., dark cinnamon colour, convex, then depressed, rather 
 umbonate, rugose, punctate. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 3 mm., concolorous, 
 attenuated at the base. Gills rufous flesh colour, adnate. Flesh grey, 
 then yellowish. Milk white, watery, mild. Spores white, subglobose, 
 5-6/n, rough. Smell foetid when old, taste mild. Woods. Sept. 
 
 1621. L. cimicarius (Batsch) Cke. (= Lactarius subumbonatus (Lindgr.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 967, t. 1013, fig. B. Cimex, a bug. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., dark bay brown, convex, then depressed, or infundibuli- 
 form; margin often waved and lobed. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-14 mm., paler 
 than the pileus, equal. Gills dingy ochraceous with a red tinge, slightly 
 decurrent. Flesh tinged brownish. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, 
 globose, 9 x 7-8/A, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, like bugs. 
 Taste acrid. Woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1622. L. obnubilus (Lasch) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 55. 
 
 Obnubilus, overclouded, dark. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., brown fuliginous, darker at the disc, paler at the striate 
 margin, convex, at first papillate, then umbilicate, slightly viscid. 
 St. 3-7 cm. x 6-9 mm., paler than the pileus, equal, slightly rugulose, 
 covered with concolorous hairs at the base. Gills yellowish, adnato- 
 decurrent, crowded. Flesh reddish. Milk white, rather acrid. Spores 
 pale ochraceous, subglobose, 7-9 x 7-8/x, verrucose, 1-guttulate.
 
 496 LACTABIUS. BOLBITIUS 
 
 Taste somewhat bitter. Pine woods, and under alders. Sept. Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. crenatus Massee. Crenatus, notched. 
 
 Differs from the type in the coarsely sulcate margin of the pileus. 
 Fir woods. 
 
 1623. L. tabidus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 57. Tabidus, wasting away. 
 P. 1-5 cm., pale brick colour, then tan, becoming paler, submembrana- 
 
 ceous, somewhat plane, acutely papillately umbonate, at length expanded 
 and somewhat depressed, somewhat rugulose; margin pellucidly striate. 
 St. 2i cm. x 4 mm., concolorous, equal, or attenuated upwards, 
 white tomentose at base. Gills concolorous but paler, adnato-decur- 
 rent, flaccid, narrow, somewhat distant. Flesh concolorous. Milk 
 white, sweet, then slightly acrid, scanty. Spores white, globose, or oval, 
 10-12 x 7-10/A, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Taste pleasant, then slightly 
 acrid. Woods, and under willows and alders. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 1624. L. minimus W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 968, t. 986, fig. B. 
 
 Minimus, smallest. 
 
 P. 6-15 mm., pallid clay colour, pulvinate, rounded, or slightly um- 
 bonate; margin incurved. St. 6 x 2mm., concolorous, generally ex- 
 centric. Gills pallid, slightly decurrent, arcuate, distant. Milk white, 
 mild, abundant. Spores white, globose, 3-4/A, echinulate. Woods, 
 and pastures. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 IV. St. excentric, or lateral. Growing on trunks. 
 
 1625. L. obliquus Fr. Obliquus, slanting. 
 Entirely white, becoming yellowish. P. 5 cm., thin, plane, then de- 
 pressed, oblique, zoned with grey, lobed, silky. St. 2-5 cm. x 4 mm., 
 rather excentric, curved. Gills very slightly decurrent, crowded, 
 narrow. Flesh whitish. Milk white, slightly acrid. Spores white, glo- 
 bose, 6/x, echinulate. Smell pleasant. Caespitose. On trunks of 
 beech, and on banks. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 III. Receptacle membranaceous, or fleshy membranaceous, 
 
 fragile, rapidly putrescent, or shrivelling up. 
 
 Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. 
 
 Bolbitius Fr. 
 
 (/3o\/SiToi/, dung, especially cow dung.) 
 
 Pileus membranaceous, regular. Stem central, not confluent with 
 the pileus. Gills free, or slightly adnate, acute at the edge. Spores 
 ochraceous, ferruginous, fuscous, or salmon colour; elliptical, elliptic- 
 oblong, or almond-shaped; smooth; with an apical germ-pore. Cys- 
 tidia present, or absent. Growing on dung, and on rich soil.
 
 BOLBITIUS 497 
 
 B. hydrophilus (Bull.) Fr. = Hypholoma hydrophilum (Bull.) Fr. 
 
 1626. B. vitellinus (Pers.) Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 19, fig. 2. 
 
 Vitellus, the yolk of an egg. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., egg yellow, submembranaceous, deeply campanulate, 
 then expanding and convex, viscid, smooth, then furrowed and splitting 
 at the margin. St. 6-11 cm. x 2-4 mm., cream colour, attenuated up- 
 wards from the subbulbous base, covered with white, fugacious, mealy 
 fiocci. Gills ochraceous, then somewhat ferruginous, free, attenuated at 
 both ends, thin, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores 
 ferruginous, yellow under the microscope, broadly elliptical, 12-14 x 
 7-8jU, often truncate at the one end. On horse dung, dung heaps, and 
 amongst grass. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. olivaceus Gillet. Olivaceus, olivaceous. 
 
 Differs from the type in its olivaceous colour. Horse dung. Sept. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1627. B. Boltonii (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 James Bolton of Halifax, the author of " An History of Fungusses." 
 P. 2-4 cm., yellow, becoming pale, disc darker, fleshy, conical, or 
 convex, then plane and depressed at the disc, viscid, smooth, becoming 
 sulcate and splitting at the membranaceous margin, finally withering 
 and becoming like paper. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellowish, equal, 
 attenuated at the base, often twisted, fiocculose with the fugacious cortina, 
 which sometimes forms a ring-like zone. Gills light yellow, then livid 
 fuscous, slightly adnate. Flesh yellowish, especially in the St., very 
 thin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, broadly elliptical, or pip-shaped, 
 12-13 x 7-8/x. On dung, and manured soil. May Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1628. B. flavidus (Bolt.) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 677, t. 689, as Bol- 
 bitius Boltoni Fr. Flavidus, yellowish. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., pale yellow, glutinous, conical, then expanded, disc 
 usually slightly elevated; margin striate, and usually splitting. St. 
 5-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellow, slightly thinner upwards. Veil very 
 fugacious, white, leaving no mark on the st. Gills white, then yellow, 
 at length dusky brown, almost or quite free, 4 mm. broad. Flesh yellow 
 in the st. Spores brown, elliptical, 10 x 6/n. The whole plant deli- 
 quescing. Dung-hills, and rotten cloth in woods. June Aug. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1629. B. grandiusculus Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1187, t. 1159. 
 
 Grandiusculus, pretty well grown up. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., pale yellow, disc rufous, submembranaceous, campanu- 
 late, then expanded, smooth; margin slightly striate. St. 7-5-10 cm. 
 x 6 mm., white, gradually attenuated upwards, straight, smooth. 
 B. B. B. 32
 
 498 BOLBITIUS 
 
 Gills pale, then rusty ochraceous, quite free, attenuated behind, 2 mm. 
 broad, linear, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores rusty, elliptic- 
 oblong, 15 x 5-6/Li. Amongst grass. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1630. B. fragilis (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 679, t. 720, fig. A. 
 
 Fragilis, fragile. 
 
 P. 1-5-2-5 cm., light yellow, then becoming pale, submembranaceous, 
 pellucid, conical, then expanded, subumbonate, smooth, viscid; margin 
 striate, often crenulated. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellow, very fragile, 
 attenuated upwards, naked, smooth. Gills yellow, then pale cinnamon, 
 attenuato-adnexed, almost free, ventricose, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh 
 yellowish, thin at the disc. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, 
 10-11 x 6-7 p.. Cystidia "vesiculose, 30-36 x 12-20/z" Rick. The 
 whole plant rapidly withering. Roadsides, road-scrapings, horse 
 dung, and pastures. April Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1631. B. affinis Massee. Affinis, related. 
 P. 12 cm., yellowish tawny, whitish when dry, campanulate, then 
 
 expanded, umbonate, glabrous, dry; margin striate. St. 4-7. cm., 
 white, attenuated upwards from a marginate bulb, shining. Gills 
 yellowish tawny, adnexed, narrow. Spores 8 x 6/x,. Rare. 
 
 1632. B. titubans (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 680, t. 690. 
 
 Titubans, tottering. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., light yellow at the disc, paler and becoming greyish at the 
 margin, membranaceous, very tender, ovato-campanulate, then flat- 
 tened and split, diaphanous, slightly viscid, striate; margin plicate. 
 St. 5-7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal, very fragile, shining, some- 
 times mealy. Gills ochraceous, or purplish, then fuscous flesh colour, 
 or ferruginous, adnexed, or free, 2-3 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, 
 scarcely any except at the disc. Spores deep ochraceous, broadly ellip- 
 tical, 11-15 x 8-9 /n, with a hyaline apical germ-pore. Rich pastures, 
 gardens, and roadsides. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1633. B. apicalis W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 679, t. 720, fig. B. 
 
 Apex, the top of a thing, 
 
 P. 8-15 cm., brown, disc ochraceous bounded by a darker line, mem- 
 branaceous, conical, 18 mm. high, obsoletely umbonate, striate, then 
 plicate to the apical disc, splitting at the margin. St. 5-6 cm. x 2 mm., 
 white, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, striate, minutely 
 pruinose under a lens. Gills brown, free, at first pressed to the stem, 
 ventricose, 3 mm. broad. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores 
 brown, elliptical, 9 x 6-7 /x. Pastures. June. Rare. 
 
 1634. B. rivulosus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 678, t. 928, fig. B. 
 
 Rivulosus, rivulose. 
 
 P. 23 cm., tan colour, campanulate, striate, rivulose. St. 7 cm. x 
 4-6 mm., white, attenuated upwards, smooth. Gills cinnamon,
 
 BOLBITIUS. COPRINUS 499 
 
 slightly adnexed, narrowed behind, 3 mm. broad, rather distant. 
 Flesh white, rather thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptic- 
 oblong, 10-12 x 6-7 fj,. Earth in an orchid house. July. Rare. 
 
 1635. B. niveus Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1186, t. 1160, as Bolbitius 
 conocephalus Bull. Niveus, snow white. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., pure white, fleshy, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, 
 smooth, slightly viscid ; margin striate. St. 7-9 cm. x 3-4 mm., pure 
 white, gradually attenuated upwards from the clavato-bulbous base, 
 rather tough, shining. Gills pallid, then salmon colour, free, narrowed 
 behind, 2 mm. broad, broadest in front, subdistant. Flesh white, 
 thick at the disc. Spores salmon colour, elliptical, 18 x 9-10/Lt. Earth 
 in palm house. Rare. 
 
 1636. B. tener Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 681, t. 691. Tener, tender. 
 P. 7-15 mm., white, yellowish white, or flesh colour, then whitish, 
 
 very delicate, conical, elongated, 8-25 mm. high, moist, smooth. St. 
 47 cm. x 2 mm., white, base bulbous or slightly thickened. Gills 
 salmon colour, nearly free, attenuated behind, narrow, not crowded. 
 Flesh white, very thin. Spores "salmon colour, elliptical, 15-16 x 
 8-10/x" Massee. Lawns, and rich pastures. May Sept. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 Spores black, or blackish fuscous. Gills auto-digested 
 from below upwards. 
 
 Coprinus (Pers.) Fr. 
 (KOTTpos, dung.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, or membranaceous, regular. Stem central, confluent, 
 or distinct from the pileus, with or without a ring or volva. Gills 
 free, adnate, or attached to a collar, very thin, parallel-sided, or 
 subparallel-sided, and auto-digested from below upwards. Spores 
 black, violet black, chocolate, or fuscous ; oval, elliptical, subglobose, 
 angularly subglobose, pip-shaped, almond-shaped, or cordiform, 
 smooth, very rarely echinulate; with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia 
 usually large, rarely absent. Growing on the ground, on dung, and 
 on wood. Solitary, or caespitose. 
 
 I. Gills covered above with a fleshy or membranaceous cuticle, hence 
 the p. does not open into furrows along the gills but becomes torn 
 and re volute. 
 
 *Furnished with a ring arising from the volva ; 
 the cuticle torn into scales. 
 
 1637. C. comatus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 644, t. 658. 
 
 Comatus, hairy. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm., white, becoming pinkish at the margin and finally black, 
 
 322
 
 500 COPRINUS 
 
 fleshy, cylindrical, 5-15 cm. high, then campanulate, the continuous 
 cuticle soon separating into adpressed, shaggy scales, the scales becoming 
 ochraceous at their apices, disc deep ochraceous, remaining persistently 
 entire, at length striate; margin often torn and unequal. St. 12- 
 25 x 12 cm., white, then dingy or lilac white, attenuated upwards 
 from the bulbous, rooting base, fibrillose, silky, shining. King white, 
 membranaceous, thin, torn, movable, fugacious. Gills white, then pink, 
 at length black and deliquescent, free, separate from the st., linear, 
 6-10 mm. broad. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores black, ellip- 
 tical, often with a lateral apiculus, 11-13 x 6-7 /x. Cystidia vesicu- 
 lose, 50-65 x 20-30/A. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, pastures, road- 
 sides, especially ground made up with night soil. April Dec. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. ovatus (Schaeff.) Quel. Schaeff. Icon. t. 7. Ovatus, egg-shaped. 
 Differs from the type only in its smaller size and the ovate p. 
 
 var. clavatus (Batt.) Quel. Schaeff. Icon. t. 8. Clavatus, club-shaped. 
 Differs from the type in the elongate elliptical p., the rootless st., the 
 shaggy volva-like ring, and the gills never becoming pink. 
 
 1638. C. umbrinus Cke. & Massee. Umbrinus, umber. 
 P. 2-5-4-5 cm., dark umber, fleshy, conico-hemispherical, then almost 
 
 plane, finally splitting at the margin and revolute, coarsely sulcate up 
 to the disc, universal veil generally remaining as a large white patch at 
 the apex, elsewhere covered with scattered, snow white, fioccose scales. 
 St. 10-15 cm. x 6-8 mm., dark umber, slightly and gradually at- 
 tenuated upwards from the bulbous, slightly rooting base, polished, 
 shining. Volva persistently white, sheathing the base of the st., and 
 free and reflexed about 2 cm. from the base. Gills becoming black, edge 
 persistently white, free, distant from the st., 3 mm. broad, thin, 
 crowded. Flesh umber, exceedingly thin. Spores sooty-black, elliptic- 
 oblong, obliquely apiculate, 17-18 x 9/u. Cystidia absent. Manured 
 ground. Aug. Rare. 
 
 1639. C. sterquilinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 646, t. 660. 
 
 Sterguilinum, a dung-pit. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., white, then silvery grey, disc tinged fuscous, submem- 
 branaceous, ovato-conical, then campanulate, scarcely expanded, 
 obtuse, fragile, deeply sulcate, the furrows forked, silky-villose, disc 
 squarrose with divergent, imbricated scales', margin at length split. 
 St. 8-15 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, attenuated upwards, fragile, fibrillose, 
 base bulbous, becoming blackish when touched. Ring white, membrana- 
 ceous, narrow, near the base and volva-like. Gills white, then pink, and 
 at length purplish umber, free, slightly ventricose, 5-6 mm. broad. 
 Flesh greyish, then whitish, very thin. Spores black, broadly elliptical,
 
 COPRINUS 501 
 
 14-23 x 9-14/u,. Cystidia "on edge of gill vesiculose, filled with a 
 reddish juice" Rick. Dung-heaps, and gardens. July Sept. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1640. C. oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 142. 
 
 OUectus, delightful. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., whitish, then bright flesh colour, at length black, mem- 
 branaceous, cylindrical, then conico-campanulate, covered with white 
 silky scales, sulcate nearly up to the disc. St. 8-12 cm. x 5-6 mm., 
 white, slightly attenuated upwards, soft, silky. Volva brownish on 
 the outside, white on the inside, large, free, spreading, up to 6 mm. 
 broad. Gills becoming blackish, with a tinge of flesh colour, free, 
 linear. Flesh white, thin. Spores black, elliptic-oblong, with an oblique 
 basal point, 16 x 8-9 /z. Newly made dung-hills. Aug. Nov. Rare. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1641. C. squamosus Morg. Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist, vi, t. 8. 
 
 Squamosus, scaly. 
 
 P. 2-8 cm., cinereous, covered with reddish brown scales, submem- 
 branaceous, ovoid, 2-3 cm. high, then expanded, at length splitting 
 and revolute. St. 6-15 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, equal, often attenuated 
 at the base, covered with reddish brown scales below the ring, smooth 
 above. Ring distant, narrow, fugacious. Gills white, then reddish 
 brown, and finally black, free, ventricose. Flesh brownish under the 
 cuticle, white elsewhere, thin. Spores black, boat-shaped, 9-10 x 5/i. 
 Caespitose. Base of trunks, elms, and old palings. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 **Somewhat ringed, but not with a volva. P. dotted, or 
 spotted with minute, innate squamules. 
 
 1642. C. atramentarius (Bull.) Fr. (= Coprinus 'fuscescens (Schaeff.) 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 648, t. 662. Atramentarius, inky. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., lurid fuliginous, becoming hoary with adpressed, silky 
 lustre, fleshy, ovate, obtuse, wholly longitudinally and deeply sulcate 
 and ribbed, soft to the touch, minutely mealy, repand-unequal at the 
 margin, disc often squamulose, slightly adpressedly silky at the sides. 
 St. 7-20 cm. x 8-18 mm., white, at first ventricose, fusiform, attenuated 
 shortly downwards, and for a greater distance upwards, furrowed, 
 then elongato-attenuated upwards, firm, longitudinally fibrillose, apex 
 smooth, base often with a few tawny squamules. Ring white, basal, 
 very fugacious. Gills whitish, then brown-black, quite free, ventricose, 
 10-15 mm. broad, edge flocculose. Flesh fuliginous, scissile. Spores 
 black, elliptical, 9-10 x 5ju,, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia cylindric- 
 saccate, 50-120 x 25-37 ju,. Taste mild. Edible. Caespitose rarely 
 solitary. Woods, pastures, and gardens, almost always connected with 
 buried wood. May Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 502 COPBINUS 
 
 var. soboliferus (Fr.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 649, t. 848. 
 
 Soboles, offshoot ;fero, I bear. 
 
 Differs from the type in the truncate, more squamulose p., and in 
 the stems arising from a common tuberous base. Base of stumps, rotten 
 palings, and in hot-houses. May Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1643. C. fuscescens (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Coprinus atramentarius (Bull.) 
 Fr. sec. Quel.) Fuscescens, becoming fuscous. 
 
 P. 5 7 '5 cm., whitish, or greyish, disc becoming fuscous, or rufescent, 
 submembranaceous, globose, then ovate and expanded, at length 
 revolute when deliquescent, at first covered with a somewhat mealy 
 pruina, then smooth, or rimosely squamulose on the disc, obtuse. St. 
 4-7'5 cm. x 46 mm., white, equal, fragile, slightly silky under a lens, 
 at first obsoletely ringed towards the base. Gills white, then umber, free, 
 very broad, semi-ovate. Flesh fuscous in the p. and base of st., thick 
 at the disc. Spores fuscous black, "elliptical, apiculate, 10 x 6/z" 
 Massee. Caespitose. Elm stumps, rotten wood, wood in cellars. 
 May Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. rimoso-squamosus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 651, t. 664. 
 
 Rimosus, cracked; squamosus, scaly. 
 
 Differs from the type only in the p. becoming cracked into angular 
 patches. Hardly worthy of a varietal name. About stumps. Oct. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 ***Universal veil floccose, at first continuous, then broken up into 
 superficial scales which form patches on the p. 
 
 1644. C. picaceus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 652, t. 665. 
 
 Picaceus, appertaining to a magpie. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., fuliginous black, variegated with broad, unequal, super- 
 ficial, separating, white scales, from the breaking up of the universal 
 woven veil, striate. St. 10-25 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, attenuated up- 
 wards from the bulbous base, fragile, smooth. Gills white, then pinkish, 
 at length black, free, ventricose, 8-12 mm. broad. Flesh brownish 
 under the cuticle of the p., pallid elsewhere, thick only at the disc. 
 Spores black, broadly elliptical, with a basal apiculus, 14-18 x 8-12/x; 
 "basidia pyriform, 30-45 x 15-17/n. Cystidia conical-cylindrical, 
 100-150 x 30-50 ju," Rick. Said to be poisonous. Smell none, or 
 foetid. Frondose woods, especially beech, and roadsides. Sept. 
 Dec. Rather uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1645. C. aphthosus Fr. a<f)0at, the thrush. 
 P. 23 cm., livid, submembranaceous, ovate, 2-5 cm. high, then cam- 
 
 panulate, expanded, deliquescing slowly, covered with the universal veil, 
 soon separating into floccose, white, fugacious scales. St. 5 cm. x 4 mm.,
 
 COPRINUS 503 
 
 white, soft, somewhat fragile, equal, often twisted, fibrillose. Gills 
 white, then blackish, adnate, linear. Spores "black, lemon-shaped, 
 8-5-10 x 5-5-6-5/z. Cystidia vesiculose, cylindric-oval, 50-75 x 20- 
 27jit"Lange. Subcaespitose. Hollow trees, especially willow. Sept. 
 Oct. Bare. 
 
 var. Boltonii Massee. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 26. James Bolton. 
 
 Differs from the type in the repand, olivaceous p. Decaying pieces 
 of moist wood in cellars, cold kitchens, etc. Common. 
 
 1646. C. flocculosus (DC.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 654, t. 667. 
 
 Flocculosus, flocculose. 
 
 P. 4-10 cm., dingy white, membranaceous, ovate, then expanded 
 and splitting in the direction of the gills, striate, covered over with 
 floccose scales. St. 6-10 x 1 cm., white, attenuated upwards from the 
 swollen base, finely silky under a lens. Gills violaceous, then fuscous 
 Hack, free, ventricose. Spores fuscous black, elliptical, 10 x 7-8ju,. 
 Cystidia cylindrical, 30x12 /LI. Solitary, rarely caespitose. Pastures, 
 and gardens. June Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1647. C. similis B. & Br. Similis, like. 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., pallid, disc darker, hygrophanous, ovato-campanulate, 
 
 lineato-striate, clothed with acute separating warts which, are fuscous at 
 the apex. St. 6-7 cm. x 4-5 mm., white, broader at the base. Gills 
 brownish near the margin, adnate, attenuated behind, somewhat linear. 
 Spores "brown, elliptic-oval with a germ-pore, 8-9 x 5-6 /x. Cystidia 
 vesiculose, 30-36 x 15-25^" Rick. Trunks of dead trees. Sept. Rare. 
 
 ****P. at first clothed with distinct flocci, or lax villous down, 
 which fall off and disappear. Ring none. 
 
 1648. C. exstinctorius (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 437, fig. 1. 
 
 Exstinctorius, like an extinguisher. 
 
 P. 27-5 cm., pale, disc darker, sublivid, submembranaceous, clavate, 
 then campanulate, at length rimosely split, expanded, scarcely revolute, 
 firm, floccoso- scaly with the universal veil, becoming bare from the margin 
 upwards; margin striate. St. 8-12 cm. x 5-6 mm., white, attenuated 
 upwards from the rooting base, smooth, base cottony. Gills white, then 
 fuscous blackish, reaching the st., narrow, lanceolate. Spores fuscous 
 purple, almond-shaped, 8-11 x 6-7 /u,, "mitriform" Rick. Generally 
 solitary. On the ground, at the base of ash trees, or in woods. May 
 Sept. Rare. 
 
 1649. C. macrorhizus (Pers.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 657, t. 670, as 
 Coprinus fimetarius Fr. var. macrorhizus Pers. 
 
 /ia/c/ao?, long; pl%a, root. 
 P. 2-5 cm., cinereous, or livid, then tinged fuscous, submembrana-
 
 504 COPRINUS 
 
 ceous, oval, then campanulate, 1-5-5 cm. high, at length revolute, ribbed 
 and furrowed from the apex to the margin, at first floccosely mealy with 
 the fugacious veil, becoming naked from the apex downwards; margin 
 thin, deliquescing. St. 2-6 cm. x 4-15 mm., white, equal, or slightly 
 attenuated upwards, continued into a long, thin, tapering root from the 
 base, 1-5-10 cm. long, somewhat silky. Gills white, then black, edge 
 white, free, ventricose. Flesh greyish, becoming white, very thin. 
 Spores black, almond-shaped, 11-15 x 8-9 /A. Cystidia vesiculose. 
 Smell often strong. Solitary, or caespitose. On decaying vegetable 
 matter, more rarely where dung-heaps have been. Woods, and home- 
 steads. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1650. C. cinereus (Schaeff.) Cke. Cke. lUus. no. 658, t. 671. 
 
 Cinereus, ash colour. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., ashy grey, disc often fuscous, membranaceous, cylindrical, 
 1-5-4 cm. high, then campanulate, and at length revolute, densely 
 covered with white, fugacious flocci, then naked and striate. St. 4- 
 11 cm. x 3-6 mm., white, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards from 
 the thickened base, densely covered with white, fugacious, downward 
 pointing flocci. Gills white, then black, free, lanceolate. Flesh of p. 
 fuscous, white in the st., very thin at the margin. Spores black, pip- 
 shaped, 9-11 x 6-7 /z. Cystidia vesiculose, 60-70 x 30-40/z. Woods, 
 heaths, pastures, and manure beds. Feb. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1651. C. echinosporus Buller. e% 41/05, hedgehog; (nropd, seed. 
 P. 3 cm. broad, 18 mm. high, white, then grey, and finally dirty 
 
 yellowish brown, oval, then conico-campanulate, becoming flattened, 
 and finally revolute and radially splitting along the lines of the 
 longest gills, at first clothed with short, dense down, then breaking 
 up into small, delicate, thin, fugacious tufts or scales; hairs some- 
 times branched, consisting of slender cells, 80-150 x 5-10/Li. St. 
 9 cm. x 3 mm. at base, white, slightly attenuated upwards, straight, 
 or flexuose, firm, adpressedly hairy. Gills blackish at maturity, ad- 
 nexed, very thin, very slightly wedge-shaped, auto-digesting on the 
 edge. Flesh brownish yellow, brownish at the apex of the p., becoming 
 finally dirty ochraceous. Spores black in the mass, very dark and 
 opaque under the microscope, finely warted, or echinulate, oval, more 
 or less pip-shaped, apex truncate, 9-11 x 5-7 /A, with an apical germ- 
 pore through which a transparent membrane often protrudes', basidia 
 of three lengths, surrounded by 3-4 paraphyses. Cystidia abundant, 
 conical, rounded at both ends, generally parallel-sided, rarely globose, 
 70-95 x 23-30/x, varying up to 105/z in length and 45-57 /A in diam. 
 Sticks dredged from a pool. Oct. Rare. 
 
 C. fimetarius (Linn.) Fr. = Coprinus macrorhizus (Pers.) Rea, and 
 Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff.) Cke.
 
 COPRINUS 505 
 
 1652. C. tomentosus (Bull.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 156. 
 
 Tomentosus, downy. 
 
 P. 1-5-4 cm., grey white, submembranaceous, cylindrical, 3-4 cm. 
 high, then conical, or narrowly pyramidal, not expanded, striate, at 
 length longitudinally cracked, entirely covered with a greyish felty veil, 
 which becomes torn into scales during expansion. St. 57-5 cm. x 4 
 6 mm., greyish, subequal, velvety, base thickened, rooting. Gills 
 whitish, then fuscous blackish, free, linear, edge at first white-micaceous. 
 Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores "reddish brown, trans- 
 parent, 25 x 7-8/*. Cystidia vesiculose-bottle-shaped, 30-40 x 20- 
 30 fj," Eick. On dung. Rich pastures, roadsides, and woods. Sept. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 1653. C. niveus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 659, t. 672, fig. B. 
 
 Niveus, snow white. 
 
 Entirely snow white. P. 1-5-5 cm., submembranaceous, ovate, soon 
 campanulato-expanded, at length revolute, split and torn, mealy 
 floccose, often squamulose. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., attenuated 
 upwards, very fragile, densely covered with fugacious, upward pointing 
 flocci, becoming smooth. Gills white, then flesh colour, and finally 
 blackish, adnexed, narrow. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. 
 Spores black, broadly elliptical, 15 x 10-12/*,, often apiculate at one 
 end. Cystidia vesiculose. On dung, especially horse. Woods, and 
 pastures. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. astroideus Fr. aa-r^p, star; elSos, shape. 
 
 Differs from the type in the squamose, grey p. becoming inverted and 
 smooth, and in the elongate, thin, smooth st., stellate at the base. Woody 
 places. 
 
 1654. C. roseotinctus Rea. Roseus, rose; tinctus, coloured. 
 P. 58 mm.., fuscous, densely powdered with rose coloured meal, mem- 
 
 branaceous, cylindrical, 7-11 mm. high, then campanulate, at length 
 revolute, umbonate, silky, striate, becoming sulcate along the back 
 of the gills; margin torn. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, at first densely 
 powdered with deep rose coloured meal, then only sparingly powdered 
 near the apex at maturity, equal, becoming elongate and flexuose; 
 base bulbous, white floccose. Gills white, then black, adnexed, 1- 
 1-5 mm. broad, deliquescent. Flesh greyish, thin. Spores black, pip- 
 shaped, slightly apiculate, 9-11 x 5-6 p. Ash plantations, and under 
 trees. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1655. C. cothurnatus Godey. Gillet, Champ. Fr. Hym. t. 175. 
 
 icoQopvos, a high hunting boot. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., membranaceous, dingy white, reddish, flesh coloured (or 
 yellowish sec. Massee), conico-campanulate, then expanded, umbonate,
 
 506 COPRINUS 
 
 and irregularly split, densely furfuraceous. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., 
 white, attenuated upwards, squamulose, base sheathed with white, 
 fibrillose squamules. Gills white, then flesh coloured, at length blackish, 
 free, sublanceolate, crowded. Flesh very thin. Spores black, ellip- 
 tical. Cow dung. Pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 *****P. covered with small micaceous scales, or granules which 
 fall off and disappear. Ring none. 
 
 1656. C. micaceus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 660, t. 673. 
 
 Micaceus, glittering. 
 
 P. 36 cm., yellow ferruginous, yellowish livid, disc darker, at length 
 date-brown-fuscous, ferruginous ochraceous when dry, submembrana- 
 ceous, oval, then campanulate, undulato-lobed, rimosely split, striate, 
 at first covered with glistening micaceous particles, soon naked and be- 
 coming sulcate, disc even ; margin plicate and irregular. St. 5-20 cm. x 
 4-8 mm., white, or whitish, equal, silky, often curved, fibrillose, be- 
 coming smooth. Gills white, or isabelline, then brown, or livid at the 
 edge, and finally fuscous blackish, adnexed, lanceolate. Flesh pallid, 
 thin at the disc. Spores fuscous black, pip-shaped, or elliptical with 
 a long apiculus, 9-10 x 5)n. Cystidia cylindric-oblong, apex rounded, 
 85-140 x 48-75/z. Edible. Densely caespitose. Stumps, old posts, 
 and buried wood. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. Jan. Dec. 
 Common, (o.v.) 
 
 1657. C. truncorum (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 6. 
 
 Truncorum, of tree trunks. 
 
 P. 24 cm., globose, then campanulate, ferruginous ochraceous, 
 densely covered with micaceous meal, soon naked, striate, not becoming 
 sulcate. St. 710 x 3-4 mm., white, very fragile, somewhat striate, 
 smooth. Gills white, then rosy, at length black, free. Spores fuscous, 
 elliptical, 12-14 x6/z. Caespitose. Rotten willow trunks. Uncommon. 
 
 1658. C. frustulosum Sacc. Sacc. Myc. Ven. Spec. t. 6, figs. 10-14, 
 from Atti della Soc. Ven.-Trent. n. 
 
 Frustulosum, consisting of small fragments. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., covered up to the yellow umbo with rosy red micaceous meal, 
 ovate, 1 cm. high, then campanulate, umbonate, even. St. 1-5- 
 12-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, glistening, very brittle, conical, then 
 cylindrical, smooth, apex mealy. Gills reddish white, then black, free. 
 Spores 8 x 6/x. Caespitose. Amongst long grass near a post, and 
 under Rhododendra. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1659. C. aratus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 661, t. 674. apba>, I plough. 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., umber, submembranaceous, campanulate, then ex- 
 panded, deeply sulcate up to the darker, usually wrinkled disc, sprinkled 
 with large micaceous particles, revolute in decay. St. 10-15 cm. x 
 46 mm., snow white, attenuated upwards from the slightly bulbous
 
 COPRINUS 507 
 
 base, silky. Gills deep rich brown, then black, attached, then seceding 
 and becoming free, narrow, attenuated at both ends. Flesh brownish, 
 thin. Spores 15 x IQ-llju. Solitary, or clustered. Hollow trees, rich 
 ground, and manure heaps. May Aug. Uncommon. 
 
 1660. C. radians (Desm.) Fr. Radians, radiant. 
 P. 2-3 cm., yellow tawny, becoming pale, membranaceous, ovate, 
 
 then campanulate and expanded, micaceous, disc granular, silicate; 
 margin striate. St. 2-4: cm. x 48 mm., white, slightly attenuated 
 upwards from the swollen base, and arising from a dense mass of tawny 
 mycelium, the Ozonium of old authors. Gills white, then violaceous 
 black, adnate, linear, 3-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, tawny under the 
 cuticle of the p. and in the St., thin at the margin. Spores black, 
 elliptic fusiform, 9-10 x 4 5fj,, 1-2-guttulate, with a hyaline germ- 
 pore at each end. Caespitose. On stumps, especially elm, old stacked 
 logs, and plaster walls. April Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1661. C. papillatus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 663, t. 676, fig. B. 
 
 Papillatus, having a nipple. 
 
 P. 4-15 mm., fuscous, disc darker, membranaceous, ovate, then 
 campanulate, at length flattened and revolute, torn, striate, scurfy, 
 beset with minute warts, which are more crowded on the disc. St. 2- 
 3 cm. x 2 mm., hyaline-pellucid, equal, smooth except at the base. 
 Gills blackish, then black, tree, few. Spores "brownish black, angu- 
 larly oval, 7-8 x 6-7 /i. Cystidia vesiculose" Rick. On the ground, 
 and on dung. Pastures, and gardens. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. oxygenus Fr. ou5, sharp; 761/09, race. 
 
 Differs from the type in the whitish p., inclining to grey, slightly 
 fiocculose as well as the st. 
 
 1662. C. Patoufflardii Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8. 
 
 N. Patouillard, the eminent French mycologist. 
 P. 5-20 mm., ashy -grey, disc yellowish, rough with minute reddish 
 granules, membranaceous, conico-campanulate, then expanded, pli- 
 cato-sulcate up to the disc at maturity. St. 1-4 cm. x 2 mm., white, 
 fragile, slightly attenuated upwards, smooth. Gills cream colour, then 
 black, free, attached to a collar, 2 mm. broad, distant. Flesh white, 
 reddish at the disc and base of the st., very thin. Spores black, with a 
 hyaline apiculus, angularly globose, 6-7 /A. Spent tea leaves. July. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ******P. smooth, without floccose, or micaceous 
 squamules. Veil none. 
 
 1663. C. alternatus (Schum.) Fr. Alternatus, alternate. 
 P. 3-4 cm., chalky-pallid, disc pale umber, fleshy, hemispherical, 
 
 discoid, smooth, striped with alternately broad and narrow striae. St.
 
 508 COPRINUS 
 
 7-10 x 4-6 mm., whitish, attenuated upwards from the thickened 
 base, smooth. Gills cinereous, then black, adnate, linear. Flesh thin. 
 Spores "black, broadly pip-shaped, 10 x 6-7 /u." Massee. Subcaespi- 
 tose. On the ground. Rare. 
 
 1664. C. erythrocephalus (Lev.) Fr. (= Coprinus oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. 
 sec. Quel.) Lev. Ann. sc. nat. (1841), t. 14, fig. 3. 
 
 epvdpos, red; Ke<f>a\ri, head. 
 
 P. 1 cm., reddish vermilion, at length grey, membranaceous, conico- 
 campanulate, 1 cm. high, smooth, striate. St. 2-3 cm., paler than 
 the p., naked. Gills fuscous, then black, slightly adnexed, crowded. 
 Gregarious. On limed soil. Spring. Rare. 
 
 1665. C. deliquescens (Bull.) Fr. Deliquescens, melting away. 
 P. 5-10 cm., livid fuliginous, membranaceous, ovato-campanulate, 
 
 then expanded, smooth, disc papillate with minute points, never split, 
 but revolute and striate, the striae broad but not deep. St. 7-10 cm. x 
 4-8 mm., shining white, equally attenuated upwards, corticate, smooth. 
 Gills clay colour, then lurid blackish, free, at length remote from the st., 
 flexuose, very narrow, only 1 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh thin. 
 Spores black, "elliptical, 8 x 5/t, obliquely apiculate" Massee. Sub- 
 caespitose. On trunks, stumps, and heaps of leaves. Aug. Oct. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1666. C. digitalis (Batsch) Fr. Digitalis, belonging to the finger. 
 P. 2-3 cm., whitish, or straw coloured, disc often darker, becoming oli- 
 vaceous livid or yellowish cinereous, submembranaceous, fragile, ovate, 
 then campanulate, 2-3 cm. high, quite smooth and naked, moist, striate, 
 except at the even disc. St. 2-5-12-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., shining white, 
 equal, somewhat fiexuose, smooth, corticate, fragile, base villose. Gills 
 whitish brown, then black, somewhat free, reaching the st., ventricose; 
 edge white, micaceous. Spores "brown, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/n" Rick. 
 Caespitose. Damp places in woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common. 
 
 1667. C. congregates (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 667, t. 679. 
 
 Congregatus, collected into a flock. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., pale ochraceous, membranaceous, cylindrical, then cam- 
 panulate, 1-5-2 cm. high, viscid, smooth; margin striate, split when 
 expanded. St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, smooth. Gills white, 
 then black, reaching the st., linear. Flesh white, yellowish at the disc, 
 very thin. Densely caespitose. Woods, roadsides, and gardens. Sept. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1668. C. tardus Karst. Cke. Illus. no. 666, t. 719. Tardus, late. 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., bright brown, becoming pale ochraceous tan, fleshy, 
 
 fragile, ovate, then campanulate, 2-5-5 cm. high, sulcate, or deeply
 
 COPRINUS 509 
 
 striate, smooth, rather dry. St. 10-15 cm. x 4 mm., whitish, equal, 
 somewhat flexuose, slightly downy, apex minutely striate. Gills whitish, 
 then tinged with brown, at length black. Flesh whitish, thin at the 
 margin. Spores blackish brown, elliptical, or sometimes subangular, 
 12-15 x 7-9/A. Cystidia "vesiculose, very large, conically flask- 
 shaped, up to 24/A broad" Lange. Caespitose. Naked soil. Oct. 
 Rare. 
 C. hydrophorus (Bull.) Quel. = Psathyrella hydrophora (Bull.) Fr. 
 
 II. P. very thin, without a pellicle, at length opening into furrows 
 along the back of the gills, and becoming plicato-sulcate. St. thin, 
 fistulose. Gills melting away into very thin lines. 
 *St. annulate, or volvate. 
 
 1669. C. dilectus Fr. (= Coprinus oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 140, fig. 2. Dilectus, beloved. 
 
 P. 12*5 cm., whitish, then rosy, at length reddish, submembrana- 
 ceous, campanulate, obtuse, floccosely mealy, at length split, revolute, 
 and naked. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 24 mm., whitish, attenuated downwards, 
 sprinkled with red fibrils. Volva reduced to whitish, spreading, fuga- 
 cious squamules at the base. Gills white, then reddish fuscous, at length 
 black, free, somewhat lanceolate, crowded. Flesh white, reddish at the 
 disc, very thin at the margin. Spores black, elliptical, 10 x 6/u.. Cys- 
 tidia "ovate, vesiculose, average breadth 23/i" Lange. On the 
 ground. Burnt ground in beech woods, and bare soil. Nov. Rare. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1670. C. ephemeroides (BuU.) Fr. BuU. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 582, fig. 1. 
 
 e<?7/u,e/309, lasting but a day; elSo?, like. 
 
 P. 4-6 mm., whitish, or livid, membranaceous, pellucid, cylindrical, 
 520 mm. high, then campanulate, sprinkled with superficial flocci, 
 plicato-sulcate, at length split and revolute. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., 
 white, smooth, base bulbous and hairy. Ring white, very tender, mov- 
 able, narrow. Gills white, then black, free, distant from the st., very 
 tender. Spores black, subglobose, often somewhat angular, 7x5- 
 6/n. "Cystidia globose, 23-30^" Lange. On horse and cow dung. 
 July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1671. C. bulbfflosus Pat. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 7. 
 
 Bulbillosus, with a little bulb. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., grey, disc yellow, convex, then expanded, at first 
 covered with white meal; margin striate, incurved. St. 10-20 x 1 mm., 
 white, smooth, base bulbous. Ring white, movable, median. Gills 
 grey, then black, narrow, 1 mm. broad. Flesh white, yellowish at the 
 disc, very thin. Spores black, subglobose, angular, 8-9 x 8/x. Horse 
 dung. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 510 COPRINUS 
 
 1672. C. Hendersonii Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 668, t. 680, fig. A. 
 
 J. L. Henderson. 
 
 P. 2-12 mm., cinereous, disc brownish, membranaceous, cylindrical, 
 then ovali-campanulate, at length plane, minutely granular under a 
 lens, striate half way up; margin folded. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., 
 white, attenuated upwards, nearly or quite smooth. Eing white, cup- 
 shaped, more or less distant, permanent, fixed. Gills white, then black, 
 free, narrow, rather distant, edge white. Flesh white, very thin. Spores 
 black, "spherical, apiculate, 8-9 /A" Quel. Hotbeds, and horse dung. 
 Feb. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1673. C. Bresadolae Schulz. 
 
 L'Abbe J. Bresadola, the eminent mycologist of Trieste. 
 P. 8 mm., greyish white, disc tinged brown, membranaceous, sub- 
 cylindrical, 17 mm. high, at first covered with a very thin universal 
 veil, which does not break up into squamules, but splits from apex 
 to base, and becomes obliterated. St. 12 cm. x 4 mm., white, tapering 
 upwards, smooth. Ring loose, deciduous. Gills black, edge white. 
 Spores black, cylindrical, ends rounded, 12-17 x 6/z. Gregarious. 
 Worked wood, and on the ground amongst rotten branches. Sept. 
 Rare. 
 
 1674. C. volvaceo-minimus Crossland. 
 
 Volvaceus, having a volva ; minimus, least. 
 
 P. 4-6 mm., grey, inclining to cinereous, disc darker, membrana- 
 ceous, ovate, then campanulate, sprinkled with white squamules, striate; 
 margin at length split and reflexed. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., white, 
 hyaline, apex slightly swollen, smooth; bulbous base furnished with a 
 distinct, sheathing, persistent ring, or collar, half the width of the p., 
 and finally reflexed. Gills becoming blackish purple, almost free, narrow, 
 attenuated at each end. Spores blackish purple, subglobose, 6-7 /z, 
 minutely apiculate. Manure heaps. Rare. 
 
 **P. clothed with superficial, separating floccules. 
 Gills free. Ringless. 
 
 1675. C. lagopus Fr. Saund. & Sm. Myc. 111. t. 19. 
 
 \ayo)<;, a hare; TTOVS, foot. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., whitish, or greyish, disc livid, very tender, pellucid, 
 cylindrical, then campanulate, covered with white, fugacious fibrils, 
 then naked, flattened and split, radiato-sulcate. St. 5-12-5 cm. x 
 2-6 mm., white, attenuated upwards rarely at the base, very fragile, 
 everywhere white woolly. Gills white, then black, free, at length remote, 
 linear. Flesh white, very thin. Spores black, elliptical, 10-12 x 6- 
 7 fj,. Cystidia "large, vesiculose, ovate, or oblong, about 12-25 /u, 
 broad" Lange. Rich soil, rotten wood, sawdust, and on dung. Woods, 
 and pastures. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 COPRINTJS 511 
 
 1676. C. lagopides Karst. Lagopus, the species G. lagopus, elSos, like. 
 P. 4-7 cm., whitish, disc cinereous, membranaceous, campanulate, 
 
 sulcate, then splitting, disc naked, clothed elsewhere with free, white, 
 pointed, feathery squamules; margin subrevolute. St. 17cm. x 3- 
 5 mm., slightly attenuated above, hollow, densely fioccose. Gills black, 
 free, crowded, linear. Spores black, ovoid, 6-8x5-6/u,, basidia 4-spored. 
 On the ground. Dec. Rare. 
 
 1677. C. narcoticus (Batsch) FT. Cke. Illus. no. 668, t. 680, fig. B. 
 
 vapKioTiKos, making numb. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., white, or greyish, very tender, pellucid, conico-cylin- 
 drical, villose with white fioccose, fugacious, recurved scales, then flat- 
 tened, naked, striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., white, pellucid, equal, or 
 attenuated upwards, villosely fibrillose, becoming smooth. Gills white, 
 then blackish, free, reaching the st., narrow. Flesh white, very thin at 
 the margin. Spores blackish brown, elliptical, 11 x 5/n, "with a 
 hyaline epispore. Cystidia subglobose, 20-40 /u," Lange. Smell very 
 strong, foetid, narcotic-alkaline. Manure heaps. Oct. 
 
 1678. C. macrocephalus Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 670, t. 682, fig. A. 
 
 /i,a/c/909, long; K(f>a\rj, head. 
 
 P. 12-15 mm., ashy grey, or slate colour, disc brown, submembra- 
 naceous, cylindrical, 18 mm- high, then cylindrico-campanulate, 
 sprinkled with adpressed, or patent, pointed scales; margin slightly 
 striate. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4 mm., dirty white, attenuated upwards, 
 clothed with short cottony down, and with longer, sometimes defiexed, 
 loose fibres, base strigose. Gills at length black, quite free, linear, 1- 
 2 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores black, 
 "broadly elliptical, or obliquely pip-shaped, 11-15 x 7-9 /x" Massee. 
 Subcaespitose. Putrid dung. March Sept. Rare. 
 
 1679. C. nycthemerus Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 542, fig. D, as 
 Agaricus ephemerus. vv%0ijfj,epov, a day and night. 
 
 P. 8-15 mm., grey, disc fuscous, or tawny, very tender, cylindrico- 
 conical, 12-15 mm. high, soon opening into furrows and flattened, 
 furfuraceo-fiocculose, at length naked and forked-striate. St. 4 cm. x 
 1-2 mm., whitish cream colour, becoming pale white, equal, flaccid, 
 smooth, base slightly bulbous. Gills ochraceous cream colour, then 
 brownish black, free, at length remote, narrow, linear. Spores "brownish 
 black, pruniform ovoid, 10/x," Quel. Subcaespitose. On dung. Pas- 
 tures, and gardens. July Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1680. C. cordisporus Gibbs. Lange, Dansk. Bot. Ark. bind 2, no. 3, 
 t. 1, fig. g. Cor, the heart; (nropd, seed. 
 
 P. 3-9 mm., whitish, or pallid ochraceous, disc sprinkled with tawny, 
 furfuraceous papillae, membranaceous, cylindric-ovate, 3-8 mm. high,
 
 512 COPBINUS 
 
 then expanded, at length upturned, plicato-sulcate, splitting along 
 the backs of the gills; margin crenate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., 
 whitish-hyaline, glabrous, equal, base slightly thickened and densely 
 strigose-squamulose. Gills pale, then blackish, free, ending close to the 
 st., rather narrow, 25-30 in number in the larger pilei; intermediate 
 shorter ones few or none. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores dark 
 brown-purple, laterally compressed, front view obtusely cordate, 
 9-10/u, diameter, side view elliptical, 9-11 x 5-6/n. Cystidia cylindric- 
 fusiform, 50 x lOp,. On cow, horse, sheep, and rabbit dung. April 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1681. C. radiatus (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 671, t. 683, fig. A. 
 
 Radiatus, beaming. 
 
 P. 2-6 mm,, dingy yellowish, or greyish, disc darker, often rufescent, 
 very tender, membranaceous, clavate, then campanulate, soon opening 
 into furrows, flattened, radiato-plicate, pellucid, covered with cinereous 
 down, soon naked. St. 5-25 x 1 mm., hyaline, equal, often pruinose 
 when young, becoming smooth, base silky and villose. Gills whitish, 
 then pallid blackish, free, few, distant. Flesh white, very thin. Spores 
 black, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/4. In troops. Cow, and horse dung. 
 Woods, and pastures. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1682. C. Spraguei Berk. & Curt. Cke. Illus. no. 671, t. 683, fig. B. 
 
 Charles J. Sprague. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., greyish, disc tawny, very tender, membranaceous, 
 conical, then campanulate, at length expanded and revolute, tomen- 
 tose, plicate; margin coarsely striate. St. 3 4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pale 
 cinnamon, equal, smooth. Gills white, then blackish, free, few, dis- 
 tant, narrow. Flesh whitish, tawny at the disc, very thin. Spores 
 black, "elliptical, slightly curved, 10 x 5/z" Massee. Gardens. July. 
 Rare. 
 
 1683. C. urticaecola (B. & Br.) Buller. Cke. Illus. no. 622, t. 596, 
 fig. B, as Psathyra urticaecola B. & Br. 
 
 Urtica, nettle; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 P. 46 mm., chalky white, spherical, then hemispherical, becoming 
 revolute and radially split, beset with numerous, small, white scales, 
 composed of matted hyphae. St. 1-5-2 cm. x 2 mm., white, at- 
 tenuated upwards, smooth, hollow, base floccose. Gills white, then 
 chocolate, ventricose, 1-5 mm. wide, very thin. Spores chocolate, oval, 
 7 x 4/Li; basidia dimorphic. Cystidia cylindrical-oval, firmly fixed 
 by both ends. Nettle roots, sticks, dead leaves and grass haulms. 
 June Aug. Uncommon. 
 
 1684. C. platypus Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 675, t. 687, fig. B. 
 
 7T\aTi><;, broad; rroixf, foot. 
 P. 4-6 mm., white, then ochraceous flocculose, campanulate, convex,
 
 COPRINUS 513 
 
 then expanded. St. 6-8 x 1 mm., whitish, flattened and discoid at the 
 base, smooth. Gills becoming black, free, narrow, distant. Flesh white, 
 thin. Spores "blackish, 8 x 6 /A" Massee. On dead stems of Phalaris 
 arundinacea, and on Palm stems in conservatories. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1685. C. Spegazzinii Karat. 
 
 C. Spegazzini, the South American mycologist. 
 P. 3 cm., greyish, cylindrical, or oval, 2 cm. high, then expanding 
 and splitting up to the disc, at first with a cobweb-like covering, and 
 even, soon naked and grooved. St. 6-7 cm., white, thickened below and 
 rooting, adpressedly silky. Gills free. Flesh very thin. Spores elliptical, 
 9-14 x 5-6/A. On soil in a plant pot. Rare. 
 
 ***P. micaceous or furfuraceous. Gills commonly adnate to the apex 
 of the st., which (in some species) is dilated into a ring or collar. 
 Ringless. 
 
 1686. C. domesticus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 140, fig. 3. 
 
 Domesticus, pertaining to the house. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., fuliginous, disc date brown, submembranaceous, ovate, 
 then campanulate, furfuraceo-squamulose, then opening into furrows, 
 and flattened, undulato-sulcate, disc obtuse, even. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 
 2-6 mm., white, slightly firm, attenuated upwards, adpressedly silky, 
 then polished. Gills white, then flesh colour, at length fuscous blackish, 
 adnexed, linear, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, fuliginous in the p., thin. 
 Spores black, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6 jn. Cystidia "only on edge of gill, 
 globular, about 5/n broad, with or without a 5-16/u, long, 5-6 /z broad, 
 appendix" Lange. Often caespitose. On damp carpets, in cellars, 
 on old walls, and in gardens. April Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1687. C. stercorarius Fr. Stercorarius, belonging to dung. 
 P. 2-3 cm., whitish, very tender, membranaceous, ovate, then cam- 
 panulate, at length expanded, pellucid, covered with dense, micaceous, 
 somewhat persistent, shining white meal; margin striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 
 2 mm., shining white, fragile, attenuated upwards from the thickened 
 base, pruinose, becoming smooth, often springing from a darkish 
 sclerotium. Gills white, soon black, adnexed, attenuated behind, ven- 
 tricose, 1-2 mm. broad. Flesh white, greyish at the disc, very thin. 
 Spores black, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 7-10 x 7-8 /A. Cystidia 
 "vesiculose-clavate, 50-75 x 30-40 /A" Rick. Rich soil, dung, road- 
 sides. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1688. C. tuberosus Quel. (= Coprinus stercorarius Fr. sec. Lange.) 
 Quel. Soc. bot. xxv, t. 3, fig. 2. Tuberosus, having a swelling. 
 
 P. 3-5 mm., white, then greyish, membranaceous, elliptical, then 
 campanulate, finely striate, covered with hyaline, warted, granular 
 vesicles, the remains of the universal veil. St. 24 cm. x 1 mm., white >
 
 514 COPRINUS 
 
 hyaline, equal, flexuose, silky, villose, springing from a small, Hawkish 
 brown sclerotium. Gills white, then purplish black, free, narrow, edge 
 micaceous. Flesh very thin. Spores black, elliptical, 12/z. On dung, 
 and decaying vegetable matter. Pastures. May Dec. Uncommon. 
 
 1689. C. stellaris Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. xxiv, t. 5, fig. 6. 
 
 Stellaris, starry. 
 
 P. 1-2 mm., snow white, then greyish, ovate, then campanulate, 
 striate, at length split in a star-like manner, crowned with minute, 
 pellucid vesicles, the remains of the universal veil. St. 1-2 cm. x 1 mm., 
 hyaline, velvety with long, silky white hairs. Gills greyish, then brown, 
 adnate, narrow. Spores for a long time hyaline, then brownish bistre, 
 elliptical, 8p. Fox, cow, and human dung. Caves, and pastures. 
 April July. Rare. 
 
 1690. C. Friesii Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 23, fig. 5. 
 
 Elias Fries, the eminent Swedish mycologist. 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., snow white, then striate and violaceous at the margin, 
 at length grey, ovate elliptical, then revolute, floccosely mealy. St. 
 5-20 x 1 mm., white, equal, pulverulent, base surrounded by a floccose 
 collar. Gills white, then violaceous, at length brownish black, free, 
 narrow, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores brownish black, 
 angularly globose, 8-10-5 x 6-7-5/1. Dead grass stems. Aug. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1691. C. tigrinellus Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 139. 
 
 Tigrinettus, spotted like a tiger. 
 
 P. 1 cm., snow white, covered with small, scattered, blackish flocci, 
 especially at the disc, becoming rosy towards the striate margin and at 
 length greyish, oblong, then slightly campanulate, at length revolute 
 at the margin, pulverulent. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal, 
 smooth ; base somewhat marginately bulbous, velvety, and often with 
 blackish flocci like the p. Gills white, then brownish, free, narrow. Flesh 
 white, thin. Spores brownish black, fuliginous under the microscope, 
 broadly elliptical, 11 x 7fj,. Dead leaves of Carex riparia, Carex 
 paludosa, more rarely of Iris Pseudacorus. July Aug. Uncommon. 
 
 1692. C. Gibbsii Massee & Crossland. 
 
 Thomas Gibbs, a Yorkshire mycologist. 
 
 P. -5 mm., pale ochraceous, disc darker, hemispherical, then ex- 
 panded, striate, smooth, minutely atomate. St. 4-7 mm., white, pellu- 
 cid, smooth, attached by a few white strands of mycelium. Gills 
 adnate, 57 in number. Spores purplish brown, subcircular, com- 
 pressed, 8-9 fj, in diameter, 5/u. thick. Cystidia pyriform. Horse, and 
 sheep dung. Nov. Uncommon.
 
 COPRINUS 515 
 
 1693. C. ephemeras (Bull.) Fr. Cke. IUus. no. 673, t. 685, fig. B. 
 
 e<j)iifjLepo<;, lasting but a day. 
 
 P. 6-18 mm., greyish, disc rufescent, very tender, membranaceous, 
 ovali-clavate, then soon campanulate, and on opening into furrows 
 flattened, radiato-sulcate, disc elevated, often umbonate, even, at first 
 slightly scurfy, then naked (but minutely mealy under a lens). St. 
 2-5-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, pellucid, equal, smooth. Gills whitish, 
 then fuscous, at length black, reaching the st., remote, linear. Flesh 
 white, very thin. Spores black, ovate, or cylindrical-elliptical, 8 
 10 x 5-5-8/z. Cystidia vesiculose, globular or subconical, sometimes 
 with a bottle-neck apex, 20-50 x 16-30 /A. On horse, and rabbit dung. 
 Dung-hills, and pastures. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1694. C. bisporus Lange. (= Coprinus bisporiger Buller.) 
 
 Bis, twice; aTropd, seed. 
 
 P. 5-12 mm. high and broad, pallid, or ochraceous, then greyish- 
 hyaline, ovate-conical, then revolute and radially sulcate up to the 
 prominent disc, covered with erect, minute hairs, 45-120 x 12-24/z. 
 St. 3-8 cm. x 1-3 mm., white, equal, base strigose. Gills white, then 
 blackish, adnexed, narrow, 2 mm. wide. Flesh white, ochraceous under 
 the pellicle of the pileus, thin except at the disc. Spores purplish- brown 
 in the mass, dark brown under the microscope, oval, or oblong ellip- 
 tical, 12-14 x 6-7 /i ; basidia broadly ovate, 8-10/x in diam., with 2- 
 sterigmata. Cystidia inflated, ovate, 80-90 x 45-55/x. Wood and 
 dung. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1695. C. velox Godey. Gillet, Champ. Fr. Hym. t. 175 
 
 Velox, fleeting. 
 
 P. 3-4 mm., greyish, membranaceous, cylindrical then obovate, soon 
 expanded, striate, furrowed, disc and ribs scurfy. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 1mm., 
 white, somewhat pellucid, covered with short, whitish fiocci, especially 
 towards the radiating fibrillose base. Gills grey, then black, reaching the 
 stem, thin. Flesh very thin. Spores "dark brown, elliptical, 7-5-9 x 
 4-5/z" Lange. Cystidia "none" Massee and Salmon. Cow, and horse 
 dung. Oct. Jan. Uncommon. 
 
 1696. C. aquatilis Peck. Peck, 27th Rep. New York State Mus. t. 1, 
 figs. 26-28. Aquatilis, found in or near water. 
 
 P. 1-5-2 cm., yellowish brown, campanulate, sulcate-plicate almost 
 to the apex, scurfy. St. 5-7 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, equal, scurfy. 
 Gills brownish, then black, reaching the st. Flesh of p. pale orange, 
 thin. On decaying sticks, or twigs partly submerged, or lying in wet 
 mossy places, also on Luzula sylvatica. June. Rare. 
 
 332
 
 516 COPRINUS 
 
 1697. C. sociatus Fr. (= Psathyrella crenata (Lasch) Fr. sec. Rick.) 
 
 Sociatus, gregarious. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., fuscous, then becoming pale, disc date brown, even, and 
 umbilicate, very tender, ovali-cylindrical, then expanded, densely split 
 into furrows, the raised ribs slightly scurfy. St. 4-6 cm. x 12 mm., 
 white, delicately attenuated from the base, smooth. Gills grey, then 
 cinereous black, adnexed in the form of a ring, attenuated behind, 
 slightly ventricose. Flesh very thin. Spores " brownish black, ovate- 
 oval, 12 x 1[i. Cystidia somewhat bottle-shaped with a broad neck, 
 20-25 JM broad" Lange. Damp ground in gardens, old walls, and 
 woods. July Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1698. C. plicatilis (Curt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 674, t. 686, fig. A. 
 
 Plicatilis, folded. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., fuscous, then bluish-grey-cinereous, disc darker, fuscous 
 or rufescent, ovali-cylindrical, then campanulate, soon expanded, 
 opening into furrows, sulcato-plicate, for the most part smooth, disc 
 broad, even, at length depressed. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, 
 somewhat pellucid, equal, smooth. Gills cream colour, then grey, at 
 length grey-blackish, remote from the st., and adnate to a collar formed 
 by the dilated apex of the st., distant. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores 
 black, broadly elliptical, 10-12 x 8-9/z. Cystidia vesiculose, 60- 
 85 x 25-35/a. Woods, pastures, roadsides, and gardens. April Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1699. C. curtus Kalchbr. (= Coprinus plicatiloides Buller.) Lange, 
 Dansk. Bot. Ark. bind 2, no. 3, t. 1, fig. h. Curtus, short. 
 
 P. -5-1-5 cm. broad, 3-8 mm. high, foxy-red, or rufescent to tan colour 
 at first, becoming grey to dark grey, disc tan coloured, oval, to cylindrical, 
 or elliptical, then expanded and flattened with a strongly depressed 
 disc, splitting along the lines of the gills and becoming plicate, bearing 
 a certain number of minute, scattered, flaky, separable, rufescent or 
 whitish scales, consisting of globose, angular, or elliptical cells, often 
 in chains, 12-30jt in diam., some brown and some colourless, not 
 ornamented with crystals of calcium oxalate, the pileus also villose 
 or downy with many colourless hairs, 70-100 x 5/x, enlarged at the 
 apex where minute drops of a clear fluid are exuded under moist 
 conditions. St. 28 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, becoming stained with dull 
 yellow, equal, smooth, hollow. Gills grey, then black, at first attached 
 to the stem by the margin for its entire length, then adnexed, and 
 finally free, linear, narrow ; margin, before autodigestion begins, slightly 
 divided, fimbriate. Flesh white, thin. Spores black in the mass, dark 
 brownish to black under the microscope, elliptical, 9-15 x 6-9/z. 
 Cystidia on gill surface none. Horse dung. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (**)
 
 COPRINUS 517 
 
 1700. C. filiformis B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 674, t. 686, fig. B. 
 
 Filum, a thread ; forma, shape. 
 
 P. 1-2 mm., grey, shining with white mealy particles, very tender, 
 cylindrical, 1-2 mm. high, striate. St. 10-15 x -5 mm., white, 
 hyaline, sprinkled with a few, short, delicate hairs. Gills "blackish, 
 adnate, linear" W. G. Sm. Spores "subglobose, 5 x 4/z," Massee. 
 On the ground. Woods, and pastures. April Sept. Uncommon 
 (v.v.) 
 
 ****P. always smooth. Ringless. 
 
 1701. C. hemerobius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 675, t. 687, fig. A. 
 
 ri/Aepa, a day; /3io9, life. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., greyish, disc and surface of ribs date brown, ovate, then 
 campanulate, radiately sulcate up to the even, not depressed disc, smooth. 
 St. 5-9 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, fragile, attenuated upwards, smooth. 
 Gills pallid, then blackish, adnate to the dilated apex of the St., attenuated 
 at the margin, linear, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, very thin at the 
 margin. Spores black, elliptical, with a hyaline apical or oblique 
 germ-pore, 10-11 x 5/z. Cystidia "bottle-shaped, or cylindrical- 
 conical, 60-70 x 15-20 /x" Rick. Pastures, and woods, especially 
 beech. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 C. hiascens (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyrella hiascens Fr. 
 
 C. disseminatus (Pers.) Quel. = Psathyrella disseminata (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 1702. C. eburneus Quel. Quel. As. fr. (1883), t. 6, fig. 9. 
 
 Eburneus, white as ivory. 
 
 Entirely white and shining. P. 3-4 cm., elliptic campanulate, firm, 
 striate, polished, besprinkled with small, recurved, fugacious flocci. 
 St. 5 cm. x 6-8 mm., firm, smooth. Gills white, then deep bay, free, 
 lanceolate, tardily deliquescing. Spores violet, almond-shaped, 14/x. 
 Mountainous pastures. July Sept. Rare. 
 
 1703. C. Schroeteri Karst. J. Schroter, the Silesian mycologist. 
 
 P. 1 cm., dingy ochraceous, becoming pale, at length sooty grey, 
 elliptical, then expanded, sulcate, smooth. St. 1-2 cm., minutely 
 pulverulent at first, slightly striate upwards. Gills brown, free. Spores 
 black, angularly subglobose, 13-15 x 8-12ju,. On cow dung. Rare. 
 
 var. proximellus (Karst.) Massee. 
 
 Proximellus, somewhat nearly related. 
 
 Differs from the type in the elliptical spores, 10-13 x 5-7 JLI. 
 Manured ground. Rare.
 
 518 MARASMIUS 
 
 IV. Receptacle membranaceous, tough, reviving with moisture, 
 not putrescent. Spores white. 
 
 *Pileus with a thin, unspecialized cellular pellicle. 
 
 Marasmius Fr. 
 (fjiapaivo), I die away.) 
 
 Pileus membranaceous, or coriaceous, regular, or resupinate. Stem 
 central, or wanting, cartilaginous, or horny. Gills adnate, adnexed, 
 decurrent, or free, pliant, rather tough. Spores white ; elliptical, pip- 
 shaped, oblong elliptical, almond-shaped, tear-drop-shaped, globose, 
 or subglobose; smooth, punctate, or echinulate; continuous. Cystidia 
 present, or absent. Growing on the ground, or on wood; solitary, 
 gregarious, caespitose, or fasciculate. 
 
 A. Margin of p. incurved at first. St. cartilaginous. 
 Mycelium floccose. 
 
 a. St. externally villose, or pruinose. Gills separating, free. 
 *St. woolly, or strigose, at the base. 
 
 1704. M. urens (Bull.) Fr. (= Marasmius peronatus Bolt. sec. Quel.) 
 Gonnerm. & Rabenh. Heft. 8-9, t. 8, fig. 1. Urens, burning. 
 
 P. 3-7-5 cm., deep yellow, or pinkish buff, becoming paler, disc 
 darker and often slightly depressed, slightly fleshy, convex, then 
 plane, here and there squamulose, or rimoso-squamulose when dry; 
 margin thin, involute. St. 45 cm. x 26 mm., concolorous, equal, or 
 slightly bulbous at the base, covered with white farinose down. Gills 
 pale wood colour, then brown, free, united behind, at length remote, 
 distant, tough. Flesh yellowish. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 
 8 x 4/n, 1-2-guttulate. Taste very acrid. Woods. May Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1705. M. peronatus (Bolt.) Fr. (= Marasmius urens Bull. sec. Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 1070, t. 1117. 
 
 Peronatus, wearing boots of untanned leather. 
 P. 3-6 cm., light yellowish, or pallid brick rufescent, then becoming 
 pale wood colour, or tan, at first fleshy-pliant, then coriaceo-membrana- 
 ceous, convex, then plane, obtuse, flaccid, slightly wrinkled, at length 
 lacunose; margin striate. St. 5-9 cm. x 2-6 mm., white, clothed with 
 dense white, or yellowish villose, strigose hairs in the basal third, at- 
 tenuated upwards, incurved at the base. Gills cream colour, then 
 pallid wood colour and rufescent, adnexed, then separating, free, 
 moderately thin, crowded. Flesh yellowish. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 or tear-drop-shaped 7-10 x 4-5ju. Taste acrid. Woods. July Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.)
 
 MARASMIUS 519 
 
 1706. M. porreus (Pers.) Fr. Porrum, a leek. 
 P. 25 cm., dingy yellowish, pallid when dry, coriaceo-membrana- 
 
 ceous, flaccid, convex, then flattened, obtuse; margin striate. St. 
 7-11 cm. x 3-5 mm., red-fuscous, paler at the apex, tough, pubescent, 
 somewhat thickened at both ends, villose at the base, containing a red 
 juice. Gills light yellowish, becoming pale, separating free, distant, 
 rather thick, tough, broadly linear, at length coriaceous. Flesh red- 
 dish. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/z,, 2-many-guttulate. Smell 
 strong, of garlic. Deciduous woods. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **St. naked at base. 
 
 1707. M. oreades (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1072, t. 1118. 
 
 'O/jeta9, belonging to mountains. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., rufescent, then becoming pale, hygrophanous, whitish when 
 dry, fleshy, pliant, convex, then plane, subumbonate; margin striate 
 when moist. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, very tough, equal, 
 everywhere clothed with a villose-woven cuticle. Gills pallid-white, free, 
 broad, distant, the alternate ones shorter, at first soft, then firmer. 
 Flesh pale-ochraceous. Spores white, elliptical, with an oblique basal 
 apiculus, 7-8 x 5/x. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. In rings in 
 pastures, on lawns, and roadsides. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1708. M. globularis Fr. (= Marasmius Wynnei B. & Br.) Trans. Brit 
 Myc. Soc. in, t. 13. Globularis, globular. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., milk white, then shining, often tinted with rose or 
 greyish violet, and finally fuscous violaceous, globose, then campanulate, 
 hygrophanous, pellucidly striate. St. 25 cm. x 34 mm., white, then 
 brownish at the base, flexuose, pulverulent. Gills white, then dingy, free, 
 distant, ventricose. Spores white, ovoid pruniform, 9 x 7/z,, 1-guttu- 
 late. Smell pleasant like that of Marasmius oreades. Taste mild. 
 Edible. Beech woods, and under beeches. Aug. Dec. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. carpathicus (Kalchbr.) Cost. & Dufour. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 26, 
 fig. 4. Carpathicus, Carpathian. 
 
 Differs from the type in the stem becoming blackish at the base. 
 On stumps and amongst dead leaves. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1709. M. plancus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1073, t. 1119, fig. A. 
 
 Plancus, flat footed. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., rufescent, then becoming pale, thin, flexuose, plane, or 
 depressed, somewhat repand, obtuse. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., pale 
 yellow, soon compressed, unequal, twisted, covered with a white villose 
 cortex ; base naked, somewhat attenuated. Gills yellow, then bright bay, 
 or rust colour, narrow, distant, becoming free. Taste mild. Deciduous 
 woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon.
 
 520 MARASMIUS 
 
 1710. M. scorteus Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1073, t. 1119, fig. B. 
 
 Scorteus, made of leather. 
 
 P. 6-10 mm., pallid, often whitish, slightly fleshy, convex, then 
 plane, obtuse, at length rugulose. St. 2-5 cm. x 12 mm., white, be- 
 coming fuscous and contorted when dry, equal, delicately pruinose at 
 the apex, tough. Gills white, quite free, remarkably broad, rounded 
 behind, ventricose. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 6/u,. Taste mild. De- 
 ciduous woods, moist places, and amongst grass under trees. Aug. 
 Jan. Uncommon. 
 
 b. St. rooting, distinctly cartilaginous. Gills separa ting-free. 
 *St. woolly downwards, smooth upwards. 
 
 1711. M. prasiosmus Fr. (= Marasmius archyropus Pers. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Trpda-ov, a leek; 007x77, smell. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., pale dingy yellow, or whitish, disc darker, submembrana- 
 ceous, campanulate, then convex and plane, obtuse, rugulose ; margin 
 striate when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, becoming reddish 
 at the base, equal, tough, tomentose, thickened and often incurved at 
 the base, and adherent to the leaves. Gills white, then pallid, slightly 
 adnexed, somewhat crowded. Spores white, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 4- 
 5/A, 1-many-guttulate. Cystidia none. Smell and taste strqng, of garlic, 
 persistent. Edible. Beech woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1712. M. varicosus Fr. (= Marasmius fuscopurpureus Pers. sec. 
 Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 72. Varicosus, full of dilated veins. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., fuscous purple, becoming darker when dry, submem- 
 branaceous, pliant, campanulate, then convex and plane, umbonate, 
 even. St. 36 cm. x 24 mm., rubiginous, blackish when dry, filled 
 with dark blood-coloured juice, which forms drops when it is broken, very 
 minutely tomentose, often longitudinally grooved; base reddish, 
 strigose. Gills white, then becoming concolorous with the pileus, adnate, 
 or almost free, very crowded, linear, very narrow. Flesh concolorous. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5-3jLc. Damp mossy places. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1713. M. fuscopurpureus (Pers.) Fr. (= Marasmius varicosus Fr. sec. 
 Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1075, t. 1121, fig. B. 
 
 Fuscus, dark; purpureus, purple. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., dark purple, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy, at 
 first hemispherical, then plane, obsoletely umbilicate, slightly wrinkled. 
 St. 2-5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, then rufous, or dark purple, sheathed 
 towards the base with strigose, rubiginous down. Gills rufescent, ad- 
 nexed in the form of a ring, then free, distant, narrow. Flesh dark 
 coloured. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 3/u, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. 
 Oak, and beech woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 MARASMIUS 521 
 
 1714. M. terginus Fr. (= Marasmius Stephensii Berk. sec. Fr.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 174, fig. 4. Tergum, hide. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., flesh colour when moist, whitish when dry, shining, 
 tough, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, at length somewhat 
 depressed ; margin striate when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid 
 upwards, reddish downwards, slightly attenuated upwards, longi- 
 tudinally fissile, white villose at the rooting base. Grills pallid, separating 
 free, somewhat crowded, narrow. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 
 6-7 x 4jit, punctate. Taste mild. Edible. Amongst leaves, and on 
 twigs in deciduous woods. Oct. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 1715. M. esculentus (Wulf.) Karst. (= Cottybia esculenta (Wulf.) Fr.; 
 Collybia conigena Fr. (non Pers.) sec. Bres. ; Collybia clavus 
 SchaefL sec. Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 198, fig. 1. 
 
 Esculentus, edible. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., lurid ochraceous, or pale yellowish, somewhat fleshy, 
 convex, then plane, moist, sometimes subumbonate; margin at first 
 pellucidly striate. St. 2-7 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, then concolorous, 
 equal, apex pruinose; base long, rooting, tomentosely fibrillose. Gills 
 white, often becoming yellowish at the edge, rounded behind, adnexed, 
 crowded. Spores white, oblong, 5-6 x 2-3/z. Cystidia capitate at the 
 apex, ventricosely fusiform, 40-66 x 10-18/*, very thick walled. 
 Taste slightly bitter. Edible. On buried cones of conifers in woods, 
 and plantations. Sept. May. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1716. M. conigenus (Pers.) Karst. (= Collybia conigena (Pers.) Bres.; 
 Collybia tenacella Fr. and Collybia stolonifera Jungh. sec. Bres.) 
 Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 198, fig. 2. 
 
 KWVOS, a cone; ytyvofiat, to be born. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., fuscous, then paler, very rarely white, somewhat fleshy, 
 convex, or conico-campanulate, then expanded and subumbonate or 
 plane, moist. St. 2-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, soon ochraceous, equal, 
 apex white mealy; base long, rooting, tomentosely fibrillose. Gills 
 cinereous, then white, often becoming yellowish, sinuato-adnexed, 
 crowded. Spores white, oblong, depressed on one side, 4-5 x 2-5- 
 3/u.. Cystidia ventricosely fusiform, 48-72 x 10-14/i, thick walled. 
 Taste slightly bitter. Edible. On buried cones of conifers in woods, 
 and plantations. Sept. May. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 **St. (at least when dry) everywhere pruinosely velvety. 
 M. Wynnei B. & Br. = Marasmius globularis Fr. 
 
 1717. M. erythropus (Pers.) Fr. (= Collybia erythropus (Pers.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 1077, t. 1123, fig. B. epvdpos, red; TTOVS, foot. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., pallid, becoming whitish when dry, hygrophanous, 
 slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, slightly wrinkled when
 
 522 MABASMIUS 
 
 dry, striate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., dark red, apex paler, firm, tough, 
 often compressed, shining, pruinose when dry, base white strigose. 
 Gills whitish, becoming flesh colour, separating free, broad, lax, con- 
 nected by veins, subdistant. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, pip- 
 shaped, 6 x 3/it. Taste mild. Edible. Deciduous woods, and heaths. 
 Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1718. M. undatus (Berk.) Quel. (= Collybia undata Berk. ; Collybia 
 vertirugis Cke.) Cke. Ulus. no. 193, t. 149, upper figs., as Collybia 
 vertirugis Cke. Undatus, waved. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., dull brown, or cinereous, campanulate, then convexo- 
 plane, tough, submembranaceous, minutely pulverulent, radiato- 
 wrinkled. St. 56 cm. x 2-3 mm., rufous, apex whitish, sometimes 
 compressed, minutely velvety, base strigose. Gills white with a yellowish 
 tinge, adnate, connected by veins, subdistant, broad. Spores white, 
 subglobose, 6-7 x 4-5/z, apiculate at the one end. On dead, and cut 
 off bracken stems. Sept. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1719. M. hariolorum (DC.) Quel. (= Collybia hariolorum (DC.) Fr. ; 
 Collybia confluens (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 194, 
 t. 150, lower figs., as Collybia confluens Pers. 
 
 Hariolus, a soothsayer. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., rufescent, then flesh coloured, and finally whitish when 
 dry, submembranaceous, tough, pliant, campanulato-convex, then 
 flattened, obtuse, rather depressed. St. 7-12 cm. x 2-4 mm., flesh 
 colour, or purplish, cartilaginous, equal, often compressed, pulverulent 
 with white villose down, confluent at the base; apex pallid, naked. Gills 
 flesh colour, then whitish, linear, narrow, slightly adnexed, then free, 
 somewhat crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 5-7 x 3-4/1., 1-guttulate. 
 Cystidia "on edge of gill moniliform, 50-65 x 10-12 /i" Rick. Fascicu- 
 late. Amongst dead leaves in deciduous woods. June Dec. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 1720. M. ingratus (Schum.) Quel. (= Collybia ingrata (Schum.) Fr.) 
 Fr. Icon. t. 64, fig. 1, as Collybia ingrata (Schum.) Fr. 
 
 Ingratus, unpleasant. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., dingy fuscous-tan, or reddish, becoming whitish flesh 
 colour, slightly fleshy, pliant, globoso-campanulate, then expanded, 
 umbonate. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-8 mm., fuscous, or purplish, cartilagi- 
 nous, twisted, covered with a white pruina, often compressed, villose 
 internally, apex white mealy. Gills reddish brick colour, becoming 
 pallid, free, very crowded, narrow. Flesh reddish, or the same colour 
 as the pileus. Spores white, "lanceolate-fusiform, 7-8 x 3-4 /n. Cys- 
 tidia none" Rick. Smell mouldy, taste bitter. Caespitose. On dead 
 twigs in woods, and in damp places. Aug. Oct. Uncommon.
 
 MARASMIUS 523 
 
 1721. M. pruinatus Eea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. v, t. 8. 
 
 Pruinatus, covered with hoar frost. 
 
 P. 5-10 mm., white, becoming tinged with yellow, fleshy-horny, con- 
 vex, obtuse, or obsoletely papillate, pruinose; margin thin, incurved. 
 St. 1-5-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal, rigid, pruinose, base white 
 villose. Gills shining white, decurrent, very narrow, 1 mm. wide, sub- 
 distant. Flesh greyish, very tough, elastic. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 elongated into a long acute point at one end, blunt and rounded at 
 the other, 9-12 x 4/z, with a large central gutta. Oak woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1722. M. archyropus (Pers.) Fr. (= Marasmius prasiosmus Fr. sec. 
 Quel.) Gonn. & Rabenh. t. 8, fig. 6. 
 
 apyvpos, silver; TTOI;?, foot. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., tan colour, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex, then 
 plane, or depressed. St. 6-10 cm. x 2 mm., pallid rufescent under the 
 white tomentose pruina, which forms an outer covering, similar at the 
 base, rigid, tense, straight. Gills pallid, adnexed, separating, crowded, 
 linear. Flesh yellowish, deeper coloured in the stem. Spores white, 
 pip-shaped, 8-10 x 3-4/n, 1-3-guttulate. Deciduous woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1723. M. suaveolens Rea. (=Marasmius ingratus (Weinm.) Quel. var. 
 suaveolens Rea sec. Bataille.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, 1. 12, as 
 Marasmius archyropus (Pers.) Fr. var. suaveolens Rea. 
 
 Suaveolens, sweet smelling. 
 
 P. 4-56 cm., flesh colour, becoming pale, convex, then plane, or 
 depressed, tough; margin striate. St. 6-7 cm. x 2-3 mm., reddish, 
 apex paler, everywhere covered with a white tomentose pruina, be- 
 coming twisted when dried. Gills pallid, then fuscous, adnexed, sepa- 
 rating, crowded, 6-8 mm. wide, ventricose. Flesh whitish in the pileus, 
 reddish in the stem. Spores white, globose, 3-4/x. Smell very pleasant, 
 like Marasmius oreades. Beech woods, and under beeches. Sept. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1724. M. torquescens Quel. Quel. Jur. et'Vosg. i, t. 22, fig. 3. 
 
 Torquescens, becoming twisted. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., pallid, disc tawny, membranaceous, thin, convex, then 
 plane, striate, then sulcate. St. 4-6 cm. x 1-2 mm., brown, apex 
 smooth and whitish, delicately velvety, twisted and sulcate when dry, 
 white floccose at the base. Gills white, then reddish, free, thin, ventri- 
 cose, distant, minutely serrulate. Flesh whitish, reddish in the stem. 
 Spores white, almond-shaped, 9-10 x 6-7 fi. On twigs in woods, and 
 hedgerows. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 524 MARASMIUS 
 
 1725. M. obtusifolius Kea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. 
 
 Obtus, blunt ; folius, leaf, gill. 
 
 P. 1 cm., whitish, disc tawny, membranaceous, convexo-plane, with 
 a prominent umbo, smooth, sulcate; margin at first incurved. St. 
 3-4 cm. x 1 mm., tawny, apex white, equal, minutely velvety. Gills 
 pallid, adnate to a collar behind, 2 mm. wide, distant, simple ; edge 
 very obtuse, blunt, ciliate with the prominent cystidia. Flesh white, 
 tough, thin. Spores white, broadly oval, or subglobose, 14-15 x 
 10-1 2 [j,, with a large central gutta, thick walled; basidia clavate, 
 40-60 x 18-23/A, with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia abundant, fusiform, 
 ventricose, 95-145 x 17-25/i, apex capitate, 14-18/x, thin walled. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1726. M. impudicus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1078, t. 1124, fig. B. 
 
 Impudicus, disgusting. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., bay-brown-rufous, tinted with purple or lilac, becoming 
 pale when dry, slightly fleshy at the disc, convex, then plane, often 
 depressed in the centre, membranaceous, striato-plicate. St. 5 cm. x 
 2 mm., rufous, or rufous-fuscous when moist, sometimes violaceous- 
 purple, wholly covered over with white villose down when dry, equal, 
 often compressed, tough, flexile, rooting at the attenuated base. Gills 
 flesh colour, or greyish, then whitish, at first reaching the stem, then 
 free, truncate behind, connected by veins, ventricose, at first crowded, 
 then distant. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4-5 /u,, "minutely echinu- 
 late" Quel. Smell strong, disgusting, resinous. On pine trunks, and 
 needles in coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 ***St. smooth. 
 
 1727. M. dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 206, t. 204, as Collybia dryophila Fr. 
 
 Bpv<;, oak; </>tXo9, loving. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., bay-brown-rufous, yellow, ochraceous, or white, becoming 
 pale, slightly fleshy, tough, convexo-plane, obtuse, disc generally de- 
 pressed. St. 4-7 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, becoming yellow, or rufescent, 
 cartilaginous, somewhat rooting. Gills white, or becoming pale, some- 
 what free, crowded, narrow. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 5-6 x 3-4/Lt. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. May Nov. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. fonicularis (Fr.) Rea. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. 
 funicularis Fr.) Funiculus, a slender rope. 
 
 Larger than the type, caespitose. St. lax, decumbent, villose at the 
 
 base. Gills sulphur-yellow. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3jn. Woods, 
 
 and pastures. May Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. auratus (Quel.) Rea. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. 
 
 aurata Quel.) Auratus, golden.
 
 MARASMIUS 525 
 
 P. golden yellow. St. bright yellow. Gills cream colour. Woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. oedipus (Quel.) Eea. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. 
 oedipus Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 1, as Mycena galeropsis Fr. 
 
 oiSiTrovs, swollen footed. 
 
 Pale yellow amber. St. bulbous, vesiculosely swollen at the base. 
 Gills cream colour. In Sphagnum bogs. May Sept. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. alvearis (Cke.) Rea. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. al- 
 
 vearis Cke.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 5, fig. B, as Collybia 
 
 dryophila Bull. var. alvearis Cke. Alveare, a bee-hive. 
 
 P. 7-5 cm., dome-shaped, resembling the old straw bee-hive. St. 
 
 1 cm. at the base, rufescent. Amongst dead leaves. Sept. Nov. Not 
 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. aquosus (Bull.) Rea. (= Collybia aquosa (Bull.) Fr.) Fr. Icon. 
 
 t. 66, fig. 2, as Collybia aquosa (Bull.) Fr. Aquosus, watery. 
 
 Pale tan, becoming white. P. hygrophanous; margin striate. Spores 
 
 elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/i, 1-guttulate. Amongst moss in woods, and on 
 
 heaths. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1728. M. exsculptus (Fr.) Rea. (= Collybia exsculpta Fr. ; Collybia 
 dryophila (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 66, fig. 3, as Collybia 
 exsculpta Fr. Exsculptus, cut out. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., tawny brown, or sulphur yellow, slightly fleshy, tough, 
 convex, then expanded and umbilicate, unchangeable. St. 2-3 cm. x 
 3-4 mm., bright sulphur yellow, cartilaginous, incurved, base some- 
 times enlarged. Gills bright sulphur yellow, somewhat free (decurrent 
 with a small tooth), arcuate, linear, very crowded, narrow. Flesh 
 rufous. Spores white, 6-5-7 x 3-3-75/u.. Taste strong, mushroom-like. 
 Edible. Gregarious. On old pine stumps, and in coniferous woods. 
 May Oct. Uncommon. 
 c. St. abrupt, often furnished with a floccose tubercle at the base. 
 
 Gills adnate, or subdecurrent. 
 *Stem very smooth, and shining upwards, base simple. 
 
 1729. M. Vaillantii (Pers.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1080, t. 1126, fig. A. 
 
 Sebastian VaiUant. 
 
 P. 10-15 mm., whitish, somewhat membranaceous, pliant, convex, 
 soon flattened and depressed at the disc, plicato-rugose. St. 2-3 cm. x 
 1-2 mm., date-brown, bright, shining, thickened and paler upwards, 
 here and there obsoletely pruinate; base inserted, naked, blackish. 
 Gills white, adnate, somewhat decurrent on account of their triangular 
 form, broad, distant, distinct, simple. Spores white, oblong, 10-13 x 
 3-4/x. On twigs, leaves, and grass stems in woods. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.)
 
 526 MARASMIUS 
 
 1730. M. angulatus (Batsch) B. & Br. (= Marasmius graminum Lib. 
 sec. Quel.) Pers. Myc. Eur. m, t. 26, figs. 3, 4. 
 
 Angulatus, angled. 
 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., fuscous whitish, somewhat membranaceous, hemi- 
 spherical, then flattened, at length plicato-angular. St. 2-3 cm. x 
 1 mm., rufescent grey, thickened at both ends, base hairy. Gills whitish, 
 distant. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4/A. On grass, submerged 
 rushes, roots, on sandhills. Aug. Uncommon. 
 
 1731. M. languidus (Lasch) Fr. Languidus, weak. 
 P. 10-12 mm., white, inclining to flesh colour, or light yellow, slightly 
 
 fleshy, convex, then expanded and unibilicate, fiocculose, rugoso- 
 sulcate; margin involute. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, becoming 
 fuscous, thickened upwards, base generally white villose. Gills white, 
 adnate, then decurrent, distant, connected by veins, narrow. Spores 
 white, elliptical, 8/z, minutely punctate. On dead leaves of grass, 
 twigs, and dead herbaceous stems in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1732. M. rubricatus (B. & Br.) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 496, t. 509, 
 fig. C, as Naucoria rubricata B. & Br. Rubricatus, coloured red. 
 
 P. 6-10 mm., whitish, then tinged with red or buff, convex, then 
 plane. St. 6-12 x 1 mm., tan colour, incurved, and sprinkled with 
 delicate mealy granules at the base and about half way up. Gills 
 white, then brownish, adnexed, narrowed in front. Spores "colourless, 
 pyriform, 6 x 3/i" Massee. Dead twigs, and brambles. Sept. Oct. 
 Rare. 
 
 **St. velvety, or pruinate, base subtuberculose. 
 
 1733. M. foetidus (Sow.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 73. Foetidus, stinking. 
 P. 1*5 4 cm., bay-brown-tawny, membranaceous, somewhat pellucid, 
 
 pliant, convex, then expanded, at length umbilicate, striato-plicate. 
 St. 24 cm. x 12 mm., date brown, becoming blackish, everywhere vel- 
 vety, horny, attenuated downwards, abrupt, or sometimes inserted 
 with a very small floccose tubercle at the base. Gills yellowish 
 rufescent, adnate, or subdecurrent, distant, connected by veins. Flesh 
 yellowish, becoming blackish in the stem. Spores white, elliptical-oblong, 
 or tear-drop-shaped, 9-12 x 4-6/n, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, very 
 foetid. Dead twigs, and rotten branches in woods, and hedgerows. 
 Aug. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1734. M. inodorus Pat. Inodorus, without smell. 
 P. 1-2 cm., reddish brown, membranaceous, convex, then expanded, 
 
 covered with adpressed silky down. St. 1-2 cm. x 1-2 mm., blackish 
 red, apex pale, rigid, entirely covered with a white pruinosity consisting 
 of hyaline, short, flexuose hairs. Gills white, adnate, unequal, some-
 
 MARASMIUS 527 
 
 what crowded. Flesh white, blackish in the stem. Spores white, pip- 
 shaped, guttulate. On tree trunks. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1735. M. xerotoides von Post. Fr. Icon. t. 174, fig. 3. 
 
 Xerotus, the genus Xerotus, etSo?, like. 
 
 P. 4-8 mm., fuscous-umber and striate when moist, becoming pale 
 fuscous grey and somewhat undulate when dry, submembranaceous, 
 convex, obtuse, soon expanded and umbilicate; margin involute. St. 
 10-14 x 1 mm., grey or cinereous-fuscous, velvety; base swollen, and 
 strigose. Gills whitish, becoming cinereous, broadly adnate, subde- 
 current, distant, intermixed with shorter ones. Spores white, "ellip- 
 tical, 5 x 3p," Massee. On sandy soil in woods. Rare. 
 
 1736. M. lagopinus von Post. Xa7<o<?, a hare. 
 
 P. 2 cm., pallid, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane. St. 2-5 cm. x 
 1-2 mm., pallid, squamulose with white flocci for the lower half. Gills 
 pallid, adnate, somewhat ventricose. Spores "pale straw colour, sub- 
 globose, 3 x 2/x" Massee & Crossl. Dead branches, and on fir trunks. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 1737. M. amadelphus (Bull.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 130, fig. 2. 
 
 a, with; aSeX(/>6?, brother. 
 
 P. 6-12 mm., pale yellowish, becoming pale, margin whitish, fleshy- 
 menibranaceous, convex, hemispherical, then expanded and depressed, 
 or umbilicate, sulcately striate, pruinose under a lens. St. 1-1-5 cm. x 
 5-1 mm., concolorous, somewhat darker at the base, somewhat mealy 
 but becoming smooth, equal, undulate. Gills white, adnate, or sub- 
 decurrent, broad, distant, margin fimbriate. Spores white, oblong, 
 10-12 x 2-5/x. On trunks, and branches in coniferous woods. Sept. 
 Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Fr. Insignis, striking. 
 
 Differs from the type in the whitish, thinner pileus, and the more 
 distant, separating, pallid umber gills with tumid veins. On fir twigs. 
 
 1738. M. ramealis (BuU.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1082, t. 1127, fig. B. 
 
 Ramus, a branch. 
 
 P. 6-15 mm., white, disc rufescent, somewhat fleshy, convex, then 
 plane, obtuse, or depressed, slightly wrinkled, minutely silky under a 
 lens. St. 6-10 x 1-2 mm., whitish, base rufescent, tubercular when 
 young, often incurved, mealy, squamulosely hairy under a lens. Gills 
 white, adnate, connected behind, slightly distant, narrow. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 8-10 x 3-4ja, minutely punctate. On dead twigs, branches, 
 and bramble stems in woods, hedgerows, and wood stacks. Jan. 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 528 MABASMITTS 
 
 1739. M. Candidas (Bolt.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 75. 
 
 Candidus, shining white. 
 
 P. 3-15 mm., white, hemispherical, then plane, or slightly depressed, 
 pellucid, submembranaceous, at length wrinkled, sulcate. St. 5-15 x 
 1-2 mm., white, incurved, delicately pruinose; base floccose, at length 
 becoming fuscous. Gills white, adnexed, ventricose, distant. Flesh 
 white. Spores white, pip-shaped, 9 x 3/z, multi-guttulate. On pine 
 branches, and twigs. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1740. M. sclerotipes Bres. (= CollyUa cirrhata recent, auct. non Fr. 
 sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 11, fig. 1. 
 
 a-/c\rjp6Tr)<f, hardness; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 6-8 mm., shining white, umbilicate disc yellow, membranaceous, 
 convex, then plane, rugosely striate, somewhat flocculose. St. 12- 
 18 x -5-1 mm., pallid rufous, apex whitish, equal, springing from a 
 rufescent sclerotium, pruinose under a lens. Gills white, adnate, distant, 
 edgefimbriate. Spores white. On the ground in swampy places. Aug. 
 Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 B. Margin of p. straight, and adpressed to the stem at first. 
 St. cartilaginous. Mycelium rhizomorphoid, corticate. 
 
 1741. M. alliaceus (Jacq.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1083, t. 1128, fig. A. 
 
 Allium, garlic. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., whitish inclining to fuscous, often milk-white when young, 
 submembranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, subumbonate, at 
 length striate and sulcate. St. 4-20 cm. x 2-4 mm., blackish, horny, 
 rigid, attenuated upwards, pruinato-velvety ; base rooting, incurved, 
 naked. Gills whitish, adnexed in the form of a ring, then free, sub- 
 ventricose, slightly distant, crisped when dry. Flesh white, blackish 
 in the stem. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 3/z, 2-3-guttulate, "glo- 
 bose-elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 /x," Rick. Cystidia "bluntly fusiform, 45- 
 60 x 12-15/x" Rick. Smell very unpleasant, of garlic, persistent. 
 Amongst leaves, and on stumps in woods. Aug. Nov. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1742. M. molyoides Fr. yuwXu, wild garlic; eZSo?, like. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., brownish, then pale, submembranaceous, convex, then 
 plane and depressed, sometimes slightly striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 2- 
 3 mm., blackish fuscous, paler when young, white at the apex, equal, 
 base clavate, becoming twisted when old. Gills white, or yellowish, free, 
 crowded, ventricose; margin ciliate and darker coloured. Flesh pale 
 ochraceous. Spores white. Smell faint, of garlic when young, then in- 
 odorous. Amongst leaves in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon.
 
 MARASMIUS 529 
 
 1743. M. cohaerens (A. & S.) Cke. (== Marasmius ceratopus Pers. 
 sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 79, fig. 1, as Mycena cohaerens Fr. 
 
 Cohaerens, sticking together. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., cinnamon, or umber-tawny, becoming pale, slightly 
 fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, pruinose, velvety under a lens. St. 10- 
 12 cm. x 4 mm., bay brown, horny, very rigid, shining, apex whitish, 
 pruinose, caespitoso-fasciculate, base date-brown, glued together with 
 white villose down. Gills white, becoming pale, sprinkled with fulvous 
 bristles under a lens, rounded behind, somewhat free, distant, generally 
 connected by veins, very broad. Spores white, "lanceolate, 8-9 x 4/n. 
 Cystidia brown, fusiform-subulate, very pointed, 60-100 x 7-14/z, 
 thick walled" Rick. On trunks, and amongst leaves in deciduous 
 woods. Oct. Feb. Uncommon. 
 
 1744. M. cauticinalis (With.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 41, fig. 2. 
 
 Cautes, a rough pointed rock. 
 
 P. 12 cm., dingy yellow, becoming ferruginous, then ochraceous, 
 membranaceous, thin, pliant, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, at 
 length plane, umbilicate, and striato-sulcate. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 bay brown, paler and mealy upwards, rigid, tough, floccoso-villose at 
 the tubercular base, and arising from a filiform, dark bay mycelium. 
 Gills pallid light yellow, adnato-decurrent, subdistant, connected by a 
 network of veins. Flesh yellow, or rufescent. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 6-7 x 3-4ju,, 1-guttulate. Amongst needles in coniferous woods. 
 Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1745. M. torquatus Fr. Torquatus, adorned with a collar. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., whitish, or greyish white, truly campanulate, 1-2 cm. 
 high, membranaceous, tough, obtuse; margin plicato-sulcate. St. 3 
 4 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, equal, shining, base generally fuscous, arising 
 from a minute, round tubercle. Gills white, adnate to a free collar, con- 
 nected by veins, distant, ascending, unequal. Flesh of pileus pale 
 yellow. Spores white. On stems, and leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1746. M. scorodonius Fr. (= Marasmius alliatus Schaeff. sec. Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 1079, t. 1125, fig. A. o-xopoSov, garlic. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., rufous, soon becoming pale whitish, membranaceous, 
 pliant, convex, soon plane, obtuse, at length wrinkled and crisped. 
 St. 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., rufous, shining, horny, tough, equal, inserted 
 and naked at the base. Gills whitish, adnate, often separating, con- 
 nected by veins, crowded, narrow. Spores white, "lanceolate, 5-7 x 
 3 /A" Rick. Smell strong, of garlic. Edible. On twigs, and needles, 
 on heaths, and in pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 B. B. B. 34
 
 530 MARASMIUS. ANDROSACEUS 
 
 C. P. sessile, resupinate. 
 
 1747. M. spodoleucus B. & Br. (= Marasmius Broomei Berk. sec. 
 Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1088, t. 1137, fig. C. 
 
 <r7ro8o9, ashes; Xef/co?, white. 
 
 P. 4-5 mm., cinereous, conchate, resupinate, pulverulent, or slightly 
 furfuraceous ; margin free, arched. Gills white, few, narrow, entire, 
 so short as to leave a naked space at the base. Flesh umber. Spores 
 white, globose, 3-4/z. Dead twigs and stumps of elm. Nov. March. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Pileus with a thick, cellular pellicle, 
 f Cells of the pellicle upright, echinulate or verrucose. 
 Androsaceus (Pers.) Pat. (= Marasmius Fr. p.p.) 
 
 (ai/Spoo-a9, an unidentified sea plant.) 
 
 Pileus membranaceous, thin, regular, cells of pellicle echinulate, or 
 tuberculose. Stem central, horny. Gills adnate, emarginate, decur- 
 rent, or attached to a collar. Spores white, elliptical, pip-shaped, 
 oblong elliptical, subglobose, or club-shaped; smooth; continuous. 
 Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, fallen leaves, etc. 
 
 *Fleshy-membranaceous. 
 
 1748. A. calopus (Pers.) Pat. (= Marasmius calopus (Pers.) Fr.) Cke. 
 Ulus. no. 1079, t. 1125, fig. B, as Marasmius calopus Pers. 
 
 aXo9, beautiful; TTOU?, foot. 
 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., whitish, slightly fleshy, tough, convex, then flattened, 
 obtuse, rarely depressed, slightly wrinkled when dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 
 2 mm., bay-brown-rufous, tough, shining, attenuated upwards. Gills 
 white, slightly emarginate, thin, subdistant. Spores white, elliptical, 
 7 x 4/u-. On twigs, grass roots, etc. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 """Tender, pellucid. 
 
 1749. A. polyadelphus (Lasch) Pat. 1 (= Marasmius polyadelphus 
 (Lasch) Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1088, t. 1137, fig. B, as Marasmius 
 polyadelphus Lasch. 7roA,ua8eX<o9, with many brothers. 
 
 Entirely snow white. P. 2-3 mm., very tender, hemispherical, um- 
 bilicate, sulcate, pruinose, tomentose under a lens. St. 10-15 x 1 mm., 
 filiform, curved, flaccid, pruinose, thickened and floccose at the base. 
 Gills decurrent, very narrow, wrinkle-like, distant. Spores white, 
 "fusiform-lanceolate, 7-9 x 3-4 /M" Rick. Fasciculate, and in troops. 
 On dead oak, and beech leaves. Oct. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1750. A. flosculinus (Bataille) Rea. (= Marasmius fiosculus Quel.) 
 Quel. Soc. bot. 1878, t. 3, fig. 4. Fiosculus, a little flower, 
 
 P. 4-5 mm., white, shining, very thin, diaphanous, campanula te, 
 1 By an oversight this species was described under Omphalia (no. 1412), but 
 its correct position is here.
 
 ANDROSACEUS 531 
 
 then convex and umbilicate, ribbed, sulcate. St. 2-3 x -5 mm., bay 
 brown, shining, apex white, thickened, incurved, horny, base downy. 
 Gills white, adnate, distant, wide, thick. Spores "ovoid lanceolate, 
 10 /u, " Quel. On leaves of grasses. June Aug. Rare. 
 
 ***Membranaceous. 
 
 1751. A. rotula (Scop.) Pat. (= Marasmius rotula (Scop.) Fr.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 1084, t. 1129, fig. A, as Marasmius rotula Scop. 
 
 Rotula, a little wheel. 
 
 P. 5-15 mm., whitish, unicolorous, or with the umbilicus becoming 
 fuscous, membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, plicate; margin un- 
 dulato-crenulate. St. 2-5 cm. x 1 mm., blackish, horny, equal, shining, 
 striate when dry. Gills white, adnate to a cottar free from the stem, 
 broad, few (often equal), very distant. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 acutely attenuated at the one end, 7-9 x 3-5-4-5/u,. Cystidia vesi- 
 culose, apex echinulate, 14-16 x 7-8/n. On dead twigs and roots in 
 woods and hedgerows. May Jan. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1752. A. graminum (Lib.) Pat. (= Marasmius graminum (Lib.) 
 Berk.) Cke. Illus. no. 1084, t. 1129, fig. B, as Marasmius 
 graminum Lib. Graminum, of grasses. 
 
 P. 5-8 mm., rufous, or very pale rufous, the furrows paler, umbo 
 brown, nearly plane, umbonate, sulcate. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 1 mm., bay 
 or brownish tawny, white above, shining. Gills cream-coloured, adnate 
 to a collar free from the stem, few, subventricose, interstices veined. 
 Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4/j. On leaves, and stems of 
 grasses. July Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1753. A. androsaceus (Linn.) Pat. (= Marasmius androsaceus (Linn.) 
 Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1084, t. 1129, fig. C, as Marasmius andro- 
 saceus Bull. dvSpoa-aices, an unidentified sea plant. 
 
 P. 4-10 mm., whitish, or somewhat fuscous, membranaceous, sub- 
 umbilicate, wrinkled striate. St. 3-6 cm. x 1 mm., black, horny, very 
 tough, equal, contorted and striate when dry. Gills whitish or greyish 
 flesh colour, adnate, crowded, narrow. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 7 x 3-4/i. On leaves, and twigs, etc. April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1754. A. splachnoides (Hornem.) Rea. (= Marasmius splachnoides 
 (Hornem.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1085, 1. 1130, fig. A, as Marasmius 
 splachnoides Fr. cnr\dy)(vov, intestines ; et8o$, like. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., white, disc yellowish flesh colour, submembranaceous, 
 convex, then expanded and slightly umbilicate, sulcate. St. 2-4 cm. x 
 1 mm., red (becoming fuscous), apex whitish flesh colour, shining. Gills 
 white, subdecurrent, narrow, crowded, simple and anastomosing. 
 Spores white, elliptical, " 8 x 5/i " Cke. On pine, oak, and beech leaves 
 in woods. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 34^-2
 
 532 ANDROSACEUS 
 
 1755. A. Curreyi (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Marasmius Curreyi B. & Br.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 1085, t. 1130, fig. B, as Marasmius Curreyi 
 B. & Br. Frederick Currey, the eminent mycologist. 
 
 P. 4-10 mm., pallid rufous, furrows paler, umbo fuscous, somewhat 
 plane, sulcate, somewhat radiate. St. 23 cm. x 1 mm., black, apex 
 white, shining. Gills cream-coloured, attached to a collar, few, sub- 
 ventricose, interstices veined. Spores white, elliptical, 9 x 5-6 /LC. On 
 leaves of grasses. Aug. Uncommon. 
 
 1756. A. perforans (Fr.) Pat. (= Marasmius perforans Fr.; Maras- 
 mius abietis Batsch sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1085, t. 1130, 
 fig. C, as Marasmius perforans Fr. Perforans, boring through. 
 
 P. 812 mm., whitish, becoming pale rufescent, submembranaceous, 
 convexo-plane, minutely umbonate, then flattened, at length slightly 
 wrinkled. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm,, bay brown, then black, apex flesh colour, 
 tough, equal, velvety. Gills whitish, adnate, narrow, numerous, simple, 
 unequal (the alternate ones shorter), not very distant. Spores white, 
 "lanceolate, 6 x SJLC" Rick. Smell very foetid. On fir leaves. Aug. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 1757. A. insititms (Fr.) Rea. (= Marasmius insititius Fr.) Cke. Illus. 
 no. 1086, t. 1135, fig. A, as Marasmius insititius Fr. 
 
 Insititius, ingrafted. 
 
 P. 10-20 mm., white, membranaceous, pliant, convexo-plane, 
 somewhat umbilicate, then plicato-sulcate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., 
 rufous, inclining to fuscous, horny, attenuated downwards into an 
 inserted base, fioccoso-furfuraceous. Gills pale, to cream, broadly 
 adnate, attenuated at the margin, distant, simple, unequal. Spores 
 white, pip-shaped, 6-8 x 3-5-4/u.. Cystidia hyaline, cylindrical, cla- 
 vate or lanceolate, 40-50 x 5-6/t. On leaves, decayed grass, etc. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. albipes (Fr.) Rea. (= Marasmius insititius Fr. var. albipes Fr.) 
 Berk. Outl. t. 14, fig. 6, as Marasmius insititius Fr. 
 
 Albus, white ; pes, foot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the white stem. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 8-10 x 4-5/x, 1-multi-guttulate. On dead oak leaves and grasses. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1758. A. Hudsonii (Pers.) Pat. (= Marasmius Hudsoni (Pers.) Fr. ; 
 Marasmius pilosus (Huds.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1086, t. 1135, 
 fig. B, as Marasmius Hudsoni Pers. 
 
 William Hudson, author of "Flora Anglica." 
 
 P. 2-6 mm., pale fuscous-rufescent, membranaceous, hemispherical, 
 
 wrinkled, beset with scattered, long, purplish, or brownish hairs. St.
 
 ANDROSACEUS 533 
 
 1-2-5 cm. x -5 mm., dark purple, or reddish, horny, beset with the same 
 scattered hairs as the pileus, apex pale. Gills white, adnexed, narrow, 
 single, the alternate ones dimidiate, distant. Spores white, oblong 
 elliptical, 9-12 x 4-6/x, 1-2-guttulate. On faUen, dead holly-leaves 
 in woods, and under hollies elsewhere. March Dec. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1759. A. epichloe (Fr.) Rea. (= Marasmius epichloe Fr.; Marasmius 
 scabellus (A. & S.) Quel. sec. Bataille.) Cke. Illus. no. 1087, 
 t. 1136, fig. A, as Marasmius epichloe Fr. 
 
 eVt, upon; %Xo77, grass. 
 
 P. 4-5 mm., whitish, disc bay-brown-fuscous, thin, plano-convex, 
 subpapillate. St. 2-3 cm. x -5 mm., bay brown, paler at the base, 
 coarsely striate, striae setulose. Gills whitish, rounded, broader behind, 
 somewhat crowded. Spores white, "elliptical, 3 x 2/z" Cke. On dead 
 grass stems, and spines of Robinia. Aug. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1760. A. actinophoras Rea. (= Marasmius actinophorus (B. & Br.) 
 Massee, nee B. & Br. sec. Fetch.) Cke. Illus. no. 1087, t. 1136, 
 fig. B, as Marasmius actinophorus B. & Br. 
 
 aTt9, a ray; <f>epw, I bear. 
 
 P. 24 mm., pale bay brown, with distant darker radiating lines, very 
 thin, convex, then plane, umbilicate, wrinkled when dry. St. 1-2 cm. 
 x -5 mm., paler than the pileus, equal. Gills whitish, adnexed, narrow, 
 alternate ones shorter. Spores white, "subglobose, 3/u," Massee. On 
 fallen twigs. Aug. Rare. 
 
 1761. A. saccharinus (Batsch) Rea. (= Marasmius saccharinus 
 (Batsch) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1087, t. 1136, fig. C, as Marasmius 
 saccharinus Batsch. Saccharum, sugar. 
 
 P. 25 mm., snow white, membranaceous, convex, subpapillate, sul- 
 cate, and plicate. St. 1-5-2-5 cm. x -5 mm., white, reddish at the bulbose 
 base, pruinose, villose under a lens. Gills whitish, broadly adnate, 
 narrow, thick, very distant, reticulato-united. Spores white, "ovoid 
 lanceolate, 12/i, guttulate" Quel., "elliptical, 5 x 3/i" Massee. On 
 dead twigs, and leaves. Aug. Rare. 
 
 1762. A. epiphyllus (Fr.) Pat. (= Marasmius epiphyllus Fr.) 
 
 7ri, upon; <j>v\\ov, a leaf. 
 
 P. 4-10 mm., milk white, membranaceous, very thin, convex, then 
 plane, at length umbilicate, smooth, at length plicato-rugose. St. 1- 
 2-5 cm. x 1 mm., date brown, apex whitish, somewhat horny, equal, 
 velvety under a lens. Gills white, adnate, few, very distant, entire, 
 veined, branched. Spores white, "oval-oblong, 5-6 /x,, minutely aculeo- 
 late" Quel., "3 x 2/z" Cke. On dead leaves, twigs, etc. Sept. 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.)
 
 534 ANDROSACEUS. CRINIPELLIS. PANTJS 
 
 1763. A. epiphylloides Rea. (= Marasmius epiphyllus Fr. sec. Lange. 
 Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 14. 
 
 Epiphyllus, the species A. epiphyllus; etSo<?, like. 
 P. 2-5 mm., white, membranaceous, subspherical, then convex and 
 expanded. St. 3-8 x 5 mm., chestnut brown, apex white, equal. Gills 
 white, adnate, -5-1 mm. wide, sometimes connected by veins, few, 
 distant. Spores hyaline, club-shaped, 13-15 x 3-5-4/t, multi-guttulate. 
 Cystidia 43-45 x 9-10 /z, attenuated at the apex, ventricose at the 
 base. On dead leaves, and twigs. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 tf Cells of the pellicle decumbent, very long, fibrillose. 
 
 Crinipellis Pat. 
 (Crinis, hair; pellis, skin.) 
 
 Pileus membranaceous, regular, cells of pellicle long, thick, tough. 
 Stem central, firm. Gills adnate, or free. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 smooth, or punctate; continuous. Cystidia present. Growing on 
 wood, twigs, etc. 
 
 1764. C. stipitarius (Fr.) Pat. (= Marasmius scabellus (A. & S.) Quel. ; 
 Collybia stipitaria Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 193, t. 149, lower figs., as 
 Collybia stipitaria Fr. Stipitarius, possessing a stem. 
 
 P. 8-10 mm., ochraceous, disc becoming fuscous, membranaceous, 
 convexo-plane, umbonate, then umbilicate, zoned, velvety squamulose, 
 or fuscous fibrillose', margin white, scalloped. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 dark brown, shaggy-fbrillose, tough, channelled. Gills white, or with a 
 yellowish tinge, separating free, ventricose, somewhat distant. Flesh 
 brownish. Spores white, pip-shaped, 10-12 x 6-7 p., multi-guttulate. 
 Cystidia "subulate, 30-40 x 6-8 /A" Rick. On dead grass stems, 
 thatch, and .twigs. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1765. C. caulicinalis (Bull.) Rea. (= Marasmius caulicinalis (Bull.) 
 Quel.) Kav\6$, a stalk. 
 
 P. 10-15 mm., tan, or fawn colour, campanulate, then convex, thin, 
 delicately tomentose and pubescent. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., con- 
 colorous, brown at the attenuated base, fibrous, pubescent. Gills 
 whitish yellow, then tan, free, ventricose, thick. Flesh tan. Spores 
 white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 5/u,, punctate, 1-guttulate. On dead grass 
 stems. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 V. Receptacle coriaceous, fleshy-coriaceous, or woody. Spores white. 
 Pileus fleshy-coriaceous, gills somewhat soft. 
 
 Panus Fr. 
 (irav, all; ofc, ear.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy-coriaceous, excentric, dimidiate, or resupinate, sessile 
 or stipitate. Stem when present lateral, confluent with the pileus.
 
 PANUS 535 
 
 Gills soft, then coriaceous, decurrent, or arising from a central point. 
 Spores white, cylindrical, or elliptical; smooth, continuous. Cystidia 
 present, or absent. Growing on wood, often caespitose. 
 
 *P. irregular. St. excentric. 
 
 1766. P. conchatus (BuU.) Fr. (= Panus flabelliformis (Schaeff.) 
 Quel.) Krombh. t. 42, figs. 1, 2. Conchatus, sheU-shaped. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., cinnamon, then becoming pale, fleshy-pliant, thin, un- 
 equal, excentric, or dimidiate, flaccid, squamulose when old. St. 12 x 
 8 mm., pale, unequal, often compressed, base pubescent. Gills 
 whitish, or pale flesh colour, at length ochraceous wood-colour, deeply 
 decurrent in parallel lines, here and there branched, crisped when dry. 
 Flesh white. Spores white, cylindrical, 6 x 3ja, 1-2-guttulate. On 
 beech, and poplar stumps and willows. June Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1767. P. tomlosus (Pers.) Fr. (= Panus flabelliformis (Schaeff.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 1096, t. 1149, fig. B. Torulus, a tuft of hair. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., somewhat flesh colour, varying rufescent-livid, and be- 
 coming violet, entire, but very excentric, fleshy-pliant, then coriaceous, 
 plano-infundibuliform. St. 2-5 x 2-2-5 cm., pale, covered with grey 
 often violaceous down, oblique, tough, firm. Gills reddish, then tan 
 colour, decurrent, subdistant, simple, separate behind. Flesh pallid. 
 Spores white, cylindrical, 6 x 3ju., 1-2-guttulate. On old stumps of 
 birch and pollard willows. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1768. P. rudis Fr. (= Panus hirtus (Seer.) Quel.) Quel. Jur. et Vosg. 
 i, t. 14, fig. 1. Rudis, rough. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., ochraceous fawn, or reddish, fleshy, coriaceous, then 
 corky, thin, unequal, excentric, or dimidiate; margin incurved, lilac, 
 and bristling with hairs. St. 1-2 x 2-3 cm., ochraceous fawn, unequal, 
 shaggy with a rough, hairy, lilac velvet. Gills whitish pink, then pale 
 ochraceous fawn, very decurrent, narrow. Flesh white. Spores white, 
 cylindrical, 5-6 x 3/A, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill 
 cylindrical-clavate, 45-50 x 12/>t, very thick walled" Rick. Beech 
 stumps. May. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **St. definitely lateral. 
 
 1769. P. stipticus (Bull.) Fr. (= Panus far inaceus Schum. sec. Quel.) 
 
 crruTTTiKO"?, astringent. 
 
 P. 14 cm., cinnamon, becoming pale, thin, elastic, reniform, some- 
 times infundibuliform and lobed, pruinose, the cuticle breaking up into 
 furfuraceous scales. St. 5-20 x 2-3 mm., pale, coriaceous, dilated at 
 the apex, ascending, pruinose. Gills ochraceous, or cinnamon, ending 
 determinately, thin, very narrow, crowded, connected by veins. Flesh 
 concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-2-5/i. Cystidia "on
 
 536 PANUS. XEROTUS 
 
 edge of gill lanceolate, clavate at first, 30 x 15ju,, then 40-70 x 7- 
 8ju," Rick. Taste very astringent. Poisonous. On dead stumps, and 
 fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. farinaceus (Schum.) Rea. Farinaceus, mealy. 
 
 Differs from the type in the cuticle of the pileus breaking up into 
 whitish-bluish-grey scurf. Trunks, and fir branches. Oct. Dec. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. albido-tomentosus (Cke. & Massee) Rea. Cke. lUus. no. 1097, 
 t. 1144, fig. B, as Panus farinaceus Fr. 
 
 Albidus, whitish; tomentosus, hairy. 
 
 Differs from the type in the pileus being densely clothed with a short, 
 whitish, velvety tomentum. Trunks. Uncommon. 
 
 ***P. resupinate, sessile, or extended behind. 
 
 1770. P. patellaris Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 176, fig. 3. 
 
 Patellaris, like a little dish. 
 
 P. 10-15 mm., pallid externally, viscid, furfuraceo-villose, resupinate, 
 coriaceous, orbicular, piano-cup- shaped, adnate by the sessile vertex; 
 the free margin involute, villose, white. Gills dark ochraceous, con- 
 current in a central point, crowded. Flesh ochraceous. Spores white, 
 "elliptical, 8 ju," Quel. On beech, and cherry branches. Oct. March. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 1771. P. Stevensonii B. & Br. 
 
 Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist. 
 
 P. olivaceous-light-yellow, spathulate. St. golden, dilated upwards, 
 convex, slightly hispid. Gills narrow, entire. Flesh greenish-yellow. 
 On oak. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 Pileus membranaceous-coriaceous, gills coriaceous, branched, obtuse. 
 
 Xerotus Fr. 
 
 (1^/309, dry; ofc, an ear.) 
 
 Pileus membranaceous-coriaceous, regular. Stem central, confluent 
 with the pileus. Gills coriaceous, broadly plicaeform, dichotomous, 
 edge entire, obtuse. Spores white, elliptical, irregular. Growing on 
 the ground. 
 
 1772. X. degener Fr. (= Cantharellus carbonarius (A. & S.) Fr. sec. 
 Quel.) Degener, degenerate. 
 
 P. l'5-4 cm., date-brown-grey when moist, grey when dry, somewhat 
 zoned, coriaceo-membranaceous, very thin, but very tough, plano- 
 infundibuliform, striate when moist, flocculose when dry. St. 4-20 x 
 2 mm., fuscous, somewhat white-velvety, very tough, equal. Gills
 
 LENTINUS 537 
 
 whitish-grey, decurrent, few, very distant, when properly developed 
 thin, rather broad, edge acute, flaccid. Spores white, "elliptical, 
 irregular, 8-12 x 4-6 /u," Berk. On bare gravelly soil, and in peat 
 mosses. Jan. Very rare. 
 
 Pileus coriaceous, or woody, pliant; gills firm, often toothed. 
 
 Lentinus Fr. 
 
 (Lentus, pliant, or tough.) 
 
 Pileus coriaceous, pliant, more or less irregular, stipitate, or sessile. 
 Stem when present, central, excentric, or lateral, confluent with the 
 pileus. Gills tough, adnate, or decurrent, often toothed at the edge. 
 Spores white, elliptical, pip-shaped, oblong cylindrical, or globose; 
 smooth, or echinulate, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. 
 Growing on wood, rarely on the ground; solitary, or caespitose. 
 
 I. P. nearly entire. St. distinct. 
 *P. scaly, more or less manifestly veiled. 
 
 1773. L. tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. (= Lentinus Dunalii DC. sec. Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 1089, t. 1138. Tigrinus, spotted like a tiger. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., white, or cream colour, variegated with somewhat ad- 
 pressed, brownish, or blackish, fibrillose squamules, fleshy-coriaceous, 
 thin, commonly orbicular and central, convex, then infundibulif orm ; 
 margin often split when dry. St. 3-5 x -5-1-5 cm., whitish, becoming 
 fuscous at the base, very hard, often attenuated downwards and 
 rooting, minutely squamulose, furnished at the apex with an entire, 
 reflexed, fugacious ring. Gills white, then yellowish, decurrent, narrow, 
 crowded, serrate. Flesh white, fuscous at base of stem. Spores white, 
 pip-shaped, 7-9 x 3//,, 1^3-guttulate. Smell strong, acid. On oak, 
 ash, willow, and poplar stumps, and on railway sleepers. April 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Dunalii (DC.) Fr. Berk. Outl. t. 15, fig. 2. Dunal. 
 
 Differs from the type in the evanescent, adpressed spot-like scales of 
 the pileus, the subsilky stem, and the scarcely manifest veil. On willows, 
 and poplars. Rare. 
 
 1774. L. lepideus Fr. (= Lentinus squamosus (Schaeff.) Quel.) 
 
 XeTrt?, a scale. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., pallid ochraceous, variegated with darker, adpressed, 
 spot-like scales sometimes becoming rufescent, fleshy, very compact, firm, 
 irregular, commonly excentric, convex, then plane, or depressed, 
 sometimes broken up into cracks. St. 2-8 x 1-3 cm., whitish, covered 
 with tomentose scales that become rufescent, apex smooth, base woody, 
 sometimes rooting, at the first furnished with a cortina towards the apex.
 
 538 LENTINUS 
 
 Gills whitish, or yellowish, sinuate, decurrent by a tooth, broad, trans- 
 versely striate, serrate. Flesh white, pliant. Spores white, elliptical, 
 10-11 x 5ju,, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia none. Smell pleasant. On pine 
 stumps, railway sleepers and paving blocks. March Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. contiguus Fr. Contiguus, neighbouring. 
 
 Differs from the type in being entirely white and destitute of scales 
 both on the pileus and stem. 
 
 **P. villose, or pulverulent. 
 
 1775. L. leontopodius Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 28. 
 
 Xeav, a lion; TTOV<;, foot. 
 
 P. 7-20 cm., tan-clay-colour, rather darker towards the margin, 
 fleshy, compact, tough, irregular, very excentric, or almost lateral, 
 broadly umbilicate; margin arched and bent downwards, more or less 
 lobed, distinctly tomentose. St. 7-10 x 2-5-3 cm., pale chestnut, blackish 
 downwards, curved and ascending, hard, tough, subequal, pulveru- 
 lently furfur aceous, or tomentose. Gills pale reddish ochraceous, deeply 
 decurrent, especially on the lower side of the stem, 6-8 mm. wide, 
 connected by veins, wrinkled at the sides; edge serrated, darker. 
 Flesh white. Spores white, "cylindrical, obliquely apiculate, 12-15/M 
 long" Massee. Smell very pleasant. Taste sweet, pleasant. On de- 
 cayed willow. Sept. Oct. Eare. 
 
 1776. L. pulverulentus (Scop.) Fr. Pulverukntus, dusty. 
 P. yellow, mealy with white dust, fleshy-pliant, convex. St. mealy 
 
 with white dust, elongated, stout, equal, rigid. Gills white, slightly 
 toothed. Trunks. Caespitose. Oct. Rare 1 . 
 
 1777. L. adhaerens (A. & S.) Fr. (= Lentinus resinaceus Trog sec. 
 Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 131. Adhaerens, sticking to. 
 
 P. 8-13 cm., lurid whitish, then hazel, becoming fuscous, fleshy pliant, 
 somewhat irregular, convexo-subcampanulate, then depressed and 
 infundibuliform, pulverulently villose, covered with a resinous, amber 
 coloured gluten. St. 2-5 cm. x 5-12 mm., concolorous, covered with a 
 resinous gluten, rooting, subequal, pulverulently tomentose. Gills white, 
 then yellowish, sinuato-decurrent, somewhat crowded; edge serrate, 
 glutinous. Flesh white. Spores white, "oblong cylindrical, 7-10 x 
 2-5-3 ft" Bres. Smell pleasant, fragrant. Taste somewhat bitter and 
 astringent. Coniferous woods. Autumn Spring. Rare. 
 
 1 Berkeley and Broome describe P. 5 cm., fuliginous, at first infundibuliform 
 then lateral, flabelliform, floccoso-pulverulent with little umber particles. St. 
 7-5 cm. at length smooth. Gills pallid, deeply decurrent, thick, edge crenulate 
 but not torn.
 
 LENTINUS 539 
 
 1778. L. suffrutescens (Brot.) Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xvi (1900), 
 t. 3 and 4. Suffrutescens, arborescent. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., whitish cream colour, fleshy, compact, conical, convex, 
 umbonate, disc covered with reddish brown squamules, then depressed 
 and infundibuliform; margin often revolute. St. 7-11 cm. x 7-9 mm., 
 concolorous, covered with reddish brown scales (which sometimes pro- 
 ject) in the lower half or up to the sulcate apex, equal, or more or less 
 bulbose at the base, slightly incurved, strongly flexuose, or twisted 
 in abnormal specimens. Gills white, then yellowish, deeply decurrent, . 
 crowded, serrate. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptic cylindrical, 
 7-5 x 2-5/i. Squared wood in cellars. Nov. Feb. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 ***P. smooth. 
 
 1779. L. umbellatus Fr. Umbellatus, like a sunshade. 
 Very much branched, fleshy coriaceous, tough. Pileoli very 
 
 numerous, 1-5-2-5 cm., becoming yellowish cinereous, entire, umbilicate. 
 St. 5-9 cm. x 3-8 mm., white, caespitosely connate at the base, branched, 
 each branch giving rise to a separate p., sulcate. Gills white, deeply 
 decurrent, very narrow, I mm., minutely serrated, crowded. Flesh 
 white. Spores white, globose, 4-5 ju,, with a large central gutta. Smell 
 and taste pleasant. Old stumps. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1780. L. cochleatus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1093, t. 1142, fig. A. 
 
 /eo^Xta?, a snail with a spiral shell. 
 
 P. 2-5-9 cm., flesh colour, becoming pale, somewhat tan, fleshy pliant, 
 thin, commonly excentric, imbricated, very unequal, somewhat lobed 
 or contorted, sometimes plane, sometimes infundibulif orm-umbilicate. 
 St. 3-9 x -51-5 cm., flesh colour, rufous fuscous downwards, firm, 
 sometimes central, sometimes wholly lateral, sulcate, often connate 
 at the base. Gills white flesh colour, decurrent, crowded, serrated. 
 Flesh pinkish. Spores white, globose, 5-6/z, with a large central 
 gutta. Cystidia none. Smell very pleasant, of anise, or tonquin bean. 
 Taste mild. Edible. Stumps. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 II. Dimidiate, sessile, or furnished with a sublateral stem. 
 
 1781. L. scoticus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 1094, t. 1143. 
 
 Scoticus, Scottish. 
 
 P. 14 cm., pallid, then brownish, hygrophanous, umbilicate, some- 
 times infundibuliform, at length flattened; extremely variable in 
 form, either quite stemless and reniform, or variously stipitate, lobed 
 at the margin and sinuate, or plicate. St. -5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., 
 darker, cylindrical, pulverulent, springing from a brown, fibrillose 
 mycelium. Gills pallid, decurrent when the stem is developed, rather 
 distant, strongly toothed, and irregularly torn. Spores white, elliptical, 
 5-6 x 4/u,. On decayed Ulex, birch, and spruce. Nov. Jan. Rare. 
 (v.v.)
 
 540 LENTINUS 
 
 1782. L. fimbriatus Currey. Cke. Illus. no. 1095, t. 1148, fig. A. 
 
 Fimbriatus, fringed. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., fawn colour, covered with darker floccose scales, some- 
 what dimidiate, subcoriaceous, thin, depressed, sometimes very much 
 so and almost cyathiform; margin slightly involute, almost strigose. 
 St. 4-6 x 23 mm., concolorous with the gills, or paler, lateral, rough 
 with somewhat refiexed scales; apex with a delicate, white, fimbriate 
 collar or fringe when young. Gills pale brown, descending, irregularly 
 serrated and torn at the margin. On a stump standing in a pond. 
 Sept. Kare. 
 
 1783. L. vulpinus (Sow.) Fr. (= Lentinus castoreus Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 Fr. Icon. t. 176, fig. 1. Vulpinus, foxy. 
 
 Sessile, many times imbricated. Pilei tan, fleshy, very pliant, reni- 
 form-conchate, very convex ; margin deflexed and almost perpendicular, 
 hence concave beneath; surface wholly peculiar, with raised longi- 
 tudinal ribs, which are broken up into scales or fibrous teeth towards the 
 thin, incurved, fuscescent margin, hence entirely rough and corrugated, 
 velvety tomentose, and white-warty behind. Gills whitish, then reddish, 
 extended to the base, broad, crowded, torn into teeth. Flesh white. 
 Spores white, "somewhat needle-shaped, 9-10 x 1-5/t" Rick. Smell 
 none or strong of field mint. Trunks, and stumps. March Oct. Rare. 
 
 1784. L. auricula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 175, fig. 2. Auricula, the ear. 
 White, becoming tinged with yellow when old, caespitosely imbricate. 
 
 P. 2-4 cm., fleshy-coriaceous, ear-shaped, dimidiate, oblong, ascending, 
 sessile, cucullately-revolute beneath. Gills very narrow, 1 mm. wide, 
 very closely crenulately-serrated, decurrent to the base, and separate. 
 Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 3-4(4, with a large central gutta. 
 Lime stumps. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1785. L. flabelliformis (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1095, t. 1148, fig. B. 
 
 Flabelliformis, fan-shaped. 
 
 Subsessile. P. 2-3 cm., pallid fawn colour, membranaceous, pliant, 
 reniform, plane, even; margin fimbriato-t oot hed. St. commonly rudi- 
 mentary, 4-6 mm. long. Gills whitish, or pallid, broad, somewhat 
 distant, rather thick, torn into teeth at the edge. Spores white, 
 "cylindrical, 8-9 x 2-2-5/x" Rick, "minutely echinulate" Quel. On 
 stumps. Feb. Rare. 
 
 CANTHARELLINEAE. 
 
 Hymenium inseparable from the pileus, spread over the surface of 
 narrow, obtuse veins, gills, or folds, or quite smooth. \ .*' 
 
 CANTHARELLACEAE. 
 Same characters as the suborder.
 
 NYCTALIS. CANTHARELLUS 541 
 
 *Spores white. 
 
 Keceptacle fleshy, stipitate; gills simple. Parasitic on other Agarics. 
 Nyctalis Fr. 
 (vv, night.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy, confluent with the 
 pileus. Gills adnate, or decurrent, thick, soft, edge obtuse. Spores 
 white, elliptical, smooth. Chlamydospores often present. Growing 
 on other Agarics, more rarely on the ground. 
 
 1786. N. parasitica (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1068, t. 1113. 
 
 Parasitica, parasitic. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., whitish fuscous, then becoming pale whitish, somewhat 
 fleshy, conico-campanulate, then convex, plane, and obtuse, or obso- 
 letely umbonate, unequal, pellicle persistent, pruinose, grey. St. 
 2-5-6 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, straight, or curved, equal, or slightly 
 attenuated upwards, pubescent, bristling with hairs at the base. 
 Gills white, becoming fuscous, adnate, thick, distant, with alternate 
 shorter ones intermixed, at length contorted and anastomosing. 
 Flesh dark grey. Spores white, elliptical, 5-7 x 3-4 ju,. Smell 
 like Polyporus squamosus. On dead Russula adusta, Russula foetens, 
 Russula chloroides and Lactarius velkreus. Aug. Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1787. N. asterophora Fr. aa-r^p, a star; (frepw, I bear. 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., white, then fawn colour from the large stellate chlamydo- 
 
 spores, 15-20 /x, fleshy, conical, then hemispherical, fioccoso-pulveru- 
 lent. St. 1-2 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, then fuscous, equal, often twisted, 
 pruinose. Gills white, then dingy, adnate, distant, thick, tense and 
 straight, somewhat forked, often wanting. Flesh dark grey. Spores 
 white, "elliptical, 6 x 4 /A" Kick. On dead Russula nigricans. July 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 N. caliginosa W. G. Sm. = ? a diseased state of some Clitocybe. 
 Trogia Fr. = Plicatura Peck. 
 
 Eeceptacle fleshy, stipitate; gills forked. 
 
 Cantharellus Adans. 
 (icavdapos, a drinking cup.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, excentric, or lobed. Stem central, confluent 
 with the pileus. Gills decurrent, thick, branched. Spores white, rarely 
 pale ochraceous in the mass, elliptical, oval, or pip-shaped, smooth; 
 basidia with 4-8-sterigmata. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing 
 on the ground.
 
 542 CANTHARELLUS 
 
 *P. and solid st. fleshy. 
 
 1788. C. cibarius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1055, t. 1103. 
 
 Cibarius, pertaining to food. 
 
 Entirely egg-yellow. P. 5-10 cm., convex, turbinate, then plane or 
 somewhat depressed, repand; margin often lobed. St. 4-7 x 2-4 cm., 
 attenuated downwards. Gills decurrent, fold-like, thick, distant, 
 branched, often anastomosing. Flesh yellowish, drying whitish, firm. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 8 p., multi-guttulate ; basidia with 5-6- 
 sterigmata. Smell pleasant, like that of apricots. Taste mild. Edible. 
 Woods. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. albus Fr. Albus, white. 
 
 Differs from the type in being entirely white, or here and there tinged 
 with pink. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. rafipes Gillet. Cke. lUus. no. 1056, t. 1131. 
 
 Rufus, red; pes, foot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the rufous base of the stem. Woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. ramosus Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 27, fig. 4. Ramosus, branched. 
 Differs from the type in the branched stem, and in the pileoli be- 
 coming finally infundibuliform. Woods. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1789. C. amethysteus Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 12. 
 
 dpeOva-Tos, amethyst. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., egg-yellow, covered with a lilac down either in zones, or 
 more especially at the margin, fleshy, firm, turbinate, then plane and 
 somewhat depressed ; margin often scalloped. St. 3-4 x 2-5-3 cm., 
 egg-yellow, obconic, attenuated downwards. Gills egg-yellow, vein-like, 
 branched, thick. Flesh white, then yellowish. Spores white, oval, 
 10 x 5-6 p,, filled with granular protoplasm. Smell and taste pleasant. 
 Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1790. C. Friesii Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 23, fig. 2. 
 
 Elias Fries, the eminent Swedish mycologist. 
 P. 2-4 cm., orange, soon becoming ochraceous, convex, then de- 
 pressed, thin, villose; margin scalloped. St. 2-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., 
 yellow, pruinose, base white villose. Gills yellow, flesh colour, or orange, 
 decurrent, fold-like, narrow, branched. Flesh white, yellowish under 
 the cuticle. Spores pale ochre in the mass, hyaline under the micro- 
 scope, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/n, 1-guttulate. Taste somewhat sour. 
 Edible. Beech woods. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 C. aurantiacus (Wulf .) Fr. = Clitocybe aurantiaca (Wulf .) Studer. 
 C hypnorum Brond. = Clitocybe hypnorum (Brond.) Rea.
 
 CANTHARELLTTS 543 
 
 1791. C. Brownii B. & Br. (= Naucoria pediades Fr. sec. Pat., a 
 monstrous form described as a Ptychella.) Cke. Illus. no. 1058, 
 t. 1106, fig. A. J. Brown. 
 
 Entirely ochraceous white, or cream coloured. P. 10-15 mm., thin, 
 convex, subumbonate, obscurely silky. St. 4-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., tough, 
 nearly equal, somewhat furfuraceous, furnished with a little white, 
 fibrillose mycelium at the base, which sometimes forms a small earthy 
 ball. Gills fold-like, obtusely decurrent, rather distant, linear, very 
 narrow, sometimes forked. Hymenium nearly white. Spores white, 
 broadly elliptical, 7 x 5-6/x,. Amongst grass. Autumn. Rare. 
 
 1792. C. carbonarius (A. & S.) Fr. (= Xerotus degener Fr. sec. Quel.; 
 Cantharellus radicosus (B. & Br.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1059, 
 t. 1105. Carbonarius, pertaining to charcoal 
 
 P. 1-6 cm., date brown, then black, umbilicate, or infundibuliform, 
 coriaceous, minutely squamulose\ margin lobed. St. 3 6 cm. x 3- 
 10 mm., paler than the pileus, rooting, striate, sometimes branched. 
 Gills white, then glaucous, or grey, decurrent, straight, narrow. Flesh 
 whitish. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/x, 2-3-guttulate. Cys- 
 tidia fusiform, apex acute, 3-4/u, in diam., 95-120 x 13-14/z, very 
 thick walled, upper portion incrusted. Charcoal heaps, and burnt 
 ground. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1793. C. umbonatus (Gmel.) Fr. Umbonatus, umbonate. 
 P. 1-5-4 cm., cinereous blackish, convex, umbonate, at length de- 
 pressed, flocculosely- silky; margin incurved, white. St. 5-8 cm. x 7- 
 10 mm., concolorous, base white floccose, elastic, equal. Gills shining 
 white, decurrent, thin, straight, crowded, repeatedly dichotomous. Flesh 
 white, often becoming red when wounded. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 8-9 x 3^-4 fj,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Woods, and heaths. April 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1794. C. albidus Fr. Albidus, whitish. 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., whitish, inclining to yellowish, or rufescent, convex, 
 
 umbilicate, thin, lobed, slightly villose. St. 2-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, 
 rarely yellowish, tough, flexuose. Gills white, then yellowish, decurrent, 
 crowded, repeatedly dichotomous. Flesh white, yellowish under the 
 cuticle. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/a, 1-guttulate. Cystidia 
 none. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 **P. submembranaceous ; st. tubular, polished. 
 
 1795. C. tubaefonnis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1061, t. 1108. 
 
 Tuba, a trumpet ; forma, shape. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry, fleshy- 
 membranaceous, infundibuliform, deeply umbilicate, repand and lobed,
 
 544 CANTHARELLTJS 
 
 flocculose. St. 3-7 cm. x 3-8 mm., orange-tawny, at length compressed 
 and lacunose. Gills yellow, then pruinose and greyish, fold-like, de- 
 current, thick, distant, branched. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 6/n. 
 Woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lutescens (Bull.) Fr. Lutescens, becoming yellowish. 
 
 Differs from the type in the convexo-umbilicate, somewhat regular 
 and rather even pileus, in the more equal stem, attenuated upwards and 
 in the dichotomous gills being less divided. Woods. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1796. C. infondibuliformis (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1062, t. 1109. 
 
 Infundibulum, a funnel ; forma, shape. 
 
 P. 25 cm., yellowish-cinereous, or fuliginous when moist, becoming 
 pale when dry, submembranaceous, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, 
 here and there pervious to the base, rugose, fibrillose. St. 4-8 cm. x 
 4-6 mm., light yellow, base somewhat thickened. Gills light yellowish, 
 then pruinose and grey, fold-like, decurrent, thick, distant, branched, 
 anastomosing. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 7-9 x 
 7 p. Woods. July Jan. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. subramosus Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 97. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; ramosus, branched. 
 
 Differs from the type in the somewhat branched stems. Woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1797. C. lutescens (Pers.) Fr. (= Craterellus lutescens (Pers.) Fr. Hym. 
 Eur.) Pers. Myc. Eur. n, t. 13, fig. 1, as Merulius xanthopus. 
 
 Lutescens, becoming yellowish. 
 
 P. 2-10 cm., fuscous, submembranaceous, tubaeform, soon pervious, 
 undulated, flocculose. St. 5-10 x 1 cm., golden yellow, attenuated at 
 the base, undulate. Gills yellow, inclining to reddish, or orange, fold- 
 like, thin, flexuose, anastomosing. Flesh yellowish, deeper at the 
 periphery. Spores white, elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 -5 p. Smell strong, 
 spirituous. Mountainous fir woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1798. C. cinereus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1063, t. 1110, fig. A. 
 
 Cinereus, colour of ashes. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., hoary fuliginous, becoming whitish, submembranaceous, 
 infundibuliform, often pervious to the base of the stem, vittoso-squamu- 
 lose. St. 3-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, then blackish, attenuated 
 downwards, curved, fibrillosely-striate. Gills cinereous, then whitish 
 pruinose, fold-like, decurrent, thick, distant, connected by veins, 
 slightly branched. Flesh blackish Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5 /A. 
 Smell pleasant, "like the Mirabelle plum" Quel. Woods. Sept. Nov 
 Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CANTHARELLUS 545 
 
 1799. C. leucophaeus Nouel. Cke. lUus. no. 1064, t. 1111, fig. A. 
 
 \evfcos, white; <f>aio<i, dusky. 
 
 P. 23 cm., dusky brown, submembranaceous, tough, plane, then 
 depressed or inf undibulif orm ; margin incurved, then reflexed. St. 
 34 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, or paler, slightly thickened at the 
 base. Gills white, decurrent, distant, simple, or forked, with inter- 
 mediate shorter ones. Spores white, elliptical, 9 x 5ju,. Woods, and 
 heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1800. C. Houghtonii Phill. Cke. Elus. no. 1060, t. 1107, fig. B. 
 
 Rev. William Houghton. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., dirty white with a tinge of flesh colour, thin, convex, 
 umbilicate. St. 5 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, thickened at the apex, at 
 first delicately fibrillose, base rooting, cottony. Gills pallid flesh colour, 
 decurrent, narrow, scarcely forked. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4jn. 
 On the ground. Oct. 
 
 1801. C. cupulatus Fr. (= Cantharellus helvelloides (Bull.) Quel.) 
 Boud. Icon. t. 71, as Cantharellus helvelloides (Bull.) Quel. 
 
 Cupulatus, pertaining to a little tub or cask. 
 
 P. 10-15 mm., pallid fuscous when moist, becoming pale, somewhat 
 rufescent when dry, membranaceous, plano-infundibuliform (exactly 
 cup-shaped), repand, lobed, flocculose when dry; margin striate. St. 
 2-3 cm. x 3-5 mm., paler than the pileus, expanding into the pileus, 
 tough, pruinose. Gills grey, decurrent, very distant, narrow, branched, 
 with intermediate simple ones. Flesh greyish, becoming white. Spores 
 white, pip-shaped, or elliptical with a lateral basal apiculus, 8-10 x 
 5-6/x,. Open heathy ground and old walls. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 1802 C. Stevensonii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 1064, t. 1111, fig. B. 
 
 Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist. 
 
 P. 4mm., pallid, orbicular, umbilicate; margin inflexed. St. 6 x 
 1 mm., white, then darker, cylindrical, delicately pulverulent. Gills 
 pallid, becoming fuscous in front, decurrent. On rotten wood amongst 
 moss. March April. Rare. 
 1803. C. replexus Fr. Replexus, bent back. 
 
 P. 1-5 2-5 cm., fuscous, then cinereous, membranaceous, campanu- 
 late, convex, expanded and inverted, striate St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., 
 grey, thickened above. Gills white, then glaucous, adnato-decurrent, 
 connected by veins, distant, branched, and dimidiate. On the ground 
 amongst grass, moss, and leaves. Oct. Nov. 
 
 var. devexus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1098, t. 1150, fig. A. 
 
 Devexus, inclining downwards. 
 
 Differs from the type in the cucullate pileus, and the simple, cinereous 
 gills. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 6/n, 1-guttulate. Burnt ground, 
 and amongst moss on heaths. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 B. B. B. 35
 
 546 CANTHARELLTJS. CRATERELLUS 
 
 C. muscigenus (Bull.) Fr. = Dictyolus muscigenus (Bull.) Quel. 
 C. glaucus (Batsch) Fr. = Dictyolus glaucus (Batsch) Quel. 
 C. retirugus (BuU.) Fr. = Dictyolus retirugus (Bull.) Quel. 
 C. lobatus (Pers.) Fr. = Dictyolus lobatus (Pers.) Quel. 
 
 Eeceptacle fleshy, membranaceous, funnel-shaped, or umbilicate. 
 Hymenium veined, or smooth. 
 
 Craterellas Fr. 
 (Kparrjp, a large bowl.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, or membranaceous, funnel-shaped, or umbilicate. 
 Stem central, confluent with the pileus. Hymenium smooth, be- 
 coming wrinkled. Spores white, rarely pale ochraceous in the mass, 
 elliptical, ovoid, or oblong elliptical, smooth, or punctate; basidia 
 with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground. 
 
 *Tubaeform, pervious to the base of the stem. 
 C. lutescens (Pers.) Fr. = Cantharellus lutescens (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 1804. C. cornucopioides (Linn.) Fr. Berk. Outl. t. 19, fig. 6. 
 
 Cornu copiae, horn of plenty; et8o<?, like. 
 
 P. 3-5 cm., blackish fuliginous when moist, brownish when dry, sub- 
 membranaceous, tubaeform, pervious, squamulose. St. 510 x 1 cm., 
 black, dilated upwards into the pileus. Hymenium cinereous, even, 
 at length wrinkled. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 11-15 x 6-8 //,. 
 Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 **Infundibuliform, st. stuffed. 
 
 1805. C. sinuosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 196, fig. 2. Sinuosus, undulated. 
 P. 2-3 cm.,fuscous grey, slightly fleshy, infundibuliform, undulated, 
 
 floccose. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 3-8 mm., grey, apex ochraceous. Hymenium 
 grey, then ochraceous, at length with interwoven wrinkles. Spores 
 pale ochraceous in the mass, elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6ju,, punctate. Smell 
 none, or of musk. Woods. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1806. C. crispus (Sow.) Fr. Crispus, curled. 
 P. 2-4 cm., fuliginous becoming fuscous, fleshy-membranaceous, in- 
 fundibuliform, somewhat pervious, lobed, pruinose. St. 2-3 cm. x 
 4-8 mm., yellow, becoming greyish, pruinose. Hymenium pallid, even. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 6-7 /u. Woods. Aug. Nov. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1807. C. pusfflus Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 2. 
 
 Pusillus, very little. 
 
 P. 10-12 mm., cinereous, convex, umbilicate, thin, rugose, villose. 
 St. 5-20 x 24 mm., grey, somewhat compressed. Hymenium bluish-
 
 DICTYOLUS 547 
 
 grey, smooth, or slightly wrinkled, pruinose. Spores white ovoid, or 
 elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /z, finely punctate. Beech woods, and under 
 beeches. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Receptacle membranaceous, spathulate, or cup-shaped pendant. 
 Hymenium veined, or smooth. 
 
 Dictyolus Quel. (= Cantharellus p.p.). 
 
 (SiKTvov, network.) 
 
 Pileus membranaceous, spathulate, or cup-shaped and pendant. 
 Hymenium consisting of vein-like gills, anastomosing in a reticulate 
 manner, or almost smooth. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 
 smooth. Cystidia none. Growing on wood, or on mosses. 
 
 *P. attached by the apex, resupinate, then reflexed. 
 
 1808. D. retirugus (Bull.) Quel. (= Cantharellus retirugus (Bull.) FT.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 1066, t. 1112, fig. A, as Cantharellus retirugus Fr. 
 
 Rete, a net; ruga, a wrinkle. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., cinereous, becoming whitish, pellucid, membranaceous, 
 cup-shaped, then expanded, repando-lobed, very tender. Gills grey, 
 or whitish, fold-like, radiating from the centre, connected by veins and 
 reticulated, very tender. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 /z. On 
 twigs, and mosses. April June. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1809. D. lobatus (Pers.) Quel. (= Cantharellus lobatus (Pers.) Fr.) 
 
 Lobatus, lobed. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., dark fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry, 
 pellucid, membranaceous, somewhat round, or reniform, then some- 
 what lateral and lobed, white cottony at the base. Gills concolorous, 
 fold-like, subdistant, distinct, branched. Spores white, broadly ellip- 
 tical, 8-10 x 6-7 /A. On mosses, and Carices in bogs. April Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 D. cyphellaeformis (Berk.) Cost. & Duf. = Pleurotus cyphellaeformis 
 Berk. 
 
 **P. lateral, substipitate, or sessile. 
 
 1810. D. muscigenus (Bull.) Quel. (= Cantharellus muscigenus (Bull.) 
 Fr.) Muscus, moss ; genus, born. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous when moist, cinereous whitish and zoned when 
 dry, membranaceous, tough, spathulate, slightly undulate when full 
 grown. St. 2-4 x 2-4 mm., lateral, villose at the base, horizontal and 
 continuous with the pileus. Gills concolorous, slightly swollen, 
 diverging from the apex of the stem, distant, branched. Spores white, 
 pip-shaped, 7-9 x 4-6/x, 1-2-guttulate. On mosses. June Nov. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 352
 
 548 DICTYOLUS. NEUKOPHYLLUM. PAXILLUS 
 
 1811. D. glaucus (Batsch) Quel. (= Cantharellus glaucus (Batsch) 
 FT.) Cke. Illus. no. 1065, t. 1115, fig. B, as Cantharellus glaucus 
 Batsch. y\avKo<;, pale green. 
 
 P. 1 cm., grey, pellucid, membranaceous, ligulate, ascending, silky. 
 St. 2 x 1 mm., white, lateral, pruinose. Gills glaucous, then grey, fold- 
 like, tumid, distant, forked. Spores white, "elliptical, 5-6 x 4/x" 
 Karst. On sandy slopes, and on mosses. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 **Spores ochraceous. 
 Receptacle fleshy coriaceous, stipitate. Hymenium fold-like. 
 
 Neurophyllum Pat. 
 (vevpov, a sinew; (f>v\\ov, a leaf.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy coriaceous, irregular. Stem central, confluent with 
 the pileus. Hymenium fold-like, thick, decurrent. Spores ochraceous, 
 elliptical, or fusiform, smooth. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground. 
 
 1812. N. clavatum (Pers.) Pat. (= Craterellus clavatus (Pers.) Fr.) 
 Krombh. t. 45, figs. 13-17, as Cantharellus clavatus. 
 
 Clavatum, club-shaped. 
 
 P. 3-15 cm., lilac, or rose colour, then flesh colour, and finally ochra- 
 ceous, fleshy, turbinate, truncate, or depressed, flexuose, attenuated into 
 the solid stem. St. 1-5 x 1-3 cm., whitish lilac, or amethyst, then pale, 
 occasionally branched, obconic. Hymenium purplish, then concolorous, 
 fold-like, thick, reticulated, reticulations anastomosing, decurrent. 
 Spores ochraceous, elliptical, or fusiform, 10-12 x 4-5 fi, 1-2-guttulate. 
 Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Mountainous fir woods ; the British 
 record is beech woods. June Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 BOLETINEAE. 
 
 Hymenium soft, separable from the pileus, and lining the inside of 
 pores, or pore-like gills. 
 
 BOLETACEAE. 
 
 Same characters as the suborder. 
 
 1. Hymenium spread over gills, which anastomose by veins, and form 
 irregular pores, especially at the apex of the stem. Spores white, 
 ochraceous, or ferruginous. 
 
 Paxillus Fr. 
 
 (Paxillus, a small stake.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, regular, excentric, dimidiate, or resupinate. Stem 
 central, excentric, lateral, or none, confluent with the pileus. Gills 
 decurrent, soft, almost mucilaginous, separable, often anastomosing. 
 Spores white, ochraceous, reddish, or ferruginous; elliptical, pip- 
 shaped, or globose, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing 
 on the ground, or on wood.
 
 PAXILLUS 549 
 
 I. P. entire, central. Spores dirty white, only in P. panaeolus 
 with a tendency to ferruginous. 
 
 1813. P. giganteus (Sow.) Fr. (= Clitocybe gigantea (Sow.) Quel.) 
 Cke. Illus. no. 150, t. 106, as Clitocybe gigantea Sow. 
 
 7/<ya<, a giant. 
 
 Entirely tan white. P. 3-30 cm., fleshy, convex, then plane, or de- 
 pressed, then plano-infundibuliform, soft, minutely adpresso-squamu- 
 lose, often guttate, the whole surface under a lens clothed with a fine 
 matted silkiness ; margin strongly involute and pubescent at first, then 
 spreading, and becoming smooth, at length revolute and sulcate with 
 small shallow channels, often splitting. St. 3-7-5 x 2-5 cm., equal, or 
 attenuated upwards, base subbulbous, smooth, or minutely pubescent. 
 Gills whitish, then tan colour, subdecurrent, often branched and anasto- 
 mosing, narrow, or broad, very crowded. Flesh white, very firm, thin 
 at the margin. Spores whitish, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/x, 1-3- 
 guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste mild. Edible. Often forming large 
 rings. Pastures, heaths, rarely in woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncom- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 1814. P. Alexandri Fr. (= Clitocybe gilva Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 P. Alexandra. 
 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., fawn colour, fleshy, compact, plane, then depressed, 
 dry, unpolished; margin closely involute, somewhat striate when 
 expanded. St. 12 mm. x 2-5-3 cm., ventricose. Gills boxwood colour, 
 subdecurrent, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellow. Spores whitish. 
 Amongst moss in woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1815. P. lepista Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 164, fig. 1. 
 
 \67raa-Tr), a drinking vessel. 
 
 P. 410 cm., dingy whitish, fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed, 
 obtuse, rimuloso-squamulose towards the circumference, dry; margin 
 involute, often undulato-flexuose, smooth. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 12- 
 15 mm., whitish, sometimes rufescent, or inclining to fuscous, equal, or 
 attenuated downwards, always blunt at the white villose base, cuticle 
 somewhat horny and continuous with the hymenophore. Gills dingy white, 
 at length darker, deeply decurrent, somewhat branched, simple at the 
 base, 3-6 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh whitish, compact, or thin, 
 spongy-elastic in the st. Spores reddish, becoming fuscous pallid, 
 elliptical, 7-8 x 5jn. Cystidia none. Smell mealy, often rather rancid. 
 Woods, and pastures. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1816. P. extenuatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 164, fig. 2. Extenuatus, thinned. 
 P. 3-7-5 cm., clay, or becoming fuscous tan, fleshy, convex, gibbous, 
 
 then expanded, obtuse, tough, smooth, moist; margin involute, 
 pubescent, at length expanded, rigid-fragile. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-12 mm.,
 
 550 PAXILLUS 
 
 pallid, somewhat horny, elastic, fibrillose, firm, conico-elongate, or 
 clavate, becoming more equal; base incrassated, rooting, and con- 
 densing the earth into a large ball. Gills whitish, then mouse colour, 
 arcuate, very narrow, 3-4 mm. broad, linear, very crowded. Flesh 
 watery whitish, rigid, compact at the disc, very thin at the margin, 
 spongy in the st., scissile. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 p, 
 smooth. Cystidia none" Rick. Grassy places in pine woods. Oct. 
 Rare. 
 
 1817. P. panaeolus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 863, t. 874, fig. A. 
 
 7rai/ai'oXo9, all- variegated. 
 
 Entirely whitish, the st. becoming rufescent. P. 2-5 cm., fleshy, 
 convexo-plane, then somewhat depressed, smooth; margin thin, in- 
 volute. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., attenuated upwards or downwards, 
 striato-fibrillose. Gills at length watery-ferruginous, slightly de- 
 current, narrow, crowded, separated from the hymenophore by a 
 horny line, and readily separating from the p. Flesh becoming black, 
 thin. Spores very pale ferruginous, globose, 5{j,, 1-guttulate. Coni- 
 ferous woods. Oct. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 var. spilomaeolus Fr. trTrtXeo/xa, a spot; atoXo?, variegated. 
 
 Differs from the type in the yellowish white p. spotted as with drops, 
 in the slender, yellowish white st. and in the gills being horny grey at the 
 base. Amongst fir leaves. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1818. P. orcelloides Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 863, t. 874, fig. B 
 
 Orcella, the species Cliptopilus orcella; etSo?, like. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., snow white, becoming stained with livid or greyish blotches, 
 fleshy, convex, then flattened, minutely silky, shining; margin thin, 
 persistently incurved. St. 2-5-6 cm. x 3-6 mm., ochraceous, gradually 
 tapering to the base, elastic, silky fibrillose. Gills whitish, then livid, 
 at length dingy yellowish brown, adnato-decurrent, crowded, 3 mm. 
 broad, separated from the flesh of the p. by a horny line. Flesh white, 
 thin at the margin. Spores pale dingy ochraceous, elliptical, 5-8 x 
 3-4/A, 1-guttulate. Woods, and amongst grass. Sept. Nov. Rare. 
 (ft*.) 
 
 1819. P. lividus Cke. Cke. Ulus. no. 864, t. 861. 
 
 Lividus, of a leaden colour. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., dingy white, or livid ochraceous, opaque, convex, at 
 length slightly depressed at the disc. St. 7-5-10 x 1 cm., white, 
 attenuated downwards, fibrillose. Gills white, decurrent, arcuate, 
 3 mm. broad, almost crowded. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores 
 nearly white, globose, 3-3-5/n. Smell pleasant. Woods. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.)
 
 PAXILLUS 551 
 
 1820. P. revolutus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 865, t. 862. 
 
 Revolutus, rolled back. 
 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., pale ochraceous, disc slightly darker, fleshy, convex, 
 obtuse; margin thin, even, sometimes at first tinged with violet, a 
 little revolute. St. 3-5 x 1 cm., paler than the p., often tinted violet at 
 the base, attenuated downwards. Gills pallid, then clay coloured, very 
 decurrent, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores 
 pale, globose, 3-5-4/u,. Smell mealy. Fields. Oct. Uncommon, 
 
 II. P. commonly excentric, or resupinate. Spores ferruginous. 
 
 1821 . P. paradoxus (Kalchbr.) Quel. (= Flammula paradoxa Kalchbr. ; 
 Flammula Tammii Fr. sec. Bres.; Phylloporus Pelletieri (Lev.) 
 Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 207, as Phylloporus rhodoxanthus 
 (Schw.) Bres. Tra/aaSofo?, strange. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., deep rufous umber, or yellowish brown, fleshy, convex, 
 or pulvinate, then plane, adpressedly tomentose, becoming smooth, 
 dry; margin often lobed and sinuate. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-15 mm., 
 yellow, often with a dingy purplish tinge, bulbous, or attenuated at the 
 base, equal, or fusiform, somewhat rooted, adpressedly fibrillose, the 
 cuticle often breaking up into squarrosely revolute flaps. Gills yellow, 
 then golden, becoming reddish when bruised, decurrent, distant, the 
 alternate ones broader, connected by veins at the base, and in some 
 cases anastomosing to form pores towards the margin. Flesh reddish, 
 becoming yellow, soft, juicy. Spores lurid ochraceous, oblong, 12-13 x 
 4-5 fj,, often 2-guttulate. Cystidia "almost flask-shaped-lanceolate, 
 60-70 x 9-15 ju," Rick. Woods. Aug. Nov. Rather uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1822. P. involutus (Batsch) Fr. Involutus, rolled in. 
 P. 7-20 cm., ochrey ferruginous, fleshy, convexo-plane, then de- 
 pressed, for the most part central, pubescent, soon becoming smooth, 
 somewhat viscid when moist, shining when dry; margin obtuse, villous, 
 closely involute, then extenuated and acute. St. 5-8 x 1-4 cm., dingy 
 yellowish, generally spotted, thickened upwards, more rarely bulbous 
 at the base, naked. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, at once dingy-spotted 
 when touched, decurrent, rather broad, branched behind, and often 
 anastomosing and forming pores near the st. Flesh pallid, or yellowish, 
 compact, soft. Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-7 JLI. Cys- 
 tidia "lanceolate, 60-75 x 8-15/i" Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, 
 heaths, and pastures. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. excentricus Fr. eKicevrpos, out of the centre. 
 
 Differs from the type in the excentric p. and short st. On^trunks, 
 and stumps. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. subinvolutus (Batsch) W. G. Sm. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; involutus, rolled in. 
 
 Differs from the type in the less involute margin of the p.
 
 552 PAXILLTJS 
 
 1823. P. porosus Berk. Tropo?, a pore. 
 P. 10-11 cm., reddish claret, or olive brown, fleshy, viscid when 
 
 moist; margin thin, even, not involute. St. 8-9 x 1-5-2 cm., claret 
 brown, darker below, excentric, tough, equal, or attenuated downwards, 
 somewhat reticulate above with the pores. Gills yellow to sulphur 
 green, changing to pale blue, and then brownish when bruised, dull green 
 when old, decurrent, shallow, poriform, pores round to elongate, 
 irregular large to small. Flesh dull pale vinous brown, mottled and 
 streaked, darker and changing colour in the st. Smell very strong, un- 
 pleasant. Moist woods under firs. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1824. P. leptopus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 164, fig. 3. 
 
 XeTTTo?, thin; TTOU?, foot. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., fuscous yellowish, always excentric, or lateral, at length 
 depressed, but gibbous at the disc, fleshy, dry, covered with dense down, 
 soon torn up into dense, villose, fuscous, or yellowish scales. St. 1-2-5 x 
 1 cm.; lemon-yellow-olivaceous, short, attenuated downwards, somewhat 
 incurved. Gills yellowish, then darker, not spotted when touched, de- 
 current, simple, not anastomosing, tense and straight, very narrow, 
 crowded. Flesh yellow, thin at the margin. Spores "pale dingy 
 yellow, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/x" Massee. Woods, bogs, and on stumps. 
 Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1825. P. atrotomentosus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 869, t. 876. 
 
 Ater, black; tomentosus, woolly. 
 
 P. 5-30 cm., ferruginous, fleshy, excentric, convex, then plano- 
 infundibuliform, sometimes wholly lateral and ascending, dry, 
 rivuloso-granular, sometimes also slightly tomentose; margin thin, 
 involute. St. 5-8 x 1-2-5 cm., covered over with dense, soft, umber 
 blackish, or inclining to violaceous, velvety down, elastic, somewhat 
 equal, curved, ascending, rooting. Gills yellowish, adnate, scarcely 
 decurrent, branched at the base, somewhat anastomosing, 6 mm. 
 broad, crowded, easily separating from the sulcate hymenophore. 
 Flesh white, compact, firm. Spores pale ochraceous, broadly elliptical, 
 4-6 x 3-1/n, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Taste mild. Edible. Pine 
 woods and on pine stumps. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1826. P. crassus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 870, t. 877. Crassus, thick. 
 
 P. 5-7*5 cm., becoming ferruginous, fleshy, oblique, almost plane, 
 becoming smooth. St. 1-2 x 1 cm., concolorous, tapering downwards, 
 excentric, ascending. Gills cinnamon, decurrent, straight, 4 mm. 
 broad, subdistant. Flesh somewhat concolorous, thick, soft, spongy. 
 Spores "ferruginous, elliptical, 15-18 x 7-8 /tt" Cke. On trunks, 
 worked wood, ground of rifle butts, and in woods. Nov. Rare.
 
 PAXILLTJS. GYROPORUS 553 
 
 1827. P. panuoides Fr. (= Paxillus lamellirugus (DC.) Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 871, t. 878. Panus, the genus Panus; eZSo?, like. 
 
 Entirely dingy yellow. P. 2-5 cm., fleshy, sessile, or extended, and 
 at the first resupinate, soon conchate, dimidiate and obovate, at length 
 broadly expanded, undulato-lobed, and often imbricated, pubescent, 
 becoming smooth, somewhat rivulose. Gills yellow, decurrent to the 
 base, anastomosing behind, branched, crisped, crowded. Flesh cream 
 colour, becoming whitish, soft, equal, thin. Spores ochraceous, ellip- 
 tical, 5 x 3/u,. Cystidia none. Smell often very fragrant. On sawdust, 
 rotten pine stumps, and wood. June Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. fagi (B. & Br.) Cke. Fagus, beech. 
 
 Differs from the type in being crisped, pallid upwards, orange beneath 
 and having orange gills. Gregarious. Beech stumps. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2. Hymenium lining the inside of fleshy tubes. 
 
 Spores white, or pale yellowish. 
 Gyroporus (Quel.) Pat. (=Boletus p.p.). 
 
 (yvpos, round; Tropo?, pore.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, tomentose, or smooth. Stem central, velvety, or 
 glabrous, externally firm, fragile, internally spongy, often cavernous, 
 base immersed in the soil. Pores white, then often yellowish, entire, 
 round; tubes concolorous, free. Flesh white, firm, sometimes be- 
 coming blue on exposure to the air. Spores white, or pale yellowish, 
 oval, elliptical, pip-shaped, or elliptic-oblong, smooth. Cystidia cla- 
 vate. Growing on the ground. 
 
 1828. G. cyanescens (Bull.) (= Boletus cyanescens (Bull.) Fr.) Quel. 
 Rostk. Bol. t. 44, as Boletus cyanescens Bull. 
 
 KVO.VOS, dark blue. 
 
 P. 5-13 cm., subfuscous, or tan, convexo-expanded, adpressedly 
 tomentose, floccosely-scaly, opaque. St. 5-9 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, 
 ventricose, villoso-pruinose, firm, fragile, stuffed with a spongy pith, 
 at length cavernous. Tubes white, at length light yellow, becoming bluish 
 when touched, free; orifice of pores minute, round. Flesh white, in- 
 stantly becoming deep indigo blue on exposure to the air, pouring out 
 an azure blue juice when compressed, firm. Spores whitish, elliptical, 
 often with a basal apiculus, 8-9 x 4-5 /n, multi-guttulate. Woods. 
 July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1829. G. lacteus (Lev.) Quel. (= Boletus cyanescens (Bull.) Fr.) 
 
 Lacteus, milk-white. 
 
 P. 10-15 cm., pure white, convex, gibbous, minutely tomentose. 
 St. 9-12 x 4-6 cm., pure white, incrassated at the base, firm, velvety, 
 stuffed with a spongy pith and cavernous, at length hollowed out. 
 Tubes white, free, short; orifice of pores white, minute, round, or
 
 554 GYROPOBUS. TYLOPILUS 
 
 angular. Flesh white, becoming deep indigo blue on exposure to the air, 
 spongy, thick at the disc, thin at the margin of the p. Spores white, 
 pip-shaped, 8-9 x 4-5/i, 3-5-guttulate. Woods. Aug. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1830. G. castaneus (Bull.) Quel. (= Boletus castaneus (Bull.) Fr. ; 
 Gyroporus fulvidus (Fr.) Pat. sec. Quel.) Holland, Champ, 
 t. 79, no. 177. Castanea, chestnut. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., cinnamon, or chestnut coloured, convex, then expanded, 
 or depressed, firm, minutely velvety. St. 5-7 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, 
 attenuated upwards from the somewhat bulbous base, minutely velvety, 
 stuffed, then hollow. Tubes white, becoming yellowish, free, short; 
 orifice of pores white, then yellowish, minute, round. Flesh white, very 
 firm. Spores white, or pale yellow, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /u,, often 1- 
 guttulate. Taste pleasant, nutty. Edible. Woods, rarely in pastures 
 under trees. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1831. G. fulvidus (Fr.) Pat. (= Boktus fulvidus Fr. ; Gyroporus casta- 
 neus (Bull.) Quel.) Rostk. Bol. t. 45, as Boktus fulvidus Fr. 
 
 Fulvidus, somewhat tawny. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., becoming tawny, convex, then plane, rigid, firm, smooth, 
 shining. St. 47 x 1-5-2*5 cm., concolorous, equal, firm, smooth, 
 shining, stuffed, then hollow. Tubes white, then citron yellow, free, 
 elongated; orifice of pores white, then lemon yellow, angular. Flesh 
 white, becoming yellowish, firm. Spores "yellowish, elliptic- oblong, 
 10-11 x 5/u" Massee. Taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths, and under 
 trees. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 Spores pink. 
 Tylopilus Karst (= Boletus p.p.). 
 
 (rv\o<;, a knot; TrtXo?, cap.) 
 
 Pileus villose, or glabrescent. Stem central, reticulate, apex granular, 
 or smooth. Tubes white, then pinkish, adnate, or sinuate, long, or 
 short; orifice of pores concolorous, angular, or round. Flesh un- 
 changeable, or slightly pinkish when exposed to the air. Spores pink, 
 fusiform, or oblong, smooth. Growing on the ground. 
 
 1832. T. felleus (BuU.) Karst. (= Boletus felkus (Bull.) Fr.) Rostk. 
 Bol. t. 43, as Boletus felkus Bull. Fel, gall. 
 
 P. 6-10 cm., pak yellowish, chestnut, or tawny, pulvinate, or hemi- 
 spherical, then expanded, fleshy, smooth. St. 7-8 x 2-3 cm., con- 
 colorous, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, tomentosely 
 reticulated. Tubes white, then flesh colour, adnate, convex, long; orifice 
 of pores white, then pinkish, fairly broad, angular. Flesh white, be- 
 coming flesh colour, thick, soft. Spores pink, fusiform, or oblong, 
 12-14 x 3-4-5/Lt, 2-3-guttulate. Taste very Utter. Poisonous. Woods, 
 especially on calcareous soil. July Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 TYLOPILTJS. PHAEOPORUS. STROBILOMYCES 555 
 
 1833. T. alutarius (Fr.) Rea. (= Boletus alutarius Fr.) 
 
 Aluta, tanned leather. 
 
 P. 7-10 cm,, fuscous tan, pulvinate, or convex, then expanded, soft, 
 velvety, becoming smooth. St. 6-8 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, bulbous, 
 somewhat smooth, apex rugose. Tubes white, becoming pinkish, de- 
 pressed round the st., short, plane; orifice of pores white, becoming 
 fuscous when bruised, round. Flesh white, unchangeable, soft. Spores 
 pink. Taste mild. Woodland pastures. Oct. Rare. 
 
 Spores purple. 
 Phaeoporus Bataille (= Boletus p.p.). 
 
 ($ato9, dusky; 770/309, pore.) 
 
 Pileus tomentose, or velvety-silky. Stem central, blackish bistre, 
 velvety, or glabrous. Tubes grey, or pinkish grey, sinuate, or free, 
 fairly long; orifice of pores concolorous, becoming greenish blue when 
 touched. Flesh compact, becoming blue, or grey when exposed to 
 the air. Spores fuscous purple, elliptic-fusiform, smooth. Growing 
 on the ground. 
 
 1834. P. porphyrosporus (Fr.) Bat. (= Boletus porphyrosporus Fr.) 
 Boud. Icon. t. 149, as Boletus porphyrosporus Fr. 
 
 7rop<j>vpa, purple; <nropd, seed. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., olivaceous, or brownish fuliginous, becoming blackish 
 when bruised, hemispherical, then convex, fleshy, minutely velvety. 
 St. 712 x 1-5-3 cm., concolorous, attenuated upwards from the 
 thickened, paler base, velvety. Tubes pale grey or olivaceous, adnate, 
 fairly long; orifice of pores yellowish, becoming bluish green when 
 bruised and staining white paper an emerald green colour, broad, 
 angular. Flesh dirty white, becoming bluish, or fuliginous, compact. 
 Spores dull, or brownish purple, fusiform, 14-16 x 3-4 /u, 2-4-guttu- 
 late. Smell strong. Woods and pastures under trees. July Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. fuligineus (Fr.) Bat. (= Boktus fuligineus Fr.) Fuligineus, sooty. 
 
 Differs from the type in the villosely silky p. and glabrous st. Under 
 conifers. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 Spores blackish, or fuscous. Pileus covered with imbricate scales. 
 
 Strobilomyces Berk. 
 (arpoyStXo?, a fir cone; fjujter)*;, fungus.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, firm, floccose, clothed with large, imbricate scales. 
 Stem firm, rigid, woolly, or scaly, annulate. Tubes white, then greyish 
 bistre, adnate, long, orifice of pores concolorous, angular. Flesh floc- 
 cose, not putrescent, firm, light, becoming reddish, or bluish grey, 
 and finally blackish on exposure to the air. Spores blackish purple, 
 subglobose, verrucose. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground.
 
 556 STROBILOMYCES. BOLETINUS. GYRODON 
 
 1835. S. strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk. (= Boletus strobilaceus (Scop.) Fr.) 
 Eostk. Bol. t. 38, as Boletus strobilaceus Scop. 
 
 crTp6/3i\os, a fir cone. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., white, becoming brownish or blackish umber, pulvinate, 
 then convex, broken up into large, thick, fioccose scales ; margin appen- 
 diculate with the white floccose veil. St. 7-15 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, 
 equal, apex white, sulcately reticulated, floccosely scaly below the 
 ring. Ring white, floccose, thick. Tubes white, becoming brownish, 
 adnate, or with a decurrent tooth, long; orifice of pores white, be- 
 coming reddish when touched or bruised, broad, angular. Flesh white, 
 becoming reddish and finally blackish bistre, thick, floccose. Spores 
 blackish purple, subglobose, verrucose, 9-11 x 8-9 /x. Smell pleasant. 
 Deciduous and coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or olivaceous. 
 Tubes short, alveolar, decurrent. 
 
 Boletinus Kalchbr. 
 (Boletinus, diminutive of Boletus.) 
 
 Pileus dry, fibrillosely scaly. Stem central, hollow, bulbous, woolly. 
 Ring white, floccose, thick. Pores large, alveolar, compound, re- 
 ticulately decurrent on the stem. Flesh yellow, unchangeable. Spores 
 yellow, elliptic-fusiform, smooth. Cystidia present. Growing on the 
 ground and on mossy trunks. 
 
 1836. B. cavipes (Opatowski) Klotzsch. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 31. 
 
 Cavus, hollow; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., tawny, or brownish tawny, convex, subumbonate, fibril- 
 losely scaly, fleshy. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., lemon yellow above the ring, 
 concolorous below, subequal, or attenuated upwards, thickened at the 
 base and rooting, incurved, tough, stuffed, then hollow especially at 
 the base, apex reticulate, rough or fibrillosely scaly. Ring white, 
 floccose, thick, evanescent. Tubes yellow, or sulphur coloured, becoming 
 greenish or olivaceous, compound, broad, honey-comb-like, decurrent. 
 Flesh becoming yellow in the p., white in the st., firm. Spores yellow, 
 elliptic-fusiform, 10/t. Taste pleasant. Edible. Under larches and on 
 mossy beech trunks. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 Tubes very short, gyroso-plicate. 
 
 Gyrodon Opatowski. 
 (yvpos, round; o8(av, a tooth.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, viscid, or villose. Stem central, smooth, or punctate. 
 Tubes very short, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores sinuous, torn, or 
 gyroso-plicate. Spores ochraceous, or olivaceous,elliptical,elliptic cylin- 
 drical, or fusiform, smooth. Growing on the ground, often fasciculate.
 
 GYBODON. BOLETUS 557 
 
 1837. G. caespitosus Massee. Caespes, a clump. 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., olivaceous umber, becoming paler towards the margin, 
 
 hemispherical, dry, tomentose; margin pale pink, wavy, acute. St. 
 4-8 x 2-3 cm., yellow, dingy red at the base, connate, ventricose, 
 glabrous. Tubes yellow, subadnate, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores yellow, 
 very irregular, elongate, sinuous. Flesh yellow, instantly changing to 
 intense blue, then fading to a dirty white, and finally rufous, dingy red 
 at the base of the St., thick, firm. Spores pale olive, narrowly elliptical, 
 12 x 4jit. Densely fasciculate. Under trees amongst grass. Aug. 
 Bare. 
 
 1838. G. sistotrema Fr. o-eierro?, shaking; rpr}fj,a, a hole. 
 P. 6-8 cm., reddish, or brownish olive, convex, then flattened, gla- 
 brous, or minutely pubescent, thin, dry. St. 5-7 x 1 cm., pale lemon 
 yellow, becoming reddish, equal, or enlarged below, smooth. Tubes 
 yellow tawny, or pale sulphur, adnate, very short; orifice of pores 
 yellow, becoming tawny, sinuous, round, becoming gyroso-plicate. Flesh 
 cream colour, tawny under the cuticle of the p., firm. Spores "cream- 
 olive, elliptic cylindrical, 10-14/A long, guttulate " Quel. Taste some- 
 what sharp. Coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Rare. 
 
 var. brachyporus (W. G. Sm.) Rea. ftpaxvs, small; jropos, pore. 
 Differs from the type in the white p., the white st. sulphur coloured 
 below, and in the flesh changing to pale green. 
 
 1839. G. rabellus McWeeney. Rubellus, reddish. 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., red, with a tinge of purple at the disc, becoming yellowish 
 
 towards the margin, convex, even, smooth, dry. St. 1 cm. x 3 mm., 
 bright yellow, equal, smooth, even. Tubes pale yellow, 1 mm. long; 
 orifice of pores bright yellow, linear, elongate, sinuous, dissepiments 
 thick. Flesh yellow, unchangeable, firm. Spores greenish olive, 
 cylindric fusiform, with a minute basal apiculus, 10 x 4/z. Amongst 
 moss. Oct. Rare. 
 
 Tubes long. 
 
 Boletus (Dill.) Pat. 
 
 (/3<wAo9, a clod.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, dry, glabrous, tomentose, silky, viscid, or glutinous. 
 Stem central, equal, ventricose, or bulbous ; dry, glabrous, tomentose, 
 or viscid, sometimes reticulate; with or without a ring. Tubes long, 
 adnate, sinuato-adnate, or decurrent, rarely free; orifice of pores 
 round, angular, unequal, or toothed, often compound. Flesh thick, 
 soft, putrescent. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, olivaceous, or 
 fuscous, rarely colourless, fusiform, oblong-elliptic, elliptical, or pip- 
 shaped, smooth. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, solitary, 
 gregarious, caespitose, or subcaespitose.
 
 558 BOLETUS 
 
 I. Pores angular, or large, rarely round, often unequal, or toothed; 
 tubes often compound, sometimes connate, long or rather short, 
 more or less adnate, sometimes decurrent, rarely slightly sinuate. 
 P. dry, glabrous, tomentose, silky or glutinous. St. often slightly 
 thick, sometimes furnished with a ring, rarely reticulate at the 
 apex. Plants of medium, or small size, rarely large. 
 
 A. P. glutinous, or viscid, at least in wet weather, never pruinosely 
 granular. Pores, tubes, and flesh of various colours. 
 
 1. St. annulate. 
 *Pores yellow; spores yellow olivaceous. 
 
 1840. B. sphaerocephalus Barla. Barla, Champ. Nice, t. 36. 
 
 <r<f>alpa, a ball; K^a\rj, head. 
 
 P. 10-20 cm., ochraceous yellow, deeper coloured at the centre, and 
 sometimes tinged with brown, globose, viscid; margin light yellow, ap- 
 pendiculate with fragments of the ring. St. 4-6 x 3-4 cm., tawny 
 yellow, becoming darker, furrowed. Ring yellowish, membranaceous, 
 shaggy, usually fugacious. Tubes bright yellow, becoming tawny or 
 brownish with age, short, decurrent; orifice of pores round, or 
 angular. Flesh light yellow, bluish under the cuticle, very thick, 
 soft, watery. Spores olivaceous, fusiform, 8-10 x 3-4/z, 2-guttulate. 
 On the ground, and on rotten sawdust. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1841. B. luteus (Linn.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 78, no. 174. 
 
 Luteus, yellow. 
 
 P. 4-14 cm., fuscous with the dark separating gluten, becoming paler, 
 convex, gibbous, then pulvinate. St. 5-10 x 2-3 cm., whitish, be- 
 coming fuscous below the ring, apex light yellow and granular, equal, 
 firm. Ring cream colour, becoming fuscous, membranaceous, large. 
 Tubes yellow, adnate; orifice of pores yellow, round. Flesh whitish, 
 or yellowish, thick, soft. Spores yellowish brown, elliptic-fusiform, 
 8-10 x 3-3-5/>i, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous 
 woods, and under conifers. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1842. B. elegans (Schum.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. 1. 183, as Boletus 
 luteus. Elegans, nice. 
 
 P. 4-10 cm., golden, or inclining to ferruginous, convexo-plane, 
 viscid. St. 5-7 x 1-5-2 cm., golden, then rufescent, firm, unequal, apex 
 reticulate with granules. Ring cream colour, often torn and fugacious. 
 Tubes golden-sulphur-yellow, decurrent; orifice of pores angular. Flesh 
 light yellowish, soft. Spores yellowish, oblong elliptic, 8-9 x 3-3-5^,, 
 2-4-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods, and under 
 conifers. May Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 BOLETUS 559 
 
 var. flavus (With.) Eea. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 132, as Boletus flavus 
 With. Flavus, light yellow. 
 
 Differs from the type in the adnate tubes, the larger orifice of the 
 greyish yellow pores, and the paler flesh which is rosy when broken. 
 Coniferous woods. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. pulchellus (Fr.) Rea. Fr. Icon. t. 178, fig. 1, as Boletus pulchellus 
 
 Fr. Pulchellus, beautiful little. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, 3-4 cm. broad, its short, 
 
 smooth, yellow St., its less viscid, greenish yellow p., its narrow, linear 
 
 ring and its rosy flesh. Coniferous woods. July Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1843. B. flavidus Fr. Krombh. t. 4, figs. 35-37. 
 
 Flavidus, light yellow. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., livid light yellowish, campanulate, umbonate, then plane 
 and gibbous, viscid, radiately wrinkled. St. 5-7-5 x 4-6 mm., whitish 
 tinged with yellow, subequal, tough, mealy, sometimes striate, apex 
 sprinkled with fugacious glandules; base white, cottony. Ring gela- 
 tinous, greenish white, thin, narrow; margin floccose, viscid. Tubes 
 dirty light yellow, decurrent ; orifice of pores large, angular, compound. 
 Flesh yellowish, reddish on exposure to the air, thin, firm. Spores 
 "subhyaline, elongato-ellipsoid, straight, 8-10 x 3-5-4 /z" Karst. 
 Taste pleasant. Pine woods. July Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 **Pores white, grey, or green. Spores brownish. 
 
 1844. B. viscidus (Linn.) Fr. (= Boletus laricinus Berk. sec. Quel.) 
 Fr. Icon. t. 178, fig. 3. Viscidus, viscid. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., dirty white with livid stains, or dingy yellowish, cam- 
 panulato-convex, pulvinate, viscid, floccose, rugose. St. 5-9 x 1- 
 1-5 cm., white, becoming yellow or greyish, equal, or thickened at the 
 base, viscid, floccose, apex reticulate. Ring white, membranaceous, 
 large, thin, often torn. Tubes white, then greyish or tinged greenish, 
 adnate, subdecurrent ; orifice of pores large, unequal, compound, 
 often toothed. Flesh white, watery, soft. Spores brownish, oblong 
 elliptical, 11-13 x 4-5/n, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. 
 Woods, especially under larches. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2. St. exannulate. 
 
 *Pores yellowish, yellow, golden, or orange; spores yellow. 
 P. never white. 
 
 1845. B. collinitus Fr. Lucand, Champ, t. 240. 
 
 Collinitus, besmeared. 
 
 P. 56 cm., chestnut, becoming pale when the fuscous gluten separates, 
 and veined with brown, convex, pulvinate. St. 5-7-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm.,
 
 560 BOLETUS 
 
 white, becoming fuscous, firm, attenuated downwards, somewhat re- 
 ticulated with adpressed squamules. Tubes pallid, then yellow, adnate, 
 elongated; orifice of pores divided into two, rather large. Flesh white, 
 brownish under the adnate cuticle of the p., firm. Spores "8-10 x 4ju," 
 Guill. Taste pleasant. Edible. Pine woods. Nov. Bare. 
 
 1846. B. granulatus (Linn.) Fr. Eolland, Champ, t. 78, no. 175. 
 
 Granulatus, granulated. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., fuscous ferruginous, becoming yellowish when the gluten 
 disappears, convexo-expanded, smooth. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., light 
 yellowish, subequal, often attenuated upwards, dotted with granules 
 upwards', base white, cottony. Tubes sulphur yellow, adnate, short; 
 orifice of pores at first dripping with white milk, granulated when the 
 milk dries, simple, subcircular. Flesh light yellowish under the separable 
 pellicle of the p., soft. Spores yellow ferruginous, oblong elliptical, 
 8-10 x 3-4/z, 2-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Gregarious. Coni- 
 ferous woods, and under pines. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1847. B. tenuipes (Cke.) Massee. Tennis, thin; pes, foot. 
 P. 2-55 cm., yellowish brown, or gilvous, convex, then almost plane, 
 
 viscid, streaked with minute fibrils when dry. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., 
 yellow, attenuated at the base, smooth. Tubes yellowish, adnate, short- 
 ened round the st., about 6 mm. long; orifice of pores rather large, 
 angular. Flesh white, rosy under the cuticle of the p., thick. Spores pale 
 yellow, fusiform, 10 x 3/i. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and heaths. 
 July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1848. B. badius Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 5. Badius, bay-brown. 
 P. 3-15 cm., bay-brown-tawny, hemispherical, pulvinate, viscid, 
 
 then pubescent, often shining when dry. St. 6-10 x 2-3 cm., paler, 
 subequal, sometimes attenuated upwards, sometimes downwards, 
 brown pruinate. Tubes cream, or citron yellow, turning immediately 
 bluish green when touched, adnate, or sinuato-depressed, long; orifice 
 of pores angular, rather large. Flesh yellowish, becoming azure blue, 
 then somewhat brownish, thick, soft. Spores light yellow, oblong fusi- 
 form, 13-15 x 4-5-6jLt, 1-multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. 
 Woods, especially coniferous woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1849. B. paludosus Massee. Paludosus, marshy. 
 P. 7-5-10 cm., bright rufous brown, paler when dry, slightly convex, 
 
 then quite plane, slightly viscid, smooth. St. 7-5-12-5 x 1-1-5 cm., 
 rather paler than the p., equal, smooth, base attenuated. Tubes yellow, 
 then olive green, adnate, or subdecurrent, short, about 4mm. long; 
 orifice of pores large, angular, compound. Flesh with a very pale tinge 
 of brown, firm, thin. Spores olive, elongato-fusiform, 16 x 4/x. Gre- 
 garious. Bogs, amongst Sphagnum. Sept. Rare.
 
 BOLETUS 561 
 
 1850. B. rutilus Fr. Rutilus, red, inclining to golden yellow. 
 P. 5-7-5 cm., rufescent brick colour, pulvinate, viscid, smooth. St. 
 
 4 cm. x 6-8 mm., sulphur above, red below, equal, smooth, firm. Tubes 
 sulphur yellow, opaque, adnate, sinuato-depressed; orifice of pores 
 minute, regular. Flesh of st. somewhat ochraceous, almost becoming 
 black when broken. Smell strong. Oak woods. Oct. Eare. 
 
 1851. B. aurantiporus Howse. Aurantius, orange; 77-0/309, pore. 
 P. 5-6 cm., fulvous ferruginous, then pale gilvous, convex, then ex- 
 panded, adpressedly squamulose, viscid. St. 4-7-5 x 1-1-5 cm., yellow, 
 equal, beautifully reticulated with yellow and red. Tubes golden yellow, 
 then orange, turning red when bruised, deeply decurrent; orifice of 
 pores broad, angular. Flesh yellowish, often tinged reddish, thin at the 
 margin, firm. Spores yellow, oblong elliptical, or subfusiform, 9-10 x 
 4-5/x, 1-4-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Coniferous woods, 
 and under yew trees. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Pores becoming olive, bistre olive, brown olive, or olive rust or rust 
 colour; tubes short; spores concolorous. P. sometimes white. 
 
 1852. B. bovinus (Linn.) Fr. Krombh. t. 75, figs. 1-6. 
 
 Bovinus, pertaining to oxen. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., pale reddish yellow, dull orange yellow, or deep buff, 
 hemispherical, then convex, smooth, viscid; margin white, often 
 tomentose. St. 5-10 x 1 cm., concolorous, or paler, equal, smooth, 
 base whitish. Tubes grey light yellow, becoming ferruginous, subde- 
 current, at first very shallow like those of Merulius lacrymans, then 
 elongating with age; orifice of pores compound, toothed. Flesh yellow- 
 ish-flesh colour, reddish in the st., soft. Spores yellow, or olivaceous, 
 oblong fusiform, 8-10 x 3-3-5 ju., 1-multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. Woods and heaths, especially 
 near pines. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1853. B. piperatus (Bull.) Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 6, Piperatus, peppery. 
 P. 210 cm., cinnamon, or yellow to pale yellowish, convexo-plane, 
 
 smooth, slightly viscid. St. 4-12 x -5-1-5 cm., concolorous, fragile, 
 equal, or attenuated at the base, containing yellow milk at the base, 
 and springing from a yellow mycelium. Tubes ferruginous, decurrent; 
 orifice of pores large, angular, often toothed. Flesh sulphur yellow, 
 tinged reddish in the p., soft. Spores brownish, oblong elliptic, &-10 x 
 3-4 p,, 1-3-guttulate. Taste very acrid, or peppery. Woods, and heaths. 
 Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 B. P. dry, rarely moist when wet, tomentose, silky, pruinose, powdery, 
 or granular, sometimes squamulose. Pores yellowish, or yellow, 
 rarely slightly olivaceous or red. Flesh yellow, rarely cream, or 
 white. Spores yellow, rarely tawny bistre.
 
 562 BOLETUS 
 
 1854. B. variegatus (Swartz) Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 16. 
 
 Variegatus, variegated. 
 
 P. 6-12-5 cm., dark yellow, or ochraceous, sprinkled tvith fasciculate- 
 hairy, superficial, brown squamules, convex, then plane, obtuse, 
 slightly moist; margin acute, at first flocculose. St. 5-8 x 1-2-5 cm., 
 dark yellow, or straw colour, sometimes reddish, firm, equal, base white. 
 Tubes brown, or yellow olive, then cinnamon, adnate; orifice of pores 
 round. Flesh yellow becoming here and there azure blue. Spores green- 
 ish ochre, oblong elliptic, 9-10 x 3-4/z,. Smell unpleasant, "of 
 chlorine" Quel. Coniferous woods, heaths, and moorlands. July 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1855. B. sulphureus Fr. Quel. As. fr. (1887), t. 9. 
 
 Sulphur eus, sulphur-yellow. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., sulphur yellow, compact, convex, then plane, silky- 
 tomentose with innate flocci. St. 410 x 1-5 cm., sulphur yellow, at 
 length becoming dingy ferruginous, firm, ventricose, smooth, springing 
 from a golden, woolly mycelium. Tubes sulphur yellow, becoming spotted 
 ferruginous, and at length becoming green, adnate, short, 2-4 mm. long ; 
 orifice of pores minute, compound. Flesh yellow, becoming greenish, 
 or azure blue when broken, but golden when exposed to the air, here and 
 there reddish under the tubes, firm. Spores light yellow, elliptical, 
 6-7 x 3/it, 1-guttulate. Caespitose. Pine sawdust, and twigs. Sept. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1856. B. chrysenteron (Bull.) Fr. Eolland, Champ, t. 80, no. 180. 
 
 %pucro<?, gold; evrepov, intestine. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., fuscous, or somewhat brick colour, convexo-plane, soft, 
 minutely tomentose, often cracked into patches with the interstices red. 
 St. 5-8 cm. x 6-12 mm., scarlet, or light yellow, subequal, or attenuated 
 at the base, rigid, fibroso-striate. Tubes sulphur yellow, then greenish 
 yellow, subadnate, or depressed round the st. ; orifice of pores rather 
 large, angular, compound. Flesh yellow, scarcely turning blue, red be- 
 neath the cuticle of the p., soft. Spores deep ochraceous, fusiform, or 
 oblong elliptic, 13-14 x 4-5/>t, 1-4-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. 
 Woods, heaths, and pastures. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. nanus Massee. vdvvos, a dwarf. 
 
 Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the flesh becoming red 
 when cut and in the elongated, narrow, sinuous, or gyrose orifice of the 
 pores. Parks, gardens, and pastures. Aug. Sept. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1857. B. sanguineus (With.) Quel. non Fr. Sanguineus, blood red. 
 P. 2-7 cm., blood red, or brightish crimson, disc becoming brownish, 
 
 hemispherical, convex, then plane, firm, opaque, dry, rough under a
 
 BOLETUS 563 
 
 lens; margin almost even. St. 2-5-6-5 x 1-2 cm., yellowish, streaked 
 or blotched with dilute crimson, or brownish, slightly bulbous at the 
 base, and with traces of long reticulations at the apex. Tubes golden 
 yellow, or dullish yellow, becoming bluish or greenish when bruised, 
 and finally orange, adnate, or slightly depressed round the st., 
 4-7 mm. long ; orifice of pores angular, medium in size. Flesh yellow, 
 then rosy, "becoming bluish when cut or broken" Perceval, soft. Spores 
 "15-18/A, guttulate" Quel. Taste somewhat acid. Woods, and pas- 
 tures. July Sept. Rare. 
 
 1858. B. subtomentosus (Linn.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 80, no. 181. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; tomentosus, downy. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., more or less deep brownish olivaceous, convex, then 
 pulvinato-expanded, soft, dry, villoso-tomentose, sometimes cracked 
 into patches with the interstices yellow. St. 5-12 x 1-2 cm., 
 yellowish, usually streaked with red, attenuated downwards, sulcately 
 ribbed, the taivny ribs sometimes anastomosing, rough with dots under 
 a lens. Tubes golden sulphur yellow, adnate; orifice of pores large, 
 angular. Flesh white, or yellowish, rust colour under the cuticle of the p., 
 soft. Spores pale yellow, oblong elliptical, 12-14 x 5/u,. Taste mild. 
 Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. radicans (Krombh.) Massee. Krombh. t. 48, figs. 1-6. 
 
 Radicans, rooting. 
 
 Differs from the type in the usually undulated, bright yellowish olive 
 green p., the st. whitish below, yellow and strongly grooved above and the 
 tubes greenish-olive at maturity. Woods. 
 
 var. striaepes (Seer.) Quel. Stria, a line ; pes, foot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the bistre olive, silky p., and the yellow stem 
 with thin bistre ribs, brownish red at the base. Woods. Oct. Rare. 
 
 var. marginalis Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 142 Marginalis, bordered. 
 Differs from the type in being more slender, in the fuliginous p. being 
 bordered with a pale, tomentose zone at the margin, in the longer almost 
 smooth st., and in the narrower pores. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1859. B. cruentus Vent. Venturi, t. 43, figs. 3 and 4. 
 
 Cruentus, bloody. 
 
 P. 7-10 cm., olivaceous with a reddish tinge, becoming instantly red 
 where bruised, convex, then plane, soft, minutely tomentose. St. 5 
 8 x 2-5-4 cm., yellow with reddish markings, gradually attenuated up- 
 wards from the incrassated, rooting base, minutely fiocculose. Tubes 
 pale yellowish olive, sinuato-free, long; orifice of pores yellowish, 
 minute, subangular. Flesh yellow, becoming red when cut, thick, firm. 
 Spores "pale olive, elliptic-fusiform, 14-16 x 5 /A" Massee, 1-guttu- 
 late. Smell strong. Under beeches. Aug. 
 
 362
 
 564 BOLETUS 
 
 1860. B. spadiceus (Schaeff.) Fr. Krombh. t. 36, figs. 19, 20, as 
 Boletus tomentosus Krombh. Spadiceus, date brown. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., date brown, opaque, convex, then pulvinato-expanded, 
 dry, tomentose, then widely cracked. St. 5-8 x 1-5-2-5 cm., yellow, 
 becoming fuscous, fiocculoso-furfuraceous, firm, with anastomosing, thin, 
 tawny ribs. Tubes golden sulphur yellow, adnate ; orifice of pores wide, 
 round, toothed. Flesh white, yellowish in the St., and fuscous reddish 
 under the cuticle of the p. Spores yellow, "10-12/A, 2-4-guttulate " 
 Quel. Woods. July Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 1861. B. Rostkovii Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 18, as Boletus lividus Bull. 
 
 Dr Friedrich Wilhelm Theophilus Rostkovius. 
 P. 7-5-10 cm., dingy olive brown, or rufous, convex, or almost plane, 
 very minutely tomentose, often areolately cracked, interstices pale. 
 St. 2-5-5 x 2-5 cm., pale reddish yellow, obconic, tapering almost to a 
 point at the base. Tubes pale yellow green, adnate, about 12 mm. 
 long; orifice of pores irregularly angular, compound. Flesh white, 
 becoming tinged red when cut, with here and there a shade of blue. 
 Spores "pale olive, elongato-fusoid, 20 x 5/n" Massee, 2-guttulate. 
 Under beeches. Aug. Rare. 
 
 1862. B. radicans (Pers.) Fr. Radicans, rooting. 
 P. 6-8 cm., olivaceous cinereous, then pale yellowish, convex, pul- 
 
 vinate, dry, subtomentose ; margin thin, incurved. St. 7-10 x 1-5- 
 2-5 cm., light yellow, attenuato-rooted, fiocculose with reddish pruina, 
 naked and dark when touched, firm. Tubes lemon yellow, becoming 
 greenish or bluish when touched, adnate; orifice of tubes unequal, large, 
 angular. Flesh pale lemon yellow, becoming immediately deep blue on 
 exposure to the air, soft, watery. Spores yellow, oblong fusiform, 
 13-14 x 4-5/u, 1-2-guttulate. Taste bitter. Woods, and hedgerows. 
 July Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1863. B. rubinus W. G. Sm. W. G-. Sm. in Journ. Bot. (1868), t. 75, 
 figs. 1-4. Rubinus, ruby coloured. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., yellow fuscous, pulvinato-gibbous, then plane, dry, sub- 
 tomentose, slightly cracked. St. 5-7-5 x 2 cm., yellow, smeared with 
 crimson, equal, or attenuated downwards. Tubes wholly carmine, sub- 
 decurrent, short at first; orifice of pores medium size, compound. 
 Flesh yellow, becoming whitish when dry in the p. Spores pale, oval, 
 6 x 4-5/M. Woods, roadsides, and under oaks. Aug. Sept. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1864. B. versicolor Rostk. Boud. Icon. t. 143. 
 
 Versicolor, of various colours. 
 
 P. 2-7 cm., blood red, or deep rose-pink, becoming tawny at the disc, 
 or all over with age, convex, then plane, minutely tomentose, rarely
 
 BOLETUS 565 
 
 cracked. St. 4-8 cm. x 6-12 mm., yellow, rose-red in the middle and 
 at the base, becoming blue when rubbed, equal, often attenuated at the 
 base, slightly viscid in wet weather, minutely granular, or pruinose. 
 Tubes yellow, becoming blue when touched, adnate, decurrent by a 
 tooth; orifice of pores fairly large, angular. Flesh yellow, reddish at 
 the base of the st., turning blue when cut especially near the tubes, soft. 
 Spores yellow, or olivaceous, oblong fusiform, 9-10 x 4-5 p,, 1-2- 
 guttulate. Woods, pastures, and roadsides. Aug. Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1865. B. parasiticus (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 145. 
 
 Parasiticus, parasitic. 
 
 P. 28 cm., dingy yellow, or tawny, and more or less brown, convex, 
 then plane, minutely tomentose, dry, often cracked in a tessellated 
 manner. St. 3-7 x 12 cm., yellow, or paler than the p., equal, at- 
 tenuated at the base, rigid, incurved, slightly fibrillose, apex mealy. 
 Tubes yellow, then vinous, decurrent, short ; orifice of pores compound, 
 of medium size, round or angular. Flesh yellow, often becoming reddish 
 in the st., firm. Spores deep olivaceous, fusiform, 12-15 x 4-5/u., 1- 
 guttulate. Parasitic on Scleroderma aurantium and S. verrucosum. 
 Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1866. B. pruinatus Fr. Pruinatus, covered with hoar-frost. 
 P. 5-6 cm., purplish bay brown, covered with a whitish, or greyish 
 
 bloom, convex, then plane, rigid, dry. St. 510 x -51 '5 cm., variegated 
 yellow and reddish, equal, or ventricose, firm, smooth. Tubes light 
 yellow, adnate; orifice of pores small, slightly angular. Flesh yellow, 
 red under the cuticle of the p., turning bluish and reddish, firm. Spores 
 olivaceous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 4jn, 1-guttulate. Amongst grass in 
 woods, and parks. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1867. B. pusio Howse, ex B. & Br. Pusio, a little boy. 
 P. reddish buff, hemispherical, pulvinate, pulverulent. St. dull 
 
 yellowish white, white above, becoming blackish, slightly thickened down- 
 wards, plicate, pulverulent. Tubes dull sulphur white. 
 
 1868. B. purpurascens Rostk. Rostk. Bol. t. 8. 
 
 Purpurascens, becoming purple. 
 
 P. 6-16 cm., bay purple, convex, then plane, smooth, dry. St. 3- 
 5 x 1-5-2 cm., deep purple red, firm, attenuated downwards to the 
 rooting base, smooth. Tubes dingy yellow, adnate, 12-15 mm. long, 
 becoming greenish when touched; orifice of pores small. Flesh dirty 
 whitish with darker streaks, reddish under the cuticle of the p., thick, 
 compact. Spores brownish grey, subfusiform, 10 x 5/z. Woods, 
 especially pine. Sept. Oct. Uncommon.
 
 566 BOLETUS 
 
 II. Pores small, round, equal; tubes free, or sinuate, sometimes adnate, 
 long, connate. P. dry, smooth, or tomentose, rarely viscid or moist 
 in wet weather. St. thick, smooth, tomentose, or floccose, often 
 ribbed or reticulate. Spores yellow, ochraceous, or olivaceous, rarely 
 brown, or white, elliptic fusiform. Generally large in size and thick. 
 
 A. St. fibrillosely fleshy, generally firm, thick, ovoid at first; either 
 covered with a network of white, straw-coloured, yellow, or red veins, 
 or minutely punctate, or granular, rarely smooth. Pores small, round, 
 white, or coloured; tubes concolorous, free, or sinuate, rarely 
 adnate. Flesh generally firm, white, or coloured, changing colour 
 or not, but never becoming black. Generally large in size. 
 
 fFlesh white, or yellow, unchangeable, sometimes reddish or vinous 
 rosy under the cuticle, tasty, often fragrant. Pores white, cream, 
 or yellow, sometimes becoming greenish with age, never becoming 
 blue or green when touched. St. with a white, straw-coloured, or 
 brownish cream network, sometimes smooth, rarely floccose, or 
 reddish. 
 
 1869. B. regius Krombh. Krombh. t. 7. Regius, royal. 
 P. 712-5 cm., bright rose-pink, reddish purple, or olivaceous, convex, 
 
 pulvinate, dry, smooth, or minutely tomentose. St. 5-9 x 3-5 cm., 
 pale yellow, becoming purplish at the base, reticulate. Tubes golden 
 yellow, almost free, short; orifice of pores small, subangular. Flesh 
 pale yellow, very thick. Spores "pale yellow, elongate fusiform, 
 16 x 5fj," Massee. Taste pleasant. Edible. Gregarious. Woods, and 
 open places. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1870. B. edulis (Bull.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 81, no. 182. 
 
 Edulis, eatable. 
 
 P. 10-20 cm., bay, brown, fuliginous, or bistre, rarely ivhite, the margin 
 often white, convex, pulvinate, smooth, often rugose, somewhat viscid 
 in wet weather. St. 10-15 x 3-6 cm., pallid fuscous, delicately reticu- 
 lated, equal, or attenuated upwards from the bulbous base. Tubes 
 white, then yellow, and finally greenish, somewhat free, long; orifice of 
 pores small, round. Flesh white, often faintly tinged reddish under the 
 cuticle of the p., compact, then softer, thick. Spores yellow, fusiform, 
 13-16 x 4-4-5/z, 1-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. 
 Woods, especially beech. June Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 var. laevipes Massee. Laevis, smooth; pes, foot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the absence of reticulations on the perfectly 
 even, white, or faint buff st. Woods. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. bulbosus (Bull.) Big. & Guill. (= Boletus crassus Massee.) 
 
 Bulbosus, bulbous. 
 
 Differs from the type in the bulbous st. often exceeding, or equalling 
 in width the diameter of the p., in the flesh becoming pale primrose yellow,
 
 BOLETUS 567 
 
 in the smaller spores, and in the strong acid smell. This variety is a 
 condition of the type brought about by the attack of a parasitic 
 Hypomyces. Woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1871. B. pinicola (Vitt.) Eea. (= ? Boletus fusco-ruber Quel.) Trans. 
 Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 6. Pinus, pine ; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 P. 9-20 cm., rich chestnut colour, bordered by a narrow white line at 
 the margin, convex, slightly viscid when moist, then dry andfioccose. 
 St. 9-15 x 4-5 cm., concolorous, subbulbous, rugose, slightly reticu- 
 late. Tubes greenish, adnate, 15-20 mm. long, ventricose; orifice of 
 pores round, or angular, 1 mm. broad. Flesh white, reddish under the 
 cuticle of the p., thick. Spores olivaceous, fusiform, 15-18 x 4-5/i, 
 1-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1872. B. reticulatus (Schaeff.) Boud. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 5. 
 
 Reticulatus, netted. 
 
 P. 8-15 cm., ochraceous yellow, or greyish fawn, convex, finely tomen- 
 tose, often cracked in dry weather. St. 6-9 x 4-6 cm., concolorous, or 
 paler, slightly constricted at the base, reticulated to the base. Tubes 
 greenish yellow, free, or almost free, fairly long; orifice of pores round, 
 small, 1 mm. across. Flesh white, slightly coloured under the cuticle of 
 the p. and at the base of the tubes, firm, thick. Spores olivaceous, oblong 
 fusiform, 13-18 x 4-5/i, 1-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Deciduous woods. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1873. B. aestivalis (Paul.) Fr. Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 25. 
 
 Aestivalis, pertaining to summer. 
 
 P. 10-20 cm., whitish, bistre cream, or reddish, convex, pulvinate, 
 somewhat repand, smooth, then granular in dry weather. St. 8-11 x 
 56 cm., light yellow, ovoid, bulbous, smooth, or minutely reticulate. 
 Tubes yellow, or greyish, somewhat free, long; orifice of pores small, 
 round, equal. Flesh yellow, white above, reddish at the base of the St., 
 thick. Spores yellow, oblong fusiform, or oblong elliptical, 12-14 x 
 4-5ft, 1-2-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and 
 heaths. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1874. B. aereus (Bull.) Fr. Krombh. t. 36, figs. 1-7. 
 
 Aereus, made of copper. 
 
 P. 6-9 cm., olivaceous fuscous, somewhat blackish, hemispherical, 
 then convex, pulvinate, minutely pubescent, or villose. St. 7-9 x 
 2'5 3-5 cm., yellowish, becoming fuscous downwards, beautifully re- 
 ticulate. Tubes white, then sulphur yellow, somewhat free; orifice of 
 pores minute, round, or angular. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle 
 of the p. and st., and reddish purple when the surface of the p. has been 
 eaten by slugs, firm, compact. Spores yellow, oblong elliptical, or
 
 568 BOLETUS 
 
 oblong fusiform, 12-15 x 4/u,, 2-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1875. B. carnosus Rostk. Rostk. Bol. t. 14. Carnosus, fleshy. 
 P. 10-12 cm., fuscous, or bay brown, pulvinate, convex, glabrous. 
 
 St. 6-7 x 2-3 cm., yellow, streaked with reddish brown, subequal, firm, 
 substriate. Tubes dark yellow, sinuato-adnate, long; orifice of pores 
 dark yellow, large, angular. Flesh pallid, dirty yellowish. Woods. 
 Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 1876. B. vaccinus Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 51. 
 
 Vacci nus, pertaining to a cow. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., chestnut, convex, then expanded, minutely tomentose, 
 margin obtuse. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, or paler than the p., 
 bulbous, or attenuated downwards, smooth; base becoming tawny, 
 lacunose. Tubes white, then light yellow, free ; orifice of pores round or 
 subangular, small. Flesh whitish, reddish under the cuticle of the p., 
 firm. Spores yellow, oblong fusiform, 1214 x 4 5/ii. Taste mild. 
 Edible. Subcaespitose. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1877. B. impolitus Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 42. 
 
 Impolitus, unpolished. 
 
 P. 8-20 cm., pale yellow brown, or tawny brown, convex, then more 
 or less expanded, flocculose, at length granuloso-rivulose, sometimes 
 cracking into areolae. St. 6-9 x 3-5 cm., yellow, often tinged with 
 brownish red when full grown and forming a ring-like zone at the apex, 
 equal, or subbulbous, pubescent. Tubes pale lemon yellow, then tinged 
 with olivaceous green, free, or slightly adnate, depressed near the st. ; 
 orifice of pores small, round. Flesh whitish yellow, pale yellow under 
 the cuticle of the p., thick. Spores olivaceous, oblong-fusiform, 16-17 x 
 5-6/A. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. June Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1878. B. candicans Fr. Candicans, shining- white. 
 P. 8-12 cm., whitish, or pale tan colour, convex, then expanded, 
 
 subtomentose, becoming smooth. St. 8-10 x 3-4-5 cm., concolorous, 
 delicately reticulated, ventricose, or bulbous. Tubes lemon yellow, ad- 
 nate, or sinuate, long; orifice of pores white, then lemon yellow, 
 roundish. Flesh white, becoming blue when broken, and then whitish, 
 thick. Spores dark olivaceous, oblong-fusiform, blunt at the one end, 
 13-14 x 4/i, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Woods, and under trees. June 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1879. B. fragrans Vitt. Fragrans, scented. 
 P. 6-9 cm.., fuscous umber, pulvinate, repand, subtomentose; margin 
 
 incurved. St. 7-9 x 3-4 cm., variegated yellowish and red, stout, ven- 
 tricose, often fusiform at the base and ovato-bulbous, even. Tubes
 
 BOLETUS 569 
 
 yellow, sinuato-free, fairly long; orifice of pores yellow, round. Flesh 
 yellow, either unchangeable, or becoming greenish, at length becoming 
 reddish, especially at the base of the st. and under the cuticle. Spores 
 dark olivaceous, oblong-fusiform, 10-11 x 4-5 /JL, 2-3-guttulate. Taste 
 mild, smell pleasant. Edible. Woods, and under oaks. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1880. B. rubiginosus Fr. Rubiginosus, rusty. 
 P. 5-12-5 cm., reddish brown, pulvinate, or convex, soft, pubescent, 
 
 soon becoming very glabrous, dry; margin acutely incurved, then 
 patent. St. 5-8 x 2-5-3 cm., whitish, then yellowish, becoming slightly 
 greyish or yellowish olive when bruised, attenuated upwards, gla- 
 brous, very distinctly reticulated. Tubes white, adnate, short; orifice of 
 pores white, angular, unequal. Flesh white, unchangeable, thick, 
 spongy. Spores "colourless, elongato-fusiform, 12 x 4/z" Massee. 
 Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 ffFlesh generally yellow, changing colour on exposure to the air, often 
 immediately turning bluish, or greenish, sometimes poisonous, or 
 bitter. Pores more or less yellowish, yellow, orange, or red, im- 
 mediately tinged blue, green or black when touched. St. reticulately 
 veined, or punctate, rarely smooth, generally red, at least in part. 
 
 *Pores at first cream, lemon yellow, or yellow, rarely finally becoming 
 reddish. St. reticulate with white, or yellow veins, sometimes flesh 
 colour or punctate on the veins. Flesh often bitter. 
 
 1881. B. appendiculatus (Schaefi.) Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 26, as Boletus 
 radicans Pers. Appendiculatus, with a small appendage. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., brown, bright bay, or fuscous brick colour, convex, 
 pulvinate, then expanded, subtomentose. St. 6-9 x 2-5 cm., sulphur 
 yellow, ventricose, rooting, apex minutely reticulate with white veins, 
 often tinged rosy towards the base. Tubes sulphur yellow, becoming 
 greenish when touched, adnate; orifice of pores round, small. Flesh 
 yellow, becoming blue on exposure to the air, tinged with rose at the base 
 of the st., compact, firm. Spores light yellow, oblong elliptic, 9-11 x 
 4jit, 1-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1882. B. variecolor B. & Br. B. & Br. no. 1020, t. 13, fig. 3. 
 
 Variecolor, with diverse colours. 
 
 P. 4-6 cm., olivaceous, convex, subtomentose; margin involute. St. 
 5-8 x 2 cm., yellowish downwards, rufescent and delicately pubescent 
 upwards, bulbous, attenuated upwards, apex reticulated. Tubes 
 yellow, free ; orifice of pores minute. Flesh pale, here and there inclining 
 to yellow and partially marbled, dark purple under the cuticle of the p.
 
 570 BOLETUS 
 
 Spores pale olive, elliptic fusiform, slightly oblique, 10 x 4jn. Woods. 
 Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 1883. B. calopus Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxxiv (1918), t. 2. 
 
 tca\6$, beautiful; Troy?, foot 
 
 P. 6-15 cm., olivaceous, globose, then convex, pulvinate, sub- 
 tomentose. St. 7-10 x 23 cm., scarlet throughout, or at the apex, apex 
 often yellow, conical, then subequal, reticulated with white, or flesh 
 coloured veins. Tubes yellow, becoming bright green, adnate', orifice of 
 pores minute, angular, becoming spotted with greenish blue. Flesh 
 yellow, becoming blue on exposure to the air, compact. Spores oliva- 
 ceous, 10-14 x 4//,, 1-3-guttulate. Said to be poisonous. Woods, 
 especially coniferous woods. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1884. B. olivaceus (Schaeff.) Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxxiv (1918), 
 t. 1. Olivaceus, olivaceous in colour. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., olivaceous fuscous, convex, pruinose, becoming smooth; 
 margin at first inflexed. St. 5-8 x 2-3 cm., red, or pale citron yellow, 
 yellowish at the apex and reticulate with white veins, punctate with rose 
 red at the base, firm, clavate, bulbous, or fusiform. Tubes light yellow, 
 then olivaceous, adnate ; orifice of pores minute, round, unequal. Flesh 
 cream colour, becoming blue on exposure to the air, firm. Spores ellip- 
 tical, "17/u, long, 2-5-guttulate " Quel. Woods, especially beech. 
 Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 1885. B. pachypus Fr. 7ra%u9, thick; 7701/9, foot. 
 P. 10-20 cm., fuscous, then pallid tan, convex, pulvinate, sub- 
 
 tomentose; margin at first incurved, exceeding the tubes. St. 5-12-5 x 
 3-5 cm., variegated light yellow and red, often wholly intensely blood red, 
 often with a rosy purple zone at the apex of the st., firm, ovato-bulbous, 
 then elongated, equal, reticulated with white veins. Tubes light yellow, 
 then somewhat green, free, somewhat elongated, shortened round the st. ; 
 orifice of pores round, becoming spotted with green, or blue. Flesh 
 yellow, then azure blue when exposed to the air, becoming reddish at the 
 base of the st., compact, thick. Spores olivaceous, oblong elliptic, 
 9-12 x 4jLt. Said to be poisonous. Woods, especially pine. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1886. B. albidus (Roques) Quel. Roques, Champ, com. et ven. t. 8, 
 fig. 2. Albidus, whitish. 
 
 P. 6-9 cm., whitish, with a slight greenish tinge, convex, subtomen- 
 tose. St. 6-7 x 3-4 cm., pale citron yellow, ventricose, finely reticu- 
 lated with veins, which become brownish on handling. Tubes pale 
 citron yellow, adnate; orifice of pores round, small. Flesh cream 
 colour, or pale citron, becoming blue when cut or broken. Spores deep 
 ochre, boat-shaped, 10-11 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Woods, and pas- 
 tures. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 BOLETUS 571 
 
 **Pores at first red, or orange, rarely yellow. St. reticulated with red 
 veins, often punctate with red, rarely white, or yellow. 
 
 1887. B. satanas Lenz. (= Boletus tuberosus (Bull.) Quel.) Krombh. 
 Icon. t. 38, figs. 1-6, as Boletus sanguineus Pers. 
 
 Sarams, the Devil. 
 
 P. 9-20 cm., at first more or less tinged with red, then becoming 
 brownish, and finally whitish, globose, then convex, pulvinate, some- 
 what viscid, smooth. St. 7-10 x 5-6 cm., dingy yellow, reticulated with 
 blood red veins, ovato-ventricose. Tubes yellow, free; orifice of pores 
 yellow, then rubiginous, and finally orange, round, minute. Flesh 
 white, then cream colour, becoming bluish or greenish on exposure to 
 the air, reddish in the st., thick, firm. Spores olivaceous, oblong 
 elliptic, 11-13 x 4-5 /u,, 2-3-guttulate. Taste mild. Woods, and heaths. 
 July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1888. B. luridus (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 85, no. 189. 
 
 Luridus, lurid in colour. 
 
 P. 5-20 cm., umber olivaceous, or fuliginous, hemispherical, convex, 
 then plane, tomentose. St. 5-15 x 3-6 cm., yellow, reticulated with 
 blood red veins, equal, or incrassated at the base. Tubes yellow, at 
 length becoming green, free ; orifice of pores at first vermilion, then 
 orange, round, small. Flesh yellow, becoming immediately deep indigo 
 on exposure to the air, and then again yellow, reddish at the base of the 
 tubes and at the base of the st., thick, compact. Spores yellowish, oblong 
 fusiform, or oblong elliptical, 12-13 x 4/x, 2-3-guttulate. Taste 
 pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially deciduous woods, heaths, and 
 pastures. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1889. B. erythropus (Pers.) Quel. pv0po$, red; iroifc, foot. 
 P. 10-15 cm,, brown, or bay, often tawny rufescent, convex, minutely 
 
 pubescent. St. 5-12 x 2-4 cm., yellow, punctate with red, ventricose, 
 minutely tomentose. Tubes yellow, free ; orifice of pores dark blood red, 
 round, or subangular. Flesh yellow, becoming deep indigo in the p. and 
 upper part of the st. on exposure to the air, blood red in the rest of the st., 
 yellow at the base of the tubes, thick, compact. Spores yellow, fusiform, 
 12-13 x 4/t, 2-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Woods, especially coni- 
 ferous woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1890. B. purpureus Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 41. 
 
 Purpureus, purple. 
 
 P. 7-12 cm., purplish red, or violet, rarely brownish, hemispherical, 
 pulvinate, somewhat velvety, opaque, dry. St. 6-11 x 2-3 cm., yellow, 
 reticulate with purple veins and dots, and often dotted on the veins, equal, 
 attenuated at the base. Tubes light yellow, becoming greenish, somewhat 
 free; orifice of pores purple orange, round, minute. Flesh yellow, be- 
 coming bluish on exposure to the air when young and reddish at the base
 
 572 BOLETUS 
 
 of the st., compact. Spores olivaceous, oblong-fusiform, 11-12 x 5- 
 6ju,, 2-4-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. June Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1891. B. Queletii Schulzer, var. rubicundus Eene Maire. (= Boletus 
 purpureus Fr. (forma) Massee, Brit. Fung. Fl. i, 290.) Bull. 
 Soc. Myc. Fr. xxvi, 195, t. v, figs. 5-6. Rubicundus, ruddy. 
 
 P. 5-16 cm., reddish purple, or reddish brown, hemispherical, then 
 convex, pruinose, then subtomentose; margin at first involute, pruinose 
 and flesh colour. St. 7-10 x 2-3 cm., yellow straw colour, then pale 
 ochraceous, densely punctate with red and dark purple at the base, more 
 or less bulbous and fusiform, slightly rooting. Tubes yellowish, then 
 pure yellow, becoming blue and finally black when touched, free, 
 sinuate ; orifice of pores greyish orange, then purple orange or saffron 
 colour, small, round, or slightly irregular. Flesh yellow, becoming blue 
 and finally blackish, reddish purple at the base of the st. Spores oliva- 
 ceous, elliptical-oblong, 8-10 x 4-5 /A, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. 
 Calcareous woods. Uncommon. 
 
 B. St.fibrilloselyfieshy, generally fioccosely squamulose and mucronate, 
 rarely rugosely or reticulately ribbed. Pores white, or whitish, rarely 
 yellow. Tubes concolorous, free, or sinuate, rarely adnate. Flesh 
 generally white, and soft, often becoming bistre colour on exposure 
 to the air, then becoming black. Large or medium in size. 
 
 1892. B. duriusculus Schulz. Boud. Icon. t. 150. 
 
 Duriusculus, somewhat hard. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., grey fuliginous, or grey bistre, convex, minutely tomen- 
 tose, viscid in wet weather, often areolately cracked when dry. St. 
 10-20 x 1-5-4 cm., white, densely striate and black punctate, the striae 
 often anastomosing in a reticulate manner, often spotted greenish at 
 the attenuated, or incrassated base, very firm, equal, or subventricose. 
 Tubes dirty white, somewhat free, fairly long; orifice of pores minute, 
 round, or subangular. Flesh white, becoming reddish on exposure to 
 the air especially in the p. and apex of the st., then becoming blackish, 
 very firm. Spores fuliginous in the mass, pale under the microscope, 
 oblong fusiform, 13-15 x 4-5-6/x, 2-multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. 
 Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures, especially under poplars. Aug. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1893. B. versipellis Fr. (= Boletus rufus (Schaeff .) Quel. ; Boletus 
 aurantiacus Bull. sec. Quel.) Holland, Champ, t. 87, no. 193, 
 as Boletus aurantiacus. Versipellis, changeable in appearance. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., rufous, hemispherical, pulvinate, dry, tomentose, then 
 scaly, and becoming even ; margin often appendiculate with the remains 
 of the membranaceous, fugacious veil. St. 8-12 x 3-5 cm., whitish,
 
 BOLETUS 573 
 
 covered with rufous or greyish, mucronate flocci, attenuated upwards, 
 often tinged greenish when eaten by slugs or snails. Tubes dingy white, 
 free, long; orifice of pores often grey or blackish at first, minute, round. 
 Flesh white, often greenish near the cuticle of the stem, thick, compact. 
 Spores ochraceous, oblong fusiform, 16-18 x 5-7 p, 1-4-guttulate. 
 Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. 
 July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1894. B. scaber (Bull.) Fr. (= Boletus nigrescens Roze & Rich. sec. 
 Quel.) Rolland, Champ, t. 87, no. 192. Scaber, rough. 
 
 P. 5-20 cm., ochraceous fuliginous, greyish bistre, or brownish bistre, 
 hemispherical, pulvinate, smooth, viscid when moist, at length rugu- 
 lose, or rivulose ; margin at first furnished with a cortina. St. 7-20 x 
 24 cm., whitish, or greyish, rough with fibrous scales that become blackish 
 with age, often greenish or bluish especially towards the base when eaten 
 by slugs or snails, attenuated upwards. Tubes white, then dingy, free, 
 long; orifice of pores minute, round. Flesh white, watery, soft. Spores 
 ochraceous, oblong fusiform, 1618 x 5 6-5/z, multi-guttulate. Taste 
 pleasant. Edible. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 var. niveus Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 48, as Boletus holopus Rostk. 
 
 Niveus, snow-white. 
 
 Differs from the type in the white p. becoming greenish grey at the 
 disc, and in the white granularly punctate st. which becomes greenish grey 
 at the base. Spores pale ochraceous, oblong fusiform, 14-16 x 5/n, 
 multi-guttulate. Deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1895. B. nigrescens Roze & Rich. (= Boletus scaber (Bull.) Fr. sec. 
 Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 20. 
 
 Nigrescens, becoming black. 
 
 P. 4-12 cm., yellowish, convex, tomentose, cracking with age. St. 
 6-11 x 2-4: cm., yellowish, dotted with grey scales, ventricose, attenuated 
 at both ends, striate. Tubes white, soon becoming bright yellow, free; 
 orifice of pores small, -5 mm. across, round, or oblong, unequal. Flesh 
 yellowish white, becoming red on exposure to the air, and finally dark 
 brown. Spores olivaceous, fusiform, 12-16 x 5-6/u, 1-3-guttulate. 
 Taste pleasant. Edible. Deciduous woods. July Sept. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1896. B. rugosus Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 41. Rugosus, wrinkled. 
 P. 5-6 cm., bay, or brown, convex, pulvinate, dry, smooth. St. 
 
 7-12 x 2-3 cm., whitish, or ochraceous, attenuated upwards from the 
 subbulbous base, longitudinally ribbed; ribs dark, anastomosing, or 
 reticulate. Tubes whitish, then ochraceous, free ; orifice of pores small, 
 round. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle of the p., compact. Spores 
 olivaceous, fusiform, 9-10 x 3-4/z. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 574 POLYPORUS 
 
 APHYLLOPHORALES. 
 
 Hymenium indefinite, increasing by centrifugal growth, fully ex- 
 posed from the first, amphigenous, or unilateral, lining the interior 
 of pores, covering the surface of teeth, tubercles or anastomosing 
 gills, or forming a smooth surface. 
 
 I. POROHYDNINEAE. 
 
 Receptacle pileate, stipitate, sessile, or resupinate; hymenium 
 inferior. 
 
 1. POLYPORACEAE. 
 
 Hymenium lining tubes coherent throughout their length, forming 
 a layer distinct from the substance of the pileus, sometimes becoming 
 torn into teeth, or gill-like plates, and separated by dissepiments 
 sterile on the edge. 
 
 Polyporas (Micheli) Fr. 
 (TToXu?, many; 770^09, a pore.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, cheesy, coriaceous or corky, often at length becoming 
 hard with age; entire, lobed, excentric, or dimidiate, simple, or 
 branched. Stem central, lateral, or none, simple or branched. Tubes 
 homogeneous, or heterogeneous, long, or short; orifice of pores round, 
 angular, entire, torn, or toothed. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores 
 white, or coloured, elliptical, pip-shaped, globose, subglobose, pruni- 
 form, oblong, or elliptic fusiform; smooth, punctate, or verrucose. 
 Cystidia present, or absent, hyaline, or coloured. Annual, or perennial. 
 Growing on wood, or on the ground ; solitary, caespitose, imbricate, 
 or connate at the base. 
 
 A. Stipitate, or caespitose. 
 
 I. P. thin, hemispherical, generally depressed, cup-shaped. St. thin, 
 fibrillosely corky. Flesh coloured. Tubes homogeneous, short; pores 
 polygonal, or rounded, tawny or brown. Spores hyaline, or yellowish. 
 Cystidia coloured, or wanting. Terrestrial. Perennial. 
 
 *P. tomentose, or velvety. Cystidia coloured. 
 
 1897. P. tomentosus Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 38, fig. 1, as Polyporus 
 Kalchbrenneri FT. Tomentosus, woolly. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., tawny ferruginous, nankeen yellow, or yellowish cinna- 
 mon, convex, then plane and cyathiform, leathery, zoned, radiately 
 rugose, clothed with tawny ferruginous hairs ; margin thin. St. 2-5 cm. x 
 4-8 mm., fuscous umber, becoming blackish, subequal, firm, pulverulent, 
 or tomentose, sometimes a mere base or central point. Tubes greyish, 
 becoming fuscous, adnate, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores grey, glistening,
 
 POLYPORUS 575 
 
 minute, entire. Flesh fuscous umber, 2 mm. thick, firm. Spores 
 hyaline, " oblong pruniform, 9-10 x 2-5-3 fj," Sacc. Cystidia coloured, 
 abundant. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 **P. silky, or glossy. Cystidia wanting. 
 
 1898. P. Montagnei Fr. (= Polystictus cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc. 
 sec. Lloyd.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 11, as Polystictus 
 Montagnei Fr. 
 
 J. F. C. Montagne, the eminent French mycologist. 
 P. 3-8 cm., ferruginous, cyathiform, irregular, uneven, zoneless, 
 tomentose, becoming smooth; margin thin. St. 2-3 cm. x 5-9 mm., 
 concolorous, unequal, pubescent. Tubes yellowish white, then ferrugi- 
 nous, short, decurrent; orifice of pores large, round, obtuse, entire. 
 Flesh ferruginous, somewhat corky, thick. Spores hyaline, ovoid 
 pruniform, 5-6 x 4-5^,, punctate. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1899. P. cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc. Lloyd, Myc. Notes, Polyporoid 
 Issue, no. 1, fig. 200. Cinnamomeus, cinnamon. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., bright cinnamon, piano-depressed, then subinfundibuli- 
 form, somewhat corky, flaccid, velvety becoming glabrous, silky, 
 shining, at first with darker fuscous zones, then becoming tawny, 
 and zoneless. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-5 mm., concolorous, attenuated at the 
 base, or somewhat bulbous, velvety. Tubes fuscous cinnamon, becoming 
 tawny when dry, adnate, 12-5 mm. long; orifice of pores greyish, 
 somewhat large, pentagonal, or hexagonal. Flesh concolorous, spongy. 
 Spores yellowish, broadly elliptical, with an oblique apiculus, 67 x 4- 
 5/x. Smell unpleasant. Under trees, and burnt places. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1900. P. perennis (Linn.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 89, no. 197. 
 
 Perennis, perennial. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., cinnamon, then date brown, often becoming whitish with 
 age, hemispherical, plane, or cyathiform, coriaceous, tough, thin, 
 zoned, velvety, becoming smooth; margin fimbriate, then entire. St. 
 2-5-5 cm. x 3-8 mm., tawny, or concolorous, attenuated upwards, 
 often bulbous at the base, velvety, firm. Tubes tawny, decurrent, 
 2-3 mm. long; orifice of pores silvery, becoming tawny, minute, an- 
 gular, acute, then torn. Flesh tawny, fibrillosely leathery, tough. 
 Spores hyaline, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/z, 1-guttulate. Charcoal heaps, 
 and about stumps. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 II. P. thin, hemispherical, or excentric, firm, squamulose, villose, or 
 smooth. St. generally thin, corky, rarely branched, sometimes 
 black at the base. Flesh leathery, white. Tubes heterogeneous', pores 
 round, or polygonal, small, white. Spores hyaline. Perennial. 
 Growing on wood.
 
 576 POLYPORUS 
 
 *P. at first villose, or squamulose. 
 
 1901. P. brumalis (Pers.) Fr. Brumalis, pertaining to winter. 
 P. 2-10 cm., fuliginous, becoming pale and tan colour with age, 
 
 convex, then plane, more or less umbilicate, fleshy pliant, then coria- 
 ceous, villose, or squamulose, becoming smooth; margin fimbriato- 
 ciliate, or velvety. St. 1-5-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, velvety, or 
 squamulose. Tubes white, decurrent, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores 
 white, becoming yellowish, round, angular, or oblong, small, toothed. 
 Flesh whitish, very firm, thin at the margin. Spores white, oblong, 
 often curved, 6-8 x 2-3/>t, 1-2-guttulate. Dead branches, and twigs 
 in woods, and wood heaps. Sept. May. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1902. P. arcularius (Batsch) FT. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 16. 
 
 Arcula, a casket. 
 
 P. 13 cm., fuscous, becoming yellow with age, convex, subumbilicate, 
 pliant, then coriaceous, at first covered with fuscous squamules, then 
 becoming smooth and ochraceous; margin strigose. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 
 1-2 mm., greyish fuscous, or bistre, subsquamulose, becoming smooth. 
 Tubes whitish, adnato-decurrent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, 
 becoming tawny, oblong, rhomboidal, thin, rather large, entire. Flesh 
 white, thin, leathery. Spores white, globose, 3/x. Dead twigs, and 
 branches in woods, and shrubberies. Sept. May. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1903. P. lentus Berk. Berk. Outl. t. 16, fig. 1. (? = 
 tubarius Quel.) Lentus, pliant. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., reddish brown, becoming ochraceous, convex, umbili- 
 cate, thin, tough, furfuraceo-squamulose, becoming smooth. St. 1- 
 2-5 cm. x 4-9 mm., concolorous, central, or excentric, straight, or 
 curved, hispid, or furfur 'aceous, often covered with pores to the base. 
 Tubes white, decurrent, 2-3 mm. long; orifice of tubes white, large, 
 angular, irregular. Flesh white, leathery, tough. Spores "white, 
 elliptic fusiform, 12 x 4-5 /A" Massee. Dead roots, fallen branches, 
 and gorse stems. April Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1904. P. melanopus (Swartz) Fr. /LteXa?, black; TTOI;?, foot. 
 P. 3-10 cm., white, then yellowish fuscous or greyish bistre, convexo- 
 
 plane and umbilicate, then infundibuliform, fleshy pliant, at first 
 minutely fiocculose, or pruinose. St. 2-4 cm. x 6-10 mm., dark brown, 
 bistre, or black, gradually incrassated upwards, or thickened down- 
 wards, excentric, minutely velvety. Tubes white, decurrent, -5-1 mm. 
 long; orifice of pores white, minute, round, fimbriate under a lens. 
 Flesh white, thick, soft. Spores white, oblong, or pip-shaped, 7-8 x 
 3/n, 1-guttulate. Smell often pleasant. Dead pine roots, and branches 
 in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 POLYPORTJS 577 
 
 **P. and st. glabrous. St. often black at the base. 
 
 1905. P. fuscidulus (Schrad.) Fr. Fuscidulus, somewhat dark. 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., fuscous yellowish, convexo-plane, fleshy, pliant, sub- 
 coriaceous, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4 mm., fuscous, then yellow, 
 equal, or thickened at both ends, smooth. Tubes yellowish, adnate, 
 7mm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, subangular, quite entire, 
 minute. Flesh yellowish white, thin, tough. Spores "hyaline, elliptic- 
 oblong, 5-6 x 2 /Li" Massee. On twigs, and chips of wood. Sept. 
 Feb. Eare. 
 
 1906. P. leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr. \eirr 6^, thin; Ke<f>a\rf, head. 
 P. 2-3 cm., pale, then fawn colour, convexo-plane, pliant, then 
 
 coriaceous, thin, smooth ; margin rather wavy. St. 12-5 cm. x 3 
 4 mm., pallid, smooth. Tubes whitish, adnate; orifice of pores whitish, 
 round, minute, obtuse. Flesh white, leathery. Spores "hyaline, oblong 
 pruniform, 8 /it, guttulate" Quel. On stumps, and dead birch trunks 
 in woods. Oct. March. Rare. 
 
 1907. P. nummularius (Bull.) Quel. Rostk. Polyp, t. 12. 
 
 Nummularius, like money. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., whitish cream colour, then ochraceous and becoming 
 whitish, convexo-plane, hemispherical, rarely umbonate, thin, smooth. 
 St. 1-2 cm. x 3-5 mm., blackish bistre, whitish cream at the apex, 
 equal, or attenuated downwards, firm, piuinose. Tubes white, then 
 yellowish, decurrent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, then straw 
 colour, minute, round, ciliate under a lens. Flesh white, hard, woody. 
 Spores white, oblong, 7-9 x 2-5-3 /x, 1-2-guttulate, sometimes curved. 
 Dead twigs, and branches in woods, and wood heaps. Aug. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1908. P. picipes Fr. Pers. Icon, pictae rar. fung. t. rv, fig. 1, as 
 Boletus infundibulis. Pix, pitch ; pes, foot. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., pallid, then chestnut, or pale yellowish livid and chestnut 
 at the disc, cyathiform, or depressed at the disc or behind, fleshy 
 coriaceous, then rigid, smooth; margin scalloped. St. 2-7 x -5-2 cm., 
 brownish bistre, or olivaceous, punctate with black up to the pores, 
 excentric, or lateral, pruinosely velvety, becoming smooth, firm. Tubes 
 white, then yellowish, decurrent, 1-5 mm. long; orifice of pores white, 
 then yellowish, or pinkish, very small, round. Flesh white, tough. 
 Spores hyaline, pruniform, 7-8 x 4//,, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant. 
 On pollarded willows, and stumps. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1909. P. varius Fr. (= Polyporus cakeolus (BuU.) Quel. ; Polyporus 
 efegr<ms(Bull.)Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 202. Farms, variable. 
 
 P. 5-12 cm., pallid ochraceous, then tan colour, or cinnamon streaked 
 with brown, very coriaceous, cyathiform, or plane and depressed at
 
 578 POLYPORUS 
 
 the disc or beyond, smooth. St. 1-5-5 cm. x 4-12 mm., pale ochra- 
 ceous at the apex, black lower down, central, excentric, or lateral, 
 smooth, tough, firm. Tubes whitish, then ochraceous or cinnamon, de- 
 current, 1-3 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming yellowish, 
 small, round. Flesh white, then yellowish, very tough, woody, thin. 
 Spores white, oblong or elliptical, 7 x 2-5-Sju,. Smell slight. Taste 
 bitter. On stumps, trunks, and fallen branches. July Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1910. P. petaloides Fr. TreraXoz/, a leaf; elSo?, like. 
 P. 56 cm., chestnut fuscous, spathulate, submembranaceous, rugose, 
 
 smooth, flaccid when moist. St. 2 cm. x 8-10 mm., whitish, lateral, 
 ascending, compressed, expanding into the p., smooth, dilated at the 
 base into a shield-like organ of attachment. Tubes shining white, de- 
 current, very short; orifice of pores white, very small. Spores "almost 
 colourless, elliptical, 6 x 2-5-3 /x" Massee. Old stumps. Jan. Rare. 
 
 1911. P. osseus Kalchbr. (= Polyporus albidus (Schaeff.) Quel.) 
 Kalchbr. Icon. t. 34, fig. 2. Osseus, like bone. 
 
 P. 2-5-8 cm., white, becoming yellowish, convex, often imbricate, 
 lobed, smooth. St. white, simple, branched, or obsolete, smooth, hard, 
 firm. Tubes white, decurrent, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores white, 
 round, at length torn, or denticulate, minute. Flesh white, compact, 
 becoming firm. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 p. Smell somewhat acid. 
 Taste becoming bitter. Larch stumps. Oct. Rare. 
 
 III. P. simple, rarely compound. Stipitate, or caespitose. Flesh soft, 
 or slightly leathery, fragile, or firm, white. Tubes heterogeneous, 
 pores round, or polygonal, of medium size, white. Spores white, or 
 coloured. Annual. Growing on the ground, rarely on wood. 
 
 1912. P. leucomelas (Pers.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 15. 
 
 Xey/eo?, white; yu,e\a9, black. 
 
 P. 4-12 cm., black fuliginous, convex, then expanded, often irregular 
 and lobed, fleshy, fibrillose, disc often squamulose. St. 2-5-10 x 2- 
 3 cm., concolorous, pale at the apex, equal, or tuberous, subtomentose, 
 sometimes squamulose from the breaking up of the cuticle, firm. 
 Tubes white, decurrent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming 
 grey, rather large, entire, then torn. Flesh white, reddish when broken, 
 and often blackish in the st., thick, soft. Spores white, subglobose, 
 5-6 ft, warted. Taste slightly bitter. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1913. P. flavo-virens Berk. <fe Rav. Flavus, yellow; virens, green. 
 P. 8-10 cm., dirty yellowish green, pulvinate, or depressed, irregu- 
 larly lobed, fleshy, subtomentose. St. 5 x 2-3 cm., pallid, subcon-
 
 POLYPORUS 579 
 
 color ous, incrassated upwards. Tubes white, then yellowish green, very 
 decurrent, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, angular, very 
 irregular, finally torn. Flesh white, thick, soft. Spores dirty green, 
 broadly fusiform, 15-18 x 7-8jii. Under pines. Sept. Kare. (v.v.) 
 
 IV. P. simple, rarely compound. St. generally thick. Flesh soft, or 
 leathery, white. Tubes heterogeneous; pores honey-comb-like, broad. 
 Spores white or pale coloured. Annual. Growing on the ground, or 
 on wood. 
 
 *P. velvety, hispid or squamulose. 
 
 1914. P. squamosus (Huds.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 207; and 
 forma erecta Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 133. Squamosus, scaly. 
 
 P. 10-60 cm., ochraceous, variegated with broad, adpressed, centri- 
 fugal, darker, fuscous scales, fan-shaped, or hemispherical, convex, 
 then plane and at length concave, often umbilicate when young, 
 fleshy pliant, often imbricate and flattened. St. 15 x 1-5 cm., ochra- 
 ceous, base blackish, excentric, lateral, or wanting, apex reticulate. 
 Tubes white, then yellowish, adnato-decurrent, 5-10 mm. long; orifice 
 of pores pallid, at first minute, then large, angular, and torn. Flesh 
 white, soft, becoming leathery, thick. Spores white, oblong, 10-12 x 
 4-5 p, 1-2-guttulate. Smell strong. Said to be edible. On trunks of 
 ash, apple, walnut, maple, elm, yew, oak, birch, lime, etc. April 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1915. P. Boucheanus (Klotzsch) Fr. (= Polyporus Forquignoni Quel. 
 sec. Lloyd.) Augustus Bouche. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., bright tawny, or yellowish, plane, or cyathiform, fleshy, 
 smooth, then breaking up into floccose, erect squamules. St. 3-4-5 x 1- 
 2 cm., concolorous, becoming fuscous at the base, excentric, or lateral, 
 rarely central, tomentose. Tubes whitish becoming yellow, adnato- 
 decurrent, 2-5 mm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, large, angular, 
 toothed. Flesh yellowish, soft, becoming firm. Spores white, oblong, 
 or oblong fusiform, 14-16 x 6/z, 1-guttulate. On dead oak branches, 
 twigs, and burnt gorse stems. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1916. P. Michelii Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 1. 
 
 Pier Antonio Micheli, an early mycologist. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., yellowish white, depressed, repand, fleshy pliant, 
 minutely silky, subsquamulose. St. 2-5 x 1 cm., white, becoming fus- 
 cous at the base, somewhat lateral, bulbous, rough. Tubes white, 
 adnato-decurrent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, large, 2 mm. 
 across, round, or oblong. Flesh white, firm. Spores " almost colourless, 
 elongato-elliptical, 16-17 x 7/u," Massee. Trunks, and stumps, es- 
 pecially willow. Sept. Rare. 
 
 372
 
 580 POLYPOBUS 
 
 **P. smooth. 
 
 1917. P. Rostkovii Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 17, as Polyporus infundibuli- 
 formis Rostk. 
 
 Dr Friedrich Wilhelm Theophilus Rostkovius, one of the editors 
 and illustrators of Sturm's Deutschlands Flora. 
 P. 3-15 cm., smoke colour, or sometimes yellowish, dimidiato-mfundi- 
 buliform, fleshy pliant, thin, smooth, even. St. 7-15 cm., black, ex- 
 centric, often connate and caespitose at the thickened base, reticu- 
 lated. Tubes white, then dingy yellowish, very decurrent, 4-8 mm. long; 
 orifice of pores white, then ochraceous, large, pentagonal, or oblong, 
 acute, toothed. Flesh white, soft. Spores " almost colourless, elongate- 
 elliptical, 14-16 x 5-6 //." Massee, "guttulate" Quel. Smell pleasant. 
 Stumps, and trunks, especially ash. July Jan. Uncommon. 
 
 V. P. compound, many pileoli arising from a common trunk, or 
 tubercle, or caespitose and imbricate. Spores white, or pale yellow- 
 ish. Of large size, growing on wood or the roots of trees. 
 A. P. fleshy, firm, many pileoli arising from a common stalk. 
 
 1918. P. umbellatus Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 91, no. 200. 
 
 Umbella, a parasol. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., fuliginous, rufous, or pallid light yellow, rarely white, 
 convex, umbilicate, entire, pruinose, or villose. St. 2-3 x -5-1 cm., 
 white, branched, arising from a common stalk which is often developed 
 from a sclerotium, each branch giving rise to a separate p., pruinose. 
 Tubes white, decurrent, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores white, minute, 
 round, or angular. Flesh white, soft, elastic. Spores white, oblong, 
 or pip-shaped, 7-9 x 3/x, 1-2-guttulate. Smell pleasant. Edible. 
 Forming large tufts on and around old stumps. July Oct. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1919. P. frondosus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 91, no. 201. 
 
 Frondosus, leafy. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., fuliginous grey, or greyish tan colour; margin often white, 
 dimidiate, spathulate, lobed, intricately recurved, rugose, pruinose, 
 or villose. St. 10-30 x 510 cm., white, Incoming discoloured, sparingly 
 branched, smooth. Tubes white, decurrent, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores 
 white, very small, round, or polygonal, then denticulate. Flesh white, 
 becoming discoloured, fibrous, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 6 x 5/z, 
 punctate. Smell of new meal. Edible, but rather tough. Forming 
 large tufts on oaks, hornbeam, and old stumps. Sept. Oct. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1920. P. intybaceus Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 92, no. 202. 
 
 evrvftov, chicory. 
 P. 3-6 cm., pale yellowish inclining to fuscous, nut colour becoming
 
 POLYPORUS 581 
 
 brownish, much branched, and divided up into numerous spathulate lobes, 
 undulate, sinuous, often conchate. St. 2-3 x 1-5-4 cm., white, gradu- 
 ally spreading and dividing into the lobes of the p. Tubes white, decur- 
 rent, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming fuscous, minute, 
 round. Flesh white, often becoming reddish, soft, elastic. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 6-7 x 3ju. Smell often like that of mice. Edible but rather 
 tough. Forming large tufts on beech, oak trees and on stumps. Sept 
 Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1921. P. cristatus (Pers.) Fr. Krombh. t. 48, figs. 15 and 16. 
 
 Cristatus, crested. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., rufous greenish, or greenish yellow, entire, or dimidiate, 
 or spathulate, scalloped, or lobed, depressed, subpulverulently villose, 
 then rimosely squamulose. St. 2-5-6 x 1-2 cm., white, or lemon yellow, 
 becoming discoloured, irregularly shaped, connate, rarely simple, 
 glabrous. Tubes whitish, decurrent, 12 mm. long; orifice of pores 
 whitish, becoming discoloured, minute, angular, toothed. Flesh white, 
 becoming discoloured, soft, fragile. Spores white, subglobose, 5-6 x 5/x, 
 with a large central gutta. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Eare. (v.v.) 
 
 B. P. at first soft and succulent, then dry and fragile, arising from 
 
 a tubercle, or caespitose. Pores yellow, or flesh colour. 
 
 *Flesh white, or yellowish. 
 
 1922. P. sulphurous (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 113. 
 
 Sulphureus, like sulphur. 
 
 P. 10-40 cm., reddish yellow, or orange, becoming paler with age, 
 imbricated, undulated, pruinose, sessile, rarely stalked. Tubes sulphur 
 yellow, becoming paler, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores bright sulphur 
 yellow, becoming pale, minute, round. Flesh light yellowish, then white, 
 soft, cheesy, often exuding a sulphur yellow milk when broken and 
 quite fresh. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5ju,, minutely papillose. 
 Taste acid. Said to be edible. On stumps, and trunks of willows, 
 oaks, alders, walnuts, poplars, apples, ashes, yews, pines, etc. May 
 Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. ramosus (Bull.) Quel. Ramosus, branching. 
 
 Differs from the type in dividing up into several digitate-like, cylin- 
 drical branches covered with the pores. On oaks, and willows. Aug. 
 Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. albolabyrinthiporus Rea. 
 
 Albus, white; \aftv pivOos, intricate; tropo^, a pore. 
 Differs from the type in the white, labyrinthiform, torn pores, and 
 in the flesh being white from the first. On an oak. Nov. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.)
 
 582 POLYPORUS 
 
 1923. P. imbricatus (Bull.) Fr. (= Polyporus sulphureus (Bull.) Fr. 
 sec. Lloyd.) Rostk. Polyp, t. 21. 
 
 Imbricatus, covered with tiles. 
 
 P. 50-100 cm., yellowish tawny, or buff, becoming pale; margin pale, 
 somewhat zoned, imbricated, very broad, lobed, and undulated, 
 glabrous, sessile, rarely stalked. Tubes pale, becoming dirty yellowish, 
 long, thin; orifice of pores pale, becoming concolorous with the p., 
 minute, round. Flesh becoming fuscous when moist, white when dry, 
 somewhat firm, fibrillosely cheesy. Taste bitter. Smell "like Gentian 
 root" Bulliard, or "seed-cake" W. G. Sm. Oak trunks. June Nov. 
 Rare. 
 
 1924. P. Herbergii (Rostk.) B. & Br. Rostk. Polyp, t. 18. 
 
 Herbergius. 
 
 P. 10-20 cm., bright rusty bay, becoming sulphur yellow towards the 
 margin, imbricated, minutely velvety, becoming almost glabrous, 
 sessile. Tubes pale grey, 4-8 mm. long; orifice of pores pale grey, 
 labyrinthiform, unequal, torn, and toothed. Caespitose. On trunks. 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 **Flesh deeply coloured. 
 
 1925. P. spongia Fr. (= Polyporus Schweinitzii Fr. sec. Lloyd.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 180, fig. 2. a-TToyyid, a sponge. 
 
 P. 5-30 cm., brownish ferruginous, becoming tawny ferruginous when 
 dry, dimidiate, connate in broad, dense tufts, or imbricate, then flat- 
 tened, wrinkled, rugulose, strigosely tomentose, sessile, or stalked. 
 Tubes light yellow, becoming brownish, 2mm. long; orifice of pores 
 light yellow, soon becoming brownish, small, round, or angular, entire. 
 Flesh rhubarb colour, becoming paler, spongy, soft, finally fragile. Spores 
 very pale yellow, elliptical, 7 x 4/z. Caespitose. Coniferous stumps. 
 Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1926. P. Schweinitzii Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 79, fig. 3. 
 
 Ludwig David von Schweinitz, the American mycologist. 
 P. 10-40 cm., bright tawny, disc becoming date brown with the ex- 
 ception of the yellowish tawny margin, and finally becoming entirely 
 fuscous, regular and plano-cup-shaped, or irregular, dimidiate, and 
 imbricate, rugose, strigosely tomentose, fibrillose. St. 3-12 x 5-6 cm., 
 ferruginous, sometimes wanting, strigose. Tubes greenish yellow, de- 
 current, 3-5 mm. long; orifice of pores greenish yellow, broad, angular, 
 often irregular. Flesh rhubarb colour, becoming fuscous, spongy, then 
 fibrillose, and finally fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4^i, with 
 a large central gutta. On stumps, and roots of conifers. July Nov. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 P. rufescens Fr. = Daedalea biennis (Bull.) Quel.
 
 POLYPORUS 583 
 
 C. P. firm, tough, subcoriaceous, corky, or leathery. Caespitose. 
 
 1927. P. giganteus (Pers.) Fr. (= Polyporus acanthoides (BuU.) Quel.) 
 Boud. Icon. t. 153. yi>ya<;, a giant. 
 
 P. 10-80 cm., date brown, at first pale, then brownish yellow, disc at 
 length black, densely imbricated, dimidiate, very broad, flaccid, sub- 
 zoned, rivulose, depressed behind, cuticle breaking up into granules 
 or fibrillose squamules. St. 3-10 x 2-5 cm., whitish, connato-branched 
 from a common tubercle, sometimes wanting. Tubes whitish, decur- 
 rent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming fuliginous and 
 black when touched or rubbed, round, or angular, minute. Flesh white, 
 becoming black, tough, subcoriaceous. Spores white, globose, 4-5 /A, 
 with a large central gutta. Smell sour. Taste unpleasant. Forming 
 dense masses at the base of beeches, oaks, elms, chestnuts, and 
 robinias. July Jan. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1928. P. acanthoides (Bull.) Fr. aicavdos, acanthus; etSos, like. 
 P. 590 cm., ferruginous, or pale chestnut, densely imbricated, in- 
 
 fundibulif orm, inciso-dimidiate, subzoned, longitudinally rugose, thin. 
 St. white, then rufescent, connato-branched. Tubes white, then rufescent, 
 short; orifice of pores white, then rufescent, lamelloso-sinuate, thin, 
 toothed. Flesh faintly rufous, thin, 4-6 mm. thick, pliant, then 
 coriaceous. Spores white, "subglobose, 4 x 3/u," Massee. In dense 
 clusters on trunks, roots, and buried wood. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1929. P. alligatus Fr. (= Polyporus imberbis (Bull.) Quel.) 
 
 Alligatus, bound up. 
 
 P. 2-5-8 cm., tan isabelline, imbricated, unequal, very variable, 
 irregularly club-shaped, or variously expanded, dilated, often circular 
 in outline, undulate, villose, sessile. Tubes white, short; orifice of 
 pores white, minute, readily stopped up with flocci. Flesh paler, rigid, 
 fibrous. Spores "pale, elliptical, 6 x 7/u," Massee. On roots, often 
 wrapping round stipules and grasses. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1930. P. heteroclitus (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 164, as Boletus 
 heteroclitus Bolt. erepo/eXtTo?, leaning to one side. 
 
 P. 6 cm., orange, sessile, flat, expanded on all sides from a radical 
 tubercle, lobed, villose. Tubes golden yellow, short; orifice of pores 
 yellow, becoming brownish, irregular, and elongate. On the ground 
 under oaks. Jan. Rare. 
 P. salignus Fr. = Daedalea saligna Fr. 
 
 B. Sessile. 
 
 VI. P. with a rigid crust, often resinous. Tubes heterogeneous, separable ; 
 pores round, rarely polygonal. Spores white, or slightly coloured. 
 Cystidia coloured, or none. Annual. Growing on wood.
 
 584 POLYPORUS 
 
 1931. P. betulinus (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 229. 
 
 Betula, birch. 
 
 P. 7-30 cm., pale, becoming brownish with age and often mottled, 
 roundish, or reniform, attached by a narrow, bossy base which some- 
 times forms a short stalk; pellicle smooth, thin, separating; margin 
 very obtuse, sterile. Tubes white, 2-8 mm. long, often separating; 
 orifice of pores white, becoming darker, minute, round. Flesh white, 
 soft, then corky. Spores white, oblong, 5-7 x 2/x, often curved. 
 Birch, rarely beech. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1932. P. quercinus (Schrad.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 154. Quercus, oak. 
 P. 7-15 x 5-12 cm., pale tan, or tinged with red, and becoming reddish 
 
 when bruised or with age, tongue-shaped, convexo-plane, narrowed 
 behind into a thick horizontal stem, at first floccoso-granular, or 
 minutely squamulose, becoming smooth; margin obtuse, sometimes 
 lobed. Tubes whitish, 4 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, or yellowish, 
 becoming reddish when bruised, and finally concolorous, minute, round. 
 Flesh whitish, lemon yellow under the cuticle and at the base of the tubes, 
 often pinkish elsewhere when young, especially in the stem, 1-5 2-5 cm. 
 thick, floccose, soft, then hardened. Spores white, often yellowish, 
 oblong, 10-12 x 4-5/Li, slightly granular inside. Taste very bitter. 
 Oaks, and oak logs. May Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1933. P. dryadeus (Pers.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 458. fy>0<?, oak. 
 P. 7 30 cm., yellowish, then ferruginous and becoming brown, dimi- 
 diate, horizontal, pulvinate, imbricate, cuticle thin, soft, pruinose, 
 rugged, becoming even, smooth; margin often exuding watery drops. 
 Tubes ferruginous, 10-30 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, round, 
 small. Flesh ferruginous, subzoned, soft, becoming corky, thick. 
 Spores pale ferruginous in the mass, yellowish under the microscope, 
 globose, 6-8 x 6-7 (JL, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, straight, 40 x 8/z." 
 Lloyd. Taste acid, the drops very astringent from the tannic acid 
 they contain. At the base of oaks. May Dec. Common, (v.v .) 
 
 VII. P. villose, velvety, or strigose, without a cuticle. Flesh coloured, 
 moist, then firm, and fragile. Tubes heterogeneous, separable, 
 coloured. Spores white, or coloured. Cystidia coloured, or wanting. 
 Annual. Growing on wood. 
 
 1934. P. hispidus (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 158. Hispidus, shaggy. 
 P. 10-30 cm., yellowish, then ferruginous and finally blackish, 
 
 dimidiate, pulvinate, thick, very hispid, shaggy. Tubes ferruginous, 
 2-3 cm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, becoming concolorous, small, 
 round, becoming torn, often exuding watery drops. Flesh ferruginous, 
 2-5-10 cm. thick, spongy, fibrous, becoming dry and fragile. Spores 
 brown, subglobose, 9-10 x 7-8/x, often apiculate, 1-multi-guttulate.
 
 POLYPORTJS 585 
 
 Cystidia sparse, or absent. Ashes, apples, and walnuts. May Feb. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1935. P. cuticularis (Bull.) Fr. Cuticula, a thin external skin. 
 P. 7-30 cm., tawny, then ferruginous fuscous and finally blackish, 
 
 applanate, dimidiate, rather triquetrous, imbricate, becoming plane, 
 thin, hairy, tomentose, obsoletely zoned, becoming smooth; margin 
 incurved, fimbriate. Tubes dark brown, 3-10 mm. long; orifice of pores 
 whitish, glistening, then concolorous, small, round, or angular, often 
 torn. Flesh dark brown, thin, 3-10 mm. thick, fibrillose, hard. Spores 
 ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /z. Cystidia sparse, or absent. 
 Beeches, birches, and hornbeams. Aug. Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1936. P. benzoinus (Wahlenb.) Fr. (= Polyporus fuliginosus (Scop.) 
 Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc n, t. 12. 
 
 Benzoin, a fragrant, resinous juice. 
 
 P. 7-12 cio.., fuscous rubiginous, shell-shaped, dimidiate, often con- 
 stricted at the base, subimbricate, often marked with metallic, bluish 
 zones, tomentose, becoming rugose when old, and darker. Tubes 
 whitish, or yellowish, 6-10 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming 
 ferruginous, minute, round, or deltoid. Flesh fuscous, then pale wood 
 colour, firm. Spores white, oblong, 4-5 x 2-2-5ju,, curved. Smell very 
 pleasant, aromatic. Cedars and Abies. Oct. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1937. P. cryptarum (Bull.) Fr. KpvTmj, a vault. 
 P. 10-20 cm., tawny, or brown, becoming paler, effuso-reflexed, im- 
 bricate, wrinkled, silky, distilling drops. Tubes cinnamon, very long; 
 orifice of pores ochraceous, minute, round. Flesh cinnamon, thick, or 
 thin, spongy, then corky. Abies, and rotting coniferous wood. Not 
 uncommon. 
 
 1938. P. rutilans (Pers.) Fr. (= Polyporus nidulans Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 Pers. Icon, et Desc. fung. min. cogn. t. 6, fig. 3. 
 
 Rutilans, becoming reddish. 
 
 P. 2-6 cm., tawny-cinnamon or reddish grey, becoming pale, convex, 
 effused behind, imbricate, rarely solitary, villose, becoming smooth; 
 margin inflexed, obtuse, unequal. Tubes white, becoming concolorous, 
 1-3 mm. long; orifice of tubes white, glistening, soon becoming con- 
 colorous, minute, round. Flesh concolorous, firm, pliant, giving a 
 blue juice when extracted with alcohol. Spores white, globose, 4/u,. 
 Smell pleasant. Fallen branches, and dead aspens. Jan. Dec. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1939. P. nidulans Fr. (= Polyporus rutilans (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 Saund. & Sm. t. 45, as Polyporus rutilans. Nidus, a nest. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., pale yellowish, or flesh colour, pulvinate, solitary, convex 
 above and below, villose, becoming smooth ; margin spreading, obtuse.
 
 586 POLYPORUS 
 
 Tubes cinnamon, 2-5 mm. long; orifice of pores concolorous, becoming 
 purplish when bruised, rather large, angular. Flesh pale cinnamon, 
 very soft, easily compressed, giving a blue juice when extracted 
 with alcohol. Spores white, pip-shaped, 4-5 x 1-5-2-5/n. Smell 
 pleasant when dried. Twigs, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1940. P. gilvus Schwein. Gilvus, pale yellow. 
 P. 5-10 cm., brown, becoming pale yellowish, applanate, often im- 
 bricate, even, often rugulose. Tubes brown, 3-10 mm. long; orifice of 
 pores brown, small, round. Flesh bright yellow, becoming cinnamon 
 brown when old, hard, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 45 x 3'5-^4/M, 
 1-guttulate. " Cystidia abundant, slender, sharp, projecting, 12-16/n " 
 Lloyd. Deciduous trees, especially beech. Jan. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1941. P. radiatus (Sow.) Fr. Radiatus, radiate. 
 P. 2-6 cm., tawny, margin yellow, becoming ferruginous fuscous, 
 
 dimidiate, very imbricate, radiately rugose, minutely velvety, becoming 
 smooth; margin spreading, repand. Tubes ferruginous, 4-5 mm. long; 
 orifice of pores silvery, glistening, minute, round, or angular. Flesh 
 pale cinnamon, fibrous, hard, rigid. Spores white, subglobose, 5 x 4/u,. 
 Cystidia coloured, fusiform, 20-30 x 5-8/M, sparse. Beeches, birches, 
 and especially on alders. Sept. April. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1942. P. nodulosus Fr. (= Polyporus polymorphus Rostk.) Trans. 
 Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 16. " Nodulosus, full of little knobs. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., fulvous, then rust coloured, triquetrous, nodular, connate, 
 villose, rugose, rough. Tubes light cinnamon, 1-5 mm. long; orifice of 
 pores silvery, glistening, minute, round, unequal, acutely torn. Flesh 
 paler, very hard. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/n. Beeches. Sept. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 P. polymorphus Rostk. = Polyporus nodulosus Fr. 
 
 VIII. P. villose, fioccose, orfibrillose, rarely smooth, without a cuticle. 
 Flesh white, fibrous, soft, zoned, putrescent. Tubes heterogeneous, 
 often separable. Spores white, pale blue in 1954. Cystidia present, 
 or none. Annual. Growing on wood. 
 
 t Pores coloured. 
 
 1943. P. amorphus Fr. a/uo/><o9, misshapen. 
 P. 3-4 cm., white, effuso-reflexed, or dimidiate, imbricate, some- 
 times resupinate, silky, or tomentose. Tubes white, becoming golden, 
 or pinkish, short; orifice of pores concolorous, round, or irregular 
 and torn. Flesh white, soft, pliant, " subgelatinous " Lloyd. Spores 
 white, subglobose, 4-5/x, 1-guttulate. Trunks, stumps, and needles 
 of various conifers. Sept. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 , POLYPORUS 587 
 
 1944. P. armeniacus Berk. (= Polyporus amorphus Fr. sec. Cke.) 
 
 Armeniaca, apricot. 
 
 P. 8cm., white, broadly effused, suborbicular, confluent; margin 
 minutely downy. Tubes white, then bright buff, changing to deep cinna- 
 mon during drying, short ; orifice of pores concolorous, minute, round, 
 rather irregular, often confined to the centre. Flesh whitish, very thin. 
 Spores "white, elliptical, 7 x 4-5/i" Massee. Fir, and pine bark. 
 Sept. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1945. P. adiposus B. & Br. (= Polyporus undatus Pers. sec. Bres.) 
 Lloyd, Synop. Sec. Apus. Gen. Polyp, figs. 662 and 663, as 
 Polyporus undatus. Adiposus, fat. 
 
 P. 1-1-5 cm., white, here and there acquiring a foxy tinge, efhiso- 
 reflexed, often entirely resupinate, obscurely tomentose. Tubes 
 whitish, tinged in places with brown, short, or long; orifice of pores 
 whitish, becoming brownish, either small and round, or angular and 
 torn. Flesh white, waxy, soft. Spores white, globose, 4-5/i, 1-guttu- 
 late. The whole fungus turns brown in drying. Ditch sides, ground 
 beside stumps, and mosses. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1946. P. albus (Huds.) Fr. Albus, white. 
 P. 3-9 cm., white, becoming greyish, dimidiate, shell-shaped, smooth. 
 
 Tubes white, becoming reddish, short; orifice of pores white, then reddish, 
 small, round, becoming irregular. Flesh white, soft, zoned. Spores 
 "white, oval, 6ju,, punctate" Quel. Willows, and beeches. Nov. 
 March. Rare. 
 
 1947. P. fumosus (Pers.) Fr. Fumosus, smoky. 
 P. 4-12 cm., pale ochraceous, then fuliginous, and becoming black at 
 
 the margin, dimidiate, adnate and dilated behind, imbricate, minutely 
 tomentose, becoming smooth. Tubes whitish cream, then smoky, short; 
 orifice of pores whitish, becoming fuliginous, minute, round. Flesh 
 whitish, firm, fibrous, somewhat zoned. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 
 3-4/z, often with a basal apiculus. Smell strong, or none. Willows, 
 beeches, birches, and poplars. July March. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. fragrans (Peck) Rea. Fragrans, scented. 
 
 Differs from the type in the sweet smell, and concolorous margin of 
 the p. Willow, and elm stumps. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1948. P. adustus (Willd.) Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 18, fig. 2. 
 
 Adustus, swarthy. 
 
 P. 3-7 cm., cinereous pallid, becoming black at the margin, effuso- 
 reflexed, dimidiate, orbicular, imbricate, sometimes entirely resupinate, 
 villose, obsoletely zoned, slightly wrinkled. Tubes cinereous, short; 
 orifice of pores at first whitish pruinose, soon cinereous fuscous,
 
 588 POLYPORUS 
 
 becoming blackish when dry, minute, round, marginal ones obsolete 
 and leaving a whitish margin on the underside. Flesh white, then grey 
 or black, soft, floccose, pliant, 3-5 mm. thick. Spores white, elliptical, 
 4-5 x 2-5-3/x. Smell none, rarely fragrant. Trunks, stumps, and 
 fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. crispus (Pers.) Quel. Kostk. Polyp, t. 37. Crispus, crisped. 
 
 Differs from the type in the lobed, crisped margin of the p., and the 
 larger, unequal pores becoming labyrinthiform. Stumps, and fallen 
 branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ft Pores white. 
 *0rifice dentate. 
 
 1949. P. lacteus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 182, fig. 1. Lacteus, milk white. 
 P. 3-7 cm., shining white, triangular, transversely elongated, 
 
 sloping downwards, gibbous behind, pubescent, at length smooth and 
 uneven; margin inflexed, acute. Tubes white, 2-6 mm. long; orifice 
 of pores concolorous, medium sized, toothed, at length labyrinthiform 
 and torn into Sistotrema-like teeth. Flesh white, soft, fragile, generally 
 thinner than the length of the tubes. Spores white, elliptical, or pip- 
 shaped, 4-5 x 2-2-5/x,,' 1-guttulate. Taste astringent. Stumps, and 
 fallen branches. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1950. P. fragilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 182, fig. 2. Fragilis, brittle. 
 P. 3-6 cm., whitish, becoming spotted with fuscous when touched, 
 
 piano-depressed, reniform, dimidiate, sometimes attenuated behind 
 into a stem-like base and pendulous, convex beneath, villose, rugose. 
 Tubes whitish, 2-6 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming fuscous 
 when bruised, round, or angular, becoming sinuous and labyrinthi- 
 form, pubescent. Flesh white, becoming discoloured, fragile, fibrous. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 2-5-3/u,, 1-2-guttulate. Taste somewhat 
 bitter. Stumps, and branches of conifers. Aug. Nov. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 1951. P. Wynnei B. & Br. Mrs Lloyd Wynne. 
 P. 1-6 cm., tan colour, sometimes whitish at first, effuso-reflexed, 
 
 adnate behind, confluent, incrusting, marked with silky raised lines. 
 Tubes white, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming tan colour 
 when dried, angular, fimbriate. Flesh white, soft, becoming hard and 
 fragile. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 3-4 x 2-3/u, 1-guttu- 
 late. Incrusting twigs, leaves, and branches. Sept. Dec. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 1952. P. mollis (Pers.) Fr. Mollis, soft. 
 P. 2-5-8 cm., white, becoming reddish when bruised or with age, 
 
 dimidiate, imbricate, rugose, silky, fibrillose; margin acute. Tubes
 
 POLYPORUS 589 
 
 white, 3-10 mm. long; orifice of pores white, spotted with red when 
 touched, large, elongate, unequal, flexuose. Flesh white, becoming red- 
 dish when cut, soft, firm when dry, fragile, thick. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, 5-6 x 2-3 JLI. Pine stumps. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1953. P. Keithii B. & Br. Rev. Dr James Keith. 
 P. 12 mm., bright red brown, shell-shaped, effuso-reflexed, narrowed 
 
 behind, rough with rigid, tooth-shaped processes. Tubes and pores 
 pallid, large, angular, lacerated. Spores "white, elliptical, 6 x 3 /A" 
 Massee. Fallen sticks. Eare. 
 
 1954. P. caesius (Schrad.) Fr. Caesius, bluish grey. 
 P. 1-8 cm., white, then tinged with bluish grey, dimidiate, often im- 
 bricate, rarely stipitate, sometimes resupinate, villose, or silky. Tubes 
 white, 3-9 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming bluish grey when 
 touched, small, unequal, flexuose, toothed. Flesh white, bluish when 
 broken, soft, watery, then firm. Spores pale blue, oblong, 45 x 1 
 1-5/Lt, 1-guttulate, often curved. Stumps, and dead branches of coni- 
 fers, more rarely on deciduous trees. March Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1955. P. trabeus Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 28. rpd^r/^, a beam. 
 P. 5-10 cm., white, becoming pallid, often tinged with ochre or bistre, 
 
 effuso-reflexed, transversely elongated, minutely pubescent, or smooth. 
 Tubes white, 2-6 mm. long; orifice of pores white, somewhat round, or 
 toothed and labyrinthiform. Flesh white, obsoletely zoned, floccose, 
 then firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/z. Conifers, and yews. 
 Oct. Feb. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1956. P. destructor (Schrad.) Fr. Krombh. t. 5, fig. 8. 
 
 Destructor, destroyer. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., fuscous whitish, effuso-reflexed, sometimes resupinate, 
 rugose, subundulate, pubescent. Tubes white, 3-8 mm. long; orifice 
 of pores white, becoming discoloured with age, somewhat round, toothed, 
 or torn. Flesh whitish, watery, fleshy, thick, zoned. Spores white, 
 subglobose, 3-4 x 3^i. Smell sometimes strong. Conifers, and worked 
 wood. May Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. undulatus (Fr.) Sacc. Undulatus, wavy. 
 
 Differs from the type in the broadly expanded, marginate, whitish 
 bay brown p. 
 
 **0rifice entire. 
 
 1957. P. epileucus Fr. eVtXeu/co?, whitish. 
 P. 7-12 cm., whitish, or yellowish, becoming ochraceous when dried, 
 
 dimidiate, pulvinate, concave below, villous-rugged. Tubes whitish, 
 4-18 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming yellowish, minute, 
 round. Flesh whitish, becoming yellowish, cheesy-soft, 2-5-5 cm. thick,
 
 590 POLYPORUS 
 
 scarcely zoned. Spores white, oval, 4/i. Beech, birch, elm, poplar, 
 willow, and fir stumps. Sept. Nov. Rare. (v.v.) 
 
 1958. P. spumeus (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. fung. t. 211. 
 
 Spumeus, frothy. 
 
 P. 7-16 cm., whitish, dimidiate, pulvinate, gibbous, rugosely hispid, 
 or floccose, becoming smooth; margin incurved. Tubes whitish, 2- 
 8 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming discoloured, minute, 
 round, or linear, separable. Flesh whitish, soft, becoming hard, and 
 discoloured, zoned towards the margin. Spores white, globose, 7-9 /A, 
 multi-guttulate. Beech, pear, apple, ash, hornbeam, elm, oak, willow, 
 and birch trunks and stumps. April Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 P. borealis Fr. = Daedalea borealis (Wahlenb.) Quel. 
 
 1959. P. tephroleucus Fr. Kostk. Polyp, t. 26. 
 
 5, ash-coloured; Xeu6<?, white. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., grey, triquetrous, applanate, often imbricate, plane 
 beneath, unequal, villose, becoming smooth; margin obtuse, flexuose, 
 often white, and becoming blackish when touched. Tubes white, 10- 
 15 mm. long; orifice of pores white, round, small, becoming toothed 
 and fimbriate. Flesh white, zoned with grey or bistre, subgelatinous, 
 soft, becoming firm and fragile. Spores white, allantoid, 4-5 x 1- 
 1-5/A, slightly curved. Beech, and pine stumps, and logs. Sept. 
 Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1960. P. alutaceus Fr. Kostk. Polyp, t. 30, as Polyporus epixanthus 
 Kostk. Aluta, tanned leather. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., tan, reniform, convex, or flattened, often connate, 
 subimbricate, plane beneath, somewhat velvety and rugose; margin 
 acute, even. Tubes whitish tan colour, 3-18 mm. long; orifice of pores 
 yellowish, minute, round. Flesh white, or yellowish, soft, then tough 
 and fragile, obsoletely zoned. Spores "with a slight ochraceous tinge, 
 subglobose, 4ju," Massee. Beech, and pine stumps and trunks. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 1961. P. stipticus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 181, fig. 2. 
 
 ffrvTTTiKos, astringent. 
 
 P. 3-6 cm., white, dimidiate, pulvinate, often imbricate, minutely 
 pubescent, becoming smooth; margin obtuse, becoming reddish. Tubes 
 white, 6-8 mm. long; orifice of pores at first with white milk-like drops, 
 becoming slightly rufescent when dry, small, round, or irregular. Flesh 
 white, soft, then hard, 1-5 cm. thick. Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x 
 1-5/A, slightly curved, guttulate. Taste astringent. Pine trunks and 
 stumps. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 POLYPOBUS. SISTOTBEMA 591 
 
 1962. P. chioneus Fr. Pers. Myc. Eur. n, 1. 15, figs. 4, 5. xidav, snow. 
 P. 2-5 cm., white, dimidiate, sometimes constricted behind into a 
 
 stem-like base, becoming even, smooth; margin inflexed, thin, acute. 
 Tubes white, short; orifice of pores white, minute, round, becoming 
 toothed with age. Flesh white, soft, watery, then rigid. Spores 
 white, "elliptical oblong, 5 /A, incurved" Quel. Taste astringent. 
 Birch stumps, and fallen branches. June Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1963. P. pallescens Fr. Pallescens, growing pale. 
 P. 4-7-5 cm., yellowish, dimidiate, subcaespitose, even, smooth; 
 
 margin acute. Tubes white, short; orifice of pores white, becoming 
 yellowish, minute, round. Flesh yellowish, soft, then corky. Spores 
 "ellipsoid, 6-8 x 4/i" Sacc. Old stumps. Bare. 
 
 1964. P. albidus Trog. Schaeff. Icon. t. 124. AlUdus, whitish. 
 P. 6-10 cm., white, globose, shell-shaped, triquetrous, or sub- 
 
 applanate, sometimes slightly stalked, dry, dull smooth. Tubes white, 
 short; orifice of pores white, round, at length sinuate and splitting. 
 Flesh white, hard, corky- woody. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4 JJL. 
 Abies. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1965. P. cerebrums B. & Br. Cerebrinus, brain-like. 
 P. 2-5 cm., snow white, pulvinate, resupinate, delicately tomentose, 
 
 becoming smooth; margin crenate. Tubes and orifice of pores white, 
 rather large, round, entire, smooth. Flesh white, 6 mm. thick. Spores 
 "white, subfusiform, 5 x 2-5 /z" Massee. Fir. Aug. Rare. 
 
 Sistotrema (Pers.) Fr. 
 (cmo-ro?, shaking; rprjfjua, a hole.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, hemispherical, spathulate, effuso-reflexed, or resupi- 
 nate. Stem central, lateral, or none. Tubes becoming broken up into 
 teeth, or plates, and anastomosing at the base. Flesh pale, or coloured. 
 Spores white, subglobose, oboval, or oblong; smooth, or echinulate; 
 basidia with 4-8-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground, 
 or on wood. 
 
 1966. S. confluens (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 169. 
 
 Confluens, confluent. 
 
 P. 1-2-5 cm., white, then yellowish, hemispherical, spathulate, or 
 irregular, horizontal, villose; margin often yellowish, flexuose. St. 
 5-2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, or ochraceous, central, or lateral, often 
 connate, attenuated downwards, pruinose. Tubes concolorous, be- 
 coming broken up into teeth, or plates, flexuose, entire, or toothed, 
 pruinose. Flesh white, often yellowish at the base of the teeth, thin, firm. 
 Spores white, oval, subglobose, 4-5 x 3-4/u,, 1-multi-guttulate. 
 Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 592 SISTOTREMA. FOMES 
 
 1967. S. sulphureuin (Quel.) Bourd. & Galz. Quel. Ass. fr. (1893), 
 t. in, fig. 10, as Daedalea sulphurea Quel. 
 
 Sulphur eum, sulphur colour. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., whitish sulphur, or citron yellow, effused, little adnate; 
 margin concolorous, similar, or fibrillosely fringed. Spines sulphur, 
 then ochraceous orange, or tawny, apex white, pubescent, obtuse, scat- 
 tered, forming flexuose plates. Flesh concolorous, floccose, spider- 
 web-like, fibrillose, membranaceous, thin. Spores "light yellow, sub- 
 hyaline, at first smooth, then rough, spines hyaline, fugacious, oboval, 
 oblong, apiculate at the base" Bourd. & Galz. Bare earth, stones, 
 herbaceous roots and buried twigs. Jan. Dec. (The type has not 
 yet been recorded for Britain.) 
 
 var. variecolor (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum variecolor Fr.) 
 
 Variecolor, of different colours. 
 
 Differs from the type in the white subiculum, the variable, scattered, 
 yellow, then tawny spines, and the oboval, echinulate spores, 7-8 x 4-6 /z,. 
 Dead oak stumps. Oct. Rare. 
 
 Fr. 
 
 (Fomes, tinder.) 
 
 Pileus hard, woody, or corky, dimidiate, hoof -shaped, or resupinate, 
 sessile, often concentrically zoned, and covered with a rigid crust. 
 Tubes homogeneous, or heterogeneous, often stratose. Flesh white, 
 or coloured. Spores white, or coloured, globose, subglobose, elliptical, 
 or elliptic-oblong, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent, coloured or 
 hyaline. Perennial. Growing on wood. 
 
 *Flesh deeply coloured. 
 
 1968. F. fomentarius (Linn.) Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 62. 
 
 Fomentum, touch- wood. 
 
 P. 10-60 cm., greyish, becoming hoary, hoof-shaped, or dimidiate, 
 attached by a broad base, 7-20 cm. thick, remotely and concentrically 
 sulcate, opaque, pruinose, cuticle thick and very hard. Tubes ferrugi- 
 nous, 13 cm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores glaucous pruinose, then 
 ferruginous, minute, round. Flesh dark brown, soft, floccose, very thick. 
 Spores hyaline, elliptic oblong, 16-18 x 5jii, 1-3-guttulate. Beeches, 
 oaks, limes, hornbeams, and birches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. nigrescens (Klotzsch) Lloyd. Lloyd, Polyp. Issue, fig. 210. 
 
 Nigrescens, becoming black. 
 
 Differs from the type in its black, shining, strongly concentrically 
 sulcate crust. Beeches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 FOMES 593 
 
 1969. F. igniarius (Linn.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 132. 
 
 Igniarius, belonging to fire. 
 
 P. 10-30 cm., floccosely hoary, then ferruginous, and at length black- 
 ish especially at the base, tuberculoso-globose, immarginate, hoof- 
 shaped, or flattened, rarely resupinate, covered with a very hard, 
 rough, uneven, often rimose cuticle; margin at first whitish, rounded, 
 obtuse. Tubes cinnamon, becoming whitish with deposits of lime with 
 age, 2-8 mm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores hoary, then cinnamon, 
 minute, round. Flesh dark brown, very hard, zoned. Spores hyaline, 
 globose, 5-7 /A, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia dark coloured, sparse, 
 subulate, base ventricose, 25-30 x 7-8/z. Willows, and occasionally 
 on ashes. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. nigricans (Fr.) Lloyd. Fr. Icon. t. 184, fig. 2. 
 
 Nigricans, blackish. 
 
 Differs from the type in the smooth, shining, black crust. Birches, 
 rarely on willows. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. roburneus (Fr.) Lloyd. Robur, oak. 
 
 Differs from the type in the slight, resinous exudation on the crust 
 and the strongly silvery, glancing orifice of the pores. Willows, and oaks. 
 Jan. Dec. Rare. 
 
 1970. F. robustus Karst. (= Polyporus Hartigii Allesch.; Fomes 
 Hartigii (Allesch.) Sacc. & Trav.; Polyporus igniarius Linn. var. 
 Pinuum Bres.) Robustus, firm. 
 
 P. 10-40 cm., fuscous, becoming black with age, hoof -shaped, or sub- 
 hemispherical, sessile, remotely and concentrically sulcate; cuticle 
 concrete, rough, uneven, rigid, very hard, pilose at first, then glabrous, 
 cracked ; orifices of pores silvery white, then concolorous, minute, round. 
 Tubes rhubarb root colour, or pale fulvous, stratose, cylindrical. Flesh 
 concolorous with the tubes, very firm, zoned. Spores white, globose, 
 7-8 //,, with a large central gutta. Setae none. Abies pectinata and 
 oak. Jan. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1971. F. fulvus Fr. Fulvus, tawny. 
 P. 89 cm., tawny, at length becoming hoary, convex above and be- 
 low, adnate by a broad base, triangular in section, even, not con- 
 centrically sulcate, at first hairy, or villose. Tubes cinnamon, short, 
 not distinctly stratose ; orifice of pores at first covered with cinereous 
 yellow pruina, minute, round. Flesh very hard, woody-corky. On 
 decaying trunks, especially poplar. Oct. March. Rare. 
 
 1972. F. salicinus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 185, fig. 1. 
 
 Salicinus, belonging to willows. 
 
 P. 5-30 cm. and more, cinnamon, then hoary, blackish bay at the 
 base, undulated, smooth, pubescent, for the most part resupinate, or 
 
 38
 
 594 FOMES 
 
 in vertical positions incircled above with a narrow, undulated, short, 
 obtuse, spreading margin. Tubes ferruginous cinnamon, short; orifice 
 of pores silvery grey, glistening, minute, round. Flesh ferruginous 
 cinnamon, woody, thin. Spores yellowish tawny, "elliptical, 5 x 3 p. 
 Cystidia abundant, slightly thickened at the base, 12-35 x 6/x" 
 Massee. Willow trunks. Sept. Oct. Common. 
 
 1973. F. conchatus (Pers.) Fr. KoyX 1 )' a mussel-shell. 
 P. 5-8 cm., date brown, effuso-reflexed, the reflexed portion somewhat 
 
 shell-shaped, concentrically sulcate, often imbricate, sometimes wholly 
 resupinate, tomentose; margin acute. Tubes cinnamon, short; orifice 
 of pores ashy pruinose, glistening, minute, round. Flesh light brown, 
 hard, corky. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 5-6 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate. 
 Cystidia abundant, slightly thickened at the base, 15-30 x 7-9 /x. 
 Willows, and beeches. Feb. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1974. F. Ribis (Schum.) Fr. (= Polyporus pectinatus (Klotzsch) 
 Quel.) Ribes, currant. 
 
 P. 525 cm., ferruginous fuscous, bright yellow at the margin, be- 
 coming dark at the base, horizontal, imbricate, flattened, concentrically 
 zoned, velvety, strigose. Tubes cinnamon, 2-4 mm. long, often stra- 
 tose; orifice of pores yellow, then cinnamon, minute, round. Flesh 
 cinnamon, floccose, soft. Spores fuscous, globose, 3-4 x 3 /A, 1-guttu- 
 late. Currants, gooseberries, hawthorns, and spindle. Jan. Dec 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 F. Euonymi (Kalchbr.) Cke. = Fomes Ribis (Schum.) Fr. 
 F. pectinatus (Klotzsch) Fr. = Fomes Ribis (Schum.) Fr. 
 
 1975. F. pomaceus (Pers.) Big. & Guill. Pomum, fruit. 
 P. 3-5 cm., fuscous, becoming cinereous, dimidiate, triquetrous, or 
 
 somewhat hoof-shaped, often subresupinate, delicately silky, or 
 almost smooth. Tubes cinnamon, 4-6 mm. long, stratose ; orifice of 
 pores whitish, then cinnamon, minute, round, pruinose. Flesh light 
 brown, firm, woody. Spores white, globose, 6 x 5-6/n. Cystidia abun- 
 dant, deep mahogany brown, apexhyaline,flask-shaped, 15-20 x 7-8 JLI. 
 Plums, rarely cherries. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. fulvus (Quel.) Rea. Fulvus, tawny. 
 
 Differs from the type in its brighter tawny colour, and more tomentose 
 p. Plums. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1976. F. ferruginosus (Schrad.) Massee. (= Poriaferruginosa (Schrad.) 
 Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 155, as Polyporus ferruginosus. 
 
 Ferruginosus, iron rust colour. 
 
 P. 1-3 cm., bright ferruginous brown, becoming dusky ferruginous, 
 effuso-reflexed, imbricate, often entirely resupinate, subtomentose,
 
 FOMES 595 
 
 rough; margin sterile. Tubes cinnamon, 2-6 mm. long, stratose; orifice 
 of pores ferruginous, round, torn. Flesh pale ferruginous, fibrous, firm. 
 Spores white, subglobose, 3-5 /n. Cystidia deep mahogany brown, 
 apex paler, acutely conical, 30-52 x 6-9 /A. Logs, fallen branches, 
 and posts. Sept. May. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1977. F. resupinatus (Bolt.) Massee. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 165, as 
 Boletus resupinatus Bolt. Resupinatus, supine. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., ferruginous, nodulose, often imperfect, commonly en- 
 tirely resupinate. Tubes ferruginous, 2 5 mm. long; orifice of pores 
 concolorous, minute, round. Flesh concolorous, thin, fibrous. Spores 
 "colourless, elliptical, 4 x 1-5 /x. Cystidia none" Massee. Trunks, 
 and fallen branches. Feb. Uncommon. 
 F. obliquus (Pers.) Fr. = Poria obliqua (Pers.) Quel. 
 
 **Flesh white, pallid, rosy, or violet. 
 
 1978. F. ulmarius (Sow.) Fr. (= Polyporus incanus Quel.) Hussey, 
 lUus. Brit. Myc. t. 64. Ulmus, elm. 
 
 P. 730 cm., white, becoming yellowish and discoloured with age, 
 effused, flattened, incrusted, tubercular, becoming smooth; margin 
 obtuse, sometimes free. Tubes cinnamon, 520 mm. long, stratose ; 
 orifice of pores whitish, becoming yellowish, minute, round. Flesh 
 white, becoming yellowish with age., corky- woody, very hard. Spores 
 white, globose, 6-7 /A, 1-guttulate. At the base of old elms, and elm 
 stumps, rarely higher up. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1979. F. fraxineus (Bull.) Fr. (= Polyporus incanus Quel.; Polyporus 
 cytisinus Berk.) Fraxinus, an ash tree. 
 
 P. 7-25 cm., whitish, becoming rubiginous and fuscous, applanate, 
 dimidiate, sometimes imbricate, glabrous, often coarsely tuberculated ; 
 margin incurved, pubescent at first. Tubes pale cinnamon, 5-25 mm. 
 long, stratose ; orifice of pores white, becoming greyish, minute, round, 
 or oblong. Flesh yellowish, somewhat zoned, soft, becoming hard and 
 woody. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 x 6/i. Smell often strong. 
 Ashes, and laburnums. Jan. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 F. cytisinus (Berk.) Massee = Fomes fraxineus (Bull.) Fr. 
 
 1980. F. annosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 186, fig. 2. Annosus, full of years. 
 P. 7-45 cm., bay brown, becoming blackish, convex, then becoming 
 
 plane, imbricate, sometimes resupinate, rugoso-tubercular, sulcately 
 zoned, silky, then with a rigid, smooth crust; margin at first white, 
 thin. Tubes yellowish, 4-8 mm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores whitish, 
 round, or polygonal, obtuse. Flesh white, or yellowish, soft, becoming 
 hard. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 x 4/z,, 1-guttulate. At the base 
 
 382
 
 596 FOMES 
 
 of conifer trunks, and on felled and worked conifer wood, rarely on 
 frondose trees, and wood. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1981. F. castaneus Fr. Castaneus, chestnut. 
 P. 4-5 cm., chestnut, reniform, or applanate, imbricate, connate at 
 
 the base, 4 mm. thick, smooth, glabrous. Tubes yellowish, short; orifice 
 of pores yellowish, becoming fuscous, minute, round. Flesh white, 
 coriaceous woody. Taste pleasant, bitter. Black poplar. Rare. 
 
 1982. F. carneus Nees. (= Fomes roseus (A. & S.) Fr. sec. Bres.) 
 
 Carneus, flesh colour. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., flesh colour, effuso-reflexed, or dimidiate, imbricate, 
 rarely solitary, rugose, smooth. Tubes pale flesh colour, short, stratose ; 
 orifice of pores concolorous, minute, round. Flesh concolorous, thin, 
 woody, hard. Trunks, stumps, junipers and Picea. Nov. Rare. 
 
 1983. F. roseus (A. & S.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 186, fig. 1, as Polyporus 
 rufopallidus Trog. Roseus, rose-coloured. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., rose colour, then reddish and finally blackish brown, 
 hoof-shaped, triangular, sulcately zoned when old, crust thin, pruinose. 
 Tubes rose colour, short, stratose ; orifice of pores concolorous, minute, 
 round. Flesh rose colour, corky -woody, hard. Spores white, " oblong, 
 10 x 4/n" Lloyd. Caespitose. On worked wood. Sept. Rare. 
 
 1984. F. connatus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 157. Connatus, connate. 
 P. 2-10 cm., white, becoming cinereous or blackish with age, dimidiate, 
 
 densely imbricated, villose. Tubes white, then ochraceous, 1-3 mm. long, 
 stratose; orifice of pores white, glistening, minute, round. Flesh white, 
 becoming ochraceous, hard, woody, sometimes slightly zoned. Spores 
 white, globose, 5-6 /i, with a large central gutta. Cystidia hyaline, 
 capitate, 10/x wide. Poplars, elms, limes, and apple trees. Jan. 
 Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1985. F. populinus Fr. Populus, poplar. 
 P. 1*5-5 cm., white, dimidiate, imbricate, connate at the base, 
 
 villose; margin obtuse. Tubes white, short; orifice of pores white, 
 minute, round. Flesh white, corky-woody, rigid. Spores "globose, 
 hyaline, 3-4/u, diam." Sacc. Black and white poplars and Robinia, 
 July Jan. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 1986. F. variegatns (Seer.) Fr. (= Ganoderma resinaceum Boud. sec. 
 Lloyd.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 368, as Polyporus variegatus. 
 
 Variegatus, variegated. 
 
 P. 7-12 cm., orange, variegated with bay, dimidiate, somewhat flat- 
 tened, imbricate, even, smooth, shining; margin wavy. Tubes yellow- 
 ish, short; orifice of pores yellowish, minute, round, unequal, torn. 
 Flesh pallid, corky-woody. Trunks. Rare.
 
 GANODERMA 597 
 
 Ganoderma (Karst.) Pat. 
 (ydvos, shining; Sep/jui, skin.) 
 
 Pileus corky, stipitate, or sessile, covered with a resinous, laccate 
 crust. Stem lateral, rarely central, or none. Tubes heterogeneous, 
 often stratose. Flesh coloured. Spores coloured, elliptical, ovate 
 oblong, or obovate, truncate at the base, smooth, punctate, verrucose, 
 or echinulate, thick-walled. Cystidia none, or very rare. Annual or 
 perennial. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground. 
 
 *Spores verrucose. 
 
 1987. G. lucidnm (Leyss.) Karst. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 245, as 
 Polyporus lucidus. Lucidus, shining. 
 
 P. 5-28 cm., light yellow, becoming blood-red-chestnut, more or less 
 reniform, sometimes flabelliform, rarely orbicular, or imbricate and 
 sessile, polished, shining, sulcato-rugose. St. 5-18 x 1-5 cm., con- 
 colorous and shining like the p., lateral, rarely central, sometimes 
 wanting, rugose. Tubes white, then cinnamon, adnate, 4-12 mm. long; 
 orifice of pores white, becoming discoloured, minute, round. Flesh 
 whitish, at length reddish, spongy, becoming corky and woody, zoned. 
 Spores brown, minutely verrucose, elliptical, truncate at the base, 
 10-12 x 6-8 n, with a large central gutta. At the base and roots of 
 elms, oaks, hornbeams, and also in peat beds. July April. Common. 
 (**) 
 
 1988. G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat. (= Polyporus applanatus (Pers.) 
 Fr.) Applanatum, flattened. 
 
 P. 10-40 cm., cinnamon, margin white, becoming hoary, and often 
 dusted with the spores, dimidiate, or orbicular, often imbricate, 
 attached by a broad base, flattened, tubercular, obsoletely zoned, pul- 
 verulent, or smooth, covered with a laccate crust. Tubes ferruginous, 
 1-4 cm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores white, becoming fuscous when 
 bruised, minute, round, or angular. Flesh cinnamon, becoming paler, 
 very firm, thick. Spores ferruginous, minutely echinulate, broadly 
 elliptical, truncate at the base, 9-13 x 6-8/n, 1-guttulate. Beeches, 
 oaks, and ashes. July March. Common, (v.v.) 
 var. vegetum (Fr.) Komell. Vegetum, vigorous. 
 
 Differs from the type in the white mycelial layer interposed between 
 each stratum of the tubes. Limes, and elms. Jan. Dec. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. laccatum (Kalchbr.) Rea. (= Polyporus resinosus (Schrad.) 
 Quel.) Lac, a resinous excretion left by the lac insect. 
 
 Differs from the type in the yellow orifice of the pores. Beeches. 
 July Oct. Not uncommon (v.v.)
 
 598 GANODERMA. PORIA 
 
 **Spores smooth. 
 
 1989. G. australe (Fr.) Pat. (= Polyporus australis Fr. ; Polyparus 
 vegetus Fr. sec. Pat.) Australe, southern. 
 
 P. 15-30 cm. and more, deep umber chestnut, or paler, convexo- 
 plane, dimidiate, sessile, incrusted on the surface with a sticky 
 resinous coating, which dries up into tubercular ridges, and becomes 
 laccate and shining; margin sterile. Tubes reddish umber, 2-3 cm. or 
 more long, stratose; orifice of pores white, then fuscous, minute, round. 
 Flesh dark umber chestnut, soft, very thin, 2-4 mm. thick. Smell aro- 
 matic. Spores ochraceous, broadly elliptical, truncate at the base, 
 10-12 x 7-8/x, 1-guttulate. Elms. Aug. May. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1990. G. resinaceum Boud. Resina, resin. 
 P. 15-30 cm., yellow, white at the margin, becoming blood-red-umber- 
 chestnut, and finally concolorous, semicircular, somewhat flattened, 
 sessile, rarely stalked, or imbricate, concentrically sulcate, the primary 
 furrows wide, becoming shallower and more crowded with age, viscid, 
 then varnished, very shining, becoming duller and dusted with the 
 spores; margin at first delicately pruinose and rounded, becoming 
 glabrous and more acute. Tubes fuscous cinnamon, -5-3 cm. long, 
 stratose; orifice of pores white, then fuscous cinnamon, minute, round 
 Flesh pale cinnamon, becoming paler, thick, soft. Spores fuscous, ovate 
 oblong, or obovate, truncate at the base, 10-12 x 6-8/A, eguttulate, 
 or 1-guttulate, epispore thick. Oaks, beeches, and pines. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Poria (Pers.) Fr. 
 (Tropo?, a pore.) 
 
 Pileus membranaceous, coriaceous, or corky, entirely resupinate. 
 Tubes round, or angular, often directly inserted on the mycelium. 
 Spores white, or coloured, elliptical, pruniform, globose, subglobose, 
 obovate, elliptic oblong, or cylindrical; smooth, or punctate. Cystidia 
 present, or absent, hyaline, rarely coloured. Growing on wood, rarely 
 on the ground. 
 
 I. Fleshy, soft; pores minute, equal, round. 
 
 *Pores persistently white, or at length becoming 
 
 yellowish or reddish. 
 
 1991. P. vulgaris Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 60, as Polyporus vulgaris Fr. 
 
 Vulgaris, common. 
 
 P. 1-30 cm., white, sometimes yellowish, broadly effused, consisting 
 almost entirely of the pores, thin, 1 mm. thick, arid, closely adnate, 
 inseparable, minutely tomentose; margin smooth. Pores white, glisten- 
 ing, 1-2 mm. long, very small, round, subequal, sometimes oblique
 
 PORIA 599 
 
 and gaping open. Spores white, "ovoid pruniform, 6/n" Quel., 
 "allantoid, 46 x 1-25 1*5 /i, hymenial hyphae firm, undulate, not 
 fibulate, 2-4 /A broad" Eomell. Dead wood, and branches of frondose 
 trees. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 1992. P. mollusca (Pers.) Fr. Mollusca, soft. 
 P. 1-11 cm., white, sometimes yellowish, effused, thin, soft; margin 
 
 white, byssoid, radiately fibrillose. Pores white, then pale ochraceous, 
 5-1 mm. long, often confined to the centre, or here and there in 
 patches, very small, thin, round, unequal, torn. Spores subglobose, 
 4 x 3-5/i. Stumps, dead wood, and branches of conifers, and on 
 dead leaves. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1993. P. hybrida (B. & Br.) Massee. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 289, and 
 t. 387, fig. 6, as Boletus hybridus Sow. Hybrida, a mongrel. 
 
 P. 1-18 cm., white; mycelium thick, forming a dense membrane or 
 creeping branched strings. Pores white, 24 mm. long, in scattered 
 patches, slender, minute. Spores "colourless, elliptic-oblong, 4 x 2ju," 
 Massee. Oak wood, causing the dry rot of ships. Jan. Dec. Rare. 
 
 1994. P. medulla-panis (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 190, fig. 2, as Polyporus 
 medulla panis (Jacq.). Medulla, pith, crumb; panis, bread. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., white, becoming yellowish, effused, consisting almost 
 entirely of the pores, determinate, subundulate, firm, separable, 
 smooth ; margin naked, distinct. Pores white, 2-4 mm. long, straight, 
 or oblique, medium sized, entire, pruinose. Spores white, elliptical, 
 3-4 x 1-5-2/Lt. Rotten wood, and dead branches of frondose trees, 
 rarely on the ground. Sept. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1995. P. mucida (Pers.) Fr. (= Irpex obliquus (Schrad.) Fr. & sec. 
 Bourd. & Maire.) Mucida, mucid. 
 
 P. 2-15 cm., white, becoming pale, effused, rather thick, up to 12 mm. 
 in depth, subimmersed, soft; margin white, indeterminate, byssoid. 
 Pores white, then pale ochraceous, 1-3 mm. long, medium sized (seated 
 on the crust formed of the mycelium), round, unequal, torn. Spores 
 white, "5-6 x 3-4 p," Karst. Stumps, and dead branches of conifers. 
 Oct. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 1996. P. vitrea (Pers.) Fr. Vitrea, glassy. 
 P. 1-10 cm., whitish, subhy aline, waxy, broadly and unequally 
 
 effused, 2-4 mm. or more thick, subundulate, indeterminate; margin 
 shining white, thin, villose. Mycelium forming a woody stroma, tough 
 and separable. Pores whitish, hyaline, -5-2 mm. long, straight, or 
 oblique, very small, round, obtuse, entire. Spores "globose, ocellate, 
 hyaline, 4/x; or ovoid, 4 x 2-5/x," Bres. Rotten beech trunks, rarely 
 on dead fir wood. Aug. March. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 600 PORIA 
 
 1997. P. gilvescens Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text figs. p. 321. 
 
 Gilvescens, becoming pale yellow. 
 
 P. 67 cm., white, then flesh coloured, at length brownish, effused, 
 bleeding, waxy, fleshy, then slightly coriaceous, contracted and in- 
 rolled when dry (often tubercularly nodular and Ptychogaster-like) ; 
 margin persistently white, tomentose. Pores white, becoming yellowish 
 flesh coloured or reddish, 28 mm. long, angular, orifice pulverulent, 
 often oblique, soft, subfleshy. Spores hyaline, cylindric-curved, 4-5- 
 5 x 1-5-2/x. Basidia clavate, 12-16 x 4/u,. Subhymenial hyphae 
 hyaline, 2-5-3-5/x in diam., thick or thin walled, gelatinous. Hyphae 
 of pore walls yellowish, 3/i in diam., often incrusted with mineral 
 matter. Beech stumps. Oct. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 **Pores yellowish. 
 
 1998. P. nitida (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 160. Nitida, shining. 
 P. 310 cm., whitish, then yellowish orange, effused, thin, subadnate, 
 
 subundulate, determinate; margin villose. Pores white, then yellowish 
 orange, shining, curt, sometimes stratose, minute, round, equal. Spores 
 whitish, tinged yellowish, oblong, 8-9 x 3-5-4/1. Dead wood, and 
 branches of willow, aspen, and chestnut. Nov. May. Rare. 
 
 1999. P. Laestadii Fr. & Berk. C. P. Laestadius. 
 P. 5-20 cm., bright yellow, effused, forming confluent patches, 
 
 2-4 mm. thick, separable, tubercular. Pores bright lemon yellow, very 
 short, sometimes stratose, round, or elongate and curved. Flesh 
 white, very brittle, compact. Spores "5 x 2-5/i" Massee. Underside 
 of deal boards in a hot-house. Aug. Rare. 
 
 2000. P. eupora Karst. (= Poria nitida (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 5, typical; iropo<s, a pore. 
 
 P. 2-15 cm., bright buff, or yellow, effused, adherent, or adnate, thin, 
 somewhat shining; margin white, byssoid, at length free, glabrous. 
 Pores bright buff or yellow, short, minute, round or subangular. Spores 
 hyaline, elliptical, 3-4 x 1-5-2 /LI. "Cystidia hyaline, clavate, 15- 
 105 x 6-15/u-, upper part incrustate and verruculose" Romell. De- 
 corticated logs, and branches. June Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2001. P. cincta Berk. Cincta, girded. 
 P. 3-9 cm., white, turning pallid, or pale ochraceous and more or less 
 
 tawny when dry, forming small, erect, scattered tufts, each surrounded by 
 radiating, strigose fibres, at length confluent, up to 3 mm. thick in the 
 centre of the tufts. Pores pallid ochraceous, darker when dry, 2-4 mm. 
 long, extremely minute, scarcely visible to the naked eye, angular, 
 dissepiments extremely thin, edge ragged. Spores "colourless, sub- 
 globose, 4-5 /A" Massee. Old deal boards. Rare.
 
 PORIA 601 
 
 2002. P. callosa Fr. Callum, hardened skin. 
 P. 2-9 cm., white, broadly effused, 2-4 mm. thick, even, tough, 
 
 entire, separable, like soft leather. Pores white, hyaline, firm, round, 
 equal, quite entire, obtuse. Spores hyaline, "obliquely elliptical, 
 6 x 3-5/1," Massee. Eotten wood, and branches. April May. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2003. P. obducens (Pers.) Fr. Obducens, covering over. 
 P. 2-8 cm., white, effused, incrusting, innate, inseparable, firm. 
 
 Pores pallid tan, 2 mm. long, distinctly stratose, very small, round, 
 equal. Spores hyaline, "elliptical, 4 x 2 /A" Massee, "subglobose, 
 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia with incrusted top, 12-15 x 9-15/A, or 
 when the crust is removed, 4-5-7 fj, broad. Hyphae 3/z broad, not 
 fibulate" Romell. Old stumps, and rotten branches of oak, elm, ash, 
 pear, and maple. July Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ***Pores flesh colour. 
 
 2004. P. placenta Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 188, fig. 3, as Polyporus placenta Fr. 
 
 Placenta, a flat-cake, placenta. 
 
 P. 5-20 cm., rosy flesh colour, widely effused, rather thick, soft, 
 separable; margin white, byssoid, sterile. Pores rosy flesh colour, 
 fuscous when dry, 2-6 mm. long, angular, unequal, irregularly stratose. 
 Smell very pleasant. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x SJJL, minutely 
 punctate. Larch stumps. Aug. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2005. P. rhodella Fr. pooov, a rose 
 P. 5-11 cm., white flesh colour, effused, thin, adnate, soft; margin 
 
 determinate, naked. Pores white flesh colour, short, minute, somewhat 
 round, pruinose, continuous, or in patches. Spores hyaline, "ovoid 
 spherical, 6/u," Quel. Beech, and conifer trunks. Aug. Rare. 
 
 ****Pores red. 
 
 2006. P. tufa (Schrad.) Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 62, as Polyporus haema- 
 todus Rostk. Rufa, red. 
 
 P. 2-8 cm., blood-red-rufous, effused, coriaceous, thin, adnate, even, 
 smooth, determinate; margin byssoid when young. Pores concolorous, 
 very small, thin, acute. Dead branches, and prostrate trunks of 
 beech, broom, and bird cherry. Rare. 
 
 2007. P. fusco-carnea (Pers.) Fr. Fuscus, dusky; carnea, flesh colour. 
 P. 5-15 cm., fuscous purple, effused, thin; margin definite, here and 
 
 there inflexed, thick, tomentose. Pores fawn colour, or vinous brown, 
 1-5-4 mm. long, somewhat round. Rotten wood, and putrid trunks. 
 Rare
 
 602 POEIA 
 
 *****Pores ferruginous. 
 
 2008. P. umbrina Fr. Kostk. Polyp, t. 27, fig. 6, as Polyporus ferrugi- 
 nosus Fr. Umbrina, umber-coloured. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., rufous umber, effused, up to 12 mm. thick, determinate, 
 undulato-tubercular; margin paler, distinct, smooth. Pores concolorous, 
 2-4 mm. long, minute, somewhat round, unequal. Spores hyaline, 
 "ovoid, 6-7 /A" Quel. Trunks, and dead wood. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 II. Flesh thin ; pores unequal, angular, or rather large. 
 *Pores white, or yellowish, and becoming yellowish red or greenish. 
 
 2009. P. radula (Pers.) Fr. Radula, a rasp. 
 P. 28 cm., white, effused, thin, made up of the naked, tomentose 
 
 mycelium, closely compacted, soft, separable, villose beneath. Pores 
 white, then yellowish, -52 mm. long, sometimes oblique, medium sized, 
 angular, toothed, pubescent when young. Spores white, elliptical, 
 5-6 x 3-4/i, 1-guttulate. Dead branches, and bark of willow, oak, 
 aspen, hornbeam, beech, and fir. Aug. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2010. P. vaporaria (Pers.) Fr. Vaporarium, a steam pipe. 
 P. 5-10 cm., white, effused, innate, inseparable, the white floccose 
 
 mycelium creeping into the wood. Pores white, then cream colour, 
 5-1 mm. long, large, angular, toothed, forming a continuous, firm, per- 
 sistent stratum. Spores white, "allantoid, 6 x 1-5-2 /x" Romell. Dead 
 branches, and worked wood of conifers. Jan. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. secernibilis B. & Br. Secernibilis, separable. 
 
 Differs from the type in being separable. Shining white, becoming 
 
 honey colour when dry. Fir leaves under moss. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 2011. P. Eyrei Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 14. 
 
 Rev. W. L. W. Eyre, a former president of the British Myco- 
 
 logical Society. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., yellowish, effused; margin subtomentose, soon similar; 
 subiculum very thin, scarcely visible. Pores concolorous, 1 mm. long, 
 straight, or oblique, oblong, or sinuate, entire. Spores hyaline, 06- 
 ovate, 4-5 x 3-3*5 p,, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 12-15 x 4 /A. Cystidia 
 clavate, or fusoid-ventricose, 15-18 x 4-5/Lt; hyphae septate, often 
 nodular on one side, 2-3/x thick. Oak wood. May. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2012. P. sericeo-mollis Romell. Romell, in Arkiv f. Bot. xi, t. 2, 
 fig. 7, and Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 1912, Bd. 6, H. 3, fig. 4. 
 
 Sericeus, silky; mollis, soft. 
 
 P. 1-4 cm., white, effused, very soft, 1-3 mm. thick, loosely ad- 
 herent; margin often separating and reflexed, incurved when dry.
 
 PORIA 603 
 
 Pores white, at length somewhat cream, or pallid, usually angular, 
 variable in diameter. Spores white, 4-6 x 2-3 /z; basidia 4-spored, 
 20 x 5/z,; hyphae septate, with clamp connections. Rotten coniferous 
 wood. Nov. Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) "Some specimens which 
 seem to belong to this species are partly or totally reduced into a 
 floccose-pulveraceous state of sulphurous or pallid colour, which con- 
 tains abundant subglobose or ellipsoidal, apparently asperulate, 1- 
 guttulate, chlamydospores 5-7-5 x 4-5/z, not unlike those of Ptycho- 
 gaster albus, though more hyaline 1 ." "The conidia are smooth, not 
 asperulate, but have granular contents, which give a rough appear- 
 ance" Wakefield & Pearson. 
 
 2013. P. rancida Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 208, fig. 1. 
 
 Rancida, stinking. 
 
 P. 2-8 cm., white, then pale tan colour, effused, coriaceous; margin 
 subfimbriate, at length separating; subiculum thin, submembrana- 
 ceous. Pores concolorous, 2-4 mm. long, round, oblong, or subangular, 
 entire, or at length torn. Spores hyaline, cylindrical, somewhat 
 curved, 5-7 x 2-5-'75/n; basidia clavate, 15-18 x 4-6 /z; hyphae thin, 
 2-5-4 \L thick. Smell strong, of rancid meal. Larch, and pine bark and 
 needles. Sept. Rare. 
 
 2014. P. hibemiea B. & Br. Hibernica, Irish. 
 P. 2-8 cm., white, broadly effused, orbicular, then confluent, adnate, 
 
 inseparable; margin narrow, thin, tomentose. Pores white, very short, 
 small, angular, dissepiments somewhat rigid, almost entire. Spores 
 white, "elliptical, 5 x 3/z" Massee. Decorticated branches of pine. 
 Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2015. P. Gordoniensis B. & Br. Marchioness of Huntly. 
 P. 2-5 cm., persistently shining white, effused, superficial, membrana- 
 
 ceous, very thin, separable; margin shortly fringed. Pores shining white, 
 becoming faintly yellowish white, minute, unequal, angular, dissepiments 
 very thin, fimbriato-toothed. Pine poles. Feb. Rare. 
 
 2016. P. Vafflantii (DC.) Fr. (= Porothelium Vaillantii (Fr.) Quel.) 
 Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 326. 
 
 Sebastian Vaillant, a French mycologist. 
 
 P. 2-15 cm., white, or slightly rufescent, broadly effused, thin, trans- 
 lucid, the free mycelium resulting in root-like ribs which are somewhat 
 united by a membrane. Pores white, here and there crowded together, 
 curt, rather large, thin, unequal. Spores "hyaline, elliptical, 
 4-6 x 2-3 /z" Karst. Dead wood, and on the ground. April Oct. 
 Rare. 
 
 1 " I am still not fully satisfied that the chlamydosporic specimens really 
 belong here" Romell, S.B.T. p. 643.
 
 604 POBIA 
 
 2017. P. sanguinolenta (A. & S.) Fr. Sanguinoknta, bloody. 
 P. 2-10 cm., whitish, bleeding when touched, nodulose, soon con- 
 fluent, effused, soft; margin flaxy, soon vanishing. Pores white, blood 
 red when touched, 1-3 mm. long, somewhat round, unequal; orifice 
 pubescent, pruinose, at length torn. Spores white, oblong, 46 x 
 1-5-2/x, 2-guttulate. Smell strong. Dead wood, branches, and rails. 
 Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2018. P. bombycina Fr. (= Trametes bombycina (Fr.) Quel.) Sow. 
 Eng. Fung. t. 387, fig. 5, as Boletus terrestris. 
 
 Bombycina, silky. 
 
 P. 2-7 cm., dingy yellowish, effused, silky-membranaceous, adhering 
 laxly; margin spider-web-velvety. Pores whitish cream, then pale 
 ochraceous, somewhat round, becoming angular and flexuose, large. 
 Spores straw colour, "elliptic oblong, 6-7 x 4/x"Massee. Dead wood. 
 Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2019. P. hymenocystis B. & Br. 
 
 vfirfv, a membrane; KIKTTIS, bladder. 
 
 P. 110 cm., snow-white, effused, very thin, arachnoid', margin 
 minutely byssoid, almost indeterminate. Pores white, then pallid, 
 large, scarious dissepiments collapsing. Spores white, rough, subglo- 
 bose, 3 x 2/x,, 1-guttulate. "Hyphae soft, fibulate, 2-3 //, broad" 
 Romell. Dead wood. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2020. P. aneirina (Sommerf.) Fr. (= Trametes aneirina (Sommerf.) 
 Quel.) a, not; elpiveos, woolly. 
 
 P. 1-10 cm., white, effused, orbicular, then confluent, thin, sub- 
 innate; margin byssoid. Pores white, then tawny or fulvous, large, cell- 
 like, waxy, angular, often exactly hexagonal, acute, smooth. Spores 
 "obovate, 5-6 x 3-5-4-5/Li" Bres. Dead branches of poplar, and 
 willow. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2021. P. ramentacea B. & Br. Ramentum, chips. 
 P. 2-3 cm., white, effused, suborbicular ; margin obsolete; subiculum 
 
 white, tomentose, cartilaginous and horny when dry. Pores honey 
 colour, large, -5-- 75 mm. across, subhexagonal, dissepiments thin, 
 slightly rigid, acute. Spores white, "6 x 3fi" Massee. Dead pine 
 branches. Sept. Rare. 
 
 2022. P. viridans Berk. Viridans, becoming green. 
 P. 2-6 cm., white, becoming pallid green when dry, effused, crustaceo- 
 
 adnate, thin; margin pulverulento-tomentose. Pores white, becoming 
 pallid green, minute, angular, dissepiments very thin. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5/u. Rotten wood, and sticks. Sept. Dec. Rare. 
 (v.v.)
 
 PORIA 605 
 
 2023. P. Rennyi B. & Br. 
 
 James Renny, an eminent English mycologist. 
 P. 2-6 cm., white, becoming lemon yellow when dry, at first forming 
 a thick, somewhat frothy, then pulverulent mass. Pores white, then 
 yellowish, 2-3 mm, long, sparingly produced, dissepiments thin. 
 Spores "colourless, elliptical, 3 x 1-5 ju," Massee. Pine stumps, and 
 on the ground. Oct. Nov. Rare. 
 
 **Pores flesh colour. 
 
 2024. P. incarnate (A. & S.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 189, fig. 1, as Polyporus 
 incarnatus Fr. Incarnata, flesh colour. 
 
 P. 2-5-10 cm., flesh colour, effused, corky-coriaceous, persistent, 
 firm, smooth; margin white, silky, often shortly reflexed. Pores flesh 
 colour, long, unequal, round, or angular, generally oblique. Spores 
 "elongate, hyaline, 7x2/7," Bres. in Sacc. "Basidia ovoid, sub- 
 globose. Cystidia colourless, terminating in a small point" Pat. 
 Rotten conifer trunks. June Nov. Rare. 
 
 2025. P. niicans (Ehrenb.) Fr. Micans, sparkling. 
 
 P. 2-8 cm., whitish flesh colour, effused, suborbicular, becoming con- 
 fluent, thin, adnate, soft, fugacious; margin white, byssoid. Pores 
 whitish flesh colour, very shallow, very thin, resembling honeycomb, 
 angular, subcrenate. Spores white, sausage-shaped, 78 x 3jLt. Dead 
 wood, and rotten trunks. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ***Pores violaceous, or purple. 
 
 2026. P. violacea (A. & S.) Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 27, fig. 3, as Boletus 
 purpureus Fr. Violacea, violet colour. 
 
 P. 2-10 cm., violaceous, effused, determinate, waxy gelatinous, thin, 
 closely adnate, even, smooth, destitute of a distinct subiculum. Pores 
 violaceous, translucid, very shallow, cellular, or veined, quite entire. 
 Spores tinged yellowish, punctate, elliptical, 7 x 4-4-5ju. Fir stumps, 
 trunks and poles. Aug. May. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2027. P. purpurea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 189, fig. 2, as Polyporus rhodellus 
 Fr. Purpurea, purple. 
 
 P. 10-30 cm., purple lilac, very broadly and widely effused, the 
 mucedinous, flocculose, white mycelium creeping over the surface of 
 rotten wood ; margin white, silky. Pores purple lilac, 1-2 mm. long, 
 minute, unequal, round, or angular, interruptedly scattered, or con- 
 glomerate. Spores "ellipsoid-oblong, cylindric, curved, 6-7 x 2/u." 
 Sacc. Decayed trunks and stumps of beech, willow, oak, and alder. 
 Oct Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 606 PORIA 
 
 III. Effused, dry, tough; pores rather large, rigid, roundish, angular. 
 *Pores whitish, or greyish brown. 
 
 2028. P. corticola Fr. Cortex, bark; colo, I inhabit. 
 P. 2-8 cm., white, becoming pale, widely effused, equal, firm, 
 
 smooth; mycelium forming a bare, xylostramatoid layer. Pores whitish, 
 very minute, superficial, often obsolete, punctiform. Bark of poplar, 
 beech, willow, oak, birch, and fir. Rare. 
 P. sinuosa Fr. = Trametes sinuosa (Fr.) Quel. 
 
 2029. P. subfusco-flavida (Eostk.) Massee. Rostk. Polyp, t. 27, fig. 11, 
 as Polyporus subfusco-fiavidus Rostk. 
 
 Subfuscus, somewhat dusky ; fiavida, yellowish. 
 P. 630 cm., white, then light yellow fuscous, broadly effused, be- 
 coming confluent, thin, coriaceous, arid, adnate; margin white, byssoid, 
 determinate, thin. Pores greyish brown, or whitish, minute, irregular. 
 Dead oak wood, and planks. Rare. 
 
 **Pores brown, or cinnamon. 
 
 2030. P. obliqua (Pers.) Quel. (= Fomes obliquus (Pers.) Fr.) Fr. 
 Icon. 1. 188, fig. 1, as Polyporus obliquus Fr. Obliqua, slanting. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., pallid, then date brown, becoming blackish, widely 
 spreading, throwing off the bark, very thin, coriaceous corky ; margin 
 often refiexed, wrinkled, and laciniate. Pores brown, 2-5 mm. long, 
 extending to the wood, pervious to the base, often oblique; orifice of 
 the pores grey, glistening, very small, obtuse, subpentagonal, some- 
 times obscurely stratose. Spores white, globose, 4-5/z. Trunks, and 
 dead branches, under the bark, especially beech. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 P. ferruginosa (Schrad.) Fr. = Fomes ferruginosus (Schrad.) Massee. 
 P. resupinata (Bolt.) W. G-. Sm. = Fomes resupinatus (Bolt.) Massee. 
 
 2031. P. contigua (Pers.) Fr. Contigua, touching together. 
 P. 6-8 cm., cinnamon, becoming dingy, effused, firm, 12 mm. thick, 
 
 smooth, submarginate; margin at first villose; mycelium ochraceous. 
 Pores cinnamon, rather large, round, equal, obtuse, entire. Spores 
 "cylindrical, hyaline, often 1-guttulate, 5-7 x 3-3-5/n" Sacc. Rotten 
 wood, and sticks. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 2032. P. laevigata Fr. Laevigata, made smooth. 
 P. 2-6 cm., cinnamon, broadly effused, coriaceous rigid, determinate, 
 
 not marginate, separating when old, smooth, very glabrous, with a rigid 
 cuticle underneath, 1-2 mm. thick. Pores cinnamon, very minute, 
 round, entire. Spores white, "3-5 x 3-4 p. Cystidia like those in Fomes 
 igniarius " Romell. Fallen birch branches. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 PORIA 607 
 
 IV. Unequally effused, membranaceous, thin, mostly incrusting; 
 pores rather large, very short, often vein-like. 
 
 2033. P. reticulate (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 190, fig. 3, as Polyporus 
 reticulatus Fr. Reticulata, netted. 
 
 P. 2-10 cm., snow white, becoming pallid, orbicular, thin, fugacious ; 
 margin byssoid, radiating. Pores white, then yellowish, distant, cup- 
 shaped. Spores "allantoid, 7-9 x 2-3 /u~ Hyphae fragile, not fibulate, 
 4 5/u, broad" Romell. Rotten wood. Jan. Dec. Uncommon. 
 
 2034. P. farinella Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text figs. p. 321. 
 
 Farinella, mealy. 
 
 P. 1-11 cm., snow white, widely effused, very thin, fugacious when 
 touched; mycelium naked, flocculoso-pulverulent, not interwoven. 
 Pores white, thin, shallow, continuous, unequal, hexagonal, sub- 
 flexuose, intricate. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 6-7 x 3-3-5/u,, 
 1-2-guttulate, "cylindrical, curved, 8-9 x 2-2 -5 p. Hyphae rather 
 straight, 4-5 /x in diam., no clamp connections" Wakef. & Pears. 
 Dead wood, and logs of beech, lime, and fir. July April. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2035. P. collabefacta B. & Br. Collabefacta, brought to ruin. 
 P. 2-8 cm., white, forming Corticium-li^e patches, quite smooth; 
 
 margin obtuse. Pores white, arising from the mere collapsing of the 
 substance, shallow, obtuse. Spores "colourless, elliptic-oblong, 4 x 
 1-5 /*" Massee. Dead wood. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2036. P. blepharistoma B. & Br. @\e<J>api<;, eyelash; a-rofia, mouth. 
 P. 1-5 cm., snow white, very thin; mycelium arachnoid, somewhat 
 
 mealy. Pores white, small, dissepiments thin; orifice of pores ciliato- 
 dentate. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/A. Dead wood, and fallen 
 branches. April Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2037. P. subgelatinosa B. & Br. Subgelatinosa, somewhat gelatinous. 
 P. 4 cm., pallid, becoming black, subgelatinous, orbicular, forming 
 
 little pulvinate patches, tomentose at first; margin raised, obtuse. 
 Pores delicate grey, very shallow, angular, acute, entire. Spores 
 "colourless, broadly elliptical, 4 x 2-5-3 p" Massee. Parasitic on 
 Poly par us amorphus. Rare. 
 
 2038. P. terrestris (DC.) Fr. Terrestris, pertaining to the land. 
 P. 2-10 cm., white, effused, very thin, spider-web-flaxy, rather 
 
 tender, fugacious. Pores white, then rufescent, central, extremely 
 small, very shallow, round, or angular, becoming torn. Spores white, 
 subglobose, 4-5 x 4/a, 1-guttulate. Naked soil, and rotten wood. 
 May Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 608 POBIA. POLYSTICTUS 
 
 2039. P. bathypora (Kostk.) Massee. Kostk. Polyp, iv, t. 59, as 
 Polyporus bathyporus Rostk. ftadvs, deep; TTO/DO?, a pore. 
 
 P. 7-8 cm., white, effused; margin thin, byssoid. Pores white, be- 
 coming brownish, rather large, cup-shaped, toothed, sometimes stra- 
 tose. Dead oak, and beech branches. Rare. 
 
 2. POLYSTICTACEAE. 
 
 Hymenium lining tubes, or covering gills, or teeth, homogeneous 
 with the substance of the pileus, not forming a distinct layer, sterile 
 on the edge. 
 
 Polystictus Fr. 
 (7roi\vo'TiKTo<;, with many punctures.) 
 
 Pileus coriaceous, membranaceous, or somewhat spongy, dimidiate, 
 sessile, surface often zoned. Tubes homogeneous, developing from 
 the centre outwards. Spores white, elliptical, pruniform, oblong, or 
 oblong-elliptical; smooth, or punctate. Cystidia sparse, or none. 
 Annual. Growing on wood, often imbricate. 
 
 2040. P. hirsutus (Wulf.) Fr. Hirsutus, hairy. 
 P. 38 cm., whitish, often brownish or tawny at the margin, some- 
 times becoming blackish with age, dimidiate, convexo-plane, often im- 
 bricate, shaggy with rigid hairs, furrowed with concentric and con- 
 colorous zones. Tubes whitish, short; orifice of pores whitish, becoming 
 brownish or yellow, round, or angular, obtuse. Flesh whitish, thin, 
 very coriaceous, soft. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 6-7 x 2-5-3/x. 
 Trunks, and stumps. June March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2041. P. velutinus Fr. Velutinus, velvety. 
 P. 25 cm., white, becoming yellowish or greyish, dimidiate, plane 
 
 on both sides, minutely velvety, or pubescent, with obscure, slightly 
 darker zones; margin thin, acute. Tubes white, or yellowish, very short; 
 orifice of pores concolorous, round, minute. Flesh whitish, thin, corky 
 coriaceous, then rigid. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 6-8 x 2-2-5/i. 
 Birch, beech, and willow trunks, and stumps. Sept. Dec. Uncom- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 2042. P. zonatus Fr. tyvr), a belt. 
 P. 3-8 cm., pale tan colour, margin becoming whitish, dimidiate, 
 
 convex, tuberculose and gibbous behind, villose, or pruinose, opaque, 
 somewhat zoned with ochraceous and grey bands. Tubes whitish, short ; 
 orifice of pores whitish, becoming ochraceous bistre, small, round, or 
 angular, obtuse. Flesh whitish, corky, rather thick. Spores white, 
 elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/t. Elms, birches, and poplar trunks, and stumps. 
 June Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 POLYSTICTTJS 609 
 
 2043. P. versicolor (Linn.) Fr. Hussey, lUus. Brit. Myc, i, t. 24. 
 
 Versicolor, of various colours. 
 
 P. 2-8 cm., variously coloured, dimidiate, orbicular, often imbricate, 
 depressed behind, becoming plane, velvety, or pubescent, marked with 
 concentric, smooth, shining, satiny zones of various colours. Tubes white, 
 very short; orifice of pores whitish, becoming yellowish, small, round, 
 becoming torn and irregular. Flesh whitish, thin, coriaceous. Spores 
 white, oblong, 6-9 x 3/A. Trunks, stumps, twigs, pales, and branches. 
 Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. fuscatus Fr. Fuscatus, dusky. 
 
 Differs from the type in the fuscous, zoneless or obscurely zoned p. 
 and the torn yellow pores. Twigs, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. nigricans Lasch. Nigricans, becoming black. 
 
 Differs from the type in the greyish black p. with black zones, and the 
 smoke grey pores. Stumps, and branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2044. P. stereoides Fr. (= Trametes mollis (Sommerf.) Fr. sec. Bres.) 
 Fr. Icon. t. 187, fig. 3, as Polyporus stereoides Fr. 
 
 Stereum, the genus Stereum; etSo?, like. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., greyish fuscous, becoming black, effuso-reflexed, reni- 
 f orm, imbricate, pubescent, then glabrous, with concolorous, depressed, 
 narrow zones, scarcely 1 mm. thick. Tubes white, short; orifice of pores 
 white, medium sized, obtuse, deformed, and daedalioid. Flesh yellowish, 
 thin, rigid, coriaceous. Spores white, "elliptical, 9/u," Quel., "oblong, 
 9-12 x 3-5-4 /A" Romell. Trunks, and stumps of Abies and deciduous 
 trees. Aug. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2045. P. fibula Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 387, fig. 8. Fibula, a buckle. 
 P. 1-3 cm., whitish, or greyish, becoming yellowish, reniform, or 
 
 orbicular, adnate behind, or affixed by the centre, velvety hairy, often 
 radiato-rugose ; margin entire, acute. Tubes white, very short; orifice 
 of pores whitish, becoming yellowish, small, round, absent at the 
 margin. Flesh whitish, soft, tough, coriaceous. Spores "ovate, in- 
 ternally granular, externally punctato-roughened, hyaline, 810 x 
 5-6 \L or 7-9 x 2-3 /A, cylindrical, curved, rarely straight" Bres. Elm 
 stumps, oak branches, and worked wood. Oct. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2046. P. gossypinus (Lev.) Massee. (= Daedalea gossypina (Lev.) 
 Quel.) Gossypium, the cotton plant. 
 
 P. 3-10 cm., white, effuso-reflexed, becoming plane, tomentose. Tubes 
 white, 2-4 mm. long; orifice of pores greyish, labyrinthiform, then 
 angular, rather large, denticulate. Flesh white, thin, coriaceous. Spores 
 
 39
 
 610 POLYSTICTUS. IRPEX 
 
 white, "pruniform, 6(4, punctate" Quel. Trunks, fallen branches, and 
 furze stems. Jan. Rare. 
 
 2047. P. ravidus Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 367, as Boletus heteroclitus. 
 
 Ravidus, greyish. 
 
 P. 10-13 cm., becoming dirty yellow, applanate, effused at the base, 
 imbricate, with rugoso-villose, zone-like markings near the margin. 
 Tubes whitish, short; orifice of pores becoming yellowish, unequal, torn. 
 Flesh white, corky coriaceous, tough. "Spores hyaline, yellow in the 
 mass, cylindrical, slightly curved, 6-8 x 3/x" Sacc. Old willow 
 stumps. Rare. 
 
 2048. P. abietinus (Dicks.) Fr. (= Irpex violaceus (Pers.) Quel.) Grev. 
 Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 226, as Polyporus abietinus. Abies, fir. 
 
 P. 2-5-8 cm., cinereous white, effuso-reflexed, dimidiate, sometimes 
 resupinate, imbricate, villose, obsoletely zoned. Tubes violaceous, be- 
 coming pale, -5-1 mm. long; orifice of pores concolorous, unequal, torn. 
 Flesh tinged brownish or purplish, thin, coriaceous. Spores white, 
 oblong, 3-4 x 2-2-5/A, curved, 2-3-guttulate. Trunks, and fallen 
 branches of conifers, rarely on beeches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 Irpex Fr. 
 (Irpex, a harrow.) 
 
 Pileus corky coriaceous, or membranaceous, dimidiate, or resupi- 
 nate, sessile. Tubes homogeneous, alveolar at first, then becoming 
 torn into teeth, or plates. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores white, 
 elliptical, oval, globose, cylindrical, or elliptic-oblong ; smooth, or 
 punctate. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, rarely on 
 the ground. 
 
 I. Pendulous with the p. extended behind. 
 
 2049. I. pendulus (A. & S.) Fr. Pendulus, hanging down. 
 P. 2-5-4 cm., pale yellow, margin white, effused, more or less 
 
 circular, extended behind, pendulous, free above, plicate, adpressedly 
 squamuloso-pilose, or slightly rugulose. Teeth shining white, 2 mm. 
 long, in irregular rows, large, incised. Flesh concolorous, membra- 
 naceous, elastic, very thin. Spores white, "3-5 x 1-5-2 /n" Karst. 
 Pine, and larch sticks. Rare. 
 
 II. Sessile, or effuso-reflexed, marginate. 
 
 2050. I. fusco violaceus Fr. (= Irpex violaceus (Pers.) Quel. ; Poly- 
 stictus abietinus (Dicks.) Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Fuscus, dark; violaceus, violet. 
 
 P. 5-8 cm., white, becoming greyish, or hoary, dimidiate, effuso- 
 reflexed, often imbricate and confluent, zoned, silky. Teeth fuscous
 
 IRPEX 611 
 
 violaceous, in rows in the form of plates, incised at the apex. Flesh 
 white, corky coriaceous, firm. Spores white, "elliptical, cylindrical, 
 curved, 9-10/A 5 ' Quel., "3-5 x Ijti," Karst. Coniferous trunks, and 
 branches, rarely beech. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2051. I. lacteus Fr. Lacteus, milk white. 
 P. 3-5 cm., white, effused, shortly reflexed, or dimidiate, some- 
 times imbricate, villose, concentrically sulcate ; margin byssoid. Teeth 
 milk white, subulate, or compressed, toothed, thin. Flesh white, 
 coriaceous, thin. Spores white, "ovoid, globose, punctate, 5jii" Quel., 
 "4-5 x 2-3 /z" Karst. Birch, fir, pine, beech, and mountain ash. 
 Oct. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 III. Resupinate. 
 
 2052. I. hypogaeus Fuck. vTroyaios, under the earth. 
 R. 10-11 cm., white, then pale yellowish, or dark brown, widely 
 
 effused ; margin determinate. Teeth concolorous, 2-7 mm. long, irre- 
 gular, sublabyrinthiform, lax, variable in size, straight, incised, base 
 usually compressed, thin. Flesh white, or yellowish, byssoid. In- 
 crusting pine leaves, twigs, grass, earth, pebbles. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2053. I. Johnstonii Berk. Dr George Johnston. 
 R. 2-5-5 cm., white, resupinate, effused, separable; margin reflexed, 
 
 naked. Teeth white, arranged in rows, 2-3 mm. long, compressed, un- 
 equal, crowded. Flesh white, coriaceo-membranaceous. Dead beech. 
 Rare. 
 
 2054. I. Candidas (Ehrenb.) Fr. Candidus, shining white. 
 R. 3-5 cm., snow white, broadly effused, separable, thin, arachnoid; 
 
 margin byssoid. Teeth snow white, subulate, or compressed, toothed, 
 thin. Flesh white, membranaceous, floccose. Dead pine wood. Feb. 
 Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2055. I. spathulatus (Schrad.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 194, fig. 3. 
 
 cnraQii, a broad blade. 
 
 R. 510 cm., shining white, becoming yellowish when dry, effused, 
 adnate, inseparable ; margin byssoid. Teeth white, becoming yellowish, 
 36 mm. long, spathulate, compressed, equal, entire, reticulato-con- 
 nected with obsolete veins. Flesh white, membranaceous, thin. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-3/u,. Dead coniferous branches. Oct. 
 Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2056. I. obliquus (Schrad.) Fr. Obliguus, slanting. 
 R. 5-20 cm., white, then yellowish, or wood colour, broadly effused, 
 
 adnate; margin byssoid. Teeth concolorous, 2-6 mm. long, at first very 
 pore-like, then becoming compressed, incised, or torn, oblique, lamellar 
 at the base. Flesh whitish, crustaceous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 
 
 392
 
 612 IRPEX. LENZITES 
 
 4-5 x 3-3-5/x, 1-guttulate. Stumps, dead branches, and leaves. Jan. 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2057. I. deformis Fr. Deformis, misshapen. 
 R. 5-15 cm., whitish, effused, adnate; margin byssoid, pubescent. 
 
 Teeth concolorous, 2-4 mm. long, subulate, arising from a minutely 
 porous base, somewhat digitato-incised, and often torn into shreds 
 almost to the base. Flesh concolorous, crustaceous, thin. Spores white, 
 "ovoid, punctate, 10/i" Quel. Oak branches, and cherry. Sept. 
 Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2058. I. carneus Fr. (= Phlebia merismoides Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Carneus, flesh colour. 
 
 R. 2-5-7-5 cm., reddish, effused, adnate. Teeth concolorous, subu- 
 late, obtuse, entire, united at the base. Flesh cartilaginous, gela- 
 tinous, thin. Wood, and bark. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 Fr. 
 
 (Harold Othmar Lenz, a German botanist.) 
 
 Pileus corky, or coriaceous, dimidiate, or resupinate, sessile. Gills 
 coriaceous, often anastomosing at the base, homogeneous with the sub- 
 stance of the pileus, and not forming a distinct layer. Flesh white, 
 or coloured. Spores white, elliptical, subglobose, cylindrical, or oblong- 
 elliptical, smooth. Cystidia sparse, or none. Growing on wood ; often 
 imbricate. 
 
 *Growing on wood of deciduous trees. 
 
 2059. L. betulina (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1100, t. 1145, fig. A. 
 
 Betulina, of the birch. 
 
 P. 2-5-10 cm., whitish grey, becoming pale, corky coriaceous, firm, 
 rigid, dimidiate, sessile, becoming plane, sometimes resupinate, tomen- 
 tose, commonly obsoletely zoned, zones sometimes darker. Gills dingy 
 white, reaching the base, straight, simple, or branched, often anasto- 
 mosing, edge acute. Flesh white, floccose. Spores white, "globose or 
 elliptic-spheric, 5-6/u" Karst. On stumps, trunks, posts, and rails, 
 especially birch. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2060. L. flaccida (Bull.) Fr. Flaccida, flabby. 
 P. 10-^30 cm., whitish, then dingy, with quite concolorous zones, 
 
 coriaceous, thin, scarcely 2 mm. thick, unequal, dimidiate, sessile, 
 easily bent, strigosely hairy. Gills shining white, becoming pale, thick, 
 firm, straight, very broad, simple, or branched at the base, with 
 shorter ones intermixed. Spores "white, 12/u," Quel. On beech stumps. 
 Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 LENZITES. TRAMETES 613 
 
 var. variegata (Fr.) Cost. & Dufour. Variegata, with diverse colours. 
 
 Differs from the type in the silky, velvety zones and white flesh. On 
 
 fallen logs of beech and birch. Sept. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 L. cinerea (Fr.) Quel. = Daedalea cinerea Fr. 
 
 L. quercina (Linn.) Quel. = Daedalea quercina (Linn.) Fr. 
 
 **Growing on coniferous wood. 
 
 2061. L. saepiaria (Wulf.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1101, t. 1146, fig. A. 
 
 Saepes, a fence. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., yellow tawny, then date brown with a yellow tawny 
 margin, becoming black when old, dimidiate, lateral, corky coriaceous, 
 hard, convex, becoming plane, sometimes orbicular, more frequently 
 extended longitudinally, sometimes resupinate, zoned, strigosely to- 
 mentose, at length squamulose and pitted. Gills yellowish, becoming 
 umber, extended to the base, very rigid, firm, branched, more or less 
 anastomosing, 2-4 mm. broad, edge entire, or slightly toothed. Flesh 
 tawny. Spores white, cylindrical, curved, 10 x 3-4/z. Coniferous 
 stumps, branches, and worked wood. Jan. Dec. Notuncommon. (v.v.) 
 
 2062. L. abietina (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1101, t. 1146, fig. B. 
 
 Abies, a fir tree. 
 
 P. umber-tomentose, then becoming smooth, effuso-reflexed, often 
 lengthened out to 30 x 1 cm., sometimes resupinate, hoary, coria- 
 ceous, thin, and comparatively soft. Gills yellowish red, becoming 
 glaucous with dense pruina, decurrent in the effused base, distant, 
 simple, unequal, here and there torn into teeth. Flesh concolorous, 
 very thin. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 10 x 4/A, apiculate at the 
 one end. Dressed fir wood. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2063. L. heteromorpha Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 177, fig. 3. 
 
 erep6fjiop<f)o<f, of different shape. 
 
 P. 2-3 cm., whitish, becoming pale, and finally yellowish when old, 
 effuso-reflexed, imbricate, connate, corky soft, then hard, nodular, 
 often pectinately incised at the margin, always gibbose, almost gla- 
 brous with adpressed tufts of hairs, coarsely rugose. Gills white, very 
 firm, thick, very broad, triquetrous, somewhat crowded, somewhat 
 branched, incised, or forming pores, sometimes falling short of the 
 margin. Spores white, "subglobose, 3-5 /u," Karst. Flesh white. On 
 fir stumps. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 Trametes Fr. 
 
 (Trama, the woof.) 
 
 Pileus woody, or corky, dimidiate, or resupinate, sessile. Tubes 
 homogeneous with the substance of the pileus, and not forming a
 
 614 TRAMETES 
 
 distinct layer, regular, round, or oblong. Flesh white, or coloured. 
 Spores white, rarely yellowish, elliptical, ovoid, globose, subglobose, 
 cylindrical, or oblong, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent, hyaline, 
 or coloured. Annual, or perennial. Growing on wood, very rarely on 
 the ground; sometimes imbricate. 
 
 I. Dimidiate, sessile. 
 *Flesh whitish. 
 
 2064. T. Trogii Berk. (= Trametes hispida (Bagl.) Quel.) 
 
 J. G. Trog, the Swiss mycologist. 
 
 P. 510 cm., fuscous, somewhat olivaceous, dimidiate, convex, soli- 
 tary, or imbricate, somewhat zoned, zones at first very indistinct, then 
 becoming evident, concolorous, clothed with rigid, fasciculate, 6 mm. long, 
 hairs; margin acute. Pores cream colour, then coffee and milk colour, 
 unequal, subangular, toothed. Flesh pale tan or wood colour. Spores 
 "white, elliptic-cylindric, 12-13 p, guttulate" Quel. Dead poplar 
 trunks. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2065. T. gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 162. Gibbosa, humped. 
 P. 10-20 cm., whitish, becoming greyish, dimidiate, flattened, ex- 
 tended behind, gibbose, villose, obsoletely zoned ; margin often brown- 
 ish, obtuse. Pores whitish, 2-8 mm. long, linear, straight, equal. 
 Flesh whitish, corky, compact, thick, very firm. Spores white, oblong, 
 sometimes curved, 5-7 x 2-5-3^. On stumps, and posts of beech, 
 and poplar, more rarely on oak, and willow. Aug. March. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2066. T. rubescens (A. & S.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 16. 
 
 Rubescens, turning red. 
 
 P. 5-12 cm., whitish, becoming red, dimidiate, flattened, at first 
 white pruinose, at length zoned; margin thin. Pores white, becoming 
 crimson lake, or blood red when touched, pruinose, 1-3 mm. long, round- 
 ish, then elongate and daedaliform, narrow, obtuse. Flesh white, be- 
 coming crimson lake, or blood red when broken, corky, soft, zoned. 
 Spores white, oblong, curved, 10 x 2/Lt, 3-guttulate. On willow, and 
 alder trunks. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2067. T. Bulliardii Fr. (= Trametes rubescens (A. & S.) Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 310, as Boletus suaveolens. 
 
 Pierre Bulliard, the eminent French mycologist. 
 P. 5-14 cm., whitish, becoming fuscous, dimidiate, flattened, often 
 gibbose at the base, at length zoned, even, smooth; margin thin, sub- 
 acute. Pores pallid, then rufescent, 3-10 mm. long, somewhat round, 
 or linear, unequal. Flesh yellowish, at length becoming fuscous, corky, 
 thick Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/z, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant. 
 On willow, and alder trunks. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 TRAMETES 615 
 
 2068. T. suaveolens (Linn.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 163. 
 
 Suaveolens, sweet smelling. 
 
 P. 4-15 cm., whitish, dimidiate, pulvinate, triquetrous, villose; 
 margin becoming yellowish, thin. Pores white, becoming yellowish, or 
 fuscous, 3-12 mm. long, round, rather large, obtuse. Flesh white, soft, 
 corky, thick. Spores white, oblong, often incurved, 10-12 x 3-4/x. 
 Smell strong, of anise. Trunks of willow, rarely lime. Sept. Feb. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2069. T. odora (Sommerf.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 162, as Polyporus 
 odorus. Odora, fragrant. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., pallid, dimidiate, gibbose, uneven, villose, becoming 
 smooth ; margin yellow, thin. Pores whitish, then ochraceous, 4-8 mm. 
 long, minute, round, often becoming toothed, equal. Flesh white, 
 corky, elastic, thick. Spores "yellowish, ovoid, 7-8 /z,, 1-guttulate" 
 Quel., "hyaline, oval, 5-6 x 3/i" Karst. Smell strong, of anise. 
 Willow, and ash trunks. Jan. Bare. 
 
 2070. T. inodora Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 191, fig. 1. Inodora, without smell. 
 P. 3-8 cm., white, or yellowish, dimidiate, triquetrous, sometimes 
 
 imbricate, minutely tomentose, often obsoletely zoned, becoming 
 smooth; margin thin, acute. Pores white, unchangeable, 2-6 mm. long, 
 small, round, or oblong, pubescent. Flesh white, corky, firm. Spores 
 white, globose, 5-6/z, 1-guttulate. Beech, and oak stumps. Sept. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Flesh ferruginous. 
 
 2071. T. Pini (Brot.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 161. Pinus, pine. 
 P. 5-10 cm., ferruginous fuscous, then blackish, dimidiate, pulvinate, 
 
 concentrically sulcate, rimoso-rugged, rough, becoming incrusted with 
 age; margin bright yellowish at first, and tomentose. Pores yellow- 
 brick-red, 6-15 mm. long, large, somewhat round, or oblong; orifice 
 at first pubescent. Flesh tawny ferruginous, corky woody, very hard. 
 Spores pale yellowish, oval, or subglobose, 4-6 x 4-5 /u,, with a large 
 central gutta. Cystidia dark brown, conical, pointed, 30-40 x 8-9 p,. 
 Smell slightly pleasant. Pine trunks. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.") 
 
 2072. T. odorata (Wulf.) Fr. Odorata, scented. 
 P. 7-5-13 cm. long, 5-8 cm. broad, blackish umber, edge tawny cinna- 
 mon, dimidiate, downy, then vaguely concentrically zoned, rugulose, 
 tomentose, sometimes attenuated behind. Pores tawny cinnamon, 
 subrotund, oblong, more or less decurrent, uneven. Flesh fulvous, 
 somewhat corky. Spores "tawny, elliptical" Quel. Smell strong, 
 pleasant, like hay, or spicy. On decaying coniferous wood. Jan. 
 Eare.
 
 616 TRAMETES 
 
 ***Flesh red. 
 
 2073. T. cinnabarina (Jacq.) Fr. (= Phellinus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) 
 Quel.) Trans.Brit.Myc.Soc.iv,t.9. tcivvafiapi, dragon's blood. 
 
 P. 5-9 cm., bright reddish orange, becoming darker, dimidiate, 
 slightly pubescent, then glabrous, rugulose, indistinctly zoned towards 
 the margin. Pores deep blood red, 1-3 mm. long; orifice vermilion, 
 minute, round, pubescent. Flesh red, corky, pliant, thick. Spores 
 white, oblong, curved, 6 x 2/u,. Birch, and beech trunks. July Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 II. Eesupinate. 
 
 2074. T. sinuosa (Fr.) Quel. (= Polyporus sinuosus Fr.) Trans. Brit. 
 Myc. Soc. iv, t. 10. Sinuosa, full of curves. 
 
 R. 3-6 cm. and more, pure white, becoming yellowish, resupinate, 
 broadly effused , furnished with long, white, string-like, mycelial rhizoids 
 on the underside. Pores white, then yellowish, 2-3 mm. long ; orifice 
 large, flexuose, irregularly torn, often daedaliform or sistotremiform, 
 pruinose. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/x, with a large central 
 gutta. Smell very pleasant, "like liquorice" Fries, "of balsam" 
 Quel. Ivy trailing on the ground, and conifer stumps, and branches. 
 Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2075. T. mollis (Sommerf.) Fr. (= Polystictus stereoides Fr. sec. 
 Bres.) Mollis, soft. 
 
 E. 2-10 cm., pallid wood colour, at length becoming fuscous, or black, 
 reaupinate, broadly effused, determinate, adnate behind in the centre, 
 separable, submembranaceous ; margin umber, at length revolute, 
 pubescent beneath. Pores whitish cream, becoming greyish, large, 
 shallow, angular, or round, often irregular, unequal, torn. Flesh 
 white, soft, then coriaceous. Spores white, cylindrical, slightly curved, 
 8-11 x 3-4 /A. Dead beech wood, and branches. Jan. Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2076. T. serpens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 192, fig. 3. Serpens, creeping. 
 R. 10-30 cm., white, then pale ochraceous, resupinate, closely adnate, 
 
 inseparable, arid, pruinose, at first erumpent in the form of a tubercle, 
 orbicular, then confluent; margin determinate, pubescent. Pores 
 white, then cream fuliginous, rather large, very shallow, round, or 
 angular, then labyrinthiform, unequal, obtuse. Flesh white, corky, 
 coriaceous. Spores "white, elliptical, 14 x 6/u," Rabenh. Oak, beech, 
 hornbeam, and privet logs. Aug. Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2077. T. Terryi B. & Br. Michael Terrey. 
 R. 7-8 cm., whitish, resupinate, broad, suborbicular, pulvinate ; 
 
 margin determinate, undulate. Pores pallid, angular, here and there 
 sinuate, rather large, shallow. Flesh white, corky, firm. Beech. Rare.
 
 TBAMETES. DAEDALEA 617 
 
 2078. T. purpurascens B. & Br. Purpurascens, becoming purple. 
 R. 2 cm., chestnut, resupinate, subcoriaceous, subtomentose. Pores 
 
 becoming purple, rigid, small. Dead willow. Rare. 
 
 T. bombycina (Fr.) Quel. = Poria bombycina Fr. 
 
 T. aneirina (Sommerf.) Quel. = Poria aneirina (Sommerf.) Fr. 
 
 Daedalea (Pers.) Fr. 
 (SatSaXo?, curiously wrought.) 
 
 Pileus spongy, cork, coriaceous, or woody, dimidiate, or resupinate, 
 stipitate, or sessile. Stem central, lateral, or none. Tubes homo- 
 geneous with the substance of the pileus, and not forming a distinct 
 layer, irregularly sinuous, and more or less labyrinihiform, often be- 
 coming torn, or toothed. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores white, oval, 
 pip-shaped,' subglobose, elliptic-oblong, or sausage-shaped, smooth, 
 or punctate. Cystidia present, or absent. Annual, or perennial. 
 Growing on wood, very rarely on the ground; sometimes imbricate. 
 
 I. Dimidiate, sessile, or substipitate. 
 
 2079. D. biennis (Bull.) Quel. (= Polyporus rufescens Fr.) Sow. Eng. 
 Fung. t. 191, as Boletus biennis. Biennis, two years. 
 
 P. 5-12 cm., flesh colour, whitish towards the margin, convex, then 
 plane or depressed, sometimes dimidiate, strigose, or hairy. St. 1-5 x 
 1-5-2 cm., ferruginous, irregularly shaped, subcentral, or lateral, or 
 wanting, subtomentose. Pores white, then flesh colour, 2-4 mm. long, 
 labyrinthiform, or sinuate, at length torn, pruinose. Flesh reddish, be- 
 coming whitish, consisting of a firm, coriaceous lower layer, with a 
 soft spongy upper layer. Spores white, broadly oval, or subglobose, 
 6-7 x 4-5 ft, with a large central gutta. Smell pleasant. Stumps, 
 roots, and buried wood. Sept. Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2080. D. quercina (Linn.) Fr. (= Lenzites quercina (Linn.) Quel.) 
 Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 238. Quercina, pertaining to oak. 
 
 P. 9-50 cm., pale wood colour, or brownish becoming paler, dimidiate, 
 sessile, rarely substipitate, or resupinate, smooth, rugulose, uneven, 
 marked with concentric, raised, or depressed zones. Pores greyish, 
 fuliginous, or paler than the p., 6-50 mm. long, sinuate, or lameUose, 
 branched, and anastomosing, thick, woody. Flesh pale reddish brown, 
 or concolorous, corky, woody, thick, firm. Spores white, pip-shaped, 
 6 x 2-3/i. Oaks, oak stumps, and posts. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2081. D. borealis (Wahlenb.) Quel. (= Polyporus borealis Fr.) 
 Kalchbr. Icon. t. 35, fig. 2, as Polyporus borealis Fr. 
 
 Borealis, northern. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., white, then yellowish, dimidiate, reniform, or subpul- 
 vinate, sessile, or attenuated behind into a short more or less distinct
 
 618 DAEDALEA 
 
 stem, velvety, or strigose, becoming matted when old; margin acute, 
 spreading. Pores white, then yellowish, 4-6 mm. long, unequal, round, 
 or angular, becoming sinuate and daedaliform. Flesh white, spongy, 
 then corky, composed of parallel fibres, compact, thick, fissile. Spores 
 white, subglobose, 5-6 x 4-5/i, minutely punctate. Smell slightly 
 pleasant when dried. Abies trunks, and stumps. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2082. D. unicolor (Bull.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 163, as Boletus 
 unicolor Bolt. Unicolor, of one colour. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., cinereous, fuliginous when moist, whitish grey when dry, 
 with zones of the same colour, shell-shaped, dimidiate, usually imbri- 
 cate, villoso-strigose ; margin sometimes whitish. Pores whitish cinereous, 
 sometimes fuscous, very short, labyrinthiform, flexuose, intricate, 
 narrow, acute, at length torn into teeth. Flesh white, coriaceous, thin. 
 Spores white, "6-9 x 3-5 /x" Karst. Stumps, trunks, and rails of 
 birch, beech, maple, oak, willow, Robinia, chestnut, and hornbeam. 
 Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2083. D. polyzona (Pers.) Fr. TroXi;?, many; <ovr}, belt. 
 P. 13-18 cm., yellowish brown, darker or reddish at the base, dimidiate, 
 
 sessile, imbricate, tomentose, with many dark brown zones. Pores 
 pallid wood colour, or buff white, very short, equal, thin, sublabyrinthi- 
 form, sometimes 2-stratose. Flesh buff white, coriaceous, somewhat 
 thin. Jan. Dec. Rare. 
 D. gossypina (Lev.) Quel. = Polystictus gossypinus (Lev.) Massee. 
 
 2084. D. saligna Fr. (= Polyporus salignus Fr. Hym. Eur. ; Polyporus 
 fumosus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Lloyd.) Fr. Icon. t. 181, fig. 1, as Poly- 
 porus salignus *Holmiensis Fr. Saligna, of willows. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., whitish, dimidiate, imbricate, dilated reniform, sessile, 
 adpressedly villose, depresso-sulcate round the margin; margin swollen, 
 lobed. Pores white, long, round, or intricately flexuose, labyrinthiform, 
 pruinose, thin. Flesh whitish, coriaceous, soft, elastic. Spores white, 
 "elliptic-oblong, 7-8 /x" Quel. Caespitose. Willows. Oct. Feb. Un- 
 common. 
 
 2085. D. confragosa (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 160, as Boletus 
 confragosus Bolt. Confragosa, rough. 
 
 P. 513 cm., unicolorous, brick red fuscous, becoming ferruginous, 
 dimidiate, reniform, constricted at the base, gibbose, convex, sessile, 
 rough, zoned. Pores cinereous pruinose, then rufous fuscous, 520 mm. 
 long, sinuous, narrow, then labyrinthiform, torn, toothed. Flesh 
 wood colour, or reddish, then brown, fibrous, corky, thin. Spores white, 
 sausage-shaped, curved, 7-8 x 2/n. Beech, oak, willow, and service 
 trunks. Oct. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 DAEDALEA 619 
 
 var. angustata (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung t. 193, as Boletus angustatus 
 Sow. Angustata, narrowed. 
 
 Differs from the type in the brownish rufescent, repand p., the sub- 
 tomentose paler margin of the p., and the subolivaceous pores. Poplars. 
 Rare. 
 
 D. aurea (Batt.) Fr. Aurea, golden. 
 
 P. 2-5 cm., unicolorous, golden, triangular, gibbose, imbricate, 
 sessile, velvety, subzoned', margin swollen. Pores light yellow, some- 
 what long, round, then narrowly sinuato-labyrinthiform. Flesh light 
 yellow, corky coriaceous, thin. Dead oak. Rare. 
 
 2087. D. einerea Fr. (= Lenzites cinerea (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 192, 
 fig. 2. Cinerea, ash colour. 
 
 P. 2-5-13 cm., cinereous, dimidiate, sessile, sometimes imbricate, 
 subundulate, zoned, tomentose; margin paler, thin. Pores white, or 
 cinereous, 5-10 mm. long, round, or very long, labyrinthiform, 
 flexuose, intricate, obtuse, entire, sometimes stratose. Flesh pale buff, 
 or ochraceous, corky woody, thick. Spores white, globose, lOju. 
 Beech, and oak trunks, and stumps. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2088. D. femiginea (Schum.) Fr. Fl. Dan. t. 2029. 
 
 Ferruginea, iron rust colour. 
 
 P. 4-8 cm., whitish flesh colour at first, then yellow ferruginous, 
 effuso-reflexed, horizontal, imbricate, zoned; white villose when young; 
 margin white villose, swollen, flexuose. Pores tawny, 4 mm. long, de- 
 formed, narrowly labyrinthiform, flexuose, anastomosing. Flesh 
 yellowish sienna, 3-4 mm. thick, coriaceous. Beech trunks, and dead 
 wood. Rare. 
 
 II. Resupinate. 
 
 2089. D. latissima Fr. (= Trametes latissima (Fr.) Quel.) 
 
 Latissima, very broad. 
 
 P. 12-5-60 cm., pale wood colour, broadly effused, undulated. Pores 
 pale wood colour, very long, somewhat round, flexuose, sinuose, narrow, 
 distant. Flesh wood colour, corky or woody, thick, zoned, with parallel 
 filaments. Beech trunks. Rare. 
 
 2090. D. vermicularis (Pers.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 424, as Boletus 
 resupinatus Sow. Vermicularis, pertaining to worms. 
 
 P. 10-15 cm., fiesh-colour-rufescent, broadly effused, adnate, be- 
 coming even. Pores concolorous, short, attenuated at both ends, 
 flexuose. Flesh thin. Adhering to the soil by root-like fibres. Aug. 
 Rare.
 
 620 MERULIUS 
 
 3. MERULIACEAE. 
 
 Hymenium spread over veins, anastomosing pores, or quite smooth ; 
 edge of veins or pores fertile. 
 
 Merulius Fr. 
 (Merus, pure.) 
 
 Receptacle gelatinous, coriaceous gelatinous, waxy, membrana- 
 ceous, or floccose, resupinate, or effuso-reflexed. Hymenium at first 
 smooth, becoming reticulated with irregular, obtuse folds or pores, at 
 length gyrose or obsoletely toothed, and fertile on the edge. Spores 
 white, or coloured, elliptical, ovoid, pip-shaped, globose, subglobose, 
 elliptic-oblong, cylindrical, or sausage-shaped, smooth. Cystidia 
 present, or absent. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground. 
 
 * Spores white. 
 fP. effuso-reflexed, margin determinate. 
 
 2091. M. confluens Schwein. Confiuens, becoming confluent. 
 R. 2-5-10 cm., vinous biscuit, colour, resupinate, longitudinally 
 
 effused, becoming confluent, somewhat fleshy; margin biscuit colour, 
 free, inflexed, subtomentose. Folds becoming pinkish cinnamon to 
 pecan brown when dry, very small, uneven, reticulate. Flesh coria- 
 ceous, thin. Spores "hyaline, even, cylindric, flattened on one side, 
 4-5-5 x 2-5/Lt. Subhymenial hyphae incrusted " Burt. Alder branches. 
 Aug. Rare. 
 
 2092. M. tremellosus (Schrad.) Fr. Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. i, t. 10. 
 
 Tremellosus, trembling. 
 
 R. 2-5-15 cm., white, translucent, resupinate, then free and re- 
 flexed, often connate and imbricate, tomentose; margin often pinkish, 
 dentato-radiate. Folds ruddy, pinkish, or pale, porous, twisted, 
 toothed. Flesh gelatinous, cartilaginous when dry. Spores white, 
 sausage-shaped, curved, 4-5 x lp. Cystidia "even or incrusted, 
 sparse, 3-5-4-5/u, in diam., emerging 15-25 /A above the basidia" 
 Burt. Stumps, and dead branches of birch, beech, and oak. Aug. 
 Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2093. M. aurantiacus Klotzsch. Aurantiacus, golden. 
 R. 2-5-4 cm., between yellow and dirty white, here and there cinereous, 
 
 effuso-reflexed, tomentose, obsoletely zoned. Folds dull orange, minute, 
 subporiform. Flesh coriaceous, tough. Dead beech trunks. May 
 Sept. Rare. 
 
 2094. M. corium (Pers.) Fr. (= Merulius papyrinus (Bull.) Quel.) 
 Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 147, as Thelephora corium Pers. 
 
 %6piov, leather. 
 R. 5-20 cm., whitish, resupinato-effused, often imbricate; margin
 
 MERULIUS 621 
 
 at length free, reflexed, villose beneath. Folds flesh colour, or pale 
 tan, reticulato-porous, thin. Flesh soft, leathery, flexible, tough. 
 Spores white, oblong elliptical, 6-9 x 3-5-4 /A. Cystidia "none. 
 Hyphae loosely interwoven, hyaline, septate, 3-4/4 in diam." Burt. 
 Dead wood, and branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2095. M. niveus Fr. Niveus, snow white. 
 K. 1-5 cm., snow white, resupinate, effuso-reflexed, adnate at the 
 
 centre, free elsewhere, smooth. Folds snow white, rugose, subreticulate. 
 Flesh very soft, spongy, thin, becoming membranaceous and papery 
 when dry. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 8 x 5 6 /A, "slightly 
 curved, 4-5 x -5-1 /x" Burt. Dead alder branches. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 ffResupinato-effused, flaxy membranaceous, separable, 
 margin and underside byssoid. 
 
 2096. M. laeticolor B. & Br. (= Merulius fugax Fr. sec. Romell.) 
 
 Laetus, bright; color, colour. 
 
 R. 7-8 cm., bright orange, resupinate, effused, adnate ; margin white, 
 byssoid. Folds concolorous, at first even, then plicato-rugose, distant. 
 Flesh thin. Spores "white, subglobose, 6-7 jj," Massee. Sawdust, and 
 leaves and branches of oak, pine, and mountain ash. Oct. Nov. 
 Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 ftfCrustoso-adnate, margin somewhat byssoid. 
 
 2097. M. porinoides Fr. 770/309, a pore; etSo?, like. 
 R. 2-11 cm., light dingy yellow, resupinate, crustaceo-adnate ; 
 
 margin white, byssoid. Folds concolorous, poriform, large, round, 
 distant. Flesh very thin. Spores white, globose, 3/i. Dead wood, 
 chips, bark, and leaves. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2098. M. rufus (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Myc. Eur. n, t. 16, figs. 1, 2, as 
 Xylomyzon isoporum Pers. Rufus, red. 
 
 R. 2-8 cm., red flesh colour, resupinate, effused, crustaceo-adnate, 
 often immersed in the wood, smooth; margin somewhat naked. Folds 
 concolorous, porose, equal, angular. Flesh waxy soft. Spores white, 
 pip-shaped, slightly curved, 5-6 x 2-3 p. Cystidia none. "Hyphae 
 loosely interwoven, hyaline, 3-3-5ju, in diam." Burt. Rotten oak, and 
 hornbeam wood and posts. May Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2099. M. serpens (Tode) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 193, fig. 3. 
 
 Serpens, creeping. 
 
 R. 3-15 cm., pallid, becoming red, resupinate, crustaceo-adnate, be- 
 coming smooth; margin white, byssoid. Folds concolorous, at first in 
 the form of wrinkles, then porous, angular, entire. Flesh thin. Spores 
 white, cylindrical, curved, 4 x 2/x, 2-guttulate. Dead branches of 
 conifers, lime and ash, and on cones. Oct. March. Rare, (v.v.)
 
 622 MERULIUS 
 
 2100. M. paUens Berk. Fallens, pale. 
 R. 4-8 cm., pale reddish, resupinate, adnate, inseparable', margin 
 
 indeterminate. Folds concolorous, poriform, minute. Flesh subgela- 
 tinous, thin. Spores white, globose, 4/A. Fir, and oak branches. Sept. 
 Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2101. M. Cannichaelianus (Grev.) Berk. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 224, 
 as Polyporus Carmichaelianus Grev. 
 
 Captain Dugald Carmichael, a friend of Greville. 
 R. 2-5-10 cm., white, becoming pinkish brown when dry, resupinate, 
 irregularly effused; margin byssoid, laciniate. Folds concolorous, 
 forming regular, hexagonal reticulations or pores, very shallow. Flesh 
 membranaceous, very thin. Spores white, "globose, very minute" 
 Grev. Bark. Rare. 
 M . crispus (Pers.) Quel. = Plicatura crispa (Pers.) Rea. 
 
 **Spores coloured. 
 fP. effuso-reflexed. 
 
 2102. M. lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 98, no. 216. 
 
 Lacrymans, weeping. 
 
 R. 5-50 cm., yellow ferruginous, effuso-reflexed, more rarely arising 
 from a stalk-like central tubercle; margin white, tomentose, swollen. 
 Folds concolorous, porous, gyroso-toothed, large. Flesh greyish white, 
 spongy-fleshy, slightly moist, exuding drops of water when growing, 
 2-12 mm. thick. Spores reddish rust colour in the mass, yellow under 
 the microscope, elliptical, often subapiculate at the base, 8-10 x 5- 
 6/n, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Hyphae either yellowish, thick walled, 
 5-6/i in diam., or hyaline, 3-5-4-5/x in diam., septate, with clamp 
 connections. Smell often strong. Worked wood in buildings, logs in 
 timber yards, rarely on stumps, and on the ground. Jan. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. minor Falck. (= Merulius lacrymans (Wulf.) Quel.) 
 
 Minor, smaller. 
 
 Differs from the type in the smaller, elliptical spores, 5-6 x 4-4-5/>i. 
 Dead wood, and on the ground. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Guillemotii Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 165. Jules Guillemot. 
 
 Differs from the type in the well developed, dimidiate, imbricate pilei. 
 Worked wood. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. puiverulentus (Fr.) Quel. (= Merulius pulverulentus Fr.) 
 
 Pulverulentus, full of dust. 
 Differs from the type in being membranaceous, becoming even, zoned,
 
 MEBULIUS 623 
 
 arid, gradually decaying from the centre to the margin, and in the folds 
 being reticulated to the margin. Rare. 
 
 2103. M. aureus Fr. Fl. Dan. t. 2027, fig. 2. Aureus, golden. 
 R. 2-5-5 cm., golden yellow, resupinate, effused, or effuso-reflexed, 
 
 easily separable; margin concolorous, thin, villose. Folds golden yellow, 
 ochraceous orange to russet when dried, plicato-porous, gyroso-crisped. 
 Flesh membranaceous, soft, thin. Spores "yellowish in mass, cylin- 
 dric, 3-4-5 x 1-5-2/i. Cystidia none. Hyphae loosely interwoven, 
 nodose-septate, 2-5-4/x in diam." Burt. Pine wood, leaves, and cones. 
 Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ft Resupinate. 
 
 2104. M. terrestris (Peck) Burt. (= Merulius lacrymans var. terrestris 
 Peck, non Ferry.) Terrestris, pertaining to the earth. 
 
 R. 3-10 cm., bright ferruginous, drying amber brown, resupinate, 
 widely effused, membranaceous; margin whitish. Folds concolorous, 
 gyrose, with intermediate, shallow, labyrinthiform depressions. Flesh 
 yellowish, membranaceous, thin. Spores brownish in the mass, yellow 
 under the microscope, broadly elliptical, with often a basal apiculus, 
 7-9 x 4-5-6 ju.. "Basal hyphae loosely interwoven, thick walled, rigid, 
 4-5-6 IJL in diam., nodose-septate, aniline-yellow under the microscope; 
 subhymenial hyphae thin walled, often collapsed, 3fi in diam. Cys- 
 tidia none" Burt. On bare soil. July Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2105. M. papyraceus Fr. Trairvpos, the paper reed. 
 R. 5-20 cm., umber ferruginous, resupinate, widely effused, dry, 
 
 glabrous; margin paler. Folds concolorous, reticulato-porous ; pores 
 equal, dilated. Flesh of the consistence of paper, tough. Spores ferru- 
 ginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 p,, 1-2-guttulate. Old beams amongst 
 grass. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2106. M. squalidus Fr. Squalidus, dirty. 
 R. 7-30 cm., hyaline flesh colour, resupinate, effused, loosely adnate, 
 
 adpressedly fibrillose and becoming cinereous on the underside, smooth; 
 margin white, membranaceous. Folds flesh colour, becoming suboliva- 
 ceous, sinuoso-porous. Flesh membranaceous, soft, loose, watery. 
 Spores ferruginous. Hornbeam posts, and worked wood. Feb. Rare. 
 
 2107. M. himantioides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 193, fig. 1. 
 
 t/tta?, leather thong; etSo9, like. 
 
 R. 2-5 cm., lilac, becoming raw umber when dried, resupinate, 
 effused, separable, fibrillosely silky beneath; margin whitish, byssoid. 
 Folds dingy yellow, then subolivaceous, porous, then gyrose. Flesh 
 very soft, silky, thin. Spores "honey yellow under the microscope,
 
 624 MERULIUS. PHLEBIA 
 
 elliptical, 9-10 x 6/*. Basal hyphae narrow, few, honey yellow, up 
 to 6-7 /A in diam., not incrusted; subhymenial hyphae, loosely inter- 
 woven, hyaline, 4ju, in diam." Burt. Dead conifer and cherry wood. 
 Sept. Dec. Rare. 
 
 2108. M. fugax Fr. (= Merulius molluscus Fr. sec. Burt; Merulius 
 laeticolor Berk. sec. Romell.) - Fr. Icon. t. 193, fig. 2, as Merulius 
 molluscus Fr. Fugax, fleeting. 
 
 R. 3-10 cm., white, or yellowish, resupinate, effused ; margin whitish, 
 byssoid. Folds flesh colour, drying cream colour, pinkish buff, with or 
 without a tinge of orange, or dark brown, gyroso-plicate. Flesh mem- 
 branaceous, very soft, thin. Spores yellowish, or hyaline, broadly 
 elliptical, 4-5 x 3-4/i. Cystidia none. "Hyphae loosely interwoven, 
 long-celled, nodose-septate, 3-4/z in diam., sparingly and coarsely 
 granule-incrusted towards the substratum" Burt. Coniferous wood, 
 and branches. Sept. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 M. molluscus Fr. = Merulius fugax Fr. 
 
 2109. M. pinastri (Fr.) Burt. (= Hydnum pinastri Fr. ; Hydnum sordi- 
 dum Weinm. sec. Burt.) Pinastri, of pines. 
 
 R. 2-20 cm., pinnard yellow, then olive ochre, becoming darker, and 
 finally Dresden brown to raw-umber, resupinate, effused, loosely at- 
 tached to the substratum, whitish and tomentose beneath ; mycelium 
 often reddish, or deep brownish vinaceous; margin whitish, 01 flesh pink. 
 Hymenium for a long time smooth, at length raised in shallow folds 
 forming irregular, angular pores, or reticulations, -5-1-5 mm. in diam., 
 or prolonged into subulate, or Irpex-like teeth. Spores pale ochraceous 
 in the mass, yellow brown, broadly ovoid to subglobose, 5-7 x 4-5 \L, 
 Cystidia none. Hyphae hyaline, 2-5/A in diam., loosely interwoven, 
 nodose-septate. Pine wood and leaves, and cedar chips. Sept. Nov. 
 Rare. 
 
 Phlebia Fr. 
 (<XeT/r, a vein.) 
 
 Receptacle waxy, or subgelatinous, becoming cartilaginous when 
 dry, erect, or resupinate and effused. Hymenium from the first 
 covering radiating, obtuse wrinkles or veins, continuous or broken 
 up into tubercles, rarely smooth, fertile on the edge. Spores white, 
 elliptical, reniform, oblong, or cylindrical, smooth. Cystidia none. 
 Growing on wood, rarely on the ground. 
 
 2110. P. merismoides Fr. (= Phlebia aurantiaca (Sow.) Karst. sec. 
 Pat. ; Phlebia radiata Fr. ; Phlebia contorta Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. 
 Fl. t. 280. Merisma, an old genus of Thelephora; elSos, like. 
 
 R. 2-5-9 cm., flesh colour, then livid, widely effused, smooth, or 
 uneven, villose and white beneath', margin orange, strigose. Wrinkles
 
 PHLEBIA. PLICATURA 625 
 
 purplish flesh colour, simple, straight, or tubercular, crowded. Flesh 
 concolorous, subgelatinous, then membranaceous. Spores white, cylin- 
 drical, somewhat curved, 4-5 x 1-5-2/u,. Stumps, branches, and logs. 
 Sept. Feb. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2111. P. radiata Fr. (= Phlebia aumntiaca (Sow.) Karst. sec. Pat.) 
 
 Radiata, rayed. 
 
 R 2-5-20 cm., red flesh colour, or almost orange, somewhat round, 
 effused, often confluent, equal, smooth on both sides; margin radiately 
 toothed. Wrinkles purplish flesh colour, straight, radiating in rows. 
 Flesh paler, membranaceous, tough, thin. Spores white, cylindrical, 
 slightly curved, 46 x 1-2 /A. Dead wood, branches, and logs, espe- 
 cially alder. July April. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2112. P. erecta Rea. Erecta, upright. 
 R. 1-3 cm., bright flesh colour, becoming blackish, clavate, erect, 
 
 effused ; clubs cylindrical, 2-3 mm. thick, apex obtuse, or acute, white 
 fioccose at base, smooth. Flesh concolorous, or paler, waxy. Spores 
 white, reniform, 4-5 x 2-3|U, 2-guttulate. Basidia with 4-sterigmata. 
 Burnt ground amongst mosses. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2113. P. contorta Fr. (= Phlebia aurantiaca (Sow.) Karst. sec. Pat.) 
 
 Contorta, twisted. 
 
 R. 2-5-10 cm., rufous, then fuscous, widely effused, smooth on both 
 sides; margin indeterminate. Wrinkles concolorous, here and there con- 
 glomerated, branched, subflexuose, irregularly arranged. Flesh mem- 
 branaceous, firm. Spores white, oblong, 5-6 x 3p, bi-guttulate. Dead 
 wood, and fallen branches. Sept. Dec. Uncommon. 
 P. vaga Fr. = Hypochnus fumosus Fr. 
 
 2114. P. albida Fr. Albida, whitish 
 R. 2-4 cm., white, orbicular, effused, becoming confluent, adnate ; 
 
 margin determinate, becoming slightly free. Wrinkles white, simple, 
 elevated, irregularly dispersed. Flesh white, waxy coriaceous, then 
 cartilaginous. Spores white, elliptical, obtuse at both ends, 4-5 x 
 2-5-3/u, 1-2-guttulate. Fallen trunks. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2115. P. lirellosa (Pers.) B. & Br. Pers. Myc. Eur. n, t. 17, fig. 2, as^. 
 Daedalea lirellosa Pers. Lirellosa, with little ridges. 
 
 R. 2-5-5 cm., umber grey, resupinate; margin free. Wrinkles very 
 small, linear, thin, straight, branched, or anastomosing to form pores. 
 Flesh thin. Wood, and branches, especially black poplar. Rare. 
 
 Plicatura Peck (= Trogia Fr. p.p.). 
 
 (Plicatus, folded; ovpd, tail.) 
 
 Pileus spongy coriaceous, soft, flaccid, dimidiate, sessile, or sub- 
 stipitate. Hymenium covering obtuse veins, gill-like in front, crisped 
 R. B. B. 40
 
 626 PLICATUBA. CONIOPHORA 
 
 and branched behind, fertile on the edge. Spores white, oblong, or 
 cylindrical, smooth. Cystidia none. Growing on wood. 
 
 2116. P. crispa (Pers.) Rea. (= Plicatura faginea (Schrad.) Karst. ; 
 Trogia crispa (Pers.) Fr.; Merulius crispus (Pers.) Quel.) Cke. 
 Illus. no. 1099, t. 1114 A, as Trogia crispa Fr. Crispa, curled. 
 
 R. -5-3 cm., light yellow rufescent, whitish at the margin, cup-shaped, 
 sessile, or substipitate, then reflexed, dimidiate, often lobed, villose, 
 slightly zoned. Gills white, or bluish grey, vein-like, dichotomous, 
 narrow, crisped, very much swollen, edge obtuse. Flesh white, fibril- 
 lose, firm, tough. Spores white, oblong, depressed on one side, 56 x 
 3/u,, 1-guttulate. Beech, and birch logs. Jan. Dec. Uncommon. 
 (.*.) 
 
 Coniophora (DC.) Pers. 
 (KOVIS, dust; <J>epa>, I bear.) 
 
 Receptacle fleshy, waxy, subcoriaceous, or membranaceous, re- 
 supinate, effused. Hymenium smooth, subundulate tubercular, or 
 granular. Spores coloured, elliptical, navicular, or subfusiform, smooth. 
 Cystidia none. Growing on wood, or on the ground. 
 
 2117. C. puteana (Schum.) Karst. (= Corticium (Coniophora) putea- 
 num (Schum.) Fr.; Coniophora cerebella Pers.) 
 
 Puteana, pertaining to a well. 
 
 R. 4-20 cm., light yellowish pallid, at length fuscous olivaceous, 
 broadly effused, roundish, separable; margin white, mucedinous. 
 Hymenium fuscous olivaceous, even, subundulate, or gyrose, often 
 subtubercular, pulverulent. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, rather 
 thick. Spores fuscous olivaceous, or ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 
 obtuse, or pointed at one end, 11-13 x 7-8 ft. Hyphae hyaline, 4-7 /M 
 in diam., densely interwoven. Stumps, felled trees, logs and worked 
 wood. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2118. C. arida Fr. (= Corticium (Coniophora) aridum Fr. ; Coniophora 
 Cookei Massee.) Fr. Icon. 1 199, fig. 1. Arida, dry. 
 
 R. 3-20 cm., sulphur yellow, then umber inclining to ferruginous, 
 effused, adnate, continuous; margin paler, or whitish, byssoid. Hyme- 
 nium concolorous, even. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, thin. Spores 
 olivaceous, elliptical, obtuse, or pointed at one end, 9-12 x 6-7 /u. 
 Hyphae hyaline, 2-3/x in diam., loosely interwoven, thin walled. 
 Stumps, felled trees, logs, and worked wood, especially of conifers. 
 Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2119. C. laxa (Fr.) Quel. (= Corticium (Coniophora) laxum Fr.) 
 
 Laxa, loose. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm., white, then ferruginous, effused, adhering laxly, arach- 
 noid beneath; margin white, byssoid. Hymenium pallid, then ochra-
 
 CONIOPHORA 627 
 
 ceous ferruginous, papillose, pulverulent. Flesh whitish, membrana- 
 ceous, floccose, loose. Spores deep rusty purple, or ferruginous in 
 the mass, elliptical, 10-11 x 6-7 JLI; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Bark, 
 twigs, lichens and moss. Nov. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2120. C. Bourdotii Bres. 
 
 L'abbe H. Bourdot, the eminent French mycologist. 
 
 R. 2-10 cm., whitish, then umber and fuscous, broadly effused, 
 
 adnate; margin white, delicately fimbriate. Hymenium umber, even. 
 
 Flesh pale, soft, loose. Spores brown, navicular, or subfusiform, 
 
 17-23 x 6-9/A. Bark, and fallen branches. Sept. Oct. Kare. (v.v.) 
 
 2121. C. pulverulenta (Lev.) Massee. Pulverulenta, dusty. 
 R. 4-18 cm., rusty brown, broadly effused, dry; margin whitish 
 
 byssoid, thin. Hymenium concolorous, or dark brown, pulverulent, 
 even entire. Flesh thin. Spores "yellow brown, elliptical, 14-15 x 
 9-10/i" Massee. Wood. Rare. 
 
 2122. C. membranacea (DC.) Massee. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 214, as 
 Auricularia pulverulenta Sow. Membranacea, having a skin. 
 
 R. 530 cm., pallid, then dirty pale ferruginous, broadly effused, 
 subrotund, fragile, separable; margin yellowish, minutely fibrillose. 
 Hymenium concolorous, minutely pulverulent. Flesh thin. Spores 
 "yellow brown, elliptical, 10-15 x 5-6 /z" Massee. Wood, walls, 
 paper, etc. Rare. 
 
 2123. C. incrustans Massee. Incrustans, covering with a coat. 
 R. 3-15 cm., pale ochraceous, or dirty white, effused, indeterminate, 
 
 inseparable. Hymenium concolorous, compact, waxy, pulverulent. 
 Flesh thin. Spores "very pale ochraceous, elliptical, 15-17 x 8-10/j," 
 Massee. Running over leaves, twigs, etc. Rare. 
 
 2124. C. stabularis Fr. Stabularis, pertaining to a stall. 
 R. 3-10 cm., white, then vinous fuscous, effused, flaxy; margin white, 
 
 byssoid. Hymenium concolorous, white pruinose, the tubercles col- 
 lapsing. Flesh soft, floccose, thin, smell foetid. Fir wood. Rare. 
 
 2125. C. subdealbata (B. & Br.) Massee. (= Corticium subdealbatum 
 B. & Br.) Sub, somewhat; dealbata, whitewashed. 
 
 R. 4-12 cm., ochraceous olive, effused, determinate. Hymenium 
 concolorous, often with paler barren patches, pulverulent. Flesh thin. 
 Spores "ochraceous, elliptical, with a minute basal apiculus, 11-12 x 
 7-8 /x" Massee. Pine bark, and wood. Dec. Rare. 
 
 2126. C. Berkeley! Massee. 
 
 Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of British mycology. 
 
 R. 310 cm., yellow brown, becoming purplish with age, effused, 
 
 determinate; margin sometimes minutely byssoid. Hymenium 
 
 402
 
 628 CONIOPHORA. CONIOPHORELLA 
 
 concolorous, becoming much cracked. Flesh thick, silky, compact. 
 Spores " yellow brown, elliptical, with a minute basal apiculus, 1 1-12 x 
 6-7 /z" Massee. Decorticated wood. Rare. 
 
 2127. C. ochracea Massee. Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour, xxv, t. 47, fig. 13. 
 
 0)^/065, pale. 
 
 R. 4-12 cm., whitish, then ochraceous, very broadly effused, in- 
 separable, usually indeterminate. Hymenium concolorous, pulveru- 
 lent. Flesh yellowish, membranaceous, thin. Spores "yellowish, sub- 
 globose, 8 x 6 7 fj,', subhymenial hyphae pale yellow, very thick, up 
 to 18/x in diam." Massee. Inside elm bark. July. Rare. 
 
 2128. C. sulphurea (Fr.) Massee. (= Corticium sulphureum Fr.) 
 
 Sulphur ea, brimstone colour. 
 
 R. 3-13 cm., bright sulphur yellow, broadly effused, adnate; margin 
 bright sulphur yellow, fibrillosely byssoid, and running out in cord-like 
 radiating strands. Hymenium concolorous, brownish yellow on the fertile 
 portions, often imperfect, waxy, cracking when dry. Flesh spongy, 
 fibrillose, thick. Spores "brownish yellow, broadly elliptical, 11-12 x 
 8-10/x" Massee. Wood, bark, and leaves. Oct. Jan. Rare. 
 
 var. ochroidea (Berk.) Massee. 0)^/969, pale; elSos, form. 
 
 Differs from the type in the pale ochraceous hymenium, and the 
 larger olive spores, elliptical, with a minute apiculus at the base, 16-18 x 
 9-10/i. Wood, and bark. Rare. 
 C. sulfurea (Pers.) Quel. = Hypochnus fumosus Fr. 
 
 Coniophorella Karsten. 
 (Coniophorella, diminutive of Coniophora.) 
 Like Coniophora, but with long, cylindrical, cystidia. 
 
 2129. C. umbrina (A. & S.) Bres. (= Corticium (Coniophora) um- 
 brinum (A. & S.) Fr.) Umbrina, umber. 
 
 R. 3-8 cm., umber, effused, not easily separable, villose beneath', 
 margin concolorous, narrow, radiating. Hymenium concolorous, or 
 ferruginous, even, sometimes granular, tomentose, setulose. Flesh 
 brownish, soft, loose, fairly thick. Spores umber, elliptical, or pip- 
 shaped, 9-13 x 5-8/z. Cystidia concolorous, cylindrical, 90-170 x 
 9-12/x, sometimes incrusted, obtuse, septate. Hyphae brownish, 
 3-6/u, in diam., loosely interwoven. Wood, branches, and twigs. Sept. 
 May. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2130. C. olivacea (Fr.) Karst. (= Corticium (Hypochnus) olivaceum 
 Fr.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, figs, in text, p. 73. 
 
 Olivacea, olive coloured. 
 R. 4-30 cm., distinctly olive when fresh, drying to a colour varying
 
 CONIOPHORELLA. FISTULINA. MUCRONELLA 629 
 
 between Saccardo's olive, huffy citrine and Isabella colour, thinly effused, 
 following the inequalities of the matrix, adnate ; margin whitish, very 
 thin. Hymenium concolorous, tomentose, setulose. Flesh brownish, 
 loose, thin. Spores olivaceous, or yellow brown, elliptical, flattened 
 on one side, obtuse, or pointed at the one end, 9-13 x 4-8 fi; basidia 
 elongated, tapering gradually downwards, 40-80 x 7-8 /x, with. 4 
 curved sterigmata, 5-8 /x, long. Cystidia brownish, paler and blunt 
 at the apex, 160-290 x 12-18/u, projecting about 75-130/t, many- 
 septate, slightly constricted at the septa. Basal hyphae clear dark 
 brown, 4-7 /j, in diam., branched, frequently septate with, clamp con- 
 nections. Nov. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 C. byssoidea (Pers.) Bres. = Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.) v. Hoehn. & 
 Litsch. 
 
 4. FlSTULINACEAE. 
 
 Hymenium inferior, lining free and separate tubes. 
 
 Pistulina (Bull.) Fr. 
 (Fistulina, a little pipe.) 
 
 Pileus fleshy, subgelatinous in the upper layer, stipitate, or sessile. 
 Stem lateral, or none. Tubes at first papillose, then cylindrical, dis- 
 tinct and free from each other. Spores coloured, elliptical, smooth. 
 Conidia present in the tissues. Growing on wood. 
 
 2131. F. hepatica (Huds.) Fr. Berk. Outl. t. 17, fig. 1. 
 
 r)TraTiKo<;, belonging to the liver. 
 
 P. 5-30 cm., blood red, pale purplish red, liver colour, or chocolate, 
 becoming blackish, roundish, dimidiate, or subspathulate, sessile, or 
 stipitate, rough, thick, fleshy, viscid. St. when present, 3-7 x 2- 
 4 cm., concolorous, punctate. Tubes pallid, becoming reddish, separate', 
 orifice of tubes pale, round. Flesh reddish, marbled like beet root, 
 fibrous, distilling a red pellucid juice, 2-3 cm. thick. Spores pink, 
 subglobose, 4-5-5 x 4/A, with a large central gutta. Taste somewhat 
 acrid, especially when young. Edible. On trunks of trees, oak, ash, 
 walnut, willow, beech, sweet chestnut, hornbeam, elm. Aug. Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 5. HYDNACEAE. 
 
 Hymenium spread over the surface of spines, granules, warts, or 
 other protuberances, or quite a smooth surface, with the intervening 
 spaces fertile. Receptacle fleshy, coriaceous, waxy, crustaceous, or 
 floccose, rarely none. 
 
 Mucronella Fr. 
 (Mucronella, a little sharp point.) 
 
 Receptacle none, consisting of a floccose, fugacious mycelium. 
 Spines simple, cylindrical, subulate, acute, scattered, or fasciculate,
 
 630 MUCRONELLA. HYDNTJM 
 
 and then more or less connate at the base. Spores white, oblong, or 
 subglobose, smooth, or punctate; basidia with 1-4-sterigmata. Cys- 
 tidia present. Growing on wood. 
 
 2132. M. calva (A. & S.) Fr. Calva, bald. 
 Spines white, then pale, 1-3 mm. long, scattered, rigid, thin. Spores 
 
 white, "oblong, hardly depressed, 4-6 x 3/x. Hyphae thin walled, 
 3-6 p, emerging in a sterile bundle" Bourd. & Galz. Rotten pine 
 stumps. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2133. M. aggregate Fr. Aggregate, clustered. 
 R. '5-2 cm., white, then pale, subiculum absent, or occasional. Teeth 
 
 subulate, short, free, arranged in groups. Spores hyaline, elliptical, 
 4-6 x 2-5-4 /A; basidia cylindrical or clavate, 10-20 x 3-5-5 /A. Hyphae 
 2-4 ju, in diam., thin walled, clamp connections sparse. Very old 
 rotten logs. Oct. Rare. 
 
 Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. 
 (vSvov, the old name for truffles.) 
 
 Receptacle fleshy, coriaceous, or corky, simple, or branched, pileate, 
 or coralloid, stipitate, or sessile. Stem central, lateral, or none. Spines 
 subulate, acute, distinct at the base. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores 
 white, or coloured, elliptical, oval, globose, subglobose, or angularly 
 globose, smooth, granular, verrucose, or echinulate ; basidia with 2-5- 
 sterigmata. Cystidia present, or absent. Micro- and macro-conidia 
 present in some species. Growing on the ground, or on wood. 
 
 I. St. central. 
 A. P. fleshy. 
 *Spores white. 
 
 2134. H. repandum (Linn.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 44. 
 
 Repandum, bent backwards. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., pale buff flesh colour, or subrufescent, convex, somewJiat 
 repand, often irregular and excentric, smooth, or minutely floccose 
 and pruinose, firm; margin often lobed. St. 3-12 x 1-5-4 cm., white, 
 or pallid, ochraceous at the base, irregularly shaped. Spines white, then 
 flesh colour, 4-8 mm. long, decurrent, unequal, conical, entire, rarely 
 bifid, or tubular, brittle. Flesh white, firm, fragile, thick. Spores 
 white, subglobose, apiculate, 6-7 x 5-6/M. Smell pleasant. Taste 
 bitter. Edible. Woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. album Quel. Album, white. 
 
 Differs from the type in the milk white pileus. Woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 HYDNUM 631 
 
 var. rufescens (Pers.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 88, as Hydnum re- 
 
 pandum. Rufescens, becoming reddish. 
 
 Differs from the type in being rufescent, in the smaller size of all its 
 
 parts, the non-decurrent spines and the slightly larger spores, 8-10/z,. 
 
 Woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2135. H. fuligineo-album Schmidt. Boud. Icon. t. 168. 
 
 Fuligineus, sooty; album, white. 
 
 P. 5-15 cm., whitish, tinged rosy, or somewhat fuscous towards the 
 margin, convex, then expanded and depressed, often finally infundi- 
 buliform, repand, wavy, rather silky, smooth, disc often with darker 
 scales, or spots; margin at first involute. St. 45 x 1-1 -5 cm., whitish 
 rosy, or concolorous and slightly fuscous at the base, central, or ex- 
 centric, subequal, or attenuated at the base, subsquamulose, or gla- 
 brous. Spines white, becoming rosy reddish, slightly fuscous at the base, 
 6-8 mm. long, decurrent, subulate, or compressed, crowded. Flesh 
 white, rosy when broken, thick, firm. Spores "white, verrucose, sub- 
 reticulate, globose, 3-5 /A " Boud. Smell strong, unpleasant, "of 
 liquorice" Quel. Taste somewhat pleasant. Coniferous woods, and 
 adjoining pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2136. H. fragile Fr. Fragile, brittle. 
 P. 430 cm., pallid, soon cinereous, or brick rufescent, convex, then 
 
 plane and depressed, pubescent at first, becoming smooth, often zoned 
 towards the margin, and minutely squamulose, or wrinkled; margin 
 undulate, lobed. St. 4-8 x 1-5-10 cm., pallid, becoming rufescent or 
 cinereous, often incrassated at the base, unequal, smooth. Spines 
 whitish, then grey, 4-8 mm. long, scarcely decurrent, subulate, slender, 
 fragile. Flesh grey, or reddish, soft, thick, firm, sometimes zoned. 
 Spores white, subangularly globose, 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Pine woods, 
 and moors. Sept. Nov. Rare, but occasionally abundant, (v.v.) 
 
 2137. H. molle Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 2, upper figs. Molle, soft. 
 P. 6-11 cm., white, becoming greyish or tinged with chocolate, convex, 
 
 then umbilicate, or irregularly depressed, often wavy, covered with a 
 dense tomentose coat. St. 4-5 x 2 cm., white, then grey, equal, conical, 
 glabrous. Spines white, then grey, 6-8 mm. long, decurrent, acuminate, 
 thin, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellowish when broken, soft, 
 thick. Spores white, "globose, with a basal apiculus, 7 /A" Massee. 
 Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 **Spores coloured. 
 
 2138. H. imbricatum (Linn.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 71. 
 
 Imbricatum, covered with tiles. 
 
 P. 7-50 cm., umber, convex, then plane, often subumbilicate, and 
 finally infundibuliform, fioccose, tessulato-scaly. St. 2-5-7-5 x 2-5-
 
 632 HYDNUM 
 
 5 cm., whitish, or concolorous, firm, smooth. Spines cinereous white, 
 10-12 mm. long, decurrent, subulate, thin. Flesh pale, then huffish or 
 reddish, thick, firm, sometimes zoned. Spores reddish brown, verru- 
 cose, oval or globose, 5-6 x 5p,, 1-guttulate. Taste bitter. Edible. 
 Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2139. H. squamosum (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 273. 
 
 Squamosum, scaly. 
 
 P. 3-8 cm., rufous fuscous, convex, gibbous, then irregular and de- 
 pressed, smooth, breaking up into irregular, fibrillose, chestnut coloured 
 scales. St. 3-4 x 1-1-5 fj,, white, attenuated downwards, smooth. 
 Spines greyish fuscous, apex whitish, thin. Flesh whitish, thick, firm. 
 Spores "yellowish tawny, subglobose, 7/z, granular" Quel. Taste 
 pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2140. H. scabrosum Fr. Scabrosum, rough. 
 P. 34 cm., umber ferruginous, turbinate, then plane, very convex 
 
 beneath, tomentose, then rough with fasciculate flocci, which form 
 minute crowded scales. St. 2-5 x 2-5 cm., cinereous, blackish at the 
 base, attenuated downwards, round, or compressed, dotted with the 
 rudimentary decurrent spines. Spines fuscous ferruginous, apex 
 whitish, 8 mm. long, decurrent, subulate, equal, crowded. Flesh white, 
 becoming blackish at the base of the stem, very thick, firm. Spores 
 reddish brown, verrucose, globose, 4-5/u,. Pine woods. Sept. Rare. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2141. H. laevigatum (Swartz) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 138. 
 
 Laevigatum, made smooth. 
 
 P. 513 cm., greyish umber, at first often tinged with fuscous purple, 
 somewhat irregular, convex, then plane, or depressed, smooth, then 
 breaking up into minute squamules; margin incurved, pubescent. 
 St. 4-6 x 2-3 cm., greyish, or lilac colour, often excentric, subequal, 
 somewhat glabrous. Spines umber fuscous, apex whitish, 1-2-5 cm. 
 long, decurrent, large. Flesh whitish grey, pale lilac purple when young 
 and broken, thick, compact. Spores "somewhat fuscous, angularly 
 globose, tuberculose, 6-7 x 4-5/x" Bres. Taste somewhat bitter. 
 Smell strong, unpleasant, " d'immortelle sauvage when dried" Quel. 
 Edible. Pine woods. Aug. Nov. Rare. 
 
 2142. H. acre Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. (1877), no. 36, t. 6, fig. 1. 
 
 Acre, sharp. 
 
 P. 10-12 cm., light yellow, then olivaceous, or bistre, plane, shaggy, 
 velvety. St. 3 x 2 cm., cream olivaceous, oval, often branched, villose. 
 Spines white, then brown, apex light yellow, decurrent, thin. Flesh 
 light yellow, watery. Spores light yellow, spinulose, 6/u,. Taste very 
 pungent, bitter and peppery. Poisonous. Pine, and chestnut woods, 
 and sandy places. Rare.
 
 HYDNTJM 633 
 
 2143. H. infundibulum (Swartz) Fr. (= Hydnum fusipes Pers. sec. 
 Quel.) Pers. Myc. Eur. u, t. 20, figs. 4-6, as Hydnum fusipes 
 Pers. Infundibulum, a funnel. 
 
 P. 5-20 cm., brown, infundibuliform, lobed, unequal, smooth. St. 
 5-7-5 x 2-5 cm., white, then reddish or brownish, constricted at the 
 base, unequal, smooth. Spines white, then bay or brown, decurrent. 
 Flesh white, fleshy, fibrous, firm. Pine woods. Sept. Bare. 
 H. fusipes Pers. = Hydnum infundibulum (Swartz) Fr. 
 
 B. P. corky, or coriaceous, tough. 
 *Spores white. 
 
 2144. H. cinereum (Bull.) Fr. Cinereum, ash colour. 
 P. 5-9 cm., white, becoming greyish and tinged with lilac or chocolate, 
 
 convex, umbilicate. repand, at length often infundibuliform, minutely 
 tomentose, or pubescent; margin thin. St. 2-3 x -5 cm., white, then 
 grey, attenuated at the base, often branched, firm, glabrous. Spines 
 white, then grey, 1-2 mm. long, decurrent, thin. Flesh whitish, be- 
 coming ferruginous, corky, thin. Spores white, "6/i, granular" Quel. 
 Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2145. H. nigrum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 5, lower figs. Nigrum, black. 
 P. 2-10 cm., whitish, soon becoming azure-blue-black with the margin 
 
 whitish, club-shaped, then turbinate, at length flattened, piano-de- 
 pressed, tubercular, tomentose, sometimes zoned. St. 2-3 x -5- 
 1-5 cm., black, equal, often rooting at the base, unequal, thickened 
 at the tomentose base. Spines white, then grey, 2 mm. long, subulate, 
 thin. Flesh black, corky rigid. Spores white, minutely verrucose, sub- 
 globose, 4/n. Often connate. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2146. H. graveolens (Delast.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 6, upper figs. 
 
 Graveolens, strong smelling. 
 
 P. 25 cm., bistre becoming black, then cinereous with the margin 
 whitish, hemispherical, sinuate, often depressed at the centre, thin, 
 soft, rugose, silky. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 1-3 mm., fuscous black, thickened 
 at the apex, tough, equal, smooth. Spines white, then grey, -5-1 mm. 
 long, decurrent, thin. Flesh concolorous, or paler, coriaceous, rigid, 
 thin. Spores white, echinulate, globose, 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Smell 
 strong of Fenugreek, or tincture of Belladonna. Often connate. Coni- 
 ferous woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2147. H. melaleucum Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 272, as Hydnum pullum 
 Schaeff. /ie\a<?, black; Xeuo9, white. 
 
 P. 1-5-3 cm., greyish violet, or bistre, then black with the margin white,
 
 634 HYDNTJM 
 
 plane, irregular, striate, rigid, with little elevations at the disc, silky. 
 St. 1-5-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., black, enlarged at the apex, smooth. Spines 
 white, then flesh colour, -5-1 mm. long, slender, thin. Flesh violaceous, 
 or black, coriaceous, thin, firm, sometimes zoned. Spores white, glo- 
 bose, 2-5-3/n. Caespitose. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2148. H. cyathiforme (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 139. 
 
 KvaOos, a cup; forma, shape. 
 
 P. 2-5-6 cm., pale cinereous, or lilac, with the margin white, plane, 
 then cup-shaped, or infundibuliform, sometimes zoned, silky, disc 
 subtomentose. St. 2-3 cm. x 5-8 mm., pale cinereous, often violet, 
 equal, smooth. Spines white, -5-1 mm. long, very slender. Flesh 
 white, becoming greyish or ferruginous, coriaceous, thin. Spores white, 
 echinulate, globose, 3/z, 1-guttulate. Often connate. Woods. Aug. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Spores coloured. 
 
 2149. H. compactum (Pers.) Fr. Compactum, strongly built. 
 P. 2-5-15 cm., white, soon becoming olivaceous cinereous or fuscous, 
 
 plane, flat, irregularly shaped, sometimes almost sessile, undulated, 
 tuberculose, densely covered with whitish down when young; margin 
 becoming bluish, lobed, waved, thick. St. 2-3 x 2-3-5 cm., tawny in- 
 clined to fuscous, irregularly shaped. Spines fuscous, apex pallid, 
 2-7 mm. long, decurrent, subulate. Flesh zoned with azure blue, in- 
 tervals between the zones whitish, somewhat blood red in the stem, corky, 
 compact, firm, very thick. Spores light reddish brown, minutely ver- 
 rucose, angularly globose, 4-5/x,, 1-guttulate. Often connate. Coni- 
 ferous woods, and moors. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2150. H. aurantiacum (A. & S.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 142. 
 
 Aurantiacum, golden. 
 
 P. 2-5-15 cm., whitish, soon orange yellow with a white margin, 
 turbinato-dilated, with small elevations, at first covered with white down. 
 St. 2-5 x 1-3 cm., orange, obconic, or equal. Spines whitish, becoming 
 orange, and at length fuscous, 2-4 mm. long, decurrent, subulate. Flesh 
 tawny orange, zoned, corky, compact, thick. Spores yellowish, verru- 
 cose, angularly globose, 4-6 x 4-5/t*, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. 
 Woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2151. H. ferrugineum Fr. (= Hydnum floriforme (Schaeff.) Quel.) 
 Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 143. 
 
 Ferrugineum, of the colour of iron rust. 
 
 P. 2-5-10 cm., white, and exuding blood red drops, then variegated 
 with blood red zones, and finally entirely reddish brown or ferruginous, 
 with the margin white, obconic, hemispherical, then expanded and 
 depressed or cyathiform, at first covered with white down, rugose. St.
 
 HYDNUM 635 
 
 4-8 x 1-5-2-5 cm., fuscous ferruginous, often becoming blackish, un- 
 equal, compressed, or sulcate, attenuated, or incrassated at the base, 
 slightly tomentose, becoming smooth. Spines white, soon fuscous 
 ferruginous, 3-5 mm. long, decurrent, subulate, equal. Flesh ferrugi- 
 nous, becoming blackish with age especially in the stem, zoned, spongy 
 corky, thick. Spores fuscous, minutely verrucose, angularly globose, 
 3-4/Li. Smell slightly pleasant. Coniferous woods, and moors. Aug. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2152. H. scrobiculatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 5, upper figs. 
 
 Scrobiculatum, pitted. 
 
 P. 2-510 cm., ferruginous, becoming paler, plane, depressed and 
 cyathiform, or rarely infundibuliform, pubescent, disc slightly pitted 
 and scaly. St. 1-4 x 12-5 cm., concolorous, or darker, equal, often 
 rooting, smooth. Spines concolorous, apex flesh colour, becoming fuscous, 
 25 mm. long, subdecurrent, thin, fragile. Flesh ferruginous, be- 
 coming paler, zoned, corky coriaceous, thick. Spores pale reddish 
 brown, angularly globose, 4/x. Often confluent. Coniferous woods, 
 and moors. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2153. H. zonatum (Batsch) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 99, no. 218. 
 
 Zonatum, zoned. 
 
 P. 2-5-5 cm., ferruginous, becoming paler when dry, plane, then de- 
 pressed and cyathiform, zoned, radiato-rugose, silky, becoming smooth; 
 margin thin. St. 2-5 cm. x 46 mm., concolorous, or paler, thickened 
 at the base, equal, floccose. Spines pallid, apex grey and glistening, 
 then ferruginous, 1-3 mm. long, thin. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous, 
 fibrous, thin. Spores pale reddish brown, echinulate, globose, 3-4/x, 
 1-guttulate. Coniferous, and frondose woods. Aug. Nov. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2154. H. Queletii Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 20, fig. 2. 
 
 Lucien Quelet, the eminent mycologist. 
 
 P. 23 cm., bright chestnut, becoming dark fuscous, plane, then um- 
 bilicate, silky, disc with thin, crowded, radiating tufts and wrinkles; 
 margin white. St. 12 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, silky, base 
 floccose. Spines grey, then bay brown, 1-2 mm. long, decurrent, thin. 
 Flesh concolorous, or reddish, paler at the apex of the p., corky mem- 
 branaceous, thin. Spores yellowish, minutely verrucose, globose, 
 3-4/n. Often confluent. Frondose woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (*.) 
 
 II. St. lateral. 
 
 2155. H. auriscalpium (Linn.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 196. 
 
 Auriscalpium, ear-pick. 
 
 P. 1-2 cm., pallid, or flesh colour, then date brown and blackish, 
 dimidiate, reniform, rarely hemispherical, hairy; margin sometimes
 
 636 HYDNUM 
 
 lobed. St. 3-8 cm. x 1-4 mm., ochraceous, then concolorous, vertical, 
 lateral, rarely central, hairy, rooted. Spines yellowish, or flesh colour, 
 then cinereous and brown, 1-3 mm. long, coriaceous, thin, crowded. 
 Spores white, minutely echinulate, globose, 4-5/z. Cones of conifers. 
 May Feb. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 III. Very much branched, or tuberculiform, and immarginate. 
 
 2156. H. coralloides (Scop.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 100, no. 221. 
 
 Kopd\\tov, coral; eZSo?, like. 
 
 P. 10-40 cm., shining white, at length yellowish, very much branched, 
 entirely broken up into attenuated, intricate branches, arising from a 
 thick trunk; primary branches, 12-20 mm. thick, ultimate ones, 
 1-2 mm. thick, pruinose. Spines white, becoming yellowish, 6-10 mm. 
 long, fasciculate, subulate, entire, unilateral. Flesh white, fleshy 
 fibrous. Spores white, globose, 4/u,, with a large central gutta. Edible. 
 Decayed fir, beech, ash, birch, and oak trunks. Oct. Nov. Rare. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2157. H. erinaceus (Bull.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 100, no. 220. 
 
 Erinaceus, a hedgehog. 
 
 P. 5-30 cm., white, then yellowish, spathulate, or epaulet-shape, 
 pendulous, tubercular, immarginate, torn into fibrils above. St. some- 
 times rudimentary. Spines white, 3-6 cm. long, pendulous, straight, 
 equal, simple, crowded, pruinose. Flesh white, unchangeable, thick, 
 lacunose, tough, very soft, elastic. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 /u., 
 with a large central gutta. Taste acid, then sweet. Edible. Beech, 
 oak, hornbeam, and alder trunks. Sept. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2158. H. caput-Medusae (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 412. 
 
 Caput, head; Medusae, of a Medusa. 
 
 P. 7-10 cm., white, then fuliginous cinereous, globose, tuberculiform, 
 substipitate, covered all over with spines. Spines on upper surface dis- 
 torted, the lower ones, 10-20 mm. long, straight. Flesh white, fibrillose, 
 soft. Trunks. Rare. 
 
 2159. H. setosum (Pers.) Bres. (= Hydnum Schiedermayeri Heufl. ; 
 Dryodon luteocarneum (Seer.) Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 38, fig. 4, 
 as Hydnum Schiedermayeri Heufl. Setosum, bristly. 
 
 P. 15-30 cm., sulphur, then flesh colour, becoming rufescent on ex- 
 posure to the sun, broadly effused, immarginate, tubercular, stalactite- 
 like, pruinose. Spines sulphur flesh colour, apex white fimbriate, in- 
 cised, 3-5 mm. long, subulate, often fasciculate, compressed, chan- 
 nelled, intermixed with shorter conical spines, crowded. Flesh white, 
 sulphur near the exterior, cheesy, juicy, firm, lacunose, sometimes 
 bearing spines in the inside. Spores white, pale ochraceous, sub-
 
 HYDNUM 637 
 
 globose, 4-5 x 3-5-4/z, 1-guttulate. Mycelium citron yellow. Taste 
 unpleasant, acid. Old apple trunks. Aug. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2160. H. squalinum Fr. Ray, Syn. t. 1, fig. 5. 
 
 Squalinum, pertaining to a shark. 
 
 P. 2-8 cm., pale wood colour, suborbicular, then confluent, adnate, 
 waxy, pruinose, villose, becoming smooth; margin white, villose, thin. 
 Spines yellowish amber, becoming fuscous, base brownish, 2-3 mm. 
 long, acute, subdivided, or entire, stout, compressed, connate, trans- 
 lucid. Flesh white, coriaceous, firm, thick. Spores "yellowish, echinu- 
 late, oval, 4/u," Quel. Dead beech trunks. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 IV. P. sessile, dimidiate, marginate, often effuso-reflexed. 
 
 2161. H. cirrnatum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 71, fig. 1. 
 
 Cirrhatum, curled. 
 
 P. 5-10 cm., pallid, varying white, light yellowish, or rufescent, 
 effused, then reflexed, dimidiate, shell-shaped, often imbricate, brist- 
 ling above with sterile spines or scattered, flexuose fibres; margin pink, 
 incurved, fimbriate. Spines cream colour, 10-15 mm. long, subulate, 
 tough, elastic, equal, thin. Flesh white, then pinkish cream colour, 
 corky soft, thick. Spores white, " subelliptical, 3-5-4 x 2-75-3 ft, often 
 1-guttulate, becoming blue with iodine" Bourd. & Galz. Taste and 
 smell pleasant. Edible. Oak, beech, birch, and fir trunks. Aug. 
 Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 2162. H. diversidens Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 71, fig. 2. 
 
 Diver sus, different; dens, tooth. 
 
 P. 5-13 cm., white, then yellowish, or flesh colour, dimidiate, shell- 
 shaped, often very irregularly shaped, here and there lobed, sessile, 
 or substipitate, often imbricate, densely beset above with erect, variously 
 shaped, incised teeth; margin membranaceous, lobed, clothed with club- 
 shaped spines. Spines white, 612 mm. long, subulate, entire, regular, 
 pubescent. Flesh whitish, soft, moist. Spores white, "oval globose, 
 3-4 ju, with a large central gutta" Quel. Taste pleasant. Edible. 
 Beech, birch, hornbeam, and oak stumps. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2163. H. pulcherrimum Berk. & Curt. Pulcherrimum, very beautiful. 
 P. 3 cm., white, shaded pale tawny, pulvinate, dimidiate, expanded, 
 
 subimbricate, stiffly downy ; margin lobed, thin. Spines tawny, 3-5 mm. 
 long, variable in size. Flesh fibrous. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2164. H. multiplex Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 6, lower figs. 
 
 Multiplex, with many folds. 
 
 P. 8-10 cm., date brown, becoming fuscous, reniform, spathulate, 
 wedge-shaped, densely imbricate, connate in very numerous flabelli- 
 form, connate pilei, radiately striate, velvety, produced behind into a
 
 638 HYDNTJM 
 
 common, fusiform stem, 12mm. and more long; margin at first be- 
 coming white, then concolorous, acute. Spines whitish cinereous, or lead 
 colour, then date brown, short, slender, very crowded. Flesh becoming 
 fuscous, coriaceous, thin, pliant. Rare. 
 
 H.fusco-atrum Fr. = Acia fusco-atra (Fr.) Pat. 
 
 H. membranaceum Fr. = Acia membranacea (Fr. non Bull.) Bourd. & 
 
 Galz. 
 
 H. membranaceum Bull. = Radulum molare Fr. 
 H. Weinmannii Fr. = Acia fusco-atra (Fr.) Pat. sec. Bres. 
 H. crinale Fr. = Caldesiella crinalis (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 H. ferruginosum Fr. = Caldesiella crinalis (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 H. variecolor Fr. = var. of Sistotrema sulphureum Quel. sec. Bourd. 
 
 & Galz. 
 
 H. aureum Fr. = Odontia aurea (Fr.) Quel. 
 
 H. denticulatum (Pers.) Fr. = Acia denticulata (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 H. alutaceum Fr. = Odontia arguta (Fr.) Quel. var. alutacea (Fr.) 
 
 Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 H. sulphureum Schwein. = Odontia sulphur ea (Schwein.) Rea. 
 H. sordidum Weinm. = Merulius pinastri (Fr.) Burt. 
 H. limonicolor B. & Br. = Odontia limonicolor (B. & Br.) Quel. 
 H, pinastri Fr. = Merulius pinastri (Fr.) Burt. 
 H. spathulatum (Schwein.) Fr. = Odontia spathulata (Schwein.) Rea. 
 H. multiforme B. & Br. = Odontia multiformis (B. & Br.) Rea. 
 H. anomalum B. & Br. = Odontia anomala (B. & Br.) Rea. 
 H. melleum B. & Br. = Odontia mellea (B. & Br.) Rea. 
 H. viride (A. & S.) Fr. = Caldesiella viridis (A. & S.) Pat. 
 H. udum Fr. = Acia uda (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 H. Hollii (Schmidt) Fr. = Odontia Hoffli (Schmidt) Rea. 
 H. bicolor (A. & S.) Fr. = Odontia bicolor (A. & S.) Bres. 
 H. nodulosum Fr. = Acia stenodon (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. var. nodu- 
 
 losa (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 H. niveum (Pers.) Fr. = Grandinia farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 H. farinaceum (Pers.) Fr. = Grandinia farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. & 
 
 Galz. 
 
 H. argutum Fr. = Odontia arguta (Fr.) Quel. . 
 H. stipatum Fr. = Odontia stipata (Fr.) Quel. 
 H. subtile Fr. - Odontia bicolor (A. & S.) Bres. 
 H. Stevensonii B. & Br. = Odontia Stevensonii (B. & Br.) Rea. 
 H. plumosum Duby = Odontia plumosa (Duby) Rea.
 
 MYCOLEPTODON. RADULUM 639 
 
 Mycoleptodon Pat. (= Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. p.p.). 
 (/j,vtCT)<;, fungus; XCTTTO?, thin; oSwv, tooth.) 
 
 Receptacle membranaceous-coriaceous, thin, firm, resupinate, or 
 reflexed. Spines simple, firm, cylindrical, pointed, hispid at the apex; 
 none, or reduced in size at the margin. Spores white, ovoid, oboval, 
 subelliptical, or oblong, smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cys- 
 tidia present, abundant at the apex of the spines. Growing on wood, 
 more rarely on humus. 
 
 2165. M. ochraceum (Pers.) Pat. (= Hydnum ochraceum (Pers.) Fr. ; 
 Hydnum pudorinum Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Pers. Syn. t. v, 
 fig. 5, as Hydnum ochraceum. Ochraceum, ochre-yellow. 
 
 R. 2-5-7-5 cm., white, or pale ochraceous, rounded, then confluent, 
 effused, or effuso-reflexed and dimidiate, tomentose, sometimes nar- 
 rowly grooved, zoned; margin white, membranaceous, subfimbriate, 
 pubescent. Spines ochraceous flesh colour, subulate, very small, hispid 
 at the apex, shorter at the margin. Flesh whitish, thin, coriaceous. 
 Spores white, "oboval oblong, 3-4 x 2-2-5/x, often 1-guttulate. Cys- 
 tidia claviform, or fusiform, 24-100 x 5-10/x, thick walled, or 
 incrusted" Bourd. & Galz. Dead branches. Jan. Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2166. M. fimbriatum (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Odontia fimbriata 
 (Pers.) Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 196, fig. 1, as Odontia fimbriata (Pers.) 
 
 Fimbriatum, fringed. 
 
 R. 2-20 cm., fawn colour, cinnamon, or pale buff, often tinged with 
 lilac, effused, separable, veined, or traversed by root-like ribs; margin 
 fibrilloso-fringed. Spines rufescent, minute, blunt, in the form of 
 granules, crowned with hyaline hairs. Flesh membranaceous-coriaceous, 
 thin. Spores white, "ovoid, subelliptical, sometimes slightly de- 
 pressed, 3-5-4-5 x 1-75-3/i. Cystidia claviform, or fusiform, 7-9/x 
 in diam., thick walled, rugose, or incrusted, often obtuse and slightly 
 bent" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and humus. Jan. Dec. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Radulum F r. 
 (Radula, a rasp.) 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, effused, waxy, or membranaceous waxy. 
 Tubercles or spines, thick, deformed, obtuse, simple, or branched, 
 irregularly scattered, or confluent and tooth-like. Spores white, or 
 coloured, elliptical, subglobose, or cylindric oblong, smooth. Cystidia 
 none, cystidioles (sterile basidia) sometimes present. Growing on 
 wood. 
 
 R. pendulum Fr. = Corticium subcostatum Karst. sec. Bourd. & Galz.
 
 640 RADTJLUM 
 
 2167. R. orbiculare Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 278. Orbiculare, round. 
 R. 2-5-15 cm., white, then yellowish, orbicular, confluent; margin 
 
 white, byssoid, membranaceous. Tubercles concolorous, or dingy flesh 
 colour, 2-6 mm. long, cylindrical, scattered, or fasciculate. Flesh 
 whitish, or yellowish, waxy fleshy, thin, 2-4 mm. thick. Spores white, 
 cylindric oblong, slightly curved, 8-12 x 3-5/u,. Dead bark of birch, 
 cherry, willow, aspen, hornbeam, pine, and fir. Jan. Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. junquillinum Quel. Junquillinum, bright yellow. 
 
 Differs from the type in its bright yellow colour. Pine. March. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2168. R. quercinum Fr. (= Radulum fagineum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Bourd. 
 & Galz.) Quercinum, pertaining to oak. 
 
 R. 5-30 cm., white, then pallid or tan colour, somewhat round, then 
 broadly confluent, adnate, often throwing back the bark; margin 
 white, villose^occose. Tubercles concolorous, 4-6 mm. long, cylindrical, 
 obtuse, pointed, or toothed, scattered, or fasciculate, often villose at 
 the apex. Flesh whitish, or yellowish, crustaceous waxy, thin, 2-4 mm. 
 thick. Spores white, oblong subcylindric, very slightly depressed on 
 one side, 5-7-8-5 x 2-5-4 JLI, guttulate" Bourd. & Galz. Fallen 
 branches, especially oak, also worked wood. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2169. R. molare Fr. (= Radulum membranaceum (Bull.) Bres. ; ? Cor- 
 ticium confluens Fr. a form sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Pers. Myc. 
 Eur. n, t. 22, fig. 1, as Sistotrema molariforme Pers. 
 
 Molare, a molar tooth. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm., pale, yellowish, or tan colour, orbicular, confluent, 
 widely effused, adnate, firm, cracked when dry; margin byssoid, or 
 radiately fibrillose. Tubercles concolorous, 2-3 mm. long, deformed, 
 cylindrical or conical, scattered, or confluent and connate, smooth, 
 or fimbriate. Flesh whitish^ waxy, thin. Spores white, "elliptical, 
 subglobose, 7-5-9-13 x 5-7-8^" Bourd. & Galz. Fallen oak, -and 
 birch branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2170. R. mucidum (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. nee Hydnum mucidum Fr. 
 
 Mucidum, mucid. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm., yellow, effused, separable, more or less nodular, gla- 
 brous, or pubescent; margin fibrillose. Tubercles concolorous, short, 
 scattered, subulate, elongate when growing on an upright surface. 
 Flesh yellowish, soft, thin. Spores ferruginous in the mass, very pale 
 yellow under the microscope, elliptical to subglobose, with a lateral 
 apiculus, 4-5 x 3-5-4/z, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 7/n in diam. 
 with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae thin walled, frequently septate, with 
 clamp connections, 4-7 /u, in diam. Inside a hollow stump, and grow- 
 ing over living stems of ivy. Nov. Rare, (v.v.)
 
 BADTILUM. ACIA 641 
 
 2171. R. tomentosum Fr. (? = var. of Odontia arguta (Fr.) Quel. sec. 
 Bourd. & Galz.) Tomentosum, downy. 
 
 R. 2-5-13 cm., white, then yellowish, pallid wood colour when dry, 
 effused, irregular, innate; margin whitish, sometimes becoming ferrugi- 
 nous, swollen, erect, tomentose. Tubercles white, short, angular, obtuse, 
 crowded, confluent, smooth. Flesh floccose, crustaceous. Spores 
 white, " cylindric-oblong, slightly thinner, curved and apiculate at 
 the base, 8 x 4 /A" Massee. Pyrus aucuparia, willow, and pine saw- 
 dust. Nov. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 R. deglubens B. & Br. - Eichleriella spinulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Burt 
 sec. Wakef. 
 
 2172. R. corallinum B. & Br. Kopd\\iov, coral; eZSo<?, like. 
 R. 5-15 cm., white, effused, shining. Tubercles white, 4-6 mm. long, 
 
 fasciculate (fascicles 6 rnm. across), very irregular, coralloid, divided 
 downwards. Flesh very thin, pelliculose. Spores white, "subglobose, 
 apiculate, 5/z" Massee. Lichen covered oak branches. Sept. Rare. 
 
 2173. R. epileucum B. & Br. eTrtXeu/eo?, whitish. 
 R. 5-20 cm., ochrey white, widely effused, adnate. Tubercles pale 
 
 ochraceous, 2-4 mm. long, scattered, cylindrical, fimbriate at the apex, 
 deciduous, brittle. Flesh snow white, very thin, upper portion waxy. 
 Spores white, "cylindrical, slightly curved, 6-7 x 3-3-5/z" Massee. 
 Decorticated wood. Aug. Rare. 
 
 R.fagineum (Pers.) Fr. = Radulum quercinum Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz. 
 R. laetum Fr. = Peniophora incarnata (Pers.) Cke. var. hydnoidea 
 
 (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 R. botrytes Fr. = Corticium comedens (Nees) Fr. sec. Quel. 
 R. aterrimum Fr. = Corticium nigrescens (Schrad.) Fr. sec. Quel. ; 
 
 Eutypa hydnoidea (Fr.) von Hoehn. 
 
 Acia Karst. (=Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. p.p.). 
 
 (d/crf, a point.) 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, effused, waxy, inseparable. Spines subu- 
 late, generally entire, distinct, or connate at the base. Flesh dense. 
 Spores white, elliptical, oblong elliptical, or oblong subelliptical, 
 smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata, with or without sterile basidia 
 (cystidioles). Cystidia none. Growing on wood. 
 
 2174. A. uda (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum udum Fr.) 
 
 Uda, moist. 
 
 R. 5-13 cm., bright sulphur colour, lemon yellow, flesh colour, or 
 olivaceous, becoming watery yellowish, widely effused, adnate, smooth ; 
 margin lemon yellow, pruinose, or fibrillose. Spines concolorous, or 
 yellowish flesh colour, becoming tawny, 1-2 mm. long, subulate, thin, 
 
 41
 
 642 ACIA 
 
 entire, or toothed. Flesh yellowish, white next the matrix, waxy, soft, 
 subgelatinous. Spores white, "elliptical, scarcely depressed on the 
 side, 4-6-5 x 2-3-5 ju,; basidia 9-15-20 x 3-4-5^. Hyphae thin walled, 
 1-5-3-5/x. in diam., emerging as a sterile bundle at the apex of the 
 spines, somewhat broader, 4-5-6 p in diam. and rough with prismatic 
 crystals" Bourd. & G-alz. Smell pleasant, often of anise. Dead 
 branches. Sept. April. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2175. A. denticulata (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum denticulatum 
 (Pers.) Fr.) Denticulata, toothed. 
 
 R. 3-6 cm., light yellow ochraceous, then fawn colour, longitudinally 
 effused, pruinose ; margin narrow, somewhat radiating. Spines bright 
 yellow, then tawny, 2-3 mm. long, subulate, toothed and ciliated in the 
 upper half, crowded. Flesh waxy, membranaceous, thin. Spores 
 white, "oblong elliptical, slightly depressed on the side, 5-6 x 2/t; 
 basidia 12-15 x 3-4/z, accompanied by fusiform, sterile basidia, often 
 crowned by a resinous or oily globule. Hyphae thick walled, 2-3 fj. in 
 diam., forming bundles which divide and give rise to sterile emer- 
 gences along the spines and at their apex" Bourd. & Galz. Smell 
 pleasant, of anise when fresh. Rotten wood, especially alder. June 
 April. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2176. A. stenodon (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 <rTez/o9, narrow; o&wv, a tooth. 
 
 R. 7-5-10 cm., yellowish, effused, adnate; margin white, narrow, 
 byssoid, radially fibrillose, or pubescent. Spines whitish hyaline, then 
 ochraceous, and finally tawny, 1-3 mm. long, thin, crowded, or connate 
 at the base, entire, or fimbriate and ciliate, sometimes branched. 
 Flesh waxy, fleshy, thin. Spores white, "oblong elliptical, depressed 
 on the side, 3-4-5-(6-5) x 1-5-2-75 /a, often 2-guttulate; basidia 9-14- 
 28 x 3-4(-7)/A. Hyphae thin walled, 2-3 /A in diam., prolonged into 
 a sterile point, and enlarged at the apex, 4-6/u, in diam." Bourd. & 
 Galz. Fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Type not yet recorded for Britain. 
 
 var. nodulosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum nodulosum Fr.) 
 
 Nodulosa, nodulose. 
 
 Differs from the type in its nodulose, or tuberculose habit, and its 
 pendant, connate, often compressed, and channelled, 2-5 mm. long spines. 
 Fir, oak, ash stumps, and fallen branches. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2177. A. fusco-atra (Fr.) Pat. (= Hydnum fusco-atrum Fr.; Hydnum 
 Weinmannii Fr. sec. Bres.) Fuscus, dark; atra, black. 
 
 R. 5-15 cm., glaucous, then ferruginous fuscous, widely effused, very 
 adnate, flocculoso-pruinose ; margin white, or greyish, similar or fim- 
 briate. Spines greyish glaucous, or fawn colour, becoming brownish 
 black, apex grey for a long time, 12 mm. long, conico- subulate, acute, 
 entire. Flesh crustaceous, waxy, thin. Spores "faintly coloured, sub-
 
 ACIA. GRANDINIA 643 
 
 elliptical, scarcely depressed on the side, 4-5-6 x 2-3 /LI; basidia 12- 
 24 x 3-5-4-5 ^i, accompanied at the apex of the spines, with fusiform 
 sterile basidia, slightly projecting. Hyphae thin walled, or slightly 
 thickened, 3 4 fj, in diam., with rare clamp connections" Bourd. & 
 Galz. Fallen branches of ash. Nov. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2178. A. membranacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum membrana- 
 ceum Fr. non Bull.) Membranacea, membranaceous. 
 
 R. 37 cm., tawny ferruginous, becoming livid and finally brown, 
 effused, very adnate, smooth; margin similar, attenuate. Spines con- 
 colorous, 1-2 mm. long, subulate, thin, crowded, acute. Flesh waxy 
 membranaceous, thin. Spores white, "oblong subcylindrical, scarcely 
 depressed on the side, 4-5-5 x 2-2-75/x,; basidia 9-24 x 3-5-4-5/x, 
 accompanied by subulate sterile basidia, slightly projecting. Hyphae 
 thin walled, 2-5-4ju, in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Fallen branches of elm, 
 and oak. Sept. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Grandinia (Fr.) Pat. (= Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. p.p.). 
 
 (Grando, hail.) 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, effused, membranaceous, or crustaceous. 
 Tubercles or spines hemispherical, obtuse, or subulate and entire. 
 Spores white, or yellowish, ovoid, elliptical, globose, subglobose, 
 obovate, or oblong; smooth, punctate, verrucose, or echinulate; 
 basidia with 2-8-sterigmata accompanied, or not, with sterile basidia 
 (cystidioles). Cystidia none. Growing on wood. 
 
 *Spores subglobose. 
 fSpores echinulate. 
 
 2179. G. farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum farinaceum 
 (Pers.) Fr.; Hydnum niveum (Pers.) Fr.) Farinacea, mealy. 
 
 R. 213 cm., snow white, then cream, or tan, widely effused, inde- 
 terminate, closely adnate, mealy; margin byssoid, minutely fibrillose, 
 or pruinose. Spines white, 1-2 mm. long, generally crowded, subulate, 
 rarely dentate, sometimes confluent and crested, or granular, very 
 soft, fragile. Flesh white, thin, floccose, or membranaceous, con- 
 taining oxalate crystals. Spores white, minutely echinulate, ovoid, 
 or globose, 3-4/*; basidia 6-12-21 x 3-5 /x, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3- 
 4-5/M long. Hyphae very thin walled, with clamp connections and 
 swollen at the septa. Dead wood, branches, sticks, and leaves. Jan. 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 ffSpores smooth, rarely punctate, or rough. 
 
 2180. G. helvetica (Pers.) Fr. Helvetica, Swiss. 
 R. 2-5 cm., pale yellowish to deep ochraceous when fresh, drying 
 
 alutaceous, or sometimes with a faint greyish tinge, effused, separable, 
 
 412
 
 644 GRANDINIA 
 
 margin reticulately fibrillose. Tubercles yellowish, irregular, sub- 
 globose, soon collapsing, small, pulverulent, crowded. Flesh yellowish, 
 pelliculose, or membranaceous, waxy, thin. Spores yellowish, sub- 
 globose, or obovate, pointed at the base, 3-5-6 x 3-4//,, 1-guttulate; 
 basidia cylindrical, or clavate, 20-35 x 6-9 /t, with 4 slightly curved 
 sterigmata, 3-7 x l^t. Basal hyphae yellowish, 4-8 /z in diam., with 
 occasional clamp connections, often united to form long branching 
 strands. Fallen branches. May Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2181. G. mutabilis (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Grandinia granulosa 
 Pers. sec. Bourd. & Maire.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 141, fig. 2, as 
 Odontia olivascens Bres. Mutabilis, changeable. 
 
 R. 25 cm., chalk white, or cream colour, then glaucous, becoming 
 yellowish, tan, or apple green when dried, effused, adnate, dry, friable ; 
 margin subsimilar, or pruinosely pubescent. Granules concolorous, 
 hemispherical, rarely subcylindrical, scattered, or rather crowded. 
 Flesh yellowish, somewhat waxy, then floccose. Spores white, 
 "smooth, rarely rough with a few scattered warts, 3-5-5-5 x 3-5 fj,; 
 basidia 9-12-21 x 4-5-6-8 p., with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-5 ^ long. Hyphae 
 thin walled, 3-7 /u, in diam., with very rare clamp connections" Bourd. 
 & Galz. Dead wood, and branches. Jan. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Spores oblong, or elliptical. 
 
 2182. G. granulosa Fr. Granulosa, granular. 
 R. 2-12 cm., tan colour, broadly effused, closely adnate; margin 
 
 determinate, smooth. Granules concolorous, hemispherical, equal, 
 crowded. Flesh yellowish, waxy, very thin. Spores white, "oblong, 
 6 x 4/i. Hyphae thick walled, 3-5 \L in diam., dichotomously branched" 
 Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and branches. Oct. May. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2183. G. Brinkmannii (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. 
 vi, text figs. p. 74. W. Brinkmann. 
 
 R. 25 cm., pure white, becoming yellowish with age, effused, very 
 adnate, indeterminate, pruinose, waxy, then dry and chalky; margin 
 pruinose, or minutely fibrillose. Granules concolorous, minute at first, 
 then wart-like, or forming short spines, crowded. Flesh concolorous, 
 loose, sparse, containing numerous crystals of calcium oxalate. Spores 
 white, elliptical, flattened on one side, 4 x 2/x; basidia clavate, 15 x 
 4/x, with 4-6-8 curved sterigmata, 2-3/u, long. Hyphae indistinct, 
 soon collapsing, 4ju, in diam., septate, with clamp connections. Birch 
 bark. Nov. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2184. G. rnucida Fr. (Near Corticium ochraceum Fr. sec. Bres. ex 
 Bourd. & Galz.) Fr. Icon. t. 195, fig. 3. Mucida, mucid. 
 
 R. 2-10 cm., pale yellowish, effused, subinnate, corrugated when
 
 GRANDINIA. ODONTIA 645 
 
 dry ; margin indeterminate, somewhat radiating. Granules concolorous, 
 
 hemispherical, large, unequal, crowded, soft. Flesh yellowish, waxy, 
 
 subgelatinous. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3/z, 1-guttulate. Rotten 
 
 bark, and pine wood. May Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 G. ocellata Fr. = Corticium lividum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Bres. 
 
 G. papillosa Fr. = Odontia papillosa (Fr.) Bres. 
 
 G. crustosa (Pers.) Fr. = Odontia crustosa (Pers.) Quel. 
 
 Odontia (Pers.) Pat. (=Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. p.p.). 
 
 (oSou?, a tooth.) 
 
 Receptacle resupinate, effused, membranaceous, crustaceous, or 
 pruinose, rarely waxy, gelatinous or subcartilaginous. Spines conical, 
 multifid, penicillate, or ciliate. Spores white, elliptical, globose, sub- 
 globose, pip-shaped, oboval, or cylindrical; smooth, rough, muricu- 
 late, or echinulate; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia present. 
 Growing on wood. 
 
 *Waxy membranaceous, gelatinous, or subcartilaginous. 
 
 2185. 0. sudans (A. & S.) Bres. (= Dacryobolus sudans (A. & S.) Fr. ; 
 Porothelium confusum B. & Br. ; Porothelium Stevensonii B. & 
 Br. sec. Wakef.) Sudans, sweating. 
 
 R. 3-10 cm., whitish cream, or pallid, effused, scarcely separable, 
 very smooth; margin similar, byssoid, or mealy. Spines concolorous, 
 granular, cup-shaped, conical, or truncate, short, scattered, bearing 
 at the apex a viscid, resinous, diaphanous, amber yellow globule, rarely 
 terminated by a bundle of cystidia. Flesh yellowish, waxy membrana- 
 ceous. Spores white, "cylindrical, slightly curved, 5-6-8 x 1-1-75 /x; 
 basidia 15-24 x 3-4/A, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 2-3/x, long. Cys- 
 tidia tubular, 0-3-septate, 60-150 x 3-5-5 /u,, emerging in tufts. 
 Hyphae either thick or thin walled, 1-3 fj, in diam., coherent" Bourd. 
 & Galz. Dead conifer branches, and wood. Jan. Dec. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2186. 0. Hollii (Schmidt) Rea. (=Hydnum Hollii (Schmidt) Fr.) 
 
 F. Holl. 
 
 R. 10-90 cm., fuscous lilac, orbicular, then confluent and very 
 widely effused, adnate; margin white. Spines concolorous, 2-4 mm. 
 long, deformed, fasciculate, incised. Flesh concolorous, waxy mem- 
 branaceous, floccose, thin. Decorticated wood. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2187. 0. anomala (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Hydnum anomalum B. & Br.) 
 B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 1438, with fig. 
 
 dva>/j,a\o<;, uneven. 
 R. 4-6 cm., pallid light yellow, effused. Spines concolorous, granular,
 
 646 ODONTIA 
 
 then stipitate and obtusely divided upwards, tough. Flesh concolo- 
 rous, gelatinous, thin. Spores "globose, shortly pedicellate" Massee. 
 Inside of very rotten oak tree. March. Rare. 
 
 2188. 0. aurea (Fr.) Quel. (= Hydnum aureum Fr.) Aurea, golden. 
 R. 5-13 cm., golden, at first nodular, then confluent and irregu- 
 larly effused, adnate, mealy; margin white, becoming violet when dry, 
 radiately strigose. Spines concolorous, apex white, 2 mm. long, seta- 
 ceous, subulate, equal, entire, crowded. Flesh concolorous, subcartilagi- 
 nous, thin. Spores white, "muriculate, subglobose, 4-5 JLI" Massee. 
 Mycelium penetrating the wood, and forming a yellow flesh colour 
 circumscribing zone. Dead branches. Dec. Rare. 
 
 **Membranaceous, floccose, or mealy. 
 
 2189. 0. stipata (Fr.) Quel. (= Hydnum stipatum Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 
 194, fig. 2, as Hydnum stipatum Fr. Stipata, crowded. 
 
 R. 3-8 cm., white, then isabelline, or light yellowish, very widely 
 effused, flocculoso-furfuraceous ; margin similar, sterile, sometimes 
 swollen and tomentose, rarely membranaceous and silky. Spines 
 white, then concolorous, granular, becoming subulate and pointed, 
 minutely toothed, thin, crowded, soft. Flesh concolorous, floccose, thin. 
 Spores white, "oblong, 3-4-6-5 x 2-5-3-4/i; basidia 9-18 x 3-4-6/z, 
 with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3/n long. Cystidia firm, 2-4/z in diam., 
 emerging in tufts. Hyphae thin walled, 1-5-3-5 /A in diam., with 
 clamp connections, intermixed with yellowish, firm, thick walled 
 hyphae which become coloured with eosin" Bourd. & Galz. Stumps 
 and fallen branches of deciduous trees. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2190- 0. barba-Jovis (With.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 328, as Hydnum 
 barba-Jovis. Barba, beard; Jovis, of Jupiter. 
 
 R. 5-20 cm., white, then yellowish, effused, slightly adnate, floccose; 
 margin narrow, byssoid, pubescent. Spines concolorous, 12 mm. long, 
 subulate, with one or many very thin points, more or less bristly on 
 the sides, sometimes with an orange fringe at the apex. Flesh con- 
 colorous, floccose, membranaceous, loose. Spores white, " oboval, or 
 subglobose, obliquely attenuated, or apiculate at the base, 4-7 x 
 3-5-4-5 ju,, often 1-guttulate; basidia 15-24-30 x 4-6/it. Cystidia 
 cylindrical, or narrowly clavate, 60-600 x 4-5-7 /i, generally fascicu- 
 late (often poorly differentiated, with thin walls, 1-2-septate), thick 
 walled at the base, with a narrow channel insensibly enlarged upwards 
 where the walls become thinner. Hyphae thin walled, or scarcely 
 thickened, 2-5-4/i in diam., with clamp connections, and coloured 
 by eosin" Bourd. & Galz. Wood, and branches of conifers. July 
 Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 ODONTIA 647 
 
 2191. 0. limonicolor (B. & Br.) Quel. (= Hydnum limonicolor B. & 
 Br.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 11, fig. 2, as Hydnum Bresadolae Quel. 
 
 Limonicolor, lemon colour. 
 
 R. 3-7 cm., bright lemon yellow, widely and irregularly effused, 
 adnate; margin white, floccose. Spines concolorous, becoming golden 
 when dry, acute, rough on the sides, or somewhat incised, crowded, 
 often oblique. Flesh whitish, floccose, thin. Spores white, "echinu- 
 late, globose, 3/z" Bres. Pine leaves, and larch trunks. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2192. 0. plumosa (Duby) Rea. (= Hydnum plumosum Duby.) 
 
 Plumosa, feathery. 
 
 R. 4-5 cm., snow white, resupinate, tomentose. Spines white, 2 mm. 
 or more long, slender, minutely feathered near the apex, usually crowded. 
 Flesh white, floccose, very delicate. Spores white, "globose, 4-5 JM" 
 Massee. Dead wood, and bark, etc. Rare. 
 
 2193. 0. Stevensonii (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Hydnum Stevensonii B. & 
 Br.) Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist. 
 
 R. 3-8 cm., white, effused, mealy beneath; margin byssoid, or pul- 
 verulent. Spines white, 2-3 mm. long, cylindrical, obtuse, or trun- 
 cate, sometimes compressed, more or less confluent at the base, pul- 
 verulent at the apex, somewhat crowded. Flesh concolorous, floccose, 
 very thin. Spores "white, subglobose, apiculate, 3-4 ju," Massee. 
 Dead wood, leaves, and mosses. March. Rare. 
 
 2194. 0. bicolor (A. & S.) Bres. (= Hydnum bicolor (A. & S.) Fr.; 
 
 Grandinia mucida Fr. of British authors sec. Wakef . ; Hydnum 
 subtile Fr.) Bi-color, two-coloured. 
 
 R. 5-20 cm., white, or whitish, becoming glaucous, then tan colour, 
 widely effused, subtomentose, soft, pruinose, waxy, often cracked at 
 the base of the spines; margin indeterminate, or whitish pruinose. 
 Spines concolorous, apex often brownish red, small, granular, minutely 
 villose, obtuse. Flesh concolorous, floccose, soft. Spores white, "ob- 
 long, scarcely depressed on the side, 4-5-7 x 2-75-4 p,; basidia 10- 
 24 x 3-5 /i, with 2-4-sterigmata, 4-5/1- long. Cystidia with a globose 
 head, 8-15/x, in diam., thin walled, contents becoming yellowish, and 
 often crowned by radiate twin crystals. Hyphae of the subiculum 
 2 3/A in diam., in the axis of the spines amber coloured, fasciculate, 
 agglutinated together by a resinous substance, and ending at the 
 apex of the spines in an oil coloured tuft" Bourd. & Galz. Firs, and 
 brambles. Oct. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2195. 0. papillosa (Fr.) Bres. (= Grandinia papillosa Fr.) 
 
 Papillosa, having nipples. 
 
 R. 2-5-5 cm., milk white, or yellowish, effused, separating when 
 entire, very much cracked; margin white, very thin, pubescent, or
 
 648 ODONTIA 
 
 pruinose. Spines concolorous, granular, subhemispherical, equal, be- 
 coming subulate, thin, small, very crowded. Flesh concolorous, mem- 
 branaceous, floccose, firm. Spores white, "oblong, subcylindrical, de- 
 pressed on the side, 4-5-6 x 2-2-75 ju,; basidia 10-20 x 3-4-5/u., with 
 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4-5 /x long, accompanied by subulate, sterile basidia, 
 sometimes capped with oxalate, and with numerous smooth, or rough 
 paraphysis-like hyphae forming a tuft at the apex of the spines. 
 Hyphae with walls slightly thickened, firm, with clamp connections; 
 subhymenial hyphae denser, 3 4-5/A in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Fallen 
 oak, beech, and fir branches. July Nov. Rare. 
 
 2196. 0. arguta (Fr.) Quel. (= Hydnum argutum Fr. ; ? Radulum 
 tomentosum Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Arguta, sharp. 
 
 R. 3-6 cm., white, then yellowish, effused, tomentose, or minutely 
 pubescent, slightly adnate, finally minutely cracked; margin similar, 
 or floccose. Spines white, then ochraceous, 1-2 mm. long, granular, 
 pubescent, then cylindrical, or subulate, sometimes connate at the 
 base, apex penicillate. Flesh concolorous, floccose, firm, thin. Spores 
 white, "oboval, 4-6 x 3-5/A, often 1-guttulate; basidia 10-15-18 x 
 3-4-6/i. Cystidia fusiform, or capitate, crowned, or not, by an oil 
 globule, 7-9 /A in diam. Hyphae thin walled, or slightly thickened, 
 2-4 p. in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Trunks, 
 stumps, and fallen branches. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. alutacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum alutaceum Fr.) 
 
 Alutacea, tanned leather. 
 
 Differs from the type in its deeper ochraceous tan colour, and the 
 stouter spines. Pines. Aug. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2197. 0. spathulata (Schwein.) Rea. (= Hydnum spathulatum (Schwein.) 
 Fr.) <T7rd0r), a broad blade. 
 
 R. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, becoming yellow, effused, separable, ad- 
 pressedly villose beneath ; margin involute, fimbriate. Spines brick red, 
 or orange, 2-4 mm. long, spathulate, oblique, sometimes flattened, 
 acicular. Flesh concolorous, membranaceous, thin. Spores "white, 
 broadly elliptical, apiculate, 8 x 5/u," Massee. Dead Robinia wood. 
 Jan. Dec. Rare. 
 
 2198. 0. multiformis (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Hydnum multiforme B. & 
 Br.) Multiformis, many shaped. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm., ochrey white, effused, inseparable, becoming cracked 
 when dry; margin indeterminate, thin. Spines pallid, 2-4 mm. long, 
 very acute, becoming fimbriate, crowded. Flesh concolorous, floccose, 
 thin. Spores white, "subglobose, or very broadly pip-shaped, ob- 
 liquely apiculate, 9 x 6-7 /i" Massee. Dead wood. Rare.
 
 ODONTIA 649 
 
 2199. 0. mollusca (Fr.) Rea. (= Hydnum molluscum Fr.) 
 
 Mollusca, soft. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm., whitish, effused, easily separable, dry. Spines reddish, 
 short, slender. Flesh white, membranaceous, thin. Wood. Rare. 
 
 2200. 0. sulphurea (Schwein.) Rea. (= Hydnum sulphureum Schwein.) 
 
 Sulphurea, sulphur yellow. 
 
 R. 10cm., sulphur yellow, effused, adnate; margin paler, byssoid, 
 sterile. Spines concolorous, subulate, minute, few. Flesh membrana- 
 ceous, thin. Dead birch wood. Rare. 
 
 ***Waxy crustaceous, very adnate. 
 
 2201. 0. crastosa (Pers.) Quel. (= Grandinia crustosa (Pers.) Fr.) 
 
 Crustosa, having a crust. 
 
 R. 5-15 cm., whitish cream colour, then yellowish, or tan colour, 
 effused, adnate, finally cracked and minutely areolate ; margin white, 
 distinct, narrow, pruinose, or minutely pubescent. Spines concolorous, 
 granular, short, pointed, or obtuse, scattered, or somewhat crowded. 
 Flesh concolorous, crustaceous, thin. Spores white, "oblong, subcylin- 
 drical, depressed on the side, 4-5-6-8 x 2-4: fj,; basidia 12-21-30 x 
 3-4-6jU,, accompanied by numerous fusiform, or subulate cystidioles, 
 3-4-6/A in diam., sometimes branched, slightly projecting. Hyphae 
 thin walled, 1-5-4 /A in diam., with rather rare clamp connections" 
 Bourd. & G-alz. Fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2202. 0. cristulata Fr. (= Peniophora setigera Bres. sec. Bourd. & 
 Maire.) Cristulata, crested. 
 
 R. 514 cm., pale, or rosy flesh colour, widely effused, adnate, 
 mealy; margin white, narrowly byssoid, pubescent, or mealy. Spines 
 concolorous, or reddish brown, short, crowded, or confluent and crested ; 
 apex penicillate, pointed. Flesh white, somewhat waxy, then crusta- 
 ceous, thin. Spores white, "cylindrical, slightly depressed on the side, 
 8-10 x 3-5-4 //,; basidia 25-32 x 4-5-7 /x, contents granular. Cystidia 
 fasciculate, cylindrical, 4-5/u, in diam., 1-2-septate, with, or without 
 clamp connections. Hyphae thin walled, 3 6/A in diam., with clamp 
 connections " Bourd. & Galz. Birch branches. Feb. Rare. 
 
 2203. 0. mellea (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Hydnum melleum B. & Br.) 
 
 Mellea, honey colour. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm., honey colour, effused, pulverulent', margin minutely 
 byssoid. Spines concolorous, 1-2 mm. long, acute, sometimes divided 
 at the apex, pulverulent downwards, naked at the middle. Flesh 
 crustaceous, thin. Spores white, "cylindrical, 7-10 x 2-5/i" Massee. 
 Fallen rails. Rare.
 
 650 ODONTIA. KNEIFFIA. HYDNOPSIS 
 
 2204. 0. sepulta (B. & Br.) Kea. (= Hydnum sepultum B. & Br.) 
 
 Sepulta, buried. 
 
 R. 3-15 mm., golden yellow, resupinate, forming little, scattered 
 patches; margin white. Spines concolorous, 1-2 mm. long, acute. 
 Flesh very thin. Spores white, "globose, 5/x" Massee. Stones buried 
 among pine leaves. Sept. Rare. 
 
 2205. 0. alliacea Weinm. Alliacea, of garlic. 
 R. 3-10 cm., white, translucid, becoming pale, or cinereous, broadly 
 
 effused, incrusting; margin silky. Spines concolorous, 1-2 mm. long, 
 with some shorter ones, incised, villose. Flesh concolorous, crusta- 
 ceous, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x 2|u; 
 basidia with 2-sterigmata. Smell faint, of garlic. Lichens on trees, 
 and dead branches. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2206. 0. Proni Lasch. Pruni, of plums. 
 R. white, becoming pallid, effused, adnate ; margin byssoid. Spines 
 
 white, granular, minute, rounded, apex penicillate. Flesh concolorous, 
 crustaceous, thin. On Prunus spinosa. Rare. 
 
 Eneiffia Fr. 
 
 (Friederich Gotthard Kneiff, a German mycologist.) 
 
 Receptacle subgelatinous, effused. Spines or granules, scattered, 
 minute, sterile. Spores white, elliptical, smooth. Growing on wood. 
 
 2207. K. subgelatinosa B. & Br. Subgelatinosa, somewhat gelatinous. 
 R. 10 cm., yellowish, then cream colour, broadly effused. Spines 
 
 concolorous, granular, minute, scattered, subgelatinous, fringed at the 
 apex. Flesh concolorous, subgelatinous, thin. Spores white, "broadly 
 elliptical, apiculate, 4 x 2-5 /LI" Massee. Fir stumps. April. Rare. 
 
 K. setigera Fr. = Peniophora setigera (Fr.) Bres. 
 
 Hydnopsis (Schroet.) Rea. 
 (vSvov, the genus Hydnum; otyis, like.) 
 
 Receptacle floccose, resupinate, effused. Spines subulate, acute. 
 Spores coloured, elliptical, smooth. Growing on dead leaves, and on 
 the ground. 
 
 2208. H. farinacea Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 7. 
 
 Farinacea, mealy. 
 
 R. 2-5-6 mm., white, effused, adnate. Spines white, then wood 
 colour, and finally umber, 1 mm. long, subulate, acute, thin, sub- 
 distant. Flesh white, floccose, thin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 6-7 x 
 3-4/Lt, 1-3-guttulate. Dead fallen beech leaves, and on the ground. 
 May. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CALDESIELLA. PHYLACTERIA 651 
 
 Caldesiella Sacc. (=Hydnum (Linn.) Fr.). 
 (L. Caldesi, an Italian botanist.) 
 
 Receptacle fioccose, soft, resupinate. Spines conical, soft, villose, 
 fimbriate at the apex. Spores coloured, globose, verrucose, or echinulate; 
 basidia clavate, with 2 4-sterigmata. Growing on wood. 
 
 2209. C. crinalis (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum crinale Fr.; 
 Hydnum ferrugineum Auct. pi. non Fr. nee Karst. ; Odontia 
 barba-Jovis Pat. Tab. Anal. f. 247; Caldesiella ferruginosa Sacc. 
 sec. Bres., as Odontia crinalis (Fr.) Bres.) Pers. Myc. Eur. n, 
 t. 17, fig. 3, as Hydnum castaneum Pers. var. fuscum Pers. 
 
 Crinalis, hairy. 
 
 R. 510 cm., tawny ferruginous, effused, separable, tomentose. Spines 
 concolorous, subulate, conical, acute, straight, or oblique, often some- 
 what compressed, tomentose, crowded. Flesh concolorous, floccose, lax. 
 Spores deep brown, echinulate, globose, 8-9 //,. Decayed wood espe- 
 cially under the bark. July Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2210. C. italica Sacc. Italica, Italian. 
 R. 2-10 cm., fuliginous, widely effused, incrusting, resupinate. 
 
 Spines concolorous, becoming olivaceous with the snuff-coloured spores, 
 1-1'5 mm. long, '5-1 mm. thick, cylindrical, obtuse, often com- 
 pressed, crowded, pruinose. Flesh concolorous, floccose, thick. Spores 
 snuff-coloured in the mass, olivaceous-hyaline under the microscope, 
 obtusely verrucose, angularly globose, 8-9 x 8/4 ; basidia clavate with 
 2 4-sterigmata. Basal hyphae concolorous, thick walled, 6 8/j, in 
 diam., septate, with clamp connections. Birch stumps. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2211. C. viridis (A. & S.) Pat. (= Hydnum viride (A. & S.) Fr.) Boud. 
 Icon. t. 170, as Odontia viridis (A. & S.) Quel. Viridis, green. 
 
 R. 525 cm., white, then indigo blue, soon greenish, and at length 
 yellowish, broadly effused, tomentose; margin white, membranaceous, 
 thin. Spines indigo blue, then greenish, 12 mm. long, cylindrical, 
 irregular, obtusely divided at the apex, often crowned with white 
 hairs. Flesh concolorous, fioccose, thin. Spores indigo blue, verrucose, 
 globose, 4-5/A. Rotten wood. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Phylacteria (Pers.) Pat. (= Thelephora (Ehrh.) Fr. p.p.). 
 
 ((f)v\aKTr)piov, an amulet.) 
 
 Receptacle fibrous, or coriaceous, pileate, stipitate, sessile, or re- 
 supinate, entire, or laciniate, destitute of a pellicle. Stem central, 
 lateral, or none, confluent with the pileus. Flesh coloured. Hymenium 
 inferior or amphigenous, smooth, faintly ribbed, or papillose. Spores 
 coloured, elliptical, globose, subglobose, or angular, verrucose, or
 
 652 PHYLACTERIA 
 
 echinulate; basidia with 2-^t-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on 
 the ground, or on wood. 
 
 I. Erect with usually a central st. 
 
 *P. divided into very narrow, branching, flattened, 
 
 or cylindrical divisions. 
 
 2212. P. palmate (Scop.) Pat. (= Thelephora palmata (Scop.) Fr.) 
 Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 46, as Merisma foetidum Pers. 
 
 Palmata, having the shape of a hand. 
 
 R. 2-6 cm. high, 1-3 cm. broad, fuscous purple, apex whitish, fim- 
 briate, very much divided into palmate, flattened, subfastigiate, even, 
 flattened branches, dilated upwards. St. 1-1-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., con- 
 color -ous, simple, or branched. Hymenium amphigenous. Flesh con- 
 colorous, coriaceous, soft. Spores fuscous purple in the mass, pale 
 umber under the microscope, echinulate, globose, 8-9 fi. Smell very 
 foetid. Woods, especially of conifers. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2213. P. anthocephala (Bull.) Pat. (= Thelephora anthocephala (Bull.) 
 Fr.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 17, fig. 4, as Thekphora antho- 
 cephala. avOos, a flower; K<f>a\r), head. 
 
 E. 2-5 cm. high, 1-3 cm. broad, somewhat ferruginous, becoming 
 fuscous, apex whitish, fimbriate, divided down to the stem into flaps 
 which are dilated upwards, or into irregular branched erect branches, 
 pubescent. St. -5-1-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., concolorous, simple, equal, 
 villose. Hymenium even. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous, soft. Spores 
 purplish in the mass, pale umber under the microscope, echinulate, 
 globose, or broadly elliptical, 6-8x6ju,, 1-2-guttulate. Woods. Aug. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2214. P. clavularis (Fr.) Big. & Guill. (= Thelephora clavularis Fr.) 
 Fr. Icon. t. 196, fig. 3, as Thelephora clavularis Fr. 
 
 Clavularis, a little nail. 
 
 R. 2-5-4 cm. high, 1-3 cm. broad, rufous fuscous, apex whitish, 
 acute, divided down to the st. into round, attenuate, even, delicately 
 pruinose branches. St. -5-1-5 cm. x 1-3 mm., concolorous, base some- 
 what tuberous. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous, soft. Spores reddish 
 purple in the mass, echinulate, subglobose, 6-7 x 6/z,. Woods. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **P. more or less infundibuliform, cup-shaped, or flabelliform, 
 often splitting into lobes, or divisions. 
 
 2215. P. caryophyllea (Schaefl.) Pat. (= Thekphora caryophylka 
 (Schaeff.) Fr.) Schaeff. Icon. t. 325, as Helvetia caryophyllea 
 Schaeff. icdpvov, a nut; $>v\\ov, a leaf. 
 
 R. 1-5-4 cm. high, 1-5-5 cm. broad, fuscous purple, becoming wood 
 brown when dried, infundibuliform, cup-shaped; margin lobed, or
 
 PHYLACTERIA 653 
 
 incised, often broken up into wedge-shaped, imbricate branches, or 
 segments, fibrillosely torn, often radiately rugose, or striate, obsoletely 
 zoned when moist. St. -5-1 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, simple, or 
 branched, equal, villose. Hymenium inferior, even. Flesh concolorous, 
 or paler, subcoriaceous. Spores purple in the mass, pale umber under 
 the microscope, verrucose, globose, 6-7 /A. Woods, especially under 
 conifers. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 II. Dimidiate, horizontal, subsessile, or effuso-reflexed. 
 
 2216. P. intybacea (Pers.) Pat. (= Thelephora intybacea (Pers.) Fr.) 
 Bull. Champ. Fr. t. 278, as Thelephora intybacea. 
 
 evrvftov, chicory. 
 
 R. 2 4 cm., whitish, then rufous ferruginous, at length fuliginous', 
 margin whitish fimbriate at first, then concolorous, dimidiate, con- 
 fluent, imbricate, fibrous, the fibrils often agglutinated into adpressed, 
 adnate squamules; margin dilated. St. short, sublateral, often con- 
 fluent. Hymenium concolorous, inferior, papillose. Flesh firm, fibril- 
 lose, 1 mm. thick. Spores deep ochraceous, verrucosely echinulate, 
 subglobose, or elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 /it, with a large central gutta. 
 Caespitose. Pine wood, and bare soil. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2217. P. terrestris (Ehrh.) Big. & Quill. (= Thelephora terrestris 
 (Ehrh.) Fr. ; Thelephora laciniata (Pers.) Fr.) Holland, Champ, 
 t. 101, no. 224. Terrestris, pertaining to the earth. 
 
 R. 35 cm., ferruginous fuscous, or fuscous, often becoming black 
 with age, dimidiate, sessile, or effuso-reflexed, laterally confluent, 
 often imbricate, fibrillosely scaly, strigose ; margin fimbriate, laciniate. 
 Hymenium/wscows, or pale fawn, inferior, papillose. Flesh concolorous, 
 coriaceous, fibrillose, soft, 1 mm. thick. Spores fuscous, verrucose, 
 angularly globose, 8-9 x 6-8/x. Woods, and heaths. July Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 P. biennis (Fr.) Big. & Guill. = Hypochnus umbrinus (Fr.) Quel. 
 
 2218. P. atra (Weinm.) Rea. (= Thelephora atra Weinm.) 
 
 Atra, black. 
 
 P. 58 cm., black, becoming fuliginous, imbricate, arising from a 
 tuberous base, deformed, somewhat lobed, sessile, attenuated at the 
 base; margin at first white, fimbriate. Hymenium black, white 
 pruinose, smooth, setulose. Caespitose. Dead logs. Rare. 
 
 2219. P. mollissima (Pers.) Rea. (= Thelephora mollissima (Pers.) 
 Fr.; Phylacteria spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire.) Berk. Outl. 
 Brit. Fung. t. 17, fig. 5, as Thelephora mollissima. 
 
 Mollissima, very soft. 
 
 R. 2-4 cm., whitish, becoming brownish, broadly effused, con- 
 tinuous, or effuso-reflexed, forming flaps, subtomentose. Hymenium
 
 654 PHYLACTERIA. HYPOCHNUS 
 
 fuscous purple, inferior, smooth, even. Flesh concolorous, soft, thin. 
 Spores brownish purple, warted, subglobose, 7-8/n. Woods. Aug. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 III. Resupinate, and incrusting. 
 
 2220. P. spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire. (=Thelephora spiculosa (Fr.) 
 Burt.) Pers. Syn. Fung. t. 3, fig. 16, as Merisma penicillatum. 
 
 Spiculosa, having little sharp points. 
 
 R. 2-15 cm., fuscous purple, whitish at the apex of the spicules, 
 effused, incrusting; margin ramoso-spiculose, tips penicillate. Hy- 
 menium concolorous, even or slightly rugose. Flesh floccose, 1 mm. 
 thick. Spores umber, echinulate, irregularly globose, or elliptical, 
 7-9 x 6-7 /i. Running over twigs, and dead leaves. Aug. Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Hypochnus (Fr.) Karst. (= Tomentella (Pers.) Pat.). 
 
 (UTTO, under; ^1/009, fine down.) 
 
 Receptacle floccose, or felt-like, resupinate, effused. Hymenium 
 smooth, or papillose. Flesh coloured, soft, loose. Spores coloured, 
 rough, verrucose, or echinulate ; globose, subglobose, elliptical, ovoid, 
 or angular; basidia sometimes in scattered clusters, with 2 4-sterig- 
 mata. Growing on wood, mosses, or on the ground. 
 
 2221. H. ferrugineus (Pers.) Fr. Ferrugineus, iron rust colour. 
 R. 2-6 cm., ferruginous, effused, adnate, often suborbicular, dry, 
 
 tomentose, hypochnoid. Hymenium concolorous, "Sudan-brown" 
 when dry. Flesh concolorous, loose, thin. Spores concolorous, echinu- 
 late, subglobose, 7-lOju., with numerous hyaline spines. Basal 
 hyphae, 5-8/x. wide, septa with clamp connections. Decaying wood, 
 and bark of deciduous trees. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2222. H. umbrinus (Fr.) Quel. (= Thekphora Uennis Fr.) 
 
 Umbrinus, umber. 
 
 R. 3-10 cm., brown, with more or less of a vinaceous tint (varying 
 from drab to fuscous and " Chaetura-drab " of Ridgway), effused, soft, 
 separable; subiculum warm sepia, villose. Hymenium concolorous, 
 membranaceous, compact. Flesh concolorous, dense. Spores fuscous, 
 or dark brown, aculeate, or coarsely verrucose, globose, or subglobose, 
 6-8 JJL, or 6-8 x 5-7 p,; basidia brownish, clavate, with 4-sterigmata. 
 Hyphae brown, thick walled, 4-5/n in diam., septate, without clamp 
 connections. Dead wood. Oct. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2223. H. fuscus (Pers.) Fr. (= Corticium fuscum (Pers.) Fr.) 
 
 Fuscus, dark. 
 R. 2-10 cm., subfuscous, cinnamon, or brown, somewhat vinaceous
 
 HYPOCHNUS 655 
 
 in colour, effused, separable. Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh 
 concolorous, membranaceous, loose, thin. Spores reddish brown, 
 echinulate, subglobose, or broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 /z. Hyphae 
 with numerous clamp connections, 5-6 fj, in diam. Eotten wood, and 
 fallen branches. Sept. June. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2224. H. subfuscus Karst. Subfuscus, somewhat dark. 
 R. 1-4 cm., dark purplish brown, between Ridgway's "Natal Brown" 
 
 and "Bone Brown" effused; margin concolorous. Hymenium con- 
 colorous, pulverulent, mould-like. Spores sepia, aculeate, globose, 
 8-9 /A without the hyaline spines, spines acute, 1-2 /u, long; basidia 
 clavate, 10-12/z in diam., with 24 curved sterigmata. Subhymenial 
 hyphae pale, 5-7 /z in diam. Basal hyphae brown, 7-8/z in diam., 
 thick walled, straight, with branches at right angles, sometimes 
 slightly incrusted, with clamp connections. Bark of fallen logs. 
 Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2225. H. granulosus (Peck) Burt. (= Grandinia tabacina Cke. & Ell.) 
 Burt, Theleph. of North Am. vi, Hypochnus, text-fig, p. 219. 
 
 Granulosus, granular. 
 
 R. 2-4 x 1-2 cm., sepia, effused, thin, membranaceous, granular, 
 separable; margin somewhat radiate, concolorous. Spores concolorous 
 with the hyphae, aculeate, angular-subglobose, the body about 6/z in 
 diam. Flesh concolorous or paler, loose. Hyphae yellowish under the 
 microscope, loosely interwoven, 2-5-4/u, in diam., thin walled, occasion- 
 ally with clamp connections, forming near the substratum some 
 rope-like mycelial strands up to 15/z in diam. Pine sticks and rotten 
 bark and wood of frondose trees. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2226. H. puniceus (A. & S.) Sacc. (= Corticium (Hypochnus) puni- 
 ceum (A. & S.) Fr.) Puniceus, reddish. 
 
 R. 1-3 cm., dull red, vaguely effused, mould-like; margin similar. 
 Hymenium concolorous, minutely granular, loose and pulverulent 
 under a lens. Flesh pale, fibrillose, loose, very thin. Spores dull red- 
 dish, with short spines, subglobose, 8-9-5/z, 7-5-8/z without the 
 spines ; basidia clavate, 40-50 x 8/z, with 2-4 stout curved sterigmata, 
 58 x 2-5-3/Li. Subhymenial hyphae hyaline, or pale coloured, 3'5- 
 5/x, wavy, much branched, with clamp connections. Decorticated 
 pine-wood. July Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2227. H. isabellinus Fr. (= Corticium isabellinum Fr.) Fr. Obs. Myc. 
 n, t. 6, fig. 3. Isabellinus, dirty yellowish. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm., pale "Isabella colour" of Ridgway, or deep olive buff to 
 dark olive buff, effused, adnate, inseparable, tomentose', margin con- 
 colorous, thinner. Hymenium concolorous, loose, pulverulent. Flesh 
 concolorous, loose, thin. Spores isabelline, echinulate, globose, 7-9 /x
 
 656 HYPOCHNUS 
 
 without the spines. Hyphae concolorous, thick walled, branched at 
 right angles, 8-14/z in diam., without clamp connections. Rotten 
 wood, and bark. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2228. H. cyaneus Wakef. KVCLVOS, dark blue. 
 R. 1-3 cm., deep dull violaceous blue, through "Eton blue" to glaucous 
 
 green, becoming dull greyish green or yellow in parts when dried, 
 effused, easily separable, tomentose; margin concolorous, arachnoid. 
 Hymenium concolorous, floccose. Flesh concolorous, paler, thin. Spores 
 dull bluish, minutely and sparsely aculeate, elliptical, depressed on 
 one side, 5-8 x 4/u,; basidia hyaline, elongate-clavate, 30-40 x 1p, 
 with 2-4-sterigmata. Basal hyphae slightly tinged bluish, 1-3/i in 
 diam., here and there incrusted, without clamp connections. Potas- 
 sium hydrate solution takes away the colour of the spores but turns 
 the other parts greenish when fresh; when dried, the hyphae and 
 spores become a dull violet colour. Wet rotten coniferous logs. Oct. 
 Rare. 
 
 2229. H. cinerascens Karst. Cinerascens, becoming ash colour. 
 R. 23 cm., drab grey, to pale drab, indefinitely effused, adnate, 
 
 separable; margin concolorous, or whitish. Hymenium concolorous, 
 loose. Flesh very thin, loose. Spores grey-brown, with minute spines, 
 angularly subglobose, 6-7 x 5-6 /a; basidia hyaline, cylindric-clavate, 
 40 x 6 fji, with 2 4-sterigmata. Subhy menial and basal hyphae 
 hyaline, 3-4 p, in diam., much branched, frequently septate with clamp 
 connections. Bark. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 2230. H.caesius(Pers.) Wakef. (=Thekphora caesia (Pers.)Fr.) Pers. 
 Obs. i, t. 3, fig. 6, as Corticium caesium. Caesius, bluish grey. 
 
 R. 3-10 cm., cinereous-bluish-grey, or brownish bistre, effused, sub- 
 orbicular, determinate, tomentose. Hymenium concolorous, becoming 
 paler, even, minutely pubescent. Flesh brownish, soft, thin. Spores 
 hyaline, then lilac bistre, and finally brownish, spinulose, subglobose, 
 7-8/x. Wood, twigs, mosses, and on the ground. Aug. Nov. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2231. H. botryoides (Schwein.) Burt. 
 
 /3oTpu<?, a bunch of grapes; e'So?, like. 
 
 R. 15 cm., yellow-brown (ochraceous-tawny to "Buckthorn-brown " of 
 Ridgway), effused, separable; margin much paler, brownish, floccose. 
 Hymenium fuscous, finely granular, forming a delicate pellicle. Flesh 
 pale brown, very soft, loose. Spores fuscous, aculeate, angularly sub- 
 globose, spore body 6 x 5-5/u,; basidia clavate, 30-35 x 6/i, with 
 4-sterigmata. Basal hyphae yellow-brown, 3 4/A in diam., often 
 united to form long slender strands, with clamp connections. "Po- 
 tassium hydrate turns microscopic sections of the hymenium imme- 
 diately blue green" Burt. Bark. Sept. Oct. Uncommon.
 
 HYPOCHNUS 657 
 
 2232. H. crustaceus (Schum.) Karst. (= Thelephora Crustacea (Schum.) 
 Fr. ; Phylacteria spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire sec. von Hoehn. & 
 Litsch.) Fl. Dan. t. 1851, fig. 2. Crustaceus, having a bark. 
 
 R. 2 8 cm., fuscous umber, broadly effused, incrusting; margin 
 whitish, or black, fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, irregularly papil- 
 lose. Flesh brownish, soft, floccose, thin. Spores brown, verrucose, 
 globose, 8-lOjU,. Hyphae brown. Bare soil, and running over grass, 
 leaves, and twigs. Feb. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2233. H. zygodesmoides (EUis) Burt. 
 
 fryoSea-fAOv, a yoke-band; etSo?, like. 
 
 R. 2-3 cm., pinkish, to vinaceous-buff, often with rusty stains, 
 broadly effused, easily separable, soft; margin " Sayal" to "snuff- 
 brown," narrow, byssoid. Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh pale 
 brown, arachnoid, membranaceous, floccose. Spores pale, or with a 
 slight tinge of buff in the mass, very pale straw colour to almost 
 hyaline under the microscope, with fairly long, blunt spines, elliptical 
 to subglobose, spore body 5-7 x 4-6 fi; basidia cylindric clavate, 
 40 x 6-8 /a, with 4-sterigmata, 4-7 ju, long. Basal hyphae pale brown, 
 little branched, and infrequently septate, 4-6/A in diam. Rotten 
 bark. Sept. Uncommon. 
 
 2234. H. echinosporus (Ellis) Burt. (= Corticium echinosporum Ellis; 
 Hypochnus mollis Fr. var. pellicula Fr.; Hypochnus pellicula 
 Bres.) e^ti/o?, hedge-hog; a-Tropd, seed. 
 
 R. 24 cm., sulphur yellow, or rose pink, indefinitely effused, very 
 delicate, membranaceous, separable; margin whitish, or concolorous, 
 very thin, indefinite, occasionally with very fine, white hyphal strands 
 spreading over the subiculum. Hymenium pale clear sulphur yellow, 
 becoming spotted ivith brown when old, or dull rose pink, occasionally 
 with a very faint lilac tinge, and with darker reddish, or brownish stains, 
 forming a fine pulverulent pellicle. Flesh concolorous, arachnoid, soft, 
 thin, loose. Spores hyaline, or pale straw colour, contents sometimes 
 golden yellow, or rosy, echinulate, subglobose, or in lateral view 
 broadly elliptical, 5-7 x 4-6 //,; basidia cylindrical to clavate, 20- 
 30 x 6-8 /A, with 2-4-sterigmata, slightly curved, 3-5-5 x 1-1-5/4. 
 Basal hyphae hyaline, or very faintly coloured, 2-5-5/x, in diam., 
 branched, septate. Rotten wood. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2235. H. roseo-griseus Wakef. & Pearson. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, 
 text-figs, p. 141. Roseus, rosy; griseus, grey. 
 
 R. 38 cm., "light vinaceous fawn" and "cinnamon drab" of Ridg- 
 way, with a paler "drab-grey" margin, becoming like H. fuscus, but 
 paler with a greyish bloom, greyish white to dirty buff when quite 
 young, effused, pelliculose, or membranaceous, easily separable; 
 margin somewhat radiating, grey. Hymenium pale greyish vinaceous, 
 R. B. B. 42
 
 658 HYPOCHNUS 
 
 pulverulent. Flesh pale, thin, soft. Spores hyaline, or pale straw colour, 
 coarsely verrucose, angularly-subglobose, 7-9 /t, often 1-guttulate ; 
 basidia subhyaline, clavate, 40-55 x 7-10//,, 2-4-sterigmata, 7-9 fj, 
 long. Subhymenial hyphae subhyaline; basal hyphae greyish, scarcely 
 branched, septate, 2-5-3 /it in diam., without clamp connections. Bark, 
 wood, etc., especially pine. Oct. Jan. Common. 
 
 var. lavandulaceus Pears. Lavandulaceus, lavender coloured. 
 
 Differs from the type only in the greyish lavender colour of the 
 hymenium without a trace of pink. Ground in woods under Castanea 
 saliva. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2236. H. fumosus Fr. (= Corticium fumosum Fr.; Corticium sul- 
 phureum (Pers.) Bres. ; Phlebia vaga Fr. ; Coniopfiora sulfurea 
 (Pers.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 198, fig. 3, as Corticium fumosum Fr. 
 
 Fumosus, smoky. 
 
 E. 3-10 cm., pale, yellow, tawny, cinnamon, grey, drab, brownish or 
 fuscous, effused, membranaceous, arachnoid, separable, more or less 
 overrun with intricate, branching, anastomosing threads; margin 
 bright yellow, becoming whitish, byssoid, fibrillose. Hymenium con- 
 colorous, granular, or reticulately veined. Flesh pale, or slightly 
 cinereous, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, or brownish, minutely 
 echinulate, ovoid, or globose, 3-7 x 3-5/x. Hyphae longitudinally 
 interwoven, occasionally with clamp connections, thin walled, hyaline, 
 or slightly smoky, 2-5-3-5/i in diam. Dead wood, branches, and twigs. 
 Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2237. H. sphaerosporus R. Maire. (= Corticium sphaerosporum (R. 
 Maire) von Hoehn. & Litsch.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. Beit, zur 
 Kennt. der Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch. 
 Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. Bd. cxvn (1908), 1106, and reprint 26, 
 text-fig. 5. crtyaipa, a ball; cnropd, seed. 
 
 R. 1-2 cm., chalk white or snow white, becoming yellowish in the 
 centre, effused, arachnoid, and porous under a lens; margin similar 
 or fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, mealy, or granular. Flesh con- 
 colorous, thin, floccose. Spores hyaline, coarsely and minutely warted, 
 globose, or angularly-globose, 3-6 x 2-5-4/z, (mostly 4-5 x 4jii), 1- 
 guttulate; basidia clavate or pyriform, 8-15 x 4-6 p, with 2-4- 
 sterigmata 2-5 /A long. Hyphae hyaline, 2-4/i in diam., thin walled, 
 with clamp connections, basal hyphae often forming rhizoidal strands, 
 and inclosing acicular, or fusiform crystals of oxalate of lime, 10-25/i 
 long. Beech logs and on bare soil. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2238. H. submutabilis (von Hoehn. & Litsch.) Rea. (= Corticium sub- 
 mutabile von Hoehn. & Litsch.) Submutabilis, changeable. 
 
 R. 1-3 cm., dirty whitish to yellowish, effused, irregular; margin
 
 HYPOCHNELLA. JAAPIA 659 
 
 similar. Hymenium concolorous, very loose, pulverulent. Spores 
 hyaline, rough with short conical warts, subglobose, broadly elliptical 
 or oval and flattened on one side, attenuated at the base, 2-3-5 /u, 
 in diam., or 2-3-5 x 2-2-5/z, usually 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 
 8-16 x 4-6 JM, with 2-4 thin, pointed sterigmata 1-5-3 /x long. Hyphae 
 hyaline, 1-3/x, in diam., thin walled, septate-nodulose, rarely distinct 
 (no clamp connections observed). Pine stick. Sept. Kare. 
 
 Hypochnella Schroet. 
 (Hypochnella, diminutive of Hypochnus.) 
 
 Same characters as Hypochnus but differing in the smooth, ellip- 
 tical, violet spores. Growing on wood. 
 
 2239. H. violacea (Awd.) Schroet. Violacea, violet. 
 R. 210 cm., rich lilac colour, becoming darker and duller when dry, 
 
 irregularly effused. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Flesh bluish, 
 very thin, floccose, loose. Spores deep violet, elliptical, with a lateral 
 basal apiculus, 7-9 x 3-4/A; basidia hyaline, or faintly coloured, 
 cylindric-clavate, 20-25 x 8-9 /z; paraphyses obtuse, 10-12 x 6-7 p, 
 often with a few crystals on the external walls. Subhymenial hyphae 
 very faintly coloured, often slightly incrusted with small rounded 
 crystals; basal hyphae pale lilac, 6-9 ju, in diam. Underside of fallen 
 branches. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Jaapia Bres. 
 (Otto Jaap.) 
 
 Resupinate, effused, immarginate, flocculose-pulverulent, with 
 the habit of some Corticia or of a pale Hypochnus. Spores straw 
 coloured, subelliptical, hyaline-appendiculate. 
 
 2240. J. argillacea Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 320. 
 
 Argillacea, clay coloured. 
 
 R. 1 cm., clay coloured, irregularly effused, flocculose, sometimes 
 with scattered granules. Hymenium concolorous, loose, then more 
 continuous. Flesh concolorous, very thin, floccose. Spores straw 
 coloured, fusiform, slightly curved, 22-25 x 7-8/z, consisting of a 
 central oblong-elliptical portion, 14-18 x 7-8/A (mostly 15 x 7/x), 
 containing faintly coloured, granular protoplasm, divided off by a wall 
 from a clear conical portion at either end. Basidia clavate, up to 60 JJL 
 long by 8-10/u, wide, with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 8ju, long. Cystidia 
 hyaline, cylindrical, obtuse, 100-160 x 7-8//,, occasionally with a 
 single septum. Basal hyphae flexuous, frequently septate, with clamp 
 connections, 4-6/x in diam. Fallen sticks. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 422
 
 660 ALDBIDGEA. PTYCHOGASTEB. SPARASSIS 
 
 Aldridgea Massee. 
 (Miss Emily Aldridge.) 
 
 Keceptacle subgelatinous, becoming cartilaginous when dry, re- 
 supinate, effused. Hymenium smooth, even. Spores coloured, ellip- 
 tical, smooth; basidia with 4-sterigmata. Growing on wood. 
 
 2241. A. gelatinosa Massee. Massee, Brit. Fung. Fl. i, figs. 20 and 21, 
 p. 97. Gelatinosa, jelly-like. 
 
 R. 5-13 cm., pallid, broadly effused; margin determinate. Hy- 
 menium purple brown, smooth, even. Flesh subgelatinous, then car- 
 tilaginous, or rigid and collapsed when dry. Spores "olive, broadly 
 elliptical, obliquely apiculate, 10 x 6-7 p," Massee. Sawdust. Rare. 
 
 [Ptychogaster Corda.] 
 (TTTV, a fold; yaa'Tijp, belly.) 
 
 Receptacle fleshy, or somewhat corky, round, or cushion-shaped, 
 producing conidia and chlamydospores. Cystidia present, or absent. 
 Growing on wood, or incrusting plants. 
 
 2242. P. albus Cda. Albus, white. 
 R. 2-15 cm., white, becoming brownish, globose, obconic, or pul- 
 
 vinate, soft, shaggy, or filamentous; internally white, becoming 
 brownish, formed of many concentric layers. Conidia colourless, long, 
 oval. Chlamydospores "brownish, elliptic, or oblong, 6/u, long" 
 Henn. Dead wood and branches. Aug. Feb. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 6. THELEPHORACEAE. 
 
 Hymenium spread over a smooth, rugose, or ribbed surface, 
 either resting upon an intermediate layer of hyphae running longi- 
 tudinally between it and the mycelium, or seated directly upon the 
 mycelium. 
 
 1. Hymenium separated from the mycelium by an 
 intermediate layer of hyphae. 
 
 Sparassis Fr. 
 
 (ar-jrapaa-a-ca, I tear in pieces.) 
 
 Receptacle fleshy, erect, much branched; branches flattened in a 
 lamellar, or plate-like manner, more or less confluent. Hymenium 
 smooth, inferior. Spores white, or yellowish, ovoid, elliptical, globose, 
 or subglobose; smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. 
 Mycelium cord-like, often attached to the roots of trees. Growing on 
 the ground. 
 
 2243. S. crispa (Wulf.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 102, no. 229. 
 
 Crispa, curled. 
 R. 10-60 cm., whitish, or pale ochraceous, very much branched, re-
 
 SPARASSIS. STEREUM 661 
 
 sembling a cauliflower; branches 2-55 cm., broad, intricate, ribbon- 
 like, apex tinged yellowish, crisped, and slightly zoned. St. whitish, 
 becoming blackish with age, stout, rooting. Flesh whitish, or yellowish, 
 fleshy, brittle. Spores pale ochraceous in the mass, hyaline under the 
 microscope, subglobose, or elliptical, 6-7 fj, in diam., or 6 x 4/i, 1-2- 
 guttulate ; basidia with 2^1-sterigmata. Smell very pleasant, of anise. 
 Taste agreeable. Edible. Coniferous woods. Aug. Nov. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2244. S. laminosa Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 13. 
 
 Laminosa, having plates. 
 
 R. 10-60 cm., yellowish straw colour, very much branched; branches 
 laminar, patent, more lax, and less dense than those of S. crispa. St. 
 whitish, becoming discoloured with age, stout, rooting. Flesh yellowish, 
 fleshy, brittle. Spores pale ochraceous in the mass, hyaline under the 
 microscope, globose, S/A, with granular contents. Smell pleasant. 
 Taste agreeable. Edible. Mixed woods, especially near oaks. Sept. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Stereum (Pers.) Massee (= Thelephora (Ehrh.) Fr. pp.). 
 (a-repeov, firm.) 
 
 Receptacle coriaceous, pileate, stipitate, or sessile, infundibuliform, 
 dimidiate, resupinate, or effuso-reflexed. Stem central, lateral, or 
 none. Hymenium inferior, with an intermediate layer, smooth, rarely 
 rugulose, or ribbed, sometimes setulose, pubescent, or velvety. Flesh 
 pale. Spores white, oval, elliptical, globose, subglobose, cylindrical, 
 oblong, or oblong elliptic; smooth, or granular; basidia with 2-4- 
 sterigmata. Cystidia hyaline, rarely coloured in nos. 2261 and 2262, 
 present, or absent. Annual, or perennial. Growing on wood, or on 
 the ground. 
 
 I. R. infundibuliform. St. central. 
 
 2245. S. Sowerbeii (B. & Br.) Massee. (= Thelephora Sowerbeii B. <fe 
 Br. ; Podoscypha Sowerbeji (B. & Br.) Pat. ; Stereum pallidum 
 (Pers.) Lloyd sec. Burt. ; Thelephora vitellina Plowr.) Rolland, 
 Champ, t. 101, no. 225, as Podoscypha Sowerbeji. 
 
 James Sowerby, the well-known botanical illustrator. 
 R. 1 2-5 cm., snow white, becoming yellow, or pale yellow, infundi- 
 buliform, fiabelliform, or spathulate, uneven; margin incised, often 
 crenate. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, gradually expanding 
 into the p., often confluent, smooth, or wrinkled. Hymenium con- 
 colorous, smooth, or rugulose. Flesh yellowish, fleshy coriaceous, thin. 
 Spores white, oval, 3 x 2/*. Under pine bark, and on the ground. 
 Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 662 STEBEUM 
 
 2246. S. pallidum (Pers.) Cooke. (= Thelephora pallida (Pers.) Fr.) 
 Pers. Icon, et Desc. i, t. 1, fig. 3, as Craterella pallida. 
 
 Pallidum, pale. 
 
 R. 1-5 cm., pallid, then cream, or buff, infundibuliform, strigosely 
 squamulose. St. 2-6 x -5-1 cm., concolorous, expanding upwards into 
 the p., often confluent, smooth, base villose. Hymenium pallid, 
 rugulose, with slight, very obtuse, radial folds, more or less setulose 
 with hyaline hairs under a lens. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous-spongy, 
 rather thick. Spores white, elliptical, often flattened on one side, 
 5-8 x 3-5/x. Cystidia hyaline, cylindrical, smooth, 6-8/z in diam., 
 projecting 10-50ju, above the hymenium. Often caespitose. Woods. 
 July Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2247. S. multizonatum (B. & Br.) Massee. (= Tkelephora multizonata 
 B. & Br.) B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xv, t. xm, fig. 4, as 
 Thelephora multizonata. Multus, many ; tyovr), a belt. 
 
 R. 9-20 cm., bright rufous flesh colour, or rich brown, margin white at 
 first, deeply infundibuliform, variously cut and lobed, zoned with 
 darker bands; margin lobed, crenulate. St. 5-9 x 1-3 cm., concolorous, 
 gradually expanding into the p., often confluent, smooth. Hymenium 
 paler than the p., or somewhat cinereous, slightly ribbed, smooth. Flesh 
 concolorous, or paler, coriaceous, tough, thin. Spores white, broadly 
 elliptical, 7 x 4-5/>t, with a large central gutta. Caespitose. Woods. 
 Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2248. S. undulatum (Fr.) Massee 1 . (- Thelephora undulata Fr.) 
 
 Undulatum, waved. 
 
 R. 13 cm., whitish, then tan, depressed, plano-infundibuliform, 
 minutely fibrillose; margin entire, undulate. St. 1-3 x -5-1 cm., 
 whitish, equal, villose. Hymenium pale tan, ribbed, setulose under a 
 lens. Flesh concolorous, subcoriaceous, firm. Spores white, "broadly 
 pip-shaped, 10 x 6/t" Massee. On the ground. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2249. S. tuberosum (Grev.) Massee. (= Thelephora tuberosa (Grev.) 
 Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 178, as Merisma tuberosum Grev. 
 
 Tuberosum, tuberous. 
 
 R. 1-2 cm., grey, or with a slight brownish tinge, infundibuliform, 
 broken up into narrow, compressed segments almost to the base of the st., 
 segments acute, or obtuse at the apex. St. -5-2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., 
 concolorous, subcylindrical, obscurely furrowed or lacunose, base 
 bulbous. Hymenium concolorous, inferior, smooth. Flesh subcoria- 
 ceous, thin. Spores white, "elliptical, 7-8 x 5ju," Massee. Bare soil. 
 Sept. Nov. Rare. 
 
 1 "The record in England is an error of determination" sec. Lloyd, Synopsis 
 Stipitate Stereums, p. 20.
 
 STERETJM 663 
 
 II. R. dimidiate, sessile, or resupinate and effuso-reflexed, 
 marginate. 
 
 *Hymenium bleeding when touched. 
 
 2250. S. spadiceum Fr. (= Stereum gausapatum Fr. ; Stereum cristu- 
 latum Quel. ; Stereum quercinum Potter.) Holland, Champ, t. 
 102, no. 227. Spadiceum, date brown. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm., greyish, brownish, or subferruginous, margin often white 
 at first, effuso-reflexed, or subdimidiate, often imbricated, confluent, 
 villose or hirsute; margin obtuse, often lobed. Hymenium /MSCOWS, or 
 bistre, bleeding wJien fresh if cut or bruised, becoming snuff brown or 
 more or less darker and discoloured with age, smooth, or wrinkled. Flesh 
 whitish in the middle stratum, coriaceous, soft. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, 7-8 x 4r-5/i. Cystidia none. Lacticiferous hyphae, red, "coloured, 
 75-120 x 5ju, very numerous" Burt. Stumps, and fallen branches, 
 especially oak, and ash. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2251. S. rugosum (Pers.) Fr. Rugosum, wrinkled. 
 
 R. 2-20 cm., pinkish buff, base paler, widely effused, or shortly 
 reflexed, obtusely marginate, silky, then glabrous, and at length con- 
 centrically furrowed, radially pitted and weathering grey. Hymenium 
 pinkish buff to drab-grey, bleeding if bruised when fresh, pruinose. Flesh 
 whitish, becoming discoloured, coriaceous, rigid, "intermediate layer 
 bordered on the upper side by a dense golden zone and on the lower 
 side by a two-many-zoned hymenial layer 120-1 200 /z thick, hyphae of 
 intermediate layer 2-5-3/z in diam." Burt. Spores white, oblong, 
 incurved, 10-12 x 4-5/u,. Cystidia none. Lacticiferous hyphae red, 
 "dark coloured, very numerous, 3-6 /x in diam." Burt. Stumps, 
 trunks, logs, and fallen branches of frondose trees. Jan. Dec. Com- 
 mon, (v.v.) 
 
 2252. S. sanguinolentum (A. & S.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 225, 
 as Thelephora sanguinolenta A. & S. 
 
 Sanguinolentum, full of blood. 
 
 R. 1-8 cm., pallid, white at the thin, acute margin, effused, often 
 circular, becoming confluent, then reflexed, adpressedly villose, or 
 silky, substriate. Hymenium cinereous, then fuscous, bleeding when 
 wounded, even, smooth, becoming cracked when dry. Flesh whitish, 
 coriaceous, thin, "intermediate layer bordered on the upper side by 
 a narrow, dense golden zone, and composed of densely arranged hyaline 
 hyphae, 3/z in diam." Burt. Spores white, cylindrical, slightly 
 curved, 8-9 x 3-4jii. Cystidia none. Lacticiferous hyphae red, 
 "coloured, 3-4 /A, usually numerous" Burt. Dead stumps, and 
 branches, especially of conifers. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 664 STERETJM 
 
 **Hymenium yellow, or grey. 
 
 2253. S. hirsutum (Willd.) Fr. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 17, fig. 7. 
 
 Hirsutum, hairy. 
 
 R. 2-10 cm., pallid, yellowish, or greyish, margin yellow, widely 
 effused, then reflexed, sometimes entirely resupinate, strigosely hairy, 
 subzoned; margin obtuse. Hymenium bright ochraceous, pinkish, or 
 tan colour, sometimes becoming grey, even, smooth. Flesh yellowish, 
 coriaceous, firm, tough, "intermediate layer bordered next to the 
 hairy covering by a very dense, narrow, golden zone, composed of 
 densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline hyphae, 3-4)U, in diam., 
 some of which in the subhymenium are thick walled, up to 5-6 /x in. 
 diam., and very rarely have golden brown contents as seen between the 
 basidia" Burt. Spores white, elliptical, incurved, 6-8 x 3-4 p.. Cys- 
 tidia none. Stumps, trunks, logs, posts, and fallen branches. Jan. 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. subcostatum (Karst.) Massee. (= Corticium subcostatum (Karst.) 
 Bourd. & Galz.) Subcostatum, somewhat ribbed. 
 
 Differs from the type in its vaguely costate, or rugose hymenium. 
 Fallen branches. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. luteocitrinum Sacc. Luteus, yellow; citrinum, lemon yellow. 
 Differs from the type in the golden yellow margin, and dark coloured 
 p. Stumps. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2254. S. ochroleucum Fr. &>%po?> pale; Xeu/co?, white. 
 R. 3-5 cm., whitish cream, then greyish tan colour, orbicular, effuso- 
 
 reflexed, confluent, then free, often entirely resupinate, villose, or 
 strigose, zoned. Hymenium pale ochre, smooth, cracked when dry. 
 Flesh pale, floccose, thin, "hyphae about 2-5/x. in diam., granule- 
 incrusted and interwoven throughout the thickness of the pileus" 
 Burt. Spores white, elliptical or subglobose, 4-5-5 x 3p,. Dead wood 
 and bark. Jan. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ***Hymenium purple, lilac, or brown. 
 
 2255. S. purpureum (Pers.) Fr. (= Stereum vorticosum Fr. sec. Burt.) 
 Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. i, t. 20. Purpureum, purple. 
 
 R. 2-8 cm., whitish, pallid, or greyish, effuso-reflexed, more or less 
 imbricate, sometimes entirely resupinate, zoned, villosely tomentose', 
 margin entire, sometimes crisped or lobed. Hymenium lilac, or 
 purplish, even, smooth. Flesh whitish, coriaceous-soft, somewhat 
 thick. Spores white, oblong, or oboval, apiculate at one end, 6-8 x 
 3-4ju,. Hymenial cystidia none, subhymenial cystidia vesiculose, 15- 
 30 x 12-25/A. Dead branches, and felled trunks, especially birch, 
 beech, elm, and poplar. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 STEBEUM 665 
 
 var. atro-marginatum W. G. Sm. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 412, fig. 1, as 
 Auricularia elegans Sow. Ater, black; marginatum, bordered. 
 Differs from the type in the narrow, black zone near the white margin 
 of the p. Dead branches. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2256. S. ragosiusculum Berk. & Curt. (= Stereum purpureum (Pers.) 
 auct. pi.) Rugosiusculum, somewhat wrinkled. 
 
 R. 2-6 cm., cartridge-buff to cinnamon buff when dry, more or less 
 broadly reflexed, rarely resupinate, tomentose, spongy, sometimes with 
 projecting hairs collapsed together into a plane or wrinkled surface; 
 margin entire. Hymenium vinaceous-buff to fawn colour when dry, 
 even. Flesh whitish, coriaceous-soft, fairly thick. Spores white, 
 elliptical, incurved, 5-7 x 3-4 p. Hymenial cystidia cylindrical, 
 thin walled, 4ju in diam., subhymenial cystidia vesiculose, 1530 x 
 10-20/u,. Logs and stumps of frondose trees. Jan. Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2257. S. conchatum Fr. Koyxy, a mussel shell. 
 R. 430 mm., dirty yellowish, effuso-reflexed, then shell-shaped, 
 
 subimbricate, rugose, glabrous, obscurely zoned, somewhat crisped. 
 Hymenium fuscous, smooth. Flesh coriaceous, thin. Fir. Rare. 
 
 2258. S. bicolor (Pers.) Fr. (= Stereum fuscum (Schrad.) Quel.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 197, fig. 2. Bicolor, two coloured. 
 
 R. 1-5 cm., snuff-brown to bistre when dry, sometimes resupinate, 
 generally becoming conchate-reflexed, often imbricate, villose, be- 
 coming glabrous, somewhat concentrically sulcate. Hymenium white, 
 then cream colour to pallid mouse grey when dry, even, smooth. Flesh 
 submembranaceous, soft, spongy, "composed of longitudinally and 
 loosely interwoven hyphae, 3/t in diam., coloured towards the 
 upper surface, hyaline towards the hymenium. Spores hyaline, 3- 
 4-5 x 2-3 fi. Gloeocystidia hyaline, flexuose, 20-60 x 5-7 /A" Burt. 
 Rotting frondose limbs and sometimes on pine. April Dec. Rare. 
 
 III. Effused, resupinate, margin scarcely, or not at all free. 
 *Hymenium stratose. 
 
 2259. S. frustulosum (Pers.) Fr. Frustulosum, full of pieces. 
 R. 2-5 mm., date-brown-blackish, resupinate, tuberculose, crowded as 
 
 if confluent, and then broken up into frustules, sometimes growing 
 outward from the place of attachment and narrowly reflexed, or with 
 a free margin all round, concentrically sulcate, glabrous. Hymenium 
 pinkish buff to whitish, convex, pruinose, stratose. Flesh woody, thick. 
 Spores "hyaline, oboval, 5-6 x 3-3-5/x. Paraphyses bottle-brush, or 
 aculeate, numerous" Burt. Oak logs and stumps. Rare.
 
 666 STEREUM 
 
 2260. S. stratosum B. & Br. Stratosum, stratose. 
 R. 5-10 cm., bright ochraceous white, becoming yellowish, effused, 
 
 smooth, here and there wrinkled. Flesh pallid, stratose, strata at 
 length broken up. Rare. 
 
 **Hymenium pubescent, velvety. 
 
 2261. S. Chailletii (Pers.) Fr. D. Chaillet. 
 R. 215 cm., somewhat fawn colour, or brownish, broadly effused, 
 
 resupinate the first year, then becoming stratose, and at length pileate, 
 pilei sometimes well developed, tomentose, more or less concentrically 
 sulcate; margin entire. Hymenium pale ferruginous, or fawn colour, 
 pubescent, velvety. Flesh pallid, coriaceous, fairly thick, "composed 
 of somewhat longitudinally and not densely interwoven hyphae, 
 3 4-5/A in diarn., some of which are hyaline, thin walled, and with 
 deeply staining protoplasm, and many thick walled, stiff, giving their 
 colour to the fructification and curving into the hymenium where 
 they terminate in cystidia" Burt. Spores "hyaline, elliptical, in- 
 equilateral, 6-7-5 x 3-4ja. Cystidia yellowish, rough, fusiform, cylin- 
 drical, 50-120 x 4-5 //,, or in old stratose plants, 45-60 x 5-7 ju," Bres. 
 Felled fir trunk. Oct. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 
 S. disciforme (DC.) Fr. = Aleurodiscus discifonnis (DC.) Pat. 
 
 ***Hymenium pruinose. 
 
 2262. S. abietimun (Pers.) Fr. Abietinum, of firs. 
 R. 2-8 cm., burnt umber, resupinate, effused, rarely reflexed, tomen- 
 tose, obscurely zonate, tuberculate or uneven. Hymenium light drab 
 to cinereous or glaucous, pruinose. Flesh coloured, coriaceous-spongy, 
 thick, "intermediate layer composed of longitudinally arranged, inter- 
 woven, coloured hyphae, 3-3-5/z in diam., bordered on its outer side 
 by a darker, denser zone which connects with the tomentose covering ; 
 hymenial layer becoming zonate and containing numerous, coloured, 
 cystidia. Spores hyaline, flattened on one side, 9-13 x 4-5 p,. Cystidia 
 coloured, cylindric, obtuse, even, rough walled or more or less in- 
 crusted, 90-150 x 6-8^, protruding up to 60/x" Burt. Pine and 
 Abies trunks and logs. Rare. 
 
 2263. S. Pini Fr. Pini, of pines. 
 R. 1-4 mm., fuscous, then Benzo-brown, resupinate, adnate, at first 
 
 orbicular, then confluent, and again broken up into bullate tubercles, 
 smooth beneath; margin fimbriate, lobed. Hymenium purple flesh 
 colour, becoming fuscous, pruinose. Flesh coriaceous-cartilaginous, 
 rigid, thin at the margin, "intermediate layer bordered on each side 
 by a narrow, coloured zone, and composed of longitudinally arranged,
 
 STEREUM. HYMENOCHAETE 667 
 
 densely interwoven, hyaline hyphae with walls gelatinously modified, 
 the subhymenium olivaceous-coloured. Spores hyaline, curved, 5-6 x 
 2-2-5/u. Cystidia hyaline, incrusted, 24 x 8/i, sometimes very sparse. 
 Gloeocystidia hyaline, fusoid, or irregular, 30-40 x 10-15/i, sparse" 
 Burt. Pine bark. Nov. Eare. 
 
 2264. S. rufum Fr. (= Stereum rufomarginatum (Pers.) Quel.; British 
 records of this plant = Eichleriella spinulosa (Berk. & Curt.) 
 Burt, sec. Wakef.) Burt, The Thelephoraceae of North 
 America, xn, Stereum, p. 121, text-fig. 11. Rufum, red. 
 
 R. 2-4 mm., vinaceous~brown to hematite red, erumpent, tuberculi- 
 form, then somewhat round, marginate, smooth beneath. Hymenium 
 vinaceous-brown, often greyish pruinose, becoming coarsely wrinkled. 
 Flesh coriaceous-fleshy, firm, fairly thick, "composed of ascending 
 loosely interwoven, incrusted, hyaline hyphae, 4^4-5 fj, in diam. over 
 the incrustation. Spores white, oblong, curved, 6-8 x 1-5-2 /A. Cys- 
 tidia none. Gloeocystidia hyaline, flexuose, 50-90 x 7-10/i, scattered, 
 not protruding" Burt. Poplar. Sept. March. Uncommon. 
 
 S. acerinum (Pers.) Fr. = Aleurodiscus acerinus (Pers.) von Hoehn. 
 & Litsch. 
 
 Hymenochaete Lev. (= Stereum (Pers.) Massee p.p.). 
 (vfirjv, a membrane; %atT/7, long flowing hair.) 
 
 Receptacle coriaceous, firm, sessile, effuso-reflexed, or resupinate. 
 Hymenium inferior, with an intermediate layer, setulose, or velvety, 
 even, rarely granular. Spores white, or coloured, elliptical, oval, sub- 
 globose, oblong, fusoid, or cylindrical ellipsoid; smooth. Cystidia or 
 setae present, coloured. Perennial. Growing on wood. 
 
 I. Sessile, effused, free and reflexed. 
 
 2265. H. rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lev. (= Stereum rubiginosum (Schrad.) 
 Fr.) Sow. Brit. Fung. t. 26, as Auricularia ferruginea. 
 
 Rubiginosa, rusty. 
 
 R. 3-15 cm., rubiginous, or brownish rust colour, margin ochraceous 
 tawny, effused, reflexed, sometimes entirely resupinate, separable, 
 rigid, somewhat fasciate, concentrically sulcate, velvety, becoming 
 smooth and date brown. Hymenium ferruginous, or bistre, setulose, 
 subcolliculose. Flesh tawny ferruginous, coriaceous, firm, intermediate 
 layer "composed of longitudinally arranged, coloured hyphae, 2-5^t 
 in diam., and bordered above by a narrow, dense, dark zone" Burt. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 2-3/u,. Setae coloured, crowded, acutely 
 conical, slightly curved, 50-70 x 5-7 />t. Stumps, branches and logs 
 of frondose trees. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 668 HYMENOCHAETE 
 
 2266. H. tabacina (Sow.) Lev. (= Stereum tabacinum (Sow.) Fr.; 
 Stereum avellanum Fr. in part; Hymenochaete avellana (Fr.) 
 Cke.) Sow. Brit. Fung. t. 25, as Auricularia tabacina Sow. 
 
 Tabacina, tobacco colour. 
 
 R. 330 cm., subferruginous, becoming brown, margin golden, effused, 
 reflexed, often imbricate, sometimes entirely resupinate, silky, at 
 length, becoming smooth. Hymenium paler, snuff brown, or sepia, 
 setulose, often deeply cracked into a series of radial anastomosing 
 cracks when resupinate. Flesh golden, coriaceous, flaccid, thin, inter- 
 mediate layer composed of "longitudinally arranged, orange-yellow 
 hyphae, 2-5 3^ in diam., bordered on each side by a narrow, dark, 
 dense zone" Burt. Spores white, oblong, often curved, 4-6 x 1-5-2 fj,. 
 Setae coloured, conico-acuminate, 70-100 x 8-12/z. Stumps, trunks, 
 and logs, especially of frondose trees. Sept. March. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 H. avellana (Fr.) Cke. = Hymenochaete tabacina (Sow.) Lev. 
 
 2267. H. Boltonii (Fr.) Cke. (= Corticium Boltonii Fr.) 
 
 James Bolton, author of "An History of Fungusses growing 
 
 about Halifax." 
 
 R. 34 cm., white to ochre, or pale lavender, zoned brown, or black, 
 effused; margin shortly reflexed, villose. Hymenium white to pale 
 brown, becoming ferruginous fuscous, or dark red, setulose. Setae 
 "clavate, attenuated at the base, 70-80 x 10-1 Ifj,, smaller in re- 
 supinate forms " Cke. Bird cherry. Feb. Rare. 
 
 II. Resupinate. 
 
 A. Hymenium simple. 
 
 f Setae acuminate. 
 
 *Spores white. 
 
 2268. H. nigrescens Cke. Nigrescens, becoming black. 
 R. 2-5 5 cm., fuscous, becoming black, peltate, subcircular, solitary, 
 
 or gregarious, sometimes confluent, adnate; margin sometimes free 
 and slightly reflexed, smooth and greyish beneath. Hymenium brown, 
 then blackish, or blackish umber, setulose, often cracked. Flesh rigid. 
 Spores "white, elliptical, 10 x 5/z. Setae blackish, conical, 80-140 x 
 10-12 ft" Massee. Dry wood. May. 
 
 2269. H. Stevensonii B. & Br. (= Stereum rufo-hispidum Stev.) 
 
 Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist. 
 R. 24 cm., pale fawn colour, effused, adnate ; margin abrupt, some- 
 times a little thickened, and raised. Hymenium livid, or greyish pink, 
 with a tinge of lilac when dry, setulose. Flesh rigid. Spores white, 
 "elliptic fusoid, 6-7 x 3-4/1,. Setae (rufous), rigid, 20-40 x 8-10/*" 
 Massee. Bark of yew. Sept. April. Rare, (v.v.)
 
 HYMENOCHAETE 669 
 
 2270. H. leonina Berk. & Curt. XeW, a lion. 
 R. 2-10 cm., orange ferruginous, drying tawny olive to "Brussels- 
 brown" entirely resupinate, widely effused, separable; margin tomen- 
 tose. Hymenium concolorous, setulose, unequal. Flesh concolorous, 
 coriaceous, loose, "composed of a compact setigerous layer 50-75 [i 
 thick, with setae starting at different levels within it, and of a broad 
 supporting hyphal layer, 100 600/z thick, composed of loosely inter- 
 woven, rather longitudinally arranged hyphae, 3/u, in diam., stiff, 
 coloured like the fructification; in fully developed, thick fructifica- 
 tions the hyphal layer is divided, parallel with the substratum, ~by a 
 narrow, dark zone" Burt. Spores white, elliptical, "5-6 x 3-3-5/z. 
 Setae conical, tapering from the base to the apex, 60-80 x 7-9 p,, 
 emerging up to 50 /A " Burt. Dead wood and holly. Rare. 
 
 2271. H. fuliginosa (Pers.) Lev. (? = Hymenochaete fuliginosa (Pers.) 
 Bres.) Fuliginosa, sooty. 
 
 R. 4 5 cm., obscure smoky brown, effused, closely adnate; margin 
 yellowish rust, often very much broken up into patches, and almost 
 indeterminate. Hymenium umber with rust, or purple tinge, densely 
 or sparsely setulose, appearing almost smooth under a lens, some- 
 times minutely cracked, and brighter in colour. Flesh coriaceous, 
 compact. Spores white, "subglobose, 5 x 4/n. Setae brown, often 
 clear purple by transmitted light, 30-50 x 6-8 p," Massee. Wood, and 
 decorticated branches. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2272. H. Mougeotii (Fr.) Cke. (= Corticium Mougeotii Fr.) Trans. 
 Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 9. 
 
 J. B. Mougeot, part author of "Stirpes cryptogamicae Vogeso- 
 
 rhenanae." 
 
 R. 5-20 mm., rusty brown, reddish brown at the margin, effuso- 
 reflexed, closely adnate, minutely tomentose; margin silky. Hy- 
 menium deep red, tubercular, or granular, pruinosely pubescent, setu- 
 lose. Flesh concolorous, or paler, waxy, then rigid. Spores white, 
 cylindrically ellipsoid, or oblong, 5-7 x 2ja. Setae red, apex hyaline 
 and white, gradually attenuated upwards, 30-60 x 5-8/A. Dead 
 branches of Picea excelsa. Aug. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2273. H. comigata (Fr.) Lev. (= Corticium corrugatum Fr.) Grev. 
 Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 234, as Thelephora Padi Pers. 
 
 Corrugata, wrinkled. 
 
 R. 5-20 cm., pallid cinnamon, widely effused, closely adnate, 
 when dry, cracked, into small polygonal areas, about 1-3 to a mm., 
 sometimes grumous ; margin thin, sometimes paler. Hymenium cinna- 
 mon brown to bistre and "Rood's brown," sometimes weathering to mouse 
 grey, setulose. Flesh concolorous, or paler, firm, "composed of densely 
 interwoven hyphae, 3/x, in diam., coloured like the fructification" 
 Burt. Spores white, allantoid, 4-5-7 x l-5-2ju,. Setae brown, cylin-
 
 670 HYMENOCHAETE. CLADODEBRIS 
 
 drical, acute, 55-75 x 7-12/A. Dead wood and branches. Jan. Dec. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Spores coloured. 
 
 2274. H. croceo-ferruginea Massee. Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27, t. v, 
 figs. 9, a, b, c. 
 
 Croceus, saffron yellow ; ferruginea, iron rust colour. 
 
 R. 58 cm., orange ferruginous to brownish, broadly effused, closely 
 adnate; margin byssoid or indeterminate. Hymenium concolorous, 
 very minutely setulose, cracked when dry. Flesh crustaceous, very 
 thin. Spores "olive, subglobose, 7 x 6 /A. Setae cylindrical, base very 
 much swollen, 70-100 x 30-35 /z" Massee. Dead stems of Rosa 
 canina. Rare. 
 
 ft Setae subclavate, sometimes rough. 
 
 2275. H. crassa (Lev.) Berk. Lev. Voy. Bonite, t. 139, fig. 1 B, as 
 Thelephora crassa Lev. Crassa, thick. 
 
 R. 2-5-11 cm., pale rufous, resupinate, effused, minutely velvety; 
 margin thickened, at length free. Hymenium rufous, unequal, setu- 
 lose. Flesh coriaceous, soft, spongy. Spores white, "cylindric- 
 ellipsoid, 7-8 x 4^,. Setae subclavate, often rough at the apex, 70-130 x 
 7-14/i" Massee. Trunks. Rare. 
 H. abietina (Pers.) Massee = Stereum abietinum (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 B. Hymenium stratose. 
 
 2276. H. cinnamomea (Pers.) Bres. (= Corticium cinnamomeum 
 (Pers.) Fr.) Cinnamomea, cinnamon colour. 
 
 R. 3-7 cm., cinnamon brown, or auburn, resupinate, widely effused, 
 adnate, velvety; margin paler, floccose. Hymenium cinnamon-brown, 
 drying antique brown to "Brussels-brown," setulose, stratose. Flesh con- 
 colorous, thick, loose, "stratose, ranging up to 6 strata, each com- 
 posed of a setigerous layer 30-45 fj, broad, and of a hyphal layer of 
 equal or greater breadth, with hyphae coloured like the fructifica- 
 tion, loosely interwoven, 3/x, in diam." Burt. Spores white, cylin- 
 dric-ellipsoid, curved, 5-6 x 2-2-5/u,. Setae mahogany colour, apex 
 paler, tapering upwards into an acute point, 70-100 x 5-6 /A. " Basidia 
 clavate, 10-12 x 3-5/t, with 4-sterigmata, intermingled with long, 
 cylindrical, blunt, paraphyses, brown below, more or less hyaline 
 above, 4/x in diam." Wakef . Bark, decaying wood and fallen branches 
 of frondose and coniferous trees. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Cladoderris Pers. 
 
 (/e\o8o<?, a branch; Seppis, a leathern covering.) 
 Receptacle coriaceous, pileate, sessile, or produced behind into a 
 stem-like base. Hymenium inferior, with fan-like folds, or radiating, 
 woody, branched ribs, or veins. Spores white, elliptic oblong, smooth. 
 Cystidia present. Growing on wood.
 
 CLADODERRIS. EPITHELE. ALEURODISCTJS 671 
 
 2277. C. minima B. & Br. Stevenson, Brit. Fung, n, p. 266, fig. 85. 
 
 Minima, least. 
 
 R. 4-6 mm., white, flabelliform, resupinate, springing from a stem- 
 like, or obsolete base, tomentose, somewhat zoned. Hymenium white, 
 Incoming yellowish tan, radiated on branched ribs. Flesh coriaceous, 
 firm. Spores white, "elliptic-oblong, apiculate at the base, curved, 
 14-15 x 4r-5fj," Massee. Birch. Dec. Rare. 
 
 2. Hymenium seated directly on the mycelium. 
 
 Epithele Pat. 
 
 (eVi, upon; #77X77, a nipple.) 
 
 Receptacle waxy, or floccose, resupinate, effused. Hymenium 
 smooth, interspersed with scattered, sterile protuberances, caused by 
 the breaking through of fasciculate mycelial hyphae. Spores white, 
 fusiform, smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Grow- 
 ing on dead leaves, herbaceous stems, and wood. 
 
 2278. E. Typhae (Pers.) Pat. (= Corticium Typhae (Pers.) Fr.) Beit, 
 zur Kennt. der Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch. 
 Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. Bd. cxv (1906), 1598, and reprint 50, 
 text-fig. 3. Typha, the Mace-reed. 
 
 R. 1-4 cm., white, becoming yellowish, or dull buff, longitudinally 
 effused, originating as byssoid spots, then confluent, minutely tomen- 
 tose under a lens. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, then papillose, 
 and often cracked. Flesh whitish, waxy, floccose, very thin. Spores 
 white, fusiform, 20-25 x 7-8/x, 2-3-guttulate. Dead dry leaves of 
 Typha, and Carex. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Aleurodiscus Rabenh. 
 
 (akevpov, flour, starch ; Stoveo?, a round plate.) 
 Receptacle waxy floccose, or crustaceous, becoming coriaceous; 
 resupinate, saucer-shaped with a free margin, or effused and adnate. 
 Hymenium smooth, pulverulent, often containing much granular, or 
 crystalline matter. Spores white, large, ovoid, elliptical, or sub- 
 globose; smooth, or echinulate; basidia large with 4 stout sterigmata, 
 intermixed with torulose, moniliform, or racemose paraphyses, or 
 sterile basidia. Growing on wood. 
 
 I. Discoid, cup-shaped, pezizaeform. 
 *Spores smooth. 
 
 2279. A. discifonnis (DC.) Pat. (= Stereum disciforme (DC.) Fr.) 
 
 Sia-tcos, a quoit ; forma, shape. 
 
 R. 1-2-5 cm., white, or tan colour, resupinate, disciform; margin 
 white, free, narrow. Hymenium white, becoming greyish, rigid, un- 
 even, pulverulent. Flesh i concolorous, subconaceons, hard, firm. Spores 
 white, "ovoid, or subglobose, 16-22 x 12-16/A, membrane coloured
 
 672 ALEURODISCTTS. CORTICIUM 
 
 blue with iodine; basidia 60-90 x 10-14//,. Paraphyses or sterile 
 basidia torulose, 5-9 ^u, in diam. Hyphae rather thick walled, 3 5jn in 
 diam." Bourd. & Galz. Trunks, and branches of oaks. Oct. March. 
 Uncommon. 
 
 **Spores rough. 
 
 2280. A. amorphus (Pers.) Rabenh. (= Corticium amorphum (Pers.) 
 Fr.) cifj(,op(f)o<>, misshapen. 
 
 R. 3-15 mm., white, becoming pallid, cup-shaped, then flattened, 
 scattered, or confluent, externally white tomentose, and hairs incrusted 
 with calcium oxalate; margin free, incurved. Hymenium orange, or 
 buff pink, becoming paler, especially at the margin and subolivaceous 
 when dried, even, continuous, pulverulent. Flesh pale, subcoriaceous, 
 pliant, dense. Spores white, minutely echinulate, spines hyaline, sub- 
 globose, 20-30 x 17-25/t, the membrane colours blue with iodine; 
 "basidia 100-150 x 15-24 /z, with 2-4 subulate, curved sterigmata, 
 20-30 x 4-5 jit. Paraphyses or sterile basidia torulose, 4-lOju, in diam. 
 Hyphae rather thick walled, 3-6 /A in diam., basal hyphae slightly 
 coloured, often incrusted with calcium oxalate" Bourd. & Galz. 
 Silver fir, and larch. Aug. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 II. Resupinate, effused, margin never reflexed. 
 
 2281. A. acerinus (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Stereum acerinum 
 (Pers.) Fr.) Acerinus, pertaining to maples. 
 
 R. 3-10 mm., white, irregularly effused, scattered, resupinate, crus- 
 taceous, adnate; margin abrupt. Hymenium white, mealy, then 
 smooth, and finally cracked. Flesh white, chalky, containing numerous 
 crystals of calcium oxalate, compact, thin. Spores white, "ovoid, 
 elliptical, 10-15 x 6-11 p,, scarcely coloured by iodine; basidia 36- 
 50-60 x 6-9-14 ju,, with 2-4-sterigmata, 6-7^, long. Paraphyses or 
 sterile basidia branched, pointed, or capped by 1-2-globules. Hyphae 
 very much branched, -75-1-5^ in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Maple, and 
 sycamore. Dec. Rare. 
 
 Corticium (Pers.). 
 (Cortex, bark.) 
 
 Receptacle waxy, crustaceous, or floccose, resupinate, effused. 
 Hymenium smooth, or tubercular, waxy, continuous, often cracked. 
 Spores white, very rarely coloured, ovate, elliptical, globose, oboval, 
 pip-shaped, pyriform, boat-shaped, almond-shaped, subtriangular, 
 cylindrical, cylindric ellipsoid, oblong, or sausage-shaped; smooth, 
 rarely granular; basidia with 2-4-6-8-sterigmata, forming a homo- 
 geneous hymenium, sometimes accompanied with sterile basidia 
 (cystidioles). Cystidia none. Growing on wood, more rarely on leaves, 
 or on the ground.
 
 CORTICIUM 673 
 
 I. Hymenium homogeneous, regular, consisting only of basidia. 
 Hyphae distinct, or indistinct, with or without clamp connections 
 at the septa, but never having abnormally large clamp connections, 
 or becoming tuber osely swollen at the septa. 
 
 1. Receptacle membranaceous ; trama fibrillose, or tomentose, 
 hyphae always distinct; hymenium fairly thick. 
 
 2282. C. caeruleum (Schrad.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 350, as Auricu- 
 laria phosphorea Sow. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. rv, t. 3, fig. 26. 
 
 Caeruleum, dark blue. 
 
 R. 2-15 cm., beautiful azure blue, somewhat round, broadly effused, 
 adnate, at first tomentose; margin whitish, or azure blue, byssoid. 
 Hymenium concolorous, paler when dry, papillose. Flesh bluish under 
 the hymenium, waxy, floccose, loose. Spores white, ovate-elliptical, 
 7-9 x 4-6 yu; "basidia 30-48 x 6-7-5/n, with 2-4-sterigmata. Hyphae 
 thin-, or slightly thick- walled, 3-4-5/A in diam., with clamp connections, 
 loose, blue in the subhymenial layer" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, 
 branches, sticks, and twigs, in woods, and hedgerows. Jan. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2283. C. laeve (Pers.) Quel. (= Corticium evolvens Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 
 198, fig. 1, as Corticium radiosum~Fi. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, 
 t. 3, figs. 23-24. Laeve, smooth. 
 
 R. 2-20 cm., white, cream colour, flesh colour, or tan, effused, en- 
 tirely adnate, or forming distinct, reflexed, strigose pileoli; margin 
 white, silky, radiating, or becoming obtuse, reflexed. Hymenium 
 cream colour, then pinkish ochre, or livid to brownish when old ; pale 
 buff with a pinkish tinge or lilac tinge when dry, smooth, waxy, more 
 or less undulate, sometimes coarsely tuberculate, and rarely Radulum- 
 like, usually much cracked in an areolate manner when dry. Flesh 
 pale, floccose, loose. Spores white, pyriform, or pip-shaped, usually 
 slightly incurved at the base, 9-12 x 6-7-5 jit, often slightly punctate; 
 "basidia 25-40-90 x 5-5-9 /u, with 2-4-sterigmata. Hyphae thin 
 walled, hyaline, 2-3-6/u. in diam., with clamp connections, parallel at 
 the base, then ascending in a loose trama" Bourd. & Galz. Trunks, 
 logs, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2284. C. roseum (Pers.) Fr. (= Corticium roseolum Massee sec. Wakef . 
 in litt.) Roseum, rose-coloured. 
 
 R. 2-12 cm., rose colour, effused, adnate; margin white, byssoid, 
 fringed. Hymenium rose pink, becoming pallid, or pale ochraceous 
 with a pink tinge when dry, pruinose, at length rimosely cracked. 
 Flesh pale, floccose, loose. Spores "white, sometimes tinged rosy, 
 oboval, 8-12-16-5 x 6-9-10/z; basidia at first bladder-shaped, sunk 
 in the simple, or branched paraphysoid hyphae, then normal, 28- 
 45 x 6-10/Lt, with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 6-8/1, long. Hyphae with 
 
 K. B. B. 43
 
 674 COBTICIUM 
 
 slightly thickened walls, 2-4-5/t in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead 
 wood, and fallen branches. Oct. April. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2285. C. bombycinum (Sommerf.) Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, 
 text-figs, p. 139. Bombycinum, silky. 
 
 R. 2-5 cm., white, then cream colour, or pale alutaceous, effused, 
 separable, smooth, or slightly rough; margin pubescent, floccose, 
 rarely fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or rough, pulveru- 
 lent under a lens. Flesh membranaceous, fairly thick, floccose. Spores 
 white, broadly elliptical, or ovate, somewhat irregular, 9-12 x G-Sfi, 
 1-guttulate; basidia cylindrical, 21-34-45 x 4-6-9 p, with 2^-sterig- 
 mata, 6-8/u, long. Hyphae rather thick walled', 4-6/x in diam., 
 branched, frequently septate, with clamp connections. Trunks of 
 living pollarded willows. Oct. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2286. C. vellereum Ellis & Cragin. (= Corticium chlamydosporium 
 Burt; Corticium Bresadolae Bourd.) Vellereum, woolly. 
 
 R. 2-10 cm., white, cream, or tinged buff pink, widely effused, ad- 
 nate; margin white, silky, radiating. Hymenium waxy-white, cream, 
 or tinged buff pink, not changing when dried, smooth, pulverulent. 
 Flesh concolorous, or pale, waxy, floccose, loose, thick. Spores white, 
 subglobose, or broadly elliptical, apiculate at the base, 5-6 x 5p, 
 or 5-9 x 5-7-5/i, 1-guttulate; basidia 18-30-54 x 5-7-5/n, with 2-4 
 curved sterigmata, 3-5 /u, long. Basal hyphae very loosely interwoven, 
 sparingly branched, thin walled, 2-7 ft in diam., with clamp con- 
 nections. On bark, and felled elm trunks. Nov. Feb. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2. Receptacle fleshy-membranaceous, then rigid and fragile, thick, 
 often reflexed, and Stereum-like. Hymenium tuberculose and 
 radially crested. 
 
 2287. C. subcostatum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Stereum subcostatum 
 Karst. ; Radulum pendulum Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Quel. Ass. 
 Fr. (1882), t. xi, fig. 16, as Stereum album Quel. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; costatum, ribbed. 
 
 R. 3-12 cm., cream, or cream chamois colour, resupinate, or reflexed, 
 villose, or strigose on the outside; margin torn, fibrillose, or ciliate. 
 Hymenium concolorous, becoming chamois, pinkish, or reddish when 
 dried, tubercular in the centre, radially rugose, and wrinkled towards 
 the margin, finally deeply cracked. Flesh white, fleshy membrana- 
 ceous, then firm, fibrillose, brittle. Spores white, "oblong sub- 
 cylindric, slightly depressed on the side, 56-8-5 x 2-75-4ft, contents 
 homogeneous; basidia 12-25-45 x 3-4- 7 ft, with 2-4 straight sterig- 
 mata, 4-4-5/x long. Hyphae thin walled, 2-4ju in diam., with clamp 
 connections" Bourd. & Galz. Dead branches of alder, birch, and pine. 
 Oct. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 COBTICIUM 675 
 
 3. Receptacle waxy-membranaceous. Hyphae thin walled, 
 distinct, soon agglutinated and collapsed. 
 
 2288. C. lacteum Fr. Lacteum, milk white. 
 R. 5-15 cm., milk white, effused, pruinose, laxly fibrillose beneath; 
 
 margin fibrillose. Hymenium deeper coloured, waxy, often rugulose, 
 or reticulately veined like a Merulius when moist. Flesh whitish, 
 membranaceous, waxy, thin. Spores white, "oboval, 4-5-7 x 2-5-6 /z, 
 1-2-guttulate, or contents granular; basidia 20-36 x 4-6 fj,, with 2-4 
 straight sterigmata, 5-6 JJL long. Hyphae thin walled, subhymenial, 
 2-5-3ju- in diam., the basal 5-8/jt in diam., with rather infrequent 
 clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Trunks and fallen branches. 
 Oct. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2289. C. Wakefieldiae Bres. 
 
 Miss E. M. Wakefield, the well-known Kew mycologist. 
 
 R. 2-6 cm., whitish, then isabelline, broadly effused ; margin pallid, 
 pruinose, subfimbriate. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, at length 
 widely cracked. Flesh membranaceous, soft. Mycelium white, prui- 
 nose. Spores hyaline, 6-8 x 5-6 p; basidia collapsed forming an in- 
 distinct layer. Hyphae very distinct, 4-7-9 /u, in diam., septate with 
 clamp connections. Ground and wood. Rare. 
 
 2290. C. fuciforme (Berk.) Wakef. (= Isaria fuciformis Berk.; Hy- 
 pochnus fuciformis McAlp.) <jf>0o?, sea-weed ; forma, shape. 
 
 R. 1-5 cm., pale, or bright rose colour, effused, incrusting, forming 
 small patches here and there. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Flesh 
 concolorous, subgelatinous, thin. Spores white, pip-shaped, depressed 
 on one side, apiculate, 11-12-5 x 5-6 /A; basidia slightly tinged pink, 
 clavate, 5-5-7 /z in diam., with 2-4 stout curved sterigmata. Hyphae 
 tinged pink, with clamp connections, thin walled and rather vacuolate, 
 2-4/x in diam. Leaves and stalks of grasses. Aug. Uncommon, (v.v) 
 
 4. Receptacle pelliculose, or arachnoid, slightly adnate to the sub- 
 stratum. Trama loose, consisting of thin walled, distinct hyphae, 
 2-6/A in diam. Basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. 
 
 2291. C. Galzinii Bourd. A. Galzin. 
 R. 3-10 cm., whitish, with a more or less glaucous, or yellowish green 
 
 tint, effused, forming a delicate pellicle, loosely adherent to the sub- 
 stratum, smooth, or porous ; margin byssoid. Hymenium concolorous, 
 loose, and pulverulent under a lens. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, 
 arachnoid. Spores white, obovate, or narrowly cylindrical, pointed 
 at the base, 2^4 x 1-1 -5 /x; basidia borne in dense tufts, "candelabra" 
 fashion, 7-9-14 x 3-4/A, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3-4/A long. 
 Basal hyphae thin walled, 2-5 /A in diam., loosely interwoven, septate, 
 
 432
 
 676 CORTICITJM 
 
 with clamp connections. Conifer wood, cones, and on birch. Sept. 
 March. Uncommon. 
 
 2292. C. arachnoideum Berk. (= Corticium centrifugum (Lev.) Bres.) 
 
 apd'xvriy a spider's web; eZo9, like. 
 
 R. 2-18 cm.>, white, greenish white, or greyish, effused, subadnate, 
 arachnoid, more rarely continuous; margin delicately byssoid or 
 arachnoid. Hymenium concolorous, loose, rarely continuous. Flesh 
 concolorous, floccose, very thin. Spores white, oblong, obliquely apicu- 
 late at the base, 5-7 x 3-4 p, "often cohering in 2-4; basidia clavate, 
 9-15-27 x 3-4-7 ft, with 2-4-sterigmata, 4-6/z long. Basal hyphae 
 regular, thin- or slightly thick-walled, clamp connections sparse, 
 3-8 /A in diam.; subhymenial hyphae 2-3-5/x. in diam." Bourd. & 
 Galz. Stumps, logs, and fallen branches. Oct. March. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2293. C. coprophilum Wakef. /COTT/OO?, dung; $1X09, loving. 
 R. 1-2 cm., greyish white, effused, arachnoid, easily separable. 
 
 Hymenium concolorous, pulverulent. Flesh whitish, filamentous, very 
 thin. Spores white, subglobose, apiculate at the base, 4/x, 1-guttulate; 
 basidia with 3-6-sterigmata, 15-25 x 6/x, with 3-6 curved sterigmata, 
 2-5/z. long. Basal hyphae 3-5-4/z in diam., scarcely nodose-septate. 
 Horse dung and surrounding grass culms. July Aug. Uncommon. 
 
 2294. C. microsporum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 fjuicpo<$, small; (nropd, seed. 
 
 R. 3-6 cm., milk white, or cream colour, irregularly effused, pellicu- 
 lose; margin white, pruinose, or fibrillose. Hymenium cream, with 
 sometimes a faint pinkish tinge, often imperfect, or cracked. Flesh 
 white, delicate, very thin, fragile. Spores white, subglobose, 2/z, or 
 3 x 2/x, often with a small oil drop; basidia 12-15(-18) x 3-4(-5)/^t, 
 with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3-4/u, long. Basal hyphae 3-5^t, with 
 clamp connections, sometimes incrusted with crystals. Stumps and 
 branches. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 2295. C. croceum (Kunze) Bres. (= Sporotrichum croceum Kunze & 
 Schmidt; Corticium sulphureum Fr.) rcpo/cos, saffron. 
 
 R. 1-4 cm., white, becoming yellowish, effused, arachnoid, then sub- 
 membranaceous, separable when fresh, adnate when dry; margin 
 white or lemon yellow, arachnoid, running out into the bright yellow or 
 saffron coloured, branched strands of the rhizomorphoid mycelium. 
 Hymenium concolorous, pruinose or mealy. Flesh concolorous, arach- 
 noid, thin. Spores white, "subglobose or ovoid, 2-75-3-5 x 2-5-3 ;u; 
 basidia 12-17 x 3-4-5/Lt. Hyphae thin walled, 2-3/x in diam., often 
 verrucose or rough with small crystals" Bourd. & Galz. Fallen sticks, 
 etc. Oct. Jan. "Not uncommon" Berk.
 
 CORTICIUM 677 
 
 2296. C. atrovirens Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 16. 
 
 Ater, black; virens, green. 
 
 R. 2-6 cm., Hue, greenish blue, or dark greenish, irregularly effused, 
 floccoso-fibrillose, or arachnoid, seated on a concolorous, profuse, 
 mycelium. Hymenium paler, or tinged with yellow, submembrana- 
 ceous. Flesh concolorous, arachnoid, thin. Spores greenish, or bluish, 
 subglobose, 3-5-4/x, in diam. ; basidia clavate, 18-20 x 5-6 fj,, with 
 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4|u, long. Hyphae greenish blue, 2-4/u, in diam., 
 thin walled, without clamp connections. Bark and fallen branches. 
 Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 5. Receptacle dry, subpelliculose, crustaceous, or pruinose, adnate. 
 Basidia truncate at the apex, with 4-6, or 6-8-sterigmata. 
 
 2297. C. niveo-cremeum von Hoehn. & Litsch. Trans. Brit. Myc. 
 Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 71. 
 
 Niveus, snow white ; cremeum, cream colour. 
 R. 25 cm., greyish white to cream colour, effused, indeterminate, 
 closely adnate, dry. Hymenium concolorous, waxy, slightly granular 
 in places, very minutely and abundantly cracked when dry, giving a 
 characteristic appearance under a lens, the cracks being bridged by 
 numerous, fine, byssoid strands of the subiculum. Flesh concolorous, 
 byssoid, very thin. Spores white, cylindric-ellipsoid, or slightly in- 
 curved and boat-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4 /A, occasional spores up to 10 x 5/z; 
 basidia 12-18(-30) x 4-5-7 /x, truncate above, with 4-6-8 straight 
 sterigmata, 4-5jU, long. Basal hyphae thin walled, 4-5/A in diam., in- 
 distinct, branched, septate, with clamp connections. Rotten wood. 
 Nov. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 6. Receptacle dry, chalky, or pubescent, adnate. Trama 
 distinct. Basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. 
 
 2298. C. Sambuci (Pers.) Fr. (= Corticium serum (Pers.) Quel.; 
 Peniophora Chrysanthemi Plowr. sec. Wakef. in litt.) Grev. 
 Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 242, as Thelephora Sambuci Pers. 
 
 Sambuci, of elder. 
 
 R. 218 cm., pure snow white, or chalk white, becoming yellowish 
 when dried, effused, subinnate, incrusting, chalky, collapsing and more 
 or less powdery when dry. Hymenium concolorous, granular, pruinose. 
 Flesh white, crustaceous, very thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 
 appearing almost globose under a low magnification, with a small 
 lateral apiculus, 3-6 x 3-5 p, often 1-guttulate; basidia 15-22 x 
 3'5-5-5jii, accompanied by fusoid sterile basidia (cystidioles) often 
 expanded into a knob at the apex, and incrusted with tiny crystals. 
 Hyphae thin walled, 2-3-5(-4-5)|u, in diam., loosely interwoven, with 
 clamp connections, and sometimes with scattered minute crystals 
 adhering to the outer walls. Stumps, rotten branches, logs and old 
 herbaceous stems. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 678 CORTICIUM 
 
 2299. C. trigonospermum Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3, 
 figs. 3-5. Tpiywvos, triangular; a-jrep^a, seed. 
 
 R. 25 cm., chalk white, or becoming slightly tinged with cream colour, 
 irregularly effused, chalky, pulverulent; margin arachnoid, fugacious. 
 Hymenium concolorous, granular, or mealy under a lens. Flesh white, 
 crustaceous, thin, loose, fragile. Spores white, subtriangular, angles 
 rounded viewed laterally, in profile more or less elliptical, flattened 
 on the inner side, and swollen towards the base on the outer side, 
 4-5-6 /u,; basidia 16-25 x 4-6 /n, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 2-3-5 p 
 long. Basal hyphae thin walled, 2-5-4/A in diam., with clamp con- 
 nections, and sometimes slightly incrusted with minute crystals. Pine 
 bark and on the ground. Sept. Nov. Rare. 
 
 7. Hymenium consisting of more or less crowded, granular tufts, 
 seated on an arachnoid subiculum. Mould-like rather than pellicu- 
 lose, or submembranaceous. Hyphae yellowish, 6-15/i in diam., 
 branching at right angles. Basidia large, in clusters. 
 
 *Hyphae without clamp connections. 
 
 2300. C. vagum Berk. & Curt. (== Corticium vagum Berk. & Curt. var. 
 Solani Burt; Hypochnus Solani Prill. & Del.; Corticium Solani 
 Prill. & Del.; Corticium botryosum Bres.; Rhizoctonia Solani 
 Kiihn.) Vagum, wandering. 
 
 R. 5-15 cm., pale olive buff to cream colour, effused, arachnoid, thin, 
 perforate membrane more or less separable. Hymenium concolorous, 
 smooth. Flesh brownish, or hyaline, arachnoid, filamentous, loose. 
 Spores white, "elliptic oblong, or navicular, flattened on one side, 
 8-14 x 4-6 /x; basidia not forming a compact hymenium, 10-20 x 
 7 '51 1//., with 4-6-sterigmata, 6 10/z long, more or less swollen 
 towards the basidium. Basal hyphae slightly brownish, hyaline 
 elsewhere, 6-10/z in diam., branches smaller, not incrusted, septate, 
 without clamp connections" Burt. Bark, wood, herbaceous plants, 
 and bare soil. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 C. botryosum Bres. = Corticium vagum Berk. & Curt. 
 
 2301. C. flavescens (Bon.) Massee. (= Hypochnus fiavescens Bon.) 
 Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 318. 
 
 Flavescens, becoming yellow. 
 
 R. 3-10 cm., whitish to dirty buff, irregularly effused, thin, pulveru- 
 lent, with the habit of C. vagum. Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh 
 hyaline, or yellowish, filamentous, loose. Spores yellowish, somewhat 
 lemon-shaped, apiculate at either end, flattened on the inner side, 
 15-17 x 7-9 fji (mostly 15 x 8/z). Basidia oblong, or clavate, 20-30 x 
 12-13/it, with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 8/u, long. Basal hyphae hyaline, 
 or yellowish, septate, without clamp connections, branched at right 
 angles, loosely interwoven. Rotten wood. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CORTICIUM 679 
 
 **Hyphae with stout clamp connections at the septa. 
 
 2302. C. subcoronatum von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 
 Sub, somewhat; coronatum, crowned. 
 
 R. 3-10 cm., white, then cream colour, ochraceous, or pale greenish, 
 tinged with brown when bruised, effused, arachnoid, or slightly mem- 
 branaceous, loosely adnate; margin similar, or minutely reticulated. 
 Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh pale, or yellowish, arachnoid, 
 filamentous, loose. Spores white, "almond-shaped, or subnavicular, 
 rarely fusiform, 5-9 x 2-5-4-5/A; basidia 12-18-30 x 5-9 p, with 4-6- 
 sterigmata, 3-5/z long. Hyphae thin walled, 4-14jn in diam., with 
 numerous, stout clamp connections " Bourd. & Galz. Rotten wood, 
 and fallen branches. Sept. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 8. Receptacle waxy, dry. Trama indistinct. Spores clavate, fusiform, 
 almond-shaped, or boat-shaped. G-enerally growing on dead, her- 
 baceous plants. 
 
 2303. C. aurora Berk. Aurora, the dawn. 
 R. 3-5 cm., rose colour, becoming pallid, effused, adnate, indeter- 
 minate, waxy, then subpruinose. Hymenium concolorous, waxy, 
 smooth. Flesh spongy, very thin. Spores white, "subclavate, at- 
 tenuated at the base, generally slightly curved, 12-16 x 3-4-5/i, 2-3- 
 guttulate; basidia 24-36 x 12-16/A, with 4 straight sterigmata, 4/z, 
 long" Bourd. & Galz. Dead leaves of Carex, and stems of Juncus. 
 Feb. Rare. 
 
 2304. C. Pearsonii Bourd. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vn, text-fig, i. 
 p. 51. A. A. Pearson, the well-known British mycologist. 
 
 R. 2-10 cm., greyish, adnate, hiding in the crevices of rotten wood. 
 Hymenium concolorous, soon furfuraceous and granular, always beauti- 
 fully reticulated with white crustaceous lines when dry, consisting of 
 basidia and equally long sterile hyphae. Flesh very thin, 20-50/u, 
 thick. Spores hyaline, narrowly clavate, laterally depressed, or sub- 
 arcuate, 4-5-6 x l-5-2(-2-5)/u,; basidia obovate, 9-15 x 5-6 fju, with 
 2-4-sterigmata, up to 6/i long and at length curved. Hyphae hyaline, 
 closely interwoven, rarely distinct, 2-2-5ju, in diam., thin walled, 
 clamp connections sparse. Cracks of a rotten pine trunk. Sept. Oct. 
 Rare. 
 
 9. Receptacle waxy, delicate, closely adnate. 
 
 2305. C. confluens Fr. (? = Radulum molare Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) 
 
 Confiuens, running together. 
 
 R. 18 cm., whitish, effused, indeterminate, agglutinated', margin 
 white, mealy. Hymenium hyaline, white when dry, smooth. Flesh 
 whitish, submembranaceous, thin, loose. Spores white, broadly ellip- 
 tical, or subglobose, 8-10 x 8-9 /z, with a large central gutta, or con- 
 tents granular or cloudy; "basidia 20-50-80 x 6-12 /A, with 2-4-
 
 680 CORTICIUM 
 
 sterigmata, 5-9/u, long. Hyphae thin walled, 2-3-5/x in diam., with 
 scattered clamp connections; superior hyphae dense, flexuose, co- 
 herent and collapsing" Bourd. & Galz. Stumps, and fallen branches. 
 Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2306. C. lividmn (Pers.) Fr. (= Grandinia ocellata Fr. sec. Bres.) 
 
 Lividum, black and blue. 
 
 R. 213 cm., bluish grey, hyaline grey, then tinged reddish, or bluish, 
 widely effused, agglutinated; margin similar, or white fimbriate and 
 fugacious. Hymeniurn concolorous, subviscid when moist, pruinose, 
 smooth, tubercular, or radiately wrinkled. Flesh paler, subgelatinous, 
 then horny, dense. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 3-5-5 x 2-3/z,, or 
 "elongate oblong, depressed on one side, 4-5 x 1-5-1-75/z,; basidia 
 15-25-34 x 3-4-5/-1, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3fi long. Basal 
 hyphae thick walled, gelatinous, 3-5/u, in diam., clamp connections 
 rare; superior hyphae 2-3 /u, in diam., rarely distinct" Bourd. & Galz. 
 Dead birch, and elm. Oct. June. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2307. C. seriate Fr. Seriale, in series. 
 R. 5-10 cm., pale tan, isabelline, or greenish, becoming ochraceous, 
 
 tawny, brick red, chocolate, greenish cinereous, or bluish vinous, more 
 rarely livid brown when dry, longitudinally effused, agglutinated, often 
 in series, waxy, rarely shining when dry; margin white, narrow, 
 pubescent. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or papillose, pruinose, 
 very much cracked when dry. Flesh waxy, rigid, dense. Spores white, 
 "narrowly oblong, depressed on the side, 4-7 x 2-5-3 /i; basidia 15- 
 21 x 3-4-5/*, without cystidioles, or 12-27-40 x 3-4-5/n, with 2-4 
 straight sterigmata, 5-7 /x long, and accompanied with numerous 
 fusiform, or subulate cystidioles, 3-4-5/u, in diam., and projecting 
 10-35 /it. Hyphae more or less agglutinated, with walls thin or slightly 
 thickened, 2-5 /a in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. 
 Pine wood. Rare. 
 
 2308. C. ochraceum (Fr.) Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 170, fig. 1. 
 
 0)^/309, pale. 
 
 R. 3-10 cm., pale, or cream colour, then ochraceous, broadly effused, 
 very adnate, waxy; margin white, pruinose, soon similar. Hymenium 
 concolorous, papillose or tubercular, very much cracked when dry. Flesh 
 white, waxy, then firm, agglutinated, thick. Spores white, elliptical, 
 apiculate at the base, 5-6 x 3-4 /u,; "basidia 30-45 x 4-7 p, with 2-4 
 straight sterigmata, 3-^4/x, long. Hyphae with thin or slightly thick- 
 ened walls, 3-3-5 fj. in diam., agglutinated, distinct only at the base" 
 Bourd. & Galz. Conifer trunks, and logs. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.)
 
 CORTICIUM 681 
 
 II. Hymenium homogeneous, regular, consisting of basidia only. 
 Hyphae occasionally septate, with either normal clamp con- 
 nections, or with clamp connections two to three times larger than 
 the normal, and tuberosely swollen at the septa. Growing in humus 
 and on very decayed wood and rubbish. 
 
 2309. C. confine Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3, 
 figs. 12-14. Confine, nearly related. 
 
 R. 310 cm., snow white, becoming yellowish, superficially like Gran- 
 dinia farinacea, widely effused, arachnoid ; margin white, byssoid, 
 somewhat radiating, gradually attenuated. Hymenium white, be- 
 coming cream colour, or ochraceous, granular, like a Grandinia, granules 
 waxy, crowded when fresh, shrinking away from one another, and 
 revealing the white subiculum when dry. Flesh white, fibrillose, loose. 
 Spores white, sub globose, pointed at the base, 3-4 x 2-3 p, usually 
 1-guttulate; basidia 9-15 x 3-5 /A, with 2-4 straight, or slightly 
 curved sterigmata, 2-4ju, long. Basal hyphae 2-4/A in diam., with 
 clamp connections, and often swollen at the septa. Mycelium often 
 forming fine branching cord-like strands beneath the bark. Rotten 
 wood, bark, and twigs. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 III. Hymenium heterogeneous, irregular, consisting of basidia origina- 
 ting at the base of the trama, and surrounded by sterile, undiffer- 
 entiated, mycelial branches. 
 
 2310. C. comedens (Nees) Fr. (= Vuilleminia comedens (Nees) R. 
 Maire; Radulum botrytes Fr. sec. Quel. ; ? Corticium Carlylei 
 Massee sec. Wakef. in litt.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3, 
 fig. 25. Comedens, eating away. 
 
 R. 1-13 cm., flesh colour, or dingy lilac, becoming pale, erumpent, 
 effused, innate, growing under the bark, inseparable, slightly viscid 
 when moist. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, even. Flesh paler, 
 subgelatinous, then rigid, firm. Spores white, sausage-shaped, curved, 
 15-22 x 6-7 jit, 2-4-guttulate. "Basidia scattered, very long, 9-12/u,in 
 diam., with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 8-10 x 3^" Bourd. & Galz. Dead 
 branches, and felled trunks, especially oak. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 IV. Doubtful British species insufficiently described. 
 
 2311. C. nigrescens (Schrad.) Fr. (? = Radulum aterrimum Fr. sec. 
 Quel.; Corticium comedens (Nees) Fr. discoloured sec. Wakef. 
 in litt.) Nigrescens, becoming black. 
 
 R. 2-7-5 cm., yellowish, erumpent, effused, interrupted, agglutinated, 
 inseparable; margin indeterminate. Hymenium yellowish, becoming 
 blackish, spuriously papillose, waxy, pruinose. Flesh waxy, very thin. 
 Spores white, " cyh'ndric-oblong, obtuse at both ends, curved, 18-20 x 
 5-6 ju," Massee. Dead oak and beech branches, growing beneath the 
 bark. Rare.
 
 682 CORTICIUM 
 
 2312. C. populinum (Sommerf.) Fr. 
 
 Populinum, pertaining to poplars. 
 
 R. 1-3 cm., cinereous ferruginous, effused, tubercular, soon confluent, 
 at length involute, marginate, white tomentose beneath. Hymenium 
 ferruginous, uneven. Flesh soft, thin. Spores "white, subglobose, 
 7-8 /JL" Massee. Poplars. Rare. 
 
 2313. C. foetidum B. & Br. Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour, xxvn, 
 t. 6, fig. 3. Foetidum, stinking. 
 
 R. 630 mm., white, then ochraceous, effused, crustaceous, arachnoid 
 beneath. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Flesh crustaceous, thin. 
 Spores white, "elliptical, 7 x 4/x," Massee. Smell very foetid when 
 fresh. Sawdust. Rare. 
 
 2314. C. flaveolum Massee. Flaveolum, yellowish. 
 R. 5-7-5 cm., clear pale primrose yellow, effused, loosely attached 
 
 to the matrix; margin determinate. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. 
 Flesh membranaceous, thin. Spores white, cylindric-eUipsoid, obtuse 
 at both ends, 7 x 5/n. Trunk of tree fern in a conservatory. Rare. 
 
 2315. C. anthochroum (Pers.) Fr. (= Hypochnus anthochrous (Pers.) 
 Quel.) avdos, a flower; %/3o>9, colour. 
 
 R. 315 cm., bright rose colour, or brick red, becoming pale, broadly 
 effused; margin white, byssoid, pruinose. Hymenium concolorous, 
 waxy, sometimes cracked when dry, usually sterile and minutely 
 velvety. Flesh membranaceous, very thin. Spores white, "elliptical, 
 11-13 x 8-9 p" Massee, "ovoid, globose, 5/u, with a large central 
 gutta" Quel. Sycamore and birch sticks. Feb. Rare. 
 
 2316. C. molle Fr. Molk, soft. 
 R. 2-9 cm., pale, or flesh colour, more or less spotted with red, effused, 
 
 subrotund, easily separable, villose underneath; margin naked. Hy- 
 menium concolorous, waxy, papillose, cracked when dry. Flesh mem- 
 branaceous, floccose, loose, soft, thick. Spores white, "cylindric 
 ellipsoid, obtuse at both ends, 7 x 5/u," Massee. Pine trunks and bark. 
 Rare. 
 
 2317. C. strigosum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. var. filamentosum W. G. Sm. 
 (= Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. sec: 
 Wakef. in litt.) Strigosum, lean. 
 
 R. web-like, filamentous, string-like, dull yellowish, externally pul- 
 verulent. Amaryllis. 
 
 C. echinosporum Ellis = Hypochnus echinosporus (Ellis) Burt. 
 C. sulphureum (Pers.) Bres. = Hypochnus t'umosus Fr. 
 C. amorphum (Pers.) Fr. = Aleurodiscus amorphus (Pers.) Rabenh. 
 C. evolvens Fr. = Corticium laeve (Pers.) Quel. 
 C. Typhae (Pers.) Fr. = Epithele Typhae (Pers.) Pat.
 
 CORTICIUM 683 
 
 C.fastidiosum (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. = Cristella cristata (Pers.) Pat. 
 
 C. salicinum Fr. = Cytidia rutilans (Pers.) Quel. 
 
 C. citrinum (Pers.) Fr. = Corticium (Gloeocystidium) radiosum (Fr.) 
 
 Rea. 
 C. lacunosum B. & Br. = Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & 
 
 Litsch. 
 
 C. flocculentum Fr. = Cytidia flocculenta (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 C. scutellare Berk. & Curt. "The British specimen so named by Berk. 
 
 is different from the type " Wakef . in litt. 
 
 C. roseolum Massee = Corticium roseum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Wakef. in litt. 
 C. punctulatum Cke. = Corticium (Gloeocystidium) albostramineum 
 
 (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 C. subalutaceum Karst. = Peniophora subalutacea (Karst.) von Hoehn. 
 
 & Litsch. 
 C. (Coniophora) byssoideum (Pers.) Fr. = Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.) 
 
 von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 
 C. sanguineum Fr. = Peniophora sanguinea (Fr.) Bres. 
 C. velutinum (DC.) Fr. = Peniophora velutina (DC.) Cke. 
 C. puberum Fr. = Peniophora pubera (Fr.) Sacc. 
 C. Roumeguerii Bres. = Peniophora Molleriana (Bres.) Sacc. 
 C. giganteum Fr. = Peniophora gigantea (Fr.) Massee. 
 C. incarnatum (Pers.) Fr. = Peniophora incarnata (Pers.) Cke. 
 C. nudum Fr. = Peniophora nuda (Fr.) Bres. 
 C. maculaeforme Fr. = Peniophora nuda (Fr.) Bres. var. maculae- 
 
 fonnis (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 C. wolaceo-lividum (Sommerf.) Fr. = Peniophora violaceo-livida 
 
 (Sommerf.) Bres. ex Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 C. Lycii (Pers.) Cke. = Peniophora caesia (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 C. cinereum Fr. = Peniophora cinerea (Fr.) Cke. 
 C. laevigatum Fr. = Peniophora laevigata (Fr.) Massee. 
 C. quercinum (Pers.) Fr. = Peniophora quercina (Pers.) Cke. 
 C. limitatum Fr. = Peniophora limitata (Fr.) Cke. 
 C. subdealbatum B. & Br. = Coniophora subdealbata (B. & Br.) 
 
 Massee. 
 
 C. Carlylei Massee = ? C. comedens (Nees) Fr. sec. Wakef. in litt. 
 C. sphaerosporum (R. Maire) von Hoehn. & Litsch. = Hypochnus 
 
 sphaerosporus R. Maire. 
 C. submutabile von Hoehn. & Litsch. = Hypochnus submutabilis (von 
 
 Hoehn. & Litsch.) Rea. 
 
 Subgen. Gloeocystidium Karst. 
 
 (7X0*09, sticky; KVO-TK, bladder.) 
 
 Differs from Corticium in possessing gloeocystidia, generally im- 
 mersed in the tissue, which resemble cystidia, but their walls are 
 never thickened, nor incrusted with crystalline deposits.
 
 684 CORTICITTM 
 
 *Spores turning blue with iodine. 
 
 2318. C. (Gloeo.) porosum Berk. & Curt. (= Gloeocystidium stra- 
 mineum Bres.) Tropo?, a pore. 
 
 R. 1-8 cm., white, then cream colour, or straw colour, effused, adnate ; 
 margin white, narrow, pruinose, or reticulately porous. Hymenium 
 concolorous, smooth. Flesh concolorous, subgelatinous, firm, dense. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 4r-7 x 2-4/u,, generally 2-guttulate, the mem- 
 brane turning deep violet blue with iodine ; basidia 12-18-28 x 3 6/u,, 
 with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4//, long. Gloeocystidia abundant, tapering 
 to an obtuse, narrow apex, 15-150 x 6 14ju,, sometimes bifurcate, 
 contents granular, yellowish, then resinous. Hyphae coherent, T5- 
 3fj, in diam. Fallen branches, and decorticated wood. Jan. Dec. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Spores not turning blue with iodine. 
 
 2319. C. (Gloeo.) polygonium (Pers.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, 
 t. 3, figs. 21-22. TToXvycoviov, with many angles. 
 
 R. 3-80 mm.., flesh colour, or lilac, erumpent in small cushions, then 
 confluent, and effused, very adnate, pruinose; margin white, or flesh 
 colour, narrow, pruinose. Hymenium concolorous, often reddish when 
 dried, pruinose, soft. Flesh pale, subgrumous, waxy, then hard, and 
 firm. Spores white, cylindrical, slightly curved, with a lateral 
 apiculus, 8-13 x 3-4 /LI; basidia 45-55 x 6-8 fi. Gloeocystidia in- 
 cluded, forming balloon-like, pear-shaped, or subglobose vesicular 
 swellings, 20-30 ju. in diam. Basal hyphae hyaline, rather thick walled, 
 3-6ju, in diam., with clamp connections. Dead branches, especially 
 poplar. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2320. C. (Gloeo.) roseo-cremeum Bres. 
 
 Roseus, rose colour; cremeum, cream colour. 
 
 R. 3-5 cm., pallid pink, or dull reddish when bruised, effused, waxy; 
 margin white, pruinose, or pubescent. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, 
 or minutely porous, minutely atomate under a lens. Flesh pale, waxy 
 membranaceous, soft. Spores white, cylindrical, straight, the inner 
 side flattened, 8-11 x 3-4/x; basidia 22-45 x 4-7 /i, with 2-4-sterig- 
 mata, 4-7 //, long. Paraphyses long, slender, blunt at the apex, 2-3 /A 
 in diam. Gloeocystidia, when present, completely immersed in the 
 tissue, cylindrical, wavy, 30-90 x 5-9/i, contents pale yellowish. 
 Basal hyphae thin walled, 2-5-7 /x in diam., with occasional clamp 
 connections. Rotten wood. Oct. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2321. C. (Gloeo.) praetermissum (Karst.) Bres. (= Peniophora praeter- 
 missa Karst. ; Corticium tenue Pat.) Praetermissum, passed over. 
 
 R. 1-6 cm., pure white, then yellowish, or greenish, widely effused, 
 adnate, smooth; margin very thin, indeterminate, somewhat porous
 
 CORTICIUM 685 
 
 under a lens. Hymenium concolorous, becoming cream colour with age, 
 or when dried. Flesh pale, waxy, soft, loose. Spores white, elliptical 
 to cylindric ellipsoid, slightly curved, or flattened on the one side, 
 7-12 x 3-5-6-5/Li; basidia 18-38 x 6-11/t, with 2-4 rather straight 
 sterigmata, 4-5 x 1/i. Gloeocystidia cylindrical, subfusiform, or ven- 
 tricose, 21-150 x 4-5-21/u, contents hyaline, or pale yellowish. Basal 
 hyphae loosely interwoven, much branched, 2-5-7 /A in diam., with 
 clamp connections. Bark, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2322. C. (Gloeo.) lactescens Berk. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. rv, t. 3, 
 figs. 6-8. Lactescens, turning to milk. 
 
 R. 1-20 cm., whitish, or flesh colour, widely effused, agglutinated, 
 adnate ; margin white, narrow, byssoid, pubescent. Hymenium white, 
 then cream, tan, flesh colour, or greenish, and finally brownish pink, 
 smooth, pruinose, cracked when dry. Flesh pale, waxy, fibrillose, 
 rather thick, giving out a watery, milk white juice when wounded. 
 Spores white, broadly elliptical, obtuse at both ends, with a lateral 
 apiculus, 5-9 x 4-6 /A, contents densely granular; basidia 20-40 x 
 5-8/z. Gloeocystidia cylindrical, sometimes swollen at the base, 80- 
 600 x 4-9 fM, contents oily, and granular. Basal hyphae coherent, 
 1/u- in diam., other hyphae 1-3 /A in diam. Smell like that of Lactarius 
 quietus. Dead oak, ash, and willow trunks, and branches. Sept. 
 Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2323. C. (Gloeo.) radiosum (Fr.) Rea. (= Gloeocystidium alutaceum 
 (Schrad.) Bourd. & Galz.; Corticium citrinum (Pers.) Fr. sec. 
 Bres.) Radiosum, radiant. 
 
 R. 3-10 cm., milk white, becoming yellowish, widely effused, closely 
 adnate, waxy; margin white, broad, fibrillose, silky, radiating. Hy- 
 menium milk white, or bright yellow when fresh, becoming cream, tan, 
 or dingy ochraceous, very smooth. Flesh white, waxy, fibrillose, thin. 
 Spores white, "subglobose, shortly apiculate at the base, 4-7 x 4-6 /x, 
 sometimes rough; basidia 35-60 x 5-9 /*, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 
 4-6^, long. Gloeocystidia very thin- walled and hyaline, oboval, 
 fusiform, or prolonged into a neck, often constricted in the middle, 
 60-150 x 8-27 /A, contents hyaline, not granular. Hyphae thin walled, 
 2-3 jit in diam., soon collapsing" Bourd. & Galz. Rotten wood. 
 Oct. Feb. Uncommon. 
 
 2324. C. (Gloeo.) albostramineum (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hy- 
 
 pochnus albostramineus Bres. ; Corticium punctulatum Cke. sec. 
 Wakef. in litt.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. rv, t. 3, figs. 9-11. 
 
 Albus, white; stramineum, straw colour. 
 
 R. 3-6 cm., whitish, then deep cream or pale straw colour, widely 
 effused, separable; margin similar, indeterminate, subreticulate, or
 
 686 COBTICIUM. CRISTELLA 
 
 fibrillose, thin. Hymenium concolorous, rather loose, pulverulent 
 under a lens. Flesh whitish, floccose, loose, rather thick. Spores white, 
 broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 7-9 x 6-8/u,, contents granular, 
 thick walled ("finely granular, or rough, becoming smooth" Bourd. 
 & Galz.); basidia 25-35-60 x 5-9 /x, with 2-4 slightly curved sterig- 
 mata, 6-12/x long. Gloeocystidia erect, cylindrical, elongate, 45- 
 120 x 6-9 p, thin walled, contents staining rather deeply. Basal 
 hyphae interwoven, 5-6//, in diam., much branched, with numerous 
 clamp connections. Bark, fallen branches, especially pine. Sept. 
 April. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2325. C. (Gloeo.) coroniferum von Hoehn. & Litsch. Trans. Brit. 
 Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 140. Corona, a crown ',fero, I bear. 
 
 R. 3-5 cm., pure white, then cream, effused, easily separable as a 
 delicate pellicle; margin indeterminate, gradually thinning out to a 
 cobweb-like film. Hymenium concolorous, pulverulent. Flesh very 
 thin, fragile. Spores white, narrowly elliptical, with an oblique basal 
 apiculus, 4-5-6-8 x 2-3-5 /z; basidia cylindric-clavate, wavy, 3-5-4/u, 
 in diam., when mature elongated and projecting from the hymenium, 
 apex truncate, sterigmata 4-8, in British specimens usually 4, rather 
 long. Gloeocystidia rare, sometimes wanting, cylindrical, obtuse, 
 very thin walled, 45-50 x 5-6/z, contents more or less yellowish. 
 Basal hyphae frequently septate, with clamp connections, 4-5 /u. in 
 diam. Bark, and rotten wood, often spreading on to the surrounding 
 soil. Sept. Jan. Uncommon. 
 
 Gloeocystidium croceo-tingens Wakef. sec. Bres. in Ann. Mycol. xviu 
 (1920), 48 = Sebacina (Bourdotia) Eyrei Wakef. 
 
 Cristella Pat. (-Thelephora (Ehrh.) Fr. p.p.) 
 
 (Cristella, a little crest.) 
 
 Receptacle waxy, firm, effused, incrusting. Hymenium smooth, or 
 tubercular. Spores white, ovoid, or oboval, echinulate; basidia cla- 
 vate, with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground, 
 on wood, mosses, or dead herbaceous stems. 
 
 2326. C. cristata (Pers.) Pat. (= Thelephora fastidiosa (Pers.) Fr. ; 
 Corticium fastidiosum (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz.) Pat. Essai tax. 
 des Hymen, fig. 28. Cristata, crested. 
 
 R. 5-30 cm., white, chalky in appearance, then becoming yellowish, 
 widely effused, incrusting, shapeless, or forming irregular, flattened, 
 confluent, lobed, or subulate branches, fringed, or laciniate at the apex. 
 Hymenium concolorous, papillose, granular, or reticulately veined. 
 Flesh white, fibrillosely floccose, thin. Spores white, echinulate, ovoid, 
 or obovate, 5-9 x 3-5 /it; basidia clavate, 20-25 x 5-6 /M, with 2-4 
 slightly bent sterigmata, 4-6 /A long. Hyphae very thin walled, 1-5-
 
 PENIOPHORA 687 
 
 4-5/A in diam., sparingly septate, with clamp connections, and some- 
 times swollen up to 6-12/x, in diam., often incrusted with crystals. 
 Smell unpleasant, or slight, of garlic when quite fresh. On the ground, 
 and running over sticks, dead leaves, twigs and herbaceous stems. 
 Jan. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Peniophora Cke. 
 
 (Trrjviov, a shuttle; <^epa), I bear.) 
 
 Eeceptacle waxy, coriaceous, cartilaginous, membranaceous, sub- 
 membranaceous, floccose, or filamentous; resupinate, effused. Hy- 
 menium waxy, floccose, or pulverulent; smooth, rarely tubercular. 
 Spores white, rarely pink, or yellowish, elliptical, subelliptical, glo- 
 bose, subglobose, oboval, clavate, subcylindrical, fusiform, oblong, 
 needle-shaped, or sausage-shaped; smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterig- 
 mata, sometimes accompanied by cystidioles. Cystidia hyaline, 
 rarely coloured, fusiform, oboval, elliptical, subglobose, subulate, 
 conical, acicular, filiform, cylindrical, clavate or capitate, sometimes 
 septate, and with clamp connections, smooth, or incrusted with 
 crystalline granules, generally thick walled, sometimes thin walled 
 and then projecting, not immersed in the tissue. Growing on wood, 
 more rarely on leaves, or on the ground. 
 
 1. Cystidia cylindrical, or conical, thick walled, not incrusted ex- 
 ternally with crystalline deposits, often divided at the base into 
 several roots. In Peniophora Aegerita and its allies the walls of the 
 cystidia are more or less rugose, the central canal is narrow and 
 not enlarged at the apex, and the trama is poor or indistinct. In 
 Peniophora glebulosa and its allies the cystidia are very thick 
 walled, vitreous, with a capillary canal always more or less abruptly 
 dilated at the apex and with thinner walls. 
 
 2327. P. Aegerita von Hoehn. & Litsch. Beit, zur Kennt. der Cort. 
 in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. 
 Bd. cxvi (1907), 813, and reprint 75, text-fig. 7. 
 Aegerita, a genus of fungi, with which this species is always 
 associated. 
 
 R. 1-5 cm., white to alutaceous, effused, adnate. Hymenium con- 
 color ous, finely bristling with the cystidia under a lens, and porous. Flesh 
 white, submembranaceous, very thin. Spores white, broadly ellip- 
 tical, or subglobose, 6-9 x 5-6 ju,, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 24- 
 30 x 7-8 //,, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 4-6 /A long. Cystidia arising 
 from the basal hyphae, cylindrical, or slightly swollen below, apex 
 blunt, 42-100 x 6-12//,, thick walled, rugose throughout their length. 
 Hyphae thin walled, 3-4-5ju, in diam., soon collapsing. Rotten sticks, 
 and fallen branches, generally in association with Aegerita Candida 
 Pers. Sept. April. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 688 PENIOPHORA 
 
 2328. P. glebulosa (Fr.) Bres. (= Thelephora calcea Fr. var. gkbulosa 
 Fr.) Bres. Fung. Trid. n, 1. 170, fig. 2. 
 
 Gkbulosa, full of little clods. 
 
 R. 2-5 cm., cream colour, dirty white, or greyish, effused, closely 
 adnate ; margin mealy, or similar. Hymenium concolorous, pubescent 
 with the cystidia, cracked into small irregular areas when dry. Flesh 
 pale, membranaceous, floccose, rather thick, dense. Spores white, 
 narrowly cylindrical, curved, 7-9-5 x 1-5-2 /LI; basidia 5-15 x 3-4 /A, 
 with 4-sterigmata, about 4/A long. Cystidia cylindrical to conical, 
 70-160 x 6-1 2 /a, obtuse, or pointed, sometimes subventricose at the 
 base, often forked below, some sunken, and some projecting 90 p, 
 above the hymenium, springing from the basal hyphae, thick walled, 
 smooth, or slightly incrusted in the upper portion. Hyphae thin 
 walled, 1 3/x in diam., very closely interwoven and scarcely distinct. 
 Wood, and bark. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 var. subulata Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs. 
 p. 72. Subulata, awl-shaped. 
 
 Differs from the type in the hymenium not cracking into small 
 irregular areas when dry, and in the more acute, or subulate cystidia. 
 On wood. Nov. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2329. P. accedens Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text- 
 figs, p. 140. Accedens, approaching. 
 
 R. 12 cm., whitish, or greyish, irregularly effused, spot-like, filmy. 
 Hymenium concolorous, becoming cracked when dry, setulose, glisten- 
 ing with the cystidia under a lens. Flesh very thin, scarcely per- 
 ceptible. Spores white, elliptical, with a lateral apiculus, 4-5 x 3- 
 3-5/>i, often 1-guttulate; basidia 9-15 x 4-4-5/Li, with 2 4-sterigmata, 
 3-3-5/x, long. Cystidia filiform, or linear, 50-60 x 4/u,, dilated at the 
 apex into a globose head, 10-11 {j, in diam., thick walled. Hyphae in- 
 distinct, 1-5-2/Lt in diam. Rotten wood. Nov. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2330. P. subalutacea (Karst.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Corticium 
 subalutaceum Karst.) Sub, somewhat ; alutacea, tanned leather. 
 
 R. 2-5 cm., dirty white, or greyish, with a slight ochraceous tinge, 
 widely effused, adnate; margin very narrow, pruinose, or similar. 
 Hymenium concolorous, loose, rather rough under a lens, with slight, 
 irregularly scattered thickenings of the tissue (hardly granules). 
 Spores white, narrowly cylindrical, slightly curved, 5-9 x 1-5-2-5/n; 
 basidia 10-24 x 3-5/i, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 4-5/x- long. Cys- 
 tidia cylindrical, slightly attenuated at the base, 95-150 x 5-7 p, pro- 
 jecting 60 IJL or more above the hymenium, smooth, thin walled and 
 thinner at the rounded apex, often 1-2-septate. Basal hyphae much 
 branched, wavy, rather rigid, thick walled, 2-3/n in diam., with clamp 
 connections. Wood, and fallen branches of conifers. Sept. Oct. Un-
 
 PENIOPHOBA 689 
 
 2. Trama always distinct. Cystidia long, arising from the basal 
 hyphae and more or less similar, narrowly clavate, fusiform, or 
 swollen into a ball at the apex or at the septa, often septate with, 
 or without, clamp connections. The membranes are readily stained 
 by a weak alkaline solution of eosin. Spores subglobose, oboval, 
 or fusiform. 
 
 2331. P. pallidula Bres. ex Bourd. & Galz. (= Gonatobotrys pallidula 
 Bres.) Beit, zur Kennt. der Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. 
 d. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. Bd. cxvi (1907), 827, and 
 reprint 89, text-fig. 12, as Gloeocystidium oleosum von Hoehn. 
 & Litsch. Pallidula, palish. 
 
 R. 1-6 cm., pallid, yellowish cream colour, or clay, regularly effused, 
 or interrupted, Hypochnus-like ; margin similar, rarely pruinose. Hy- 
 menium concolorous, pubescent, often granular, unequal. Flesh pale, 
 filamentous, very thin. Spores white, oval, or subglobose, apiculate 
 at the base, 4-6 x 3-4 /z, often with a large central gutta; basidia 
 12-21 x 4jM, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4/z, long. Cystidia cylindrical, 
 40-120 x 4-6ju, 1-4-septate, often constricted at the septa, or 
 swollen, often incrusted. Hyphae thin walled, 2-4ju, in diam., with 
 scattered clamp connections. Rotten wood, dead branches, and 
 fallen leaves. Oct. March. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2332. P. detritica Bourd. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 319. 
 
 Detritica, worn down. 
 
 R. 1-2 cm., pure white, effused, with scattered granules suggesting 
 a Grandinia. Hymenium concolorous, not continuous, appearing 
 farinaceous under a lens. Flesh very thin, floccose, membranaceous. 
 Spores white, broadly elliptical, or obovate, 5-6 x 4jn, 1-guttulate; 
 basidia 12-15-24 x 4-4-5/i, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4^, long. Cystidia 
 cylindrical, or narrowly club-shaped, apex obtuse, 70-90 x 5-6 /z, 
 smooth, thin walled. Hyphae 2-4/x in diam., thin walled, septate, 
 with clamp connections. Rotten wood. Feb. Rare. 
 
 2333. P. sphaerospora von Hoehn. & Litsch. Beit, zur Kennt. der 
 Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch, Wien, Math.- 
 Nat. Kl. Bd. cxv (1906), 1600, and reprint 52, text-fig. 5. 
 
 (r<f>alpa, a ball; cnropd, seed. 
 
 R. 1-5 cm., chalk white, broadly effused, firmly attached to the sub- 
 stratum, -15--30 mm. thick. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or 
 papillate, waxy when fresh, not cracked when dry; margin indeter- 
 minate. Flesh concolorous, membranaceous, thin. Spores hyaline, 
 globose, apiculate, 4-7 p,, smooth, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 25- 
 35 x 6-8 /A, with 4 long, subulate sterigmata. Cystidia abundant, 
 cylindrical, apex usually narrowed, 35-85 x 5-8/z, thin walled, pro- 
 jecting 10-40^1 above the hymenium. Hyphae 4-5 ft in diam., smooth, 
 K. B. B. 44
 
 690 PENIOPHORA 
 
 thin walled, subnodulose, often anastomosing, with frequent clamp con- 
 nections. Naked ground and fallen stick, probably alder. Nov. Rare. 
 
 2334. P. byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Corticium (Conio- 
 phora) byssoideum (Pers.) Fr.; Coniophorella byssoidea (Pers.) 
 Bres.; Corticium lacunosum B. & Br. ; Peniophora tomentella 
 Bres.) ySuo-cro?, fine flax; et8o?, like. 
 
 R. 1-6 cm., ochrey white, drying cream colour, to ''Naples yellow," 
 widely effused, dry, arachnoid, separable; margin whitish, byssoid. 
 Hymenium concolorous, even, tomentose, or pulverulent. Flesh 
 yellowish, floccose, loose. Spores yellowish, sometimes nearly hyaline 
 under the microscope, broadly elliptical, or pip-shaped, 4-4-5 x 2-5- 
 3-5/u,; basidia 12-25 x 4-5-5 /n, with 2-4-sterigmata, 2-5-3 /u, long. 
 Cystidia yellowish, cylindrical, or narrowly fusiform, tapering, sharp 
 pointed, 60-90 x 3-6 fj,, projecting 20-75/u. above the hymenium, thin 
 walled, or slightly thickened, 1-4-septate, generally with clamp con- 
 nections. Hyphae yellowish, thin walled, 2-5-4 /x, in diam., very loosely 
 interwoven, with clamp connections. Rotten wood, fallen twigs, and 
 leaves, especially in conifer woods. Sept. April. Notuncommon. (v.v.) 
 
 2335. P. longispora (Pat.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (== Hypochnus longi- 
 sporus Pat.) Longus, long; o-Tropa, seed. 
 
 R. 2-5 cm., whitish yellow, widely effused, thin, pubescent, then 
 consisting of a membrane incompletely felted, scarcely adnate. Spores 
 white, "fusiform, or acicular, straight, or slightly flexuose, 12-18 x 
 1-3 fj,, multi-guttulate ; basidia 1224 x 4-5 /x. Cystidia needle-shaped, 
 sometimes bulbous at the base, 60-75 x 2-5-6/x, fairly thick walled, 
 rough with crystals, projecting 30-45)u,. Hyphae rigid, 2-5-4^, in 
 diam., walls slightly thickened, often verrucose, with clamp con- 
 nections" Bourd. & Galz. Rotten, moist wood in cool places. Spring 
 Winter. Rare. 
 
 3. Receptacle pelliculose, or membranaceous ; subiculum soft, more 
 or less thick, fibrillose, and forming long, branched, rhizomorphoid 
 strands. 
 
 2336. P. sanguinea (Fr.) Bres. (= Corticium sanguineum Fr.) Fr. 
 Icon. t. 198, fig. 2, as Corticium sanguineum Fr. and Trans. 
 Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3, figs. 18-20. Sanguinea, blood coloured. 
 
 R. 2-30 cm., blood red, effused, loosely adnate, arachnoid beneath ; 
 margin blood red, byssoid, or fibrillose, running out, and connected 
 with the spreading strands of the blood red, rhizomorphoid mycelium. 
 Hymenium creamy white, or tinged with pink, rarely red, smooth, be- 
 coming slightly cracked when dry. Flesh concolorous, membrana- 
 ceous, floccose, loose, containing a red juice. Spores white, sub- 
 elliptical, often with a curved apiculus, 5-6 x 2-4 /u; basidia 16-40 x 
 4-7 /LI. Cystidia sparse, cylindrical-fusiform, pointed, 40-60 x 4-7 p,
 
 PENIOPHORA 691 
 
 thin walled, smooth, rarely slightly incrusted. Basal hyphae with 
 slightly thickened walls, 3-9 /i in diam., with rather few clamp con- 
 nections ; subhymenial hyphae 3-4 /j. in diam. Dead wood, and fallen 
 branches, especially of conifers. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2337. P. leprosa Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, 
 p. 318. Leprosa, rough. 
 
 R. 1-3 cm., white, then ochraceous, irregularly effused, crustaceous; 
 margin white, indeterminate, occasionally prolonged into white rhizo- 
 morphic strands. Hymenium pinkish ochraceous, somewhat cracked 
 when dry, rough with cystidia under a lens. Flesh somewhat thick, 
 fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 2-5-3 /A. Basidia inconspicuous, 
 about 4/i in diam. Cystidia very rough, cylindrical to subfusiform, 
 frequently occurring in clusters, so as to give an Odontia-like appear- 
 ance, occasionally branched near the apex, 60-90 x 8-14/7,. Basal 
 hyphae 3-4(-7)/u,, often strongly incrusted with crystals, clamp con- 
 nections rare. Dead bark. April. Rare. 
 
 4. Receptacle membranaceous, fairly thick, easily separable when 
 fresh. Cystidia often little differentiated from the cystidioles 
 (sterile basidia) of Corticium, or scattered and unequally distributed. 
 
 2338. P. cremea Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. n, t. 73, fig. 2, as Corticium 
 (Peniophora) cremeum Bres. Cremea, cream colour. 
 
 R. 2-6 cm., white, cream to ochraceous, broadly effused, separable; 
 margin white, arachnoid, then similar. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, 
 or here and there slightly tubercular, velvety, widely cracked when 
 dry. Flesh white, membranaceous, soft, thin. Spores white, oblong, 
 or cylindric ellipsoid, slightly curved, 4-8 x 2-4 jn; basidia 20-50 or 
 more x 7/u, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4 p long. Cystidia cylindrical, or 
 slightly elongated fusiform, tapering very gradually from the base to 
 the blunt apex, 70-120 x 5-9 fj,, very thin walled, smooth, or slightly 
 incrusted at the apex with easily detached crystals, usually projecting 
 up to 60 jj, ; sometimes thicker walled, embedded cystidia are present, 
 shorter than the projecting ones, fusiform, much incrusted, 40-60 x 
 9-10/i. Subhymenial hyphae loosely interwoven, much branched, 
 rather rigid, thick walled, constricted at the septa so as to appear 
 somewhat jointed, with no clamp connections, 5-6 fi in diam. Bark, 
 and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. Alleseheri (Bres.) Wakef. Bres. Fung. Trid. n, t. 72, as Corticium 
 (Peniophora) Alleseheri Bres. A. Allescher. 
 
 Differs from the type in its thicker subiculum, more sharply differen- 
 tiated from the hymenium, and containing numerous, short, rough, thick 
 walled cystidia. Bark. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 442
 
 692 PENIOPHORA 
 
 2339. P. laevis (Fr.) Burt. Laevis, smooth. 
 E. 1-3 cm., white, then cream coloured, broadly effused, not closely 
 
 adnate; margin radiately fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, more or 
 less cracked when dry. Flesh concolorous, membranaceous, thin. 
 Spores hyaline, elliptical oblong, 4-5-6 x 2-5-3-5^,, 1-guttulate; 
 basidia very variable, 20-36 x 3-6/u, (most frequently 35 x 4-5/u), 
 with 2-4-sterigmata, 4-6 />(, long. Cystidia fusoid, 40-90 x 4-7 /z, with- 
 out incrustation, x 6-llja with incrustation, walls thin or slightly 
 thickened. Hyphae regular with few, or no, clamp connections, thin 
 walled; subhymenial hyphae 3-4 /A in diam.; basal hyphae up to 
 7-8/x, in diam. Birch bark. Nov. Eare. 
 
 2340. P. velutina (DC.) Cke. (= Corticium velutinum (DC.) Fr. ; 
 Peniophora scotica Massee.) Grevillea, vm, t. 125, no. 15. 
 
 Velutina, velvety. 
 
 E. 3-15 cm., white, or whitish, broadly effused, adnate ; margin 
 white, or flesh colour, running out into long, branching strands. Hy- 
 menium concolorous, becoming flesh colour, or reddish when dried, 
 minutely velvety. Flesh concolorous, soft, loose, fairly thick. Spores 
 white, oblong, elliptical, apiculate at the base, 4-8 x 2-5-5 /A; basidia 
 "20-32-50 x 4-7 ju. Cystidia fusiform, 30-140 x 6-9 p, generally 
 thick walled, smooth, or incrusted with oxalate crystals (18/z in 
 diam.), immersed in the tissue, or projecting. Basal hyphae more or 
 less thick walled, 4-lOju, in diam., with few clamp connections; sub- 
 hymenial hyphae thin walled, 3-4 //, in diam., soon collapsing" Bourd. 
 & Galz. Wood, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2341. P. setigera (Fr.) Bres. (= Kneiffia setigera Fr.) Pat. Essai tax. 
 des Hymen, fig. 45, as Corticium setigerum (Fr.) Karst. 
 
 Setigera, having bristles. 
 
 E. 2-10 cm., white, yellowish when dry, broadly effused, or indeter- 
 minate, closely adnate, incrusting. Hymenium concolorous, papillose, 
 beset with scattered, or fasciculate hyaline bristles, often very much 
 cracked. Flesh concolorous, floccose, loose, thin. Spores white, "sub- 
 cylindrical, slightly curved, 8-11-16 x 3-4-6 /i, contents granular, or 
 1-multi-guttulate; basidia 21-45 x 4-8 /i, with 7-8-sterigmata. Cys- 
 tidia cylindrical, 75-250 x 7-15/x,, septate, with, or without, clamp 
 connections, often incrusted with crystalline granules, immersed, or 
 projecting. Basal hyphae distinct, thin walled, 2-4-8 /x, in diam., with 
 clamp connections, medial and subhymenial hyphae soon collapsing, 
 2-3/t in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and fallen branches. 
 Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 5. Eeceptacle waxy, very adnate, pubescent, hispid, or guttulate 
 under a lens. Cystidia abundant, strongly incrusted with crystalline 
 granules.
 
 PENIOPHORA 693 
 
 2342. P.pubera(Fr.)Sacc. (=Corticiumpuberum~FT.) Bres. Fung. Trid. 
 n, 1. 145, fig. 1, as Corticium puberum Fr. Pubera, grown up. 
 
 R. 2-8 cm., white, becoming dirty yellowish, broadly effused, closely 
 adnate, indeterminate ; margin mealy, soon similar. Hymenium con- 
 color ous, smooth., at first velvety, then setulose, finally widely cracked. 
 Flesh concolorous, waxy, thin. Spores white, subcylindrical, depressed 
 on one side, 7-9 x 4-5 p; basidia "18-25-60 x 4-6 /A. Cystidia fusi- 
 form or elongate conical, pointed, 30-90-150 x 6-12-35/j, thick 
 walled, with separable incrustations. Basal hyphae sparse, thick 
 walled, 4-6 /A in diam. ; medial and upper hyphae vertical, thin walled, 
 2-4 //, in diam., little distinct, with rare clamp connections" Bourd. & 
 Galz. Dead wood. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2343. P. Molleriana (Bres.) Sacc. (= Corticium Roumeguerii Bres.) 
 Bres. Fung. Trid. n, 1. 144, fig. 1, as Corticium Roumeguerii Bres. 
 
 A. F. Holler. 
 
 R. 1-6 cm., cream to bright biscuit colour, broadly effused, closely 
 adnate; margin white, abrupt, or narrow, and pruinose. Hymenium 
 concolorous, smooth, dry, opaque, almost farinaceous, cracked when 
 dry. Flesh whitish, waxy, soft, then rigid, porcelain-like, brittle. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 3-5-5 x 2-2-5 JM; basidia clavate, 12-20-30 x 
 4 5/x, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 2-4 x -5ju.. Cystidia very abun- 
 dant, mostly immersed in the tissue, fusiform, or conical, apex acute, 
 60-70 x 10/i, thick walled, much incrusted in the upper portion. 
 Hyphae closely agglutinated, scarcely distinct, 2-2-5/A in diam. Fallen 
 logs. May. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2344. P. hydnoides Cke. & Massee. (= Peniophora crystallina von 
 Hoehn. & Litsch. ; Odontia conspersa Bres. ; Peniophora rimosa 
 Cke. and Peniophora terrestris Massee sec. Wakef. in litt.) 
 Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour, xxv, t. 47, figs. 15-16. 
 
 vSvov, the genus Hydnum', elSos, like. 
 
 R. 5-13 cm., whitish, or greyish, broadly effused, subinnate, inde- 
 terminate, closely adnate, waxy, hyaline. Hymenium grey, often be- 
 coming somewhat cream coloured, setulose, and finally cracked. Flesh 
 thin, filamentous. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or subcylindrical, 
 more or less depressed on one side, 4-5 x 1-5-2/Lt. Basidia clavate, 
 8-14 x 3-4jLt, with 4 straight sterigmata, 4-5 /x long. Cystidia hyaline, 
 subconical, or fusiform, aggregated in clusters, 60-120 x 10-12^t, thick 
 walled, strongly incrusted. Basal hyphae indistinct. Bark, and fallen 
 branches. Sept. June. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2345. P. gigantea (Fr.) Massee. (= Corticium giganteum Fr.; Penio- 
 phora Crosslandii Massee sec. Wakef. in litt.) Fr. Icon. t. 197, 
 fig. 3, as Corticium giganteum Fr. <yiya$, a giant. 
 
 R. 3-30 cm., hyaline white, very broadly effused, swelling when 
 moist, cartilaginous when dry; margin white, fibrillose, radiating,
 
 694 PENIOPHOKA 
 
 finally becoming free. Hymenium concolorous, often tinged broivnish 
 or lilac when old, smooth, minutely velvety. Flesh whitish, waxy, then 
 horny and parchment-like, thick, tough. Spores white, oblong, sub- 
 cylindrical, attenuated at the base, 5-8 x 2-5-4 /LI, "basidia 12-18- 
 30 x 4-5/it. Cystidia fusiform, subulate, often contracted, 40-100 x 
 9-16/z,, very thick walled, apex often incrusted. Hyphae very thick 
 walled, 4-7 //, in diam., with few clamp connections, subhymenial 
 hyphae thin walled, 2-5-3^ in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Stumps, fallen 
 branches, and needles of pines, rarely of other conifers. Jan. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 6. Receptacle at first waxy, becoming hard and rigid, closely adnate, 
 sometimes contracting when dry and becoming free at the margin, 
 or splitting and becoming inrolled along the cracks; varying in 
 colour from orange or brick red, to cinereous grey or brownish 
 bistre, passing through rose colour, purple, violaceous livid, etc. 
 The cystidia often commence as gloeocystidia with granular con- 
 tents which concentrate in vitreous or amber coloured masses, 
 more or less rugose and split up, along the inside of the walls and 
 incrust either the whole of the cystidium, or else only the upper 
 portion, in the latter case the cystidium appears as if stipitate : 
 the membrane of the cystidium is often torn and reabsorbed : other 
 cystidia oboval in the basal hyphae, narrowly fusiform in the trama, 
 have thick, smooth walls from the commencement. 
 
 2346. P. aurantiaca (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 144, 
 fig. 2, as Corticium aurantiacum Bres. Aurantiaca, golden. 
 
 R. 1-4 cm., orange, or vermilion, becoming paler or somewhat tan 
 colour, effused, forming small round patches, then confluent; margin 
 white, broad, radiating. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, pruinose. 
 Flesh pale, waxy, firm, dense. Spores white, or slightly tinged with 
 pink in the mass, broadly elliptical, 14-18 x 9-11 /A; basidia 55-90 x 
 12-15/z. Cystidia fusiform, 30-85 x 7-10/i, thick walled, incrusted. 
 Hyphae irregular, dense, thin walled, 3-6 //,. Fallen branches, especially 
 alder. Sept. Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2347. P. incarnata (Pers.) Cke. (= Corticium incarnatum (Pers.) Fr.) 
 
 Incarnata, flesh colour. 
 
 R. 3-13 cm., reddish, or orange, effused, agglutinated, adnate; 
 margin white, narrow, byssoid, radiating, fugacious, often wanting. 
 Hymenium concolorous, pruinose, sometimes undulato-papillose, and 
 becoming cracked. Flesh slightly coloured, waxy, then rigid, firm. 
 Spores white, subcylindrical, laterally depressed, 7-12 x 4-5/A, 3-4- 
 guttulate; basidia 20-40 x 5-7 /z. Cystidia fusiform, or cylindrical, 
 25-60 x 6-15/z, thick walled, incrusted. Hyphae thin walled, 3-5/z 
 in diam., basal hyphae coloured. Dead wood, and branches. Jan. 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 PENIOPHORA 695 
 
 var. hydnoidea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Radulum laetum Fr.) 
 
 vSvov, the genus Hydnum; elSos, like. 
 
 Differs from the type in its Radulum-like hymenium, and sub- 
 corticolous habit. Dead wood, and branches of hornbeam, more rarely 
 on alder. Oct. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2348. P. nuda (Fr.) Bres. (= Corticium nudum Fr. ; ? Peniophora 
 ochracea (Fr.) Mass. sec. Wakef. in litt.) Nuda, naked. 
 
 R. -5-6 cm., hyaline livid, then rose colour or pale lilac, effused, con- 
 fluent, adnate; margin similar, or narrow, pruinose. Hymenium con- 
 colorous, becoming paler, pruinose, cracked when dry. Flesh brownish, 
 waxy, then rigid, firm. Spores white, "cylindrical, incurved, 7-12 x 
 3-5 /z; basidia 15-27 x 4-7 ju. Cystidia hyaline, the basal ones oboval, 
 or elliptical, 15-45 x (6-)15-19/i, the others more elongate, 45-50 x 
 6-8/u,, thin walled, contents granular, incrusting the walls, rugose, 
 cracked. Hyphae little distinct, 3-5/u, in diam." Bourd. & Galz. 
 Dead wood, and branches. Nov. April. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. maculaefonnis (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Corticium maculae- 
 forme Fr.) Macula, a spot;/orma, shape. 
 Differs from the type in commencing as very small spots, 1-2 mm. 
 broad, which become confluent and effused, and in the lilac pruina on 
 the reddish violet hymenium. Dead wood. Uncommon. 
 
 2349. P. violaceo-livida (Sommerf.) Bres. ex Bourd. & Galz. (= Cor- 
 ticium violaceo-lividum (Sommerf.) Fr.) 
 
 Violaceus, violet; lividum, black and blue. 
 
 R. 2-12 cm., violaceous livid, then cinereous lilac, resupinate, round, 
 tubercular, closely adnate. Hymenium concolorous, becoming paler, 
 minutely pruinose, then cracked. Flesh discoloured, waxy, then rigid, 
 fairly thick. Spores white, "cylindrical, slightly incurved, 9-12 x 
 3-4-5/n; basidia 20-26 x 6-8/1. Cystidia ovoid, or broadly fusiform, 
 24-45 x 12-21 p, thin walled, contents vitrified. Hyphae little dis- 
 tinct, 2-t/i in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and plum trees. 
 Jan. April. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2350. P. caesia (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (=Corticium Lycii (Pers.) Cke.) 
 Bres. Fung. Trid. n, t. 145, fig. 2, as Corticium caesium Bres. 
 
 Caesia, bluish grey. 
 
 R. 1-4 cm., bluish grey, greyish lilac, bluish cinereous, becoming 
 paler or hoary, broadly effused, closely adnate; margin similar. Hy- 
 menium concolorous, delicately pruinose, at length cracked. Flesh 
 paler, subgrumous, thin. Spores white, sausage-shaped, or cylindrical 
 and incurved, 8-11 x 3-4-5/u,; "basidia 25-32 x 4-6 p. Cystidia 
 basal ones obovate, or globose, 5-18-32 x 3-14-24/i, hyaline, soon 
 vitrified; the others cylindrical, or fusiform, and produced into a
 
 696 PENIOPHORA 
 
 neck. Hyphae indistinct" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, branches, and 
 on Lycium and Syringa vulgaris. Nov. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2351. P. cinerea (Fr.) Cke. (=Corticiumcinereum~Fi.) Grevillea, vm, 
 t. 123, no. 8. Cinerea, colour of ashes. 
 
 R. 2-15 cm., lurid, cinereous grey, effused, confluent, agglutinated, 
 closely adnate ; margin similar. Hymenium concolorous, minutely prui- 
 nose. Flesh brownish, waxy, then rigid, firm, compact. Spores white, 
 cylindrical, incurved, 6-10 x 3-4/z; "basidia 21-40- x 3-6-5/x. Cys- 
 tidia the inferior ones brownish, oboval, clavate, or subfusiform, 20- 
 35-80 x 4-5-6-14/z, soon vitrified, central cavity tubular; the upper 
 ones basidia-like. Hyphae rarely distinct, 3p, in diam." Bourd. & 
 Galz. Dead wood, bark, and branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2352. P. laevigata (Fr.) Massee. (= Corticium laevigatum Fr.) 
 
 Laevigata, made smooth. 
 
 R. 1-3 cm., ferruginous cinnamon, becoming paler, effused, very 
 adnate, indeterminate; margin at length free. Hymenium concolorous, 
 pruinose, finally cracked. Flesh paler, firm, thin. Spores white, 
 cylindrical, depressed on the side, 7-9 x 4-5/1,; basidia 25-30 x 4-5 /a. 
 Cystidia brownish, or yellowish, fusiform, pointed, or obtuse, 30-50 x 
 6-9 JJL, thick walled, slightly incrusted. Hyphae sparse, 2-6/x in diam. 
 Living yew trees, and junipers. Sept. April. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2353. P. quercina (Pers.) Cke. (= Corticium quercinum (Pers.) Fr.; 
 ? Peniophora pezizoides Mass. sec. Wakef. in litt.) Grev. Scot. 
 Crypt. Fl. t. 142, as Thelephora quercina Pers. 
 
 Quercina, pertaining to oak. 
 
 R. 1-18 cm., flesh colour, or orange, then lilac, or greyish, and finally 
 slate colour, effused, then cup-shaped and free, smooth and becoming 
 black beneath; margin free, revolute. Flesh pale, or brownish, coria- 
 ceous, thick, firm. Spores white, sausage-shaped, or cylindrical, often 
 bent, 10-12 x 3-4/u.; basidia 30-40 x 5-7 /x. Cystidia clavate, or fusi- 
 form, 50-70 x 5-12/z, thick walled, smooth, or rugose. Basal hyphae 
 brown, walls more or less thickened, 3-4/x in diam. Fallen branches, 
 especially oak. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2354. P. limitata (Fr.) Cke. (= Corticium limitatum Fr.) GreviUea, 
 vm, t. 123, no. 7. Limitata, marked-off. 
 
 R. 1-8 cm., lurid, becoming pale, subrotund, tubercular, soon con- 
 fluent, closely adnate ; margin black. Hymenium ochraceous, minutely 
 velvety, often finally cracked. Flesh grumous, then cartilaginous, 
 rather thick. Spores white, "elliptic-oblong, with a minute basal 
 apiculus, slightly curved, 20-22 x 6/u. Cystidia fusoid, 30-40 x 15- 
 20 fji, above the level of the hymenium" Massee. Bark, wood and 
 broom. Rare.
 
 PENIOPHORA. CYTIDIA 697 
 
 7. Doubtful British species insufficiently described. 
 
 2355. P. phyllophila Massee. <f>v\\ov, a leaf; <tA.o9, loving. 
 R. 2-11 cm., pallid, or cream colour, broadly effused; margin 
 
 fibrillose, often indeterminate. Hymenium concolorous, continuous. 
 Flesh membranaceous. Spores white, elliptical, 12 x 6/z. Cystidia 
 fusoid or cylindrical with the apex sometimes thickened, 60-80 x 
 20-30/x above the level of the hymenium. Dead leaves. Rare. 
 
 2356. P. ochracea (Fr.) Massee. (=1 Peniophora nuda (Fr.) Bres. sec. 
 Wakef. in litt.) o)^po<i, pale. 
 
 R. 3-13 cm., ochraceous. broadly effused, inseparable; margin white, 
 byssoid, radiating, soon disappearing. Hymenium concolorous, 
 sprinkled with golden-glistening atoms, cracked when dry. Flesh soft, 
 waxy. Spores white, "elliptical, 10 x 5 /A. Cystidia fusiform, 40- 
 50 x 20 /u, above the level of the hymenium" Massee. Wood and 
 bark. Rare. 
 
 P. scotica Massee = Peniophora velutina (DC.) Cke. sec. Wakef. 
 P. rimosa Cke. = Peniophora hydnoides Cke. & Massee sec. Wakef. 
 P. terrestris Massee = Peniophora hydnoides Cke. & Massee sec. 
 
 Wakef. 
 
 P. Crosslandii Massee = Peniophora gigantea (Fr.) Massee sec. Wakef. 
 P. pezizoides Mass. = Peniophora quercina (Pers.) Cke. sec. Wakef. 
 P. Chrysanthemi Plowr. = Corticium Sambuci (Pers.) Fr. sec. Wakef. 
 
 7. CYPHELLACEAE. 
 
 Hymenium covering the whole of the interior of cup-shaped, 
 urceolate, or cylindrical receptacles ; smooth or veined. 
 
 Cytidia Quel. 
 (= Auriculariopsis R. Maire). 
 
 (/euro?, a hollow vessel.) 
 
 Receptacle coriaceous-gelatinous, cup-shaped, sessile, scattered, 
 crowded, or confluent. Hymenium smooth, becoming wrinkled, or 
 veined. Spores white, or slightly coloured, boat-shaped, globose, or 
 cylindrical, smooth ; basidia elongate, narrow, cylindrical with 4 thin, 
 short sterigmata. Growing on wood. 
 
 2357. C. flocculenta (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Corticium floccu- 
 Untum Fr.; Cyphella ampla (Lev.) Fr.; Auriculariopsis ampla 
 (Lev.) R. Maire.) Flocculenta, woolly. 
 
 R. 4-12 mm., cup-shaped, hood-shaped and inverted when dry, 
 externally pale in colour, and tomentose. Hymenium fawn, or bright 
 brown; margin white, at length wrinkled and veined. Flesh brownish,
 
 698 CYTIDIA. CYPHELLA 
 
 gelatinous, thin. Spores white, boat-shaped, 8-10 x 3-4 /i; basidia 
 30-36 x 4-5/A. Hyphae brown, gelatinous, thick walled, 4-6/A in 
 diam. Twigs, and fallen branches. Oct. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2358. C. rutilans (Pers.) Quel. (= Corticium salicinum Fr.) 
 
 Rutilans, being reddish. 
 
 R. 1-10 cm., blood red, transparent, cup-shaped, then expanded, or 
 confluent, adfixed by the centre, white villose on the outside, and 
 delicately zoned. Hymenium red blood colour, or orange, even, naked, 
 zoned. Flesh gelatinous, then horny, thin. Spores "hyaline, or 
 slightly rosy, globose, 8p," Quel. Salix aurita, more rarely on poplar. 
 Aug. Sept. Rare. 
 
 Cyphella Fr. 
 
 (Kv<j>e\\a, the hollow of the ear.) 
 
 Receptacle waxy, membranaceous, or subgelatinous, cup-shaped, 
 or urceolate, stipitate, sessile, or pendulous. Hymenium smooth, 
 rugulose, or veined. Spores white, elliptical, obovate, globose, pruni- 
 form, subpyriform, ovate, clavate or pip-shaped, smooth; basidia 
 clavate, with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia rarely present. Growing on 
 wood, bark, herbaceous stems, and mosses; scattered, or gregarious. 
 
 2359. C. griseo-pallida Weinm. Griseus, grey; pallida, pale. 
 R. 2-4 mm., pallid grey, globose, then campanulate, sessile, fioccose 
 
 externally. Hymenium concolorous, rugose. Flesh greyish, soft, thin. 
 Spores "white, oboval, acuminate at the base, 6-7 x 4-4-5 ju,; basidia 
 18-30 x 5-7 /A. Hyphae thin walled, 3-8/A in diam., without clamp 
 connections" Bourd. & Galz. Stumps, twigs, elm, and elder bark, 
 and mosses. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2360. C. fulva Berk. & Rav. Fulva, tawny. 
 
 R. 2 mm., brown tawny, cup-shaped, mouth defiexed, sessile, ex- 
 ternally tomentose with long, brown, aseptate, thick walled, often 
 curved hairs. Hymenium concolorous, even. Flesh thin, membrana- 
 ceous. Spores white, "elliptical, 16-17 x 8/^t" Massee. Scattered, 
 or in little clusters. Dead bark. Jan. Rare. 
 
 2361. C. alboviolascens (A. & S.) Karst. (= Cyphella Curreyi B. & 
 Br.) A. & S. Consp. Fung. t. 8, fig. 4, as Peziza alboviolascens 
 A. & S. Albus, white ; violascens, becoming violet. 
 
 R. 1-5 mm., white, cup-shaped, globose, sessile, or subsessile, often 
 proliferous, densely white villose, hairs rough. Hymenium pallid, or 
 violaceous, smooth. Flesh whitish, thin, firm. Spores white, broadly 
 elliptical, somewhat inequilateral, 14-15 x lOju,; basidia 60-75 x 6- 
 16/A. Wood, bark, and twigs. Sept. June. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CYPHELLA 699 
 
 2362. C. Bloxamii B. & Phill. 
 
 Rev. A. Bloxam, the well-known mycologist. 
 
 R. 1-2 mm., white, turbinate, crenato-lobed, scattered, floccose. 
 
 Hymenium becoming light yellow. Flesh membranaceous. Spores 
 
 white, "elliptical, 7-8 x 6ju," Massee. Furze. March April. Rare. 
 
 2363. C. cyclas Cke. & Phill. K vK\d<;, round. 
 R. 10-12 mm., whitish, conchiform, dimidiate, attached on one 
 
 side, pendulous, clad with flexuose hairs. Hymenium very pale rose 
 colour, even. Dead wood. Rare. 
 
 2364. C. stuppea B. & Br. a-rvTrr), tow. 
 R. 1 mm., brownish, becoming white, erumpent, pezizaeform, sessile, 
 
 externally coarsely hispid. Hymenium fuscous. Broom. March. Rare. 
 
 2365. C. brunnea Phill. Brunnea, brown. 
 R. 8 mm. high, 5 mm. across, dirty brown, cupulate, mouth oblique, 
 
 sessile, scattered, or crowded, clothed near the margin with grey 
 pruina; margin incurved, lacerated. Hymenium discoloured brown, 
 smooth. Flesh paler, subgelatinous. Spores white, globose, 5-6 //,. 
 Elder bark, and wood. Rare. 
 
 2366. C. cernua (Schum.) Massee. Schum. Fl. Dan. t. 1970, fig. 3, as 
 Peziza cernua Schum. Cernua, looking downwards. 
 
 R. 5-6 mm. high, pale primrose yellow, obliquely campanulate, con- 
 tracted into an elongated equal stem, glabrous. Hymenium concolorous. 
 Flesh thin. Spores white, subglobose, with a basal apiculus, 10 x 
 8-9yii. Elder bark. Rare. 
 
 2367. C. lacera (Pers.) Fr. A. & S. Consp. Fung. t. 1, fig. 5, as Peziza 
 membranacea A. & S. Lacera, torn to pieces. 
 
 R. 2-6 mm. high, 2-3 mm. broad, whitish, or yellow, cup-shaped, 
 stipitate from the vertex being extended, pendulous, then torn into 
 many clefts, slightly striate above with dense black fibrils, becoming 
 cinereous blackish on the outside, and down the stem. Hymenium whitish, 
 then grey, slightly wrinkled. Flesh membranaceous, thin. Spores 
 white, "subglobose, 7 x 6ju" Massee, "pruniform, 10-12/z" Quel. 
 Dead twigs. Rare. 
 
 2368. C. capula (Holmsk.) Fr. Holmsk. Nov. Act. Hafn. i, 286, fig. 7, 
 as Peziza capula Holmsk. Capula, a small bowl with handle. 
 
 R. 4-6 mm. high, 5-8 mm. broad, whitish, becoming greyish and 
 finally blackish, campanulate, transparent; margin sinuate. St. 2 mm., 
 concolorous, filiform, flexuose, pubescent and white at the base. 
 Hymenium whitish, pruinose, even, then wrinkled. Flesh whitish, 
 membranaceous, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 5-6 p, 
 with a large central gutta; basidia 20-30 x 5-7 p., with 2-4-sterigmata,
 
 700 CYPHELLA 
 
 4-4-5/u, long. Hyphae thin walled, 2-8/z cohering. Dead herbaceous 
 stems. Sept. June. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. flavescens Pat. Flavescens, becoming yellow. 
 
 Differs from the type in its yellowish, or brownish colour. Dead 
 herbaceous stem. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2369. C. Pimii Phill. Greenwood Pirn, an Irish mycologist. 
 R. 4 mm. high, 2 mm. broad, white, or very pale yellow, cup-shaped, 
 
 erect, or pendent, pubescent ; margin somewhat incised. St. concolorous, 
 rather slender, crooked, enlarged upwards. Hymenium concolorous, 
 smooth. Spores white, subpyriform, 7-10 x 4/z ; basidia cylindraceo- 
 clavate, with 2-4-sterigmata. Dead herbaceous stems in water. Feb. 
 Rare. 
 
 2370. C. cuticulosa (Dicks.) Berk. Dicks. PL Crypt. Brit. t. 9, fig. 11, 
 as Peziza cuticulosa Dicks. Cuticulosa, having a skin. 
 
 R. 2-4 mm. high, white, diaphanous, at first oblong or digitaliform, 
 then cup-shaped, elongated into a stem, smooth externally. Spores 
 white, oval, 6-8 x 4-5/t. Dead grass stems. Oct. Feb. Rare. 
 
 2371. C. pallida Rabenh. Pallida, pale. 
 R. -5-2 mm., pallid, cup-shaped, orbicular, sessile, sometimes pro- 
 liferous, at length irregularly lobed, plane, tomentose, or slightly 
 hispid. Hymenium pallid ochraceous, at length wrinkled. Old stems 
 of Clematis vitalba. Nov. April. Rare. 
 
 2372. C. vfflosa (Pers.) Karst. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 389, fig. 1, as 
 Peziza sessilis Sow. Villosa, hairy. 
 
 R. -5-1 mm., white, globose, sessile, gregarious, contracted when 
 dry, externally white villose; hairs subfusiform, subulate, pointed, 
 4-12/x in diam., rough. Hymenium white, concave, even. Flesh white, 
 membranaceous, thin. Spores white, ovoid, narrower at the apex, 
 broadest at the base, 10-15 x 6-10/u,; basidia 40-80 x 7-12/u, with 
 2-4 straight sterigmata. Stems of herbaceous plants and branches. 
 Oct. June. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. stenospora Bourd. & G-alz. crrev6<>, narrow; (nropd, seed. 
 
 Differs from the type in the narrow oblong spores, attenuated a little 
 obliquely at the base, 8-10 x 3-4/z, the smaller basidia 15-18 x 6-8/x, 
 and the narrower hairs 3-4/u, in diam. Dead fronds of Lastraea Filix- 
 mas and Athyrium Filix-foemina. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2373. C. dochmiospora B. & Br. 80^109, aslant; (nropd, seed. 
 R. -5-1 mm., snow white, cup-shaped, sessile, minutely villose. 
 
 Spores white, oblique, ovate, rather acute, 14-17/u. Stems of her- 
 baceous plants. Oct. Rare.
 
 CYPHELLA. SOLENIA 701 
 
 2374. C. Berkeley! Massee. (= Cyphella griseo-pallida (Weinm.) Berk.) 
 
 Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of English mycology. 
 R. 1-2 mm., reddish grey, globose, then expanding and becoming 
 campanulate, sessile, minutely pilose. Hymenium concolorous, even. 
 Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5/z. Dead Carex paniculata. Rare. 
 
 2375. C. Goldbachii Weinm. Cda. in Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. in, t. 63, 
 
 as Chaetocypha variabilis Cda. Carl Ludwig Goldbach. 
 
 R. 2-4 mm. high, 2 mm. broad, white, cup-shaped, or campanulate, 
 sessile, pitcher-shaped-concave, lobed, externally villose. Hymenium 
 pallid, or cream colour, even. Spores white, "globose, 7 8/x" Massee, 
 "broadly elliptical, 4 x 2-3 p" Karst. Dead leaves of Aira caespi- 
 tosa and Carex paniculata. Feb. Rare. 
 
 2376. C. lactea Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. i, t. 67, fig. 2. 
 
 Lactea, milk white. 
 
 R. -5-1 mm. high and wide, snow white, cup-shaped, sessile, tomen- 
 tose on the outside with shining, white, clavate hairs, 5-6 /A in diam. ; 
 margin entire, ciliate. Hymenium becoming cream colour, even. Flesh 
 white, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, ovate-clavate, 9-13 x 
 3-5-5 /A, 3-4-guttulate; basidia 36-45 x 7-10/n, with 2-4 straight 
 sterigmata, 5-6 /x, long. Dead leaves of Aira caespitosa. June. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2377. C. muscigena (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Myc. Eur. i, t. 7, fig. 6, as 
 Thelephora vulgaris Pers. a. Candida Pers. 
 
 Muscus, moss; genus, birth. 
 
 R. 3-12 mm., shining white, dimidiate, spathulate, becoming plane, 
 sessile, or stipitate, externally minutely tomentose. St. concolorous, fili- 
 form. Hymenium white, slightly wrinkled. Flesh white, membrana- 
 ceous, soft. Spores white, pip-shaped, or broadly obovate and apicu- 
 late at the attenuated base, 9-10 x 6/4, with a large central gutta. 
 Polytrichum, and other large mosses. Sept. March. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2378. C. catilla W. G. Sm. Stevenson, British Fung, n, p. 284, fig. 89. 
 
 Catillus, a small bowl. 
 
 R. 18mm., grey, expanded, often imbricate; margin crisped, un- 
 dulate. Hymenium grey, veined. Flesh submembranaceous. Moss, 
 and dead leaves. Nov. Rare. 
 
 Solenia (Hoffm.). 
 
 (<rw\r)v, a pipe.) 
 
 Receptacle coriaceous, or membranaceous; tubular, cylindrical, 
 cup-shaped, or pyriform, sessile, seated on a superficial, felt-like, then 
 floccose and fugacious mycelium. Hymenium smooth. Spores white,
 
 702 SOLENIA 
 
 elliptical, cylindrical, globose, or subglobose; basidia clavate, with 
 2-4-sterigmata. Growing on wood, gregarious, or fasciculate, rarely 
 solitary. 
 
 *WMte, or whitish. 
 
 2379. S. fasciculata Pers. Pers. Myc. Eur. i, t. 12, figs. 8-9. 
 
 Fasciculate,, in small bundles. 
 
 R. 2-7 mm. high, white, cylindrical, clavate, gregarious, and usually 
 fasciculate, externally minutely silky and almost smooth. Hymenium 
 white, tubular, smooth. Flesh white, thin, soft. Spores white, sub- 
 globose, pointed at the base, 3-5-5 x 3-4/x,, 1-guttulate; basidia 15- 
 20 x 4-5-5/x, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 4-4-5/u, long. Hyphae 
 hyaline, 2-2-75/x in diam., with thin or thick walls, and clamp con- 
 nections. Rotten wood, and fallen branches; sometimes arising from 
 a white mycelium. Sept. April. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2380. S. Candida (Hoffm.) Fr. Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. n, t. 8, fig. 1. 
 
 Candida, shining white. 
 
 R. 2-3 mm. high, shining white, cylindrical, solitary, glabrous. 
 Hymenium white, tubular, smooth. Flesh white, thin, somewhat 
 diaphanous. Spores white, subglobose, pointed at the base, 4-5 x 
 3-4/x, with a large central gutta; basidia 12-15 x 4-5 /i. Hyphae 
 hyaline, thin, -5-1 p in diam. Rotten branches of beech, alder, and 
 ash. Oct. Jan. Uncommon. 
 
 2381. S. maxima Massee. Maxima, largest. 
 R. 2 mm. high, whitish, or pale buff, subcylindrical, slightly con- 
 tracted at the base, gregarious and subfasciculate, externally villose 
 with slender, aseptate hyphae rough with minute particles of lime. 
 Hymenium concolorous, tubular, smooth. Flesh white, thin. Spores 
 white, elliptical, minutely and obliquely apiculate, 5 x 3/n. Rotten 
 wood. May. Rare. 
 
 **Coloured. 
 
 2382. S. anomala (Pers.) Fr. a, not; oyuaXo?, even. 
 R. 2-5 mm. high, dingy ochraceous to ferruginous, turbinate, or 
 
 pyriform, usually gregarious, externally villose. Hymenium pallid, 
 urceolate; margin incurved. Flesh brownish, thin. Spores white, 
 cylindrical, incurved, 7-11 x 3-4 /x; basidia 18-30 x 5-6 /i. Rotten 
 wood, and fallen branches, especially of alder. Jan. Dec. Common. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 var. ochracea (Hoffm.) Berk. Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. n, t. 8, fig. 2. 
 
 compos, pale. 
 
 Differs from the type in its scattered habit, and smaller size. Rotten 
 wood and bark. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 SOLENIA. POROTHELIUM 703 
 
 2383. S. poriaeformis (DC.) Fr. Poria, the genus Poria; forma, shape. 
 R. 1-2 mm. high, grey, cinereous, or brownish, cup-shaped, hairy, 
 
 sessile, crowded, seated on a greyish mycelium. Hymenium pale, 
 grey, concave. Flesh brownish, thin. Spores white, globose, pointed 
 at the base, 5-6 n, with a large central gutta ; basidia 18-24 x 5-8 /A, 
 with 2-4 conical, straight sterigmata, 5-6/A long. Hyphae hyaline, 
 1-2/x in diam., with clamp connections. Wood and bark. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 Porothelium Fr. 
 (Trd/309, a pore ; #77X77, a nipple.) 
 
 Receptacles cup-shaped, sessile, more or less crowded, distinct, 
 seated on, or immersed in, a membranaceous, or floccose stroma. 
 Hymenium smooth. Spores white, oblong, elliptical, or linear oblong; 
 smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on 
 wood. 
 
 2384. P. fimbriatum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 192, fig. 1, as Porothelium 
 lacerum Fr. Fimbriatum, fringed. 
 
 R. 1-10 cm., snow white, effused, membranaceous, firm, separable, 
 minutely tomentose, pruinose, attached to the matrix by a white, 
 cord-like mycelium; margin fringed, silky. Pores white, aggregated 
 in places, papillate, then urceolate, fringed with a pink border, pubescent. 
 Spores white, "oblong, slightly depressed on one side, 4-5-6 x 3- 
 3-5 p,, multi-guttulate; basidia 15-23 x 4-5-6 /A, with 2-4-sterigmata, 
 2-3//, long. Hyphae firm, thick walled, 1-2-5/4 in diam., with scat- 
 tered, small, often oblique clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Beech, 
 birch, and hornbeam stumps, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2385. P. Friesii Mont. Cke. Handb. fig. 69. 
 
 Elias Fries, the illustrious mycologist. 
 
 R. 2-7-5 cm., white, becoming tan colour, effused, confluent, flocculoso- 
 membranaceous, margin simple. Pores yellowish, papillate at first, 
 immersed, then open and urceolate. Spores hyaline, elliptical, 5 x 3/ti. 
 Pine, and juniper. Sept. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 P. Vaillantii (Fr.) Quel. = Poria Vaillantii (DC.) Fr. 
 P. confusum B. & Br = Odontia sudans (A. & S.) Bres. 
 P. Stevensonii B. & Br. = Odontia sudans (A. & S.) Bres. 
 
 2386. P. Keithii B. & Br. Rev. Dr James Keith, a Scotch mycologist. 
 R. 2-5-5 cm., pale umber, closely adnate, inseparable, thin, at first 
 
 subgelatinous, forming patches; margin very thin, subpulverulent. 
 Pores pallid, scattered, papillate, at length collapsing. Spores linear- 
 oblong, 5 x 2ju,. Dead fir. April. Rare.
 
 704 PHAEOCYPHELLA 
 
 Phaeocyphella Pat. 
 
 (<flU09, dusky; /cu</>eXA,a, the hollow of the ear.) 
 Receptacle waxy, fleshy, or membranaceous ; cup-shaped, or urceo- 
 late, sessile, pendulous. Hymenium smooth, rugulose, or wrinkled. 
 Spores coloured, elliptical, or subglobose; smooth, punctate, verru- 
 cose, or echinulate; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Growing on wood, 
 or on mosses. 
 
 2387. P. ochroleuca (B. & Br.) Eea. (= Cyphella ochroleuca B. & Br.) 
 
 &>Xpo?, pale; A,eu09, white. 
 
 R. 2-3 mm., ochrey white, cup-shaped, sessile, villose above; margin 
 at length split. Hymenium pale ochre, brighter than the receptacle, even. 
 Flesh membranaceous. Spores "very pale ochraceous, elliptical, 6 x 
 4/i," Massee. Dead bramble stems. July Oct. Rare. 
 
 2388. P. fraxinicola (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Cyphella fraxinicola B. & Br.) 
 
 Fraxinus, ash; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 R. -25-'2 mm., snow-white, orbicular, sessile, scattered, or gre- 
 garious, externally shortly villose. Hymenium light yellow, becoming 
 fuscous with the spores, proliferous. Spores "pale olive, elliptical, 
 6 x 4/x" Massee. Ash bark. Dec. Feb. Rare. 
 
 2389. P. fuscospora (Curr. ex Cke.) Rea. (= Cyphella fuscospora Curr. 
 ex Cke.) Fuscus, dark ; a-Tropd, seed. 
 
 R. -25 2 mm., white, tomentose; margin connivent. Hymenium 
 becoming yellow. Spores fuscous, subglobose, punctulate. Bark. Rare. 
 
 2390. P. galeata (Schum.) Bres. (= Cyphella galeata (Schum.) Fr.) 
 Fl. Dan. t. 2027, fig. 1. Galeata, covered with a helmet. 
 
 R. 2-5 mm., whitish, or grey when moist, becoming snow white when 
 dry, then rufescent; cup-shaped, then dimidiate, helmet-shaped, sessile, 
 even; margin quite entire. Hymenium at length rufescent, slightly 
 wrinkled. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, soft. Spores tawny, rough 
 or verrucose, subglobose, 8 10/z; basidia 18-30 x 7-9 p, with 4 curved 
 sterigmata, 5-6 x 2-2-5/n. Hyphae very thin walled, 2-5/i, with 
 clamp connections. Mosses. Nov. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2391. P. muscicola (Fr.) Rea. (= Cyphella muscicola Fr.) Fl. Dan. 
 t. 2083, fig. 2. Muscus, moss; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 R. 25 mm., whitish, or cinereous, persistently cup-shaped, some- 
 times irregular, nodding, externally slightly fibrilloso-striate; margin 
 slightly downy, repand, torn. Hymenium white, then grey, even, then 
 rugulose. Spores pinkish, or pale brown, subglobose, 8-lOju.. Mosses. 
 Nov. May. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 II. CLAVARIINEAE. 
 
 Receptacle erect, dendroid, coralloid, simple, or branched, never 
 pileate. Hymenium more or less amphigenous. 
 
 CLAVAKIACEAE. 
 Same characters as the suborder.
 
 CLAVABIA 705 
 
 Clavaria (Vaill.) Fr. 
 
 (Clava, a club.) 
 
 Receptacle fleshy, or subcoriaceous, erect, branched, or simple and 
 clavate, smooth, or longitudinally striate. Hymenium even, amphi- 
 genous, absent in the stem-like portion of the simple clubs. Spores 
 white, or ochraceous, rarely reddish ochre or brownish; elliptical, 
 globose, subglobose, oboval, pip-shaped, pyriform, almond-shaped, 
 reniform, oblong, oblong elliptical, or subfusiform; smooth, punctate, 
 or verrucose ; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Putrescent. 
 Growing on the ground, or on wood ; solitary, gregarious, caespitose, 
 or caespitoso-connate. 
 
 I. Branched. 
 
 A. Spores white, slightly coloured in no. 2402; 
 
 basidia often with 2-sterigmata. 
 
 *Growing on the ground. 
 
 2392. C. coralloides (Linn.) Fr. (? = Clavaria cristata (Holmsk.) Fr. 
 sec. Cotton & Wakef.) Sow. Eng. Fung, t. 278. 
 
 KopdXkiov, coral; eZ8o<?, like. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm. high, white, repeatedly and irregularly much branched; 
 trunk short, rather thick, often hollow. Branches unequal, dilated 
 upwards; branchlets crowded, acute. Flesh white, brittle. Spores 
 "white, elliptical, subglobose, 6-8 x 4-5 /A" Bourd. & Galz. Edible. 
 Shady deciduous woods. Aug. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2393. C. cristata (Holmsk.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 103, no. 230. 
 
 Cristata, crested. 
 
 R. 2-5-7-5 cm. high, white, sometimes tinged ochraceous, often be- 
 coming cinereous with age when infected with Rosellinia Clavariae, 
 divided into numerous, irregular branches; trunk short, firm, villose. 
 Branches dilated above, often flattened, acute, incised, crested. Flesh 
 white, tough, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 /z, with a 
 large central gutta; "basidia small, 25 x 6-7 /u,, contents densely 
 granular, with 2-sterigmata. Hyphae loosely interwoven, more or 
 less parallel, fairly regular, frequently septate, segments 35-40 x 
 5-6 JM, in the centre 50-70 x 6-9/x" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods. 
 June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2394. C. cinerea (Bull.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 103, no. 232. 
 
 Cinerea, colour of ashes. 
 
 R. 2-5-5 cm. high, cinereous, very much branched; trunk whitish, 
 or concolorous, becoming almost black when infected with Rosellinia 
 Clavariae, short, stout, or thin. Branches and branchlets thickened, 
 irregularly shaped, somewhat wrinkled, obtuse, often crested and 
 paler. Flesh white in the trunk, cinereous upwards, somewhat firm. 
 
 R. B. B. 45
 
 706 CLAVARIA 
 
 Spores white, subglobose, or very broadly elliptical, 7-11 x 7-8 /z, 
 with a large central gutta; "basidia long, conspicuous, 35 50( 70) x 
 6-10ju, contents finely granular, with 2-sterigmata. Hyphae fila- 
 mentous, loose, 8-10(-12)//, in diam., with occasional inflations, 
 slightly septate, irregular in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. 
 Edible. Woods. July Jan. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. gracilis Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 2. Gracilis, slender. 
 Differs from the type in the long, slender trunk, and the numerous 
 thin, tapering, acute branches and branchlets. Spores white, subglobose, 
 with a basal apiculus, 9 x Sfj,, with a large central gutta. Bare soil 
 in damp woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2395. C. gigaspora Cotton. 7170,$, giant; o-Tropd, seed. 
 R. 2-3 cm. high, greyish with a tinge of yellow, irregularly branched, 
 
 sometimes almost palmate; trunk hardly distinct, about 1 cm. long. 
 Branches erect, occasionally forked, often wrinkled, solid, terete, or 
 compressed, much compressed at the acute angles, ultimate branches 
 attenuated, apices blunt. Flesh tough, horny when dry. Spores white, 
 broadly elliptical, slightly oblique, 10-20 x 7-9/x, av. 12-16 x 8jn, 
 guttulate, then granular; basidia 60-70 x 15/z, with 4 short sterig- 
 mata, 8-10/u, long, contents granular. Hyphae 4-4-5/z in diam., 
 densely packed, forming a firm tough tissue, rather horny when dry. 
 Amongst moss on rocky, heathy slope. Nov. Rare. 
 
 2396. C. amethystina (Batt.) Fr. Batt. Fung. Arim. Hist. t. 1, fig. C. 
 
 dpeQvcrTos, amethyst. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm. high, violet, very much branched; trunk concolorous, 
 or whitish, thin, equal. Branches round, smooth, or somewhat rugu- 
 lose, obtuse, often forked at the apex. Flesh tinged violet, becoming 
 whitish, rather brittle. Spores white, elliptical, obtuse at both ends, 
 67 x 34/1, with a large central gutta; "basidia rather large, 50- 
 60 x 7-10/i, with 2-4-sterigmata. Hyphae densely interwoven, fre- 
 quently septate, cells 50-100 x 8-12/n, not pseudoparenchymatous 
 in transverse section. Spores globose, with a minute basal apiculus, 
 5-7 p in diam." Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods, and pastures. 
 Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lilacina (Fr.) Quel. SchaefE. Icon. t. 172, as Clavaria purpurea. 
 
 Lilacina, lilac coloured. 
 
 Differs from the type in the lilac purple colour becoming brownish 
 when dry, in the firmer texture and in the less numerous, dentate, often 
 twisted branches. Pastures. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2397. C. rugosa (Bull.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 103, no. 233. 
 
 Rugosa, wrinkled. 
 R. 5-10 cm. high, white, simple, or sparingly branched, thickened
 
 CLAVARIA 707 
 
 upwards, wrinkled. Branches irregular, few, obtuse, rarely crested. 
 Flesh whitish, tough, firm. Spores white, subglobose, often apiculate 
 at the base, 8-9 x 6-8 p, with a large central gutta; "basidia long, 
 conspicuous, 60 x 5-6jn, with 2-sterigmata, contents granular. Hyphae 
 somewhat densely interwoven, looser in the centre, 8-10//, in diam., 
 frequently septate" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods, and pastures. 
 Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. fuliginea (Pers.) Fr. Fuliginea, sooty. 
 
 Differs from the type in the dark sooty colour of the clubs and flesh. 
 Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. macrospora Britzl. fta/tpo?, long; (nropd, seed. 
 
 Differs from the type in the larger spores, 12-14 x 8-10/x. Rare. 
 
 2398. C. grossa (Pers.) Quel. (= Clavaria Krombholzii Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 
 Grossa, thick. 
 
 R. 57 cm. high, snow white, sparingly branched; trunk 34 cm. x 
 3-5 mm., somewhat bulbous at the base. Branches compressed, de- 
 formed, acute, or incised. Flesh white, brittle. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, or subglobose, 9-12 x 6-8/1,, with a large central gutta. Woods. 
 Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2399. C. crassa Britzl. (? = Clavaria rugosa (Bull.) Fr. sec. Cotton & 
 Wakef.) Britzl. Hymen. Siidb. v (Clavaria), t. 39. Crassa, thick. 
 
 R. 5-7 cm. high, violet, or lilac grey; trunk slender, expanding up- 
 wards, and dividing into several obtuse, subcompressed branches. 
 Spores white, subglobose, 8-10 x 8/x,. Scattered, or solitary. Woods. 
 Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2400. C. Krombholzii Fr. (= Clavaria Kunzei Fr. sec. Cotton & 
 Wakef.) Krombh. t. 53, figs. 15-16, as Clavaria Kunzei Fr. 
 
 J. von Krombholz, author of "Abbildungen der Schwamme." 
 R. 35 cm. high, white, very densely tufted, sparingly branched, squat, 
 compact. Branches more or less compressed, obtuse, blunt. Flesh white, 
 somewhat brittle. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 3 /A, with a large central 
 gutta. Edible. Densely caespitose. Pastures. Sept. Nov. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2401. C. Kunzei Fr. Karl Sebastian Heinrich Kunze. 
 R. 512 cm. high, ivory to cream white, irregularly and dichoto- 
 
 mously branched, loose, rarely compact; trunk sometimes pink at the 
 base, usually distinct, 1-2 cm. x 3-5 mm. Branches erect, or spread- 
 ing, cylindrical, or slightly compressed, often elongated, 2-5 mm. 
 thick, even, solid, axils lunate; apices blunt, or pointed. Flesh white, 
 somewhat brittle. Spores white, globose, often minutely apiculate, 
 
 452
 
 708 CLAVARIA 
 
 3-5-4-5/i, with a large central gutta; "basidia 30-35 x 5-6 /i, with 
 4-sterigmata. Internal structure pseudoparenchymatous in trans- 
 verse sections, cells long, 100-300 x 5-8/z" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. 
 Solitary, or gregarious. In long grass in woods, and pastures. Aug. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2402. C. chionea (Pers.) Quel. (= Clavaria Kunzei Fr. sec. Cotton & 
 Wakef.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 2. X 1 ^' snow - 
 
 R. 57 cm. high, snow white, trunk thin, 23 cm. x 23 mm., very 
 much branched. Branches long, thin, unequal, pointed. Flesh white, 
 tough, somewhat elastic. Spores pale yellow in the mass, hyaline 
 under the microscope, subglobose, with a basal apiculus, 4-5 x 4/x, 
 with a large central gutta. Bare soil in woods. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2403. C. subtilis (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Comm. t. 4, fig. 2. 
 
 Subtilis, slender. 
 
 R. 2-2-5 cm. high, white, becoming yellowish, trunk 1-1-5 cm. x 
 1-2 mm., glabrous at the base, equal, mth few branches. Branches 
 dichotomously forked, subfastigiate. Flesh white, tough. Spores white, 
 oblong, elliptical, rounded at both ends, 6 x 3/u,, 1-guttulate. Amongst 
 grass in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2404. C. comiculata (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Clavaria muscoides Fr. Hym. 
 Eur.) Schaeff. Icon. t. 173. Corniculata, having little horns. 
 
 R. 2-5 cm. high, yellow, generally only twice or thrice branched ; 
 trunk white towards the base, thin, firm. Branches rounded at the 
 axils, apex crescent-shaped, acute. Flesh yellow, firm, tough. Spores 
 white, subglobose, often minutely apiculate, 5-6 fi, with a large central 
 gutta; "basidia distinct, 50 p, long, vacuolate or clear, with 4- 
 sterigmata, lOfj. long. Hyphae not interwoven, running parallel to 
 the axis, easily separable, and becoming twisted, 4-8 /z in diam., fairly 
 frequently septate, with cells 100-200/z, long, not pseudoparenchy- 
 matous in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Pastures. 
 Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. pratensis (Fr.) Cotton & Wakef. (= Clavaria fastigiata (Linn.) 
 
 Fr. Hym. Eur.) Pratensis, growing in meadows. 
 
 Differs from the type in being more branched, with short, divaricate, 
 
 fastigiate branchlets, and forming a level top. Edible. Pastures. Aug. 
 
 March. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2405. C. umbrinella Sacc. (= Clavaria umbrina Berk.) Trans. Brit. 
 Myc. Soc. in, 1. 11, fig. E, spores. Umbrinella, somewhat umber. 
 
 R. 2-5-3-5 cm. high, pale brown, irregularly and dichotomously 
 branched, stem absent, branches distinct to the base. Branches erect, 
 cylindrical, slender, 1-2 mm. thick, even, solid; apices blunt, or bifid.
 
 CLAVARIA 709 
 
 Spores white, pip-shaped, laterally apiculate, 4-5 x 4/x, or 5-6 x 3/M, 
 usually guttulate; basidia 35-40 x 6-7 /u,, contents finely granular, 
 with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae loosely and slightly interwoven, 7-10/z 
 in diam. Taste pleasant. Lawns, and amongst short grass in woods. 
 July Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 2406. C. curta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 199, fig. 2. Curta, short. 
 R. 1-1-5 cm. high, greenish yellow, very much branched, pressed 
 
 close together. Stem none. Branches crowded, obtuse. Spores white. 
 Amongst grass, and fir leaves. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2407. C. Bizzozeriana Sacc. (= Clavaria conchyliata Allen.) Trans. 
 Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8, as Clavaria conchyliata Allen. 
 
 J. Bizzozero. 
 
 R. 5-10 mm. high, brilliant violet, becoming paler, at first simple 
 and toothed at the apex, then dichotomously branched; stem reddish 
 yellow (nankeen), pubescent. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 2-5- 
 3//,; basidia 6-7 /A in diam. Gregarious, but scattered. Bare soil under 
 nut trees. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **Growing on wood. 
 
 2408. C. pyxidata (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Comm. t. 1, fig. 1. 
 
 Pyxidata, box-shaped. 
 
 R. 2-5-5 cm. high, pallid, then tan colour, somewhat rufescent; trunk 
 thin, smooth, branched. Branches and branchlets all hollowed out in 
 cup-shape at the apex, cups radiating in a proliferous manner at the 
 margin. Flesh white, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 3/x. Rotten, 
 and buried wood. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2409. C. Kewensis Massee. (= Clavaria stricta (Pers.) Fr. sec. Cotton 
 & Wakef.) Kewensis, belonging to Kew. 
 
 R. 4-7 cm. high, rusty brown, becoming ochraceous upwards, base 
 thick, dividing almost at once into numerous, subequal, divergent 
 branches. Branches uniform in thickness throughout, often com- 
 pressed, imperfectly hollow, dividing near the apex into 24 short 
 branchlets, axils rounded, tips obtuse, or divided into 2-4 short 
 finger-like processes, pruinose. Spores white, elliptical, apiculate at 
 the base, 5-6 x 3-5-4 /A. Smell pleasant like that of Lentinus cochkatus. 
 Forming dense tufts, 12-15 cm. across. Rotten wood. Oct. Rare. 
 
 B. Spores more or less ochraceous. 
 *Growing on the ground. 
 
 2410. C. botrytis (Pers.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 103, no. 231. 
 
 /3oTpi/9, a bunch of grapes. 
 
 R. 7-10 cm. high, 6-20 cm. broad, whitish, or ochraceous; trunk
 
 710 CLAVARIA 
 
 3-4 x 1-5-6 cm., white, becoming yellowish, firm, passing into very 
 numerous, crowded, irregular, thick branches. Branches ochraceous, 
 cylindrical, or compressed, dividing into numerous branchlets, apices 
 red, toothed. Flesh white, compact. Spores ochraceous in the mass, 
 oblong elliptical, attenuated at the base into a slightly curved point, 
 12-15 x 4-6 fji, 1-2-guttulate, finally longitudinally striate; "basidia 
 long, conspicuous, 60-70 x 8-10/u,, contents granular, with 2-4- 
 sterigmata. Internal structure of parallel, septate hyphae, cells 100- 
 150 x 10/A in the centre, smaller towards the margin, scarcely paren- 
 chymatous in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Smell very 
 pleasant, fruity. Taste agreeable. Edible. Woods. Aug. Nov. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2411. C. flava (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 175. Flaw, yellow. 
 R. 7-14 cm. high, 10-20 cm. broad, lemon yellow, trunk 4-5 x 
 
 5-8 cm., white, becoming blood red when bruised or handled, divided 
 up into very numerous branches. Branches crowded, compressed, 
 fastigiate, apices toothed. Flesh white, turning slightly blood colour 
 near the cuticle when quite fresh, brittle. Spores pale ochraceous in the 
 mass, oblong elliptical, 9-12 x 4-5 p, finally minutely warted; 
 "basidia 45 x 10/z, finely granular, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae inter- 
 woven, 8-12/>t in diam., subparenchymatous in transverse section" 
 Cotton & Wakef. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2412. C. aurea (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaefl. Icon. 287. Aurea, golden. 
 R. 5-10 cm. high, 10-20 cm. broad, egg yellow, or somewhat tawny; 
 
 trunk 24 x 15 cm., whitish at the base, concolorous above, base some- 
 what bulbous, divided into numerous, erect, stout branches. Branches 
 tense, straight, dichotomous, round, flattened ; apices paler, toothed, 
 or incised. Flesh white, yellowish near the cuticle, tough, elastic. Spores 
 ochraceous in the mass, oblong, or subfusiform, often obliquely apicu- 
 late, 9-12 x 3-4/z, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Aug. 
 Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2413. C. rufescens (Schaeff.) Fr. Rufescens, becoming red. 
 R. 7-9 cm. high, 3-6 cm. broad, branchlets all blood red, becoming 
 
 paler; trunk 4-5 x 2-3 cm., whitish at the base, becoming yellow up- 
 wards, divided into numerous erect branches. Branches erect, sub- 
 compressed; apices dentate, or forked. Flesh whitish, reddish at the 
 apex of the branches, tough. Spores ochraceous. Woods. Sept. Oct. 
 Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2414. C. fonnosa (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 3, fig. 6. 
 
 Formosa, handsome. 
 
 R. 6-9 cm. high, 7-30 cm. broad, orange rose colour, or pinkish 
 ochraceous; trunk 3-4 x 2-5-6 cm., whitish at the base, becoming rosy
 
 CLAVARIA 711 
 
 yellow upwards, very much branched. Branches erect, elongate, 
 crowded; apices lemon yellow, forked, simple, or toothed. Flesh 
 whitish in the trunk, subconcolorous elsewhere, tough, elastic. Spores 
 ochraceous in the mass, oblong elliptical, with a basal, or lateral 
 apiculus, 9-11 x 5-6 /JL, usually 1-guttulate, "becoming finally sub- 
 verrucose" Bourd. & Galz.; "basidia not conspicuous, 30-40 x 6-8 /i, 
 with 4 erect sterigmata. Hyphae frequently septate, loosely inter- 
 woven in the centre, 6-8(-10)/x, wide, occasionally swollen up to 14/z 
 at the septa, more slender, and more closely interwoven towards the 
 margin, subparenchymatous in transverse section. A few latex 
 hyphae present" Cotton & Wakef. Smell pleasant. Taste agreeable. 
 Edible. Woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2415. C. Broomei Cotton & Wakef. 
 
 C. E. Broome, the well-known mycologist. 
 
 R. 58 cm. high, 2-4 cm. broad, ochraceous orange, tips darker 
 orange, turning brown easily on bruising, base white, or pinkish; trunk 
 short, not swollen, white, becoming pinkish on bruising, somewhat 
 branched, rooting base small. Branches irregular, or subdichotomous, 
 slight below, more frequent above, axils not rounded, cylindrical, or 
 flattened, short, solid, fairly erect, smooth, or the larger branches 
 much wrinkled, tips flattened. Flesh white, becoming vinous later 
 especially below, solid. Spores deep ochraceous, or even orange in the 
 mass, fusiform, or pip-shaped, markedly aculeate, 14-20 x 6-8/i 
 (average 15-16 x 6-7 /z); basidia not conspicuous, 40-50 x 8-9 ^t, 
 with 2-sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure composed 
 of fine filaments, densely packed, slightly interwoven, 3-6 //, in diam., 
 with vesicular ends, 10-12/4 in diam., not pseudoparenchymatous 
 in transverse section; large crystals in abundance in the tissue. 
 Smell slight, not pleasant. Taste bitter. Woods. Sept. Oct. Un- 
 common. 
 
 2416. C. spinulosa (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Obs. n, t. 3, fig. 1. 
 
 Spinulosa, with little spines, 
 
 R. 5-8 cm. high, 3-6 cm. broad, somewhat cinnamon, brownish 
 amber; trunk 2-4 x 23 cm., pallid, becoming yellowish, very much 
 branched. Branches elongate, crowded, tense and straight; apices 
 concolorous, forked, simple or toothed. Flesh white, firm, tough. 
 Spores ochraceous, elliptical, or oboval, incurved and apiculate at 
 the base, 8-9 x 4-5/z. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Jan. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2417. C. abietina (Pers.) Fr. Abietina, pertaining to firs. 
 R. 2-5-7-5 cm. high, 3-6 cm. broad, ochraceous, becoming greenish 
 
 when bruised or weathered; trunk 12-5 cm. x 8-15 mm., white tomen-
 
 712 CLAVARIA 
 
 tose, very much branched. Branches erect, crowded, longitudinally 
 wrinkled when dry, apices often becoming tinged with green, forked, 
 toothed, acute. Flesh greenish, especially at the base, firm, tough. 
 Spores ochraceous, pip-shaped, with a basal apiculus, 6-7 x 3-4/u,, 
 1-guttulate, "becoming verrucose" Bourd. & Galz.; "basidia small, 
 35-40 x 7-8/i, contents uniform, finely granular, with 4 erect sterig- 
 mata. Hyphae filamentous, loosely interwoven, 4 10/z (average 5-7 p,), 
 slightly septate" Cotton & Wakef. Taste bitter. Edible. Coniferous 
 woods. Aug. Dec. Common. 
 
 2418. C. Invalii Cotton & Wakef. Inval near Haslemere, Surrey. 
 R. 45 cm. high, deep ochre, forming dense, compact, almost 
 
 spherical tufts ; trunks more or less distinct, short, often woolly, with 
 white, or yellowish rooting strands, irregularly and frequently 
 branched, axils acute. Branches slender, short, uneven, cylindrical, 
 erect, smooth, solid ; apices attenuated, pointed. Flesh white. Spores 
 yellow, pip-shaped, slightly incurved at the base, echinulate, 7-9 x 
 4/z (average 8 x 4/u.); basidia conspicuous, 30-40 x 7-9 /A, contents 
 finely granular, with 4 erect sterigmata. Internal structure of irre- 
 gular, wavy, filamentous hyphae, 5-10/u, in diam., loosely interwoven, 
 and running equally in each direction. Smell slightly pungent. Taste 
 faint, hardly bitter. Amongst leaves in thick plantations of spruce, 
 larch, etc. Uncommon. 
 
 2419. C. flaccida Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 199, fig. 4. Flaccida, flabby. 
 R. 3-10 cm. high, 3-4 cm. across, ochraceous, or somewhat tawny; 
 
 trunk 2-3 x 1-5-2 cm. or almost none, concolorous, very much 
 branched, flaccid. Branches erect, crowded, even, apices acute, 
 simple, or forked, converging. Flesh whitish, yellowish upwards, 
 elastic, firm. Spores very pale ochraceous, elliptical, 6-7 x 3/x, 1- 
 guttulate, "minutely verrucose" Bourd. & Galz.; "basidia small, 
 conspicuous, 30 x 7-9 /M, contents finely granular, with 4-sterigmata. 
 Hyphae loosely interwoven, slightly septate, 7-10/x in diam., not 
 parenchymatous in transverse section, and more densely arranged 
 towards the periphery" Cotton & Wakef. Woods, and heaths. Sept. 
 Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2420. C. condensata Fr. Condensata, pressed close together. 
 R. 5-10 cm. high, 3-4 cm. across, tan rufescent; trunk 1-2 cm. x 
 
 5-10 mm., ochraceous cream, or whitish at the base, divided into numerous 
 branches almost to the base. Branches yellow, tense and straight, erect, 
 crowded in a parallel manner, apices fastigiate, twice or thrice toothed. 
 Flesh white, deep yellow upwards, firm, tough. Spores ochraceous, 
 elliptic oblong, depressed on the side, 8-9 x 4/A, 2-3-guttulate. 
 Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 CLAVARIA 713 
 
 2421. C. palmata (Pers.) FT. Palmata, palmate. 
 E. 5-6 cm. high, 3-4 cm. broad, tan, or tawny, becoming paler; 
 
 trunk thin, very much branched almost from the base. Branches bifur- 
 cate, flattened, thin, erect, palmately branched, apices forked, or 
 toothed. Flesh pale, firm. Spores pale ochraceous, minutely punctate, 
 oblong elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 p, usually 1-guttulate. Smell very pleasant. 
 Coniferous woods. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2422. C. crocea (Pers.) Fr. Kpoicos, saffron. 
 R. 1-1-5 cm. high, saffron yellow, stem pallid, thin, naked. Branches 
 
 and branchlets similar, somewhat forked. Spores " ochraceous, ellip- 
 tical, 6-7 x 3-4/z," Massee. Waste ground, downs, gardens, on peat. 
 Sept. Feb. Rare. 
 
 2423. C. grisea (Pers.) Fr. (= Clavaria cinerea (Bull.) Fr. sec. Cotton.) 
 
 Grisea, grey. 
 
 R. 3-7-5 cm. high, fuliginous cinereous; trunk 4 x 2-5 cm., whitish. 
 Branches 7-5 cm. long, attenuated, somewhat wrinkled; branchlets un- 
 equal, obtuse. Flesh firm. Spores "reddish ochre in the mass, slightly 
 brownish, and with a yellowish gutta under the microscope, oboval, 
 10-12 x 7-7-5^" Bourd. & Galz. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2424. C. fuliginea Pers. Fuliginea, sooty. 
 R. 5-7-5 cm. high, 5 cm. broad, cinereous, becoming rufescent, very 
 
 much branched; stem thin; larger branches thick, compressed, lateral 
 rather incomplete; branchlets subfastigiate, short, acute. Spores 
 ochraceous, globose, with an apiculus, 10//,. Ground. Rare. 
 
 **Growing on wood. 
 
 2425. C. stricta (Pers.) Fr. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 18, fig. 5. 
 
 Stricta, close. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm. high, 3-8 cm. across, pallid yellow, becoming fuscous 
 when bruised; trunk 1-3 x 1 cm., whitish at the base, concolorous up- 
 wards, very much branched. Branches tense and straight; crowded, 
 adpressed; apices acute, or toothed. Flesh white, firm, tough. Spores 
 pale ochraceous, pip-shaped, with a basal, or lateral apiculus, 6-9 x 
 4-5 /x; "basidia distinct, 30-40 x 7-9 fi, contents granular, with 4 
 erect sterigmata. Hyphae interwoven, 4-10/x in diam., not parenchy- 
 matous in transverse section, central hyphae rather thick walled" 
 Cotton & Wakef . Rotten stumps, and buried wood. Aug. Jan. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. alba Cotton. Alba, white. 
 
 Differs from the type in its creamy white colour. On the ground, 
 amongst fallen leaves, etc. Rare.
 
 714 CLAVARIA 
 
 2426. C. crispula Fr. Crispula, with little curls. 
 R. 2-5-7-5 high, tan, then ochraceous, very much branched; trunk 
 
 thin, with villose rootlets. Branches flexuose, multifid, divaricate. 
 Spores "pale yellow, elliptical, 5x3^" Massee. Base of trunks, ash, 
 and elder. Oct. Dec. Rare. 
 
 II. Simple. 
 
 A. Tufted, or caespitose at the base. 
 *Purple, or reddish. 
 
 2427. C. purpurea (Miiller) Fr. Fl. Dan. t. 837, fig. 2. 
 
 Purpurea, purple. 
 
 R. 7-12 cm. high, 1-2 mm. thick, purple, purple grey, purplish 
 brown, or dark chocolate, white villose at the base, fusiform, compressed, 
 hollow ("solid" Cotton), flexuose, acute. Spores white, "oval, 7-8 x 
 4-5 /i, contents granular; basidia small, 25-30 x 7-8, guttulate, with 
 4 erect sterigmata. Hyphae irregular, cells 50-60 x 3-5 \JL, or x 7-9 /u, 
 towards the centre, pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section" 
 Cotton & Wakef. Fragile. Caespitose. Grassy places, and under 
 conifers. Aug. Oct. Rare. 
 C. rufa Fl. Dan. = Clavaria inaequalis (Mtiller) FT. sec. Cotton. 
 
 2428. C. rosea (Dalman) Fr. Rosea, rose colour. 
 R. 2-5 cm. high, rose colour, whitish at the attenuated base, fusiform, 
 
 apex acute, rarely toothed, or bifid, cylindrical, or somewhat com- 
 pressed, sometimes becoming yellowish at the apex. Flesh whitish, 
 stuffed, brittle. Spores white, subglobose, with a distinct basal 
 apiculus, 6-6-5 x 5/n; basidia clavate, 22-37 x 7-10/u, with 4-sterig- 
 mata. "Hyphae irregular, 7-12/t in diam., frequently septate, semi- 
 parenchymatous in transverse section; crystals sometimes present" 
 Cotton & Wakef. Caespitose. Pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 **Yellow. 
 
 2429. C. fusifonnis (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 234. 
 
 Fusus, a spindle ; forma, shape. 
 
 R. 5-14 cm. high, yellow, elongate-fusiform, attenuated at both 
 ends, smooth, often with a central furrow, apex acute, rarely toothed, 
 becoming hollow. Flesh concolorous, paler upwards, somewhat firm. 
 Spores white, or tinged with yellow, globose, minutely apiculate at the 
 base, 6-8 p, with a large central gutta; "basidia hyaline, 35-40 x 
 6 8/x, with 4 slightly curved sterigmata. Hyphae more or less inter- 
 woven, 4-6 fj, in diam., walls sometimes rough, occasionally with dark 
 yellow contents" Cotton & Wakef. Taste bitter. Caespitoso-connate. 
 Woods, and pastures. July Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 CLAVABIA 715 
 
 var. ceranoides (Pers.) W. G. Sm. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 235. 
 
 Krjpos, wax; etSo?, like. 
 
 Differs from the type in the blunter, often divided apices of the clubs 
 becoming brown. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2430. C. luteo-alba Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 3 
 
 Luteus, orange yellow; alba, white. 
 
 R. 45 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, deep rich yellow, or apricot colour, 
 becoming pale ochraceous when dried, apex white, cylindrical, or slightly 
 compressed, gradually attenuated downwards to the base, blunt, or 
 acute, stuffed. Flesh orange yellow, or concolorous, floqcose. Spores 
 white, pip-shaped, or ovoid, 5-8 x 3-4 /u,; basidia 25-30 x 5-7 //,, con- 
 tents slightly granular, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae 5- 6 p in diam., 
 containing orange coloured granules. Taste "like tallow" Cotton. 
 Fasciculate, or scattered. Woods, pastures, and heaths. Aug. Dec. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2431. C. inaequalis (Miiller) Quel. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 37, as 
 Clavariafragilis. Inaequalis, unequal. 
 
 R. 2-5-6 cm., golden yellow, sulphur coloured at the base, simple, or 
 forked, apex acute, stuffed. Flesh pale yellow. Spores white, " ovoid, 
 globose, apiculate, 7-9 x 6-8 /x" Bourd. & Galz. Woods, pastures, 
 and heaths. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2432. C. dissipabilis Britzl. (= Clavaria similis Boud. & Pat. ; Clavaria 
 inaequalis (Miiller) Fr. sec. Cotton.) Britzl. Hymen. Siidb. fig. 28. 
 
 Dissipabilis, dispersed. 
 
 R. 3-6 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, yellow, to orange yellow, fragile, 
 elongato-clavate, tapering downwards, or cylindrical, obtuse, rarely 
 subacute, smooth, or furrowed, stuffed. Flesh white or yellowish, 
 floccose. Spores white, or tinged with yellow, acutely warted, sub- 
 globose, 5-6 /A, with a large central gutta; "basidia conspicuous, 
 clavate, yellowish, 30-40 x 6-8/x,, with 4 more or less erect sterig- 
 mata" Cotton & Wakef. Solitary, or in small clusters. Woods, pas- 
 tures, and heaths. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2433. C. per similis Cotton. Per similis, very like. 
 R. 3-5 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, orange yellow, to orange, becoming 
 
 dark orange when dried, cylindrical, or subcompressed, apex usually 
 acute. Flesh pale, floccose. Spores white, subglobose-oblong, with a 
 conspicuous oblique apiculus, 5-6 x 4ju,, guttulate; basidia 30-35 x 
 7-8/A, contents granular, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae loosely packed, 
 running longitudinally, 3-6 /u, in diam., not pseudoparenchymatous 
 in transverse section. Isolated, or fasciculate. Amongst short grass. 
 Woods, and pastures. Not uncommon.
 
 716 CLAVARIA 
 
 2434. C. argillacea (Pers.) Fr. (= Clavaria ericetorum Pers.) Boud. 
 Icon. t. 175, as Clavaria ericetorum Pers. 
 
 ArgiUacea, clay colour. 
 
 R. 3-8 cm. high, 4-8 mm. broad, whitish yellow, or citron yellow, 
 simple, elongate, attenuated at the base and shining, very rarely 
 bifurcate, compressed, with one or two longitudinal channels, apex 
 obtuse, or truncate, stuSed, fragile. Flesh concolorous, floccose. Spores 
 white, reniform, or oblong and depressed on one side, 10 x 5 6/t, with 
 granular contents; "basidia conspicuous, 70 p long, with 4 sterigmata, 
 contents granular. Internal structure almost pseudoparenchymatous 
 in transverse section even when old, cells regular, 10-14/x in diam., 
 with small, narrow filaments (4-5 fi in diam.) between; segments 
 50-70 /LI, long towards the margin, but up to 200-300 \L in the centre " 
 Cotton & Wakef. Solitary, or in tufts of two or three. Heaths, and 
 hillsides. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2435. C. straminea Cotton. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 11, erro- 
 neously lettered Clavaria persimilis Cotton. 
 
 Straminea, straw colour. 
 
 R. 3-5 cm. high, 3-4 mm. thick, straw-coloured, becoming brownish 
 with age or when handled, simple, cylindrical, or somewhat com- 
 pressed, smooth, apex usually acute. Stem usually very distinct, cinna- 
 mon yellow, stuffed, brittle. Flesh somewhat darker than the hymenium. 
 Spores white, globose, with a minute basal apiculus, granular, 5-7 /LI; 
 basidia 40-60 x 7-9 p, with 4-sterigmata, contents granular. Internal 
 structure pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section. Isolated, or 
 caespitose. Amongst short grass, lawns, and pastures. Sept. Oct. 
 Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2436. C. Michelii Rea. P. A. Micheli, an early illustrator of fungi. 
 R. 47 cm. high, 1-2 mm. thick, yellow, white at the base, cylindrical, 
 
 hollow, apex acute, very fragile. Flesh yellowish, white at the base. 
 Spores white, subglobose, 3 x 2/n. Fasciculate. Amongst grass under 
 a cherry tree. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 ***White, rarely yellow. 
 
 2437. C. vermicularis Fr. Vermicularis, pertaining to worms. 
 R. 6-12 cm. high, 3-5 mm. broad, shining white, elongate fusiform, 
 
 attenuated at both ends, compressed, with a longitudinal channel down 
 the middle, often twisted, hollow, apex acute, often becoming brownish 
 when weathered, very brittle. Flesh white, fragile. Spores white, ellip- 
 tical, with a basal apiculus, 5-7 x 3-4 /LI, with a large central gutta; 
 "basidia small, 30 x 6-7 /x, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae parallel, 
 septate, with rather long cells, pseudoparenchymatous in transverse 
 section, central cells 10-15/z in diam., with smaller cells intermixed"
 
 CLAVARIA 717 
 
 Cotton & Wakef. Taste pleasant, like cheese straws when cooked. 
 Edible. Densely caespitose. Amongst long grass in woods, and pas- 
 tures. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2438. C. fragilis (Holmsk.) Fr. (= Clavaria vermicularis Fr. sec. 
 Cotton.) Fragilis, brittle. 
 
 R. 5-6 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, white, or yellow, simple, cylindrical, 
 slightly attenuated downwards, apex subobtuse, or slightly pointed, 
 stuffed, becoming hollow, fragile. Flesh white, or slightly yellowish, 
 loose. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 89 x 5 6/z, with granular 
 contents. Edible. Fasciculate. Heaths, and pastures, rarely in woods. 
 Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ****Fuliginous, or blackish. 
 
 2439. C. striata (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 3, fig. 5. 
 
 Striata, furrowed. 
 
 R. 3-5 cm. high, 3-4 mm. wide, sub/uliginous, cylindrical, at- 
 tenuated at the apex and base, extreme base white, somewhat twisted, 
 here and there longitudinally striate, compressed, apex subobtuse, 
 stuffed, then hollow. Flesh white, loose. Spores white, subglobose, 
 with a basal apiculus, 3-4 x 2-3/i. Amongst grass under beeches. 
 Sept. Rare. 
 
 2440. C. fumosa (Pers.) Fr. Krombh. t. 53, fig. 18. Fumosa, smoky. 
 
 R. 5-14 cm. high, 3-7 mm. thick, fuliginous, cylindrical, or in- 
 crassated at the apex, straight, subcompressed, hollow, somewhat 
 fragile. Flesh white, loose. Spores white, elliptical, somewhat pointed 
 towards the base, 6-7 x 4/u,, contents granular; "basidia incon- 
 spicuous, 35 x 6-7 \L, with 24 short sterigmata. Hyphae parallel, 
 with short, cylindrical cells, 30-50 x 10-15/z, pseudoparenchymatous 
 in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Densely caespitose. Amongst 
 grass in pastures, and on lawns, rarely in woods. Aug. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 B. Clubs distinct at the base. 
 *Yellow, ochraceous, or tawny, often becoming rufescent. 
 
 2441. C. pistillaris (Linn.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 104, no. 235. 
 
 Pistillaris, like a pestle. 
 
 R. 7-30 cm. high, 2-5 cm. broad, light yellow, then rufescent, finally 
 dingy brown, obovate-clavate, obtuse, pruinose, stuffed. Flesh white, 
 floccose, firm. Spores white, or tinged yellowish, pip-shaped, or 
 elliptic-oblong with a lateral apiculus, 12-13 x 7-8/i, often 1-guttu- 
 late; "basidia about 70 fi long, with 2-4-sterigmata " Cotton & Wakef. 
 Edible. Woods. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 718 CLAVARIA 
 
 2442. C. ligula (Schaeff.) Fr. Ligula, a little tongue. 
 R. 3-6 cm. high, 1-1-5 cm. broad, yellowish, then pallid rufescent, 
 
 elongato-clavate, obtuse, base villose, white, stuffed. Flesh white, 
 floccose, loose. Spores white, elliptical, often with a lateral apiculus, 
 10 x 5 6 fj,, contents granular; "basidia conspicuous, 40 x 6 8/u,, with 
 4-sterigmata" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2443. C. contorta (Holmsk.) Fr. (= Clavaria fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr. 
 sec. von Hoehn. and Bourd. & Galz.) Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 
 xxxin, t. 1, fig. 5. Contorta, twisted. 
 
 R. -5-2 cm. high, 2-6 mm. thick, watery yellowish, often tinged with 
 brown, erumpent, simple, sometimes spathulate, somewhat twisted, 
 wrinkled, obtuse, compressed, stuffed. Flesh yellowish, floccose, loose. 
 Spores white, almond-shaped, 12-14 x 9 /A, contents granular, "fusi- 
 form, 1518 x 7 9/x," Boud.; "basidia rather large, very distinct, 
 50 x 10/i, contents minutely granular, with 4-sterigmata. Internal 
 structure in longitudinal section of long cells, 10-15^i in diam., with 
 narrower elements on either side; latex tubes present" Cotton <fc 
 Wakef. Dead twigs. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2444. C. fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr. Fistulosa, full of holes. 
 R. 10-20 cm. high, 2 mm. thick, yellow, then rufescent, cylindrical, 
 
 subobtuse, straight, or curved, often contorted at the base, hollow; root 
 short, vittose. Flesh yellowish, firm. Spores white, verrucose ("smooth" 
 Cotton), pip-shaped, or subfusiform, 12 x 7/u, with a large central 
 gutta; "basidia conspicuous, about 40 /a long, with 4 erect sterigmata, 
 contents finely granular. Internal structure possessing a system of 
 lacticiferous hyphae, aseptate, frequently branched, 6/u, in diam., 
 contents granular" Cotton & Wakef. Dead branches, and pea sticks. 
 Nov. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2445. C. Ardenia (Sow.) Fr. (= Clavaria fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr. sec. 
 Quel.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 215. Ardenia, Lady Arden. 
 
 R. 12-30 cm. high, 8 mm. broad at the apex, ferruginous, then dote 
 brown, elongate, incrossoted at the obtuse or acute apex, hollow, base 
 tomentose, not rooting. Flesh yellowish, rigid, firm. Spores white, 
 oblong elliptical, attenuated towards the base, 15 x 6/x, contents 
 granular. Fallen branches, and mosses. Sept. Dec. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 C. tuberosa (Sow.) Berk. = Calocera tuberosa (Sow.) Fr. 
 
 2446. C. juncea (A. & S.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 176. 
 
 Juncea, like a rush. 
 
 R. 5-15 cm. high, 1-2 mm. thick, pallid, then rufescent, filiform, 
 flaccid, fistulose, apex acute, creeping base fibrillose. Flesh yellowish.
 
 CLAVARIA 719 
 
 Spores white, elliptical, sometimes depressed on the side towards the 
 base, 8-9 x 4-5/z, 1-guttulate; "basidia small, 30-35 x 6-7(-8)/u, 
 with 4-sterigmata, slightly vacuolar. Internal structure parenchyma- 
 tous in transverse section, with occasional large air spaces " Cotton & 
 Wakef. Amongst leaves in woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 **White, or greyish. 
 
 2447. C. canaliculate Fr. (= Clavaria rugosa (Bull.) Fr. sec. Cotton & 
 Wakef.) Canaliculata, channelled. 
 
 R. 3-20 cm. high, 46 mm. thick, snow white, or greyish, clavate, 
 or cylindrical, at length compressed, channelled, or splitting longitu- 
 dinally, stuffed, then hollow. Flesh white, loose. Spores white, broadly 
 elliptical, 11-12 x 7/x, with a large central gutta. Solitary, rarely 
 in pairs, or threes. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 
 
 2448. C. tenuipes B. & Br. (= Pistillaria tenuipes (B. & Br.) Massee.) 
 B. & Br. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. n, t. 9, fig. 2. 
 
 Tennis, thin; pes, foot. 
 
 R. 1-5-6 cm. high, 210 mm. wide, pallid clay colour, pale grey to 
 drab-coloured, clavate, or cylindrical, often compressed, smooth, or 
 slightly rugulose, apex blunt, hollow when old. Stem slender, 1-2 cm. 
 x 2-3 mm., more or less sharply marked. Flesh concolorous, loose. 
 Spores white, elliptical, or oval, often with a minute basal apiculus, 
 6-9 x 4-5 n, guttulate, then granular, "basidia 30-40 x 7-9 p, with 
 4-sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure consisting of 
 loosely packed, oblong cells, 8-10/x in diam., cells 50-150/x long, 
 hyphae unbranched " Cotton & Wakef. Isolated, or in small groups. 
 Amongst short grass, bare soil, and old charcoal heaps, on heaths, 
 pastures, and in woods. Sept. Jan. (v.v.) 
 
 2449. C. asterospora Pat. Pat. Tab. Anal. ser. 2 (1886), fig. 568. 
 
 d<rTijp, a star; <nropd, seed. 
 
 R. 2-3 cm. high, pure white, simple, slender, cylindrical, apex blunt, 
 or pointed, smooth, hollow. St. slender, greenish at the base, not 
 markedly distinct from the club. Flesh brittle. Spores hyaline, with 
 long, scattered spines, globose, spore body 7-8 /u, in diam.; basidia 
 clavate, 30-40 x 8/t, with 4-sterigmata. Internal structure pseudo- 
 parenchymatous in transverse section. Bare soil. Rare. 
 
 2450. C. acuta (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 333. Acuta, pointed. 
 R. 3-7 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, glistening white, cylindrical, or 
 
 compressed, smooth, becoming hollow, very brittle, attenuated ; apex 
 acute, or obtuse. Stem usually very distinct, 1-2 cm. long. Flesh 
 white, loose. Spores white, subglobose, minutely apiculate, 7-10 x 
 6-9 /z, guttulate, then granular; "basidia 30-35 x 7-8 /A, with 4- 
 sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure pseudoparenchy-
 
 720 CLAVABIA. TYPHULA 
 
 matous in transverse section, cells av. 10/z in diam." Cotton. Iso- 
 lated, or in twos or threes. Amongst short grass in woods, pastures, 
 shady lawns, and in flower-pots. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2451. C. Crosslandii Cotton. 
 
 Charles Crossland, the well-known Yorkshire mycologist. 
 R. 2-3 cm. high, 13 mm. thick, greyish white, or grey, becoming 
 darker with age, cylindrical, apex usually pointed, brittle. Stem 
 hardly distinct. Flesh somewhat darker than the hymenium. Spores 
 white, pip-shaped, 4-5 x 2-5-3 /z; basidia 20-25 x 4 5 /A, with 4- 
 sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure pseudoparenchy- 
 matous in transverse section, cells 5-8 /n in diam. Isolated, or fascicu- 
 late. Amongst short grass in woods. Sept. Rare. 
 
 2452. C. tenerrima Massee & Crossl. (? = Clavaria acuta (Sow.) Fr. 
 sec. Cotton.) Tenerrima, very delicate. 
 
 R. 1-5-4 cm. high, 1-2 mm. thick, hyaline or shining white, simple, 
 cylindrical, flexuose, smooth, subattenuated above, but by no means 
 acute, not narrowed at the base, stuffed, firm. Spores hyaline, verru- 
 cose, subglobose, apiculate, 8-9 p; basidia with 4-sterigmata. Gre- 
 garious but distinct at the base. Amongst short grass. 
 C. uncialis Grev. = Pistillaria uncialis (Grev.) Cost. & Dufour. 
 
 ***Rosy. 
 
 2453. C. incarnata Weinm. Incarnata, flesh colour. 
 R. 1-4 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, flesh colour, or rosy, cylindrical, or 
 
 compressed, pointed, or blunt, pruinose, base whitish, hairy, solid. 
 Flesh purple, sometimes white, firm. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 
 or pear-shaped, 10 x 6-7 p, 1-guttulate; " basidia 35-40 x 7-8(-10)/Lt, 
 contents finely granular, with 4 erect sterigmata. Hyphae loosely 
 interwoven, frequently septate, cells 50-100 x 5-10/i, with trumpet- 
 shaped expansions in the subhymenial layer, pseudoparenchymatous 
 in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Gregarious. Bare soil in 
 woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Typhula (Pers.) Fr. 
 (Typha, the reed-mace.) 
 
 Receptacle fleshy, waxy, or tough, erect, simple, very rarely 
 branched, cylindrically clavate, with a long, thin stem, often springing 
 from a sclerotium. Hymenium smooth, confined to the clavate portion 
 of the receptacle. Spores white, oblong, ovate, subglobose, pip- 
 shaped, or subcylindrical, smooth; basidia clavate, with 2-4-sterig- 
 mata. Cystidia none, or inconspicuous. Growing on dead leaves, 
 herbaceous stems, twigs and wood.
 
 TYPHULA 721 
 
 *Springing from a sclerotium at the base. 
 
 2454. T. erythropus (Bolt.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 43, as 
 Phacoriza erythropus. epvQpos, red; TTOV^, foot. 
 
 R. 1-2 cm. high, club white, 4-6 mm. long, cylindrical, linear, 
 smooth. Stem reddish black, 12 mm., filiform, often twisted, springing 
 from an elliptical, brown, or blackish sclerotium (sclerotium some- 
 times wanting), clothed with concolorous hairs at the base. Spores 
 white, oblong, or subcylindrical, sometimes depressed on the side, 
 6-9 x 3-4/i. Dead leaves, and sticks, and dead herbaceous stems. 
 Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2455. T. phacorrhiza (Reich.) Fr. Stev. Brit. Fung, n, p. 304, fig. 94. 
 
 <a/eo5, a lentil; pia, root. 
 
 R. 2-5-7-5 cm. high, brownish, filiform, acute, paler and tomentose 
 at the base, flexuose, springing from a compressed, pallid, then fuscous 
 sclerotium. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 7jn, 
 with a large central gutta. Dead leaves, and herbaceous stems. Oct. 
 Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2456. T. incarnata (Lasch) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 93, as 
 Phacorhiza filiformis. Incarnata, flesh colour. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm. high, whitish, fiesh colour upwards, filiform, cylindrical, 
 attenuated and hairy downwards, springing from a compressed, fus- 
 cous sclerotium. Spores white, "subglobose, 5 x 4/i," Massee. Dead 
 herbaceous stems. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 2457. T. gyrans (Batsch) Fr. yvpos, a circle. 
 R. 1-4 cm. high, white, very slender, subcylindrical, or subfusi- 
 
 form, 3 5 mm. long; stem hyaline, diaphanous, filiform, pubescent, 
 springing from an elliptical, pallid, then fuscous sclerotium. Spores 
 white, "oblong, 56 x 2 /A" Pat. Straw, dead stems of grasses, and 
 twigs. Oct. Uncommon. 
 T. muscicola (Pers.) Fr. = Eocronartium muscicola (Pers.) Fitzpat. 
 
 **No sclerotium at the base. 
 
 2458. T. Grevfflei Fr. 
 
 Dr Robert Kaye Greville, the eminent Scotch mycologist. 
 
 R. 5-12 mm. high, white, club elliptical, 2-3 mm., obtuse. Stem 
 
 filiform, pilose. Spores white, pip-shaped, or oblong with a lateral 
 
 apiculus, 4-5 x 2/i. Dead leaves, especially alder, and poplar. Sept. 
 
 Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2459. T. filiformis (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 448, fig. 1, 
 as Clavaria filiformis. Filum, a thread ; forma, shape. 
 
 R. 2-5-7-5 cm. high, club white, cylindrical, fusiform; stem date 
 
 B. B. B. 46
 
 722 TYPHULA. PISTILLARIA 
 
 brown, filiform, somewhat branched, decumbent, smooth.. Spores white, 
 "about 5-4 /A" Massee. Amongst dead leaves. Nov. Rare. 
 
 2460. T. gracillima White ex B. & Br. Gracillima, very slender. 
 R. -5-2 cm. high, white, club elongate ; stem very slender, curved, 
 
 smooth. Various herbaceous plants. 
 
 2461. T. gracilis Berk. & Desm. B. & Br. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, 
 no. 84, t. 8, fig. 1. Gracilis, slender. 
 
 R. 2-3 mm. high, club pallid, simple, or forked, acute, rough with 
 spores and little prominent bristles; stem short, distinct, smooth, 
 or strigose with " hyaline, flexuose hairs, 100-200 x 1-3 /z. Spores 
 white, oblong, 7-9 x 3-5-4 /A; basidia 21-28 x 6/x, with 2-sterigmata. 
 Hyphae 3-9/t in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Rotten leaves. Dec. Un- 
 common. 
 
 2462. T. tenuis (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 386, fig. 5, as Clavaria 
 tennis. Tenuis, thin. 
 
 R. 4-6 mm. }ngh, fuscous black, club thickened, smooth; stem fili- 
 form. Rotten wood in cellar. Rare. 
 
 2463. T. translucens B. & Br. (Not a fungus sec. Massee.) 
 
 Translucens, transparent. 
 
 R. white, minute, pellucid, club irregular, somewhat obovate ; stem 
 short, thickened upwards. On the ground. Oct. Rare. 
 T pusilla Schroet. = Pistillaria pusilla (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 Pistillaria Fr. 
 
 (Pistillum, a pestle.) 
 
 Receptacle fleshy, or waxy, erect, simple, very rarely forked, club- 
 shaped, with a short, thick, glabrous, or villose stem, rarely springing 
 from a sclerotium. Hymenium smooth, confined to the clavate por- 
 tion of the receptacle. Spores white, oblong, elliptical, subcylindrical, 
 pruniform oblong, oblong elliptical, or sausage-shaped, smooth; 
 basidia clavate, with 1-2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none, or incon- 
 spicuous. Growing on dead herbaceous stems, and leaves. 
 
 *Rosy. 
 
 2464. P. micans (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 177. Micans, sparkling. 
 R. -5-1 mm. high, club glistening rose colour, obovate, or oblong, 
 
 obtuse, pruinose; stem white, or concolorous, cylindrical. Flesh con- 
 colorous, soft. Spores white, elliptical, or oblong elliptical, 8-12 x 
 6-7 \L ; basidia 35-40 x 7-8 fi, with 2-4-sterigmata. Dead herbaceous 
 stems, and leaves, especially thistles. July Feb. Not uncommon. 
 
 (**)
 
 PISTILLARIA 723 
 
 **Tawny. 
 
 2465. P. fulgida Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 391, as Clavaria minuta. 
 
 Fulgida, shining. 
 
 R. 1-3 mm. high, club tawny, or tawny orange, cylindrical, or lanceo- 
 late, subacute, flexuose, smooth; stem whitish, or yellow, equal, or 
 constricted at the apex. Spores white, "oblong or subcylindrical, 
 obliquely attenuated at the base, 8-10 x 4-5-5^; basidia 18-25 x 
 7-9 jj,, with 2-4-sterigmata" Bourd. & Galz. Stems of Dipsacuspilosus, 
 and Helianthus tuberosus. Sept. Rare. 
 
 ***White, or yellowish. 
 
 2466. P. culmigena Mont. & Fr. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1836), t. 12, fig. 2. 
 
 Culmus, stalk; gena, borne. 
 
 R. 1-5-3 mm. high, hyaline pellucid, club ovate, obtuse, compressed; 
 stem distinct, very short. Flesh white, soft, then cartilaginous. Spores 
 white, "elliptical cylindrical, 6-7 /n" Quel. Dead grass stems. Oct. 
 Jan. Not uncommon. 
 
 2467. P. quisquiliaris Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 334, fig. 1, as Clavaria 
 obtusa. Quisquiliaris, pertaining to refuse. 
 
 R. 3-8 mm. high, whitish,, club-shaped, oval, rarely bifid, more or 
 less compressed, attenuated downwards, smooth, sometimes springing 
 from a minute sclerotium. Flesh white, soft, then rigid. Spores white, 
 sausage-shaped, or oblong, and depressed on one side, 12-15 x 5-6/n, 
 contents granular. Dead fern stems, especially bracken. April Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2468. P. ovata (Pers.) Fr. Ovata, ovate. 
 R. 4-6 mm. high, white, club ovate, or obovate, subglobose, pyri- 
 
 form, or turbinate, hollow, attenuated downwards into a smooth, 
 diaphanous stem. Spores white, "pruniform oblong, 12/4 " Quel. 
 Dead elm, and bramble leaves. Rare. 
 
 2469. P. furcata W. G. Sm. ex Cke. Furcata, forked. 
 R. 2-5-3 cm. high, white, or yellowish, compressed, broad at the 
 
 apex, attenuated downwards, generally furcate. Flesh waxy, then 
 tough. Caespitose. In greenhouses. 
 
 2470. P. uncialis (Grev.) Cost. & Dufour. (= Clavaria uncialis Grev. ; 
 Ceratella uncialis (Grev.) Quel.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 98, as 
 Clavaria uncialis. Uncialis, a twelfth part. 
 
 R. 1-2-5 cm., white, becoming yellowish with age, cylindrical, gradually 
 attenuated downwards, obtuse, smooth, naked, flexuose, stuffed. 
 
 462
 
 724 PISTILLARIA. PTERULA 
 
 Flesh white, tough. Spores white, "elliptical, 5 x 3/x" Massee. Dead 
 stems of herbaceous plants, especially umbellifers. May Nov. Un- 
 common. 
 
 2471. P. puberula Berk. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 334, fig. 2, as Clavaria 
 obtusa. Puberula, somewhat downy. 
 
 R. 26 mm. high, white, obovate, ventricose ; stem short, distinct, 
 equal, or attenuated upwards, pellucid, tomentose. Flesh white, be- 
 coming firm. Spores white, "elliptical, 5 x 3/x" Massee. Dead 
 bracken stems. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2472. P. pusffla (Pers.) Fr. Pusilla, very small. 
 R. -52 mm. high, white, linear, or slightly thickened upwards, 
 
 nodding when dry, smooth, even, with no distinct stem. Flesh white, 
 soft, then firm. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 10 x 4^t; basidia with 
 2-sterigmata. Dead leaves. Sept. Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 ****Purple. 
 
 2473. P. purpurea W. G. Sm. Purpurea, purple. 
 R. 2 mm. high, purple, obovate. St. whitish. Spores white, 4 x 3/x. 
 
 Damp rotten leaves. Rare. 
 
 Pterula Fr. 
 
 (irrepov, a feather.) 
 
 Receptacle firm, tough, filiform, branched, or simple, branches 
 equal. Hymenium smooth. Spores white, oval, elliptical, or pip- 
 shaped, smooth; basidia with 2 4-sterigmata. Cystidia none, or in- 
 conspicuous. Growing on the ground, or on wood. 
 
 2474. P. subulate Fr. Subulata, awl-shaped. 
 R. 3-4 cm. high, whitish cinereous, densely branched, tense and 
 
 straight, equal, except at the attenuated base, tough. Branches be- 
 coming yellow, growing into each other, multifid at the apex, awl- 
 shaped, smooth, not thicker than a fine thread. Spores white, "oval, 
 8-10 x 5-7 /LI" Rabenh. Densely tufted. On wood amongst pines 
 and in gardens. Uncommon. 
 
 2475. P. multifida Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 200, fig. 2. Multifida, many cleft. 
 R. 2-5-5 cm. high, pallid whitish, then dirty pale yellowish, and 
 
 finally brownish, almost black when dried, very much branched, very 
 delicate, flaccid, but slightly tough. Branches tense and straight, not 
 much thicker than a hair, heaped as if swept together, subfastigiate, 
 apex spear-shaped, or crisped. Spores white, pip-shaped, or elliptical, 
 depressed on one side with a lateral apiculus, 6 x 3/i, contents 
 granular. Dead branches and running over pine needles. Sept. 
 Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 EXOBASIDIUM 725 
 
 EXOBASIDUNEAE. 
 
 **Parasites. 
 
 EXOBASIDIALES. 
 
 Hymenium effused, rarely consisting of basidia only. Parasitic on 
 leaves, etc. (especially Ericaceae). 
 
 EXOBASIDIACEAE. 
 
 Same characters as the order. 
 
 Exobasidium Woronin. 
 
 (e, out of; basidium, a basidium.) 
 
 Mycelium vegetating in the interior of the living host, and giving 
 rise, on the exterior, to basidia. Hymenium discontinuous. Spores 
 white, elongate fusiform, or oblong reniform, smooth, simple, or 
 septate; basidia cylindrical, with 4-5-6-sterigmata. Cystidia none. 
 Parasitic on living leaves and stems. 
 
 2476. E. Vaccinii (Fuck.) Woron. (= Exobasidium Andromedae Peck; 
 Exobasidium Azaleae Peck; Exobasidium Rhododendri Cramer.) 
 Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. I, 1**, fig. 65. 
 
 Vaccinium, whortle-berry. 
 
 Galls 1-2 cm., greyish, innate, effused, hypophyllous, or amphigenous, 
 usually orbicular, or elongated, forming a scurfy or felted hymenium. 
 Spores white, elongate fusiform, often curved, 10-20 x 2-5-5 /JL, some- 
 times 1-septate, and becoming 3-septate on germination. Leaves, 
 young shoots, and flowers of Vaccinium Myrtillus, Vaccinium Vitis- 
 idaea, Rhododendron ferrugineum, Rhododendron hirsutum, Rhodo- 
 dendron Wilsonii, and Azalea pontica. May Oct. Not uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 2477. E. japonicum Shirai. Japonica, Japanese. 
 Galls 1-3 cm., subcuticular. Spores oblong-reniform, 14-5 x 4//,. 
 
 Leaves and terminal shoots of Rhododendron indicum. Uncommon. 
 
 HETEROBASIDIAE. 
 
 Basidia longitudinally divided, transversely septate, or simple; 
 spores on germination producing sporidiola, or a mycelium, but the 
 former only in the case of the simple basidia. 
 
 AURICULARIALES. 
 
 Basidia transversely septate, cylindrical, straight, or curved, con- 
 sisting of either probasidia, or normal basidia. Spores producing 
 sporidiola, or a mycelium on germination.
 
 726 HELICOBASIDIUM. PLATYGLOEA 
 
 1. Parasites, with or without probasidia. 
 PUCCINIINEAE ~\ 
 
 COLEOSPOEIINEAE f Not dealt with in the present work. 
 USTILAGINEAE J 
 
 2. Saprophytes, without probasidia. 
 
 AURICULARIINEAE. 
 Hymenium fully exposed from the first. 
 
 AURICULARIACEAE. 
 
 Same characters as suborder. 
 
 Helicobasidium Pat. 
 (e\t, twisted; basidium, a basidium.) 
 
 Receptacle membranaceous, soft, floccose; effused, incrusting. 
 Hymenium smooth. Basidia cylindrical, more or less incurved, trans- 
 versely 2-4-septate, with subulate, unilateral sterigmata. Spores 
 white, oval, or pear-shaped, smooth, producing, on germination, 
 either sporidiola, or a mycelium. Growing on humus, or wood. 
 
 2478. H. purpureum (Tul.) Pat. (= Corticium lilacinum Quel.) Trans. 
 Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 7. Purpureum, purple. 
 
 R. 3-6 cm., dingy reddish purple, margin paler, broadly effused, in- 
 crusting, indeterminate, adnate, inseparable. Hymenium concolorous, 
 then deep vinous colour, and covered with a white pruina. Flesh 
 whitish, floccose, loose, thin. Spores white, pear-shaped, 10-12 x 
 6-8 JLI; basidia cylindrical, incurved, 3-5 /u, in diam., 3-septate. Basal 
 hyphae pale brown, 4-7 (JL in diam., septate, without clamp con- 
 nections. Half buried ash bough amongst leaf debris. March. Rare. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 Platygloea Schroeter. 
 (7r\aTv<;, broad; y\oia, glue.) 
 
 Receptacle homogeneous, waxy, gelatinous, or coriaceous gela- 
 tinous, tubercular, wart-like, or consisting of spreading, or erect, 
 convolute plates. Hymenium smooth, unilateral, or amphigenous; 
 basidia cylindrical, straight, palisade-like, transversely septate, with 
 long sterigmata. Spores white, oval, or elliptical, obtuse, or apiculate, 
 straight, or curved; producing sporidiola on germination. Growing 
 on dead wood. 
 
 2479. P. efiusa Schroet. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 138. 
 
 Effusa, spread out. 
 
 R. greyish, then whitish, effused, closely adnate, thin, subgelatinous, 
 firm. Hymenium concolorous, pulverulent under a lens. Spores white, 
 smooth, elliptical, or ovate, with an oblique apiculus, 7-8-10 x 4-5 /x;
 
 AURICULARIA 727 
 
 basidia elongate, cylindrical, wavy, apex frequently incurved, and 
 almost circinate, transversely 4-septate, 40-50 x 4-5 /*. Subhymenial 
 hyphae thin, guttulate, l-2ju, in diam., arising erect and parallel from 
 a compact, pseudoparenchymatous basal stratum of broader hyphae, 
 4-5 /A in diam. Fallen branches. June. Rare. 
 
 Auricularia (Bull.) (= Hirneola Fr. p.p.). 
 
 (Auricula, the ear.) 
 
 Receptacle gelatinous-coriaceous, cartilaginous when dry; dimi- 
 diate, or cup-shaped, substipitate, or sessile; consisting of three 
 layers, the upper layer thin and compact, very rarely glabrous, 
 generally tomentose with thick, cylindrical, simple, erect or decum- 
 bent hairs, the intermediate layer consisting of thin, gelatinous hyphae 
 forming a compact tissue, and the lower layer forming the hymenium. 
 Hymenium smooth, reticulate, or ribbed, fully exposed from the first. 
 Basidia cylindrical, transversely 3-septate, with long, thin sterigmata, 
 and forming a firm, palisade-like layer. Spores white, cylindrical, 
 oblong, or subreniform, producing sporidiola on germination. Grow- 
 ing on wood. 
 
 2480. A. mesenterica (Dicks.) Fr. RoUand, Champ, t. 106, no. 242. 
 
 yu-eo-o?, middle; evrepov, intestine. 
 
 R. 5-30 cm., fuscous cinereous, grey, or tawny, resupinate, often 
 cup-shaped, then confluent and reflexed, imbricate, flexuose, villose, 
 fasciato-zoned. Hymenium pale, or greyish, then fuscous violaceous, 
 costato-plicate, pruinose with the spores. Flesh fuscous, gelatinous, 
 then cartilaginous. Spores white, cylindrical, curved, 17-20 x 6-7 /x, 
 1-3-guttulate. Stumps and felled trunks, especially elm. Jan. Dec. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. lobata (Sommerf.) Quel. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 18, fig. 1, as 
 Auricularia lobata. Lobata, lobed. 
 
 Differs from the type in the lobed margin of the p. Stumps. Jan. 
 Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2481. A. auricula- Judae (Linn.) Schroet. (= Hirneola auricula- Judae 
 (Linn.) Berk.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 18, fig. 7, as Hirneola 
 auricula- Judae. Auricula, ear; Judae, of a Jew. 
 
 R. 2-8 cm., grey, then olivaceous, or brownish, and finally black, 
 cup-shaped, hemispherical, concave, then ear-shaped, flexuose, pli- 
 cate, transparent, tomentose with subbulbous hairs. Hymenium pale, 
 then greyish and finally fuscous, smooth, then venoso-plicate. Flesh 
 whitish, gelatinous, then cartilaginous, tough. Spores white, oblong, 
 or cylindrical, curved, 16-20 x 6-9/A, often 2-guttulate. Edible. 
 Common on old elders, more rarely on beech, elm, oak, walnut, willow, 
 holly and Berber is arcuata. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.)
 
 728 AURICULABIA. EOCRONARTITJM. STILBUM 
 
 2482. A. polytricha (Mont.) Pat. (= Hirneola polytricha Mont.) 
 Jungh. Fl. Crypt. Jav. Ins. t. 13, as Exidia purpurascens. 
 
 TroXvOpii;, with much hair. 
 
 R. 2-8 cm., greyish, cup-shaped, hemispherical, then expanded and 
 ear-shaped, sessile, or extended behind into a short, oblique stem; 
 margin undulate, densely covered on the outside with long, obtuse, 
 greyish or tawny hairs, 400 x 5-9 fj,. Hymenium pale, then brownish 
 purple, and finally becoming blackish, smooth. Flesh pale, or brownish, 
 subgelatinous, then horny, tough, elastic, thick. Spores white, sub- 
 reniform, "20-22 x 8/z," Sacc.; basidia cylindrical, 85-90 x 6-7 p, 
 3-septate. Wooden fire blocks. April Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Eocronartium Atkinson 
 (= Clavaria p.p. ; Helicobasidium sec. Pat.). 
 (970)9, dawn; cronartium, the genus Cronartium.) 
 Receptacle subgelatinous, tough, filamentous, erect, filiform, or subu- 
 late. Hymenium smooth. Basidia cylindrical, transversely 3-septate. 
 Spores white, continuous, producing a mycelium on germination. 
 Growing on mosses. 
 
 2483. E. muscicola (Pers.) Fitzpat. (= Typhula muscicola (Pers.) Fr.) 
 Pers. Obs. Myc. n, t. 3, fig. 2, as Clavaria muscicola Pers. 
 
 Muscus, moss; colo, I inhabit. 
 
 R. 5-7-5 cm. high, white, simple, filiform, clavate, club cylindrical, 
 attenuated into a thin, long, smooth st., obtuse, 2-4 mm. thick. Flesh 
 white, thin. Spores white, " fusoid, curved or inequilateral, granular, 
 18-24 x 3-5-5 ju," Atk. Basidia cylindrical, "curved, or more or less 
 sinuous, 25-40 x 6-9/x, 3-5-septate. Sterigmata flexuous elongate, 
 usually 10-20 x 3-4ja" Atk. Mosses. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Stilbum (Tode) Juel. 
 
 (o-Tt'X/3&>, I shine.) 
 
 Receptacle erect, globose, stipitate. Hymenium consisting of 
 branched threads terminated by a basidium. Basidia short, pear- 
 shaped, transversely 1-septate. Spores white, elliptical. Growing on 
 dead wood. 
 
 2484. S. vulgare (Tode) Juel. Tode, Fung. Mecklenb. t. 2, fig. 16. 
 
 Vulgare, common. 
 
 R. 1-2 mm. high, white, then yellowish, globose. St. concolorous, 
 becoming thinner upwards, fibrous, smooth. Spores white, "ellip- 
 tical, hyaline, 8 x 5-6 /n" Massee. Rotten wood, oak cupules, etc. 
 Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.)
 
 ECCHYNA. TREMELLA 729 
 
 ECCHYNINEAE. 
 
 Hymenium inclosed within a peridium. 
 
 ECCHYNACEAE. 
 
 Same characters as suborder. 
 
 Ecchyna Fr. 
 
 (eK'xyvw, I pour out.) 
 
 Peridium fibrillose, subglobose, stipitate, or substipitate, thin, fuga- 
 cious. Gleba threads radiating, branched, flexuose at the ends. Basidia 
 cylindrical, straight, or curved, transversely 3-septate ; bearing sessile, 
 or very short pedicellate spores; scattered, or in tufts on the lower 
 portions of the threads. Spores fawn colour, elliptical, or subglobose, 
 smooth, producing sporidiola on germination. Growing on wood. 
 
 2485. E. faginea (B. & Br.) Fr. (= Pilacre faginea B. & Br.; Pilacre 
 Petersii Berk. & Curt. 1 ) B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 380, 1. 11, 
 fig. 5, as Pilacre faginea. Faginea, pertaining to beech. 
 
 P. 3-6 mm. high, 1-3 mm. across, whitish, or fawn colour, forming 
 a globose head, smooth, then pulverulent. St. concolorous, or be- 
 coming block with age. Flesh fawn colour, floccose, loose. Spores fawn 
 colour, elliptical, or subglobose, depressed or umbilicate on the one 
 side, 5-6 x 4-5 /u,; basidia cylindrical, 3-septate. Hyphae concolorous, 
 3-4 /A in diam., with numerous clamp connections. Beech, ash, horn- 
 beam, and holly. Sept. Jan. Not uncommon. 
 
 TREMELLALES. 
 
 Basidia subglobose, longitudinally, or vertically, cruciately divided 
 into 24 parts. Spores producing sporidiola or a mycelium on germina- 
 tion. 
 
 TBEMELLACEAE. 
 
 Same characters as the order. 
 
 Tremella (Dill.) Fr. 
 (Tremo, I tremble.) 
 
 Receptacle gelatinous, or waxy, soft; foliaceous, brain-like, or 
 tubercular. Hymenium spread over the whole surface, very rarely 
 papillate. Basidia amphigenous, superficial, or immersed. Conidia 
 on the same receptacle, preceding, or accompanying the spores. 
 Spores white, rarely yellowish, globose, subglobose, oval, elliptical, 
 
 1 Bayliss- Elliott and Grove hazard the opinion that both these species are 
 only conidial forms of Boeder ia pallida Sacc., but the transversely septate 
 basidia, and frequent clamp connections of the hyphae seem to disprove this 
 conclusion.
 
 730 TREMELLA 
 
 or pyriform; smooth, or punctate; producing sporidiola on germina- 
 tion, or tufts of conidia, that bud in a yeast-like manner. Hyphae 
 filamentous, thin, gelatinous, sometimes inclosing mineral concretions, 
 which form an irregular central nucleus. Growing on wood, rarely on 
 the ground. 
 
 I. Foliaceous, divided up into lobes, and variously twisted. 
 
 2486. T. fimbriata (Pers.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 272, as Tre- 
 mella verticalis. Fimbriata, fringed. 
 
 R. 5-7'5 cm. high and broad, olivaceous, inclining to black, erect, 
 corrugated; lobes flaccid, incised at the margin, undulato-fimbriate. 
 Flesh gelatinous, very soft. Spores white, " subpyrif orm " Massee, 
 "5-7 /x long" Moll. Caespitose. Darkening water when soaked in it, 
 and staining the fingers black. Dead branches, especially alder. Nov. 
 Feb. Rare. 
 
 2487. T. frondosa Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 499, fig. T, as Tre- 
 mella quercina. Frondosa, leafy. 
 
 R. 10-12 cm., yellow inclining to pale, or pale pinkish yellow, spathu- 
 late, or tongue-shaped, large, even, plicate at the base; lobes gyroso- 
 undulated. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, thin, except at the base. 
 Spores white, subglobose, apiculate at the base, 8-10/z, 1-2-guttu- 
 late. Caespitose. Stumps, and fallen branches, especially oak. July 
 Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2488. T. foliacea (Pers.) Fr. non Bref. Bres. Fung. Trid. n, t. 209, 
 fig. 1. Foliacea, leafy. 
 
 R. 3-10 cm., cinnamon flesh colour, rarely deep brown, or tinged 
 umber violaceous, very much lobed and waved, segments thin, springing 
 from a plicate base. Flesh paler, gelatinous, subdiaphanous. Spores 
 white, minutely punctate, globose, 5-7 /LI; basidia 15-16 x 10-14/A. 
 Hyphae 1-4/x in diam. Caespitose. Coniferous stumps, and branches, 
 more rarely on deciduous trees. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2489. T. lutescens Pers. Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 8, fig. 9. 
 
 Lutescens, becoming yellow. 
 
 R. 13 cm., yellowish, tubercular, then undulato-gyrose, lobes entire, 
 naked. Flesh yellowish, gelatinous, subdeliquescent, pellucid. Spores 
 white, "oval elliptic, 10-16 x 7-10/u, 1-pluri-guttulate ; basidia ovoid, 
 19-25 x 17-18/i. Hyphae 1-3/x in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Stumps, 
 and fallen branches. Aug. May. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 II. Brain-like, with obtuse, and twisted veins. 
 
 2490. T. mesenterica (Retz.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 105, no. 237. 
 
 /ie<ro9, middle; evrepov, intestine. 
 R. 1-8 cm., orange,, variously contorted, brain-like, plicato-undu-
 
 TREMELLA 731 
 
 late, gyrose, pruinose with the spores. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, 
 becoming firm, tough. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 13-14 x 
 7-8 (JL; "basidia 15-20 x 12-18 fj,. Conidia ovoid globose, 3-5 /u. in 
 diam. Hyphae 2-3/u in diam." BoUrd. & Galz. Dead branches, sticks, 
 rails, furze, broom, and ivy. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2491. T. vesicaria Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 2451. Vesicaria, bladdery. 
 
 R. 5 cm. high and broad, pallid, or yellowish, erect, undulated, 
 gyrose. Flesh pale, bladdery, very viscid. Spores "11 x 6/u"B. &Br. 
 On the ground. Sept. Rare. 
 
 2492. T. albida (Huds.) Fr. Engl. Bot. t. 2117. (= Dacryomyces 
 hyalinus Pers. sec. Quel.) Albida, whitish. 
 
 R. 1-4 cm., whitish, hyaline, becoming brownish, erumpent, undu- 
 lated, somewhat gyrose, pruinose. Flesh whitish, gelatinous, sub- 
 diaphanous, fairly thick. Spores white, globose, often with an obtuse 
 apiculus at the base, 9-10/u,; "basidia 12-23 x 12-15, with 100/i and 
 more long sterigmata" Bourd. & Galz. Hyphae hyaline, 2-3 p in 
 diam., with a few clamp connections. Fallen branches, sticks and 
 rails. Sept. May. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 III. Crustaceous, effused, smooth. 
 
 2493. T. epigaea B. & Br. (= Sebacina laciniata (Bull.) Bres. f. epigaea 
 B. & Br. sec. Bourd. & Maire.) Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, u, t. 9, 
 fig. 3. 7rt7ato9, upon the earth. 
 
 R. 3-10 cm., white, effused, gyroso-plicate, sprinkled with the white 
 spores. Flesh white, gelatinous, thin. Spores white, subglobose, 6 x 4/n. 
 Naked soil. Aug. Sept. Rare. 
 
 IV. Tubercular, small, suberumpent. 
 
 2494. T. violacea (Relh.) Fr. Violacea, violet. 
 
 R. 3-8 mm., violaceous, becoming black when dry, erumpent, sub- 
 compressed, gyrose. Flesh paler, gelatinous, then firm, 2 mm. thick. 
 Spores "cream citron, punctate, ovoid, 5/z" Quel. Gregarious. Pear 
 trunks. Rare. 
 
 2495. T. indecorata Sommerf. Fr. Icon. t. 200, fig. 4. 
 
 Indecorata, ugly. 
 
 R. 4-30 mm., dingy, livid, or olivaceous, becoming fuscous, black 
 fuscous when dry, erumpent, convex when moist, then plicate. Flesh 
 dingy, gelatinous, then firm, opaque. Spores white, globose, 6-9/z, 
 minutely punctate. Birch, oak, willow, and poplar. Oct. Nov. Rare.
 
 732 TREMELLA 
 
 2496. T. moriformis Berk. (= Tremella nigrescens (Fr.) Quel.) Engl. 
 Bot. t. 2446. Morus, mulberry ; forma, shape. 
 
 R. 1-2-5 cm., mulberry black, erumpent, spherical, sinuous. Flesh 
 deep violet, translucent, subgelatinous, firm. Spores "subglobose, 
 apiculate, 5 x 4ju," Massee. Stains paper violet, and gives a purple 
 colour when treated with potash. Dead branches of maple, chestnut, 
 Robinia, elm, and plane. June Feb. Rare. 
 
 2497. T. tubercularia Berk. Tuberculum, a tubercle. 
 R. 48 mm. high, dingy white, nearly black when dry, erumpent, 
 
 stipitate, headpileate. St. short, round. Flesh semi-transparent, horny. 
 Spores " subglobose, with a large, obtuse, lateral apiculus, 5-7 x 5-8/t" 
 Bourd. & Maire. Conidia straight, or slightly curved, 2 x -5/x. Fallen 
 branches, especially oak. Oct. Dec. Frequent, (v.v.) 
 T. torta Berk. = Dacryomyces tortus (Berk.) Massee. 
 
 2498. T. versicolor Berk. Versicolor, changeable in colour. 
 R. 2-3 mm., orange, at length brown, orbicular, tear-like, convex. 
 
 Flesh gelatinous, firm. Spores white, "broadly elliptical, apiculate, 
 6 x 4/Lt" Massee. Peniophora nuda, ash, and briar. Feb. May. Un- 
 
 2499. T. atrovirens Fr. Ater, black; wrens, green. 
 R. 1-6 mm., sooty green when moist, blackish when dry, erumpent, 
 
 pulvinate, gregarious, minutely papillate and rugose. Spores white, 
 "elliptical, 10-12 x 7-9 p; basidia 21-25 x 8-15/>t. Hyphae 1-2 /u, in 
 diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead broom branches. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2500. T. clavata (Pers.) Berk. (? = the conidial form of Coryne sar- 
 coides (Jacq.) Tul.) Pers. Icon. Pict. t. 10, fig. 2. 
 
 Clavata, club-shaped. 
 
 R. 2-5 cm. high, 4 mm. broad, reddish flesh colour, becoming black 
 at the base, club-shaped, solitary, simple, slightly twisted. Stumps. 
 Rare. 
 
 T. sarcoides Sm. = Coryne sarcoides (Jacq.) Tul. 
 T.foliicola Fuck. ? = Hypocrea rufa (Pers.) Fr. sec. W. G. Sm. 
 
 V. With a firm, hard nucleus. 
 
 2501. T. encephala (Willd.) Quel. (= Naematelia encephala (Willd.) 
 Fr.) Willd. Bot. Mag. I, t. 4, fig. 14, as Tremella encephala 
 Willd. eV, in; e$a\7, head. 
 
 R. 1-3 cm., pallid flesh colour, pulvinate, subsessile, diaphanous, 
 plicato-rugose, white pruinose, rooting. Nucleus white, large, hard.
 
 TREMELLA. PHAEOTREMELLA. GTJEPINIA 733 
 
 Spores white, "pear-shaped, or subglobose, 12-16 x 10/x, or 9-10//," 
 Karst. Solitary, or clustered. Conifer branches. Sept. March. Not 
 uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2502. T. rubiformis (Fr.) Quel. (= Naematelia rubiformis FT.) Corda, 
 Icon, i, fig. 299, A. Rubus, blackberry ; forma, shape. 
 
 R. 4-5 mm., yellow, hemispherical, subsessile, gyroso-tuberculose. 
 Nucleus small. Dead branches, twigs, and moss. Oct. Rare. 
 
 2503. T. virescens (Schum.) Quel. (= Naematelia virescens Cda. sec. 
 Fr.) Corda, Icon, in, t. 6, fig. 90, as Naematelia virescens Cda. 
 
 Virescens, becoming green. 
 
 R. 5-6 mm., greenish, suborbicular, sessile, depressed, gyroso- 
 tubercular. Flesh subgelatinous. Spores white, "elliptical, apiculate, 
 18 x 11/i " Massee. Rotten wood, furze, ivy. Jan. Dec. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 Phaeotremella Rea. 
 
 (<ato9, dark; tremella, the genus Tremella.) 
 Same characters as Tremella, but the spores dark coloured. 
 
 2504. P. pseudofoliacea Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 20. 
 
 i/reuS?79, false ;foliacea, the species T.foliacea. 
 R. 4-10 cm., somewhat cinnamon, very much lobed, undulate, 
 smooth, plicate at the base. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, sub- 
 diaphanous. Spores umber, globose, or broadly obovate, 12 x 9-12/t. 
 Conidia hyaline, elliptical, 9 x 6/4. Stumps, and posts. May Nov. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Guepinia Fr. (= Gyrocephalus Pers.). 
 (Jean Pierre Guepin, a celebrated botanist.) 
 
 Receptacle gelatinous, firm, erect, ear-shaped, spathulate, or in- 
 fundibuliform, substipitate, or sessile. Hymenium inferior, smooth, 
 or indistinctly veined. Basidia ovoid, vertically cruciately divided 
 into one or two compartments, with long sterigmata. Spores white, 
 oblong, or oval, smooth, producing sporidiola on germination. Grow- 
 ing on the ground, and on wood. 
 
 2505. G. helvelloides (DC.) Fr. (= Gyrocephalus rufus (Jacq.) Bref.) 
 Rolland, Champ, t. 105, no. 240, as Guepinia rufa. 
 
 Helvella, a genus of fungi; etSo9, like. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm. high, 4-6 cm. broad, rosy orange, becoming red, erect, 
 variable in form, subspathulate, deeply infundibuliform, like Cra- 
 terellus cornucopioides, substipitate, or sessile, diaphanous, entire, or 
 lobed. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or slightly wrinkled, white
 
 734 EXIDIA 
 
 pruinose. Flesh reddish, gelatinous, then cartilaginous, firm. Spores 
 white, oblong, depressed on one side, 10-12 x 4-5 /n; "basidia ovoid, 
 or oblong, 16-21 x 10-12ju,. Subhymenial hyphae granular, 1'5-3/n 
 in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Under conifers. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 
 (&) 
 
 Exidia Fr. 
 (etStw, I exude.) 
 
 Receptacle gelatinous, soft, pellucid; globose, or hemispherical, 
 marginate, substipitate, or sessile, sterile on the upper surface. Hy- 
 menium inferior, smooth, reticulately veined, foliaceous, even, or 
 papillose with short, sterile papillae. Basidia deeply immersed in the 
 gelatinous hyphae, and covered by a layer traversed by the sterigmata. 
 Spores white, rarely tinged brownish, allantoid, cylindrical, or oblong, 
 smooth, producing on germination, either strongly curved, or straight 
 and rod-like sporidiola, or bunches of cylindrical conidia. Growing on 
 wood. 
 
 I. Spores on germination giving rise to strongly 
 curved sporidiola. 
 
 2506. E. truncate Fr. Truncata, cut off. 
 R. 1-2 cm. high and broad, brown bistre, truncato-plane, hemi- 
 spherical, soft, rough with dots, or granular beneath. St. concolorous, 
 very short, becoming cavernous. Hymenium very black, shining, 
 glandular with concolorous papillae. Flesh brownish, gelatinous, not 
 becoming swollen when moistened. Spores "white, very rarely tinged 
 with brownish bistre, cylindrical, curved, 1420 x 4-5-6 /z; basidia 
 ovoid, 13-18 x 11-13/u,. Hyphae 1-3 fj, in diam., septate, with clamp 
 connections " Bourd. & Galz. Lime, and willow branches. Dec. Rare. 
 
 2507. E. intumescens (Sm.) Rea. (= Tremella intumescens Sm.) Engl. 
 Bot. t. 1870, as Tremella intumescens. 
 
 Intumescens, swollen up. 
 
 R. 2-5 cm., brown, becoming black when dry, rounded, or conglo- 
 merate, somewhat tortuously lobed, resembling the intestines of some 
 animal, obsoletely punctate. Flesh whitish, streaked with fuscous, gela- 
 tinous, shrivelling to a mere skin when dry. Spores white, "oblong, 
 slightly curved, 13 x 4/i" Karst. Fallen beech trunks, branches, and 
 rails. Oct. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2508. E. recisa (Ditm.) Fr. Ditm. in Sturm's Deutschl. Fl. i, t. 13, 
 as Tremella recisa Ditm. Recisa, cut off. 
 
 R. 1-3 cm., fuscous amber colour, truncato-plane, hemispherical, or 
 obconical, somewhat repand, rough with dots beneath. St. con- 
 colorous, short, oblique, excentric. Hymenium brighter coloured, plane, 
 often veined. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, soft, subdiaphanous. 
 Spores white, oblong, or cylindrical, curved, 15-18 x 4-5/t. Willow, 
 sloe, and poplar branches. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.)
 
 EXIDIA 735 
 
 2509. E. glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 420, fig. 1. 
 
 Glandulosa, full of glands. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm., blackish, globose, or lens-shaped, truncate, or pendu- 
 lous, somewhat plane, undulate, cinereous and subtomentose beneath, 
 feeling like black crape. Hymenium concolorous, studded with conical 
 papillae. Flesh blackish, gelatinous, diaphanous, soft. Spores white, 
 oblong, or cylindrical, curved, 12-15 x 4-5 ju,; basidia ovoid, 15-21 x 
 9-11 /A. Hyphae 1-3 //, in diam., with clamp connections. Dead 
 branches, especially bine. Aug. May. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2510. E. nucleata (Schwein.) Rea. (= Naematelia nucleata (Schwein.) 
 Fr.; Tremella gemmata Lev. sec Quel.; Exidia gemmata (Lev.) 
 Bourd. & Maire.) Demid. Exped. t. 4, fig. 1, as Tremella gemmata 
 Lev. Nucleata, having a kernel. 
 
 R. 2-10 mm., hyaline, or tinged with amethyst or lilac, then opaline 
 and finally brick or flesh colour, date brown when dry, tubercular, round, 
 then pulvinate and undulato-plicate, finally effused, and confluent, 
 4-5 cm., either inclosing a whitish separable core of oxalate of lime, 
 or without a core (Tremella hyalina Pers.). Spores white, cylindrical, 
 more or less curved, 10-14 x 5-7 fj,; basidia ovoid, 12-16 x 9-12jtt. 
 Hyphae 1-5-3/i in diam. with indistinct clamp connections. Rotten 
 wood, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2511. E. Thuretiana (Lev.) Fr. G. Thuret. 
 R. 1-4 cm., opalescent when fresh, sometimes tinged with pink, effused 
 
 in thick, undulating, pulvinate, or tuberculate patches, firm, gela- 
 tinous. Hymenium concolorous, pruinose, finally collapsing into a 
 thin, horny, yellowish film. Spores hyaline, cylindrical, curved, 15- 
 20 x 5-7 //,; basidia longitudinally septate, 15-21 x 11-15/z. Hyphae 
 1-2-5 p, in diam. Underside of sticks, especially beech. Jan. May. 
 Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2512. E. viscosa (Berk.) Rea. (= Tremella viscosa Berk.) Boud. Icon. 
 t. 180, as Tremella viscosa Berk. Viscosa, sticky. 
 
 R. 1-4 cm., white, with a greyish, or violaceous tinge, flattened, un- 
 dulate, smooth, slightly viscid; margin more or less sinuate. Flesh 
 whitish, gelatinous, diaphanous, somewhat thin. Spores white, oblong, 
 or sausage-shaped, often curved, 16-22 x 6-7 /A. Rotten wood, and 
 fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 II. Spores on germination giving rise to straight, 
 or rod-like sporidiola. 
 
 2513. E. saccharina Fr. (= Ulocolla saccharina (Fr.) Bref.) 
 
 Saccharina, like sugar. 
 R. 3-8 cm., tawny cinnamon, or the colour of crystallised sugar,
 
 736 EXIDIA. TREMELLODON. PROTODONTIA 
 
 effused, tubercular, gyroso-undulated, sprinkled with a few minute, 
 obtuse, vanishing papillae. Flesh thick. Spores white, "cylindrical, 
 curved, 12-18 x 4-5-6 /A; basidia ovoid, 15-22 x 9-12/A. Hyphae 1-3 p 
 in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Coniferous trunks, 
 and branches. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 var. foliacea (Bref.) Bres. (= Ulocolla foliacea Bref.) Bref. Unters. 
 Heft vn, t. vi, fig. 2. Foliacea, leafy. 
 
 Differs from the type in its larger size, and lobes. Coniferous trunks, 
 and branches. Nov. Uncommon. 
 
 Tremellodon Pers. 
 (Tremo, I tremble; oScov, a tooth.) 
 
 Eeceptacle gelatinous, soft, dimidiate, or spathulate, substipitate, 
 or sessile. Hymenium covering fertile spines or teeth. Basidia glo- 
 bose, or ovoid, longitudinally cruciately septate. Spores white, sub- 
 globose, smooth, producing a mycelium on germination. Growing on 
 wood. 
 
 2514. T. gelatinosum (Scop.) Pers. Boud. Icon. t. 178. 
 
 Gelatinosum, jelly-like. 
 
 R. 3-6 cm., glaucous fuscous, or tawny brownish, dimidiate, spathu- 
 late, or fan-shaped, rounded in front, attenuated behind, sessile or 
 substipitate, surface papillose. Spines white, or glaucous, 2-4 mm. 
 long, conical, straight, gelatinous. Flesh hyaline, gelatinous, trans- 
 parent, thick. Spores white, subglobose, 4 7/u,, multi-guttulate ; 
 basidia globose, longitudinally septate, 14-18 x 10-12/A, with 2-4- 
 sterigmata. Edible. Coniferous stumps and on the ground. Sept. 
 Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Protodontia von Hoehn. 
 (Trpcoro?, first; 0801)5, a tooth.) 
 
 Like the genus Odontia in appearance, but possessing vertically 
 septate basidia. Growing on wood. 
 
 2515. P. uda von Hoehn. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, p. 69, text-figs. 
 
 Uda, moist. 
 
 R. 1-2 cm., pure white and slightly hyaline when fresh, yellowish 
 when dry, effused, indeterminate, very soft and delicate. Spines 
 hyaline, then yellowish and collapsing, slender, acute up to 400 /n long, 
 100-150/M wide at the base. Flesh very thin, sometimes almost 
 wanting, white and mealy when dry. Spores white, elliptical, one 
 side flattened, 6-8(-9) x 3-4 ju,; basidia globose, immersed, vertically 
 septate, 7-8/x in diam., with 2-4-sterigmata, 8-10 x 1-5/n. Hyphae 
 very fine and closely adherent. Very soft, rotten wood. Dec. Rare.
 
 SEBACINA 737 
 
 Sebacina Tu]. (= Thelephora (Ehrb.) Fr. p.p.). 
 
 (Sebacina, greasy.) 
 
 Receptacle coriaceous, gelatinous, membranaceous, waxy, floccose, or 
 pulverulent, resupinate, effused, adnate, or crustaceous, and with the 
 habit of a Corticium. Hymenium smooth, or papillose. Basidia longi- 
 tudinally, cruciately divided, close together, or scattered, sometimes 
 intermixed with the conidiophores. Spores white, cylindrical, oval, 
 oblong, reniform or globose, smooth; producing sporidiola, or bunches 
 of conidia on germination. Growing on the ground, or on wood. 
 
 Subgenus Eusebacina Rea. 
 
 (eS, typical; Sebacina, the genus Sebacina.) 
 
 2516. S. incrustans (Pers.) Tul. (= Thekphora sebacea (Pers.) Fr.; 
 Thekphora cristata (Pers.) Fr.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 17, 
 fig. 6, as Thelephora sebacea. Incrustans, covering with a coat. 
 
 R. 5-10 cm. high, whitish, effused, incrusting, very variable in form, 
 tubercular, or resembling stalactites, apices somewhat subulate, or 
 fringed. Hymenium whitish, even, flocculoso-pruinose. Flesh whitish 
 waxy, then coriaceous, firm, loose. Spores white, oblong, curved or 
 flattened on the one side, 11-13 x 4-5 p, often guttulate; "basidia 
 ovoid, 15-20 x 12-15jLt. Hyphae firm, 2-5-3/u, in diam." Bourd. & 
 Galz. Incrusting grass, twigs, stems, mosses, leaves, etc. Feb. Nov. 
 Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2517. S. calcea (Pers.) Bres. (= ? Corticium calceum (Pers.) Fr.) Bres. 
 Fung. Trid. t. 175. Calcea, limy. 
 
 R. 3-10 cm., shining white, or chalk white becoming somewhat buff 
 or greyish, effused, closely adnate, crustaceous, slightly pulverulent; 
 margin mealy, thinner. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or papillose 
 and somewhat tuberculose, at length cracked. Flesh whitish, sub- 
 gelatinous, floccose. Spores white, "reniform, curved, 15-16 x 7-8 /A; 
 basidia at first globose, then more elongated and longitudinally, 
 cruciately septate, 18-25 x 12-16^, with sterigmata 30 x 3-4/i" 
 Wakef. "Paraphyses branched at the apex into very fine branches, 
 loaded with minute granules. Basal hyphae 2/x, in diam., the wall 
 gelatinously modified" Burt. Bark and dead wood. Sept. April. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2518. S. fugacissima Bourd. & Galz. Fugacissima, very fleeting. 
 R. -5-2 cm., greyish, effused in a very thin, mucous, hyaline film, 
 
 which disappears completely on drying, or leaves only a slightly 
 glistening trace barely visible under a lens. Spores hyaline, cylindrical, 
 curved, 4-5 x 2-5-4 /z; basidia longitudinally septate, 6-7 x 5-6 /LI. 
 Basal hyphae, thin walled, 2-3/t in diam. Very rotten wood. Feb. 
 Rare. 
 
 B.B.B. 47
 
 738 SEBACINA. EICHLERIELLA 
 
 Subgenus Heterochaetella Bourd. 
 
 (ere/309, different; ^airr), hair.) 
 Differs from Eusebacina in the hymenium possessing true cystidia. 
 
 2519. S. (Heteroch.) crystallina Bourd. in Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vn, 
 text fig. 2, p. 52. Kpvcrrd\\ivo<;, crystalline. 
 
 R. *5 2 cm., hyaline, indeterminate, interruptedly effused, ceraceo- 
 gelatinous, transparent, then collapsed and depressed, very thin, 
 rough with hyaline setae under a lens', margin similar, or less con- 
 tinuous and reticulate. Spores hyaline, subglobose, or obovate, more 
 or less apiculate at the base, (4)-4-5-6 x (3)-4-5ju, often 1-guttulate, 
 germinating laterally or at the apiculus and then truly elongate, or 
 conical; basidia obovate, or subglobose, 8-12 x 6-9 /A, longitudinally 
 septate, with 2-4 subulate sterigmata, 5-6/A and finally up to 15/u, 
 long. Cystidia scattered, or fasciculate, cylindrical, obtuse, 60-180 x 
 7 12/x, projecting 10-45/u, above the hymenium, thin walled. Very 
 rotten pine and jumper wood. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Subgenus Bourdotia Bres. 
 
 (L'abbe H. Bourdot, the eminent French mycologist.) 
 Receptacle waxy or pulverulent, entirely resupinate, with the habit 
 of a Corticium, possessing tubular, thin walled gloeocystidia, filled 
 with a coloured juice, and rising perpendicularly in the hyphae. 
 
 2520. S. (Bour.) Eyrei Wakefield. (= Gloeocystidium croceotingens 
 Wakef. sec. Bres.) 
 
 Rev. W. L. W. Eyre, a former President of the British Myco- 
 
 logical Society. 
 
 R. 2-6 cm., hyaline grey, becoming whitish grey when dry, broadly 
 and irregularly effused, closely adnate. Hymenium concolorous, 
 smooth, or here and there tuberculate. Flesh very thin, 40-45 p 
 thick. Spores white, globose, 4-6 p.; basidia at first obovate, con- 
 tinuous, at length longitudinally, cruciately divided into 4 parts, 
 10-13 x 7-8 /it, with 4 curved sterigmata, 7-9 x 1-5/z (at the base). 
 Gloeocystidia very numerous, arising from the base, not or scarcely 
 projecting, cylindrical, or subfusiform, 25-35 x 5-7 /A, filled with a 
 granular, yellow olivaceous juice. Vegetative hyphae either thin and 
 hyaline, or red brown, thicker walled, 3-6ju, in diam., frequently 
 septate, sometimes almost moniliform. The coloured hyphae often 
 stain the wood a bright orange-red. Decorticated beech log. May 
 Oct. Rare. 
 
 Eichleriella Bres. 
 (Bogumil Eichler.) 
 
 Receptacle coriaceous, waxy, or membranaceous, subgelatinous, 
 cup-shaped, or plano-concave, rarely pendulous; margin free. Hy- 
 menium smooth, rugulose, or Radulum-like. Basidia globose-ovoid,
 
 EICHLERIELLA. TULASNELLA 739 
 
 longitudinally, cruciately divided, with 2-4-sterigmata. Spores white, 
 cylindrical, or oblong, smooth, producing sporidiola on germination. 
 Growing on wood. 
 
 2521. E. spinulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Burt. (= Radulum spinulosum 
 Berk. & Curt.; Radulum deglubens B. & Br.; Eichleriella Kmetii 
 Bres. ; Stereum rufum Eng. Auth. non Fr. sec. Wakefield.) 
 
 Spinulosa, full of little thorns. 
 
 R. 3-6 cm., flesh colour, then wood brown, longitudinally and broadly 
 effused, confluent, separable; margin white, free, or reflexed, tomen- 
 tose beneath. Hymenium concolorous, pruinose, becoming red when 
 Tubbed, usually bearing tubercles, distant, simple, or multifid. Flesh 
 concolorous, coriaceous, soft, thick. Spores white, oblong, sub- 
 cylindrical, curved, very obtuse, 15-18 x 6-10/z; basidia longitu- 
 dinally septate, clavate, then fusiform, 30-45 x 9 12/n, with 2-3-, 
 rarely 4-sterigmata ; paraphyses brown at the apex. Dead branches 
 of ash, and poplar. Sept. March. Uncommon. 
 
 TULASNELLALES. 
 
 Basidia subglobose, simple, with 2-4 very thick, stout sterigmata. 
 Spores white, producing sporidiola on germination. Hymenium fully 
 exposed from the first. 
 
 TULASNELLACEAE. 
 
 Same characters as the order. 
 
 Tulasnella Schroet. 
 (L. R. and C. Tulasne, the eminent French mycologists.) 
 
 Receptacle fleshy membranaceous, or gelatinous, then cartilagi- 
 nous, resupinate, effused. Hymenium smooth, or plicate. Basidia 
 globose, with 2-4 very thick, stout sterigmata, at first obtuse, then 
 becoming elongated and filiform, springing from the apex, or the side 
 of the basidia. Spores white, globose, ovoid, elliptical, pyriform, or 
 pip-shaped, smooth, producing conidia or a mycelium on germina- 
 tion. Growing on wood, and humus. 
 
 2522. T. violea (Quel.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hypochnus violeus Quel.) 
 
 Violea, violet. 
 
 R. 2-10 cm., lilac violet, or rosy lilac, becoming rosy greyish or de- 
 coloured when dry, broadly effused; margin brighter coloured, byssoid. 
 Hymenium concolorous, membranaceous, tomentose. Flesh mem- 
 branaceous, very thin. Spores (or sterigmata) white, elliptical, 6 x 
 4 /A, "globose or almost globose, 5-7-5-10 x 4-5-6-5-8 /z, basidia 
 oboval, globose, 9-12 x 8-10/u. Hyphae thin walled, 3-6 /i" Bourd. 
 & Galz. Dead wood. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2523. T. incarnate JueL Incarnata, flesh colour. 
 R. 1-3 cm., bright pink, effused, forming irregular, small patches. 
 
 Hymenium concolorous, continuous, membranaceous. Flesh mem- 
 
 472
 
 740 TULASNELLA. DACRYOMYCES 
 
 branaceous, very thin. Spores white, pyriform, or pip-shaped, 8-11 x 
 5-7 /n; basidia obovate or clavate, 9/x in diam. Sterigmata (or sessile 
 spores according to Juel) usually 4, but sometimes 3 or 5, at first 
 obovate, or elliptical, 10-13 x 5-7-5/^, at length with a terminal 
 elongation, 7-17 x 1-2-5/n. Hyphae 3/j, in diam. Fallen branches of 
 oak. Sept. Oct. Eare. (v.v.) 
 
 2524. T. tremeUoides Wakef. & Pears. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, 
 text-figs., p. 70. Tremella, the genus Tremella, eZSo?, like. 
 
 R. 1-30 cm., purple, becoming blockish when dry, broadly effused; 
 margin concolorous. Hymenium concolorous, undulately plicate. Flesh 
 pale purplish, gelatinous, then horny, finally collapsing into a thin 
 film. Spores white, elliptical, depressed on one side, laterally apicu- 
 late at the base, 8-10 x 4-5-5-5/z; basidia clavate, 15-18 x 6-5-7 /x, 
 with 4-sterigmata ; sterigmata at first oblong, granular inside, 15 x 
 3-3'5/i, at length collapsed, up to 20/x long. Subhymenial hyphae, 
 6-8/x in diam., basal hyphae pale purplish, 4/x, in diam. Pine needles, 
 at the base of a stump. Nov. Rare. 
 
 CALOCERALES. 
 
 Basidia cylindrical, becoming forked with two long, pointed sterig- 
 mata. Hymenium fully exposed from the first. Spores always be- 
 coming septate on germination, and producing from each cell either 
 one sporidiolum, or a bunch of conidia. 
 
 CALOCERACEAE. 
 Same characters as the order. 
 
 Dacryomyces Nees. 
 (Sd/cpvov, a tear; fAvtcr/s, fungus.) 
 
 Receptacle gelatinous, or subgelatinous, homogeneous; globose, 
 subglobose, tuberculate, often becoming cup-shaped, and sometimes 
 flattened, sessile, rarely stipitate or substipitate. Hymenium smooth, 
 wrinkled, or folded. Basidia with two long, pointed sterigmata. Spores 
 white, or yellowish, oblong, cylindrical, ovoid, subelliptical, or ovato- 
 triangular; simple, transversely septate, or muriform. Receptacles 
 producing conidia, globose, consisting of radiating, septate, monili- 
 form threads. Growing on wood. 
 
 *Rosy. 
 
 2525. D. macrosporus B. & Br. (= Dacryomyces fragiformis (Pers.) 
 Fr. sec. Quel.) B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 1374, t. 7, fig. 1. 
 
 paicpos, long; cnropd, seed. 
 
 R. 6-20 mm., rose colour, tuberculate, rounded, irregularly gyrate. 
 Flesh gelatinous, diaphanous, firm. Spores white, oblong, 40-50 x 
 8-1 1/z, 3-5-septate. Conidia elliptical, 14/z. Parasitic on old remains 
 of Diatrype stigma. Dec. April. Uncommon.
 
 DACBYOMYCES 741 
 
 **Yellow, or orange. 
 
 2526. D. deliquescens (Bull.) Duby. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. 455, 
 fig. 3, as Tremella deliquescens. Deliquescens, dissolving. 
 
 R. 2-12 mm., yellow, or orange, somewhat round, convex, then 
 lens-shaped, immarginate, at length twisted, sessile, sometimes stipi- 
 tate and root-like. Flesh pale, gelatinous, hyaline. Spores white, 
 cylindrical, curved, 8-22 x 4-7 ju, becoming 3-septate, "each com- 
 partment producing 1-2 ovoid sporidiola, 3-4 x 2 /z; basidia 20-45 x 
 3-5 IJL. Hyphae l-S^u, in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood and fallen 
 branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 var. hyalinus (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Dacryomyces hyalinus (Pers.) 
 Quel. ; Tremella albida Huds. sec. Quel.) Hyalinus, transparent. 
 Differs from the type only in being at the first entirely hyaline, then 
 opaline. Birch. Sept. May. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2527. D. stfflatus (Nees) Fr. Nees Syst. t. 90. Stillatus, distilled. 
 R. 2-8 mm., yellow, then orange, colour persistent, globose, then 
 
 umbilicate and Peziza-like, somewhat confluent, at length plicate, 
 sessile, or substipitate, white villose at the base, often yellow pruinose. 
 Flesh paler, gelatinous, then firm. Spores white, or yellowish, " ovoid, 
 or oblong, rarely depressed, 18-25 x 7-10/z, 1-pluri-guttulate, gutta 
 yellow, finally 1 -septate; basidia 50-60 x 7-1 2 /n, filled with orange 
 granules. Hyphae 1-5-3/x, in diam., with small clamp connections" 
 Bourd. & Galz. Dead pine branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2528. D. chrysocomus (Bull.) Tul. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 376, 
 
 fig. 2. as Peziza chrysocoma. ^/overo?, gold; KG/JUT], hair. 
 
 R. 2-3 mm., golden, orbicular, spherical when young, immarginate, 
 soon collapsing, pezizoid, at length flattened, persistently even. Flesh 
 paler, gelatinous, then cartilaginous, firm. Spores yellowish, "oblong 
 oval, or subelliptical, incurved especially towards the base, 12-24 x 
 6-9 p., becoming larger and 10-septate; basidia 45-85 x 4-6 JM. Hyphae 
 1-5-4 fj, in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Coniferous 
 branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2529. D.tortus (Berk.) Massee.(==TraweWatorto Berk.) Tortus, twisted. 
 R. 48 mm., yellow, or orange, rounded, depressed, gyroso-tubercu- 
 
 late. Flesh paler, gelatinous, firm. Spores white, cylindrical, curved, 
 12 x 4-5 ju, 3-septate. Dead oak branches. Oct. May. Not un- 
 common, (v.v.) 
 
 2530. D. succineus Fr. (= Peziza electrina Phill. & Plowr.) Boud. 
 Icon. t. 181. Succineus, amber colour. 
 
 R. -5 mm., yellow amber, punctiform, globose, gregarious, forming 
 patches 3-6 cm. ; margin minutely toothed, paler on the outside.
 
 742 DACRYOMYCES. DITIOLA 
 
 Hymenium darker, velvety with the projecting sterigmata. Flesh 
 subgelatinous. Spores white, oblong, slightly curved, 7-15 x 4-5 p; 
 basidia with two long sterigmata. Fallen oak branches and pine 
 leaves. Rare. 
 
 ***Pallid, or fuscous. 
 
 2531. D. sebaceus B. & Br. B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 1305, t. 18, 
 fig. 2. Sebaceus, like tallow. 
 
 R. 4-8 mm., whitish, somewhat round, cup-shaped. Flesh white, 
 gelatinous, firm. Spores white, ovato-triangular, 14 x 6-8/z. Hyphae 
 often clavate above. Ash, and maple twigs. Jan. May. Uncommon. 
 (9.9.) 
 
 2532. D. venniformis B. & Br. B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 700, 
 t. 3, fig. 1. Vermis, a worm ; /orma, shape. 
 
 R. 1 mm., grey, worm-shaped. Sporophores 14//,, spores 6/z. Rotten 
 wood. April Sept. Rare. 
 
 Ditiola Fr. 
 (819, twice; touXo?, down.) 
 
 Receptacle gelatinous, subgelatinous, sometimes becoming horny, 
 always firm and becoming indurated in the stem ; cup-shaped, tuber- 
 cular, or globose, sometimes branched, or lobed; stipitate, or sub- 
 stipitate. Hymenium discoid, unilateral, smooth. Basidia cylindrical, 
 with two long sterigmata. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, ellip- 
 tical, or elliptic cylindrical, smooth, simple, or 1-3 transversely 
 septate. Growing on wood. 
 
 2533. D. radicate (A. & S.) Fr. (= Femsjonia luteo-alba Fr. sec. Quel.) 
 Eng. & Prantl. Pflanz. Fam. 1**, p. 98, fig. 63, M-Q. 
 
 Radicata, rooted. 
 
 R. 2-8 mm., orange, tubercular, then nail-shaped with a distinct 
 stem, convex, slightly viscid; margin obtuse. St. 3-6 x 2-3 mm., at 
 first whitish, soon concolorous, rooting. Flesh paler, subgelatinous 
 above, firm below. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, rounded at both 
 ends, 9-10 x 4/x, becoming 1-3-septate; basidia cylindrical. Hyphae 
 with clamp connections. Dead coniferous branches. Oct. March. 
 Uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 2534. D. Ulicis Plowr. (= Femsjonia luteo-albaFT. sec. Lloyd.) Trans. 
 Brit. Myc. Soc. I, t. 2, figs. 2-6. Ulex, furze. 
 
 R. 1-5-5 mm., pale lemon yellow, becoming darker, head globose, 
 then flattened and wrinkled, at first slightly villose with a thin, white, 
 hyaline tomentum. St. -5-1 mm., sometimes absent, hyaline-villose 
 when young. Spores white, elliptico-cylindrical, 15 x 5/z, 4-5-guttu- 
 late, then cylindrical, with an oblique, large apiculus at the base, 
 15-18 x 5/Li, 3-septate. Dead furze stems. Jan. Uncommon.
 
 DITIOLA. FEMSJONIA. DACRYOMITRA 743 
 
 2535. D. merulina (Pers.) Rea. (= Guepinia merulina (Pers.) Quel.; 
 Guepinia peziza Tul. sec. Pat.) Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 20, 
 fig. 6, as Tremella lutescens Pers. 
 
 Merulina, like the genus Merulius. 
 
 R. 1-3 cm., yellow amber, cup-shaped, oblique, often irregular, and 
 with linear folds on the outside; margin thin, waved. St. concolorous, 
 slender. Flesh yellowish, diaphanous, gelatinous, then firm. Spores 
 white, "oboval, or oblong, depressed at the side, 9-13 x 5-6 /A, 1-3- 
 septate. Conidia rough, subglobose, 9-12/z, formed on the exterior 
 of the receptacle. Hyphae swollen at the ends, 5-6/i in diam., with 
 Opuntia-like branches" Bourd. & Galz. Dead branches, and wood, 
 especially beech. Dec. Feb. Uncommon. 
 
 2536. D. obliqua (Massee) Rea. Obliqua, slanting. 
 R. 4 mm. high, orange red, concave, oblique, often like a rabbit's 
 
 ear. St. concolorous, short, oblique. Flesh gelatinous, then horny. 
 Spores white, elliptical, slightly curved, 12 x 5-6/A. Gregarious. 
 Dead wood. Nov. Rare. 
 
 Femsjonia Fr. 
 (Femsjonia, belonging to Femsjo.) 
 
 Receptacle gelatinous, or floccose, heterogeneous, erumpent, con- 
 vex, then plane, obconic, sessile. Hymenium smooth, becoming 
 wrinkled. Basidia cylindrical, with two long, pointed sterigmata. 
 Spores yellowish, boat-shaped, simple, and multi-guttulate, then be- 
 coming oblong and multi-septate. Growing on wood. 
 
 2537. F. luteo-alba Fr. Luteus, yellow; alba, white. 
 R. 215 cm., bright golden yellow, erumpent, convex, then plane, 
 
 obconic, sessile, somewhat rooting, disc becoming wrinkled with age, 
 white tomentose beneath. Flesh yellowish, subgelatinous near the hy- 
 menium, floccose below, firm. Spores yellowish, boat-shaped at first 
 and multi-guttulate, 12-21 x 7-8/t, becoming oblong, and 8-10-or 
 more-septate, 18-22 x 7-8 /j,. Basidia cylindrical, 75-80 x 5-7 /A, with 
 two long sterigmata, 35-40ju. Hyphae with clamp connections. Fallen 
 branches of oak, and birch. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 Dacryomitra Tul. (= Dacryopsis Massee). 
 
 (Sd/cpvov, a tear; i^Lrpa, a turban.) 
 
 Receptacle gelatinous, or subgelatinous, firm, erect, cylindrical, 
 apex globose, or elongate, stipitate. Hymenium smooth, or rugosely 
 wrinkled. Basidia cylindrical, with two long sterigmata. Conidiophores 
 present, or absent, accompanying, or preceding the basidia. Spores 
 white, oblong, or elliptical, smooth, simple, or transversely septate. 
 Growing on wood.
 
 744 DACRYOMITRA. CALOCERA 
 
 *Hymenium with basidia only. 
 
 2538. D. glossoides (Pers.) Bref. (= Calocera glossoides (Pers.) Fr.) 
 
 yXwcrcra, tongue; elSos, like. 
 
 R. 3-12 mm. high, yellow, clavate, or pear-shaped, thickened, obtuse, 
 compressed, slightly viscid. St. concolorous, round, white floccose at 
 the base. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, firm. Spores white, broadly 
 oblong, or elliptical, incurved, often attenuated at the base, 13-15 x 
 5-6/i, 2-3-septate. Dead oak branches. Sept. Dec. Uncommon. 
 (v.v.) 
 
 **Hymenium with conidiophores, and basidia. 
 
 2539. D. nuda (Berk.) Pat. (= Ditiola nuda Berk.) Massee, Brit. 
 Fung. Fl. i, p. 56, figs. 56, as Dacryopsis nuda Massee. 
 
 Nuda, naked. 
 
 R 3-4 mm., reddish orange, head hemispherical, flattened below. 
 St. 3-4 x 2-3-5 mm., white, or tinged yellow, minutely tomentose. 
 Flesh subgelatinous. Spores white, elliptic oblong, with an oblique 
 apiculus, 14 x 5 /A, 3-septate; basidia cylindrical, 56-60 x 5-6//,. 
 Conidiophores linear, straight, aseptate, simple, or rarely with 1-3 
 short branchlets near the apex, 35-40 x 1-5/n; conidia elliptic oblong, 
 3 xl/x. Fir stumps. Sept. Rare. 
 
 Calocera Fr. 
 
 (/ca\o?, beautiful; epa<?, a horn.) 
 
 Receptacle gelatinous coriaceous, cartilaginous when dry; erect 
 cylindrical, simple, or branched. Hymenium smooth, amphigenous. 
 Basidia with two long sterigmata. Spores white, or yellow, elliptical, 
 elliptic oblong, oblong, or comma-shaped, smooth, or punctate, simple, 
 becoming septate on germination. Conidiophores rarely accompanying 
 the basidia. Growing on wood, more rarely amongst leaves. 
 
 *Branched. 
 
 2540. C. viscosa (Pers.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 104, no. 236, as 
 Calocera flammea (Schaeff.) Quel. Viscosa, sticky. 
 
 R. 1-10 cm. high, golden-egg-yellow, becoming orange when dry, 
 branched, long rooted, viscid, even, linear. Branches concolorous, 
 round, or compressed, tense, straight, repeatedly dichotomous, apex 
 generally forked. Flesh yellow, gelatinous, then cartilaginous, firm. 
 Spores deep ochraceous, elliptic oblong, often depressed on one side, 
 10-11 x 4-5 n, 3-guttulate; basidia 40-50 x 5-6 /i. Coniferous stumps. 
 July Jan. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2541. C. palmata (Schum.) Fr. Pabnata, palmate. 
 R. 2 cm. high, orange, then yellow, branched, compressed, dilated 
 
 upwards, divided. Branches concolorous, somewhat round, obtuse.
 
 CALOCEBA 745 
 
 Flesh yellow, gelatinous, tough. Spores "oblong, depressed on one 
 side, 7-12 x 3-5-4-5 ju; basidia 22-36 x 4-5 p. Hyphae 2-3 p in 
 diam." Bourd. & Galz Wood. Rare. 
 
 **Caespitose. 
 
 2542. C.tuberosa(Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. 1. 199. Tuberosa, bulbous. 
 R. 3-5 cm. high, yellowish, linear, simple, subacute, caespitose, two 
 
 or three springing from a thick, strigose, subglobose, rooting, tuberous 
 base. Flesh gelatinous, tough. Spores white, "elliptical, comma- 
 shaped, 10/Lt, punctate" Quel., "9-10 x 6 /A" Massee. Rotten trunks. 
 Rare. 
 
 2543. C. cornea (Batsch) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 40. Cornea, horny. 
 R. 4-10 mm. high, yellow orange, clubs small, curt, awl-shaped, 
 
 connate at the base, rarely with a minute branchlet, viscid, white 
 villose at the base, rooting. Flesh paler, gelatinous, soon horny, firm. 
 Spores white, oblong, often curved, 7-9 x 3-5-4 /u,; "basidia 30-35 x 
 4 5/>t. Hyphae 2-4^ in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Fallen branches, and 
 worked wood. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 
 
 2544. C. corticalis Fr. Corticalis, pertaining to the bark. 
 R. 1-2 mm. high, pallid flesh colour, clubs awl-shaped, somewhat 
 
 distinct, erumpent. Flesh pellucid, soft. Caespitose. Dead bark. 
 Dec. Jan. Rare. 
 
 ***Simple, distinct. 
 
 2545. C. stricta Fr. Stricta, rigid. 
 R. 10-25 mm. high, yellow, clubs solitary, simple, elongate; base 
 
 white villose, blunt. Spores "club-shaped, acute downwards, 9-12 x 
 4-5 /u,, hyaline, slenderly septate in the middle, not constricted" Sacc. 
 Decorticated wood. Sept. April. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 
 
 var. epiphylla Fr. eiri, upon; <f)ii\\ov, a leaf. 
 
 Differs from the type in being longer, 5-7-5 cm. high, in the base being 
 naked and bluntly rooted, and in growing amongst pine needles. Sept. 
 Oct. Uncommon. 
 
 2546. C. striata (Hoffm.) Fr. Hoffm. Fl. Germ. Or. 2, t. 6, fig. 1, as 
 Clavaria striata. Striata, furrowed. 
 
 R. 1-7 cm. high, yellow, clubs solitary, simple, lanceolate, acute, 
 striate when dry. Flesh tough, translucid. Spores "oblong, depressed 
 on one side, 7-10 x 3-5 fi; basidia 28-36 x 4-5 p. Hyphae 2-3 jtx in 
 diam." Bourd. & Galz. Prostrate trunks. March. Rare. 
 Apyrenium lignatile Fr. = the conidial condition of Hypocrea rufa 
 
 (Pers.) Fr. 
 
 Apyrenium armeniacum B. & Br. = the conidial condition of Hy- 
 pocrea gelatinosa (Tode) Fr.
 
 746 
 
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 1865. 
 
 Prill. & Del. E. PRILLEUX and G. DELACROIX, Maladies des plantes agri- 
 coles, etc., 1895-1897. 
 Purton T. PURTON, Midland Flora, 1817-1821. 
 
 Quel. L. QUELET, in Association frangaise pour 1'avancement des sciences, 
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 Quel. & Bat. L. QUELET and F. BATAILLE, Flore monographique des 
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 Rabenh. L. RABENHORST, Deutschlands Kryptogamenflora, 1844-1853; 
 
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 Oesterreich und der Schweiz, 1884. 
 
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 1779-1791. 
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 1805. 
 
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 Rich. & Roze Atlas des Champignons comestibles et veneneux de la 
 
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 1906-1910. 
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 Holfons Hattsvampar, 1879-1882.
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY 753 
 
 Sacc. P. A. SACCARDO, Michelia, 1877-1882; Sylloge Fungorum omniam 
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 Saund. & Sm. W. W. SAUNDERS and W. G. SMITH, Mycological Illustra- 
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 Saut. A. E. SAUTER, in Flora, vol. xxiv, 1841. 
 
 Schaeff. J. C. SCHAEFFER, Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palatinatu circa 
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 Schmid. C. C. SCHMIDEL, Icones plantarum et analyses partium, 1793- 
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 Schrad. H. A. SCHRADER, Spicilegium Florae Germanicae, 1794; Nova 
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 Schrank F. VON P. VON SCHRANK, Baiersche Flora, 1789. 
 
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 Schulz. S. SCHULZER VON MuEGGENBURG, in Kalchbrenner's Icones se- 
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 Sebum. C. E. SCHUMACHER, Enumeratio Plantarum Saellandiae, 1801- 
 1803. 
 
 Schwein. L. DE SCHWEINITZ, Synopsis Fungorum Carolinae superioris, 
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 Scop. J. A. SCOPOLI, Flora Carniolica, 1772. 
 
 Seer. L. SECRETAN, Mycographie Suisse, 1833. 
 
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 Sv. Bot. Svensk Botanisk, 1802, etc. 
 
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 1806. 
 
 R. B. B. 48
 
 754 BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
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 Pflanzen, 1854.
 
 755 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Synonyms are in italics 
 
 abhorrens B. & Br. (Omphalia) 430 
 abiegna B. & Br. (Omphalia) 429 
 abietina (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 711 
 abietina (Pers.) Massee (Hymenochaete) 
 
 670 
 
 abietina (BuU.) Fr. (Lenzites) 613 
 abietinum (Pers.) FT. (Stereum) 666, 
 
 670 
 
 abietinus (Polyporus) 610 
 abietinus (Dicks.) Fr. (Polystictus) 610 
 dbietinus (Dicks.) Fr. (Polystictus) 610 
 abietis (Batsch) Quel. (Marasmius) 532 
 abjecta Karst. (Inocybe) 198 
 abstrusa Fr. (Naucoria) 351 
 acanthoides (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 583 
 acanthoides (Bull.) Quel. (Polyporus) 
 
 583 
 accedens Bourd. & Galz. (Peniophora) 
 
 688 
 
 acerbum Bull. (Tricholoma) 217 
 acerbum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 235 
 acerinum (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 667, 
 
 672 
 acerinus (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 
 (Aleurodiscus) 667, 672 
 acerinus Fr. (Pleurotus) 446 
 acerosus Fr. (Pleurotus) 449 
 acervata Fr. ( Colly bia) 337 
 Acetabularia Berk. 6, 96 
 acetabulosa Berk. (Acetabularia) 97 
 acetabulosa (Sow.) Sacc. (Locellina) 97 
 acetabulosus Sow. (Agaricus) 97 
 Acia Karst. 13, 641 
 acicula (Schaeff.) Fr. (Mycena) 393 
 acre Quel. (Hydnum) 632 
 acris (Bolt.) Fr. (Lactarius) 485 
 actinophorus (Massee) Rea (Andro- 
 
 saceus) 533 
 
 actinophorus B. & Br. (Marasmius) 533 
 actinophorus (B. & Br.) Massee (Maras- 
 mius) 533 
 
 aculeata Quel. (Amanita) 102 
 aculeata Quel. (Stropharia) 130 
 acuminatus Fr. (Panaeolus) 372 
 acus W. G. Sm. (Eccilia) 437 
 acuta (Sow.) Fr. (Clavaria) 719 
 acuta (Sow.) Fr. (Clavaria) 720 
 aeutesquamosa (Weinm. ) Fr. (Lepiota) 
 
 67 
 
 acutus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 193 
 adequata Britz. (Inocybe) 205, 207 
 
 adhaerens (A. & S.) Fr. (Lentinus) 538 
 adiposa Fr. (Pholiota) 119 
 adiposus B. & Br. (Polyporus) 587 
 adnata (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. (Amanitop- 
 
 sis) 93, 99 
 
 Adonis (BuU.) Fr. (Mycena) 378 
 adstringens (Pers.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 239 
 
 adusta (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 459 
 adustus (Wild.) Fr. (Polyporus) 587 
 Aegerita von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Penio- 
 phora) 687 
 
 aegerita (Porta) Fr. (Pholiota) 116 
 aellopum Fr. (Hypholoma) 263 
 aereus (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 567 
 aeruginea (Lindb.) Fr. (Russula) 472 
 aeruginosa (Curt.) Fr. (Stropharia) 125 
 aestivalis (Paul.) Fr. (Boletus) 567 
 aethiops Fr. (Leptonia) 344 
 aetites Fr. (Mycena) 389 
 affinis Massee (Bolbitius) 498 
 Agaricaceae 6, 55 
 AGARICALES xi, 1, 5, 55 
 AGABICINEAE 5, 6, 55 
 agathosmus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 297 
 agathosmus (Fr.) Quel. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 296 
 
 aggregata (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 278 
 aggregata Fr. (Mucronella) 630 
 aggregatum (Schaeff.) Quel. (Tricho- 
 loma) 278 
 
 agraria Fr. (Psilocybe) 364 
 agrestis Pers. (Cyathus) 47 
 alba (GiUet) Rea (Amanita) 100 
 alba W. G. Sm. (Amanita) 104 
 alba Cotton (Clavaria) 713 
 alba (Bres.) Sacc. (Lepiota) 70 
 alba R. Make (Lepiota) 76 
 alba Fl. Dan. (Mycena) 395 
 alba Viv. (Psaliota) 87 
 alba Quel. (Russula) 460 
 alba Cke. (Russula) 470 
 albellum Fr. (Tricholoma) 233 
 Albertinii (Fr.) Quel. (Pleurotus) 441, 
 albida (Gillet) Rea (Clitocybe) 273 
 albida Fr. (Phlebia) 625 
 albida Huds. (Tremella) 741 
 albida (Huds.) Fr. (Tremella) 731 
 albidopallens Karst. (Omphalia) 431 
 albidotomentosus (Cke. & Massee) Rea 
 (Panus) 536 
 
 482
 
 756 
 
 INDEX 
 
 albidus (Roques) Quel. (Boletus) 570 
 albidus FT. (CanthareUus) 543 
 albidus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Polyporus) 578 
 albidus Trog (Polyporus) 591 
 albipes (Fr.) Rea (Androsaceus) 532 
 aJbipes Fr. (Marasmius) 532 
 albobrunneum(Pers.)Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 218 
 
 albocinerea Rea (Clitocybe) 286 
 albocyanea (Desm.) Fr. (Stropharia) 
 
 126 
 
 albocyaneus Fr. (Cortinarius) 163 
 albofarinosus Rea (Pluteus) 62 
 albolabyrinthiporus Rea (Polypoms) 
 
 581 
 
 albonigra Krombh. (Russula) 459 
 albonigra (Krombh.) Fr. (Russula) 459 
 albosquamosa W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 84 
 albostramineum (Bres.) Bourd. & 
 
 Galz. (Corticium) 683, 685 
 albostramineus Bres. (Hypochus) 685 
 alboviolaceus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 156 
 alboviolascens (A. & S.) Karst. (Cy- 
 
 phella) 698 
 
 aJboviolascens A. & S. (Peziza) 698 
 album Fr. (Hebeloma) 253 
 album Quel. (Hydnum) 630 
 album Quel. (Stereum) 674 
 album (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 235 
 albus Fr. (Cantharellus) 542 
 albus (Huds.) Fr. (Polyporus) 587 
 albus Cda. (Ptychogaster) 660 
 alcalina Fr. (Mycena) 387 
 alccdina Fr. (Mycena) 384 
 Aldridgea Massee 13, 660 
 Aldridgei Massee (Flammula) 313 
 aleuriatus Fr. (Pluteolus) 63 
 aleuriatus Fr. (Pluteolus) 63 
 Aleurodiscus Rabenh. 14, 671 
 Alexandri Gillet (Locellina) 97 
 Alexandri Fr. (Paxillus) 549 
 Algeriensis Fr. (Pilosace) 63 
 algidus (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 450 
 algidus Fr. (Pleurotus) 450 
 AUenii R. Maire (Omphalia) 424 
 Attescheri Bres. (Corticium) 691 
 Allescheri (Bres.) Wakef. (Peniophora) 
 
 691 
 
 alliacea Weinm. (Odontia) 650 
 alliaceus (Jacq.) Fr. (Marasmius) 528 
 attiatus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Marasmius) 
 
 529 
 
 alligatus Fr. (Polyporus) 583 
 allutus (Seer.) FT. (Cortinarius) 139 
 Almeni Fr. (Agaricua) 447 
 Almeni (Fr.) Big. & Guill. (Pleurotus) 
 
 447 
 
 alnicola Fr. (Flammula) 318 
 alnicola Fr. (Flammula) 320 
 
 alternatus (Schum.) Fr. (Coprinus) 507 
 alutacea Cke. & Massee (Clitocybe) 
 
 273, 427 
 alutacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Odontia) 
 
 638, 648 
 alutacea Cke. & Massee (Omphalia) 
 
 427 
 
 alutacea (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 474 
 alutaceum (Schrad.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Gloeocystidium) 685 
 alutaceum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 648 
 alutaceus Fr. (Polyporus) 590 
 alutarius Fr. (Boletus) 555 
 alutarius (Fr.) Rea (Tylopilus) 555 
 alutipes (Lasch) Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 
 alvearis Cke. ( Colly bia) 337, 525 
 alvearis (Cke.) Rea (Marasmius) 337, 
 
 525 
 
 alveolus (Lasch) Fr. (Crepidotus) 454 
 amadelphus (Bull.) Fr. (Marasmius) 
 
 527 
 
 Amanlta (Pers.) Fr. 6, 97 
 Amanltopsis Roze 6, 92 
 amara Fr. (Clitocybe) 221, 272 
 amarella (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 272 
 amarellus (Pers.) Quel. (Paxillus) 272, 
 
 310 
 
 amarescens Quel. (Naucoria) 353 
 amarum (A. & S.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 221, 272 
 amarum (A. & S.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 220 
 ambiguus (Vitt.) Tul. (Melanogaster) 
 
 ambusta Fr. (Colly bia) 341 
 ameides B. & Br. (Entoloma) 246 
 amethysteus Quel. (Cantharellus) 542 
 amethystina (Batt.) Fr. (Clavaria) 706 
 amethystina (Vaill.) B. & Br. (Lac- 
 
 caria) 290 
 
 amethystina Quel. (Psaliota) 90 
 amethystinum Quel. (Tricholoma) 236 
 amethystinum (Scop.) Fr. (Tricho- 
 loma) 233 
 
 amethystinus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Cortin- 
 arius) 157 
 
 amianthina (Scop.) Fr. (Lepiota) 75 
 amianthina (Scop.) Fr. (Lepiota) 108 
 amicta Fr. (Mycena) 391 
 amicta Fr. (Mycena) 391 
 amicum Fr. (Tricholoma) 234 
 ammoniaca Fr. (Mycena) 388 
 ammophila Lev. (Bo vista) 38 
 ammophila (Lev.) Lloyd (Bovistella) 
 
 38 
 ammophila (Mont.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 
 
 268, 364 
 ammophilum (Mont.) Quel. (Hypho- 
 
 loma) 268, 364 
 amoena Quel. (Russula) 476
 
 INDEX 
 
 757 
 
 amoenus (Lasch) Quel. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 308 
 amorphum (Pers.) Fr (Corticium) 672, 
 
 682 
 amorphus (Pers.) Rabenh. (Aleurodis- 
 
 cus) 672, 682 
 
 amorphus Fr. (Polyporus) 586 
 amorphum Fr. (Polyporus) 587 
 ampla (Pers.) Quel. (Amanita) 102 
 ampla (Lev.) Maire (Auriculariopsis) 
 
 697 
 
 ampla Pers. (Clitocybe) 219, 227, 277 
 ampla (Lev.) Fr. (Cyphella) 697 
 amplum (Pers.) Rea (Tricholoma) 227, 
 
 277 
 
 amsegetes Fr. (Mycena) 392 
 anatina (Lasch) Fr. (Leptonia) 343 
 Andromedae Peck (Exobasidium) 725 
 Androsaceus (Pers.) Pat. 8, 530 
 androsaceus (Linn.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 
 
 531 
 androsaceus (Linn.) Fr. (Marasmius) 
 
 531 
 aneirina (Sommerf.) Fr. (Poria) 604, 
 
 617 
 aneirina (Sommerf.) Quel. (Trametes) 
 
 604, 617 
 
 Anellarla Karst. 6, 91 
 anfractus Fr. (Cortinarius) 138 
 anglicus Massee (Pleurotus) 446 
 anguinea Fr. (Naucoria) 350 
 angulatus (Batsch) B. & Br. (Maras- 
 mius) 526 
 
 angulosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 187 
 angustata (Sow.) Fr. (Daedalea) 619 
 angustatus Sow. (Boletus) 619 
 angustissima (Lasch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 
 
 289 
 
 angustus (Pers.) Fr. (Clitopilus) 311 
 annosus Fr. (Fomes) 595 
 Annularia Schulz. 6, 81 
 annulosulphurea Gillet (Amanita) 104 
 anomala (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 638, 
 
 645 
 
 anomala (Pers.) Fr. (Solenia) 702 
 anomalum B. & Br. (Hydnum) 638, 
 
 645 
 
 anomalus Fr. (Cortinarius) 162 
 anthocephala (Bull.) Pat. (Phylacteria) 
 
 652 
 anthocephala (Bull.) Fr. (Thelephora) 
 
 652 
 anthochroum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 
 
 682 
 anthochrous (Pers.) Quel. (Hypochnus) 
 
 682 
 
 anthracinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 165 
 anthracophila Karst. (Tubaria) 438 
 antipus (Lasch) Fr. (Galera) 408 
 apala FT. (Galera) 406 
 
 apalus (Fr.) Quel. (Bolbitius) 406 
 
 aphthosus Fr. (Coprinus) 502 
 
 APHYLLOPHORALES xi, 1, 10, 574 
 
 apicalis W. G. Sm. (Bolbitius) 498 
 
 apicrea Fr. (Flammula) 320 
 
 appendiculatum Bull. (Hypholoma) 
 131, 266, 268 
 
 appendiculatum (Bull.) Fr. (Hypho- 
 loma) 267 
 
 appendiculatus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Boletus) 
 569 
 
 applanatum (Pers.) Pat. (Ganoderma) 
 597 
 
 applanatus (Pers.) Fr. (Crepidotus) 
 
 applanatus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 597 
 applicatus (Batsch) Quel. (Calathinus) 
 
 451 
 applicatus (Batsch) Berk. (Pleurotus) 
 
 451 
 
 aquatilis Peck (Coprinus) 515 
 aquosa (Bull.) Fr. (Collybia) 337, 525 
 aquosus (Bull.) Rea (Marasmius) 337, 
 
 525 
 
 arachnoideum Berk. (Corticium) 676 
 araneosa Quel. (Nolanea) 402 
 arata Berk. (Psathyrella) 420 
 aratus B. & Br. (Coprinus) 506 
 arbustivus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 294 
 archyropus Pers. (Marasmius) 520 
 archyropus (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 
 
 523 
 arcuatum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 240 
 arcuatum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 239, 240, 242 
 arcularius (Batsch) Fr. (Polyporus) 
 
 576 
 
 Ardenia (Sow.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718 
 ardosiacum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 246 
 arenarius A. & S. (Pisolithus) 50 
 arenatus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 160 
 areolata Klotzsch (Psilocybe) 364 
 areolata (Klotzsch) Berk. (Psilocybe) 
 
 363 
 argentatus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 154 
 
 argenteogriseus Rea (Pluteus) 58 
 argillacea (Pers.) FT. (Clavaria) 716 
 argillacea Bres. (Jaapia) 659 
 arguta (Fr.) Quel. (Odontia) 638, 648 
 arguta (Fr.) Quel. (Odontia) 641 
 argutum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 648 
 argutus Fr. (Cortinarius) 153 
 argyraceum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 223 
 argyraceum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 222 
 
 argyropus Fr. (Cortinarius) 191 
 arida Fr. (Amanita) 80, 105
 
 758 
 
 INDEX 
 
 arida Fr. (Coniophora) 626 
 arida (Fr.) Gillet (Lepiota) 80, 105 
 aridum Fr. (Corticium) 626 
 armeniaca Cke. (Russula) 478 
 armeniaca (Cke.) Rea (Russula) 478 
 armeniacum B. & Br. (Apyrenium) 745 
 armeniacus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 182 
 
 armeniacus Berk. (Polyporus) 587 
 Armillaria Fr. 6, 105 
 armillatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 172 
 aromaticus (Sow.) Berk. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 295 
 
 arvalis Fr. (Naucoria) 356 
 arvensis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psaliota) 84 
 arvinaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 
 arvinaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 
 ASCOMYCETAE ix 
 ascus ix 
 
 Aseroe La Billard 3, 22 
 asper Lloyd (Geaster) 41 
 aspera (Amanita) 103 
 aspera (Fr.) Quel. (Amanita) 104 
 aspera (Pers.) Quel. (Lepiota) 67 
 aspideus Fr. (Lactarius) 481 
 aspideus Fr. (Lactarius) 483 
 asprella Fr. (Leptonia) 347 
 asterophora Fr. (Nyctalis) 541 
 asterosperma Vitt. (Octaviania) 28 
 asterospora (Qu61.) Rea (Astrosporina) 
 
 207, 210 
 
 asterospora Pat. (Clavaria) 719 
 asterospora Quel. (Inocybe) 210 
 Astraeus Morgan 4, 5, 51 
 astragalina Fr. (Flammula) 318 
 astroideus Fr. (Coprinus) 505 
 Astrosporina Schroet. 7, 207 
 aterrimum Fr. (Radulum) 641, 681 
 atomata Fr. (Psathyrella) 373, 421 
 atomatus (Fr.) Quel. (Panaeolus) 373, 
 
 421 
 
 atra (Weinm.) Rea (Phylacteria) 653 
 air a Weinm. (Thelephora) 653 
 atramentarius (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 
 
 501 
 atramentarius (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 
 
 502 
 
 atrata Fr. ( Colly bia) 341 
 atrides (Lasch) Fr. (Eccilia) 436 
 atroalba (Bolt.) Fr. (Mycena) 385 
 atrobrunnea (Lasch) Fr. (Psilocybe) 
 
 362 
 atrocaeruleus (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 
 
 450 
 
 atrocaeruleus Fr. (Pleurotus) 450 
 atrocinereum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 226 
 
 atrocrocea W. G. Sm. (Lepiota) 77 
 atrocyanea (Batsch) Fr. (Mycena) 386 
 atromarginata Fr. (Mycena) 375 
 
 alromarginata Fr. (Mycena) 375 
 atromarginatum W. G. Sm. (Stereum) 
 
 665 
 atropuncta (Pers.) Fr. (Eccilia) 428, 
 
 436 
 atropuncta (Pers.) Quel. (Omphalia) 
 
 428, 436 
 
 atropurpurea (Krombh.) Maire (Rus- 
 sula) 469 
 
 atropurpureum Vitt. (Lycoperdon) 33 
 atrorufa (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 366 
 atrosquamosum Chev. (Tricholoma) 
 
 223 
 atrotomentosus (Batsch) Fr. (Paxillus) 
 
 552 
 
 atrovirens Fr. (Corticium) 677 
 atrovirens (Kalchbr.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 144 
 
 atrovirens Rea (Mycena) 376 
 atrovirens Fr. (Tremella) 732 
 atrovirens (Pers.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 227 
 
 augusta Fr. (Psaliota) 82 
 augusta Fr. (Psaliota) 83, 86, 88 
 aurantia (Schaeff.) Fr. (Armillaria) 
 
 106, 107, 217 
 
 aurantiaca (Wulf.) Studer (Clitocybe) 
 
 273, 542 
 aurantiaca (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Peniophora) 694 
 aurantiaca (Sow.) Karst. (Phlebia) 624, 
 
 625 
 
 aurantiaca (Stropharia) 128 
 aurantiaca Cke. (Stropharia) 128 
 aurantiacum Bres. (Corticium) 694 
 aurantiacum (A. & S.) Fr. (Hydnum) 
 
 634 
 aurantiacum (Bull.) W. G. Sm. (Sclero- 
 
 derma) 49 
 
 aurantiacus BuU. (Boletus) 572 
 aurantiacus (Wulf.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 
 
 273, 542 
 aurantiacus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Lactarius) 
 
 488 
 
 aurantiacus Klotzsch (Merulius) 620 
 aurantiomarginata Fr. (Mycena) 374 
 aurantiporus Howse (Boletus) 561 
 aurantium Pers. (Scleroderma) 49 
 aurantium (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 107, 217 
 
 aurata Quel. (Collybia) 337, 524 
 aurata (With.) Fr. (Russula) 475 
 auratus (Quel.) Rea (Marasmius) 337, 
 
 524 
 
 aurea (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clavaria) 710 
 aurea (Batt.) Fr. (Daedalea) 619 
 aurea (Fr.) Quel. (Odontia) 638, 646 
 aurea Massee (Omphalia) 425 
 aurea (Mattusch) Fr. (Pholiota) 75, 
 
 111
 
 INDEX 
 
 759 
 
 aureola (Kalchbr.) Quel. (Amanita) 
 
 101 
 
 aureum FT. (Hydnum) 638, 646 
 aureus (Arrh.) FT. (Hygrophorus) 295 
 aureus Fr. (Merulius) 623 
 auricoma (Batsch) Fr. (Inocybe) 198 
 auricula Fr. (Lentinus) 540 
 auricula-Judae (Linn.) Schroet. (Auri- 
 
 cularia) 727 
 auricula-Judae (Linn.) Berk (Hirneola) 
 
 727 
 
 Auricularia (Bull.) 17, 727 
 Auriculariaceae 17, 726 
 AURICULARIALES xi, 1, 16, 725 
 ATTBICTTLAKIINEAE 16, 17, 726 
 Auriculariopsis R. Maire 15, 697 
 auriscalpium (Linn.) Fr. (Hydnum) 
 
 635 
 
 aurivella (Batsch) Fr. (Pholiota) 117 
 aurora Berk. (Corticium) 679 
 aurorea (Larb.) Fr. (Collybia) 331 
 australe (Fr.) Pat. (Ganoderma) 598 
 australiensis Cke. & Massee (Lysurus) 
 
 22 
 
 australis Fr. (Polyporus) 598 
 autochthona (B. & Br.) Quel. (Naucoria) 
 
 440 
 autochthona (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. 
 
 (Tubaria) 440 
 avellana (Fr.) Cke. (Hymenochaete) 
 
 668 
 
 avellanum Fr. (Stereum) 668 
 avenacea (Fr.) Schroet. (Mycena) 374 
 Azaleae Peck (Exobasidium) 725 
 azonites (Bull.) Quel. (Lactarius) 492 
 azurea Bres. (Russula) 461 
 azure us Fr. (Cortinarius) 161 
 azyma Fr. (Flammula) 320 
 
 Babingtonii Blox. (Nolanea) 402 
 Badhami B. & Br. (Lepiota) 68 
 badia Lucand (CoUybia) 327 
 badipes (Fr.) Rick. (Galera) 354 
 badipes Fr. (Naucoria) 354 
 badipus Fr. (Omphalia) 431 
 badius Fr. (Boletus) 560 
 balanina Berk. (Mycena) 375 
 balanina Berk. (Mycena) 375 
 balaustinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 186 
 balteatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 134 
 balteatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 136 
 bambusinus (Zoll.) Rea (Cynophallus) 
 
 23 
 
 bambusinus Zoll. (Mutinus) 23 
 barba-Jovis (Hydnum) 646 
 barba-Jovis Pat. (Odontia) 651 
 barba-Jovis (With.) Fr. (Odontia) 646 
 Barlae Cke. (Russula) 471 
 Barlae Quel. (Russula) 476 
 BASIDIOMYCETAE ix, xi, 1, 21 
 
 basidium ix, xi 
 
 bathypora (Rostk.) Massee (Poria) 608 
 
 bothy porus Rostk. (Polyporus) 608 
 
 Batschianum Fr. (Entoloma) 245 
 
 Battarrae Fr. (Stropharia) 130 
 
 Battarrea Pers. 5, 53 
 
 betta (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 291 
 
 betta (Pers.) QueL (CoUybia) 291 
 
 bella (Pers.) B. & Br. (Laccaria) 291 
 
 Belliae Johnst. (Omphalia) 434 
 
 benzoinus (Wahlenb.) Fr. (Polyporus) 
 
 585 
 
 Berkeley! Massee (Coniophora) 627 
 Berkeley i Cke. (Cortinarius) 138 
 Berkeleyi Massee (Cyphella) 701 
 Berkeleyi Massee (Geaster) 41 
 Berkeleyi Maire (Leptonia) 345 
 Berkeleyi Massee (Mycena) 382 
 Berkeleyi Massee (Nidularia) 45 
 Bernardii Quel. (Psaliota) 83 
 beryllus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 59 
 betulina (Linn.) Fr. (Lenzites) 612 
 betulinus (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 584 
 bibula Quel. (Omphalia) 306, 431 
 bibulosa Massee (CoUybia) 331 
 bicolor Cke. (Cortinarius) 186 
 bicolor Cke. (Cortinarius) 185 
 bicolor (A. & S.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 647 
 bicolor Karst. (Hygrophorus) 298, 299 
 bicolor (A. & S.) Bres. (Odontia) 638, 
 
 647 
 
 bicolor (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 665 
 biennis (Boletus) 617 
 biennis (Bull.) Quel. (Daedalea) 582, 
 
 617 
 biennis (Fr.) Big. & GuiU. (Phylacteria) 
 
 653 
 
 biennis Fr. (Thelephora) 654 
 bifida (BuU.) Schroet. (Russula) 463 
 biformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 177 
 bifrons (Berk.) Big. & GuiUem. (Hy- 
 
 pholoma) 269 
 
 bifrons Berk. (Psathyra) 269, 416 
 biloba Massee (Volvaria) 96 
 biornata B. & Br. (Lepiota) 69 
 bisporiger Buller (Coprinus) 515 
 bisporus Lange (Coprinus) 515 
 bivelus Fr. (Cortinarius) 169 
 Bizzozeriana Sacc. (Clavaria) 709 
 blandum Berk. (Tricholoma) 241 
 blattaria Fr. (PhoUota) 113 
 blennius Fr. (Lactarius) 482 
 blepharistoma B. & Br. (Poria) 607 
 Bloxamii B. & PhiU. (Cyphella) 699 
 Bloxamii Berk. (Entoloma) 245 
 Bloxamii Berk. (Entoloma) 246 
 bolaris (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 159 
 Bolbitius FT. 8, 496 
 Boletaceae 9, 548 
 BOLETINEAE 5, 9, 548
 
 760 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Boletinus Kalchbr. 10, 556 
 
 Boletus (Dill.) Pat. 9, 10, 653, 554, 
 
 555, 557 
 
 Boltoni Fr. (Bolbitius) 497 
 Boltonii (Pers.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 497 
 Boltonii Massee (Coprinus) 503 
 Boltonii Fr. (Corticium) 668 
 Boltonii (Fr.)Cke. (Hymenochaete) 668 
 bombycina Fr. (Poria) 604, 617 
 bombycina (Fr.) Quel. (Trametes) 604, 
 
 617 
 
 bombycina Schaeff. (Volvaria) 94 
 bombycina (Schaeff.) Fr. (Volvaria) 94 
 bombycinum (Sommerf.) Bres. (Cor- 
 ticium) 674 
 
 Bongardii (Weinm.) Fr. (Inocybe) 198 
 Bongardii (Weinm.) Massee (Inocybe) 
 
 203 
 
 boreale Fr. (Tricholoma) 233 
 boreale Fr. (Tricholoma) 236 
 borealis (Wahlb.) Quel. (Daedalea) 
 
 590, 617 
 
 borealis (Burt.) P. Henn. (Lysurus) 22 
 borealis Fr. (Polyporus) 590, 617 
 botryoides (Schwein.) Burt. (Hypoch- 
 
 nus) 656 
 
 botryosum Bres. (Corticium) 678 
 botrytes Fr. (Radulum) 641, 681 
 botrytis (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 709 
 Boucheanus(Klotzsch) Fr. (Polyporus) 
 
 579 
 
 Bourdotia Bres. 18, 738 
 Bourdotii Bres. (Coniophora) 627 
 bovinus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 561 
 bovinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 175 
 Bo vista (Dill.) Morgan 4, 38 
 Bovista (Linn.) Fr. (Lycoperdon) 30 
 Bovista Fr. (Scleroderma) 49 
 Bo vistella Morgan 4, 37 
 brachyporus (W. G. Sm.) Rea (Gyro- 
 don) 657 
 
 Bresadolae Schulz. (Coprinus) 510 
 Bresadolae Bourd. (Corticium) 674 
 Bresadolae Quel. (Hydnum) 647 
 brevipes (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 241 
 Brinkmannii (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Grandinia) 644 
 
 Broadwoodiae B. & Br. (Lepiota) 76 
 Broomei Cotton & Wakef. (Clavaria) 
 
 711 
 
 Broomei Berk. (Marasmius) 530 
 Broomei Massee (Nidularia) 45 
 Broomeianus (Berk.) Tul. (Melano- 
 
 gaster) 48 
 
 Brownii B. & Br. (Cantharellus) 543 
 Brownii B. & Br. (Cantharellus) 356 
 brumale Pers. (Tulostoma) 52 
 brumalis Fr. (Clitocybe) 287 
 brumalis (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 576 
 brunnea PhilL (Cyphella) 699 
 
 brunnea Quel. (Inocybe) 201 
 brunneofulvus Fr. (Cortinarius) 176 
 brunneola Fr. (Pholiota) 113 
 brunneus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 175 
 brunneus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 175, 
 
 176 
 
 Bryantii Berk. (Geaster) 40 
 bryorum (Pers.) Fr. (Galera) 411 
 buccinalis (Sow.) Cke. (Omphalia) 430 
 Buchananii (Berk.) W. G. Sm. 
 
 (Psaliota) 84 
 
 Bucknalli Massee (Inocybe) 213 
 Bucknallii( Massee) Rea (Astrosporina) 
 
 213 
 
 BucJcnallii Massee (Inocybe) 213 
 Bucknallii B. & Br. (Lepiota) 78 
 bufonium (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 229 
 bulbigenum B. & Br. (Entoloma) 248 
 bulbigera (A. & S.) Fr. (Armillaria) 105 
 bulbillosus Pat. (Coprinus) 509 
 bulbosa Barla (Armillaria) 109 
 bulbosus (Bull.) Big. & Guill. (Boletus) 
 
 566 
 
 bulbosus (Sow.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 169 
 bullacea (Bull.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 365 
 Bulliardii (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 158 
 Bulliardii Fr. (Trametes) 614 
 Bullii Berk. (Pluteus) 56 
 bullula (Brig.) Cke. (Omphalia) 434 
 butyracea (Bull.) Fr. ( Colly bia) 331 
 byssisedus (Pers.) Fr. (Claudopus) 453 
 byssoidea (Pers.) Bres. (Coniophorella) 
 
 629, 690 
 byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & 
 
 Litsch. (Peniophora) 629, 683, 690 
 byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 
 (Peniophora) 682 
 byssoideum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 683, 
 
 caelatum (Bull.) Fr. (Lycoperdon) 30 
 caelatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 232 
 caerulea Rea (Mycena) 391 
 caerulea Cke. (Russula) 477 
 caerulescens Fr. (Cortinarius) 140 
 caerulescens Fr. (Cortinarius) 140 
 caerulescens Cke. (Psilocybe) 367 
 caerulescens Fr. (Russula) 459 
 caeruleum (Schrad.) Fr. (Corticium) 
 
 673 
 
 caesariata Fr. (Inocybe) 199 
 caesariatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 235 
 caesia (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (Penio- 
 phora), 683, 695 
 
 caesia (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 656 
 caesiocyaneus Britz. (Cortinarius) 140 
 caesium (Corticium) 656 
 caesium Bres. (Corticium) 695 
 caesius (Pers.) Wakef. (Hypochnus) 
 656
 
 INDEX 
 
 761 
 
 -caesius (Schrad.) Fr. (Polyporus) 589 
 caespitosa Bolt. (Omphalia) 426 
 caespitosa (Bolt.) Cke. (Omphalia) 427 
 caespitosum Cke. (Hypholoma) 264 
 caespitosum Bres. (Tricholoma) 238 
 caespitosus Massee (Gyrodon) 557 
 calamistrata Fr. (Inocybe) 206 
 calcea (Pers.) Bres. (Sebacina) 737 
 calcea Fr. (Thelephora) 688 
 caleeolum(Sterb.)Fr. (Tricholoma) 238 
 calceolus (Bull.) Quel. (Polyporus) 577 
 calceum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 737 
 caldarii Berk. (Collybia) 343 
 Caldesiella Sacc. 13, 651 
 caligata (Viv.) Fr. (Armillaria) 106 
 caligatus Viv. (Agaricus) 106 
 caliginosa W. G. Sm. (Nyctalis) 541 
 caliginosus (Jungh.) Fr. (Panaeolus) 
 
 371 
 
 callisteus Fr. (Cortinarius) 158 
 callosa Fr. (Poria) 601 
 callosa Fr. (Psilocybe) 367 
 Calocera Fr. 19, 744 
 CALOCEBACEAE 19, 740 
 CALOCERALES xi, 2, 19, 740 
 calochrous (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 140 
 calolepis Fr. (Crepidotus) 455 
 calopus (Pers.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 530 
 calopus Fr. (Boletus) 570 
 calopus (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 530 
 calopus Fr. (Mycena) 384 
 calospora (Quel.) Rea (Astrosporina) 
 
 calospora Quel. (Inocybe) 211 
 CALOSTOMATACEAE 3, 5, 51 
 calva (A. & S.) Fr. (Mucronella) 630 
 calyptraeformis Berk. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 camarophyllus (A. & S.) Fr. (Hygro- 
 phorus) 233, 298 
 
 camerina (Fr.) Rick. (Galera) 354 
 camerina Fr. (Naucoria) 354 
 ampanella (Batsch) Fr. (Omphalia) 
 
 431 
 
 campanulata Massee (Galera) 408 
 oampanulatus (Linn.) Fr. (Panaeolus) 
 
 371 
 
 campestris (Linn.) Fr. (Psaliota) 87 
 campestris (Linn.) Fr. (Psaliota) 84, 85, 
 
 88 
 
 camphoratus Fr. (Cortinarius) 156 
 <jamphoratus (Bull.) Fr. (Lactarius) 
 
 495. 
 
 camptophylla Berk. (Omphalia) 432 
 camurus Fr. (Cortinarius) 161 
 canaliculata Fr. (Clavaria) 719 
 cancellatus (Tourn.) Fr. (Clathrus) 21 
 cancrina (Fr.) Quel. (Eccilia) 311 
 cancrinus Fr. (Clitopilus) 311 
 candicans Fr. (Boletus) 568 
 
 candicans (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 276 
 Candida Fr. (Mycena) 398 
 Candida Sacc. (Omphalia) 433 
 Candida (Hoffm.) Fr. (Solenia) 702 
 Candida Pers. (Thelephora) 701 
 candidum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 32 
 candidus (Ehrenb.) Fr. (Irpex) 611 
 candidus (Bolt.) Fr. (Marasmius) 528 
 Candolleanum Fr. (Hypholoma) 266 
 caninus Fr. (Cortinarius) 162 
 caninus (Huds.) Fr. (Cynophallus) 23 
 canobrunnea( Batsch) Quel. (Psathyra) 
 
 367, 413 
 canobrunnea (Batsch) Fr. (Psilocybe) 
 
 367, 413 
 
 canofaciens Cke. (Psilocybe) 363 
 Cantharellaceae 9, 540 
 CANTHARELLINEAE 5, 9, 540 
 Cantharellus Adans. 9, 541, 547 
 caperata (Pers.) Fr. (Pholiota) 111 
 caperatus (Pers.) Karst. (Rozites) 111 
 capillaris (Schum.) Fr. (Mycena) 400 
 capillitium x 
 
 capistrata Cke. (Pholiota) 116 
 capniocephalum (Bull.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 
 
 259 
 
 capnoides Fr. (Hypholoma) 261 
 caprinus (Scop.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 298 
 
 capsicum Schulz. (Lactarius) 485 
 capsuliferum (Lycoperdon) 50 
 capucina Fr. (Inocybe) 194 
 capula (Holmsk.) Fr. (Cyphella) 699 
 capula Holmsk. (Peziza) 699 
 caput-Medusae (Bull.) Fr. (Hydnum) 
 
 636 
 
 caput-Medusae (Fr.) Rick. (Hypho- 
 loma) 130 
 
 caput-Medusae Fr. (Stropharia) 130 
 carbonaria Fr. (Flammula) 317 
 carbonaria Fr. (Flammula) 316 
 carbonarius (A. & S.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 
 
 543 
 carbonarius (A. & S.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 
 
 536 
 
 carcharias (Pers.) Fr. (Lepiota) 76 
 cariosa Fr. (Amanita) 103 
 Carlylei Massee (Corticium) 681, 683 
 Carmichaelianus (Grev.) Berk. (Meru- 
 
 lius) 622 
 Carmichaelianus Grev. (Polyporus) 
 
 622 
 
 carnea Rea (Mycena) 377 
 carneoalba (With.) Quel. (Eccilia) 311 
 carneoalbus (With.) FT. (Clitopilus) 
 
 311 
 
 carneogrisea B. & Br. (Eccilia) 435 
 carneolum Fr. (Tricholoma) 231, 232 
 carneosanguinea Rea (Mycena) 373 
 carneum Wallr. (Hydnangium) 29
 
 762 
 
 INDEX 
 
 carneum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 231, 
 
 232 
 
 carneus Nees (Femes) 596 
 carneus Fr. (Irpex) 612 
 carnicolor Bres. (Russula) 477 
 carnicolor Bres. (Russula) 477 
 carnosa Massee (Flammula) 320 
 carnosus Rostk. (Boletus) 568 
 carotaecolor B. & Br. (Hydnangium) 
 
 28 
 carpathicus (Kalchbr.) Cost. & Dufour 
 
 (Marasmius) 519 
 
 carpophila (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 360 
 carpophila Fr. (Naucoria) 360 
 carpta (Scop.) Fr. (Inocybe) 200 
 cartilaginea (BulL) Bres. (Clitocybe) 
 
 226, 278 
 
 cartilagineum Fr. (Tricholoma) 226 
 caryophyttea Schaeff. (HelveUa) 652 
 caryophyllea (Schaeff.) Pat. (Phylac- 
 
 teria) 652 
 caryophyllea (Schaeff.) Fr. (Thelephora) 
 
 652 
 
 cascum Fr. (Hypholoma) 266 
 castanea Quel. (Lepiota) 72 
 castaneum Pers. (Hydnum) 651 
 castaneu* (Bull.) FT. (Boletus) 554 
 castaneus (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 185 
 castaneus Fr. (Fomes) 596 
 castaneus (Bull.) Quel. (Gyroporus)554 
 castaneus (Bull.) Quel. (Gyroporus) 554 
 castoreus Fr. (Lentinus) 540 
 catarium Fr. (Hypholoma) 267 
 catervata Massee (Psilocybe) 369 
 catilla W. G. Sm. (CypheUa) 701 
 catinus Fr. (Clitocybe) 284 
 caudata Fr. (Psathyrella) 373, 421 
 caudatus (Fr.) Quel. (Panaeolus) 373, 
 
 421 
 
 caulicinalis (Bull.) Rea (Crinipellis) 534 
 caulicinalis (BuU.) Quel. (Marasmius) 
 
 534 
 
 causetta Barla (Annillaria) 106 
 causticus Fr. (Cortinarius) 146 
 cauticinalis (With.) Fr. (Marasmius) 
 
 529 
 cavipes (Opatowski) Klotzsch (Bole- 
 
 tinus) 556 
 centrifugum (L&v.) Bres. (Corticium) 
 
 676 
 
 centunculus Fr. (Naucoria) 350 
 centurio Kalchbr. (Tricholoma) 219 
 centurio Kalchbr. (Tricholoma) 227 
 cepa (Vaill.) Pers. (Scleroderma) 50 
 cepaeforme (Bull.) Lloyd (Lycoperdon) 
 
 37 
 
 cepaestipes (Sow.) Fr. (Lepiota) 74 
 cepaestipes (Sow.) Pat. (Leucocoprinus) 
 
 74 
 ceraceus( Wulf.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 304 
 
 ceranoides (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Clavaria) 
 
 715 
 
 cerasinus Berk. (Hygrophorus) 296 
 cerasinus Berk. (Hygrophorus) 297 
 ceratopus (Pers.) Quel. (Marasmius) 529 
 cerebetta Pers. (Coniophora) 626 
 cerebrinus B. & Br. (Polyporus) 591 
 cerinum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 230 
 cernua (Schum.) Massee (CypheUa) 699 
 cernua Schum. (Peziza) 699 
 cernua (Fl. Dan.) Quel. (Psathyra) 368, 
 
 413 
 cernua (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 368, 
 
 413 
 
 cerodes Fr. (Naucoria) 352 
 cerussata Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 
 cerussata Fr. (Clitocybe) 276 
 cervicolor (Pers.) Quel. (Inocybe) 198 
 cervinum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Sclero- 
 derma) 49 
 
 cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pluteus) 56 
 cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pluteus) 57 
 ChaiUetii (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 666 
 chalybea (Pers.) Fr. (Leptonia) 345 
 chamaeleontina Fr. (Russula) 472 
 chelidonia Fr. (Mycena) 380 
 chimonophilus B. & Br. (Crepidotus) 
 
 456 
 
 chionea (Pers.) Quel. (Clavaria) 708 
 chioneus (Pers.) Quel. (Calathinus) 452 
 chioneus (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 452 
 chioneus Fr. (Polyporus) 591 
 Chitonla Fr. 6, 97 
 
 chlamydosporium Burt (Corticium) 674 
 chlorantha Fr. (Mycena) 379 
 chloroides Krombh. (Russula) 458 
 chloroides (Krombh.) Bres. (Russula) 
 
 458, 487 
 
 chlorophanus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 308 
 chloropolia Fr. (Leptonia) 347 
 chloropolia (Fr.) Quel. (Leptonia) 346 
 Chlorospora Massee 62 
 chondroderma B. & Br. (Psilocybe) 
 
 364 
 Chrysanthemi Plowr. (Peniophora) 
 
 677, 697 
 
 chrysenteron (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 562 
 chrysites (Jungh.) Gillet (Tricholoma) 
 
 224 
 
 chrysocoma (Peziza) 741 
 chrysocomus (Bull.) Tul. (Dacryo- 
 
 myces) 741 
 
 chrysodon Fr. (Hygropliorus) 291 
 chrysoleuca (Pers.) Fr. (Omphalia) 429 
 chrysophaeus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pluteus) 
 
 61 
 chrysophylla (Fr.) Quel. (Flammula) 
 
 324, 424 
 
 chrysophylla Fr. (Omphalia) 324, 424 
 chrysorheus Fr. (Lactarius) 485
 
 INDEX 
 
 763 
 
 chrysorheus FT. (Lactarius) 489 
 cibarius Fr. (Cantharellus) 542 
 cidaris Fr. (Naucoria) 349 
 cilicioides Fr. (Lactarius) 479 
 cimicarius (Batsch) Cke. (Lactarius) 
 
 495 
 cimicarius (Batsch) Quel. (Lactarius) 
 
 495 
 
 cincinnata Fr. (Inocybe) 203 
 cincta Berk. (Poria) 600 
 cinctulus (Bolt.) Cke. (Panaeolus) 372 
 cinctum (Fuck.) Rea (Glischroderma) 
 
 54 
 
 cinerascens( Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 285 
 cinerascens (Batsch) W. G. Sm. 
 
 (Clitocybe) 285 
 
 cinerascens Karst. (Hypochnus) 656 
 cinerascens (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 238, 278 
 
 cinerea (Bull.) Fr. (Clavaria) 705 
 cinerea (Bull.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713 
 cinerea Fr. (Daedalea) 613, 619 
 cinerea (Fr.) Quel. (Lenzites) 613, 619 
 cinerea Massee & Crossl. (Mycena) 388 
 cinerea (Fr.) Cke. (Peniophora) 683, 696 
 cinerella Karst. (Mycena) 387 
 cinereorimosum Batsch (Tricholoma) 
 
 227 
 
 cinereum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 696 
 cinereum (Bull.) Fr. (Hydnum) 633 
 cinereus (Pers.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 544 
 cinereus (Schaeff.) Cke. (Coprinus) 504 
 cinereus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 299 
 cinnabarina (A. & S.) Fr. (Lepiota) 76 
 cinnabarina (Jacq.) Fr. (Trametes) 616 
 cinnabarinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 164 
 cinnabarinus (Jacq.) Quel. (Phellinus) 
 
 616 
 cinnamomea (Pers.) Bres. (Hymeno- 
 
 chaete) 670 
 cinnamomeum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 
 
 670 
 cinnamomeus (Linn.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 165 
 cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc. (Polyporus), 
 
 575 
 cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc. (Poly- 
 
 stictus) 575 
 
 circellatus Fr. (Lactarius) 483 
 circinata (Fr.) Quel. (Clitocybe) 444 
 circinatus Fr. (Pleurotus) 444 
 circumtectum Cke. (Tricholoma) 234 
 cirrhata (Schum.) Fr. (CoUybia) 334 
 cirrhata (Schum.) Quel. (CoJlybia) 338, 
 
 528 
 
 cirrhatum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 637 
 citri (Inzenga) Fr. (ArmUlaria) 110 
 citrina (Gonn. & Rabenh.) Rea (Am- 
 
 anita) 100 
 citrina (Schaeff.) Quel. (Amanita) 99 
 
 citrina Quel. (Omphalia) 429 
 citrina Gillet (Russula) 462 
 citrina (Russula) 477 
 citrinella (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 397 
 citrinum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 683, 
 
 685 
 
 citrinus Rea (Hygrophorus) 304 
 citrinus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 26 
 citrophylla B. & Br. (Lepiota) 72 
 civile Fr. (Tricholoma) 236 
 Cladoderrls Pers. 14, 670 
 clamp connections ix 
 claricolor Fr. (Cortinarius) 133 
 Clarkeinda 0. Kuntz 6, 97 
 Clarkii (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. (Hygro- 
 phorus) 295, 301 
 Clarkii B. & Br. (Inocybe) 196 
 claroflava (Grove) Cke. (Russula) 466 
 Clathraceae 2, 3, 21 
 Clathrus (Micheli) Pers. 3, 21 
 Claudopus W. G. Sm. 8, 453 
 Clavaria (Vaill.) Fr. 16, 17, 705, 728 
 Clavariaceae 16, 704 
 CLAVARHNEAE 10, 16, 704 
 clavata (Pers.) Berk. (Tremella) 732 
 clavatum (Pers.) Pat. (Neurophyllum) 
 
 548 
 
 clavatus Krombh. (Cantharellus) 548 
 clavatus (Batt.) Quel. (Coprinus) 500 
 clavatus (Pers.) Fr. (Craterellus) 548 
 claviceps Fr. (Hebeloma) 255 
 clavicularis Fr. (Mycena) 397 
 clavipes (Pers.) FT." (Clitocybe) 269 
 clavularis (Fr.) Big. & Guill. (Phylac- 
 
 teria) 652 
 
 clavularis Fr. (Thelephora) 652 
 clavus (Linn.) Fr. (CoUybia) 338 
 clavus (Schaeff.) Quel. (CoUybia) 521 
 clavus (Linn.) Rea (Mycena) 338, 378 
 Clitocybe Fr. 7, 269 
 clitopila Cke. & Sm. (Flammula) 314 
 Clitopilus Fr. 7, 309 
 clivalis Fr. (Hygrophorus) 301 
 clivensis B. &*Br. (Psilocybe) 369 
 Clusii Bataille (Russula) 469 
 Clusii Fr. (Russula) 469 
 clusUis Fr. (CoUybia) 342 
 clypeatum (Linn.) Fr. (Entoloma) 249 
 clypeolaria Auct. plur. (Lepiota) 69, 70 
 clypeolaria (Bull.) Fr. (Lepiota) 69 
 clypeolarioides Rea (Lepiota) 69 
 clypeum Fr. (Entoloma) 249 
 cnista Fr. (Tricholoma) 238 
 coccinea (Scop.) Sacc. (Mycena) 393 
 coccinea (Sow.) Quel. (Mycena) 378 
 coccineus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 304 
 
 coccineus Massee (Pluteus) 61 
 cochleatus (Pers.) Fr. (Lentinus) 539 
 codoniceps Cke. (Mycena) 400
 
 764 
 
 INDEX 
 
 coelestina Fr. (Nolanea) 405 
 cognatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 240 
 cohaerens (A. & S.) Cke. (Marasmius) 
 
 382, 529 
 cohaerens (A. & S.) Fr. (Mycena) 382, 
 
 529 
 Colemannianus Blox. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 303 
 
 COLBOSPORHNEAE xi, 16, 726 
 
 coliforme (Dicks.) Pers. (Geastrum) 39 
 coliforme Dicks. (Lycoperdon) 39 
 coliforme (Dicks.) Cda. (Myriostoma) 
 
 39 
 
 coUabefacta B. & Br. (Poria) 607 
 collariata Fr. (Mycena) 392 
 collina (Scop.) Fr. (Collybia) 334 
 collinitus Fr. (Boletus) 559 
 cottinitus Sow. (Cortinarius) 150 
 collinitus (Sow.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 
 Collybia Fr. 7, 326 
 colossa (Fr.) Boud. (Armillaria) 107, 
 
 217 
 
 colossum FT. (Tricholoma) 107, 217 
 columbetta Fr. (Tricholoma) 221 
 columbetta Fr. (Tricholoma) 216 
 columbinus Bres. (Pleurotus) 446 
 columbinus Quel. (Pleurotus) 445, 446 
 columbinus (Quel.) Cke. (Pleurotus) 
 
 446 
 
 columella x 
 
 colus FT. (Cortinarius) 186 
 colymbadinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 166 
 comatus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Coprinus) 499 
 comedens (Nees) Fr. (Corticium) 641, 
 
 681, 683 
 
 comedens (Nees) Fr. (Corticium) 681 
 comedens (Nees) R. Maire(Vuilleminia) 
 
 681 
 
 comitialis (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 270 
 commixta Bres. (Inocybe) 209 
 commune Fr. (Schizophyllum) 452 
 comosa Fr. (Pholiota) 116 
 compacta Tul. (Octaviania) 28 
 compactum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 634 
 compactum Fr. (Tricholoma) 225 
 compta Fr. (Psilocybe) 366 
 comptulus B. & Br. (Agaricus) 366 
 comtula Fr. (Psaliota) 90 
 concava (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 286 
 concavus Fr. (Lactarius) 494 
 conchatum Fr. (Stereum) 665 
 conchatus (Pers.) Fr. (Fomes) 594 
 conchatus (Bull.) Fr. (Panus) 535 
 conchyliata Allen (Clavaria) 709 
 condensata Fr. (Clavaria) 712 
 conferta (Bolt.) Fr. (Galera) 409 
 confine Bourd. & Galz. (Corticium) 681 
 confluens (Pers.) Fr. (Collybia) 334, 522 
 confluens Fr. (Corticium) 679 
 confluens Fr. (Corticium) 640 
 
 confluens Schwein. (Merulius) 620 
 confluens Fr. (Nidularia) 46 
 confluens (Pers.) Fr. (Sistotrema) 591 
 conformata Karst. (Inocybe) 202 
 confragosa (Bolt.) Fr. (Daedalea) 618 
 confragosa Fr. (Pholiota) 122 
 confragosus Bolt. (Boletus) 618 
 confusum B. & Br. (Porothelium) 645, 
 
 703 
 
 conglobata (Vitt.) Bres. (Clitocybe) 279 
 conglobata (Vitt.) Bres. (Clitocybe) 233, 
 
 279 
 
 congregatus (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 508 
 cornea (Pico.) Quel. (Volvaria) 96 
 conicus (Scop.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 307 
 conigena Fr. (Collybia) 521 
 conigena (Pers.) Bres. (Collybia) 334, 
 
 521 
 conigenus (Pers.) Karst. (Marasmius) 
 
 334, 337, 521 
 
 Conlophora (DC.) Pers. 12, 15, 626 
 Conlophorella Karst. 12, 15, 628 
 conissans Fr. (Flammula) 319 
 connata (Schum.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 279 
 connatus Fr. (Fomes) 596 
 connatus Karst. (Hygrophorus) 302 
 conocephalus Bull. (Bolbitius) 499 
 conopilea Fr. (Psathyra) 413 
 conopilea Fr. (Psathyra) 413 
 consimilis Cke. (Mycena) 389 
 consobrina Fr. (Russula) 465 
 consobrina Fr. (Russula) 465 
 conspersa (Pers.) Fr. (Naucoria) 359 
 conspersa (Pers.) Fr. (Naucoria) 439 
 conspersa Bres. (Odontia) 693 
 constricta Fr. (Armillaria) 73, 107 
 constricta (Fr.) Quel. (Lepiota) 73, 107 
 contigua (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 606 
 contiguus Fr. (Lentinus) 538 
 contorta (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718 
 contorta (Bull.) Gill. & Lucand (Col- 
 lybia) 329 
 
 contorta Fr. (Phlebia) 625 
 contorta Fr. (Phlebia) 624 
 controversus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 
 
 480 
 
 Cookei Massee (Coniophora) 626 
 Cookei Quel. (Cortinarius) 181 
 Cookei Rich. (Entoloma) 247, 443 
 Cookei Massee (Gomphidius) 325 
 Cookei Bres. (Inocybe) 205 
 Cookei Massee (Lycoperdon) 36 
 Cookei Fr. (Pholiota) 112 
 Cookei Sacc. (Psilocybe) 361 
 Coprinus (Pers.) Fr. 8, 499 
 coprophila (Bull.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 365 
 coprophilum Wakef. (Corticium) 676 
 coracina Fr. (Collybia) 339 
 corallinum B. & Br. (Radulum) 641 
 coralloides (Linn.) Fr. (Clavaria) 705
 
 INDEX 
 
 765 
 
 coralloides (Scop.) FT. (Hydnum) 636 
 cordisporus Gibbs (Coprinus) 511 
 corium (Pers.) Fr. (Merulius) 620 
 corium Pers. (Thelephora) 620 
 cornea (Batsch) Fr. (Calocera) 745 
 comiculata(Schaeff.) FT. (Clavaria) 708 
 cornucopiae (Paul.) Quel. (Pleurotus) 
 
 444 
 comucopioides (Linn.) Fr. (Craterellus) 
 
 546 
 
 coronatus (Schaeff. ) Lloyd (Geaster) 44 
 coroniferum von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 
 (Corticium) 686 
 
 coronilla (Bull.) Fr. (Stropharia) 127 
 coronilla (Bull.) Fr. (Stropharia) 127 
 corrosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 142 
 corrugata (Fr.) Lev. (Hymenochaete) 
 
 669 
 
 corrugatum Fr. (Corticium) 669 
 corrugis (Pers.) Fr. (Psathyra) 414 
 corrugis (Pers.) Fr. (Psathyra) 418 
 corticalis Fr. (Calocera) 745 
 corticatus Fr. (Pleurotus) 441 
 corticatus FT. (Pleurotus) 442 
 Corticium (Pers.) 14, 18, 672 
 corticola (Schum.) Fr. (Mycena) 400 
 corticola Fr. (Poria) 606 
 Cortinarius Fr. 7, 132 
 coruscans Fr. (Cortinarius) 147 
 corydalina Quel. (Inocybe) 196 
 coryphaeum Fr. (Tricholoma) 215 
 cossus (Sow.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 292 
 costata (Viv.) Fr. (Psaliota) 87 
 costatum Fr. (Entoloma) 251 
 cothurnata Fr. (Stropharia) 132 
 cothurnatus Godey (Coprinus) 505 
 cotonea Quel. (Stropharia) 130, 264 
 cotoneus Fr. (Cortinarius) 166 
 craspedius Fr. (Pleurotus) 443 
 crassa Britzl. (Clavaria) 707 
 crassa (Lev.) B. & Br. (Hymenochaete) 
 
 670 
 
 crassa Lev. (Thelephora) 670 
 crassifolia(Berk.) Bres. (Collybia) 227, 
 
 328 
 crassifolium Berk. (Tricholoma) 227, 
 
 328 
 
 crassum (Fr.) Rick. (Hebeloma) 134 
 crassus Massee (Boletus) 566 
 crassus Fr. (Cortinarius) 134 
 crassus Fr. (Paxillus) 552 
 Craterellus Fr. 9, 546 
 cremea Bres. (Peniophora) 691 
 cremeum Bres. (Corticium) 691 
 cremor Fr. (Lactarius) 489 
 crenata (Lasch) Fr. (Psathyrella) 422 
 crenata (Lasch) Fr. (Psathyrella) 516 
 crenatus (Lasch) Rick. (Coprinus) 422 
 crenatus Massee (Lactarius) 496 
 Crepidotus Fr. 8, 454 
 
 cretacea (Bull.) Fr. (Lepiota) 74 
 cretacea Quel. (Pratella) 85 
 cretacea Fr. (Psaliota) 72, 85, 86 
 cretatus B. & Br. (Clitopilus) 311 
 crinale Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 651 
 crinalis (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Caldesi- 
 
 ella) 638, 651 
 
 crinalis (Fr.) Bres. (Odontia) 651 
 Crinipellis Pat. 8, 534 
 crispa (Pers.) Rea (Plicatura) 622, 626 
 crispa (Wulf.) Fr. (Sparassis) 660 
 crispa (Pers.) Fr. (Trogia) 626 
 crispula Fr. (Clavaria) 714 
 crispus (Sow.) Fr. (Craterellus) 546 
 crispus (Pers.) Quel. (Merulius) 622, 
 
 626 
 
 crispus (Pers.) Quel. (Polyporus) 588 
 cristata (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 705 
 cristata (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 705 
 cristata (Pers.) Pat. (Cristella) 683, 686 
 cristata (A. & S.) Fr. (Lepiota) 71 
 cristata (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 737 
 cristatus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 581 
 Cristella Pat. 15, 686 
 cristulata Fr. (Odontia) 649 
 cristulatum Quel. (Stereum) 663 
 crobulus (Fr.) Quel. (Naucoria) 440 
 crobulus Fr. (Tubaria) 440 
 crocata (Schrad.) Fr. (Mycena) 395 
 crocea (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713 
 croceocaeruleus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortin- 
 arius) 147 
 
 croceoconus Fr. (Cortinarius) 165 
 croceoferruginea Massee (Hymeno- 
 chaete) 670 
 croceofulvus (DC.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 173 
 croceotingens (Wakef.) Bres. (Gloeo- 
 
 cystidium) 686, 738 
 croceum (Kunze) Bres. (Corticium) 
 
 676 
 croceum Kunze & Schmidt (Sporo- 
 
 trichum) 676 
 
 croceus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 165 
 crocolitus Quel. (Cortinarius) 135 
 Crosslandii Cotton (Clavaria) 720 
 Crosslandii Massee (Peniophora) 693, 
 
 697 
 
 cruciatum (Lycoperdon) 32 
 Crucibulum Tul. 4, 46 
 cruenta Fr. (Mycena) 394 
 cruentata Cke. & Sm. (Pholiota) 121 
 cruentua Vent. (Boletus) 563 
 Crustacea (Schum.) Fr. (Thelephora) 
 
 657 
 crustaceus (Schum.) Karst. (Hypoch- 
 
 nus) 657 
 
 crustosa (Pera.) Fr. (Grandinia) 645, 649 
 crustosa (Pers.) Quel. (Odontia) 645, 
 649
 
 766 
 
 INDEX 
 
 crustuliniforme (Bull.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 
 
 257 
 cryptarum (Letell.) B. & Br. (Clitocybe) 
 
 280 
 
 cryptarum (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585 
 cryptarum (Letell.) W. G. Sm. 
 
 (Psaliota) 85 
 crystallina Bourd. (Heterochaetella) 
 
 738 
 crystallina von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 
 (Peniophora) 693 
 crystallinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 146 
 Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. (Naucoria) 350, 
 
 404,405 
 
 culmigena Mont. & Fr. (Pistillaria) 723 
 cumatilis Fr. (Cortinarius) 145 
 cuneifolium Fr. (Tricholoma) 226 
 cuprea Cke. (Russula) 473 
 cupularis (BuU.) Quel. (Lactarius) 437, 
 
 490 
 
 cupularis (Bull.) Fr. (Tubaria) 437 
 cupulatus Fr. (Cantharellus) 545 
 Curreyi (B. & Br.) Rea (Androsaceus) 
 
 532 
 
 Curreyi B. & Br. (Cyphella) 698 
 Curreyi Berk. (Inocybe) 206, 207 
 Curreyi B. & Br. (Marasmius) 532 
 curta Fr. (Clavaria) 709 
 curtipes Fr. (Clitocybe) 271 
 curtus Kalchbr. (Coprinus) 516 
 curtus Fr. (Cortinarius) 176 
 curvipes Fr. (Pholiota) 120 
 cuspidata Fr. (Nolanea) 403 
 cuticularis (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585 
 cuticulosa (Dicks.) Berk. (Cyphella) 
 
 700 
 
 cuticulosa Dicks. (Peziza) 700 
 cutifracta Cke. (Russula) 471 
 cyanescens (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 553 
 cyanescens (Bull.) Quel. (Gyroporus) 
 
 553 
 
 cyaneus Wakef. (Hypochnus) 656 
 cyanites Fr. (Cortinarius) 155 
 cyanophaea Fr. (Clitocybe) 272 
 cyanopus (Seer.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 135 
 cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 
 
 462 
 
 cyanulus (Lasch) Fr. (Leptonia) 344 
 cyathiforme (SchaefiE.) Fr. (Hydnum) 
 
 634 
 cyathiformis (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 
 
 285 
 
 cyathula Fr. (Lactartus) 490 
 Cyathus Haller 5, 46 
 cyclas Cke. & Phill. (Cyphella) 699 
 CynophalluS (Fr.) Cda. 3, 23 
 Cyphella Fr. 15, 698 
 Cyphellaceae 11, 15, 697 
 cyphellaeformis (Berk.) Cost. & Dufour 
 
 (Dictyolus) 451, 547 
 
 cyphellaeformis Berk. (Pleurotus) 451, 
 
 547 
 
 cystidia ix 
 cystidioles 14 
 Cytidia Quel. 15, 697 
 cytisinus (Berk.) Massee (Fomes) 595 
 cytisinus Berk. (Polyporus) 595 
 
 Dacryomitra Tul. 19, 743 
 Dacryomyces Nees 19, 740 
 Dacryopsis Massee 743 
 Daedalea (Pers.) Fr. 12, 617 
 damascenus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 183 
 
 dealbata (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 276 
 debilis Fr. (Mycena) 392 
 decastes Fr. (Clitocybe) 277 
 decastes (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 277 
 decipiens (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 191 
 decipiens W. G. Sm. (Flammula) 314 
 decolorans (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 147 
 decolorans Fr. (Russula) 470 
 decoloratus Fr. (Cortinarius) 146 
 Deconica W. G. Sm. 364 
 decora Fr. (Clitocybe) 219 
 decorum (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 219, 
 
 443 
 
 decorus Tul. (Hymenogaster) 26 
 decor us Fr. (Pleurotus) 219, 443 
 decumbens (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 160 
 decurrens (Boud.) Rea (Leptonia) 347 
 decussata Fr. (Flammula) 316 
 decussata Fr. (Flammula) 316 
 deformis Fr. (Irpex) 612 
 degener Fr. (Xerotus) 536 
 degener Fr. (Xerotus) 543 
 deglubens Fr. (Inocybe) 198 
 deglubens B. & Br. (Radulum) 641, 739 
 delecta Karst. (Inocybe) 199 
 delibutus Fr. (Cortinarius) 151 
 delica Auct. plur. (Russula) 458 
 delica Fr. (Russula) 457 
 delicata ( Fr. ) Boud. ( Armillaria) 81,107 
 delicata Fr. (Lepiota) 81, 107 
 deliciosus (Linn.) Fr. (Lactarius) 487 
 deliquescens (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 508 
 deliquescens (Bull.) Duby (Dacryo- 
 myces) 741 
 
 deliquescens (Tremella) 741 
 demissa Fr. (Omphalia) 428 
 denigrata Fr. (Armillaria) 110 
 densifolia (Seer.) Gill. (Russula) 459 
 dentata With. (Nidularia) 46 
 dentatus (With.) W. G. Sm. (Sphaero- 
 
 bolus) 46, 54 
 denticulata (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Acia) 638, 642 
 
 denticulata (Bolt.) Quel. (Mycena) 373 
 denticulatum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 
 638, 642
 
 INDEX 
 
 767 
 
 depallens Cke. (Russula) 469 
 depallens (Cke.) Maire (Russula) 469 
 depilata (Pers.) Fr. (Stropharia) 125 
 depluens (Batsch) W. G. Sm. (Claudo- 
 
 pus) 453 
 
 depressum Bon. (Lycoperdon) 32 
 depressus Fr. (Cortinarius) 193 
 Dermocybe Fr. 160 
 descissa Fr. (Inocybe) 197 
 Desmazieres (Lycoperdon) 36 
 destricta Fr. (Inocybe) 206 
 destructor (Schrad.) Fr. (Polyporus) 
 
 589 
 
 destruens (Brond.) Fr. (Pholiota) 116 
 destruens (Brond.) Fr. (Pholiota) 117 
 detonsus Fr. (Cortinarius) 192 
 detritica Bourd. (Peniophora) 689 
 detrusa Fr. (Omphalia) 423 
 devexus Fr. (Cantharellus) 545 
 diabolicus Fr. (Cortinarius) 161 
 diatreta Fr. (Clitocybe) 288 
 dibaphus Fr. (Cortinarius) 141 
 dichroum (Pers.) FT. (Entoloma) 249 
 Dictyolus Quel. 9, 547 
 dictyorhizus (DC.) Quel. (Calathinus) 
 
 449 
 
 dictyorhizus (DC.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 449 
 diSormis (Schum.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 
 diffractum Fr. (Hebeloma) 260 
 digitalis (Batsch) Fr. (Coprinus) 508 
 dilatata Fr. (Mycena) 398 
 dilectus Fr. (Coprinus) 509 
 dilutus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 184 
 dimidiatus (Schaeff.) Sacc. (Pleurotus) 
 
 442 
 
 directa B. & Br. (Omphalia) 433 
 directa B. & Br. (Omphalia) 433 
 disciforme (DC.) Fr. (Stereum) 666, 671 
 disciformis (DC.) Pat. (Aleurodiscus) 
 
 666, 671 
 discoideus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 295 
 
 discopus Lev. (Mycena) 399 
 discopus Lev. (Mycena) 400 
 discoxanthus (Fr.) Rea (Hygrophorus) 
 
 292 
 
 dispersa B. & Br. (Naucoria) 359 
 dispersum Fr. (Hypholoma) 263 
 disseminata (Pers.) Fr. (Psathyrella) 
 
 422, 517 
 disseminatus (Pers.) Quel. (Coprinus) 
 
 422, 517 
 
 dissiliens Fr. (Mycena) 386 
 dissimulans B. & Br. (Pholiota) 121 
 dissipabilis Britzl. (Clavaria) 715 
 distans Berk. (Hygrophorus) 301 
 distorta Fr. (Collybia) 331 
 Ditiola FT. 19, 742 
 ditopus Fr. (Clitocybe) 288 
 diversidens Fr. (Hydnum) 637 
 
 dochmiospora B. & Br. (Cyphella) 700 
 dolabratus Fr. (Cortinarius) 189 
 domesticus (Pers.) Fr. (Coprinus) 513 
 Dorotheae Berk. (Collybia) 342 
 drimeia Cke. (Russula) 467 
 dryadeus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 584 
 dryinus (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 442 
 dryinus (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 441 
 dryophila (Bull.) Fr. (Collybia) 337, 
 
 524, 525 
 dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. (Marasmius) 
 
 337, 381, 524 
 
 dulcamara (A. & S.) Fr. (Inocybe) 203 
 dulcidula Schulz. (Psaliota) 91 
 Dunalii (DC.) Fr. (Lentinus) 537 
 Dunalii (DC.) Quel. (Lentinus) 537 
 Duportii PhiU. (Russula) 476 
 Duportii (Phill.) Massee (Russula) 476 
 dura (Bolt.) Fr. (Pholiota) 114 
 duracinum Cke. (Tricholoma) 239 
 duracinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 183 
 duriuscula Rea (Astrosporina) 208 
 duriuscula Rea (Inocybe) 208 
 duriusculus Schulz. (Boletus) 572 
 
 eburneus Quel. (Coprinus) 517 
 eburneus (Bull. ) FT. (Hygrophorus) 292 
 ecbola Fr. (Tubaria) 440 
 Ecchyna Fr. 17, 729 
 Ecchynaceae 17, 729 
 ECCHYNINEAE xi, 16, 17, 729 
 Eccilia Fr. 8, 435 
 
 echinata (Roth.) Cke. (Inocybe) 206 
 echinata (Roth.) Boud. (Lepiota) 77 
 echinata (Roth.) Fr. (Psaliota) 91 
 echinatum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 32 
 echinocephala Vitt. (Amanita) 102 
 echinospora W. G. Sm. (Naucoria) 350 
 echinosporum Ellis (Corticium) 657, 
 
 682 
 
 echinosporus Buller (Coprinus) 504 
 echinosporus (Ellis) Burt (Hvpochnus) 
 
 657, 682 
 
 ectypa Fr. (Clitocybe) 289 
 ectypa (Fr.) Quel. (Collybia) 289 
 edulis (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 566 
 effugiens Quel. (Naucoria) 361, 456 
 effusa Schroet. (Platygloea) 726 
 egenulum B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 268 
 egregium Massee (Hypholoma) 265 
 egregius Massee (Panaeolus) 370 
 Eichleriella Bres. 14, 18, 738 
 elaeodes Fr. (Hypholoma) 262 
 elata Massee (Psathyra) 413 
 elatior Fr. (Cortinarius) 150 
 elatum (Batsch) Fr. (Hebeloma) 257 
 datum Quel. (Hebeloma) 258 
 electica Bucknall (Mycena) 399 
 dectrina Phill. & Plowr. (Peziza) 741 
 degans Sow. (Auricularia) 665
 
 768 
 
 INDEX 
 
 elegans (Schum.) Fr. (Boletus) 558 
 elegans Massee (Cortinarius) 152 
 elegans Massee (Hebeloma) 253 
 elegans (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 374 
 elegans (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 577 
 elegans Bres. (Russula) 461 
 elegantior Fr. (Cortinarius) 143 
 elephantina Fr. (Russula) 458 
 elixa (Sow.) Berk. (Clitocybe) 278 
 elongata Berk. (Psaliota) 88 
 elongata (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 363 
 Elvensis B. & Br. (Psaliota) 83 
 Elvensis B. & Br. (Psaliota) 82 
 elytroides (Scop.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 229 
 embola Fr. (Tubaria) 439 
 emetica (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 468 
 Emilii Riel (Amanita) 101 
 emollitus Fr. (Cortinarius) 145 
 emplastrum Cke. & Massee (Lepiota) 
 
 68 
 empyreumatica B. & Br. (Psathyrella) 
 
 421 
 
 encephcda (Willd.)Fr. (Naematelia) 732 
 encephala (Willd.) Quel. (Tremella) 
 
 732 
 
 endoperidium x 
 Entoloma Fr. 7, 243 
 Eocronartlum Atkinson 17, 728 
 ephebius Fr. (Pluteus) 58 
 ephemeroides (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 
 
 509 
 
 ephemerus Bull. (Agaricus) 511 
 ephemeras (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 515 
 epibryus Fr. (Crepidotus) 456 
 epichloe (Fr.) Rea (Androsaceus) 533 
 epichloe Fr. (Marasmius) 533 
 epichysium (Pers.) Fr. (Omphalia) 426 
 epigaea B. & Br. (Sebacina) 731 
 epigaea B. & Br. (Tremella) 731 
 epigaeus (Pers.) B. & Br. (Crepidotus) 
 
 455 
 
 epileata W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 85 
 epileucum B. & Br. (Radulum) 641 
 epileucus Fr. (Polyporus) 589 
 epimyces (Peck) Atk. (Stropharia) 63 
 epiphylla Fr. (Calocera) 745 
 epiphylloides Rea (Androsaceus) 534 
 epiphyllus (Fr.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 
 
 533 
 
 epiphyttus Fr. (Marasmius) 533, 534 
 epipterygia (Scop.) Fr. (Mycena) 396 
 epipterygioides Pears. (Mycena) 396 
 Eplthele Pat. 14, 671 
 epixanthum Fr. (Hypholoma) 262 
 epixantkus Rostk. (Polyporus) 590 
 equestre (Linn.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 215 
 erebia Fr. (Pholiota) 112 
 erebia Fr. (Pholiota) 110 
 erecta Rea (Phlebia) 625 
 erecta (Bres.) (Polyporus) 579 
 
 ericaea (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 362 
 ericaea (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 362 
 ericetorum Pers. (Clavaria) 716 
 ericetorum (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 285 
 ericeus (Bull.) Schroet. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 300 
 
 erinacea Fr. (Naucoria) 121, 359 
 erinacea (Fr.) Quel. (Pholiota) 121, 359 
 erinaceus (Bull.) Fr. (Hydnum) 636 
 eriocephala Rea (Collybia) 327 
 erminea Fr. (Lepiota) 73 
 erophilum (Fr. (Entoloma) 244 
 erubescens Fr. (Hygrophorus) 293 
 erythrinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 190 
 erythrocephalus (Lev.) Fr. (Coprinus) 
 
 508 
 
 erythropus (Pers.) Quel. (Boletus) 571 
 erythropus (Pers.) Quel. (Collybia) 337, 
 
 521 
 
 erythropus (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 521 
 erythropus (Phacoriza) 721 
 erythropus (Fr.) Peltereau (Russula) 
 
 471 
 
 erythropus (Bolt.) Fr. (Typhula) 721 
 escharoides Fr. (Naucoria) 360 
 esculenta (Wulf.) Fr. (Collybia) 334 r 
 
 521 
 esculentus (Wulf.) Karst. (Marasmius) 
 
 334, 521 
 
 euchlora (Lasch) Fr. (Leptonia) 346 
 euchroa (Pers.) Fr. (Leptonia) 345 
 EU-HOMOBASIDHNEAE xi, 1, 2, 
 
 21 
 
 Euonymi (Kalchbr.) Cke. (Fomes) 594 
 euosmus (Berk.) Cke. (Pleurotus) 445 
 eupora Karst. (Poria) 600 
 Eusebacina Rea 737 
 eustygia Cke. (Collybia) 339 
 eutheles B. & Br. (Inocybe) 195 
 evectum Grove (Tricholoma) 241 
 evernius Fr. (Cortinarius) 172 
 evolvens Fr. (Corticium) 673, 682 
 exannulata Cke. (Psaliota) 88 
 excelsa Fr. (Amanita) 102 
 excentricus Fr. (Paxillus) 551 
 excipuliforme Desmaz. (Lycoperdon) 
 
 36 
 
 excipuliforme (Scop.) Pers. (Lyco- 
 perdon) 31 
 
 excisa, Lasch (Mycena) 382 
 excisa (Lasch) Gillet (Mycena) 382 
 excoriata (Schaeff.) Fr. (Lepiota) 66 
 Exidia Fr. 18, 734 
 exilis Fr. (Nolanea) 405 
 eximius Saund. & Sm. (Pluteus) 57 
 Exobasidiaceae 16, 725 
 EXOBASIDIALES 1, 16, 725 
 EXOBASIDIINEAE xi, 1, 16, 725 
 Exobasidium Woronin 16, 725 
 exoperidium x
 
 INDEX 
 
 769 
 
 expallens (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 285 
 expallens Boud. (Hygrophorus) 296 
 expallens Fr. (Mycena) 379 
 expallens Gill. (Russula) 467 
 expolita Fr. (Psathyrella) 422 
 exscissum Fr. (Tricholoma) 241 
 exscissum Fr. (Tricholoma) 241 
 exsculpta Fr. (Collybia) 338, 525 
 exsculptus (Fr.) Rea (Marasmius) 338, 
 
 525 
 
 exserta (Viv.) Rea (Psaliota) 88 
 exsuccus (Otto) Fr. (Lactarius) 458, 487 
 extenuatus Fr. (Paxillus) 549 
 extinctorius (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 503 
 extuberans (Batt.) Fr. (Collybia) 337 
 exumbonatus Boud. (Lactarius) 490 
 Eyrei Wakef. (Bourdotia) 686, 738 
 Eyrei (Massee) Rea (Glaucospora) 56, 
 
 62 
 
 Eyrei Bres. (Poria) 602 
 Eyrei Massee (Schulzeria) 56, 62 
 Eyrei Wakef. (Sebacina) 686 
 
 fagetorum (Fr.) Gillet (Mycena) 382 
 Fagi (B. & Br.) Cke. (Paxillus) 553 
 faginea (B. & Br.) Fr. (Ecchyna) 729 
 faginea B. & Br. (Pilacre) 729 
 faginea (Schrad.) Karst. (Plicatura) 626 
 fagineum (Pers.) Fr. (Radulum) 640, 
 
 641 
 
 fallax Quel. (Cortinarius) 178 
 fattax Schaeff. (Russula) 468 
 fallax (Schaeff.) Massee (Russula) 468 
 fallax Peck (Tricholoma) 231 
 falsarius Fr. (Cortinarius) 182 
 farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. & GaLz. 
 
 (Grandinia) 638, 643 
 farinacea Rea (Hydnopsis) 650 
 farinaceum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 
 
 643 
 
 farinaceus (Schum.) Rea (Panus) 536 
 farinaceus Fr. (Panus) 535, 536 
 farinella Fr. (Poria) 607 
 Farrahii Massee & Crossland (Ento- 
 
 loma) 246 
 
 farrea (Lasch) Fr. (Mycena) 379 
 fasciata (Cke. & Massee) Rea (Astro- 
 
 sporina) 210 
 
 fasciata Cke. & Massee (Inocybe) 210 
 fasciatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 194 
 fasciculare (Huds.) Fr. (Hypholoma) 
 
 262, 290 
 fascicularis (Huds.) Quel. (Flammu- 
 
 loides) 262 
 
 faeciculata Pers. (Solenia) 702 
 fastibile Fr. (Hebeloma) 253 
 fastidiosa (Pers.) FT. (Thelephora) 686 
 fastidiosum (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Corticium) 683, 686 
 fastigiata (Linn.) Fr. (Clavaria) 708 
 
 fastigiata (Schaeff.) Fr. (Inocybe) 206, 
 
 207 
 
 fatua Fr. (Psathyra) 268, 416 
 fatuum (Fr.) Quel. (Hypholoma) 268, 
 
 416 
 favosum (Rostk.) Bonord. (Lycoperdon) 
 
 30 
 
 felina (Pers.) Fr. (Lepiota) 71 
 fellea Fr. (Russula) 466 
 felleus (Bull.) FT. (Boletus) 554 
 felleus (Bull.) Karst. (Tylopilus) 554 
 Femsjonia FT. 19, 743 
 ferruginea (Auricularia) 667 
 fermginea (Schum.) Fr. (Daedalea) 619 
 ferrugineum Auct. pi. (Hydnum) 651 
 ferrugineum Fr. (Hydnum) 634 
 ferrugineus (Pers.) Fr. (Hypochnus) 
 
 ferruginosa Sacc. (Caldesiella) 651 
 ferruginosa (Schrad.) Fr. (Poria) 594, 
 
 606 
 
 ferruginosum Fr. (Hydnum) 638 
 ferruginosus (Schrad.) Massee (Fomes) 
 
 594, 606 
 
 ferruginosus Fr. (Polyporus) 594, 602 
 fertile Berk. (Entoloma) 247 
 festiva Fr. (Naucoria) 348 
 fibrillosa FT. (Inocybe) 199 
 fibrillosa (Pers.) Fr. (Psathyra) 268, 
 
 417 
 fibrillosum (Pers.) Quel. (Hypholoma) 
 
 268, 417 
 
 fibrosa (Sow.) Rea (Astrosporina) 208 
 fibrosa (Sow.) Fr. (Inocybe). 208 
 fibula (Bull.) Fr. (Omphalia) 433 
 fibula Fr. (Polystictus) 609 
 ficoides (Bull.) Schroet. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 filamentosa (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pholiota) 
 
 117 
 flamentosum W. G. Sm. (Corticium) 
 
 682 
 
 filaris Fr. (Pholiota) 113 
 filia FT. (Flammula) 317 
 filicea Cke. (Flammula) 324 
 filiformis (Clavaria) 721 
 filiformis B. & Br. (Coprinus) 517 
 filiformis (Phacorhiza) 721 
 filiformis (Bull.) Fr. (Typhula) 721 
 Slopes (Bull.) Fr. (Mycena) 390 
 fimbriata (Bolt.) Quel. (Clitocybe) 443 
 fimbriata (Pers.) FT. (Odontia) 639 
 fimbriata (Pers.) Fr. (Tremella) 730 
 fimbriatum (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Mycoleptodon) 639 
 fimbriatum (Pers.) Fr. (Porothelium) 
 
 703 
 
 fimbriatus Fr. (Geaster) 42 
 fimbriatus Currey (Lentinus) 540 
 fimbriatus (Bolt.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 443 
 
 49
 
 770 
 
 INDEX 
 
 fimetarius (Linn.) Fr. (Coprinus) 503, 
 
 504 
 
 fimicola Fr. (Panaeolus) 372 
 fimiputris (Bull.) Karst. (Anellaria) 92 
 fimiputris (Bull.) FT. (Panaeolus) 92 
 fingibilis Britz. (Russula) 463 
 fmitimus Weinm. (Cortinarius) 157 
 firma Fr. (Inocybe) 195 
 firmum Fr. (Hebeloma) 254 
 firmus Fr. (Cortinarius) 182 
 Fistulina (Bull.) Fr. 12, 629 
 Fistulinaceae 10, 12, 629 
 fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr (Clavaria) 718 
 fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718 
 flabelliformis (Bolt.) Fr. (Lentinus) 
 
 540 
 flabelliformis (Schaeff.) Quel. (Panus) 
 
 535 
 
 flabellum Fr. (Cortinarius) 178 
 flaccida Fr. (Clavaria) 712 
 flaccida (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 283 
 flaccida (Bull.) Fr. (Lenzites) 612 
 flammaw (Scop.). Schroet. (Hygro- 
 
 phorus) 305 
 
 flammans Fr. (Pholiota) 120 
 flammea (Schaeff.) Quel. (Calocera) 744 
 Flammula Fr. 7, 313 
 flava (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clavaria) 710 
 flava Cke. (Omphalia) 429 
 flaveolum Massee (Corticium) 682 
 flavescens (Bon.) Massee (Corticium) 
 
 678 
 
 flavescens Cke. (Cortinarius) 139 
 (C5 
 
 flavescens Bon. (Hypochnus) 678 
 flavescens Quel. (Lycoperdon) 31 
 flavescens Gillet (Psaliota) 86 
 flavida (Schaeff.) Fr. (Flammula) 319 
 flavida Cke. (Russula) 473 
 flavidus (Bolt.) Massee (Bolbitius) 497 
 flavidus Fr. (Boletus) 559 
 flavidus Boud. (Lactarius) 484 
 flavidus Boud. (Lactarius) 483 
 flavipes Quel. (Mycena) 378 
 flavoalba Fr. (Mycena) 380 
 flavobrunneum Fr. (Tricholoma) 217 
 flavovirens Berk. & Rav. (Polyporus) 
 
 578 
 
 flavus With. (Boletus) 559 
 flavus (With.) Rea (Boletus) 559 
 flexipes Fr. (Cortinarius) 178 
 flexipes Karst. (Galera) 407 
 flexuosus Fr. (Lactarius) 484 
 flexuosus Massee (Lactarius) 492 
 floccifera B. & Br. (Flammula) 314 
 floccipes Fr. (Collybia) 333 
 floccosus Karst. (Pluteus) 59 
 flocculenta (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 
 (Cytidia) 683, 697 
 flocculentum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 697 
 
 flocculosa Berk. (Inocybe) 202, 207 
 flocculosum Boud. (Hypholoma) 267 
 flocculosus (DC.) Fr. (Coprinus) 503 
 floriforme (Schaeff.) Quel. (Hydnum) 
 
 634 
 flosculinus (Bataille) Rea (Androsaceus) 
 
 flosculus W. G. Sm. (Eccilia) 436 
 flosculus Quel. (Marasmius) 530 
 flos-sulfuris Schnitz. (Agaricus) 74 
 fluens Boud. (Lactarius) 482 
 flurstedtiensis (Batsch) Sacc. (Crepi- 
 
 dotus) 455 
 
 fluxilis (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 451 
 fluxilis Fr. (Pleurotus) 451 
 focalis Fr. (Armillaria) 106 
 focalis Fr. (Armillaria) 106 
 fodiens Kalchbr. (Collybia) 330 
 foenisecii (Pers.) Quel. (Psathyra) 369, 
 
 413 
 foenisecii (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 369, 
 
 413 
 
 foetens Phill. (Hygrophorus) 300 
 foetens (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 464 
 foetidum B. & Br. (Corticium) 682 
 foetidum Pers. (Merisma) 652 
 foetidus (Sow.) Fr. (Marasmius) 526 
 foetidus (Phallus) 23 
 foliacea (Bref.) Bres. (Exidia) 736 
 foliacea (Pers.) Fr. (Tremella) 730 
 foliacea Bref. (Ulocolla) 736 
 foliicola Fuck. (Tremella) 732 
 fomentarius (Linn.) Fr. (Fomes) 592 
 Fomes Fr. 11, 592 
 formosa Fr. (Amanita) 100 
 formosa (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 710 
 formosa Fr. (Leptonia) 347 
 fornicatus (Huds.) Fr. (Geaster) 44 
 fornicatus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 301 
 fornicatus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 301 
 Forquignoni Quel. (Polyporus) 579 
 fragiformis (Pers.) Fr. (Dacryomyces) 
 
 740 
 
 fragile Fr. (Hydnum) 631 
 fragilis Seer. (Agaricus) 468 
 fragilis (Linn.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 498 
 fragilis (Clavaria) 715 
 fragilis (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 717 
 fragilis Fr. (Polyporus) 588 
 fragilis Fr. (Russula) 468 
 fragilis (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 468 
 fragrans Vitt. (Boletus) 568 
 fragrans Sow. (Clitocybe) 287 
 fragrans (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 289 
 fragrans (Peck) Rea (Polyporus) 587 
 fraxineus (Bull.) Fr. (Fomes) 595 
 fraxinicola B. & Br. (Cyphella) 704 
 fraxinicola (B. & Br.) Rea (Phaeo- 
 
 cyphella) 704 
 Friesii Quel. (Cantharellus) 542
 
 INDEX 
 
 771 
 
 Friesii Quel. (Coprinus) 514 
 Friesii (Lasch) Fr. (Lepiota) 67 
 Friesii Mont. (Porothelium) 703 
 frondosa Fr. (Tremella) 730 
 frondosus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Polyporus) 
 
 580 
 
 frumentacea (Bull.) Bres. (Inocybe) 205 
 frumentaceum (Bull.) Berk. (Entoloma) 
 
 247 
 frumentaceum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 219 
 
 frustulenta Fr. (Psathyra) 416 
 frustulosum Sacc. (Coprinus) 506 
 frustulosum (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 665 
 fucatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 216 
 fuciforme (Berk.) Wakef. (Corticium) 
 
 675 
 
 fuciformis Me Alp. (Hypochnus) 675 
 fuciformis Berk. (Isaria) 675 
 fugacissima Bourd. & Galz. (Sebacina) 
 
 737 
 
 fugax Fr. (Merulius) 624 
 fugax Fr. (Merulius) 621 
 fulgens (A. & S.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 142 
 fulgida Fr. (Pistillaria) 723 
 fuliginea Pers. (Clavaria) 713 
 fuliginea (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 707 
 fuligineo-album Schmidt (Hydnum) 
 
 631 
 
 fuligineus Fr. (Boletus) 555 
 fuligineus (Fr.) Bat. (Phaeoporus) 555 
 fuliginosa (Pers.?) Bres. (Hymeno- 
 
 chaete) 669 
 fuliginosa (Pers.) Lev. (Hymenochaete) 
 
 669 
 
 fuliginosus Fr. (Lactarius) 492 
 fuliginosus (Scop.) Quel. (Polyporus) 
 
 585 
 
 fulmineus Fr. (Cortinarius) 143 
 fulva (Schaeff.) W. G. Sm. (Amanitop- 
 
 sis) 93 
 
 fulva Rea (Astrosporina) 212 
 fulva Berk. & Rav. (Cyj 
 fulva Pat. (Inocybe) 197 
 fulvaster Viv. (Psaliota) 87 
 fulvella (Bres.) Rea (Astrosporina) 213 
 fulvella Bres. (Inocybe) 213 
 fulvella Rea (Lepiota) 70 
 fulvellum Fr. (Tricholoma) 217 
 fulvescens Fr. (Cortinarius) 189 
 fulvidus Fr. (Boletus) 554 
 fulvidus (Fr.) Pat. (Gyroporus) 554 
 fulvidus (Fr.) Pat. (Gyroporus) 554 
 fulvobrunneus Fr. (Cortinarius) 153 
 fulvostrigosa B. & Br. (Nolanea) 403 
 fulvum (DC.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 217 
 fulvus Fr. (Fomes) 593 
 fulvus (Quel.) Rea (Fomes) 594 
 fumosa (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 717 
 fumosa Fr. (Clitocybe) 238, 278 
 
 fumosa (Pers.) QueL (Collybia) 222, 
 
 278, 328 
 
 fumosa (Pers.) Quel. (Collybia) 329 
 fumosum Fr. (Corticium) 658 
 fumosus Pers. (Agaricus) 278 
 fumosus Fr. (Hypochnus) 625, 628, 
 
 658, 682 
 
 fumosus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 587 
 fumosus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 618 
 funicularis Fr. (Collybia) 337, 524 
 funicularis (Fr.) Rea (Marasmius) 337, 
 
 524 
 
 f uniculus x 
 
 furcata W. G. Sm. (Pistillaria) 723 
 furcata (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 463 
 furfuracea Pers. (Naucoria) 409 
 furfuracea (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Tubaria) 
 
 437 
 furfuracea (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Tubaria) 
 
 439 
 furfuraceum (Schaeff.) Sacc. (Lycoper- 
 
 don) 36 
 
 fusca Quel. (Russula) 475 
 fuscatus Fr. (Polystictus) 609 
 fuscescens (Schaeff.) Fr. (Coprinus) 
 
 502 
 fuscescens (Schaeff.) Quel. (Coprinus) 
 
 501 
 fuscidulus (Schrad.) Fr. (Polyporua) 
 
 577 
 
 fuscoalbus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 297 
 fuscoatra (Fr.) Pat. (Acia) 638, 642 
 fuscoatrum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 642 
 fuscocarnea (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 601 
 fuscopallens Fr. (Cortinarius) 177 
 fuscopurpurea (Lasch) Cke. (Mycena) 
 
 376 
 fuscopurpureus(Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 
 
 520 
 
 fuscopurpureus (Pers.) Quel. (Maras- 
 mius) 520 
 
 fuscoruber Quel. (Boletus) 567 
 fuscospora Curr. (Cyphella) 704 
 fuscospora (Curr. ) Rea (Phaeocyphella) 
 
 704 
 
 fuscotinctus Rea (Cortinarius) 154 
 fuscoviolaceus Fr. (Irpex) 610 
 fuscum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 654 
 fuscum Pers. (Hydnum) 651 
 fuscum (Schrad.) Quel. (Stereum) 665 
 fuscus (Pers.) Fr. (Hypochnus) 654 
 fusiformis (Agaricus) 329 
 fusiformis (Sow.) Fr. (Clavaria) 714 
 fusipes (Bull.) Berk. (Collybia) 329 
 fusipes Pers. (Hydnum) 633 
 fusus (Batsch) Fr. (Flammula) 317 
 fusus (Batsch) Fr. (Flammula) 320 
 
 gadinoides W. G. Sm. (Pleurotus) 
 
 448 
 
 492
 
 772 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Gaillardii (Gillet) Rea (Astrosporina) 
 
 211 
 
 Gaillardii GiUet (Inocybe) 211 
 galeata (Schum.) Fr. (Cyphella) 704 
 galeata (Schum.) Bres. (Phaeocyphella) 
 
 704 
 
 Galera Fr. 8, 406 
 
 galericulata (Scop.) Fr. (Mycena) 383 
 galeropsis Fr. (Mycena) 381, 525 
 gallinacea (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 277 
 galochroa Fr. (Russula) 464 
 galopus (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 395 
 Galzinii Bourd. (Corticium) 675 
 gambosum Fr. (Tricholoma) 232 
 gangraenosa Fr. (Clitocybe) 270 
 Ganoderma (Karst.) Pat. 11, 597 
 GASTBROMYCKTAE ix, x 
 GASTEROMYCETALES xi, 1, 2, 21 
 gausapatum Fr. (Stereum) 663 
 gausapatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 223 
 Geaster (Micheli) Fr. 4, 40 
 Geaster Fr. (Sclerodenna) 50 
 gelatinosa Massee (Aldridgea) 660 
 gelatinosa (Tode) Fr. (Hypocrea) 745 
 gelatinosum (Scop.) Pers. (Tremel- 
 
 lodon) 736 
 gemmata (Lev.) Bourd. & Maire 
 
 (Exidia) 735 
 
 gemmata Lev. (Tremella) 735 
 gemmatum Auct. pi. (Lycoperdon) 34 
 gentianeum Quel. (Tricholoma) 220, 
 
 221 
 
 gentilis Fr. (Cortinarius) 174 
 geophila (Bull.) Quel. (Inocybe) 196 
 geophylla (Sow.) Fr. (Inocybe) 196 
 geophylla (Sow.) Fr. (Inocybe) 197 
 Georgii (Clus.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 232 
 Georgii (L'Ecluse) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 232 
 
 Georginae W. G. Sm. (Lepiota) 81 
 geotropa (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 283 
 geotropa (Bull.) Quel. (Clitocybe) 280 
 germanus Fr. (Cortinarius) 191 
 gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. (Trametes) 614 
 Gibbsii Massee & Crossland (Coprinus) 
 
 514 
 gigantea (Sow.) Quel. (Clitocybe) 280, 
 
 549 
 gigantea (Fr.) Massee (Peniophora) 
 
 683, 693, 697 
 
 giganteum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 693 
 giganteum (Batsch) Pers. (Lycoperdon) 
 
 30 
 giganteus (Sow.) FT. (Paxillus) 280, 
 
 549 
 
 giganteus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 583 
 gigaspora Ctftton (Clavaria) 706 
 gilva Fr. (Clitocybe) 282 
 gilva Fr. (Clitocybe) 549 
 gilvescens Bres. (Poria) 600 
 
 gilvus (Agaricus) 283 
 gilvus Schwein. (Polyporus) 586 
 glabra Gillet (Armillaria) 109 
 glandicolor Fr. (Cortinarius) 176 
 glandiformis W. G. Sm. (Naucoria) 353 
 glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. (Exidia) 735 
 glandulosus (Bull.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 445 
 glareosa B. & Br. (Psathyra) 417 
 glaucescens Crossland (Lactarius) 485, 
 
 486 
 
 glaucocanum Bres. (Tricholoma) 237 
 glauconitens Fr. (Hygrophorus) 309 
 glaucophylla (Lasch) Fr. (Omphalia) 
 
 427 
 glaucopus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 139 
 
 Glaucospora Rea 6, 62 
 glaucus (Batsch) Fr. (Cantharellus) 
 
 546, 548 
 glaucus (Batsch) Quel. (Dictyolus) 
 
 546, 548 
 gleba x 
 
 glebulosa (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 688 
 glebulosa Fr. (Thelephora) 688 
 glioderma (Fr.) Quel. (Armillaria) 81, 
 
 107 
 
 glioderma Fr. (Lepiota) 81, 107 
 Glischroderma (Fuck.) Rea 5, 54 
 Glischrodermataeeae 3, 5, 53 
 globularis Fr. (Marasmius) 519, 521 
 gloeocystidia 14 
 Gloeocystidium Karst. 14, 683 
 gloiocephala DC. (Volvaria) 95 
 gloiocephala (DC.) Fr. (Volvaria) 95 
 glossoides (Pers.) Fr. (Calocera) 744 
 glossoides (Pers.) Bref. (Dacryomitra) 
 
 744 
 
 glutinifer Fr. (Hygrophorus) 294 
 glutinosum (Lindgr.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 
 
 254, 315 
 glutinosus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Gomphidius) 
 
 324 
 
 glyciosmus Fr. (Lactarius) 491 
 Godeyi GiUet (Inocybe) 198, 207, 214 
 Goldbachii Weinm. (Cyphella) 701 
 Goliath Fr. (Armillaria) 106 
 Gomphidius Fr. 7, 324 
 Gordoniensis B. & Br. (Poria) 603 
 Gordonii (B. & Br.) Big. & Guillem. 
 
 (Hypholoma) 269, 417 
 Gordonii B. & Br. (Psathyra) 269, 417 
 gossypina (Lev.) Quel. (Daedalea) 609, 
 
 6l8 
 gossypina (Bull.) Fr. (Psathyra) 268, 
 
 gossypinum (Bull.) Quel. (Hypholoma) 
 
 268, 418 
 gossypinus (Lev.) Massee (Polystictus) 
 
 609, 618 
 gracilenta (Krombh.) Fr. (Lepiota) 66
 
 INDEX 
 
 773 
 
 gracilescens Fr. (Cortinarius) 187 
 gracilis Cat. de S. et L. (Amanita) 104 
 gracilis Rea (Clavaria) 706 
 gracilis Quel. (Cortinarius) 192 
 gracilis B. & Br. (Gomphidius) 326 
 gracilis B. & Br. (Gomphidius) 325 
 gracilis (Quel.) Rea (Lepiota) 70 ' 
 gracilis Quel. (Omphalia) 434 
 gracilis B. & Br. (Psathyra) 414 
 gracilis Fr. (Psathyrella) 419 
 gracilis Berk. & Desm. (Typhula) 722 
 gracillima (Weinm.) Fr. (Omphalia) 
 
 434 
 
 gracillima White (Typhula) 722 
 grallipes Fr. (Cortinarius) 150 
 graminicola (Nees) Fr. (Nauooria) 360 
 graminicolor (Seer.) Quel. (Russula) 
 
 472 
 graminum (Lib.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 
 
 531 
 graminum (Lib.) Berk. (Marasmius) 
 
 526, 531 
 grammocephala (Bull.) Quel. (Collybia) 
 
 328 
 grammopodium (Bull.) Fr. (Tricho- 
 
 loma) 239 
 
 Grandinia (Fr.) Pat. 13, 643 
 grandis Rea (Pholiota) 118 
 grandiusculus Cke. & Massee (Bol- 
 
 bitius) 497 
 
 Grangei Eyre (Schulzeria) 56 
 granulatus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 560 
 granulosa Fr. (Grandinia) 644 
 granulosa (Pers.) Bourd. & Maire 
 
 (Grandinia) 644 
 
 granulosa (Batsch) Fr. (Lepiota) 75 
 granulosa (Cke.) Rea (Russula) 466 
 granulosus (Peck) Burt (Hypochnus) 
 
 655 
 
 graveolens (Delast.) Fr. (Hydnum) 633 
 Grevillei Fr. (Typhula) 721 
 grisea Massee (Amanita) 98 
 grisea (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713 
 grisea Fr. (Omphalia) 433 
 grisea Fr. (Omphalia) 387 
 grisea (Pers.) Bres. (Russula) 471 
 griseocyaneum Fr. (Entoloma) 248 
 griseola (Pers.) Quel. (Omphalia) 431 
 griseopallida Weinm. (Cyphella) 698 
 grise&pattida (Weinm.) Berk. (Cyphella) 
 
 701 
 griseopallida (Desm.) Fr. (Omphalia) 
 
 griseorimosum (Batach) Cke. (Tricho- 
 
 loma) 227 
 
 griseorubella (Lasch) Fr. (Eccilia) 436 
 griseus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 27 
 grossa (Pers.) Quel. (Clavaria) 707 
 Guepinia Fr. 18, 733 
 Guillemotii Boud. (Merulius) 622 
 
 gummosa (Lasch) Fr. (Flammula) 316 
 gummosa (Lasch) Fr. (Flammula) 131 
 guttata (Pers.) Quel. (Lepiota) 80 
 guttatum Schaeff. (Tricholoma) 221 
 guttatum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 220 
 
 Gymnopilus (Karst.) Maire 313 
 gymnopodia (Bull) Fr. (Flammula) 
 
 313 
 
 gymnopodius Bull. (Agaricus) 110 
 gypsea Fr. (Mycena) 381 
 gyrans (Batsch) Fr. (Typhula) 721 
 Gyrocephalus Pers. 733 
 Gyrodon Opatowski 10, 556 
 gyroflexa Fr. (Psathyra) 414 
 Gyroporus (Quel.) Pat. 9, 553 
 
 haemacta Berk. & Cke. (Inocybe) 202 
 haematites B. & Br. (Armillaria) 108 
 haematochdis (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 172 
 
 haematodes Rostk. (Polyporus) 601 
 haematopus (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 394 
 haematospenna (Bull) Boud. (Lepiota) 
 
 77, 91, 206 
 
 haematosperma (Bull.) Fr. (Psaliota) 91 
 haemorrhoidaria Kalchbr. (Psaliota) 
 
 89 
 
 hamadryas Fr. (Naucoria) 349 
 hapala Fr. (Galera) 406 
 hariolorum (DC.) Fr. (Collybia) 333, 
 
 522 
 hariolorum (DC.) Quel. (Marasmius) 
 
 333, 334, 522 
 Hartigii (Allesch.) Sacc. & Trav. 
 
 (Fomes) 593 
 
 Hartigii Allesch. (Polyporus) 593 
 haustellaris Fr. (Crepidotus) 455 
 Hebeloma Fr. 7, 252 
 hebes Fr. (Psilocybe) 368 
 Helicobasidium Pat. 17, 726, 728 
 helobia Kalchbr. (Psathyra) 418 
 helodes Fr. (Entoloma) 245 
 helomorpha Fr. (Flammula) 323 
 hdomorphus (Fr.) Quel. (Paxillus) 323 
 hdvelloides (Bull.) Quel. (Cantharellus) 
 
 545 
 
 helvelloides Fr. (Cortinarius) 174 
 helvelloides (DC.) Fr. (Guepinia) 733 
 helveola Bres. (Lepiota) 70 
 helvetica (Pers.) Fr. (Grandinia) 643 
 helvola (Schaeff.) Massee (Psilocybe) 
 
 362 
 
 helvolus Fr. (Cortinarius) 173 
 helvus Fr. (Lactarius) 490 
 hemerobius Fr. (Coprinus) 517 
 hemitrichus Fr. (Cortinarius) 179 
 Henderaonii Berk. (Coprinus) 510 
 Henriettae W. G. Sm. (CoUybia) 327 
 hepatica (Huds.) Fr. (Fistulina) 629
 
 774 
 
 INDEX 
 
 hepatica (Batsch) FT. (Omphalia) 428 
 Jtepatica (Batsch) Qu61. (Omphalia) 
 
 425 
 hepaticus (Plowr.) Boud. (Lactarius) 
 
 489 
 Herbergii (Rostk.) B. & Br. (Poly- 
 
 porus) 582 
 
 Herefordiensis Renny (Pholiota) 112 
 herpeticus FT. (Cortinarius) 145 
 HETEROBASIDIAE xi, 1, 16, 725 
 Heterochaetella Bourd. 18, 738 
 heteroclita Fr. (Pholiota) 117 
 heteroclita Fr. (Pholiota) 116 
 heteroclitus Bolt. (Boletus) 583 
 heteroclitus Sow (Boletus) 610 
 heteroclitus (Bolt.) Fr. (Polyporus) 583 
 heteromorpha Fr. (Lenzites) 63 
 heterophylla Fr. (Russula) 464 
 heterosticha Fr. (Tubaria) 438 
 hiascens (Fr.) Quel. (Coprinus) 420, 517 
 hiascens Fr. (Psathyrella) 420, 517 
 HIatula Fr. 6, 81 
 hibernica B. & Br. (Poria) 603 
 hiemale Bres. (Hebeloma) 257 
 hiemalis (Osbeck) Fr. (Mycena) 400 
 himantioides Fr. (Merulius) 623 
 hinnuleus (Sow.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 174 
 hircinus (Bolt.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 157 
 Hirneola Fr. 727 
 hirneola Fr. (Clitocybe) 271 
 hirsuta (Lasch) Fr. (Inocybe) 206 
 hirsutum (WiUd.) Fr. (Stereum) 664 
 hirsutus (Wulf.) Fr. (Polystictus) 608 
 hirtus (Seer.) Quel. (Panus) 535 
 hispida Lasch (Lepiota) 69 
 hiepida (Lasch) Fr. (Lepiota) 67 
 hispida (Bagl.) Quel. (Trametes) 614 
 hispidulus Fr. (Pluteus) 59 
 hispidus (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 584 
 hiulca (Fr.) Rea (Astrosporina) 214 
 hiulca (Fr.) Bres. (Inocybe) 214 
 hiulca (Fr.) Kalchbr. (Inocybe) 198, 
 
 207 
 
 Hobsonii Berk. (Pleurotus) 451 
 Hollii (Schmidt) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 
 
 645 
 Hollii (Schmidt) Rea (Odontia) 638, 
 
 645 
 
 Holmiensis Fr. (Polyporus) 618 
 holophaeum Fr. (Hebeloma) 256 
 holopus Rostk. (Boletus) 573 
 holosericea Fr. (Lepiota) 73 
 HOMOBAS1DIAE xi, 1, 2, 21 
 hordum Fr. (Tricholoma) 228 
 horizontalis (Bull.) Quel. (Galera) 351 
 horizontalis (Bull.) Fr. (Naucoria) 351 
 horribile Rea (Tricholoma) 225 
 hortensis (Cke.) W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 
 
 84 
 Houghtoni Berk. (Hygrophorus) 304 
 
 Houghtonii Phill. (Cantharellus) 545 
 Hoylei Berk. (Lycoperdon) 33 
 Hudsonii (Pers.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 
 
 532 
 
 Hudsonii (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 532 
 humile Pers. (Tricholoma) 241 
 humile (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 241 
 humosum Fr. (Tricholoma) 279 
 humosus Fr. (Agaricus) 279 
 hyalinus Pers. (Dacryomyces) 731, 
 
 735, 741 
 hyalinus (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Dacryomyces) 741 
 hybrida Fr. (Flammula) 321 
 hybrida (B. & Br.) Massee (Poria) 599 
 hybridus Sow. (Boletus) 599 
 Hydnaceae 10, 12, 629 
 Hydnangium Wallr. 4, 28 
 hydnoidea (Fr.) von Hoehn. (Eutypa) 
 
 hydnoidea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Peniophora) 641, 695 
 hydnoides Cke. & Massee (Peniophora) 
 
 693, 697 
 
 Hydnopsis (Schroet.) Rea 13, 650 
 Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. 12, 13, 630, 639, 
 
 641, 643, 645, 651 
 Hydrocybe Fr. 181 
 hydrogramma (Bull.) Fr. (Omphalia) 
 
 423 
 
 hydrophila Massee (Naucoria) 355 
 hydrophilum Bull. (Hypholoma) 268 
 hydrophilum (Bull.) Fr. (Hypholoma) 
 
 268, 497 
 hydrophilus (Bull.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 268, 
 
 497 
 hydrophora (Bull.) Fr. (PsathyreUa) 
 
 420, 509 
 hydrophorus (Bull.) Quel. (Coprinus) 
 
 420, 509 
 hyemale (Pers.) Vitt. (Lycoperdon) 
 
 32 
 
 hygrometricum Pers. (Geastrum) 51 
 hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan (As- 
 
 traeus) 42, 51 
 
 hygrometricus Pers. (Geaster) 42, 51 
 hygrophila Fr. (Psilocybe) 368 
 Hygrophorus Fr. 7, 291 
 hymenium ix, x 
 Hymenochaete Lev. 14, 667 
 hymenocystis B. & Br. (Poria) 604 
 Hymenogaster (Vitt.) Tul. 4, 25 
 Hymenogastraceae 2, 4, 25 
 HYMENOGASTRINEAE 2, 24 
 HYMENOMYCETAE ix 
 Hypholoma Fr. 7, 260 
 hypnophilus (Berk.) Quel. (Calathinus) 
 
 452 
 
 hypnophilus Berk. (Pleurotus) 452 
 hypnorum Brond. (CanthareUus) 542
 
 INDEX 
 
 775 
 
 hypnorum (Brond.) Rea (Clitocybe) 
 
 274, 542 
 
 hypnorum (Schrank) Fr. (Galera) 410 
 Hypochnella Schroet. 13, 15, 659 
 Hypochnus (Fr.) Karst. 13, 15, 654 
 hypogaeus Fuck. (Irpex) 611 
 hypopitys Fr. (Volvaria) 94 
 hypo the jus FT. (Hygrophorus) 296 
 hypoxanthum Phill. & Plowr. (Hypho- 
 
 loma) 264 
 
 hypsipus Fr. (Stropharia) 132 
 hysginus Fr. (Lactarius) 482 
 Hysterangiaceae 2, 4, 24 
 Hysterangium Vitt. 4, 24 
 hystrix Fr. (Inocybe) 200 
 
 ianthina Cke. (Lepiota) 79 
 ianthipes (Seer.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 191 
 ichoratus (Batsch) Fr. (Lactarius) 494 
 icterina Fr. (Nolanea) 404 
 igniarius (Linn.) Fr. (Femes) 593 
 igniarius Linn. (Polyporus) 593 
 iliopodius Fr. (Cortinarius) 179 
 illibatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 152 
 illinita Fr. (Lepiota) 80 
 illuminus Fr. (Cortinarius) 183 
 imberbis (Bull.) Quel. (Polyporus) 583 
 imbricatum (Linn.) Fr. (Hydnum) 631 
 imbricatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 222 
 imbricatus (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 582 
 imbutus Fr. (Cortinarius) 185 
 imbutus Fr. (Cortinarius) 186 
 immaculata Cke. (Collybia) 330 
 immundum Berk. (Tricholoma) 222, 
 
 328 
 
 impennis Fr. (Cortinarius) 170 
 imperialis Schulz. (Phallus) 24 
 impolitus Fr. (Boletus) 568 
 impudicus FT. (Marasmius) 524 
 impudicus (Linn.) Pers. (Phallus) 23 
 inaequalis (Muller) Fr. (Clavaria) 714, 
 
 715 
 inaequalis (Muller) Quel. (Clavaria) 
 
 715 
 
 inamoenum Fr. (Tricholoma) 230 
 inaurata (Seer.) Boud. (Amanitopsis) 
 
 93 
 
 inaurata W. G. Sm. (Flammula) 319 
 incana Quel. (Clitocybe) 288 
 incana FT. (Leptonia) 346 
 incana Fr. (Leptonia) 347 
 incanus Quel. (Polyporus) 595 
 incarnata Weinm. (Clavaria) 720 
 incarnata Bres. (Inocybe) 201 
 incarnata (Pers.) Cke. (Peniophora) 
 
 641, 683, 694 
 
 incamata (A. & S.) Fr. (Poria) 605 
 incarnata Quel. (Russula) 460 
 incarnata Quel. (Russula) 460 
 incarnata Juel (Tulasnella) 739 
 
 incarnata (Lasch) Fr. (Typhula) 721 
 incarnatum (Pers.) FT. (Corticium)683, 
 
 694 
 
 incarnatus Fr. (Polyporus) 605 
 incilis Fr. (Clitocybe) 281 
 incisus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 179 
 inclinata Fr. (Mycena) 384 
 inclinata Fr. (Mycena) 384 
 incomptum Massee (Hypholoma) 264 
 incrustans Massee (Coniophora) 627 
 incrustans (Pers.) Tul. (Sebacina) 737 
 indecorata Sommerf. (Tremella) 731 
 infida (Peck) Rea (Astrosporina) 209, 
 
 214 
 
 infidus Peck (Agaricus) 209 
 infractus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 138 
 infucatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 166 
 infula FT. (Nolanea) 405 
 infumata B. & Br. (Omphalia) 430 
 infundibuliformis (Scop.) Fr. (Can- 
 
 tharellus) 544 
 
 infundibuliformis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clito- 
 cybe) 281 
 infundibuliformis Rostk. (Polyporus) 
 
 580 
 
 infundibulis Pers. (Boletus) 577 
 infundibulum (Swartz) Fr. (Hydnum) 
 
 633 
 
 in0roto(Schum.)Fr. (Collybia) 334, 522 
 ingratus (Schum.) Quel. (Marasmius) 
 
 334, 522 
 ingratus (Weinm.) Quel. (Marasmius) 
 
 523 
 injucundus (Weinm.) FT. (Cortinarius) 
 
 176 
 
 innocua (Lasch) Fr. (Naucoria) 352 
 Inocybe Fr. 7, 194 
 inodermeum Fr. (Tricholoma) 222 
 inodora Fr. (Trametes) 615 
 inodorus Pat. (Marasmius) 526 
 inodorus (Phallus) 23 
 inolens Fr. (CoUybia) 340 
 Inoloma Fr. 153 
 inopus Fr. (Flammula) 320 
 inornata (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 270 
 inornatus (Sow.) Quel. (Paxillus) 270 
 inquilina (Fr.) Quel. (Naucoria) 440 
 inquilina (Fr.) W. G. Sm. (Tubaria) 
 
 440 
 
 insigne Massee (Tricholoma) 230 
 insignis Fr. (Cortinarius) 191 
 insignis FT. (Marasmius) 527 
 insititius (Fr.) Rea (Androsaceus) 532 
 insititius Fr. (Marasmius) 532 
 instratum Britz. (Hypholoma) 263 
 insulsus Fr. (Lactarius) 481 
 insulsus Fr. (Lactarius) 481 
 integra Linn. (Russula) 470 
 Integra (Linn.) Bataille (Russula) 470 
 integreUa (Pers.) FT. (Omphalia) 434
 
 776 
 
 INDEX 
 
 intensior Cke. (Russula) 473 
 intermedia W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 85 
 intermedia Cke. (Russula) 465 
 intermedius Pass. (Hygrophorus) 307 
 intermedius (Krombh.) B. & Br. 
 
 (Lactarius) 479 
 
 intermedius Tul. (Melanogaster) 48 
 interveniens Karst. (Tricholoma) 230 
 intumescens (Sm.) Rea (Exidia) 734 
 intumescens Sm. (Tremella) 734 
 intybacea (Pers.) Pat. (Phylacteria) 
 
 653 
 
 intybacea (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 653 
 intybaceus Fr. (Polyporus) 580 
 inuncta Fr. (Stropharia) 126 
 Invalii Cotton & Wakef. (Clavaria) 712 
 inversa (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 283 
 involutus Soppitt (Lactarius) 487 
 involutus (Batsch) Fr. (Paxillus) 551 
 involutus (Batsch) Fr. (Paxillus) 282 
 ionides (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 231 
 iosmus (Berk.) Cke. (Phallus) 24 
 irinum Fr. (Tricholoma) 236 
 irinum (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 233 
 Iris Massee (Cortinarius) 181 
 Iris Berk. (Mycena) 391 
 Iris Berk. (Mycena) 391 
 Irpex Fr. 11, 610 
 
 irregulare Karst. (Tricholoma) 218 
 irregularis Fr. (Cortinarius) 188 
 irrigatus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 303 
 irrorata Quel. (Lepiota) 80 
 irroratum Karst. (Hypholoma) 263 
 isabellinum Fr. (Corticium) 655 
 isabellinus (Batsch) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 186 
 
 isabellinus Fr. (Hypochnus) 655 
 ischnostylum Cke. (Hebeloma) 259 
 isoporum Pers. (Xylomyzon) 621 
 italica Sacc. (Caldesiella) 651 
 
 Jaapia Bres. 13, 15, 659 
 japonicum Shirai (Exobasidium) 725 
 Jasonis Cke. & Massee (Armillaria) 
 
 108 
 
 Jerdonii B. & Br. (Stropharia) 131 
 Johnstonii Berk. (Irpex) 611 
 jonquilla (Paul.) Quel. (Crepidotus) 
 
 454 
 
 jubarinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 188 
 jubatum Fr. (Entoloma) 247 
 juglandis Fr. (Pleurotus) 447 
 juncea (A. & S.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718 
 juncea Fr. (Nolanea) 403 
 juncicola Fr. (Mycena) 401 
 juncina W. G. Sm. (Flammula) 316 
 Junghuhnii Fr. (Cortinarius) 193 
 Junonia Fr. (Pholiota) 116 
 junquillea Quel. (Amanita) 93, 99 
 junquillinum Quel. (Radulum) 640 
 
 Kalchbrenneri Fr. (Polyporus) 574 
 Karstehii Sacc. & Cub. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 Keithii B. & Br. (Polyporus) 589 
 Keithii B. & Br. (Porothelium) 703 
 Keithii Phill. & Plowr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 228 
 
 Kewensis Massee (Clavaria) 709 
 Kewensis Massee (Omphalia) 432 
 Klotzschii Tul. (Hymenogaster) 25 
 Kmetii Bres. (EichlerieUa) 739 
 Kneiffla Fr. 13, 650 
 Krombholzii Fr. (Clavaria) 707 
 Krombholzii Fr. (Clavaria) 707 
 Krombholzii Fr. (Cortinarius) 189 
 Kunzei Fr. (Clavaria) 707 
 Kunzei Fr. (Clavaria) 707, 708 
 
 Laccaria B. & Br. 7, 290 
 laccata (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 290 
 laccata (Scop.) Quel. (Collybia) 290 
 laccata (Scop.) B. & Br. (Laccaria) 290 
 laccatum (Kalchbr.) Rea (Ganoderma) 
 
 597 
 
 lacera (Pers.) Fr. (Cyphella) 699 
 lacera Fr. (Inocybe) 200 
 lacerata (Lasch) Berk. (Collybia) 341 
 lacerum Fr. (Porothelium) 703 
 laciniata (Bull.) Bres. (Sebacina) 731 
 laciniata (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 653 
 lacmus (Hygrophorus) 302 
 lacmus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 302 
 lacrimabunda( Bull.) Quel. (Stropharia) 
 
 132, 265 
 lacrymabundum Fr.( Hypholoma) 130, 
 
 264 
 
 lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr. (Merulius) 622 
 lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr. (Merulius) 622 
 lacrymans (Wulf.) Quel. (Merulius) 623 
 Lactarius Fr. 8, 478 
 lactea (Quel.) Rea (Clitocybe) 273 
 lactea Quel. (Collybia) 332 
 lactea Bres. (Cyphella) 701 
 lactea Pers. (Mycena) 381 
 lactea (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 339, 381 
 lactea Pers. (Russula) 460 
 lactea (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 459 
 lactescens Berk. (Corticium) 685 
 lacteum Fr. (Corticium) 675 
 lacteus (Lev.) Quel. (Gyroporus) 553 
 lacteus Fr. (Irpex) 611 
 lacteus Fr. (Polyporus) 588 
 lactifluus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Lactarius) 
 
 493 
 lacunosum B. & Br. (Corticium) 683, 
 
 690 
 
 lacunosum (Bull.) Rea (Lycoperdon) 34 
 Laestadii Fr. & Berk. (Poria) 600 
 laeticolor B. & Br. (Merulius) 621 
 laeticolor B. & Br. (Merulius) 624
 
 INDEX 
 
 777 
 
 laetum Fr. (Radulum) 641, 695 
 laetus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 304 
 laeve (Pers.) Quel. (Corticium) 673, 
 
 682 
 laevigata (Fr.) Massee (Peniophora) 
 
 683, 696 
 
 laevigata Fr. (Poria) 606 
 laevigatum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 696 
 laevigatum (Swartz) Fr. (Hydnum) 
 
 632 
 laevigatum (Fuck.) W. G. Sm. 
 
 (Scleroderma) 49 
 laevipes Masaee (Boletus) 566 
 laevipes Maire (Leptonia) 345 
 laevis Krombh. (Agaricus) 82 
 laevis (Krombh.) Fr. (Annularia) 82 
 laevis (Fr.) Burt (Peniophora) 692 
 lageniformis Vitt. (Geaster) 43 
 lagopides Karst. (Coprinus) 511 
 lagopinus von Post (Marasmius) 527 
 lagopus Fr. (Coprinus) 510 
 lamellirugis (DC.) Quel. (Paxillus) 553 
 laminosa Fr. (Sparassis) 661 
 lampropus Fr. (Leptonia) 344 
 lanaripes Cke. (Hypholoma) 266 
 lanatum B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 267 
 lancipes Fr. (CoUybia) 329 
 languidus (Lasch)Fr. (Marasmius) 526 
 laniger Fr. (Cortinarius) 168 
 lanuginella Schroet. (Astrosporina) 
 
 209 
 
 lanuginosa (Bull.) Schroet. (Astro- 
 sporina) 210 
 
 lanuginosa (Bull.) Bres. (Inocybe) 210 
 lanuginosa Fr. (Inocybe) 207, 212 
 lappula Fr. (Leptonia) 343 
 largus Fr. (Cortinarius) 136 
 laricina (Bolt.) Fr. (Armillaria) 109 
 laricinus Berk. (Boletus) 559 
 lascivum Fr. (Tricholoma) 229 
 lateritia Fr. (Galera) 407 
 lateritia (Weinm.) (Inocybe) 197 
 lateritioroseus Karst. (Lactarius) 480 
 latissima Fr. (Daedalea) 619 
 latissima Cke. (Naucoria) 358 
 latissima (Fr.) Quel. (Trametes) 619 
 latitabundus Britz. (Hygrophorus) 295, 
 
 301 
 
 latus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 137 
 Laurocerasi B. & Br. (Pleurotus) 448 
 lavandulaceus Pears. (Hypochnus) 658 
 laxa (Fr.) Quel. (Coniophora) 626 
 laxipes (Bull.) Fr. ( Colly bia) 333 
 laxipes (Bull.) Quel. (Marasmius) 333 
 laxum Fr. (Corticium) 626 
 lazulina Fr. (Leptonia) 346 
 Leightonii Berk. (Pleurotus) 450 
 leiocephalum B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 
 
 265 
 lenta (Pers.) Fr. (Flammula) 254, 315 
 
 lenticularis (Lasch) Fr. (Amanita) 80, 
 
 105 
 lenticularis (Lasch) Cke. (Lepiota) 80, 
 
 105 
 
 Lentinus Fr. 9, 537 
 lentus Berk. (Polyporus) 576 
 Lenzites Fr. 12, 612 
 leochroma Cke. (Pholiota) 115 
 leonina Berk. & Curt. (Hymenochaete) 
 
 669 
 
 leoninus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pluteus) 61 
 leontopodius Schulz. (Lentinus) 538 
 lepida Fr. (Russula) 460 
 lepida Fr. (Russula) 460 
 lepideus Fr. (Lentinus) 537 
 lepidopus Cke. (Cortinarius) 162 
 lepidus Boud. (Hygrophorus) 306 
 Lepiota (Pers.) Fr. 6, 64 
 lepiotoides R. Maire (Psaliota) 85 
 lepista Fr. (Paxillus) 549 
 leporinus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 298 
 leprosa Bourd. & Galz. (Peniophora) 
 
 691 
 
 leptocephala (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 387 
 leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr. (Polyporus) 
 
 577 
 
 Leptonia Fr. 7, 343 
 leptopus Fr. (Paxillus) 552 
 leucocephala (Boud.) Rea (Astro- 
 sporina) 214 
 
 leucocephala Boud. (Inocybe) 214 
 leucocephalum Fr. (Tricholoma) 235 
 leucodon (A. & S.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 292 
 
 leucogala Cke. (Mycena) 395 
 leucomelas (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 578 
 leucomyosotis Cke. & Smith (CoUybia) 
 
 333 
 
 leucophaeus Nouel (Cantharellus) 545 
 leucophanes B. & Br. (Panaeolus) 370 
 leucophylla Fr. (Omphalia) 425 
 leucopus (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 190 
 leucopus (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 189 
 leucopus Cke. (Russula) 476 
 leucotephrum B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 
 
 267 
 
 leucothites (Vitt.) Fr. (Lepiota) 73 
 licinipes Fr. (Cortinarius) 169 
 licmophora Auct. (Lepiota) 74 
 lignatile Fr. (Apyrenium) 745 
 lignatilis (Pers.) Qu61. (Clitocybe) 444 
 lignatilis Fr. (Pleurotus) 444 
 lignyotus Fr. (Lactarius) 492 
 ligula (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718 
 lilacea Quel. (Russula) 462 
 lilacea Quel. (Russula) 477 
 lilaceum Quel. (Tricholoma) 238 
 lilacina (Fr.) Quel. (Clavaria) 706 
 lilacina Fr. (Inocybe) 197 
 lilacina Quel. (Lepiota) 78
 
 778 
 
 INDEX 
 
 lilacinum Quel. (Corticium) 726 
 lilacinus Berk. (Hymenogaster) 27 
 lilacinus (Lasch) Fr. (Lactarius) 493 
 liniacinus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 295 
 limbatus Fr. (Geaster) 41 
 limitata (Fr.) Cke. (Peniophora) 683, 
 
 696 
 
 limitatum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 696 
 limonicolor B. & Br. (Hydnum) 638, 
 
 647 
 limonicolor (B. & Br.) Quel. (Odontia) 
 
 638, 647 
 
 limonius Fr. (Cortinarius) 173 
 limpidus Fr. (Pleurotus) 448 
 lineata (Bull.) Fr. (Mycena) 379 
 Linnaei Fr. (Russula) 461 
 liquescens Cke. (Entoloma) 246 
 liquiritiae (Pers.) Fr. (Flammula) 322 
 lirettosa Pers. (Daedalea) 625 
 lirellosa (Pers.) B. & Br. (Phlebia)625 
 litua FT. (Omphalia) 286 
 livescens (Batsch) Qu61. (Russula) 465 
 Kvida (Pers.) Schroet. (Russula) 464 
 lividoalbus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 298 
 livido-ochraceus Berk. (Cortinarius) 
 
 150 
 lividum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 645, 
 
 680 
 
 lividum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 243 
 lividum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 243, 
 
 247 
 
 lividus Bull. (Boletus) 564 
 lividus Lamb. (Lactarius) 482 
 lividus Cke. (Paxillus) 550 
 lixivium Fr. (Tricholoma) 242 
 lobata (Auricularia) 727 
 lobata (Sommerf.) Quel. (Auricularia) 
 
 727 
 
 lobata (Sow.) Cke. (Clitocybe) 284 
 lobatus (Pers.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 546, 
 
 547 
 lobatus (Pers.) Quel. (Dictyolus) 546, 
 
 547 
 
 Locellina Gill. 6, 96 
 longicaudum Fr. (Hebeloma) 258 
 longicaudum ( Pers. ) Fr. ( Hebeloma)258 
 longipes (Bull.) Berk. (Collybia) 327 
 longipes (Bull.) Quel. (Marasmius) 327 
 longispora (Pat.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 
 (Peniophora) 690 
 longisporus Pat. (Hypochnus) 690 
 loricatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 226, 278 
 Loscosii Rabenh. (Psathyra) 413 
 Loveiana Berk. (Volvaria) 94 
 Loveiana Berk. (Volvaria) 94 
 lubrica (Pers.) Fr. (Flammula) 315 
 lucidum (Leyss.) Karst. (Ganoderma) 
 
 597 
 
 lucidus (Polyporus) 597 
 lucifera (Lasch) Fr. (Pholiota) 119 
 
 lucifuga Fr. (Inocybe) 199 
 lucorum Fr. (Cortinarius) 171 
 India Fr. (Collybia) 339, 381 
 Luffii Massee (Omphalia) 426 
 lugens (Jungh.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 258 
 lugubris Fr. (Naucoria) 348 
 Lundensis Fr. (Stropharia) 126 
 lupina Fr. (Flammula) 315 
 luridum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 220 
 
 luridus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Boletus) 571 
 luridus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 485 
 luscina Fr. (Clitocybe) 271 
 lustratus Fr. (Cortinarius) 135 
 lutea Otth. (Amanita) 99 
 lutea (Bolt.) Quel. (Lepiota) 74 
 lutea (Huds.) Fr. (Russula) 473, 478 
 luteifolia Gillet (Collybia) 338 
 luteoalba Rea (Clavaria) 715 
 luteoalba Fr. (Femsjonia) 743 
 luteoalba Fr. (Femsjonia) 742 
 luteoalba (Bolt.) Fr. (Mycena) 380 
 luteocarneum (Seer.) Quel. (Dryodon) 
 
 636 
 
 luteocitrinum Sacc. (Stereum) 664 
 luteocitrinum Rea (Tricholoma) 235 
 luteolus Lamb. (Crepidotus) 457 
 luteolus Fr. (Rhizopogon) 29 
 luteonitens (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Stropharia) 
 
 128 
 luteonitens (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Stropharia) 
 
 128 
 
 luteotacta Rea (Russula) 469 
 lutescens (Bull.) FT. (Cantharellus) 544 
 lutescens (Pers.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 
 
 544, 546 
 
 lutescens Rea (Cortinarius) 142 
 lutescens (Pers.) Fr. (Craterellus) 544, 
 
 546 
 
 lutescens Fr. (Leptonia) 347 
 lutescens Fr. (Pluteus) 60 
 lutescens Boud. (Stropharia) 127 
 lutescens Pers. (Tremella) 730 
 lutescens Pers. (Tremella) 743 
 luteus (Boletus) 558 
 luteus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 558 
 luteus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 26 
 luxurians (Batt.) Fr. (Pholiota) 116 
 Lycii (Pers.) Cke. (Corticium) 683, 695 
 Lycoperdaceae 2, 4, 30 
 LYCOPEKDINEAE, 2, 29 
 lycoperdineus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 26 
 lycoperdoides Cke. & Massee (Schulz- 
 
 eria) 55 
 
 Lycoperdon (Tournef.) Pers. 4, 30 
 Lysurus Fr. 3, 22 
 
 macilenta Fr. (Collybia) 338 
 macrocephalum Scnulz. (Tricholoma) 
 225
 
 INDEX 
 
 779 
 
 macrocephalus Berk. (Coprinus) 511 
 macropus Fr. (Cortinarius) 168 
 macrorhizum (Lasch) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 macrorhizus Pers. (Coprinus) 503 
 macrorhizus (Pers.) Rea (Coprinus) 
 
 503, 504 
 
 macrospora Britzl. (Clavaria) 707 
 macrosporus B. & Br. (Dacryomyces) 
 
 740 
 
 maculaeforme Fr. (Corticium) 683, 695 
 maculaeformis (Fr.) von Hoehn. & 
 
 Litsch. (Peniophora) 683, 695 
 maculata (A. & S.) Fr. (Collybia) 330 
 maculata Quel. (Russula) 474 
 maculatus (Scop.) Fr. (Gomphidius) 
 
 325 
 
 madidum Fr. (Entoloma) 246 
 madidum (Fr.) Quel. (Entoloma) 245 
 magnified (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Amanita) 105 
 magnifica(Fl. Dan.)Rea (Amanita) 104 
 magnimamma Fr. (Hebeloma) 260 
 majale Fr. (Entoloma) 251 
 major (Massee) Rea ( Astrosporina) 212 
 major Fr. (Clitocybe) 221, 271 
 major Fr. (Cortinarius) 148, 155 
 major Massee (Inocybe) 212 
 major Massee (Pluteus) 60 
 major Fr. (Stropharia) 129 
 majus Cke. (Tricholoma) 237 
 malachius Fr. (Cortinarius) 156 
 malicorius Fr. (Cortinarius) 166 
 mamillaris Pass. (Inocybe) 207 
 mammosa Fr. (Nolanea) 401 
 mammosa (Linn.) Fr. (Nolanea) 403 
 mammosum (Mich.) Fr. (Tulostoma) 52 
 mammosus Chev. (Geaster) 42 
 mammosus Fr. (Lactarius) 491 
 mappa (Batsch) Fr. (Amanita) 99 
 Marasmius FT. 8, 518, 530 
 margaritispora (Berk.) Rea (Astro- 
 sporina) 214 
 
 margaritispora Berk. (Inocybe) 214 
 marginalis Boud. (Boletus) 563 
 marginata Lange (Mycena) 394 
 marginata (Batsch) Fr. (Pholiota) 123 
 marginatus Quel. (Pluteus) 62 
 marginella Fr. (Mycena) 373 
 maritima (Fr.) Rea (Astrosporina) 212 
 maritima Fr. (Inocybe) 212 
 martialis Cke. & Massee (Lepiota) 79 
 mastigera B. & Br. (Psathyra) 413 
 mastoidea Fr. (Lepiota) 66 
 mastrucatus (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 
 
 450 
 
 mastrucatus Fr. (Pleurotus) 450 
 maura Fr. (Omphalia) 423 
 maxima Barla (Armillaria) 109 
 maxima (Fl. Wett.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 280 
 maxima Massee (Solenia) 702 
 
 media (Schum.) Fr. (Volvaria) 96 
 medioflava Boud. (Lepiota) 74 
 medium (Paul.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 240, 242 
 
 medulla-panis (Jacq.) (Polyporus) 599 
 medulla-panis (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 599 
 medullata Fr. (Lepiota) 79 
 megalodactylus B. & Br. (Amanita) 80, 
 
 105 
 megalodactylus B. & Br. (Lepiota) 80, 
 
 105 
 
 meisneriensis Fr. (Hygrophorus) 299 
 melaleucum Fr. (Hydnum) 633 
 melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 239, 241 
 melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 238, 239, 240, 241 
 melanodon (Seer.) Fr. (Pluteus) 60 
 Melanogaster Cda. 5, 48 
 Melanoleuca Pat. 239 
 melanopus (Swartz) FT. (Polyporus) 
 
 576 
 
 melantinum Fr. (Hypholoma) 265 
 melasperma (Bull.) Quel. (Stropharia) 
 
 127 
 
 melasperma Fr. (Stropharia) 127 
 meleagris (Sow.) Fr. (Lepiota) 68 
 melinoides Fr. (Naucoria) 352 
 melizeus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 292 
 mellea (Vahl.) Fr. (ArmiUaria) 108 
 mellea (Vahl.) Fr. (Armillaria) 313 
 mellea (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 638, 
 
 649 
 
 melleopallens Fr. (Cortinarius) 177 
 metteum B. & Br. (Hydnum) 638, 649 
 membranacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Acia) 638, 643 
 
 membranacea (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Clito- 
 cybe) 281 
 membranacea (DC.) Massee (Coirio- 
 
 phora) 627 
 
 membranacea A. & S. (Peziza) 699 
 membranaceum Bull. (Hydnum) 638 
 membranaceum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 643 
 membranaceum (Bull.) Bres. (Radulum) 
 
 640 
 
 mephitica Fr. (Collybia) 340 
 merdaria Fr. (Stropharia) 129 
 merdaria (Fr.) Rick. (Psilocybe) 129 
 merismoides FT. (Phlebia) 624 
 merismoides FT. (Phlebia) 612 
 Meruliaceae 10, 12, 620 
 merulina (Pers.) Rea (Ditiola) 743 
 merulina (Pers.) Quel. (Guepinia) 743 
 Merulius FT. 12, 620 
 mesenterica (Dicks.) Fr. (Auricularia) 
 
 727 
 
 mesenterica (Retz.) FT. (Tremella) 730 
 mesomorpha (Bull.) Fr. (Lepiota) 78 
 mesophaeum Fr. (Hebeloma) 256
 
 780 
 
 INDEX 
 
 mesotephrus B. & Br. (Hygrophorua) 
 
 297 
 
 metachroa (Fr.) Berk. (Clitocybe) 287 
 metapodius Pr. (Hygrophorus) 301 
 metata Fr. (Mycena) 388 
 metata Fr. (Mycena) 387 
 metulaespora B. & Br. (Lepiota) 69, 70 
 micaceus (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 506 
 micaceus B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 306 
 micana (Pers.) Fr. (Pistillaria) 722 
 micans (Ehrenb.) Fr. (Poria) 605 
 Michelianus W. G. Sm. (Geaster) 43 
 Michelii Rea (Clavaria) 716 
 Michelii FT. (Polyporus) 579 
 microcyclus Fr. (Cortinarius) 170 
 micropholis B. & Br. (Lepiota) 71 
 microrhiza (Lasch) Fr. (Psathyra) 419 
 microsporum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Corticium) 676 
 
 militate (Lasch) Fr. (Tricholoma) 236 
 miltinus Quel. (Cortinarius) 163 
 milvinus FT. (Cortinarius) 193 
 mimica W. G. Sm. (Collybia) 333 
 mimica Massee (Inocybe) 205, 207 
 miniatus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 305 
 miniatus (Scop.) Schroet. (Hygro- 
 phorus) 304 
 
 minima B. & Br. (Cladoderris) 671 
 minimus W. G. Sm. (Lactarius) 496 
 minor Barla (Annillaria) 109 
 minor Fr. (Armillaria) 106 
 minor Cke. (Clitocybe) 277 
 minor Berk. (Geaster) 40 
 minor Pers. (Geaster) 44 
 minor Boud. (Lactarius) 491 
 minor Falck (Merulius) 622 
 minor Fr. (Omphalia) 432 
 minor (Batt.) Fr. (Pholiota) 114 
 minor (Vaill.) Fr. (Psathyra) 415 
 minus Cke. (Hebeloma) 256, 257 
 minuta (Clavaria) 723 
 minuta Quel. (Galera) 411 
 minuta Karat. (Nolanea) 406 
 mirabilis Cke. & Quel. (Mycena) 373 
 mirabilis Fr. (Queletia) 52 
 mitis Berk. (Pleurotus) 447 
 mitis Rea (Russula) 463 
 mitissimua Fr. (Lactariua) 494 
 mixta Fr. (Flammula) 315 
 mniophila (Laach) Fr. (Galera) 411 
 modeatus B. & Br. (Hymenogaster) 27 
 molare Fr. (Radulum) 638, 640 
 molar e Fr. (Radulum) 679 
 molariforme Pers. (Sistotrema) 640 
 molle Fr. (Corticium) 682 
 molle Fr. (Hydnum) 631 
 molle Pers. (Lycoperdon) 35 
 Molleriana (Brea.) Sacc. (Peniophora) 
 
 683, 693 
 mollis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Crepidotua) 454 
 
 mollis B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 305 
 mollis Fr. (Hypochnua) 657 
 mollis (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 588 
 mollia (Sommerf.) Fr. (Trametes) 616 
 mollis (Sommerf.) Fr. (Trametes) 609 
 molliscorum Cke. & Massee (Pholiota) 
 
 113 
 molliasima (Pers.) Rea (Phylacteria) 
 
 653 
 
 mollissima (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 653 
 mollusca (Fr.) Rea (Odontia) 649 
 mollusca (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 599 
 mottuscum Fr. (Hydnum) 649 
 mottuttcus FT. (Merulius) 624 
 molybdina (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 277 
 molybdinum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 219 
 
 molyoidea Fr. (Marasmius) 528 
 monatroaa (Sow.)GiUet (Clitocybe) 280 
 monstrosus Cke. (Lactarius) 491 
 Montagnei Fr. (Polyporus) 575 
 Montagnei Fr. (Polystictus) 575 
 moriformis Berk. (Tremella) 732 
 moschatum (Tuber) 48 
 Mougeotii Fr. (Corticium) 669 
 Mougeotii (Fr.) Cke. (Hymenochaete) 
 
 669 
 
 mucida (Schrad.) Fr. (Armillaria) 110 
 mucida Fr. (Grandinia) 644 
 mucida Fr. (Grandinia) 647 
 mucida (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 599 
 mucidum Fr. (Hydnum) 640 
 mucidum (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Radulum) 640 
 
 mucifluus Fr. (Cortinarius) 150 
 mucifluus Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 
 mucoaua (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 
 mucosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 
 Mucronella Fr. 12, 629 
 mucronellus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 306 
 Mulgravensis Maaaee & Crosal. (Pluteo- 
 
 lus) 63 
 
 Mulleri Fr. (Pholiota) 118 
 multicolor Bres. (Mycena) 377 
 multifida Fr. (Pterula) 724 
 multifidum Massee (Schizophyllum) 452 
 multiforme'B. &Br. (Hydnum) 638, 648 
 multiforme (Schaeff.) Cke. (Tricho- 
 loma) 233 
 
 multiformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 138 
 multiformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 139 
 multiformis (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 
 
 638, 648 
 
 multiplex Fr. (Hydnum) 637 
 multizonata B. & Br. (Thelephora) 662 
 multizonatum (B. & Br.) Massee 
 
 (Stereum) 662 
 
 mundulus (Lasch) Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 
 muralis (Sow.) Fr. (Omphalia) 428 
 muricata Fr. (Pholiota) 120
 
 INDEX 
 
 781 
 
 muricinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 155 
 murina (Batsch) Fr. (Collybia) 341 
 murinaceum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 224 
 
 muscaria (Linn.) Fr. (Amanita) 100 
 muscicola Pers. (Clavaria) 728 
 muscicola Fr. (Cyphella) 704 
 muscicola (Pers.) Fitzpat. (Eocron- 
 
 artium) 721, 728 
 muscicola (Fr.) Rea (Phaeocyphella) 
 
 704 
 
 muscicola (Pers. ) Fr. (Typhula) 721, 728 
 muscigena (Schum.) Fr. (Collybia) 338, 
 
 381 
 
 muscigena (Pers.) Fr. (Cyphella) 701 
 muscigena (Schum.) Quel. (Mycena) 
 
 338, 381 
 muscigenus (Bull.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 
 
 546, 547 
 muscigenus (Bull.) Quel. (Dictyolus) 
 
 546, 547 
 
 muscoides Fr. (Clavaria) 708 
 muscorum (Hoffm.) Quel. (Galera) 439 
 muscorum (Hoffm.) Fr. (Tubaria) 439 
 mussivum Fr. (Hebeloma) 252 
 mustelina Fr. (Pholiota) 123 
 mustelina Fr. (Russula) 477 
 mutabilis (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Grandinia) 644 
 
 mutabilis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pholiota) 122 
 mutica Fr. (Inocybe) 201 
 muticus Berk. (Hymenogaster) 25 
 mutila (Fr.) Quel. (Omphalia) 445 
 mutilus Fr. (Pleurotus) 445 
 Mutinus Fr. 23 
 mycelium ix 
 Mycena Fr. 8, 373 
 mycenoides (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 124 
 mycenoides Fr. (Pholiota) 124 
 mycenopsis Fr. (Galera) 412 
 Mycoleptodon Pat. 12, 639 
 myochroa (Fr.) Rea (Omphalia) 429 
 Myosotis Fr. (Naucoria) 357 
 myriadea Kalchbr. (Omphalia) 432 
 Myriostoma Desv. 4, 39 
 myrtillinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 163 
 Myxaclum Fr. 149 
 
 nana Massee (Laccaria) 291 
 narius Massee (Boletus) 562 
 nanus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 60 
 napus Fr. (Cortinarius) 139 
 narcoticus (Batsch) Fr. (Coprinus) 511 
 nasuta Kalchbr. (Naucoria) 355 
 naucina Fr. (Lepiota) 72, 86 
 Naucoria Fr. 7, 348 
 nauseosa (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 473 
 nauseosum Cke. (Hebeloma) 259 
 nebularis (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 269 
 necator (Pers.) Schroet. (Lactarius) 480 
 
 nefrens Fr. (Leptonia) 348 
 neglecta Massee (Psathyra) 415 
 nemophila Fr. (Psilocybe) 362 
 nemorensis Fr. (Cortinarius) 136 
 nemorensis Fr. (Cortinarius) 134 
 nemoreus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 298 
 nemoreus (Lasch) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 nephriticum Berk. (Hysterangium) 25 
 Neptunea (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 
 Neurophyllum Pat. 9, 548 
 Nevillae Berk. (Omphalia) 435 
 nictitans Fr. (Tricholoma) 217 
 nictitans Fr. (Tricholoma) 235 
 nidorosum Fr. (Entoloma) 251 
 nidulans (Pers.) Quel. (Crepidotus) 
 
 450, 454 
 nidulans (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 450, 
 
 454 
 
 nidulans Fr. (Polyporus) 585 
 nidulans Fr. (Polyporus) 585 
 Nidularia (Fr.) Tul. 4, 45 
 Nldulariaceae 3, 4, 45 
 
 NlDULARHNEAB 3, 45 
 
 nigra Fl. Dan. (Mycena) 395 
 nigrella (Pers.) Gillet (Eccilia) 436 
 nigrescens Roze & Rich. (Boletus) 573 
 nigrescens Roze & Rich. (Boletus) 573 
 nigrescens Pers. (Bovista) 38 
 nigrescens (Lasch) Cke. (Clitocybe) 270 
 nigrescens (Lasch) Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 
 nigrescens (Schrad.) Fr. (Corticium) 
 
 641, 681 
 nigrescens (Klotzsch) Lloyd (Fomes) 
 
 592 
 
 nigrescens Quel. (Hygrophorus) 307 
 nigrescens (Quel.) Massee (Hygro- 
 phorus) 307 
 
 nigrescens Cke. (Hymenochaete) 668 
 nigrescens Pers. (Lycoperdon) 35 
 nigrescens (Fr.) Quel. (Tremella) 732 
 nigricans (Fr.) Lloyd (Fomes) 593 
 nigricans Bres. (Mycena) 386 
 nigricans Lasch (Polystictus) 609 
 nigricans (Bull.) Fr. (Russula) 458 
 nigripes (Pers.) Rea (Clitocybe) 274 
 nigripes (Trog) Fr. (Nolanea) 350, 404 
 nigrocinnamomeum Kalchbr. (Ento- 
 loma) 250 
 
 nigrocinnamomeum Schulz. (Ento- 
 loma) 58 
 
 nigrodisca Peck (Inocybe) 201 
 nigromarginata Massee (Lepiota) 71 
 nigrum Fr. (Hydnum) 633 
 nimbata (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 271 
 nimbatum (Batsch) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 238 
 
 nitellina Fr. (Collybia) 336 
 nitellina Fr. (Collybia) 337 
 nitens Cke. & Massee (Flammula) 315
 
 782 
 
 INDEX 
 
 nitida FT. (Amanita) 104 
 nitida (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 600 
 nitida (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 600 
 nitida Fr. (Russula) 473 
 nitida (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 473 
 nitidum Quel. (Entoloma) 246 
 nitidus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 151 
 nitratus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 309 
 nitrosus Cke. (Cortinarius) 176 
 nivalis (Grev.) Rea (Amanitopsis) 93 
 nivalis Fl. Dan. (Omphalia) 433 
 nivea Quel. (Mycena) 381 
 nivea Fl. Dan. (Omphalia) 429 
 nivea (Pers.) Cke. (Russula) 468 
 niveocremeum von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 
 (Corticium) 677 
 
 niveum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 643 
 niveus Massee (Bolbitius) 499 
 niveus Fr. (Boletus) 573 
 niveus (Pers.) Fr. (Coprinus) 505 
 niveus Cke. (Hygrophorus) 308 
 niveus (Scop.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 300 
 niveus Fr. (Merulius) 621 
 nodulosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Acia) 
 
 638, 642 
 
 nodulosum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 642 
 nodulosus Fr. (Polyporus) 586 
 Nolanea Fr. 8, 401 
 nolitangere (Fr.) Quel. (Hypholoma) 
 
 268, 418 
 
 nolitangere Fr. (Psathyra) 268, 418 
 nucea (Bolt.) Fr. (Naucoria) 353 
 nuciseda Fr. (Psilocybe) 366 
 nucleata (Schwein.) Rea (Exidia) 735 
 nucleate (Schwein.) Fr. (Naematelia) 
 
 735 
 
 nuda (Berk.) Pat. (Dacryomitra) 744 
 nuda Massee (Dacryopsis) 744 
 nuda Berk. (Ditiola) 744 
 nuda (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 683, 695 
 nuda (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 697 
 nudipes Fr. (Hebeloma) 258 
 nudum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 695 
 nudum (Tricholoma) 272 
 nitdum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 237 
 nummularia (Lam.) Fr. ( Colly bia) 336 
 nummularius (Bull.) Quel. (Polyporus) 
 
 577 
 
 Nyctalis Fr. 9, 541 
 nycthemerus Fr. (Coprinus) 511 
 nympharum Kalchbr. (Lepiota) 66 
 
 obbata Fr. (Clitocybe) 286 
 obducens (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 601 
 obesa W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 85 
 obesus Bres. (Hygrophorus) 296 
 oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. (Coprinus) 501 
 oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. (Coprinus) 508, 509 
 obliqua (Massee) Rea (Ditiola) 743 
 obliqua (Pers.) Quel. (Poria) 595, 606 
 
 obliquus (Pers.) Fr. (Fomes) 595, 606 
 obliquus (Schrad.) Fr. (Irpex) 611 
 obliquus (Schrad.) Fr. (Irpex) 599 
 obliquus Fr. (Lactarius) 496 
 obliquus Fr. (Polyporus) 606 
 obnubilus (Lasch) Fr. (Lactarius) 495 
 obrusseus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 307 
 obscura Gillet (Armillaria) 109 
 obscura (Pers.) Fr. (Inocybe) 200 
 obscurata Cke. (Clitocybe) 270 
 obscuratus Karst. (Hygrophorus) 309 
 obsoleta (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 289 
 obtexta (Lasch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 
 obturata Fr. (Stropharia) 127 
 obtusa (Clavaria) 723, 724 
 obtusa Cke. & Massee (Naucoria) 349 
 obtusata Fr. (Psathyra) 415 
 obtusifolius Rea (Marasmius) 524 
 obtusus Fr. (Cortinarius) 192 
 occulta Cke. (Clitocybe) 280 
 ocellata Fr. (Collybia) 338 
 ocellata (Fr.) R. Maire (Collybia) 338 
 ocellata Fr. (Grandinia) 645, 680 
 ochracea Massee (Coniophora) 628 
 ochracea (Fr.) Massee (Peniophora) 
 
 697 
 
 ochracea (Fr.) Massee (Peniophora) 695 
 ochracea (A. & S.) Fr. (Russula) 474 
 ochracea (Hoffm.) Berk. (Solenia) 702 
 ochraceum Fr. (Corticium) 644 
 ochraceum (Fr.) Bres. (Corticium) 680 
 ochraceum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 639 
 ochraceum (Pers.) Pat. (Mycoleptodon) 
 
 639 
 
 ochrochlora Fr. (Flammula) 323 
 ochroidea (Berk.) Massee (Coniophora) 
 
 628 
 
 ochroleuca B. & Br. (Cyphella) 704 
 ochroleuca (B. & Br.) Rea (Phaeo- 
 
 cyphella) 704 
 
 ochroleuca (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 465 
 ochroleucum Fr. (Stereum) 664 
 ochroleucus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 160 
 
 ochroviridis Cke. (Russula) 463 
 Octavlania Vitt. 4, 27 
 Odontla (Pers.) Pat. 13, 645 
 odora (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 274 
 odora (Sommerf.) Fr. (Trametes) 615 
 odorata (Wulf.) Fr. (Trametes) 615 
 odorus (Polyporus) 615 
 oedematopus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Collybia) 
 
 329 
 
 oedipus Quel. (Collybia) 337, 525 
 oedipus Cke. (Hypholoma) 264 
 oedipus (Quel.) Rea (Marasmius) 337, 
 
 381, 525 
 
 offuciata Fr. (Omphalia) 424 
 oleosum von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Gloeo- 
 
 cystidium) 689
 
 INDEX 
 
 783 
 
 olivacea Cke. & Massee (Bovista) 39 
 olivacea (Fr.) Karat. (Coniophorella) 
 
 628 
 
 olivacea (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 461 
 olivaceoalbus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 296 
 olivaceomarginata Massee (Mycena) 374 
 olivaceomarginata (Massee) Rea (My- 
 cena) 374 
 
 olivaceum Fr. (Corticium) 628 
 olivaceus Gillet (Bolbitius) 497 
 olivaceus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Boletus) 570 
 olivaceus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 27 
 olivascens (Batsch) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 148 
 
 olivascens Bres. (Odontia) 644 
 olivascens (Fr.) Rea (Russula) 475 
 olivascens Pers. (Russula) 475 
 olivascens Quel. (Russula) 470 
 oUa (Batsch) Pers. (Cyathus) 47 
 ombrophila Fr. (Pholiota) 112 
 Omphalia (Pers.) Fr. 8, 422 
 oniscus Fr. (Omphalia) 426 
 oniscus Fr. (Omphalia) 427 
 onychinum Fr. (Tricholoma) 231 
 opaca (With.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 280 
 opala Fr. (Clitocybe) 276 
 opicum Fr. (Tricholoma) 229 
 opimus Fr. (Cortinarius) 153 
 opipara Fr. (Clitocybe) 221, 272 
 opiparum (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 221, 272 
 
 orbiculare Fr. (Radulum) 640 
 orbiformis Fr. (Clitocybe) 287 
 orcdla (Bull.) Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 
 orceUoides Cke. & Massee (Paxillus) 
 
 550 
 
 oreades (Bolt.) Fr. (Marasmius) 519 
 oreinum Fr. (Tricholoma) 234 
 orellanus Fr. (Cortinarius) 165 
 orichalceus (Batsch) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 143 
 
 orirubens Quel. (Tricholoma) 224 
 osseus Kalchbr. (Polyporus) 578 
 ostreatus (Jacq.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 445 
 ovalis Fr. (Galera) 408 
 ovalispora Cke. & Massee (Bovista) 39 
 ovata (Pers.) Fr. (Pistillaria) 723 
 ovatus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Coprinus) 500 
 ovinus (Bull.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 302 
 oxygenus Fr. (Coprinus) 507 
 ozes Fr. (Collybia) 340 
 
 pachypus Fr. (Boletus) 570 
 Padi Pers. (Thelephora) 669 
 paedidum Fr. (Tricholoma) 242 
 paeonium (Tricholoma) 231 
 paleaceus (Weinm.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 180 
 
 pallens Berk. (Merulius) 622 
 pallescens Fr. (Polyporus) 591 
 
 pattida Pers. (Craterella) 662 
 pallida Rabenh. (Cyphella) 700 
 pallida Cke. (Omphalia) 429 
 pallida B. & Br. (Stropharia) 127 
 pallida (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 662 
 pallidipes Ellis & Everh. (Inocybe) 195 
 pallidula Bres. (Gonatobotrys) 689 
 pallidula (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Peniophora) 689 
 
 pallidum (Pers.) Cke. (Stereum) 662 
 pallidum (Pers.) Lloyd (Stereum) 661 
 pallidus (Cantharellus) 273 
 pallidus B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 299 
 pallidus B. & Br. (Hymenogaster) 26 
 pallidus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 488 
 pallidus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 482 
 palmata (Schum.) Fr. (Calocera) 744 
 palmata (Pere.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713 
 palmata (Scop.) Pat. (Phylacteria) 652 
 palmata (Scop.) Fr. (Thelephora) 652 
 palmatus (Bull.) Fr. (Crepidotus) 454 
 palmatus (Bull.) Quel. (Pleurotus) 62, 
 
 247, 443, 454 
 
 paludosa Lev. (Bovista) 37 
 paludosa (Lev.) Lloyd (Bovistella) 37 
 paludosa (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 438 
 paludosa Fr. (Tubaria) 438 
 paludosus Massee (Boletus) 560 
 palumbina Quel. (Russula) 471 
 panaeolum Fr. (Tricholoma) 238, 271 
 Panaeolus Fr. 7, 369 
 panaeolus Fr. (Paxillus) 550 
 pantherina (DC.) Fr. (Amanita) 103 
 pantoleucus Fr. (Pleurotus) 445 
 panuoides Fr. (Paxillus) 553 
 Panus Fr. 9, 534 
 papilionaceus (Bull.) Fr. (Panaeolus) 
 
 371 
 
 papillata Bres. (Nolanea) 403 
 papillata Fr. (Omphalia) 432 
 papittatum (Schaeff.) Hollos (Lyco- 
 
 perdon) 32 
 
 papillatus (Batsch) Fr. (Coprinus) 507 
 papillosa Fr. (Grandinia) 645, 647 
 papiUosa (Fr.) Bres. (Odontia) 645, 647 
 papulosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 148 
 papyraceus Fr. (Merulius) 623 
 papyrinus (Bull.) Quel. (Merulius) 620 
 parabolica Fr. (Mycena) 385 
 paradoxa Kalchbr. (Flammula) 314, 
 
 551 
 paradoxus (Kalchbr.) Quel. (Paxillus) 
 
 314, 551 
 
 paragaudis Fr. (Cortinarius) 173 . 
 paraphyses ix 
 
 Parasites x, xi, 1, 16, 725, 726 
 parasitica (Bull.) Fr. (Nyctalis) 541 
 parasiticus (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 565 
 parilis Fr. (Clitocybe) 282 
 Parisotii Pat. (Crepidotus) 457
 
 784 
 
 INDEX 
 
 parkensis Fr. (Eccilia) 435 
 parvannulata (Lasch) Fr. (Lepiota) 77 
 parvula (Weinm.) Fr. (Volvaria) 96 
 pascua (Pers.) Fr. (Nolanea) 401 
 patellaris Fr. (Panus) 536 
 pateriformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 188 
 PatouiUardii Quel. (Coprinus) 507 
 patricius Schulz. (Pluteus) 57 
 patulum Fr. (Tricholoma) 234 
 pauper Karat. (Lactarius) 489 
 paupercula Berk. (Mycena) 387 
 paupercula Berk. (Mycena) 388 
 pausiaca Fr. (Clitocybe) 288 
 Paxlllus FT. 9, 548 
 paxillus Fr. (Pholiota) 121 
 Pearsonii Bourd. (Corticium) 679 
 pectinata (Bull.) Fr. (Russula) 465 
 pectinatus (Klotzsch) Fr. (Fomea) 594 
 pectinatus (Pers.) Lloyd (Geaster) 40 
 pectinatus (Klotzsch) Quel. (Poly- 
 
 porus) 594 
 
 pediades Fr. (Naucoria) 356 
 pediades Fr. (Naucoria) 356, 543 
 pedunculatum (Lycoperdon) 52 
 pelianthina Fr. (Mycena) 373 
 Pelletieri(Lev. ) Quel. (Phylloporus)551 
 pdlicula Bres. (Hypochnus) 657 
 pdlicula Fr. (Hypochnus) 657 
 pelliculosa Fr. (Mycena) 397 
 pellitus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 59 
 pellosperma (Bull.) Fr. (Psathyra) 414 
 pettucida (Bull.) Quel. (Naucoria) 437, 
 
 439 
 
 pellucida (Bull.) Fr. (Tubaria) 439 
 pellucida (Bull.) Fr. (Tubaria) 439 
 peltate Fr. (Mycena) 389 
 penarius Fr. (Hygrophorus) 293 
 pendulum Fr. (Radulum) 639, 674 
 pendulus (A. & S.) Fr. (Irpex) 610 
 penetrans Fr. (Flammula) 321 
 Pengellei B. & Br. (Clitocybe) 272 
 penicittatum (Merisma) 654 
 penicillatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 181 
 penicillatus (Fr.) Quel. (Cortinarius) 
 
 181 
 
 Peniophora Cke. 15, 687 
 pennata Fr. (Psathyra) 269, 418 
 pennatum (Fr.) Quel. (Hypholoma) 
 
 269, 418 
 
 perbrevis (Weinm.) Fr. (Inocybe) 204 
 Percevalii B. & Br. (Stropharia) 125 
 percomis Fr. (Cortinarius) 137 
 percomis Fr. (Cortinarius) 252 
 perennis (Linn.) Fr. (Polyporus) 575 
 perforans (Fr.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 532 
 perforans Fr. (Marasmius) 532 
 pergamena Cke. (Clitocybe) 279 
 pergamenus (Swartz) Quel. (Lactarius) 
 
 486 
 peridiola x 
 
 peridium x 
 
 periscelis Fr. (Cortinarius) 178 
 perlata Cke. (Inocybe) 204 
 perlatum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 34 
 permixta Barla (Lepiota) 65 
 peronata Massee (Psaliota) 83 
 peronatus (Bolt.) Fr. (Marasmius) 518 
 peronatus (Bolt.) Quel. (Marasmius) 
 
 518 
 
 perrara Schulz. (Psaliota) 86 
 persicinus Beck (Hygrophorus) 294 
 persicolor Fr. (Tricholoma) 231 
 persimilis Cotton (Clavaria) 715 
 persimilis Cotton (Clavaria) 716 
 personatum FT. (Tricholoma) 236 
 Persoonianum Phill. & Plowr. (Ento- 
 
 loma) 248 
 
 Persoonii Du Port (Entoloma) 248 
 pes-caprae Fr. (Agaricus) 279 
 pes-caprae Fr. (Tricholoma) 233 
 pessundatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 218 
 pessundatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 218 
 petaloides (Bull.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 446 
 petaloides Fr. (Polyporus) 578 
 petasatus (Fr.) Karat. (Pluteus) 57 
 Peter sii Berk. & Curt. (Pilacre) 729 
 petiginosa (Fr.) Rea (Astrosporina) 
 
 213 
 
 petiginosa (Fr.) Quel. (Inocybe) 213 
 petiginosum Fr. (Hebeloma) 213 
 peziza Tul. (Guepinia) 743 
 pezizoides (Nees) Fr. (Crepidotus) 456 
 pezizoides Massee (Peniophora) 696, 
 
 697 
 
 phacorrhiza (Reich.) Fr. (Typhula) 721 
 phaeocephala (? Bull.) Cke. (Inocybe) 
 
 207 
 
 phaeocephalum (Bull.) Quel. (Ento- 
 loma) 244, 245 
 Phaeocyphella Pat. 15, 704 
 phaeopodia (Bull.) FT. (Collybia) 331 
 phaeopodium (Bull.) Quel. (Tricho- 
 loma) 240, 331 
 Phaeoporus Bataille 10, 555 
 Phaeotremella Rea 18, 733 
 phalaenarum Fr. (Panaeolus) 370 
 phalenarum Bull. (Panaeolus) 92 
 phalerata Fr. (Pholiota) 122 
 Phallaceae 2, 3, 22 
 PHALLINEAE 2, 21 
 phalloides (Vaill.) Fr. (Amanita) 98 
 phalloides (Dicks.) Pera. (Battarrea)53 
 phalloides Dicks. (Lycoperdon) 53 
 Phallus (Micheli) Pers. 3, 23 
 Phillipsii B. & Br. (Crepidotus) 456 
 philonotis (Lasch) Fr. (Omphalia) 426 
 philonotis (Lasch) Quel. (Omphalia)426 
 Phlebia Fr. 12, 624 
 phlebophorus (Ditm.) Fr. (Pluteus) 61 
 Phlegmacium FT. 132
 
 INDEX 
 
 785 
 
 phoeniceus (Bull.) Make (Cortinarius) 
 
 163 
 
 pholideus Fr. (Cortinarius) 159 
 PholiotaFr. 7, 111 
 phosphorea Sow. (Auricularia) 673 
 phrygianus Fr. (Cortinarius) 159 
 Phylacteria(Pers.) Pat. 13, 14, 651 
 phyllophila Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 
 phyllophila Massee (Peniophora) 697 
 physaloides (Bull.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 365 
 picaceus (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 502 
 picea Kalchbr. (Nolanea) 350, 405 
 picinus Fr. (Lactarius) 492 
 picipes Fr. (Polyporus) 577 
 picrea Fr. (Flammula) 322 
 picta Fr. (Omphalia) 432 
 pictipes Cke. (Russula) 463 
 Pilosace Fr. 6, 63 
 pilosella (Pers.) Rea (Galera) 407 
 pilosus (Huds.) Quel. (Marasmius) 532 
 pilulaeforme (Bull.) Fr. (Hypholoma) 
 
 268 
 
 Pimii Phill. (Cyphella) 700 
 pinastri Fr. (Hydnum) 624, 638 
 pinastri (Fr.) Burt (Merulius) 624, 638 
 pinetorum Fr. (Cortinarius) 154 
 Pini Fr. (Stereum) 666 
 Pini (Brot.) Fr. (Trametes) 615 
 pinicola (Vitt.) Rea (Boletus) 567 
 Pinuum Bres. (Polyporus) 593 
 piperatus (BuU.) Fr. (Boletus) 561 
 piperatus (Scop.) Fr. (Lactarius) 485, 
 
 486 
 pisciodora (Ces.) Fr. (Nolanea) 350, 
 
 404 
 
 pisiformis (Roth) Tul. (Nidularia) 45 
 pisiformis (Roth) Tul. (Nidularia) 45, 
 
 46 
 pisocarpium (Nees) Fr. (Polysaccum) 
 
 50 
 
 Pisolithus A. & S. 5, 50 
 Pistillaria Fr. 16, 722 
 pistillaris (Linn.) Fr. (Clavaria) 717 
 pithya (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 339, 381 
 pithyophila (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 276 
 pityria Fr. (Galera) 411 
 placenta Batsch (Entoloma) 244 
 placenta (Batsch) Fr. (Entoloma) 245 
 placenta Fr. (Polyporus) 601 
 placenta Fr. (Poria) 601 
 placida Fr. (Leptonia) 343 H 
 plancus Fr. (Marasmius) 519 
 planipes (Brig.) Fr. (Collybia) 337 
 Platygloea Schroet. 17, 726 
 platyphylla (Pers.) Fr. (Collybia) 328 
 platypus Berk. (Coprinus) 512 
 PLECTOBASIDIINEAE 3, 47 
 Pleurotus Fr. 8, 441 
 plexipes Fr. (Collybia) 340 
 plexipes (Fr.) Quel. (Collybia) 327 
 
 plicata (Schaeff.) Quel. (Mycena) 396 
 plicatilis (Curt.) Fr. (Coprinus) 516 
 plicatiloides Buller (Coprinus) 516 
 plicatocrenata Fr. (Mycena) 396 
 Plicatura Peck 12, 541, 625 
 plicosa Fr. (Mycena) 388 
 plumbea Fr. (Bovista) 38 
 plumbea Fr. (Mycena) 392 
 plumbea (Fr.) Rick. (Omphalia) 392 
 plumbeus (Bull.) Fr. (Lactarius) 486 
 ftamfetM(BuIL) Quel. (Lactarius) 480 
 plumiger FT. (Cortinarius) 171 
 plumosa (Bolt. ) Rea (Astrosporina) 214 
 plumosa (Bolt.) Fr. (Inocybe) 214 
 plumosa (Duby) Rea (Odontia) 638, 
 
 647 
 
 plumosum Duby (Hydnum) 638, 647 
 plumvlosa (Lasch) Quel. (Volvaria) 94 
 pluteoides Fr. (Entoloma) 250 
 Pluteolus Fr. 6, 62 
 Pluteus Fr. 6, 56 
 pluvius Fr. (Cortinarius) 153 
 polia Fr. (Clitocybe) 270 
 polioleucum Fr. (Tricholoma) 240 
 polyaddpha (Lasch) Fr. (Omphalia) 
 
 435, 530 
 polyadelphus (Lasch) Pat. (Andro- 
 
 saceus) 530 
 polyadelphus (Lasch) Cke. (Marasmius) 
 
 435, 530 
 
 polycephala Fr. (Psilocybe) 368 
 polygonium (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 684 
 polygramma (Bull.) Fr. (Mycena) 384 
 polymorphum Vitt. (Lycoperdon) 36 
 polymorphus Rostk. (Polyporus) 586 
 Polyporaceae 10, 11, 574 
 Polyporus (Micheli) Fr. 11, 574 
 Polysaccum DC. 5, 50 
 polysticta Berk. (Lepiota) 77 
 Polystlctaceae 10, 11, 608 
 Polystictus Fr. 11, 608 
 polytricha (Mont.) Pat. (Auricularia) 
 
 728 
 
 polytricha Mont. (Hirneola) 728 
 Polytrichi Fr. (Psilocybe) 363 
 polyzona (Pers.) Fr. (Daedalea) 618 
 pomaceus (Pers.) Big. & Guill. (Fomes) 
 
 594 
 
 pomposum Fr. (Hypholoma) 261 
 popinalis Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 
 popinalis Fr. (Clitopilus) 272 
 populetorum Berk. (Hymenogaster) 27 
 populinum (Sommerf.) Fr. (Corticiuaa) 
 
 682 
 
 populinus Fr. (Fomes) 596 
 Poria (Pers. ) Fr. 11,598 
 poriaeformis (DC.) FT. (Solenia) 703 
 porinoides Fr. (Merulius) 621 
 
 POROHYDNINEAE 10, 574 
 
 porosum Berk. & Curt. (Corticium) 684
 
 786 
 
 INDEX 
 
 porosus Berk. (Paxillus) 552 
 Porothelium Fr. 15, 703 
 porphyria (A. & S.) Fr. (Amanita) 99 
 porphyroleucum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricho- 
 
 loma) 240 
 
 porphyrophaeum Fr. (Entoloma) 244 
 porphyropus (A. & S.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 147 
 
 porphyrosporus Fr. (Boletus) 555 
 porphyrosporus (Fr.) Bat. (Phaeo- 
 
 porus) 555 
 
 porreus (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 519 
 porrigens (Pers.) Quel. (Calathinus) 449 
 porrigens (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 449 
 porriginosa Fr. (Naucoria) 358 
 portentosum Fr. (Tricholoma) 215 
 Postii Fr. (Omphalia) 424 
 Postii Fr. (Omphalia) 425 
 praecox (Pers.) Fr. (Pholiota) 114 
 praestans (Cordier) Sacc. (Cortinarius) 
 
 138 
 
 praestigiosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 173 
 praetermissa Karst. (Peniophora) 684 
 praetermissum (Karst.) Bres. (Cor- 
 
 ticium) 684 
 praetervisa (Quel.) Schroet. ( Astro - 
 
 sporina) 209 
 
 praetervisa Quel. (Inocybe) 209 
 prasinus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 144 
 
 prasiosmus Fr. (Marasmius) 520 
 prasiosmus Fr. (Marasmius) 523 
 pratense Pers. (Lycoperdon) 32 
 pratensis (Fr.) Cotton & Wakef. 
 
 (Clavaria) 708 
 
 pratensis (Pers. ) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 299 
 pratensis (Fr.) Rea (Lepiota) 69 
 pratensis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psaliota) 86 
 praticola (Vitt.) Fr. (Psaliota) 87 
 pravum (Lasch) Fr. (Tricholoma) 231 
 privignus Fr. (Cortinarius) 183 
 proboscideus Fr. (Crepidotus) 457 
 procera (Scop.) Fr. (Lepiota) 64 
 proletaria Fr. (Nolanea) 401 
 prolifera (Sow.) Fr. (Mycena) 382 
 prolixa (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Collybia) 330 
 prominens Fr. (Lepiota) 64 
 prona Fr. (Paathyrella) 421 
 Protodontia von Hoehn. 18, 736 
 protracta Fr. (Collybia) 342 
 proxima Boud. (Laccaria) 290 
 proxima (Boud.) Make (Laccaria) 290 
 proximella (Karst.) Rea (Astrosporina) 
 
 208 
 
 proximella Karst. (Inocybe) 208 
 proximellus (Karst.) Massee (Coprinus) 
 
 517 
 
 pruinatus Fr. (Boletus) 565 
 pruinatus Rea (Marasmius) 523 
 pruinosa (Lasch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 286 
 
 Pruni Lasch (Odontia) 650 
 prunuloides Fr. (Entoloma) 244 
 prunulus (Scop.) Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 
 Psaliota Fr. 6, 82 
 psammicola B. & Br. (Mycena) 383 
 psammocephalus Fr. (Cortinarius) 179 
 psammopum Kalchbr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 220 
 
 Psathyra Fr. 8, 412 
 Psathyrella Fr. 8, 419 
 psathyroides Cke. (Collybia) 335 
 pseudoandrosacea Bull. (Omphalia) 429 
 pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) Fr. (Om- 
 phalia) 430 
 pseudodirecta W. G. Sm. (Omphalia) 
 
 433 
 pseudofoliacea Rea (Phaeotremella) 
 
 733 
 
 pseudolicmophora Rea (Lepiota) 74 
 pseudoorcella Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 
 pseudopura Cke. (Mycena) 377 
 pseudostorea W. G. Sm. (Hypholoma) 
 
 264 
 
 Psilocybe Fr. 7, 361 
 psittacinus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hygro- 
 phorus) 308 
 
 pterigena Fr. (Mycena) 399 
 Pterula Fr. 16, 724 
 Ptychella 543 
 
 Ptychogaster Cda. 13, 660 
 pubera (Fr.) Sacc. (Peniophora) 683, 
 
 693 
 
 puberula Berk. (Pistillaria) 724 
 puberum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 693 
 pubescens (Sow. ) Quel. (Calathinus) 449 
 pubescens Fr. (Lactarius) 480 
 PUCCINIINEAE xi, 16, 726 
 pudica (Bull.) Quel. (Lepiota) 72, 82 
 pudica (Bull.) Fr. (Pholiota) 115 
 pudorinum Fr. (Hydnum) 639 
 pudorinus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 294 
 puella (Batsch) Cda. (Amanita) 100 
 puellaris (Fr.) Rea (Lepiota) 65 
 puellaris Fr. (Russula) 473 
 pulchella Fr. (Mycena) 381 
 pulchellus (Fr.) Rea (Boletus) 559 
 pukherrima Gillet (Russula) 460 
 pulcherrimum Berk. & Curt. (Hydnum) 
 
 637 
 
 pulchralis (Britz.) Cke. (Russula) 474 
 pulla (Schaeff.) Fr. (Collybia) 331 
 pullata Berk. & Cke. (Mycena) 386 
 puttum Schaeff. (Hydnum) 633 
 pulmonarius Fr. (Pleurotus) 447 
 pulvereum Rea (Entoloma) 249 
 pulverulenta Sow. (Auricularia) 627 
 pulverulenta (Lev.) Massee (Conio- 
 
 phora) 627 
 
 pulverulentus B. & Br. (Hygrophorus 
 293
 
 INDEX 
 
 787 
 
 pulverulentus (Scop.) Fr. (Lentinus) 
 
 538 
 
 pulverulentus FT. (Merulius) 622 
 pulverulentus (Fr.) Quel. (Merulius) 
 
 622 
 
 pumila (Sow.) Quel. (Mycena) 380 
 pumila Fr. (Pholiota) 124 
 punctata Gill. (Russula) 476 
 punctata (Gill.) Maire (Russula) 476 
 punctatum Fr. (Hebeloma) 255 
 punctatus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 176 
 punctillifer Quel. (Pluteus) 59 
 punctulata Kalchbr. (Pholiota) 131 
 punctulata (Kalchbr.) Fr. (Stropharia) 
 
 131, 266 
 
 punctulatum Cke. (Corticium) 683, 685 
 punctulatum (Kalchbr.) Cke. (Hypho- 
 
 loma) 266 
 
 puniceum (A. & S.) Fr. (Corticium) 655 
 puniceus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 306 
 puniceus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 307 
 puniceus (A. & S.) Sacc. (Hypochnus) 
 
 655 
 
 pura (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 377 
 purpurascens Rostk. (Boletus) 565 
 purpurascens Fr. (Cortinarius) 141 
 purpurascens (Exidia) 728 
 purpurascens Cke. (Psaliota) 84 
 purpurascens B. & Br. (Trametes) 617 
 purpurata Cke. & Massee (Flammula) 
 
 314 
 
 purpurata Bres. (Russula) 475 
 pur pur ea (Clavaria) 706 
 purpurea (Miiller) Fr. (Clavaria) 714 
 purpurea W. G. Sm. (Pistillaria) 724 
 purpurea Fr. (Poria) 605 
 purpurea Gill. (Russula) 469 
 purpureum (Tul.) Pat. (Helicobasid- 
 
 ium) 726 ' 
 
 purpureum Auct. pi. (Stereum) 665 
 purpureum (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 664 
 purpureus Fr. (Boletus) 571 
 purpureu* Fr. (Boletus) 572, 605 
 pusilla (Pers.) Fr. (Pistillaria) 722, 724 
 pusilla Schroet. (Typhula) 722 
 pusilla (Pers.) Quel. (Volvaria) 96 
 pusillum (Batsch) Pers. (Lycoperdon) 
 
 pusillus Fr. (Craterellus) 546 
 pusillus B. & Br. (Hymenogaster) 27 
 pusio Howse (Boletus) 565 
 pusiola Fr. (Naucoria) 352 
 pustulatus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 297 
 puteana (Schum.) Karst. (Coniophora) 
 
 626 
 
 puteanum (fichum.) Fr. (Corticium) 626 
 putidum Fr. (Tricholoma) 243 
 putrigenus Berk. & Curt. (Crepidotus) 
 
 455 
 
 pygmaeoaffinis Fr. (Galera) 409 
 pyrenaea Quel. (Lepiota) 75, 111 
 pyriforme (Schaeff.) Pers. (Lycoperdon) 
 
 35 
 
 pyriformis (Pers.) Fr. (Omphalia) 429 
 pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. (Inocybe) 195 
 pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. (Inocybe) 196, 
 
 201, 202 
 
 pyrogalus (Bull.) FT. (Lactarius) 484 
 pyrotricha (Holmsk.) Quel. (Stropharia) 
 
 132, 264 
 pyrotrichum (Holmsk.) Fr. (Hypho- 
 
 loma) 132, 264 
 
 pyxidata (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 709 
 pyxidata (Bull.) Fr. (Omphalia) 425 
 pyxidata (Bull.) Fr. (Omphalia) 428 
 
 quadricolor (Scop.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 172 
 
 Queletia Fr. 5, 52 
 Queletii Schulz. (Boletus) 572 
 Queletii Fr. (Hydnum) 635 
 Queletii (Fr.) Bataille (Russula) 467 
 quercina (Linn.) Fr. (Daedalea) 613, 
 
 617 
 quercina (Linn.) Qu61. (Lenzites) 613, 
 
 617 
 quercina (Pers.) Cke. (Peniophora) 
 
 683, 696, 697 
 
 quercina Pers. (Thelephora) 696 
 quercina (Tremella) 730 
 quercinum (Pera.) Fr. (Corticium) 683, 
 
 696 
 
 quercinum Fr. (Radulum) 640, 641 
 quercinum Potter (Stereum) 663 
 quercinus (Schrad.) Fr. (Polyporus) 
 
 584 
 
 quietus Fr. (Lactarius) 488 
 quinquepartitum Fr. (Tricholoma) 216 
 quisquiliaris Fr. (Pistillaria) 723 
 
 racemosa (Pers.) Fr. ( Colly bia) 334 
 radians (Desm.) Fr. (Coprinus) 507 
 radiata Fr. (Phlebia) 625 
 radiata Fr. (Phlebia) 624 
 radiatus (Bolt.) Fr. (Coprinus) 512 
 radiatus (Sow.) FT. (Polyporus) 586 
 radicans (Krombh.) Massee (Boletus) 
 
 563 
 
 radicans Pers. (Boletus) 569 
 radicans (Pers.) FT. (Boletus) 564 
 radicata (Relh.) Berk. (Collybia) 326 
 radicata (A. & S.) Fr. (Ditiola) 742 
 radicatum Cke. (Hebeloma) 258 
 radicatum (Cke.) Maire (Hebeloma) 
 
 258 
 
 radicosa (BuU.) Fr. (Pholiota) 115 
 radicosus (B. & Br.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 
 
 543 
 radiosum Fr. (Corticium) 673 
 
 502
 
 788 
 
 INDEX 
 
 radiosum ( Fr. ) Rea ( Corticium ) 683, 685 
 radula (Pens.) Fr. (Poria) 602 
 Radulum Fr. 13, 639 
 raeborhiza (Lasch) Gill. (Mycena) 380 
 Ralfsii B. & Br. (Crepidotus) 456 
 ramealis (Bull.) Fr. (Marasmius) 527 
 ramentacea (Bull.) Fr. (Armillaria) 
 
 107, 224 
 
 ramentacea B. & Br. (Poria) 604 
 ramentaceum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 107, 224 
 
 ramosus Schulz. (Cantharellus) 542 
 ramosus (BuU.) Quel. (Polyporus) 581 
 rancida Fr. (Collybia) 339 
 rancida Bres. (Poria) 603 
 rapaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 138 
 raphanoides (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 167 
 
 ravida Fr. (Galera) 411 
 ravidus Fr. (Polystictus) 610 
 Reaae Maire (Leptonia) 344 
 Reai Maire (Hygrophorus) 305 
 receptacles x 
 
 recisa (Ditm.) Fr. (Exidia) 734 
 recisa Ditm. (Tremella) 734 
 recolligens (Lycoperdon) 42 
 recutita Fr. (Amanita) 99 
 redimitus Fr. (Cortinarius) 158 
 reducta Fr. (Naucoria) 358 
 Reedii Berk. (Cortinarius) 190 
 reflexa (Schaefif.) Fr. (Pholiota) 118 
 regalis Fr. (Amanita) 100 
 regius Krombh. (Boletus) 566 
 rdicina (Fr.) Schroet. (Astrosporina) 
 
 203 
 
 relicina Fr. (Inocybe) 203 
 Renati Quel. (Mycena) 378 
 renidens Fr. (Cortinarius) 187 
 renifonnis Fr. (Pleurotus) 448 
 Rennyi (B. & Br.) Rea (Astrosporina) 
 
 212 
 
 Rennyi B. & Br. (Inocybe) 212 
 Rennyi B. & Br. (Poria) 605 
 repandum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 244 
 repandum (Hydnum) 631 
 repandum (Linn.) Fr. (Hydnum) 630 
 repens Fr. (Collybia) 328 
 replexus Fr. (Cantharellus) 545 
 resinaceum Boud. (Ganoderma) 598 
 resinaceum Boud. (Ganoderma) 596 
 resinaceus (Trog) Quel. (Lentinus) 538 
 resinosus (Schrad.) Quel. (Polyporus) 
 
 597 
 
 resplendens Fr. (Tricholoma) 216 
 resupinata (Bolt.) W. G. Sm. (Poria) 
 
 606 
 
 resupinatus Bolt. (Boletus) 595 
 resupinatus Sow. (Boletus) 619 
 resupinatus (Bolt.) Massee (Fomes) 
 
 596, 606 
 
 resutum Fr. (Entoloma) 248 
 reticulata (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 607 
 reticulatus (Schaeff.) Boud. (Boletus) 
 
 567 
 
 reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteolus) 63 
 reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteolus) 63 
 reticulatus Cke. (Pluteus) 62, 443 
 reticulatus Fr. (Polyporus) 607 
 retigera Bres. (Collybia) 327 
 retigera Bres. (Collybia) 340 
 retirugis Fr. (Panaeolus) 370 
 retirugus (Bull.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 546, 
 
 547 
 retirugus (Bull.) Quel. (Dictyolus) 546, 
 
 547 
 
 retisporus Massee (Lactarius) 492 
 retosta Fr. (Omphalia) 430 
 revolutus Cke. (Paxillus) 551 
 revolutus Kickx (Pleurotus) 446 
 revolutus Kickx (Pleurotus) 446 
 rhacodes (Vitt.) Fr. (Lepiota) 65 
 Rhlzopogon Fr. 4, 29 
 rhodella Fr. (Poria) 601 
 rhodellus Fr. (Polyporus) 605 
 rhodiola Bres. (Inocybe) 205 
 rhodocalix (Eccilia) 436 
 rhodocylix (Lasch) Fr. (Eccilia) 436 
 Rhododendri Cramer (Exobasidium) 
 
 725 
 
 rhodopolium Fr. (Entoloma) 250 
 rhodospora Br. & W. G. Sm. (Nolanea) 
 
 406 
 rhodoxanthus (Schwein.) Bres. (Phyllo- 
 
 porus) 551 
 
 Ribis (Schum.) Fr. (Fomes) 594 
 riculatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 160 
 Riederi (Weinm.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 136 
 rigens (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 189 
 rigens Pers. (Pluteus) 57 
 rigidus (Scop.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 180 
 rimosa (Bull.) Fr. (Inocybe) 195 
 rimosa Cke. (Peniophora) 693, 697 
 rimososquamosus Cke. (Coprinus) 502 
 rimulincola (Lasch) Rabenh. (Nau- 
 coria) 351 
 ring* 
 
 rivulosa (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 
 rivulosus (Bull.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 498 
 roburneus (Fr.) Lloyd (Fomes) 593 
 robusta A. & S. (Armillaria) 106 
 robusta (A. & S.) Fr. (Armillaria) 106 
 robustior Cke. (Cortinarius) 170 
 robustum Cke. (Tricholoma) 230 
 robustus Karst. (Fomes) 593 
 Romellii Maire (Russula) 470 
 rorida Fr. (Mycena) 398 
 rosacea (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 467 
 rosea (Dalman) Fr. (Clavaria) 714 
 rosea Rea (Lepiota) 76 
 rosea (Pers.) Sacc. (Mycena) 376
 
 INDEX 
 
 789 
 
 rosea (Schaeff.) Quel. (Russula) 476 
 roseipes Massee (Hygrophorus) 300 
 roseipes (Seer.) Bres. (Russula) 472 
 rosella Fr. (Mycena) 376 
 roseoalbus Fr. (Pluteus) 61 
 roseocremeum Bres. (Corticium) 684 
 roseogriseus Wakef. & Pears. (Hypo- 
 
 chnus) 657 
 
 roseolum Massee (Corticium) 673, 683 
 roseotinctus Rea (Coprinus) 505 
 roseozonatus Fr. (Lactarius) 484 
 roseum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 673, 683 
 roseum Cke. (Entoloma) 244 
 roseum Maire (Entoloma) 248 
 roseus (A. & S.) Fr. (Fomes) 596 
 roseus (A. & S.) Fr. (Fomes) 596 
 roseus (Fr.) Quel. (Gomphidius) 324 
 Rostkovii Fr. (Boletus) 564 
 Rostkovii Fr. (Polyporus) 580 
 rotula (Scop.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 531 
 rotula (Scop.) Fr. (Marasmius) 531 
 Roumeguerii Bres. (Corticium) 683, 693 
 Rozei Quel. (Entoloma) 247 
 Rozites Karst. 7, 111 
 rubella Quel. (Mycena) 378 
 rubella Gillet (Pratella) 90 
 rubella Gillet (Psaliota) 90 
 rubellus Cke. (Cortinarius) 175 
 rubellus McWeeney (Gyrodon) 557 
 rubens (Scop.) Quel. (Amanita) 104 
 ruber (Mich.) Pers. (Clathrus) 21 
 rubescens (Pers.) FT. (Amanita) 104 
 rubescens Cke. (CoUybia) 332 
 rubescens (Bres.) Bataille (Lactarius) 
 
 495 
 
 rubescens Pers. (Limacium) 293 
 rubescens Tul. (Rhizopogon) 29 
 rubescens (A. & S.) Fr. (Trametes) 614 
 rubescens (A. & S.) Fr. (Trametes) 614 
 Rubi Berk. (Crepidotus) 361, 456 
 rubicundula Rea (Flammula) 318 
 rubicundus Rene Maire (Boletus) 572 
 rubida Berk. (Nolanea) 406 
 rubiformis Fr. (Naematelia) 733 
 rubiformis (Fr.) Quel. (Tremella) 733 
 rubiginosa (Pers.) Fr. (Galera) 410 
 rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lev. (Hymeno- 
 
 chaete) 667 
 rubiginosum (Schrad.) Fr. (Stereum) 
 
 667 
 
 rubiginosus Fr. (Boletus) 569 
 rubinus W. G. Sm. (Boletus) 564 
 rubra La Billard (Aseroe) 22 
 rubra Rea (Inocybe) 202 
 rubra Cke. (Russula) 469 
 rubra (Krombh.) Bres. (Russula) 467 
 rubricata B. & Br. (Naucoria) 351, 526 
 rubricatus (B. & Br.) Massee (Maras- 
 mius) 351, 526 
 rubriceps Cke. & Massee (Chitonia) 97 
 
 rubriceps (Cke. & Massee) Rea 
 
 (Clarkeinda) 97 
 
 rubromarginata Fr. (Mycena) 375 
 rudis Fr. (Panus) 535 
 rufa (Batt.) Quel. (Armillaria) 106 
 rufa (Batt.) Quel. (Armillaria) 106 
 rufa Fl. Dan. (Clavaria) 714 
 rufa (Guepinia) 733 
 rufa (Pers.) Fr. (Hypocrea) 732, 745 
 rufa Pat. (Inocybe) 200 
 rufa (Schrad.) Fr. (Poria) 601 
 rufescens (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clavaria) 710 
 rufescens Pers. (Geaster) 43 
 rufescens (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 631 
 rufescens B. & Br. (Lepiota) 75 
 rufescens Fr. (Polyporus) 582, 617 
 rufescens Berk. (Psaliota) 87 
 rufidula Kalchbr. (Pholiota) 124 
 rufipes Gillet (Cantharellus) 542 
 rufipes Massee &W. G. Sm. (Pleurotus) 
 
 448 
 
 rufocarnea Berk. (Nolanea) 404 
 rufohispidum Stev. (Stereum) 668 
 rufomarginatum (Pers.) Quel. (Stereum) 
 
 667 
 
 rufo-olivaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 143 
 rufopallidus Trog (Polyporus) 596 
 rufulus B. & Br. (Agaricus) 428 
 rufum Engl. Auth. (Stereum) 739 
 rufum Fr. (Stereum) 667 
 rufus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Boletus) 572 
 rufus (Jacq.) Bref. (Gyrocephalus) 733 
 rufus (Scop.) Fr. (Lactarius) 490 
 rufus (Pers.) Fr. (Merulius) 621 
 rugosa (Bull.) Fr. (Clavaria) 706 
 rugosa (Bull.) Fr. (Clavaria) 707, 719 
 rugosa Fr. (Mycena) 383 
 rugosa Fr. (Mycena) 332 
 
 culum Berk. & Curt. (Stereum) 
 
 rugosum (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 663 
 rugosus Fr. (Boletus) 573 
 rusiophylla (Lasch) Fr. (Psaliota) 91 
 russocoriaceus Berk. & Miller (Hygro- 
 phorus) 300 
 Russula Fr. 8, 457 
 russula (Schaeff.) Quel. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 219, 247, 293 
 russula (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 219, 293 
 
 russus Fr. (Cortinarius) 137 
 rustica Fr. (Omphalia) 427 
 Ruthae B & Br. (Pleurotus) 444 
 rutilans (Pers.) Quel. (Cytidia) 683, 
 
 698 
 
 rutilans (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585 
 rutilans (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585 
 rutilans (Schaeff. ) Fr. (Tricholoma) 219 
 rutilans (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 219 
 rutilus Fr. (Boletus) 561 
 
 \\
 
 790 
 
 INDEX 
 
 sabuletomm (B. & Curt.) Rea (Astro- 
 
 sporina) 207, 212 
 
 sabuletorum B. & Curt. (Inocybe) 212 
 saccatum (Vahl.) Fr. (Lycoperdon) 31 
 saccatus Fr. (Geaster) 42 
 saccharifera B. & Br. (Mycena) 399 
 saccharina Fr. (Exidia) 735 
 saccharina (Fr.) Bref. (Ulocolla) 735 
 saccharinus (Batsch) Rea (Andro- 
 
 saceus) 533 
 saccharinus (Batsch) Fr. (Marasmius) 
 
 533 
 
 sacchariolens Quel. (Hebeloma) 259 
 Sadleri B. & Br. (Clitocybe) 290 
 saepiaria (Wulf.) Fr. (Lenzites) 613 
 saevum Gillet (Tricholoma) 237 
 sagata Fr. (Psaliota) 91 
 saginus Fr. (Cortinarius) 137 
 Sahleri Quel. (Galera) 412 
 salicicola Fr. (Flammula) 319 
 salicicola FT. (Flammula) 320 
 salicinum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 698 
 salicinus (Pers.) Fr. (Fomes) 593 
 salicinus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 59 
 saligna Fr. (Daedalea) 583, 618 
 salignus (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 446 
 salignus Fr. (Polyporus) 583, 618 
 salor Fr. (Cortinarius) 151 
 Sambuci (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 677, 
 
 697 
 
 Sambuci Pers. (Thelephora) 677 
 sambucina FT. (Inocybe) 196 
 sanguifluus (Paul.) Fr. (Lactarius) 488 
 sanguinea (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 
 
 683, 690 
 
 sanguinea (Bull.) Fr. (Russula) 466 
 sanguineum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 690 
 sanguineus Pers. (Boletus) 571 
 sanguineus (With.) Quel. (Boletus) 562 
 sanguineus (Wulf.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 
 
 164 
 sanguinolenta (A. & S.) Fr. (Mycena) 
 
 394 
 
 sanguinolenta (A. & S.) Fr. (Poria) 604 
 sanguinolenta A. & S. (Thelephora) 663 
 sanguinolentum (A. & S.) Fr. (Stereum) 
 
 663 
 
 saniosus FT. (Cortinarius) 192 
 sapidus Schulz. (Pleurotus) 444 
 sapinea Fr. (Flammula) 321 
 saponaceum Fr. (Tricholoma) 227 
 Saprophytes x, xi, 1, 16, 21, 725, 726 
 sarcocephala (Fr.) Quel. (Psathyra) 
 
 361, 413 
 
 sarcocephala Fr. (Psilocybe) 361, 413 
 sarcoides (Jacq.) Tul. (Coryne) 732 
 sarcoides Sm. (Tremella) 732 
 sardonia (Fr.) Bres. (Russula) 469 
 Samicus Massee (Clitopilus) 312 
 satanas Lenz (Boletus) 571 
 
 saturninus Fr. (Cortinarius) 184 
 saturninus Fr. (Cortinarius) 185 
 Saundersii Fr. (Entoloma) 247 
 scabella (Fr.) Schroet. (Astrosporhia) 
 
 211 
 
 scabella (Fr.) Bres. (Inocybe) 202, 207 
 scabella (Fr.) Quel. (Inocybe) 211 
 scabdlus (A. & S.) Quel. (Marasmius) 
 
 533, 534 
 
 scaber (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 573 
 scaber (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 573 
 scabra (Muller) Fr. (Inocybe) 194 
 scabrosum Fr. (Hydnum) 632 
 scalpturatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 222 
 scalpturatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 223 
 scamba Fr. (Flammula) 323 
 scambus (Fr.) Quel. (Paxillus) 323 
 scandens Fr. (Cortinarius) 190 
 scaurus Fr. (Cortinarius) 144 
 Schaefferi Fr. (Cortinarius) 177 
 Schaefferi B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 261 
 Schiedermayeri Heufl. (Hydnum) 636 
 schista Cke. & Sm. (Inocybe) 207 
 Schizophyllum Fr. 8, 452 
 Schmideli Vitt. (Geaster) 40 
 Schroeteri Karst. (Coprinus) 517 
 Schulzeria Bres. 6, 55 
 Schumacher) Fr. (Tricholoma) 234 
 Schweinitzii Fr. (Polyporus) 582 
 Schweinitzii Fr. (Polyporus) 582 
 sciophanoides Rea (Hygrophorus) 303 
 sciophanus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 303 
 sciophanus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 303 
 sciophyllus Fr. (Cortinarius) 185 
 sciophyllus (Fr.) Quel. (Cortinarius) 
 
 185 
 
 scitula Massee (Anellaria) 92 
 scitulus Massee (Panaeolus) 92 
 Scleroderma Pers. 5, 48 
 Sclerodermataceae 3, 5, 47 
 
 SCLERODERMINEAE 3, 47 
 
 sclerotia xi 
 
 sclerotipes Bres. (Marasmius) 528 
 scobicola B. & Br. (Psilocybe) 364 
 scobinacea (Fr.) Rick. (Hypholoma) 
 
 130 
 
 scobinacea FT. (Stropharia) 130 
 scobinella Fr. (Lepiota) 72 
 scolecina Fr. (Naucoria) 353 
 scorodonius Fr. (Marasmius) 529 
 scorteus FT. (Marasmius) 520 
 scorzonerea (Batsch) Fr. (Collybia) 330 
 scotica Massee (Peniophora) 692, 697 
 scoticus B. & Br. (Lactarius) 487 
 scoticus B. & Br. (Lentinus) 539 
 scrobiculatum Fr. (Hydnum) 635 
 scrobiculatus (Scop.) Fr. (Lactarius) 
 
 479 
 scutellare Berk. & Curt. (Corticium)
 
 INDEX 
 
 791 
 
 scutulatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 171 
 scyphiformis Fr. (Omphalia) 427 
 scyphiformis (Omphalia) 424 
 scyphoides Fr. (Omphalia) 424 
 sebacea (Thelephora) 737 
 sebacea (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 737 
 sebaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 134 
 sebaceus B. & Br. (Dacryomyces) 742 
 Sebacina Tul. 14, 18, 737 
 secemibilis B. & Br. (Poria) 602 
 Secretanii Rabenh. (Amanita) 99 
 sejunctum (Sow.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 215 
 scmibulbosus Lasch (Pluteus) 97 
 semibulbosus (Lasch) Fr. (Pluteus) 60 
 semicrema Fr. (Russula) 459 
 semiflexa B. & Br. (Naucoria) 351 
 eemiglobata (Batsch) Fr. (Stropharia) 
 
 129 
 
 semilanceata Fr. (Psilocybe) 366 
 seminuda (Lasch) Fr. (Lepiota) 78 
 semiorbicularis (Bull.) Fr. (Naucoria) 
 
 356 
 semiorbicularis (Bull.) Fr. (Naucoria) 
 
 356 
 
 semisanguineus (Brig.) Maire (Cortin- 
 arius) 164 
 
 semitalis Fr. (Collybia) 329 
 semitalis Fr. (Collybia) 328 
 semitincta Phill. (Psathyra) 416 
 semivestita B. & Br. (Psathyra) 269, 
 
 417 
 semivestitum (B. & Br.) Quel. (Hypho- 
 
 loma) 269, 617 
 
 senescens Batsch (Hebeloma) 253 
 senescens (Batsch) B. & Br. (Hebeloma) 
 
 254 
 
 senilis FT. (Clitocybe) 284 
 separata (Linn.) Karst. (Anellaria) 91 
 separatus (Linn.) Fr. (Panaeolus) 91 
 septicus Fr. (Pleurotus) 449 
 sepulta (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 650 
 sepultum B. & Br. (Hydnum) 650 
 serarius Fr. (Cortinarius) 145 
 serena Fr. (Lepiota) 75 
 seriate Fr. (Corticium) 680 
 sericella (Fr.) Quel. (Leptonia) 249, 
 
 346 
 
 sericdlum Fr. (Entoloma) 249, 346 
 sericeomollis Romell (Poria) 602 
 sericeum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 251 
 serifluus (DC.) Fr. (Lactarius) 494 
 serotina Quel. (Russula) 462 
 serotinum (Bon.) Hollos (Lycoperdon) 
 
 35 
 
 serotinus (Schrad.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 447 
 serpens (Tode) Fr. (Merulius) 621 
 serpens Fr. (Trametes) 616 
 serrulata FT. (Leptonia) 345 
 serrulata (Pers.) Fr. (Leptonia) 345 
 serum (Pers.) Quel. (Corticium) 677 
 
 sessilis Sow. (Peziza) 700 
 setigera Fr. (Kneiffia) 650, 692 
 setigera Bres. (Peniophora) 649 
 setigera (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 650, 
 
 setigera Fr. (Psaliota) 90 
 setigerum (Fr.) Karst. (Corticium) 692 
 setipes Fr. (Omphalia) 433 
 setosa (Sow.) Fr. (Mycena) 400 
 setosa (Sow.) Quel. (Mycena) 399 
 setosum (Pers.) Bres. (Hydnum) 636 
 Seynii Quel. (Mycena) 377 
 sideroides (Bull.) Fr. (Naucoria) 354 
 silaceum (Pers.) Fr. (Hypholoma) 260 
 siliginea Fr. (Galera) 408 
 siliginea Fr. (Galera) 408 
 similis Boud. & Pat. (Clavaria) 715 
 similis B. & Br. (Coprinus) 503 
 simillima Karst. (Mycena) 384 
 simillima Karst. (Mycena) 383 
 sinapizans (Paul.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 257 
 sindonia Fr. (Inocybe) 197 
 sinopica Fr. (Clitocybe) 282 
 sinuatum Fr. (Entoloma) 243 
 sinuosa Fr. (Poria) 606 
 sinuosa (Fr.) Quel. (Trametes) 606, 616 
 sinuosum Fr. (Hebeloma) 253 
 sinuosum Fr. (Hebeloma) 254 
 sinuosus Fr. (Craterellus) 546 
 sinuosus Fr. (Polyporus) 616 
 siparia Fr. (Naucoria) 359 
 Sistotrema (Pers.) FT. 11, 591 
 sistotrema Fr. (Gyrodon) 557 
 sistrata Fr. (Lepiota) 78 
 Smithii Massee (Clitopilus) 312, 436 
 Smithii (Massee)W. G. Sm. (Eccilia)436 
 Smithii Lloyd (Geaster) 41 
 Smithii Massee (Psathyrella) 421 
 soboliferus (Fr.) Rea (Coprinus) 502 
 sobria FT. (Naucoria) 359 
 socialis Fr. (Clitocybe) 272 
 sociatus FT. (Coprinus) 516 
 Solani Burt (Corticium) 678 
 Solani PriU. & Del. (Corticium) 678 
 Solani Prill. & Del. (Hypochnus) 678 
 Solani Kiihn (Rhizoctonia) 678 
 Solenia (Hoffm.) 15, 701 
 solitaria Bull. (Amanita) 102 
 solitaria (Bull.) Fr. (Amanita) 101 
 solstitialis Fr. (Leptonia) 345 
 sordidum Weinm. (Hydnum) 624, 638 
 sordidum (Schum.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 242 
 
 sordidus Fr. (Tricholoma) 238 
 sororia Karst. (Pholiota) 123 
 sororia (Larb.).Cke. (Russula) 465 
 sororia (Larb.) FT. (Russula) 465 
 sororiatus Karst. (Pluteus) 57 
 Sowerbeii (B. & Br.) Massee (Stereum) 
 
 661
 
 792 
 
 INDEX 
 
 Sowerbeii B. & Br. (Thelephora) 661 
 Sowerbeji (B. & Br.) Pat. (Podoscypha) 
 
 661 
 spadicea (Fr.) Quel. (Psathyra) 367, 
 
 413 
 
 spadicea Fr. (Psilocybe) 367, 413 
 spadicea Fr. (Psilocybe) 268 
 spadiceogrisea (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psa- 
 thyra) 369, 415 
 
 spadiceogrisea (Schaeff.) Boud. (Psilo- 
 cybe) 246, 369, 415 
 spadiceum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 36 
 spadiceum Fr. (Stereum) 663 
 spadiceum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Sclero- 
 
 derma) 49 
 
 spadiceus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Boletus) 564 
 spadiceus (Scop.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 308 
 
 Sparassis Fr. 14, 660 
 spartea Fr. (Galera) 409 
 spathulata (Schwein.) Rea (Odontia) 
 
 638, 648 
 spathulatum (Schwein.) Fr. (Hydnum) 
 
 638, 648 
 
 spathulatus (Schrad.) Fr. (Irpex) 611 
 spawn ix 
 
 speciosa Fr. (Volvaria) 95 
 speciosa Fr. (Volvaria) 95, 96 
 spectabilis Fr. (Pholiota) 119 
 spectabilis Fr. (Pholiota) 111 
 speculum Fr. (Entoloma) 252 
 Spegazzinii Karst. (Coprinus) 513 
 speirea Fr. (Mycena) 393 
 speirea Fr. (Mycena) 432 
 speirea (Fr.) Quel. (Omphalia) 393, 432 
 spermaticum Paul. (Hypophyllum) 221 
 spennaticum (Paul.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 216 
 
 sphaerobasis v. Post (Galera) 407 
 Sphaerobolaceae 3, 5, 54 
 Sphaerobolus (Tode) Pers. 5, 54 
 sphaerocephalus Barla (Boletus) 558 
 sphaerospora von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 
 (Peniophora) 689 
 sphaerosporum (R. Maire) von Hoehn. 
 
 & Litsch. (Corticium) 658, 683 
 sphaerosporus Pat. (Claudopus) 453 
 sphaerosporus Rea (Hygrophorus) 305 
 sphaerosporus R. Maire (Hypochnus) 
 
 658, 683 
 
 sphagneti Fr. (Lactarius) 495 
 sphagnicola Berk. (Omphalia) 426 
 sphagnicola Berk. (Omphalia) 426 
 sphagnorum (Pers.) Fr. (Galera) 411 
 sphaleromorpha (Bull.) Fr. (Pholiota) 
 
 114 
 
 sphinctrinus Fr. (Panaeolus) 371 
 spicula Fr. (Galera) 409 
 spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire 
 
 (Phylacteria) 654 
 
 spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire 
 
 (Phylacteria) 653, 657 
 spiculosa (Fr.) Burt (Thelephora) 654 
 spilomaeolus Fr. (Paxillus) 550 
 spilomeus Fr. (Cortinarius) 163 
 spilopus B. & Br. (Pluteus) 60 
 spinosulus Quel. (Lactarius) 493 
 spintrigera Fr. (Stropharia) 131 
 spinulosa (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 711 
 spinulosa Stev. & Sm. (Clitocybe) 283 
 spinulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Burt. 
 
 (Eichleriella) 641, 667, 739 
 spinvlosum Berk. & Curt. (Radulum) 
 
 739 
 
 spiripes (Swartz) Sacc. (Mycena) 377 
 spissa Fr. (Amanita) 103 
 splachnoides (Hornem.) Rea (Andro- 
 
 saceus) 531 
 splachnoides (Hornem.) Fr. (Maras- 
 
 mius) 531 
 
 splendens (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 283 
 spodoleucus B. & Br. (Marasmius) 
 
 530 
 
 spodopileus Sacc. (Pluteus) 60 
 spongia Fr. (Polyporus) 582 
 spongiosus Fr. (Pleurotus) 442 
 sporidiola ix, xi 
 
 Spraguei Berk. & Curt. (Coprinus) 512 
 spumeus (Sow.) Fr. (Polyporus) 590 
 spumosa Fr. (Flammula) 316 
 squalens Fr. (Psilocybe) 368 
 squalidus (Krombh.) Fr. (Lactarius) 
 
 485 
 
 squalidus Fr. (Merulius) 623 
 squalinum Fr. (Hydnum) 637 
 squamosa (Pers.) Fr. (Stropharia) 128 
 squamosum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hydnum) 
 
 632 
 
 squamosum Cke. (Hypholoma) 261 
 squamosum Cke. (Tricholoma) 227 
 squamosus Morgan (Coprinus) 501 
 squamosus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Lentinus) 
 
 537 
 squamosus (Huds.) Fr. (Polyporus) 
 
 579 
 
 squamulosa Massee (Stropharia) 126 
 squamulosus Rea (Hygrophorus) 295 
 squarrosa Rea (Inocybe) 204 
 squarrosa (Mull.) Fr. (Pholiota) 117 
 squarrulosum Bres. (Tricholoma) 225 
 stabularis Fr. (Coniophora) 627 
 stagnina (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 439 
 stagnina Fr. (Tubaria) 439 
 stannea Fr. (Mycena) 389 
 stans Fr. (Tricholoma) 218 
 staurospora Bres. (Nolanea) 401 
 stellaris Quel. (Coprinus) 514 
 stellata Fr. (Omphalia) 431 
 stellatus (Tode) Pers. (Sphaerobolus) 
 
 54
 
 INDEX 
 
 793 
 
 stdlatus (Tode) Pers. (Sphaerobolus)54 
 stemmatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 180 
 stenodon (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (Acia) 
 
 638, 642 
 stenospora Bourd. & Galz. (Cyphella) 
 
 700 
 
 Stephensii Berk. (Marasmius) 521 
 Stephensii (Berk.) Tul. (Octaviania) 28 
 stercoraria Pr. (Stropharia) 129 
 stercorarius Fr. (Coprinus) 513 
 stercorarius Fr. (Coprinus) 513 
 stereoides Fr. (Polyporus) 609 
 stereoides Fr. (Polystictus) 609 
 stereoides Fr. (Polystictus) 616 
 Stereum (Pers.) Massee 14, 661, 667 
 sterigmata ix 
 
 sterquilinus Fr. (Coprinus) 500 
 Stevensonii B. & Br. (Cantharellus) 
 
 545 
 
 Stevensonii B. & Br. (Collybia) 335 
 Stevensonii B. & Br. (Hydnum) 638, 
 
 647 
 Stevensonii B. & Br. (Hymenochaete) 
 
 668 
 Stevensonii (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 
 
 638, 647 
 
 Stevensonii B. & Br. (Panus) 536 
 Stevensonii B. & Br. (Porothelium) 
 
 645, 703 
 
 stilbocephalus Berk. (Clitopilus) 312 
 stilbocephalus B. & Br. (Clitopilus) 312 
 Stilbum (Tode) Juel 17, 728 
 stillatitius Fr. (Cortinarius) 152 
 stillatus (Nees) Fr. (Dacryomyces) 741 
 stipata (Fr.) Quel. (Odontia) 638,646 
 stipatum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 646 
 stipitaria Fr. (Collybia) 333, 534 
 stipitarius (Fr.) Pat. (Crinipellis) 333, 
 
 534 
 
 stipticus (Bull.) Fr. (Panus) 535 
 stipticus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 590 
 stolonifera Jungh. (Collybia) 337, 521 
 stored Fr. (Hypholoma) 264 
 straminea Cotton (Clavaria) 716 
 stramineum Bres. (Gloeocystidium)684 
 straminipes Massee (Clitopilus) 313 
 strangulata (Fr.) Roze (Amanitopsis) 
 
 93 
 
 stratosum B. & Br. (Stereum) 666 
 striaepes (Seer.) Quel. (Boletus) 563 
 striaepes Cke. (Naucoria) 353 
 striaepilea Fr. (Omphalia) 425 
 striata (Hoffm.) Fr. (Calocera) 745 
 striata (Clavaria) 745 
 striata (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 717 
 striatulus (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 452 
 striatulus Fr. (Pleurotus) 452 
 striatum (SchaefE.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 
 
 218 
 striatus (Huds.) Pers. (Cyathus) 46 
 
 striatus DC. (Geaster) 41 
 stricta Fr. (Calocera) 745 
 stricta (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713 
 stricta (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 709 
 stridula Fr. (Collybia) 331 
 strigiceps Fr. (Flammula) 207, 323 
 strigiceps Fr. (Inocybe) 207 
 strigosissima Rea (Nolanea) 402 
 strigosum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Corti- 
 
 cium) 682 
 
 strobilaceus (Scop.) Fr. (Boletus) 556 
 strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk. (Strobilo- 
 
 myces) 556 
 
 strobiliformis Fr. (Amanita) 102 
 strobiliformis (Paul.) Quel. (Amanita) 
 
 101 
 
 strobiliformis Vitt. (Amanita) 101 
 strobilina Fr. (Mycena) 376 
 Strobilomyces Berk. 10, 555 
 stroma xi 
 
 Stropharia Fr. 7, 124 
 strophosum Fr. (Hebeloma) 256 
 stuppea B. & Br. (Cyphella) 699 
 stylobates (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 398 
 suaveolens Bull. (Boletus) 614 
 suaveolens ( Schum. ) Fr. ( Clitocybe ) 287 
 suaveolens (Schum. ) Fr. (Clitocybe) 289 
 suaveolens Rea (Marasmius) 523 
 suaveolens Rea (Marasmius) 523 
 suaveolens (Linn.) Fr. (Trametes) 615 
 suavis (Lasch) Fr. (Leptonia) 347 
 subalutacea (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 
 
 273 
 
 subalutacea Fr. (Clitocybe) 274 
 subalutacea (Karst.) von Hoehn. & 
 
 Litsch. (Peniophora) 683, 688 
 subalutaceum Karst. (Corticium) 683, 
 
 688 
 
 subannulata Batsch (Armillaria) 106 
 subatrata (Batsch) Fr. (Psathyrella) 
 
 419 
 
 subbalteatus B. & Br. (Panaeolus) 372 
 subcava Schum. (Armillaria) 75 
 subcava (Schum.) Fr. (Armillaria) 110 
 subcollariatum B. & Br. (Hebeloma) 
 
 256 
 subcoronatum von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 
 (Corticium) 679 
 subcostatum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Corticium) 639, 674 
 subcostatum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Corticium) 664 
 
 subcostatum Karst. (Stereum) 674 
 subcostatum (Karst.) Massee (Stereum) 
 
 664 
 subdealbata (B. & Br.) Massee (Conio- 
 
 phora) 627, 683 
 
 subdealbatum B. & Br. (Corticium) 683 
 subdecastes Cke. & Massee (Clitocybe) 
 
 277
 
 794 
 
 INDEX 
 
 subdulcis (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 494 
 subericaea Fr. (Psilocybe) 362 
 subferrugineus (Batsch) FT. (Cortinar- 
 ius) 182 
 
 subfoetens W. G. Sm. (Russula) 466 
 subfuscoflavida {Rostk. ) Massee (Poria) 
 
 606 
 
 subfuscoflavidus Rostk. (Polyporus) 606 
 subfuscus Karst. (Hypochnus) 655 
 subgelatinosa B. & Br. (Kneiffia) 650 
 subgelatinosa B. & Br. (Poria) 607 
 subgibbosa Fr. (Psaliota) 90 
 subglobosa (A. & S.) Fr. (Naucoria) 
 
 349 
 subglobosa (A. & S.) Cke. (Nolanea) 
 
 404 
 subhepatica (Batsch) Sacc. (Omphalia) 
 
 428 
 subinvoluta W. G. Sm. (Clitocybe) 
 
 282, 283 
 
 subinvolutus Batsch (Agaricus) 282 
 subinvolutus (Batsch) W. G. Sm. 
 
 (Paxillus) 282, 551 
 
 sublanatus (Sow.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 159 
 sublateritia Schaeff. (Flammuloides) 
 
 260 
 sublateritium (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hypho- 
 
 loma) 261 
 
 sublutea (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Pholiota) 122 
 sublutescens Henn. (Leptonia) 347 
 submarasmioides Speg. (Lepiota) 79 
 submutabile von Hoehn. & Litsch. 
 
 (Corticium) 658, 683 
 submutabilis (von Hoehn. & Litsch.) 
 
 Rea (Hypochnus) 658, 683 
 subnotatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 167 
 subpalmatus Fr. (Pleurotus) 443 
 subpulverulentum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricho- 
 loma) 242 
 
 subpurpurascens Fr. (Cortinarius) 141 
 subradiatus (Schum.) Fr. (Hygro- 
 
 phoms) 302 
 
 subramosus Bres. (Cantharellus) 544 
 subrimosa (Karst.) Sacc. (Inocybe) 
 
 207, 210 
 
 subrimosus Karst. (Clypeus) 210 
 subsaponaceum Karst. (Hebeloma) 257 
 subsquarrosa Fr. (Pholiota) 118 
 subtemulenta Lamb. (Naucoria) 358 
 subtile FT. (Hydnum) 638, 647 
 subtilis (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 708 
 subtomentosus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 
 
 563 
 subulata Bourd. & Galz. (Peniophora) 
 
 688 
 
 subulata Fr. (Pterula) 724 
 subumbonatus Lindgr. (Lactarius) 495 
 subumbonatus (Lindgr.) Quel (Lac- 
 tarius) 495 
 subvolvacea W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 87 
 
 succinea Fr. (Collybia) 336 
 succineus Fr. (Dacryomyces) 741 
 sudans (A. & S.) Fr. (Dacryobolus) 
 
 645 
 sudans (A. & S.) Bres. (Odontia) 645, 
 
 703 
 
 sudora Fr. (Mycena) 383 
 sudum Fr. (Tricholoma) 228 
 suffrutescens (Brot.) Fr. (Lentinus) 
 
 539 
 
 suillus Fr. (Cortinarius) 157 
 sulcatum Lindgr. (Hebeloma) 253 
 sulfurea (Pers.) Quel. (Coniophora) 
 
 628, 658 
 sulphurea (Weinm.) Fr. (Armillaria) 
 
 109 
 sulphurea (Fr.) Massee (Coniophora) 
 
 628 
 
 sulphurea Quel. (Daedalea) 592 
 sulphurea (Schwein.) Rea (Odontia) 
 
 638, 649 
 
 sulphureum Fr. (Corticium) 628, 676 
 sulphur eum (Pers.) Bres. (Corticium) 
 
 658, 682 
 sulphureum Schwein. (Hydnum) 638, 
 
 649 
 sulphureum (Quel.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Sistotrema) 592, 638 
 sulphureum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 229 
 
 sulphureus Fr. (Boletus) 562 
 sulphurous (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 581 
 sulphureus (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 582 
 sulphurinum Quel. (Tricholoma) 227 
 superba Massee (Flammula) 318 
 superba Jung. (Psathyra) 413 
 Swartzii Fr. (Omphalia) 433 
 sylvatica Schaeff. (Pratella) 89, 90 
 sylvatica (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psaliota) 89 
 sylvicola (Vitt.) FT. (Psaliota) 88 
 
 tabacina Sow. (Auricularia) 668 
 tabacina Cke. & Ellis (Grandinia) 655 
 tabacina (Sow.) Lev. (Hymenochaete) 
 
 668 
 
 tabacina (DC.) Fr. (Naucoria) 356 
 tabacinum (Sow.) Fr. (Stereum) 668 
 tabescens (Scop.) Rea (Armillaria) 110, 
 
 278 
 
 tabescens (Scop.) Rea (Armillaria) 313 
 tabescens (Scop.) Bres. (Clitocybe) 278 
 tabescens (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 110 
 tabidus Fr. (Lactarius) 496 
 tabularis (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 161 
 talus Fr. (Cortinarius) 139 
 talus Fr. (Cortinarius) 138 
 Tammii Fr. (Flammula) 314, 551 
 tardus Karst. (Coprinus) 508 
 Taylori Berk. (Volvaria) 95 
 Taylori Berk. (Volvaria) 94
 
 INDEX 
 
 795 
 
 tegularis (Schum.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 366 
 
 Telamonia Fr. 168 
 
 telmatiaea Berk. & Cke. (Omphalia) 
 
 425 
 
 temperata B. & Br. (Volvaria) 95 
 temulenta Fr. (Naucoria) 357 
 tenacella (Pers.) Fr. (Collybia) 337, 521 
 tenax Fr. (Naucoria) 357 
 tenella Fr. (Mycena) 393 
 tenella (Batsch) Sacc. (Mycena) 397 
 tener Berk. (Bolbitius) 499 
 tener Berk. (Hymenogaster) 27 
 tenera (Schaeff.) Fr. (Galera) 407 
 tenerrima Massee & Crossl. (Clavaria) 
 
 720 
 
 tenerrima Berk. (Mycena) 399 
 tenerrima Berk. (Mycena) 400 
 tenue Pat. (Corticium) 684 
 tenuiceps Cke. & Massee (Tricholoma) 
 
 226 
 
 tenuicula Karst. (Psathyra) 415 
 tenuipes Cke. & Massee (Boletus) 560 
 tenuipes B. & Br. (Clavaria) 719 
 tenuipes (B. & Br.) Massee (Pistillaria) 
 
 719 
 
 tennis (Clavaria) 722 
 tenuis (Bolt.) Fr. (Mycena) 390 
 tenuis (Sow.) Fr. (Typhula) 722 
 tephrocephala Fr. (Pleurotus) 444 
 tephroleucus Fr. (Polyporus) 590 
 tephrotrichus Fr. (Pleurotus) 441 
 terginus Fr. (Marasmius) 521 
 Terrei (B. & Br.) Cke. (Lactarius) 495 
 terrestris Sow. (Boletus) 604 
 terrestris Fr. (Flammula) 322 
 terrestris (Peck) Burt (Merulius) 623 
 terrestris Massee (Peniophora) 693, 697 
 terrestris (Ehrh.) Big. & Guill. 
 
 (Phylacteria) 653 
 terrestris (DC.) Fr. (Poria) 607 
 terrestris (A. & S.) W. G. Sm. (Sphaero- 
 
 bolus) 55 
 
 terrestris (Ehrh.) Fr. (Thelephora) 653 
 terreum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 223 
 
 Terreyi B. & Br. (Lepiota) 76 
 terrigena Fr. (Pholiota) 112 
 Terryi B. & Br. (Trametes) 616 
 tesquorum Fr. (Collybia) 342 
 tesselatum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 36 
 tessulatus (Bull.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 442 
 testaceum (Batsch) Fr. (Hebeloma) 
 
 254 
 
 testaceus Cke. (Cortinarius) 143 
 testaceus Fr. (Gomphidius) 325 
 theiogalus (Bull.) Quel. (Lactarius) 485 
 theiogalus (Fr.) Plowr. (Lactarius) 489 
 Thelebolus 55 
 Thelephora (Ehrh.) Fr. 13, 15, 18, 
 
 651, 661, 737 
 
 thelephora Cke. & Massee (Collybia) 
 
 335 
 
 Thelephoraceae 11, 14, 660 
 Thompsonii B. & Br. (Entoloma) 249 
 thrausta Kalchbr. (Stropharia) 128 
 thrausta (Kalchbr.) Cke. (Stropharia) 
 
 128 
 
 Thuretiana (Lev.) Fr. (Exidia) 735 
 Thwaitesii B. & Br. (Hymenogaster) 27 
 Thwaitesii B. & Br. (Hysterangium) 25 
 tigrinellus Boud. (Coprinus) 514 
 tigrinum Fr. (Tricholoma) 233 
 tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. (Lentinus) 537 
 tintinnabulum Fr. (Mycena) 385 
 titubans (Bull.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 498 
 togatus (Kalchbr.) Cost. & Duf. 
 
 (Phallus) 24 
 
 togularis (Bull.) Fr. (Pholiota) 113 
 Tomentella (Pers.) Pat. 13, 654 
 tomentella Bres. (Peniophora) 690 
 tomentosa (Jungh.) Quel. (Inocybe) 
 
 195 
 
 tomentosum Fr. (Radulum) 641 
 tomentosum Fr. (Radulum) 648 
 tomentosus Krombh. (Boletus) 564 
 tomentosus (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 505 
 tomentosus (Otto) Cke. (Lactarius) 491 
 tomentosus Fr. (Polyporus) 574 
 tophaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 157 
 torminosus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Lactarius) 
 
 479 
 
 tornata Fr. (Clitocybe) 276 
 tornata Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 
 torquatus Fr. (Marasmius) 529 
 torquescens Quel. (Marasmius) 523 
 torta Berk. (Tremella) 732, 741 
 tortilis (Bolt.) Boud. (Laccaria) 290 
 tortipes Massee (Entoloma) 252 
 tortuosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 184 
 tortus (Berk.) Massee (Dacryomyces) 
 
 732, 741 
 
 torulosus (Pers.) Fr. (Panus) 535 
 torvus Fr. (Cortinarius) 170 
 torvus Fr. (Cortinarius) 138 
 trabeus Fr. (Polyporus) 589 
 traganus Fr. (Cortinarius) 157 
 trama ix 
 
 Trametes Fr. 12, 613 
 transilvanica Schulz. (Annularia) 82 
 translucens B. & Br. (Typhula) 722 
 trechispora (Berk.) Rea (Astrosporina) 
 
 209 
 
 trechispora Berk. (Inocybe) 209 
 trechisporum Berk. (Hebeloma) 209 
 Tremella (Dill.) Fr. 18, 729 
 Tremellaceae 18, 729 
 TREMELLALES xi, 2, 18, 729 
 Tremellodon Pers. 18, 736 
 tremelloides Wakef. & Pears. (Tulas- 
 
 nella) 740
 
 796 
 
 INDEX 
 
 tremellosus (Schrad.) Fr. (Merulius) 
 
 620 
 
 tremulus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 448 
 trepida Fr. (Psathyrella) 420 
 Tricholoma Fr. 7, 214 
 tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. (Flammula) 
 
 207, 322 
 tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. (Inocybe) 207, 
 
 322 
 tricholoma (A. & S.) Quel. (Paxillus) 
 
 322, 323 
 
 triformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 177 
 trigonophylla (Lasch) Fr. (Tubaria) 
 
 438 
 
 trigonospermum Bres. (Corticium) 678 
 Trinii (Weinm.) Rea (Astrosporina) 
 
 211 
 
 Trinii (Weinm.) Bres. (Inocybe) 207 
 Trinii (Weinm.) Fr. (Inocybe) 211 
 triplex Jungh. (Geaster) 43 
 triscopa (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 355 
 triscopa Fr. (Naucoria) 355 
 triste Boud. (Entoloma) 245 
 triste (Scop.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 224 
 triste (Scop.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 223 
 triumphans Fr. (Cortinarius) 133 
 trivialis Fr. (Lactarius) 483 
 Trogia Fr. 12, 541, 625 
 Trogii Fr. (Clitocybe) 274 
 Trogii Berk. (Trametes) 614 
 trullaeformis (Fr.) B. & Br. (Clitocybe) 
 
 281 
 
 truncata Fr. (Exidia) 734 
 truncatum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 
 
 220, 258 
 
 truncatum (Schaeff.) Quel. (Tricho- 
 loma) 220, 258 
 truncorum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Coprinus) 
 
 506 
 
 tuba Fr. (Clitocybe) 285 
 tubaeformis Fr. (Cantharellus) 543 
 Tubaria W. G. Sm. 8, 437 
 tubarius Quel. (Polyporus) 576 
 tubercularia Berk. (Tremella) 732 
 tuberculata (Pholiota) 120 
 tuberculosa (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pholiota) 
 
 120 
 tuberculosa (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pholiota) 
 
 118 
 
 tuberosa (Sow.) Fr. (Calocera) 718, 745 
 tuberosa (Sow.) Berk. (Clavaria) 718 
 tuberosa (Bull.) Fr. (Collybia) 334 
 tuberosa (Grev.) Fr. (Thelephora) 662 
 tuberosum Grev. (Merisma) 662 
 tuberosum (Grev.) Massee (Stereum) 
 
 662 
 
 tuberosus (Agaricus) 334 
 tuberosus (Bull.) Quel. (Boletus) 571 
 tuberosus Quel. (Coprinus) 513 
 Tulasnella Schroet. 19, 739 
 
 TULASNELLACEAE 19, 739 
 
 TULASNELLALES xi, 2, 19, 739 
 Tulostoma Pers. 5, 52 
 Tulostomataceae 3, 5, 51 
 tumidum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 228 
 tumulosa (Kalchbr.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 
 
 279 
 
 tumulosus Kalchbr. (Agaricus) 279 
 turbinatus (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 142 
 Turci Bres. (Russula) 478 
 turgidus (Agaricus) 269 
 turgidus Fr. (Cortinarius) 154 
 turmalis Fr. (Cortinarius) 133 
 turpis (Weinm.) Fr. (Lactarius) 480, 
 
 486 
 
 turundus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 305 
 tylicolor Fr. (Collybia) 342 
 Tylopilus Karst. 9, 554 
 Typhae (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 671, 682 
 Typhae (Pers.) Pat. (Epithele) 671, 
 
 682 
 Typhula (Pers.) Fr. 16, 720 
 
 uda (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Acia) 638, 
 
 641 
 
 uda (Pers.) Quel. (Flammuloides) 363 
 uda von Hoehn. (Protodontia) 736 
 uda (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 363 
 udum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 641 
 Ulicis Plowr. (Ditiola) 742 
 uliginosa Fr. (Naucoria) 359 
 uliginosus Berk. (Cortinarius) 165 
 ulmarius (Sow.) Fr. (Fomes) 595 
 ulmarius (Bull.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 442 
 Ulocolla Bref. 735, 736 
 umbella (Paul.) Quel. (Amanita) 102 
 umbellatus Fr. (Lentinus) 539 
 umbella tus Fr. (Polyporus) 580 
 umbellifera (Schaeff.) Quel. (Mycena) 
 
 389 
 
 umbellifera (Linn.) Fr. (Omphalia) 429 
 umbellifera (Linn.) Fr. (Omphalia) 430 
 umbilicata (Schaeff.) FT. (Omphalia) 
 
 423 
 
 umbilicatus Fr. (Geaster) 41 
 umbonata Quel. (Nolanea) 401 
 umbonatus (Gmel.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 
 
 543 
 
 umbratica Quel. (Inocybe) 209 
 umbratilis Fr. (Omphalia) 432 
 umbrina (Ferry) Maire (Amanita) 98 
 umbrina Fr. (Amanita) 100 
 umbrina Berk. (Clavaria) 708 
 umbrina ( A. &S.) Bres. (Coniophorella) 
 
 628 
 
 umbrina Fr. (Poria) 602 
 umbrina (Vitt.) Fr. (Psaliota) 87 
 umbrinella Sacc. (Clavaria) 708 
 umbrinellus (Sommerf.) Fr. (Pluteus) 
 
 62
 
 INDEX 
 
 797 
 
 umbrinum (A. & S.) FT. (Corticium)628 
 umbrinum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 33 
 umbrinus Cke. & Massee (Coprinus) 
 
 500 
 umbrinus W. G. Sm. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 299 
 umbrinus (Fr.) Quel. (Hypochnus) 
 
 653, 654 
 
 umbrinus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 486 
 umbrosus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 58 
 umbrosus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 250 
 uncialis (Grev.) Quel. (Ceratella) 723 
 uncialis Grev. (Clavaria) 720, 723 
 uncialis (Grev.) Cost. & Dufour (Pistil- 
 
 laria) 723 
 
 undata Berk. (Collybia) 333, 522 
 undata (Fr.) Quel. (Eccilia) 310, 312 
 undatus Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 
 undatus (Berk.) Quel. (Marasmius) 
 
 333, 522 
 
 und.atus Pers. (Polyporus) 687 
 undulata (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 271 
 undulata Fr. (Thelephora) 662 
 undulatum (Fr.) Massee (Stereum) 662 
 undulatus (Fr.) Sacc. (Polyporus) 589 
 unguentatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 223 
 unguinosus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 309 
 unicolor Bolt. (Boletus) 618 
 unicolor (Bull.) Fr. (Daedalea) 618 
 unicolor (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Pholiota) 123 
 unimodus Britz. (Cortinarius) 188 
 Upsaliensis Fr. (Stropharia) 127 
 uraceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 187 
 urania Fr. (Mycena) 391 
 urbicus Fr. (Cortinarius) 169 
 urens Bull. (Marasmius) 518 
 urens (Bull.) Fr. (Marasmius) 518 
 urticaecola (B. & Br. ) BuUer (Coprinus) 
 
 419, 512 
 urticaecola B. & Br. (Psathyra) 419, 
 
 512 
 ustale Fr. (Tricholoma) 218 
 
 USTILAGINEAE xi, 16, 726 
 
 utilis (Weinm.) Fr. (Lactarius) 482 
 
 uvidus Fr. (Lactarius) 483 
 
 uvidus Fr. (Lactarius) 481, 484, 485 
 
 Vaccinii (Fuck.) Woron. (Exobasidium) 
 
 725 
 
 vaccinum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 222 
 vaccinus Fr. (Boletus) 568 
 vaga Fr. (Phlebia) 625, 658 
 vaginata (Bull.) Roze (Amanitopsis)92 
 vagum Berk. & Curt. (Corticium) 678 
 i-agum Berk. & Curt. (Corticium) 678 
 Vahlii (Schum.) Fr. (Pholiota) 112 
 Vaillantii (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 525 
 Vaillantii (DC.) Fr. (Poria) 603, 703 
 Vaillantii (Fr.) Quel. (Porothelium) 
 
 603, 703 
 
 valgus Fr. (Cortinarius) 167 
 vaporaria (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 602 
 vaporaria (Otto) W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 
 
 variabilis Cda. (Chaetoscypha) 701 
 variabilis (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Claudopus) 
 
 453, 456 
 variabilis (Pers.) Quel. (Crepidotus) 
 
 453, 456 
 
 varicosus Fr. (Marasmius) 520 
 varicosus Fr. (Marasmius) 520 
 variecolor B. & Br. (Boletus) 569 
 variecolor (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 136 
 variecolor Fr. (Hydnum) 592, 638 
 variecolor (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. 
 
 (Sistotrema) 592 
 variegata (Fr.) Cost. & Dufour 
 
 (Lenzites) 613 
 variegatum (Scop.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 
 
 219 
 
 variegatus (Swartz) Fr. (Boletus) 562 
 variegatus (Seer.) Fr. (Fomes) 596 
 variegatus (Vitt.) Tul. (Melanogaster) 
 
 48 
 
 variegatus (Polyporus) 596 
 varius (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 135 
 varius Fr. (Polyporus) 577 
 vatricosa Fr. (Inocybe) 205 
 vegetum (Fr.) Romell (Ganoderma) 
 
 597 
 
 vegetus Fr. (Polyporus) 598 
 veil partial x 
 veil universal x 
 
 velatum Vitt. (Lycoperdon) 34 
 vellereum Ellis & Cragin (Corticium) 
 
 674 
 
 vellereus Fr. (Lactarius) 486 
 velox Godey (Coprinus) 515 
 veluticeps Cke. & Massee (Flammula) 
 
 313 
 
 velutina Quel. (Omphalia) 430 
 velutina (DC.) Cke. (Peniophora) 683, 
 
 692, 697 
 velutinum (DC.) Fr. (Corticium) 683, 
 
 692 
 velutinum (Pers.) Fr. (Hypholoma) 
 
 132, 265 
 
 velutinus Bertillon (Lactarius) 487 
 velutinus Fr. (Polystictus) 608 
 velutipes (Curt.) Fr. (Collybia) 332 
 velutipes (Curt.) Quel. (Pleurotus) 332 
 venetus Fr. (Cortinarius) 168 
 venosum Gillet (Entoloma) 251 
 ventricosa (BuU.) Fr. (Collybia) 335 
 ventricosa Massee (Stropharia) 129 
 ventricosus B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 300 
 
 venustissima Fr. (Clitocybe) 273 
 verecunda Fr. (Nolanea) 405 
 vennicularis Fr. (Clavaria) 716
 
 798 
 
 INDEX 
 
 vermicular is Fr. (Clavaria) 717 
 vermicularis Fr. (CUtocybe) 284 
 vermicularis (Pers.) Fr. (Daedalea) 619 
 vermiformis B. & Br. (Dacryomyces) 
 
 742 
 
 verna (Bull.) Fr. (Amanita) 98 
 verna (Lam.) Fr. (Amanita) 98 
 vernicosa Fr. (Clitocybe) 272 
 vernicosus (Bull.) DC. (Cyathus) 47 
 verrucosum (Vaill.) Pers. (Sclero- 
 
 derma) 50 
 
 verruculosa (Lasch) Fr. (Pholiota) 118 
 versatilis Fr. (Nolanea) 402 
 versicolor With. (Agaricus) 109 
 versicolor W. G. Sm. (Armillaria) 109 
 versicolor W. G. Sm. (Armillaria) 125 
 versicolor Rostk. (Boletus) 564 
 versicolor (Linn.) Fr. (Polystictus) 609 
 versicolor (With.) Fr. (Stropharia) 125 
 versicolor (With.) Quel. (Stropharia) 
 
 130 
 
 versicolor Berk. (Tremella) 732 
 versiformis (Fr.) (Nolanea) 405 
 versipelle Fr. (Hebeloma) 255 
 versipellis Fr. (Boletus) 572 
 versutus Peck (Crepidotus) 455 
 verticalis (Tremella) 730 
 vertirugis Cke. (Collybia) 333, 522 
 vervacti Fr. (Naucoria) 355 
 vesca Fr. (Russula) 476 
 vesicaria Sm. (Tremella) 731 
 vespertinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 148 
 veternosa Fr. (Russula) 473 
 viarum Fr. (Clitopilus) 311 
 vibecina Fr. (Clitocybe) 285 
 vibratilis Fr. (Cortinarius) 152 
 vietus Fr. (Lactarius) 489 
 vilis Fr. (Clitopilus) 312 
 vilis Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 
 vittatica Brond. (Psaliota) 82 
 villatica (Brond.) Magn. (Psaliota) 88 
 villosa (Pers.) Karst. (Cyphella) 700 
 villosus (Bull.) Quel. (Pluteus) 58 
 vinaceus (Scop.) Fr. (Nolanea) 404 
 vinosa (Bull.) Fr. (Flammula) 313 
 vinosa (Cda.) B. & Br. (Psathyra) 414 
 vinosus Cke. (Cortinarius) 158 
 violacea (Awd.)Schroet. (Hypochnella) 
 
 659 
 
 violacea Pat. (Inocybe) 197 
 violacea (A. & S.) Fr. (Poria) 605 
 violacea Quel. (Russula) 468 
 violacea (Relh.) Fr. (Tremella) 731 
 violaceifolia Peck (Inocybe) 199 
 violaceofusca Cke. & Massee (Inocybe) 
 
 163, 207 
 violaceofuscus (Cke. & Massee) Massee 
 
 (Cortinarius) 163, 207 
 violaceolivida (Sommerf . ) Bres. ( Penio- 
 
 phora) 683, 695 
 
 violaceolividum (Sommerf.) Fr. (Cor- 
 
 ticium) 683, 695 
 
 violaceus (Linn.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 155 
 violaceus (Pers.) Quel. (Irpex) 610 
 violaceus Cke. (Lactarius) 493 
 violarius Massee (Pluteus) 58 
 violascens Seer. (Agaricus) 468 
 violascens (Otto) Fr. (Lactarius) 485 
 violascens (Otto) Fr. (Lactarius) 483 
 violascens (Otto) Quel. (Lactarius) 485 
 violea (Quel.) Bourd. & Galz. (Tulas- 
 
 nella) 739 
 
 violeipes (Quel.) Maire (Russula) 477 
 violeus Quel. (Hypochnus) 739 
 viperina Fr. (Volvaria) 96 
 virens Scop. (Agaricus) 274 
 virens (Bull.) Quel. (Mycena) 379 
 virescens (Vaill.) Quel. (Amanita) 98 
 virescens Cda. (Naematelia) 733 
 virescens (Cke. & Massee) Masset 
 
 (Psilocybe) 364 
 
 virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 460 
 virescens (Schum.) Quel. (Tremella) 
 
 733 
 
 virescens Cke. (Tricholoma) 224 
 virescens Wharton (Tricholoma) 224 
 virgatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 228 
 virginea Cke. & Massee (Russula) 464 
 virgineus (Wulf.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 
 
 300 
 
 viridans Berk. (Poria) 604 
 viride (A. & S.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 651 
 viridiflava Barla (Armillaria) 109 
 viridis (A. & S.) Pat. (Caldesiella) 638, 
 
 651 
 
 viridis Scop. (Clitocybe) 274 
 viridis (With.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 274 
 viridis (Schrad.) Quel. (Lactarius) 482 
 viridis (A. & S.) Quel. (Odontia) 651 
 viridis Fl. Dan. (Omphalia) 429 
 virosa Fr. (Amanita) 98 
 viscidus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 559 
 viscidus (Linn.) Fr. (Gomphidius) 325 
 viscosa (Pers.) Fr. (Calocera) 744 
 viscosa (Berk.) Rea (Exidia) 735 
 viscosa (Seer.) R. Maire (Mycena) 396 
 viscosa Berk. (Tremella) 735 
 vitellina (Pers.) Bataille (Russula) 478 
 vitellina (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 478 
 vitellina Plowr. (Thelephora) 661 
 vitellinus (Pers.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 497 
 vitellinus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 304 
 vitilis Fr. (Mycena) 392 
 vitrea Fr. (Mycena) 390 
 vitrea (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 599 
 Vittadinii (Moretti) Vitt. (Amanita) 
 
 102 
 
 Vittadinii (Moretti) Fr. (Lepiota) 72 
 vittaeformis Fr. (Galera) 410 
 volemus Fr. (Lactarius) 493
 
 INDEX 
 
 799 
 
 volva x 
 
 volvacea Bull. (Volvaria) 95 
 volvacea (Bull.) FT. (Volvaria) 94 
 Tolvaceominimus Crossland (Coprinus) 
 
 510 
 
 Volvaria Fr. 6, 94 
 vorticosum Fr. (Stereum) 664 
 vulgare Tul. (Crucibulum) 46 
 vulgare (Hornem.) Fr. (Scleroderma) 49 
 vulgare (Tode) Juel (Stilbum) 728 
 vulgaris Tul. (Hymenogaster) 26 
 vulgaris (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 397 
 vulgaris Fr. (Polyporus) 598 
 vulgaris Fr. (Poria) 598 
 vulgaris Pers. (Telephora) 701 
 vulpinus (Sow.) Fr. (Lentinus) 540 
 
 Wakefieldiae Bres. (Corticium) 675 
 Weinmannii Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 642 
 White! B. & Br. (Inocybe) 197 
 Wieslandri Fr. (Naucoria) 360 
 Worthingtonii Fr. (Stropharia) 128 
 Wynnei B. & Br. (Entoloma) 248 
 Wynnei B. & Br. (Marasmius) 519, 521 
 Wynnei B. & Br. (Polyporus) 588 
 
 Wynniae B. & Br. (Hiatula) 81 
 Wynniae B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 306, 
 431 
 
 xanthoderma Genev. (Psaliota) 85 
 xanthophyUa Bres. (Pholiota) 114 
 xanthophyllus Cke. (Cortinarius) 142 
 xanthopus Fr. (Collybia) 336 
 xanthopus Pers. (Merulius) 544 
 zerampelina Schaeff. (Russula) 475 
 xerampelina (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 
 
 471, 476 
 
 xerotoides von Post (Marasmius) 527 
 Xerotus FT. 9, 536 
 xylophila (Weinm.) Fr. (CoUybia) 332 
 
 zephirus Fr. (Mycena) 377 
 zonarius (BuU.) Fr. (Lactarius) 481 
 zonarius (Bull.) Quel. (Lactarius) 481 
 zonatum (Batsch) Fr. (Hydnum) 635 
 zonatus Fr. (Polystictus) 608 
 zygodesmoides (Ellis) Burt (Hypo- 
 
 chnus) 657 
 zygophylla Cke. & Massee (Clitocybe) 
 
 PRINTED IN ENGLAND BY J. B. PEACE, M.A., AT THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRE83
 
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