THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES This l " TMTE on the last date stamped below I SOUTHERN BRANCH, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, " LIBRARY, LOS ANX^LLS, CALIF. BRITISH BASIDIOMYCETAE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS C. F. CLAY, MANAGER LONDON : FETTEK LANE, E.G. 4 LONDON : H. K. LEWIS AND CO., LTD., 136, Gower Street, W.0. 1 LONDON : WHELDON AND WESLEY, LTD., 28, Essex Street, Strand, W.C. 2 NEW YORK : THE MACMILLAN CO. BOMBAY 1 CALCUTTA I MACMILLAN AND CO., LTD. MADRAS J TORONTO : THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TOKYO : MARUZEN-KABUSHIKI-KAISHA ALL EIGHTS RESERVED British Basidiomycetae A HANDBOOK TO THE LARGER BRITISH FUNGI BY CARLETON REA, B.C.L., M.A. Hon. Member of the British Mycological Society and the Cryptogamic Society of Scotland, Membre titulaire de la Socie'te' Mycologique de France, etc. PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE BRITISH MYCOLOGICAL SOCIETY CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1922 49791 Published August 1, 1922 At AFTER thirty years of study of our British Basidiomycetae I have ventured to write this text-book at the request of many I mycological friends. The well-known classification of Fries is now insufficient for modern requirements and must be altered to embody the results obtained from a more detailed anatomical and microscopical examination of these plants. The present work is based chiefly on the excellent system set forth by N. Patouillard v in his Essai taxonomique sur les families et les genres des Hymeno- - 7 mycetes, published in 1900. Since this date several alterations and additions to this scheme have been made, due to the in- vestigations of the eminent mycologists J. Bresadola, E. A. Burt, . 5 H. Bourdot and A. Galzin, F. von Hoehnel and V. Litschauer, and - Rene Maire. My very best thanks are due to Mr J. Ramsbottom ^ for his invaluable technical advice and assistance in the prepara- tion of the manuscript and for kindly correcting the proof-sheets of this work, and to Miss E. M. Wakefield for valuable information \ respecting the Thelephoraceae. I am also very greatly indebted . I to Messrs A. D. Cotton, C. H. Grinling, A. A. Pearson and J. ^ Ramsbottom for obtaining the large subsidy for the publication of this work, to the generous contributors to the same, and to The Royal Society for a grant-in-aid of 10. CARLETON REA. Wth June, 1922. CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE v INTRODUCTION ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS . . . . xii KEY TO THE DIVISIONS AND GENERA OF BRITISH BASIDIOMYCETAE ... 1 TEXT 21 BIBLIOGRAPHY 746 INDEX . 755 IX INTRODUCTION FUNGI are non-chlorophyllous cryptogams reproduced by spores. In the larger fungi these spores are borne either to the exterior of a cell called the basidium or are contained within a sac-like cell called the ascus. Fungi with basidia constitute the BASIDIOMYCETAE, whilst those with asci are known as the ASCOMYCETAE. The present work deals only with the former group. The Basidiomycetae were, until quite recently, divided into two main groups, HYMENOMYCETAE and GASTEROMYCETAE : in the former the spores are freely exposed to the air at maturity, whilst in the latter they remain inclosed within the body of the fungus. The spores on germination either give rise to threads or hyphae (collectively known as the mycelium or spawn) or they produce secondary spores termed sporidiola which on germina- tion develop the mycelium. This mycelium constitutes the vegetative portion of the fungus and consists of septate hyphae, in some cases with lateral outgrowths known as clamp connections which arise near the septa and connect two adjacent cells. The mycelium is either filamentous or forms cord-like strands. At their extremities the hyphae give rise to other hyphae which terminate in basidia, sterile paraphyses which act as spacing elements and in some cases other sterile cells termed cystidia. These elements together constitute the hymenium and generally form a homogeneous layer but in some of the Gasteromycetae the basidia are irregularly distributed as in Scleroderma. The tissue between the hymenial layers is known as the trama. The basidium may consist either of a continuous cell, or be longitudinally divided, or transversely septate. It is usually surmounted at the apex by short stalks, the sterigmata, which bear the spores; some- times these are lateral or arise from the division of the transversely septate basidia: sometimes the spores are borne directly on the hyphae. In some genera long vesicular hyphae are present which traverse the tissue in various directions and these are often filled with a granular coloured or colourless latex. The vegetative hyphae constitute the main portion of the sporophore except in x INTRODUCTION the small effused forms. The hymenium may be spread over radiating gills or plates as in the mushroom, line the interior of tubes or pores as in Polyporus, cover teeth-like projections as in Hydnum, be immersed in a gelatinous mass as in Tremella, or be borne on variously shaped structures known as receptacles as in the Phalloids. The sporophore is of different shapes, e.g. globose as in puff- balls, sessile with outstretched flaps as in Stereum, erect, clavate, coralloid or dendroid as in Clavaria, or differentiated into dis- tinct stem, pileus or cap and hymenium-bearing surface as in the mushroom. When young the sporophore is often completely surrounded by a universal veil or membrane termed the volva which is ruptured by the growth of the stem and in many species portions or traces of this remain permanently at the base of the stem. A second membrane or partial veil consisting of either interwoven or arachnoid threads often protects the hymenial surface before it is mature and extends from the stem to the margin of the pileus : it either disappears completely or remains as a ring on the stem, or in appendiculate fragments at the margin of the pileus. The wall surrounding the Gasteromycetae is termed the peridium and consists of one, two, or more layers, the exoperidium to the exterior and the endoperidium to the interior. The peridium sometimes incloses separate hymenium- bearing bodies, the peridiola, which are either free, attached by a cord (funiculus) or form a compound structure. The contents of the peridium are collectively known as the gleba ; in addition to spores there are often certain threads, the capillitium, which arise either directly from the base, from the walls of the peridium or are attached to a denser central portion, the columdla. In some cases the external walls of the hyphae deliquesce and this gives a jelly-like consistency to the whole fungus as in Tremella, whilst in other cases the deliquescence is confined to certain areas and constitutes a valuable diagnostic feature. In the genus Coprinus the edge of the gill gradually undergoes a process of autodigestion which ensures the economical dispersion of the spores. The tramal plates of many Gasteromycetae finally dissolve and disappear. All fungi since they have no chlorophyll and are thus unable to form carbohydrates are either saprophytes obtaining their nourishment from dead organic matter or are INTRODUCTION xi parasites dependent on a living host. Sometimes the mycelium forms a somewhat dense stratum (stroma) on which the receptacle is seated or immersed; at other times it forms hard compact masses known as sclerotia which often lie dormant for a con- siderable length of time. In more recent classifications the BASIDIOMYCETAE are primarily divided into two main divisions, the HOMOBASIDIAE and the HETEROBASIDIAE. In the former, the basidium is an undivided cell usually clavate in shape: the spores on germina- tion give rise to a mycelium which reproduces the sporophore. In the latter, the basidia are either transversely, longitudinally, or vertically septate, or sometimes continuous, but the spores on germination give rise to sporidiola which germinate in their turn to form the mycelium which reproduces the fruit body. The HOMOBASIDIAE are divided into two main subdivisions based upon their parasitic or saprophytic habit. The parasitic forms constitute the subdivision EXOBASIDIINEAE, the sapro- phytic forms the subdivision EU-HOMOBASIDIINEAE. The latter are divided into the three orders Gasteromycetales, Agaricales and Aphyllophorales. The Gasteromycetales include the species having the hymenium still surrounded at maturity by a peridium: the Agaricales have the hymenium originally protected by a volva or a ring but at maturity fully exposed, whilst the Aphyllophorales have the hymenium exposed from the first. The HETEROBASIDIAE are divided into four orders according to the nature of the basidium, viz. Auriculariales, Tremellales, Tulasnellales and Calocerales. In the Auriculariales the basidia are transversely septate; in the Tremellales the basidia are longitudinally, cruciately divided; the Tulasnellales have simple basidia but the sterigmata are at first of such a wide diameter that they were formerly considered to be spores, whilst the Calocerales have cylindrical basidia terminated by two pointed, usually long, sterigmata. All these orders are in general sapro- phytic and have the hymenium fully exposed from the first but the Auriculariales include the three parasitic suborders Puc- ciniineae, Coleosporiineae and Ustilagineae which are not dealt with in the present work and one suborder the Ecchynineae which has the hymenium inclosed within a peridium at maturity. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS cm., centimetre. mm., millimetre. /x, one-thousandth part of a millimetre. P., Pileus. Pe., Peridium. B., Receptacle. st., stem. v.v., Living specimens seen by the author. KEY TO THE DIVISIONS AND GENERA OF BRITISH BASIDIOMYCETAE BASIDIOMYCETAE. L ^ "I HOMOBASIDIAE. II. Basidia longitudinally divided, trans- } versely septate, or simple; spores pro-!- HETEBOBASIDIAE. ducing sporidiola on germination J HOMOBASIDIAE. * EU-HOMOB ASIDIINE AE. Saprophytes. L GASTEROMYCETALES. 2. Hymenium at first covered by a volva, \ or a ring, becoming fully exposed at maturity, usually inferior, and spread V AGARICALES. over the surface of gills, fleshy pores, ! or a smooth surface ) 3. Hymenium exposed from the first, 'i APHYLLOPHORALES. or a smooth surface **EXOBASIDIINEAE. Parasites. 4. Hymenium effused, rarely consisting) of basidia only. Parasitic on leaves, j- EXOBASLDIALES. etc. (especially Ericaceae) ) HETEROBASIDIAE. CyHn l KEY TO GASTEROMYCETALES 2. Basidia longitudinally cruciatelyl divided, subglobose J 3. Basidia simple, subglobose, with 2-4 very thick stout sterigmata. Spores producing sporidiola on germination 4. Basidia simple, cylindrical, with j two long pointed sterigmata. Spores always becoming septate [ CALOCERALES. on germination, and producing sporidiola J HOMOBASIDIAE. * EU-HOMOBASIDIINEAE. GASTEROMYCETALES. I. Superficial. Peridium globose, with\ a middle gelatinous layer, at length ruptured, and exposing the gleba I PHALLINEAE. on a variously shaped receptacle, volvate at the base 1. Receptacle trellised, or irregu-1 larly branched above; gleba in-r CLATHRACEAE. ternal, or between the branches J 2. Receptacle hollow, cylindrical, orl p fusiform; gleba external } J II. Subterranean, rarely superficial.^ Peridium globose, simple, inde-[ TT Y MFNnr ASTRTNFAF hiscent; hymenium lining the cell-[ like cavities of the gleba ) 1. Tramal plates arising from radial,) TT basal, sterile hyphae } HYSTERANGIACEAE. e l HYMENOGASTRACEAE. LYC OPERDINEAE. LYCOPERDACEAE. III. Superficial. Peridium globose, or variously shaped, of two or more layers, dehiscing by an apical aperture, or by the gradual falling away of the upper pendial walls; hymenium lining the cell-like cavities of the gleba. Capillitium and sometimes a columella present Same characters as the suborder KEY TO GASTEROMYCETALES IV. Superficial, or growing on wood or; dung. Peridium campanulate, orj cup-shaped, of one to three layers, I inclosing lenticular peridiola, some- \ NIDULARIINEAE. times attached by a funiculus, and with or without a fugacious 1 epiphragm Same characters as the suborder NIDULARIACEAE. PLECTOBASIDIINEAE. (SCLERODERMINEAE.) V. Subterranean, or superficial. Peri- dium globose, or variously shaped, of one or more layers, sometimes prolonged into a stem-like base. Basidia irregularly scattered, some- times intermixed with sterile veins A. Gleba pulverulent when mature. (a) Gleba traversed by sterile veins. Capillitium rudimentary. Peridiuml ScLERODERMATACEAE . simple, rarely double J Capillitium well developed. Peri-1 CALOSTOMATACEAE . dmm highly differentiated J (b) Gleba without sterile veins. Peridium of two layers produced) TuLOSTOMATACEAB . below into a stem-like base Peridium of one layer, sessile,! seated on a ring-like mass of my-h GLISCHRODERMATACEAE. celium J B. Gleba slimy when mature SPHAEROBOLACEAE. CLATHRACEAE. Receptacle sessile, forming a hollow, globose lattice Clathrus. Receptacle stipitate, terminating in free arms, or) ^ ysurus branches J Receptacle stipitate, crowned by a disc from which) the arms radiate J PHALLACEAE. Gleba campanulate, adnate throughout to the re-'j Cynophallus. ceptacle / (Mutinus.) Gleba campanulate, reticulate, free, attached by the] apex to the receptacle J 12 4: KEY TO GASTEROMYCETALES HYSTERANGIACEAE. Peridium globose, separable. Gleba cartilaginous, or] mucilaginous, cavities at first empty / yste HYMENOGASTRACEAE. A. Peridium without external mycelial strands. Spores elliptical to fusiform, with a prominent) papilla; sterile base well developed J Spore globose, or broadly elliptical, echinulate, or verrucose. Tramal plates splitting, sterile base well de-) veloped } Tramal plates not splitting, no sterile base Hydnangium. B. Peridium with external mycelial strands; glebal ,->, . cavities at first hollow, spores elliptical, smooth J LYCOPERD ACE AE . A. Exoperidium consisting of a pseudo-parenchy- matous layer. 1. Capillitium threads attached to the peridium,1 or the columella, not consisting of a distinct stem \ Lycoperdon. and branches 2. Capillitium threads free, consisting of a distinct stem and pointed branches. Sterile base present Bovistella. Sterile base absent Bovista. B. Exoperidium consisting of a pseudo-parenchy- matous layer, and a fibrous layer, splitting open in a star-like manner. Endoperidium with many stems, and dehiscing! by many mouths / Endoperidium with a single stem, or sessile, } t and dehiscing by a single mouth J NlDULARIACEAE. Peridium subglobose, of one layer, without an epi-j phragm. Peridiola without a funiculus J Peridium cup-shaped, of two layers, with an epi-l phragm. Peridiola attached by a papilla to thej- Crucibulum. funiculus 1 Cf. Astraeus. KEY TO GASTEROMYCETALES 5 Peridium campanulate, or cylindrical, of three"! layers, with an epiphragm. Peridiola umbilicately \ Cyathus. attached to the funiculus SCLERODERMATACE AE . Subterranean. Peridium soft, fleshy, with branched"! mycelial strands springing from every part of the!- Melanogaster. exterior, not sharply separated from the gleba Superficial. Peridium leathery, or corky, of one or"! two layers, sharply separated from the pulverulent - Scleroderma. gleba J Superficial. Peridium membranaceous, distinctly"! . ,., separated from the gleba, which at maturity consists / ,p. * US ' CALOSTOMATACEAE. Endoperidium inserted at the base of the exoperi-j , dium, the latter splitting open in a star-like manner/ TULOSTOMATACEAE. A. Capillitium smooth. Endoperidium dehiscing by an apical aperture Tulostoma. Endoperidium dehiscing by the gradual falling) ^ , . away of the peridial walls from the base upwards/ B. Capillitium with ring-like, or spiral markings Battarrea. GrLISCHRODERMATACEAE. Same characters as the family Glischroderma. SPHAEROBOLACEAE. Same characters as the family Sphaerobolus. AGARICALES. I. Hymenium inseparable from the j AGA R ICINEAE . pileus, spread over the surface of gillsj II. Hymenium inseparable from the pileus, spread over the surface of CANTH AKELLINEAE. narrow, obtuse gills, or folds, or quite smooth III. Hymenium soft, separable from the! pileus, lining the inside of pores, orj- BOLETINEAE. pore-like gills KEY TO AGARICALES AGAEICINEAE. Same characters as the suborder AGARICACEAE. AGAKICACEAE. I. Receptacle fleshy, trama not vesiculose, nor traversed by lacticiferous vessels, not mem- branaceous, not rapidly putrescent, nor tough and woody. A. Pileus distinct, and easily separable from the * Without a ring, or a volva. Spores white Schulz&ria. Spores pink Pluteus. Spores green Glaucospora. Spores ochraceous Pluteolus. Spores purple, or fuscous Pilosace. **With a ring on the stem. Spores white, ring rarely fugacious, always] ,- . manifest in the adult stage J Spores white, ring very fugacious, not manifest") in the adult stage / Spores pink Annularia. Spores purple, or fuscous Psaliota. Spores black, or blackish fuscous Anellaria. ***With a volva at the base of the stem. Spores white Amanitopsis. Spores pink Volvaria. (Locellina. Spores ochraceous \(Acetabularia.) , (Clarkeinda. Spores purple, or fuscous {(Chitonia.) ****With a ring on the stem, and a volva at the base of the stem. Spores white Amanita. B. Pileus confluent and homogeneous with the fleshy stem. *With a membranaceous ring on the stem. Spores white ArmiUaria. KEY TO AGARICALES 7 Spores ferruginous, rough; general veil per-1 . sistent / Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, generally) <: piw smooth; general veil none, or fugacious j L " Spores purple, or fuscous Stropharia. **With an arachnoid or filamentous general veil. 1. Veil forming an arachnoid, fugacious ring on) ~ . the stem. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous / 2. Veil concrete with the epidermis of the pileus. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, elliptical,"^ ,. , smooth J Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, irregular,) . -,-, ^ r Astrosvorina. angular, ecmnulate, or verrucose ***Gills sinuate. Spores white Tricholoma. Spores pink Entoloma. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous Hebeloma. Spores purple, or fuscous Hypholoma. ****Gills decurrent, or adnato-decurrent by a tooth. Spores white; hymenium not waxy, nor) nr , pulverulent j l Spores white; hymenium pulverulent Laccaria. Spores white; hymenium waxy Hygrophorus. Spores pink Clitopilus. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous Flammula. Spores greenish fuscous, or blackish; gills mu-| rih'd'us cilaginous / C. Pileus confluent with, but heterogeneous from, the cartilaginous stem. *Grills adnate, or sinuato-adnate. fMargin of pileus at first incurved, or exceeding the gills. Spores white CollyUa. Spores pink Leptonia. Spores ochraceous, or ferrugineus Naucoria. Spores purple, or fuscous Psilocybe Spores black, or blackish Panaeolus. KEY TO AGARICALES ff Margin of pileus straight, at first adpressed to the stem. Spores white Spores pink Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous Spores purple, or fuscous Spores black, or blackish **Gills decurrent. Spores white Spores pink Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous D . Pileus confluent with the excentric, or lateral stem, dimidiate, sessile, or resupinate. Spores white, gill edge entire Spores white, gill edge longitudinally split Spores pink Spores ochraceous. II. Receptacle fleshy, trama vesiculose and traversed by lacticiferous vessels. Spores white, or yellow. Latex watery, uncoloured Latex milk-white, or coloured, rarely like) serum ) III. Receptacle membranaceous, or fleshy mem- branaceous, fragile, rapidly putrescent, or shrivelling up. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous Spores black, or blackish fuscous. Gills) auto-digested from below upwards / IV. Receptacle membranaceous, tough, reviving with moisture, not putrescent. Spores white. *Pileus with a thin, unspecialized cellular) pellicle > **Pileus with a thick, cellular pellicle. Cells of the pellicle upright, echinulate, or) Androsaceus. verrucose J (Marasmius p.p.) Cells of the pellicle decumbent, very long,) n // fibrillose I P Mycena. Nolanea. Galera. Psathyra. Psathyrdla. OmpMia. Ectilia. Tubaria. Pleurotus. Schizophyllum. Claudopus. Crepidotus. Russula. T Latanus ' Bolbitius. Coprinus. KEY TO AGARICALES 9 V. Eeceptacle coriaceous, fleshy coriaceous, or woody. Spores white. Pileus fleshy coriaceous, gills somewhat soft Panus. Pileus membranaceous coriaceous, gills j coriaceous, branched, obtuse J ero us ' Pileus coriaceous, or woody, pliant; gills] T ,. firm, often toothed CANTHARELLINEAE. Same characters as the suborder CANTHARELLACEAE. CANTHARELLACEAE. *Spores white. Receptacle fleshy, stipitate; gills simple.) N Ug Parasitic on other Agarics Receptacle fleshy, stipitate; gills forked Cantharellus. Receptacle fleshy, membranaceous, funnel-] shaped or umbilicate. Hymenium veined, [ Craterellus. or smooth Receptacle membranaceous, spathulate, or) j)ictyolus cup-shaped, pendant. Hymenium veined, [- (C J tharettusp ^) or smooth ) v **Spores ochraceous. Receptacle fleshy coriaceous, stipitate. \ Hymenium fold-like J BOLETINEAE. Same characters as the suborder BOLETACEAE. BOLETACEAE. 1. Hymenium spread over gills, which anasto-"! mose by veins, and form irregular pores, | .,, especially at the apex of the stem. Spores f white, ochraceous, or ferruginous J 2. Hymenium lining the inside of fleshy tubes. (Gyroporus. Spores white, or pale yellowish {(Boletus p.p.) . , (Tylopilus. S P reS P mk [(Boletus p.p.) 10 KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES Spores purple ((Boletus p.p.) Spores blackish, or fuscous. Pileus) . ,. 7 vn Q ^ TTrUk ;w,^o+ Q oUc, f Strobilomyccs . Boletinus. covered with imbricate scales Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or oliva- ceous. Tubes short, alveolar, decurrent Tubes very short, gyroso-plicate Tubes long Boletus. APHYLLOPHORALES. I. Receptacle pileate, stipitate, sessile, orl PO ROHYDNINEAE. resupinate; hymenium inferior J II. Receptacle erect, dendroid, coralloid,1 simple, or branched, never pileate; hy-V CLAVARIINEAE. menium more or less amphigenous I. POROHYDNINEAE. 1. Hymenium lining tubes coherent throughout their length, forming a layer distinct from the substance of the pileus, sometimes becoming torn POLYPORACEAE. into teeth, or gill-like plates, and sepa- rated by dissepiments sterile on the edge 2. Hymenium lining tubes, or covering"! gills, or teeth, homogeneous with the' substance of the pileus, not forming a distinct layer, sterile on the edge 3. Hymenium spread over veins, anasto-1 mosing pores, or quite smooth; edge of j- MERULIACEAE. veins or pores fertile 4. Hymenium inferior, lining free and! FlgTULINACEAE . separate tubes J 5. Hymenium spread over the surface of spines, granules, warts, or other pro- tuberances, or quite smooth, inter- vening spaces fertile. Receptacle fleshy, coriaceous, waxy, crustaceous, or floe- cose, rarely none HYDNACEAE. KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES 11 Hymenium spread over a smooth, rugose, or ribbed surface, either resting upon an in- termediate layer of hyphae running longitu- dinally between it and the mycelium, or seated directly upon the mycelium THELEPHORACEAE. 7. Hymenium covering the whole of the in-") terior of cup-shaped, urceolate, or cylindrical j- CYPHELLACEAE. receptacles, smooth, or veined J POLYPORACEAE. Eeceptacle stipitate, or sessile, fleshy, cheesy,! or coriaceous. Tubes homogeneous, or hetero- 1 geneous, dissepiments entire, or toothed. Spores | white, or coloured J Eeceptacle stipitate, fleshy. Tubes becoming"] torn into teeth, or gill-like plates mosing at the base. Spores white Sistotrema. Receptacle sessile, hard, woody, or corky. Pileus\ often concentrically zoned, covered with a hard [ crust, or villose. Tubes homogeneous, or hetero- V Fomes. geneous, often stratose. Spores white, or coloured Receptacle stipitate, or sessile, corky. Pileus") covered with a rigid, laccate, shining crust. I ^ , Tubes often stratose. Spores coloured, oval,] ' truncate at the base Receptacle resupinate, membranaceous, soft,\ coriaceous, or corky. Tubes often inserted! p . directly on the mycelium, round, or angular, j Spores white, or coloured POLYSTICTACEAE. Receptacle sessile, thin, coriaceous, or mem-1 branaceous. Tubes homogeneous, developing j- Polystictus. from the centre outwards. Spores white Receptacle sessile, or resupinate, membrana-"! ceous, or coriaceous. Tubes alveolar, becoming j- Irpex. torn, or toothed. Spores white 12 KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES Trametes. Receptacle sessile, corky, or coriaceous. Hyme-\ nium spread over gills, which anastomose at the! ^ . base, homogeneous with the substance of the pileus, \ and not forming a distinct layer. Spores white Receptacle sessile, corky. Tubes homogeneous withj the substance of the pileus, not forming a distinct layer, regular, round, or oblong. Spores white, rarely yellowish j Receptacle stipitate, or sessile, spongy, or corky.' Tubes homogeneous with the substance of the pileus, not forming a distinct layer, irregular, r Daedalea. sinuous, or labyrinthiform, often becoming torn, or toothed. Spores white. MERULIACEAE. Receptacle sessile, or resupinate, more or less gela-) tinous. Veins anastomosing to form irregular pores, j- Merulius. Spores white or coloured j Receptacle erect, or resupinate, waxy, firm. Veins) 7 radial. Spores white J Veins gill-j Plicatura. ) (Trogia.) Receptacle sessile, spongy coriaceous, like, crisped. Spores white Receptacle resupinate, waxy. Hymenium granular,! r . , or smooth. Spores coloured, smooth. No cystidia J L m P Like Coniophora, but with cystidia Coniophorella. FlSTULINACEAE. Same characters as the family Fistidina. HYDNACEAE. Receptacle none. Spines simple, cylindrical, acute, "j seated directly on the fugacious mycelium. Spores f Mticronetta. white Receptacle simple, or branched, stipitate, sessile, j or dimidiate, fleshy, coriaceous, or corky. Spines^ Hydnum. subulate. Spores white, or coloured Receptacle resupinate, or reflexed, membranaceous] ,, , , coriaceous. Spines subulate, apex hispid. Spores [ 7%*T* * n \ white, oval, or oblong. Cystidia present. m p - p '> KEY TO APHYLLOPHOEALES 13 Receptacle resupinate, thin, waxy, inseparable.^ Tubercles or spines obtuse, often deformed, ir- regularly scattered, or confluent. Spores white, r Radulum. or coloured. Cystidia none, cystidioles (sterile basidia) sometimes present Eeceptacle resupinate, thin, waxy. Spines thin, subulate, generally entire, distinct, or connate at the base. Spores white. Cystidia none, cys- tidioles very thin, or absent Receptacle resupinate, thin, membranaceous, pelliculose, or crustaceous. Tubercles or spines Ada. (Hydnum p.p.) Grandinia. obtuse, or pointed, entire. Spores white, or coloured. Cystidia none Receptacle resupinate, thin, membranaceous, \ waxy, crustaceous or mealy. Spines conical,! ~, ciliate, or penicillate at the apex. Spores white, t Cystidia present J Receptacle resupinate, subgelatinous. Spines very) ., minute, sterile. Spores white J l '" ia " Like Odontia, but spores coloured, smooth Hydnopsis. Receptacle resupinate, soft, floccose. Spines soft, \ conical, villose, fimbriate at the apex. Flesh [ coloured. Spores coloured, verrucose, or echinu- 1 late Receptacle pileate, stipitate, sessile, or resupinate, without a distinct pellicle, coriaceous. Hyme- nium smooth, granular, or faintly ribbed. Flesh coloured. Spores coloured, angular, echinulate, (Thelephorap.p.) or verrucose PJiylacteria. Receptacle resupinate, soft, floccose. Hymeniuml ~ ochnus granular, or smooth, floccose. Flesh coloured. > , J^ til \ Spores coloured, echinulate, or angular J Like Hypochnus, but spores violet, smooth Hypochnella. Receptacle resupinate, effused, flocculose-pulveru-'j lent, Hypochnus-like. Spores straw coloured, sub- v Jaapia. elliptical, hyaline-appendiculate J Receptacle resupinate, subgelatinous, then car-"| tilaginous. Hymenium smooth. Spores olive, V Aldrigea. elliptical, smooth J [Irregular abnormal growths the conidial forms) \ptijchoaaster 1 of Porohydnineae] / L y y 14 KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES THELEPHOKACEAE. 1. Hymenium separated from the mycelium by an intermediate layer of hyphae. Receptacle erect, much branched, branches] flattened in a lamellar, or plate-like manner, > Sparassis. fleshy. Hymenium smooth. Spores white Receptacle simple, or branched, stipitate, ses-\ sile, effuso-reflexed, rarely resupinate, cori-l aceous. Hymenium smooth. Flesh pale. Spores i white. Cystidia hyaline J Like Stereum, but cystidia, or setae coloured.] Flesh coloured. Spores white, or coloured [Like Stereum, but hymenium smooth, granu-j lar, or faintly ribbed. Flesh coloured. Spores f [Phylacteria.] coloured, angular, echinulate, or verrucose] j Receptacle sessile, or produced behind into a-j stem-like base, coriaceous, or woody. Hy-l menium with fan-like folds, or radiating woody, [ branched ribs, or veins. Spores white J 2. Hymenium seated directly on the mycelium. Receptacle resupinate, waxy, or floccose. Hy-\ menium smooth, with scattered protuberances caused by the breaking through of fasciculate, \- Epithek. Stereum 1 Hymenochaete. Cladoderris. sterile, mycelial hyphae. Spores white. tidia Cys-l / Receptacle saucer-shaped with a free margin, \ or resupinate and adnate, floccose, or crusta- ceous, becoming coriaceous. Hymenium smooth, pulverulent, with much granular, or Y Aleurodiscus. crystalline matter. Spores white, large ; basidia large, sterile basidia or paraphyses moniliform, or racemose Receptacle resupinate, waxy, crustaceous, or floccose. Hymenium waxy, smooth, or tuber- cular, continuous, often cracked. Spores white, L Corticium 2 . rarely faintly coloured, smooth. No cystidia; sterile basidia (cystidioles) sometimes emergent/ Like C&rtirium but the hyphae and hymenium] r> f - traversed by long, cystidia-like bodies, whose I . , walls are never thickened, nor incrusted withj L, U ^-j- \ crystalline deposits (gloeocystidia) 1 Cf. Eichhriella. 2 Cf. Sebacina. KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES 15 Eeceptacle incrusting, variously branched, \ lobed, or effused, fibrillosely floccose, soft. I Cristdla. Spores white, echinulate. Growing on fallen | (Thelephorap.p.) twigs, and mosses J [Receptacle resupinate, soft, floccose. Hy-^ menium granular, or smooth, floccose. Flesh I \Hypochnus. coloured. Spores coloured, echinulate, orj (Tomentdla.)] angular] / [Like Hypochnus, but spores violet, smooth] [Hypochnella.] [Receptacle resupinate, effused, flocculose-j pulverulent, Hypochnus-like. Spores straws [Jaapia.] coloured, subelliptical, hyaline-appendiculate] j [Receptacle resupinate, waxy. Hymenium] granular, or smooth. Spores coloured, smooth, f- [Coniophora.] No cystidia] Like Corticium, but with prominent, hyaline, or subhyaline cystidia in the hymenium or subhymenial tissues, which are generally L Peniophora. thick walled, or incrusted with crystalline de- posits. Spores white, rarely slightly coloured/ [Like Coniophora, but with cystidia] [Coniophorella.] CYPHELLACEAE. Receptacles sessile, scattered, crowded, or-. confluent, coriaceous-gelatinous. Hymenium Cytidia. smooth, becoming wrinkled, or veined. Spores f (Auriculariopsis.) white, or pale Receptacles stipitate, or sessile, scattered, or^i crowded, membranaceous, or waxy. Hyme- > Cyphella. nium smooth, or veined. Spores white J Receptacles sessile, seated on a superficial,^ felt-like, then floccose and fugacious myce-l , . Hum, gregarious, or fasciculate. Hymenium j smooth. Spores white Receptacles sessile, more or less crowded, dis-^j tinct, seated on, or immersed in an effused, I membranaceous, or floccose stroma. Spores j white Like Cyphella, but spores coloured, smooth,! or echinulate J 16 KEY TO APHYLLOPHORALES, ETC. II. CLAVARIINEAE. Same characters as the suborder CLAVARIACEAE. II. CLAVARIACEAE. Receptacle erect, simple, or branched, branches cylindrical, smooth, or longitu- dinally striate, fleshy, or subcoriaceous, Clavaria. generally putrescent. Spores white, or ochra- ceous, smooth, or rough. Growing on the ground, or on wood Receptacle erect, simple, very rarely branched,^ cylindrically-clavate, with a long, thin stem, often springing from a sclerotium, fleshy, >- Typhula waxy, or tough. Spores white. Growing on fallen twigs and dead leaves Receptacle erect, simple, very rarely forked,N club shaped, with a short, thick, glabrous, or I p / 77 villose stem, fleshy, or waxy. Spores white.] Growing on herbaceous plants J Receptacle filiform, simple, or branched, firm, j tough. Spores white. Growing on the ground, [ Pterula. or on wood j ** EXOB ASIDIINE AE. EXOBASIDIALES. Same characters as the order EXOB ASIDI ACE AE. EXOB ASIDI ACE AE. Mycelium vegetating in the interior of the) li ving host, and giving rise, on the exterior, j- Exobasidium. to basidia j HETEROBASIDIAE. AURICULARIALES. 1 Parasites, with, or without, probasidia PUCCINIINEAE 1 . COLEOSPORIINEAE 1 . USTILAGINEAE 1 . 2. Saprophytes, without probasidia (a) Hymenium fully exposed from the first AURICULARIINEAE. (6) Hymenium inclosed within a peridium ECCHYNINEAE. 1 Not dealt with in the present work. KEY TO ATJRICULARIALES 17 AURICULARIINEAE. Same characters as suborder AURICULABIACEAE. AURICUL ARI ACE AE . Receptacle effused, incrusting, membrana-\ ceous, soft, floccose. Hymenium smooth. Basidia more or less incurved, transversely ^ Helicobasidium. septate; sterigmata subulate, unilateral. Spores white Receptacle effused, or upright, thin, waxy, on gelatinous. Hymenium smooth. Basidia! , , cylindrical, straight, transversely septate.) Spores white J Receptacle dimidiate, cup-shaped, sessile, or substipitate, gelatinous coriaceous, then carti- laginous. Hymenium smooth, reticulate, or ribbed. Basidia cylindrical, transversely 3-septate. Spores white, cylindrical, or sub- reniform Receptacle erect, filiform, or subclavate. Hy- menium smooth. Basidia cylindrical, trans- versely 3-septate. Spores white Eocronartium. (Clavaria p.p. = Helicobasidium sec. Patouillard.) Receptacle erect, globose, stipitate. Hyme-\ nium consisting of branched threads ter- minated by a basidium. Basidia short, pear- > Stilbum. shaped, transversely 1 -septate. Spores white, elliptical. Growing on dead wood / ECCHYNINEAE. Same characters as suborder ECCHYNACEAE. ECCHYNACEAE. Peridium globose, stipitate, or substipitate, thin, fugacious. Threads of gleba bearing the basidia on their lower portion, either in tufts, or scattered. Basidia transversely 3-septate, bearing the spores either sessile, or on very I short sterigmata. Spores brown ' Ecchyna. 18 KEY TO TREMELLALES TREMELLACEAE. Tremella. Phaeotremella. Guepinia. TREMELLALES. Same characters as the order TREMELLACEAE. Receptacle foliaceous, brain-like, or tubercu- lar, gelatinous, soft, fertile over the whole surface, very rarely papillose, sometimes with an irregular nucleus formed by mineral con- cretions. Spores white, globose or elliptical. Growing on dead wood, rarely on the ground Like Tremella, but spores coloured Receptacle erect, ear-shaped, or spathulate \ substipitate, or sessile, gelatinous, firm. Hy-| menium inferior, smooth, or indistinctly veined. \ Spores white. Growing on the ground, or on rotten wood Receptacle cupulate, discoid, foliaceous, or effused, marginate, pendant, sterile on upper surface, gelatinous, soft, pellucid. Hymenium! .-,. inferior, smooth, reticulately veined, or foli- 1 aceous, often papillose. Spores white, allantoid. Growing on wood Receptacle dimidiate, substipitate, or sessile^ gelatinous. Hymenium with fertile spines or - Tremellodon. teeth. Spores white. Growing on wood Like Odontia, but with subgelatinous teeth, } and longitudinally septate basidia. Spores - white. Growing on dead wood Receptacle effused, incrusting, like Corticium,\ coriaceous, gelatinous, or waxy. Hymenium I smooth. Spores white. Growing on the ground, [ or on wood Like Sebacina, but hymenium possessing true) cystidia / Like Sebacina, but hymenium possessing) gloeocystidia filled with a coloured juice / Receptacle cup-shaped, or resupinate with the margin free, or reflexed, membranaceous, waxy, or coriaceous, soft. Hymenium smooth, rugu- lose, or tubercular. Spores white. Growing on dead branches Protodontia. Sebacina. (Thelephora and Corticium p.p.) Sebacina, subg. Heterochaetella. Sebacina, subg. Bourdotia. Eichleriella. KEY TO TULASNELLALES, CALOCERALES 19 TULASNELLACEAE. Tulasnella. CALOCERACEAE. TULASNELLALES. Same characters as the order TULASNELLACEAE. Receptacle effused, fleshy membranaceous, or gelatinous, then cartilaginous. Hymenium smooth, exposed from the first. Spores white, producing sporidiola on germination; sterig- mata very thick and stout. Growing on dead wood, and fallen pine needles CALOCEBALES. Same characters as the order CALOCERACEAE. Receptacle more or less tubercular, or cup->> shaped, entirely gelatinous. Hymenium I ^ smooth, or plicate. Spores white, simple,) a M ?/ 068 - septate, or muriform. Growing on dead wood] Receptacle cup-shaped, or lobed, stipitate, or\ substipitate, gelatinous, or cartilaginous ; stem | firm, indurated. Hymenium smooth. Spores Y Ditiola. white, elliptic-oblong, becoming 1-3-septate. Growing on dead wood / Receptacle erumpent, convex, then plane, \ sessile, gelatinous, or floccose. Hymenium smooth, becoming plicate. Spores yellowish, Y Femsjonia. oblong, becoming 8-10- , or more, septate. Growing on dead, rarely living, wood / Receptacle upright, cylindrical, apex globose,^ or elongate, stipitate, gelatinous, firm. Hy- menium smooth, or rugosely plicate, con- [- Dacryomitra. fined to the upper portion of the receptacle. Spores white. Growing on dead wood Receptacle upright, cylindrical, simple, on branched, gelatinous-coriaceous, cartilaginous! ^ , when dry. Hymenium smooth, amphigenous. j Spores white. Growing on wood / 22 CLATHRUS 21 BASIDIOMYCETAE. Fungi reproduced by spores borne on basidia. HOMOBASIDIAE. Basidia simple; spores on germination giving rise to a myc'elium. *EU-HOMOBASIDIINEAE. Saprophytes. GASTEROMYCETALES. Hymenium inclosed at maturity within a peridium. PHALLINEAE. Peridium globose, consisting of three layers, the middle one gelatin- ous, at length ruptured, with the lower portion forming a volva at the base. Gleba at length mucilaginous, consisting of labyrinthiform cells, attached to the variously shaped receptacle, and finally borne upwards. CLATHRACEAE. Receptacle trellised, or dividing into arms, or branches at the apex, sessile, or stipitate. Gleba internal, or between the arms or branches. Clathrus (Micheli) Pers. (K\eWpov, lattice.) Peridium globose, becoming torn into irregular lobes at the apex. Receptacle forming an obovate, or globose, hollow lattice, covered on the inside with the mucilaginous gleba. Basidia bearing 4-8, sessile, or subsessile, smooth, colourless, cylindrical spores. Growing on the ground. 1. C. ruber (Mich.) Pers. (= Clathrus cancellatus (Tourn.) Fr.) Rolland, Champ, t. 108, no. 245, as Clathrus cancellatus. Ruber, red. Volva 5-10 cm., white, globose, becoming torn into irregular lobes at the apex, attached at the base by a cord-like mycelium. Receptacle vermilion, or pinkish red, obovate, or globose, sessile, forming a hollow, pentagonal net-work, perforated in lattice-, or trellis-fashion, flattened on the outer surface, torn, and irregular on the inner side, and covered with olive brown mucus. Spores white, cylindrical, 5-6 x 2/>i. Smell extremely foetid. Woods, plantations, gardens and stoves. Sept. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 22 LYSTJRUS. ASEROE Lysurus Fr. (\vrt9, loosing; ovpd, tail.) Peridium globose, becoming torn at the apex into irregular lobes. Receptacle stipitate, dividing at the apex into free arms, or lobes, distinct from the stem, bearing the mucilaginous gleba. Basidia with 4-6, sessile, or subsessile, cylindrical, or oblong, coloured spores. Growing on the ground. 2. L. australiensis Cke. & Mass. (= Lysurus borealis (Burt) P. Henn. 1 ) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 3. Australiensis, belonging to Australia. Volva 4-5 cm., white, globose, becoming torn above into irregular lobes, attached to the soil around the base by numerous white, cord- like mycelial strands. Receptacle 6x2 cm., whitish, cylindrical, attenuated at the base, hollow, cellular, dividing at the apex into six arms. Arms deep reddish brown, mucilaginous on the inside, 15-20 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide at the base, attenuated at the apex, with a longitudinal groove down the centre and transversely ribbed, not cellular, differing in texture from the receptacle, erect, slightly incurved at the apex. Spores reddish brown, oblong elliptical, 3 x 1-5 fj,. Pasture where refuse of sacks had been emptied out, and amongst stable refuse. Sept. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) Aseroe La Billard. (acrr/pos, disgusting.) Peridium globose, becoming torn at the apex into irregular lobes. Receptacle stipitate, crowned at the apex by a disc, from which the arms radiate; arms covered with the gleba. Growing on the ground. 3. A. rubra La Billard. Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanz. Fam. i**, t. 137, figs. A C. Rubra, red. Receptacle stipitate, red, or pale rose, sheathed by the volva at the base, pervious at the apex, which is expanded into a bright red disc, furnished at the margin with from five to eight bifid rays. Spores "hyaline, oblong, 6-10 x l'5-2ju." Petch. On soil brought from Australia. Rare. PHALLACEAE. Receptacle hollow, cylindrical, or fusiform, with, or without, a campanulate pileus at the apex. Gleba external. 1 Recorded as a distinct British species by Wakefield in Kew Bulletin of Miscel. Inf. no. 7 (1918), 231. CYNOPHALLUS. PHALLUS 23 Cynophallus (Fr.) Cda. (Mutinus Fr.) (KVCOV, dog; <j>a\\6s, penis.) Peridium oval, or oblong, becoming split at the apex into two or three lobes. Receptacle hollow, cylindrical, or fusiform. Pileus apical, adnate, covered on the outside with the mucilaginous gleba. Basidia with 4-6, sessile, oblong, or cylindrical, pale yellowish spores. Growing on the ground. 4. C. caninus (Huds.) Fr. Sow. Engl. Fung. t. 330, as Phallus in- odorus. Caninus, pertaining to a dog. Volva 1-2 cm., white, or yellowish, oval, or oblong, splitting into two or three lobes at the apex, springing from a white, cord-like mycelium at the base. Receptacle 6-9 x 1 cm., white, or rosy, sub- fusiform, apex perforate or imperforate, hollow, cellular. Pileus red, 2 cm. long, adnate to the apex of the receptacle, acutely digitaliform, covered at first with green mucus. Spores pale yellowish, oblong, 3-5 x 2/*. Smell slight. Amongst dead leaves, and on old stumps, especially in mixed woods. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 5. C. bambusinus (Zoll.) Rea. Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanz. Fam. i**, t. 142, figs. G I, as Mutinus bambusinus Zoll. Bambusinus, pertaining to bamboos. Receptacle 10-12 x 1 cm., bright red, or pinkish, the upper half sporiferous and tapering into an acute point, purplish red, covered at first with green mucus. Spores cylindrical, 4 x 1-5/n. Smell very foetid. Probably introduced with plants from Java. Rare. Phallus (Micheli) Pers. (<aAA.o5, penis.) Peridium globose, becoming torn into irregular lobes at the apex. Receptacle hollow, cylindrical, or fusiform. Pileus reticulated, apical, attached only by the apex, covered on the outside with the mucilaginous gleba. Basidia with 4-8, sessile, oblong, pale yellowish spores. Grow- ing on the ground. 6. P. impudicus (Linn.) Pers. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. figs. 213-214, as Phallus foetidus. Impudicus, shameless. Volva 3-5 cm., white, or yellowish, globose, then oval, splitting into irregular lobes at the apex, springing at the base from dense masses of white, cord-like mycelium. Receptacle white, cylindrical, attenu- ated at both ends, 10-30 x 1-3 cm., cellular, hollow, perforate at the apex. Pileus 3-5 cm. long, cylindrical, white, at first covered with green mucus, attached at the apex to the receptacle by a narrow disc, 24 PHALLUS. HYSTERANGIUM reticulated externally. Spores pale yellowish, oblong, 3-5 x 2/u,. Smell strong, very foetid. Woods, plantations, and gardens, especi- ally under conifers. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. togatus (Kalchbr.) Cost. & Duf. Togatus, cloaked. Differs from the type in having a white, reticulately pierced, pendant veil, attached to the base of the pileus. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. var. iosmos (Berk.) Cke. Curt. Brit. Ent. x, t. 469. tov, violet; 007x77, scent. Differs from the type in its pale reddish grey colour, the strongly toothed borders of the reticulations on the conical pileus and the sweet smell of violets when fresh. Sandhills. Rare. 7. P. imperialis Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 40, fig. 1. Imperialis, imperial. Volva 2-5-7 cm., pink on the outside, white inside, pear-shaped, splitting at the apex into several lobes, springing at the base from a pinkish, or pale blue, cord-like mycelium. Receptacle white, slightly pinkish at the extreme base, 10-25 x 2-3 cm., cylindrical, attenuated at both ends, hollow, cellular. Pileus 3-5 cm. long, white, at first covered with dark green mucus, campanulate, attached at the apex by a broad, circular disc which often becomes yellowish and crenate, reticulated on the outside. Spores hyaline, 3-4 x 1-5-2//,. Smell pleasant, like that of Glycyrrhiza (Liquorice). Micaceous sandy soil. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) HYMENOGASTRINEAE. Peridium globose, consisting of one layer, indehiscent. Gleba formed of cells lined by the hymenium. Cystidia often present. H YSTER ANGI ACE AE . Gleba cells radially arranged on the sterile basal hyphae. Spores olivaceous, oblong, or oblong elliptical. Subterranean. Hysterangium Vitt. (va-repa, the womb; dyyeiov, a vessel.) Peridium globose, separating from the gleba at maturity. Gleba cartilaginous, or mucilaginous, cells at first empty. Basidia some- times bearing eight spores. Spores olivaceous, oblong, or oblong elliptical. Subterranean. HYSTERANGITJM. HYMENOGASTER 25 8. H. nephriticum Berk. i>e<po9, the kidneys. Pe. 1-2-5 cm., white, globose, or globoso-depressed, springing from a much branched, white mycelium, tomentose, peridium rather thick, elastic. Gleba pinkish, then pale blue, or grey, and finally greenish, cells minute, radiating from the base, contracting into a very small space when dried. Spores greenish olivaceous in the mass, drab colour under the microscope, oblong elliptical, pointed at both ends, or blunt at the one end, 10-12 x 4/z. Smell at first like that of Helianthus tuberosus, then disagreeable. Gregarious, sometimes confluent. Buried in the ground. Woods. May Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 9. H. Thwaitesii B. & Br. G. H. K. Thwaites. Pe. 2 cm., white, becoming rufous when touched, subglobose, or slightly irregular, slightly silky, peridium membranaceous. Gleba brownish olive. Spores pale olive, oblong, apiculate, 25-30 x 7-9/x. Buried in the ground. Woods. Aug. Oct. Rare. H YMENOG ASTRACE AE . Surface of peridium sometimes traversed by mycelial strands. Gleba cells arising from the peridium, sometimes empty at first, with, or without, a sterile base. Spores coloured, elliptical, fusiform, globose, smooth, or echinulate. Subterranean or superficial. Hymenogaster (Vitt.) Tul. (vfirjv, a membrane; jacrrr^p, belly.) Gleba cells empty at first, sterile base well-developed. Basidia generally with two sterigmata. Spores coloured, elliptical to fusiform, with a prominent papilla. Subterranean, or superficial. 10. H. Klotzscnii Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. 1. 10, fig. 12. J. F. Klotzsch. Pe. H-5 cm., dirty white, obovate, or subglobose, adpressedly tomentose, base fibrillose. Gleba pallid, becoming rufous ochre. Spores pale brown, minutely tuberculose, broadly elliptic, ends obtuse, 18-20 x 11-13/u,. Pot in greenhouse, and sandy soil. Dec. Bare. 11. H. muticus Berk. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 10, fig. 7. Muticus, curtailed. Pe. 1-5-2-5 cm., white, then tinged with brown, globose, scarcely lobed, at length much cracked. Gleba pale yellow-brown, cells loose, small. Spores pale brown, obovate, oblong, very obtuse (figured by Massee as apiculate at both ends), 18-21 x 10-12/x. Smell slight. Under trees. Nov. Rare. 26 HYMENOGASTER 12. H. luteus Vitt. Vitt. Mon. Tub. t. 3, fig. 9. Luteus, yellow. Pe. 2-3 cm., white, then brownish, subglobose, soft, silky, peridium very thin. Gleba bright yellow, cells small, flexuose. Spores yellowish., oval, or elliptical, 24-28 x 10/x,. Smell pleasant, of "musk" Quel, of "strawberry" Vitt., sometimes "powerfully foetid" Berk. Woods. Sept. March. Not uncommon. 13. H. decorus Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 10, fig. 9. Decor us, graceful. Pe. 2-5-5 cm., dirty white, becoming yellowish in places, roundish. Gleba lilac brown, then blackish, sterile base almost obsolete. Spores ochraceous, then brown, rugulose, broadly elliptical, obtuse, or obtusely apiculate, 24-28 x 13-15 /A; basidia long, slender, some- times flexuose, monosporous rarely bisporous. Wood and tan pits. Oct. Nov. Eare. 14. H. lycoperdineus Vitt. Vitt. Mon. Tub. t. 2, fig. 5. Lycoperdon, a puff-ball. Pe. 2-5 cm., white, then brownish, subglobose, somewhat deformed, plicate at the base, smooth, silky. Gleba whitish, then fuliginous, cells large, irregular. Spores "brownish yellow, oblong or elliptical, somewhat uneven, 19-23 x 9-1 1/u," Kabenh. Smell strong, of onion. Gregarious. In earth, and clay. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 15. H. vulgaris Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 10, fig. 13. Vulgaris, common. Pe. 2-3 cm., whitish, becoming discoloured, subglobose, regular, or variously lobed, or sulcate, soft. Gleba dirty white, then dark brown, cells rather large, irregular, sterile base minute. Spores blackish brown, rugulose, oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, acute, attenuated at the base, 34-40 x 12-14/x. Gregarious, sometimes subcaespitose. Underground. July Oct. Rare. 16. H. pallidus B. & Br. Pallidus, pale. Pe. 6-12 mm., white, then dirty tan colour, round, depressed, nearly smooth. Gleba white, then yellow and finally pale brown, sterile base obsolete. Spores brown, rather rough, lanceolate, acute, shortly pedicellate, 30-36 x 12-14/A. Underground, under firs. Oct. Rare. 17. H. citrinus Vitt. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 1, fig. 1; t. 10, fig. 3. Citrinus, lemon yellow. Pe. 2-4 cm., lemon, or golden yellow, then rufous black, rotundato- gibbous, shining as if silky. Gleba lemon yellow, then brown, cells small, tramal plates yellow. Spores reddish brown, rugulose, lanceo- late, apiculate, 40 x 17-20/z. Smell cheesy. Underground. May Dec. Uncommon. HYMENOGASTER. OCTAVIANIA 27 18. H. olivaceus Vitt. (= Hymenogaster populetorum Berk, sec Massee.) Olivaceus, olive colour. Pe. 24: cm., whitish, becoming rufescent when touched, angularly globose, silky. Gleba whitish, then buff, and finally rufous olive, cells fairly large. Spores brown, rarely slightly rugulose, broadly fusiform, mucronate, pedicellate, 25-30 x 13-14/i. Smell like that of Lactarius theiogalus. Underground in woods. May Nov. Common in the West of England. var. modestus B. & Br. Modestus, decent. Differs from the type in its somewhat cheesy smell and in the pale amber, narrowly fusiform, smooth spores, 25-26 x 8-10/x. Parks. Rare. 19. H. tener Berk. (= Hymenogaster lilacinus Berk. sec. Massee.) Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 1, fig. 4; t. 10, fig. 1. Tener, soft. Pe. 1-3 cm., white, at length dingy, globose, soft, silky, peridium thin. Gleba white, then tinged with pink and finally greyish umber; sterile base white, well developed. Spores ochraceous, verruculose, or rugulose, broadly elliptical, apex papillate, 30 x 14-16/4. Smell like that of Lactarius theiogalus. Underground in woods. Sept. Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 20. H. Thwaitesii B. & Br. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 10, fig. 11. G. H. K. Thwaites. Pe. 1-1-5 cm., dirty white, here and there stained, globose, firm. Gleba brown. Spores brown, rather rough, globose, apex minutely papillate, 11-13/4. Underground. Rare. 21. H. griseus Vitt. Vitt. Mon. Tub. t. 3, fig. 15. Griseus, grey. Pe. 6-12 mm., pale brown, at first covered with whitish down, globose, or irregular. Gleba grey, becoming blackish, cells minute. Spores dark umber brown, irregularly tuberculose, fusiform, 28-32 x 20/4. Smell very pleasant, resembling that of Convallaria majalis. Amongst leaf soil. Woods. Rare. 22. H. pusfflus B. & Br. Pusillus, very small. Pe. 3-4 mm., white, yellowish brown when dry, and then like Sclero- tium complanatum, obovate, or subdepressed, nearly smooth. Gleba dirty white, cells large, sterile base large. Spores pallid rubiginous, at length rough, broadly elliptic, apex papillate, 14-16 x 10/4; basidia with two long sterigmata. Smell very slight. Mossy ground. Oct. Rare. ^ Octaviania Vitt. (Dr Vincent Ottaviani.) Peridium globose, oblong, or irregular, soft, fibrous. Gleba cells arising from the peridium, empty at first, tramal plates splitting, 28 OCTAVIANIA. HYDNANGItTM becoming mucilaginous, with a distinct sterile base. Spores coloured, globose, or broadly elliptical, echinulate, or verrucose. Subterranean, or superficial. 23. 0. asterosperma Vitt. Boud. Icon. t. 191. aa-rrjp, a star; <nrep/j,a, seed. Pe. 1-3 cm., whitish, then greyish fuliginous, becoming greenish blue when rubbed, or exposed to the air, subglobose or irregular, covered with a tomentum that breaks up into floccose, flattened warts. Walls of the rounded cavities of the gleba white, becoming greenish blue when rubbed. Spores brownish purple in the mass, echinulate, globose, 15 18/A. Smell pleasant. Branches and leaves underground, or partially exposed. Oct. Bare. 24. 0. Stephensii (Berk.) Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 21, fig. 6. H. 0. Stephens. Pe. 2-3 cm., rufous, irregular, oblong; base rugoso-plicate, cribrous, furnished with a branched, fibrous root. Gleba white, yielding when cut a white milky fluid, which becomes red when exposed to the air then yellowish, cells minute. Spores pale brown, echinulate, globose, 11-14: p. Smell unpleasant, "like that of Lactarius theiogalus" Berk. Underground, or half buried. Aug. Dec. Rare. 25. 0. compacta Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 11, fig. 3. Compacta, dense. Pe. 6-20 mm., white, globose, or irregular, minutely cottony, fur- nished with a dense mass of white mycelium. Gleba pinkish, or yellowish, cells minute, globose, or irregularly oblong. Spores pale yellow, becoming brighter, very minutely verruculose, globose, 5 6 JJL. Gregarious. Underground, or half buried. Oct. Nov. Rare. Hydnangium Wallr. (vSvov, truffle; dyyeiov, a vessel.) Peridium oblong, or roundish, not separable from the gleba. Gleba cells arising from the peridium, empty at first, tramal plates not splitting; sterile base absent. Basidia with 1^-sterigmata, cystidia present. Spores ochraceous, globose, or elliptic-oblong, echinulate. Subterranean, or superficial. 26. H. carotaecolor B. & Br. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 20, fig. 1. Car ota, carrot; color, colour. Pe. 1-5-3 cm., pale orange red, or carrot colour, staining paper lemon colour, oblong, or roundish, rootless, rugulose, slightly tomentose. Gleba orange, cells minute, irregular. Spores pale ochraceous, coarsely HYDNANGIUM. RHIZOPOGON 29 echinulate, elliptic-oblong, 12-15 x 9-10/z, with a large central gutta. Often somewhat superficial. Woods and downs under trees. Aug. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 27. H. carneum Wallr. Boud. Icon. t. 192. Carneum, flesh colour. Pe. 1-5-3 cm., flesh colour, subglobose, or irregular, slightly tomen- tose, then smooth, and somewht marbled, attached at the base to the soil. Gleba concolorous, cells small, irregular. Spores yellowish in the mass, hyaline under the microscope, with long acute spines, globose, 13-18/t. Subterranean, or somewhat superficial. About the roots of Eucalyptus. Oct. Dec. Rare. Rhizopogon Fr. (pia, root; Tr&xyo)!/, beard.) Peridium globose, or oblong, covered on the surface with mycelial strands. Gleba cells arising from the peridium, empty at first. Basidia bearing 2-8 sessile spores. Spores coloured, oblong elliptical. Sub- superficial. 28. R. rubescens Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 11, fig. 4; t. 2, fig. 1. Rubescens, becoming red. Pe. 2-6 cm., white, becoming reddish when exposed to the air, then yellow or olive, ovate, or globose, silky, covered with numerous strands of the mycelium which become reddish when touched. Gleba yellowish then brownish, cells small, irregular. Spores pale ochraceous, oblong elliptical, 7-8 x 3/u,, 1-3-guttulate ; basidia with 2-8-sterigmata. Smell somewhat acid, then unpleasant. Somewhat superficial. Sandy fir woods. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 29. R. luteolus Fr. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 1, fig. 5; t. 11, fig. 5. Luteolus, yellowish. Pe. 2-5 cm., whitish, becoming dirty yellow, then olive brown, globose, or oblong ovate, clothed with numerous free, or adnate, mycelial strands, peridium thick, subcoriaceous. Gleba olivaceous, tramal plates whitish, cells minute, rounded. Spores olivaceous, oblong elliptical, 6-7 x 3/z, 2-guttulate. Smell slight, then strong. Some- what superficial. Sandy fir woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) LYCOPERDINEAE. Peridium globose, or variously shaped, consisting of two or more layers ; dehiscing by an apical aperture, or by the gradual falling away of the upper peridial walls. Gleba consisting of cells lined by the hymenium, finally breaking down into a powdery mass, consisting of spores, and capillitium threads, attached to the endoperidial walls or springing from a central columella, or entirely free with, or without, a sterile base. Basidia bearing 4-8 sessile, or stipitate spores. Spores 30 LYCOPERDON coloured, smooth, verrucose, or echinulate, globose, subglobose, or elliptical, sometimes with the sterigma remaining attached. Super- ficial. LYCOPERDACEAE. Same characters as the suborder. Lycoperdon (Tournef.) Pers. (XVKOS, a wolf; "jrepBo/j^ai, I break wind.) Peridium globose, or variously shaped; exoperidium pseudo- parenchymatous, fleshy, or membranaceous, spinulose, warted, granular, or smooth, fugacious; endoperidium membranaceous, or papyraceous, thin, dehiscing by an apical aperture, or by the gradual falling away of the upper portion. Gleba with, or without, a sterile base. Capillitium threads long, branched, not consisting of a distinct stem and branches, attached to the peridium or to a central columella. Spores coloured, echinulate, verrucose, or smooth, globose, or ellip- tical. Superficial. I. Peridium dehiscing by the upper portion gradually falling away in pieces. Capillitium very long, and much branched. Sterile base persistent. 30. L. giganteum (Batsch) Pers. (= Lycoperdon Bovista (Linn.) Fr.) Boud. Icon. t. 188-189, as Lycoperdon Bovista Linn. 7/ya9, giant. Pe. 15-16 cm., white, then yellowish, or olivaceous, globose, or de- pressed, oval, pumpkin-shaped, often more or less plicate at the base, sessile, attached by a cord-like mycelium; exoperidium at first sub- tomentose, then becoming smooth like a kid glove, fragile, ultimately splitting up and falling away in pieces from the endoperidium, which is also very thin, brittle and evanescent above. Gleba white, then yellowish and finally olivaceous, compact. Sterile base very thin, or almost absent. Spores olivaceous, or brownish, verrucose, globose, sometimes pedicellate, 4-5 /LI. Capillitium brown, very long, branched, septate, 3-5/u, in diam., persistent. Edible. Pastures, gardens and roadsides. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 31. L. caelatum (Bull.) Fr. (= Lycoperdon favosum (Rostk.) Bonord.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 20, fig. 7. Caelatum, engraved. Pe. 7-12 cm., white, then ochraceous, and finally tinged brownish, subglobose, oval or depressed, contracted below into a more or less stem-like base with thick mycelium; exoperidium floccose, covered with large, distant warts, and cracking into net-like areolae; warts evanescent above, and separating in patches from the endoperidium; endoperidium thick, fragile, thinner in the upper half and finally falling away in pieces, leaving only the cup-like sterile base with its LYCOPERDON 31 diaphragm. Gleba white, then yellowish, and finally olivaceous, com- pact. Sterile base, thick, persistent, forming nearly half the peridium, separated from the fertile portion by a distinct, membranaceous dia- phragm. Spores dark olivaceous, globose, rarely very shortly pedi- cellate, 4 5/A. Capillitium yellowish, very long, flexuose, branched, brittle, 6-7 /z in diam. Edible. Woods, heaths and pastures. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 32. L. saccatum (Vahl.) Fr. Krombh. Icon. t. 30, figs. 11-12. <ra#/eo<?, a bag. Pe. 7-18 cm. high, 3-12 cm. wide, whitish, or greyish, becoming tinged brownish with age, clavate, or pestle-like, rounded above, obtuse, plicato-lacunose below and continued into a long stem-like base, 2-5-6 cm. wide, cylindrical, or subventricose, often scrobiculate, exoperidium consisting of small fugacious, spinulose warts, and granules which soon disappear from the upper portion the warts split at the base and coalesce in a fine point at the apex; endo- peridium concolorous, very thin, fragile, falling away in patches. Gleba white, then yellow, and finally olivaceous, compact. Sterile base reaching to the apex of the stem-like portion of the peridium, convex, cellular, firm. Spores olivaceous, verrucose, globose, 4-5fi. Capil- litium pale yellowish, very long, branched, 3-5/x. in diam. Edible. Woods, heaths and pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 33. L. excipuliforme (Scop.) Pers. Fr. Sverig. Svamp. t. 73. Excipula, a vessel ; forma, shape. Pe. 5-13 cm. high, 411 cm. wide, greyish, becoming tinged with yellow or brown, globose, often compressed, plicate on the underside and continued into a short, or fairly long, stout, broad, stem-like base; exoperidium consisting of long, delicate, floccose spines, separate at their base but confluent at their apices, becoming smaller downwards, wearing away with age and weathering; endoperidium floccose, thick, firm, only gradually wearing away and disappearing in the upper portion. Gleba white, then yellowish, and finally brown- ish olivaceous. Sterile base whitish, becoming yellowish or greenish, cellular, concave, extending to the apex of the stem-like base of the peridium. Spores fuscous olivaceous, echinulate, globose, 3-5jU,. Capillitium olivaceous, becoming hyaline, flexuose, rarely branched, 3-5/u, in diam. Edible. Woods and pastures. April Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. flavescens Quel. Flavescens, becoming yellowish. Differs from the type in its smaller size, its club-shaped peridium and its brighter yellow colour. Heaths and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 32 LYCOPERDON II. Peridium deliiscing by an apical mouth, followed by the upper portion falling away in pieces. Sterile base persistent, separated from the gleba by a distinct diaphragm. 34. L. depression Bon. (= Lycoperdon hyemale (Pers.) Vitt. sec. Hollos, Lycoperdon pratense Pers. sec. Lloyd.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. u, t. 9. Depressum, depressed. Pe. 2-5 cm., yellowish white, then greyish yellow, and finally brownish, obconic, at first rounded at both ends, then flattened on the top, often compressed at the sides, more or less contracted at the base and plicate ; exoperidium consisting of whitish spines united at the apex, intermixed with minute, simple spines and furfuraceous granules, all of which disappear with age and weathering; endoperidium con- colorous, thin above, dehiscing by a well-defined apical mouth which soon extends until the whole of the upper portion of the peridium disappears. Gleba white, then yellowish, and finally fuscous olivace- ous, separated from the sterile base by a distinct membranaceous dia- phragm. Sterile base with large cells, often forming one half of the peridium. Spores olivaceous, globose, 4/i. Capillitium colourless, branched, flexuose, rough, 4 6/x, in diam. Heaths, pastures and hill- sides. Aug. March. Common, (v.v.) 35. L. candidum Pers. (= Lycoperdon papillatum (Schaeff.) Hollos.) Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 51, as Lycoperdon cruciatum. Candidum, shining white. Pe. 2-5 cm., white, then yellowish, and finally pale darkish brown, globose, or usually depressed, often plicate beneath and continued into a stem-like base attached to the white cord-like mycelium; exo- peridium consisting of white, blunt cruciate spines which adhere to- gether and peel off in patches', endoperidium yellowish, then pale darkish brown, minutely furfuraceous, thin. Gleba olive, then dark brown, with a distinct diaphragm separating it from the sterile base. Sterile base with large cells, about a quarter to a third of the peridium, rarely very small. Spores dark brown, globose, often pedicellate, 3-5-4/Lt. Capillitium coloured, sparingly branched, 5-7 p, in diam. Pastures and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) III. Peridium dehiscing by an apical mouth. Sterile base not separated from the gleba by a diaphragm. A. Spores strongly echinulate or verrucose. 36. L. echinatum Pers. Holland, Champ, t. 110, no. 251. e'^tz/09, a hedgehog. Pe. 2-6 cm., white, then ochraceous and finally brown, obovate, or subglobose, often compressed, sometimes rather attenuated at the base, attached by a long, white, cord-like mycelium; exoperidium LYCOPERDON 33 consisting of long, conical warts, separate at the base and often coalescent at their apices, white, then ochraceous, and finally brown- ish, surrounded at the base of the warts by a ring of minute, mealy warts ; the warts on the upper portion of the peridium disappear with age and weathering and then the pale brown inner peridium presents a net-like appearance from the persistent rings of darker brown, mealy warts. Mouth simple, apical, torn. Gleba olivaceous, then violet, or brownish purple, compact. Sterile base about one-third of the peridium, sometimes very small, cellular. Spores purple umber, echinulate, globose, 4-6/A. Capillitium purplish, much branched, branches pointed, 3-4JU, in diam. Woods and plantations, especially beech. March Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 37. L. Hoylei Berk. Hoyle. Pe. 3-4 cm., brownish, subglobose, ovate, or subpyriform; exo- peridium consisting of long, pyramidal warts, separate at the base, coalescent at the apices, ochraceous at first, then brownish, at the base of the larger warts surrounded by a ring of minute, dark brown warts, that give a net-like appearance to the paler inner peridium when the larger warts fall away. Mouth small, irregularly torn. Gleba olivaceous, then purplish, compact. Sterile base, bright olive, compact. Spores purple, verrucose, globose, 5/i. Capillitium yellowish, sparingly branched, flexuose, uneven, 4-5 /z in diam. Amongst leaves in woods. Oct. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 38. L. atropurpureum Vitt. Vitt. Mon. Lye. t. 2, fig. 6. Ater, black; purpureum, purple. Pe. 2-5-6 cm., greyish, or brownish, yellowish towards the base, sub- globose, or pyriform, sessile, or attenuated into a stem-like base, often plicate below, thin, soft, flexible; exoperidium consisting of long, thin, brownish spines, often coalescent at their apices, becoming shorter towards the base, brittle, falling away and exposing the smooth, somewhat shining, light brown, or purplish endoperidium. Mouth small, irregular. Gleba olivaceous, then brownish and finally dark purple. Sterile base cellular, shallow, rarely reaching a third of the peridium. Spores dark purple, strongly verrucose, globose, sometimes pedicellate, 5-7 /A. Columella globose. Capillitium branched, 4-6jii in diam. Oak woods and heaths. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 39. L. mnbrinum Pers. Pers. Icon. Pictae, t. 18, fig. 3. Umbrinum, umber colour. Pe. 2-5-5 cm., umber, obovate, or pear-shaped ; exoperidium densely covered with long, brown, slender spines, that are generally con- nivent by twos at their acute apices, simple at the base and -arising 3 34 LYCOPERDON from the pale brown endoperidium, somewhat brittle and deciduous. Mouth small, round, or toothed, apical. Gleba dark umber in the centre, paler towards the periphery and more lax. Sterile base oliva- ceous, about one-third of the peridium. Spores reddish brown, verrucose, globose, 4/z. Capillitium pale yellowish, branched, flexuose, uneven, forming a small pseudo-columella. Woods and heaths. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 40. L. velatum Vitt. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 3. Velatum, veiled. Pe. 3-6 cm., snow white, then flesh colour, and finally greyish, or yellowish, subglobose, or pyriform, often slightly umbonate, attached by a white cord-like mycelium at the base; exoperidium white, then slightly yellowish, tomentose, breaking up into evanescent, star-shaped rosettes and often forming a ring-like zone at the apex of the sterile basal stratum, finally disappearing almost completely ; endoperidium concolorous, furfuraceous, minutely spinulose. Mouth small, apical, irregular. Gleba white, then fulvous, and finally ash colour, or purplish. Sterile base whitish, cellular, reaching to the apex of the stem-like portion of the peridium. Spores yellow, obtusely verrucose, globose, 4-5/i. Capillitium yellow, with darker walls, 3-4/u, in diam. Woods and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) B. Spores smooth or only minutely verrucose, or punctate. *Sterile base with large cells. 41. L. perlatum Pers. (= Lycoperdon gemmatum Auct. pi.) Holland, Champ, t. 109, no. 247, as Lycoperdon gemmatum. Perlatum, very wide-spread. Pe. 2-5-5 cm., snow white, then yellowish, and finally brownish, especi- ally above, turbinate, or subglobose with an elongated, cylindrical stem-like base, rarely subglobose, or depressed and nearly sessile, always umbonate, generally plicate and lacunose below, and attached, often in pairs, to a white, cord-like mycelium; exoperidium consist- ing of acute, or obtuse spines, each surrounded by a ring of smaller, obtuse warts, which give a net-like appearance to the endoperidium when the large spines are rubbed off or fall away. Mouth small, at the apex of the umbo. Gleba white, then greenish yellow, and finally olivaceous. Sterile base convex, cellular, reaching to the apex of the stem-like base. Spores olivaceous, smooth, or minutely punctate, globose, 4/x. Columella prominent, elliptical, loose. Capillitium olivaceous, simple, sparingly branched, 3-6/x in diam. Woods and pastures. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. lacunosum (Bull.). Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 52. Lacunosum, full of hollows. Differs from the type in the lacunose, scrobiculate, depressed pits on the stem-like base of the peridium. Heaths. Oct. Uncommon. LYCOPERDON 35 42. L. molle Pers. Molle, soft. Pe. 1-3 cm., white, then yellowish, or tan colour, turbinate, or globose, depressed above, and abruptly attenuated into a short, thick, stem- like base, and attached by a white, fibrous mycelium; exoperidium consisting of fugacious, furfuraceous spines and granules; endo- peridium olive brown, thin, papyraceous, collapsing, shining. Mouth small, irregular. G-leba greenish yellow, then brownish olivaceous. Sterile base paler, cellular, one-third of the peridium. Spores ochraceous olive, very minutely warted, globose, often shortly pedi- cellate, 3-4/i. Capillitium yellow, branched, 4-6/u, in diam. Woods, especially oak. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 43. L. nigrescens Pers. Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 123. Nigrescens, becoming black. Pe. 3-5 cm. high and wide, brown, subglobose, depressed above, attenuated downwards into a stem-like base; exoperidium con- sisting of long, stiff, brown spines, connivent at their apices and surrounded by a circle of minute, brown warts, or granules, which, when the larger spines fall away, give a net-like appearance to the endoperidium ; endoperidium paler, thin, smooth. Gleba olive umber, somewhat lax. Sterile base of large cells, filling the stem- like portion of the peridium. Spores olivaceous umber, globose, very minutely verrucose, with caducous pedicels 4-5 p. Capillitium olivaceous, rarely branched, 4 6/^t in diam. Woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 44. L. pyriforme (Schaeff.) Pers. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 304. Pyrus, pear;/orma, shape. Pe. 2-5-10 cm. high, 1-3 cm. wide, white, grey, or brownish, pyri- form, or subglobose, subumbonate, attached at the base by long, white, cord-like mycelial strands, thin, flaccid; exoperidium con- sisting of minute, fugacious, pointed spines and granules; endo- peridium concolorous, smooth. Mouth small, apical, torn. Gleba white, then greenish yellow, and finally brownish. Sterile base white, becoming discoloured, of rather small cells, forming the stem-like portion of the peridium. Spores olivaceous, globose, 4//,. Columella distinct, subglobose. Capillitium olivaceous, branched, long, 4-5 //, in diam. Generally caespitose. Stumps, logs and buried debris of wood. May Feb. Common, (v.v,) var. serotinum (Bon.) Hollos. Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 50, figs. 1-2, as Lycoperdon serotinum. Serotinum, late. Differs from the type in the peridium becoming broken up into areolae. Stumps and logs. Oct. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 32 36 LYCOPERDON var. excipuliforme Desmaz. Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 49, as Lycoperdon Desmazieres. Excipula, a vessel ; forma, shape. Differs from the type in the peridium being contracted abruptly into a long, slender stem. Stumps and logs. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon. (v.v.) var. tessellatum Pers. Lloyd, The Lycop. Unit. St. t. 50, figs. 3-6. Tessellatum, checkered. Differs from the type in the reddish brown exoperidium becoming broken up into indurated areolae. Stumps. Oct. Nov. Uncommon. (v.v.) 45. L. spadiceum Pers. (= Lycoperdon Cookei Massee sec. Hollos.) Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 54. Spadiceum, date brown. Pe. 1-2 cm., bluish grey, soon yellowish, and finally light brown, obovate and flattened below, or globose, abruptly contracted into a stem-like base, and somewhat pear-shaped, whitish, becoming yellowish towards the base ; exoperidium consisting of minute, nodular, granular or subfurfuraceous spines; endoperidium concolorous, thin, often covered with lime granules. Mouth apical, small, irregular. Gleba olive, then brown. Sterile base whitish, then yellowish, and finally umber brown, fairly large celled, convex, reaching to a third of the peridium. Spores yellow, then olivaceous, globose, sometimes pedi- cellate, 4/A. Capillitium yellowish, simple, rarely branched, 4-6/i in diam. Gregarious. Sandy soil on heaths and lawns. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) **Sterile base with minute cells. 46. L. polymorphum Vitt. (= Lycoperdon furfuraceum (Schaeff.) Sacc.) Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 34 and 52. 7ToA.u9, many; popfyr], shape. Pe. -5-3 cm., white, then dirty yellow, or greyish brown, and finally yellowish brown, somewhat reddish at the base when quite mature, round, often depressed, sometimes pear-shaped, or attenuated into a stem- like short base, thin, membranaceous ; exoperidium consisting of minute, fugacious, furfuraceous spines and granules; endoperidium thin, smooth and shining. Mouth apical, small, becoming torn. Gleba yellowish, then olivaceous brown. Sterile base, very compact, con- sisting of cells only perceptible under a lens, concolorous, reaching to the apex of the stem-like base of the peridium. Spores yellowish, very minutely warted, globose, sometimes with a wart-like basal apiculus the remains of the sterigma, 3-4/1,. Capillitium yellowish, or yellowish brown, branched, 4-6 /u, in diam. Sandy pastures and heaths. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) LYCOPERDON. BOVISTELLA 37 var. cepaeforme (Bull.) Lloyd. Morgan, N. Amer. Fung, in Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist, xiv, t. 2, fig. 9. Cepa, onion', forma, shape. Differs from the type in its constant subglobose shape, and in the very scanty sterile base. Sandy soil on heaths. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) ***Sterile base absent. 47. L. pusillum (Batsch) Pers. Lloyd, The Genus Lycop. in Eur. t. 53, figs. 9-11. Pusillum, very small. Pe. 9-20 mm., white, then yellowish, globose, attenuated at the base into a tapering root ending in the white mycelial strands, membra- naceous, flaccid; exoperidium consisting of minute, adpressed, fugacious, mealy squamules; endoperidium smooth, shining, thin. Mouth apical, small, irregular. Gleba white, then yellowish, or greenish yellow, and finally brownish olivaceous. Sterile base absent. Spores olivaceous ochre, very minutely warted, globose, sometimes pedicellate, 3-5-4 /A. Capillitium yellow, much branched, tapering at the ends, S-5-4//, in diam. Sandy soil on heaths. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) Bovistella Morgan. (Diminutive of Bovista, a puff-ball.) Peridium subglobose; exoperidium thick, or thin, floccose, or smooth, fugacious; endoperidium membranaceous, thin, dehiscing by an apical aperture. Gleba with a well-developed sterile base. Capil- litium threads free, consisting of a thick stem, and dichotomous, pointed branches. Spores coloured, globose, or oval, smooth, pedicellate. Superficial. 48. B. paludosa (Lev.) Lloyd. (= Bovista paludosa Lev.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8. Paludosa, of marshes. Pe. 3 cm. high and wide, pale yellow, tinged with reddish brown, subglobose, plicate below and abruptly attenuated into a well-de- veloped stem-like base; exoperidium pale ochraceous (like a coat of whitewash), gradually disappearing, very thin; endoperidium con- color ous, becoming somewhat brownish with age, thin, flexible. Mouth apical, minute. Gleba dark olive. Sterile base well developed, reaching to the apex of the stem-like portion of the peridium. Spores olive, globose, 4-5ju,, with long, hyaline, slender pedicels 9-10/A long. Capillitium yellowish, thick walls deeper coloured, consisting of separate, branched threads tapering to a point; branches 3-4 /A in diam., main stem 9-12ju, in diam. Moors. Aug. Rare, (v.v.) 49791 38 BOVISTELLA. BOVISTA 49. B. ammophila (Lev.) Lloyd. (= Bovista ammophila Lev.) Lloyd, Myc. Writings, n, t. 87, figs. 5-6 1 . a/i/i09, sand; (1X09, loving. Pe. 3 cm., whitish, then pallid, broadly obovate, plicate below and attenuated into a long, slender, taproot-like base, thin, brittle, rigid, hard; exoperidium whitish broken up into tomentose warts; endo- peridium pallid, thin. Mouth small, apical, irregularly torn. Gleba dark brown. Sterile base of large cells, very firm, rigid, about one- third of the peridium. Spores olive in the mass, pale under the micro- scope, oval, 4-5/Lt with slender, tapering pedicels. Capillitium olive, thick walled, consisting of separate, short, branched threads. Sandy places. Sept. Rare. Bovista (Dill.) Morgan. (Bofist, a puff-ball.) Peridium subglobose; exoperidium fleshy, smooth, fugacious, sometimes persistent at the base; endoperidium membranaceous, becoming papyraceous, thin, soft, dehiscing by an apical aperture, or opening irregularly. Gleba without a sterile base. Capillitium threads free, consisting of a thick stem, and dichotomous, long pointed branches. Spores coloured, globose, oval, or elliptical, smooth, pedi- cellate. Superficial. 50. B. nigrescens Pers. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 20, fig. 5. Nigrescens, becoming black. Pe. 2-5-6 cm., whitish, then pale dark brown, or umber brown, and finally blackish umber, globose; exoperidium whitish, papyraceous, soon breaking away; endoperidium concolorous, thin, tough, shining, smooth. Mouth apical, irregular, torn. Gleba white, then ochraceous, or olivaceous, and finally purple, soft, loose. Spores umber purple, globose, or slightly oval, 5-6/z, with long, hyaline pedicels. Capil- litium dark brown, thick walled, bent, branched, branches pointed at the ends, 12-18/x in diam. Pastures and heaths. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 51. B. plombea Fr. (= Bovista ammophila Lev. ex Massee in Journ. of Bot. (1883), 133.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 20, fig. 6. Plumbea, lead colour. Pe. 1-3 cm., whitish, then lead colour, globose, or depressed ; exo- peridium white, thin, smooth, soon peeling off, sometimes leaving a persistent portion near the base; endoperidium lead colour, thin, tough, opaque. Mouth apical, round, oval, or irregular. Gleba white, then ochraceous, or olive, and finally purplish brown, soft, loose. 1 Lloyd states, l.c. n, 262, that the British record rests on an erroneous determination. BOVISTA. MYRIOSTOMA 39 Spores brown, subglobose, or oval, 6-7 x 5-6/i, with long, hyaline pedicels. Capillitium brown, thick walled, branched, branches pointed at the ends, 12-16/z in diam. Pastures and heaths. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 52. B. olivacea Cke. & Massee. Olivacea, olive colour. Pe. 3-5 cm., white, or ochraceous, globose; exoperidium very thin, fugacious; endoperidium concolorous, thick, soft, becoming brittle and breaking away in patches upwards. Gleba citron, then olive, dense.' Spores pale yellow, globose, 5/z, sometimes pedicellate. Capillitium pale, thin, flaccid. Pastures. Sept. Rare. 53. B. ovalispora Cke. & Massee. Ovalis, oval; a-Tropd, seed. Pe. 5-6 cm., whitish, or ochraceous, subglobose ; exoperidium break- ing away in patches above, subpersistent towards the base; endo- peridium dull lead colour, thin, flaccid, smooth. Mouth apical, irregular. Gleba umber. Spores brownish umber, with a narrow hyaline border, elliptical, 6 x 4 5/*, with long, stout, hyaline pedicels. Capillitium umber, thick walled, much and vaguely branched, taper- ing to long slender tips, 12-16/A in diam. Lawns. Rare. Myriostoma Desv. (livpios, countless; ar6/j,a, mouth.) Peridium subglobose; exoperidium consisting of two layers, a fibrous, or mycelial layer, and a pseudo-parenchymatous layer, thick, fleshy-coriaceous, splitting at maturity from the apex downwards into several star-like lobes which become refiexed; endoperidium membra- naceous, then papyraceous, thin, supported on several short stems, dehiscing by many apertures, or mouths. Capillitium threads simple, rarely branched, tapering at the end. Spores coloured, minutely verrucose, globose. Superficial. 54. M. coliforme (Dicks.) Cda. (= Geastrum coliforme (Dicks.) Pers.) Dicks. PL Crypt. Brit. t. 3, fig. 4, as Lycoperdon coliforme. Colum, a strainer ; forma, shape. Exoperidium 7-10 cm., ochraceous, round, covered with large, angular dark brown scales, splitting into 4-7 sharp pointed lobes, divided almost up to the middle, reflexed, seldom inflexed; endo- peridia lead colour, or brownish, round, compressed, with a silvery sheen, minutely warted, supported on numerous, slender, angular, or cylindrical, sometimes branched pedicels, mouths numerous, cili- ated. Spores umber brown, verrucose, globose, 4-6/M. Columellas numerous, filamentous, branched, or unbranched. Capillitium pale brown, simple, flexuose, thick walled, pointed at the ends, rarely branched, 3-4jU in diam. Sandy soil. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 40 GEASTER Geaster (Micheli) Fr. (yfj, earth; da-rijp, star.) Peridium subglobose, rarely ovate acuminate; exoperidium con- sisting of two layers, a fibrous, or mycelial layer, and a pseudo- parenchymatous layer, thick, fleshy-coriaceous, at first closely in- vesting the endoperidium but distinct splitting at maturity from the apex downwards into several, star-like lobes, which often become re- flexed; endoperidium membranaceous, then papyraceous, thin, shortly stipitate, or sessile, dehiscing by a single aperture or mouth. Capillitium threads simple, long, slender, tapering at each end, attached to the peridium, or a central columella, the other end free. Basidia bearing 4-8 spores. Spores coloured, minutely verrucose, globose. Half buried at first, then superficial. I. Exoperidium not splitting up into two portions when expanded. *Peristome sulcate. f Endoperidium stipitate. 55. G. Bryantii Berk. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 18. Charles Bryant. Exoperidium 2-6 cm., snow white, then pale ochraceous, and brown- ish, globose, coriaceous, splitting up into 8-10 unequal, acute lobes, divided almost to the middle, expanded, then recurved, brownish inside, fleshy, then cracked, the collenchyma layer finally disappear- ing with the exception of a circular ring at the base of the stem; endoperidium -5-2 cm., snow white, then ochraceous, becoming blackish blue when weathered, mealy, then smooth, subglobose, or pear-shaped, compressed above, pedicellate, with a distinct, permanent groove round the apex of the stem. Peristome long, conical, deeply furrowed, stria te. Stem 5-10 x 2 mm., whitish, or brownish, cylindrical, or compressed, slightly enlarged at the apex. Spores fuscous, obtusely warted, globose, 4-5/A. Columella globose, broad at the base. Capillitium brownish, subfusiform, or subcylindrical, rarely slightly branched towards the ends, 4-6 //, in diam. Amongst leaves in woods and hedge- rows. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. minor Berk. Minor, smaller. Differs from the type in its smaller size. 56. G. pectinatus (Pers.) Lloyd. (= Geaster Schmideli Vitt.) Lloyd, The Geastrae, figs. 19-22. Pectinatus, with teeth like a comb. Exoperidium 3-6 cm., white, then ochraceous, globose, splitting up into 5-10, subequal, acute lobes, divided up to about the middle, revolute, whitish, or ochraceous inside, fleshy, the flesh cracking and GEASTER 41 falling away; endoperidium 1-2-5 cm., brown, or lead colour, sub- globose, mealy, attenuated into the stem and striate at the base. Peristome prominent, long, conical, deeply sulcate, apex fimbriate. Stem 6-8 x 2-3 mm., whitish, or concolorous, cylindrical. Spores blackish umber, verrucose, globose, 4-6/u,. Columella thick, half as high as the endoperidium. Capillitium brown, fusiform, simple, 47 p, in diam. Pine woods and under conifers. Rare. 57. G. Berkeley! Massee. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 18, as Geaster asper Lloyd. Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of British mycology. Exoperidium 6-9 cm., ochraceous, then brownish, globose, splitting up into 7-9, unequal, acute lobes, divided to the middle, expanded, then slightly recurved, hard, firm, brown inside, becoming slightly cracked, even; endoperidium 2-3 cm., brown, becoming paler, broadly ovate, coarsely papillose, or granular, pedicellate. Peristome long, prominent, conical, sulcato-striate, surrounded by a smooth, depressed, silky zone. Stem 3-5 x 6-8 mm., pale, compressed. Spores umber, acutely warted, globose, 5-6 /A. Columella globose, short. Capillitium brown, cylindrical, 9-lOju, in diam. Under trees and amongst fir leaves. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) ffEndoperidium sessile. 58. G. umbilicatus Fr. (= Geaster striatus DC. ex W. G. Smith, Grevillea, n, t. 16, fig. 1, sec. Hollos, Geaster Smithii Lloyd.) Umbilicatus, having a navel. Exoperidium 2-4 cm., whitish, or tan colour, then brown, globose, splitting into 412, unequal lobes, divided almost to the middle, con- vex at the base and reflexed, the tips incurved when dry, the outer mycelial layer thin, usually adnate with adhering sand, the inner fleshy layer brownish, adnate, thin when dry; endoperidium 5-15 mm., whitish grey, opaque, roundish, or oval, sessile, appearing slightly pedicellate when dried. Peristome flattened (or when old conical), seated on a depressed area, regularly sulcato-striate. Spores blackish fuscous, slightly verrucose, apiculate, globose, 4-6/z. Capillitium 4-6/x in diam. Sandy places and coniferous woods. Nov. Rare. **Peristome not sulcate. fEndoperidium stipitate. 59. G. limbatus Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 18. Limbatus, fringed. Exoperidium 3-5-9 cm., blackish, or dark brown, globose, splitting into 7-10, unequal, acute lobes, divided nearly to the middle, ex- panded, or recurved, leathery, flexible, fibrillose, dark brown, or grey 42 GEASTER inside, fleshy, smooth or cracked; endoperidium 1-3 cm., grey, some- times light or dark brown, globose, or subpyriform, compressed, some- times swollen at the base near the apex of the stem. Peristome depressed, conical, subacute, fimbriato-ciliate, often surrounded by a pale silky circle. Stem 3-5 x 4-10 mm., concolorous, or paler, com- pressed. Spores blackish purple, acutely warted, globose, 4 5ju. Columella almost wanting. Capillitium brownish, fusiform, 5-7 /JL in diam. Woods, hedgebanks, amongst firs and leaves. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) tfEndoperidium sessile. (a) Exoperidium strongly incurved when dry. 60. G. mammosus Chev. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 401, as Lycoperdon recolligens. Mammosus, full-breasted. Exoperidium 2-5-5 cm., ochraceous, variegated with white, or silvery white, globose, splitting into 7-10, acute, somewhat narrow lobes, divided nearly to the base, very hygroscopic, strongly inrolled when dry, often umbilicate at the base; chestnut brown inside, smooth; endo- peridium 815 mm., yellowish, or light brown, globose, sessile, smooth. Peristome conical, acute, fimbriato-ciliate, surrounded by a pale narrow silky circle. Spores dark brown, verrucose, globose, 3-6yu<. Columella dark brown with a purplish tinge, short, cylindrical, conical, broad at the base. Capillitium hyaline, simple, cylindrical, blunt at the ends, 4-6/i in diam. Sandy woods and fields. Feb. Dec. Un- common, (v.v.) G. hygrometricus Pers. = Astraeus hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan. (b) Exoperidium not incurved when dry. a. Unexpanded plants globose. 61. G. fimbriatus Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 19. Fimbriatus, fringed. Exoperidium 2-5-6 cm., yellowish, globose, splitting into 5-15, unequal, pointed lobes, divided to the middle or a little deeper, and strongly recurved below forming a convex cushion at the base of the sessile endoperidium, outer layer membranaceous, deep ochra- ceous inside, fleshy, soon cracked, and often peeling off; endoperidium 1-2 cm., concolorous, globose, sessile, smooth. Mouth indeterminate, piloso-fimbriate. Spores blackish umber, minutely verrucose, globose, 3-4/z. Columella obovate, slender. Capillitium yellowish brown, simple, cylindrical, 3-6/Lt. in diam. Coniferous and beech woods, and on heaths. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 62. G. saccatus Fr. Grevillea, 11, t. 20. craWo?, a bag. Exoperidium 2-5 cm., yellowish, globose, splitting into 6-9, thin, equal, acute lobes, divided to the middle, deeply saccate at the base, GEASTEB 43 recurved, becoming incurved when dry, soft, flaccid, densely floccose outside, becoming smooth; inside fleshy layer thin, adnate; endo- peridium 1-1-5 cm., yellowish, globose, sessile, smooth. Mouth acute, silky, surrounded by a broad, depressed zone. Spores minutely verru- cose, globose, 3-4/A. Capillitium light brown, 45/i in diam. Sandy ground in hedgerows. Aug. Rare. /3. Unexpanded plants ovate acuminate. 63. G. lageniformis Vitt. Grevillea, n, t. 14, fig. 1. \dyrjvos, a flagon ; forma, shape. Exoperidium 4-8 cm., yellowish, ovate acuminate, splitting into 6-9, very long, pointed, nearly equal lobes, divided beyond the middle, usually saccate but also recurved, with whitish mycelial strands at the base, the mycelial layer closely adnate, often separating and splitting into parallel lines; ochraceous inside, becoming brown, fleshy layer soft, disappearing; endoperidium 1-2-5 cm., ochraceous, or brownish, subglobose, sessile, soft, membranaceous. Mouth piano- conic, silky, striate, surrounded by an orbicular silky zone. Spores yellowish brown, minutely verrucose, globose, 3-4/i. Columella small, clavate. Capillitium pale brownish, fusiform, simple, or slightly branched towards the ends, 6-8/z in diam. Sandy soil. Woods and hedgerows. April Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 64. G. triplex Jungh. (= Geaster Michelianus W. G. Sm.) Lloyd, The Geastrae, figs. 47-49. Triplex, three-fold. Exoperidium 510 cm., brownish olivaceous, ovate-acuminate, split- ting into 4-7, subequal, broad, acute lobes, divided to the middle, often much cracked up into areolae on the outside', brownish inside, fleshy layer very thick, cracking and peeling off with the exception of a disc-like portion which forms a cup at the base of the endoperidium ; endoperidium 1-5-3-5 cm., pale brownish, subglobose, compressed, sessile, membranaceous. Mouth paler, broadly conical, fibrillose. Spores brown, verrucose, globose, 4-5/x,. Columella pale brown, clavate, long. Capillitium light brown, simple, fusiform, 6-7 //, in diam. Woods and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) tttEndoperidium sessile, or substipitate. 65. G. rufescens Pers. Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 19. Rufescens, becoming reddish. Exoperidium 4-8 cm., yellowish, globose, splitting into 6-10, broad, acute lobes, divided to the middle or beyond, expanded, then re- curved, rigid, thick, firm; ochraceous inside, becoming rufescent, fleshy layer thick, soon cracking, and often peeling off; endoperidium 1-5-3 cm., yellowish, or pale brownish, globose, or subovate, sessile or substipitate. Mouth fibrillose, indefinite, frequently torn. Spores 44 GEASTER brownish olivaceous, echinulate, globose, 4//,. Columella brownish olivaceous, short, globose. Capillitium olivaceous, fusiform, simple, 6-7 /it in diam. Woods and pastures. May Dec. Not uncommon. (v.v.) var. minor Pers. Minor, smaller. Differs from the type in its smaller size. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) II. Exoperidium splitting up into two portions, the lower portion forming a hollow sphere at the base. 66. G. coronatus (Schaeff.) Lloyd. Lloyd, The Geastrae, figs. 58-61. Coronatus, crowned. Exoperidium 2-5-5 cm., yellowish, then brown, globose, splitting up into four rarely more, equal, pointed lobes, divided nearly to the middle, lobes attached by their apex nearly perpendicularly to the mycelial layer which remains in the ground and forms a hollow cup, brown inside, fleshy layer becoming cracked and finally peeling off; endoperidium 4-10 mm., bluish grey, sometimes whitish, or brownish, oval, oblong, or pear-shaped, with an apophysis above its attachment to the stem, apex pale yellow with a sharply defined zone bordering the base of the fibrous, projecting peristome, surface often rough with white crystals. Stem 2-3 x 2-6 mm., whitish, often compressed. Spores brown, verrucose, globose, 4-5 /x. Columella brown with a purplish tinge, slender, elliptical. Capillitium brown, cylindrical, 5-7 [A in diam. Densely gregarious. Amongst coniferous needles. Sept. Oct. Locally common, (v.v.) 67. G. fornicatus (Huds.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 17. Fornicatus, arched. Exoperidium 4-9 cm., yellowish, globose, both the outer and the inner layers splitting up into 4-5 lobes, the outer layer remaining sunk in the ground and forming a hollow cup, whilst the inner lobes, divided beyond the middle, stand perpendicularly (erect) on the end of the lobes attached to the tips of the outer layer, hard, leathery, thick, dark brown inside, the fleshy layer cracking and peeling off in places ; endoperidium 1-5-3-5 cm., rust colour, or dark brown, globose, de- pressed, or urn-shaped, with a ring-like apophysis above its attach- ment to the stem, somewhat downy. Peristome conical, then tubular, scarcely furrowed, ciliate. Stem 2-5 x 4-15 mm., whitish, cylindrical, often compressed. Spores purplish, echinulate. globose, 3-4jLt. Colu- mella brown tinged with purple, slender, clavate. Capillitium brown, fusiform, 10-1 2/u, in diam. Meadows, pastures, heaths and amongst firs. March Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) NIDTJLARIA 45 NIDULARIINEAE. Peridium campanulate, cylindrical, or cup-shaped, consisting of one to three layers, inclosing several peridiola, and sometimes covered at the apex by a membranaceous epiphragm. Peridiola lenticular, attached, or not, to the peridium by a funiculus, consisting of two layers and lined on the inside with the basidia and paraphyses. Basidia bearing 2-4 stipitate, or sessile spores. Spores white, ellip- tical, oval, or subglobose, smooth. Growing on dead wood and twigs, more rarely on the ground. NlDULARIACEAE. Same characters as the suborder. Nidularia (Fr.) Tul. (Nidulus, a little nest.) Peridium subglobose, sessile, consisting of a single layer, without an epiphragm, dehiscing irregularly, or in a circumscissile manner, by the rupture of the upper portion. Peridiola lenticular, biconvex, or compressed, numerous, without a funiculus at maturity, and involved in mucus. Spores white, elliptical, or subglobose, smooth. Growing on the ground, wood, or leaves. 68. N. pisiformis (Roth) Tul. Massee, Mon. Brit. Gastromyc. t. 37. Pisum, pea,; forma, shape. Pe. 4-10 mm., whitish, then cinnamon, or brownish, subglobose, seated on a broad base, sessile, minutely tomentose, dehiscing in a circumscissile manner. Peridiola brown, 2 mm, across, subrotund, biconvex, shining. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 IJL. Cystidia "large, fusiform" Massee. Gregarious, or solitary. Dead branches. May Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. Broomei Massee. C. E. Broome, the eminent mycologist. Differs from the type in the narrowly elliptical spores, with a thick hyaline epispore. Pine wood. Rare. 69. N. Berkeleyii Massee. (= Nidularia pisiformis (Roth) Tul. sec. Lloyd.) Massee, Mon. Brit. Gastromyc. t. 38. Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of British mycology. Pe. 5-7 mm. broad and high, bright cinnamon, subglobose, be- coming broadly open, thick, felt-like, hirto-tomentose ; bright cinna- mon inside, velvety. Peridiola bright brown, about 2 mm. in diam., numerous (40-50), circular, biconvex, smooth, shining, much wrinkled when dry, firmly agglutinated together by mucus. Spores colourless, then becoming pale brownish olive, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6 /x. Solitary, or two or three together. On wood, twigs, etc. Sept. Rare. 46 NIDULARIA. CRUCIBULUM. CYATHUS 70. N. confluens Fr. (= Nidularia pisiformis (Roth) Tul. sec. Lloyd.) Conflueiu, crowded together. Pe. 4-11 mm., whitish, subglobose, compressed, villose, dehiscing irregularly, peridium thin. Peridiola deep chestnut colour, orbicular, compressed, 1-5-2 mm. across, shining. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/a. Crowded. On the ground, twigs and amongst leaves. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) N. dentata With. = Sphaerobolus dentatus (With.) W. G. Sm. Crucibulum Tul. (Crucibulum, a crucible.) Peridium globose, then campanulate, or shortly cylindrical, sessile, consisting of two layers, and closed by a membranaceous epiphragm at the apex, which is finally ruptured. Peridiola lenticular, compressed, biconvex, numerous, attached by a papilla to the funiculus. Spores white, oblong-elliptical, smooth. Growing on wood, twigs, and dead herbaceous stems. 71. C. vulgare Tul. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 2, fig. 2. Vulgare, common. Pe. 5-8 mm. high, 6 mm. across, greyish, or dirty cinnamon, globose, then bell-shaped, or shortly cylindrical, at first closed by a fugacious epiphragm, then broadly open, minutely tomentose on the outside, soon becoming smooth, inside whitish, smooth, and shining. Peridiola pale, 1-5-2 mm. across, circular, biconvex, attached by a nipple-like tubercle to the funiculus. Spores white, oblong-elliptical, 8-12 x 4-6 /A. Gregarious, or crowded. Wood, twigs and dead fern stems. Sept. March. Common, (v.v.) Cyathus Haller. (icvaQos, a cup.) Peridium cylindrical, then broadly campanulate, sessile, consisting of three layers, and closed at the apex by a membranaceous epiphragm which finally becomes ruptured and disappears. Peridiola lenticular, compressed, umbilicate, numerous, attached by a funiculus. Spores white, elliptical, smooth. Growing on wood, more rarely on the ground. 72. C. striatus (Huds.) Pers. Holland, Champ, t. 109, no. 246. Striatus, furrowed. Pe. 10-15 mm. high, 8-10 mm. across, reddish brown, or ferruginous and strigosely hairy on the outside, obconic, or bell-shaped, truncate at the base, apex at first incurved, and the interior closed with a pale, fugacious epiphragm, then opening out and disclosing the lead coloured, CYATHUS 47 shining, fluted inner surface of the peridium. Peridiola whitish, sub- circular, compressed, umbilicate, and attached to the funiculus, 2 mm. thick. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 18-22 x 10/z,. Fasciculate. On stumps, wood, twigs, and fir-cones. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 73. C. olla (Batsch) Pers. (= Cyathus vernicosus (Bull.) DC.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 21, fig. 1, as Cyathus vernicosus. Olla, a pot. Pe. 10-15 mm. high, 8-15 mm. across, greyish, or ochraceous on the outside, and minutely silky, then smooth, broadly bell-shaped, mouth broadly open, undulate, tapering downwards to a narrow base, lead coloured, or brownish inside, smooth. Peridiola blackish, or greyish, shining, circular, biconvex, 3-4 mm. across, umbilicate, and attached to the white funiculus. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10-14 x 8//,. On bare soil, rotten wood, sticks, and in flower-pots. Feb. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. agrestis Pers. Agrestis, pertaining to the fields. Differs from the type in its smaller size, subhemispherical shape, and erect margin. Stubble fields. Aug. Sept. Common, (v.v.) PLECTOBASIDIINEAE. (SCLERODERMINEAE.) Peridium subglobose, obovate, clavate, or variously shaped, sessile, stipitate, or prolonged into a stem-like base, consisting of one or more layers, dehiscing by the gradual falling away of portions of the peridial walls, by the rupture of the exoperidium or endoperidium in an irregular, or circumscissile manner, or by a well-defined apical aper- ture. Gleba not divided up into cells, with, or without, a sterile base, and traversed, or not, by sterile veins, which rarely break up into peridiola, finally breaking down into a powdery mass, rarely becoming slimy. Basidia clavate to pear-shaped, bearing 2-12, pedi- cellate, or sessile, apical, or lateral spores, irregularly arranged, rarely tufted, and not forming a distinct hymenium, intermixed, or not, with capillitium threads. Spores white, or coloured, subglobose, or elliptical, echinulate, verrucose, reticulate, or smooth. Subter- ranean, or superficial. SCLERODERMATACEAE. Peridium subglobose, turbinate, or irregularly pear-shaped, sessile, or prolonged into a stem-like base, consisting of one or more layers, fleshy, leathery, or membranaceous, dehiscing in an irregular manner. Gleba traversed by sterile veins. Capillitium rudimentary. Spores coloured, globose, or elliptical, echinulate, verrucose, reticulate, or smooth. Subterranean, or superficial. 48 MELANOGASTER. SCLERODERMA Melanogaster Cda. (/ieXa9, black; <ya<7Tr/p, belly.) Peridium subglobose, or elliptical, with branched mycelial strands springing from, every part of the surface, fleshy, firm, not sharply separated from the gleba. Basidia pear-shaped, or elliptical to club- shaped, bearing 3-4, apical, or sublateral, sessile spores. Spores coloured, elliptical, or obovate, smooth, or papillate. Subterranean, or half buried. 74. M. variegatus (Vitt.) Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 11, fig. 4, and t. 12, fig. 6. Variegatus, of different colours. Pe. 2-3 cm., ochraceous, or clear yellow, then reddish ferruginous, irregularly globose, adpressedly tomentose, and ornamented with the brown, fibrous, cord-like anastomosing mycelium. Gleba fuliginous, then black, tramal plates whitish, then bright orange. Spores brown, elliptic oblong, 10 x 5/z. Smell pleasant, aromatic. Amongst leaves, and twigs. June Nov. Uncommon. var. Broomeianus (Berk.) Tul. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 426, as Tuber moschatum. C. E. Broome, the eminent mycologist. Differs from the type in the tramal plates never being bright yellow, or orange. In tufts of five or six, under beech, and Lombardy poplars. June Nov. Not uncommon. 75. M. ambiguus (Vitt.) Tul. Tul. Fung. Hypog. t. 2, fig. 5, and t. 11, fig. 5. Ambiguus, changeable. Pe. 2-5-3-5 cm., pale olive, becoming brownish when exposed to the air, globose, or elliptical. Gleba jet black, tramal plates white, un- changeable, "becoming reddish" Berk. Spores brown, obovate, or elliptical, apex acute, or obtuse and papillate, 13-15 x 7-8/u. Smell very foetid. Under fir, deodar, beech, poplar, and oak. April Oct. Rare, (v.v.) var. intermedius Tul. Intermedius, lying between. Differs from the type in the obovate, obtuse, very rarely slightly papillate spores, and in the yellowish tramal plates becoming red when dried. Bare. Scleroderma Pers. ((TKXrjpos, tough; Seppa, skin.) Peridium subglobose, obovate, or turbinate, sessile, or prolonged into a stem-like base, consisting of one, or two layers, firm, leathery or corky, warted, scaly, granular, or smooth, dehiscing irregularly, or by the exoperidium splitting at the apex in a star-like manner, SCLERODERMA 49 sharply separated from the gleba. Gleba at length becoming pulverulent. Basidia pear-shaped, to clavate, bearing 2-5, shortly pedicellate spores. Capillitium rudimentary, the remains of the sterile veins. Spores coloured, globose, echinulate, verrucose, or reticulate. Superficial. *Spores reticulate. 76. S. aurantium Pers. (= Sderoderma vulgare (Hornem.) Fr.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 15, fig. 4, as Sderoderma vulgare Fr. in text. Aurantium, golden. Pe. 5-15 cm., whitish, or yellowish, often becoming pink when cut, globose, subsessile, or substipitate, often depressed, verrucose, or broken up into minute, rigid scales; peridium thick, tough, often attached by a dense mass of cord-like mycelium at the base. Gleba greyish white, then blackish with a purple tinge, tramal plates white. Dehiscing by an irregular mouth. Spores blackish with a purple tinge, reticulate with small meshes, verrucose, globose, 8-12^. Smell often somewhat unpleasant. Woods, heaths, and under trees. July Jan. Common, (v.v.) var. laevigatum (Fuck.) W. G. Sm. Laevigatum, made smooth. Differs from the type in the even, smooth peridium. Woods and heaths. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. aurantiacum (Bull.) W. G. Sm. Aurantiacum, golden. Differs from the type in its brassy yellow colour. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. spadiceum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. Spadiceum, date brown. Differs from the type in its smooth, date brown peridium. Beech woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. cervinum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. Cervinum, fawn colour. Differs from the type in its small size, and granular surface. Coni- ferous woods. Uncommon. 77. S. Bovista Fr. Hollos, Gasteromyc. Ung. t. 23, figs. 16-20. Bofist, puff-ball. Pe. 2-5 cm., yellowish, subsessile, obovate, often irregular, thin, pliant, smooth, or slightly scaly, sometimes breaking away in patches, rarely substipitate, springing from a dense mass of cord- like mycelium at the base. Gleba olive brown; tramal plates yellow, floccose, the flocci with clamp connections. Dehiscing by an irregular mouth. Spores olive brown, reticulate with large meshes, verrucose, surrounded by an irregular, transparent border, globose, 10-1 3 p. Sandy soil in woods, and on heaths. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. (v.v.) 50 SCLERODERMA. PISOLITHUS 78. S. Geaster Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 186. Geaster, the genus Geaster. Pe. 5-15 cm., greyish ochraceous, or yellow, globose, or turbinate, sessile, minutely tomentose, granular, exoperidium very thick, splitting at the apex in a stellate manner into recurved subequal lobes. Gleba purple umber, floccose. Spores purple umber, reticulate, obtusely verrucose, globose, 12-15/t, 1-pluri-guttulate. Sandy soil. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) **Spores echinulate. 79. S. verrucosum (Vaill.) Pers. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 48. Verrucosum, warted. Pe. 2-5-8 cm. wide, 2-10 cm. high, ochraceous, or dingy In-own, sub- globose, continued below into a more or less elongated stem-like base, sometimes almost sessile, covered with minute, darker warts, rarely almost smooth; peridium thin above, fragile. Gleba umber brown, tramal plates whitish. Dehiscing by an irregular mouth. Spores dark brown, bluntly echinulate, globose, 10-14/z. Sandy soil in woods and on heaths. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 80. S. cepa (Vaill.) Pers. Hollos, Gasteromyc. Ung. t. 23, figs. 3-7. Cepa, onion. Pe. 1-5 cm., reddish brown, or bay, globose, or bulbous, compressed, sessile, or with a very short stem, smooth, or rough with very small warts on the upper part; peridium very thick when fresh, thinner and somewhat leathery and wrinkled when dry. Gleba white, becoming sooty black tinged with lilac, tramal plates whitish, then greyish tinged darker or lilac. Dehiscing by an irregular mouth. Spores blackish, acutely echinulate, globose, 9-10/j,. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) Pisolithus A. & S. (Polysaccum DC.) (TTtcro?, peas; \t0o5, stone.) Peridium irregularly globose, attenuated downwards into a stem- like base, thin, membranaceous, dehiscing by the falling away of the upper portion. Gleba forming round, or polygonal peridiola, that finally become free and separate from each other. Basidia pear- shaped, bearing 2-6, almost sessile spores. Spores coloured, globose, verrucose. Capillitium rudimentary. Half buried in the ground. 81. P. arenarius A. & S. (= Polysaccum pisocarpium (Nees) Fr.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 425, as Lycoperdon capsuliferum. Arenarius, pertaining to sand. Pe. 2-5-8 cm., ochraceous, then olivaceous brown, irregularly globose, or pear-shaped, attenuated downwards into a stem-like base which is ASTRAETTS 51 sunk in the ground, smooth, or rough; very fragile. Gleba consisting of many peridiola', peridiola sulphur yellow, then brown, irregularly angular. Spores reddish brown, warted, globose, 9-10/z. Sandy soil. May Oct. Eare. (v.v.) CALOSTOMATACEAE. Peridium globose, consisting of several layers. Gleba traversed by sterile veins. Basidia pear-shaped or clavate, bearing sessile, lateral spores. Capillitium well developed, springing from the inside of the endoperidium. Spores coloured, globose or elliptical, verrucose, or smooth. Superficial or half buried in the ground. Astraeus Morgan. (a<rrpov, a star.) Peridium globose ; exoperidium consisting of three layers, the outer composed of thin, irregularly interwoven hyphae, the middle layer of a corky consistency and the inner cartilaginous and collenchymatous, at first concrete with the endoperidium, then at maturity splitting at the apex in a star-like manner into several lobes and separating from the endoperidium; endoperidium thin, membranaceous or papy- raceous, sessile, dehiscing by an apical aperture. Capillitium well developed, springing from the inner surface of the endoperidium, threads long, much branched and interwoven. Basidia pear-shaped, bearing 4, sessile, lateral spores. Spores coloured, globose, minutely verrucose. Half buried in the ground. 82. A. hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan. (= Geastrum hygrometricum Pers.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. ra, t. 17. vypos, wet; (jterpov, a measure. Exoperidium 4r-8 cm., grey, or greyish brown outside, brownish in- side and becoming deeply cracked, globose, tough, leathery, carti- laginous, splitting up into 7-20, acute lobes, divided up almost to the base, strongly incurved and depressed over the apex of the endo- peridium when dry, reflexed and standing up on the apices of the lobes when moist; endoperidium 1-5-2-5 cm., grey, or brown, sessile, globose, depressed, smooth, or subreticulate, dehiscing by an irregular, small apical mouth. Spores brown, minutely verrucose, globose, 8-11 jj,. Capillitium hyaline, thick walled, branched, 6-7 \L in diam. Woods, and under trees. Feb. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) TULOSTOMATACEAE. Peridium subglobose, stipitate, or prolonged into a stem-like base, consisting of a thin, fugacious exoperidium, and a thin, membra- naceous endoperidium, which is raised upwards by the firm, fibrous 42 52 TULOSTOMA. QUELETIA basal portion. Gleba without cells. Basidia club-shaped, irregularly scattered on the hyphae, bearing the spores laterally at various levels. Capillitium well developed, attached to the endoperidium. Spores coloured, globose, verrucose. Subterranean, or half buried in the ground, then superficial. Tulostoma Pers. (TU'A,O<?, a knob; crro/ia, mouth.) Peridium depressed globose; exoperidium, thin, fugacious; endo- peridium membranaceous, thin, dehiscing by an apical aperture ; stem elongate, inserted into a socket at the base of the peridium. Capil- litium well developed, threads hyaline, very long, much branched, attached to the endoperidium, interwoven. Spores coloured, globose, verrucose. At first subterranean, then superficial. 83. T. brumale Pers. (= Tulostoma mammosum (Mich.) Fr.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 406, as Lycoperdon pedunculatum. Brumale, pertaining to the winter. Pe. 5-10 mm., whitish, then yellowish, globose, or somewhat de- pressed; outer peridium friable, inner peridium smooth, thin, mem- branaceous, papyraceous; mouth small, slightly prominent, scarcely toothed, entire. Stem 2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., reddish brown, equal, slightly attenuated upwards to the base of the peridium, and sur- rounded by a ball of mycelium at the base, smooth, or more or less fibrillose, concolorous inside, stuffed. Spores pinkish, acutely warted, globose, 4-5/i. Capillitium threads hyaline, branched, thick walled, nodose septate, 4 6/z in diam. Amongst sand, and on old walls. May Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) Queletia Fr. (Dr Lucien Quelet, the eminent French mycologist.) Peridium subglobose, then prolonged into a stem-like basal portion; exoperidium thin, fugacious ; endoperidium firm, hard, breaking away from the stem-like base and dehiscing by the gradual falling away of the peridial walls from the base upwards. Capillitium sparse. Basidia with one to three, apical, or lateral, shortly pedicellate spores. Spores coloured, globose, verrucose. Subterranean, then superficial. 84. Q. mirabilis Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. 29, t. 28. Mirabilis, wonderful. Pe. 3-7 cm., whitish, subglobose, at first rounded above and slightly conical at the base, which subsequently developes in a stem-like BATTARBEA 53 manner; exoperidium thin, brittle, breaking up into fugacious granules; endoperidium yellowish, becoming brownish, firm, hard, and finally breaking away from the stem-like base, dehiscing by the falling away of portions from the base upwards. Stem-like base 4-15 x 1-5-5 cm., whitish, then concolorous, torn up into revolute, squarrose fibrils, and finally breaking away from the peridium at maturity and exposing the rusty brown gleba. Spores rusty brown, coarsely warted, globose, often shortly pedicellate, 6-8 /A; basidia 1-3-spored. Capillitium almost colourless, rarely branched or sep- tate, 8-lOfj, in diam. Amongst rotten leaves, and spent tan. Sept. Eare. (v.v.) Battarrea Pers. (J. A. Battarra, author of Fungorum Agri Ariminensis Historia.) Peridium globose, exoperidium becoming irregularly torn at the apex, leaving a volva-like basal portion; stem elongated, hollow, be- coming torn into fibrous scales; endoperidium hemispherical, plane, or concave underneath, dehiscent by a circular fissure beneath the margin, the upper part coming off like a lid. Capillitium of simple, or branched threads, with spiral, or annular thickenings. Spores coloured, globose, verrucose. Subterranean, then superficial. 85. B. phalloides (Dicks.) Pers. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 390, as Lyco- perdon phalloides Dicks. <f)a\\ds, penis; elSo?, like. Volva 2-4 cm., white outside, parchment-like, pitted, filled when young with colourless mucus, globose, splitting above into four or five more or less pointed lobes, rust colour inside, fibrous, woody, often fringed. Stem 10-30 x -5-2 cm., rusty brown, attenuated at both ends, slightly ventricose in the middle, woody, firm, covered with long, twisted fibres, whitish inside, and stuffed with long, trans- parent threads. Inner peridium rusty brown, campanulate, some- what flattened, fibrous, splitting horizontally and filled with the yellowish brown Capillitium and spores. Spores rust colour, obtusely verrucose, globose, often with a hyaline apiculus, Q/JL. Capillitium threads pale rust colour, 63-80 x 8/1,, with spiral thickenings. Sandy places, and in hollow trees. Sept. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) GrLISCHRODERMATACEAE. Peridium globose, consisting of a single layer, seated on a ring-like of mycelium surrounding the sessile base, dehiscing by a weli- lefined apical aperture. Capillitium attached to the inner wall of peridium. Spores coloured, globose, minutely warted. Super- 3ial. 54 GLISCHRODEEMA. SPHAEROBOLUS Glischroderma (Fuck.) Rea. (7X10-^/309, clammy; Sep/j.a, skin.) With the same characters as the family. 86. G. cinctum (Fuck.) Eea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 2. Cinctum, girdled. Pe. 5-15 mm., pale grey, becoming darker with age, globose, slightly sticky, then scurfy, dehiscing by a well-defined apical pore which becomes larger, seated on a ring-like mass of white mycelium -5-2 mm. wide at the base. Spores pale pink, minutely warted, showing 4-5 warts in a row across the hemisphere, globose, 4/z.. Capillitium hyaline, thick walled, septate, 5-10//, in diam., attached to the inner wall of the peridium. Charcoal heaps in woods. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) SPHAEROBOLACEAE. Peridium subglobose, sessile ; exoperidium consisting of three layers, an outer gelatinous layer, a middle pseudo-parenchymatous layer, and an inner fibrous layer, splitting in a star-like manner into pointed lobes when mature. Gleba consisting of a peripheral layer of upright palisade cells and a central fertile portion, finally becoming slimy and ejecting the whole mass. Basidia pear-shaped bearing 5-8, sessile spores. Spores white, elhptical, or oblong elliptical, smooth. Growing on wood and leaves. Sphaerobolus (Tode) Pers. (o-(j>aipa, a ball ; ySdXo?, a throw.) With the same characters as the family. 87. S. stellatus (Tode) Pers. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 21, fig. 2. Stellatus, set with stars. Pe. 2 mm, high and broad, whitish, or pale yellow, globose, then oval, seated on an arachnoid mycelium, splitting above in a stellate manner into 6-8, acute teeth, tomentose, then smooth. Gleba at first whitish and transparent, then brown, broadly elliptical. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 5-6 ft. Crowded. On wood, twigs, sawdust, and leaves. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 88. S. dentatus (With.) W. G. Sm. (= Sphaerobolus stellatus (Tode) Pers. sec. Lloyd.) Dentatus, toothed. Pe. 1-5 mm., pale livid buff, to vinous brownish, pale brown, or brown, springing from scanty brownish mycelium, finely pilose with erect hairs, opening above in a 4 7-stellate manner, the rays clad with long, white hairs, which at first converge over the opening, white, ivory, white-greysih, or faint olive ivory inside, ejecting a reddish brown gleba. Scattered. Dead elder. Aug. Rare. SCHTJLZERIA 55 89. S. terrestris (A. & S. non Tode) W. G-. Sm. Brit. Basidiomyc. fig. 139. Terrestris, pertaining to the earth. Pe. -5-2 mm., saffron yellow, or sienna, at first hemispherical, urceolato-ventricose, seated on a dense tomentose subiculum of buff white, here and there brownish, mycelium. Gleba concolorous, solitary, spherical. Spores white, elliptic-oblong, 10-12 x 5-6/A. Crowded, in troops. Eotten wood, and running over leaves. March Nov. Rare. (v.v.) Thekbolus Tode = A genus of the Ascobolaceae. AGARICALES. Hymenium strictly defined from the first, covering the exterior of gills, or lining the interior of fleshy tubes, or pores, or spreading over a smooth surface; at first protected by the universal, or partial veil (the volva, or ring), then finally, at maturity, fully exposed. AGARICINEAE. Hymenium inseparable from the pileus and spread over the surface of gills radiating from a stem, or central point. Receptacle fleshy, membranaceous, or coriaceous, fragile, firm, or tough, putrescent, or not putrescent, reviving with moisture or not, and sometimes con- taining lacticiferous vessels; consisting of a pileus with, or without, a central or lateral stem, and sometimes with a volva or a ring, and broad gills acute at the margin. Growing on the ground, or on wood. AGARIC ACE AE. Same characters as the suborder. I. Receptacle fleshy, trama not vesiculose, nor traversed by lacti- ciferous vessels, not membranaceous, not rapidly putrescent, nor tough and woody. A. Pileus distinct, and easily separable from the fleshy stem. * Without a ring, or a volva. Spores white. Schulzeria Bres. (Stephan Schulzer.) Pileus fleshy, regular; margin at first incurved. Stem central. Gills free from the stem. Spores white, oval, or clavate, wall con- tinuous. Growing on the ground. 90. S. lycoperdoides Cke. & Massee. Lycoperdon eISo9, resembling a Lycoperdon. P. 3-4 cm., tan coloured, beset with darker pyramidal warts re- sembling those of some species of Lycoperdon, and often splitting at the 56 SCHULZEBIA. PLUTEUS base, convex, then expanded; margin appendiculate. St. 5 x 1 cm., whitish, equal, minutely fibrillose. Gills white, free, rather crowded. Flesh white, brownish under the cuticle. Spores white, oval, 5 x 4ju. Under cedars. Sept. Oct. Rare. 91. S. Grangei Eyre. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 5. Grange Park, Hants. P. 2-5-4 cm., dark green, cracking into fibrous scales on a white ground, fleshy, convex, flatly umbonate. St. 5-6 cm. x 5-7 mm., brownish, squamose, squamules tipped with the same colour as the p., equal, base attenuated. Gills yellowish, free, broader in front, minutely denticulate. Flesh white, reddish in the stem. Spores white, club-shaped, 11-13 x 3-5 JJL, multi-guttulate. Caespitose. On soil among beech leaves. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) S. Eyrei Massee = Glaucospora Eyrei (Massee) Rea. Spores pink. Pluteus Fr. (Pluteus, a movable pent-house.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Gills free from the stem, rounded behind. Spores pink, rarely pale yellowish, globose, sub- globose, or elliptical, wall continuous. Cystidia on edge of gills pear- shaped, or inflated clavate ; on the sides of the gill fusiform, or bottle- shaped, and hooked at the apex. Growing on wood, more rarely on the ground. *Cuticle of the pileus separating into fibrils or flocci. 92. P. cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cervinus, pertaining to deer. P. 4-10 cm., fuliginous, becoming paler, and broken up into fibrils, or squamules, and often streaked, fleshy, somewhat fragile, campanu- late, then expanded, viscid. St. 7-10 cm. x 5-15 mm., white, covered with black fibrils, firm, equal, often bulbous at the base. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, rounded behind, crowded, ventricose, somewhat crenulated. Flesh white, soft. Spores pink, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5/u,. Cystidia on gill edge pear-shaped, 25 x 22/x,, on gill surface fusiform, hooked at the apex, 55-75 x 15-18/4. On fallen trunks, stumps, sawdust heaps. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. Bullii Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 304, t. 357. Dr H. G. Bull of Hereford, the originator of the Woolhope Club fungus forays. P. 10-16 cm., pallid, disc darker, convex, then expanded and gibbous. St. 8-16 x 2-3 cm., pale brown, darkest at the swollen base, PLUTEUS 57 fibrillose. Gills white, then pink, free, rounded behind, very broad, crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores elliptical, 7-8 x 5fi. Stumps and rotten wood. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. rigens Pers. Rigens, stiff. Differs from the type in the cinereous pileus, with black fibrils, or squamules, and the glabrous, somewhat shining stem. 93. P. eximius Saund. & Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 303, t. 302. Eximius, distinguished. P. 6-20 cm., rufescent umber, when young darker, and tinged with carmine round the margin, campanulate, then convex and expanded, viscid pellicle separable. St. 10-14 x 4 cm., pallid, at length becoming blackish, nearly equal, sulcate upwards, fibrillose. Gills white, then pale rose, becoming rufous when bruised, very broad, crowded, free, but very close to the stem. Flesh yellowish, cartilaginous. Spores pink, spherical, but somewhat irregular, 7 x 5 /A. On sawdust. Nov. Rare. 94. P. patricius Schulz. (= Pluteus cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 87. Patricius, noble. P. 6-15 cm., white, or greyish, disc covered with brown, hairy, pointed squamules, convex, then expanded, more or less silky; margin lobed, and often split. St. 5-15 x 1-3 cm., white, covered with small whitish squamules that become brownish at the base, equal. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, very broad. Flesh white, firm. Spores pink, elliptical, 5-8 x 3-5/A. On dead logs, stumps. June Sept. Un- common, (v.v.) 95. P. petasatus (Fr.) Karst. Cke. Illus. no. 305, t. 303. Trerao-o?, a travelling hat with a broad brim. P. 8-15 cm., whitish cinereous, at length somewhat date brown, disc fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, viscid pellicle separable, at length striate to the middle, margin membranaceous. St. 10-20 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, at length becoming tawny, rigid, fibril - losely-striate, attenuated upwards from the silky base. Gills white, then reddish, at length tawny at the edge, very broad, very crowded, drying up. Flesh white, soft. Spores pink, " broadly oval, 7-5-9 x 4-5- 5/A. Cystidia fusoid-bottle-shaped, 11-14/t broad, with a few hooks " Lange. On heaps of straw and dung, sawdust. Uncommon, (v.v.) 96. P. sororiata Karst. Soror, a sister. P. 3-6 cm., yellow, somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, floccosely-squamulose; margin somewhat striate, often repand. St. 6x1 cm., pallid, becoming yellowish, squamulose at the enlarged base. Gills flesh colour, margin at first yellow, rounded behind, free, crowded, 58 PLUTEUS oblong. Spores hyaline, or becoming very pale yellowish, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 6/4. On burnt and rotten wood, and rotting branches. b. Oct. Uncommon. 97. P. umbrosus (Pers.) Fr. (= Entoloma nigrocinnamomeum Schulz. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 88. Umbrosus, shady. P. 6-10 cm., umber, campanulate, then expanded, subumbonate, more or less rugulose, covered with adpressed fibrils, then squamulose; margin more or less lobed, ciliato-fimbriate. St. 5-10 x -5-3 cm., pale, covered with villose, brown squamules, base white, floccose. Gills white, then rosy,fuliginous-fimbriate at the margin, free, broad. Flesh white. Spores pink, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 //.. "Cystidia on edge fusoid bladder- shaped, 15-25 /A broad, content yellowish-brown" Lange. Smell of radish, taste slightly bitter. On stumps and fallen logs. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 98. P. ephebeus Fr. (=Pluteus villosus (Bull.) Quel.) , arrived at man's estate. P. 5-7 cm., violaceous bistre, fleshy, convex, then plane, at first villose, finally floccose. St. 3-4 cm. x 5-8 mm., white, base swollen, violaceous bistre, rigid, striate. Gills white, then rosy, free, very ventri- cose, margin unequal. Flesh white, brownish under the cuticle. Spores pink, globose, Qlfji, with a large central gutta. On rotten wood, and trunks. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 99. P. argenteo-griseus Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. v, t. 4. Argenteus, silvery; griseus, grey. P. 3-5-4-5 cm. wide, 2-5 cm. high, snow white, then becoming smoky grey, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, fioccosely-silky, atomate ; mar- gin splitting, exceeding the gills. St. 6-7 cm. x 5-6 mm., concolorous, curved, striate, base bulbous. Gills white, then pink, 11-12 mm. broad, free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pink, globose, or elliptical, 6 x 6/n, or 7-8 x 6/z, 1-many-guttulate. Cystidia none. Dead wood. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 100. P. violarius Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 311, t. 518, fig. B. Violariiis, a dyer of violet colour. P. 1-5-2-5 cm., dark purple, darkest at the disc, hemispherical, then nearly plane, minutely velvety; margin undulate. St. 2-3 cm. x 2- 3mm., pale umber, sprinkled with delicate, black fibrils below, ivhitish above, attenuated upwards, silky. Gills whitish, then bright flesh colour, free, crowded, margin serrulate. Flesh grey, thickish. Spores pink, subglobose and apiculate, 5-6/i. On stumps, and rotten wood. Rare. PLUTETJS 59 101. P. salicinus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1157, t. 1169, fig. A. Salicinus, pertaining to a willow. P. 23 cm., bluish-grey, then cinereous, disc darker, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, subnmbonate,flocculoso-rugulose. St. 3-5 cm. x 2- 6 mm., white-azure-blue, or sometimes becoming green, equal, often thicker at the base, fibrillose, fragile. Gills white, then rose-colour, free, ventricose. Flesh white, tinged with green. Spores pink, elliptical, 8-9 x 6-7 fj,, with a large central gutta. "Cystidia on edge inflated clavate, 16 18/A broad, on sides fusoid bottle-shaped, with hooks " Lange. On willow, and alder trunks and branches. Feb. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. beryllus (Pers.) Fr. ftrjpv\\o<;, a jewel of sea-green colour. Differs from the type in the pileus being streaked with green, the ash-coloured rugose disc, and the whitish stem with greenish fibrils. On alder. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. floccosus Karst. Floccus, a flock of wool. Differs from the type in the floccosely squamulose pileus. Rare. 102. P. hispidulus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 90, fig. 2. Hispidulus, somewhat hairy. P. 1-2 cm., grey, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, silky, or slightly pilose; margin at length slightly striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., silvery white, equal, fragile, curved-ascending. Gills white, then rose colour, free, broadest in front. Flesh white, grey under the pellicle of the pileus. Spores pink, globose, 6-7 p. "Cystidia inflated-club- shaped, 13-16/u, broad " Lange. On beech stumps, and rotten wood. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 103. P. peffltus (Pers.) Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 5, fig. 4. Pellitus, covered with skins. Entirely white. P. 2-5 cm., fleshy, convex, then plane, sub- umbonate, silky. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., equal, slightly thickened at the base, shining, fragile. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, rounded behind, crowded, ventricose, margin slightly toothed. Flesh white, soft, thin. Spores pink, "broadly ovate, 6-7 x 4-5 //,. Cystidia on sides, subfusoid with hooks, on edge, inflated obtuse" Lange. On and near trunks. July Sept. Uncommon. var. punctillifer Quel. Punctillum, a little dot;fero, I bear.-* Differs from the type in the disc of the pileus being tinged fuscous and covered with minute umber scales, and in the base of the stem being covered with minute umber scales. Spores pink, globose, 6ft, 1-3-guttu- late. On the ground. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 60 PLUTEUS **P. pruinate, somewhat pulverulent. 104. P. nanus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. IUus. no. 309, t. 305, fig. A. vdvvo?, a dwarf. P. 1-5 cm., umber, sprinkled with fuscous, pulverulent sootiness, disc often darker, covered with veined, radiating, umber wrinkles, thin, convex, then flattened. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, rigid, equal, or attenuated downwards, slightly striate. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, ventricose. Flesh white. Spores pink, broadly elliptical, 5- 6 x 4-5 /A, 1-guttulate. "Cystidia cylindric bladder-shaped" Lange. On fallen sticks, especially birch and beech, and on sawdust. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. lutescens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 309, t. 305, fig. B. Lutescens, becoming yellow. Differs from the type in the stem and often the gills and flesh being yellow. Spores pink, globose, 5-6/x. On stumps. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. major Mass. Cke. Illus. no. 309, t. 305, fig. C. Major, larger. Differs from the type in being larger, with an even greyish pileus. Fallen sticks. Eare. 105. P. melanodon (Seer.) Fr. /te'Xa?, black; 6Sov<$, a tooth. P. 2-5 cm., dull yellow, thin, convex, then plane, conically umbo- nate, pulverulent; margin slightly striate. St. 6-7 cm. x 1-2 mm., yellowish brown, apex white, swollen base blackish, firm, polished. Gills whitish, tinged with rose colour, free, ventricose, margin black, denticu- late. Flesh white. Rotten wood in beech woods. Sept. Rare. 106. P. spilopus B. & Br. (= Pluteus spodopileus Sacc.) Cke. Illus. no. 310, t. 325. <T7rtA.o9, a spot; Troy?, foot. P. 2-4 cm., broum, or dark fawn colour, fleshy, convex, then ex- panded, subumbonate, often depressed round the umbo, radiately rugulose. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish, or faintly tinged with fawn colour, punctate with scattered black points, equal, incurved. Gills white, then pink, free. Flesh white. Spores pink, globose, 7-8fi. On stumps. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 107. P. semibulbosus (Lasch) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 89. Semi, half; bulbosus, bulbous. P. 1-4 cm., pale ashy ochraceous, becoming rosy and pale, sub- membranaceous, thin, somewhat diaphanous, convex, then plane, pulverulently pruinose, deeply striate. St. 3-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, delicately pubescent, and velvety, minutely striate; base bulbous, velvety. PLUTEUS 61 Gills white, then flesh colour, or slightly yellowish, free, ventricose. Flesh white, somewhat filamentous in the stem. Spores pink, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-7 p.. "Cystidia obtuse, elongated, cylindric, very prominent, 13-14^, broad, entire length, 75-1 15//," Lange. On poplar trunks, sawdust and rotten wood. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. ***P. glabrous. 108. P. leoninus (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Pluteus leoninus var. coccineus Massee.) Cke. Illus. no. 313, t. 421, figs. A, B. Leoninus, pertaining to a lion. P. 3-7 cm., yellow, lemon yellow, crimson orange, or vermilion, thin, fragile, campanulate, then expanded, margin striate. St. 4-7 x 1 cm., whitish light yellow, often vermilion at the thickened base, fragile, striate, fibrillose. Gills white, then flesh colour, margin often light yellow, free. Flesh white, or yellowish, reddish under the cuticle in the vermilion specimens. Spores pink, elliptical, or globose, 5-7 x 5/z, multi- guttulate. Cystidia "on gill surface flask-shaped to fusiform 60- 110 x 24-33 ju, apex rounded, untoothed, on edge of gill clavate to bottle-shaped, 60-75 x 15-27//, " Rick. On old willows, and stumps. Sept. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 109. P. roseo-albus Fr. Rosens, rosy; albus, white. P. 7-8 cm., rosy, thin, convex, then expanded. St. 4-6 x 1 cm., white, pruinose, curved. Gills white, then flesh colour, free. Spores pink. Poplar trunks. Sept. Rare. 110. P. chrysophaeus (Schaeff.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 91. %/ouoro9, gold; <ai09, dusky. P. 2-4 cm., dark cinnamon, or pale umber, often streaked with Hack, submembranaceous, convex, then expanded; margin striate. St. 4-6 cm. x 3-9 mm., yellow, equal, striate, fibrillose. Gills white, then flesh colour, free. Flesh yellowish, deeper coloured in the stem. Spores pink, subglobose, 6-7 /z, multi-guttulate. "Cystidia obtusely fusi- form, subventricose, inflated" Lange. On twigs and stumps. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 111. P. phlebophorus (Ditm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 315, t. 422, fig. A. <f>\ety, a vein; <f>epa), I bear. P. 3-5 cm., umber, slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded, wrinkled with veins. St. 3-6 cm. x 56 mm., white, shining, some- what incurved; base swollen, floccose. Gills white, then flesh colour, free. Flesh white, fragile. Spores pink, subglobose, 5-9 x 5-8/>t, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "bladder-shaped on edge of gill, 30-40 x 15- 18ju, " Rick. On rotten wood, dead twigs, and sawdust. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 62 PLUTEUS. GLAUCOSPORA var. albo-farinosus Rea. Albus, white ; farinosus, mealy. Differs from the type in the white mealy apex of the stem. On rotten wood in woods. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) var. reticulatus Cke. = Pleurotus palmatus (Bull.) Quel. var. marginatus Quel. Quel. As. Fr. (1884), t. 8, fig. 4. Marginatus, bordered. Differs from the type in the chestnut brown peridium, and the bistre black, crenidate edge of the gills. 112. P. umbrinellus (Sommerf.) Fr. Umbrinellus, brownish. P. 15 mm., bistre, convex, tough; margin paler, fimbriate. St. 5-7 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, shining, tough, rooting. Gills white, then flesh colour, free. Spores "subglobose or elliptical 8-9 x 6-7 /u, or 7-8 x 6/x; cystidia 60-90 x 18-30/z, " Sacc. In coppices, and gardens. June Oct. Uncommon. Spores green. Glaucospora Rea 1 . (y\av/c6<;, green; cnropd, seed.) Pileus fleshy, regular; margin at first incurved. Gills free from the stem. Spores bluish green, elliptical, wall continuous. Growing on the ground. 113. G. Eyrei (Massee) Rea. (= Schulzeria Eyrei Massee.) Grevillea, xxn (1894), t. 185, fig. 1, as Schulzeria Eyrei Massee. Rev. W. L. W. Eyre, the ardent mycologist of Swarraton. P. 2-4 cm., pallid, disc ochraceous, minutely granular, campanu- late, then expanded and plane, broadly umbonate; margin incurved, and appendiculate with the membranaceous veil when young, often split, and revolute when old. St. 5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid, becoming ochraceous, flexuose, subequal, apex minutely mealy. Gills pale green, then deep bluish green, free, narrowed, thin. Flesh white, yellowish in the stem. Spores bluish green, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5-3ju,. Under spruce firs, and in pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) Spores ochraceous. Pluteolus Fr. (Pluteolus, a little pent-house.) Pileus fleshy, very thin, viscid ; margin at first straight, adpressed to the stem. Stem central, subcartilaginous. Gills free, rounded behind. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or ochraceous brown, ellip- tical, smooth. Cystidia obpyriform, or ventricose. Growing on wood. 1 The name Cfdoroapora proposed by Massee for this genus cannot stand, as Spegazzini had previously used it for a genus of the Peronosporaceae. PLUTEOLUS. PILOSACE 63 114. P. reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. (= Pluteolus aleuriatus Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 516, t. 495. Reticulatus, netted. P. 4-5 cm., delicate bistre, becoming violaceous, fuscous, or livid grey, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate when mature, subrepand, viscid at first, and covered with a network of anastomosing veins, becoming more even, or slightly pitted; margin slightly striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, equal, fragile, fibrillose, the cuticle be- coming polished, even, subcartilaginous, apex mealy. Grills dingy cinnamon, distinctly free, ventricose, crowded, arid. Flesh white, thin. Spores ochraceous ferruginous, broadly elliptical, often slightly de- pressed on one side, 9-10 x 5-6^,, 2-4-guttulate. Cystidia obpyri- form, or ventricose and apiculate, 15 x 8/u,. Dead wood. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 115. P. aleuriatus Fr. (= Pluteolus reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 126, fig. 5. a\evpov, wheaten flour. P. 1-2-5 cm., bluish grey, livid, or rose colour, submembranaceous, conical, then convexo-plane, viscid, striate to the disc. St. 2-5- 4 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, slightly attenuated upwards, straight, or incurved, pulverulent. Gills saffron ochraceous, then cinnamon, free, ventricose, 2 mm. broad, thin. Flesh white, very thin. Spores ferru- ginous, oblong elliptical, 6-10 x 4/n, 1-guttulate. Rotten sticks, and stumps. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 116. P. Mulgravensis Massee & Crossl. Mulgravensis, belonging to the Mulgrave woods, near Whitby. P. 5-6 cm., grey, somewhat fleshy, convex, then expanded, um- bonate, flocculose, becoming broken up into squamules, striate. St. 4 cm. x 3-4 mm., whitish, subequal, base subclavate, smooth. Gills white, then cinnamon, free, crowded, broad. Spores ochraceous brown, elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5/A. On wood. Sept. Rare. Spores purple, or fuscous. Pilosace Fr. (7rtX,09, a cap; era/eo?, a shield.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, stout. Gills free from the stem. Spores bay purple, globose, smooth, with a germ-pore. Grow- ing on the ground. 117. P. Algeriensis Fr. in Quel. (\ = Stropharia epimyces (Peck) Atk. sec. Harper.) Algeriensis, Algerian. P. 10cm., snow white, then reddish, or bistre, fleshy, convex, then plane, smooth, shining like a kid glove. St. 4-5 x 4-5 cm., white, incrassated at the base, silky. Gills rosy flesh colour, then bistre 64 LEPIOTA violaceous, free, horizontal, narrow. Flesh white, compact, soft. Spores "bay purple, globose, 8/u," Quel. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. On the ground amongst ferns. Aug. Rare. **With a ring on the stem. Spores white. Lepiota (Pers.) Fr. (XeTTt?, a scale; ou<?, ear.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring membranaceous, free, or adnate, persistent, or fugacious, always manifest in the adult stage. Gills free, adnate, or sinuato-adnate, often attached to a collar. Spores white, rarely pinkish, or ochraceous, oval, elliptical, pip- shaped, fusiform, subreniform, deltoid, or projectile shaped; con- tinuous, or with a germ-pore. Cystidia rare. Growing on the ground, rarely on wood. A. EPIDERMIS DRY. *P. squamulose, or becoming broken up into scales. (a) Ring movable, distinct from the volva ; apex of stem surrounded by a cartilaginous collar. 118. L. procera (Scop.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 11, no. 15. Procera, tall. P. 10-25 cm., whitish, the brownish cuticle breaking up into thick, separable scales, ovato-acorn-shaped, then campanulate, and flattened, with a broad, obtuse, prominent umbo; margin fimbriate, fibrillose. St. 15-30 x 1-5-2 cm., brownish, breaking up into snake-like markings, due to the slower growth of the external hyphae, cylindrical, base bulbous. Ring white above, brownish on the exterior, thick, movable, persistent, cartilaginous near the stem, fibrillose at the margin. Gills whitish, often becoming fuscous at the edge, remote from the stem, and separated by a cartilaginous collar, ventricose, crowded, broader in front, soft, crowded. Flesh white, floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 15-18 x 10/A, multi-guttulate, with a germ-pore. Cystidia "on edge of gill bottle-shaped to clavate, 40-50 x 15-20 ju" Rick. Taste and smell pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 119. L. prominens Fr. Viv. Ital. t. 12. Prominens, prominent. P. 5-10 cm., ochraceous, disc covered with brownish-ochre, imbricate scales, which are more sparse towards the fibrillose margin, hemi- spherical, then flattened, with a prominent, darker umbo. St. 7- 18 x 1-2 cm., brownish, or ochraceous, with a few scattered adnate squamuks, equal, base abruptly bulbous. Ring whitish, movable, fim- LEPIOTA 65 briate at the margin. Gills white, free, separated by a cartilaginous collar. Flesh white, floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 14-16 x 8-9 /A. Taste and smell pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and upland downs. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 120. L. rhacodes (Vitt.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 10. paico?, ragged. P. 7-18 cm., greyish ochre, covered with large, thick, angular, ragged, yellowish scales, which become darker at their margin, disc flat, and deeper in colour, very fleshy, globose, then flattened, or depressed. St. 7-25 x 1-5-2 cm., white, bruising reddish, conical, then elongated, and attenuated upwards, base large, marginately bulbous, smooth. Ring white, or brownish, clothed on the outside with one or two zones of scales, fimbriate at the margin. Gills whitish, or reddish, free, separated by a cartilaginous collar, lanceolate or ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, reddening on exposure to the air, especially in the stem. Spores white, elliptical, 12-15 x 6-8/i, 1-2-guttulate, with a germ- pore. Cystidia "on edge of gill coloured, ventricose-bottle-shaped, 30-36 x 12-15^t " Rick. SmeU and taste pleasant. Edible. Under trees in pastures, and in coniferous woods. July Nov. Common. (v.v.) 121. L. puellaris (Fr.) Rea. Puellaris, girlish. P. 5-8 cm., white, disc gibbous and ochraceous, campanulate, then convex, surface breaking up into delicate, floccose scales. St. 9 12 x 1 cm., white, equal, slightly mealy above the ring, base sub- bulbous. Ring white, movable, narrow. Gills white, free, separated by a narrow, cartilaginous collar, narrowed behind, crowded. Flesh white, or faintly tinted reddish. Spores white, oblong-elliptical, 12- 18 x 7-8 /A, 1-3-guttulate. "Cystidia obovate-bottle-shaped, 16jLt broad, occasionally with a somewhat protruding apex" Lange. Taste pleasant. Edible. In pastures, generally under oaks. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 122. L. permixta Barla. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 10, figs. 1-4. Permixta, mixed up. P. 12-15 cm., disc brown cinnamon, the paler ground colour else- where covered with cinnamon brown patches of the cuticle, campanula to- convex, then expanded, subumbonate; margin whitish, torn. St. 12- 15 x 1-5-2 cm., white, covered with small, irregular brownish scales, base bulbous. Ring tawny brown, membranaceous, large, margin fimbriate. Gills yellowish white, or flesh colour, remote from the stem, and separated by a cartilaginous collar, narrowed behind, crowded. Flesh white, becoming reddish, floccose. Spores "oval, elliptical or almond shape, 12-20 x 8-1 2 p, hyaline, surrounded by a golden ring" Sacc. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 66 LEPIOTA 123. L. excoriata (SchaefL) Fr. Krombb. t. 24, figs. 27-28. Excoriata, peeled. P. 6-10 cm., whitish, disc often brown, gibbous, fleshy, globose, then expanded and plane, the very thin cuticle breaking up into large patches and appearing as if it had been drawn inwards from thefimbriate margin. St. 4-7-5 x -5-1 cm., white, or tinged greyish, equal, base bulbous. Ring concolorous, firm, movable. Grills white, remote from the stem, and separated by a cartilaginous collar, soft, crowded. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 1415 x 9-11^, with an apical germ-pore. "Cystidia obtusely fusiform, 50 x 10/i" Lange. Taste and smell pleasant. Edible. Heaths, and pastures, rarely in woods. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 124. L. gracilenta (Krombh.) Fr. Gracilenta, slender. P. 7-12 cm., whitish, the fuscous cuticle breaking up into closely adnate scales, ovate, then campanulate, and at length flattened, umbonate; margin deprived of its cuticle. St. 12-15 x -5-1 cm., whitish, covered with small, distinct, yellowish scales, attenuated up- wards, base subbulbous. Ring white, floccose, very laxly woven, movable, fugacious. Gills white, often dingy at the edge, remote from the stem and separated by a broad, cartilaginous collar, very crowded. Flesh white. Spores white, pip-shaped, 12-13 x 7-8fi, with a large central gutta, and an apical germ-pore. "Cystidia on edge of gill ventricose-bottle-shaped, 30-36 x 12-15ju," Rick. Taste and smell pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Com- mon, (v.v.) 125. L. mastoidea Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 23, t. 24. /nao-To? etSo9, breast-like. P. 36 cm., whitish, the fuscous cuticle becoming broken up into adpressed scales, campanulate, then convex, acutely umbonate. St. 7-10 cm. x 34 mm., whitish, or bistre, obsoletely squamulose, tough, flexible, attenuated at the apex, base bulbous. Ring white, margin brownish, entire, movable. Gills white, or cream colour, very remote from the stem, and separated by a cartilaginous collar, lanceolate, soft, very crowded. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 15 x 9-10/>t. Taste and smell pleasant. Edible. Heaths, pastures, and clearings in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 126. L. nympharum Kalchbr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 2, fig. 1. Nympha, a bride. P. 3-10 cm., white, covered with white, concentric, squarrulose, torn scales, that become somewhat ochraceous at their margin with age, disc ochraceous, campanulate, then conico-convex. St. 7-510 x -5- 1 cm., white, attenuated upwards, base bulbous, apex mealy. Ring LEPIOTA 67 white, distant. Gills white, remote from the stem, and separated by a cartilaginous collar, attenuated behind. Flesh white, becoming pink- ish under the cuticle of the pileus and at the base of the st. Spores white, subglobose, or elliptical, 7 x 6/i, or 7-10 x 6/x, with a large central gutta. Taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths and hedgerows. Oct. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) (b) Ring fixed, homogeneous with the universal veil which clothes the st.; apex of st. without a cartilaginous collar; p. torn into scales, or flocci. 127. L. acutesquamosa (Weinm.) Fr. (= Lepiota aspera (Pers.) Quel.) Holland, Champ. 1. 13, no. 20. Acutus, sharp; squamosa, scaled. P. 3-12 cm., pale ferruginous, covered with small, rigid, apiculate, fuscous, deciduous warts, which leave areolate scars, fleshy, hemispheri- cal, then expanded, convex, very obtuse, tomentose. St. 7-5-10 x 1- 2-5 cm., white, becoming ferruginous downwards with the fibrils and spirally arranged scales (the remains of the universal veil) attenuated upwards, base subbulbous. Ring white, becoming yellow, margin sprinkled with rust coloured warts on the underside, large, soft, pendu- lous from the apex of the stem. Gills white, free, very crowded, lanceolate, often branched. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, ellip- tical, or globose, 3-6 x 3-4/n. Cystidia " obovate-subrotund " Lange. Taste slightly bitter, smell strong. Woods, pastures, and bare soil. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 128. L. Friesii (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1105, t. 941. Elias Fries, the prince of mycologists. P. 9-10 cm., ferruginous fuscous, covered with adpressed, tomentose, reddish brown scales, very fleshy, campanulate, then convex, soft. St. 8-11 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, cylindrical, or subbulbous, scaly at the base. Ring white, superior, pendulous. Gills white, linear, free, often veined, branched. Flesh white, becoming yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 3-4 p, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill vesiculose, 15-18 x 10-13/x," Rick. Smell strong, taste unpleasant. On bare soil in gardens, and in oak and beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 129. L. hispida (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 14. Hispida, rough. P. 3-7 cm., fuscous umber, fleshy, soft, hemispherical, then ex- panded, umbonate, tomentose, then breaking up into thin, pointed, fugacious papillae, or scales. St. 7-5 x -5-1 cm.., fuscous umber, attenu- ated upwards, densely fioccosely scaly below the ring. Ring whitish, superior, membranaceous, reflexed, floccose. Gills white, remote from the stem, with a prominent collar encircling the stem, crowded, 52 68 LEPIOTA ventricose. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/x. Cystidia none. Smell of radish. Shady beech woods, and coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Eare. (v.v.) 130. L. Badhami B. & Br. Boud. Icon. t. 11. Dr. C. D. Badham. Whole plant becoming saffron-red when touched or wounded, then finally blackish. P. 5-12 cm., greyish, campanulate, obtuse, at length expanded, often depressed and umbonate, hispid, with minute, vel- vety, fuliginous scales, but sometimes entirely fuliginous without any distinct scales. St. 5-18 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, silky, or floccoso- scaly, attenuated above, base bulbous. King white, firm, erect, and deflexed, more or less movable, often clothed with dingy granules on the outside. Gills white, remote from the stem. Flesh white, instantly becoming red when cut, and finally blackish. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4/x, 1-2-guttulate. Smell rather disagreeable. Under oaks, Spanish chestnuts, yews, and in hedgerows. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 131. L. meleagris (Sow.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 26, t. 26. Meleagris, a guinea-fowl. P. 2-5 cm., fawn colour, covered with minute blackish scales, fleshy, thin, ovate, or hemispherical, very obtuse, minutely tomentose and warty, then expanded, somewhat campanulate. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 5- 8 mm., concolorous, here and there tinged with yellow, minutely squamu- lose below the ring, fusiform, or attenuated upwards from the bulbous base. Ring white, often covered with minute blackish scales on the out- side, torn, very fugacious. Gills white, then rose colour, rarely lemon colour, becoming reddish by rubbing, remote from the stem and separated by a collar, rounded behind, sometimes connected, ventricose. Flesh turning red, as does the whole plant when dried. Spores "elliptical, 6-7 x 4/u," Massee. Taste not disagree- able. Plantations, hedgerows, hot beds, and spent tan. May Oct. Rare. 132. L. emplastnun Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1106, t. 1164. fj,7r\aa-rpov, a plaster. P. 5-7-5 cm., pallid, covered with a smooth, membranaceous, dark brown cuticle, which becomes broken up into large, persistent patches, convex, then expanded, silky below the cuticle. St. 7-5 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, equal, base slightly thickened, more or less striate. Ring whitish, externally brown at the margin, rather distant, erect. Gills whitish, remote from the stem, crowded, narrowed behind. Flesh white, becoming pink, or reddish when cut. Spores white, elliptical, obliquely apiculate, 18-20 x 10-12^. Under trees. Oct. Rare. LEPIOTA 69 133. L. biornata B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 27, t. 37. Bis ornata, doubly adorned. P. 2-5-5 cm., white, or yellowish, sprinkled with scattered, minute, dark red scales, fleshy, convex, broadly campanulate. St. 10 cm. x 8 mm., whitish spotted with red, attenuated at the base, rooting. Eing white, spotted at the edge like the pileus, descending. Gills white, approximate, ventricose, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, or yellow, reddish in the stem. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 8/i. The whole plant becomes blackish when dry. Melon, and cucumber frames. July. Eare. 134. L. clypeolaria (Bull.) Fr. (= Lepiota metulaespora B. & Br. of many British authors.) Cke. Illus. no. 28, t. 27, as Lepiota hispida Lasch. Clypeus, a shield. P. 3-7-5 cm., very variable in colour, at first covered with a yellow, or 'brownish, dense felt, which breaks up into floccose, torn patches, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, and flattened, disc gibbous; margin ap- pendiculate with the remains of the ring. St. 6-8 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, equal, or slightly thickened at the base, fragile, clothed with the same felt-like covering below the ring. Eing concolorous, floccose, fugacious. Gills white or becoming yellow, free, 6 mm. broad, soft, some- what crowded. Flesh white, floccose. Spores white, fusiform, 14- 15 x 6jLt, 1-many-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 135. L. clypeolarioides Eea (= Lepiota clypeolaria Auct. plur. non Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 29, t. 38, as Lepiota clypeolaria Bull. Clypeolaria etSo?, resembling L. clypeolaria. P. 35 cm., tan colour, covered with small, adpressed reddish brown scales and fibrils, fleshy, convex, obtusely umbonate, then plane and depressed. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, scaly below the ring, slightly attenuated upwards. Eing concolorous, narrow, distant. Gills white, becoming yellowish, free, crowded. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4/u,, or 8 x 5/x, 1-guttulate. Woods, and hedgerows. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 136. L. pratensis (Fr.) Eea. Pratensis, growing in meadows. P. 2-5 cm., yellowish tawny, disc darker, margin paler, convex, then expanded, obtusely umbonate, almost smooth. St. 6-7 cm. x 6-10 mm., yellowish, densely clothed with erect, white flocci up to the ring. Eing white, floccose, somewhat fugacious. Gills white, free, attenuated at both ends, crowded. Flesh white, brownish under the epidermis and at the base of the stem. Spores white, fusiform, 12-14 x 4-5/z, 1-2- guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths, hillsides, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 70 LEPIOTA 137. L. alba (Bres.) Sacc. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 16, fig. 1, as Lepiota clypeolaria Bull. var. alba Bres. Alba, white. P. 3-7 cm., whitish, becoming yellowish with age, fleshy, convex, then expanded, broadly umbonate, disc glabrous ; margin fibrillosely floc- culose, then squamulose. St. 4-6 cm. x 8-10 mm., white, somewhat fuscous at the base, equal, or attenuated downwards, white floccose and spotted below the ring, often forming a spurious second ring, finally becoming glabrous. Ring white, floccose and yellow on the outside, striate inside, distant, fugacious. Gills white, then ochraceous, free, crowded, 5-7 mm. broad. Flesh white, somewhat yellowish in the stem. Spores white, obovate-oblong, rounded at the one end, apiculate at the other, 11-14 x 6-7 p, 1-guttulate. Edible. Heaths, and hillsides. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 138. L. gracilis (Quel.) Rea. GracUis, slender. P. 2-3 cm., whitish, disc brown, becoming broken up into brownish or rufous squamules, convex, then plane, floccose; margin white, be- coming torn. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-5 mm., whitish, becoming discoloured, equal, smooth. Ring white, with a few scattered brownish squamules, median, silky, floccose, fugacious. Gills white, free, crowded. Flesh white, thin, floccose. Spores white, pip-shaped, or elliptical with an oblique basal apiculus, 9-11 x 5-6//,. Cystidia none. Under beeches. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 139. L. fulvella Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 2, fig. 2. Fulvella, somewhat tawny. P. 3-5 cm., somewhat tawny, fleshy, convexo-campanulate, then expanded and subumbonate, covered with closely adpressed, darker squamules; margin thin. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-6 mm., concolorous, equal, or attenuated downwards, hollow, smooth. Ring whitish, inferior, fugacious. Gills pallid, then ochraceous, 4-6 mm. broad, free, rounded behind, crowded. Flesh whitish, watery. Spores white, oblong, angu- lar, truncate at the base, acute, or acutely angular at the apex, 9- 10 x 3-5-4 JJL, 1-2-guttulate; basidia clavate, 4-sterigmata. Cystidia subglobose, or pyriform, 14-18 x 8-12/z. Smell and taste none. Bare soil in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) L. metulaespora B. & Br. The records of this as British are erroneous ; they should be referred to Lepiota clypeolaria (Bull.) Fr. as defined above. 140. L. helveola Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 8. Helveola, pale yellowish. P. 1-5-3 cm., madder brown, somewhat fleshy, convex, then ex- panded, subumbonate, scaly. St. 2-4 cm. x 3-7 mm., concolorous, equal, fibrilloso-tomentose. Ring whitish, distant, fugacious. Gills LEPIOTA 71 creamy white, free, crowded, 4-5 mm. wide, ventricose, edge fimbriate. Flesh white, becoming reddish when dry. Spores white, elliptical, or subreniform, 6-10 x 4 6/i, granular. Poisonous. Amongst short grass. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 141. L. felina (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1108, t. 943, fig. A. Felina, cat-like. P. 2-3 cm., whitish, covered with concentric, small, blackish bistre scales, disc blackish, convex, subumbonate. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., white, often sprinkled with blackish bistre scales near the base, equal, or subbulbous. Ring white, often sprinkled with blackish bistre scales, superior, membranaceous, fugacious. Gills white, or yellowish, free, ventricose. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4/x, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-vesiculose, 33-36 x 8- 10/<i" Rick. Under conifers. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 142. L. micropholis B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 1108, t. 943, fig. B. /Aitcpos, small; <f>o\i<;, a scale. P. 1-1-5 cm., white, covered with minute, concentric, dark grey, or blackish scales, conical, then plane; margin slightly striate. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 2 mm., white, curved, base minutely bulbous. Ring white, blackish on the under surface, distant, spreading. Gills white, free, 2 mm. broad, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 56 x 3 4/A, with a large central gutta. On coconut fibre in stoves, and on soil in pots. Aug. Rare, (v.v.) 143. L. nigromarginata Massee. Niger, black; marginata, margined. P. 3-5 cm., pale sienna-ochre, covered with small, concentric, umber scales, campanulate, soon expanded, subumbonate. St. 5-6 cm. x 3 mm., buff, peronate below the ring, attenuated upwards. Ring white, membranaceous, distant, persistent. Gills whitish, edge bordered with dark umber, free, broader in front, narrow. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/z, 1-guttulate. Amongst grass. Rare. 144. L. cristata (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 31, t. 29. Cristata, crested. P. 27 cm., whitish, disc brown, covered with reddish brown scales, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, often umbonate, silky. St. 46 cm. x 3-8 mm., white, yellowish, or rufescent, equal, silky, fragile. Ring white, often tinged reddish, distant, membranaceous, narrow, fugacious. Gills white, free, very crowded, plane. Flesh white, often tinged reddish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4 p. Cystidia "on edge of gill bottle-shaped, 30-36 x 8-12/*" Rick. Smell strong, often of radish, taste unpleasant. Woods, pastures, and lawns. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 72 LEPIOTA 145. L. castanea Quel. Quel. As. Fr. (1880), t. 8, fig. 1. Kaaravov, the chestnut tree. P. 1-3 cm., reddish brown, campanulate, often umbonate, tomentose, then shaggy. St. 34 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, becoming concolorous with the tawny fibrils, firm, base bulbous. Ring white, narrow, thin, mem- branaceous, silky, tawny on the outside, fugacious. Gills cream colour, often tinged reddish when old, free, ventricose. Flesh cream colour, be- coming reddish in the stem and occasionally in the pileus. Spores white, oblong elliptical, or projectile-shaped, often with a spine-like appendage on the one side, 10-11 x 3-5-4-5/A, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia "hair- shaped, rather broad and obtuse " Lange. Smell pleasant. Poisonous. Woods, and roadsides. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 146. L. scobinella Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. Scobinella, fine sawdust. P. 3-6 cm., mouse grey, disc darker, convex, then plane, umbonate, pellicle breaking up into minute, separable, bistre scales; margin whitish, smooth, silky. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-7 mm., white, stuffed, equal, slightly attenuated at the apex and base, covered with white squamules that become tinged with bistre below the ring, striate above. Ring whitish, becoming tinged with bistre at the edge, membranaceous, superior, often fugacious. Gills white, becoming yellowish, 3-4 mm. wide, ventricose, free, crowded. Flesh white, often tinged with fulvous at the base of the stem, thick at the disc, very thin at the margin of the pileus, floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 /a, contents granular. Cystidia hyaline, clavato-cylindrical, 28-30 x 6/4, sparse. Woods and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 147. L. citrophylla B. & Br. Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. ix (1893), t. n, fig. 1. /clrpov, lemon ; <f>v\\ov, gill. P. 1-5-2 cm., lemon yellow, covered with rufous scales, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or broadly umbonate, at length depressed. St. 2-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., lemon yellow, equal, squamulose. Ring fugacious. Gills lemon yellow, free, rounded behind, or attenuated, minutely serrate. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4ju,. On the ground. Oct. Rare. **P. not, or rarely squamulose, often granular, mealy or pruinose. (a) Ring superior, fixed, subpersistent ; universal veil adnate to the p. Collar wanting, or similar in texture to the flesh of the p. L. Vittadinii (Moretti) Fr. = L. Amanita Vittadinii (Moretti) Vitt. 148. L. naucina Fr. (= Lepiota pudica (Bull.) Quel; Psaliota cre- tacea Fr.) Rolland, Champ, t. 12, no. 17. Nucinus, nutty. P. 5-10 cm., white, often pinkish or yellowish, the thin cuticle breaking up into evanescent granules, fleshy, soft, globose, then ex- LEPIOTA 73 panded, gibbous, or obtusely umbonate. St. 4-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, fibrillose, attenuated upwards from the swollen base. Ring white, membranaceous, superior, thick, fimbriate at the margin, often finally fugacious. Gills white, free, separated by a collar, ventricose, soft, crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, broadly ovoid, 8- 9 x 5-5/i, with a large central gutta. " Cystidia club-shaped, 55 x 10- 11/x," Lange. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures and gar- dens. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. leucothites (Vitt.) Fr. Vitt. Fung. Mang. t. 40. Xeu/eo?, white. Differs from the type in the p. breaking up into squamules especially near the margin, and in the gills becoming pink with age. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/z, or 9 x 1p. Edible. Pastures and heaths. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 149. L. holosericea Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 34, t. 41. 0X09, wholly; (rrjpiKos, silky. P. 5-10 cm., white, or yellowish, fleshy, soft, convex, then expanded, obtuse, fibrillosely silky. St. 6-10 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, soft, fragile, base bulbous, silky-fibrillose. Ring whitish, membranaceous, superior, large, soft, pendulous. Gills white, becoming cream colour, free, ventri- cose, broad, crowded. Flesh white, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/z. Edible. Bare ground in arable fields, hopyards, and gardens. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 150. L. erminea Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 32, t. 40. Erminea, white. Entirely white with the exception of the ochraceous disc of the p. P. 36 cm., campanulate, then flattened, slightly gibbous at the prominent disc, becoming fibrillosely silky towards the margin. St. 57-5 cm. x 36 mm., equal, very fragile, silky. Ring membranaceous, distant, narrow, at length torn and fugacious. Gills sinuate, then free, somewhat crowded. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 9-11 x 3 4jti. "Cystidia on edge of gill vesiculose-pyriform, 36-40 x 12-16ju," Rick. Smell and taste of radish. Roadsides, and hilly pastures. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.V.) 151. L. constricta (Fr.) Quel. (= Armillaria constricta Fr.) Fr. Icon, t. 18. Constricta, compressed. Entirely white, becoming ochraceous when bruised. P. 3-5 cm., fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, pruinose, then silky; margin at first involute, and villous. St. 4-5 cm. x 6-9 mm., equal, or thickened at the base, slightly rooting, fibrillose, or squamulose. Ring superior, . narrow, adhering obliquely, at length fugacious. Gills emarginate, then free, very crowded, unequal. Flesh compact. Spores white, elliptical, granular, 7-8 x 4-5/x. Smell of new meal. Pastures, 74 LEPIOTA especially where the grass is scorched by urine, and amongst short grass under conifers. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 152. L. cepaestipes (Sow.) Fr. (= Leucocoprinus cepaestipes (Sow.) Pat.) Gillet, Champ. Fr. t. 414. Cepa, onion; stipes, stem. Caespitose. P. 2-56 cm., white, or yellowish, covered with floccose, fugacious, yellowish scales, disc deeper coloured, umbonate, membra- naceous, obtusely conical, then campanulate ; margin striate. St. 7-5 10 cm. x 5-8 mm., white, attenuated upwards from the bulbous base, covered with fugacious, delicate flocci. Ring white, narrow, membra- naceous, separating-free, fugacious. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, at length remote, attenuated at both ends, 4 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh white, then pinkish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/i, 1-guttulate, wfth an apical germ-pore. Taste bitter. On tan in hot-houses, greenhouses, and in frames. March Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. cretacea (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 333. Cretacea, chalk-like. Differs from the type in its chalk white colour and darker scales. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 /A, 1-guttulate. Greenhouses, and on spent tan. May Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 153. L. lutea (Bolt.) Quel. (= Agaricusflos sulfuris Schnitz.) Boud. Icon. t. 19. Lutea, yellow. Entirely sulphur colour. P. 14 cm., campanulate, thin, deeply striate, covered with concolorous flocci. St. 5-12 cm. x 3-4 mm., covered with concolorous flocci, apex smooth, base bulbous. Ring membranaceous. Gills free, remote, narrow. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, oval, 8-10 x 5-7 /x, with a large central gutta. On coconut fibre in greenhouses. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 154. L. medioflava Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. x (1894), 1. 1, fig. 1. Medius, middle ; flava, yellow. P. 2-3 cm., white, soon expanded, and depressed, umbo prominent, becoming light yellow, deeply striate, minutely tomentose. St. 4 7 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, minutely mealy above the ring, tomentose, often becoming light yellow at the bulbous base. Ring white, median, reflexed. Gills white, free, crowded, rounded behind. Flesh white, Spores white, ovate, obtuse, 5-6 x 3/n, 1-guttulate. On decaying coconut fibre, and soil in greenhouses. June Oct. Uncommon. 155. L. pseudo-licmophora Rea. (= Lepiotalicmophoraauct. non B. & Br. and Petch.) i/reuSffc, false; \LKfios, a winnowing fan; <f>epo), I bear. P. 2-5-5 cm., lemon-yellow, sometimes wholly sulphur-white, mem- branaceous, plane, depressed, deeply sulcote up to the central disc, LEPIOTA 75 glabrous; margin crenate. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., lemon-yellow, attenuated upwards, base tomentose. Eing median. Grills lemon- yellow, remote, narrow, 2 mm. broad, slightly arched, distant, inter- stices veined. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 5 /A. In greenhouses. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 156. L. serena Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 57, t. 47, as Armillaria subcava Schum. fide Boudier. Serena, clear. P. 2-4 cm., white, becoming yellowish with age, fragile, campanulate, thin, expanded, becoming silky, margin slightly striate. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-5 mm., white, becoming greyish, equal, base subbulbous. Ring white, membranaceous, median, thin, narrow, erect, fugacious. Gills white, free, ventricose. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4/x, multi- guttulate. Amongst grass, and larch needles. Sept. Nov. Un- common, (v.v.) (b) Universal veil sheathing the st., at first extending continuously from the st. to the p., at length ruptured and forming an inferior ring. P. granular or warted, consisting chiefly of globose cells. L. pyrenaea Quel. = Pholiota aurea (Mattusch) Fr. fide R. Maire. 157. L. granulosa (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 39, t. 18, upper figs. only. Granulosa, granular. P. 3-5 cm., ferruginous, or rusty-brown, becoming pale-hoary when dry, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtusely umbonate, furfuraceo- granular, often wrinkled; margin appendiculate with the veil. St. 59 cm. x 49 mm., white at the apex, covered below with fine, brownish granules, equal. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, inferior, torn. Gills whitish, or cream colour, slightly adnexed, or sinuato-adnate. Flesh yellowish, becoming reddish in the lower portion of the st. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5 /A. "Cystidia hair-shaped, acute, small, 2-3 /u, broad" Lange. Taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths, and hilly woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. rufescens B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 40, t. 213, upper figs. Rufescens, becoming reddish. Differs from the type in its smaller size, and the pure white p. and st. partially turning red with age or when bruised. Spores oval, 34 x 2/x,. Amongst beech leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 158. L. amianthina (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 40, t. 213, lower figs. a/u'ai>T09, unspotted. P. 3-5 cm., ochraceous, somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, sub- umbonate, furfuraceo-granulose, often wrinkled. St. 3-5 cm. x 4- 6 mm., whitish at the apex, covered with ochraceous granules below the equal. Ring concolorous, granular on the outside, inferior, 76 LEPIOTA fugacious. Gills cream colour, adnate, crowded. Flesh yellow. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/i. Cystidia none. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods, heaths, and lawns. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. Broadwoodiae B. & Br. Miss S. Broadwood. Differs from the type in the delicately tomentose p., and infiexed margin. Woods. Rare. var. alba Rene Maire. Alba, white. Differs from the type in being entirely white. Woods. Oct. Rare. (v.v.) 159. L. cinnabarina (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 38, t. 43. fcivvdftapi, dragon's blood. P. 5-8 cm., cinnabar-colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, granuloso-furfuraceous ; margin fimbriate. St. 4-7 x 1-2 cm., con- colorous, covered with reddish granules below the ring, subbulbous. Ring concolorous, thin, narrow, inferior, fugacious. Gills white, free, lanceo- late. Flesh ochraceous, reddish under the cuticle of the p. and st. Spores white, elliptical, obtuse, 4 x 2-5-3 p,, 1-guttulate. "Cystidia hair- shaped, acute" Lange. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) var. Terreyi B. & Br. Saund. & Sm. t. 35, figs. 1-5. Michael Terrey. P. 2-5-5 cm., bright tawny, somewhat hemispherical, pulverulent, roughened with minute warts. St. somewhat equal, often cylindrical, covered below the ring with furfuraceous scales of the same colour as the p. Ring at length torn into fragments. Gills white, remote, narrow, not branched. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 4/i. Sandy ground. Rare. 160. L. carcharias (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 37, t. 42. tcdpxapos, sharp-pointed. P. 2-5 cm., flesh coloured, fleshy, convex, then plane, often umbonate, covered with minute granules. St. 3-6 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, and covered with minute, pointed warts below the ring, apex white, sub- bulbous, or equal and attenuated upwards. Ring concolorous, covered on the outside with the same minute, pointed warts. Gills white, adnate. Flesh whitish, or ochraceous. Spores white, elliptical, obtuse, 4-5 x 2 3/A, 1-3-guttulate. Taste disagreeable, smell unpleasant. Coniferous woods, and amongst short grass. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 161. L. rosea Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 2, fig. 1. Rosea, rose colour. P. 2-3-5 cm., bright rose colour, somewhat fleshy, convex, then ex- panded, densely granular, or mealy, consisting of globose cells, 45- 50 fj. in diam. ; margin thin. St. 5-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., ivhitish, becoming LEPIOTA 77 concolorous, equal, hollow, smooth. Ring concolorous, membranace- ous, medial, narrow, soon fugacious. Gills whitish, then ochraceous, free, rounded behind, crowded, 45 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, be- coming reddish especially in the stem. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3ja, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Bare soil in moist, shady woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 162. L. atrocrocea W. G. Sin. Ater, black; crocea, saffron. P. 3-4 cm., bright salmon orange, more or less covered with purple brown, almost black, granular fiocci, expanded, then slightly depressed. St. bright salmon orange, attenuated upwards, covered with salmon brown squamules. Ring fugacious. Gills salmon white, broadly adnate. Flesh salmon orange brown, thin. Oct. Rare. 163. L. haematosperma (Bull.) Boud. (= Lepiota echinata (Roth) Boud.) Boud. Icon. t. 12. alpa, blood; crTre/o/x-a, seed. P. 2-3-5 cm., blackish grey, more or less olivaceous, convex, then plane, very thin, fragile, finely granular', margin paler, appendiculate with the veil. St. 3^6 cm. x 2-3 mm., dark, becoming vinous, equal, or slightly bulbous, base covered with pulverulent, fugacious granules. Ring reddish, floccose, granular on the outside, inferior, fugacious. Gills blood red, free, ventricose, rounded behind. Flesh whitish, be- coming reddish under the epidermis and in the stem. Spores pale ochraceous in the mass, becoming reddish with age, elliptical, 45 x 3/A. Cystidia none. Smell strong. Hedgerows, gardens, and occasionally in woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 164. L. polysticta Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 41, t. 30. TroXu?, many; o-rt/cro?, spotted. P. 2-^5 cm., ochraceous, covered on the obtusely umbonate disc with minute red brown scales from the breaking up of the cuticle, fleshy, firm, tough, convex, then expanded ; margin often appendiculate with the veil. St. 3-5 cm. x 5-9 mm., white at the apex, densely clothed with reddish, ferruginous scales below the ring, equal, or attenuated down- wards. Ring concolorous, very narrow, inferior, very fugacious. Gills white, then yellowish, free, rounded before and behind, broad, ventri- cose, crowded. Flesh, whitish, slightly reddish under the epidermis of the st. and p. Spores white, sub-globose, 4 x 3jn, 1-4-guttulate. Open pastures, and amongst short grass in woods. Sept. Nov. Un- common, (v.v.) (c) Smaller, slender. P. dry, cuticle entire, not scaly nor granular. 165. L. parvannulata (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 16, fig. 3. Parvus, small; annulata, ringed. P. 12 cm., white, becoming yellowish when dry, thin, ovato-cam- lulate, then plane, pruinose, then silky. St. 1-2 cm. x 2-3 mm., 78 LEPIOTA white, equal, fibrillose below the ring. Ring white, very small, distant, entire. Gills cream colour, free, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/n. Cystidia none. Amongst mosses and short grass in woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (**) 166. L. sistrata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 42, t. 85, fig. A. Sistrum, a rattle. P. 1-2 cm., whitish, becoming light yellowish, or flesh colour, disc often darker, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and obsoletely umbonate, pruinate with shining atoms, margin often appendiculate with the veil. St. 2*5-5 cm. x 1^4 mm., white, or flesh colour, equal, flbrillosely silky and pruinose below the ring. Ring concolorous, fibril- lose, fugacious. Gills white, free, reaching the stem, crowded, 4 mm. broad, ventricose. Flesh white, often pinkish in the stem, fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x 1-5-2/i. On bare ground in woods, and by roadsides. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 167. L. seminuda (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 43, t. 19, fig. a. Semi, half; nuda, naked. P. 12 cm., whitish, or flesh colour, becoming yellowish, very thin, campanulato-expanded, umbonate, at first covered with fugacious, floccose meal, margin appendiculate with the veil. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 2 mm., whitish, or flesh colour, equal, mealy below the ring. Ring con- colorous, mealy, torn, fugacious. Gills white, then cream colour, free, but reaching the st., thin, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, often pinkish in the st. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 2/x. Smell pleasant. Amongst moss in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 168. L. Bucknallii B. & Br. (= Lepiota lilacina Quel.) Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. ix (1893), t. n, as Lepiota lilacina Quel. Cedric Bucknall. P. 1-5-3 cm., white, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, minutely mealy, and becoming tinged with lilac. St. 5-7 cm. x 3-5 mm., white, gradually attenuated upwards, densely mealy, and becoming deep lilac below the ring with age or bruising. Ring concolorous, mealy, fuga- cious. Gills yellowish, free, not crowded. Flesh white, becoming deep lilac in the lower two-thirds of the st. Spores white, boat-shaped, 7-8 x 3/Lt, 3-guttulate. Smell strong of gas-tar. Amongst grass. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 169. L. mesomorpha (Bull.) Fr. yLteo-o?, middle; fji,op<f>ij, form. P. 1 -5-2-5 cm., whitish, or yellowish flesh colour, umbo deeper coloured, slightly fleshy, very thin, campanulate, then expanded, at first pu- bescent, then becoming smooth, or minutely granular. St. 5-7-5 cm. LEPIOTA 79 x 2 mm., concolorous, slightly attenuated upwards, silky. Ring mem- branaceous, floccose, superior, entire, spreading, fugacious. Gills whitish, or cream colour, free, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4/u, guttulate. Woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 170. L. ianthina Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1112, t. 944, fig. A. Idv6ivo<f, coloured violet. P. 2 cm., whitish, covered with violet, radiating, hair-like squamules, umbonate disc dark violet, fibrillose, thin, campanula te, then expanded. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, subequal, somewhat flexuose. Ring distant, narrow, fugacious. Gills whitish, free, 2 mm. broad, lanceo- late, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thin. Stoves. March. Rare. 171. L. martialis Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1112, t. 944, fig. B. Martialis, belonging to Mars. P. 2-3 cm., clear deep pink, disc darker, becoming yellowish with age, thin, campanulate, then plane, minutely silky, margin striate. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 3 mm., pale ochraceous at the apex, pinkish red below the ring, slightly attenuated upwards. Ring white, broad, pendulous, rather distant, persistent. Gills whitish, free, 2 mm. broad, somewhat lanceolate, rather crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4jti. On the trunk of a tree fern. March. Rare. 172. L. submarasmioides Speg. Sub, somewhat; Marasmius e'So?, like a Marasmius. P. 2-5 cm., pale buff, umbo taivny, convex, then expanded, floccosely wrinkled towards the margin. St. 5 cm. x 3 mm., white, equal, slightly striate. Ring whitish, superior, fugacious. Gills ochraceous, free, 3 mm. wide, rounded at both ends, crowded. Flesh white, reddish under the epidermis of the p. and in the st., tough. Spores pale ochrace- ous, deltoid, or pyramidal, 5-6 x 3/x,. On bare ground, Malvern Hills. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) B. EPIDERMIS VISCID. 173. L. medullata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 16. Medullata, pithy. P. 4-7 cm., white, often greyish at the disc, slightly fleshy, convexo- plane, umbonate, viscid; margin appendiculate with the veil. St. 7-5 cm. x 6 mm., white, dry, equal, silky and squamulqse below the ring, apex striate, stuffed with a distinct separable pith. Ring white, incomplete, torn. Gills white, free, broader in front, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, soft, watery. Smell strong of radish. Coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 80 LEPIOTA 174. L. arida (Fr.) Gillet. (= Amanita arida Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 12, as Amanita arida Fr. Arida, dry. P. 5-7 cm., greyish, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, silky; margin whitish, sulcato-striate. St. 6-9 x 1 cm., white, glabrous, floccose at the incrassated base. Ring concolorous, distant. Gills white, then flesh colour, attenuato-adnate. Flesh white, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 7-7-5/Lt. Birch and fir woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 175. L. lenticularis (Lasch) Cke. (= Amanita lenticularis (Lasch) Fr., Lepiota guttata (Pers.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 13, as Amanita lenticularis Lasch. Lenticula, a lentil. P. 4-10 cm., pinkish tan colour, fleshy, globose, then campanulato- convex; margin paler, slightly glutinous. St. 8-10 x 1-2 cm., white, or cream colour, apex marked with dark green, watery drops in very wet weather, which on drying become dingy, equal, or subbulbous, floccose, or smooth below the ring. Ring concolorous, often spotted like the apex of the stem, large, superior. Gills whitish, sometimes inclining to oliva- ceous, free, approximate, ventricose, broader in front, very crowded, sometimes forked. Flesh white, reddish at the base of the st. Spores white, pip-shaped, or elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /z. Smell mouldy. Edible. Deciduous woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. megalodactylus (B. & Br.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 15, t. 11, as Amanita megalodactylus B. /meyas, large; 8a/rrv\o9, ringer. Differs from the type in being thinner, and paler in colour. Woods. Oct. Nov. Uncommon. 176. L. irrorata Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8. Irrorata, bedewed. P. 2-5-5 cm., yellowish, then straw colour, firm, convex, covered like the stem with dew-like transparent drops. St. 3-4 cm. x 7-10 mm., white, satiny above the ring, silky and variegated with small yellow, or brownish squamules below, equal. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, narrow. Gills white, then cream colour, free, emarginate, 4 mm. wide, ventricose. Flesh white. Spores white, ovoid, 4-5 x 4/z, punctate. Pastures, and clearings in woods. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 177. L. illinita Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 16. lUinitus, besmeared. P. 4-9 cm., white, or yellowish, fleshy, globose, then convex, umbo- nate, umbo often becoming fuscous, viscid; margin slightly striate, sometimes fimbriate. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., white, very viscid, equal, or subbulbous, fragile. Ring white, membranaceous, thin. Gills white, free, at length remote, crowded, soft, somewhat connected by veins. Flesh white, floccose, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or sub- globose, 6 x 4-5/i, 1-2-guttulate. Smell pleasant. Plantations. Aug. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) LEPIOTA. HIATTJLA. ANNULARIA 81 178. L. glioderma Fr. (= Armillaria glioderma (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon, t. 15. <y\oiov, viscid; Sep/j,a, skin. P. 4 cm., brownish red, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then convex, broadly gibbous, or obtuse, glutinous. St. 7'5 cm. x 46 mm., whitish, or rufescent, equal, fragile, dry, floccosely scaly up to the ring. Ring white above, rufescent squamulose on the outside, fibrillose, silky, torn. Grills white, or cream colour, free, approximate, ventricose, broad, crowded. Flesh white, then pinkish, soft, thin. Spores white, sub- globose, 5)it. Fir woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) L. delicata Fr. = Armillaria delicata (Fr.) Boud. 179. L. Georginae W. G. Sm. Cke. lUus. no. 47, t. 132. Miss Georgina E. Johnstone. Entirely white, turning crimson everywhere when touched, and finally becoming brown when dry. P. 13 cm., slightly fleshy, fragile, cam- panulate, then expanded, covered with a minute, dense, viscid pruinosity ; margin at length striate. St. 2-55 cm. x 34 mm., slightly attenu- ated upwards, viscido-pruinose. Ring fugacious. Gills free, very thin, moderately distant, somewhat ventricose, 3 mm. broad. Spores pinkish in the mass, pip-shaped, 6-8 x 4/x, 1- rarely 2-guttulate. Pine woods and amongst mosses in a cool fernery. May Nov. Rare. (v.v.) HiatulaFr. (Hio, I gape.) Pileus slightly fleshy at the disc, campanulate. Stem central. Ring very fugacious, not manifest in the adult stage. Gills free, or adnate. Spores white, subglobose, smooth, with a germ-pore. Growing on wood. 180. H. Wynniae B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 676, t. 688. Mrs Lloyd Wynne. Entirely shining white. P. 3-4 cm., very thin, campanulate, then plane, with a trace of an umbo, striate, pulverulent, disc darker. St. 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., equal, striate. Gills free, or very slightly adnexed at first, subdistant, 2 mm. broad, scarious. Spores white, subglobose, 5 x 4/i, with a germ-pore. On wood in stoves. Phosphorescent. A native of Queensland. Spores pink. Annularia Schulz. (Annularia, pertaining to a signet-ring.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring large, free, or adnate. Gills free. Spores pink, globose, or oval, smooth, continuous. Cystidia ventricose. Growing on the ground, or on wood. 82 ANNULABIA. PSALIOTA 181. A. laevis (Krombh.) Schulz. (= Lepiota pudica (Bull.) Quel.) Krombh. Icon. t. 26, figs. 16 and 17, as Agaricus laevis Krombh, Laevis, smooth. P. 5-12 cm., white, disc brownish, or yellowish, convex, expanded, obtuse, or subumbonate, sometimes minutely squamulose; margin often cracked, appendiculate with the remains of the ring. St. 4-12 x -5-1 cm., white, slightly attenuated upwards, base bulbous, silky. Ring white, large, free, subdistant. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, narrowed behind, somewhat crowded, thin. Flesh white, firm. Spores pink, "subglobose, 7-8 /i" Massee. Bushy places amongst grass. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 182. A. transilvanica Schulz. Transilvanica, belonging to Transylvania. P. whitish, disc darker, campanulate, striate to the vertex; margin lobed. St. paler than the p., flocculose, hollow. Ring membranaceous, complete. Gills crowded, unequal. Spores purple, or fuscous. Psaliota Fr. (fyakiov, a ring.) Pileus more or less fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring mem- branaceous, adnate, persistent, rarely fugacious. Gills free. Spores fuscous purple, reddish purple, blackish purple, or fuscous, elliptical, oval, globose, or obovate, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground. *Large, fleshy. 183. P. augusta Fr. (= Psaliota Elvensis B. & Br. sec. Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 60, as Psalliota villatica Brond. Augusta, majestic. P. 10-30 cm., whitish, fuscous citron, or dark straw colour, fleshy, globose-hemispherical, then expanded, very obtuse, silky, soon break- ing up into adpressed squamules; margin exceeding the gills, tomen- tosely toothed. St. 6-20 x 1-5-5 cm., white, becoming yellowish when bruised, then brownish, very firm, attenuated upwards from the base which is sunk in the earth, smooth, flocculose just under the ring. Ring white and smooth above, yellowish and areolately floccose on the under side, very wide, adnate to the st. for 2-3 cm., then free and pendulous. Gills pallid, then fuscous, free, separated from the st. by a broad collar, narrow at first, becoming wider, simple, thin, crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming yellowish or brownish in the st. when broken, soft, floccose like that of Lepiota procera. Spores brownish purple, PSALIOTA 83 elliptical, 7-13 x 5-6/i. Smell pleasant like anise, sometimes dis- agreeable. Taste pleasant, often like almonds. Edible. Woods, and pastures, often near ant hills. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 184. P. peronata Massee non Roz. et Rich. (= Psaliota augusta Fr. sec. Rene Maire.) Peronata, booted. P. 10-12-5 cm., pale dull ochraceous, densely covered with small, brown, silky scales, that become larger towards the margin, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded. St. 12-5-15 x 1-5 cm., white, equal, marginately bulbous at the base, covered with large, white, upward point- ing, squarrose scales below the ring, smooth above the ring. Ring yellowish, large, spreading. Gills pink, then pale purple brown, very distant from the st., 6-7 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, becoming brownish in the st. when cut. Spores purple-brown, obliquely ellip- tical, 6 x 4/1,. Taste pleasant. Edible. Pine woods. Oct. Rare. 185. P. Elvensis B. & Br. Boud. Icon. t. 134. Elvensis, belonging to the river Elwy. P. 8-15 cm., purplish brown, fleshy, subglobose, then hemispherical, at length often flattened and slightly depressed at the areolate disc, fibrillose, breaking up into large, persistent, floccose, pointed, somewhat revolute darker scales; margin very obtuse, thick, covered with pyra- midal warts. St. 7-15 x 2-5-5 cm., concolorous and fibrillose below the ring, apex paler, equal, becoming swollen in the centre, and attenu- ated at the base. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, thick, deflexed, broken here and there, more or less floccose at the margin and on the underside which is often areolate. Gills brownish flesh colour, then brownish purple, free, 6-8 mm. broad. Flesh turning red when cut, then becoming brownish, thick, firm. Spores brownish purple, globose, or subglobose, 6 x 4-5 p, with a large central gutta. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Often caespitose. Under oaks, beeches, firs, and on roadsides. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 186. P. Bernard!! Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. ra, t. 14. G. Bernard. P. 10-20 cm., white, then becoming ferruginous at the apex of the warts, fleshy, convex, then expanded, firm, the tomentose surface soon breaking up into thick, angular warts. St. 6-7 x 4-5 cm., white, becoming reddish brown with age, attenuated upwards from the bulbous base, apex striate. Ring white, membranaceous, soon disappearing, striate on the upper surface. Gills greyish flesh colour, then blackish purple, free, attenuated at both ends, 8-12 mm. broad. Flesh white, then tinged with purple, and finally stained with reddish brown, firm. Spores blackish purple, ovoid elliptical, 9-11 x 6-7 fj,, 1-guttulate, with an apical germ-pore. Smell unpleasant. Taste disagreeable. near the sea. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) K^astures 84 PSALIOTA 187. P. arvensis (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 71, no. 159. Arvensis, belonging to cultivated fields. P. 7-20 cm., whitish, becoming stained with yellow, fleshy, globoso- campanulate, then flattened, obtuse, flocculoso-mealy when young, then slightly silky even or squamulose, dry. St. 7-12 x 2-5-3 cm., white, often stained with yellow, thickened at the base, obsoletely marginato- bulbous when young, villose. Ring white, superior, large, pendulous, formed as it were of two growing together, the interior one membrana- ceous, uniform, the exterior one thicker and shorter, somewhat free at the circumference, often appendiculate at the margin of the p., radiately split. Gills white, at length reddish fuscous, free, approximate, ventri- cose, broader in front, always arid. Flesh white, or tinged with yellow, compact, firm, juicy, at length softer. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 810 x 5 6 /A. Smell pleasant, often like new meal. Taste mild. Edible. Often forming large rings. Pastures, and woods. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. purpurascens Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 541, t. 584. Purpurascens, becoming purple. Differs from the type in its smaller size and in the p. becoming tinged with purple. Spores reddish brown, broadly elliptical, 4-5 x Sp, 1- guttulate. Woods, pastures and under trees. July Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) var. albosquamosa W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 8. Albus, white; squamosa, scaly. Differs from the type in the snow-white patches on the fawn- coloured p. the remains of the universal veil. Artificially made mushroom beds. Not uncommon. var. vaporaria (Otto) W. G. Sm. (= Psaliota campestris (Linn.) Fr. var. vaporaria (Otto) Fr.) Vaporaria, of hothouses. Differs from the type in the smooth, pilose brown p., and the white St., reddish at the apex, and brownish, or reddish at the base. A cultivated form in mushroom beds. Common, (v.v.) var. hortensis (Cke.) W. G. Sm. (= Psaliota campestris (Linn.) Fr. var. hortensis Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 545, t. 527, as Psaliota cam- pestris Linn. var. hortensis. Hortensis, of gardens. Differs from the type in the fibrillose, or squamulose brownish p. Artificially made mushroom beds. Common, (v.v.) var. Buchananii (Berk.) W. G. Sm. (= Psaliota campestris (Linn.) Fr. var. Buchanani Berk.) Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 10. Buchanan, a gardener. Differs from the type in the white, opaque, nearly smooth, depressed p. Artificially made mushroom beds. PSALIOTA 85 var. cryptarum (Letell.) W. G. Sm. (= Psaliota campestris (Linn.) Fr. var. cryptarum (Letell.) Fr.) Kpinrrrj, a cave. Differs from the type in the greyish white, or brownish white p. A cultivated form in caves. var. intermedia W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 5. Intermedia, intermediate. Differs from the type in the pale, livid brassy-yellow p., with small rusty-yellowish spots at the middle, in the very short, obese, dull whitish, stained pale rusty st., and in the white flesh, becoming pale vinous-brown. Amongst rank grass in fields, often near trees. var. epileata W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 16. E, without; pileatus, having a cap. Differs from the type in the almost or quite obsolete p. and in the white, ringless st. inflated below. It is really an aborted form and un- worthy of a varietal name. Artificially prepared mushroom beds. Common, (v.v.) var. obesa W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 15. Obesa, stout. Differs from the type in the ventricose st. equalling, or exceeding the width of the p., in the very narrow gills, and in the white flesh sometimes changing to deep mahogany brown. This is a monstrous form and un- worthy of a varietal name. Artificially prepared mushroom beds. Often common, (v.v.) 188. P. xanthoderma Genev. (= Pratella cretacea Quel. sec. Maire.) Roze et Eichon, t. 17, figs. 5-8. gavQos, yellow; Sep/ia, skin. P. 8-12 cm., white, then somewhat tawny, becoming stained with yellow, especially when touched or rubbed, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, at length expanded, silky. St. 8-12 x 2-3 cm., white, be- coming yellow where touched or bruised, attenuated at the apex, more or less bulbous at the base, silky. Ring white, often stained with yellow at the margin. Gills white, then pink, cinereous, violet, or brownish, free, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellow especially at the base of the st., and under the cuticle of the p. and st. Spores brownish purple, pip-shaped, 6 x 4/x. Smell and taste unpleasant, almost foetid. Poison- ous for some persons. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. lepiotoides Rene Maire. Cke. Ulus. no. 542, t. 524, as Psaliota cretacea Fr. Lepiota, the genus Lepiota; e'So?, like. Differs from the type in the p. greyish white at first, then/wvered with greyish brown squamules, larger and denser at the disc, separated by 86 PSALIOTA whitish cracks, and finally becoming tinged with reddish purple. Pas- tures, and stoves. Feb. Oct. Rare. 189. P. flavescens Gillet. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. ra, t. 16. Flavescens, becoming yellow. P. 512 cm., white, at once turning saffron colour, then finally light brown when touched or bruised, campanulate, then expanded, smooth, dry, shining with a satin-like sheen, pellicle easily separable. St. 10-14 x 1-5-2 cm., white, with a satiny sheen, tinged reddish yellow at the base on one side, cylindrical. Ring dirty white, yellow on the outside, and more deeply coloured at the margin, membranaceous, soon disappearing. Gills pale pink, then darker, and finally brownish, free, crowded. Flesh white, turning instantly bright saffron yellow when fresh, and reddish yellow when drier, especially near the cuticle of the p. and at the base of the st. Spores reddish brown, oval, 56 x 4-5 fi, 1-guttulate, with an apical germ-pore. Smell none. Taste not dis- agreeable. Poisonous for some persons. Solitary, or in rings. Pas- tures, and fir woods. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) P. cretacea Fr. = Lepiota naucina Fr. 190. P. perrara Schulz. (=Psaliota augusta Fr. sec. Maire.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 89. Perrara, very uncommon. P. 6-14 cm., yellow, covered with dense, imbricate, Lepiotsb-like, ful- vous scales, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded. St. 9-11 x 1-5- 3 cm., whitish, covered below the ring with evanescent, fulvous scales, incrassated at the base. Ring white, becoming discoloured, squamosely floccose on the under side, large, superior, reflexed. Gills white, then rosy, and at length fuscous, free, often very remote, equally attenuated at both ends, 5 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellowish in the st. when broken, soft. Spores purplish fuscous, obovate, 7 9 x 4-5/u,, 1-guttulate. Oak woods, and under oaks. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 191. P. pratensis (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 543, t. 525. Pratensis, growing in meadows. P. 59 cm., whitish, becoming cinereous, fleshy, ovoid, then expanded, obtuse, silky, villous under a lens, becoming rimosely squamulose, dry. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., white, equal, slightly incrassated at the base, firm, smooth. Ring white, membranaceous, median, deciduous. Gills cine- reous, then fuscous, free, approximate, rounded behind, acutely attenu- ated in front. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores brown, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 5-6 x 3/x, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. July Oct. Uncommon. PSALIOTA 87 192. P. campestris (Linn.) Fr. Campestris, belonging to a plain. P. 5-12 cm., white, or rufescent, fleshy, lens-shaped-convex, then flattened, obtuse, dry, silky-even, or squamulose. St. 4-8 x 2-4 cm., white, firm, bulbous when young, then somewhat equal, even, or squamulose. Ring white, membranaceous, rarely in the form of a cortina, median, or more strictly sheathed to the middle, spreading, or reflexed, torn, often fugacious. Gills whitish, then soonflesh coloured, and at length umber-fuscous, free, approximate, ventricose, equally attenuated at both ends, crowded, often deliquescent. Flesh white, becoming reddish, or sometimes fuscous, thick, soft. Spores brownish purple, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 5-5'5/A. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures, and heaths, rarely in woods. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. alba Viv. Berk. Outl. t. 10, fig. 2. Alba, white. Differs from the type in the white, silky pileus and short st. Hardly worthy of a varietal name. Generally found along with the type. (v.v.) var. praticola (Vitt.) Fr. Vitt. t. 7. Praticola, living in meadows. Differs from the type in the rufous-scaly p., and in the flesh becoming immediately rufescent. var. subvolvacea W. G. Sm. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 13. Sub, somewhat; volvacea, having a volva. Differs from the type in the pale brown p. breaking up into dark umber scales, and in the long pale brownish st. furnished with a thin brown volva at the base. Fields, and artificially made mushroom beds. var. rufescens Berk. Berk. Outl. t. 10, fig. 3. Rufescens, becoming reddish. Differs from the type in the rufous, minutely squamulose p., the elongated st., and in the bright rose, sometimes crimson flesh when cut. var. umbrina (Vitt.) Fr. Vitt. t. 8. Umbrina, umber. Differs from the type in the umber p. becoming even, and in the stout, squamulose st. var. fulvaster Viv. Viv. t. 45, upper fig. Fulvaster, yellowish. Differs from the type in the ochraceous tawny p., and in the rose coloured gills becoming blackish. var. costata (Viv.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 546, t. 528, fig. A. Costata, ribbed. Differs from the type in the sulcate, repand p. Woods. Rare. 88 PSALIOTA var. elongate Berk. Field and cultivated mushrooms, fig. 3. Elongata, elongated. Differs from the type in the even, shining white p., in the margin permanently appendiculate with the veil, and in the long, bulbous st. Scarcely worthy of a varietal name. Pastures under trees. Un- common, (v.v.) var. exannulata Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 546, t. 528, fig. B. Exannulata, without a ring. Differs from the type in the evanescent, or obsolete ring. Scarcely worthy of a varietal name. Pastures. Occasionally, (v.v.) 193. P. sylvicola (Vitt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 547, t. 529, as Psaliota campestris Linn. var. sylvicola Vitt. Sylvicola, inhabiting woods. P. 7-11 cm., white, or yellowish, fleshy, globose, then convexo- expanded, silky, becoming even, shining; margin often appendiculate with the partial veil. St. 10-15 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, slightly attenuated upwards from the subbulbous base, smooth. Ring con- colorous, membranaceous, large, reflexed. Gills whitish, then slowly becoming fuscous, free, acute behind. Flesh whitish, at length becoming brownish, thin at the margin. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods and shrubberies. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 194. P. exserta (Viv.) Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 15. Exserta, thrust out. P. 6-18 cm., white, becoming yellowish ochraceous and broken up into minute adpressed scales, fleshy, campanulate, then convexo-ex- panded. St. 10-15 x 3-6 cm., white, either slightly attenuated up- wards from the base, or ventricose at the middle, bleeding when cut or wounded, almost smooth. Ring white, covered on the underside with yellowish, fugacious warts, membranaceous, large, thick, double, made up of two layers that split apart. Gills whitish, then pinkish, and finally fuscous, free, 5-10 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, immediately turning bright red when bruised, cut, or wounded, and exuding a bright red juice which finally stains the part affected deep brown. Spores deep ochre when deposited in the mass, subglobose, 5-6 x 4-5 p, 1-guttulate, with an apical germ-pore. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Solitary, or in rings. Pastures. May Nov. Un- common, (v.v.) 195. P. vfflatica (Brond.) Magn. Cke. Illus. no. 538, t. 521, as Psaliota augusta Fr. Villa, a country house. P. 10-40 cm., pale brown, sometimes with a yellowish tinge, fleshy, globose, then expanded, very obtuse, disc even, minutely fibrillose, PSALIOTA 89 adpressedly silky, squamose towards the paler margin, the scales appear- ing as if they had been pressed down with a hot iron. St. 10-20 x 3- 5 cm., white, becoming tinged with brown especially at the base, slightly attenuated upwards from the incrassated base, becoming smooth. King white above, yellowish and fioccosely scaly on the under side, membranaceous, soft, median, thick, reflexed. Gills pallid, then fus- cous cinereous, free, attenuated behind, 10-15 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, becoming reddish brown when cut, especially under the cuticle of the pileus and at the base of the st., compact, thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores rich brown, elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6/x,, with an apical germ-pore. Smell unpleasant. Taste mild. Edible. Pastures and gardens. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 196. P. sylvatica (Schaeff.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 90. Sylvatica, of woods. P. 7-5-11 cm., subferruginous, scales rufescent, or becoming fuscous, fleshy, oval, then campanulate and flattened, often somewhat umbo- nate, the whole surf ace floccose, torn into squamules, disc often remaining continuous, and at length denuded of scales; margin often rimosely incised. St. 6-9 x 1-1-5 cm., dingy white, at first stuffed with a cylindrical, separate, white pith, equal, or bulbous at the base, the bulb sometimes marginate, fibrillose below the ring, smooth above. Ring ivhite, distant, floccose on the underside, sometimes wide, thin and membranaceous, sometimes narrow, incomplete, fugacious. Gills white, then reddish, at length cinnamon fuscous, or umber fuscous, free, ventricose, equally attenuated at both ends, thin, arid, crowded. Flesh white, generally rufescent, often yellowish at the apex of the st., thin, fragile. Spores tawny flesh colour, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-5-4/x. Smell pleasant, or strong. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and under cedars. July Sept. Not uncommon. 197. P. haemorrhoidaria Kalchbr. (= Pratella sylvatica Schaeff. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 18, fig. 1. aifAoppoiSes, hemorrhoids. P. 5-12-5 cm., rufous fuscous, or brownish, fleshy, ovate, then ex- panded, covered with broad, adpressed, darker scales; margin at first incurved. St. 8-12 x 2-3 cm., white, becoming blood red when bruised, equal, often more or less bulbous at the base, silky, fibrillose. Ring white, becoming discoloured, large, persistent, superior, membranaceous. Gills rosy Jlesh colour, then purple umber, free, approximate, 6-12 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, immediately turning blood red when broken, thick. Spores purple-brown, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/u,. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially coniferous woods, pastures, and under conifers. Aug. Jan. Common, (v.v.) 90 PSALIOTA 198. P. setigera Fr. 1 (= Pratella sylvatica SchaefE. sec. Quel.) Paul, t. 132, figs. 3-4. Setigera, having coarse hairs. P. pale umber, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, silky. St. covered with pale umber, pilose squamules, equal. Ring thin, fugacious. Gills fuscous umber, free. Woods. 199. P. rubella (Gillet) Rea (= Pratella sylvatica SchaefE. sec. Quel.) Gill. Hym. Fr. t. 102, as Pratella rubella Gillet. Rubella, reddish. P. 4-8 cm., entirely covered with red fibrils, or scales, disc red brown, paler towards the margin, convex, or obtusely umbonate. St. 5 cm., white, or whitish, becoming stained with blood red like the p., slightly subbulbous at the base, cartilaginous, fibrillose. Ring fugacious. Gills rosy flesh colour, then brownish purple, free, slightly ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, becoming blood red, firm. Spores "4-75 6 x 3- 4, generally 5 x 3-5 " Sacc. Under conifers. Sept. Oct. Rare. **Smaller, p. thinly fleshy. 200. P. comtula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 130, fig. 1. Comtula, adorned. P. 35 cm., yellowish white, disc often tawny, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, adpressedly fibrillosely silky. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, becoming somewhat light yellow, somewhat attenuated at the base, apex striate, satiny. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, median, torn, fugacious, very thin. Gills flesh colour, then rose, and finally fuscous flesh colour, free, rounded behind, broader in front, crowded. Flesh white, or slightly yellowish, thin, soft. Spores purple fuscous, elliptical, 5 x 3/Lc, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste strong of anise. Edible. Woods, heaths and pastures. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 201. P. amethystina Quel. Roz. & Rich. t. 18, figs. 1-5. Amethystina, amethyst colour. P. 3-5 cm., white, becoming either rose, lilac, or amethyst coloured from the centre outwards, fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, villose, or fibrillose. St. 3-6 cm. x 5-10 mm., white, subbulbous at the base, fragile, glabrous. Ring white, thin, satiny. Gills light grey, then bay brown, free, ventricose, 6-7 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores brownish purple, roundish oblong, 5-7 x 4/z, 1-2-guttulate. Smell like that of Psaliota sylvicola. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 202. P. subgibbosa Fr. Sub, somewhat; gibbosa, humpbacked. P. 2-2-5 cm., yellowish, fleshy, convexo-plane, subumbonate, smooth; margin silky fibrillose. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid. Ring cortinate, fugacious. Gills white, then cinereous fuscous, free, remote. Spores fuscous. Fir woods. Rare. 1 This is listed as British by Massee in his Eur. Fung. Fl. Agar. 207. PSALIOTA. ANELLARIA 91 203. P. sagata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1177, t. 968. Sagata, clothed in a mantle. P. 3-5 cm., yellowish tawny, or reddish brown, fleshy, convex, then plane, at length revolute, obtuse, smooth, subpelliculose, shining. St. 5 cm. x 5-6 mm., yellowish, equal, at length compressed, fragile, smooth. King white, distant, entire, persistent. Gills pinkish, then umber, free, ventricose, 6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores purplish umber, elliptical, 6 x 3-4/A. Cystidia "on edge of gill basidia-like, 36-40 x 8-12/it" Rick. Grassy places, and under beeches. Oct. Rare. 204. P. dulcidula Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 17, fig. 1. Dulcidula, sweetish. P. 2-5-5 cm., lurid white, or ochraceous, disc subfuscous, or dirty violaceous, fleshy, convex, then plane, slightly gibbous, somewhat smooth, dry. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, fragile, base in- curved, subbulbous, almost smooth. Ring concolorous, membrana- ceous, median, erect, persistent. Gills pallid greyish, then black, free, widest in front, 4 mm. broad, rather crowded. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Smell pleasant. Taste sweetish. Under oaks, and on heaths. Oct. Rare. 205. P. rusiophylla (Lasch) Fr. Russus, red; <f>v\\ov, a leaf. P. 2-3-5 cm., flesh colour, or ruddy, becoming pale, fleshy, campanu- late, then expanded, umbonate, fibrillose ; margin somewhat appendicu- late with the partial veil. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, slightly attenuated from the thickened base, fibrillose. Ring superior, re- flexed, persistent. Gills rosy, then fuscous, free, crowded. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores reddish, elliptical, 5 x 3p. Frondose woods, and parks. Oct. Rare. P. haematosperma (Bull.) Fr. = Lepiota haematosperma (Bull.) Boud. P. echinata (Roth) Fr. = Lepiota haematosperma (Bull.) Boud. Spores black, or blackish fuscous. Anellaria Karst. (Anellus, a little ring.) Pileus fleshy, campanulate. Stem central. Ring membranaceous, persistent, or fugacious. Gills adnate, or often almost free. Spores black, or blackish fuscous, pip-shaped, or elliptical, smooth, with an apical germ-pore. Growing on dung, or on the ground. A. separata (Linn.) Karst. (= Panaeolus separatus (Linn.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 623, t. 623, as Panaeolus separatus Fr. Separata, distinct. 92 ANELLARIA. AMANITOPSIS P. 2-6 cm., clay whitish, or yellowish, fleshy, ovato-campanulate, 2-5-4-5 cm. high, not expanding, obtuse, viscid, smooth, often wrinkled, or cracked when old; margin often appendiculate with the veil. St. 5-20 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish, tense and straight, rigid, gradually attenuated upwards from the thickened base, striate under a lens, smooth. Ring white, membranaceous, distant, entire, narrow, persistent, often striate. Gills whitish, then cinereous black, adnate, but almost separating, ascending, 4-8 mm. broad, edge often whitish. Flesh whitish, yellowish under the cuticle, and towards the base of the st., thick at the disc. Spores black, pip-shaped, 16-20 x 10-12jM. Cystidia bottle-shaped, 30-40 x 8-1 4/x. x 5-8 ju, at apex. On dung, especially that of horse. Woods, fields, and gardens. April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 207. A. fimiputris (Bull.) Karst. (= Panaeolus fimiputris (Bull.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 626, t. 626, as Panaeolus phaknarum Bull. Fimus, dung; putris, rotten. P. 23 cm., fuliginous-cinereous, or livid, fleshy, conical, then ex- panded, somewhat gibbous, viscid, smooth, generally beaded with the veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, equal, smooth, girt with an annular zone above the middle. Gills livid blackish, adfixed. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores black, "elliptical, apiculate, 9-10 x 6/u," Massee. On dung. Fields, roadsides, and gardens. April Nov. Common, (v.v.) 208. A. scitula Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 625, t. 927, fig. B, as Panaeolus scitulus Massee. Scitula, pretty. P. 11-5 cm., dirty pale ochre, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, viscid, margin exceeding the gills. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal, shining, base peronate, sheath ending in a persistent ring below the middle of the st. Gills becoming ashy grey, speckled with the black spores, almost free, narrow, crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores black, opaque, with a colourless hilum, elliptical, 12-13 x 4/x. On soil in a flower-pot. Eare. ***With a volva at the base of the stem. Spores white. Amanitopsis Roze. (Amanita, the genus; cn/rt?, like.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy. Volva membranaceous, free, lax, sheathing. Gills free, or adnate. Spores white, globose, sub- globose, oblong elliptic, smooth, continuous. Growing on the ground. 209. A. vaginata (Bull.) Roze. Gonn. & Rabenh. t. 7, fig. 1. Vagina, a sheath. P. 3-10 cm., livid, or mouse grey, covered with large, white, or grey, fugacious patches of the fragments of the volva, slightly fleshy, cam- AMANITOPSIS 93 panulate, then flattened, obtuse, slightly viscid at first; margin deeply striate. St. 12-15 x 1-1-5 cm., white, or grey, floccose, slightly attenuated upwards, surrounded at the base by a large, free, lax, often lobed, white, or grey membranaceous volva, often inclosing a ring-like mark around the stem. Gills white, or greyish, free, ventricose. Flesh white, thin. Spores globose, 10-12/i, with a large central gutta. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. June Nov. Common, (v.v.) 210. A. fulva (Schaeff.) W. G. Sm. Boud. Icon. t. 7. Fulvus, tawny. P. 4-10 cm., tawny, disc deeper coloured, campanulate, then flattened, umbonate, slightly viscid, covered with a few, fugacious patches of the yellowish volva; margin striate. St. 7-20 x -5-1 cm., paler tawny, squamulose, base surrounded by the upright, lax, free yellowish, membranaceous volva. Gills white, tinged with yellow, free. Flesh white, yellow under the epidermis. Spores globose, 9-14/i, multi- guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, etc., especially under birch trees. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 211. A. nivalis (Grev.) Rea. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 18. Nivalis, snow coloured. P. 5-9 cm., white, disc pale ochraceous, covered at first with the very fugacious, white fragments of the volva, campanulate, then convex and plane, or slightly umbonate; margin striate. St. 713 x 1 cm., white, the subbulbous base surrounded by a white, lax, free, membranaceous volva. Gills white, free, broader in front. Flesh white, thin. Spores oblong elliptic, 11-12 x 9/u,, with a large central gutta. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 212. A. strangulata (Fr.) Roze. Boud. Icon. t. 9, as Amanitopsis inaurata (Seer.) Boud. Strangulata, choked. P. 8-15 cm., bright tawny, or tawny brown, covered with numerous large, grey, patches of the fragments of the volva, convex, then plane, slightly viscid; margin deeply striate. St. 12-30 x 3-4 cm., greyish white, stout, attenuated upwards, encircled by one to three greyish rings on the lower half the remnants of the friable volva which disintegrates at the base. Gills white, or tinged yellowish, adnate, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, tinged slightly yellowish under the cuticle. Spores globose, 8-13 fi, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures, chiefly on the chalk and limestone. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 213. A. adnata (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. (= Amanita junquillea Quel.) Saund. & Sm. t. 20. Adnata, adnate. P. 6-7 cm., pale yellowish buff, covered with white, woolly patches of the volva, fleshy, very firm, convex, then expanded ; margin exceeding the gills. St. 5-10 x 1-5 cm., pale buff, fibrillose, base slightly swollen 94 AMANITOPSIS. VOLVARIA and covered by the adnate volva, which has only a small, free, lax margin, sometimes almost obsolete. Ring generally absent. Gills white, truly adnate, crowded. Flesh white, buff beneath the epidermis. Spores subglobose, 7-9 x 6-7 /A, with a large central gutta. Woods, and heaths. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v. 1 ) Spores pink. Volvaria Fr. (Volvaria, having a volva, or wrapper.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Volva membra naceous, free, sheathing. Gills free. Spores pink, elliptical, or subglobose, smooth, continuous. Growing on the ground, or on wood. *P. dry, silky, or fibrillose. 214. V. bombycina (SchaefT.) Fr. (= Volvaria Loveiana Berk. sec. Barb.) Bombycina, silky. P. 7-20 cm., white, becoming yellowish, fleshy, soft, globose, then campanulate and convex, subumbonate, silky, becoming squamuloso- villose, disc rarely becoming smooth. St. 7-15 x 1-2 cm., white, attenuated upwards, base bulbous, often curved. Volva whitish, be- coming discoloured, soon torn asunder, ample, 3-8 cm. broad, mem- branaceous, lax, laciniate, somewhat viscid, persistent. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, very crowded, ventricose, becoming toothed. Flesh white, becoming yellowish. Spores pink, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /u,. Cystidia sparse, clavate, often slightly constricted near the apex, 5560 x 18//,. Smell and taste pleasant. On decayed wood, stumps and sawdust. June Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 215. V. volvacea (Bull.) Fr. (= Volvaria Taylori Berk. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 294, t. 294. Volvacea, having a volva. P. 7-10 cm., cinereous, black-streaked with adpressed fibrils, cam- panulate, then expanded, obtuse. St. 512-5 x 1 cm., white, villose, somewhat equal. Volva whitish, fuscous at the apex, oval, membra- naceous, lax, often adpressed to the stem. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, ventricose. Flesh white, floccose. Spores pink, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Gardens, in stoves, roadsides. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 216. V. Loveiana Berk. (= Volvaria plumulosa (Lasch) Quel.; Vol- varia hypopitys Fr. sec. Quel. ; Volvaria bombycina Schaeff. sec. Barb.) Berk. Outl. t. 7, fig. 2. Rev. R. T. Lowe P. 57 cm., tvhite, with a very slight shade of pink, or cinereous, sub- truncato-globose, then convex, or slightly expanded, beautifully silky; 1 At Sandringham, Norfolk, on the 30th October, 1899, specimens were found both with a well-defined membranaceous ring and without any trace of a ring. C. R. VOLVARIA 95 margin involute. St. 5 x -5-1 cm., pure white, bulbose, attenuated upwards, closely fbrillose, with a little matted, down, very juicy. Volva 'pure white, with a little downy prominence within round the base of the stem. Gills white, becoming gradually pale pink, free, broad in front, subdeliquescent. Flesh white, becoming yellowish. Spores pink, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. On Clitocybe nebularis (Batsch) Fr. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 217. V. Taylori Berk. (= Vdvaria volvacea Bull. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 296, t. 296. M. A. Taylor. P. 2-5 cm., livid, conico-campanulate, obtuse, striato-rimose from the apex, thin; margin lobed, sinuate. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., pallid, nearly equal, slightly bulbose at the base. Volva date-brown, lobed, somewhat lax, small. Gills rose colour, free, broad in front, very much attenuated behind, uneven, edge jloccose, white. Spores pink, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/Lt, 2-guttulate. Gardens. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 218. V. temperata B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 300, t. 300, upper fig. Temper ata, moderate. P. 6 mm., whitish, disc tinged tawny, convex, then expanded, umbo- nate, pulverulent, striate. St. 1 -5-2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, pel- lucid. Volva white, ample. Gills pinkish, free. Spores pink, elliptical, 4 x 2-5 p. Greenhouses. Feb. Rare. **P. more or less viscid, smooth. 219. V. speciosa Fr. (= VolvariagloiocephalaDC.sec. Dumee.) Boud. Icon. t. 84. Speciosa, handsome. P. 7-13 cm., whitish, subumbonate disc grey, or umber, fleshy, glo- bose, then campanulate, at length plane, viscid. St. 10-20 x 12-5 cm., white, firm, slightly attenuated upwards, base white-villose when young. Volva white, membranaceous, bulbous, free, variously torn into loops, externally tomentose. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, ventricose. Flesh white, floccose. Spores pink, elliptical, 15-16 x 8-10 p, 1-2- guttulate. Cystidia " vesiculose-pyrif orm, 60-70 x 20-36 p, some- times pointed" Rick. Smell none, or somewhat strong. Edible sec. Maire. Dunghills, roadsides, and occasionally in woods. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 220. V. gloiocephala (DC.) Fr. (= Volvaria speciosa Fr. sec. Dumee.) Cke. Illus. no. 298, t. 298. 7X0*09, sticky; Ke<f>a\tj, head. P. 7-11 cm., fuliginous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbo- nate, glutinous', margin striate. St. 8-18 x 1-2 cm., white, becoming fuscous, or tawny, attenuated upwards, base subbulbose and villose. Volva whitish, grey, or fuscous, circularly split, lobed, villose, often adpressed to the stem. Gills white, then reddish, free, broad, especially in front, attenuated behind, margin slightly toothed. Flesh white, 96 VOLVARIA. LOCELLINA fuscous under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores pink, elliptical, 12 x 7fj,. Smell and taste unpleasant. Poisonous. On the ground. June Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 221. V. viperina Fr. 1 (= ^Volvaria cornea (Pico.) Quel.; Volvaria speciosa Fr. sec. Maire.) Viperina, of a snake. P. 3-4 cm., grey, or cinereous, fleshy, persistently conical, acute, viscid, silky shining when dry. St. white, equal, subflexuose. Volva thin, entire, closely sheathing. Gills tinged yellowish then flesh colour. Spores pink, "6-8 x 4-4-5/i" Herpell. 222. V. media (Schum.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 299, t. 299. Medius, middle. P. 3-5 cm., white, disc brownish, or yellowish, slightly fleshy, con- vexo-plane, obtuse, viscid, silky when dry and shining. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, subbulbose, equal. Volva white, membranaceous, sheathing, lobed. Gills white, then rosy flesh colour, free, broad in front, attenuated behind. Flesh white. Spores pink, elliptical, 5-6 x 4/u,. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 223. V. parvula (Weinm.) Fr. (= Volvaria pusilla (Pers.) Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 86. Parvulus, very small. P. 1-3 cm., whitish, disc yellowish, slightly fleshy, conical, then cam- panulate, at length rather plane and umbonate, at first slightly viscid, soon dry silky. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, equal, silky, base villose. Volva white, membranaceous, free, lobed, minutely tomentose on the outside. Gills white, then flesh colour, free, broad in front. Flesh white. Spores pink, elliptical, 5 x 3/n, 1-2-guttulate. Pastures, gardens, and woods. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) var. biloba Massee (= Volvaria parvula, forma B. Fries Monogr.). Bi, two; A,oy8o?, the lobe of the ear. Entirely white when young. P. conical, 6-8 mm. high, dry, some- times floccosely squamulose. St. 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., equal, pubescent. Volva bilobed, sheathing, externally adpressedly silky. Pastures. July Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) Spores ochraceous. Locellina GiU. (Acetabularia Berk.) (Locellus, a casket.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, thin. Volva membranaceous, sheathing. Gills free, or adnate. Spores ochraceous, or somewhat fuscous, oval, or oblong, smooth, continuous. Cystidia ventricose, pointed. Growing on the ground. 1 This is listed as British by Massee in his Eur. Fung. Fl. Agar. 120. LOCELLINA. CLARKEINDA. AMANITA 97 224. L. Alexandri Gillet. Alexandre. P. 2-3 cm., yellowish-tan, disc darker, convex, umbonate, viscid, pellicle easily separable; margin appendiculate with the cinnamon fibrils of the arachnoid veil. St. white, or whitish, equal, or slightly thickened at the base, flexuose, striate, covered with afibrillose, cinnamon veil up to 1-2 cm. of the apex. Volva white, or whitish, becoming reddish when handled, irregular, torn at the edge. Gills reddish fiesh colour, paler at the edge, adnato-decurrent, crowded. Flesh whitish. Spores "be- coming fuscous, oblong " Big. & Guill. Woods, at the base of beeches. Oct. Eare. 225. L. acetabulosa (Sow.) Sacc. (= Acetabularia acetabulosa Berk. ; Pluteus semibulbosus Lasch sec. Boud.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 303, as Agaricus acetabulosus Sow. Acetabulum, a vinegar cup. P. 2-3 cm., tan colour, convex; margin plicate, or deeply striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 3 mm., white, equal. Volva discoid, socket-like. Gills tawny, free, lanceolate, 3 mm. broad. Flesh very thin. River bank, near high-water mark. May. Rare. Spores purple, or fuscous. Clarkeinda O. Kuntz. (Chitonia Fr.) (C. B. Clarke, 'Ii/So<?, pertaining to India.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, thin. Volva membranaceous, sheathing. Gills free. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, smooth, with an apical germ-pore. Growing on the ground. 226. C. rubriceps (Cke. & Massee) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 1176, t. 967, as Chitonia rubriceps Cke. & Massee. Ruber, red; caput, head. P. 1'5 2-5 cm., testaceous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, often becoming depressed round the umbo, smooth; mar- gin arched, faintly striate. St. 7'5 cm. x 3-4 mm., paler than the p., equal, smooth, rooting. Volva whitish, sheathing, saccate, torn at the margin. Gills purplish brown, free, lanceolate, narrow, rather crowded. Flesh white, fairly thick at the disc. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, a little attenuated at both ends, 12 x 6ju. On soil in Aroid house. Dec. Rare. ****With a ring on the stem, and a volva at the base of the stem. Spores white. Amanita (Pers.) Fr. (Probably from Mount Amanus in Cilicia.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy. Ring membranaceous, adnate, persistent, rarely fugacious. Volva membranaceous, free, or B. B. B. 7 AMANITA adnate, persistent, or friable. Gills free, subadnate, or decurrent by a tooth, intermediate gills cut squarely behind. Spores white, rarely tinged greenish, globose, subglobose, oval, or elliptical, smooth, very rarely verrucose. Cystidia subglobose, or cylindrical ventricose. Growing on the ground. (a) Margin of volva free, persistent. P. generally naked. 227. A. verna (Lam.) Fr. Syst. (= Amanita virosa Fr. Hym. Eur.) Cke. Illus. no. 1, t. 1, as Amanita virosa Fr. Ver, spring. Entirely white. P. 58 cm., fleshy, conical, acute, then campanulate, expanded, and subumbonate, glutinous, shining when dry; margin often unequal, repand, inflexed. St. 8-12 x 1-5-2 cm., cylindrical from the bulbose base, often compressed at the apex, split up into longitudinal fibrils, floccosely squamulose. Ring apical, lax, silky, splitting up into floccose fragments. Volva thick, lax, wide. Gills free, thin, linear-lanceolate, a little broader in front, crowded, edge often floccose. Spores white, globose, 7-8/z,. Smell foetid. Taste un- pleasant. Poisonous. Moist woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. grisea Massee. Grisea, grey. Differs from the type in the p. being shaded with grey. Woods. Rare. 228. A. phalloides (Vaill.) Fr. (= Amanita virescens (Vaill.) Quel.) Rolland, Champ, t. 3, no. 3. (f>a\\6$, Phallus; etSo<?, like. P. 7-10 cm., greenish, or yellowish olive, streaked with dark, innate fibrils, fleshy, ovato-campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, viscid, rarely covered with one or two fragments of the volva. St. 8-12 x 1-5-2 cm., white, rarely besprinkled with olive or pale yellowish olive, adpressed squamules, smooth, or floccose, attenuated upwards, base bulbous. Ring white, superior, reflexed, slightly striate, swollen, generally en- tire. Volva free for half its depth, generally splitting up into three or four, more or less acute segments. Gills white, free, ventricose, 8 mm. broad. Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 8-11 x 7-9 fj., with a large central gutta. Smell foetid when old. Taste unpleasant. Poisonous. Woods, and ad joining pastures. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. verna (Bull.) Fr. 1 Boud. Icon. t. 2, as Amanita verna (Bull.) Fr. Verna, occurring in spring. Differs from the type in being entirely white. Spores white, globose, 7-8/i,, with a large central gutta. July Aug. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. umbrina (Ferry) Maire. Differs from the type in the brownish umber p., and in the fuscous, adpressed squamules on the st. (v.v.) 1 Boudier describes this as a distinct species with oval spores 10-14 x 7-9 fi. AMANITA 99 229. A. porphyria (A. & S.) Fr. Barla, Champ, t. 3, figs. 5-6. Trop<f>vpa, purple. P. 3-6 cm., greyish bistre with a purplish tinge, campanulate, then expanded, moist; margin rarely slightly striate. St. 7-9 x 1 cm., white tinted with grey, base bulbous. Ring white, becoming fuscous, distant. Volva erect, white becoming fuscous. Gills white, adnexed, crowded, thin. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 9/z, multi-guttu- late. Smell strong. Poisonous. Pine woods. July Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 230. A. lutea Otth. Lutea, yellow P. 4-7-5 cm., yellow, or yellowish ochre, conical, then expanded, viscid, disc papillose, usually with broad scattered scales; margin invo- lute, striate. St. 7-8 cm., bulbous, rather narrowed upwards. Ring white, thin. Volva membranaceous. Gills white, crowded. Woods. Rare. (6) Volva circumscissile, or fugacious. P. generally covered with fragments of the volva. 231. A. recutita Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. i and n, t. 2, as Amanita Secretanii Rabenh. Recutita, circumcised. P. 6-9 cm., fuliginous, bistre, or brown, but without any tinge of purple, dry, convex, then plane, generally covered with fragments of the volva, silky. St. 8-10 x 1-5-3 cm., white, silky, attenuated up- wards, base bulbous. Ring white, distant. Volva greyish bistre, closely sheathing, ending abruptly. Gills white, adnexed with a decurrent line. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 8-9 /x. Smell slightly foetid. Poisonous. Pine, and birch woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) A.junquillea Quel. = Amanitopsis adnata (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. 232. A. mappa (Batsch) Fr. (= Amanita citrina (Schaefl.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 4, t. 4. Mappa, a napkin. P. 6-9 cm., white, or becoming yellow, covered with patch-like frag- ments of the volva, slightly fleshy, dry, convexo-plane, obtuse, or depressed, orbicular. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, equal, base bulbous. Ring white, yellowish on the exterior, superior, soft, lax, minutely striate. Volva yellowish, or fuliginous, obtuse, the friable upper portion disappearing and leaving a distinct groove round the base of the st. Gills white, adnexed, crowded, narrow, edge often yellowish. Flesh white, yellowish under the cuticle. Spores white, subglobose, apiculate at the base, 8-10 x 7-9 fj,, with a large central gutta. Smell foetid. Poisonous. Woods, and heaths. July Oct. Common, (v.v.) 72 100 AMANITA var. citrina (Gonn. & Rabenh.) Eea. Gonn. & Kabenh. i and n, t. 4. Citrina, lemon yellow. P. 8-12 cm., bright yellow with white patches of the fragments of the volva, convex, obtuse. St. 10-12 x 2 cm., white, stout. Volva im- perfect. Spores white, "globose, waited, 6-7 /A" Massee. Rare. var. alba (Gillet) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 3, t. 3. Alba, white. Differs from the type in being white, and then becoming discoloured. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) (c) Volva floccose, or friable. P. floccose, or verrucose with the fragments of the volva, rarely naked. 233. A. muscaria (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 5, t. 117. Musca, a fly. P. 10-20 cm., scarlet, or orange, covered with white, or yellowish fragments of the volva, fleshy, viscid, globose, then convex, and at length flattened; margin slightly striate when mature. St. 10-22 x 2-5 cm., white, or yellowish, firm, often torn into scales, apex striate, base bulbous, encircled by several concentric rings formed from the fragments of the volva. Ring white, yellowish on the exterior, superior, very soft, torn, somewhat striate. Gills white, rarely becoming yellow, free, but reaching the stem, crowded, thick, broader in front, minutely denticulate. Flesh white, yellow under the epidermis. Spores white, elliptical, apiculate, 8-10 x 6-7 //,. Taste mild. Poisonous. Birch, and coniferous woods, and under birches and conifers. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. regalis Fr. Regalis, royal. Differs from the type in the very glutinous, liver coloured p., and in the st. becoming light yellow internally. Beech woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. formosa Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. i and n, t. 10, fig. 2. Formosa, handsome. Differs from the type in the lemon yellow p. covered with lax, mealy yellowish, fugacious fragments of the veil, and in the st. and ring often becoming yellow. Beech woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. umbrina Fr. Umbrina, umber. Differs from the type in being thinner, and more slender, and in the umber, or livid p., fuscous at the disc. Woods. Rare. var. paella (Batsch) Cda. Gonn. & Rabenh. i and n, t. 7, fig. 2. Puella, a girl. Differs from the type in its smaller size, and in the p. being destitute of any fragments of the volva. Woods. Rare, (v.v.) AMANITA 101 var. aureola (Kalchbr.) Quel. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 1, fig. 1. Aureola, golden. Differs from the type in the erect, membranaceous volva. Under birches. Uncommon, (v.v.) 234. A. rcmilii Kiel. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxm (1907), t. 1. Emile Boudier, the eminent French mycologist. P. 13-17 cm., yellowish butter colour, becoming tawny purplish, disc finally dark fuscous, covered with cream coloured fragments of the volva, fleshy, viscid, convex, then hemispherical, and finally expanded, and depressed; margin paler, finally striate. St. 12-20 x 1-5-3 cm., white, bulbous. Ring white, thick, especially at the margin, and covered with the fragments of the cream coloured volva, crenulate, torn. Volva friable, forming three to four concentric rings round the apex of the globose, rarely fusiform base of the stem. Gills whitish, or pale rose colour, attenuated or rounded near the stem, broad, somewhat crowded, edge denticulate, floccose. Flesh white, pale rose red under Spores white, subglobose, 9-10//,, 1-guttulate. Taste Poisonous. Deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 235. A. solitaria (Bull.) Fr. (= Amanita strobiliformis (Vitt.) sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 3. Solitaria, lonely. P. 8-12 cm., white, then pearl grey, covered with moderately thick, angular, wart-like fragments of the volva, which are at first plate-like, floccose, white, and easily separable, then becoming greyish and hardened, very fleshy, moist, convex then expanded; margin appen- diculate with the veil. St. 10-20 x 3 cm., white, covered with thick, floccose, imbricate scales; base bulbous, prolonged into a root-like point. Ring cream colour, floccose, often torn, and finally disappearing, striate. Volva white, or greyish, very friable. Gills snow white, free, decurrent by a tooth, ventricose, minutely crenulate. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 13-15 x 8-10/i. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Clearings in woods, and adjacent pastures. July Oct. Rare. (v.v.) 236. A. strobilifonnis (Paul.) Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 9, t. 277. Strobilus, a pine cone. P. 6-30 cm., grey, covered with very thick, somewhat separable, angular, pyramidal, wart-like, grey fragments of the volva, very fleshy, hemi- spherical, then plane. St. 15-22 x 3-5 cm., whitish, clothed with grey flocci; base bulbous, immersed in the soil and surrounded by two or three circles formed by the remains of the volva. Ring white, apical, torn, dependent, wide, striate. Volva greyish, friable. Gills white, free, decurrent by a tooth. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 102 AMANITA 10-11 x 7/x. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Downs, and woods especially on the chalk. July Oct. Locally common, rare elsewhere. (v.v.) 237. A. aculeata Quel. Quel. Champ. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 1, fig. 1, as Amanita strobiliformis Fr. Aculeata, prickly. P. 5-10 cm., white, becoming greyish, fleshy, convex, then plane, densely covered with erect, slender, pointed, angular, firm, adnate, whitish or greyish warts, that become tinged with bistre with age; margin white, smooth. St. 5-12 cm. x 2-5 cm., whitish, solid, equal, floc- cosely scaly; base bulbous, often attenuated downwards, surrounded by several concentric crenulate zones, the remains of the volva. Ring white, superior, thin, torn, striate, often becoming fugacious. Gills white, becoming yellowish with age, 5-15 mm. wide, sinuate behind, crowded. Flesh white, then tinged with yellow, thick, soft. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, with a basal apiculus, 10-11 x 8-9 /x, contents granular. Smell and taste pleasant. Amongst beech leaves, in woods. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 238. A. Vittadinii (Moretti) Vitt. (= Amanita umbella (Paul.) Quel.) Krombh. t. 27. Vittadini, an Italian mycologist. P. 6-12 cm., white, densely covered with small, erect, wart-like frag- ments of the volva, convex, then plane, silky. St. 15-20 x 2-2-5 cm., white, becoming tinged with greenish, floccosely scaly, base often some- what bulbous. Ring white, superior, large, flexuose, often double. Volva white, or grey, friable. Gills cream colour, finally becoming greenish, decurrent by a tooth, ventricose, thick. Flesh white, then tinged greenish. Spores white ("greenish" Quel.), elliptical, 6-9 x 6 /A. Smell and taste unpleasant. Poisonous. Downs, and woods on the chalk and limestone. July Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 239. A. echinocephala Vitt. Cke. Illus. no. 1102, t. 939, fide Boudier, as Amanita solitaria Bull. e^ti/o?, hedgehog; K<j)a\ij, head. P. 6-8 cm., white, or greyish, covered with thin, pointed, wart-like fragments of the volva, convex, then flattened and depressed at the disc; margin floccose. St. 8-14 x 2-4 cm., white, clothed with revo- lute squamules, base napiform and rooting. Ring white, distant, per- sistent, slightly striate. Volva greyish, friable. Gills greenish yellow, free, broad. Flesh white, yellowish at the base of the stem. Spores "white, ovoid, 11-13 x 7-10/t" Boud. Smell and taste unpleasant. Poisonous. Limestone pastures, and woods. July Sept. Rare. 240. A. excelsa Fr. (= Amanita ampla (Pers.) Quel.) Rolland, Champ, t. 6, no. 8, as Amanita ampla. Excelsa, tall. P. 9-15 cm., reddish grey, or brownish grey, covered with mealy, fugacious patches of the volva, streaked with innate, blackish bistre AMANITA 103 fibrils, globose, then plane, viscid, rugose, uneven; margin often finally striate. St. 12-20 x 2-3 cm., greyish, equal, or bulbous at the base, villose, concentrically scaly below the ring from the breaking up of the epidermis. Ring white, large, superior, dependent, torn, often fugacious. Volva whitish grey, friable. Gills white, free, very broad, 12-15 mm., ventricose. Mesh white, soft, fragile. Spores white, subglobose, 9 x 7-8 \i, multi-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill, globular, 20- 35/u, in diam." Lange. Taste pleasant, smell unpleasant. Poisonous. Deciduous woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 241. A. pantherina (DC.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 7, no. 10. Pantherina, deceitful. P. 6-10 cm., olivaceous umber, fuliginous, or greyish olive, rarely whitish, covered with numerous small, white, moderately persistent frag- ments of the volva, fleshy, convex, then flattened, or subdepressed, viscid, shining when dry; margin striate. St. 7-9 x 1 cm., white, equal, or attenuated upwards, base bulbous. Ring white, distant, thin, striate, adhering obliquely, somewhat fugacious. Volva white, forming one or two concentric rings at the apex of the globose base of the stem. Gills white, free, reaching the stem, broader in front, 6-8 mm. broad. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 11-12 x 7-9 /z. Cystidia "mostly cylindric-vesiculose about 12/z, in diam." Lange. Taste insipid, smell unpleasant. Poisonous. Woods, heaths, and pastures. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 242. A. cariosa Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. t. 9, fig. 2, as Amanita aspera. Cariosa, rotten. P. 6-12 cm., umber, or dark cinereous, covered with white, mealy fragments of the volva, convex, then plane, often hemispherical, tender; margin often striate. St. 12-14 x 2-4 cm., white, fragile, attenuated upwards, not bulbous, villose, mealy. Ring white, superior, broad, fugacious. Volva white, friable. Gills white, adnate, becoming free. Flesh white, fragile. Spores white, ovoid, 11-13 x 7-10 /JL. Taste acid. Poisonous. Woods. Sept. Rare. 243. A. spissa Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 6, no. 9. Spissa, thick. P. 8-15 cm., umber fuliginous, or grey, fleshy, compact, convexo- plane, obtuse, covered with whitish, or greyish, fugacious patches of the volva; margin often fibrillose. St. 10-11 x 3-^ cm., white, clothed with concentric squamules below the ring, base bulbous, somewhat rooting. Ring white, superior, large, striate. Volva whitish, or greyish, friable. Gills white, slightly striato-decurrent, broad, crowded. Flesh white, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 9-10 x 8-9 p. Cystidia "on edge of gills globular, 18-30//, in diam." Lange. Taste insipid, or slightly biting. Edible. Deciduous woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 104 AM ANITA 244. A. rubescens (Pers.) Fr. (= Amanita rubens (Scop.) Quel.) Rolland, Champ, t. 9, no. 13. Rubescens, becoming red. P. 8-12 cm., reddish brown, or dingy reddish brown, sometimes pale, covered with large, grey (sometimes white, or yellowish) mealy patches of the volva, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, moist; margin slightly striate when old. St. 7-12 x 3-4 cm., reddish white, deeper in colour at the bulbous base, squamulose, attenuated upwards. Ring white, superior, large, membranaceous, soft, striate. Volva evanescent. Gills white, then spotted with red, decurrent by a tooth, attenuated behind, thin, crowded, soft. Flesh white, becoming reddish when broken. The whole plant becomes reddish with injury, or handling. Spores white, ovoid, or elliptical, 8-10 x 7/*, 1-2-guttulate. Taste sweet, then acrid. Edible. Woods, heaths, pastures, etc. Common, (v.v.) var. magnifica (Fl. Dan.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 14, t. 34, as Amanita magnifica Fr. Magnifica, splendid. Differs from the type in the smooth pileus, equal stem, and fugacious ring. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. alba W. G. Smith. Alba, white Differs from the type in being entirely white. Woods. Rare. var. annulo-sulphurea Gillet. Annulus, a ring; sulphurea, sulphur-yellow. Differs from the type in having a persistent, sulphur coloured ring. Woods, and heaths. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. gracilis Cat. de S. et L. Gracilis, thin. Differs from the type in being thinner, and smaller in all its parts. Heaths. Uncommon, (v.v.) 245. A. nitida Fr. Nitida, shining. P. 6-10 cm., white, or yellowish, shining, covered with large, angular, thick fragments of the volva, which become fuscous, convex, then plane, fleshy. St. 6-7 x 1-2-5 cm., white, firm, slightly attenuated upwards, squamulose below the ring, base bulbous. Ring white, superior, thin, torn, slightly striate, villous outside, at length fugacious. Volva whitish, becoming fuscous, evanescent. Gills white, free, crowded, very broad, 8-12 mm., ventricose. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 6-9 x 4-5/Lt. Taste sweet, or slightly acrid. Poisonous. Deciduous woods. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 246. A. aspera (Fr.) Qu61. Asper, rough. P. 5-8 cm., straw colour, grey, olive, or bistre, covered with small, pointed, floccose, sulphur coloured, persistent fragments of the volva, AMANITA. ARMILLARIA 105 which become whitish or brownish in dry weather, convex, then plane. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., white, attenuated upwards, slightly floccose, base bulbous, surmounted by sulphur coloured flocci that become brown- ish. Ring white, distant, margin sprinkled with sulphur coloured flocci. Volva sulphur coloured, friable. Gills white, or tinged sulphur colour, rounded-free, ventricose. Flesh white, yellowish, or brownish under the epidermis. Spores white, ovoid, 7-8 x 6-7 /A, 1-guttulate. Cystidia sparse, vesiculose, 20-40 x 18-25 p. Smell and taste pleasant. Poisonous. Beech woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) A. magnifica (Fl. Dan.) Fr. = Amanita rubescens (Pers.) Fr. var. magnifica (Fl. Dan.) Rea. A. arida Fr. = Lepiota arida (Fr.) Gillet. A. lenticularis (Lasch) Fr. = Lepiota lenticularis (Lasch) Cke. A. megalodactylus Berk. & Br. = Lepiota lenticularis (Lasch) Cke. var. megalodactylus (B. & Br.) Rea. B. Pileus confluent, and homogeneous with the fleshy stem. *With a membranaceous ring on the stem. Spores white. Armillaria Fr. (Armilla, a ring.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy. Ring membranaceous, or subarachnoid, adnate, persistent, or fugacious. Gills sinuato- adnexed, decurrent, or adnate. Spores white, elliptical, oval, or globose, smooth. Growing on the ground, and on wood, sometimes caespitose. (a) Gills sinuato-adnexed. 247. A. bulbigera (A. & S.) Fr. Bulbus, a bulb; gero, I bear. P. 7-5-10 cm., pale yellowish brick colour, fleshy, not compact, con- vexo-flattened, obtuse, moist; margin paler, squamuloso-fibrillose from the fragments of the veil. St. 5-7-5 x 1-5-2 cm., white, equal, floccose with the remains of the arachnoid veil up to the ring, sometimes the separable cuticle is marked longitudinally with blackish fibrils, base marginately bulbous. Ring white, arachnoid, silky, fugacious. Gills white, then cream colour, or reddish, broadly emarginate, ventricose, broad. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle, and above the base of the gills. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/A. In pine woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) Exactly like a white-spored Cortinarius. 106 ARMILLARIA 248. A. rufa (Batt.) Quel. (= Agaricus causetta Barla sec. Quel.; Armillaria focalis Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 51, t. 33, as Armillaria aurantia Fr. fide Boudier. Rufa, red. P. 8-12 cm., chestnut, or brownish tawny, convex, then plane; margin fibrillose, torn. St. 6-9 x 3 cm., white, covered with reddish tawny squamules up to the ring, apex glabrous, equal, attenuated and root- ing at the base. Ring reddish, squamulose. Gills greenish white, sinuate. Flesh white, compact. Spores white, globose, 3-4/i, punctate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Sandy coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 249. A. focalis Fr. (= Armillaria rufa (Batt.) Quel.) Focale, a neck-cloth. P. 10-12-5 cm., reddish tawny, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, slightly shining, silky-fibrillose. St. 7-5-9 x 2-5 cm., whitish, becoming tawny, equal, fibrillose. Ring concolorous, median, oblique. Gills white, then pale, emarginato-free, crowded. Flesh pale tawny. Spores white, "4-5 x 3 /A" Rick. Pine woods, and under old laurel trees. Aug. Oct. Rare. var. Goliath Fr. The giant Goliath. Differs from the type in its larger size, in the revolute torn margin of the p., in the st. becoming tawny fibrillose downwards, in the fugacious ring, and in the thinner flesh at the margin of the p. 250. A. robusta (A. & S.) Fr. (= Agaricus caligatus Viv. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 22. Robusta, strong. P. 5-15 cm., bay brown rufescent, margin paler, very fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse; margin scaly-fibrillose. St. 4-7 x 2-3 cm., white, covered with rufescent squamules up to the ring, fusiform, apex mealy. Ring white, streaked with rufescent fibrils, large, subpersistent. Gills whitish, or cream colour, broadly emarginate, almost free, 10- 12 mm. broad, crowded, often transversely veined. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle of the p. Spores white, globose, 4-5 /it. Taste and smell pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Com- mon, (v.v.) var. minor Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. part in, t. 1, fig. 4, as Armillaria subannulata Batsch. Minor, smaller. Differs from the type in the smooth p. and in very narrow gills and ring. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 251. A. caligata (Viv.) Fr. (= Armillaria robusta A. & S. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 21. Caliga, a soldier's shoe. P. 612 cm., brownish chestnut, somewhat purplish, covered with ad- pressed, denticulate, darker squamules on the disc, firm, convex, de- ARMILLARIA 107 pressed at the centre; margin white, incurved, appendiculate with the veil. St. 58 x 1-2-5 cm., white, and mealy at the apex, covered with large, denticulate, dark chestnut squamules below the ring, attenuated at the base. Ring white inside, torn, covered on the outside with similar squamules, ascending. Gills white, adnate, slightly decurrent, broad. Flesh white, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4ju,. Smell of pear. Taste bitter. Edible. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) A. aurantia (Schaeff.) Fr. = Tricholoma aurantium (SchaefE.) Fr. Syst. 252. A. colossa (Fr.) Bond. (=Tricholoma colossum Fr.) Boud. Icon. t. 20. Ko\oacr6<f, a gigantic statue. P. 10-22 cm., reddish tawny, darker at the centre, globose, then ex- panded, plano-convex, then depressed, always very obtuse, repand, becoming broken up into scales; margin whitish, incurved, slightly viscid, cottony. St. 7-5-10 x 6-10 cm., concolorous, or more deeply coloured than the p. below the ring, apex white, floccose, base bulbous. Ring white, then becoming reddish, membranaceous, soon fugacious. Gills white, then pale brick red, rounded, sinuate, very wide, 12 mm. broad, fragile, torn. Flesh white, then pale brick-red, very hard, thick. Spores white, globose, 6-7 x 5-7 /*, with a large central gutta. Taste nutty, then slightly bitter. Edible. Pine woods. June Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 253. A. ramentacea (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma ramentaceum (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 53, t. 71. Ramenta, shavings. P. 57-5 cm., whitish, or greyish, covered with adpressed, floccose, dark grey, or bistre scales, convex, then plane, obtuse, or gibbous, at length depressed, and revolute. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, covered with adpressed, fuscous, or bistre squamules below the ring, firm, unequal, often thickened at the base. Ring white above, greyish and scaly on the outside, often stained yellowish, membranaceous, fugacious. Gills white, often stained with yellow, emarginato-adnexed, separating free, 6-8 mm., broad, crowded, then subdistant, thin. Flesh white, yellowish under the epidermis. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4/A, with a large central gutta. Taste sweet. Smell unpleasant. Under pines. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) A. constricta Fr. = Lepiota constricta (Fr.) Quel. A. glioderma (Fr.) Quel. = Lepiota glioderma Fr. 254. A. delicata (Fr.) Boud. (= Lepiota delicata Fr.) Boud. Icon, t. 23. Delicata, tender. P. 13 cm., rufescent, pale rose, yellowish, or brownish, convex, then plane, depressed at the centre, often slightly umbonate, viscid; margin faintly sulcate. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, tinted with the colour of the p., and fioccoso-scaly or tomentose below the ring, equal. Ring 108 ARMILLARIA concolorous, membranaceous, densely floccoso- scaly. Gills white, be- coming tinted with the colour of the p. when old, almost free, crowded, thin, ventricose. Flesh white, or yellowish, thin. Spores white, globose, 5-6 /z. Coniferous woods, hothouses, and about old stumps. June Sept. Rare in woods. 255. A. haematites B. & Br. Cke. lUus. no. 54, t. 45. aifjLaTirr/s, bloody. P. 2-4 cm., red liver colour, hemispherical, then somewhat flattened, or depressed at the centre, thin, slightly hispid, becoming smooth. St. 4-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., concolorous below the ring, whitish above, equal ; base thickened, white floccose. Ring whitish, then concolorous, sub- membranaceous, narrow, inferior, scaly beneath, torn, often fugacious. Gills white, then whitish tinged with rose, and becoming rose colour when rubbed, sinuato-adnate, or shortly decurrent, scarcely crowded, narrow, 3mm. broad. Flesh pale liver colour, slightly yellowish in the st. Spores white, ovoid-ellipsoid, 4 x 3/Lt. Among fir leaves. Nov. Rare. 256. A. Jasonis Cke. & Massee. (=Lepiota amianthina (Scop.) Fr. sec. Boud. Cke. Illus. no. 1113, t. 955. Jason and the golden fleece. P. 2-5-7-5 cm., golden yellow, disc tawny, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, with a distinct rounded umbo, granularly papillate, granules innate; margin appendiculate with the fibrous veil. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 6- 9 mm., concolorous, equal, or slightly thickened at the base, squamu- lose below the ring. Ring concolorous, distant, squarrose, torn. Gills white, then pallid, adnate, scarcely crowded, thin. Flesh reddish. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 5/n. Smell strong. Caespitose. On stumps. Sept. Rare. (b) Gills more or less decurrent. 257. A. mellea (Vahl.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 332. Md, honey. P. 5-15 cm., ochraceous yellow, tawny, or bistre, covered with oliva- ceous, or brownish hairy squamules, fleshy, convex, then flattened, and depressed in the centre; margin paler, striate. St. 7-5-15 x -5-1 cm., yellow, tawny, or bistre, often covered with olivaceous down below the ring, becoming blackish with age, equal, or subbulbous at the base, elastic, fibrillose, apex striate. Ring white, becoming discoloured, apical, silky, membranaceous, thick, swollen at the margin. Gills whitish flesh colour, then rufescent, adnate, decurrent by a tooth, subdistant. Flesh white, becoming discoloured, floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 p,. Cystidia "on edge of gill basidia-like, 40-60 x 8-12ju," Rick. Taste acrid. Edible. Caespitose. On old stumps, and buried fragments of wood. July Dec. Very common, (v.v.) ARMILLABIA 109 var. sulphurea (Weinm.) Fr. Sulphurea, sulphur colour. Differs from the type in the yellow, or yellowish flesh coloured p., and the sulphur coloured gills. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. minor Barla. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 21, figs. 3-4. Minor, smaller. Differs from the type in its smaller size, and thinner flesh. Woods (v.v.) var. maxima Barla. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 22, figs. 1-2. Maxima, very large. Differs from the type in the very large p. 20 cm. or more, st. 15x4 cm., ventricose, attenuated at the base, and very wide ring, tawny on the outside. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. obscura Gillet. Obscura, dark. Differs from the type in the brownish p., covered with numerous black scales. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. glabra Gillet. Glabra, smooth. Differs from the type in the smooth pileus. Woods. Common, (v.v.) var. bulbosa Barla. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 22, figs. 3-7. Bulbosa, bulbous. Differs from the type in the reddish, bulbous stem, and ochraceous, or bright bistre ring. Woods. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. viridi-flava Barla. Barla, Champ. Prov. Nice, t. 11, figs. 1-3. Viridis, green ;flava, yellow Differs from the type in the greenish p., covered with yellow scales, or fibrils, in the bright yellow, or sulphur coloured st., the citron yellow ring, and the yellowish gills. Stumps in hedgerows. Uncommon. (v.v.) var. laricina (Bolt.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 21, figs. 5-6. Larix, larch. Differs from the type in the flesh coloured, glabrous, not striate p., and the white, narrow gills. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. versicolor W. G. Sm. 1 Verto, I turn; color, colour. Differs from the type in the bulbous, white, then brown st., and the yellow white, then deep red brown gills. 1 W. G. Smith probably referred this wrongly to Agaricus versicolor With. 110 ARMILLARIA var. tabescens (Scop.) Rea. (= Clitocybe tabescens (Scop.) Fr.; Agaricus gymnopodius Bull. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 51, cited in text under t. 61, as Clitocybe tabescens (Scop.) Fr. Tabesco, I waste away. Differs from the type in the complete absence of the ring. Woods, and hedgerows. Uncommon, (v.v.) 258. A. denigrata Fr. (=Pholiota erebia Fr. sec. Lange). Fr. Icon. t. 20. Denigro, I colour very black. P. 3-6 cm., dark brown, convex, then plane, obtuse, slightly viscid, looking as if covered with minute drops of water, owing to the presence of elevated warts. St. 5-6 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid fuscous, brown at the base, equal, or ventricose and attenuated, elastic, fibrillosely striate. Ring paler, superior, membranaceous, narrow, entire, fugacious. Gills pale brown, then darker, sinuato-decurrent, narrow. Flesh bistre, firm. Solitary, or caespitose. At the base of old trees, and in garden humus. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 259. A. citri (Inzenga) Fr. Citrus, orange. P. 5 cm., sulphur yellow, convex, then plane, subumbonate, fleshy; margin becoming white, crenulate. St. 57-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, base rufescent, equal, apex white floccose. Gills whitish, adnate, crowded. Spores white, "subglobose, 5 x 4jn" Massee. Smell of new meal. Caespitose. On stumps. Rare. (c) Gills equal behind, st. externally subcartilaginous. 260. A. subcava (Schum.) Fr. Sub, somewhat; cava, hollow. P. 25 cm., white, umbo umber, submembranaceous, convexo-plane, viscid, striate to the middle. St. 7-9 cm. x 6 mm., white, fistulose up- wards, equal, slightly dotted below the ring. Ring white, inferior, torn. Gills white, decurrent, plane. Flesh white, thick. Fir woods. July Nov. Rare. 261. A. mucida (Schrad.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 58, t. 16. Mucida, slimy. P. 3-8 cm., white, or grey, thin, almost diaphanous, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, more or less radiato-wrinkled, glutinous ; margin striate when thinner. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-15 mm., white, base thickened and fuliginously scaly, rigid, striate above the ring. Ring white, becoming fuscous from the dried gluten, superior, dependent, often sulcate. Gills white, then yellowish, rounded behind, decurrent by a tooth, distant, broad, lax. Flesh white, mucilaginous. Spores white, globose, 15-17/u,, multi-guttulate. Cystidia none. Taste mild. Edible. On beeches, rarely on oaks and birches. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) BOZITES. PHOLIOTA 111 Spores ferruginous, rough; general veil persistent. Rozites Karst. (E. Roze, a French mycologist.) Pileus fleshy, regular, white pruinose with the thin general veil. Stem central, fleshy. Ring membranaceous. Gills adnate. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, rough, with an apical germ-pore. Growing on the ground. 262. R. caperatus (Pers.) Karst. (= Pholiota caperata (Pers.) Fr.) Holland, Champ, t. 59, no. 132, as Pholiota caperata. Caperatus, wrinkled. P. 413 cm., more or less intensely yellow, campanulate, then ex- panded, obtuse, viscid only when moist and not truly so, incrusted with the fioccose-mealy universal veil, which is crowded on the even disc, and squamulose and fugacious towards the thin, lacunoso-wrinkled, sulcate, splitting margin. St. 8-17 x 2-5-3-5 cm., white, becoming tinged with yellow, stout, fibrillose, striate, equal, base often tuberous, and the universal veil often cohering in the form of a volva, squamulose above the ring. Ring white, becoming yellowish, membranaceous, striate, distant, often oblique and torn. Gills clay-cinnamon, adnate, crowded, thin, denticulate. Flesh whitish, becoming yellowish. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 11-12 x 8/x, rough, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate, 45-50 x 8-10//," Rick. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, generally smooth; general veil none, or fugacious. Pholiota Fr. (</>oXt5, a scale; 0^9, the ear.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring membranaceous, per- sistent, or fugacious, superior, or inferior. Gills adnate, or decurrent by a tooth. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, rarely fuscous, ellip- tical, oval, obovate, subreniform or oblong elliptical, generally smooth, continuous, or with a germ-pore. Cystidia variable. Growing on the ground, or on wood, often caespitose. I. Growing on the ground, not adnate to mosses, rarely caespitose. 263. P. aurea (Mattusch) Fr. (= Lepiota pyrenaea Quel. sec. Maire ; Pholiota spectabilis Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 101. Aurea, golden. Entirely golden-tawny. P. 425 cm., fleshy, convex, obtuse, soft, at first velvety, then torn into innate, hairy squamules. St. 6-28 x 1- 3-5 cm., somewhat equal, becoming pale, sprinkled below the ring with 112 PHOLIOTA a separating, ferruginous scurf, apex flocculose. Ring membranaceous, externally flocculose and ferruginous-furfuraceous, internally golden- tawny, about 2-5 cm. distant from the p., properly inferior, but appearing to be medial, at first erect, then spreading, sometimes small, often however wide, laciniate. Gills pallid ferruginous, adnexed, then free, attenuated at both ends, ventricose, crowded, connected by veins. Flesh white, becoming yellow. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5ju, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Subcaespitose. On the ground, and on sawdust heaps. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. Vahlii (Schum.) Fr. Fl. Dan. 1. 1498. M. Vahl in Flora Danica. Differs from the type in the smooth pileus, and somewhat free gills. var. Herefordiensis Renny. Cke. Illus. no. 374, t. 347. Herefordiensis, belonging to Hereford. Differs from the type in the granulate, tuberculate stem. 264. P. terrigena Fr. (= Pholiota Cookei Fr. sec. Massee.) Fr. Icon, t. 103, fig. 1. Terra, earth; yiyvo/jiat, to be born. P. 3-8 cm., dingy yellow, fleshy, convex, or lens-shaped, then flattened, obtuse, adpressedly silky with fibrils, fibrillosely scaly towards themargin. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-12 mm., concolorous, equal, fleshy-fibrous, covered withfloccose, squarrose squamules that become ferruginous. Ring thin, torn. Gills pallid light yellow, then olivaceous-ferruginous, adnate, decurrent with a tooth, scarcely crowded, 4 mm. broad. Flesh yellow. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 5-8 x 2-3 /x" Karst. Woods, hedge- rows, and old earthy stumps. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 265. P. erebia Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 377, t. 358. e/oe/So?, a place of nether darkness. P. 2-5 cm., lurid, or becoming ferruginous-lurid when moist, be- coming pale (ochraceous clay) when dry, slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened, almost viscid, rugulose; margin striate when dry. St. 2-5- 5 cm. x 36 mm., fuliginous, becoming pale, equal, often cohering at the base, fibrillose, striate. Ring membranaceous, white, becoming discoloured, sulcate, superior. Gills pallid, then dingy cinnamon, adnate, subdistant. Flesh pale brownish. Spores ferruginous, pip- shaped, 10-12 x 5-6/n, 1-2-guttulate. Woods, pastures, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 266. P. ombrophila Fr. 0/4/8/305, a storm of rain; </>t\o<?, loving. P. 4-8 cm., pale ferruginous when moist, clay colour when dry, con- vex, then plane, gibbous, here and there repand, almost viscid, very hygrophanous; margin striate when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, fragile, equal, obsoletely fibrillose, or slightly striate. Ring PHOLIOTA 113 membranaceous, white, distant, entire, reflexed. Gills pallid, then watery ferruginous, adfixed, then separating almost free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh becoming white, thin, soft. Spores ochraceous, ellip- tical, or pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4-6 yn,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill lanceolate-capitate, 50-60 x 12-15//," Rick. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. brunneola Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 103, fig. 2. Brunneola, brownish. Differs from the type in its smaller size, its obtuse, brown pileus, and its narrower gills. 267. P. molliscorium Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1161, t. 1171. Mollis, soft; ftopiov, skin. P. 57-5 cm., tawny yellow, disc darker, margin paler, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, at length depressed, soft like kid leather, shining; margin acute, thin. St. 7-5 cm. x 6-10 mm., pale yellow, equal, erect, silky, apex punctately squamulose. Ring yellow, distant, broad, de- ciduous. Gills ferruginous, narrowly adnate, crowded, thin, ventri- cose, 4 mm. broad. Flesh yellow, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 12 x 5-6/i. Gregarious. On the ground. June. Rare. 268. P. togularis (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 101. Togula, a little cloak. P. 2-4 cm., pallid ochraceous, disc darker, campanulate, then ex- panded, obtuse, orbicular, sometimes striate. St. 3-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, becoming fuscous at the thickened base, equal, fibrillosely striate, apex mealy. Ring white, membranaceous, medial, entire, spreading, reflexed. Gills yellow, at length pallid ferruginous, adnato-separating, attenuated at both ends, crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming yellow. Spores ferruginous, oblong, 78 x 3-4 /A, 1-guttulate, "with flattened germ-pore. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform, 25-36 x 6-8 p," Rick. Woods, and pastures. May Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. fllaris Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 104, fig. 4. Filum, a thread. Differs from the type in being two to three times smaller with a yellowish stem. Lawns, and pastures. July. Uncommon, (v.v.) 269. P. blattaria Fr. Blattarius, like a cockroach. P. 1-5-2-5 cm., ferruginous, becoming pale, hygrophanous, thin, convex, or umbonate, soon flattened; margin paler, striate. St. 2-5- 5 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, silky, straight. Ring white, membrana- ceous, distant, silky, entire. Gills watery-cinnamon, rounded behind, free, ventricose. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores ferruginous, EBB. 8 114 PHOLIOTA elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5 /A, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill fusiform-subulate, 30-36 x 7-9 /i" Rick. Lawns, arable fields, and gardens. Aug. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 270. P. dura (Bolt.) Fr. Durus, hard. P. 5-9 cm., tawny tan colour, becoming fuscous, fleshy, somewhat compact, convexo-plane, obtuse, becoming cracked into patches. St. 5-8 cm. x 10-15 mm., yellowish, hard, becoming silky-even, then longitudinally cracked when dry, apex thickened, mealy, sometimes ventricose and irregularly shaped, furnished with fibrillose rootlets at the base. Ring white, membranaceous, thin, apical, often torn, fugacious. Gills white, then livid, or fuscous ferruginous, adnate, striato-decurrent with a tooth, ventricose, 7-12 mm. broad. Flesh whitish. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 9-12 x 6-8/x,, with a germ- pore. Cystidia " vesiculose-clavate, on edge of gill almost flask- shaped, 36-50 x 12-18/z" Rick. Smell strong. Fields, and gardens. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. xanthophylla Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 159. gavffos, yellow; <f>v\\ov, a leaf. Differs from the type in the bright sulphur yellow gills. 271. P. praecox (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 381, t. 360. Praecox, early. P. 3-8 cm., whitish, then tan colour, becoming pale, fleshy, soft, con- vex, soon plane, obtuse, moist. St. 4-9 cm. x 6-10 mm., white, be- coming yellowish, equal, at first mealy with white flocci, then somewhat naked, base white floccose. Ring whitish, membranaceous, entire, reflexed, striate above. Gills whitish, then rust coloured, rounded- adnexed, 4-10 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, yellowish in the stem, soft. Spores ferruginous, oblong elliptical, 10-13 x 6-8/A, 1-guttulate. Cystidia sack-shaped, often slightly constricted towards the apex, 30-40 x 13-15/x. Taste sweet. "Edible," Quelet. Woods, pastures, and roadsides. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) var. minor (Batt.) Fr. Minor, smaller. Differs from the type in its smaller size (scarcely 2-5 cm. broad), and in the torn, appendiculate ring. Pastures. Uncommon, (v.v.) 272. P. sphaleromorpha (Bull.) Fr. o~(f>a\p6<;, deceptive; fxop(f>ij, form. P. 2-5 cm., light yellow, fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, obtuse. St. 7-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., yellowish, attenuated upwards, silky, base in- crassated, villose. Ring whitish, membranaceous, very thin, median, ample, spreading, lax, entire. Gills yellowish, then ferruginous-tan, PHOLIOTA 115 equally broad, truly decurrent, linear, 3 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, hygrophanous. Spores "almost colourless under the microscope, cylindrical-elliptical, 6-7 x 3-Afj,, smooth. Cystidia ventricose-fusi- form, 60-75 x 10-12/x." Kick. Leaf soil, heaths, and peat bogs. July Oct. Uncommon. II. Growing on wood, or epiphytal, most frequently caespitose. *P. naked not scaly, but here and there rimoso-rivulose. Gills pallid, then rufescent, or becoming fuscous. 273. P. radicosa (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 382, t. 361. Radicosus, having a root. P. 5-13 cm., clay-coloured, then spotted rufous, fleshy, convexo- plane, viscid, becoming dry. St. 7-5-24 x 1-2-5 cm., white, firm, thickened at the base and fusiform rooted, concentrically scaly below the ring, the floccose, erect scales becoming rufous, apex mealy, pruinose. Eing white, membranaceous, distant, rather erect, entire, scaly. Gills pallid, then rufescent ferruginous, rounded behind, somewhat free, very crowded, 6 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, moderately thick. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 89 x 5/u,, "rough. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous-clavate, 36-40 x 6-8/-1, thin walled " Rick. Smell plea- sant, like cherry laurel, or bitter almonds. Taste pleasant. Solitary or gregarious. Woods about stumps. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 274. P. pudica (Bull.) Fr. Pudica, modest. P. 5-10 cm., whitish, or slightly tawny, disc darker, globose, or oval, then convex, and expanded, obtuse, umbonate, dry. St. 3-6 cm. x 8- 10 mm., whitish, straight, or curved at the base, equal, or attenuated upwards, sometimes excentric, fibrous. Ring white, membranaceous, large, spreading, persistent. Gills whitish, then tawny, adnato-de- current,wide,ventricose. Spores " ferruginous 8 x 5-6 /A " Sacc. Often solitary. In woods on old trunks, at the base of trees, and on elder trunks. May Nov. Uncommon. 275. P. leochroma Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 384, t. 363. \ernv, a lion ; ^<w//,a, colour. P. 5-10 cm., bright tawny, whitish at the margin, fleshy, convexo- plane, at length depressed, soft, generally rivulose from the cracking of the cuticle. St. 7-12 cm. x 8-13 mm., paler than the pileus, white above, nearly equal, fibrous. Ring tawny, persistent, membranaceous. Gills pallid, then cinnamon, rounded, adnate, slightly ventricose. Flesh yellowish, somewhat tawny under the cuticle of the p., and at the base of the st. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/x, 1-2-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Caespitose. Elm stumps. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 82 116 PHOLIOTA 276. P. aegerita (Porta) Fr. (= PTioliota capistrata Cke., Pholiota luxurians (Batt.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. nos. 385, 386, t. 364, as Pho- liota capistrata Cke. and t. 453. afoetpo?, the black poplar. P. 3-12 cm., tawny, becoming pale white towards the margin, fleshy, convex then plane, rivuloso- wrinkled, slightly viscid when moist, silky when dry, disc often areolately cracked; margin incurved, scalloped. St. 815 x 1-53 cm., white, becoming stained with yellow, attenuated downwards, fibrillose, often striate. Eing white, membranaceous, large, superior, reflexed. Gills pallid, then fuscous, adnate, decurrent with a small tooth, crowded. Flesh white, brownish under the cuticle of the p. and at the base of the st. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-7 /i. Cystidia broadly clavate or pear-shaped, 30-36 x 12- 15/x. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Caespitose. Stumps, especially elm. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 277. P. Junonia Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 397, t. 369. Junonia, belonging to Juno. P. 4-8 cm., rich yellow, or tawny yellow, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse. St. 49 cm. x 614 mm., tawny, yellow and mealy above the ring, equal, firm, incurved, often excentric. Ring concolorous, mem- branaceous, inferior, reflexed. Gills yellow, then tawny, adnate, crowded, broad. Flesh pale yellow, compact. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /LI. Usually solitary. Trunks. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) **P. scaly, gills changing colour. P. not hygrophanous. a. Gills pallid, then becoming fuscous, olivaceous, clay coloured, not truly ferruginous. 278. P. destruens (Brond.) Fr. (= Pholiota comosa Fr. sec. Quel., Pholiota heteroclita Fr. sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 84. Destruens, destructive. P. 6-20 cm., yellowish white, disc becoming tawny, covered with white, woolly, fugacious scales, fleshy, somewhat viscid, convex, then flattened, sometimes gibbose, or broadly umbonate; margin at first involute, fibrillose. St. 5-17 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, covered with white, fugacious squamules, becoming smooth, attenuated at the apex, base bulbous and rooting. Ring white, floccose, fugacious. Gills white, then becoming umber cinnamon, rounded behind, adnexed, or plano-adnate and striato-decurrent, crowded. Flesh white, fulvous cinnamon in the base of the st. Spores fuscous ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 5/x. Cystidia "on edge of gill cylindrical, or clavate-capitate, 40-60 x 8-12ju " Rick. Smell unpleasant, taste bitter, then sweet. Poplar, birch, beech, and willow trunks. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) PHOLIOTA 117 279. P. heteroclita Fr. (= Pholiota destruens (Brond.) Fr. sec. Bres.) Cke. Illus. no. 389, t. 366. erepos, one side; K\ivw, I lean. P. 5-15 cm., whitish, or yellowish, tawny when old, generally broken up into broad, scattered, innate, adpressed, spot-like (darker) scales, fleshy, compact, hemispherical, then flattened, very obtuse, some- times viscid when old and wet; margin often appendiculate with the remains of the ring. St. 5 x 1-2-5 cm., white, commonly curved- ascending, base bulbous and bluntly rooting, hard, fibrillose. Ring floccose, fugacious, cortinate, encircling the stem with an annular zone. Gills pallid, at length dirty ferruginous, rounded behind, slightly adnexed, very broad, crowded. Flesh white, rhubarb coloured at the base of the stem. Spores ferruginous, "8-10 x 5-6 /A" Karst. Smell strong, pungent, almost that of horse-radish. Solitary. Trunks of poplar, birch, and willow. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 280. P. auriveUa (Batsch) Fr. Aurum, gold; vellus, fleece. P. 5-17 cm., yellow, or ferruginous yellow, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, compact at the disc, gibbous when expanded, moist, with darker adpressed spot-like scales; margin involute, sprinkled with floc- cose scales. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., yellowish, clothed with adpressed, floc- coso-fibrillose, fuscous ferruginous scales up to the ring, at length naked, fibrillose, equal, somewhat rooting. Ring floccoso-fibrillose, superior. Gills whitish, then straw coloured, at length ferruginous date-brown, or somewhat fuscous, sinuato-adnexed, broad, crowded. Flesh white, be- coming yellowish. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-gut- tulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-fusiform, 30-45 x 6-9 /z, contents becoming yellow" Rick. Caespitose, or solitary. On old trunks, and stumps. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. filamentosa (SchaeflE.) Fr. Filum, a thread. Differs from the type in the smaller, fulvous pileus, with subcon- centric, adnate scales, in the filamentous stem, and the fioccoso-radiate ring. Pine woods. 281. P. squarrosa (Mull.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 391, t. 367. Squarrosa, scaly. P. 3-10 cm., saffron ferruginous, or ochraceous, fleshy, campanulato- convex, then flattened, obtusely umbonate, or gibbose, squarrose with innate, crowded, revolute, darker (becoming fuscous) persistent scales. St. 6-20 x 1-2-5 cm., concolorous, attenuated downwards, often in- crassated at the base, squarrose up to the ring with crowded, revolute, darker scales. Ring of the same colour as the scales, fibrillose, laciniate, superior. Gills pallid olivaceous, then ferruginous, adnate with a de- current tooth, crowded, narrow. Flesh light yellow. Spores ferru- ginous, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 /A. Cystidia "clavate, pointed, 30- 118 PHOLIOTA 45 x 10-12ji, contents olive-yellow" Rick. Smell unpleasant, like rotting wood, sometimes none. Densely caespitose. On and near trunks and stumps, especially ash and apple, more rarely under conifers. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. Mulleri Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 392, t. 471. 0. F. Muller, the Danish mycologist. Differs from the type in the obtuse, moist, pallid p., with darker ad- pressed scales, in the equal stem, the entire ring, and in the gills becoming fuscous. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 fi, 1-2-guttulate. On beech stumps. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. verruculosa (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 398, t. 370, upper figs., as Pholiota tuberculosa (Schaeff.) Fr. sec. Boud. Verruculosa, full of warts. Differs from the type in the compact, obtuse, yellow p., with crowded, cinnamon scales and papillae, and in the villose-scaly stem. On maple trunks. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, var. reflexa (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 80. Reflexa, bent back. Differs from the type in the thinner, cuspidately umbonate, pilosely- squamulose p., the long, equal stem, and the membranaceous ring. At the base of oak, and beech trees. Uncommon. 282. P. subsquarrosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 103, fig. 3. Sub, somewhat; squarrosa, scaly. P. 5-6 cm., brown-ferruginous, with darker, adpressed, fioccose scales, fleshy, convex, obtuse, or gibbous, viscid. St. 5-8 cm. x 8-10 mm., yellow-ferruginous, clothed with darker, adpressed scales, equal, fur- nished with an annular zone at the apex. Gills pale, then dingy yellow, deeply sinuate, emarginate, almost free, arcuate, crowded. Flesh of stem becoming yellow-ferruginous. Spores ochraceous, oblong-ellip- tical, 4-5-5 x 2-2-5/z. Cystidia ochraceous, fusiform, tapering into a long exserted point, 25-30 x 6-8 p., thick walled, contents yellowish, granular. Subcaespitose. On fir stumps and at the base of trunks. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 283. P. grandis Rea. Grandis, large. P. 20-30 cm., fulvous tawny, fleshy, convex, then expanded and broadly gibbous, covered with innate, deep tawny squamules at the cir- cumference, which become revolute at the disc. St. 25-30 x 6-7 cm., tawny below the ring, paler and deeply striate for 5 cm. above, fusi- form, slightly squamulose. Ring distant, almost fugacious. Gills pallid, then fuscous, deeply sinuato-decurrent, very broad, 1-5-2 cm. wide, attenuated in front, somewhat crowded. Flesh light yellow, ferruginous PHOLIOTA 119 in the stem. Spores fuscous, oblong, 6 x 3/j,, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste very pleasant. Caespitose. At base of oak, and ash trees. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) yS. Gills yellow then truly ferruginous, or tawny. 284. P. spectabilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 102. Spectabilis, remarkable. P. 5-13 cm., tawny, or golden yellow, then becoming pale, fleshy, compact, convex, obtuse, shining as if varnished in dry weather, torn into adpressed, innate, pilose squamules of the same colour, continued into the veil at the inflexed margin. St. 6-13 x 2-3 cm., sulphur yellow, hard, more or less ventricose, extended into a fusiform root, sheathed with the veil, sometimes squamulose, sometimes smooth, shining, apex mealy. King yellowish, becoming discoloured, inferior, persistent, spreading. Gills pure yellow, becoming ferruginous, adnate, most frequently with a small decurrent tooth, very crowded. Flesh sulphur yellow, reddening when touched, thick, hard. Spores ferru- ginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5fj,, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant. Taste bitter- aromatic. Caespitose. Stumps, and at the base of trees, especially ash and apple. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 285. P. adiposa Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 395, t. 353. Adiposa, fat. P. 3-17-5 cm., yellow, covered with superficial, floccose, subconcentric, fugacious, ferruginous scales, fleshy, convex, then plane, somewhat gibbous, very viscid. St. 6-15 x 1-2-5 cm., whitish, then light yellow, clothed with squarroso-reflexed, separating, ferruginous scales, thickened downwards, viscid. Eing yellow, at length ferruginous, floccoso-radiate, cortinate. Gills pallid light yellow, then ferruginous, adnate, slightly rounded, broad. Flesh yellowish, tawny at the base of the stem. Spores fuscous ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/u. Beech, ash, and birch trunks. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 286. P. lucifera (Lasch) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 85. Lucifera, light-bringing. P. 3-5 cm., yellow, covered with minute, adpressed, fugacious, tawny scales, fleshy, convexo-plane, at length umbonate, sometimes gibbous, viscid, becoming smooth with age. St. 2-5 cm. x 4r-8 mm., yellow, covered with floccose, fugacious, ferruginous scales, pale yellow above the ring, equal, or attenuated downwards. Ring ferruginous, apical, floccose, fugacious. Gills yellow, then cinnamon, or ferruginous, sinuato-adnate, crowded, margin crenulate, pubescent, white. Flesh yellow, ferruginous in the stem. Spores yellow under the microscope, obovate, or subreniform, 7-8 x 5-6 //,. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-subulate, 30-35 x 6-8 /x" Rick. Trunks, branches, straw, and burnt earth. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 120 PHOLIOTA 287. P. flamuians Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 104, fig. 1. Flammans, flaming. P. 210 cm., yellow tawny, sprinkled with superficial, pilose, some- what concentric, paler, or sulphur yellow, squarrose, or curly scales, convex then plane, subumbonate. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-10 mm., very light yellow, as are also the crowded squarrose scales, equal, often flexuose. Ring concolorous, floccose, apical. Gills bright sulphur yellow, then ferruginous, adnate, somewhat thin, crowded. Flesh light yellow, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "clavate- bottle-shaped, rarely pointed, 30-33 x 6-8/A, contents becoming yellow" Rick. Gregarious, or solitary. Pine woods. July Oct. Common, (v.v.) 288. P. tuberculosa (Schaeff.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 104, fig. 2, as Pholiota tuberculata. Tuberculosa, having swellings. P. 3-5 cm., tawny yellow, compactly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, sometimes depressed, smooth, then broken up into innate, broad, ad- pressed scales. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., bright light yellow, incurved, base bulbous, rooting, fibrillose, somewhat scaly, often excentric. Ring concolorous, floccose, reflexed, fugacious. Gills light yellow, then tawny, or spotted ferruginous, emarginate, crowded, broad, plane, edge serru- lated, white floccose. Flesh becoming yellow, not very thick. Spores ochrey- ferruginous, elliptical, 5-8 x 3 /n. Solitary, or caespitose. Beech and birch trunks, and on sawdust. Oct. Uncommon. 289. P. curvipes Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 104, fig. 3. Curvus, bent; pes, foot. P. 3-5 cm., tawny yellow, or orange, fleshy, thin, but slightly firm and tough, convex, then plane, obtuse, wholly innato-flocculose, then torn into minute scales. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-6 mm., light yellow, equal, incurved, tough, fibrillose, or delicately squamulose, sometimes attenu- ated downwards. Ring floccose, fugacious, rarely manifest. Gills light yellowish, at length tawny, adnate, crowded, 4-6 mm. broad, edge white, at length floccoso-crenate. Flesh yellowish, darker in the stem. Spores slightly tawny, "6-7 x 3-4: /JL" Karst. Smell and taste pleasant. On sawdust, and fallen trunks, especially poplar, birch, and rose bushes. Oct. Rare. 290. P. muricata Fr. Muricata, pointed. P. 2-3 cm., yellow, covered with innate, fasciculate, granular, or needle-shaped, tawny flocci, that are either erect, or convergent like the warts of a Lycoperdon, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or umbilicate. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., pale yellow, becoming fuscous, covered up to the ring with floccose, subsquarrose, or peronate, brownish tawny squamules, equal, or curved. Ring inferior, small, or incomplete, squamulose, or floccosely radiating, fugacious, like that of Lepiota granulosa. Gills whitish, or yellow, at length pale cinnamon, adnexed, PHOLIOTA 121 separating, thin, broad, edge yellowish. Flesh whitish, or yellowish, thin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, "7-8 x 4-5 /u," Harper. Gregarious. Beech trunks. Sept. Eare. 291. P. erinacea (Fr.) Quel. (= Naucoria erinacea Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 513, t. 480, as Naucoria erinacea Fr. Erinaceus, a hedgehog. P. 5-15 mm., ferruginous-umber, scaly and prickly with very dense, crowded, fasciculate, squarrosefiocci, slightly fleshy, convex, umbilicate; margin at first involute, appendiculate with the fibrillose remains of the ring. St. 1-1-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, tough, equal, incurved, everywhere shaggy with strigose hairs. Ring yellowish, fibrillose, ferru- ginous on the under side. Gills concolorous, adnate, subdistant, ventri- cose. Flesh reddish, dry, tough. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 9-11 x 6-7 /i, 1-2-guttulate. Dead branches. Jan. Dec. Not un- common, (v.v.) 292. P. cruentata Cke. & Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 399, t. 502. Cruentata, stained with blood. P. 45 cm., yellow, then turning red, breaking up into darker, ad- pressed scales, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse; margin in- curved. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, curved, attenuated at the base and rooting, dark red brown and sparsely squamulose below. Ring fibrillose. Gills yellow, then clay colour, emarginate, rather dis- tant, 4-6 mm. broad, finally separating from the stem. Flesh pale yellow, at length changing to cinnabar colour. Taste insipid. Oak stumps, and burnt ground. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. ***Hygrophanous. Gills cinnamon (not at first light yellow). 293. P. paxillus Fr. Paxillus; like the species Paxillus involutus. Entirely cinnamon. P. 7-15 cm., subcompact, convexo-gibbous, then expanded, moist, rather repand, becoming pale, somewhat silky when dry. St. 8-16 x 1-5-2 cm., firm, slightly attenuated upwards. Ring white, membranaceous, narrow, spreading. Gills decurrent, crowded, broad. Flesh concolorous, compact. Trunks. Sept. Oct. Rare. 294. P. dissimulans B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 400, t. 371. Dissimulans, deceiving. P. 2-3 cm., lurid, becoming pale, or whitish, campanulate, very obtuse, at length flattened, scarcely viscid, hygrophanous ; margin involute. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., shining white, thickened down- wards, fistulose with transverse dissepiments, base cottony. Ring erect, mostly persistent. Gills pallid clay colour, sinuato-adnate, at length decurrent. Flesh white, thin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 7 x 4-4-5/>t. Sloe and hawthorn sticks. Oct. Nov. Rare. 122 PHOLIOTA 295. P. sublutea (El. Dan.) Fr. Sub, somewhat; lutea, yellow. P. 6-7-5 cm., yellow, fleshy, thin, expanded, umbonate, moist, covered with darker squamules', margin striate when moist. St. 10- 12 x -5-1 cm., yellow, base thickened. Ring narrow, spreading. Gills cinnamon, decurrent, crowded. Grassy ground. Oct. Rare. 296. P. phalerata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 105, fig. 1. Phalerata, decorated. P. 5 cm., yellow, covered with superficial, fugacious, pale scales, fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, moist; margin involute, appendiculate. St. 710 cm. x 6 mm., concolorous, base becoming ferruginous, equal, everywhere fibrillose, or fasciculately squamosely pilose, adpressedly flocculose above the ring. Ring white, distant, entire, reflexed. Gills yellow, then cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, 2 mm. broad, attenuated at the margin. Flesh concolorous. Spores " elliptical, 67 x 3 4/A, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform-filamentous, 30-36 x 5-6 IJL " Rick. Pine woods, on twigs, pine needles, and the ground. Rare. 297. P. confragosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 105, figs. 2, 3. Confragosa, rough. P. 34 cm., brick-red, or cinnamon rufous when moist, tawny when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, very obtuse, densely fiocculoso-furfuraceous, becoming smooth with age. St. 2-5 7-5 x 2-4 mm., pale ferruginous, fragile, equal, flexuose, or incurved, fibrillosely peronate with the veil, or naked, striate above the ring. Ring white, membranaceous, spreading, fibrillose, persistent, or fugacious, at length reflexed. Gills rufous, or cinnamon rufous, sometimes tinged with purple, adnate, scarcely decurrent, very thin, crowded, linear, 2 mm. broad, edge under a lens unequal, crenulate. Flesh concolorous, becoming pale. Spores "ferruginous, elliptic-oblong, 8 x 4jit" Massee. Subcaespitose. Beech, and fir trunks, and on old fallen elm. Oct. Uncommon. 298. P. mutabilis (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 402, t. 355. Mutabilis, changeable. P. 3-6 cm., cinnamon when moist, becoming pale when dry, hygro- phanous, slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened, commonly obtusely umbonate, sometimes depressed, sometimes squamulose when young. St. 4-8 x -5-1 cm., ferruginous blackish, or umber downwards, paler upwards, rigid, equal, or attenuated downwards, squarrosely scaly up to the ring. Ring concolorous, membranaceous, externally squamulose. Gills pallid, then cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, crowded, rather broad. Flesh white, tinged brownish under the cuticle of the p. and in tJie st. Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, or subglobose, 7-8 x 4-5/i, 1-guttu- PHOLIOTA 123 late. Cystidia on edge of gill clavate, or cylindrical, flexuose, obtuse, 23-29 x 4 5 fj,. Caespitose. Stumps and trunks, especially Tilia cordata. April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 299. P. marginata (Batsch) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 403, t. 372. Marginata, furnished with a border. P. 2-5 cm., honey coloured when moist, tan when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, margin striate. St. 3-9 cm. x 2-8 mm., concolorous, equal, fibrillose, striate, but becoming fuscous, and commonly white velvety at the base. Ring pale yellow, membranaceous, distant, often cortinate and fugacious. Gills pallid, then darker cinnamon, adnate, crowded, thin, narrow. Flesh con- colorous, becoming paler. Spores deep ochraceous, fusiform-elliptical, 8-10 x 5jn, 1-2-guttulate, "almost punctate" Rick. Cystidia "ven- tricose-fusiform, 50-60 x 10-12jU " Rick. On twigs, and on the ground, especially in coniferous woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 300. P. sororia Karst. Sororia, sisterly. P. 2-5-4 cm., tawny cinnamon, convex, then expanded, slightly striate, squamulose. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, then paler, variegated with white squamules, equal, wavy, apex scurfy. Gills pallid, then cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, crowded. Spores 6-7 X 3-4 p. On chips, and twigs. Rare. 301. P. mustelina Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 404, t. 356. Mustelina, belonging to a weasel. P. 1-1-5 cm., yellow, ochraceous, slightly fleshy, campanulate, con- vex. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, equal, base thickened and white villose, white mealy above the ring. Ring brown, membranaceous, re- flexed. Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, subdistant, edge white, crenulate. Stumps, especially pine. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 302. P. unicolor (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Unicolor, of one colour. P. 6-20 mm., bay brown, then ochraceous, hygrophanous, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, umbonate, at length striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, or bistre brown at the base, equal, apex mealy. Ring yellowish, membranaceous, thin, entire, distant, persistent. Gills pallid-ochrey, slightly adnexed, ventricose, broad, edge white. Flesh con- colorous, thin. Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /^, 1-guttu- late, "almost punctate. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous, ventri- cose at base, 50-60 x 8-10/x, apex 5/u, in diam." Rick. Trunks and branches of larch, and on the ground. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 124 PHOLIOTA. STROPHARIA III. Growing amongst mosses. Like ringed Galerae, hygrophanous. 303. P. pumila Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 105, fig. 4. Pumila, dwarf. P. 8-15 mm., ochraceous, somewhat fleshy for its size, campanulate, then hemispherical, obtuse. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, lax. Ring distinct, floccoso-woven in the form of a zone like that of the Cortinarii. Gills pallid, wholly adnate, at first ascending, then plane, 4 6 mm. broad, almost triangular, crowded, stopping short of the acute margin. Flesh concolorous, thin, watery. Spores ferruginous, pip- shaped, 9 x 4-5jit. Amongst moss in pastures, on twigs, sawdust, and old walls. Aug. Jan. Common, (v.v.) 304. P. mycenoides Fr. (= Galera mycenoides (Fr.) Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 102. Mycena, the genus Mycena; etSo?, shape. P. 1-2-5 cm.., ferruginous, disc darker, transparent when moist; be- coming tawny, or pale when dry, membranaceous, hygrophanous, striate, campanulate, soon hemispherical, somewhat obtuse. St. 4- 10 cm. x 1-3 mm., tawny ferruginous, darker than the pileus, filiform, apex furfur aceous, paler, then concolorous. Ring white, membranace- ous, entire, large, persistent. Gills yellowish, then ferruginous, adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, subdistant, at length plane. Flesh con- colorous, darker in the stem. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 6-7 /A, 1-3-guttulate. Amongst moss in pastures, bogs, and on lawns. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 305. P. rufidula Kalchbr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 37, fig. 3. Rufus, red. P. 6-10 mm., rufous brick-red, clay colour when dry, often becoming livid round the umbo, somewhat fleshy, convex, then somewhat plane, disc always depressed, white-fiocculose at the margin from the white veil, rarely appendiculate. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., watery rufescent, sprinkled with white fugacious fibrils, floccose at the white base. Ring white, floccose, somewhat persistent, subapical, narrow, spreading, reflexed. Gills reddish, adnate, then decurrent, linear, branched, of different lengths, subdistant. Flesh concolorous. Spores ochraceous ferruginous, "8-10 x 4-6/u.," Massee. Pastures, and lawns. April. Rare. Spores purple, or fuscous. Stropharia Fr. (<TT/3o^o?, a belt.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central. Ring membranaceous, adnate, persistent, or fugacious. Gills more or less adnate. Spores purple, or fuscous, rarely blackish, elliptical, elliptic-oblong or pip-shaped, smooth, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia variable. Growing on the ground, on dung, and on wood, sometimes caespitose, sub- caespitose, or fasciculate. STROPHARIA 125 A. Pellicle of the p. even, or scaly, most frequently viscid. *Not growing on dung. 306. S. depilata (Pers.) Fr. Depilata, plucked. P. 3-12 cm., yellowish-livid, then tan, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, viscid. St. 415 cm. x 513 mm., white, equal, clothed with white, revolute, squarrose scales below the ring. Ring white, large, distant. Gills white, then blackish, adnato-decurrent, 3-8 mm. broad. Flesh white, compact. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /A. Amongst straw refuse, and in pine woods. Nov. Rare. (v.v.) 307. S. Percevalii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 554, t. 550. Cecil H. Spencer Perceval. P. 3-6 cm., ochraceous, fleshy, umbonate, then flattened, slightly viscid, white floccose here and there especially at the margin, flocci at length coming off. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 6 mm., pallid upwards, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, rooting, transversely scaly. Ring narrow, more or less persistent. Gills white, then somewhat cinereous, at length pallid umber, adfixed, 8 mm. broad, very distant. Flesh at length dull umber. Spores fuscous, oblong elliptic, 16-17 x 7/u,. Saw- dust, and rotten wood. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 308. S. versicolor (With.) Fr. (= Armillaria mellea (Vahl.) Fr. var. versicolor W. G. Sm.) Versicolor, of various colours. P. 2'5 10 cm., becoming greenish brown, fleshy, convexo-plane, scaly, the scales of the disc crowded. St. 5 cm., as thick as a swan- quill, whitish fuscous, spongy-stuffed, bulbous. Ring persistent. Gills pallid, then rufous brown, decurrent. On the ground. 309. S. aeraginosa (Curt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 555, t. 551. Aeruginosa, full of copper rust. P. 3-8 cm., verdigris green from the azure blue slime, becoming pale and yellowish as the slime separates, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then flattened, subumbonate, obtuse when larger, viscoso-pelliculose, often covered with white, fugacious squamules. St. 410 cm. x 412 mm., concolorous, equal, viscid, covered with white, fugacious squamules below the ring, smooth above. Ring whitish above, concolorous on the under- side, distant, floccose, fugacious. Gills white, then fuscous, at length somewhat purple, adnate, soft, plane, 4-8 mm. broad, not crowded, edge often white. Flesh bluish, becoming whitish, not compact, thin at the margin. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 7-10 x 5)n. Cystidia "on surface of gill, clavate, often with a short point, 30- 33 x 8-10, contents becoming yellow, on edge of gill filamentous- 126 STBOPHARIA clavate, 40-75 x 8-10/u," Eick. Smell none, or somewhat strong. Poisonous. Woods, pastures, heaths, gardens, and thatched roofs. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 310. S. squamulosa Massee. Squamulosa, squamulose. P. 4-6 cm., very deep verdigris-green, margin whitish, disc becoming ochraceous with age, fleshy, subglobose, then expanded, and slightly depressed, margin drooping, often appendiculate with the veil, dry and silky from the first, soon becoming broken up into adpressed silky scales. St. 5-7 x 2 cm., paler green than the p., slightly constricted at the apex, fibrillosely striate, clothed with white patches of the broken up ring, base white. Gills brown, sinuately adnate, ventricose, rather broad, crowded, thin, dry. Flesh of p. white, tinged with green in the St., rather thin. Spores pale brown, elliptic-oblong, 8-9 x 5/x, obliquely apiculate. Amongst stones, and in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 311. S. albocyanea (Desm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 556, t. 552. Albus, white; Kvavos, dark blue. P. 13 cm., verdigris green, becoming whitish, sometimes white and shining when young, fleshy convex, then plane, viscid with a colourless gluten, smooth, naked. St. 5-8 cm. x 68 mm., whitish, or tinged green, equal, ascending, or flexuose, fragile, not viscid, smooth, pruinose about the ring. Ring white, becoming stained fuscous with the spores, narrow, distant, often incomplete. Gills whitish, becoming fuscous, sinuato-adnate, 3-4 mm. broad, thin, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, soft, watery. Spores purple, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/n, with a large central gutta. Woods, heaths, pastures, and ditches. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 312. S. inuncta Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 557, t. 534. Inuncta, anointed. P. 2-5-5 cm., pallid light yellow, becoming livid-purple with the dense gluten with which it is at first besmeared, fleshy, convexo-plane, sub- umbonate, pelliculose, smooth; margin slightly striate. St. 4-7-5 cm. X 3-4 mm., shining white, equal, very flexuose, often decumbent, very soft, dry, silky fibrillose below the ring, pruinose above. Ring white, median, distant, very thin, fugacious. Gills whitish, then fuscous when bruised, whitish at the sides, adnate, with a decurrent tooth, 6 mm. broad, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thin, soft. Spores fus- cous purple, elliptical, 8 x 5/i, 1-2-guttulate. Smell and taste often disagreeable. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. Lundensis Fr. Lundensis, appertaining to Lund, Sweden. Differs from the type in the campanulate, then expanded p., and the stuffed st. STROPHARIA 127 var. Upsaliensis Fr. Upsaliensis, appertaining to Upsala. Differs from the type in the convex then plane p. being distinctly umbonate, and in the hollow st. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. pallida B. & Br. Pallida, pallid. Differs from the type in being very pale. 313. S. coronilla (Bull.) Fr. (= Stropharia melasperma Fr. sec. Quel.) Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 14, fig. 7. Kopoavrj, a garland. P. 2-5 cm., ochraceous tawny, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, smooth ; margin white fioccose. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-10 mm., white, be- coming yellowish with age or when touched, equal, attenuated at the base. Ring white, narrow, median, striate, then violaceous, with the edge white, sinuato-adnate, crowded. Flesh white, firm. Spores purple, elliptical, 9-10 x 5^. Cystidia "on surface of gill clavate, 30-40 x 8- lOju,, on edge of gill filamentous-capitate, 36-45 x 6-10^" Rick. Taste mild. Heaths, and pastures. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 314. S. obturata Fr. (= Stropharia coronilla (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Obturata, stopped up. P. 2-3 cm., light yellow, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, obso- letely viscid, commonly dry, smooth, often rimosely squamulose. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, firm, attenuated downwards, smooth. Ring ivhite, superior, deflexed. Gills white, then purple umber, adnate, plane, crowded. Flesh shining white, thick, compact. Spores purple brown, 7-9 x 4-6ju,. Pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare. 315. S. melasperma (Bull.) Quel. non Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 61. fMe\a<;, black; (nreppa, seed. P. 3-6 cm., whitish, disc straw coloured, fleshy, convex, then plane and somewhat depressed, soft, smooth, slightly viscid, soon dry, often broken up into patches. St. 46 cm. x 6-7 mm., white, subequal, silky fibrillose, becoming smooth, apex striate. Ring white, adnate to the st., striately sulcate to the middle on the upper-side, smooth on the under-side, fugacious. Gills whitish, then violaceous cinereous, at length becoming blackish cinereous, sinuato-adnate, ventricose, crowded. Flesh of p. white, at length becoming somewhat straw colour in the st. Spores fuscous, 9-10 x 6/>t. Heaths, pastures, and woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. lutescens Boud. Cke. Illus. no. 558, t. 535, as Stropharia coronilla Bull. sec. Boud. Lutescens, becoming yellow. Differs from the type in the yellow p. 128 STROPHABIA 316. S. squamosa (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 560, t. 553. Squamosa, scaly. P. 2-7-5 cm., brownish when moist, then becoming ochraceous, disc tawny, fleshy, hemispherical, then flattened, more frequently obtuse, or gibbous with an obsolete umbo, viscoso-pelliculose when moist, not viscid when dry, sprinkled with superficial, fugacious, piloso-fasciculate, concentric scales. St. 6-12-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, becoming ferru- ginous at the base, equal, tough, pulverulent above the ring, either squarrose withfibrillose reftexed scales, or covered over with dense, strigose down below the ring. Ring pallid, membranaceous, thin, distant. Gills cinereous, then blackish, edge white, adnate, ventricose, 10-12 mm. broad. Flesh pallid, often reddish when moist, thin, watery. Spores brownish purple, broadly elliptical, often depressed on one side, 14- 15 x 7-8 /i, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia "on edge of gill, fila- mentous-clavate, 50-70 x 4-7 /A " Rick. In troops. Woods and heaths. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. aurantiaca Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 562, t. 555, as Stropharia thrausta Kalchbr. var. aurantiaca. Aurantiaca, orange. Differs from the type in the orange, or brick-red p. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. thrausta (Kalchbr.) Cke. (= Stropharia luteo-nitens (Fl. Dan.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 15, fig. 2. 6pavw, I break. Differs from the type in being more slender, and in the p. being soon denuded of its scales. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 317. S. Worthingtonii Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 563, t. 556. Worthington G-. Smith, the eminent mycologist. P. 2-3 cm., yellow, fleshy, campanulate, smooth, viscid?. St. 4 7 cm. x 1-2 mm., dark blue, flexuose, smooth. Ring incomplete, dis- tant. Gills brown cinnamon, adnate, broad. Flesh of p. pale sulphur yellow, pale bright blue in the St., thin. Spores brown, elliptical, 7 x 4/Li. Pastures and woods. Nov. Dec. Uncommon. **Growing on dung. Ring often incomplete. 318. 8. luteo-nitens (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Luteus, yellow; nitens, shining. P. 2-5-5 cm., yellow, fleshy, conico-hemispherical, umbonate, smooth, covered with pallid, superficial, fugacious squamules towards the margin, viscid when moist, shining when dry. St. 5 cm. x 4 mm., pallid, equal, somewhat firm, minutely silky fibrillose, apex pruinose. Ring white, distant, membranaceous, entire, spreading. Gills cinereous, becoming blackish, subadnate, truly ventricose, broad, plane. Flesh white, thin. Spores "at first violet, then olive yellow under the microscope, elliptical, STROPHARIA 129 15-19 x 9-1 1/i. Cystidia only on the edge of the gill filamentous- capitate, 25-27 x 3-6 fj," Rick. On dung in pastures. Sept. Un- common. 319. S. merdaria Fr. (= Psilocybe merdaria (Fr.) Rick.) Cke. Illus. no. 565, t. 537. Merdaria, of dung. P. 2-5 cm., somewhat cinnamon when moist, then yellow, and at length ochraceous, fleshy, obtusely campanulate, then convexo-plane, gibbous, smooth, pelliculose, moist, hygrophanous, slightly viscid; mar- gin thin, deflexed, even, at length somewhat striate. St. 57*5 cm. x 4-6 mm., straw white, tough, equal, subflexuose, stuffed with a pith, flocculosely villous, and slightly silky, dry, apex striate, base white villous. Ring concolorous, incomplete, torn, for the most part com- monly adhering to the margin of the p. Gills pallid, somewhat isabelline, at length brown fuscous, adnato-decurrent, plane, 6 mm. broad, very broad behind, somewhat crowded, soft, edge white. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc, sometimes fuscous in the st. when old. Spores black fuscous, broadly elliptical, 13-15 x 8-9 /A, with a large central gutta, and flattened germ-pore. Cystidia "on edge of gill cylindrical-fila- mentous, 25-30 x 3-5 jit" Rick. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. On horse dung. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. major Fr. (= Stropharia ventricosa Massee.) Fr. Icon. t. 130, fig. 3. Major, larger. Differs from the type in its much larger size and in the ventricose, rooting st. On horse dung. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 320. S. stercoraria Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 566, t. 538. Stercoraria, of dung. P. 2-3 cm., yellow, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, orbicular, pelliculoso-viscid, smooth; margin sometimes striate. St. 7-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellow, equal, stuffed with a separable, fibrous pith, clothed below the ring with the viscid flocculose veil so that it appears as if smooth. Ring viscid, distant, thin, narrow, spreading, floccose. Gills white, then umber fuscous, or olivaceous fuscous, adnate, 4-8 mm. broad, very broad behind, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores fuscous purple, oblong elliptical, 18- 20 x 8-lOju,, with a flattened germ-pore. Cystidia "lanceolate, 50- 70 x 12-18/x " Rick. Quelet says that the st. often rises from a sclerotium. Dry dung. Pastures. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 321. S. semiglobata (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 567, t. 539. Semiglobata, hemispherical. P. 1-3 cm., light yellow, fleshy, hemispherical, very obtuse, smooth, viscid. St. 6-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., becoming yellow, apex paler, equal, tense and straight, smooth, smeared with the glutinous veil. Ring viscid, 130 STROPHARIA incomplete, distant, thin. Gills clouded with black, adnate, very broad, 8-10 mm., plane. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores fuscous purple, ellip- tical, 15-17 x 9-10/A. Cystidia only on edge of gill, filamentous, apex obtuse, 5-6/i in diam., base ventricose, 50-60 x 7-1 1/i. On dung, especially horse. Woods, and pastures. April Nov. Common, (v.v.) B. P. without a pellicle, but innato-fibrillose, not viscid. 322. S. caput-Medusae Fr. (= Hypholoma caput-Medusae (Fr.) Rick.) Cke. Illus. no. 568, t. 540. Caput, head; Medusa, a monster with snakes instead of hair. P. 3-7-5 cm., disc umber, paler, somewhat tan colour towards the margin, fleshy, ovate, then convexo-expanded, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, dry, when young very densely, scaly-squarrose with the fuscous veil, soon becoming smooth especially at the disc, which becomes rimosely warty, or granulose; margin thin, splitting. St. 5-12 x 1- 1-5 cm., whitish, equally attenuated upwards, somewhat fragile, covered below the ring with fuscous, crowded, imbricate, squarrose scales, white mealy above. Ring white, superior, membranaceous, pendulous, margin very much swollen, floccose, fuscous. Gills clay white, then pale umber, fuscous spotted in appearance, adnate, ventricose, lanceolate, or semiovate, 4-6 mm. broad, not very crowded, fragile. Flesh pallid, thick at the disc. Spores fuscous purple, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 4/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia " vesiculose-flask-shaped, 45-60 x 12-20 p, rounded above" Rick. Subcaespitose, or fasciculate. On and near pine stumps. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 323. S. scobinacea Fr. (= Stropharia versicolor (With.) Quel., Hypho- loma scobinacea (Fr.) Rick.) Cke. Illus. no. 1179, t. 1189. Scobinacea, powdered. P. 3-5 cm., fuscous, disc livid, becoming yellow, circumference grey- violaceous, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, gibbous, slightly sul- cate, covered with crowded, adpressed, separating, fugacious, blackish squamules. St. 6-9 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, attenuated from the thickened base, fragile, fibrillose, apex mealy. Ring white, superior, fugacious. Gills whitish flesh colour, then purple, adnate, crowded, crenulated. Flesh whitish, pinkish when exposed to the air, thin. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 7-8 x 3/u,. Caespitose. On and near stumps, especially ash. April Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) S. cotonea Quel. = Hypholoma lacrymabundum Fr. 324. S. Battarrae Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 22, fig. 4, as Stropharia aculeata Quel. J. A. Battarra, author of Fungorum Agri Ariminensis Historia. P. 57 cm., whitish, grey, fuscous, or olivaceous, fleshy, hemispherical, then plane, obtuse, covered with darker, adpressed, fibrillose scales, STROPHARIA 131 which are erect on the disc; margin appendiculate with the partial veil. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 5-6 mm., whitish, incurved, thickened at the base, covered below the ring with imbricate, erect, fibrillose, fuscous, or olivace- ous scales, which often become rufescent, apex proinose. Ring white, membranaceous, thin, fugacious. Gills white, then rosy, and at length fuscous, sinuato-adnate, crowded, edge white. Flesh white, thin, fragile. Spores "brownish purple, elliptical, lOju," Quel. Poplars, and poplar stumps. Rare. 325. S. Jerdonii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 569, t. 541. A. Jerdon. P. 45 cm., ochraceous, brown when dry, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, with a broad umbo, minutely rivulose, adorned with superficial, fuga- cious, white scales; cuticle not peeling off. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., snow white, cylindrical, apex pulverulent, brownish with silky trans- verse scales below. Ring superior, deflexed. Gills pallid, then brown, adnate, sending a line down the st. but not truly decurrent, trans- versely striate. Flesh white, brownish towards the base of the st., thick at the disc. Spores dark brown, " 10 x 5/>t" Massee. Caespitose. Fir stumps. Sept. Nov. Rare. 326. S. spintrigera Fr. (= Hypholoma appendiculatum Bull. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 132, fig. 1. Spinther, a bracelet; gero, I wear. P. 210 cm., brownish, or pinkish tan, becoming pale, fleshy, fragile, ovate, then expanded, smooth, soft. St. 5-15 cm. x 4-10 mm., shining white, equal, or slightly ventricose, base often subbulbous, floccosely squamose, or fibrillose, apex naked. Ring white, very distant, thin, fugacious. Gills brownish fuscous, adnate, linear, 2-8 mm. wide, joined behind, subdeliquescent. Flesh white, thin, almost none at the margin. Spores fuscous cinereous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/u,. Caespitose. On trunks and stumps. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 327. S. punctulata (Kalchbr.) Fr. (= Flammula gummosa (Lasch) Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. 1. 14, fig. 2, as Pholiota punctulata Kalchbr. Punctulata, minutely dotted. P. 2-5-3 cm., pallid, tinged slightly yellowish or fuscous, fleshy, con- vex, obtuse, disc somewhat depressed, dry, minutely squamulosely punctate from the veil, at length smooth; margin involute. St. 2-5- 5cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, equal, or bulbous at the base, clothed below the ring with fibrillose, punctiform squamules, smooth above. Ring superior, or subapical, thin, formed of the fibrils of the veil brought together in a zone, fugacious. Gills pallid, then pale umber, sinuato- adnate, decurrent with a tooth, 46 mm. broad. Flesh becoming pale fuscous, tawny at the base of the st., thin. Spores fuscous. On buried chips. Sept. Oct. Rare. 132 STROPHARIA. CORTINABIUS 328. S. hypsipus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 132, fig. 2. vtyl-Trovs, high-footed. P. 5-9 cm., livid fuscous when moist, pallid tan when dry, somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, hygrophan- ous', margin somewhat striate when moist. St. 715 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, fragile, equal, smooth. Ring white, membranaceous, median, distant, persistent. Gills white, then fuscous, adnate, at length sepa- rating, subdistant. Flesh white, very thin. Spores "brown, elliptical, 12-14 x 6-7 fj," Massee. Damp places amongst grass, sometimes on twigs. Oct. Rare. 329. S. cothurnata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 132, fig. 3. KoBopvos, a high hunting boot. P. 12-5 cm., white, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, silky smooth under a lens. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, equal, sof t, fioccosely villose below the ring, smooth above. Ring white, median, narrow. Gills white, becoming fuscous, adnexed, ventricose, crowded. Flesh watery white, thin at the disc. Shady fir woods. Rare. S. lacrimabunda (Bull.) Quel. = Hypholoma velutinum (Pers.) Fr. S. pyrotricha (Holmsk.) Quel. = Hypholoma pyrotrichum (Holmsk.) Fr. **With an arachnoid or filamentous general veil. 1. Veil forming an arachnoid, fugacious ring on the stem. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. Cortinarius FT. (Cortina, a veil.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Veil arachnoid, distinct from the pellicle of the pileus, viscid, or dry. Stem central. Gills adnate, sinuate, sinu- ato-adnate, or decurrent, pulverulent with the spores at maturity. Spores ochraceous, citron yellow, golden, clay colour, cinnamon, ferruginous, tawny, or fuscous; oval, elliptical, pip-shaped, oblong elliptical, almond-shaped, or fusiform; smooth, verrucose, granular, aculeolate, or echinulate, continuous. Cystidia none on the surface of the gills (except 333), rarely on the edge. Growing on the ground, solitary, caespitose, or subcaespitose. 1. Phlegmacinm Fr. (<j>\eyna, phlegm.) Veil viscid on the pileus, arachnoid, dry on the stem. CORTINARIUS 133 I. Partial veil superior, pendulous from the apex of the clavate, or subequal stem as an imperfect ring. *Gills pallid, then clay colour. 330. C. (Phleg.) triumphans Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 682, t. 692. Triumphans, triumphal. P. 6-12 cm., yellow with a tinge of brown or ochraceous when moist, yellow when dry, disc sometimes variegated with minute, adpressed, spot-like scales, margin brighter coloured, fleshy, convexo-plane, ob- tuse. St. 6-17 x 1-2-5 cm., yellowish white, adorned with tawny scales arranged in many circles, or rings, firm, attenuated upwards from the ovato-bulbous base, striate; partial veil superior, woven, somewhat ringed. Gills whitish, or inclining to very pale bluish grey, then clay colour, and somewhat cinnamon, emarginate, crowded, 6 mm. broad; edge toothed, white. Flesh whitish. Spores brown, punctate, elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Woods, heaths, and commons, generally under birches. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 331. C. (Phleg.) claricolor Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 141, fig. 2. Clarus, bright; color, colour. P. 7-12 cm., yellow, fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed, veiled with superficial, silky-pruinose, villose down, at first everywhere, soon only round the margin, then smooth, and for the most part broken up into scales. St. 7-9 x 1-5-2 cm., white, or yellow, hard, clothed up to the superior cortina with fugacious, white, scaly flocci, or lax down, either short and bulbous, or elongated and conico-attenuated, or cylindrical. Gills whitish, then clay colour, emarginate, almost free, or adnate, crowded, edge toothed. Flesh white, compact. Spores brown, punctate, pip-shaped, 10-11 x 6-7 p. Taste pleasant. Woods, and heaths, under birches and conifers. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 332. C. (Phleg.) turmalis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 684, t. 694. Turmalis, belonging to a troop. P. 5-9 cm., yellow-tan, disc often darker, compact, convex, then plane, very obtuse, when young veiled with pruinate, very fugacious, villose down, soon smooth, sometimes obsoletely piloso-virgate. St. 7-15 x 2-5 cm., shining white when dry, very hard, rigid, cylindrical, attenuated at the base, when young sheathed with a fugacious, white, woolly veil. Cortina entirely fibrillose, superior and persistent in the form of a ring, at length ferruginous with the spores. Gills white, then clay colour, adnexed, rounded, or emarginate, even decurrent with a tooth, crowded, serrated. Flesh white, soft. Spores ferruginous, palish fuscous under the microscope, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/z. Densely caespitose. Mixed woods, and especially amongst beech leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 134 COBTINARIUS 333. C. (Phleg.) crassus Fr. (= Hebeloma crassum (Fr.) Eick.) Fr. Icon, t. 142, fig. 1. Crassus, thick. P. 6-12 cm., dirty yellow, opaque, very fleshy, convexo-plane, very obtuse, disc depressed, somewhat viscid, the circumference broken up into innate fibrils. St. 5 x 2-5 cm., whitish, either truly bulbous, or stout and equal, fibrillose, apex white-mealy, base often white-tomen- tose. Cortina very delicate, fugacious. Gills pallid-clay colour, then clay colour, rounded behind, crowded, 6 mm. broad. Flesh becoming pallid, pouring out a watery juice when the stem is compressed. Spores "brownish, pale yellow under the microscope, punctate, sub- fusiform, 6-7 x 4ju. Cystidia very abundant, both on the surface and edge of the gill, cylindrical-fusiform, 40-75 x 6-9 /x," Eick. Smell strong. Moist woods, and grassy places. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 334. C. (Phleg.) balteatus Fr. (= Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) nemo- rensis Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 142, fig. 2. Balteatus, girdled. P. 7-10 cm., disc tawny-fuliginous, or date colour, beautiful violet, or lilac near the floccose margin (but this colour often disappears with age, or when the plant is dry), compact, flattened, very obtuse, disc depressed, often unequal, shining when dry, innately floccose, fibrillose, and shining towards the margin. St. 4-6 x 2-5-3 cm., whitish, stout, very compact, equal, or ovately bulbous, minutely velvety, and dingy above the fibrillose, adpressed, rusty veil, longitudinally striate, or reticulate below, but sometimes white tomentose. Gills pallid, then somewhat tan colour, emarginate, or rounded behind, or subde- current, rather crowded. Flesh white, compact. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4-5/i, multi-guttulate. Mixed woods, and amongst pine needles in pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 335. C. (Phleg.) sebaceus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 103. Sebum, tallow. P. 512 cm., whitish ochraceous, or deep ochraceous, convex, then campanulate, umbonate disc flattened, at first covered over with a whitish pruinose lustre ; margin appendiculate with the remains of the cortina. St. 7-18 x 1-2-5 cm., concolorous, or paler, stout, compact, often twisted and compressed, fusiform towards the fibrillose base. Cortina white, delicate, fugacious. Gills white, then cinnamon, paler near the margin, emarginate, adnate, connected by veins, 8 mm. wide, not crowded. Flesh white. Spores golden yellow, attenuated at the one end, oblong, 12-15 x 5-6/i,, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Mixed woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) CORTINARIUS 135 336. C. (Phleg.) lustratus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 688, t. 799. Lustratus, purified. Entirely whitish. P. 2-5-5 cm., equally fleshy, convex, then ex- panded, very obtuse. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 8-10 mm., equal, rarely attenu- ated at the base, covered with a few fibrils of the white cortina. Gills becoming slightly discoloured, rounded behind, almost free, very crowded, narrow. Flesh white, thick. Spores ochraceous. Amongst grass in sunny places. Oct. Rare. **Gills violaceous, or purplish, then cinnamon. 337. C. (Phleg.) crocolitus Quel. Grevillea, t. 127, fig. 1. Kpotcos, saffron; litus, daubed. P. 10 cm., bright yellow, disc sprinkled with tender, saffron fiocci, convex. St. 6-10 x 1 cm., white, then citron yellow, fragile, swollen at the base, fibrillose, apex silky, adorned with scales, or woolly zones below the membranaceous, very fragile ring. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills whitish lilac, then nankeen yellow, uncinate, uneven, edge white. Flesh white, then citron yellow, soft. Spores "citron yellow, granular, pruniform, 11-12 x 5-6 p" Bat. Taste becoming bitter. Woods, especially birch. Sept. Oct. Rare. 338. C. (Phleg.) varius (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 689, t. 698. Varius, changeable. P. 5-9 cm., bright ferruginous-tawny, or yellow tawny, compact, hemispherico-flattened, very obtuse; margin thin, at first incurved, appendiculate with the cortina. St. 48 x 2-3 cm., shining white, compact, adpressedly flocculose, the superior veil pendulous, base bulbous. Cortina white, silky. Gills violaceous-purplish, then ochraceous- cinnamon with the edge violaceous, emarginate, thin, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, firm. Spores ferruginous, warted, broadly elliptical, 8-10 x 6-8ju,, often apiculate at one end. Woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 339. C. (Phleg.) cyanopus (Seer.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 690, t. 699. KVCLVOS, dark blue; TTOU?, a foot. P. 5-8 cm., date-brown-livid, then tan, and opaque, fleshy when un- folded, flattened, obtuse, regular, dry in fine weather. St. 5-10 x 1- 2 cm., violaceous, becoming whitish, the apex remaining violaceous, firm, ventricose, base bulbous. Gills intensely violaceous, or pallid bluish- grey, soon becoming cinnamon, adnate, then emarginate, broad, 6- 10 mm. wide, not much crowded. Flesh violaceous at the apex of the stem, whitish elsewhere. Spores ferruginous, punctate, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 5-6 jLt. Woods and under oaks. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 136 CORTINARITTS 340. C. (Phleg.) variecolor (Pers.) Fr. Varie, diversely; color, colour. P. 8-15 cm., date-brown, then fulvous-reddish, disc darker, the tomen- tose margin violet, rarely entirely violet, convex, then expanded, obtuse. St. 5-8 x 2-5-3 cm., white with the apex becoming blue, or blue becoming whitish, hard, stout, base bulbous, diffused upwards into the p., at first villose, then fiocculose. Gills blue, then clay-cinnamon, emarginate, decurrent, somewhat arcuate, thin, 12 mm. wide, margin crenulate. Flesh violaceous, becoming whitish. Spores ferruginous, "almond- shaped, 15-18 x 8-9 /A, warted-rough" Rick. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. nemorensis Fr. (= Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) balteatus Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 692, t. 863. Nemorensis, belonging to a wood. P. 10-12-5 cm., bay-brown, then yellowish, margin violet, smooth, slightly viscid at first, soon dry, opaque, pilosely rivulose. St. 7-5 x 2-5 cm., bluish, becoming white, obclavate, not bulbous, nor villose, apex mealy. Gills rounded, subdecurrent. Flesh white, bluish at the peri- phery. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. (v.v.) 341. C. (Phleg.) largus Fr. Largus, large. P. 5-15 cm., sometimes violet when young, date-brown-tawny, fleshy, compact at the disc, thin at the circumference, convexo-flattened, very obtuse, only slightly viscid, adpressedly silky-fibrillose when dry, commonly rivuloso-squamulose, sometimes fibrillose towards the margin. St. 6-13 x 2-3 cm., white, tinted violaceous, equal, often curved and ascending, wholly fibrillose, apex pruinose. Cortina white, silky, thick, superior, pendulous. Gills bluish-grey-clay-colour, then cinnamon, adnate, or emarginate, crowded, 10-14 mm. broad, minutely denticulate. Flesh whitish-bluish-grey, becoming white when exposed to the air, that of the stem sometimes becoming bloody when bruised, wholly fibrous, firm. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 10- 11 x 5-6/x, "rough" Rick. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Caes- pitose. Deciduous and pine woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 342. C. (Phleg.) Riederi (Weinm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 694, t. 702. M. Rieder, of Petrograd. P. 5-7-5 cm., ochraceous, compact, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, glutinous, shining when dry. St. 5-12-5 cm. x 5-12 mm., white, apex violaceous, or lilac, tawny fibrillose, clavate. Gills lilac, then cinnamon, adnate, rather thick, crowded. Flesh greyish- white, be- coming yellow under the cuticle. Spores ferruginous, "warted, almond- shaped, 15-17 x 8-10/Lt " Rick. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. CORTINARIUS 137 ***Gills yellow, cinnamon, or ferruginous. 343. C. (Phleg.) percomis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 143, fig. 2. Percomis, very friendly. P. 5-7 cm., pale yellow, truly fleshy, compact, convex, obtuse. St. 6-8 x 1-2 cm., sulphur yellow, compact, firm, fusiform, or davate, fibrillose, apex pruinose. Cortina citron yellow. Gills sulphur yellow, becoming fulvous, broadly emarginate, crowded, 4-6 mm. wide. Flesh sulphur yellow, compact. Spores ferruginous in the mass, broadly elliptical, 12-14 x 8-9 /x, " warted-punctate " Rick. Smell pleasant, "like lavender" Quel, "like toilet vinegar" Peltereau. Taste pleasant. Edible. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 344. C. (Phleg.) latus (Pers.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 162. Latus, broad. P. 6-10 cm., tan colour, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, slightly viscid, soon dry, fibrillose, then glabrous. St. 5- 7 x 1-5-2 cm., white, equal, base ovately bulbous, rarely emargi- nately bulbous, somewhat squamose, then fibrillose. Cortina white, superior, forming a ring, fugacious. Gills pallid, then clay cinnamon, emarginate, 6 mm. broad, crowded, distantly dentate. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous, punctate, minutely rough, oblong elliptical, 10- 13 x 6-7 /i. Taste pleasant. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. Coniferous woods. Oct. Rare. 345. C. (Phleg.) saginus Fr. Saginus, fattened. P. 10-12-5 cm., yellow, fleshy, plano-convex, irregular, repand. St. 7-5 x 2-5-3 cm., light yellowish, somewhat bulbous, fibrillose, apex naked. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious, not very conspicuous. Gills dingy-pallid, then cinnamon, truly decurrent, 8-10 mm. broad, attenu- ated at both ends, edge eroded. Flesh white, soft. Spores "pale yellow under the microscope, almond-shaped, 10-11 x 6-6-5 /n, warted-punctate" Rick. Gregarious, subcaespitose. Mountainous fir woods. Oct. Rare. 346. C. (Phleg.) russus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 696, t. 751. Russus, red. P. 6-10 cm., unicolorous, rufous, fleshy, convex, then flattened, ob- tuse, innately fibrillose round the margin. St. 7-5 x 1-5-2 cm., pale white, attenuated upwards, often curved-ascending, soft, adpressedly fibrillose, apex delicately pruinose. Cortina concolorous, very tender, fugacious. Gills rufous-ferruginous, obtusely adnate, 8-10 mm. broad, crowded, connected by veins. Flesh whitish- flesh-colour, violaceous under the cuticle. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-12 x 5-7 /z, " warted- punctate " Rick. Taste bitter, nauseous. Woods. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 138 COBTINABITJS ****Gills olivaceous. 347. C. (Phleg.) infractus (Pers.) Fr. (= Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) anfractus Fr. sec, Quelet et Bresadola.) Bres. Fung. Trid. 1. 163. Infractus, broken. P. 5-10 cm., olivaceous-fuliginous, becoming fulvous, fleshy, convex, then plane, streaked, often fuscous zoned near the undulate, broken margin. St. 3-7 x 1-3 cm., concolorous, ovato-clavate, or elongate and bulbous, adpressedly fibrillose, apex often violaceous. Gills oliva- ceous-fuliginous, then umber, crowded, or somewhat distant, broad, undulate, crisped. Flesh yellowish white, somewhat violaceous at the apex of the stem. Spores ferruginous in the mass, somewhat ochraceous under the microscope, subglobose, or broadly elliptical, 6-9 x 4-6 /z,, verrucose. Smell somewhat nauseous. Taste bitter. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 348. C. (Phleg.) praestans (Cordier) Sacc. (= Cortinarius (Phlegma- cium) anfractus Fr. sec. Berk., Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) Berkeleyi Cke., Cortinarius torvus Fr. sec. Kalchbr. and Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 116, as Cortinarius torvus Fr. var. Berkeleyi Cke. Praestans, pre-eminent. P. 7 - 5-20 cm.., fuliginous, or brown, disc darker, often with a tinge of violet at the margin, at first inclosed in a whitish volva which breaks up in patches on the disc, convex, then expanded, shining when dry, very fleshy, sometimes radiately silky, becoming paler and rivulose with age. St. 10-20 x 3-6 cm., white, covered with the general veil, which is at first violaceous, then pale, often remaining appendiculate at the margin of the pileus, finally becoming ochraceous when old, base bulbous. Gills dingy olive, then cinnamon, adnate, slightly emarginate, broad, scarcely distant. Flesh pale ochraceous, darker under the pellicle of the pileus. Spores yellow-brown, fusiform, minutely verrucose, 15-16 x 8-9 /M. Forming large circles in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) II. Bulb depressed, or turbinate, marginate. St. fleshy, fibrous; cortina commonly inferior, arising from the margin of the bulb. P. equally fleshy. Gills somewhat sinuate. *Gills whitish, then clay-coloured, or pale cinnamon. 349. C. (Phleg.) multiformis Fr. (= Cortinarius rapaceus Fr. sec. Quel., Cortinarius talus Fr. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 104. Multiformis, many shaped. P. 47 cm., unicolorous, light yellow, clay yellow, tawny, etc., fleshy, convex, then flattened, very obtuse, at length depressed, very viscid, or somewhat dry, and sprinkled with the universal white veil. St. 5-12 x 1-1-5 cm., white, then yellowish, equal, or attenuated upwards, COBTINARIUS 139 often adpressedly fibrillose, with a somewhat marginate bulb. Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills whitish, often tinged with violet, then clay colour, emarginate, free, or with a small decurrent tooth, very thin, crowded, edge serrulate. Flesh white, becoming yellowish at the base of the stem. Spores ochraceous-tawny, verrucose, elliptical, 10 x 6/1,. Taste mild. Woods, especially beech. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. flavescens (Cke.). Cke. Illus. no. 702, t. 709. Flavescens, becoming yellow. Differs from the type in the yellow gills, and yellowish flesh. 350. C. (Phleg.) napus (Fr.). Cke. Illus. no. 703, t. 710. Napus, turnip. P. 58 cm.., fuliginous, then date-brown-tawny, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, glutinous, margin abruptly bent inwards. St. 5 x 1-2 cm., white, at length becoming yellow at the base, equal, ascending, firm, inserted in an obconic, acutely and obliquely marginate bulb. Gills whitish-fuliginous, emarginate, somewhat distant, broad, crisped. Flesh white, with a horny line at the base of the gills. Spores brownish, ellip- tical, 10 x 5/Lt. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 351. C. (Phleg.) allutus (Seer.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 704, t. 752. Allutus, washed. P. 2-3 cm., rufescent, fleshy, conical, then convex, finally expanded, and sometimes depressed, margin darker. St. 2-3 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, striate with reddish lines below, equal, apex mealy, viscid, base marginately bulbous. Gills whitish, then rufescent, adnate, rather crowded, edge crenulate. Flesh rufescent, thin. Pine woods. Oct. Rare. 352. C. (Phleg.) talus Fr. (= Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) multiformis Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 145, fig. 2. Talus, the ankle bone. P. 4-8 cm. , of a yellowish dirty colour, becoming pale, margin somewhat olivaceous, yellowish, fleshy, thin, convexo-plane. St. 7'5 cm. x 12mm., pale, equal, cylindrical, base marginato-bulbous. Gills beautiful straw colour, or ochrey-pallid, emarginate, somewhat crowded. Flesh dingy pallid whitish, watery, with hyaline spots, and variegated with a horny line next the gills. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5 /A, 1-2- guttulate. Woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) **Gills violaceous, dark blue or purplish, at length cinnamon. 353. C. (Phleg.) glaucopus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 706, t. 712. 7\au/co9, pale blue; TTOVS, a foot. P. 6-12 cm., dingy yellow, tan-tawny, or clay colour, very fleshy, compact, convex, then flattened, somewhat repand, often fioccoso-scaly 140 CORTINABIUS and marked with a raised fuscous zone round the split margin. St. 6-8 x 12 cm., pale azure-blue, becoming yellowish, firm, fibrillose, striate, base marginately bulbous. Gills azure-blue, then cinnamon, rounded behind, emarginate, crowded, sometimes crisped. Flesh white, or bluish, becoming yellowish. Spores ferruginous, minutely verrucose, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/x, with a hyaline apiculus at the one end. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 354. C. (Phleg.) calochrous (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 707, t. 713. Ka\6<:, beautiful; %p&>9, colour. P. 4-8 cm., tawny, yellow round the margin, compact, convex, then plane, obtuse, guttate, often stained with soil; margin involute, flexuose when expanded. St. 4-6 x 1-5-3 cm., yellowish, firm, equal, fibrillose, marginately bulbous, bulb very depressed. Cortina yellow ("amethyst" Quelet), marginal, fugacious. Gills dark blue-purple, then ferruginous, emarginate, crowded, serrated. Flesh white, firm. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10-11 x 6-7 /x, minutely punctate. Smell sometimes foetid. Taste mild, sometimes acrid. Pastures, and woods, especially beech. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 355. C. (Phleg.) caerulescens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 709, t. 722. Caerulescens, becoming azure. P. 5-7 cm., blue-violaceous, becoming tinged with ochre especially on the disc, sometimes entirely yellow ochraceous, convex, then convexo- plane, sometimes finally a little depressed at the disc, fleshy, pellicle separable; margin incurved, pubescent, white, then expanded and vio- laceous. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., blue-violaceous, or violet-amethyst, cylin- drical, conical, fibrillosely silky, then becoming smooth, marginately bulbous, bulb white. Cortina violaceous. General veil fibrillose, viola- ceous, fugacious, little distinct from the cortina. Gills violet-amethyst, or blue-violaceous, becoming rust colour, edge remaining violet for a long time, broadly adnate, deeply emarginate, attenuated in front, rounded behind, wide, somewhat crowded. Flesh pale blue-violaceous, especially in the stem and under the pellicle of the p., becoming whitish, finally tinged with ochre where wounded. Spores ferruginous in the mass, yellow ochraceous under the microscope, elliptical, or somewhat almond-shaped, 12-14 x 7-5/u, or 6-6-5 x 5/z, compressed on the side, verrucose. Taste sweet, or slightly bitter. Woods, especially beech, and fir. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 356. C. (Phleg.) caesiocyaneus Britz. Cke. Illus. no. 708, t. 721, as Cortinarius (Phlegmacium) caerulescens Fr. Caesius, bluish grey; icvavos, dark blue. P. 5-10 cm., pale blue-violaceous, more or less washed with yellow ochre at the centre, fleshy, convex, then convexo-plane, more or less CORTINABIUS 141 radially streaked with innate fibrils, sometimes marked with loose, white patches, the remains of the volva. St. 5-8 cm. x 12-15 mm., bluish, then becoming pale, and finally whitish, attenuated upwards from the distinctly marginate, bulbous base, fibrillose; bulb white from the first, the margin often forming a ledge, or sheath. Cortina bluish, fugacious. Gills whitish, then bluish white, and finally clay colour and rust colour, narrowly adnate, slightly sinuate, or emarginate, thin, crowded, somewhat narrow. Flesh yellowish, whitish in the bulb, bluish in the stem. Spores ferruginous in the mass, yellowish brown under the microscope, almond-shaped, 10-12-5 x 5-6 /A (" 8-10 x 4-5 /A " Britz.), verrucose. Smell faint, like that of Cortinarius purpurascens. Taste pleasant. Fir woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 357. C. (Phleg.) purpurascens Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 710, t. 723. Purpurascens, becoming purple. P. 6-15 cm., bay brown, or date brown olivaceous, then tawny olivace- ous, fleshy, convex, obtuse, glutinous, opaque when dry, tiger-spotted, often depressed round the margin which is at first inflexed, then repand, and marked with a raised, violet fuscous zone. St. 5-9 x 1-5 3 cm., intensely pallid azure-blue, darker when touched, fibrillose, base bulbous, somewhat marginate. Gills azure-blue-clay, then cinnamon, violaceous purple when bruised, broadly emarginate, 6-12 mm. wide, crowded. Flesh azure-blue. Spores ferruginous, rough, elliptical, 9-11 x 5/Ji. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. subpurpurascens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 712, t. 725. Subpurpurascens, becoming somewhat purple. Differs from the type in the thinner, somewhat virgate p., becoming pale, in the somewhat equal, bluish white, somewhat marginately bulbous stem only fibrillose at the base, in the pallid, then cinnamon gills be- coming somewhat purplish when rubbed, and in the flesh in young specimens becoming purplish when broken, and finally white. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) *** Gills ferruginous, tawny, or yellow. 358. C. (Phleg.) dibaphus Fr. Saund. & Sin. t. 10. St-/3a(o9, twice dyed. P. 5-10 cm., purplish, disc yellowish, and at length variegated with lilac, fleshy, convex, then plane, at length depressed, somewhat re- pand. St. 6-9 x 1-3 cm., yellow, shining purplish at the apex, fibril- lose, base marginato-bulbous. Gills purplish-ferruginous, adnate, slightly rounded, somewhat crowded, broad ("margin lilac" Quel.). Flesh white, then yellow, variegated under the pellicle with a violet line. Spores purplish brown, pip-shaped, 12-14 x 7-8/u, verrucose. Smell and taste mild. Beech, and oak woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, 142 CORTTNARITJS var. xanthophyllus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 713, t. 753. fai>#o5, yellow; <f>v\\ov, a leaf. Differs from the type in the yellow gills. Woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. (*.*) 359. C. (Phleg.) turbinatus (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 105. Turbo, a spinning- top. P. 5-13 cm., unicolorous, dingy yellow, or green, becoming pale, hygrophanous, opaque when dry, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, at length depressed, orbicular, covered with adpressed fibrils which are deeper coloured and somewhat squamulose at the disc. St. 57 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, or paler than the p., sometimes tinged with violet at the apex, equal, cylindrical, springing from a globoso- depressed, distinctly marginate, turbinate bulb. Gills pallid light yellow- ish, sometimes tinted with dark purple, then ferruginous, uncinately adnate, thin, crowded, broad. Flesh white, soft. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 15 x 7-8 p ("8-10 x 5-6/i" Boud.), verrucose. Taste some- what bitter. Beech woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) var. lutescens Eea. Lutescens, becoming yellow. Differs from the type in the bright yellow colour of the flesh. Woods, and pastures. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 360. C. (Phleg.) corrosus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 715, t. 715. Corrosus, gnawed to pieces. P. 5-8 cm., clay colour, becoming ferruginous, then pallid, fleshy, compact, expanded, umbilicate, opaque when dry, rivulose, fiocculose, only fugaciously viscid. St. 2-5-5 x 1-2-5 cm., white, cortinately- fibrillose, equal, base marginately bulbous. Gills somewhat ferruginous from the first, emarginate, or rounded behind, very crowded, narrow, 4 mm. wide, edge unequal. Flesh white, rarely zoned with violet. Pine woods. Sept. Rare. 361. C. (Phleg.) fulgens (A. & S.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 106. Fulgens, shining. P. 5-10 cm., orange-tawny, very fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, occasionally punctate as if with drops, at length silky-fibrillose, or squamulose. St. 5-10 x 1-5-2 cm., yellow, paler at the apex, equal, densely fibrillose with the yellow cortina which is viscid in wet weather; base acutely marginately bulbous, then depressed and oblique. Gills bright yellow, then tawny, or ferruginous with the spores, emarginate, 6-10 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh white-yellow, compact, then spongy and tan colour. Spores ferruginous, verrucose, pip-shaped, 11-12 x 6 p. Smell pleasant, "like fennel" Quel. Woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) CORTINARIUS 143 362. C. (Phleg.) fulmineus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 717, t. 717. Fulmineus, pertaining to lightning. P. 4-8 cm., tawny, almost brown, margin orange, variegated with dense, irregular, agglutinated scales, very fleshy, at first hemispherical, and attached to the bulb, then convex, very viscid; margin involute. St. 25 x 11-5 cm., yellow, white cortinate at the apex, when young inclosed in the bulb, bulb very depressed, marginate, rooting, wider than the young p. Gills golden yellow, at length tawny, rounded, thin, very crowded. Flesh white, often yellow at the circumference or wholly yellowish. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 13-14 x 7-8/A, verrucose. Deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 363. C. (Phleg.) orichalceus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 718, t. 754. o/36t'-%a\/co?, copper ore. P. 4-13 cm., reddish copper colour, disc darker, often spotted with scales, bluish green towards the margin, convex, then flattened, fleshy; margin incurved, pubescent, or white, then expanded and concolor- ous. St. 5-12 x 1-5-2 cm., pale greenish yellow, more or less covered with the fibrils of the cortina, fibrillosely silky, somewhat cylindrical, base marginately bulbous. Cortina whitish, or very light greenish yellow, then rust colour from the spores. General veil whitish, often becoming reddish copper colour, fibrillose, scarcely distinct from the cortina. Gills yellow tinted greenish, then olive, and finally olive rust colour, slightly adnate, sinuate, or emarginate, attenuated in front, slightly rounded behind, narrow, 4-6 mm. wide, thin. Flesh greenish yellow, then citron yellow under the pellicle of the pileus and in the base of the stem, finally becoming reddish brown in the bulb, with a strong bluish grey horny line at the base of the gills. Spores ferruginous, ellip- tical, or almond-shaped, 10-11 x 6-7 /x, verrucose. Smell strong, "of fennel" Quel. Coniferous woods, and under beeches. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 364. C. (Phleg.) elegantior Fr. Ekgantior, neater. P. 7-10 cm., tawny, often spotted with drops, fleshy, convex, then plane, margin split. St. 5-7 x 2-3 cm., becoming yellowish, stout, fibrillose, base marginately bulbous. Cortina pale. Gills egg-yellow, becoming olivaceous, sinuate, thin, crowded, serrulate. Flesh becoming yellow. "Spores sphaeroideo-ellipsoid, dark or yellowish (under the microscope), 11-14 x 7-8 ju, " Sacc. Woods. Oct. Eare. 365. C. (Phleg.) testaceus Cke. (= Cortinarius rufo-olivaceus Fr. sec. Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 1188, 1. 1190. Testaceus, brick coloured. P. 7-10 cm., brick-red, rather vinous, becoming paler, fleshy, convex, then flattened, umbonate, or depressed. St. 7-9 x 1-5 cm., whitish 144 CORTINABIUS above, becoming rufous at the base, attenuated upwards, longitudinally, fibrously striate below; base submarginate, bulbous. Gills dusky cinnamon, adnate, a little emarginate behind, 6-10 mm. wide. Flesh rather flesh-colour, becoming ruddy at apex and base of stem. Spores elliptical, 9-11 x 5-6 /LI, rarely 16 x 8/x, narrowed at each end, verrucose. Woods, amongst leaves. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) ****Gills olivaceous. 366. C. (Phleg.) prasinus (Schaeff.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 107. Trpdo-ov, a leek. P. 5-8 cm., olivaceous, aeruginous, or tawny ferruginous, tiger-spotted as if scaly, convex, then plane and depressed at the centre, adpressedly fibrillose; margin involute. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, fibrillosely silky; base marginately bul- bous. Cortina whitish, or pallid-green. Gills yellow-olivaceous, or somewhat olivaceous, darker and cinereous olivaceous at the base, emarginate, undulate. Flesh dingy white, greenish white in the stem, olivaceous under the pellicle of the p. and at the base of the stem. Spores ferruginous in the mass, ochraceous under the microscope, elliptical, 12-15 x 6-8 /A, verrucose. Smell none, or "of sulphur" Quel. Taste mild. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 367. C. (Phleg.) atrovirens (Kalchbr.) Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 19, fig. 3. Ater, black; virens, green. P. 510 cm., dark green, or olivaceous green, compact, convex, ob- tuse. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., yellow, firm, equal, fibrillose, except the sub- turbinate, marginate bulb. Gills sulphur colour, then greenish, at length cinnamon, adnate, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh greenish yellow, then darker. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 10 x 6/4" Massee. Mycelium sulphur colour. Pine woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. 368. C. (Phleg.) scaums Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 721, t. 755. with projecting ankles. P. 5-10 cm., of a peculiar tawny fuliginous colour, more tawny when dry, tiger-spotted, fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed; margin thin, slightly striate when old. St. 6-8 cm. x 8-10 mm., azure-blue, or olivaceous, becoming white and also yellowish when old, attenuated up- wards, fibrillosely striate; base marginately bulbous, the bulb some- times evanescent. Cortina greenish, fibrillose. Gills purplish-olivace- ous, olivaceous, or fuliginous, attenuato-adnexed, rounded, 2-4 mm. broad, thin, very crowded. Flesh watery, thin, soft. Spores ferru- ginous, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 6-7 \L, "punctate-rough" Eick. Taste mild. Woods, and bogs. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) CORTINARIUS 145 369. C. (Phleg.) herpeticus Fr. epTrerov, a creeping thing. P. 3-8 cm., olivaceous, then dirty tan colour, disc becoming pale, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, somewhat spotted, slightly viscid. St. 5- 8x1 cm., pallid, firm, unequal, somewhat twisted, fibrillose; bulb napiform, marginate. Gills violet-umber, then fuliginous-olive, slightly emarginate, at first crowded, 46 mm. broad. Flesh of the pileus pale violet when young, then becoming dirty white. Spores "nearly almond- shaped, punctate-rough, 7-8 x 4-5 /A" Rick. Woods. Sept. Rare. III. Cortina simple, thin, fugacious, median, or inferior. St. at the first exserted, somewhat thin, rigid-elastic, externally subcartilaginous, polished, shining. P. thin, often hygrophanous. *Gills whitish, then clay coloured, or dirty cinnamon. 370. C. (Phleg.) cumatilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 146, fig. 2. KVfia, a wave. P. 48 cm., of a very charming violet, or purple violet, fleshy, convex, obtuse, often irregular. St. 5-10 x 1-1-5 cm., white, often curved, cortinate only at the apex, the universal veil (which serves as a pellicle of the p.) ruptured at the base, and adnate to it as a separable, agglu- tinated membrane of the same colour as the p. Gills white, then clay colour, attenuato-adnexed, almost free, crowded, narrow, 4-6 mm. broad, with a small decurrent tooth. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 4-5//,, verrucose. Taste pleasant. Solitary, or subcaespitose. Fir woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 371. C. (Phleg.) serarius Fr. Serarius, living on whey. P. 7-10 cm., reddish-tan, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or broadly gibbous, viscid, opaque, appearing as if pruinately silky when dry. St. 10 x 1 cm., white, equal, entirely fibrillose, and soft, polished, shining. Cortina white, inferior, inconspicuous. Gills white, then clay colour, arcuately-adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, broad. Flesh white, with a hyaline line near the base of the gills. Spores "thin, fusiform, 7-8 x 3 /A, almost smooth" Rick. Mixed woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 372. C. (Phleg.) emollitus Fr. Emollitus, softened. P. 5-8 cm., tawny, then ochraceous yellow, fleshy, globose, then cam- panulato-convex, finally plane, or deformed, often fibrillosely virgate, shining when dry; margin incurved, flexuose. St. 4-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, becoming yellowish, equal, or attenuated downwards, often thickened at the apex, striate, or fibrillose, base sometimes thickened, often compressed, curved, or somewhat twisted. Cortina white, fu- gacious, often appendiculate from the margin of the p. Gills white, then ochraceous, adnate, or emarginate, somewhat distant, 10-12 mm. broad, fragile. Flesh white, very soft. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, B. B. B. 10 146 CORTINABIUS 6-7 x 4/u.. Taste very acrid. Often caespitose. Pastures, and woods, especially beech, and oak. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 373. C. (Phleg.) causticus Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxvi, t. 5, figs. 1-4. tcava-Tircos, burning. P. 3-5 cm., ochraceous nankeen yellow, almost hemispherical, then convex, and plane, sometimes slightly umbonate, and finally slightly depressed at the centre, pellicle easily separable, at first covered with the white fibrils of the universal veil, soon white pruinose, silky to- wards the margin, only slightly viscid when young, soon dry and shining ; margin slightly incurved, then straight. St. 5-8 cm. x 3-5 mm., white, straight, or flexuose, firm, elastic, covered with the fibrillose veil, and slightly viscid when young, soon dry, very minutely pruinose at the apex; base equal, or somewhat bulbose, sometimes fusiform and slightly rooting. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills cream colour, then ochraceous rust, broadly adnate, slightly emarginate, diminishing in width towards the margin, slightly crowded. Flesh yellowish when young, becoming whitish when dry. Spores ferruginous in the mass, yellowish brown under the microscope, elliptical, 6-5-7'5 x 4/>i, apicu- late, very minutely verrucose. Smell rather strong. Taste of the cuticle of the pileus very bitter, of the flesh sweet, or very slightly bitter. Pine woods, and under conifers. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 374. C. (Phleg.) crystallinus Fr. Grevillea, t. 107, fig. 3. icpvaraXkivos, crystalline. P. 1-5-4 cm., shining silvery white towards the margin, disc watery- pallid, becoming altogether shining white when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, hygrophanous. St. 5-7 cm. x 6-10 mm., whitish, then straw colour, fragile, equal, or attenuated at the base, fibrillose. Gills day colour, emarginate, thin, 6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores clay colour, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/n, "7-8 x 4-5 /M, faintly punc- tate" Rick. Taste very acrid. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 375. C. (Phleg.) decoloratus Fr. Cke. Illus. no 726, t. 729. Decoloratus, stained. P. 4-10 cm., day colour, disc darker, thin, equally fleshy, cam- panulate, then convex, obtuse, soft, soon dry, and fiocculose, corru- gated and stained when old. St. 5-10 cm. x 10-12 mm., silvery, equal, thickened at the base, sometimes attenuated downwards, fibrillose. Cortina white, fibrillose, inferior. Gills whitish, or bluish, then day colour and cinnamon, emarginate, adnate, or decurrent, not much crowded, 6 mm. broad. Flesh white, watery, soft. Spores pale ferru- ginous, pip-shaped, 11-12 x 5-6/i, verrucose. Taste slightly acrid. Woods, especially beech. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) CORTINARIUS 147 **Gills violaceous, purplisli, or flesh coloured. 376. C. (Phleg.) decolorans (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 727, t. 730. Decolorans, discolouring. P. 3-6 cm., persistently yellow, fleshy, convex, then flattened, some- what gibbous. St. 57 cm. x 6-10 mm., shining white, equal, attenu- ated downwards, or slightly thickened at the base. Cortina white, persistent, median. Gills purplish, then soon cinnamon, sinuato- adnexed, thin, crowded, 6 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin, firm. Spores pale ferruginous, subglobose, 7-8 x 7 ft; "almond-shaped, 10-12 x 5- 6/x, warted" Kick. Coniferous woods, and under birches. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 377. C. (Phleg.) porphyropus (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 728, t. 731. Trop(f>vpeos, purple; TTOU?, foot. P. 3-8 cm., livid-light-yellowish, or day colour, fleshy, very thin at the margin, convexo-plane, obtuse, innately streaked. St. 5-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., violaceous-lilac, becoming pale, even whitish, but soon becoming violaceous-lilac when touched, fragile, somewhat bulbous, or rather equally attenuated from the thickened base, sometimes equal. Cortina violaceous-lilac, fibrillose, inferior. Gills purplish, then watery cinnamon, becoming purple again when touched, rounded, or emar- ginate, somewhat crowded, 4-10 mm. broad. Flesh of pileus whitish, soon becoming purple-lilac when broken, of stem purple-lilac becoming whitish. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 10-11 x 6-7 //,, "slightly rough" Eick. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 378. C. (Phleg.) croceo-caeruleus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 729, t. 732. Croceus, saffron; caeruleus, azure. P. 2-3 cm., lilac, or faintly violaceous, fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, or gibbous. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, fragile, somewhat equal, or attenuated downwards. Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills lilac, then clay-saffron, attenuated, or broadly emar- ginate, with a small, very thin decurrent tooth, somewhat distant. Flesh pallid, lilac under the pellicle, watery. Spores ferruginous, pip- shaped, 6-8 x 4-5 fj,, punctate. Taste "bitter" Pers. Woods, especially under beeches, and hazels. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) ***Gills pure ochre, tawny, or ferruginous. 379. C. (Phleg.) coruscans Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 730, t. 733. Coruscans, glittering. P. 10 cm., yellow-ochraceous, often spotted tawny, fleshy, soon plane, regular, at length depressed, shining when dry. St. 7-15 x 1 cm., shining white, elastic, equal, apex enlarged, fibrillosely-striate. Cortina 102 148 CORTINARIUS white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills bright ochraceous, decurrent by a tooth, thin, very narrow, 2-4 mm. wide, very crowded, linear. Flesh white, soft. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 380. C. (Phleg.) papulosus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 731, t. 718. Papulosus, having pimples. P. 6-9 cm., honey -tan colour, disc ferruginous, or fuscous, and here and there gibbous, fleshy, convex, obtuse, then plane, and at length depressed, the cuticle breaking up into minute, granular, fuscous patches when dry. St. 6-7 x 1-1-5 cm., white, firm, equal, or thickened at the base, densely fibrillose, apex naked. Cortina white, inferior, very fugacious. Gills pallid, soon ochraceous, at length very pale yellow cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, crowded, slightly joined behind, separa- ting from the stem when old, and connected by a spurious collar. Flesh white, thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores "sub- elliptical, 810 x 5 6/z,, very slightly punctate" Rick. Pine woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. var. major Fr. Major, larger. P. yellowish, ferruginous, margin much paler, glutinous, disc truly granular. St. at length coloured like the gills, attenuated from the base, filamentous from the inferior veil, apex cortinate. Gills slightly sinuate. 381. C. (Phleg.) vespertinus Fr. Vespertinus, pertaining to evening. P. 7-9 cm., yellowish ochraceous, disc egg-yellow, fleshy, convex, then plane, glutinous, wrinkled and folded at the margin. St. 5-7-5 x 1- 1-5 cm., shining white, firm, elastic, incrassated at the base, fibrillose. Cortina pallid, inferior, fugacious. Gills bright and intense fulvous- cinnamon, broadly emarginate, very broad, firm, little crowded, shining. Flesh white, firm. Spores "elliptical, 4r-5 x 34/x,, almost smooth" Rick. Deciduous woods. Oct. Rare. ****Gills olivaceous, fuliginous. 382. C. (Phleg.) olivascens (Batsch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 147, fig. 2. Olivascens, becoming olivaceous. P. 3-5 cm., somewhat fuliginous, or bistre olivaceous, becoming pale, somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse; margin substriate. St. 7- 9x1 cm., silvery, becoming pallid ("whitish lilac, then silvery at the apex, white in the middle and citron yellow at the base" Quel.), attenu- ated upwards, somewhat bulbose, fibrillose, striate. Gills olivaceous, or clay colour, then cinnamon, adnate, emarginate, thin, little crowded. Flesh paler ("violaceous, then reddish" Quel.), thin. Spores "tawny olivaceous, pruniform, 10-12 x 5'5-7/Lt, punctate" Bat. Taste acrid. Damp woods amongst Sphagna. Sept. Rare. CORTINARIUS 149 -. Myxaciuni I' r. (fjbv^a, mucus.) General veil glutinous. Stem viscid. Pileus slightly fleshy. fSt. floccoso-peronate, the flocci at first covered with gluten. 383. C. (Myx.) arvinaceus Fr. (= Cortinarius (Myxacium) mucosus (Bull.) Quel., (Myxacium) alutipes (Lasch) Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 734, t. 739, as Cortinarius (Myxacium) mucosus Fr. Arvinaceus, greasy. P. 6-10 cm., orange-tawny, or reddish tan, fleshy, soft, convex, then soon flattened, at length reflexed and undulating, viscid, glistening when dry; margin slightly striate when in full vigour. St. 10-20 x 1- 1-5 cm., white, equal, silky-viscous. Cortina soon fibrillose, fugacious. Gills straw colour, then bright ochraceous, adnato-decurrent, very broad, 12-18 mm., somewhat distant, edge crenulate. Spores ochraceous, "fusiform, 15-17 x 8-9 /x, rough" Eick. Beech woods. Oct. Bare. 384. C. (Myx.) collinitus (Sow.) Fr. (= Cortinarius (Myxacium) muci- fluus Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 735, t. 740, as Cortinarius (Myxacium) mucifluus Fr. Collinitus, besmeared. P. 6-11 cm., orange-tawny, fleshy, not compact, convex, with the margin bent inwards, then expanded, obtuse, covered with persistent orange-tawny gluten, shining when dry. St. 7-12 x 1-2-5 cm., violace- ous, white, or yellowish, firm, cylindrical, at length soft, covered with afloccose, glutinous veil, which is commonly broken up into concentric scales, near the apex the gluten is continuous with that of the p. and forms an entirely viscous, fugacious ring. Gills whitish-bluish- grey, or clay colour then cinnamon, adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, brownish under the cuticle of the p. and at the base of the st. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 10-11 x 6/x,, rough. Woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 385. C. (Myx.) mucosus (Bull.) (= Cortinarius (Myxacium) alutipes (Lasch) Fr. and (Myxacium) arvinaceus Fr. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 108. Mucosus, full of mucus. P. 4-10 cm., chestnut, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then expanded, covered with chestnut gluten, margin paler, striate. St. 5-15 x 2 cm., whitish ochre, or ochraceous, cylindrical, slightly attenuated at the base, fibrillosely tomentose. Cortina white, glutinous. Gills whitish, then cinnamon, adnate. Flesh whitish, tinged with chestnut under the cuticle of the p. and at the base of the st. Spores tawny, verrucose, lemon-shaped, 14-17 x 7-8/x. Pine woods. Aug. Oct. Not un- common, (v.v,) 150 CORTINARIUS 386. C. (Myx.) mucifluus Fr. (= Cortinarius (Myxacium) collinitus Sow. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 148, fig. 1. Mucus, mucus; <f>\va), I boil over. P. 3-9 cm., livid-clay, tan when dry, opaque, thin, somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, at length reflexed and repand, smeared with separating, hyaline gluten; margin membranaceous, striate. St. white, or inclining to azure-Uue, spongy, attenuated downwards, viscid with the floccose-scaly fugacious veil. Gills clay colour, then watery cinnamon, adnate. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, granular, 12 x 7fji. Cystidia "on edge of gill, vesiculose, 30-45 x 18-30 /x" Kick. Pine woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 387. C. (Myx.) elatior Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 149, fig. 1. Elatior, taller. P. 6-12 cm., livid-light-yellow when moist, dingy ochraceous when dry, sometimes whitish, tan fuscous, date brown, violaceous brown, black, whitish round the margin, or grey with the margin violaceous, slightly fleshy only at the disc, cylindrical, or bullate, then campanulate, afterwards flattened and somewhat reflexed, disc above the stem obtuse, membranaceous and longitudinally plicato-wrinkled at the sides, fragile. St. 718 x 1-5 cm., violaceous, lilac, becoming white, com- monly attenuated at both ends, especially at the base, fibrillosely fioccose. Cortina concolorous, viscid, fugacious. Gills ochraceous, or lilac, then dark brown cinnamon, adnate, broad, connected by veins or wrinkled at the sides. Flesh whitish, or pale yellowish. Spores purplish-ferruginous, almond-shaped, 12-14 x 6/z, verrucose. Cystidia "on edge of gill vesiculose-pyriform, 36-45 x 21-28 ju," Rick. Woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 388. C. (Myx.) grallipes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 738, t. 734. Grallae, stilts; pes, foot. P. 4-8 cm., ferruginous when moist, ochraceous tan when dry, opaque, almost membranaceous with the exception of the prominent, often acutely umbonate disc, campanulate, then flattened, hygrophanous, very viscid when wet. St. 10-15 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellowish tawny, ochraceous when dry, tough, equal, flexuose, fibroso-striate, viscid. Cortina pale, whitish brown, fugacious. Gills clay colour, then ferru- ginous, adnate with a decurrent tooth, 12 mm. broad, attenuated in front, crowded. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, "7-8 x 4 5/x," Herpell. Caespitose. Mixed woods, and under oaks and poplars. Oct. Uncommon. 389. C. (Myx.) livido-ochraceus Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 739, t. 767. Lividus, livid; ochraceus, ochre. P. 2-5-5 cm., livid-ochre, somewhat membranaceous, convex, then plane, cuticle thick, subcartilaginous, margin very thin, often with CORTINARIUS 151 a few, indistinct fragments of the veil. St. 2-56 cm. x 7-10 mm., beautiful violet, ochraceous at the base, attenuated at both ends, some- what scaly, striate above the fugacious veil. Grills pale, then cinnamon, margin pale, somewhat adnexed, broad in front, moderately distant. Flesh yellowish, livid under the pellicle of the p. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 /i, rough, 1-guttulate. Taste "like Ag. campes- tris " Berk. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) tfVeil entirely viscid, hence the st. is not floccoso-peronate, but only viscid, acquiring a varnished appearance when dry. *Gills whitish, then clay colour. 390. C. (Myx.) nitidus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1189, t. 1191. Nitidus, shining. P. 4-12 cm., honey-coloured tan, at length whitish, disc tan colour, fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, or almost obtuse, glutinous, when dry the cuticle often cracked in streaks, and appearing minutely fuscous punctate. St. 5-10 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid white and fibrillose when young, then becoming yellowish and naked, base clavate, often curved, tough, elastic, apex at first white-mealy. Cortina slightly fibrillose, fugacious. Gills whitish, soon clay colour, and finally watery cinnamon, truly decurrent, arcuate at first, crowded, narrow, 4 mm. wide. Flesh white. Spores light brown, "broadly pip-shaped, 10- 12 x 8ji" Cke. Subcaespitose. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. **Gills at first violaceous, dark blue, or reddish. 391. C. (Myx.) salor Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 150, fig. 1. 0-0X09, the high sea. P. 4-7 cm., grey, bright violaceous round the infiexed margin, at length of the same colour, obtusely conical, or parabolic, soon campanulate, and at length flattened, with a broad umbo on account of the fleshy disc, thin towards the circumference, thinly viscid, fibrillose towards the margin when dried. St. 4-8 x 1-1 -5 cm., white, covered up to the apex with the azure-blue glutinous veil when young, becoming pale when old, conico-attenuatedfrom the bulbous base, gradually elongated. Gills pale grey, with the edge violaceous, or bluish grey, then grey clay colour, or cinnamon, adnate, distant, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh white, becoming yellow, or faintly azure-blue. Spores ferruginous, "subglobose, 8- 9 x 8n, granular" Rick. Woods. Oct. Rare. 392. C. (Myx.) delibutus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 741, t. 743. Delibutus, besmeared. P. 3-7-5 cm., light yellowish, fleshy, thin, especially towards the margin, convex, then flattened, obtuse, at length somewhat depressed, viscid with hyaline gluten, slightly silky fibrillose when the gluten has 152 CORTINARIUS disappeared. St. 5-10 cm. x 6-8 mm., yellowish white, apex snow white, equally attenuated from the slightly bulbose base, or somewhat equal, elastic, viscid up to the white, scanty, fibrillose, fugacious cortins. Gills dark-blue, or violaceous dark-blue, then clay cinnamon, serrulated, pallid or often crisped at the edge, adnate, at length rounded, or slightly emarginate, more or less distant, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh white. Spores pale ochraceous, "subglobose, 7 x 6-7 /LI, granular" Karst. Taste watery, then slightly pungent. Grassy, and damp places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. elegans Massee. Elegans, neat. P. and st. very glabrous, yellow-viscid, shining when dry, only apex of stem white, flesh whitish-yellow, gills paler, more crowded. Grassy banks of streams. Sept. Oct. Rare. 393. C. (Myx.) fflibatus Fr. Illibatus, unimpaired. P. 2-5-5 cm., yellow, disc darker, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then convex, at length plane, subumbonate, pellicle viscid. St. 7'5 cm. x 4 mm., white, commonly with reddish dots upwards, slightly attenu- ated upwards, viscid. Cortina superior, fibrillose, very fugacious. Gills flesh-colour, then clay and cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, arcuate, 4 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh white, very thin at the circum- ference. Spores cinnamon, elliptical, "15-16 x 6-7 //,, granular" Massee, "subglobose, 7-9 p, granular" Bat. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. ***Gills at first ochraceous, or cinnamon. 394. C. (Myx.) stillatitius Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 742, t. 831. Stillaticius, dripping. P. 4-6 cm., clothed with azure-blue gluten, fuscous-livid when the gluten separates in the form of drops, at length grey-white, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, subumbonate; margin smooth. St. 5 7 cm. x 6-8 mm., sheathed with thick azure-blue gluten which is ex- tended into the cortina, very soft, equally attenuated. Gills dark cinnamon, emarginate, 6 mm. broad. Flesh watery, soft, hygrophan- ous. Spores ferruginous, "subglobose, 8 x 6/x, 1-guttulate" Sacc., "almond-shaped, 13-15 x 7-8 JM, rough. Cystidia on edge of gill, 30-40 x 12-20 /LI" Rick. Pastures, and amongst dead leaves. Oct. Uncommon. 395. C. (Myx.) vibratilis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 743, t. 744. Vibratilis, quivering. P. 3-6 cm., yellow, golden when dry and very shining, fleshy at tlte disc, thin elsewhere, convexo-plane, obtuse, very glutinous. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-8 mm., shining white, conically attenuated, or ventricose, equal and flexuose amongst mosses, fragile, very soft. Cortina glutinous, often COBTINARIUS 153 forming a median ring. Gills pallid, then bright ochraceous cinnamon', rounded, emarginate, or decurrent by a tooth, crowded, thin. Flesh pallid. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x ip, "punctate" Rick. Smell strong, taste very bitter. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 396. C. (Myx.) pluvius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 744, t. 769. Pluvius, rainy. P. 1-5-3 cm., pale yellow-tawny when moist, ochraceous tan and opaque when dry, slightly fleshy, somewhat globose, then convex, commonly gibbous, slightly pellucidly striate when more fully grown, hygrophanous, viscid, shining in rainy weather. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, then yellow and concolorous, soft, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, slightly viscid, silky. Cortina white, fibrillose, slightly viscid, soon fugacious. Gills light yellowish, or at the first whitish, then ochrace- ous, adnexed, separating, ventricose, crowded. Flesh pale yellowish, becoming white. Spores deep ochraceous, broadly elliptical, 9-10x7- 8/t, 1-guttulate. Taste watery, then acrid and pungent. Woods, especially pine. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 3. Inoloma Fr. (i9, fibre; \w/j,a, fringe.) Pileus equally fleshy, dry, at first fioccose, fibrillose, velvety, pubescent, or silky, then becoming somewhat smooth. Veil simple. *Gills at first white, or pallid. 397. C. (Ino.) opiums Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 151, fig. 1. Opimus, plump. P- 7-10 cm., tan colour, fleshy, very thick, very hard, convex, then plane, deformed, repand, everywhere covered with short tan coloured tomentum, then rimoso-rivulose ; margin involute, pruinose, white, often split. St. 2-5-5 x 2-5 cm., whitish, covered with the white fibrils of the veil, attenuated at the base and rooting. Gills whitish, then clay colour, emarginate, much narrower than the flesh of the p., somewhat crowded, flexuose. Flesh whitish, firm. Spores ochraceous, "sub- globose, 8-9 x 7-8 /A, warted" Rick. Smell and taste pleasant. Woods, especially conifers. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. fulvobrunneus Fr. Fulvus, tawny; brunneus, brown. P. tawny brown, undulated, thinner (margin thin), glabrous, rimoso- rivulose. St. 3-5 x 2-5 cm., attenuated downwards, fibrillosely striate. Gills very broad. 398. C. (Ino.) argutus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 151, fig. 2. Argutus, pointed. P. 7-10 cm., clay ochraceous, or deep ochraceous, fleshy, broadly conico-campanulate, soon convex, somewhat gibbous, at length plane, 154 CORTINARIUS obtuse, fibrillosely silky, here and there minutely squamulose, becoming smooth with age, rather rimose, opaque. St. 6-10 x 2-3 cm., white, floccoso-squamulose, becoming smooth and yellowish, ovately bulbous, or ventricose at the base, often curved and prolonged below the bulb into a pointed root. Veil white, superior, simple, forming a ring when young, rarely noticeable when mature. Gills white, then clay colour, adnate, somewhat distant. Flesh very hard, white ("becoming red on exposure to the air " Quel.). Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 7 8x4/i, verrucose, "almond-shaped, 13-15x8-9 p, coarsely warted " Eick. Deciduous woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 399. C. (Ino.) turgidus Fr. Grevillea, t. 109, fig. 1. Turgidus, swollen. P. 5-10 cm., clay colour, silvery-shining when full grown, very fleshy, compact, convex, then plane, very obtuse, hoary, rarely sprinkled with shining atoms; margin silky and white when young. St. 4-6 x 2 cm., silvery white, stout, bulbous base much swollen, externally cartilaginous, elastic, longitudinally fibrillose under a lens, and split up into sub- reticulate cracks, often undulate. Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills whitish, then clay colour, emarginate, crowded, 4 mm. broad, denticulate. Flesh whitish, tough. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 7-9 x 4-5-6/x, 1-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 400. C. (Ino.) argentatus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 745, t. 745. Argentatus, silvered. P. 4-10 cm., silvery-shining, disc becoming pale, at first silky-lilac round the margin, then dun-coloured, fleshy, convexo-plane, at length broadly gibbous, silky. St. 8-10 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, attenuated from the thickened base. Gills pallid, then watery cinnamon, emar- ginate, crowded; edge slightly serrated, white. Flesh whitish, often with a bluish tinge. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/A, punc- tate. Smell and taste pleasant. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. (v.v.) var. pinetorum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 746, t. 746. Pinetorum, of pine woods. Smaller. P. 5 cm., at first lilac and silky. St. 5 cm. Smell weak. Pine woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 401. C. (Ino.) fusco-tinctus Eea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. v, t. 8. Fuscus, dark; tinctus, stained. P. 26 cm., pale ochraceous, becoming blood red immediately in places where touched, then fuscous especially around the margin, fleshy, con- vex, subgibbose, fibrillosely silky, disc floccosely squamulose under a CORTINARIUS 155 lens; margin at first involute, arachnoid with the veil. St. 6-10 cm. x 510 mm., concolorous, becoming reddish when touched, and soon fuscous, fusiform, often incurved at the base, solid, firm, apex minutely white pruinose. Cortina white, manifest, median, at length fugacious. Gills clay colour, then pale cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, attenuated in front, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded; edge white, unequal. Flesh white, unchangeable, compact, firm, with a grey horn colour line at the base of the gills. Spores ferruginous in the mass, pale ferruginous under the microscope, elliptical, 9-10 x 5/*, contents granular. Smell and taste none. The change of colour is present only in the cuticle of the p., and st. Oak woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) **Gills, as well as the st. and veil, violaceous. 402. C. (too.) violaceus (Linn.) Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 58. Violaceus, violet. P. 7-15 cm., dark violaceous, sometimes purplish-violet, fleshy, con- vex, then flattened, regular, obtuse, villous, the innate persistent villous down for the most part rimoso-squamulose; margin at first involute. St. 6-10 x 1-5-2 cm., dark violaceous, stout, remarkably bulbous, at first tomentose, then fibrillose. Cortina azure-blue, woolly, then ferru- ginous with the spores. Gills dark, almost black violaceous, then coloured ferruginous with the spores and again violaceous when these are rubbed off, somewhat adnate, firm, distant, connected by veins, broader than the flesh of the pileus. Flesh blue, becoming white. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 11-13 x 7-8 /i, verrucose. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially under birch, and beech. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 403. C. (Ino.) cyanites Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 152, fig. 1. tcvavos, dark blue. P. 6-13 cm., dark blue, becoming azure-blue, or livid-fuscous, fleshy, soft, convex, then flattened, obtuse, silky. St. 7-13 x 1-2 cm., con- colorous, very bulbous, fibrillose. Cortina azure-blue, fibrillose. Gills deep dark blue, adnate, sinuate, crowded, thin, 6 mm. broad. Flesh blue, reddening on exposure to the air, and when compressed giving out a red juice. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5 jit, "warted" Rick. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) var. major Fr. Major, larger. Differs from the type in the compact stem, in the p. tardily becoming reddish, and in the somewhat distant, cinereous dark 404. C. (Ino.) muricinus Fr. Murex, a mollusc from which the Tyrian purple was obtained. P. 5-10 cm., violaceous, becoming reddish, fleshy, compact, convex, then plane, very obtuse, becoming smooth; margin fibrillose. St. 156 CORTINARITJS 3-10 x 1-5-2-5 cm., becoming violaceous, attenuated upwards from the bulbous base, villous. Gills purplish violet, at length reddish liver colour, emarginate, 12 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh paler, becoming bluish near the gills, spongy. Spores ferruginous, "almond- shaped, 13-15 x 7-8 /x, warted " Eick. Smell strong, peculiar. Fir, and larch woods. Oct. Uncommon. 405. C. (Ino.) alboviolaceus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 151, fig. 3. Albus, white; violaceus, violet. P. 5-7-5 cm., whitish violet, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, or rather gibbous, dry, beautifully innately silky, the fibrils longitudinally adpressed as in Inocybe geophylla. St. 5-10 x 1-2-5 cm., concolorous, becoming whitish, firm, clavato-bulbous, or conico-attenuated, white villous, fibrillose above with the cortina, and often zoned with the white veil at the middle. Gills greyish lilac, then grey-cinnamon, ad- nate, scarcely emarginate, 4-5 mm. broad, subdistant, subserrulate. Flesh azure blue white, juicy, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, oblong elliptical, 9-12 x 5-6/i, punctate. Woods, especially beech. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 406. C. (Ino.) malachius Fr. fiaXd^t], a mallow. P. 5-10 cm., pale lilac, then fuscous ferruginous, pale brick colour when dry, very fleshy, compact, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or slightly gibbous, hoary with minute, fasciculate down, or silky towards the margin. St. 7-12 x 2-5 cm., bluish lilac, becoming whitish, bulbous base slightly marginate, ventricose, or equal, often deformed, striate with violaceous fibrils, very rarely having a white membranaceous ring. Cortina violaceous, thin. Gills purple, becoming pale, at length watery ferruginous, emarginate, crowded. Flesh violaceous, becoming white, thick, watery, soft in the st. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, "10-12 x 6-7 jLt" Cke., "punctate" Rick. Pine, and fir woods. Sept. Rare. 407. C. (Ino.) camphoratus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 152, fig. 2. Camphoratus, strong scented. P. 5-8 cm., lilac, becoming whitish, or yellowish, very fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, silky, becoming smooth. St. 7-13 x 1-2-5 cm., bulbous, or obclavate, peronately woolly when young. Cortina blue, fibrillose. Gills intense azure blue, becoming purple, decurrent, or emarginate, arcuate, thin, crowded. Flesh blue, white at the base of the stem, thick. Spores ferruginous, "somewhat almond shape, 12- 14 x 7-8 n, granular" Cke. Smell foetid, exceedingly penetrating, like fenugreek, or curry-powder. Woods, especially pine. Sept. Rare. CORTINARIUS 157 408. C. (Ino.) hircinus (Bolt.) Fr. (= Cortinarius amethystinus (Schaefl.) Quel.) Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 52. Hircinus, of a goat. P. 4-5 cm., violet, disc at length becoming ferruginous, fleshy, convex, obtusely gibbous, silky with adpressed, violet fibrils. St. 4-5 x 1-5 cm., violet, becoming pallid, yellowish at the bulbous base, cortinate. Gills violet, then cinnamon, emarginate, broad, thin, subdistant. Flesh dingy, becoming yellowish especially at the base of the st., thick. Spores ferruginous, "8-5-10 x 4-5-5-5/z, minutely verrucose" Maire. Smell strong like goats, or burnt horn. Pine woods. Sept. Rare. ***Gills or veil cinnamon, red, or ochraceous. 409. C. (Ino.) traganus Fr. (= Cortinarius amethystinus (SchaefL) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 752, t. 757. rpdyos, a goat. P. 4-8 cm., lilac purplish, becoming pale and finally yellowish, very fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, dry, silky, becoming smooth. St. 7-12 x 1-2-5 cm., violaceous, then whitish, spongy, attenuated up- wards, base villous, very bulbous, silky, then fibrillose. Cortina pallid violaceous, continuous with the silky covering of the p. Gills saffron- ochraceous, then cinnamon, emarginate, very broad, thick, distant, edge often somewhat crenate. Flesh yellowish, thick, deep saffron-ochraceous in the spongy st. Spores bright ferruginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 p, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Smell foetid like goats, or the larvae of Cossus. Pine woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. finitimus Weinm. Finitimus, nearly related. Differs from the type in the yellowish mottled flesh of the st., and the pleasant smell, like gum just beginning to ferment, or like camphor. 410. C. (Ino.) sufflus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 152, fig. 3. Suillus, pertaining to swine. P. 710 cm., dingy, or pallid brick-red, fleshy, convex, obtuse, at length floccosely squamulose, silky towards the margin. St. 7-10 x 1- 2-5 cm., dingy pallid, clavato-bulbous, attenuated upwards, darker when touched, fibrillose, apex pale violaceous, fugacious, base white- woolly. Gills cinnamon, opaque, adnate, 10-12 mm. broad, subdis- tant, fragile, often veined at the base. Flesh dirty pale brick colour, especially in the st., thick at the disc, thin elsewhere. Spores "ellipsoid, obtuse at the ends, 10-12 x 6-8 fj," Sacc. Fir, and pine woods. Sept. Nov. Rare. 411. C. (Ino.) tophaceus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 153, fig. 1. Tophus, tufa. P. 7-10 cm., golden tawny, opaque, fleshy, hemispherical, villosely squamulose, varying slightly silky, and shining. St. 5-10 x 1-5-2 cm., tawny, slightly attenuated upwards from the bulbous base, villosely squamulose, often twisted. Gills concolorous, then tawny cinnamon, 158 CORTINARIUS broadly emarginate, 12-15 mm. broad, distant. Flesh white, compact at the disc, thin at the margin, soft. Spores "roundish, 8-9 x 7 /LI, punctate" Eick. Subcaespitose, or solitary. Beech woods. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. redimitus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 754, t. 773. Redimitus, bound round. Differs from the type in the thinner, obtusely umbonate, golden yellmc p. streaked with adpressed darker fibrils, the yellowish, fibrillosely striate st. slightly thickened at the base, and the light yellow gills adnate with a small decurrent tooth. Beech woods. Oct. Rare. 412. C. (Ino.) callisteus Fr. icd\\i<rTO<;, very beautiful. P. 46 cm., yellow tawny, fleshy, convexo-expanded, rather smooth, silky towards the margin, generally broken up into minute, innate squamules. St. 7-12 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, or rhubarb colour, clavato-bulbous, equally attenuated upwards, fibrillosely striate. Cortina concolorous, marginal, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills concolorous, adnate, connected together at the base and to the stem byfiocci, plane, sub- distant, 8 mm. broad, thin. Flesh yellowish white, rhubarb colour in the st., thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6-8 x 6fj,, 1-guttulate, "punctate" Rick. Pine woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 413. C. (Ino.) vinosus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 758, t. 759. Vinosus, wine colour. P. 5-7-5 cm., vinous red, fleshy, semiglobose, then expanded, at length flattened, smooth, shining. St. 5-7-5 x 1 cm., violet, cylin- drical, abruptly thickened into a marginately bulbous, reddish base. Cortina reddish. Gills ferruginous cinnamon, adnexed, ventricose, scarcely crowded. Flesh pale violet, reddish in the st. Spores ferru- ginous, almond-shaped, 16-18 x 8/u, granular. Under trees, and in woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 414. C. (Ino.) Bulliardii (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 109. Pierre Bulliard, the eminent French mycologist. P. 4-10 cm., dark rufescent, bay brown blood colour, becoming pale, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, or fibrillose. St. 5-12 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish above, blood red downwards, and covered with blood red fibrils near the ovate bulb, which arises from a blood red myce- lium. Cortina whitish, fugacious. Gills purplish, then ferruginous, adnexed with a decurrent tooth, 6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded, often crenulated at the whitish edge. Flesh whitish, brownish under the cuticle, and reddish at the base of the st. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/x, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) CORTINARIUS 159 415. C. (too.) bolaris (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 759, t. 760. /3Xo<?, a clod of earth. P. 3-7 cm., light yellow red, or pale, variegated with innate, adpressed, spot-like red scales, fleshy, convexo-plane, obsoletely umbonate. St. 4-8 cm. x 6-10 mm., pale, variegated with saffron-red, adpressed, fibril- lose scales, sometimes entirely scarlet, apex white, firm, equal. Cortina saffron-red, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills cream colour, then dark cinna- mon, decurrent, or adnate, arcuate, crowded. Flesh white, yellowish in the st., firm. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 5ft, minutely punctate. Taste acrid. Woods, especially beech. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) ****Gills or veil dark, fuscous, or olivaceous. 416. C. (too.) pholideus Fr. Grevillea, t. 117, fig. 1. $0X19, a scale. P. 5-10 cm., fawn colour, becoming pale, at length somewhat cinna- mon, fleshy, convex, then flattened, subumbonate and depressed round the umbo, covered with innate, piloso-fasciculate, crowded, fuscous blackish, squarrose scales. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-12 mm., brownish, attenu- ated upwards, sometimes shorter and clavato-bulbous, squarrose with fuliginous, blackish scales up to the cortinate, arachnoid ring, pale violaceous above. Gills violaceous, then day colour, and at length cinnamon, subemarginate, 4-8 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /i, "punctate" Rick. Deciduous woods. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 417. C. (too.) sublanatus (Sow.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 111. Sub, somewhat; lanatus, woolly. P. 4 W cm., fawn colour, or olivaceous fawn, becoming tan fuscous, and at length ferruginous, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, clothed with innate, floccose, fuscous squamules. St. 8 11 x 1-5 cm., pale ochraceous, conico-elongated, or clavato-bulbous, clothed to the middle with fuscous down, continued into a fibrillose cortina, which does not form a zone, apex slightly violaceous, naked. Cortina yellowish, arachnoid. Gills olivaceous yellowish, or ochraceous ferruginous, then cinnamon, adnate, broader behind, 6 mm. broad, scarcely crowded. Flesh ochraceous yellow, deeper coloured in the st., fairly thick, firm. Spores "ochraceous tawny, subglobose, 8-10/t, apiculate at the one end, verrucose " Boud. Smell of radish. Fir and larch woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 418. C. (too.) phrygianus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 153, fig. 3. Phrygianus, embroidered. P. 5-7 cm., honey colour, fleshy, convex, obtuse, densely covered with simple, black, hispid fibrils. St. 3-8 x 1-1-5 cm., paler than the p., whitish when dry, reticulately clothed with lax, black fibrils, 160 COBTINARIUS equal, base bulbous. Gills dirty yellow, rounded behind, 48 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, firm. Smell of radish. Damp beech woods. Sept. Oct. Eare. 419. C. (Inc.) arenatus (Pers.) Fr. Arena, sand. P. 3-6 cm., pale yellowish fuscous, or olivaceous, fleshy, convex, at first gibbous, punctate with granular, floccose, brown squamules. St. 5-7 cm. x 6-10 mm., brown, clavato-attenuated, sheathed up to and beyond the middle with fuscous squamules, apex naked, cream colour. Gills yellowish, then cinnamon, emarginate, ventricose, somewhat crowded. Spores "obliquely elliptical, 7 x 5ju," Massee. Fir, and mixed woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 4. Dennocybe Fr. (Bepfia, skin; /cvfirj, head.) Pileus thinly, and equally fleshy, dry, not hygrophanous, at first silky with subinnate villose down, then smooth. Veil simple, forming a zone in C. caninus. *Gills at first whitish, or pallid. 420. C. (Dermo.) ochroleucus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 764, t. 775. &>%/>o9, pale; Xey/co?, white. P. 5-8 cm., pale white, or yellowish, disc ochraceous, fleshy, broadly campanulate, then expanded, and somewhat gibbous, slightly silky, becoming smooth. St. 4-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., white, firm, ventricose, naked. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills clay colour, then ochraceous, sinuato-adnexed, then free, broader behind, 6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc, firm. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/i, 1-guttulate. Taste bitter. Deciduous woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 421. C. (Dermo.) decumbens (Pers.) Fr. Grevillea, t. 127, fig. 3. Decumbens, lying down. P. 2'5-4 cm., white, or yellowish, fleshy, firm, convex, then plane, gibbous, then obtuse, silky-shining. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 5-6 mm., shining white, ascending, clavato-bulbous, smooth, apex mealy. Cortina white, silky. Gills white, then clay colour, at length ochre cinnamon, adnexed, 4 mm. broad, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, firm. Spores ochrace- ous, "elliptical, 9-12 x 5-6 /i" Eick. Taste slightly bitter. Woods, and grassy places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 422. C. (Dermo.) riculatus Fr. Rica, a head veil. P. 5-8 cm., honey colour, but only conspicuously so at the disc, else- where clothed with a very thin, floccose, adpressed silkiness, that makes it appear almost glabrous, fleshy, convexo-plane, slightly gibbous. St. 5-6 cm. x 5-6 mm., pallid, becoming white, thickened downwards, CORTINAEITJS 161 smooth. Cortina pallid, fibrillose. Gills clay colour, at length watery ferruginous, adnate, 4 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, fairly thick, spongy in the st. Spores "pale brown in the mass, oval, 8-11 x 6-7 /x " Herpell. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 423. C. (Denno.) tabularis (Bull.) Fr. Tabula, a board. P. 48 cm., clay or fuscous clay colour, sometimes tawny, becoming pale, fleshy, convexo-plane, broadly gibbous, at length very flat, veiled at first with very thin, white flocci, which rarely in wet weather are col- lected in a zone at the margin, becoming smooth; margin silky. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, becoming pale, tough, elastic, equal, or attenuated upwards, erect, either floccosely scaly, or smooth. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills whitish, then clay colour, subemarginate, 6 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores ferruginous, pip- shaped, 9 x 6/z. Woods. Common, (v.v.) 424. C. (Denno.) camurus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 154, fig. 1. Camurus, crooked. P. 5-8 cm., fuscous, often hoary, becoming pale, pallid yellowish, umbo deeper in colour, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, with a broad, obtuse, often oblique umbo, rimosely incised when dry. St. 4-8 cm. x 7-14 mm., white, equal, ascending, flexuose, or twisted, fibrillose, apex silvery-shining, very fragile. Gills grey clay colour, then watery cinnamon, and somewhat fuscous, adnate, or sinuate, 6 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh white, fuscous under the cuticle when moist, thin at the margin, loose. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 7 x 6/z, multi- guttulate. Smell unpleasant. Often caespitose. Woods, especially birch, and beech. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 425. C. (Denno.) diabolicus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 765, t. 816, fig. B. 8iay3o\o9, the Devil. P. 2-5-7 cm., fuscous with a grey bloom, becoming smooth and fuscous yellow, fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, hemispherical, obtuse, or umbonate, dry, fragile, often splitting at the margin. St. 4-8 cm. x 4- 10 mm., pale, bluish grey at the apex, attenuated downwards, smooth. Cortina fugacious. Gills pale bluish grey, soon becoming white, at length clay colour, adnate, separating, subemarginate, 4-6 mm. broad, firm, somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores "subglobose, 8- 10 x 7-8/z, punctate " Rick. Beech woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) **Gills at first violaceous, becoming purple. 426. C. (Dermo.) azureus Fr. Quel. Jur. et. Vosg. t. 24, fig. 4. Azureus, sky blue. P. 3-6 cm., lilac, becoming hoary, then fuscous, and pallid, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, silky-shining, atomate. St. 6-8 cm. x 8- B. B. B. 11 162 CORTINARIUS 10 mm., sky blue, becoming whitish, thickened at the base, fragile, silky, stria te, often twisted. Cortina concolorous. Gills bright bluish violet, slightly emarginate, then decurrent, rather crowded. Flesh white, bluish in the st., thick at the disc. Spores " subglobose, 7-10 x 7- 9 //,, punctate " Rick. Deciduous woods, especially beech. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 427. C. (Derrno.) caninus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 768, t. 765. Caninus, belonging to a dog. P. 5-10 cm., fuscous brown, becoming bricJc-rufescent or tawny when dry, fleshy, firm, convex, then plane, obtuse, becoming smooth; margin at first whitish, silky. St. 7-12 cm. x 8-12 mm., pale white, apex violaceous, often ochraceous at the thickened, somewhat bulbous base, equal, fibrillose, elastic. Cortina forming a white, or fuscous zone near the apex of the st., fibrillose. Gills bluish grey, or purplish, then cinnamon, emarginate, 6-10 mm. broad, subdistant, thin. Flesh white, becoming yellowish, thick at the disc, soft. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 6/j,, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. Deciduous woods, and heaths. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 428. C. (Denno.) anomalus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 772, t. 776. a, not; o/u,aA.6<?, even. P. 36 cm., fuliginous, then rufescent, becoming hoary with separating fibrils, at length yellowish, fleshy, thin, very convex, then expanded, and gibbous. St. 57-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., violaceous above, whitish below, at length becoming pale and somewhat yellow, attenuated from the base, slightly sheathed, fibrillose, or somewhat scaly. Gills more or less violaceous, bluish grey purplish, then cinnamon, adnate, or emarginate, with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin. Flesh watery, becoming white when dry, violaceous at the apex of the st., thin, soft. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 6-7/x-, punctate. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 429. C. (Dermo.) lepidopus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 773, t. 850. t?, a scale; TTOU<?, a foot. P. 1-5-7 cm., umber, with a tinge of violet near the margin, disc be- coming rufescent, fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, smooth. St. 6-12 cm. x 8-12 mm., violet at the apex, dirty white below, attenu- ated upwards, with concentric, fibrillose, darker bands. Cortina whitish, with a tinge of violet. Gills violet, then cinnamon, adnate, rather crowded, thin. Flesh whitish, tinged lilac at the apex of the stem, rather thin. Spores pale ferruginous, ovate, sometimes almost globose, 8-9 x 6-7 /x, with a basal apiculus. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) CORTINARIUS 163 430. C. (Dermo.) myrtillinus Fr. fj,vpro<;, the myrtle. P. 3-7-5 cm., fuliginous, tinged with lilac, becoming hoary silky with the dense white fibrils, fleshy, convex, gibbous, becoming plane. St. 5-7 cm. x 6-12 mm., whitish, streaked with sparse,, lilac fibrils, tough, slightly bulbous. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills pure amethyst- azure-blue, scarcely changing colour, adnate, subdistant, edge whitish, denticulate. Flesh fuscous, becoming whitish when dry, violaceous at the apex of the St., tough, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 6/ji. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 431. C. (Dermo.) albocyaneus Fr. Albus, white; icvavos, dark blue. P. 2-3 cm., white, becoming yellow, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, hoary silky, becoming smooth. St. 6-10 x -5-1-5 cm., white, sub- clavate, naked. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills bluish purple, then somewhat ochraceous, emarginate, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /x, punctate. Smell "of apple" Quel. Coniferous, birch, and beech woods. Sept. Uncommon. 432. C. (Dermo.) spilomeus Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 154, fig. 3. 0-774X09, a spot. P. 3-7 cm., rufescent, or clay colour, fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, becoming smooth. St. 5-7 x 1 cm., whitish lilac, covered in the basal half with rufous, or tawny scales, equal, slightly thickened at the base. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills bluish grey, or violaceous, be- coming pale, at length watery cinnamon, adnate, or emarginate, crowded, thin. Flesh cinereous, becoming white, thick at the disc. Spores ferru- ginous, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 6-9 x 6-7 /x,, apiculate at the base, multi-guttulate, "punctate " Rick. Woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 433. C. (Dermo.) violaceo-fuscus (Cke. & Massee) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1163, t. 1174, as Inocybe violaceo-fusca Cke. & Mass. Violaceus, violet ; fuscus, dark. P. 2-5-5 cm., umber, often tinged with violet, fleshy, more or less con- vex, then expanded, obtusely umbonate, flocculose, fibrillose, con- centrically scaly, dry; margin thin, torn, fimbriate. St. 5-6 cm. x 6- 8 mm., violet above, pallid below, equal, silky. Gills violet, then umber, adnexed, rounded behind, or slightly sinuate, 4-6 mm. broad, scarcely crowded, edge paler, serrulate. Flesh thin. Spores ferruginous, ellip- tical, 7-8 x 4/z. Amongst grass in open places. Uncommon. ***Gills bright cinnamon, red, or yellow. 434. C. (Dermo.) phoeniceus (Bull.) Maire. (= Cortinarius miltinus Quel. non Fr.) Boud. Icon. t. 112, as Cortinarius miltinus Fr. s, purple-red. 112 164 CORTTNABIUS P. 2-5 cm., bay brown cinnamon, or dark cinnamon when moist, be- coming bright bay when dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, broadly gibbous, or umbonate, flexuose, fibrillosely silky. St. 5-7 cm. x 4- 9 mm., pale, reddish fibrillose below, equal, or slightly thickened at the base, rigid, striate. Cortina red, fibrillose. Gills reddish, then ferruginous, adnate, 3-5 mm. broad, somewhat crowded, thin. Flesh fuscous under the cuticle of the p., becoming paler, tinged reddish in the St., thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/i, multi-guttu- late. Smell none, or of radish. Woods, especially birch. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 435. C. (Denno.) semisanguineus (Brig.) Maire. Eolland, Champ, t. 66, no. 146. Semi, half; sanguineus, bloody. P. 3-6 cm., tan, or tawny olivaceous, becoming paler, convex, then plane, silky. St. 3-6 cm. x 6-8 mm., paler tawny, or yellowish, equal, often slightly thickened at the base. Cortina tawny, fibrillose. Gills blood red, sinuato-adnate, broad, or narrow, crowded, thick. Flesh fuscous, becoming pale, thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4//.. Woods, and heaths under birches. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 436. C. (Denno.) cinnabarinus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 113. Kivvdfiapi, dragon's blood. P. 2-7-5 cm., scarlet-red, fleshy, campanulate, then flattened, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, silky, then becoming smooth and shining. St. 3-6 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, equal, sometimes bulbous, fibrillose, or striate. Cortina cinnabar colour, fibrillose, lax. Gills concolorous, dark blood colour when bruised, adnate, subdecurrent, subdistant, often connected by veins; edge unequal and darker. Flesh concolorous, then paler, firm. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-13 x 5-6/x, verrucose. Smell of radish. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 437. C. (Denno.) sanguineus (Wulf.) Fr. Grevillea, t. 110, fig. 5. Sanguineus, bloody. P. 2-5-5 cm., dark blood colour, becoming paler when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or slightly umbonate, sometimes de- pressed, shaggy, or squamulose. St. 5-10 cm. x 4r-6 mm., concolorous, or darker, equal, or slightly attenuated downwards, flexuose, clothed with concolorous fibrils, base sometimes white. Cortina blood red, arachnoid, fugacious. Gills concolorous, then rust colour, adnate, sinuate, crowded. Flesh reddish, paler, thin, pouring out a blood red juice when pressed. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /M, 1-guttulate, verrucose. Smell of radish, sometimes obsolete. Woods, especially of conifers. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) COBTINABIUS 165 438. C. (Dermo.) anthracinus Fr. avOpa%, coal. P. 2-3 cm., dark chestnut, or brown fuscous, often reddish rose colour at the margin, fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, fibrillose, becoming smooth. St. 4-5 cm. x 3-5 mm., intense blood colour, fus- cous, or yellow at the base, equal, fibrillose. Gills deep red, or fiery in colour, becoming blood red when bruised, then rust colour with the edge deep red, sinuato-adnate, crowded. Flesh concolorous (lilac according to Quelet), soft, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7 x 5/z, punctate. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 439. C. (Dermo.) cinnamomeus (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 777, t. 777. Kivvdfiwfjiov, cinnamon. P. 1-10 cm., somewhat cinnamon, or tawny ochraceous, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtusely umbonate, silky, or squamulose with innate fibrils, at length becoming smooth. St. 5-9 x -5-1 cm., 'i, equal, fibrillose. Cortina yellowish, fibrillose. Gills yellowish, then cinnamon, adnate, broad, thin, crowded, shining. Flesh yellowish, thin, scissile. Spores dark ochraceous, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 /A, 1-guttu- late, "faintly punctate" Kick. Coniferous, and deciduous woods. Aug. Feb. Common, (v.v.) var. croceus (Schaeff.) Fr. tcpotcos, saffron colour. Differs from the type in its smaller size, and its bright yellow st., and gills. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 440. C. (Dermo.) croceo-conus Fr. #poo9, saffron; /ez/o9, a cone. P. 3-5 cm., fulvous cinnamon, conical, then campanulate, per- sistently acute, almost glabrous. St. 712 cm. x 4 mm., yellowish, flexuose. Gills cinnamon, ascending, linear, crowded. Flesh very thin, 1mm. thick. Spores " elliptical, almost smooth, 8-9-5 x 5ju, " Kauffm. Subcaespitose. Amongst moss in coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 441. C. (Dermo.) uliginosus Berk. Cke. lUus. no. 781, t. 851. Uligo, marshy ground. P. 3-5 cm., bright red brown, almost brick-red, fleshy, campanulato- conical, then expanded, very strongly umbonate, silky, sometimes streaked. St. 3-8 cm. x 3-8 mm., paler than the p., flexuose. Gills yellow, becoming olive, then cinnamon, adnate with a tooth, distant. Flesh yellow-olive, then cinnamon, thick at the disc. Spores dark ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /M. Amongst Sphagnum in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 442. C. (Dermo.) orellanus Fr. non Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 776, t. 787, lower figs. 0/009, a mountain. P. 3-7 cm., orange tawny, fleshy, convex, then convexo-plane, more or less undulate, umbonate, covered with concolorous, or deeper coloured 166 CORTINABIUS fibrillose squamules. St. 2-59 cm. x 4-20 mm., tawny, equal, or attenuated upwards, striato-fibrillose, or smooth. Cortina tawny, fibrillose. Gills tawny, then rust colour, broadly adnato-sinuate, broad, thick, distant, often veined on the sides. Flesh concolorous, reddening, thin at the margin. Spores brownish ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 8-11 x 5-6 /i, 1-multi-guttulate, verrucose. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 443. C. (Denno.) malicorius Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 155, fig. 1. Malicorlum, the rind of a pomegranate. P. 3-6 cm., tawny, disc darker, golden, and floccose at the margin, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, velvety, or fibrillose. St. 4- 5 cm. x 12 mm., golden, at length fuscous, and olivaceous, covered with golden fibrils. Cortina golden, fibrillose. Gills golden tawny, rounded behind, adnexed, crowded, edge at length floccose and discoloured. Flesh yellow, then greenish olive, rather thick, scissile. Spores "ellip- tical, 8-9 x 4-5 /A, faintly punctate " Rick. Taste pleasant. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 444. C. (Denno.) infucatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 155, fig. 2. Infucatus, painted. P. 2-5-4 cm., bright yellow, fleshy, convex, obtuse, silky when dry. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., pale light yellow, equally attenuated upwards from the clavate base, fibrillose. Cortina yellow, fibrillose. Gills tawny, then cinnamon, adnate, almost linear, 2 mm. broad, crowded, thin. Flesh whitish. Spores "elliptical, 10 x 5 /A" Massee. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 445. C. (Denno.) colymbadinus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 155, fig. 3. K0\vfif3d<$, swimming. P. 5-8 cm., honey tan colour, becoming yellowish when dry, some- what fleshy, convex, then expanded, scarcely umbonate, often repand, covered with yellow, fugacious fibrils, then smooth, and shining. St. 5-10 cm. x 6-8 mm., pallid, equal, somewhat naked, fibrillosely- striate, sometimes twisted. Cortina almost none, very fugacious. Gills dark ferruginous, adnate, 4-8 mm. broad, subdistant, thick, edge white-floccose. Flesh pallid, darker at the base of the st., scissile. Spores "subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 p,, almost spinose" Rick. Smell very strong of radish. Pine, and beech woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. ****01ivaceous, veil dingy pallid, or fuscous. P. not torn into scales. 446. C. (Denno.) cotoneus Fr. KOTIVOS, the wild olive. P. 4-8 cm., olivaceous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, somewhat repand, innately velvety, fragile when old. St. 5-9 x 1- CORTINARIUS 167 1-5 cm., pale olivaceous, bulbous, somewhat fibrillose. Cortina yellow olivaceous, persistent, woven into a fuscous zone towards the apex of the st. Gills olivaceous, then cinnamon, adnate, separating, 4-6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh pale olivaceous, deeper coloured in the st., thin, lax, soft. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 8-9 x S/n, granular. Taste mild. Woods, especially oak. Sept. Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) 447. C. (Dermo.) subnotatus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 784, t. 832. Subnotatus, marked. P. 6-10 cm., olivaceous, becoming yellowish, then fuscous, fleshy, conical, campanulate, then expanded, gibbous, at first covered with hoary, silky fibrils, then smooth. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., pale olivaceous, conical, equally attenuated upwards, often curved and flexuose, fibrillose, or squamulose with the yellowish cortina, apex naked, silvery-shining. Cortina yellowish, fibrillose, inconspicuous. Gills bright ochraceous, then olivaceous cinnamon, adnate, 610 mm. broad, subdistant, often connected by veins. Flesh yellowish, very thin at the margin. Spores "elliptical, 6-8 x 5-6 p, granular" Massee. Smell of radishes or none. Beech woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 448. C. (Dermo.) raphanoides (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 786, t. 833, fig. A. pa(f)avi<;, a radish; etSo?, like. P. 2-5-5 cm., fuscous olivaceous, becoming tawny, fleshy, campanu- late, then expanded, obtusely umbonate, often undulate, silky fibrillose, then smooth. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., olivaceous, becoming pallid, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards from the somewhat thickened base, sometimes twisted, fibrillose. Cortina pallid olive, filamentous, often forming a narrow ring-like zone on the st. Gills subolivaceous, then cinnamon, and subferruginous, adnate, slightly ventricose, scarcely crowded, edge often paler. Flesh pallid, or ochraceous, thick at the disc, firm, then soft. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/n, granular. Smell strong of radish. Taste bitter. Beech, birch, and fir woods. Sept. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 449. C. (Dermo.) valgus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 785, t. 750. Valgus, bow-legged. P. 5-8 cm., yellowish fuscous, becoming paler, somewhat brick red when dry, fleshy, fragile, convex, then expanded and subumbonate, smooth; margin submembranaceous. St. 6-12 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, smooth, shining, attenuated upwards, often somewhat twisted, apex lilac and substriate; base white-tomentose, bulbous, rooting. Gills yellowish, then cinnamon, adnate, somewhat separating, 4-6 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 5/u,. Smell none, or of radish. Amongst moss in coniferous woods. Oct. Uncommon. 168 CORTINARIUS 450. C. (Dermo.) venetus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 155, fig. 4. Venetus, sea-coloured. P. 4-5 cm., green, then greenish yellow, yellowish when dry, fleshy, hemispherical, obtusely umbonate, covered with a persistent, erect, yellow, velvety tomentum. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, or paler, equal, often curved, firm, very fibrillosely silky, base often yellow and villous. Cortina green, or citron yellow, fibrillose. Gills olivaceous, darker than the p., then brownish, adnate, very broad, in the form of a segment, often connected by veins, subdistant. Flesh pale yellowish; or greenish yellow, thick at the disc, soft. Spores "olivaceous, elliptical, 10/1, echinulate " Bataille, "subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 /x, roughish" Rick. Smell of radish. Taste acrid. Beech, and fir woods. Aug. Oct. Rare. 5. Telamonia Fr. (re\afjicav, a broad linen bandage.) Pileus thinly fleshy, or abruptly thin at the margin, moist, hygro- phanous, smooth or sprinkled with superficial whitish fibres of the veil. Stem cortinate, and annulate, hence the veil is somewhat double. I. Gills very broad, rather thick, more or less distant. St. spongy, and wholly fibrous. *St. and cortina white, or whitish. 451. C. (Tela.) macropus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 787, t. 788. fjt,aicp6s, long; TTOV<?, a foot. P. 5-9 cm., brick colour, at length becoming ferruginous, paler at the margin, which is at first incurved, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, dry, hoary with very small squamules, becoming smooth. St. 7-5-15 x 1-2-5 cm., dingy whitish, then concolorous, subequal, fibrillose. Cortina white, forming a distant, inferior, narrow woven ring. Gills pallid, then watery cinnamon, adnexed, very broad, 1-2-5 cm., distant, edge sometimes crenate. Flesh whitish, then cinereous, thin at the margin, firm, then soft. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 5 /M, minutely punctate. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 452. C. (Tela.) laniger Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 156, fig. 2. Laniger, wool bearing. P. 5-9 cm., bright or dark tawny, sometimes becoming pale, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, at first floccosely squamulose with whitish fiocci, then becoming smooth, silky towards the margin. St. 510 x 24 cm., white, equal, or bulbous, sometimes ventricose, more or less distinctly sheathed by the veil. Cortina white, forming a very soft, shining white, distinct ring, very delicate above. Gills bright saffron cinnamon, then shining tawny, adnate, or sinuate, at first crowded, then subdistant, sometimes transversely veined. Flesh CORTINABITJS 169 white, reddish white in the st. at length becoming tawny at the base, thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 6/i, punctate. Smell strong. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Eare. (v.v.) 453. C. (Tela.) bivelus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 156, fig. 1. Bis, twice; velum, a veil. P. 5-12 cm., tawny ferruginous, often spotted, or darker at the disc, fleshy, convexo-plane, always obtuse, bibulous, smooth, or slightly silky round the margin, shining, rarely opaque, sometimes rivulose. St. 6-8 x 1-2 cm., dingy white, bulbous, or equally attenuated, fibril- losely villous. Cortina white, sheathing, terminating in a spurious and fugacious ring, thin and vanishing above. Grills ochraceous, then bright tawny cinnamon, adnate, or subemarginate, at first crowded, then subdistant. Flesh white, becoming somewhat ferruginous in the stem, thick, spongy in the stem. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, often pointed at the base, 9-10 x 6-7 /A, 1-2-guttulate, punctate, "almost smooth" Rick. Smell "strong," "pleasant" Quel. Taste mild. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 454. C. (Tela.) bulbosus (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 130. Bulbosus, bulbous. P. 5-7-5 cm., date brown, becoming fuscous brick colour when dry, fleshy, campanulato-expanded, obtuse, or broadly gibbous, even, ozfibril- losely squamulose towards the margin from the torn epidermis. St. 4-7-5 x 1-1-5 cm., paler than the p., becoming whitish, tinged saffron- yellow at the bulbous base, equal. Cortina white, sheathing, forming a fugacious ring. Gills dark, then brown-cinnamon, adnate, broad, sub- distant. Flesh concolorous and pallid when damp, whitish when dry, tinged with saffron-yellow at the base of the St., thick and compact at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6;u,, minutely verrucose. Smell none, or of radish. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncom- mon, (v.v.) 455. C. (Tela.) urbicus Fr. Grevillea, t. Ill, fig. 8. Urbicus, pertaining to the city. P. 3-5 cm., clay-whitish, fleshy, convexo-plane, smooth, pitted when larger. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 12-15 mm., concolorous, equal, villous above the ring when young. Cortina white, forming a narrow ring above the middle of the st. Gills watery ferruginous, emarginate, broad, thin, crowded. Flesh whitish, firm. Spores " ochraceous, pruniform, 8/i, punctate" Quel. Grassy places. Sept. Oct. Rare. 456. C. (Tela.) licinipes Fr. Licinium, lint; pes, foot. P. 5-7-5 cm., very pale yellow, tan pallid when dry, fleshy-membra- naceous, campanulate, then convex, and flattened, obtusely umbonate, 170 CORTINARIUS at length depressed round the umbo, smooth. St. 5-12 cm. x 6- 8 mm., pale white, at length fragile, equal, often flexuose, base white villous, clothed with shining, white, fugacious, fioccoso-plumose scales below the ring, even above. Cortina white, forming a distant, mem- branaceous ring. Gills watery cinnamon, adnate, very broad behind, up to 12 mm., somewhat crowded. Flesh watery white, thin. Fir woods, and Sphagnum swamps. Oct. Rare. var. robustior Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 792, t. 819. Robustior, firmer. Differs from the type in being larger and stouter. Spores 10 x 6-7 /z. Damp woods. Oct. Rare. 457. C. (Tela.) microcyclus Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 793, t. 865. pi/epos, small; KVK\OS, a ring. P. 2-3 cm., brick-red fuscous, disc darker, becoming paler and opaque when dry, almost membranaceous, plano-convex, minutely umbonate, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, then white, attenuated up- wards from the subbulbous base. Cortina white, forming a ring-like zone on the st. Gills lilac, then dark cinnamon, adnate, very broad, almost ovate, distant, thin. Flesh thin. Spores "reddish brown in the mass, elliptical, 5-7 x 4 /A " Herpell. Coniferous woods, and under trees. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. **St. and gills violaceous. Cortina commonly white-violaceous, universal veil white. Very distinguished. 458. C. (Tela.) torvus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 157, fig. 1. Torvus, wild. P. 4-12 cm., brick colour, date brown, copper brown, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, sprinkled with hoary squamules and fibrils, at length becoming smooth. St. 7-12 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, becoming dis- coloured, short and bulbous, then elongated and subequal, often curved, sheathed to the middle, and forming a white, membranaceous, persistent ring, fibrillose and floccosely scaly below the ring; apex pale violaceous, silky; base white villous. Cortina white, villous, then fibrillose. Gills violaceous, soon purplish umber, then dark cinnamon, subadnate, very broad, 6-12 mm., thick, distant, fragile, at length sometimes veined at the base. Flesh dingy, becoming whitish when dry, thick at the disc, firm. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 5-6/x, 1-guttulate, "warted" Rick. Smell "of camphor" Maire. Woods, especially beech. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 459. C. (Tela.) impennis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 157, fig. 2. In, not; penna, a feather. P. 5-10 cm., umber, then brick colour, decolouring and dingy, fleshy, convex, very obtuse, smooth; margin silky when young, at length cracked. St. 5-10 x 1-2-5 cm., pale, becoming violet at the apex, CORTINARIUS 171 I, scarcely bulbous, fibrillose, veil forming an incomplete white zone towards the apex. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills intense bright violaceous, somewhat purplish, soon becoming watery ferruginous, adnate, then emarginate, distant, rather thick. Flesh pallid, thick, becoming azure blue at the apex of the st. Spores ferruginous, 9-10 x 6/z, punctate. Woods, especially pine, and among dead leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. lucorum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1190, t. 1192, as a species. Lucus, a wood. Differs from the type in the unicolorous, clavato-bulbous stem, in the gills only being tinged with a fugacious violet, and in the firm dark watery flesh becoming isabelline when dry. Woods. Sept. Bare. 460. C. (Tela.) plumiger Fr. Grevillea, t. 112, fig. 1. Plumiger, feather-bearing. P. 6-9 cm., fuscous, somewhat olivaceous when moist, brick tan when dry, fleshy, conical, then campanulate, with a broad, obtuse, very pro- minent umbo, then expanded, often cracked, dry, clothed with dense, white, fioccoso-plumose scales, which are either erect and squarrose, or adpressed and silky. St. 7-5-10 x 1 cm., pale, then often tinged with citron yellow, very clavate, apex pubescent, floccosely scaly from the veil, which forms a ring-like zone at the apex. Cortina white, floccose. Gills violaceous, soon watery then pure cinnamon, adnate, scarcely crowded, broad; edge lilac, or clay colour, often denticulate. Flesh white, or lilac, then yellowish, thin, firm. Smell unpleasant, foetid. Spores ferru- ginous, almond-shaped, 13-15 x 7-8/>i, minutely echinulate. Coni- ferous, and mixed woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 461. C. (Tela.) scutulatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 158, fig. 2. Scutulatus, diamond- or lozenge-shaped. P. 2-5 cm., purple umber, or brick fuliginous, very hygrophanous, brick colour when dry, fleshy, ovato-globose, then campanulato-hemi- spherical, obtuse, sometimes umbonate, or umbilicate, white silky round the margin, then naked, rivulose in the form of innate squamules, sometimes lacunoso-wrinkled. St. 5-15 cm. x 4-12 mm., deep vio- laceous, at length becoming fuscous, cylindrical, or bulbous at the extreme base, white villous at the base, rigid, somewhat rooting, fibrillosely striate, veil sheathing and forming a white, narrow, mem- branaceous ring. Cortina white, floccose. Gills violaceous, then purple, at length cinnamon, adnate, rarely emarginate, 6 mm. broad, more or less distant, edge often white and serrate when young. Flesh violace- ous, firm, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4//,, 1-multi-guttulate, "slightly punctate" Rick. Smell "strong, of radish, or of violets " Quel. Woods, and moist places. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 172 CORTINARIUS 462. C. (Tela.) evernius Fr. Luc. Champ, t. 191. ev-epvrjs, flourishing. P. 3-10 cm., purple bay brown, brick colour when dry, becoming isabelline-hoary when old, very hygrophanous, fleshy, conico-campanu- late, then flattened, obsoletely umbonate, adpressedly silky, then smooth, at length rimosely incised, and torn into fibrils, fragile. St. 7-15 x 1-1-5 cm., violaceous, becoming pale, equal, or attenuated down- wards, substriate, squamulose and obsoletely zoned with the white veil. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills violaceous purple, becoming pale, then cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, very broad, 8-20 mm., distant. Flesh concolorous in the p., violaceous in the St., very thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 (JL, 1-2-guttulate, "faintly warted " Eick. Smell like mushrooms. Deciduous, and pine woods, and damp places. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 463. C. (Tela.) quadricolor (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 799, t. 867. Quadricolor, four coloured. P. 4-7-5 cm., pallid yellow, then somewhat tawny, shining when dry, fleshy, conical, then flattened, umbonate, smooth, at length spotted ; margin radiato-striate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., violaceous, becoming whitish, equal, flexuose, subrigid, fibrilloso-striate with the adpressed veil, which forms an oblique, fugacious, white ring. Cortina white, fibrillose. Gills dark violaceous, or purplish, then cinnamon, adnate, 6-8 mm. broad, distant, white- serrated at the edge. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5/t, multi-guttu- late, "nearly spinulose " Rick. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) ***St. and veil reddish or yellow. Gills tawny, or cinnamon, never violaceous, nor becoming brown. 464. C. (Tela.) armillatus Fr. (= Cortinarius haematochelis (Bull.) Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 158, fig. 1. Armillatus, having a bracelet. P. 4-12 cm., red- or fuscous-brick colour, fleshy, cylindrical, then campanulate, at length flattened, often gibbous, smooth, then innately fibrillose, or squamulose; margin at first incurved. St. 6-15 x 1-2 cm., white, becoming brownish with age, equal, base bulbous, the red veil forming one to four distant, oblique cinnabar zones, striate when old, and reddish fibrillose at the base. Cortina reddish white, fibrillose. Gills pallid cinnamon, then dark ferruginous, almost bay brown, adnate, slightly rounded, very broad, 10-15 mm., distant. Flesh dingy pallid, isabelline in the St., thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/x, multi-guttulate, minutely verrucose. Smell of radish, or none. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Common. (v.v.) COBTINARIUS 173 465. C. (Tela.) paragaudis Fr. Paragaudis, a border worked on a garment. P. 2-5-7-5 cm., bay, becoming tawny or yellowish tan colour when dry, fleshy, conical, then campanulate, and expanded, umbonate, often repand and torn on the surface, fragile. St. 7-15 x 1-1-5 cm., brick- red, becoming pale, reddish at the base, equal, or ventricose, curved and somewhat twisted, or undulate and flexuose, covered with reddish flocci, or squamules. Cortina whitish, fibrillose. Gills pale, then be- coming dark cinnamon, adnate, separating, ventricose, crowded, or subdistant, edge unequal. Flesh paler, thick at the disc. Spores "subelliptical, 8-10 x 4-5 /*, punctate" Rick. Damp places under pines. Sept. Oct. Rare. var. praestigiosus Fr. Praestigiosus, delusive. Differs from the type in the submembranaceous pileus being striate to the disc, in the thin stem, 2-3 mm. thick, and the tawny cinnamon, linear gills. Under pines, and amongst Scirpus caespitosus. Rare. 466. C. (Tela.) croceo-fulvus (DC.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1191, t. 1193. tcpo/cos, saffron ;fulvus, tawny. P. 510 cm., orange-tawny, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtusely umbonate, or gibbous, smooth. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-18 mm., yellow, becoming reddish, equal, veil forming a rufous orange zone, apex pale. Gills becoming ferruginous, adnate, slightly sinuate, 6-8 mm. broad, rather distant. Flesh bright yellow. Spores obovate, 8-10 x 6/i, rough. Woods. Sept. Rare. 467. C. (Tela.) limonius Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 159, fig. 1. Limonius, lemon-yellow. P. 5-10 cm., tawny lemon yellow, ochraceous yellow and opaque when dry, very hygrophanous, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth when moist, rimosely incised when dry. St. 6-8 cm. x 12 mm., yellow, equal, base attenuated or thickened, and at length deep saffron, fioccosely scaly with the light yellow veil, which often forms a floccose ring at the apex. Gills yellow, or light yellow, at length tawny cinnamon, adnate, rarely emarginate, distant. Flesh concolorous, soft. Spores golden tawny, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/n, minutely echinulate. Smell slight of radish, or none. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Tin common, (v.v.) 468. C. (Tela.) helvolus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 802, t. 804, fig. B. Helvolus, pale yellow. P. 3-7-5 cm., dark tawny cinnamon, very pale yellow when dry, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, smooth; margin incurved, at first cortinate. St. 5-20 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, at length fuscous ferruginous, equal, either attenuated upwards, or at the base, fibrillose, girt above with an annular, narrow, oblique, 174 COBTINABIUS ferruginous, margined zone formed by the woven veil. Gills tawny, then dark cinnamon, very emarginate, 8 mm. broad, distant, thick, often veined at the base, opaque. Flesh tawny, firm, fuscous ferruginous in the st. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/Lt, verrucose " Rick. Woods, and wooded pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 469. C. (Tela.) hinnuleus (Sow.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 803, t. 805. Hinnuleus, a young stag. P. 3-6 cm., pallid tawny cinnamon, becoming pale, shining when dry, fleshy, campanulato-expanded, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, some- times depressed at the disc, smooth ; margin at first silky and white. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 4-12 mm., dingy tawny, or fuscous, equal, or attenu- ated downwards, rigid, white-silky with the adpressed silky veil, and white-zoned above with the membranqceous, or fibrillose veil, which is often oblique, or fugacious. Gills ochraceous, then tawny ferruginous, more or less emarginato-adnexed, 8-10 mm. broad, distant, thin, often connected by veins. Flesh concolorous, often reddish in the st., thick at the disc, firm. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 6-7 /A, granular. Smell strong, slightly of radish, or none. Taste mild, then slightly acrid. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 470. C. (Tela.) gentilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 159, fig. 2. Gentilis, of the same race. P. 1-4 cm., tawny cinnamon, yellow when dry, very hygrophanous, fleshy, conico-expanded, then flattened, acutely umbonate, rimosely incised, often somewhat silky. St. 6-9 cm. x 2-8 mm., concolorous, equal, or attenuated at the base, often curved, fibrillose, veil forming one or more oblique, yellow annular zones, sometimes floccoso-scaly below the ring, base white tomentose. Gills yellow, then tawny cinna- mon, adnate, thick, very distant, often connected by veins. Flesh con- colorous, thin at the margin. Spores bright ochraceous, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 7-8 x 6/x, granular, 1-guttulate. Gregarious. Woods, especially pines, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 471. C. (Tela.) helvelloides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 159, fig. 3. Helvella, the genus Helvella; eZSo?, like. P. 1-3 cm., ferruginous, becoming tawny when dry, submembranaceous, convex, then flattened, umbonate, smooth, rarely fibrillose when young, substriate when moist, cracked and squarrose when more fully grown. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., subferruginous, equal, very undulate and flexuose, apex white silky and glittering, veil forming a yellow, ring-like zone at the apex. Gills violaceous umber, then ferruginous, adnate, rather broad, very thick, very distant, edge white-fioccose. Flesh ferruginous in the St., very thin at the disc. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 9-10 x 5-5-5/Lt, verrucose" Rick. Moist woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) COBTINARITJS 175 472. C. (Tela.) rubellus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 806, t. 835. Rubellus, reddish. P. 5-7-5 cm., rufous orange, darker at the umbo, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., pale above, darker below, equal, or attenuated upwards, marked with concentric, dark ferruginous, fibrillose bands. Gills pale, then bright ferruginous red, adnate, sinuate, rather narrow, scarcely crowded. Flesh reddish ochre, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, pyriform, 8 x 5/x,, minutely rough. Swampy places. Sept. Oct. Rare. ****St. becoming fuscous, veil fuscous, or dirty, gills dark coloured. 473. C. (Tela.) bovinus Fr. (= Cortinarius brunneus (Pers.) Fr. sec Bar- bier.) Cke. Illus. no. 807, t. 822. Bovinus, pertaining to oxen. P. 6-12 cm., watery cinnamon, becoming tawny when dry, convex, then plane, obtuse, or gibbous, smooth, fragile, opaque, hygrophanous. St. 6-8 x 2-2-5 cm., dingy pallid, becoming fuscous cinnamon, very bulbous, veil forming a simple, interwoven fuscous zone, apex whitish. Gills cinnamon, becoming dark, adnexed, very broad, 12 mm., distant. Flesh pallid, watery, thick at the disc, spongy in the st. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-13 x 6-7 /A, coarsely verrucose. Pine, and deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 474. C. (Tela.) nitrosus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 808, t. 837. Nitrosus, full of natron. P. 5-7-5 cm., fawn colour, or tawny, disc darker and brownish, fleshy, obtuse, convex, then expanded, margin undulate, soon breaking up into minute, subconcentric darker scales. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., ochraceous, base darker, subequal, marked below with concentric darker squamose bands. Gills violet, then watery cinnamon, emarginate, rather broad, subdistant. Flesh pale brown, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, ellip- tical, 12 x 4jLt. Smell stinking, nitrous. Mixed woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 475. C. (Tela.) brunneus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 810, t. 854. Brunneus, brown. P. 5-10 cm., umber, dirty brick tan colour when dry, fleshy, cam- panulate, then expanded, disc obtusely umbonate, smooth, innately fibrillose towards the margin. St. 6-10 cm. x 8-12 mm., becoming fuscous, clavate, or attenuated upwards from the thickened base, elastic, covered with dense, minute white striae, veil dingy white, forming a brownish white, ring-like zone. Gills dark purple cinnamon, then brown, at length umber brown, adnate, then adnexed, 10-15 mm. broad, thick, distant, often transversely veined, broadest in the middle. Flesh pallid fuscous, thick only at the umbonate disc. Spores ferruginous, 176 CORTINARIUS broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/i, minutely verrucose. Woods, heaths, and swampy places. Sept. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 476. C. (Tela.) injucundus (Weinm.) Fr. (= Cortinarius brunneus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Barbier.) Cke. Illus. no. 809, t. 823. Injucundus, unpleasant. P. 6-10 cm., fuscous cinnamon, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, fibrillose. St. 6-10 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, then tawny yellow, clavate, attenuated upwards, covered with fuscous fibrils, veil fuscous. Gills lilac tan, then cinnamon, emarginate, very broad, 8-10 mm. Flesh pale reddish, compact, firm. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, or pip- shaped, 10-11 x 5-6 p,, granular. Smell musty, or pleasant. Fir woods, and under conifers. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 477. C. (Tela.) brunneofulvus Fr. Brunneus, brown ;fulvus, tawny. P. 5-11 cm., tawny cinnamon, scarcely changing colour when dry, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, smooth, minutely fibrilloso-virgate with innate addressed hairs under a lens, margin at first white, fibrillose. St. 710 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, or paler, attenuated upwards, fibrillosely striate, veil dingy white, forming a fugacious zone. Gills tawny cinnamon, opaque, adnate, very broad, 12-20 mm., subdistant, soft. Flesh pale tawny, thin. Spores ferru- ginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4 5ju,, granular. Woods, heaths, and swampy places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 478. C. (Tela.) glandicolor Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 812, t. 789. Glans, acorn; color, colour. P. 2-5 cm., brown, or cinnamon-brown, tan colour or isabelline when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, generally obtusely umbonate, soon glabrous; margin striate when moist, sprinkled with thin, short, white fibrils when dry. St. 7-12-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., con- colorous, at length date brown fuscous, equal, straight, sometimes undu- late, fibrillosely striate, veil forming a woven, white, distant, fugacious ring. Gills concolorous, or umber, adnate, rounded in front, very dis- tant, somewhat thick, up to 8 mm. broad. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores "tawny, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6 /it, rough " Bataille. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. var. curtus Fr. Curtus, shortened. Differs from the type in the umbo of the p. becoming somewhat black, and in the short (2-5 cm.)flexuose st., peronate and zoned by the white veil. 479. C. (Tela.) punctatus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 813, t. 855. Punctatus, dotted. P. 1-2 cm., hoary umber, becoming pale, tan colour when dry, sub- membranaceous, conico-convex, umbo scarcely prominent, smooth, CORTINARIUS 177 at length punctate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellow fuscous, equal, undulated, fibrillose; girt with a pallid fuscous zone from the fugacious veil. Gills brown cinnamon, adnate, very distant. Flesh yellowish, thin, firm. Spores ochraceous, "elliptical, 10-12 x 7-Sfi, punctate- warted" Rick. Smell strong. Pine, and beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. II. Gills narrow, thin, more or less crowded. P. thin. St. externally more rigid, subcartilaginous, often attenuated downwards. *St. whitish, pallid, not floccosely scaly. 480. C. (Tela.) trifonnis Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 814, t. 790, as var. Schaefferi Fr. Triformis, three formed. P. 4-8 cm., fawn colour, brownish, or livid yellowish, then yellowish or honey colour, isabelline, or dingy tan when dry, very hygrophanous, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or slightly gibbous, superficially fibrillose, or becoming smooth, at length punctate-dotted, opaque. St. 7-5 cm. x 12 mm., pallid, subbulbous, fragile, rather smooth, ringed upwards with the woven veil, ring distant, white. Gills watery honey colour, then watery cinnamon, adnate, subemarginate, ventricose, 8 mm. broad, subdistant, often connected by veins. Flesh whitish, thin, spongy in the st. Spores ferruginous, " fusif orm-elliptical, 9- 10 x 4-5/x " Rick. Woods, especially beech. Oct. Uncommon. var. fusco-paUens Fr. Fuscus, dark; pollens, pale. Differs from the type in the fuscous, umbonate p. becoming pale, and in the narrow (2-4 mm.), watery white gills. Coniferous woods. var. melleo-pallens Fr. Melkus, honey colour; palkns, pale. Differs from the type in the moist, isabelline yellow p. becoming yellow, in the striate margin and the pallid yellowish, fragile st. Pine woods. 481. C. (Tela.) bifonnis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 815, t. 869. Biformis, two formed. P. 3-8 cm., dark, or ferruginous brown, pale date brown and shining when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate, at length expanded, acutely umbonate, firm, smooth, rarely covered with fuga- cious fibrils. St. 5-10 cm. x 68 mm., paler than the p., attenuated downwards, distinctly striate, adpressedly fibrillose, firm. Ring white, distinct, oblique, interwoven, sometimes obsolete. Gills grey, then watery cinnamon, adnate, or emarginate, attenuated behind, connected by veins, 6 mm. broad, rather crowded, edge often crenulate. Flesh brownish, becoming pale, very thin except at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4|u,, minutely punctate. Pine, and mixed woods. Oct. Rare. B. B. B. 12 178 CORTINABIUS 482. C. (Tela.) fallax Quel. Grevillea, t. 128, fig. 6. Fallax, deceptive. P. 1-1-5 cm., yellow, then cream ochraceous, campanulato-convex. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., whitish cream colour, flexuose, silky, lilac and satiny above the ring. Ring white, narrow, fugacious. Gills cream colour, then ochraceous, adnate, ventricose. Flesh white, thin. Spores straw colour, ovoid pruniform, 8/Lt, punctate. Woods. **St. inclining to violet. 483. C. (Tela.) periscelis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 816, t, 838. 7Tpi(TK\i<;, a garter. P. 2-5 cm., lilac, tawny at the disc, violaceous at the margin, fleshy, hygrophanous, campanulate, then convex, umbonate, submembra- naceous, covered with white silky fibrils. St. 7-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, becoming fuscous when dry, equal, straight, fibrillose, the fuscous veil forming several ^fibrillose zones, base white-villous. Gills pallid, then dark ferruginous, adnate, narrow, crowded. Flesh pale tawny, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8- 9 x 4-5/x, 1-2-guttulate. Woods, bogs, and under beeches. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 484. C. (Tela.) flexipes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 817, t. 824, fig. A. Flexus, bent; pes, foot. P. 1-3 cm., dark date-brown fuscous, or inclining to violaceous, be- coming pale, very pale yellow when dry, becoming tan when old, fleshy, at first conical and acute, then expanded and acutely umbonate, at length depressed round the umbo, hoary fibrillose, finally naked, torn when old. St. 6-10 cm. x 4 mm., pallid, violaceous throughout, or at the apex, equal, flexuose, fioccoso-scaly below the ring; ring white, woven, distinct. Gills purple, or umber violaceous, then cinnamon, adnate, subdistant, edge whitish. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores tawny, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4-5 /A, rough, 1-guttulate. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 485. C. (Tela.) flabellum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 817, t. 824, fig. B. Flabellum, a small fan. P. 1-5-3 cm., olivaceous fuscous, tan when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then flattened, generally acutely umbonate, at first covered with white, superficial, separating scales, silky when dry, at length rimosely incised, torn into fibrils. St. 5-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, becoming violet at the apex, equal, undulated, flexuose, fioccosely scaly, Veil white, inferior, giving rise to the scales on the stem, terminating in a ring which is sometimes perfect and entire, sometimes woven and oblique, and sometimes wanting. Gills dark violaceous, then cinnamon, and at length ferruginous, adnate, linear, narrow, crowded. Flesh paler, very thin. Spores "elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /u, minutely punctate" Rick. COBTINARIUS 179 Smell strong, somewhat of radish. Gregarious. Woods, especially beech, and damp places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. ***St. and p. tawny, ferruginous. 486. C. (Tela.) psammocephalus Fr. non Bull. Cke. Illus. no. 818, t. 839, fig. A. ^a//,yu,o<?, sand; K(j)a\^, head. Entirely tawny cinnamon, becoming pale and somewhat golden when dry. P. 2-5-5 cm., fleshy, convex, then plane, at length umbonate and revolute, broken up into minute furfuraceous squamules. St. 2-5- 5 cm. x 4-8 mm., somewhat attenuated downwards, sheathed with the continuous, squamulose veil. Cortina fibrillose. Gills at length darker, umber cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, 4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh concolorous, or yellowish, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6ju, 1-2-guttulate, minutely verrucose. Woods, and char- coal heaps. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 487. C. (Tela.) incisus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 160, fig. 1. Incisus, cut into. P. 1-3 cm., tawny ferruginous, opaque, more rarely date brown, or olivaceous fuscous, fleshy, conico-convex, then expanded, very acutely or obsoletely umbonate, naked, then, especially in dry weather, torn into fibrils, or scales, even and shining when scorched by the sun. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 2-6 mm., tawny or ochraceous, equal, flexuose, fibrillose, veil forming a woven, white ring, sometimes obsolete. Gills cinnamon- ferruginous, adnate, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/n, 1-guttulate, rough. Subcaespitose, or in troops. Woods, heaths, and dried up swamps. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 488. C. (Tela.) iliopodius Fr. tXv?, mud; TTOU?, foot. P. 2-5-5 cm., opaque cinnamon, tan when dry, fleshy, conical, then expanded, generally acutely umbonate, silky with hoary fibrils, then becoming smooth. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., tawny, becoming fus- cous, subcartilaginous, equal, flexuose, elastic, sheathed to the middle by the white veil which becomes even and silky, cortinately ringed where the sheathing ends, apex naked, fibrillosely striate. Gills cinna- mon, adnate, thin, somewhat crowded. Flesh of st. saffron cinnamon, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /x, with a large central gutta, punctate. Woods, especially pine and beech. July Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) ****St. floccosely scaly, and, as well as the p., fuscous. 489. C. (Tela.) hemitrichus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 820, t. 825. r)jj,t,, half; Opil;, hair. P. 2-5-8 cm., dark fuscous, fuscous tan when dry, umbo generally persistently dark, fleshy, convexo-expanded, acutely or obtusely 122 180 CORTINARITJS umbonate, or wholly obtuse, often umbilicate in large specimens, covered wholly, or only round the margin, with white, fibrillose, curled, erect, superficial fiocci, then becoming smooth. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, equal, firm, white fiocculose below the ring. Ring shining white, median, woven, often membranaceous and reflexed. Gills clay colour ("bluish clay" Quel.), then cinnamon, adnate, ventricose at the base, rounded, 6 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh concolorous, be- coming paler, thick at the disc. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5- 6fji, punctate. Taste mild. Woods, heaths, and boggy ground, especi- ally under birches. April Nov. Common, (v.v.) 490. C. (Tela.) stemmatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 160, fig. 3. arefifia, a wreath. P. 2-5 cm., date brown, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, fragile, hoary silky round the margin when moist, fibrillose when dry. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., ferruginous date brown, equal, or slightly attenuated at the base, often curved, soft, generally floccosely squamulose with two to four white ring-like zones, sometimes naked, apex paler, becoming silky even. Gills date brown, opaque, narrow, 4 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh ferruginous date brown, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 5-6/z, punctate. Moist woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 491. C. (Tela.) rigidus (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Urns. no. 822, t. 791. Rigidus, stiff. P. 1-4 cm., bay cinnamon, fuscous when decaying, pale yellow, or fuscous tan colour when dry, fleshy, conical, then convex, and expanded, acutely or obtusely umbonate, or quite obtuse, at length depressed round the umbo, smooth, becoming broken up into scales when fully grown, margin at length pellucidly striate, at first silky from the white veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-5 mm., concolorous, or becoming fuscous, or pale, equal, straight, or flexuose, adpressedly fibrillose, girt with the squamose, white veil. Ring white, floccose, sometimes membrana- ceous. Gills cream colour, then cinnamon, adnate, broad, plane, some- what crowded, often connected by veins. Flesh concolorous, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/u,, minutely punc- tate. Smell strong, taste mild. Woods, and heaths, especially under birches. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 492. C. (Tela.) paleaceus (Weinm.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 160, fig. 4. Paleaceus, chaffy. P. 1-3 cm., fuscous, dingy when dry, very hygrophanous, sub- membranaceous, conical, then expanded, acutely or obtusely umbo- nate, silky with white, superficial squamuks, the remains of the veil, becoming smooth, opaque. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, CORTINARIUS 181 paler when young, tough, equal, undulate, squamulose with white flocci, base white-villose. Ring white, fibrillosely floccose, fugacious. Gills pallid-whitish, then cinnamon, adnate, broad, crowded. Flesh con- colorous, very thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, broadly ellip- tical, 7-8 x 4-5 /u,, rough. Smell weak. Woods, especially beech, and birch, also on boggy heaths. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 493. C. (Tela.) penicillatus (Fr.) Quel. (= Cortinarius (Inoloma) peni- cillatus Fr.) Penicillatus, pencilled. P. 2-4 cm., ferruginous fuscous, tawny when dry, fleshy, convex, minutely umbonate, dry, densely fioccoso-scaly with dark, innate, ferru- ginous fibrils. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., paler than the p., equal, fragile, squamose to the apical ring with adpressed, fuscous, ferruginous, concentric scales, paler and adpressedly silky above the ring. Gills ochraceous, then cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, then separating, plane, 6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 5/i, minutely rough. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 494. C. (Tela.) Iris Massee. tpis, the rainbow. P. 2-3 cm., pale ochraceous brown, fleshy, hemispherical, then ex- panded, acutely umbonate, silky, densely covered with minute white fibrils, usually splitting at the margin. St. 5-7 cm. x 4 mm., orange brown, conical, covered with concolorous, pointed, fibrillose squamules below the bright brown, fibrillose ring, smooth, silky, and violet, becoming pale above the ring. Gills dirty ochraceous, then bright orange brown, very much cut out behind, slightly attached, moderately broad, rather crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores orange brown, ellip- tical, obliquely apiculate, 10 x 5/u,. Solitary or in clusters of two to four. Woods. Oct. Rare. 495. C. (Tela.) Cookei Quel. Cke. lUus. no. 821, t. 840, fig. B. M. C. Cooke, the eminent English mycologist. P. 1-2 cm., tawny yellow, conical, umbonate, fibrillose, covered with a paler, shining, woolly veil. St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, equal, flexuose, girt with several yellowish floccose zones. Gills violet, then reddish, at length rust colour, adnate, 2-3 mm. broad, edge of ten floccose, white. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7 x 3-5/Lt. Damp woods. Rare. 6. Hydrocybe Fr. (vSwp, water; KV^IJ, head.) Pileus thinly fleshy, rarely compact, moist, hygrophanous, smooth, or covered only with white, superficial fibrils. Stem not sheathed, cortina rarely forming an arachnoid ring. 182 CORTINARIUS I. P. somewhat fleshy, convex, or campanulato-convex, then ex- panded, obtuse, or at length gibbous; margin at first incurved. St. for the most part attenuated upwards. *St. white, cortina of the same colour. 496. C. (Hydro.) firmus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 824, t. 792. Firmus, firm. P. 4-8 cm., tawny ockraceous, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, firm, smooth, shining, dry. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., shining white, firm, somewhat elastic, base clavate, subbulbous, rarely equal, fibrillosely striate. Cortina white, fibrillose, sparse, fugacious. Gills almost con- colorous, emarginate, crowded, fairly broad, thin. Flesh white, thick, compact. Spores ferruginous, "tear-drop shaped, 9/z, minutely echinu- late " Quel. Smell of horse-radish. Woods, and grassy places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 497. C. (Hydro.) subferrugineus (Batsch) Fr. Sub, somewhat ; ferrugineus, rust-colour. P. 4-8 cm., ferruginous, or watery cinnamon, either tawny and shining when dry, or becoming pale, more or less hygrophanous, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, flexuose, firm. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, more or less bulbous, attenuated upwards, adpressedly fibril- lose, rigid, subcartilaginous. Cortina white, fibrillose, marginal, very fugacious. Gills pallid, soon watery, then dark ferruginous, opaque, very emarginate, often connected by veins, 6 mm. broad, more or less crowded. Flesh dingy isabelline white, saffron yellow at the base of the St., scissile, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4- 5 ft, 1-guttulate, "warted" Rick. Smell strong, taste unpleasant. Deciduous woods, and amongst rotting pine leaves. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 498. C. (Hydro.) armeniacus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 826, t. 793. Armeniacum, the apricot. P. 5-12 cm., tawny cinnamon, ochraceous when dry, fleshy, rigid, campanulate, then convex and flattened, broadly and obtusely umbo- nate, smooth, here and there slightly striate at the margin. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, conico-attenuated, fibrillose, subcartilaginous, rigid, elastic. Cortina white, somewhat sheathing, collapsing and form- ing an adpressed, silky zone. Gills pallid, then tawny cinnamon, shining, adnate, at length slightly rounded, rather broad, crowded. Flesh somewhat concolorous, thin at the margin, scissile. Spores ferru- ginous, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5/A, granular. Woods, especially pine. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. falsarius Fr. Falsarius, deceptive. Differs from the type in the light yellowish p. becoming white when dry. CORTINARIUS 183 499. C. (Hydro.) damascenus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 827, t. 856. Damascenus, a damson. P. 5-8 cm., bay cinnamon, disc often darker, becoming brick-red when dry, firm, convex, then plane, globose, obtuse, or very obtusely umbonate, smooth, generally rivulosely squamulose when dry. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, quite cylindrical, equal, firm, elastic, fibrillose. Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills pallid, then pale cinnamon, adnate, narrower in front, thin, subdistant, opaque. Flesh white, firm, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 12 x 6/A. Taste acrid. Subcaespitose. Grassy places in woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 500. C. (Hydro.) privignus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 828, t. 827. Privignus, a step-son. P. 4-6 cm.., fuscous, becoming hoary-pale with a very thin white film, pallid tan when dry, very fragile', fleshy, convex, then flattened, often reflexed and undulate, obtusely umbonate, dry, very hygrophanous. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., silvery-pale, equal, or attenuated upwards, often twisted, white-silky. Cortina white, silky. Gills watery, then opaque cinnamon, adnate, broad, not crowded, edge white-fimbriate, serrate. Flesh white, hygrophanous, thin at the margin, fragile. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 4-5ju, punctate, 1-guttulate. Smell unpleasant. Taste scarcely acrid. Pine, and oak woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 501. C. (Hydro.) duracinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 829, t. 809. Duracinus, hard-berried. P. 47 cm., watery brick colour, tan when dry, always opaque, fleshy, campanulate, or convex, then plane, gibbous, or with a broad, obtuse umbo, with an elevated ridge at the circumference, caused by the margin being at first sharply and regularly bent inwards to the breadth of 1 mm. and white-silky, then becoming flattened and naked; cuticle hard, rigid, fragile. St. 5-8 x 1-1 -5 cm., pale white, hard, fusiform, or subbulbous, rooting at the attenuated base, smooth, rigid, with a thick, cartilaginous, rigid, separable cuticle (the fragments of which when it breaks up become revolute). Cortina white, appearing only as a nar- row zone round the margin of the p. Gills whitish, then watery cinna- mon, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad, moderately crowded; edge often white, irregular. Flesh white, then tinged reddish, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, " elliptical- almond-shaped, 10-11x5-6/4, punctate" Rick. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 502. C. (Hydro.) ffluminus Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 830, t. 841. Illuminus, dull. P. 48 cm., pale brick-red, or tawny cinnamon, brick-red tan when dry, somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, gibbous, or obtusely umbonate 184 CORTINABITJS smooth, minutely innato-fibrillose and virgate under a lens, moist. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., pallid, becoming ferruginous or yellowish, attenuated upwards, sometimes twisted, fibrillosely silky, base white. Cortina white, fibrillose, evident. Gills pale reddish tan, then cinnamon, adnate, scarcely crowded, 4-10 mm. broad, often veined at the base. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores "ferruginous, subelliptical, 9-10 x 4-5/i, punctate " Rick. Pine, and deciduous woods. Sept. Uncommon. 503. C. (Hydro.) tortuosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 161, fig. 1. Tortuosus, twisted. P. 3-7-5 cm., ferruginous bay, somewhat shining, dull ochraceous when dry, submembranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, acutely or obtusely umbonate, convex, or revolute, smooth, moist. St. 7- 10 cm. x 6-8 mm., silvery, becoming pale, apex at first tinged with fugacious lilac, fragile, equal, generally twisted, naked, rooting. Gills shining tawny, then ferruginous, becoming blood red when rubbed, adnate, separating, 4-8 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, thin, fragile. Spores ferruginous, " subelliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 /A, spinu- lose " Rick. Damp places in pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 504. C. (Hydro.) dilutus (Pers.) Fr. GreviUea, t. 85, fig. 2. Dilutus, diluted. P. 4-5 cm., bay brown, or watery brick colour, tan colour when dry, opaque, fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, umbo thin, vanishing, silky and white at the margin, becoming smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish, opaque, slightly attenuated from the base, white-silky, becoming smooth. Cortina white, silky, often col- lapsing into patches, or forming spurious zones on the st. Gills ochra- ceous, then pale cinnamon, deeply emarginate, very ventricose, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, becoming reddish, thin at the margin. Spores brownish, "subglobose, 5-6 x 5/z, punctate " Rick. Decidu- ous woods. Nov. Rare. **St. and gills commonly inclining to violet. 505. C. (Hydro.) saturninus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 161, fig. 2. Saturninus, dull. P. 5-12 cm., dark bay-brown, somewhat umber when damp, soon becoming pale brick colour, changing colour very much, fleshy, cam- panulate, then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, superficially white, silky round the margin when young. St. 5-8 x 1-2-5 cm., deep violet, becoming white, firm, thickened downwards, sometimes bulboso- ventri- cose, fibrittosely striate. Cortina white, fibrillose, inferior, abundant. Gills purplish, then watery ferruginous, rounded-adfixed, very broad, 8 mm., crowded, thin, fragile, edge often whitefloccose. Flesh violaceous, CORTINARIUS 185 then whitish, thin at the margin. Spores yellowish ferruginous, "almond shaped, 10-12 x 5-6 /A, punctate" Rick. Often subcaespi- tose. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 506. C. (Hydro.) sciophyllus Fr. (= Cortinarius saturninus Fr. var. sciophyllus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 161, fig. 3. <TKid, shade; <fjv\\ov, leaf. P. 2-5 cm., dark sky blue fuscous, or steel blue, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, at first white silky round the margin from the veil. St. 5-7 x 1 cm., violaceous, becoming ferruginous at the base, attenuated upwards from the thickened base. Cortina white, very abundant, collapsing and leaving many, Telamonia-like, white zones on the st. Gills dark umber, adnate, narrow, 1-2 mm. broad, attenuated from the st. to the margin, crowded. Flesh pale umber, thick at the disc. Spores "ochraceous, elliptical, or subglobose, 8-9 x 6-8/1,, granular " Bataille. Smell somewhat strong. Gregarious, or sub- caespitose. Beech woods. Oct. Uncommon. 507. C. (Hydro.) imbutus Fr. (= Cortinarius bicolor Cke. sec. Bataille.) Cke. Illus. no. 834, t. 870. Imbutus, saturated. P. 510 cm., toast brown, then pale yellowish, fleshy, convex, obtuse, smooth, obsoletely hoary-fibrillose towards the margin. St. 4-7 x 1- 2 cm., whitish, equal, sometimes twisted, scarcely fibrillose, apex pale violaceous. Cortina white, appendiculate at the margin of the p. and on the apex of the st., fugacious. Gills dark bluish grey, or violaceous cinereous, then watery cinnamon, rounded, 6 mm. broad, with narrower and shorter ones intermixed, subdistant. Flesh dingy, violaceous only at the apex of the st., subequal. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/z. Woods. Sept. Uncommon. 508. C. (Hydro.) castaneus (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 117. Kaaravov, the chestnut tree. P. 2-5 cm., fuscous chestnut, becoming pale and silky when dry, shining, umbo becoming black, paler at the slightly scalloped margin, and often white silky with the cortina, fleshy, firm, almost pliant, campanulate, then flattened, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, rarely umbilicate, often irregular, smooth. St. 4-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid violaceous, or pallid rufescent, subequal, rarely thickened at the base and rooting, cartilaginous, slightly fibrillose with the veil. Cortina white, fibrillose, scanty. Gills violaceous, then ferruginous, adnate, or emarginate, 4-6 mm. broad, thin, crowded, edge often whitish. Flesh violaceous, darker under the cuticle of the p., thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/x,, minutely verrucose. Taste pleasant. Edible. Gregarious, sometimes caespitose. Woods, pastures, and roadsides. June Nov. Common, (v.v.) 186 COBTINABIUS 509. C. (Hydro.) bicolor Cke. (= Cortinarius imbutus Fr. sec. Bataille.) Cke. Illus. no. 836, t. 871. Bicolor, two coloured. P. 2-5 cm., dingy whitish, with an occasional tinge of lilac, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, broadly or acutely umbonate, some- what fragile, smooth, silky shining. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-10 mm., pallid violet, becoming whitish, equal, or attenuated downwards. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills purplish violet, then cinnamon, adnate with a tooth, subventricose, rather broad, scarcely crowded, slightly eroded at the edge. Flesh colour of the pileus, or paler, bright purplish at the base of the St., pallid above, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, a little attenuated towards one or both ends, 9-15 x 5-7 p., minutely verru- cose. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) ***St. and somewhat obsolete veil yellow or rufous. 510. C. (Hydro.) balaustinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 837, t. 794. /3a\avcmov, the flower of the wild pomegranate. P. 3-8 cm., reddish ferruginous, tawny brick-red and shining when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, moist, fibrillosely virgate under a lens. St. 58 cm. x 10-12 mm., pale and streaked with red when young, becoming ferruginous, often curved, clavately bulbous, or attenuated upwards, firm. Cortina reddish. Gills reddish, then ferru- ginous red, adnate, broad behind, somewhat crowded, at length sub- distant. Flesh ferruginous in the st., thin. Spores ferruginous, "sub- 6-7 x 5-6/n, punctate " Kick. Beech woods. Oct. Un- 511. C. (Hydro.) colus Fr. Paulet, t. 99. Colus, distaff. P. 2-5-5 cm., brown rufescent, paler brick colour and shining when dry, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate. St. 8-10 cm. x 4 mm., paler than the p., subbulbous, equally attenuated upwards, base encircled with the blood red mycelium, sometimes rooting, stiff, longitudinally fbrillose with fibrils of the same colour as the p. Cortina tawny reddish, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills pale, then dark cinna- mon, adnate, scarcely sinuate, 6 mm. broad, plane, firm, tough, rather thick, scarcely crowded, veined at the base. Flesh concolorous, dingy whitish when dry, thin. Spores ochrey-cinnamon, "dark under the microscope, 9-10 x 5-6/*, almost spinulose, cystidia on edge of gill vesiculose, 25-36 x 12-15ju, " Rick. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 512. C. (Hydro.) isabellinus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 839, t. 829. Isabellinus, dirty linen colour. P. 3-5 cm., yellowish, honey colour, yellow and shining when dry, fleshy, convex, subumbonate, smooth. St. 710 cm. x 8 mm., yellow- ish, equal, very rigid, firm, striate. Cortina concolorous, sparse, very CORTINARIUS 187 fugacious. Gills yellow, then day cinnamon, adnate, broad, thin, sub- distant, edge often yellowish. Flesh cream colour, firm. Spores "ellip- tical, 7-9 x 4-5/A, rough " Bataille. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 513. C. (Hydro.) renidens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 162, fig. 1. Renidens, glistening. P. 2-5 cm., ferruginous tawny, ochraceous when dry, or only becoming pale at the disc, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, or gibbous, rarely umbilicate, very smooth, shining. St. 4-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., pale yellowish, then tawny, firm, equal, subcartilaginous, splitting up into fibrils of the same colour as the p. Cortina yellow, laxly fibrillose, fugacious. Gills pallid cinnamon, then tawny, adnate, separating free, 6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh paler, thin, scissile. Spores dark ochraceous, "subglobose, 6-7 x 6/A, minutely warted " Rick. Smell weak. Deciduous woods. Sept. Uncommon. 514. C. (Hydro.) angulosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 162, fig. 2. Angulosus, full of corners. P. 48 cm., reddish tawny, somewhat variegated with darker spots, opaque tawny yellow when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, very obtuse, repand, hygrophanous, fragile, very smooth ; margin membranaceous, splitting, flexuose. St. 3-7 cm. x 4-8 mm., somewhat tawny, firm, equal, often twisted, striate. Cortina tawny, very fugacious. Gills tawny, adnate, 6-8 mm. broad, thick, subdistant, fragile. Flesh yellow- ish white, darker in the St., thin, firm. Spores ferruginous, "roundish- elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/4, minutely warted " Rick. Coniferous woods. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. var. gracilescens Fr. Gracilescens, becoming slender. Differs from the type in the st. being attenuated at the base. Pine woods. ****St. inclining to fuscous ; cortina pallid, dirty, or white, not yellow, gills dark. 515. C. (Hydro.) uraceus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 162, fig. 3. Uro, I burn. P. 25 cm., umber, or brown, sometimes olivaceous, somewhat shining, becoming brick colour when young, commonly tan or isabelline when dry, fleshy, conical, then campanulate and expanded, umbonate, or ob- tuse, smooth often becoming subfibrillose. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., fuscous, sometimes olivaceous, apex becoming pale, at length becoming entirely fuscous black, cylindrical, quite equal, firm, fibrillosely striate with paler striae, becoming smooth, apex naked. Cortina fuscous, superior, fibrillose, rarely noticeable. Gills cinnamon brown, adnate, ventricose, 6mm. broad, distant, firm; edge sometimes white and 188 CORTINARIUS fimbriately serrated. Flesh fuscous, darker in the St., thin. Spores ferruginous, "subelliptical, 12-18 x 7-9jn, verrucose," Rick. Coni- ferous woods. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 516. C. (Hydro.) jubarinus Fr. Jubar, radiance. P. 3-7-5 cm., bright tawny cinnamon, shining, fleshy, campanulato- flattened, obsoletely umbonate, often repand, undulate, at length reflexed, disc depressed when large and old, smooth, becoming innately fibrillose under a lens when old, silky round the margin when young. St. 5-6 cm. x 4-12 mm., pale tawny, paler at the base and naked at the apex, firm, equ.&l,fibrillosely striate. Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, 26 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh pale tawny in the St., thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 78 x 4-5/i. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 517. C. (Hydro.) irregularis Fr. Irregularis, irregular. P. 3-7-5 cm., brown ferruginous, tawny ferruginous when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, acutely umbonate, repand, at length depressed round the umbo, dry, smooth, sometimes deformed, undulate, and rugose, white silky round the membranaceous margin when young. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., brick-red, equal, rigid, longitudinally fibril- losely striate, sometimes twisted, and attenuated downwards. Cor- tina white, silky, sparse, sometimes peronate at the base of the st. Gills watery, then dark ferruginous, adnate with a decurrent tooth, or arcuato-decurrent, 4-8 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh pallid, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, "almond-shaped-elliptical, 8-10 x 5 6/i, almost spinulose " Rick. Caespitose. Coniferous woods. Rare. 518. C. (Hydro.) pateriformis Fr. Patera, a saucer ; forma, shape. P. 2-4 cm., fuscous chestnut, fleshy, orbicular, plane, then depressed, very obtuse, rigid, dry, smooth, at first white silky round the margin. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., silvery white, becoming fuscous, firm, equal, or attenuated at the base, straight, fibrillose, base white villose. Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills brick-red, or watery cinnamon, adnate with a decurrent tooth, plano-convex thin, crowded. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores brownish ferruginous, elliptical, 9 x 4-5/z,, with a large central gutta, "minutely warted " Rick. Grassy places in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 519. C. (Hydro.) unimodus Britz. Unimodus, uniform. P. 4-7 cm., reddish brown, campanulate, then convex, umbonate, fibrillose. St. 8-11 cm. x 6 mm., concolorous, thickened at the base, fibrillose. Gills brown, emarginato-adnate, distant. Spores "pruni- form, 10-12 x 8/n, rough" Bataille. Woods, and grassy places. Sept. Oct. Rare. CORTINABIUS 189 II. P. submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, umbonate, umbo acute, or more rarely obtuse and vanishing; margin at first straight. St. subequal, or attenuated at the base. *St. white. 520. C. (Hydro.) dolabratus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 845, t. 811. Dolabra, a pick-axe. P. 5-10 cm., brick-red, tan colour when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, fragile, campanulate, then convex and expanded, smooth, superficially silky near the margin. St. 10-15 x 1-2 cm., shining white, quite equal, cylindrical, often curved, smooth. Cortina very fugacious. Gills tawny cinnamon, entirely adnate, with a decurrent tooth, widest behind, 10-25 mm., very broad, somewhat thick, distant. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores ochraceous, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x ?//,. Smell strong, stinking. Coniferous woods, and amongst Vaccinium. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 521. C. (Hydro.) rigens (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 846, t. 812. Rigens, rigid. P. 2-5-6 cm., opaque tan clay colour, whitish tan when dry, fleshy, campanulate, lax, then convex, obtuse, or broadly gibbous, smooth, firm. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-10 mm., pale, white whendry, equal, sometimes thickened upwards, sometimes downwards, sometimes fusiform, root- ing, tough, elastic, rigid, cortex very cartilaginous, naked, smooth. Cortina scarcely evident. Gills watery clay colour, then pallid, cinna- mon, adnate, subdecurrent, very broad, 6-10 mm., distant, often veined on the sides. Flesh white, thick, somewhat firm. Spores ferruginous, pruniform, 7-5-9 x 5-5-5/x,, granular. Smell strong, like iodoform, or balsam. Taste mild, then unpleasant. Woods, especially coniferous woods. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 522. C. (Hydro.) fulvescens Fr. GreviUea, t. 116, fig. 2. Fulvescens, becoming tawny. P. 23 cm., cinnamon, brick-red when dry, prominent umbo darker, submembranaceous, conical, soon convexo-plane, often acutely umbo- nate, shining, at length fibrillose ; margin cortinate, at length striate. St. 6-8 cm. x 3-6 mm., becoming pale, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, soft, flexuose, smooth. Cortina concolorous, distinct. Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, plane, subdistant, thin. Flesh white, thin. Spores ferruginous, "almond shaped, minutely echinulate, 12//. " Quel. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 523. C. (Hydro.) Krombholzii Fr. (= Cortinarius leucopus (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 847, t. 813. J. V. Krombholz. P. 2-5-5 cm., pale yellowish tan, disc darker, fleshy, conico-cam- panulate, then gibbous, smooth; margin appendiculate with the 190 CORTINARIUS menibranaceous veil. St. 7-12 cm. x 6 mm., whitish, equal, slightly swollen at the base, naked. Veil white, menibranaceous, fugacious. Gills ferruginous, edge yellowish, rounded behind, slightly adnexed, 6 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores "ferruginous, ellip- tical, 8 x 4-5/z " Massee. Amongst moss, often caespitose. Rare. 524. C. (Hydro.) Reedir Berk. Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 45. Miss F. Reed, sister of Mrs Hussey. P. 2-3 cm., persistently brown, fleshy, conical, then expanded, strongly umbonate, smooth, shining, disc areolate; margin splitting. St. 4-5 cm. x 4 mm., white, slightly bulbous, fibrillosely striate. Veil fibrillose, evanescent. Gills white, or pallid, then cinnamon, ascending, attenuated behind, free, ventricose broad. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores "7-8 x 4/n" Massee. Amongst moss, and beech mast. May. Rare. 525. C. (Hydro.) leucopus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 848, t. 843, fig. B. XevKOTrovs, white footed. P. 2-3 cm., very pale yellow, tan colour and shining when dry, fleshy, conical, then expanded, umbonate, smooth, moist. St. 2-55 cm. x 4 8 mm., shining white, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, soft. Cortina white, median. Gills pallid, then cinnamon, adnexed, separating, ventricose, crowded, thin. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/x,, granular, "spiny " Rick. Woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 526. C. (Hydro.) scandens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 163, fig. 1. Scandens, climbing. P. 1-3 cm., tawny ferruginous, then honey colour, tan colour when dry, umbo becoming tawny, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate, acutely or obtusely umbonate, umbo sometimes obsolete; margin slightly striate. St. 6-10 cm. x 4 mm., yellowish, shining whitish when dry, thickened at the apex, attenuated at the white base, awl-shaped, fiexuose, soft, fibrillosely silky, apex often mealy. Cortina white, su- perior, thin, fibrillose. Gills yellowish, then tawny cinnamon, adnate, narrow, 2-4 mm. broad, attenuated in front, thin, subdistant. Flesh yellowish, thick at the umbo. Spores yellow, "elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /M, minutely warted" Rick. Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) **St. inclining to violet, or reddish. 527. C. (Hydro.) erythrinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 850, t. 798, fig. A. epv8po<f, red. P. 2-5-4 cm., bay brown rufous, tawny when dry, fleshy, conical, then convex, regular, umbonate, the obtuse or obsolete umbo darker, smooth. St. 4-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., shining silvery white, violaceous upwards, equal, rarely thickened at the base, straight, or ascending, fibrillosely CORTINARIUS 191 striate, apex often pruinose. Cortina white, superior, fibrillose. Gills pallid, then pale cinnamon, slightly adnexed, ventricose, thin, sub- distant. Flesh concolorous when moist, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 6 x 4-5 ju, 1-guttulate, "almost spinulose " Rick. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. argyropus Fr. apyvpo-Trovs, with silver feet. Differs from the type in being more slender, and in the silvery stem white mealy at the apex. 528. C. (Hydro.) decipiens (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 850, t. 798, fig. B. Decipiens, deceiving. P. 2-3 cm., bay brown, shining and brick colour when dry, umbo always darker, fleshy membranaceous, campanulato-expanded, acutely umbonate, at length depressed round the umbo, smooth; margin at length striate and torn. St. 5-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, pale rufescent, or with brick coloured spots, quite equal, tense and straight, or flexuose, fibrillose, covered with a pallid separable cuticle. Cortina white, fibrillose, very fugacious. Gills brick colour ferruginous, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad, thin, more or less crowded. Flesh pale, brick colour in the St., thin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9 x 5/z, granular. Woods. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. insignis Fr. Insignis, distinguished. Differs from the type in the paler p., flexuose, smooth St., and in the less crowded gills. 529. C. (Hydro.) germanus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 851, t. 844. Germanus, born of the same parents. P. 2-3 cm., fuscous, clay colour when dry, very hygrophanous, opaque, submembranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate when ex- panded, fragile, somewhat silky with white fibrils. St. 6-8 cm. x 2 6 mm., silvery pale, somewhat lilac, equal, often twisted, smooth. Cortina white, fibrillose, fugacious. Gills watery cinnamon, adnate, broad, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, then whitish, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Smell disagreeable. Beech, and pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 530. C. (Hydro.) ianthipes (Seer.) Fr. Grevillea, t. 113, fig. 7. Idvdivos, coloured violet; pes, foot. P. 1-2 cm., brown, or tawny, fleshy, somewhat firm, conical, then convexo-plane, obtusely umbonate, silky, shining; margin silky white, or becoming yellowish. St. 2-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., violaceous, becoming reddish downwards, equal, somewhat fragile and flexuose, shining, silky, base white villose. Ring white, silky, floccose. Cortina tawny, fugacious. Gills whitish, then greyish olivaceous, "lilac, then brownish 192 CORTINARIUS violet " Quel., slightly adnexed, somewhat crowded. Flesh reddish, thin. Spores ferruginous, "pruniform, 8/x " Quel. Woods. Sept. Rare. ***St. yellowish, generally becoming pale. 531. C. (Hydro.) detonsus Fr. Detonsus, sheared off. P. 2-5-5 cm., bright yellowish, tan colour when dry, submembrana- ceous, conical, then expanded, subumbonate, striate to the middle when moist, slightly silky when dry, fragile. St. 58 cm. x 4 mm., yellowish, equal, or attenuated upwards, soft, smooth. Gills bright yellowish, then brick cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4 /z, minutely verru- cose " Rick. Amongst moss in woods. Sept. Rare. 532. C. (Hydro.) obtusus Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 163, fig. 3. Obtusus, obtuse. P. 1-4 cm., bay brown, ferruginous, soon cinnamon, pale ochraceous, or tan whitish when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then campanu- late, at length expanded and obtusely umbonate, smooth; margin striate. St. 510 cm. x 48 mm., tan yellowish, becoming whitish when dry, ventricose, curved, flexuose, often attenuated at the base, fragile, sprinkled with adpressed, white, silky fibrils. Cortina white, very fuga- cious. Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, very broad, rather thick, subdistant, the shorter ones narrower, connected by veins, edge often white-fringed. Flesh yellowish, or reddish, thick at the disc. Spores brownish ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-5-6/1,, verrucose. Smell strong. Woods, especially pine. April Nov. Not uncommon. (v.v.) var. gracilis Quel. Grevillea, t. 129, fig. 1. Gracilis, slender. Differs from the type in the pale yellow p. 533. C. (Hydro.) saniosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 163, fig. 2. Saniosus, full of bloody matter. P. 1-3 cm., tawny cinnamon, fuscous tawny, or cinnamon, becoming tawny and shining when dry, slightly hygrophanous, fleshy, campanu- late, then expanded, acutely, or obtusely umbonate, smooth, "covered with yellow fibrils" Quel.; margin fibrillosely torn. St. 3-6 cm. x 3- 4 mm., dingy yellow, becoming yellow, rarely tawny or fuscous, equal, firm, somewhat curved, flexuose, covered with the yellow fibrils of the cortina, or fibrillosely silky, sometimes becoming saffron red at the base. Coitin&yellow,fibrillose. Gills pale, then dark cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, somewhat crowded, or subdistant. Flesh concolorous, sometimes becoming yellow in the st., thin. Spores ferruginous, "nearly almond-shaped, 9-10 x 4-5/u,, verrucose " Rick. Smell strong. Woods, pastures and swamps. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. CORTINABIUS 193 534. C. (Hydro.) acutus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 852, t. 845, fig. B. Acutus, pointed. P. 1-3 cm., honey colour to very pale yellow, somewhat shining, tan, or white when dry, with a silky appearance, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate and expanded, acutely umbonate and concolorous, at length depressed round the umbo, striate when moist', margin at first obsoletely fibrillose, then smooth. St. 4-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., con- colorous, equal, flexuose, white fibrillose, then smooth. Cortina white, fibrillose, adhering to the margin of the p. Gills ochraceous cinnamon, adnate, sometimes free, lanceolate, thin, crowded, becoming sub- distant. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-11 x 6jn, 1-guttulate. Woods and heaths. Aug. Nov. Common. (v.v.) ****St. inclining to fuscous. 535. C. (Hydro.) Junghuhnii Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 853, t. 846, fig. A. Francis Junghuhn. P. 2-3 cm., shining cinnamon, tawny when dry, fleshy, convexo- plane, umbonate with a papilla, striate to the middle when moist, some- what velvety with thin, sparse, white, persistent fibrils under a lens. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-5 mm., pale brick colour, equal, or attenuated at the whitish base, shining, adpressedly fuscous fibrillose. Cortina white, inclining to fuscous, sparse. Gills saffron brick colour, adnate, ventri- cose, 4 mm. broad, thin, veined at the base. Flesh of stem darker brick colour, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 7-8 x 6 /A, verrucose " Rick. Woods amongst moss. Aug. Rare. 536 C. (Hydro.) depressus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 163, fig. 4. P. 5-8 cm., ferruginous fuscous, fuscous tan when dry, fleshy-mem- branaceous, conico-convex, obtusely umbonate, at length almost plane and depressed round the umbo, superficially silky at first; margin striate when moist. St. 3-5 cm. x 4 mm., reddish, at length becoming blackish, base becoming fuscous, equal, or attenuated downwards, rigid, subcartilaginous, white silky, then smooth. Cortina scarcely any. Gills saffron, becoming yellowish, then ferruginous, adnate, broad, plane, thin, more or less crowded. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Smell faint, of fish, or cucumber. Damp places in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 537. C. (Hydro.) milvinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 853, t. 846, fig. B. Milvinus, pertaining to the kite. P. 1-3 cm., olivaceous fawn colour, hoary tan and opaque when dry, membranaceous, conical, then convex, obtusely or obsoletely umbo- nate, striate to the middle when full grown and beautifully wreathed with white squamules at the margin, somewhat silky when dry. St. B. B. B. 13 194 CORTINABIUS. INOCYBE 5-8 cm. x 4 mm., pallid fuscous, equal, curved, silky, spotted with the white cortina. Veil obsolete except at the margin of the p. Gills olivaceous, becoming ferruginous, adnate, scarcely ventricose, very thin, subdistant, connected by veins. Flesh concolorous, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 /x, verrucose" Rick. Smell strong. Woods. Oct. Uncommon. 538. C. (Hydro.) fasciatus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 855, t. 814. Fasciatus, arranged in bundles. P. 2-4 cm., brick colour, acute umbo blackish, becoming pale and silky when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, acutely umbonate, smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid fuscous, then cinna- mon fuscous, equal, straight, flexuose, undulate, fibrillosely fissile, smooth. Gills cinnamon, adnate, subventricose, 3 mm. broad, thin, distant. Flesh concolorous, slightly fleshy at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/z,, with a large central gutta, punctate. Pine woods, and under pines. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 2. Veil concrete with the epidermis of the pileus. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, elliptical, smooth. Inocybe Fr. (19, fibre; fcvftij, head.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Veil marginal, fugacious. Stem fleshy, cen- tral. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, olivaceous, or fuscous, elliptical, elliptic-oblong, pip- shaped, or subreniform, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent, ven- tricose, clavate, fusiform, or cylindrical. Growing on the ground. I. Cystidia present. *Stem whitish, or pallid. fGills brownish, ochraceous, or cinnamon. 539. I. scabra (Mull.) Fr. (= Inocybe capucina Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 413, t. 391. Scabra, rough. P. 1-5-4 cm., becoming pale fuliginous, or pale tan, variegated with adpressed, darker (fuscous), spot-like, fibrous scales, fleshy, somewhat compact, conical, then convex, obsoletely gibbous. St. 2-4 cm. x 6- 10 mm., whitish, firm, equal, cuticle cartilaginous, silky-fibrillose. Gills whitish, then somewhat fuliginous, slightly adnexed, thin, some- what crowded. Flesh white. Spores yellowish brown, pip-shaped, 9-11 x 5-6/x. Cystidia slightly ventricose, 65-75 x 12-16/i, abun- dant. Coniferous, and mixed woods. June Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) INOCYBE 195 var. firma Fr. Firma, firm. Differs from the type in the fuscous-tan p. spotted with fuscous scales, and in the velvety stem. 540. I. pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 411, t. 472. Pyrus, pear; odor a, scented. P. 4-8 cm., pale ochraceous, often reddish when young, campanulate, obtuse, fleshy at the darker disc, everywhere torn into fibrils', margin often bent in and lacerate, and sometimes repand. St. 5-15 x 1- 1'5 cm., pallid often tinged with red, fragile, equal, or attenuated at the base, often curved, fibrillose, apex white-mealy. Gills whitish, then somewhat fuliginous, adnate, sinuate, thin, crowded, edge whitish. Flesh becoming reddish. Spores tawny, pip-shaped, 8-11 x 5-6 /A, 2-many-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, or clavate, 55-60 x 15-21 p, thick walled. Smell pleasant, like ripe pears. Woods. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 541. I. rimosa (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 429, t. 384. Rimosa, full of cracks. P. 2-5-5 cm., yellowish, varying rufescent, and date brown (especially when old), fleshy, conico-campanulate, obtuse, then more flattened, and at length reflexed, umbonate, somewhat fibrillose, longitudinally cracked; disc sometimes even, sometimes cracked in a tesselated manner. St. 47 cm. x 48 mm., whitish, becoming yellow, or fuscous, firm, apex mealy. Gills whitish, then becoming fuscous, and ferruginous, very much attenuated behind, free, or slightly adnexed, somewhat ventricose, edge serrulated, pallid. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous in the mass, ochraceous under the microscope, elliptical, 91 1 x 5 7 /A. Cystidia fusoid, or ventricose, 60-68 x 9-14/n. Smell earthy. Woods, and open ground. June Nov. Common, (v.v.) 542. I. tomentosa (Jungh.) Quel. (= Inocybe eutheles B. & Br.) Cke. Illus. no. 431, t. 386, as Inocybe eutheles B. & Br. Tomentosa, downy. P. 2-5 cm., pale fawn-colour, campanulate, then expanded, strongly umbonate, thin, villose, fibrillose; margin white, often appendiculate with the veil. St. 4-8 cm. x 5-8 mm., pallid, or whitish, equal, slightly swollen at the base, fibrillose, slightly striate. Gills pallid, adnate, slightly toothed, margin white. Flesh white. Spores ochra- ceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/z,. Cystidia ventricose, 60-63 x 12-13/i, abundant. Smell of new meal. Woods, and among fir-leaves. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 543. I. pallidipes Ellis & Everh. Pallidus, pale; pes, foot. P. 2-3 cm., light brown, conico-campanulate, then expanded and umbonate, fibrose-squamose, disc innately scaly, margin subrimose. 132 1 96 INOCYBE St. 2-5-5 cm., white, slightly narrowed and mealy above, loosely fibrillose below, base subbulbous, white tomentose. Gills pale cinna- mon, edge paler and fimbriate, broadly attached, with a strong decur- rent tooth, ascending at first, then ventricose, scarcely crowded, rather broad. Spores cinnamon, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/z Cystidia, nu- merous, fusoid, or subventricose, 40-50 x 14-18/*. Woods. Oct. Rare. 544. I. sambucina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 109, fig. 2. Sambucina, belonging to elder. Entirely white. P. 4-8 cm., often becoming pallid-yellow, fleshy, firm, convex, then expanded, often repand, obtuse, fibrilloso-silky. St. 2-5- 4 x 1-2-5 cm., often curved, equal, or subbulbous at the base, striate, obsoletely pruinose at the apex. Gills becoming dingy ochre, emar- ginate, slightly adnexed, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 9-12 x 6/u,. Cystidia ventricose, 50- 60 x 12-16/x, scattered. Smell strong. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 545. I. Clarkii B. & Br. Cke. lUus. no. 439, t. 429, lower figs. J. Aubrey Clark. P. 2-3 cm., whitish, campanulate, obtuse, silky-fibrillose. St. 3- 5 cm. x 4 mm., white, equal, slightly thickened at the \>a,se,fiocculose. Gills pallid, margin white, adnexed, rather distant, broadish. Flesh pallid. Spores pale, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6 p. Cystidia ventricose, 55-65 x 12-16/it, some narrower, scattered. Shady places. Oct. Rare. 546. I. corydalina Quel. (= Inocybe pyriodora Fr. sec. Rene Maire.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 4. Corydalis, the genus Corydalis. P. 3-6 cm., whitish, covered with bistre fibrils, green at the umbo, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate. St. 3- 5 x -5-1 cm., whitish, curved, subbulbous, striate, pruinose. Gills whitish, then brown; edge fimbriate, white, adnate, emarginate, 5-7 mm. wide. Flesh white, becoming yellowish with age. Spores brown, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 /A . Cystidia fusiform, ventricose, 42-51 x 15-18/u,. Smell pleasant, like Corydalis cava. Deciduous woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 547. I. geophylla (Sow.) Fr. (= Inocybe geophila (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 440, t. 401. 777, earth; <j>v\\ov, leaf. P. 1-5-3 cm., white, sometimes tinged yellow when old, somewhat fleshy, conical, then expanded, umbonate, silky, then fibrillose, often cracking. St. 4-8 cm. x 2-6 mm., white, equal, base slightly thickened, often flexuose, satiny, apex white-mealy. Gills whitish, then clay- fuscous, and earth colour, almost free, rather broad, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-10 x 4-5 /u,. Cystidia ven- tricose, 45-60 x 13-15//,, abundant. Smell earthy, taste slightly acrid. Woods, under trees, and hedgerows. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) INOCYBE 197 var. lilacina Fr. (= Inocybe geophylla (Sow.) Fr., var. violacea Pat.) Boud. Icon. t. 125. Lilacina, lilac colour. Differs from the type in the violet colour of the p., the yellow umbo, the paler violet stem, and the ochraceous yellow base. Woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. lateritia (Weinm.) Stev. Lateritia, made of bricks. Differs from the type in the brick-red p. var. fulva Pat. Fulva, tawny. Differs from the type in the rufous-ochre p., and the paler margin. 548. I. Whitei B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 444, t. 404, fig. A. Dr F. Buchanan White, a Scotch botanist. P. 1-5-2-5 cm., tawny, margin white, then wholly pale tawny, conical, then convex, and at length expanded, slightly viscid. St. 3-4 cm. x 3- 4 mm., shining white, then tawny, nearly equal, base slightly thickened. Gills shining white, then cinnamon, adnexed, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pale yellow-brown, obliquely elliptical, 9-11 x 4-5 p. Cystidia ventricose, or almost cylindrical, 50-60 x 16 20/ut, fairly abundant. Pine woods. Oct. Rare. 549. I. sindonia Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 438, t. 400. vtvocav, muslin. P. 3-5 cm., dingy white, or at length becoming yellow, fleshy, some- what thin, campanulate, then convex, gibbous, silky-velvety, becoming even, margin appendiculate when young with fibrils of the cortina. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 6 mm., white, stuffed with a separate pith that dis- appears, equal, at first slightly fibrillose with the evanescent, delicate cortina. Gills becoming whitish fuscous, attenuato-adnexed, linear- lanceolate, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white. Spores reddish brown, ellip- tical, 8-10 x 5-6/x. Cystidia ventricose, 50-60 x 12-16/4. Mixed woods, damp shady places. Sept. Oct. Rare. 550. I. descissa Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 122, fig. 1. Descissa, split up. P. 2-3 cm., greyish white, disc somewhat fuscous, conico-campanu- late, then expanded and umbonate, silky, then fibrillosely split up, subsquamulose around the umbo. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-4 mm-, white, often slightly tinged with flesh colour, somewhat equal, white fibril- lose, apex white pruinose, veil white, evanescent. Gills white, then fuliginous, or fuliginous yellow, sinuato-adnexed, somewhat crowded, edge fimbriate. Flesh white, sometimes flesh colour in the stem. Spores yellow, subreniform, 9-10 x 5-6/n. Cystidia fusiform, ventricose, 55-70 x 14-20/x, thick walled, somewhat fuscous at the apex. Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Rare. 198 INOCYBE var. auricoma (Batsch) Fr. Auricoma, golden-haired. Smaller, and thinner than the type, p. becoming yellow, margin striate, gills adfixed, ventricose, whitish fuscous. Remarkably cracked. Woods, and burnt soil. 551. I. cervicolor (Pers.) Quel. Fr. Icon. t. 107, figs. 1, 2, as Inocybe Bongardii (Weinm.) Fr. Cervus, a deer; color, colour. P. 3-5 cm., pale brown, or fawn colour^ covered with brown, recurved firils, campanulate, thin. St. 4-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, fibrillose with brown, recurved filaments, firm, flexuose. Gills cream colour, then rusty brown, margin white, denticulate, emarginate, ventricose, thick. Flesh white, tinged purplish when cut. Spores brown, elongate pip- shaped, 10-12 x 6-7 /z. Cystidia cylindric-fusoid, 45-50 x 12-14/n, numerous. Smell strong, unpleasant, like a mouldy cask. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 552. I. deglubens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 420, t. 394. Deglubens, peeling off. P. 25 cm., date-brown-rufescent, then becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, adpressedly torn into fibrils, peeling off in darker, then separating fibrils. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-5 mm., pallid, equal, adpressedly fibrillose, apex slightly rough with brown points. Gills grey, then cinnamon, obtusely adnate, ventri- cose, somewhat distant. Flesh white. Spores pallid brown, pip-shaped, 8-10 x 5-6/i. Cystidia ventricose, 50-60 x 10-15//,, fairly abundant. Smell earthy. Pine woods. Aug. Sept. Rare. ffGills with an olive tinge. 553. I. abjecta Karst. Abjecta, mean. P. 1-3-5 cm., brownish, becoming ochraceous-brown when dry, every- where covered with white fibrils, disc with whitish, subsquarrose squa- mules, fleshy, subcampanulate, or convex, then expanded, sometimes umbonate. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, everywhere covered with white, fibrous squamuks, equal, or fusiform, rather tough, flexuose, apex white-pruinose. Gills pale cinnamon-olive, adnate, ventricose in front, 6-7 mm. wide, rather distant, margin minutely flocculoso- crenulate at first. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 14-16 x 6-7 /*, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 50-65 x 13-16^,, scanty. Amongst sand. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 554. I. Godeyi Gillet. (= Agaricus (Inocybe) hiukus (Fr.) Kalchbr. and Cke. Illus. no. 427, t. 337.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 8. Dr Godey, an eminent French mycologist. P. 3-5 cm., whitish at first, then more or less suffused with rose which is usually accompanied by an ochraceous tinge, fleshy, campanulate, INOCYBE 199 obtusely umbonate, silky-fibrillose, rimose. St. 4-6 cm. x 5-10 mm., concolorous, equal, often bulbous at the base, apex white-pruinose. Gills whitish, then dusky cinnamon, usually with an olive tinge, edge white, minutely flocculose, narrowed behind, adnexed, almost free, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, tinged with pink. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, slightly curved or subreniform, 7-8 x 4-5 p. Cystidia ventricose, 36-48 x 18-25/z, fairly numerous. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 555. I. lucifuga Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 123. Lux, light ;fuga, avoiding. P. 2-7-5 cm., somewhat olivaceous, sometimes becoming pale, rarely fawn colour, fleshy, convexo-campanulate, then plane, more or less umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose, or covered with minute adpressed scales. St. 3-7 x 4-12 mm., pallid, equal, rigid, often flexuose, apex white-farinose. Gills whitish, then yellowish, and finally pure olivaceous, sinuate, ventricose, crowded, broad, crisped in large specimens. Flesh white, slightly coloured under the cuticle. Spores olivaceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/x,. Cystidia ventricose, 60-70 x 12-14/x, scattered. Smell strong, like radishes. Woods, roadsides, and under trees. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. tinged violet. 556. I. violaceifolia Peck. Violaceus, of a violet colour ; folia, leaves. P. 1-1-5 cm., grey, convex, or almost plane, fibrillose, squamulose. St. 2-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., whitish, firm, slender, fibrillose. Gills pale violet, then brownish cinnamon, adnexed, crowded. Spores elliptical, 10 x 6ju. Cystidia ventricose, 50-60 x 12-16/*,, fairly abundant. Amongst moss. Sept. Kare. **Stem coloured. fGills brown, ochraceous, or cinnamon. 557. I. caesariata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 437, t. 388. Caesariata, covered with hairs. P. 4 cm., tawny-dirty, or like a smooth sugared cake, fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, repand, becoming silky-even, finally almost smooth at the disc, silky at the margin. St. 4 cm. x 6 mm., pallid, unequal, sometimes twisted, somewhat thickened at the base, pruinose. Gills whitish fuliginous, somewhat adnate, thin, crowded, ventricose. Spores reniform, 8-10 x 4-5/a. Cystidia narrowly ventricose, 70- 80 x 12-15 /LI, "often septate" Rick., fairly abundant. Smell dis- agreeable. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. fibrillosa Fr. (= Inocybe delecta Karst.) Fr. Icon. t. 109, fig. 3. Fibrillosa, full of fibrils. Differs from the type in the obsoletely umbonate, fibrillose, sometimes squamulose, ochraceous pileus becoming tawny, in the very ochraceous- 200 INOCYBE fibrittose stem, and the pallid ochraceous gills at length turning brown. Deciduous woods, especially beech. 558. I. obscura (Pers.) Fr. Obscura, dark. P. 1-5-2-5 cm., brown, more or less suffused with violet, somewhat fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, or subumbonate, longitudinally fibrillose, disc scaly. St. 3-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., violaceous, becoming fuscous downwards, flexuose, fibrillose. Gills olivaceous, then brown, uncinato-adnexed, crowded, ventricose, edge often unequal. Flesh tinged bluish especially at the apex of the stem. Spores brownish, ellip- tical, 8-9 x 4jw,. Cystidia ventricose, 65-75 x 12-16/z, abundant. Smell strong, of radishes. Amongst pines, and in woods. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. rufa Pat. Rufus, red. Differs from the type in the reddish-brown, strongly umbonate p., the violet gills, and spores narrowed towards one end. 559. I. lacera Fr. Lacera, torn. P. 2-4 cm., brownish, then mouse colour, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, at first adpressedly fibrillose, then rimosely scaly and squarrose. St. 3-7 cm. x 5-8 mm., paler than the p., covered with brown, fibrillose squamules, tough, equal, or attenuated at the base. Gills white flesh, then mouse colour, attenuato-adnexed, ventricose, broad. Flesh of stem reddish. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 fj,. Cystidia ventricose, 56- 80 x 13-17jLt, numerous. Pine, and mixed woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 560. I. carpta (Scop.) Fr. Carpta, torn. P. 3-5 cm., tan colour, or dusky brown, convex, then flattened, usually at length more or less depressed at the disc, everywhere densely fibrillose and woolly. St. 3-5 x 1 cm., paler than the pileus, attenuated downwards, covered with a spreading, fibrillose woolliness like the p. Gills ochraceous, then brown fuscous, adnate, then free, ventricose, broad. Flesh pale ochraceous, becoming tinged with brown. Spores elliptical, 910 x 4-5/z,, 1 2-guttulate ; "angular, nearly trapezium shaped, 10-12 x 5-6/u, " Rick. Cystidia often slightly curved, ventri- cose, 60-70 x 13-15/i, abundant. Taste sweet, then bitter. Woods. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 561. I. hystrix Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 106, fig. 1. Hystrix, porcupine. P. 4-9 cm., dull brown, or mouse colour, fleshy, firm, convex, then flattened, obtuse, or slightly gibbous, orbicular, squarrose with revolute, floccose scales, which are fibrilloso-adpressed towards the margin. St. 5-9 cm. x 6-10 mm., fuscous mouse colour, firm, equal, or attenu- INOCYBE 201 ated downwards, or subfusif orm, squarrose with revolute, crowded, floe- cose scales up to the sharply defined annular zone, apex pallid. Gills whitish, becoming fuscous, adnate, crowded, linear, margin white. Flesh white. Spores brown, pip-shaped, or wedge-shaped, 9-10 x 4- 5/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 75-80 x 12-14/A, fairly abun- dant. Smell of new meal. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 562. I. incarnate Bres. (= Inocybe pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rene Maire.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 53. Incarnata, made flesh colour. P. 5-8 cm., yellowish rufescent, or flesh colour, fleshy, convexo- campanulate, then expanded and gibbous, or broadly umbonate, fibrillose, then squamulose, margin villosely fimbriate. St. 6-8 cm. x 6-15 mm., rosy flesh colour, apex white, furfuraceous, attenuated downwards, somewhat rooting, somewhat fibrillose. Gills whitish, then cinereous-cinnamon, at length spotted with red, or from the first becoming red, sinuato-adnate, crowded, edge fimbriate. Flesh of pileus white, becoming deep red when broken, that of the stem red from the first. Spores yellowish-brown, broadly elliptical, 12-15 x 6-8/x. Cystidia fusoid, 50-65 x 15-18/z, apex brownish. Smell pleasant, like pears. Woods. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 563. I. nigrodisca Peck. Niger, black; discus, a quoit. P. 1-2 cm., blackish-brown, margin greyish, convex, then plane, or depressed, umbonate, very minutely fibrillose. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. long, red- dish brown, slender, firm, flexuose, minutely pruinosely downy. Gills greyish, then rusty-brown, sometimes tinged yellow, free, or subadnexed, rounded behind, crowded. Spores ferruginous, subelongate, 5-5- 6-5 x 4-5-5/z. Cystidia fairly abundant, ventricose, 45-55 x 12-16/z. Among moss and grass. Rare. 564. I. mutica Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 418, t. 382. Mutica, curtailed. P. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, or tinged yellowish with darker adpressed squamules, fleshy, convex, then plane, always very obtuse, at length subdepressed in the centre. St. 3-6 cm. x 5-8 mm., white straw colour, becoming somewhat fuscous, often attenuated downwards, sometimes enlarged at the base, fibrillose. Gills white, then slightly fuscous, adnate, or attenuated behind and becoming free, thin, crowded. Flesh white. Spores elliptical, 8-10 x 5/u., 1-guttulate. Cystidia fusoid, 51-80 x 12-15/u, abundant. Woods, and roadsides. Sept. Nov. Not common, (v.v.) 565. I. brunnea Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 9. Brunnea, brown. P. 3-5 cm., chestnut colour, fleshy, campanulate, umbonate, fibril- losely silky, then cracked. St. 3-6 cm. x 5-6 mm., concolorous, or 202 ENOCYBE paler, thickened at the base, apex white, pruinose, fibrillosely striate. Cortina concolorous, and fugacious. Gills cream colour, then umber, edge white, indented, emarginate, broadest in front, 5 mm. wide. Flesh white. Spores bistre, elliptical, 7-12 x 4-6/n. Cystidia ventricose, or fusoid, 50-55 x 12-15/1, fairly abundant. Woods, also amongst grass near pines. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 566. I. haemacta Berk. & Cke. (= Inocybe pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rene Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 410, t. 390. at f /iaro9, bloody. P. 2-5-5 cm , umber, margin pallid, often becoming stained with red, or verdigris, disc darker, subsquamose, fleshy, compact, obtuse, cam- panulate, then expanded, floccosely fibrillose. St. 4-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., whitish above, tinged verdigris-green at the base, and often higher up, scarcely fibrillose, nearly equal. Gills pallid, then dingy tan, adnate, slightly rounded behind. Flesh turning blood red when touched or wounded, verdigris at the base of the stem, and also often elsewhere. Spores reddish brown, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/i, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 6678 x 14-16/z, fairly numerous. Lawns, and gardens. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. rubra Rea. Rubra, red. Differs from the type in the blood red colour of the p. and St., which is only tinged verdigris at the extreme base, although the flesh is tinged verdigris for some considerable distance upwards. Bare earth. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 567. I. conformata Karst. Conformata, shaped. P. 1-3 cm., pale fuscous, or tinged rusty, convex, then expanded, umbonate, fibrillosely rimose, sometimes minutely, adpressedly, floc- cosely squamulose. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., concolorous, apex at first tinged violet, equal, often flexuose, solid, minutely fibrillose. Gills pallid, then brownish, 4-5 mm. wide, adnexed, ventricose, somewhat crowded; margin white, fimbriate. Flesh white, brownish under the cuticle of the p., bluish at first in the stem, thick at the disc, very thin at the margin of the p., firm. Smell and taste none. Spores brownish in the mass, oblong elliptical, depressed on one side, 8-11 x 4-5/n. Cystidia hyaline, fusiform ventricose, apex muriculate, 65-75 x 15- 19/i. Under oaks in woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 568. I. flocculosa Berk. (=Inocybe scabella (Fr.) Bres. sec. Bataille.) Cke. Illus. no. 416, t. 393. Flocculosa, woolly. P. 2'5 cm., brownish fawn colour, somewhat fleshy, convex, sub- campanulate, umbonate, silky squamulose, margin smoother, veil white, fibrillose, fugacious. St. 4cm. x 4mm., pale fawn, fibrillose, brown beneath the fibrillae, apex minutely squamuloso-pulverulent. Gills pale fawn, at length dull-ferruginous, rounded behind, adnate INOCYBE 203 but not broadly so, ventricose, margin white. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5/z. Cystidia 45-60 x lQ-12fi, abundant. Smell of new meal, but nauseous. Bare soil, and amongst grass. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) f fGills tinged olive. 569. I. dulcamara (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 408, t. 582, fig. B. Dulcis, sweet; amara, bitter. P. 3-6 cm., olivaceous-fuscous, becoming paler, campanulato-convex,. then expanded and umbonate, ^occoso-scaZ?/, silky towards the margin. St. 4-6 cm. x 4 mm., paler than the pileus, equal, cortinato-fibrillose, adpressedly squamulose, apex mealy. Gills pallid, then olivaceous, arcuato-adfixed, ventricose, crowded. Flesh becoming yellowish white, thin. Spores brown, almost colourless under the microscope, ellip- tical, 7-9 x 4-5/i. Cystidia ventricose, 55-65 x 15-18/x, fairly abundant, "on edge of gill only " Rick. Taste slightly bitter. Pine, and mixed woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 570. I. relicina Fr. (= Astrosporina relicina (Fr.) Schroet.) Relicina, curled backwards. P. 1-5-3 cm., fuliginous, fleshy, thin, conical, then expanded, obtuse, everywhere scaly-squarrose with fasciculate down. St. 45 cm. x 4- 6 mm., fuliginous, apex paler, soft, equal, fioccoso-scaly, fibrillose. Gills yellow, then olivaceous, adnexed, crowded. Spores olive brown, pip-shaped, 10-12 x 7ju. Cystidia ventricose, 70-85 x 14-16/x, scattered, "only on edge of gill " Rick. Damp pine woods amongst Sphagnum, and in bogs. July Oct. Uncommon. 571. I. Bongardii (Weinm.) Massee. H. G. Bongard, a Russian botanist. P. 3-7 cm., whitish with a rufescent, or yellowish tinge, covered with darker fibrillose squamules, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, ob- tusely umbonate. St. 5-8 cm. x 5-12 mm., concolorous, or slightly paler, equal, straight, or curved, tough, apex white-mealy. Gills whitish, then olive-cinnamon, arcuato-adnate, crowded, ventricose, edge white, eroded. Flesh, reddish. Spores cinnamon brown, yellow under the microscope, elliptical, 9 x 6/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventri- cose, 50-65 x 12-16/4, scattered, "only on edge of gill, basidia with olive granular contents" Rick. Smell pleasant, like ripe pears. Woods and pastures. May Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) tttGiUs tinged violet. 572. I. cincinnata Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 51, fig. 2. Cincinnata, with curled hair. P. 1-5-3-5 cm., mouse colour, or brownish chestnut, somewhat fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or obsoletely umbonate, disc 204 INOCYBE besprinkled with fioccose scales; margin fibrillose. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., fuscous, apex tinged violet at first, then becoming pale, base subbulbose, fibrillosely-squamulose. Gills fuscous -violaceous, then cinnamon, ad- nexed, or attenuated behind, separating, ventricose, crowded. Flesh whitish, bluish at the apex of the stem. Spores brown, elliptical, 7- 8 x 4-5jLt, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia subcylindrical, or ventricose, 60- 70 x 9-15/M, "sometimes filled with a dark juice" Rick., fairly abun- dant. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) II. No cystidia. *St. whitish, or pallid. fGills brownish, ochraceous, or cinnamon. 573. I. perlata Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1162, t. 961. Perlata, very broad. P. 6-10 cm., ochraceous, longitudinally streaked with darker, fuscous fibrils, disc dark bistre nearly black, fleshy, convex, then expanded, broadly umbonate; margin incurved. St. 6-11 x 1-5 cm., pallid, darker below, straight, or curved, sometimes twisted, striate, equal, apex mealy. Gills pallid, then pale umber, adnexed, somewhat rounded behind, broad, margin whitish, irregular. Flesh dingy white. Spores reddish brown, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /z, with a large central gutta. Woods, and under hornbeam. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 574. I. perbrevis (Weinm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 434, t. 519. Per-brevis, very short. P. 1-5 3 cm., fuscous, or rufous, becoming yellowish, somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, obtusely umbonate, often depressed round the umbo, fibrillose, or squamulose ; margin fibrillose, often splitting. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 3-5 mm., pallid, somewhat attenuated downwards, white- fibrillose, apex pruinose, cortinate. Gills whitish, becoming fuscous, or clay colour, adnexed with a tooth, ventricose, rather distant. Flesh white. Spores brown, elliptic-oblong, 8-9 x 4-5-5/t, apiculate. "Cystidia only on edge of gill, basidia-like, 48-60 x 12-15/z " Rick. Woods, and shady places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 575. I. squarrosa Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. v, t. 4. Squarrosa, rough with scales. P. 5-13 mm,, mouse grey with an ochraceous tinge, slightly fleshy, campanulate, or convex, covered with erect, revolute, floccose, darker grey scales especially at the disc, floccosely fibrillose elsewhere ; margin at first involute, white. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white with a pinkish tinge, apex pruinose, base white, subbulbose. Gills white, then brown- ish, adnato-sinuate, 2 mm. wide, edge white. Flesh white. Spores greenish-fuscous, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/z, 1-guttulate. Under willows and alders in a brick pit. July Aug. Uncommon, (v.v.) INOCYBE 205 576. I. vatricosa FT. Fr. Icon. t. 110, fig. 3. Vatricosa, with crooked feet. P. 1-7 cm., yellowish, becoming whitish with age, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or umbonate, viscid when moist, shining when dry; margin obsoletely silky. St. 3-7 cm. x 3-10 mm., white, or greyish, equal, slightly thickened at the white villose base, often curved and contorted, white pulverulent. Gills white, then fuscous, adnexed, broadly emarginate, almost free, broad. Spores brownish, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-3-5^,. Woods, dead stumps, chips, and sawdust. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. **St. coloured. fGills brownish, ochraceous, or cinnamon. 577. I. Cookei Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 121. Mordecai Cubitt Cooke, the eminent English mycologist. P. 3-5 cm., yellowish straw colour, becoming lurid yellowish, fleshy, conico-campanulate, then expanded and umbonate, margin at length revolute and split, silky-fibriUose, then rimose. St. 4-7 cm. x 5-7 mm., concolorous, equal, silky fibrillose, base marginately bulbose. Gills whitish cinereous, then yellowish cinnamon, attenuated behind, ad- nexed, crowded, somewhat ventricose, margin white, fimbriate. Flesh whitish straw colour. Spores ochraceous, subreniform, 8-10 x 5-5-5/z. Smell somewhat pleasant when young, becoming somewhat earthy. Fir woods. Sept. Uncommon. 578. I. mimica Massee. (= Inocybe adequata Britz. sec. Cke.) fjLifju/cd, a mimic. P. 6-8 cm., yellow-brown, everywhere covered with large, adpressed, slightly darker, fibrous scales, fleshy, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, fibrillose. St. 6-8 x 1 cm., paler than the p., equal, fibrillose. Gills yellow-brown, deeply sinuate, attached to the stem by a very narrow portion, broad. Flesh brownish. Spores brown, subcylindrical, 14- 16 x 6-8/x, with an oblique apiculus. Woods. Sept. Rare. 579. I. rhodiola Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 200, as Inocybe frumen- tacea (Bull.) Bres. poSov, a rose. P. 4-8 cm., rufous-chestnut, or fuscous flesh colour, fleshy, campanu- late, then expanded and umbonate, fibrillosely cracked, centre even. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., vinous, fibrilloso-squamulose, becoming glabrous, apex pallid, subfloccose. Gills white, then yellowish umber, often spotted with brownish umber, sinuato-uncinate, almost free, crowded, edge fimbriate. Flesh white, vinous at the base of the stem. Spores yellowish, subreniform, 12-13 x 6-8/4, or 9-10 x 5-7 p, 1-2-guttulate. Cells on edge of gills, clavate, or subfusoid, 45-60 x 12-15ju,. Smell fruity. Woods, fields, and parks. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 206 INOCYBE 580. I. hirsute (Lasch) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 86, fig. 2. Hirsuta, bristly. P. 1-4 cm., fuscous, or ochraceous fuscous, disc sometimes tinged with green, slightly fleshy, conico-campanulate, then expanded, and acutely or obtusely umbonate, squarrose with fasciculato-pilose scales, margin fibrillose, fimbriate. St. 4-9 cm. x 2-6 mm., concolorous, base verdigris, somewhat equal, or somewhat thickened at the base, tough, fibrillose, apex white floccoso-scaly. Gills pallid, then fuscous cinnamon, adnate, crowded, narrow, edge whitish, fimbriate. Flesh pallid, be- coming faintly tinged with red on exposure to the air, greenish in the stem. Spores ochraceous, oblong pip-shaped, 9-11 x 4-5/x. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 581. I. calamistrata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 106, fig. 2. Calamistrata, curled with the curling-iron. P. 2-5-6 cm., fuscous, slightly fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, margin at first bent inwards, often repand, at length flattened, everywhere squarrose-scaly, St. 4-9 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, base dark azure blue, rigid, tough, equal, somewhat rooting, squarrose throughout with rigid, recurved scales. Gills white, then ferruginous, adnexed, separating, crowded, broad, edge whitish, somewhat serrated. Flesh reddish, azure blue at the base of the stem. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 10- 11 x 6/i. Smell strong. Pine, and fir woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) I. echinata (Roth) Cke. = Lepiota haematosperma (Bull.) Boud. tfGills tinged olive. 582. I. destricta Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 121. Destricta, stripped off. P. 4-8 cm., livid violet tinged brownish, fleshy, campanulate, covered longitudinally with darker fibrils, then torn into scales, rimosely cracked. St. 5-10 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, covered with darker fibrils, apex mealy. Gills olivaceous, uncinately adnate, narrow, 4 mm. wide. Flesh whitish violaceous, deeper coloured under the cuticle, reddish at the base of the stem. Spores olivaceous, often slightly curved, oblong, 11-13 x 5-5-7 p,, multi-guttulate. Cystidia none 1 . Woods, and under poplars. July Nov. Uncommon. 583. I. fastigiata (Schaefi.) Fr. (= Inocybe Curreyi Berk. sec. Massee.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 57. Fastigiata, having a gable. P. 3-7 cm., straw colour, yellow fuscous, sometimes fuscous brown, disc ochraceous, or livid-fulvous, fleshy, conico-campanulate, obtusely, or acutely umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose and cracked, rarely ad- pressedly scaly; margin sometimes lobed. St. 4-9 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, becoming fuscous, equal, slightly enlarged downwards, minutely fibrillose, often twisted with age. Gills yellow, then olivaceous, sinuato- 1 Massee and Ricken have a different plant in view as they describe cystidia. INOCYBE. ASTROSPORINA 207 free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white. Spores brownish, pip-shaped, 7-10 x 4-5 /z, 1-guttulate. "Cystidia only on the edge of the gills, bottle-shaped-clavate, 50-60 x 1 5-20 /A " Rick. Woods, and pastures. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) III. Insufficiently described. 584. I. mamillaris Pass. 1 Mamilla, a teat. P. white, convex, mammillate, squamulose. St. white, hollow, equal, flexuose. Gills emarginato-adnexed. Spores smooth. 585. I. phaeocephala (?Bull.) Cke. Cke. lUus. no. 425, t. 396. <ato<?, dusky; /ee</>aX?;, head. P. 5-10 cm., fuliginous, becoming brownish, subcampanulate, rarely flattened and umbonate, smooth. St 7-13 cm. x 8-14 mm., grey, with brownish lines, base white and swollen, naked. Gills yellowish bistre colour, free, semilunate, very broad. Spores bright ferruginous red, elliptical, 6 x 4/t. Pine, and mixed woods. Oct. Rare 586. I. schista Cke. & Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 423, t. 504. o^aro?, split. P. 5-7-5 cm., bay brown, obtusely campanulate, broadly subumbo- nate, cracking longitudinally, rather fibrillose. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., paler than the p., equal, twisted, solid. Gills rufescent, adnate with a decur- rent tooth, rather broad; edge pale, serrate. Lawns. May. Rare. /. subrimosa (Karst.) Sacc. = Astrosporina asterospora (Quel.) Rea. /. scabella (Fr.) Bres. = Inocybe flocculosa Berk. /. tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. = Flammula tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. 7. strigiceps Fr. = Flammula strigiceps Fr. 7. Curreyi Berk. = Inocybe fastigiata (SchaefL) Fr. 7. adequata Britz. = Inocybe mimica Massee. 7. lanuginosa Fr. sec. Bataille = Astrosporina sabuletorum (B. &Curt.) Rea. 7. violaceo-fusca Cke. & Massee = Cortinarius (Dennocybe) violaceo- fuscus (Cke. & Massee) Massee. 7. Trinii (Weinm.) Bres. = Inocybe Godeyi Gill. 7. hiulca (Fr.) Kalchbr. = Inocybe Godeyi GiU. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous, irregular, angular, echinulate, or verrucose. Astrosporina Schroet. (aa-T^p, star; <riropd, seed.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Veil marginal, fugacious. Stem fleshy, cen- tral. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochraceous, 1 Massee, Eur. Fung. Fl. Agar. p. 156. 208 ASTROSPOBINA ferruginous, olivaceous, or fuscous; angular, nodose, verrucose, echinulate, or irregular in shape. Cystidia present, or absent, fusi- form, ventricose, cylindrical, or clavate. Growing on the ground, rarely caespitose. I. Cystidia present. *Stem whitish, or pallid. 587. A. fibrosa (Sow.) Rea. (= Inocybe fibrosa (Sow.) Fr.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 56, as Inocybe fibrosa Sow. Fibrosa, fibrous. P. 6-10 cm., white, or straw colour, sometimes spotted yellow, fleshy, obtusely campanulate, then expanded and gibbous, or broadly um- bonate, silky, at length cracking; margin deeply split, often lobed. St. 6-10 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white, base at length straw colour, subequal, striate, or somewhat sulcate, apex pruinose. Gills white, becoming cinereous-cinnamon with age, attenuated behind, nearly free, crowded. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous, angular, oblong, 10-13 x 5-7 /i. Cystidia fusoid, 70-90 x 10-16/u, thick walled. Smell foetid. Coni- ferous woods. May Sept. 588. A. duriuscula Rea. (= Inocybe duriuscula Rea.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 3, as Inocybe duriuscula Rea. Duriuscula, somewhat hard. P. 6-7 cm., fulvous ochraceous, disc becoming pale, fleshy, campanu- late, then expanded and gibbous, floccose, soon longitudinally fibril- lose; margin at length revolute. St. 8x1-5 cm., white, enlarged at the apex and base, firm, striate, apex ribbed with the decurrent teeth of the gills. Gills white, becoming fuscous, sinuato-adnate with a decurrent tooth, 6-8 mm. wide, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, very firm. Spores umber, strongly nodulose, 9-10 x 7-8 p, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 52-60 x 13-15/u, abundant. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 589. A. proximella (Karst.) Rea. (= Inocybe proximella Karst.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 2, as Inocybe proximella Karst. Proximella, somewhat near. P. 2-5 cm., pallid yellow, disc, and especially the umbo, becoming rusty brown, or bay, fleshy, conico-convex, then expanded and umbo- nate, becoming longitudinally fibrillosely cracked. St. 6-8 x -5-1 cm., pallid, slightly narrowed upwards, often attenuated at the base, sometimes wavy, subfibrillose. Gills pallid, then tan, finally brown, adnate, 6-7 mm. wide, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white. Spores fer- ruginous, nodulose, irregularly oblong, 7-10 x 5-7 ft, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 55-70 x 15-24/u,, abundant. On the ground. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) ASTROSPOBINA 209 590. A. praetervisa (Quel.) Schroet. (= Inocybe praetervisa Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 5, as Inocybe praetervisa Quel. Praetervisa, overlooked. P. 2-6 cm., fawn, generally darker at the margin, conico-campanu- late, then expanded, umbonate, or gibbous, often splitting at the margin with age, slightly viscid, fibrillose, disc glabrous, soon longi- tudinally virgate. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, then pale straw colour, equal, base bulbous, apex pruinose. Gills white, then dirty cinnamon, attenuated behind, adnexed, almost free, narrow, 3 mm. wide, crowded; edge white, fimbriate. Flesh white. Spores dark brownish in the mass, ochraceous under the microscope, angular, 9-11 x 5-6 /x, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia fusiform, ventricose, 55-75 x 18-30/u,, some- what fuscous at the apex, "sometimes with olive granular contents" Rick. On the ground under conifers. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 591. A. lanuginella Schroet. Lanuginella, somewhat floccose. P. 1-5-3 cm., tawny, or greyish brown, campanulato-convex, then plane, obtusely umbonate, fibrillose, cracked ("fibrils septate, apical cell 35-40 x 8-llju, with rounded ends" Schroeter). St. 1-5- 5 cm. x 1-5-5 mm., pallid, apex at first delicately tinged with lilac, base brownish, equal, fibrillose. Gills pallid, then cinnamon, 2-3 mm. wide, slightly adnexed, somewhat crowded, edge fimbriate. Flesh white, tinged reddish under the cuticle of the pileus and stem, thick at the disc, thin at the margin of the pileus, firm. Spores cinnamon in the mass, oblong, obtusely angular, 8-11 x 5-7 /*. Cystidia hyaline, either fusiform, ventricose, obtuse at the apex, muriculate or not, 40-70 x 15-23 /LI, or acicular and acute. On the ground in oak woods. Aug. Uncommon, (v.v.) 592. A. infida (Peck) Rea. (= Agaricus (Hebeloma) infidus Peck, Inocybe umbratica Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 58, fig. 2, as Inocybe commixta Bres. Infida, unsafe. Entirely white. P. 2-3 cm., fleshy, conico-campanulate, then ex- panded and umbonate, silky-fibrillose ; margin often split. St. 3- 4 cm. x 3-6 mm., minutely pruinose, equal, apex mealy, base bulbous. Gills white, then greyish-cinnamon, free, very crowded, edge minutely fimbriate. Flesh white, somewhat straw colour at the base of the stem. Spores ochraceous, angular, globose-oblong, 9-10 x 6-7 p. Cystidia fusiform or subventricose, somewhat fuscous at the apex, 40-45 x 12-14/t. Smell earthy, strong. Taste mild. Coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 593. A. trechispora (Berk.) Rea. (= Hebeloma trechisporum Berk.) Cke. Illus. no. 443, t. 403, upper figs., as Inocybe trechispora Berk. Tpa^vs, rough; <nropd, seed. P. 1-52-5 cm., whitish, or cinereous, umbo tawny, submembrana- ceous, convex, strongly umbonate, viscid at first, then dry and silky; B. B. B. 14 210 ASTROSPORINA margin paler with a slight livid tinge, thin. St. 5 cm. x 4 mm., white, equal, often flexuose, with a mass of white mycelium at the base, slightly striate under a lens and mealy. Gills whitish, then pinkish grey, emarginate, scarcely adnate, ventricose, margin denticulate. Flesh white. Spores bistre-brown, warted, angular, 7-8 x 5-6 /n. Cystidia fusoid, or subventricose, 40-50 x 12-18/>t, fairly abundant. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. **Stem coloured. 594. A. asterospora (Quel.) Rea. (= Inocybe asterospora Quel., Ino- cybe subrimosa Sacc., Clypeus subrimosus Karst.) Cke. Illus. no. 430, t. 385, as Inocybe asterospora Quel. ao'Trip, star; <nropd, seed. P. 2-5 cm., bistre, with brown striae, convex then expanded and umbonate, becoming rimose. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., reddish, streaked with brown fibrils, pubescent, equal, base marginately bulbous, cuticle separable. Gills whitish bistre, then cinnamon, emarginate, ventricose, thin. Flesh white. Spores ferruginous, stellately-nodulose, sub- globose, 9-12/M. Cystidia ventricose, 33 x 18/M, abundant. Smell mouldy. Woods, and under trees. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 595. A. fasciata (Cke. & Mass.) Rea. (= Inocybe fasciata Cke. & Massee.) Cke. Illus. no. 1164, 1. 1173, as Inocybe fasciata Cke. & Massee. Fasciata, bound together in bundles. Densely caespitose. P. 5-7-5 cm., tawny, disc rufous, campanulato- convex, silky, clad with minute, darker, squarrose scales. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 3-10 mm., pallid, base reddish, equal, or a little attenuated below, fibrillose. Gills pallid, attenuated in front, rounded behind, or slightly sinuate, crowded. Flesh white, reddish towards the base of the stem. Spores fuscous, angular, elliptical, 10 x 6/x. Cystidia ventricose, 40-50 x 12-15/n, scanty. Amongst grass. Rare. 596. A. lanuginosa (Bull.) Schroet. (= Inocybe lanuginosa (Bull.) Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 117, as Inocybe lanuginosa Bull. Lanuginosa, woolly. P. 2-5-4 cm., umber, at length becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, hemi- spherical, or campanulato-convex, then expanded and umbonate, fiocculosely-scaly, disc squarrose with hairy scales. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2- 3 mm., somewhat concolorous, equal, fibrillosely-squamulose', cortina greyish white, soon disappearing. Gills pallid clay colour, then reddish cinnamon, rounded behind, adnexed, then separating, somewhat crowded; margin white, fioccosely crenulate. Flesh pallid. Spores fuscous ochraceous, angular, 10-15 x 8-9/n. Cystidia cylindrical, or clavate, 50-60 x 20-25 /M, somewhat fuscous at the apex. Mossy stumps, especially conifers, "never on the ground" Bres. July Nov. Un- common, (v.v.) ASTROSPORINA 211 597. A. calospora (Quel.) Kea. (= Inocybe calospora Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 21, as Inocybe calospora Quel. Ka\6s, beautiful; cnropd, seed. P. 2-3 cm., fuscous rufescent, becoming somewhat yellowish, some- what fleshy, conico-campanulate, then expanded and umbonate, fibrillosely villose, then covered with adpressed, concolorous squamules', margin whitish, fibrillose. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., livid then rufescent, apex white-pruinose, base subbulbose. Gills pallid, then tawny cinna- mon, free, ventricose, crowded; edge white-pruinose. Flesh somewhat concolorous. Spores ferruginous in the mass, bright ochraceous under the microscope, globose, 10-14/z, bluntly warted. Cystidia fusiform, 45-55 x S-Wfj,, somewhat fuscousatthe apex, scanty. Taste slightly acid. Deciduous woods, and under trees. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 598. A. Gaillardii (Gillet) Rea. (= Inocybe Gaillardi Gillet.) A. GaiUard. P. 13 cm., tawny-yellow, or rust colour, convex, then plane, umbo- nate, fioccosely squamulose; margin fimbriate. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous. Gills brownish cinnamon, free, ventricose; edge whitish. Flesh concolorous, or paler. Spores ferruginous, globose, covered with long, slender, hyaline spines, 8/z,, or 10-12/n, including the spines. Cystidia subcylindrical, 40-45 x 10/A, scanty. Woods, and under trees. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 599. A. seabella (Fr.) Schroet. (= Inocybe scabella (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 110, fig. 1, as Inocybe scabella Fr. Scaber, rough. P. 1-2 cm., fuscous, or fuscous rufescent, somewhat fleshy, conical, then expanded, umbonate, silky-fibrillose, at length torn into scales around the even umbo. St. 4 cm. x 12 mm., rufescent, or becoming pale, apex pruinose, equal, tense and straight, or flexuose. Gills dingy, becoming fuscous, adnexed, more or less crowded. Flesh dingy. Spores bistre, warted, angular elliptical, 8x6/4. Cystidia ventricose fusiform, 55-65 x 12-15ju,. Woods, and amongst short grass. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 600. A. Trinii (Weinm.) Rea. (= Inocybe Trinii (Weinm.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 435, t. 428, lower figs., as Inocybe Trinii Weinm. Carl Bernard Trinius, the Russian botanist. P. 1-2 cm., whitish with a rufous tinge due to longitudinal rufous fibrils, tawny when dry, hemispherical, obtuse. St. 4-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, covered with loose reddish, or rufous fibrils, equal, apex white- mealy. Gills dusky cinnamon, rounded behind, adnexed, ventricose, edge white-fiocculose. Flesh white. Spores angular, subglobose, or somewhat oblong, 9-10 /i, or 9-10 x 6-8/i. Cystidia ventricose, 50- 60 x 14-17/A, abundant. Smell pleasant, like clove-pinks. Woods, and amongst grass. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 142 212 ASTROSPORINA 601. A. maritima (Fr.) Rea. (= Inocybe maritima Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 414, t. 392, as Inocybe maritima Fr. Maritima, pertaining to the sea. P. 2-3 cm., fuscous, or mouse colour, becoming hoary when dry, hygrophanous, fleshy, somewhat soft, convex, then flattened, obtuse, or umbonate, flocculosely fibrillose, more or less adpressedly scaly. St. 2-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., a little paler than the pileus, equal, fibrillose, at first furnished with a cortina. Grills fuscous-grey, then becoming fer- ruginous, rounded, adnexed, somewhat separating, ventricose. Flesh becoming fuscous-grey. Spores ferruginous, angular, oblong, 9-10 x 6/x, 1-guttulate. Cystidia ventricose, 4555 x 12-18ju,. Often caespitose. Sea shores, and sandy ground in woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 602. A. Rennyi (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Inocybe Rennyi B. & Br.) Cke. lUus. no. 442, t. 520, fig. A, as Inocybe Rennyi B. & Br. J. Renny, a British mycologist. P. 1 '5-2 cm., pale fawn colour, disc brown, hemispherical, slightly fibrillose. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., paler than the p., attenuated down- wards, fibrillose. Gills dingy ochraceous, rounded behind, almost free. Spores ochraceous, angular, slightly nodulose, oblong, 11-13 x 7- 8/i, pointed at one end. Cystidia fusoid, 40-50 x 12-16/z, scanty. On the ground. var. major (Massee) Rea. (= Inocybe Rennyi B. & Br. var. major Massee.) Cke. Illus. no. 442, t. 520, fig. B, as Inocybe Rennyi B. & Br. var. Major, larger. Differs from the type in its larger size, and slightly nodulose spores, 13-17 x 10/Lt. Fir woods. Nov. 603. A. sabuletorum (B. & Curt.) Rea. (= Inocybe sabuletorum B. & Curt., and Inocybe lanuginosa Fr. sec. Bataille.) Sabuletorum, of sandy places. P. 1-3 cm., umber, at length becoming yellowish, slightly fleshy, con- vex, then expanded, obtuse, or somewhat umbonate, velvety, the pile becoming matted together into little squamules, which stand erect at the disc. St. 2-4 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, tough, equal, fibrillosely squamulose, or downy, apex white mealy. Gills clay colour, then fer- ruginous, sinuate, or separating free, thin, ventricose; edge white, minutely fimbriate. Flesh concolorous. Spores ferruginous, angular, 9-10 x 6-7 p. Cystidia fusoid, or ventricose, 45-50 x 12-15/z, some- what scanty. Woods. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 604. A. fulva Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. Fulvus, tawny. P. 3-4 cm., tawny, darker at the disc, fleshy, convex, then expanded, longitudinally adpressedly fibrillose; margin thin. St. 5-6 cm. x 5- ASTROSPORINA 213 6 mm., concolorous, apex lilac colour becoming pale, equal, slightly attenuated at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, then ochraceous, margin whitish, sinuato-adnate, 6-7 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, becoming reddish in the stem, thin. Spores deep ochraceous, oblong, angular, 10 x 5-G-5//,. Cystidia hyaline, bladder-like, obtuse, 42 x 20/A, thin walled, often slightly granular at the apex. Bare ground in frondose woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 605. A.fulvella (Bres.) Rea. (= Inocybe fulvella Bres.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 8, as Inocybe fulvella Bres. Fulvus, tawny. P. 6-12 mm., olivaceous honey colour with the umbo somewhat darker, then becoming yellowish, or fuscous olive with the umbo tawny, conico- campanulate, then expanded, and umbonate, flocculosely silky, glabrous at the centre, somewhat hygrophanous. St. 2-3 cm. x 1- 2 mm., lilac, soon changing to rufescent, attenuated downwards, apex white-pruinose. Gills lilac, then cinnamon, rounded behind, and almost free, ventricose, 1-5 mm. wide, subdistant, edge fimbriate. Flesh yellowish, lilac at the apex of the stem and then rufescent. Spores ferruginous, angular, warted, 7-9 x 5-6/A. Cystidia fusiform, ventri- cose, 45-60 x 10-18/A, somewhat fuscous at the apex. Amongst moss. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 606. A. Bucknallii (Massee) Rea. (= Inocybe Bucknallii Massee.) Annals of Bot. xvm (1904), t. 32, figs. 5, 6, as Inocybe Bucknalli Massee. Cedric Bucknall, the Bristol mycologist. P. 12 cm., brownish, campanulato-convex, fibrillose, disc with a few squamules. St. 2-4 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, equal, or slightly thickened at the base, fibrillose. Gills rusty-brown, adnexed, thick, rather distant, edge minutely fimbriate. Spores irregularly oblong, 15-17 x 89/1,, angular, apiculate at one end. Basidia clavate, ex- ceptionally large, 70-80 x 16-18ju,, 4-spored. Cystidia on edge of gill only, clavate, 75-85 x 15-20/x, thin walled. Under bushes. Autumn. Rare. 607. A. petiginosa (Fr.) Rea. (= Hebeloma petiginosum Fr., Inocybe petiginosa (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 114, fig. 4, as Hebeloma peti- ginosum Fr. Petiginosa, scurfy. P. 1-2 cm., fuscous at the gibbous, naked disc, hoary-silky with superficial, closely adpressed fibrils at the circumference, when old rufescent, or becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, conical, then convex, somewhat umbonate. St. 2-55 cm. x 2 mm., brick rufescent, be- coming fuscous, tough, equal, or slightly attenuated at the base, white pulverulent. Gills light yellow, then olivaceous-date-brown, beauti- fully ciliated under a lens, at first slightly adnexed, soon free, ventri- crowded. Flesh cream colour, rufescent in the stem. Spores 214 ASTROSPORINA. TRICHOLOMA olivaceous, angular, warted, oblong, 8-9 x 5-6 /z. Cystidia fusiform, 48-65 x 9-10/i. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) II. No cystidia. 608. A. margaritispora (Berk.) Eea. (= Inocybe margaritispora Berk.) Cke. Illus. no. 432, t. 505, as Inocybe margaritispora. Hapyapirris, a pearl; (nropd, seed. P. 3-5 cm., fawn colour, or pale yellowish-brown, campanulate, then expanded and broadly umbonate, undulating, silky, clad with ad- pressed fibrillose scales. St. 6-10 cm. x 5-8 mm., pallid, equal, fibril- lose. Gills pallid, reaching the stem, scarcely adnate. Flesh yellowish. Spores ochraceous, coarsely warted, subglobose, 8/z. On the ground. Oct. Rare. III. No record given in the diagnosis whether cystidia are present or not. 609. A. plumosa (Bolt.) Rea. (= Inocybe plumosa (Bolt.) Fr.) Boud. Icon. t. 118, as Inocybe plumosa (Bolt.) Fr. Plumosa, feathered. P. 3-5 cm., dark fuliginous, campanulate, then expanded, umbo- nate, fibrillose, squamulose with recurved scales especially at the darker disc. St. 4-6 cm. x 48 mm., concolorous, squamulosely fibrillose, apex naked. Gills concolorous, adnate, fairly wide. Flesh pallid, concolorous under the pellicle of the pikus and stem. Spores olivaceous, or fuliginous, angular, 8-12 x 5-7 /A. Pine woods. Aug. Nov. Uncommon. A. leucocephala (Boud.) Rea. (= Inocybe leucocephala Boud.) Massee makes this a synonym for Astrosporina infida (Peck) Rea, but this requires confirmation. A. hiulca (Fr.) Rea. (= Inocybe hiulca (Fr.) Bres.) This Astrosporina has erroneously been recorded as British, but the specimens should have been referred to Inocybe Godeyi Gill. ***Gills sinuate. Spores white. Tricholoma Fr. (6pi%, hair; Xw/ia, fringe.) Pileus fleshy, regular, margin incurved. Stem central, fleshy. Gills sinuate, sinuato-adnate, or decurrent by a tooth. Spores white, rarely pinkish, or yellowish in the mass ; elliptical, oval, pip-shaped, globose, subglobose, or oblong; smooth, punctate, verrucose, or echinulate, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, very rarely on wood, sometimes forming large rings. TRICHOLOMA 215 A. P. viscid, fibrillose, scaly or pubescent. (a) Gills not changing colour. 610. T. equestre (Linn.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 24, figs. 1-12. Equestre, belonging to the order of knights. P. 7-5-12-5 cm., pale yellowish, sulphur-olive, olivaceous, brick rufescent, disc and innate squamules darker, becoming fuscous, com- pactly fleshy, unequal, convex, then plane, very obtuse, flexuoso- repand, viscid. St. 2-55 x 1-52-5 cm., sulphur-yellow, hard, squamu- lose. Gills sulphur-yellow, or sulphur-olive, emarginate, or rounded, scarcely adnexeu, broad, somewhat ventricose, crowded. Flesh whitish, yellow under the cuticle of the p., thick. Spores white, ellip- tical, 6 x 3/z. "Cystidia on edge of gill cylindrical-clavate, 30- 36 x 10-14^, filled with yellow juice" Rick. Taste pleasant. Edible. Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 611. T. cdryphaeum Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 76. tcopv(f)aio<>, a leader. P. 512 cm., yellowish, disc darker, punctate with brown squamules, fleshy, ccnvexo-campanulate, then plane, sometimes broadly umbo- nate, somewhat viscid, soon dry. St. 57 x 1 cm., white, tinged with yellow in the middle, apex white mealy, base obclavate, or fusiform and somewhat rooting. Gills white with a yellow margin, often grey at the base, sometimes connected by veins, emarginate, crowded, broad. Flesh white, citron-yellow under the epidermis, thick. Spores white, subglobose, 5-6 x 4-5ju,, 1-guttulate. Taste somewhat bitter. Beech woods. Sept. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 612. T. sejunctum (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 126. Sejunctum, separated. P. 7 -5-10 cm., light yellow, streaked with innate fuscous fibrils, con- vex, then expanded, gibbous, viscid in wet weather; margin yellowish, or white, villous, becoming torn. St. 6-12-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white, tinged with yellow, ventricose, then elongated, apex delicately squamu- lose. Gills shining white, sometimes tinged with yellow, emarginate, broad, subdistant. Flesh white, yellowish under the cuticle of the p. and in the St., fragile. Spores white, subglobose, 5-7 p. Smell of new meal. Taste slightly bitter. Mixed woods, especially oak, and pine. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 613. T. portentosum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 24, upper figs. Portentosum, monstrous. P. 7-5-12-5 cm., fuliginous, livid, sometimes violaceous, streaked with black, innate fibrils, fleshy, convexo-plane, subumbonate, unequal, repand, viscid. St. 7-5-15 x 2-5 cm., white, becoming tinged with sulphur-yellow, or greenish glaucous, equal, sometimes attenuate- 216 TRICHOLOMA rooted at the villous base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, becoming straw colour, or glaucous, rounded, almost free, broad, distant. Flesh white, often tinged with yellow or greenish, very thin at the margin of the p., fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/n, 1-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Pine, and fir woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. (v.v.) 614. T. fucatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 24, lower figs. Fucatum, painted. P. 5-10 cm., lurid yellow, or cinereous light yellow, variegated with bistre, tiger-like spots, disc darker, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, often irregular, viscid, soon dry. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 8-12 mm., straw colour, streaked with fibrils that become blackish, apex white, pruinose, fragile, subequal. Gills whitish, deeply emarginate, 6-10 mm. broad, some- what crowded, fragile. Flesh yellowish, thin, fragile. Spores white, "subglobose, 5-6 x 5/u," Rick. Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Un- common. 615. T. quinquepartitum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 25. Quinque, five; partitum, divided. P. 5-7-5 cm., pallid light yellow, margin paler, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, umbonate, repand, viscid, fragile. St. 6-10 cm. x 12- 15 mm., white, or whitish, equal, or attenuated upwards, striate. Gills white, emarginate, 12 mm. broad, not crowded. Flesh white, fragile, thin at the margin. Spores "5-6 x 3-4/u," Sacc. Taste mild. Pine woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. 616. T. resplendens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 29, upper figs. Resplendens, shining brightly. Entirely shining white, becoming yellowish externally and internally. P. 5-10 cm., silvery shining when dry, often with hyaline spots, disc becoming yellow, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, viscid ; margin straight, thin. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 12-15 mm., equal, or subbulbous, sometimes curved, apex slightly flocculose. Gills emarginate, some- what crowded, 6-8 mm. broad, equally attenuated in front. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4/i. "Cystidia on edge of gill basidia-like, 30- 36 x 8-9/z" Rick. Smell pleasant, taste mild. Beech, and hazel woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 617. T. spermaticum (Paul.) Fr. (= Tricholoma columbetta Fr. sec. Quel.) Gillet, Hym. t. 62. (nreppa, semen. Entirely white. P. 4-9 cm., somewhat fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, repand, viscid, shining when dry, and often becoming yellow- ish; margin involute. St. 5-9 x 1-5-2 cm., twisted. Gills emarginate, subdistant, eroded. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 5-6/u, verrucose. Smell strong, taste unpleasant. Oak, and fir woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) TBICHOLOMA 217 (6) Gills changing colour, generally with reddish spots. T. colossum Fr. = Armillaria colossa (Fr.) Boud. 618. T. nictitans Fr. (= Tricholoma acerbum Bull. sec. Quel.) Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 46. Nictitans, winking. P. 5-6 cm., brownish red, becoming yellow, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, viscid. St. 7-5 cm. x 12 mm., pallid light yellow, equal, or attenuated upwards, base truncate, elastic, dry, apex squamulose. Gills light yellow, rufescent spotted when old, rounded adnexed, crowded, rather broad, subventricose. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, "elliptical, 7-8 x 5/i" Massee. Taste pleasant. Mixed woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 619. T. ful vellum Fr. Fulvus, tawny. P. 2-5-8 cm., pale yellowish rufescent, or tan colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, viscid, disc darker, dotted wrinkled. St. 4-7-5 x 1 cm., whitish rufescent, fibrillose, apex naked. Gills white, then rufescent, rounded, then emarginate, crowded. Flesh often more or less yellow. Spores white, "subglobose, 4-5 /z" Massee. Beech woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. 620. T. aurantium (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Armillaria aurantia (Schaeff.) Fr. Hym. Eur.) Fr. Icon. t. 27, upper figs., as Armillaria aurantia Schaeff. Aurantium, orange coloured. P. 5-8 cm., rusty orange colour, disc often darker, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, viscid, obsoletely innato-squamulose, or almost smooth. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous with concentric, orange scales, apex white, mealy, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards. Gills white, then tinged with rufous, emarginate, adnexed, crowded, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, reddish in the st. Spores white, elliptical, 6- 7 x 4-5/i, 1-guttulate. Smell very pleasant. Taste bitter. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 621. T. fulvum (DC.) Fr. (= Tricholoma flavo-brunneum Fr. Hym. Eur.) Fr. Icon. t. 26, upper figs., as Tricholoma flavo-brunneum Fr. Fulvum, tawny. P. 7-5-15 cm., reddish brown, or rufous tawny with a darker disc, fleshy, conico-convex, then flattened, broadly gibbous, viscid, streaked with fibrils, or innately squamulose. St. 7-5-12-5 cm. x 12 mm., rufescent, or becoming fuscous, streaked with rufous fibrils, attenuated at both ends, equal only when smaller, viscid at first, apex naked. Gills light yellow, spotted rufous when old or touched, emarginate, decurrent by a tooth, crowded. Flesh white, sulphur-yellow in the stem. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4 /u, 1-guttulate; "basidia on edge of gill filled with yellowish juice" Rick. Smell of new meal, or rancid. Decidu- ous woods, and heaths under birches. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 218 TBICHOLOMA 622. T. albobrunneum (Pers.) Fr. (= Tricholoma striatum (Schaeff.) Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 27, figs. 7-11. Albus, white; brunneum, brown. P. 7-5-10 cm., rich brown, or chestnut, fleshy, compact only at the papillose disc, campanulate, then hemispherical, viscid, streaked with innate fibrils; margin incurved, often wrinkled-crenate. St. 4-5 x 2-5- 4 cm., rufescent, constantly white at both ends, equal, dry, apex white mealy. Gills white, becoming pale, or rufescent, rounded emarginate, scarcely crowded, very broad, 6 mm. and more wide, firm. Flesh white, scissile. Spores white globose, or elliptical, 4-6 x 4/x, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 623. T. irregulare Karst. In, not; regulare, regular P. 10 cm., pale, tinged tawny rufous, convex, then expanded, very irregular, rather viscid, fibrillosely virgate. St. 6-9 x 1-5-3 cm., white, equal, curved, apex fiocculose. Gills white, then reddish, or spotted, emarginate. Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 3-4 x 2-3/it. Smell strong of meal. 624. T. ustale Fr. Gonnerm. & Rabenh. t. 14, fig. 2. Ustale, burnt. P. 3-8 cm., bay brown rufous, disc darker, fleshy, not compact, hemispherico-expanded, umbonate at first, soon plane, obtuse, viscid, smooth. St. 5-7 cm. x 12 mm., rufescent, apex whitish, equal, some- what rooted, dry, fibrillose, often rufous scaly downwards. Gills white, at length rufescent, emarginate, with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, rather broad. Flesh white, becoming reddish in places when broken. Spores white, subglobose, 5 x 4-5/x, 1-guttulate. Taste bitter. Pine woods, and under larches. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 625. T. pessundatum Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 21, no. 39. Pessundatum, ruined. P. 6-9 cm., bay brown, or rufescent, paler or whitish at the margin, compactly fleshy, convex, then expanded, very obtuse, granulate, or guttato-spotted, viscid. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5 cm., white, covered with small, brownish granules, bulbous at first, then somewhat equal. Gills white, then rufescent, deeply emarginate, somewhat free, crowded. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 5/x, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal, taste acid, and bitter. Edible. Fir woods, heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 626. T. stans Fr. (= Tricholoma striatum Schaeff. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 28, as Tricholoma pessundatum Fr. Stans, standing. P. 7-12 cm., rufescent, compact, convex, then flattened, smooth, viscid. St. 5-7-5 x 1-5-2 cm., whitish, tinged rufescent, squamulose, somewhat equal. Gills whitish, stained reddish on the margin, rounded behind, crowded. Flesh reddish under the cuticle. Spores white, TRICHOLOMA 219 elliptical, 7-8 x 5/z, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal. Pine woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) T. russula (Schaeff.) Fr. = Hygrophorus rassula (Schaeff.) Quel. T.frumentaceum (Bull.) Fr. = Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.) Quel. B. P. never viscid; torn into scales, or fibrillose. (a) Gills not changing colour. 627. T. rutilans (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 18, no. 32. Rutilans, becoming reddish. P. 520 cm., yellow, densely covered with granular, purplish downy scales, fleshy, campanulate, then convex and flattened, often umbo- nate. St. 6-9 x 1-2-5 cm., light yellow, besprinkled with purple, squamulose flocci, bulbous, then ventricose. Gills sulphur-yellow, sinuato-adnate, crowded, broad; margin thickened, obtuse, floccose. Flesh light yellow, golden when broken, soft, thick. Spores white, globose, or elliptical, 5-8 x 4-7 /i. Cystidia "on edge of gill, clavate, or clavate-capitate, rarely fusiform, 60-175 x 20-36/1," Kick. Taste mild. Poisonous. Stumps of conifers. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 628. T. variegatum (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1117, t. 642. Variegatum, variegated. P. 4-6 cm., yellowish, covered with purple-reddish flocci, slightly fleshy, fragile, convex, then flattened. St. 5-6 x -5 cm., yellowish, equal, curved, sometimes bulbous, rarely sprinkled with purple red- dish flocci, generally smooth. Gills light yellowish white, adnate, narrow, crowded, thin. Flesh pallid, yellowish in the st. Spores white, sub- globose, 7 x 6/i, with a large central gutta. On rotten wood, and pine stumps. June Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 629. T. decorum (Fr.) Quel. (= Pkurotus decorus Fr. Hym. Eur., Clitocybe decora Fr. Icon. t. 60, upper figs., Tricholoma rutilans (Schaeff.) Fr. sec. Dumee). Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 10, as Pleurotus decorus Fr. Decorum, beautiful. P. 5-12 cm., yellow, covered with linear, bistre fibrils that become black with age, fleshy, brittle, convex, then expanded, or depressed, often excentric. St. 6-10 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, covered with fibrils that blacken with age, equal, slightly enlarged at the base, often twisted. Gills golden yellow, adnate, or sinuato-adnate, 5-10 mm. broad, crowded, often separating from the p. when old, edge uneven. Flesh pale yellow, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4-5/tt, with a large central gutta. Taste bitter. Stumps of conifers. Sept. Oct. Un- , common, (v.v.) 630. T. centurio Kalchbr. (= Tricholoma molybdinum (Bull.) Quel., Clitocybe ampla Pers. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 4, fig. 2. Centurio, captain. P. 7-5-12-5 era., fuscous, then livid, acorn-shaped, then campanulate, 220 TRICHOLOMA strongly umbonate, at length expanded, and somewhat repand, cuticle breaking up into adpressed fibrils ; margin splitting. St. 7-10 x 5 cm., white, ventricose, obsolet ely fibrillose. Gills pallid, deeply emarginate, almost free, 6-8 mm. wide, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, globose, minute. Taste mild. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 631. T. luridum (Schaeff.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 31, figs. 48. Luridum, lurid. P. 10 cm., lurid, becoming yellow cinereous, sometimes light yellow, disc darker, convex, then plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, irregularly shaped, dry, the cuticle breaking up into free, brown fibrils ; margin fimbriate. St. 5-7-5 x 1-2-5 cm., whitish or yellowish, unequal, fibril- lose. Gills whitish, or glaucous, then greyish, emarginate, broad, very crowded. Flesh whitish, soft, fibrous. Spores white, "elliptical, 12 x 7- 8/A, 1-guttulate" Bat. Smell of new meal. Taste mild. Fir woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 632. T. guttatum (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Tricholoma amarum (A. & S.) Quel., Tricholoma gentianeum Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 31, figs. 9-12. Guttatum, spotted. P. 7-5-12 cm., cinnamon, or pale yellowish, disc darker, fleshy, con- vex, then flattened, broken up into granular, or fioccose squamules ; margin involute at first, white fioccose, remotely sulcate. St. 5-8 x 1-5 cm., white, subequal, mealy. Gills snow-white, emarginate, de- current in the form of lines, very crowded. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 3/n. Smell and taste bitter, somewhat acrid. Woods. Oct. Uncommon. 633. T. truncatum (Schaeff.) Quel. (= Hebeloma truncatum (Schaeff.) Fr.) Boud. Icon. t. 26. Truncatum, maimed. P. 5-10 cm., somewhat rufous, or yellowish tawny, convex, then de- pressed, undulato-repand, very irregular, smooth, then minutely floe- cose; margin whitish, or flesh colour, lobed, incurved, pruinose. St. 4-9cm. x S-\Om.m., white, equal, firm, pruinoselytomentose. Gillscmm colour, then flesh colour, emarginate with a tooth, narrow, often crisped, branched and anastomosing. Flesh white, firm. Spores yellowish in the mass, uncoloured under the microscope, elliptical, 5-8 x 3-4/it. Smell weak. Taste somewhat bitter. Edible. Fir, and deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 634. T. psammopum Kalchbr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 3, fig. 2. ^, sand; TTOU?, foot. P. 3-5 cm., tawny brown, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, or slightly umbonate, minutely fibrillosely squamulose, or smooth. St. 5-7 x 1-5 cm., concolorous, equal, or ventricose, attenuated at the base, TRICHOLOMA 221 granularly punctate from, the breaking up of the epidermis, apex white. Gills straw, or flesh colour, emarginate, adnate by a tooth, ventricose, subdistant, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, or whitish, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 x 3-4/>i, 1-guttulate. Taste mild, then slightly bitter. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 635. T. amarum (A. & S.) Quel. (= Clitocybe amara Fr., Tricholoma guttatum Schaeff., and Tricholoma gentianeum Quel. sec. Quel.) Amarum, bitter. P. 5-8 cm., rufescent, or becoming fuscous, then becoming pale whitish, fleshy, pliant, convex, then flattened, obtuse, often unequal, and Tepaud,fibrittosely-silky, becoming smooth and rivulose; margin paler, or whitish, thin, involute at first, tomentose. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 12 mm., white, equal, attenuated at the white floccose base, tough, elastic, firm, tomentose, often striate. Gills white, adnato-decurrent, or sinuate, crowded, thin, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, compact. Spores white, subglobose, 6 x 5/u., 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant. Taste very bitter. Woody places, and hedgerows. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. (v.v.) 636. T. opipamm (Fr.) Quel. (= Clitocybe opipara Fr.) FT. Icon. t. 49, upper figs., as Clitocybe opipara Fr. var. major Fr. Opiparum, splendid. P. 5-10 cm., yellowish flesh colour, pale yellow, or rosy flesh colour, very fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, delicately flocculose at first, then very smooth, shining. St. 4-7 x 1-2 cm., white, often becoming dis- coloured, firm, equal, or slightly attenuated at the base, smooth. Gills white, adnate, or adnato-decurrent, equally attenuated behind, crowded, 6-8 mm. broad, often connected by veins. Flesh white, com- pact. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4/u,, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste very pleasant. Edible. Mossy places under trees. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 637. T. columbetta Fr. (= Eypophyllum spermaticum Paul. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 29, lower figs. Columba, a pigeon. Entirely shining white, occasionally spotted with red or blue. P. 5-10 cm., disc sometimes greyish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, ob- tuse, flexuose, dry, at first smooth, then silky-fibrillose, becoming even, or squamulose; margin incurved, tomentose. St. 7-510 x 2-5 cm., equal, or unequal, sometimes attenuated at the base, often fibrillosely striate and tinged with bluish green towards the base. Gills somewhat emarginate, almost free, 4-6 mm. broad, often subserrulate. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 222 TRICHOLOMA 638. T. scalpturatum Fr. (= Tricholoma argyraceum (Bull.) Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 151. Scalpturatum, engraved. P. 5-7*5 cm., whitish, or greyish, becoming fuscous with the adpressed scattered, floccose, umber, or rufescent scales, fleshy, conical, then con- vex and flattened, often umbonate, floccose when young; margin fibrillosely tomentose. St. 3-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., whitish, equal, either thickened, or attenuated at the base, firm, adpressedly fibrillose. Gills white, or greyish white, becoming yellow, or spotted with yellow, emar- ginate, almost free, crowded, ventricose. Flesh whitish, becoming cine- reous, thin, slightly firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-7 x 3-4/x, 1 2-guttulate. Fir woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) (b) Gills rufescent, or becoming cinereous, edge often spotted red, or black. 639. T. imbricatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 30. Imbricatum, covered with tiles. P. 7-5-10 cm., rufous umber, torn into squamules except at the disc, fleshy, broadly convex, then flattened, and obtuse, very dry; margin thin, at first inflexed, pubescent, then naked. St. 4-5 x 2-5 cm., brownish, ventricose, base either conico-bulbous, or attenuated, adpressedly fibrillose, apex white, mealy. Flesh white, often becoming discoloured, firm, compact, thick. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 x 3-5/i, with a large central gutta. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 640. T. vaccinum (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 80, t. 60. Vaccinum, cow-like. P. 2-5-6 cm., rufous, torn up into floccose, squarrose, or when smaller, adpressed scales, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, dry; margin involute, very woolly, tomentose for a short distance on the p. over the base of the gills. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 8-16 mm., brownish, equal, thickened, or attenuated at the base, fibrillose, cortinote. Gills whitish, then spotted rufous, and at length rufescent, slightly sinuate, almost adnate, subdistant, 6-12 mm. broad. Flesh white, then reddish, firm, thick. Spores white, subglobose, 6-8 x 6-7 /A. Taste somewhat acrid. Coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) T. immundum Berk. = Collybia fumosa (Pers.) Quel. 641. T. inodermeum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1120, t. 945. t?, fibre; Sepyu.a, skin. P. 25 cm., fuscous becoming reddish, becoming torn up into fibrils, and variegated with radiating scales, slightly fleshy, conico-campanulate, acute, then rather convex and subumbonate. St. 7-8 cm. x 3-5 mm., whitish, becoming rufescent, firm, equal, scarcely fibrillose, apex white mealy. Gills white, becoming spotted red when touched, free, or slightly TRICHOLOMA 223 adnexed, very broad, strongly ventricose, almost semicircular, distant. Flesh white, slightly reddening, thin, fibrous in the stem. Spores white, elliptical, obtuse at both ends, more rarely with a basal apiculus, 7-9 x 4-5//,,3-4-guttulate. Coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 642. T. unguentatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 31, upper figs. Unguentatum, anointed. P. 5-10 cm., cinereous, or greyish brown, slightly fleshy, campanu- late, then expanded, umbonate, covered withfioccose, viscid squamules', margin at first inflexed, then spreading, smooth. St. 7-10 x 1-2-5 cm., grey, or white, equal, firm, laxly fibrillose. Gills dirty white, emarginate, crowded, very broad. Flesh white, firm. Pine woods. Sept. Rare. 643. T. gausapatum Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 35, figs. 1-4. yava-aTrrjs, a shaggy woollen cloth. P. 5-7-5 cm., cinereous grey, fleshy, somewhat thin, bullate, or ob- tusely campanulate, then expanded, repand, densely tomentose with superficial, separating, silky, adpressed fibrils ; margin white, incurved, woolly. St. 5-6 x 1 cm., shining white, equal, blunt, laxly fibrillose, cortinate. Gills grey, emarginate, free, crowded, 4 mm. broad, edge often uneven. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 p. Woods, and grassy places. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 644. T. terreum (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Tricholoma triste (Scop.) Quel.) Terreum, earthy. P. 4-8 cm., fuscous, mouse grey, bistre, or blackish, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, repand when larger, often umbonate, villous, for the most part floccoso-scaly, sometimes broken up into dark innate, adpressed, fibrils ; margin inflexed, naked. St. 5-8 cm. x 8-12 mm., white, or grey, equal, fioccosely fibrillose, apex white pruinose. Gills white, becoming cinereous, emarginate, subdistant, 6 mm. broad, edge uneven. Flesh whitish grey, thin, soft, fragile, scissile. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 5-7 x 4-5ja, 1-guttulate. Taste slightly acid. Edible. Coniferous, and beech woods. Jan. Dec. Very common, (v.v.) var. atrosquamosum Chev. Cke. Illus. no. 85, t. 51. Ater, black; squama, a scale. Differs from the type in the small black squamules on the p. and in the apex of the stem having a few black squamulose points. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 645. T. argyraceum (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma scalpturatum Fr. sec. Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 36, figs. 14-18. apyvpos, silver. P. 5-7 cm., whitish, or pale grey, covered with grey scales and fibrils, disc darker, often speckled with yellow, or bistre, convex, then plane, 224 TRICHOLOMA subumbonate; margin white. St. 4-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., white,or greyish, equal, often covered with small, blackish scales. Gills whitish, often tinged with yellow, sinuato-adnate, crowded. Flesh greyish. Spores white, pip-shaped, or almond-shaped, 5-6 x 3-5-4/z, with a large central gutta. Beech, oak, and pine woods. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 646. T. chrysites (Jungh.) Gillet. ^pvcrLrr)^, like gold. P. 4-5 cm., brownish black, often stained yellowish, campanulate, then plane, umbonate, covered with floccose scales ; margin yellowish. St. 4-5 cm. x 8-12 mm., white, often tinged with yellow, equal, slightly fibrillose, base reddish. Gills white, stained yellowish, especially at the edge, sinuato-adnate. Flesh yellowish. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4 /*. Pine woods, and under pines. Sept. Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) var.. virescens Wharton. Cke. Illus. no. 1118, t. 641, as Tricholoma argyraceum Fr . var . virescens Cke . Virescens, becoming green . Differs from the type in the p., St., and gills becoming greenish. Woods. Sept. 647. T. orirubens Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. n, t. 1, fig. 2. Os, mouth; rubens, becoming reddish. P. 6-8 cm., grey, disc brownish black, fragile, convex, then plane, smooth and pruinose, then shaggy. St. 5-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., white, streaked with rose colour, more or less coloured blue, or greenish at the base, fusiform, fibrillose. Gills white, edge reddish, emarginate, distant, undulating. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 6/i. Smell of new meal. Taste unpleasant. Woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 648. T. triste (Scop.) Fr. Triste, sad. P. 3-4 cm., dark grey, minutely scaly fibrillose, slightly fleshy, conico-campanulate, then convex and umbonate; margin involute, fibrillose, appendiculate with the white, arachnoid veil. St. 3-5 cm. x 5- 12 mm., white, with a fuscous ring-like mark, the remains of the arach- noid veil, floccose, then smooth. Gills whitish becoming cinereous, emarginato-adnexed, narrow, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, subglobose, 3-4 x 3/x, with a large central gutta. Under beeches. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) T. ramentaceum (Bull.) Quel. = Armillaria ramentacea (Bull.) Fr. 649. T. murinaceum (Bull.) Fr. Murinaceum, like mice. P. 510 cm., blackish brown, covered with darker, longitudinal fibres, and cracked, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, or gibbous; margin dark, incurved, woolly. St. 5-7 x 2-5 cm., concolorous, longitudinally streaked with blackish fibrils, thickened at the base. Gills white, then grey, deeply sinuate, very broad, fragile, often undulated and blackish TRICHOLOMA 225 on the edge, distant. Flesh white, then greyish, thick. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/n. Smell strong, unpleasant. Taste unpleasant. Mixed woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 650. T. squarrulosum Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 4. Squarrulosum, scaly. P. 4-8 cm., fuscous, densely covered with squarrose, blockish squamules, fleshy, convex, then expanded, dry; margin fibrillose, exceeding the gills. St. 4-5 cm. x 5-7 mm., concolorous, equal, or incrassated at the base, densely covered with blackish, fuscous squamules. Gills grey, becoming reddish when touched, sinuato-adnexed, almost free, 6-7 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh greyish, then white. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4-5/u,, with a large central gutta. In pine, and oak woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 651. T. horribile Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 7. Horribile, terrible. P. 10-12 cm., fuscous, and densely covered with dark fuscous squa- mules, that become squarrose with age especially on the disc, the p. becoming tinged with a pink background at maturity, fleshy, convex, then expanded; margin thin exceeding the gills. St. 8-9 x 2cm., white, smooth, incrassated at the base. Gills whitish, then pinkish, emarginate, very broad, 2 cm. wide, crowded, edge uneven. Flesh white, becoming pinkish, everywhere covered with fuscous spots, which on the interior of the p. suggest that its squamules have been riveted through the depth of the flesh. Spores white, globose, 5/t. Under beech trees. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) C. Cuticle of the p. rigid, punctate-granulate, or broken up into glabrous squamules when dry. (a) Gills white, or pallid, not spotted. 652. T. macrorhizum (Lasch) Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 3, fig. 1, as Tricho- loma macrocephalum Schulz. pa/epos, long; pia, root. P. 20-30 cm., ochraceous, then darker, fleshy, compact, convex, then plane, depressed at the disc, at first smooth, then broken up in a tesselated manner. St. 1015 x 5-6 cm., whitish, ochraceous downwards, very minutely granular, ventricose, prolonged into a thick, blunt, white root, deeply sunk in the soil. Gills pallid, deeply emarginate, almost free, attenuated in front, scarcely crowded, 12-18 mm. broad. Flesh white, firm, becoming light yellow when broken. Spores white, "irregu- larly globose, Qfj, " Massee. Smell very unpleasant, corpse-like Taste unpleasant. Under oaks in pastures. Sept. Nov. Rare. 653. T.compactumFr. Fr. Icon. t. 35, upper figs. Compactum, compact. P. 7-15 cm., cinereous-livid, fleshy, convex, then plane, smooth, dry, glabrous. St. 3-5 x 3 cm., white, attenuated upwards, smooth, 15 226 TRICHOLOMA polished. Gills yellow, rounded, subdistant. Flesh white, spongy, compact, softer in the stem. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 p,, guttu- late " Quel. Woods. Rare. 654. T. cartilagineum Fr. non Bull. Fr. Icon. t. 33. Cartilagineum, cartilaginous. P. 5-7-5 cm., blackish, becoming black-dotted from the cuticle breaking up into minute granules, fleshy, rigid, convex then expanded, gibbous, undulated ; margin persistently incurved, pubescent at first. St. 2-5-5 x 2-5 cm., shining white, firm but fragile, equal, polished. Gills white, then pale grey, emarginato-sinuate, crowded, moderately thin, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, not compact, somewhat fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4/n, with a large central gutta. Grassy places in woods, pastures, and under pines. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 655. T. tenuiceps Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1121, t. 1166. Tennis, thin; caput, head. P. 5-8 CTO.., fuliginous, fleshy at the disc, convex, obtuse, or some- times slightly gibbous, dry, granular. St. 7-5 x 2-5 cm., ochraceous white, tough, slightly attenuated upwards, minutely granular, base abrupt, furnished with long, spreading, cord-like mycelium. Gills white, adnexed, rounded behind, attenuated in front, 4 mm. broad, ventri- cose. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /x,. Amongst grass under trees. July. Uncommon. T. loricatum Fr. = Clitocybe cartilaginea (Bull.) Bres. 656. T. atrocinereum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 31, lower figs. Ater, black; cinereum, ash-coloured. P. 3-4 cm., cinereous, disc prominent, darker, fleshy, convexo-plane, smooth, dry, becoming rimosely incised and revolute at the margin. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 8 mm., whitish, equal, slightly striate with longitudi- nally adpressed fibrils, apex naked. Gills hyaline white, free, or decur- rent with a tooth, or arcuato-adnexed, somewhat ventricose, thin, crowded. Flesh hyaline when moist, hygrophanous, fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /u,, minutely punctate. Smell of new meal. Grassy ground, and coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 657. T. cuneifolium Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 91, t. 52, fig. B. Cuneus, a wedge ; folium, a leaf. P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous, or livid, then grey, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, at length depressed, pruinose. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4- 6 mm., pallid, attenuated downwards, rarely equal, hollow, somewhat fibrillose, becoming smooth. Gills white, then greyish, ovate-wedge- shaped, very much attenuated behind, very broad in front, deeply sinuato-adnate, crowded, fragile, often connected by veins. Flesh TRICHOLOMA 227 white, or greyish, very thin. Spores white, subglobose, 5-6 x 5/u,, minutely punctate, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal. Taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures, lawns, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) var. griseo-rimosum (Batsch) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 92, t. 261, as var. cinereo-rimosum Batsch. Griseus, grey; rimosum, full of cracks. Differs from the type in its larger size, and the concentrically rimose p. Generally abundant with the type, (v.v.) 658. T. amplum (Pers.) Rea. (=Clitocybeampla(Peis.)FT.,Tricholoma molybdinum (Bull.) Quel., Tricholoma centurio Kalchbr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 53, as Clitocybe ampla Pers. Amplum, large. P. 10-20 cm., dark bistre, disc reddish, becoming greyish, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, gibbous, minutely streaked with fibrils. St. 9-14 x 1-5-2 cm., white, equal, thickened at the base, firm, fibrillosely striate, apex mealy. Gills greyish, or yellowish, sinuato- adnate, 10-12 mm. broad, subdistant, margin often toothed. Flesh white, compact. Spores white, pip-shaped, 9 x 6/>t, 1-guttulate. Caespitose. Woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) (b) Gills becoming reddish, or cinereous, or spotted. 659. T. saponaeeum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 88. t. 91. Sapo, soap. P. 5-10 cm., fuscous livid, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, smooth, becoming cracked, and broken up into scales in dry weather, somewhat soapy when moist, margin thin, inflexed. St. 5-10 x 1-5- 2 cm., pallid, often becoming reddish, often unequal, curved, base attenuated, often rooting. Gills white with a glaucous tinge, becoming spotted with red, uncinato-emarginate, distant, thin. Flesh white, often becoming reddish, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/ti, 1-guttulate. Smell soapy. Deciduous, and pine woods. Aug. Nov. Very common, (v.v.) var. squamosum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 89, t. 216, as var. "stipite squamuloso." Squamosum, scaly. Differs from the type in the st. being covered with darkish scales. Woods, (v.v.) var. sulphurinum Quel. Sulphurinum, sulphur coloured. Differs from the type in the canary yellow p. and the pale yellow st. and gills. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. atrovirens (Pers.) Quel. Ater, black; virens, becoming green. Differs from the type in the dark green p. covered with black squa- mules. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) T. crassifolium Berk. = Collybia crassifolia (Berk.) Bres. 152 228 TRICHOLOMA 660. T. sudum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 34, lower figs. Sudum, dry. P. 6-9 cm., greyish rufous, or brownish, fleshy, convexo-plane, then reflexed, obtuse, often rimosely squamulose; margin paler. St. 6 8 x 1-5 cm., whitish, tinged with reddish, slightly attenuated upwards, punctate with minute squamules, fibrillosely striate, apex dilated, base white floccose. Gills whitish, becoming reddish at the edge, deeply emarginate with a decurrent tooth, crowded. Flesh white, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4/x, punctate. Grassy places in woods. Sept. Oct. Eare. 661. T. tumidum (Pers.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 39, figs. 1-5. Tumidum, swollen. P. 7-5-9 cm., cinereous-livid, disc darker, variegated with tiger-like spots, subcartilaginous, irregularly shaped, bullate, then undulated when expanded, at length rimosely incised, shining when dry; margin tlnn,lobed. St. 7-5 x 1-5-2 cm., shining white, equal, sometimes swollen, stout, striate, often attenuated and rooting at the base. Gills shining white, then cinereous rufescent, emarginate, 12 mm. broad, thicker at the base, subdistant. Flesh white, often tinged reddish in the St., firm, rigid. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/A, granular. Smell slight, pleasant. Moist pine woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. var. Keithii Phill. & Plowr. Rev. Dr J. Keith. Differs from the type in the cinereo-rufescent p., the dirty white st., with brownish innate fibrils, becoming tinged with red especially near the base, and in often having a strong smell of new meal. Pine woods. Oct. 662. T. hordum Fr. Hordum, pregnant. P. 8 cm., grey, disc darker, soon cracking, and covered with minute, squarrose scales, slightly fleshy, campanulato-expanded, then plane, subumbonate, revolute, dry. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, or greyish, equal, striate. Gills white, becoming cinereous, emarginate, broad, subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, "subglobose, 10/x, with a large central gutta" Quel., "elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /u" Kick. Taste mild. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 663. T. virgatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 34, upper figs. Virgatum, striped. P. 5-10 cm., grey-cinereous, umbo often darker, fleshy, rigid, convex, then flattened, subumbonate, very dry, streaked with fine black innate fibrils, or black squamules', margin straight, naked. St. 7-5-10 x 1- 1-5 cm., whitish, or greyish, firm, equal, or tuberous at the very base, striate, sometimes squamulose. Gills white, then greyish, becoming hoary, broadly emarginate, 6-10 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh greyish white, becoming white in the st., thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 67 x 4 5/z, punctate. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate, 45 x 10- !3fjL, filled with darkish juice " Rick. Taste very bitter when young, then mild. Mixed, and pine woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) TBICHOLOMA 229 664. T. elytroides (Scop.) Fr. eXvrpov, a cover; e'Sos, like. P. 6-9 cm., mouse grey, or brownish black, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, fragile, very dry, rough with crowded, erect minute granules, disc floccosely scaly, becoming hoary when old. St. 7- 8x 1-1 -5 cm., white, becoming cinereous, attenuated downwards, covered with erect, light grey fibrils. Gills cinereous, then pruinose, deeply emarginate, very broad, somewhat thick, fragile, veined at the base. Flesh white, sometimes becoming reddish, thick at the disc. Spores white, 6-7 x 4-5 /z, or "5-6 x 3-5-4 p. " Sacc. Smell weak, of new meal. Grassy places. Oct. Rare. 665. T. opicum Fr. Opicum, clownish. P. 2-5-3-5 cm., grey, or brownish grey, disc blackish, slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtusely, or conically umbonate, at length split, revolute, very dry, smooth, then minutely squamulose; margin often white, or whitish. St. 47-5 x -5 cm., pallid, becoming cinereous, somewhat shining, equal, fibrillose, becoming smooth. Gills white, or slightly greyish, becoming hoary, broadly emarginate, ventricose, some- what thick, scarcely distant. Flesh greyish, very thin at the margin. Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Rare. D. P. at first slightly silky, soon becoming smooth, very dry. (a) Gills broad, rather thick, subdistant. 666. T. sulphureum (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 96, t. 62. Sulphureum, sulphur coloured. P. 4-8 cm., sulphur yellow, disc dingy, or rufescent, fleshy, globose, then convexo-plane, subumbonate, at length depressed, unequal, silky, becoming smooth. St. 5-11 x 1 cm., concolorous, equal, often curved, striate. Gills sulphur yellow, adfixed, narrowed behind, arcuato- emarginate, rather thick, distant. Flesh yellow. Spores white, ellip- tical, 9-10 x 4 5/x. Smell pleasant, of gas tar. Oak, and mixed woods. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 667. T. bufonium (Pers.) Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 39, fig. 1. Bufo, a toad. P. 3-7 cm., umber, fuscous tan, or tawny, disc rufescent, fleshy, con- vexo-plane, subumbonate, silky, becoming smooth, rugulose. St. 4- 5 cm. x 8-14 mm., yellow, or tinged with red, equal, or attenuated at the base, fiocculose. Gills yellow tan, pallid, arcuato-subdecurrent, subdistant, margin often irregular. Flesh yellow. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/x. Smell weak, of gas tar. Pine woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 668. T. lascivum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 38, upper figs. Lascivum, wanton. P. 5-9 cm., pallid tan, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, at length somewhat depressed, delicately silky, then smooth, 230 TBICHOLOMA dry; margin at first involute. St. 7-5-11 x 1 cm., whitish, becoming discoloured, rigid, equal, fibrillose, apex white pruinose; base tomentose, white. Gills whitish, arcuato-adnexed, at length arcuato-decurrent, thin, crowded, broad. Flesh white, compact. Spores white, elliptical, 67 x 4 5/Lt. Smell very pleasant, like that of the flowers of Syringa vulgaris according to Quelet. Deciduous woods. Sept. Nov. Un- common, (v.v.) var. robustum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 99, t. 217. Robustus, strong. Differs from the type in being more robust, in the p. being almost white, and in there being scarcely any perceptible odour. Pastures. May. 669. T. inamoenum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 38, lower figs. Inamoenum, unpleasant. P. 3-6 cm., dingy white, fleshy, convex, then flattened, subumbonate, very dry, slightly silky, then smooth, or cracked. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 6- 12 mm., white, firm, equal, pruinose, villous. Gills shining white, emarginate with a decurrent tooth, or adnato-decurrent, plane, rather thick, very broad, very distant. Flesh white, firm, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 6-7 /n, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "clavate, with a prominent point, 33-40 x 9-12/i" Eick. Smell "pleasant, like honeysuckle " Quelet. Fir woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. insigne Massee. Insignis, striking. Differs from the type in the decurrent gills. 670. T. interveniens Karst. Interveniens, intermediate. P. 8 cm., tan, becoming pale, fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed, silky, then smooth, somewhat shining; margin involute, distantly rugulose. St. 11 x 1 cm., pallid, equal, fibrillose, apex pruinose, base tomentose, rooting. Gills becoming pale, arcuato-adnexed, crowded. Flesh watery. Spores white, oblong, attenuated at both ends, 6-7 x 2- 2-5/z. Smell almost none. Mixed woods. Sept. Rare. (6) Gills thin, crowded, narrow. Small, inodorous. 671. T. cerinum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 39, upper figs. Cerinum, wax coloured. P. 3-5 cm., dingy wax colour, or becoming fuscous, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, at length depressed, very opaque, very dry, silky, then smooth; margin often paler. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-8 mm., light yellow, often fuscous at the base, equal, fibrillosely striate. Gills dark yellow, or wax colour, sinuato-adnexed, separating, horizontal, plane, very thin, very crowded, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin, firm. Spores white, "2-3x2-3/i" Rick. Taste becoming bitter. Fir woods. July Oct. Rare. TRICHOLOMA 231 672. T. fallax Peck. Fallax, deceptive. P. 2-5 cm., yellow, disc sometimes rufous, thin, convex, then ex- panded, rarely depressed at the centre, moist, smooth. St. 2-5 cm. x 3 mm., pale yellow, base sometimes narrowed. Gills white, then yellowish, adnexed, rounded behind, crowded. Flesh thin. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/i. Under firs. Sept. Rare. 673. T. onychinum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 39, lower figs. Onychinum, yellowish marble colour. , P. 4-6 cm., dingy purple, or reddish bay, fleshy, convexo-plane and umbonate, then expanded and obtuse, very dry, opaque; margin paler, somewhat silky, narrowly incurved, striate. St. 4-6 cm. x 4- 8 mm., pallid, or yellow, apex becoming purple, then lilac, delicately fibrillosely silky, equal. Grills dark yellow, adnexed, then free, plane, horizontal, rounded behind, rather crowded, 24 mm. broad, unequal. Flesh white, becoming yellow, thin, firm. Spores white, ovoid, 4-5/u, punctate. Smell and taste pleasant. Under pines, and in fir woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 674. T. ionides (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 24. iov, violet; eZSo?, like. P. 3-6 cm., deep violet, becoming paler, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then plane, often umbonate, becoming smooth; margin incurved, pruinose. St. 3-6 cm. x 7-12 mm., paler violet, elastic, attenuated downwards, or thickened at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, becoming yellowish, emarginate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, 6 mm. broad, edge uneven. Flesh white, tinted violet in the p., and at the base of the st. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3/x, 1-2-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Moist woods, especially beech, and open pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. pravum (Lasch) Fr. Pravum, deformed. Differs from the type in being smaller, thinner, and more fragile, and in its fuscous-reddish, fuscous-purple, lilac-reddish, or livid colour. Stoves. July. 675. T. persicolor Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 25. Persicum, peach ; color, colour. P. 1-2 cm., ochraceous reddish yellow, convex, then flattened, slightly umbonate, hygrophanous, smooth. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-6 mm., con- colorous, equal, smooth. Gills whitish, tinged slightly with the colour of the p., sinuate, narrow, not crowded. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3-3-5 /x. Pastures. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 676. T. carneum (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma carneolum Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 40, fig. 2, as Tricholoma paeonium. Carneum, flesh coloured. P. 2-3 cm., red, then flesh colour, becoming pale, and shining, thin, slightly fleshy, hemispherical, then convex and regular, obtuse, at 232 TRICHOLOMA length flattened and obtuse, often umbonate, smooth, dry. St. 2-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., flesh colour, becoming pale, attenuated downwards, tough, almost cartilaginous, rigid, apex somewhat pruinose. Gills shining white, rounded, somewhat free, horizontal, very crowded, wider at the base, 2-3 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, ellip- tical, 5-6 x 2-3jLt. Pastures, heaths, and downs. July Oct. Com- mon, (v.v.) T. carneolum Fr. = Tricholoma carneum (Bull.) Fr. 677. T. caelatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 37, lower figs. Caelatum, engraved. P. 2-5-3 cm., fuscous, becoming pale grey when dry, slightly fleshy, convex, umbilicate, smooth, becoming flocculose and rimosely cracked. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 3-5 mm., concolorous, tough, elastic, equal, or slightly thickened at the pruinose apex. Gills dingy whitish, or grey, sinuato-adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, slightly arcuate, crowded. Flesh subfuscous, thin. Spores dingy white, elliptical, 8 x 4/i. Cystidia "subulate, 40-60 x 5-6 p, filled with olive yellow juice " Rick. Woods, and downs. Uncommon, (v.v.) E. P. fleshy, soft, fragile, spotted, or rivulose. Vernal, (a) GUIs whitish. 678. T. gambosum Fr. (= Tricholoma Georgii (L'Ecluse) Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 41, figs. 1-7. Gamba, a hoof. P. 7-5-11 cm., ochraceous, or pale tan, fleshy, hemispherico-convex, then flattened, obtuse, undulated, repand, even, smooth, spotted as with drops, at length widely cracked; margin at first involute, tomentose. St. 5-10 x 1-3 cm., white, or ochraceous, firm, almost equal, often curved-ascending at the base; apex white, villous, striate from the decurrent tooth of the gills. Gills whitish, rounded, or emarginato- adnexed, with a subdecurrent tooth, sinuato-decurrent when old, ventricose, 4-6 mm. wide, crowded. Flesh white, thick, soft, fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/u,, 2-guttulate. Smell and taste strong, of new meal. Edible. Pastures, often forming large rings. April June. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 679. T. Georgii (Clus.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 41, figs. 8-11. Georgius, Saint George. P. 4-6 cm., ochraceous, then white, fleshy, convexo-plane, then somewhat repand, often gibbous, dry, slightly floccose; margin naked. St. 4-6 x 1-5-2 cm., whitish, or tinged yellowish, attenuated down- wards, fibrillose. Gills whitish, attenuato-adnexed, narrow, crowded. Flesh white, firm, thick. Spores white, elliptical, 56 x 3/j,. Taste and smell weak, of new meal. Edible. Woods, and open downs. April June. Not uncommon, (v.v.) TRICHOLOMA 233 680. T. albellum Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 41, figs. 12-17. Albellum, whitish. P. 6-7 cm., yellowish, then whitish, becoming greyish when dry, fleshy, conical, then convex, gibbous when expanded, moist, spotted as with scales; margin thin, naked. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, fibrillosety striate, often incrassated at the base. Gills white, then cream colour, attenuato-adnexed, broad in front, very crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc, soft, floccose. Spores white, elliptical, 5- 6 x 3/ji, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste weak, of new meal. Edible. Woods, and under yews. April June. Uncommon, (v.v.) 681. T. boreale Fr. (= Tricholoma irinum (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 41, upper figs. Boreale, northern. P. 57-5 cm., flesh colour, then whitish tan, fleshy, very variable in shape, convex, umbonate, unequal, often flexuose, smooth, cracked wlien dry, margin thin, involute, naked. St. 5-7-5 x 1 cm., paler than the p., attenuated downwards, often twisted and incurved, apex obso- letely pruinose. Gills whitish, emarginate with a decurrent tooth, thin, crowded. Flesh white, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4 5/n. Smell of new meal. Grassy places in woods. June July. Uncommon. (v.v.) (b) Gills discoloured, rufescent, or smoky. 682. T. amethystinum (Scop.) Fr. non Quel. Amethystinum, amethyst colour. P. 3-5 cm., livid, spotted with azure blue, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, repand, smooth, even, moist; margin paler, wrinkled. St. 35 x 11-5 cm., paler than the p., attenuated at the base. Gills white, then rufescent, subadnate, crowded. Spores white, "ovoid, 7/u, long " Sacc. Pine woods. Sept. Rare. T. tigrinum Fr. Icon, non Schaeff. = Hygrophorus camarophyllus (A. & S.) Fr. 683. T. pes-caprae Fr. (= Clitocybe conglobata (Vitt.) Bres.) Pes, foot; capra, she-goat. P. 5-10 cm., grey, becoming fuscous, variegated, fleshy, conical, then expanded, umbonate, unequal, rimosely incised; margin thin, naked. St. 6-7 x 1 cm., white, equal or attenuated downwards, naked. Gills white, becoming cinereous, emarginate, very broad, 12-15 mm., at length distant. Flesh thick at the disc. Spores white, " 6 x 4 " Sacc. Smell of new meal. Edible. Open places under oaks. Oct. Nov. Kare. var. multiforme (SchaefE.) Cke. Schaeff. Icon. t. 14. Multiforme, many shaped. Differs from the type in its smaller size, and in the irregular thinner p. Lawns. Nov. Rare. 234 TBICHOLOMA F. P. compact, then spongy, obtuse, even, smooth, moist, but not hygrophanous. (a) Gills not discoloured. 684. T. Schumacher! Fr. Christian Friedrich Schumacher. P. 5-8 cm., cinereous livid, disc darker, becoming paler and whitish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, regular, smooth, moist; margin exceeding the gills, inflexed. St. 7-10 cm. x 10-12 mm., white, equal, villous and sometimes ventricoso-bulbous at the base, slightly striate, fibrous. Gills white, or cream colour, emarginate, very crowded, plane, 6-8 mm. broad. Flesh white, pinkish when broken, spongy, compact. Spores "elliptical, 9 x 6-7 /A, minutely punctate, glaucous" Quel. Taste mild. Woods, hot-houses. Sept. Oct. Rare. 685. T. amicum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 36, upper figs. Amicum, friendly. P. 5-9 cm., fuscous, disc sometimes darker, not becoming paler when dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, very regular, smooth. St. 7-9 x 1-5 cm., white, attenuated upwards from the subbulbous base, fibrillosely striate, elastic. Gills shining white, deeply emarginate, almost free, distant, 6-8 mm. broad. Flesh white, brownish under the cuticle, thick at the disc, rather soft. Spores "elliptical, 6 x 4/*" Massee. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 686. T. circumtectum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1125, t. 1182. Circumtectum, covered round. P. 5-8 cm., olive, or dusky, disc tawny, fleshy, convex, very obtusely umbonate, or only obtuse, rarely becoming slightly depressed, crack- ing slightly when old; margin incurved, tomentose, wavy. St. 3- 4 x 1-2 cm., whitish, firm, obclavate, or sometimes attenuated down- wards, striate. Gills white, slightly sinuate, adnexed, 34 mm. broad, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 /u,. Taste pleasant. Bare ground under trees. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 687. T. patulum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 37, upper figs. Patulum, spread out. P. 4-12 cm., pallid cinereous, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, often repand, smooth. St. 4-6 x 1-3 cm., white, firm, equal, some- what elastic, smooth. Gills whitish, emarginate, almost free, crowded, fairly narrow, 4 mm. broad, plane, somewhat veined at the sides. Flesh white, thin, not compact. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/Lt. Woods and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 688. T. oreinum Fr. opeivos, hilly. P. 3-9 cm., fuscous livid, fuliginous grey, or light bistre, becoming darker, convex, slightly gibbous, then globose, and plane; margin at first incurved, prolonged into a narrow membrane along the edge of the gill. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-12 mm., white, rigid, fibrillosely striate, apex floccosely mealy, base bulbous. Gills white, rounded, then free, crowded, TBICHOLOMA 235 thin, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh white, bistre under the cuticle. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6 JJL, minutely punctate. Cystidia lanceolate subulate, 25-30 x 4-6 /z, apex shaggy, 3/j, in diam. Taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths, and downs. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 689. T. album (SchaefE.) Fr. Album, white. Entirely white, or becoming yellowish at the disc. P. 5-12 cm., fleshy, convex, then flattened, becoming plane, obtuse, very dry, smooth; margin at first incurved, floccosely striate over the base of the gills. St. 7-8 x 1-1-5 cm., elastic, attenuated upwards, subbulbous, apex slightly mealy. Gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, 8 mm. broad. Flesh white, thick, not compact, fibrous in the stem. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 6 x 4-5 /*, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste bitter. Poisonous. Mixed woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. caesariatum Fr. Caesariatum, covered with hair. Differs from the type in being more slender, and in the silky fibrillose p. Shady beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 690. T. leucocephalum Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 33, figs. 8-13. Xeu/co?, white; ice$a\ri, head. P. 3-6 cm., white, disc sometimes becoming ochraceous, fleshy, thin, tough, convexo-plane, obtuse, or often umbonate, moist, smooth, when young covered with shining whitish, adpressed silky, at length separating villous down; margin acute, spreading, smooth. St. 4- 6 cm. x 5-10 mm., white, subcartilaginous, polished, twisted, smooth, rooting at the attenuated base. Gills shining white, rounded-free, crowded, thin. Flesh watery, becoming whitish, thin, compact. Spores white, ovoid, 6-7 x 4-6/z, minutely echinulate, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, of new meal. Deciduous woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. (b) GiUs discoloured. 691. T. acerbum (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma nictitans Fr. sec. Quel.) Barla, Champ, t. 44, figs. 1-5. Acerbum, bitter. P. 7-12 cm., yellowish buff, becoming rufous at the disc, fleshy, con- vexo-expanded, smooth, moist; margin involute, viscid, tomentosely ribbed over the base of the gills. St. 5-9 x 2-3 cm., white, becoming yellowish, apex white, mealy, base generally bulbous, sometimes attenuated. Gills pallid, then rufescent, emarginate, crowded. Flesh white, compact, firm. Spores white, globose, 3-Afj,. Smell unpleasant, taste bitter. Edible. Woods and downs. Aug. Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) 692. T. luteocitrinum Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8. Luteus, yellow; citrinus, citron. P. 2-7 cm., bright yellow, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and gibbous, floccose, soon breaking up into adpressed, small squamules, 236 TRICHOLOMA which become revolute and fibrillose with age ; margin citron yellow, involute. St. 6-7 x 1-2 cm., whitish, spotted with yellow, attenuated downwards. Gills whitish, becoming yellowish, sinuato-adnate, 4-5 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, citron yellow under the epi- dermis of the p., and dark yellow at the base of the stem. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4/x, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Under larches. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 693. T. militate (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 112, t. 169. Militare, soldier-like. P. 10-17 cm., reddish cinnamon, fleshy, gibbous, then plane, or depressed, compact, flexuous, rather smooth, viscid ; margin involute, white, floccose. St. 7-12 x 2-2-5 cm., pallid, becoming stained with red, fibrillosely striate, base subbulbous. Gills whitish, or reddish, then livid-spotted, emarginate, somewhat crowded, torn, margin eroded. Flesh white, brownish, under the cuticle of the p. and in the centre of the stem, thick, compact, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/A, 1-guttu- late. Smell very strong, taste unpleasant. Woods. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 694. T. civile Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 42, upper figs. Civile, citizen-like. P. 69 cm., tawny yellow, becoming paler, disc darker, fleshy, fragile, convexo-plane, obtuse, very smooth, moist, pellicle separable. St. 5- 8 x 23 cm., whitish, fragile, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, fibrillose, or squamulose. Gills whitish, becoming yellowish, deeply emarginate, almost free, crowded, 6 mm. broad, very soft. Flesh whitish, soft, fragile, spongy. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 5-6 x 3fji. Smell none, or like hay according to Barla. Taste sweet, then astringent, and bitter. Woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. 695. T. irinum Fr. (= Tricholoma boreale Fr. sec. Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. rv, t. 8. ipivov, belonging to the Iris. P. 5-12 cm., pale flesh colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, moist, glabrous, sometimes obscurely virgate ; margin white, incurved, pruinose. St. 6-12 x 2-3 cm., paler than the p., subbulbous, striate, apex whitish, pruinose. Gills pale ochre, becoming somewhat lurid with age, sinuato-adnate, narrow, 5-6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh tinted pale pink, then white, firm, thick, compact. Spores dirty pink, or yellowish in the mass, hyaline, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 7-9 x 4-5/i, 1-guttulate. Smell very pleasant, like Iris, or Viola, according to Quelet. Taste mild. Edible. Pastures, and orchards. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 696. T. personatum Fr. (= Tricholoma amethystinum Quel. non Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 113, t. 66. Personatum, masked. P. 6-15 cm., tan colour, fuscous, or whitish, very fleshy, thick, hemi- spherical, then convex and flattened, very obtuse, regular, at length TRICHOLOMA 237 also repand, smooth, moist in rainy weather, opaque when dry; margin white, involute at first, exceeding the gills, pruinose. St. 5-9 x 2-3 cm., whitish, covered with evanescent, Hue fibrils, equal, base often bulbous, firm, sometimes very short. Gills whitish, becoming discoloured, rounded, then free, broad, 10-15 mm., crowded. Flesh greyish when moist, white when dry, compact, then spongy-soft, thick. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5/z, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Forming large rings in pastures. Sept. Dec. Common. (v.v.) 697. T. saevum Gillet. Saevum, wild. P. 6-9 cm., pale tawny, or tan colour, sometimes tinted with violet, compact, fleshy, convex; margin incurved, exceeding the gills. St. 3-5 x 1-5-2 cm., lilac, or violaceous, apex paler, base white, slightly squamulose, equal. Gills dirty white, or yellowish white, emarginate, narrow, crowded. Flesh whitish, or slightly tinted with violet, thick, spongy. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5ju,. Woods, and pastures. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 698. T. glaucocanum Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 2. yKavKos, bluish grey; canum, hoary. P. 6-9 cm., bluish grey, becoming hoary, fleshy, somewhat soft, con- vex, then expanded, smooth, moist; margin involute, floccosely pruinose. St. 4-5 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, becoming paler, base bulb- ous, fibrillosely-striate, apex subsquamulose. Gills greyish violet, be- coming hoary, emarginate, easily separating from the hymenophore, very crowded. Flesh pale bluish grey, soft, thick. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3/x, 1-guttulate. Smell strong of new meal. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous, and beech woods on calcareous soil. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 699. T. nudum (Bull.) Fr. Berk. Outl. t. 4, fig. 7. Nudum, naked. P. 7-10 cm., entirely purple violaceous, or with the disc brownish, or tawny, becoming paler, fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed, obtuse, even, moist; margin inflexed, thin, naked. St. 5-9 x 2 cm., violaceous, becoming pale, elastic, equal, apex mealy. Gills concolorous, becoming pale, rounded, then decurrent, crowded, narrow. Flesh tinged with violet, becoming whitish when dry, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 3-4/A, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous, and deciduous woods, rarely in pastures. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) . var. inajus Cke. Majus, larger. Differs from the type in being larger, and more robust. Woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 238 TRICHOLOMA var. lilaceum Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 3, fig. 1, as Tricholoma sordidus Fr. Lilaceum, lilac colour. Differs from the type in its small size, and the blue violaceous colour of all its parts. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3ft, 1-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 700. T. cinerascens (Bull, non Fr.) Quel. (= Clitocybe fumosa Fr. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 29. Cinerascens, becoming ash-colour. P. 4-10 cm., fuliginous fuscous, or livid, becoming grey when dry, fleshy, firm, convex, then plane, gibbous, sometimes slightly umbonate, either circinate and regular, or flexuose and undulated, smooth, some- what hygrophanous. St. 5-10 cm. x 8-16 mm., whitish, often stained with brown towards the base, cylindrical, or attenuated at the base, fibrillose, apex pruinose, often connate at the base, or branched. Gills greyish white, paler than the p., adnate, or emarginate, crowded. Flesh greyish, white when dry, thick at the disc, firm. Spores white, globose, 5-6/u-, punctate. Taste becoming bitter. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 701. T. panaeolum Fr. (= Tricholoma nimbatum (Batsch) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 36, lower figs. iravalo\o<;, variegated. P. 510 cm., cinereous-fuliginous, becoming paler, pruinosely hoary, and spotted, fleshy, convex, then plane, or here and there depressed, obtuse, often repand and excentric; margin thin, involute, mealy. St. 3-7-5 x 1-2 cm., whitish-grey, fragile, equal, or attenuated at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, then grey, or dingy rufescent, emarginate, or rounded, at length decurrent, very crowded, plane, 4 mm. broad. Flesh greyish, becoming whitish, with a horn colour line at the base of the gills, thick at the disc, soft. Spores dirty pink in the mass, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/i. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Form- ing large rings in pastures. Oct. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. caespitosum Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 153. Caespitosum, caespitose. Differs from the type in its caespitose habit, the mealy apex ofthest., and the narrower gills. Hilly pastures, and heaths. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) var. calceolum (Sterb.) Fr. Calceolus, a small shoe. Differs from the type in the deformed p., the naked, incised margin, the excentric, short, fusiform st. and the fuliginous gills. Under hazels. Oct. Rare. 702. T. cnista Fr. (? = Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Dumee.) Kvlcra, smell of burnt sacrifice. P. 58 cm., pale tan, or whitish, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, moist; margin incurved naked. St. 3-5 cm. x 8-10 mm., white, tough, equal, smooth. Gills white, pallid yellow TRICHOLOMA 239 when bruised, adnexed, rounded behind, inclined to separate from the p., transversely veined, crisped when dry. Flesh white, rather thick, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7-10 x 4/x,, "roughish" Eick. Smell of cooked flesh. Amongst grass in open places. Sept. Oct. Rare. 703. T. duracinum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1126, t. 640. Durus, hard; acinum, berry. P. 5-7-5 cm., cinereous, fleshy, firm, convex, broadly umbonate, dry, smooth, shining; margin involute. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5-3 cm., paler than the p., or greyish white, attenuated upwards, striate below, apex reticulately squamose. Gills cinereous, emarginate, arcuate, narrow, 2-3 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh nearly white, thick, firm. Under cedars. Oct. Rare. G. P. thin, subumbonate, hygrophanous (Melanoleuca Pat.), (a) Gills whitish, unspotted. 704. T. grammopodium (Bull.) Fr. (=Tricholomamelaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec.Dumee.) Cke.Illus.no. 118, t. 98. 7pa/i/z.7,aline; 7rou9,foot. P. 7-15 cm., pallid-livid, or fuscous rufous, whitish when dry, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, at length flattened, obtusely umbonate, smooth, moist pellicle separable. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, longi- tudinally striate with bistre, or brownish fibrils, elastic, equal, base thickened, firm. Gills whitish, becoming brownish, arcuato-adnate, or broadly, horizontally emarginate, often acute at both ends, very crowded, very many shorter gills, often branched behind. Flesh bistre when moist, becoming white when dry, thick at the disc, spongy. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-6/4, punctate. Smell mouldy. Edible. Forming large rings in pastures and orchards, and solitary, on leaf mould, in deciduous woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 705. T. melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. (= Tricholoma arcuatum Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 44, upper figs. ^eXa<?, black; \evfcov, white. P. 4-10 cm., dark fuliginous when moist, then livid fuscous, paler when dry, umbo blackish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, umbonate, smooth, moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish with darker striae, base fuscous, elastic, thickened at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, emarginato-adnexed, horizontal, straight, broad, more or less ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, becoming fuliginous, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 5/n, warted, apiculate at the base. Cystidia on edge of gill lanceolate subulate, 50-60 x 10-15/u,, shaggy at the apex. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Common. (v.v.) var. adstringens (Pers.) Quel. Adstringens, abridged. Differs from the type in the rigid, pitch black p. and in the white gills becoming pinkish. Pastures, and downs. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 240 TRICHOLOMA 706. T. porphyroleucum (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Dumee.) Cke. Illus. no. 119, t. 119. Trop^vpa, purple; \evic6v, white. P. 4-6 cm.., fuliginous, or fuscous, becoming rufescent, with a darker, evanescent umbo, fleshy, firm, convex, then plane and depressed, smooth. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-9 mm., bistre, equal, striate, apex white mealy. Gills white, often becoming yellowish, sinuato-adnate, attenu- ated in front, somewhat distant. Flesh white, cinereous under the cuticle of the p., bistre in the st. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 5 {JL. Pastures, and open downs. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 707. T.polioleucumFr. (=Tricholomamedium(Paul.)Quel., Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers. )Fr sec. Dumee.) 7roXi09,grey; Xeu/cov, white. P. 5-7 cm., grey, umbo darker, whitish at the margin, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed, umbo often evanescent, pruinose, margin often scalloped. St. 4-6 x 1 cm., concolorous, elastic, striate, apex mealy, equal. Gills whitish, or greyish, sinuate, decurrent by a tooth, attenuated in front, edge denticulate, crowded. Flesh greyish, becoming white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/>t, rough. Taste pleasant. Edible. Lawns, and hilly pastures. Aug. Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) 708. T. phaeopodium (Bull.) Quel. (= Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Dumee.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 46, fig. 16. <ato?, dusky; ?rou9, foot. P. 3-5 cm., blackish bistre, becoming paler, fleshy, convex, then plane, subumbonate, smooth ; margin incurved. St. 5-7 cm. x 4- 9 mm., concolorous, equal, striate; base subbulbous, clothed with the white mycelium. Gills white, sinuato-adnate, 7-9 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh dark bistre, very thin at the margin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5-6/Li, minutely warted. Damp pastures, and woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 709. T. arcuatum (Bull.) Quel. (= Tricholoma arcuatum var. cognatum (Fr.) Quel. and Rene Maire, Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Dumee.) Gillet, Champ, t. 665. Arcuatum, curved. P. 5-10 cm., pale brownish, brownish clay colour, or coffee and milk colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, becoming smooth, moist, hygro- phanous; margin at first involute. St. 4-8 cm. x 7-14 mm., con- colorous, firm, equal, fibrillose, base thickened. Gills yellowish, tinged with pinkish flesh colour, emarginate, decurrent with a long tooth, broad, moderately crowded. Flesh white, tinged with flesh colour, soft, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 6/x, punctate. Cystidia "on edge of gill lanceolate, 40-60 x 10-1 2 /a" Eick. Taste mild. Heaths, and on twigs, and rotting wood, in coniferous woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. TRICHOLOMA 241 710. T. brevipes (Bull.) Fr. (= Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Dumee.) Cke. Illus. no. 120, t. 68. Brevis, short; pes, foot. P. 58 cm., umber, becoming pale, fleshy, convex, then plane, smooth, moist, opaque when dry; margin at first strongly incurved. St. 13 x 1-3 cm., fuscous, or bistre, rigid, firm, equal, attenuated down- wards, or bulbous, fibrillose, apex pruinose. Gills fuscous, or bistre, becoming whitish, emarginato-free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh of p. fuscous, becoming white when dry, fuscous in the st., especially at the base, firm, then soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/x, punctate. Cystidia on edge of gill sparse, lanceolate, 55-65 x ll-14|u, shaggy at the apex. Taste mild. Edible. Pastures, woods, and cinder paths. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 711. T. humile (Pers.) Fr. (= Tricholoma exscissum Fr. sec. Quel., Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Dumee.) Cke. Illus. no. 122, t. 263, fig. A. Humile, lowly. P. 5-12 cm., fuscous-cinereous, mouse grey, or bistre, becoming pale, fleshy, convex, soon flattened, somewhat repand, often umbonate, sometimes depressed, pruinose, pulverulent, hygrophanous ; margin thin, exceeding the gills, often white. St. 4-9 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white, or becoming greyish, fragile, somewhat equal, villosely pulverulent. Gills white, then greyish, rounded-adnexed, decurrent with a tooth, and often arcuato-decurrent, crowded, narrow, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, grey under the cuticle, soft, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 9 x 6ja, minutely echinulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill lanceolate, pointed, 55-65 x 10-13/>t, shaggy at the apex" Rick. Smell of new meal. Edible. Woods, and pastures. April Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) var. blandum Berk. = Tricholoma melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. var. evectum Grove. Evectum, carried out. P. 7-59 cm., fuscous, becoming pale, plane, then depressed, or con- cave, smooth; margin entire, not striate. St. 7-5-8 cm. x 8mm., somewhat fuscous, incrassated at the apex, thickened at the base, fibrous, punctately squamulose, striate, apex white, pulverulent. Gills pale ochraceous, sinuate, crowded, thin, edge entire. Flesh pallid. Spores white, oval, 6-7 x 4-5|u,. Amongst heaps of leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 712. T. exscissum Fr. (= Tricholoma humile Pers. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 44, lower figs. Exscissum, torn out. P. 3-7 cm., mouse grey, or fuscous cinereous, becoming paler and often yellowish, slightly fleshy, campanulate, soon plane, with a pro- minent umbo, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm, x 2-8 mm. white, then ochraceous, equal, polished. Gills white, emarginate, linear, narrow, 2-3 mm. B. B. B. 16 242 TRICHOLOMA broad, edge uneven. Flesh white, or yellowish, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /LI, punctate. Pastures. May Sept. Un- common, (v.v.) 713. T. subpulverulentum (Pers.) Fr. (= Tricholoma medium Paul. sec. Quel.) Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 39. Sub, somewhat; pulverulentum, dusty. P. 4-8 cm., livid, becoming whitish with the innate pruina, fleshy, convex, then plane, or depressed; margin inflexed, exceeding the gills. St. 4-6 x 1 cm., concolorous, equal, smooth, substriate, apex obsoletely pruinate. Gills white, becoming darker, rounded, crowded, narrow. Flesh white, hygrophanous. Spores very pale ochraceous in the mass, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/z, minutely punctate. Often forming large rings in pastures, and woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) (b) Gills becoming violet, grey, or fuliginous. 714. T. sordidum (Schum.) 'Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 47, figs. 10-18. Sordidum, dirty. P. 3-8 cm., bistre, or livid-lilac, becoming fuscous and pale when old, somewhat fleshy, campanulato-convex, then plane, or depressed, sub- umbonate, often undulate, or excentric when old, smooth; margin often slightly striate at maturity. St. 4-6 x 1-2-5 cm., concolorous, flexuose, pliant, often thickened at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills violaceous, becoming pale, or fuliginous, rounded, then sinuato-decur- rent, at length distant. Flesh grey, or tinged with lilac, thin. Spores pale ochraceous in the mass, elliptical, 7-8 x 4/x,. Taste mild. Edible. Pastures, hedgerows, and manure heaps. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 715. T. paedidum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 46, upper figs. Paedidum, nasty. P. 3-5 cm., fuliginous mouse grey, somewhat fleshy, flaccid, cam- panulate, then convex, flattened, umbonate, at length depressed round the conico-prominent umbo, moist, radiately streaked with innate fibrils, becoming smooth. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., dingy grey, subcarti- laginous, slightly bulbous at the base, substriate. Gills whitish, then grey, sinuate with a small decurrent tooth, narrow, crowded. Flesh becoming white, very thin, very tough. Spores white, "elliptic-fusi- form, 10-11 x 5-6/Li" Massee. Grassy places in woods. Aug. Eare. 716. T. lixivium Fr. (= Tricholoma arcuatum (Bull.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 45, lower figs. Lixivium, made into lye. P. 5-10 cm., cinereous fuscous, then umber, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, umbonate (the umbo vanishing), sometimes sinuous, smooth; margin flattened, membranaceous, at length slightly striate. St. 58 x -5-2 cm., concolorous, at first white-fioccoso-pruinose, often flexuose, apex white, fragile. Gills grey, rounded-adnexed, truncato- free, distant, soft, 6 mm. broad, sometimes crisped, attenuated from TRICHOLOMA. ENTOLOMA 243 the stem towards the margin. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3fj,, 1-guttulate. Pine woods, and under conifers. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 717. T. putidum Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 47, figs. 19-22. Putidum, stinking. P. 3-6 cm., greyish bistre, or olivaceous, becoming hoary when dry, often sprinkled with white silkiness, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, hemispherical, umbonate, soft; margin straight. St. 4-9 x -5-1 cm., grey, equal, covered with a white, thin, evanescent pruina, fibrillosely striate, somewhat fragile. Gills cinereous, sinuato-adnate, ventricose, crowded, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh bistre, thin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 9-11 x 4-5 p, with a large central gutta. Smell rancid, of new meal. Fir woods, and amongst pine needles. Oct. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) Spores pink. Entoloma Fr. (eVro9, within; \(Ofia, a fringe.) Pileus fleshy, regular, or irregular. Stem central, fibrous, or fleshy. Gills sinuate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores pink, angular, globose, elliptical, or verrucose. Cystidia rarely present. Growing on the ground, very rarely on wood; solitary, gregarious, or caespitose. I. Pileus fleshy, smooth, moist or viscid. 718. E. sinuatum Fr. (= Entoloma lividum (Bull.) Fr. sec. Dumee.) Cke. Illus. no. 316, t. 310. Sinuatum, waved. P. 8-25 cm., becoming yellowish white, very fleshy, convex, then expanded, at first gibbous, then depressed; margin repand, sinuate. St. 7-18 x 2-5 cm., shining white, firm, equal, compact, fibrillose, then smooth. Gills pale yellowish-rufescent, emarginate, slightly ad- nexed, 12-18 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pink, angular, globose, 8-9 ju,. Smell strong, pleasant, almost like burnt sugar. Taste pleasant. Poisonous. Gregarious, in mixed woods. July Oct. Common, (v.v.) 719. E. lividum (Bull.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 90, fig. 3. Lividus, livid. P. 7-15 cm., livid tan, becoming pale, fleshy, disc somewhat com- pact, convex, then plane, somewhat gibbous, silky, fibrillose under a lens. St. 7-8 x 2-5-3 cm., shining white, equal, slightly striate, apex pruinose. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, rounded, somewhat free, attenuated in front, 6-10 mm. broad, distant. Flesh white, brownish under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 9- 11 x 6-8 /x, 1-3-guttulate. Smell pleasant, of new meal, then becoming unpleasant. Taste pleasant. Poisonous. Woods, and pastures. April Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 162 244 ENTOLOMA var. roseum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 318, t. 469. Roseum, rosy. Differs from the type in the rosy disc, and the whitish margin of the p. On logs. 720. E. prunuloides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 91, fig. 1. Prunulus, the species prunulus', eZSo?, like. P. 5-7 cm., whitish, becoming yellow, or livid, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, at length flattened, subumbonate, viscid, finally longi- tudinally rimose; margin at length slightly striate. St. 6-8 cm. x 6- 8 mm., white, fibrous-fleshy, even, often slightly striate. Gills white, then flesh colour, somewhat free, emarginate, rarely rounded, slightly adnexed at first, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, yellowish in the centre of the stem. Spores pink, angular, 8-10 x 8ju,, 1-multi-guttulate. Smell strong, of new meal. In woods, and pastures. May Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 721. E. porphyrophaeum Fr. (= Entoloma phaeocephalum (Bull.) Quel., Entoloma placenta Batsch sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 93, fig. 1. Tropffrvpa, purple; <f>aiov, dusky. P. 4-10 cm., brownish bistre, becoming paler and mouse colour when dry, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, cracking, minutely fibrillose. St. 5-7 cm. x 8-12 mm., greyish, streaked with violet or lilac fibrils, base subbulbose, white villose, attenuated up- wards. Gills greyish white, then reddish grey, truncate behind, almost free, ventricose, rather distant, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh bluish, or brownish, becoming white. Spores pink, angular globose, 7-8 x 7/x, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "inflated, large, flask-shaped, occasionally with a roundish head" Lange. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 722. E. repandum (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Champ, t. 423, fig. 2. Repandum, bent backwards. P. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, or ochraceous, fleshy, conical, then expanded, umbonate, striate with darker spots, somewhat silky when dry; margin incurved, lobed. St. 4 cm. x 5-6 mm., white, silky. Gills flesh colour, broader in front. Spores " substellate, 11 x 6/z, becoming yellow" Sacc. Smell of new meal. Pastures. June Oct. Eare. 723. E. erophilum Fr. rjp, spring ; <f>L\ov, loving. P. 3-4 cm., brownish, or greyish, slightly fleshy, convex, then ex- panded, obtuse, venosely striate and virgate. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, becoming greyish, equal, pruinose. Gills greyish, then flesh colour, rounded behind, adnate, wide. Flesh white, yellowish under the cuticle of the p. Spores pink, globose, 7-9 /A, 1-guttulate. Woods, and hilly pastures. May Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) ENTOLOMA 245 724. E. placenta (Batsch) Fr. (= Entoloma phaeocephalum (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 321, t. 314. Placenta, a flat cake. P. 4 cm., brown, fleshy, convex then flattened, umbonate, orbicular, moist when damp. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., brown, wholly fibrous, equal, fibrilloso-striate. Gills whitish, then pallid flesh colour, emargi- nato-adnexed, crowded, rather thick. Flesh becoming pale, thin. Spores pink, globose, S/A. Taste becoming acrid. Hedgerows, and damp places. April Oct. Rare. 725. E. helodes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 322, t. 339. eXo?, a marsh. P. 3-6 cm., varying cinereous, fuliginous, and at the same time becoming purple, slightly fleshy, convex, then rather plane, tough, umbonate, often depressed round the umbo, often as if variegated with tiger-spots; margin spreading, sometimes striate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 6 mm., cinereous-fibrillose, becoming pallid cinereous, fragile, equal, or slightly thickened at the base, sometimes twisted. Gills white, then flesh colour, obtusely adnate, 6 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores pink, subglobose, 10/z, coarsely warted. Smell of new meal, taste watery. Heathy pastures, and bogs. Sept. Oct. Un- common. 726. E. Batschianum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 325, t. 326. A. J. G. C. Batsch, author of Elenchus Fungorum. P. 1-4 cm., dark fuscous, ox fuliginous black, slightly fleshy, viscid, shining when dry, slightly convex, scarcely umbonate, then depressed ; margin at first manifestly involute. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-10 mm., grey, moderately tough, wholly fibrous, equal, or attenuated at both ends, slightly striate with adpressed fibrils. Gills whitish, then cinereous, or -fuliginous, narrowed behind, wholly adnexed at the apex, crowded, becoming subdistant. Flesh yellowish. Spores pink, angular, sub- globose, 6-9 x 6-7 /x. On the ground, and among fir needles in damp places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 727. E. Bloxamii Berk. (= Entoloma madidum (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 326, t. 327. Rev. A. Bloxam, a British mycologist. P. 2-10 cm., blackish-blue, compact, campanulate, very obtuse, somewhat lobed, moist, slightly silky. St. 3-8 cm. x 12-15 mm., concolorous, base white, obtuse, slightly attenuated upwards, fibrillose. Gills yellowish, then pale pink, attenuated behind, or slightly adnexed, moderately broad. Flesh white, bluish under the cuticle, very thick in the centre. Spores pink, subglobose, minutely warted, 8 9 jit. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. triste Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 92. Triste, gloomy. Differs from the type in its blackish grey slate colour. 246 ENTOLOMA 728. E. Parrahii Massee & Crossland. Naturalist, 1904, t. 1, figs. 1-4. John Farrah, F.L.S. P. 5-6 cm., blackish-blue, cylindrico- ovate, then campanulate and somewhat repand, umbonate, fibrilloso-silky; margin pallid. St. 6- 7 x 11-5 cm., concolorous, ventricose, base white. Grills salmon colour, sinuato-adnexed, broad, ventricose, somewhat distant. Spores pink, elliptical, smooth, 10 x 4 5/z. Cystidia cuspidate, ventricose, 50-60 x 12-15/A. Taste mild. Pastures. Sept. Uncommon. 729. E. ardosiacum (Bull.) Fr. (= Entoloma nitidum Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 327, t. 328. apSeiv, to water. P. 25 cm., steel-blue-fuscous, becoming blackish when young, and cinereous when older, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, often slightly depressed at the disc. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., steel- blue, slightly attenuated upwards, easily splitting into fibres. Gills white, or grey, then flesh colour, free, broad, ventricose, attenuated behind, crowded, edge uneven. Flesh white, bluish under the cuticle of the p. Spores pink, angular, subglobose, 8-10 x 6-8/u, 1-guttulate. Moist meadows, and bogs. July Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 730. E. madidum Fr. (= Entoloma Bloxamii Berk. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 91, fig. 3. Madidum, soaked. P. 2-6 cm., blackish violet when young, fuliginous when old, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, viscid in wet weather, shining when dry; margin inflexed, thin, slightly striate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-10 mm. at the white base, x 4-6 mm. at the apex, violet, thickened in a clavate manner below, fleshy fibrous, surface fibrillose, apex naked. Gills greyish white, slightly adnexed, almost free, ventricose, watery, soft. Flesh white, darkish under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores pink, globose, angular, 6-8/A. Smell strong, somewhat like that of Russula foetens. In pastures, and amongst leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 731. E. liquescens Cke. (= Psilocybe spadiceo-grisea (Schaeff.) Fr. sec. Boud.) Cke. Illus. no. 328, t. 581. Liquescens, dissolving. P. 5-6 cm., yellowish ochre, disc reddish brown, convex, then plane, broadly umbonate, margin thin, flexuose. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, equal, flexible. Gills white, then pale dirty lilac, free, crowded, deliquescent. Flesh white, thin. Spores pink, subglobose, irregular, 7-8 fj,. On the ground under trees. April. 732. E. ameides B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 329, t. 341. d/4et8?79, gloomy. P. 2-5-6 cm., pale reddish grey, irregular, broadly campanulate, thin, gibbous, centre polished; margin white- flocculent, at length smooth, silky-shining, undulated. St. 3-4 cm. x 5-10 mm., whitish, ENTOLOMA 247 compressed, striate, fibrillose, apex flocculent, base villose. Gills greyish, then flesh colour, slightly adnexed, distant, wrinkled. Flesh becoming reddish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 12-13 x 9ju,, 1-guttu- late. Smell a,t first unpleasant, like a mixture of orange-flower water and starch, or of burnt sugar. Pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon. (v.v.) E.frumentaceum (Bull.) Berk. = Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.) Quel. E. Cookei Kich. = Pleurotus palmatus (Bull.) Fr. II. P. absolutely dry, flocculose, or somewhat scaly. 733. E. Saundersii Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 331, t. 306. W. W. Saunders who collaborated with W. G. Smith in Myco- logical Illustrations. P. 4r-12 cm., white, becoming fuscous when old, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, or umbonate, repando-lobed, adpressedly tomentose. St. 3-10 x 1-1-5 cm., white, equal, silky-fibrous, apex furfur aceous. Gills reddish, slightly adnexed, often quite free, broad, distant. Flesh white, yellowish under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores pink, elliptical, 4-6 x 3-4 /x, 1-guttulate ("round, slightly angular, ll-13ju," Boud.). On the ground, river-sand, sawdust. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 734. E. fertile 'Berk. (= Entoloma lividum (Bull.) Fr. sec. Big. & Guill.) Cke. Illus. no. 332, t. 316. Fertile, fruitful. P. 10-15 cm., pinkish-buff, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, pulverulento-squamulose. St. 6-12 x 2-3 cm., paler than the p., firm, fibrillose, subsquamulose, subcompressed, base subbulbose. Gills flesh colour, adnexed, nearly free. Flesh white, thickest at the disc. Smell pleasant, of new meal. Woods. Aug. Sept. Rare. 735. E. Rozei Quel. Quel. Soc. Bot. xxm, t. 2, fig. 2. E. Roze, the eminent French mycologist. P. 3 cm., pearl grey, lilac at the margin, thin, convex, umbonate, then plane, velvety with thin, very short, white hairs. St. 5-6 x -5 cm., white, somewhat silvery, silky-fibrillose, apex bistre. Gills white, then flesh colour, adnate, emarginate. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 10/u,. Amongst Sphagnum, and under pines. July Oct. Uncommon. 736. E. jubatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 92, fig. 1. Jubatum, having a mane. P. 3-8 cm., mouse colour, somewhat fleshy, campanulate, then ex- panded and flattened, umbonate, floccoso-scaly, or fibrillose. St. 5 12 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, fleshy-fibrous, though rigid, fragile, equal, clothed with fuliginous fibrils. Gills dark fuliginous, then purple fuliginous, slightly adnexed, somewhat emarginate, easily separating, 248 ENTOLOMA crowded, ventricose. Flesh white, thin, easily scissile. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 10-12 x 7-8^,, multi-guttulate. Heaths, and pas- tures May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 737. E. resutum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 92, fig. 2. Resutum, ripped open. P. 2-3 cm., becoming fuscous, disc darker, slightly fleshy, convex, somewhat obtuse, densely floccoso- scaly, sometimes with darker ad- pressed scales, sometimes becoming even, longitudinally fibrillose. St. 47 cm. x 24 mm,, somewhat grey, wholly fibrous, soft, equal, polished, slightly striate. Gills grey, at first darker, adnexed, very ventricose, almost free, 4 mm. broad, rather crowded, rather thick. Spores pink, "irregular, globose-elliptical, angular, 9-12 x 7-8 p,, also subglobose, 7-10/x" Herpell. Woods, and pastures. Oct. Un- common. 738. E. griseocyaneum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 94, fig. 1. Griseus, grey; KVCLVOS, dark blue. P. 2-4 cm., grey, or inclining to lilac, thin, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, wholly floccoso-scaly '. St. 46 cm. x 46 mm., pallid, then be- coming azure-blue, sometimes white, fibrous, floccoso- fibrillose. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnexed, separating- free, ventricose. Flesh bluish, becoming white. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 9-11 x 7-8 /it, 1-guttulate. Pastures, downs, and woods. June Oct. Not uncom- mon, (v.v.) var. roseum Maire. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11. Roseum, rosy. Differs from the type in the pink stem, and the pink pileus covered with darker scales. Downs, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) 739. E. Wynnei B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 339, t. 329. Mrs Lloyd Wynne, of Coed Coch. P. 3-4 cm., fuliginous, convex, then' plane, more or less umbonate, often wavy, velvety, then squamulose; margin striate, often undulated. St. 35 cm. x 36 ram., fuliginous-azure-blue, often compressed; base cottony, white. Gills pallid, then flesh colour, almost free, 4 mm. broad, transversely ribbed, edge crenulate. Flesh white, very thin except at the disc. Spores "elliptic-oblong, apiculate, coarsely warted, 10-11 x 7-8 /x" Massee. Smell unpleasant, like bugs. Fir woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 740. E. bulbigenum B. & Br. (= Entoloma Persoonianum Phill. & Plowr., Entoloma Persoonii Du Port.) Cke. Illus. no. 324, t. 315, as Entoloma Persoonianum Du Port. /3o\/3o9, a bulb; yiyvofMai, to be born. P. 1-4 cm., shining white, campanulate, or hemispherical, minutely tomentosely scaly. St. 6-8 cm. x 3-5 mm., whitish, equal, piloso- ENTOLOMA 249 squamulose, base bulbous, solid. Gills red flesh colour, slightly adnexed, 3-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin. Spores pink, angular, 15//,. Grassy places. Feb. Oct. Uncommon. 741. E. pulvereum Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 14. Pulvereum, dusty. P. 5-30 mm., fuliginous, thin, campanulate, then expanded and flattened, densely covered with very minute scales which are erect at the centre, striate at first; margin very slightly incurved. St. 2-5- 5 cm. x 23 mm., fuliginous, equal, densely velvety, covered when young with a reddish, rust coloured meal which becomes darker with age. Gills grey, at length dusted with the pinkish ferruginous spores, adnate with a minute sinus, veined, subdistant, exceeding the margin of the p. ; edge irregular, thick, pale or pinkish at first then deep rose colour. Spores pink, irregular, angular, 12-13 x 6/u,, 1-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 742. E. dichroum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 92, fig. 3. Siypovv, two coloured. P. 2-5-5 cm., violet, then livid mouse colour, somewhat fleshy, cam- panulate, then expanded and plane, obtusely umbonate, squamuloso- fibrillose. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-8 mm., blue, becoming paler at the base, wholly fibrous, fibrillosely-mealy, and sublacunose. Gills white, or pallid, then flesh colour, sinuato-adnexed, crowded, 2-3 mm. wide. Flesh white, tinged with blue. Spores pink, becoming fuscous, "longish, 9-11 x 6-7 p, with a few distinct angles" Rick. Woods, and hilly pastures. June Sept. Uncommon. E. sericellum Fr. = Leptonia sericeUa (Fr.) Quel. 743. E. Thomson!! B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 336, t. 374. Dr Thomson P. 2-5-3 cm., grey, convex, then expanded, more or less umbonate, tomentose, adorned with raised, radiating ribs, which form reticulations in the centre. St. 3-5 cm. x 4 mm., paler than the pileus, fibrillose, tomentose. Gills flesh colour, rounded behind, very slightly adnexed, 4 mm. broad, rather distant. Flesh mottled, thick at the umbo, thin elsewhere. Spores pink, elliptical, 6 x 3-5/x,. Amongst grass in plantations. Rare. III. P. thin, hygrophanous, rather silky when dry, often irregular and repand. 744. E. clypeatum (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 337, t. 319, as Entoloma clypeum Fr. Clipeatum, furnished with a shield. P. 5-8 cm., lurid when moist, grey when dry, variegated, or streaked with darker spots, or lines, fleshy, campanulate, then flattened, umbonate, fragile. St. 4-8 x -5-1-5 cm., whitish, becoming cinereous, 250 ENTOLOMA wholly fibrous, equal, fragile, longitudinally fibrillose, apex pulverulent. Gills whitish, or dingy, becoming red-pulverulent with the spores, rounded-adnexed, separating free, 4-8 mm. broad, ventricose, sub- distant, edge serrulate. Flesh dark, becoming white, thin. Spores pink, angular, globose, 7-9 or 89 x 6 ?//,, 1-guttulate. Taste some- what acid. Edible. Woods, gardens, pastures, and waste places. Caespitose, or solitary. April Oct. Common, (v.v.) 745. E. nigrocinnarnomeum Kalchbr. (= Pluteus umbrosus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 11, fig. 1. Niger, black; cinnamomeum, cinnamon. P. 5-7 cm., umber brown, becoming blackish, thin, tough, convex, then flattened and depressed round the somewhat prominent umbo, rather silky and shining; margin incurved, often splitting. St. 3- 4 cm. x 58 mm., grey, becoming tawny, fibrillose, often twisted. Gills reddish cinnamon, adnexed, rounded behind, soon seceding from the stem, 6-8 mm. broad, rather distant. Flesh darkish, becoming yellowish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 11-13 x 7-8 /x, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, of new meal. Pastures, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 746. E. rhodopolium Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 338, t. 342. p68ov, rose; Tro\iov, grey. P. 3-12 cm., fuscous, or livid, becoming pale, isabelline-livid, silky- shining when dry, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and subumbonate, or gibbous, at length somewhat plane, and sometimes depressed, fibrillose when young, then smooth ; margin bent inwards, and when larger undulated. St. 5-10 x -5-1-5 cm., white, equal, or attenuated upwards, slightly striate, apex white pruinose. Gills white, then rose colour, adnate, then separating, somewhat sinuate, flexuose. Flesh white, darkish under the cuticle of the p. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 8-9 x 7-8/*, 1-guttulate. Smell like new meal, or burnt sugar, or none. Woods. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 747. E. pluteoides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 91, fig. 2. Pluteus, the genus Pluteus; etSo<?, like. P. 2-5-8 cm., whitish grey, becoming dirty yellowish when dry, slightly fleshy, scissile, convex, then expanded, obtuse, slightly fibrillose at first, then smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, becoming yellow when touched, rigid, equal, straight, or curved and ascending, covered with a white, fibrillose, subtomentose cuticle, base swollen, villose, commonly obliquely and shortly rooting. Gills white, then flesh colour, emarginato-adnexed, crowded, attenuated in front. Flesh dark. Spores pink. Taste mild. On fir stumps and rotten wood. Rare. ENTOLOMA 251 748. E. majale Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 94, fig. 2. Majus, the month of May. P. 4-6 cm., somewhat cinnamon, ockraceous pale yellow when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, scissile, campanulate, then convex, sub- umbonate, somewhat fragile; margin repand, easily rimoso-incised. St. 7-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, somewhat compressed, twisted, striate, somewhat fibrillose, often connate at the thickened, white tomentose base. Gills pallid, then flesh-coloured with the rosy spores, free, ventricose, crowded, crenate. Flesh very thin. Spores pink, "sub- spheric, 5-6-angular, 7-10 x 7-8 ft" Lange. Pastures, open woods, and mossy places in fir woods. April Sept. Eare. 749. E. costatum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 340, t. 320, upper figs. Gostatum, ribbed. P. 3-8 cm., fuscous-livid, becoming grey when dry, or shining black when scorched by the sun, fleshy-membranaceous, convexo-bullate, undu- lated, irregularly shaped, then rather plane, more or less umbilicate. St. 46 cm. x 48 mm., grey, often compressed, somewhat striate, apex white mealy. Gills pallid, or greyish, then flesh colour, emarginate, 5-7 mm. broad, transversely veined with raised ribs, undulate. Flesh grey, becoming white. Spores pink, angular, globose, 6-7 \i, or oblong, 9-10 x 7-8/i. Pastures, and heaths, occasionally in woods. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 750. E. sericeum (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 340, t. 320, lower figs. Sericeum, silky. P. 2-4 cm., umber, becoming pale with a silky appearance when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, convex, then plane, obtuse, often umbonate, somewhat repand ; margin involute, striate at first. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 3- 6 mm., grey, fibroso-fissile, equal, or thickened upwards, fibrillose, shining. Gills grey, then rufescent, emarginate, slightly adnexed, equally attenuated from the stem to the margin. Flesh umber, becoming whitish. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 8-^ x 6/x,, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, of new meal, or bitter almonds. Pastures, and woods. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 751. E. venosum Gillet. Venosum, full of veins. P. 3-4 cm., brown, or blackish, disc darker when moist, thin, convex, slightly umbonate, silky and shining when dry. St. 46 cm. x 3- 4 mm., grey, very fragile, easily splitting, fibrillosely striate, apex slightly squamulose. Gills dirty reddish grey, free, broad, covered with prominent, transverse veins. Spores pink. Smell strong, of new meal. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 752. E. nidorosum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 341, t. 321. Nidorosum, reeking. P. 3-7 cm., fawn cinereous, livid, silky shining when dry, sub- membranaceous, convex, then expanded, at length often concave, 252 ENTOLOMA. HEBELOMA and irregularly shaped, rimose. St. 5-13 cm. x 3-15 mm., pale white, equal, or attenuated upwards, apex white pruinose. Gills pallid, then flesh colour, emarginato-free, 6-12 mm. broad, at length distant, sometimes undulato-flexuose. Flesh white. Spores pink, angular, subglobose, 8-10 x 7-9 jii, 1-3-guttulate. Smell strong, alkaline, or none. Woods, heaths, and lawns. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 753. E. speculum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 95, fig. 2. Speculum, a looking glass. P. 2-5 cm., watery, or straw white, silvery when dry, submembra- naceous, convex, soon flattened and depressed, obtusely, and obso- letely umbonate ; margin thin, bent inwards, flexuose, pellucid-striate. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., yellowish, round, often compressed, shining, very fragile. Gills white, then flesh colour, slightly adnexed, broadly emarginate, 6-8 mm. broad, ventricose, the shorter ones narrower, edge becoming fuscous. Flesh brownish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 12-14 x 7-8 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 754. E. tortipes Massee. Tortus, twisted; pes, foot. P. 6-7 cm., dark brown, and shining as if oiled when moist, then cinnamon and silky shining when dry, convex and broadly umbonate, then expanded and depressed round the umbo; margin arched, flexuose, often splitting. St. 5-6 x -5 cm., whitish, tinged with cinna- mon, flexuose, or angularly bent, silky-fibrillose. Gills pale dingy pink, broadly adnate with a minute sinus, then free, 8-10 mm. broad behind, tapering towards the margin, crowded. Flesh dark when moist, paler when dry. Spores pink, elliptical, 5 x 3[j,. Amongst grass. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. Hebeloma Fr. (17/377, youth; \a>pa, a fringe.) Pileus fleshy, regular, margin incurved. Stem central, fibrous, or fleshy. Gills sinuate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or fuscous, elliptical, pip-shaped, pruniform, almond- shaped, elliptic oblong, or fusiform, smooth, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, solitary, caespitose, or subcaespitose. I. Furnished with a cortina from the manifest veil, by which the p. is often superficially silky round the margin. 755. H. mussivum Fr. (= Cortinarius percomis Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. Ill, fig. 1. Musso, I mutter. P. 5-10 cm., yellow, sometimes darker, and brownish at the disc, fleshy, convex, then plane, unequal, very obtuse, viscid, smooth at HEBELOMA 253 first, then generally repand and broken up into squamules. St. 10- 13 x 2-5 cm., light yellow, equal, or ventricose, wholly fibrillose, apex pruinose. Veil fibrillose, very fugacious. Gills light yellow, then some- what ferruginous, emarginate, 6 mm. broad, arid, somewhat crowded. Flesh becoming yellow, compact, firm, very thick in the st. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 12 x 6ju," Massee. Smell weak, not un- pleasant. Coniferous woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 756. H. sinuosum Fr. (= Hebeloma senescens Batsch sec. Quel.) full of curves. P. 7-5-15 cm., never equalling the length of the st., pale yellow, or brick-red becoming pale, rarely clay colour, fleshy, irregular, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, viscid, soon dry, very sinuosely repand; margin whitish, membranaceous, inflexed, exceeding the gills, crenu- late, striate. St. 5-15 x 2-5-3-5 cm., white, equal, generally oblique at the very base, fibrillosely striate, apex at first fioccosely squamulose. Gills dirty white, then becoming ferruginous, slightly adnexed, broadly emarginate and appearing free and distant, but connected with the st. by a slender tooth, 6-12 mm. broad, dry, crowded, often undulate. Flesh white, thick, soft, somewhat fragile. Spores ferruginous, "almond-shaped-oval, 10-12 x 7-9 /z, slightly rough. Cystidia on edge of gill clavate, 50-60 x 7-9/x," Rick. Smell fruity. Coniferous woods. Aug. Rare. 757. H. fastibile Fr. Fr. Icon. t. Ill, fig. 2. Fastibile, disagreeable. P. 4-8 cm., pale yellowish tan, or becoming pale, fleshy, convexo- plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, smooth; margin involute, pubescent. St. 4-8 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, or pallid, fleshy fibrous, somewhat bulbous, often twisted, white silky and fibrillose, white scaly upwards. Cortina white, silky, often in the form of a ring. Gills pale-white, then dingy clay colour, very emarginate, rather broad, subdistant, edge whitish, distilling drops in rainy weather. Flesh white, compact. Spores earth colour, pale under the microscope, pip-shaped, 9-11 x 5- 6ju,, "punctate. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous-clavate, 50- 75 x 6-9/x" Rick. Smell unpleasant, taste of radish, bitterish. Poisonous. Woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. album Fr. Album, white. Differs from the type in the long, equal stem, fibrillosely squamose at the apex, and in the distant gills. var. sulcatum Lindgr. Sulcatum, furrowed. Differs from the type in the sulcate, or rugose plicate margin of the p. var. elegans Massee. Elegans, nice. Differs from the type in the purple-brown p. 254 HEBELOMA 758. H. senescens (Batsch) B. & Br. (= Hebeloma sinuosum Fr. sec. Quel.) Senescens, becoming old. P. 5-10 cm., ochraceous tawny, convex, then flattened, slightly glutinous, delicately tomentose, margin white. St. 7-12-5 x 1-2-5 cm., fuscous downwards, apex shining white, tomentose, at first bulbous, attenuated upwards, covered with paler, transversely arranged squa- mules. Gills pallid, then cinnamon, adnexed, 4-5 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/x, with a large central gutta. Smell strong, acrid. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 759. H. glutinosum (Lindgr.) Fr. (= Flammula lenta (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 112, fig. 1. Glutinosum, sticky. P. 5-9 cm., yellow white, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then plane, regular, obtuse, glutinous, slimy in wet weather, sprinkled with white, superficial, fugacious squamules. St. 7-9 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, be- coming ferruginous downwards, firm, subbulbous, white squamulose, fibrillose, apex white mealy, base strigose. Partial veil manifest, fugacious. Gills pallid, then light yellowish, at length clay cinnamon, sinuato-adnate, subdecurrent, broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, be- coming light yellow, ferruginous in the st. especially towards the base, thick at the disc. Spores pale cinnamon, elliptical, 8 x 3-4 p,, 1-guttu- late, "punctate. Cystidia filamentous, 30-40 x 2-3 /x" Rick. Smell not unpleasant, taste mild. Woods, especially oak and beech. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 760. H. testaceum (Batsch) Fr. Cke. JQlus. no. 449, t. 408. Testaceum, brick red. P. 35 cm., brick pale, often ochraceous tan, or tan, somewhat opaque, whitish at the margin, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then flattened, regular, obtuse, smooth, obsoletely viscid, or dry. St. 3-7-5 cm. x 6- 8 mm., whitish, becoming somewhat tawny at the somewhat thickened, fibrillose base, somewhat fragile, apex white mealy. Cortina thin, fugacious. Gills pallid, then clay colour, subferruginous, attenuato-free, lanceolate, very thin, at first ascending, very crowded. Flesh whitish, then brownish, thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, pip- shaped, 8-9 x 4-5-5 /x, multi-guttulate, "rough. Cystidia on edge filamentous-clavate, 40-60 x 6-10/u," Rick. Smell faint, of radish. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 761. H. firmum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 112, fig. 3. Firmum, hard. P. 5-7 cm., brick-red, fleshy, convex, then plane, at length depressed, smooth, viscid. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-12 mm., whitish, brown and fibrillose at the base, firm, somewhat attenuated downwards, covered with white, fioccose squamules. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills whitish, then clay HEBELOMA 255 % colour and ferruginous, sinuate, thin, arid, crowded. Flesh whitish, then tawny. Spores "pale dirty colour under the microscope, sub- fusiform, 9-11 x 4-5 /x, minutely punctate. Cystidia only on the edge of the gill, filamentous-clavate, 36-40 x 3-5/x" Rick. Smell faint. Coniferous woods. Feb. Oct. Rare. 762. H. claviceps Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 451, t. 410. Clavus, a nail; caput, head. P. 2-4 cm., yellowish white, umbo darker, fleshy, convex, then ex- panded, umbonate, or gibbous, viscid, naked ("more or less scaly, and fibrillose" Gillet). St. 5-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, brownish at the base, equal, white mealy. Gills pallid, then ochraceous brownish, emarginate, arid, crowded. Flesh pale, yellowish under the cuticle of the p., thick at the disc. Spores "reddish under the microscope, almond-shaped, 10-12 x 6-7 ft, roughish. Cystidia on edge of gill remarkably long, filamentous-clavate, 75-90 x 6-12ju" Rick. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 763. H. punctatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 113, fig. 1. Punctatum, dotted. P. 2-5 cm., tan colour, disc umber, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, convex, soon plane, disc obtuse, or gibbous, viscoso-papiUose, at length depressed at the centre; margin white, superficially silky with the fibril- lose veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, equal, flexuose, dry, silky- fibrillose with the adpressed veil, apex white pruinose. Cortina white, fugacious. Gills pallid, then pale ferruginous, or brownish, arcuato- adnate, narrowed behind, slightly ventricose, narrow, 4-6 mm. broad, plane, crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores " almond-shaped, 10-12 x 5-6 fjL, rough, with a thick membrane. Cystidia on edge of gill short, filamentous, 30-36 x 3-4^,, filled with yellow juice" Rick. Smell faint, not unpleasant. Gregarious. Pine woods. Sept. Un- common. 764. H. versipelle Fr. Versipelle, changeable in appearance. P. 2-5-8 cm., reddish tan, becoming pale at the disc, then dingy tan and opaque when old, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, at first covered with a tenacious, glutinous pellicle, then becoming dry; margin at first covered with glued white-silky, villose down, then smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, becoming fuscous at the base, tough, equal, at first remarkably white-silky with the evident cortina, then longitudinally fibrillosely striate, and easily splitting up into fibres, white mealy above the ring formed by the cortina. Gills whitish, then clay cinnamon, rounded, arid, 6-10 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming fuscous in the st. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 8-12 x 6-7 /u,, 1-2-guttulate, rough. Smell faint, not unpleasant. Subcaespitose. Grassy places, and among fir needles. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 256 HEBELOMA 765. H. strophosum Fr. o-rpo^o?, a belt. P. 2-4 cm., bay, white and silky from the veil at the margin, fleshy, fragile, convex, then plane, subumbonate, viscid when wet, then dry. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 6 mm., whitish, at length becoming fuscous downwards, equal, fragile, often curved at the base, clothed with the white silky veil which forms an apical ring. Ring white, floccose, reflexed. Gills flesh colour, then clay colour, slightly adnexed, leaving a wide, bare space at the apex of the st., ventricose, 4-8 mm. broad, plane. Flesh watery white, thin at the margin. Spores pale cinnamon, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/x, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, clavate-filament- ous, 40-50 x 5-7 /x,, thin walled" Rick. Bare soil, and grassy places. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 766. H. mesophaeum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 452, t. 411. /ieo-o?, middle; fyaibv, dusky. P. 2-5-4 cm., pale yellowish, or becoming pale, disc date brown, fleshy, conical, then convex, then plane, or depressed and darker at the disc, viscid, smooth. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., whitish, then ferruginous, tough, equal, fibrillose, base becoming fuscous, apex pruinose. Cortina manifest, thin, fugacious. Gills clay ferruginous, rounded, or emargi- nate, thin, plane, arid, crowded. Flesh greyish, becoming white, thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/z, with a large central gutta, roughish. Cystidia on edge of gill, " clavate- filamentous, rarely fusiform-filamentous, 50-70 x 5-9 /x, thin walled" Rick. Smell faint, sometimes of radish. Taste acrid. Woods, especially coniferous woods, and charcoal heaps. Sept. Oct. Common, (v.v.) var. holophaeum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 113, fig. 3. 6X05, entirely; <f>aiov, dusky. Differs from the type in the umbonate p. being entirely dark fuscous, in the st. becoming fuscous and subannulate with the cortinate veil, and in the gills being slightly sinuate. var. minus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 453, t. 412. Minus, smaller. Differs from the type in its smaller size. Common along with the type, (v.v.) 767. H. subcollariatum B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 454, t. 506, as a var. Sub, somewhat; collariatum, having a collar. P. 2-5 cm., pallid, disc subfuscous, fleshy, convex, then more or less expanded, slightly glutinous, the floccose veil soon vanishing. St. 5 cm. x 4 mm., pale, brown at the base, often flexuose, pulverulent. Gills clay colour, edge shining white, very slightly rounded behind, broadly adnate, soon separating from the st. and forming a short inter- rupted collar, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad. Spores pale, ferruginous, elliptical, 12-13 x 6/i, 1-guttulate. On naked soil. May Oct. Uncommon. HEBELOMA 257 II. P. smooth, at the first with no cortina. 768. H. sinapizans (Paul.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 455, t. 413. aLvairi, mustard. P. 7-5-20 cm., clay colour, disc sometimes pale yellowish, fleshy, con- vex, then plane, very obtuse, for the most part repand, often excentric, smooth, slightly viscid when fresh. St. 7-5-12-5 x 2-5 cm., white, rigid, equal, or fusiform rooted, fibrilloso-striate, apex white squamu- lose. Gills clay cinnamon, opaque, deeply emarginate, sometimes arcuato-decurrent, 610 mm. broad, crowded, fragile, arid. Flesh white, compact. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-11 x 6/z. Smell strong, of radish. Woods, and under trees. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 769. H. crustuliniforme (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 456, t. 507. Crustulum, a small cake ; forma, shape. P. 5-10 cm., pale whitish tan, pale yellowish, or brick colour, disc deeper coloured, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, or slightly gibbous, rarely repand, smooth, at first viscid. St. 47 x 1-2-5 cm., whitish, equal, or subbulbous, firm, apex white squamulose. Gills whitish, then clay colour, at length date brown, rounded-adnexed, almost adnate, narrow, linear, 2-4 mm. broad, crowded; edge unequal, guttate, dis- tilling watery drops in wet weather, spotted when dry. Flesh whitish, watery, thick. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10-12 x 5-6ju, rough. Cystidia " only on the edge of the gill, filamentous-capitate, sometimes also subventricose, 50-60 x 7-10/t, thin walled" Eick. Smell strong of radish, or like the flowers of the common laurel. Taste acrid. Poisonous. Woods, heaths, andpastures. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. minus Cke. (= Hebeloma hiemale Bres. sec. Big. & Guill.) Cke. Illus. no. 457, t. 414. Minus, smaller. Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the floccose edge of the gill and in its faint smell. Woods, and heaths. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 770. H. subsaponaceum Karst. Karst. Icon. t. 44. Sub, somewhat; sapo, soap. P. 3 cm., gilvous, then pallid, darker when dry, expanded, obtuse, naked, dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 3-4 mm., pale, becoming umber below when touched, equal, rather wavy, adpressedly fibrillose, apex rather mealy. Gills pale alutaceous, then ferruginous, adnate, 2mm. broad, crowded, dry. Spores oval oblong, 6-10 x 4-6/A. Smell strong, of soap. Fir, and mixed woods. Aug. Uncommon. 771. H. elatum (Batsch) Fr. Cke. IUus.no. 1165, t. 962. Elatum,tall. P. 2-5-8 cm., tan colour, becoming pale tan when dry, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, smooth, slightly viscid, opaque, margin very thin. St. 8-10 cm. x 8-12 mm., whitish, equal, cylindrical, tense and 17 258 HEBELOMA straight, twisted with spiral fibres, base with, an ovately, villose bulb when growing amongst fir leaves, adpressedly fibrillose, apex white mealy. Gills pale cinnamon, rounded, with a small decurrent tooth, 6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores brownish ferruginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 5/x. Smell very strong of radish. Woods, especially coniferous woods, and heaths. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 772. H. longicaudum (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 458, t. 415. Longus, long; cauda, a tail. P. 4-12 cm., clay colour, becoming whitish, disc sometimes becoming fuscous, fleshy, convex, then expanded, umbonate, at length repand, smooth, viscid; margin whitish, pruinose. St. 8-11 x 1-2 cm., white, at length becoming tawny at the base, fragile, equal, or thickened at the base, obsoletely fibrillose, apex mealy. Gills white clay, then cinnamon, arcuato-adnate, 6 mm. broad, crowded, edge serrulate, somewhat dotted. Flesh white, soft, watery, thin at the margin. Spores tawny ochraceous, oblong elliptical, 11-12 x 6/i, minutely verrucose. Cystidia "on edge of gill long, filamentous-clavate, 60-90 x 6-8^" Eick. Smell faint, not unpleasant. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, especially coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 773. H. radicatum (Cke.) Maire. (= Hebeloma elatum Quel. non Batsch sec. Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 459, t. 416, as Hebeloma longicaudum Fr. var. radicatum Cke. Radicatum, rooting. P. 3-10 cm., ochraceous fiesh colour, whitish at the margin, convex, gibbous, glutinous. St. 7-11 x -5-1 cm., white, becoming brownish, fusiform, rooting, soft, twisted, fibrillose, villose, mealy at the apex. Gills pale fiesh colour, then brownish, adnate by a tooth, undulate. Flesh white, thick, soft. Spores fuscous ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 5/x. Smell of radish, or of honey, like that of Pholiota radicosa. Taste bitter. Caespitose. Coniferous woods. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 774. H. lugens (Jungh.) Fr. Lugens, mourning. P. 4-7-5 cm., brown, becoming somewhat yellow, fleshy, convex, then plane, gibbous, often repand and irregular, smooth, subviscid. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, shining, subbulbous, fibrillosely striate, apex white mealy. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, somewhat free, fragile, 4 mm. broad, edge crenulate, darker. Flesh white. Spores "10 x 6/x," Massee. Smell strong. In troops. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Oct. Rare. H. truncatum (Schaeff.) Fr. = Tricholoma truncatum (Schaeff.) Quel. 775. H. nudipes Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 14, fig. 3. Nudus, naked; pes, foot. P. 4-7 cm., pale tan, or clay colour, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, unequal, smooth, slightly viscid, scarcely perceptibly streaked ; HEBELOMA 259 margin membranaceous, exceeding the gills. St. 5-8 cm. x 8-16 mm., white, equal, fibrillose at the base, smooth above, straight, or curved and ascending, pellicle separable. Gills tan colour, broadly emarginate, crowded, dry. Flesh watery, white when dry, compact at the disc, very thin at the margin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 12 x Qfj,. Smell weak, not unpleasant. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 776. H. sacchariolens Quel. Quel. Soc. sc. n. de Rouen,- 1879, t. 1, fig. 2. Saccharum, sugar; olens, smelling. P. 2-6 cm., whitish, disc buff colour, but the whole surface deepens in colour with age, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, smooth, viscid. St. 4-5 x 1 cm., white, streaked with fawn fibrils below, attenuated above and at the base, striate, silky, apex pruinose. Gills whitish, then buff colour, and finally ferruginous, sinuato-adnate, 6-10 mm. broad, crenate, edge whitish. Flesh yellowish, or somewhat buff, thin at the margin. Spores deep ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-11 x 7-8 /x, with a hyaline basal apiculus. Smell very peculiar and strong, like that of Entoloma ameides or "of burnt sugar, or orange fiowers" Quel. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 777. H. nauseosum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1166, t. 963. vav<Tia, sea-sickness. P. 2-5-3-5 cm., ochrey-white, fleshy, convex, gibbous, more or less expanded, smooth, viscid. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-10 mm., concolorous, in decay turning black at the base, equal, or attenuated at the base, faintly striate downwards, mealy above. Gills pallid, then clay colour, and at length ferruginous, sinuate, ventricose, 6-10 mm. broad, sub- distant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical-fusiform (20 x 10/z Cke.), 12 x 6/z, 1-2-guttulate. Smell very unpleasant. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 778. H. ischnostylum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 463, t. 420. iV%i>o<?, thin; crrOXo?, a pillar. P. 2-5-5 cm., white, or a little pallid at the disc, fleshy, convex, then expanded, broadly umbonate, slightly viscid. St. 5 cm. x 3-4 mm., whitish, equal, or a little thickened at the base, smooth. Gills whitish, then clay colour, rounded behind, adnexed, edge slightly serrate. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 12 x 7-5/u,. Smell none, or with a faint odour of Spiraea. Amongst grass under alders. Sept. Uncommon. T79. H. capniocephalum (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 462, t. 419. KCLTTVOS, smoke; ice<j>a\r), head. P. 4-7-5 cm., pale yellowish, or reddish, disc darker, margin at length ling black, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth. St. 5- cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, attenuated downwards, striate with rufescent 172 260 HEBELOMA. HYPHOLOMA fibrils, becoming pale. Gills ferruginous, emarginate, broad, scarcely crowded. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores fuscous, ellip- tical, 9 x 5jit. "Smell of musk" Secretan. Mixed woods, and under firs, and pines. Oct. Nov. Rare. 780. H. diffractum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 114, fig. 1. Diffractum, broken in pieces. P. 3-5 cm., tan colour, fleshy, thin, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, somewhat dry, at length squamosely broken up. St. 2-5- 4 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, subfusiform, attenuated downwards, hollow, squamulose with white flocci above. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, emarginate, ventricose, broad, crowded, dry. Spores ferruginous, "10-12 x 4 5/x" Massee. Smell weak, unpleasant, somewhat of radish. Pine needles in woods. Sept. Rare. III. P. scarcely 2-5 cm. broad. Stature that of the Naucoriae. 781. H. magnimamma Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 114, fig. 2. Magnus, large; mamma, breast. P. 1-2-5 cm., brick colour, at length becoming pale yellowish, fleshy, convex, then plane, with a prominent, breast-shaped umbo, smooth, but becoming somewhat streaky towards the margin. St. 2-5-7 cm. x 23 mm., pale yellowish, becoming pale, equal, or flexuose, often substriate, fibrous, smooth. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, sinuato- adnate, 2-3 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh yellowish, tawny under the cuticle of the p., very thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 9-12 x 5-6 fj,, with a hyaline basal, or subbasal, apiculus, multi-guttulate. Pastures, under oaks, and apple trees. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) H. petiginosum Fr. = Astrosporina petiginosa (Fr.) Rea. Spores purple, or fuscous. Hypholoma Fr. (i></>?7, a web; \a)/j,a, a fringe.) Pileus fleshy, regular, firm, or fragile. Stem central, fibrous, or fleshy. Gills sinuate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores purple, fuscous, or cinereous purple; elliptical, subglobbse, pip-shaped, or reniform, smooth, rarely verrucose, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, more rarely on the ground, often densely caespitose, or fasciculate. *Colour of the tough, smooth, dry (except Hypholoma silaceum) p. bright, not hygrophanous. 782. H. silaceum (Pers.) Fr. (= Flammuloides sublateritia Schaeff. sec. Quel.) Silaceum, ochraceous. HYPHOLOMA 261 P. 6-8 cm., orange rufous, fleshy, convex, viscid; margin whitish, silky. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, bulbous, shining, fibril- loso-striate. Gills grey, then olivaceous, adnate, crowded. Spores pale purplish brown. Smell pleasant, of meal. Solitary, " caespitose from a common tuber" Secretan. Old pastures, and under firs. Aug. Nov. Eare. 783. H. sublateritium (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 73, no. 162. Sub, somewhat; lateritium, brick colour. P. 3-10 cm., tawny-brick-red, paler round the margin, fleshy, con- vexo-plane, obtuse, discoid, dry, covered with a superficial, somewhat silky, whitish cloudiness (arising from the veil), becoming smooth', margin often append iculate with the veil. St. 5-10 cm. x -15 mm., yellow, ferruginous downwards, firm, attenuated downwards, rarely equal, scaly-fibrillose, fibrils pallid. Cortina white, at length becoming black, superior. Gills dingy yellowish, and darker at the base, then fuliginous, at length inclining to olivaceous, adnate, sinuate, somewhat crowded. Flesh yellowish, ferruginous at the base of the st., compact. Spores fuscous purple, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/z,, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia cylindric-clavate, or flask-shaped, apex obtuse, 6-7/z in diam., 35-50 x 10-15/x, on the edge of the gill, fusiform-capitate, 30-36 x 7-9 fji, contents yellow. Taste bitter. Poisonous. Subcaespitose. Woods, hedgerows, and old posts. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. Schaefferi B. & Br. Schaeff. Icon. t. 49, figs. 4-5. J. C. Schaefier. Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the light yellowish, conical, at length depressed, wrinkled p., and the narrow decurrent gills. Stumps. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. pomposum Fr. Pomposum, stately. Differs from the type in the thicker, almost entirely tawny p., the thick stem up to 2-5 cm. broad, becoming pale above, the membranaceous ring, and the gills at length becoming a beautiful olive. Stumps. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. squamosum Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 573, t. 558. Squamosum, scaly. Differs from the type in the p. being spotted with scales, especially towards the margin. Trunks. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 784. H. capnoides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 133, fig. 1. KaTrvtoSrjs, smoky. P. 2-5-8 cm., ochraceous-yellowish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, dry, smooth, often wrinkled, margin appendiculate with the veil. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, becoming ferruginous under the surface covering when old, apex whitish, equal, often curved and flexu- ose, becoming silky-even, here and there striate. Cortina white, then 262 HYPHOLOMA becoming fuscous purple. Gills whitish, or bluish-grey, then purple, adnate, easily separating, rather broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, often somewhat ferruginous towards the base of the st. Spores pale fuscous, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4//,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "clavate, with a prominent point, 36-50 x 10-15/u," Eick. Smell and taste mild. Caespitose, or fasciculate. Coniferous stumps. April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 785. H. epixanthum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 133, fig. 2. eVtfai/#oi>, tawny. P. 5-7-5 cm., light yellow, or becoming pale, disc generally darker, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, or gibbous, sometimes depressed at the disc, slightly silky, then becoming smooth; margin appendiculate with the veil. St. 7-14 cm. x 6-10 mm., yellow, pale ferruginous, or becoming fuscous below, equal, or attenuated from the thickened base, floccoso-fibrillose, apex pruinose. Cortina white, silky. Gills light yellowish white, or citron yellow, then cinereous, adnate, crowded. Flesh yellow, often ferruginous at the base of the st., thin at the mar- gin. Spores cinereous purple, broadly elliptical, 6 7 x 4/x, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "clavate, with a prominent point, 36-40 x 9-12 ju," Rick. Smell strong. Caespitose. Stumps in frondose, and coniferous woods, hedgerows, and parks. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 786. H. elaeodes Fr. (= Flammuloides fascicularis Huds. sec. Quel.) eXaia, the olive-tree; etSo<?, like. P. 4-8 cm., brick-red, or tan tinged reddish at the disc, fleshy, convex, then plane, or slightly depressed, obtuse, or subumbonate, dry, smooth, opaque; margin for a long time incurved, undulate, folded. St. 5- 9 cm. x 510 mm., dirty yellow, more or less ferruginous, equal, or attenuated at the base, incurved, or flexuose, fibrillose. Cortina white, apical. Gills green, or greenish yellow, then olivaceous, and finally brownish purple, adnate, crowded, thin. Flesh yellow, ferruginous in the st., thin at the margin. Spores brownish purple, broadly elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia "nearly flask-shaped, 30 x 8- lOju., obtuse, filled with yellow juice" Rick. Smell and taste bitter. Caespitose. On stumps, and on the ground. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 787. H. fasciculare (Huds.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 576, t. 561. Fasciculare, in little bundles. P. 2-5 cm., light yellow, disc often darker, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, or subumbonate, smooth, dry; margin often ap- pendiculate with the veil. St. 5-22 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, equal, base attenuated, or thickened, incurved, or flexuose, fibrillose. Cortina yellowish-white, fibrillose, torn. Gills sulphur yellow, then green, adnate, linear, 3-4 mm. broad, very crowded, subdeliquescent HYPHOLOMA 263 Flesh yellow, thin. Spores purple, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/n, 1-guttulate. Cystidia clavate, 28-35 x 7-10/u,, contents yellowish. Smell and taste very bitter. On stumps, and on the ground. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. Jan Dec. Common, (v.v.) . 788. H. instratum Britz. Cke. Illus. no. 1181, t. 1157. Instratum, bare. P. 2-3-5 cm., dark brown, fleshy, hemispherical, convex, broadly umbonate, radiately rugose, margin appendiculate with the white veil. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., white above, brownish at the base, equal, apex smooth, fibrillose, or squamulose below. Gills brown, then purple brown, adnate, subventricose, 6 mm. broad. Flesh brownish, thin. Spores purple brown, elliptical, 8 x 4/i. Caespitose. On stumps. Sept. Oct. Eare. 789. H. aellopum Fr. aeXXo-Trow, storm-footed. P. 2-5 cm., rufescent, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth. St. 5-6 cm. x 48 mm., variegated with minute, red squamules, fusi- form, rooting, with a separable tube inside. Gills yellowish, then fuscous-olivaceous, adnate. Subcaespitose. Stumps, especially fir, and larch. Sept. Rare. 790. H. dispersum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 133, fig. 3. Dispersum, scattered. P. 2-4 cm., tawny honey colour, not hygrophanous, fleshy, campanu- late, then convex, at length expanded, smooth, superficially white silky with the veil round the margin. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., somewhat ferruginous, becoming fuscous at the base, apex pale, equal, tense and straight, tough, fibrillosely silky, besprinkled with white, zone-like markings from the remains of the veil. Gills pallid straw colour, at length clouded, obsoletely green, adnate, ventricose, 4-8 mm. broad, thin, crowded, edge often white Flesh yellowish, ferruginous under the cuticle of the p. and in the st., thin. Spores purple, pip-shaped, 8- 9 x 4-5 /A. Cystidia "subclavate, 30-45 x 7-10/i, often drawn out into a point, filled with a yellow juice" Rick. Solitary, rarely caespi- tose. Amongst coniferous needles and twigs, rarely on stumps, and sawdust. April Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 791. H. irroratum Karst. Irroratum, bedewed. P. 4 cm., tawny honey colour, convex, then plane, gibbous, even; margin silky, pruinose. St. 13 cm. x 5 mm., pallid, equal, rooting, tough, fibrillosely silky, wavy below, and with dense rusty down. Gills straw colour, then darker, and tinged green, adnate, crowded ; margin dentate. Spores hyaline under the microscope, elliptical, 6-9 x 4-5/>i. Smell and taste very sour. Rare. 264 HYPHOLOMA **P. naked, viscid. 792. H. incomptum Massee. Incomptum, unadorned. P. 7-5-10 cm., deep bay brown, orange-tawny when dry, campanulate, then expanded, broadly gibbous, viscid, silky when dry; margin usually flexuose. St. 6-7-5 cm. x 16 mm., pale above, dark ferruginous below, equal, covered with minute, spreading, ferruginous, fibrillose squamules, mixed with primrose yellow tomentum. Gills pallid, then deep olive, finally clouded with purple from the spores, adnate, slightly rounded behind, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded, thin. Flesh tawny, 2 mm. thick. Spores purplish, obliquely elliptical, 8 x 3-5/i. Stumps. Sept. Oct. Rare. 793. H. oedipus Cke. Cke. Elus. no. 579, t. 587, fig. A. oiSiTrovs, swollen footed. P. 12-5 cm., umber, or brownish olivaceous, paler, and subochraceous at the striate margin, which exceeds the gills, fleshy, turbinate, or hemi- spherical, then convex, glutinous, smooth, dull; margin at first ap- pendiculate with the veil. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, tawny at the base, attenuated upwards from the bulbous base, apex pruinose, fibril- lose below the ring. Ring whitish, median, torn, fugacious. Gills whitish, then umber, broadly adnate, sometimes with a minute decur- rent tooth, plane, edge somewhat granular, or crenulate, often whitish. Flesh brownish, becoming white, thick at the disc. Spores dark brown, elliptical oblong, 9-10 x 5-6/t. Sticks, and dead leaves. Solitary, or caespitose. Feb. Rare. ***P. silky with innate fibrils, or streaked. 794. H. lacrymabundum Fr. non Quel. (= Stropharia cotonea QueL, Hypholoma storea Fr. var. caespitosum Cke., Hypholoma hypo- xanthum Phill. & Plowr., Hypholoma pseudostorea W. G. Sm.) Fr. Icon. t. 134, fig. 1. Lacrymabundum, weeping. P. 4-7-5 cm., whitish, becoming fuscous and pale round the margin, fleshy, convex, obtuse, piloso-scaly, the innate scales darker; margin appendiculate with the veil. St. 5-11 cm. x 6-12 mm., whitish, then fuscous whitish, slightly attenuated upwards from the somewhat thickened base, which is often yellowish, curved, fibrillosely scaly, apex smooth. Cortina white, separate, fibrillose. Gills whitish, then fuscous purple, adnate, 6 mm. broad, crowded, edge whitish, often distilling drops in wet weather. Flesh white, greyish when moist, soft. Spores fuscous purple, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-4-5/z. Cystidia cylindrical, or flask- shaped, base ventricose, apex obtuse, 5-6/x in diam., 28-40 x 8-18/z. Taste pleasant. Densely caespitose. On stumps, and on the ground. Beech, birch, and coniferous woods. Sept. Dec. Notuncommon. (v.v.) 795. H. pyiotrichum (Holmsk.) Fr. (= Stropharia pyrotricha(Holmsk.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 583, t. 564. irvp, fire; 0pi^ t hair. HYPHOLOMA 265 P. 5-10 cm., fiery tawny, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, then ex- panded, densely clothed with somewhat adpressed, tawny fibrils, which are here and there fasciculate in the form of scales. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4- 15 mm., pallid, becoming tawny, equal, fibrillose, commonly squarrose with small, fiery tawny scales. Cortina tawny. Gills pallid, then be- coming brown, adnate, at length free, 10-12 mm. broad, somewhat crowded, edge white, flocculose. Flesh tawny, deeper coloured in the st., thin at the margin. Spores fuscous purple, pip-shaped, 10-11 x 6-5- 7fji. Cystidia clavate, 12-13^ in diam. at apex, 44-70 x 7-9/u,, con- tents often yellowish. Caespitose. Woods, and about roots of trees. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. egregium Massee. Egregium, distinguished. Differs from the type in the st. below the ring being covered with spreading, squarrose, whitish scales, and in the purple brown, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, apiculate spores, 6 x 4-5/x. Fasciculate, near to stumps. Fir woods. Oct. Rare. 796. H. velutinum (Pers.) Fr. (= Stropharia lacrimabunda (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 582, t. 563. Velutinum, velvety. P. 5-15 cm.j lurid, becoming tawny, then clay colour isabelline, hygrophanous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, at length ob- tusely umbonate, adpressedly, tomentosely fibrillose, becoming smooth ; margin appendiculate with the white veil. St. 5-12-5 cm. x 4-15 mm., dingy clay colour, equal, fragile, fibrillosely silky, apex tomentose above the veil. Cortina white, then black, woolly. Gill inclining to fuscous, then date brown fuscous, dotted black, adnexed, easily sepa- rating, 8-10 mm. broad, subdistant, edge white,fioccose, distilling watery, hyaline drops. Flesh pallid, very thin, fragile. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /x, verrucose, with an apical germ pore. Cystidia capitate-clavate, 50-60 x 12-15/x. Taste mild. Poisonous. Solitary, or in groups of two or three. Woods, pastures, roadsides, rarely on stumps. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. leiocephalum B. & Br. \eto<?, smooth; K(j>a\,ij, head. Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the very rugose disc, and pallid p., smooth except at the fibrillose margin, and the pallid st., farinose at the apex. Densely caespitose. Old stumps, and in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 797. H. melantinum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 134, fig. 2. /xeXa?, black; t?, a fibre. P. 2-6 cm., umber, then pale, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then plane, obtuse, covered with innate, adpressed, hairy, black squamules. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-12 mm., pallid, equal, or slightly attenuated up- wards, fibrillosely hispid with whitish, then fuscous fibrils. Cortina 266 HYPHOLOMA white, tender, fugacious. Gills pallid, then umber, adnexed, almost free, ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores fuscous purple, reniform, 78 x 3-^/z, 1 2-guttulate. Cystidia "on surface of gill sparse, flask-shaped, on edge of gill vesiculose, 45-55 x 12- 15/i " Rick. Solitary. Base of birch, and elm trees. Parks. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) ****P. covered with floccose, superficial, fugacious scales. 798. H. cascum Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 584, t. 544. Cascum, old. P. 4-8 cm., livid grey, tan whitish when dry, fleshy, oval, then ex- panded, obtuse, covered when young with superficial, white, fugacious scales, then smooth, slightly wrinkled when dry, disc persistently even; margin appendiculate with the white, squamulose veil. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 4-6 mm,, white, equal, fragile, fibrillose, apex white- mealy. Gills grey, then black fuscous, rounded-adnexed, ventricose, 4-8 mm. broad, arid, fragile. Flesh white, thin. Spores purple, ellip- tical, 7-8 x 4-5/x. Cystidia "fusiform-pointed, 40-50 x 9-13/x, somewhat thick walled " Rick. Taste bitter. Coniferous woods, and pastures. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) H. punctulatum (Kalchbr.) Cke. = Stropharia punctulata (Kalchbr.) Fr. *****P. smooth, hygrophanous, margin appendiculate with the veil. 799. H. lanaripes Cke. (= Hypholoma appendiculatum Bull. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 585, t. 545. Lana, wool; pes, foot. P. 3-6 cm., pallid, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, hygro- phanous, squamose with superficial scales arising from the breaking up of the cuticle', margin appendiculate with the fugacious veil. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., white, equal, fragile, subfibrillose, base tomentose. Gills whitish, then purplish brown, reaching the st., crowded. Flesh pallid, thin. Soil in conservatories. Subcaespitose. June July. Uncommon. 800. H. Candolleanum Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 586, t. 546. Alphonse de Candolle. P. 5-10 cm., date brown, then white, disc ochraceous, fleshy acorn- shaped, then campanulate, soon convex, at length flattened, obtuse, unequal, smooth; margin appendiculate with the white, at length fuscous veil. St. 47-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, somewhat thickened at the base, fragile, fibrillose, apex striate. Gills violaceous, then fuscous cinnamon, edge at first whitish, rounded-adnexed, then separating, crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores brownish violet, "elliptical, 8 x 4/Lt " Karst. Cystidia "only on edge of gill, subcylindrical or sub- ventricose, 30-45 x 9-10/z" Rick. Taste mild. Edible. In troops, or subcaespitose. Woods and stumps. April Nov. Common. HYPHOLOMA 267 801. H. appendiculatum (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 587, t. 547. Appendiculatum, having a small appendage. P. 58 cm., date brown, then tawny, ochrey pale when dry, fleshy - membranaceous, ovate, then expanded, at length flattened, obtuse, pruinose, sprinkled with a few, fugacious flecks, then smooth, slightly wrinkled when dry; margin appendiculate with the white, fugacious veil. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, equal, fragile, fibrillose, apex pruinose. Gills white, then flesh colour, at length fuscous, subadnate, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores fuscous purple, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-4-5ju,. Cystidia cylindrical, often slightly constricted below the apex, base subventricose, 35-45 x 10-13 p. Taste mild. Edible. In troops, or caespitose. Woods, hedgerows, and wood heaps. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. lanatum B. & Br. Lanatum, woolly. Differs from the type in being densely woolly when young, traces of the woolly coat remaining at the apex when the p. is expanded. var. flocculosum Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 137. Flocculosum, flocculose. Differs from the type in the white squamulose, longitudinally striate, or sulcate, somewhat lobed p., and the striate st. of ten flocculose. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 802. H. catarium Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1180, t. 1176. Catarium, belonging to a cat. P. 1-5-2-5 cm., ochraceous, then paler, fleshy membranaceous, hemi- spherical, then expanded, smooth, hygrophanous ; margin appendicu- late with the white veil. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, rather shining, base incrassated and white floccose, apex striate. Gills white, then fuscous, adnate, narrow, rather crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores fuscous purple, elliptic-oblong, 6 x 3//,. Gregarious, or sub- caespitose. Amongst grass in parks, and roadsides. Sept. Eare. 803. H. leucotephrum B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 588, t. 548. Xevtf09, white; re^pov, ash-coloured. P. 3-7 cm., dark grey, whitish when dry, fleshy, somewhat cam- panulate, then convexo-expanded, wrinkled; margin appendiculate with the white veil. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., white, equal, attenu- ated at the base, silky-fibrillose downwards, apex striate, or sulcato- striate. Gills cinereous whitish, then grey, turning black, slightly adnate, 3-6 mm. broad. Flesh pallid, becoming white, thick at the disc. Spores cinereous purple, elliptical, 89 x 5/z. Cystidia "on edge of gill sub- cylindrical, constricted-capitate, 30-40 x 6-8 //," Rick. Caespitose. Base of ash trees, and amongst beech leaves, and pine needles. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 268 HYPHOLOMA 804. H. egenulum B. & Br. (= Hypholoma appendiculatum Bull. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 589, t. 605, fig. A. Egenulum, poor. P. 3-4 cm., watery white, snow white when dry, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, umbonate, smooth; margin finely striate, appendicu- late with the white veil. St. 4-5 cm. x 3 mm., white, attenuated up- wards, or nearly equal, minutely adpressedly scaly. Gills purplish timber, edge white, adnate, with a tooth, slightly ventricose, sub- distant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores brown purple. Solitary. Amongst grass. May. Eare. 805. H. pilulaeforme (Bull.) Fr. (= Hypholoma hydrophilum Bull, sec. Quel.) Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 112. Pilula, a little ball;/orme, shaped. P. 1-2 cm., fuscous, dingy ochraceous when dry, submembranaceous, globose, then convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth; margin pale, striate, slightly appendiculate with the white veil. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, flexuose, often slightly thickened at the base. Cortina white, membranaceous, often forming a ring, fugacious. Gills white, then cinereous, at length fuscous, adnexed, easily separating, narrow, 2-3 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores cinereous purple, elliptical, 6-8 x 4//,. Densely caespitose. On stumps, and buried wood. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 806. H. hydrophilum (Bull.) Fr. (= Bolbitius hydrophilus (Bull.) Fr. Hym. Eur.) Cke. Illus. no. 606, t. 610, as Psilocybe spadicea Fr. vSwp, water; (j)i\ov, loving. P. 3-6 cm., date brown when moist, tawny, or tan colour when dry, fleshy, globose, then convex and expanded, pruinose, striate near the margin when moist, wrinkled when dry; margin often undulate, appendiculate with the white, fugacious veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, becoming somewhat ferruginous downwards, rigid, but fragile, equal, or attenuated slightly upwards, curved, fibrillose at the base. Gills whitish, then date brown fuscous, adnate, ventricose, crowded, often distilling hyaline drops. Flesh pallid, white when dry, very thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous purple, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-3-5/A, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia cylindrical, ventricose, often constricted below the apex, apex obtuse, 8-9/z in diam., 25-28 x 12-14/z. Densely caespitose. Stumps in woods, and on sawdust. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) H. fibrillosum (Pers.) Quel. = Psathyra fibrillosa (Pers.) Fr. H. nolitangere (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyra nolitangere Fr. H.fatuum (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyra fatua Fr. H. ammophilum (Mont.) Quel. = Psilocybe ammophila (Mont.) Fr. H. gossypinum (Bull.) Quel. = Psathyra gossypina (Bull.) Fr. HYPHOLOMA. CLITOCYBE 269 H. pennatum (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyra pennata Fr. H. semivestitum (B. & Br.) Quel. = Psathyra semivestita B. & Br. H. bifrons (Berk.) Big. & Guillem. = Psathyra bifrons Berk. H. Gordonii (B. & Br.) Big. & Guillem. = Psathyra Gordonii B. & Br. ****Gills decurrent, or adnato-decurrent by a tooth.. Spores white ; hymenium not waxy, nor pulverulent. Clitocybe Fr. (:\iT09, a slope; /cvftrj, head.) Pileus fleshy, regular, or irregular; margin incurved. Stem central, externally fibrous. Gills decurrent, rarely adnate, with an acute edge. Spores white, rarely yellowish, or greenish, elliptical, pip-shaped, globose, subglobose, or oblong; smooth, punctate, verrucose, or echinulate, continuous. Growing on the ground, rarely on wood, solitary, caespitose, or forming rings. A. P. fleshy, often pale and silky when dry, not hygrophanous. a. P. convex, then plane, or depressed, regular, obtuse. *P. cinereous, or fuscous. 807. C. nebularis (Batsch) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 9, as Agaricus turgidus. Nebularis, clouded. P. 7 -5-20 cm., fuliginous, or fuscous, then grey, fleshy, somewhat compact, convex, then plane, very obtuse, at length depressed at the disc, dry, at first pruinosely grey, becoming smooth, more rarely innately streaked, or shining when scorched by the sun. St. 7- 12 x 2-3 cm., whitish, thickened at the base, attenuated upwards, spongy, elastic, fibrillosely striate. Gills whitish, sometimes becoming yellow, shortly and equally decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, thin. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4/i, 1-2-guttu- late. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 808. C. clavipes (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 47, upper figs. Clavus, a nail; pes, foot. P. 46 cm., fuscous, fuliginous, cinereous-livid, sometim.es whitish round the margin, very rarely wholly white, fleshy, slightly convex, soon plane, at length almost obconical, very obtuse, sometimes um- bonate, smooth. St. 4-6 x 1 cm., concolorous, conical, base bulbous, elastic, somewhat fibrillose. Gills white, sometimes yellowish, deeply decurrent, subdistant, flaccid, broad. Flesh cinereous, then white, lax, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/t, 1-guttulate. Smell faint, pleasant. Taste mild. Beech, and coniferous woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 270 CLITOCYBE 809. C. comitialis (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 47, lower figs. Comitialis, belonging to the comitia. P. 25 cm., umber fuliginous, almost becoming black, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, somewhat moist. St. 4-7 cm. x 6-15 mm., concolorous, equally attenuated upwards, elastic, smooth. Gills white, adnato-decurrent, horizontal, plane, crowded, thin. Flesh white, firm, compact. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Pine woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 810. C. obscurata Cke. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 5, fig. C. Obscurata, darkened. P. 5 cm., greyish umber, plane, then infundibuliform, moist, smooth. St. 3-4 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, slightly attenuated downwards, sometimes substriate. Gills white, decurrent, rather distant. Spores white, siibelliptical, 3 x 1-5-2/n. Smell of meal. Amongst grass and dead leaves. Sept. Rare. 811. C. gangraenosa Fr. ydyypaiva, a gangrene. P. 4-8 cm., whitish, tinged with bistre, or livid, sometimes green, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, white, pulverulent, then covered ivith brownish hairs especially at the margin, then naked, variegated, or streaked. St. 4-5 x 1 cm., white, subbulbous, soft, striate,, or slightly sulcate, curved, sometimes excentric. Gills dingy white, subdecurrent, arcuate, very crowded. Flesh white, becoming blackish or spotted with black. Spores white. Smell stinking, foetid. Woods, and larch planta- tions. Oct. Nov. Rare. var. nigrescens (Lasch) Cke. Nigrescens, becoming black. Differs from the type in its whitish colour, and rather sweet smell. Larch plantations. Rare. 812. C. polia Fr. (= Paxittus inornatus (Sow.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 48, fig. 1. TroXta, grey. P. 2-5 cm., grey, fleshy, convexo-plane, regular, smooth ; margin white, incurved. St. 39 x -5-1 cm., greyish white, equal, base sub- bulbous, smooth. Gills white, decurrent, very crowded, very narrow, 1 mm. broad. Flesh greyish, becoming white. Spores white, "6-8 x 3 4/u," Sacc. Caespitose. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 813. C. inornata (Sow.) Fr. (== Paxillus inornatus (Sow.) Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 155. Inornatus, unadorned. P. 4-8 cm., cinereous grey, then somewhat tan colour, fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed, sometimes slightly gibbous; margin at first involute, pubescent, striate with evanescent veins. St. 4-6 cm. x 8- 12 mm., concolorous, subequal, fibrillosely tomentose, base white, floe- cose. Gills concolorous, rounded behind, adnate, or adnato-decurrent, CLITOCYBE 271 crowded, easily separable from the hymenophore. Flesh whitish grey, thick at the disc. Spores white, oblong, apiculate at the base, 8-10 x 3^i. Smell rancid, taste insipid. Woods, and pastures. Oct. Nov. Rare. C. niinbata (Batsch) Quel. = Tricholoma panaeolum Fr. sec. Quel. 814. C. luscina Fr. Luscus, one-eyed. P. 2-5-6 cm., brown, then grey, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, sometimes excentric, smooth, moist. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, slightly attenuated downwards, entirely white pulverulent, or only so at the apex. Gills white-hyaline, decurrent, horizontal, straight, crowded, thin, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white. Pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare. 815. C. curtipes Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 48, fig. 5. Curtus, short; pes, foot. P. 2-7-5 cm.., fuscous, then pale and becoming whitish, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, oblique, silky. St. 2-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., reddish fuscous, rigid, cartilaginous, attenuated downwards, somewhat fibrillose, apex white pruinose. Grills shining white, adnate, scarcely decurrent, very crowded, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, firm. Spores white. Amongst grass. Sept. Oct. Rare. 816. C. hirneola Fr. Hirneola, a small jug. P. 1-2 cm., cinereous, or grey, becoming pale and hoary, slightly fleshy, plano-convex, then depressed in the centre and umbilicate, very smooth, shining, semi- viscid when fresh, the cuticle as if with a glued silkiness ; margin involute, very thin. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., con- colorous, elastic, equal, flexuose, smooth, apex white pruinose. Gills whitish-grey, subdecurrent, crowded, thin, rather broad. Flesh white, often bistre when moist, thin. Spores dirty white in the mass, sub- globose, 4-5 x 4/A, multi-guttulate. Edible. Amongst grass, and leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. undulata (Bull.) Fr. (= var. major Fr. Mon.) Undulata, waved. Differs from the type in its larger size, the p. being 3-4 cm., flattened, flexuose, subzonate, grey, becoming whitish. 817. C. zygophylla Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1137, t. 948. wyov, a yoke ; <j>v\\ov, leaf. P. 5-10 cm., greyish when moist, pale ochraceous white when dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, disc often slightly depressed, tough, flaccid, hygrophanous ; margin thin, involute at first, rugose, or plicate, as if pinched up at regular intervals. St. 5-6 x 1 cm., white, then pallid, equal, expanding into the p., smooth, base with a thin white tomentum. Gills cinereous, deeply decurrent, rather distant, 4 mm. broad, dis- tinctly connected by veins. Flesh white, greyish under the cuticle of the 272 CLITOCYBE p., thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4/x, with a large central gutta. Amongst leaves. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) **P. violet, or rufescent. 818. C. cyanophaea Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. Heft. 8-9, t. 17, fig. 3, as Tricholoma nudum. Kvavos, dark blue; <j>aid, dusky. P. 7-10 cm., fuscous, becoming azure-blue, rather fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth. St. 7-8 x 1-2 cm., bluish when young, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, apex abruptly white, smooth. Gills violet, then pale, deeply decurrent, crowded. Woods. Rare. var. Pengellei B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 131, t. 264. T. W. Pengelly, the geologist. Differs from the type in having the st. attenuated at the base. C. opipara Fr. = Tricholoma opiparum (Fr.) Quel. C. amara (A. & S.) Fr. = Tricholoma amarum (A. & S.) Quel. 819. C. socialis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 49, lower figs. Socialis, sociable. P. 2-3 cm., reddish yellow, fleshy, convex, then expanded, acutely umbonate when young, smooth, dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., reddish, ascending, fibrous, rooting base peronately hairy. Gills becoming yellow, plano-decurrent, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores white. Densely gregarious. Amongst pine needles. Sept. Oct. Rare. ***P. becoming yellow. 820. C. amarella (Pers.) Fr. (= Paxillus amarellus (Pers.) Quel., Clitopilus popinalis Fr. sec. Quel.) Amarella, bitterish. P. 45 cm., pale yellowish, or pallid fawn colour, fleshy, plane, firm, subumbonate, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, equal, tough, white villous at base. Gills pallid, somewhat shining, subdecurrent, crowded, here and there dichotomous. Spores white, "5-6 x 2-3 /i" Rick. Smell strong, like prussic acid, taste very bitter. Woods. Oct. Rare. 821. C. vernicosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 50, upper figs. Vernicosa, varnished. P. 5-6 cm., pale yellowish, shining, fleshy, convex, then flattened or piano-depressed, obtuse, sometimes infundibuliform, smooth, margin involute. St. 2-3 cm. x 6-8 mm., yellow, firm, tough, equal, smooth. Gills light yellow, adnato-decurrent, or deeply decurrent, equally attenuated behind, subdistant. Flesh whitish, firm. Spores white, "subglobose, 3-4 /*, nearly spinulose" Rick. Fir and larch woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. CLITOCYBE 273 822. C. venustissima Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 50, lower figs. Venustissima, most beautiful. P. 2-5 cm., rich orange-reddish, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, con- vex, then expanded, obtuse, or somewhat umbilicate, becoming slightly silky-even; margin even, in large specimens striate, and crenate, or toothed in a crisped manner. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., reddish, equal, smooth, base often white villous. Gills concolorous, de- current, subdistant, 3 mm. broad, subarcuate. Flesh reddish, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 11-16 x 8-10/A, multi-guttulate. Amongst fir and larch leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 823. C. alutacea Cke. & Massee. Aluta, soft leather. P. 1-1-5 cm., tan colour, convex, then umbilicate, smooth; margin incurved. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pale, smooth. Gills paler than the p., decurrent, arcuate, narrow, crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4)Lt. Amongst grass and moss. Sept. Uncommon. 824. C. subalutacea (Batsch) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 50, figs. 10-15. Sub, somewhat; aluta, soft leather. P. 2-5-5 cm., pale tan, becoming whitish, fleshy, soft, tough, convex, then flattened, obsoletely umbonate, or depressed, smooth. St. 5- 8 cm. x 6-8 mm., reddish white, deeper coloured at the base, cylindrical, flexuose, firm, elastic, fibrillose, smooth. Gills pallid, adnate, then subdecurrent, distant, broad. Flesh whitish, soft, tough. Spores white, "subglobose, 3-4 x 3/u," Rick. Smell pleasant of anise, some- times disagreeable like rancid meal, sometimes obsolete. Woods, and under trees. Nov. Uncommon. 825. C. aurantiaca (Wulf.) Studer. (= Cantharellus aurantiacus (Wulf.) Fr.) Holland, Champ, t. 53, no. 117, as Cantharellus aurantiacus. Aurantiaca, orange coloured. P. 2-8 cm., orange-ochraceous, fleshy, soft, depressed, often excentric and undulated, subtomentose; margin involute. St. 5cm. x 6-8 mm., ochraceous, or bistre, somewhat incurved and unequal. Gills deep orange, decurrent, tense, straight, repeatedly dichotomous, crowded, often crisped at the base. Flesh yellowish, soft, thick at the disc. Spores elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5ju,, with a large central gutta. Taste unpleasant. Heaths, and woods, especially coniferous woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. albida (Gillet) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 1057, 1. 1104, fig. B, as Cantha- rellus aurantiacus var. pallidus. Albida, whitish. Differs from the type in the white gills. Heaths, and woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. lactea (Quel.) Rea. Lactea, milk white. Differs from the type in being entirely white. Heaths, and coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 18 274 CUTOCYBE var. nigripes (Pers.) Rea. Niger, black; pes, foot. Differs from the type in the st. becoming black towards the base. Boggy places in woods, and on heaths. Sept. Nov. Common. (v.v.) 826. C. hypnorum (Brond.) Rea. Hypnum, moss. P. 3-4 cm., pale primrose yellow, sometimes verging on pale ochre, campanulato-convex, then expanded and slightly depressed ; margin incurved, minutely downy, the down sometimes collected in little fascicles. St. 23 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellow, sometimes darker than the p. at the base, often slightly flexuose, almost glabrous. Gills yellow, decurrent, branched, thin, somewhat crowded, edge acute. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, oblong, 7 x 4/z, with a minute apiculus. Sept. Uncommon. ****P. greenish. 827. C. odora (Bull.) Fr. (= Clitocybe viridis (Scop.) sec. Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 51, figs. 10-15. Odora, fragrant. P. 5-9 cm., greenish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, or obsoletely umbonate, then depressed; margin incurved, pubescent. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, somewhat cylindrical, flexuose, flocculoso-fibrillose, then smooth, white villous at the thickened base. Gills paler than the p., adnato-decurrent, subdistant, broader than the flesh of the p. Flesh dirty white, tough. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4-4-5/x, 1-2-guttulate. Smell pleasant, of anise. Taste pleasant. Edible. Deciduous woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 828. C. viridis (With.) Fr. (= Agaricus virens Scop. sec. Fr.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 51, figs. 1-9. Viridis, green. P. 3-6 cm., pale greenish blue, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, smooth ; margin naked. St. 3-8 cm. x 3-7 mm., whitish, firm, cylindrical, attenuated at the base, smooth. Gills white, with a tinge of greenish, adnato-decurrent, thin, crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/Lt, with a large central gutta. Smell and taste pleasant, of anise. Edible. Deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 829. C. Trogii Fr. (= Clitocybe subalutacea (Fr. non Batsch) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 135, t. 102. Jacob Gabriel Trog, an eminent Swiss botanist. P. 68 cm., cinereous, then white, fleshy, compact, convex, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, opaque. St. 3-5 x 1 cm., white, thickened and villous at the base. Gills white, subdecurrent, crowded. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc, compact. Spores white. Smell very fragrant, spicy. Woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. CLITOCYBE 275 *****P. whitish, white, or becoming white. 830. C. rivulosa (Pers.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 51, figs. 16- 23. Rivulosa, rivulose. P. 2-5-5 cm.., flesh colour, becoming whitish, or rarely fuscous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, then depressed, undulato-lobed, repand, minutely tomentose, at length rivulosely-streaked', margin at first incurved, villous. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, tough, elastic, equal, somewhat fibrillose, minutely tomentose. Gills flesh colour, becoming whitish, adnate, then subdecurrent, obliquely acute behind, broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, soft, spongy. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 2- 3/z, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Poisonous. Heaths, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Very common, (v.v.) var. Neptunea (Batsch) Fr. Neptune, god of the sea. Differs from the type in its smaller size. 831. C. cerussata Fr. (= Clitocybe tornata Fr. sec. Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 51, figs. 24-28. Cerussata, painted with white-lead. Entirely white. P. 5-8 cm., with a white-lead appearance, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or gibbous, smooth, at first fioccoso- fibrillose; margin involute, villous. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., fleshy -flbrous, elastic; base thickened, more or less white tomentose. Gills adnate. then slightly decurrent, very crowded, thin. Flesh white, soft, compact. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/n. Taste and smell pleasant. Poisonous. Deciduous, and coniferous woods. April Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) var. difformis (Schum.) Fr. Difformis, deformed. Caespitose, often gigantic. P. 5-18 cm., undulato-lobed, often at first sprinkled with flocci. St. 2-5 x 2-5 cm., sulcate, or longitudinally wrinkled. Gills at length pallid. Spores white, 4 x 3/u,. Rich ground, and gardens. Oct. Uncommon. var. obtexta (Lasch) Fr. Obtexta, covered. Differs from the type in its snow-white colour, the fibrillose texture of the subviscid p., the tomentose St., and the narrow gills. Heaps of leaves. Eare. 832. C. phyllophila Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 52, figs. 1-6. <j)v\\ov, a leaf; <t\o9, loving. P. 5-10 cm., tan, or cream colour, becoming pale white, fleshy, con- vex, then piano-depressed, obtuse, often excentric and repand, hoary with superficial villose down; margin silky. St. 5-8 cm. x 5-8 mm., concolorous, elastic, fibrous, equal, villous at the base, incurved. Gills 182 276 CLITOCYBE white, then becoming pale and yellowish, adnate, subdecurrent, 4-6 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4ju. Taste mild. Poisonous. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 833. C. pithyophila (Seer.) Fr. (= Clitocybe cerussata Fr. sec. Quel.) Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 52, figs. 7-10. TUTU?, pine; $1X09, loving. P. 5-7-5 cm., dead white when moist, shining whitish when dry, fleshy, thin, rather plane, umbilicate, at length irregularly shaped, repand, undulato-lobed, smooth, flaccid; margin slightly striate when old. St. 45 cm. x 58 mm., white, often compressed, equal, smooth, apex obsoletely, or scarcely pruinose, base white tomentose. Gills always white, adnate, subdecurrent, very crowded, plane, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/A. Smell and taste pleasant. Poisonous. Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Common. (v.v.) 834. C. tornata Fr. (== Clitocybe cerussata Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon, t. 51, fig. 1. Tornata, turned in a lathe. P. 2-5-5 cm., pure white, fleshy, convex, then becoming plane, at length depressed round the gibbous disc, dry, somewhat silky with a glued film, at length delicately rimoso-rivulose. St. 4 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, tough, equal, or attenuated downwards, round, smooth, base pubescent. Gills white, adnate with a small decurrent tooth, horizontal, plane, very crowded, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 3-4/z. Taste mild. Poisonous. Woods, and amongst grass. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. opala Fr. Opala, opal. Differs from the type in the viscid p. Fir woods. Rare. 835. C. candicans (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 51, fig. 3. Candicans, shining white. Entirely white. P. 2-5 cm., slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, de- pressed, umbilicate, regular, or a little excentric, pruinose, silky, shining. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-5 mm., cartilaginous, polished, like an Omphalia, equal, base incurved, villous, rooting. Gills adnate, then decurrent, very thin, crowded, narrow, straight, almost linear. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, "elliptical, 4-5 x 2-3 /M, smooth" Rick., "ovoid, 6-7 p,, minutely rough" Quel. Taste mild. Deciduous woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 836. C. dealbata (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 123. Dealbata, white- washed. P. 2-3 cm., whitish, with greyish, or flesh coloured zones towards the margin, shining white when dry, slightly fleshy, tough, convex, then CLITOCYBE 277 plane, at length re volute, undulated, dry, smooth, but innately pruinose under a lens. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 8-10 mm., whitish, becoming flesh colour, equal, often ascending, apex white-mealy. Gills greyish, then whitish, adnate, scarcely decurrent, thin, crowded. Flesh white, thin, arid. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3/ot. Smell and taste pleasant, of new meal. Edible. Woods, and pastures. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. minor Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 143, t. 173. Minor, smaller. Differs from the type in its smaller size. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 837. C. gallinacea (Scop.) Fr. Hussey, lUus. Brit. Myc. i, t. 39. Gallinacea, pertaining to domestic fowls. P. 1-2-5 cm., dingy white, becoming whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, unequal, dry, opaque, pruinose. St. 5- 6 cm. x 6-10 mm., white, equal, ascending, or flexuose, excentric, incurved, striate, mealy. Gills white, adnato-decurrent, thin, plane, crowded. Flesh white, thin, compact. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 9 x 4/z, 1 2-guttulate. Smell strong, taste bitter. Woods, and pas- tures. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) ft. P. fleshy at the disc, margin thin, at first umbonate, then expanded, depressed, and irregular; generally caespitose. C. ampla (Pers.) Fr. = Tricholoma amplum (Pers.) Rea. C. molybdina (Bull.) Fr. = Tricholoma amplum (Pers.) Rea. 838. C. decastes Fr. (= Tricholoma decastes (FT.)Quel.) Fr.Icon.t.52. Se/ea?, a company of ten men. Caespitose. P. 10-20 cm., mouse grey, or livid, becoming whitish tan colour when dry, flesh j, fragile, convex, then plane, gibbous, or obtuse, smooth; margin membranaceous, at first incurved, then expanded, very undulate and lobed. St. 7-5-10 x 2-5-4 cm., white, fibrous, con- nate at the base, attenuated, or curved-ascending, often compressed, smooth, rarely pruinose at the apex. Gills white, adnato-decurrent, or sinuate, 6-8 mm. broad, crowded, or subdistant, attenuated towards the margin, often undulated and crenulate at the edge. Flesh white, fragile, thick at the disc, very thin at the margin, scissile. Spores white, globose, 6-8/A. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, pastures, and gardens. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 839. C. subdecastes Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1131, t. 958. , Sub, near to; decastes, the species C. decastes. Caespitose. P. 3-6 cm., pale ochraceous, becoming paler, and whitish towards the margin, fleshy, campanulate, or convex, very obtuse, 278 CLITOCYBE smooth; margin more or less lobed. St. 8-12 cm. x 12-16 mm., whitish, equal, fibrillose, connate at the base. Gills white, rounded behind, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad, narrower in front, rather crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, globose, 4-5/A. On the ground. Sept. Uncommon. 840. C. cartilaginea (Bull, non Fr.) Bres. (= Tricholoma loricatum Fr. sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 110, 111. Cartilaginea, cartilaginous. Caespitose or in troops. P. 4-12 cm., fuliginous black, or chestnut fuliginous, becoming paler, fleshy, convex, then expanded, depressed, or gibbosely-umbonate, cuticle cartilaginous. St. 4-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, becoming greyish, or horn colour, connate at the ventricose base and somewhat rooting, apex white and villosely-furfuraceous, cuticle cartilaginous. Gills white, then straw-, or horn-colour, adnate, or sinuato- adnate, rarely rounded behind, tough, subcartilaginous, crowded, often undulate. Flesh white, firm. Spores white, globose, 6-8/z, 1-guttulate. Smell of mice, or like fresh nuts. Taste sweet, then bitter. Edible. Mixed woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 841. C. aggregata (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Tricholoma aggregatum (Schaeff.) Quel.) Schaeff. Icon. t. 305, 306. Aggregata, heaped together. Caespitose. P. 7-12 cm., livid-grey, then rufescent, fleshy, convex, then expanded, at first umbonate, then depressed, often excentric, flaccid, somewhat silky-streaked. St. 7-10 x 1-5 cm., white, often rufescent, attenuated downwards, connate at the base, often branched, curved, compressed, subfibrillose. Gills ashy-white, then flesh colour, and becoming light yellow, unequally decurrent, 6-8 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 x 5-6/z. Smell strong. Oak woods, sawdust heaps, and garden soil. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) C. tabescens (Scop.) Bres. = Annillaria mellea (Vahl.) Fr. var. tabescens (Scop.) Rea. 842. C. elixa (Sow.) Berk. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 172. Elixa, soaked. Not caespitose. P. 5-8 cm., fuliginous, becoming pale and somewhat silky when dry, fleshy, convex, then flattened, or depressed, umbonate, undulato-repand, delicately virgate. St. 3-5 cm. x 10-12 mm., fuligi- nous whitish, firm, subequal, apex velvety. Gills white, unequally de- current, distant, connected by veins, 4 mm. broad. Flesh dingy white, thick at the disc, soft. Spores "white, elliptical, 7 x 4/z" Massee. Woods. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon. Ag.fumosus Pers. = Collybia fumosa (Pers.) Quel. C. fumosa Fr. = Tricholoma cinerascens (Bull.) Quel. CLITOCYBE 279 843. C. conglobata (Vitt.) Bres. (= Agaricus pes caprae Fr., Agaricus humosus Fr., Agaricus tumulosus Kalchbr. sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 32. Conglobata, crowded together. Caespitose. P. 5-10 cm., umber, becoming blackish, or spotted with cinereous, or grey, or becoming pale and livid cinnamon, fleshy, fragile at first, then tough, convex, then expanded, plane, or depressed, sometimes umbilicate, often irregular and lobed, dry, margin at first involute, white pruinose. St. 49 x 1-2 cm., white, or greyish, equal, or attenuated downwards, connate at the tuberous base, sometimes branched, fioccosely pulverulent, then smooth. Gills whitish cinereous, or cream colour, crowded, sinuate, adnate, or decurrent. Flesh white, greyish at the circumference, fragile, then tough. Spores white, globose, 5-6 p (somewhat angular with age according to Bresadola). Smell faint, of new meal. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 844. C. tumulosa (Kalchbr.) Fr. (= Clitocybe conglobata (Vitt.) Bres., Tricholoma humosum Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 5. Tumulosa, like a mound. Caespitose. P. 2-5-8 cm., dark umber, becoming pale lurid fuscous, conical, then expanded and umbonate, or depressed round the umbo, smooth; margin sometimes repand and torn. St. 2-8 x -5-2 cm., pallid, fleshy, subequal, either attenuated, or ventricosely thickened at the connate, half-buried base, curved, ascending, floccosely pruinose, then smooth. Gills white, then pale cinereous, adnate, or decurrent. Flesh white, livid, or cinereous at the circumference when moist, thick at the disc. Spores white, oval, 6-7 x 4/A. Smell faint, of new meal. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 845. C. connata (Schum.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Mang. t. 37. Connata, joined together. Caespitose. P. 5-10 cm., white, slightly tinged with ochre, or bistre, convex, pruinose. St. 3-6 x -5-1 cm., white, connate at the swollen base, mealy. Gills glaucous white, then cream colour, adnate, or decur- rent, arcuate, distant. Flesh white, firm, elastic. Spores white, globose, 6 x 5/n, minutely punctate. Smell pleasant. Parks, and woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 846. C. pergamena Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1132, t. 643. Pergamena, parchment. Caespitose. P. 3-8 cm., ochraceous, whitish at the margin, sub- cartilaginous, convex, then plane, obtusely umbonate, smooth. St. 5-12 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, equal, ascending, apex punctate squamose, cuticle cartilaginous. Gills white, broadly adnate with a decurrent tooth, 4 mm. broad, rather crowded. Flesh yellowish, thick at the 280 CLITOCYBE disc. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3-4/z, 1-guttulate. On the ground, and on stumps. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 847. C. cryptarum (Letell.) B. & Br. Crypta, a cellar. Caespitose. P. 34 cm., brown, somewhat conical, then depressed, spotted, fioccose. St. 6-9 x 2 cm., white, attenuated upwards, more or less compressed, somewhat striate, virgate. Gills white, subdecurrent, arcuate, narrow. Flesh of stem mottled. Spores white. Taste insipid. Sawdust. Oct. Rare. 848. C. monstrosa (Sow.) Gillet. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 283. Monstrosa, strange. Often caespitose. P. 3-10 cm., white, opaque as if whitewashed, often tinged with ochre, fleshy, convex, umbonate, then waved and lobed; margin incurved. St. 2-6 x 2-2-5 cm., concolorous, compressed, streaked, downy-squamulose above, slightly rooting. Gills white, or cream colour, scarcely rounded behind, not truly decurrent, rather distant, broad, margin waved. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 5/x. On the ground. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 849. C. opaca (With.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 142. Opaca, shady. Caespitose, rarely solitary, entirely white. P. 3-7 cm., fleshy, con- vex, then expanded, umbonate, repand, covered over with a fioccose lustre. St. 3-8 cm. x 5-8 mm., unequal, flexuose, connate at the base, subfibrillose. Gills adnato-decurrent, very crowded, 3-4 mm. wide. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4/n, 1-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 850. C. occulta Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1133, t. 1184. Occulta, hidden. P. 5-7 cm., whitish, disc smoky, fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed, smooth, but innately streaked, or virgate, viscid] margin whitish. St. 4-6 x 1 cm., white, equal, or slightly expanded into the p., often curved, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, adnate, very slightly decurrent, scarcely emarginate, 5 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh white, thick at the disc, cartilaginous. Spores white. Gregarious. On charred ground. Nov. Rare. 7. P. attenuated from a fleshy disc towards the margin, at length infundibuliform, or deeply umbilicate. *P. coloured, or becoming pallid, innately floccose, or silky, bibulous, not moist. C. gigantea (Sow.) Quel. = Paxillus giganteus (Sow.) Fr. 851. C. maxima (Fl. Wett.) Fr. (= Clitocybe geotropa (Bull.) Quel.) Maxima, greatest. CLITOCYBE 281 P. 1230 cm., tan colour, becoming paler, or whitish, fleshy, some- what flaccid, broadly infundibuliform, gibbous, umbo central, very dry, becoming silky, or squamulose; margin involute, pubescent. St. 7 10 x 1 cm., whitish, attenuated upwards, fibrillosely-striate, elastic. Gills whitish, deeply decurrent, pointed at both ends, somewhat crowded, soft. Flesh white, thick at the disc, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 3-4^. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 852. C. infundibulifonnis (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 26, no. 61. Infundibuliformis, funnel-shaped. P. 3-6 cm., flesh colour, then pale tan, fleshy, moderately firm, con- vexo-depressed, gibbous with an umbo, at length infundibuliform, silky, bibulous ; margin at first involute. St. 3-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, conico-attenuated, rarely equal, firm, elastic; base swollen, and white tomentose. Gills shining white, very decurrent, somewhat crowded, very pointed at each end, soft. Flesh white, thick at the disc, soft. Spores white, ovoid, 6-7 x 6 /A, pointed at the base, punctate, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. June Dec. Very common, (v.v.) var. membranacea (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1135, t. 646. Membranacea, skinny. Differs from the type in being thinner in all its parts, in the equal st., and the brighter coloured, and not umbonate p. Pine woods, and pastures. June Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 853. C. trullaeformis (Fr.) B. & Br. Tndlaeformis, ladle-shaped. P. 35 cm., fuscous cinereous, fleshy, infundibuliform, flattened at the margin, always obtuse, flocculosely villous, dry. St. 5 cm. x 8- 10 mm., cinereous, attenuated upwards, firm, elastic, fibrillosely- striate, base villous. Gills shining white, decurrent, distant, 4-6 mm. broad, connected by veins. Flesh snow white, equal. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3-4/z, minutely punctate. Borders of fir wood, hedge- rows, and thickets. Oct. Uncommon. 854. C. incilis Fr. Incilis, incised. P. 2-5-5 cm., brick-red, fleshy, plano-umbilicate, then infundibuli- form, silky -flocculose, obtuse ; margin involute, crenate. St. 1-2 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, attenuated downwards, often compressed, tough, at first covered with an evanescent, flocculose pruina. Gills white, becoming pale, decurrent, arcuate, 4-6 mm. broad, distant, often reticulated with veins. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/u,, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal, sometimes absent. Coniferous woods. March Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 282 CLITOCYBE 855. C. sinopica Fr. Sinopica, of Sinope, where red lead is found. P. 3-5 cm., brick-red, becoming paler, fleshy, piano-depressed, slightly or deeply umbilicate, then repand, flocculose and bibulous, then rimosely rivulose and broken up into squamules ; margin undu- late, silky. St. 3-5 x -5-1 cm., concolorous, equal, firm, flbrillosely striate. Gills white, becoming yellow, decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, 3-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle, thick at the disc. Spores white, subglobose, 89 x 6 7/z,. Smell strong, of new meal. Heaths, woods, and burnt ground. May Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 856. C. parilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 48, fig. 6. Parilis, equal. P. 1-5-3 cm., fuscous, then greyish white, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed at the disc, or umbilicate, disc atomate, or flocculose; margin involute, deflexed. St. 2-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., fuligi- nous, becoming fuscous grey , tough, equal, smooth. Gills grey, becoming whitish, deeply decurrent, very crowded, narrow. Flesh greyish, becoming white. Spores white, oblong, 9 x 3/z, 1-2-guttulate ; "greyish in the mass, subglobose, 6x 5/>t" Rick. Woods, and hilly pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) **P. coloured, or pallid, glabrous, moist in wet weather. 857. C. gilva Fr. (= Clitocybe subinvoluta Batsch sec. Quel.) Gilva, pale yellow. P. 410 cm., pale yellowish, fleshy, compact, convex, then depressed, very obtuse, smooth, dull, moist, polished and shining when dry, often spotted as with drops; margin very involute, swollen, villose. St. 2-5-5 x 1-2-5 cm., paler than the p., fleshy, subequal, smooth, base villous. Gills pallid, then ochraceous especially at the edge, decurrent, thin, narrow, arcuate, often branched and anastomosing. Flesh con- colorous, compact, at length fragile. Spores white, globose, 4 6/u, punctate. Pine woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 858. C. subinvoluta W. G. Sm. non Batsch. Saund. & Sm. t. 36. Subinvoluta, somewhat rolled in. P. 5-10 cm., creamy flesh colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, or depressed, gibbous, or umbonate, leathery, margin incurved. St. 5-10 x 1-5-2 cm., pinkish flesh colour, zoned with spots, attenuated upwards from the subbulbous base, fibrillose. Gills white, then yellowish, deeply decurrent, broad, rather crowded. Flesh buff-white, darker below, thick, firm. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4-5/n, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures, and under firs. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) Ag. subinvolutus Batsch = Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. var. sub- involutus (Batsch) W. G. Sm. CLITOCYBE 283 C. spinulosa Stev. & Sm. = Clitocybe subinvoluta W. G. Sm. "Saunders wrongly described the spores as echinulate " W. G. Sm. in litt. 859. C. geotropa (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 41, as Agaricus gilvus. yf), earth; rpoTros, turned. P. 3-20 cm., tan flesh colour, very fleshy, convex, then piano-de- pressed, generally gibbous, very smooth, moist in wet weather, when young spotted as with drops, the spots vanishing with age; margin involute, thin, pubescent. St. 5-12 x 2-3 cm., white, becoming yellow, fleshy, slightly attenuated upwards, subfibrillose. Gills white, be- coming pale, deeply decurrent, 4-6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 5-7/1,. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures, often forming large rings. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 860. C. splendens (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 55, upper figs. Splendens, shining. P. 5-8 cm., pale yellowish,becoming yellow, somewhat fleshy, convex, then piano-depressed, at length infundibuliform, smooth, shining; margin reflexed, white, mealy. St. 4-5 x 1-2 cm., white, becoming light yellow, or ochraceous, equal, or attenuated upwards, elastic, smooth. Gills white, becoming light yellow, deeply decurrent, thin, crowded, often forked at the base. Flesh white, becoming concolorous, thin at the margin. Spores white, subglobose, 4-6 x 4-5/i, 1-guttu- late, punctate. Smell and taste pleasant. Woods. Sept. Nov. Un- common, (v.v.) 861. C. inversa (Scop.) Fr. Barla, Champ. Alp. Marit. t. 60, figs. 6-8. Inversa, inverted. P. 5-8 cm., brick colour, or liver-rufescent, fleshy, somewhat fragile, convexo-plane, obtuse, then infundibuliform and undulated, very smooth, moist when fresh, sloping towards the margin, sometimes excentric. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, compressed, cuticle rigid, somewhat rooted and white villous at base. Gills whitish, becoming reddish at the edge, decurrent, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh of the same colour as the p. but paler, thin, rigid, fragile. Spores white, globose, 4jii, minutely echinulate, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste acid. Coniferous woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 862. C. flaccida (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 185. Flaccida, flabby. P. 5-8 cm., tawny ferruginous, shining, not becoming pale, slightly fleshy, tough, orbicular, flaccid especially when dry, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, smooth, rarelv rimuloso-squamulose ; margin spread- ing, slightly convex. St. 2-5-5 x -5-1 cm., rubiginous ferruginous, 284 CLITOCYBE elastic, tough, subequal, polished, base thickened and villous. Gills whitish, becoming yellow especially at the edge, deeply almost obconico- decurrent, very arcuate, very crowded, narrow, 1-2 mm. broad. Flesh pallid, thin, fragile when fresh, flaccid when dry. Spores white, globose, 3-4/x, minutely warted, 1-guttulate. Woods, and heaths, often forming rings. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. lobata (Sow.) Cke. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 186. Lobata, lobed. Differs from the type in its more caespitose habit, in the darker colour, the lobed, or contorted margin of the p., and the st. thickened upwards. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 863. C. vermicularis Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 49. Vermicular is, belonging to a little worm. P. 2-4 cm., deep flesh colour, then tan flesh colour, slightly fleshy, umbilicato-convex, then expanded and infundibuliform, undulato- lobed, smooth, moist, slightly hygrophanous ; margin involute, pruinosely tomentose. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., whitish, equal, often compressed and curved, fibrillosely striate, apex mealy and often surrounded by a floccose zone, base white tomentose and arising from stout, palmately branched, strigose mycelia. Grills white, then cream colour, edge ochraceous, slightly decurrent, attenuated, or obtuse at the base, very crowded, easily separating from the hymenophore, thin. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x Sp. Smell slight, of new meal. Taste somewhat acid. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 864. C. senilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 56, fig. 1. Sentiis, aged. P. 4-8 cm., dingy fuscous tan, or brown becoming paler, fleshy - membranaceous, flaccid, disc depressed, soon infundibuliform, smooth, concentrically cracked; margin spreading. St. 4-5 x -5-1 cm., whitish, equal, often ascending, smooth. Gills whitish, then concolorous with the p., deeply decurrent, linear, narrow, very crowded. Flesh white, thin, flaccid. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6 x 3-4/u,, 1-guttulate. Woods, and lawns. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) ***P. shining white. 865. C. catinus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 51, fig. 4. Catinus, a bowl. P. 5-8 cm., white, becoming discoloured with age, fleshy, plane, then infundibuliform, always obtuse, smooth. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., white, elastic, tough; base thickened and tomentose. Gills white, de- current, straight, descending, broad, not much crowded. Flesh white, thin, flaccid. Spores white, pip-shaped, 45 x 3 /A, minutely punctate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and among dead leaves. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) CLITOCYBE 285 866. C. tuba Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 164, t. 112. Tuba, a trumpet. Entirely white. P. 5-8 cm., fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, umbilicate, dead white when moist, shining whitish when dry, smooth, slightly silky when young. St. 2-55 cm. x 5-6 mm., very tough, equal, at length compressed, smooth. Gills becoming pale, deeply decurrent, horizontal, very crowded, 6 mm. broad. Spores white, elliptical, 45 x 2-3 fj,, "punctate" Quel. Smell none, or of new meal. Coniferous woods. Oct. Nov. Uncommon. 867. C. ericetorum (BuU.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 113. Ericetorum, of heaths. P. 25 cm., shining white, becoming slightly yellowish with age, some- what fleshy, convex, then umbilicate and cup-shaped, smooth, at length striate; margin undulate, or lobed. St. 2 3 cm. x 4 5 mm., white, attenuated downwards, sometimes compressed, pubescent. Gills white, more or less decurrent, subdistant, often connected by veins. Flesh white, thin, firm. Spores white, oval, 4-5 x 2-5-3/A, sparsely and minutely rough. Smell pleasant, like Anthoxanthum odoratum. Taste somewhat acrid. Edible. Heaths, and lawns. Sept. Nov. Eather uncommon, (v.v.) B. P. fleshy-membranaceous, truly hygrophanous. B. P. thin, depressed, then cup-shaped. Colour dingy when moist. 868. C. cyathiformis (Bull.) Fr. KvaOo*;, a cup; forma, shape. P. 2-7 cm., fuscous cinereous, or dark bistre, becoming paler when dry, slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, then cup-shaped, often undu- lated, somewhat shining when moist, opaque when dry, very hygro- phanous; margin persistently incurved. St. 5-10 cm. x 6-9 mm., con- colorous, or paler, elastic, attenuated upwards, fibrillosely-reticulated, base white villous. Gills cinereous fuscous, adnate, or decurrent, connate at the base, distant, sometimes branched. Flesh concolorous, watery, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 10-11 x 5-6 /*, punctate. Smell pleasant, or none. Edible. Woods, pastures, rarely on rotten wood. Aug. Feb. Common, (v.v.) var. cinerascens (Batsch) Fr. (= Clitocybe cinerascens (Batsch) W. G. Sm.) Cinerascens, becoming ash-coloured. Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the plane then depressed p., and yellowish gills. Autumn. Uncommon. 869. C. expallens (Pers.) Fr. (= Clitocybe vibecina Fr. sec. Quel.) Expallens, becoming pale. P. 2-5 cm., cinereous fuscous, becoming whitish, at first sprinkled with white-silky dew, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, then plano-infundibuliform, somewhat zoned when dry; margin mem- 286 CLITOCYBE branaceous, striate, soon expanded. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, tough, equal, smooth, apex white-silky. Gills greyish, decurrent, acute at both ends, thin, subdistant, soft. Flesh greyish, thin. Spores white, "broadly elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 ft, smooth" Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 870. C. albo-cinerea Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 8. Albus, white; cinerea, ash-coloured. P. 2-3 cm., cinereous fuscous, becoming pale, fleshy, convexo-um- bilicate, then expanded and cup-shaped, silky; margin involute. St. 5-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., white, equal, smooth, base white-tomentose. Gills white, decurrent, narrow, 1-2 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thin, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 56 x 4/x,, minutely punctate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 871. C. obbata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 57, fig. 1. Obbata, a kind of cup. P. 2-3 cm., fuscous blackish, or cinereous, becoming very pale when dry, submembranaceous, convexo-plane, with a broadly umbilicate disc, smooth, striate to the middle. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., fuscous cinereous, equal, often compressed, ascending, or flexuose, striate with white, base often subbulbous. Gills dark, cinereous, slightly decurrent, distant, broad. Flesh ochraceous, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 6-7 /x. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 872. C. pruinosa (Lasch) Fr. (= Omphalia litua Fr. sec. Quel.) Pruinosa, rimy. P. 2-5-5 cm., brown, becoming cinereous, hygrophanous, fleshy- membranaceous, umbilicate, and covered with a lead-grey pruina, then broadly infundibuliform and smooth, sometimes squamulose. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, or paler, equal, often ascending, or curved, fibrillose. Gills white, then dingy, or bistre, decurrent, crowded, narrow, arcuate, then scythe-shaped. Flesh becoming cinere- ous, thin. Spores "6-8 x 2-4/x" ex Britz. in Sacc. (1915). Taste mild. Edible. Pine woods, and on rotten wood. Nov. Dec. Rare. 873. C. concava (Scop.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 57, fig. 2. Concava, hollowed out. P. 3-5 cm., fuliginous, then cinereous, or hoary-clay, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, very thin, flaccid, plano-convex, widely and deeply umbilicate, then wholly concave, the convexo-plane border undulated, smooth; margin even. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-8 mm., cinereous, tough, equal, smooth, base attenuated. Gills dark fuliginous, then greyish, decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh pallid, tough, very thin. Spores "greenish, ovoid, 8-12 x 6-8/u," Sacc. Coni- ferous woods. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) CLITOCYBE 287 874. C. suaveolens (Schum.) Fr. (= Clitocybefragrans Sow. sec. Quel.) Suaveolens, sweet smelling. P. 2-3 cm., white when moist with the disc darker, becoming pure white when dry, fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, then depressed, often umbilicate and somewhat infundibuliform, discoid, smooth; margin pellucidly striate, at length reflexed. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, becoming pinkish, elastic, base swollen and villous. Gills whitish, then discoloured, adnato-decurrent, crowded, thin. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 /z" Kick. Smell very pleasant, of aniseed. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially coniferous. Sept. Dec. Uncommon. 875. C. brumalis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 170, t. 114. Brumalis, pertaining to winter. P. 35 cm., livid when moist, becoming whitish, and at length yellowish when dry, disc generally darker, fleshy-membranaceous, convex, um- bilicate, reflexed at the circumference, then infundibuliform, often irregular and undulated, smooth. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-8 mm., greyish, then whitish, equal, or slightly thickened at the apex, at length com- pressed, somewhat incurved, smooth, elastic, base white- villous. Gills livid, becoming yellowish, or whitish, decurrent, arcuate, then descending, 2 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3/i, 1-guttulate. Smell faint, pleasant. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Jan. Common, (v.v.) e. P. rather fleshy, convex then flattened, or depressed, polished. Colour dingy, or becoming pale. *Gills becoming cinereous. 876. C. orbiformis Fr. Orbiformis, round-shaped. P. 4-5 cm., greyish fuliginous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, very obtuse, orbicular, scarcely depressed, smooth, hygrophanous ; margin spreading, finally striate. St. 6-8 cm. x 8-10 mm., grey, attenuated upwards from the villous, thickened base, elastic, fibrillosely striate. Gills whitish, then greyish, adnate, subdecurrent, plane, horizontal, little crowded. Flesh thin. Spores white, ovoid, "6-7 x 3-4ju," Sacc. Pine woods. Sept. Nov. Kare. 877. C. metachroa (Fr.) Berk. /*era, change; %pa>9, colour of the skin. P. 2-8 cm., fuscous cinereous, then livid, whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, convex, and subumbonate, soon plane, or depressed; margin finally slightly striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., grey, equal, often com- pressed, tough, cuticle horny, fibrous, apex white-mealy. Gills whitish cinereous, adnate, scarcely decurrent, crowded, linear, plane, thin. 288 CLITOCYBE Flesh greyish, becoming whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, or pip- shaped, 6 x 3/u,, 1-guttulate. Pine woods. Aug. Nov. Common. (v.v.) 878. C. incana Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 5. Incana, hoary. P. 35 cm., mouse grey, margin white, convexo-plane, then depressed, hygrophanous, pruinose. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., pearl grey, straight, or slightly curved, base white floccose. Gills greyish, becoming some- what ochraceous, decurrent with a tooth, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh greyish, soft, thin. Spores white, globose, 3/j.. Amongst fir needles. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 879. C. pausiaca Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 58, fig. 2. Pausiaca, olive colour. P. 2-5-4 cm., cinereous, then olivaceous, becoming somewhat ochra- ceous when dry, fleshy, thin, convex, sometimes umbonate, then plane and depressed, hygrophanous, silky hoary when young, then smooth. St. 5-7 cm. x 3-6 mm., concolorous, tough, equal, striate, often un- dulated, apex white pruinose. Gills olivaceous, or brownish, obtusely adnate, very broad behind, very crowded, semicircular. Flesh ochra- ceous, thin. Spores white, globose, 3 4yn, 1-guttulate. Smell weak, frumentaceous. Pine woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 880. C. ditopus Fr. SITTOS, double; TTOU?, foot. P. 5-6 cm., cinereous, drying deep ochre from the centre outwards, somewhat fleshy, tough, convexo-plane, obtuse, then inverted, in- fundibuliform, and often undulato-lobed. St. 3-5 cm. x 5-15 mm., pale cinereous, compressed, equal, naked, often very white floccose at the basal half of the st. Gills dark cinereous, adnate, crowded, thin, at length turned upwards, and divergent in the lobes, often undulate. Flesh greyish, then white, thin. Spores white, globose, 3-4^. Smell strong, of new meal. Woods, and amongst dead leaves. Sept. Nov. Com- mon, (v.v.) **Gills whitish. 881. C. diatreta Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 173, t. 232. SiarprfTos, pierced through. P. 2-3 cm., flesh colour, then tan colour, slightly fleshy, tough, con- vex, regular, obtuse, then piano-depressed, often flexuose, becoming flaccid, smooth, hygrophanous; margin white, incurved, pruinose. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., pallid, elastic, flexile, equal, round, smooth, villose at the base. Gills whitish flesh colour, then whitish, adnate, sharp pointed behind, decurrent with a tooth, 2 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh concolorous, becoming whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x Qfj,, often pointed at one end, 1-guttulate. Coniferous woods. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) CLITOCYBE 289 882. C. fragrans (Sow.) Fr. (= Clitocybe suaveokns (Schum.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 10. Fragrans, scented. P. 2-5 cm., watery pallid when moist, whitish when dry, of one colour, not darker at the disc, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, or sub- depressed smooth ; margin slightly striate when moist. St. 5-7 cm. x 46 mm., concolorous, or yellowish, equal, elastic, smooth, apex obsoletely pruinose, base very often villous. Gills whitish, adnate, sharp-pointed behind, subdecurrent, rather crowded, broader than the flesh of the p. Flesh white, watery, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/i. Smell and taste very pleasant, of aniseed. Edible. Woods, and pastures. July Jan. Common, (v.v.) 883. C. angustissima (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 59. Angustissima, very narrow. P. 3-5 cm., cream, or flesh coloured, shining whitish when dry, fleshy, thin, piano-depressed, smooth; margin spreading, slightly striate when old. St. 5-7 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, often curved, or flexuose, internally fibrous, base sometimes pubescent. Gills white, subdecurrent, very crowded, narrow, thin. Flesh whitish, very thin, moderately firm. Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x 2-3/z. Woods, and amongst leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 884. C. obsoleta (Batsch) Fr. Obsoleta, worn out. P. 2-3 cm., grey, or cream colour, soon turning whitish, clay white when dry, sometimes inclining to flesh colour, somewhat fleshy, soft, convex, or gibbous, then plane, or depressed, hygrophanous, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 6-8 mm., whitish, elastic, tough, round, often compressed, equal, smooth, apex pruinose. Gills greyish, then whitish, obtusely adnate, almost rounded behind, then adnato-decurrent, broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, thin, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4-5/z. Smell faint, pleasant. Coniferous woods, and amongst grass and leaves. Oct. Nov. Uncommon. . P. deformed, more or less squamulose. 885. C. ectypa Fr. (= Collybia ectypa (Fr.) QueL) Fr. Icon. t. 59, fig. 1. eTV7ro5, wrought in relief. P. 4-7-5 cm., dingy, or light yellow honey colour, then rufescent, or brownish, fleshy, somewhat thin, convex, then rather plane, or de- pressed, disc streaked with innate fibrils radiating from the centre, as if sprinkled with soot, or squamulose; margin very thin, striate. St. 5-10 x -5-1 cm., dingy light yellow, then olivaceous, becoming black at the often bulbous base, elastic, equal. Gills white, soon pale, then spotted rufous, somewhat mealy, adnate, or decurrent with a rather delicate tooth, distant, often connected by veins. Flesh pallid straw colour, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 9 x 6-7 p, 1-guttulate. Smell E. B. B. 19 290 CLITOCYBE. LACCARIA pleasant, of aniseed, at length, foetid. Meadows, damp places, and peat bogs. June Dec. Eare. C. Sadleri B. & Br. = Hypholoma fasciculate (Huds.) Fr. Spores white; hymenium pulverulent. Laccaria B. & Br. (Lac, a resinous excretion left by the lac insect.) Pileus fleshy, regular, or irregular. Stem central, externally fibrous. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, pulverulent. Spores white, glo- bose, or elliptical, echinulate, or verrucose. Growing on the ground, and on wood. 886. L. laccata (Scop.) B. & Br. (= Clitocybe laccata (Scop.) Fr.; CollyUa laccata (Scop.) Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 179, t. 139, figs. coloured red, as Clitocybe laccata Scop. Lac, the exudation from the lac insect. P. 3-5 cm., rufous flesh colour when moist, ochraceous when dry, fleshy, convex, then rather plane, more or less umbilicato-depressed, dry, very hygrophanous, becoming pale in drying, the cuticle often breaking up into mealy squamules, or somewhat silky, sometimes un- dulato-crisped and irregularly shaped. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., concolorous, tough, fibrous, equal, often flexuose, or twisted, fibrillose, base white villous. Gills flesh colour, then white mealy, adnate with a decurrent tooth, very broad, distant, plane, thick. Flesh concolorous, somewhat thin, firm in the st. Spores white, globose, 8-9 p, echinulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-vermiform, 50-60 x 9-12/t" Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Heaths, and woods. June Dec. Very common. (,*) var. proxima (Boud.) Maire. Boud. Icon. t. 60, as Laccaria proxima Boud. Proxima, very near. Differs from the type in its brighter colour, and the larger elliptical spores, 10-15 x 6-7/x,, minutely echinulate 1 . Heaths, and woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. amethystina (Vaill.) B. & Br. Amethystina, amethyst colour. Differs from the type in the whole of the plant, including the flesh t being of a beautiful deep violet colour, becoming paler when dry. Woods, and pastures. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 887. L. tortilis (Bolt.) Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 59. Tortilis, twisted. P. 1-2-5 cm., pale rose, or slightly yellowish, striate to the deeper coloured disc, membranaceous, thin, convex, then plane and depressed ; 1 Both elliptical and globose spores have been found on the same plant. LACCABIA. HYGROPHORUS 291 margin often undulate. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., reddish yellow, or pale, equal, or attenuated downwards, slightly fibrillose. Gills con- colorous, becoming white mealy, adnate, with a very slight tooth, broad, often connected by veins. Flesh, pinkish, very thin. Spores white, globose, 8-10/z, echinulate. Charcoal heaps, roadsides, and bare soil in woods. Aug. Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 888. L. bella (Pers.) B. & Br. (= Clitocybe bella (Pers.) Fr. ; Collybia bella (Pers.) Quel.) Bella, lovely. P. 3-5 cm., dark yellow, or golden, sometimes rufescent, sprinkled with darker, or orange coloured squamules, becoming pale, somewhat fleshy, pliant, convex, then expanded, depressed at the disc, then undulato-repand. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., bright yellow, or becoming yellow, tough, equal, fibrous, rivulose with the fibrils. Gills yellow, then rufescent and white mealy, adnate, then decurrent with a tooth, very broad, distant, connected by veins, sometimes branched. Spores white, subglobose, 7 x 5-7^,, minutely warted. Smell foetid. On decaying coniferous stumps. Sept. Rare. 889. L. nana Massee. Massee, Kew Bull. (1913), t. to face p. 195, figs. 17-20. vdvvos, dwarf. P. 1 cm., livid cinnamon, becoming paler, somewhat fleshy, hemi- spherical, then plane and concave, smooth; margin at first covered with white meal. St. 1 cm., white, fibrillose. Gills pale, at length white mealy, adnate, attenuated at the base, rather distant. Spores white, globose, 15-16//,, echinulate. Naked soil under trees. Spores white; hymenium waxy. Hygrophorus Fr. (7/905, moist; </>epo>, I bear.) Pileus fleshy, regular, viscid, or dry. Stem central, fleshy. Gills decurrent, or adnato-decurrent. Spores white, very rarely slightly coloured, elliptical, oval, globose, clavate, pip-shaped, or oblong- elliptical, smooth, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, very rarely on wood. I. Universal veil viscid, with occasionally a floccose partial one, which is annular, or marginal. St. clothed with scales, or more frequently rough with dots above. Gills adnato-decurrent. *White, or yellowish white. 890. H. chrysodon Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 872, t. 885. Xpucro9, gold; oSou?, a tooth. P. 5-7 cm., white, or yellowish, covered with evanescent, yellow, floccose squamules, which are more permanent at the involute margin, 192 292 HYGROPHORUS convex, then plane, viscid. St. 5-7-5 x 1-1-5 cm., white, covered with minute, light yellow squamules, which form a zone at the apex. Gills white, somewhat yellowish at the edge, adnate, or decurrent, broad, dis- tant, sometimes crisped. Flesh white, sometimes reddish. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3p. Smell pleasant, taste mild. Edible. Oak, and beech woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. leucodon (A. & S.) Fr. Xev/co9, white; 0801;?, a tooth. Differs from the type in having white squamules. 891. H. eburneus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 873, t. 886. Eburneus, ivory white. Entirely shining white, becoming yellowish with age. P. 3-10 cm., convexo-plane, somewhat repand, very glutinous, margin involute, at first pubescent. St. 3-8 x 1-1-5 cm., glutinous, rough at the apex with dots in the form of squamules, unequal. Gills decurrent, distant, veined at the base. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4/z. Smell not unpleasant, taste mild. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 892. H. cossus (Sow.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 30. Cossus ligniperda, the Goat moth. P. 4-8 cm., white, disc ochraceous, convexo-plane, then expanded and depressed, umbonate, very viscid. St. 5-10 cm. x 5-12 mm., white, or becoming tinged with yellow, viscid, equal, or slightly attenu- ated at the base, furfuraceous and granular at the apex. Gills white, decurrent, distant, thick, connected by veins. Spores white, oval, 8-9 x 5-6/M, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, like that of the larva of Cossus ligniperda. Woods, and under conifers. Aug. Nov. Com- mon, (v.v.) 893. H. melizeus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 165, fig. 3. fie\i, honey. Internally and externally becoming yellowish tan. P. 2-5-4 cm., disc fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, often repand, viscid ; margin thin, at first pubescent. St. 7-8 cm. x 6-10 mm., attenuated downwards, subfusiform, apex rough with innate, fioccose, white granules. Gills deeply decurrent, distant, connected by veins. "Spores elliptic- oblong, apiculate, creamy- white, 10 x 5 /A" Mass. & Crossl. Smell pleasant. Woods. Nov. Uncommon. 894. H. discoxanthus (Fr.) Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 3. &107CO9, disc; %av06$, yellow. P. 4-6 cm., white, then yellowish, deeper coloured at the centre, the extreme margin becoming brownish with age, viscid, convex, then expanded and revolute, disc depressed. St. 3-4 cm. x 6-12 mm., soon becoming reddish brown, apex white farinaceous, viscid, gradu- ally attenuated downwards, often curved. Gills white, then yellowish, HYGROPHORUS 293 edge turning reddish when bruised, and then finally reddish brown, especially towards the margin of the pileus. Flesh white, becoming red- dish in the stem. Spores white, pruniform, apiculate, 6-7 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, like aniseed. Parks, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 895. H. penarius Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 48. Penarius, for provisions. P. 7-10 cm., white, then tan colour, opaque, umbonate, then obtuse, hemispherical, then flattened, generally dry, hard; margin at first involute, exceeding the gills, undulate when flattened. St. 4 cm. x 12 mm. at apex, pale white, often yellowish at the base, compact, hard, attenuated at the base into a fusiform root, ventricose to the neck, then attenuated upwards, or wholly fusiform-attenuated, smeared with tenacious easily dried slime, scabrous. Gills white, or tan, adnato- decurrent, distant, thick, 6-8 mm. broad, rigid, veined. Flesh white, compact, thick. Spores white, "ovate-spherical or ovate-oblong, 7-8 x 3-4/A" Sacc. Smell pleasant, taste sweet. Edible. Oak woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 896. H. pulverulentus B. & Br. Quel. Soc. sc. n. de Rouen (1879), t. 3, fig. 9. Pulverulentus, dusted. P. 8-18 mm., shining white, pulvinate, viscous; margin involute, tomentose. St. 18 x 2-4 mm., white, wholly powdered with rose- coloured meal, nearly equal, attenuated at the extreme base. Gills whitish, decurrent, thick, obtuse at the edge. Spores white, globose, 7/u,. Amongst pine leaves. Nov. Dec. Rare. **Reddish. 897. H. russula (Schaeff.) Quel. (- Tricholoma russula Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1116, t. 926, as Tricholoma russula Schaeff. Russula, reddish. P. 10-20 cm., flesh colour, or purplish with deeper coloured streaks, paler and whitish at the tomentose margin, viscid, gibbous, convexo- plane, then depressed. St. 6-12 x 1-2 cm., white, stained reddish, apex white, farinaceous. Gills whitish, then spotted with bright red, sinuate, or emarginate, thin, rather crowded. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5fi or 6-7 x 4-5/n, slightly depressed on one side, with a large central gutta. Taste sweet, or slightly bitter. In deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 898. H. erubescens Fr. (= Limacium rubescens (Pers.).) Cke. Illus. no. 876, t. 888. Erubescens, becoming red. P. 5-10 cm., whitish, spotted with rose, slightly viscid, gibbous, then convexo-plane. St. 5-8 x 2 cm., whitish stained reddish, tinged yellowish 294 HYGROPHORUS when bruised, or rubbed, equal, or attenuated at the base. Gills whitish, washed with flesh colour, decurrent, somewhat distant. Flesh yellowish. Spores white, elliptical, 8-11 x 6/x., with a large central gutta. Taste bitter, then sometimes slightly acrid. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 899. H. pudorinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 877, t. 911. Pudorinus, modest. P. 5-9 cm., bright reddish flesh colour, disc deeper coloured, convex, then depressed, viscid; margin white, pubescent. St. 5-8 x 1-5-3 cm., white, or flesh colour, firm, viscid; apex contracted, rough withfloccose granules. Gills white, flesh colour near the edge, adnate, wide, thick, often crisped. Flesh white, rose colour under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores white, elliptical, 67 x 4-5/z. Smell very pleasant, taste sweet. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 900. H. glutinifer Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 878, t. 889. Gluten, glne;fero, I bear. P. 59 cm., rufescent, whitish round the margin, convexo-expanded, thin with the exception of the gibbous disc, pellicle glutinous, disc wrinkled dotted. St. 7-10 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous, apex white- squamulose, somewhat elastic, ventricose downwards, with a viscid veil. Gills shining white, or pale grey, arcuato-decurrent, rather thick. Spores white, clavate, 9-10 x 7/t, 3-guttulate. Taste mild. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 901. H. persicinus Beck. Persicinus, pertaining to a peach. P. 5 cm., peach colour, or somewhat orange, conical, then hemi- spherical, shining, even; margin incurved. St. 10 x 2cm., pale lilac-peach colour, base yellowish, constricted below the gills. Gills fuscescent, adnato-decurrent, edge very obtuse. Spores 15-20 x 5 6)ti. Amongst grass in woods. Rare. ***Tawny, or light yellow. 902. H. arbustivus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 879, t. 896, fig. A. Arbustivus, belonging to plantations. P. 3-10 cm., slightly tawny-brick colour, paler round the pubescent margin, convexo-plane, obtuse, umbonate, somewhat repand, viscid, disc streaked with innate fibrils. St. 4-9 cm. x 6-15 mm., pale white, elastic, cylindrical, viscid, apex covered with white, free, mealy granules. Gills white, adnate, scarcely decurrent, distant, thick. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4-5/z, 2-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) HYGROPHORUS 295 903. H. discoideus (Pers.) Fr. Gonn. & Rabenh. vm-ix, t. 10, fig. 4. Ster/eo9, disc; etSo?, like. P. 2-5-6 cm., pale yellowish inclining to pale, disc darker, somewhat ferruginous, campanulate, then plane, obtusely umbonate, very glutinous. St. 4-6 cm. x 6-10 mm., pale white, viscid, fiocculose, apex with white dots. Gills pale yellowish white, or flesh colour, adnate, decurrent, dis- tant, soft. Flesh under the cuticle of the umbo ferruginous, yellowish white, or flesh colour elsewhere. Spores white, elliptical, 6-9 x 5/x, 1-guttulate. Woods. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 904. H. aureus (Arrh.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 166, fig. 2. Aureus, golden. P. 2-4 cm., bright golden yellow, becoming reddish, convex, then plane, glutinous. St. 46 cm. x 6 mm., becoming tawny, apex white pruinose above the glutinous, ring-like, fugacious, tawny-reddish veil. Gills white, or yellowish, adnato-decurrent, distant. Flesh white, or pale ochraceous. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6/z. Woods. Nov. Rare. 905. H. aromaticus (Sow.) Berk. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 144. apcofjMTiKos, fragrant. P. 5-8 cm., cinnamon, convex, then expanded and plane, very fragile, glutinous, the gluten in drying sometimes contracting and forming raised, anastomosing ribs. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, sub-equal. Gills white, with a pink tinge, slightly decurrent, 2-3 mm. broad. Flesh bruising blackish. Smell spicy, taste like peppermint, acrid. Amongst grass. Rare. ****01ivaceous umber. H. latitabundus Britz. = Hygrophorus Clarkii (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. 906. H. limacinus Fr. Saund. & Sm. t. 28. Limacinus, slimy. P. 46 cm., disc umber, then fuliginous, margin paler, convex, then plane, obtuse, viscid. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, greyish, or bistre, firm, ventricose, viscid, fiocculose, fibrilloso-striate, apex squamulose. Gills white inclining to cinereous, or yellowish, adnate, then decurrent, subdistant. Flesh firm, white. Spores white, elliptical, 12 x 8/x. Amongst leaves in woods. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 907. H. squamulosus Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 6. Squamulosus, covered with little scales. P. 57 cm., yellow olivaceous, disc fuscous, convex, then expanded, subumbonate, glutinous, floccosely squamulose beneath the gluten, tomentose at the incurved margin over the base of the gills. St. 6- 8 x 1-52 cm., concolorous, apex white, mealy, equal, or enlarged downwards, glutinous. Gills white, 5-10 mm. wide, sinuato-adnate, 296 HYGROPHORUS margin irregular, somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming yellow- ish towards the lower half of the stem. Spores white, globose, 3-5-4 x 3-5/a. Smell and taste pleasant. Amongst short grass. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 908. H. olivaceo-albus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 31. Olivaceus, olivaceous; albus, white. P. 3-10 cm., olivaceous-fuscous, becoming pale especially towards the margin, at first acorn-shaped, then expanded, umbonate, at length de- pressed round the umbo, glutinous and often forming tear-like drops at the margin, which becomes striate when old. St. 5-13 cm. x 6- 15 mm., white, sheathed with the squamulose, spotted, fuscous, viscid veil which terminates at the apex in the form of a ring, equal, or attenuated at the base, apex shining white. Gills white, or olivaceous from the gluten, decurrent, distant, broad, connected by veins at the base. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/z, 2-guttulate. Woods, especially of conifers. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. obesus Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 92. Obesus, stout. Differs from the type in having a thick, squat stem. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 909. H. hypothejus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 32. VTTO, under; Oeiov, brimstone. P. 3-6 cm., at first covered with olivaceous gluten, cinereous when the gluten disappears, becoming pale and yellowish, orange, or rarely (when rotting) rufescent, convex, then depressed, obtuse, somewhat streaked. St. 5-10 cm. x 410 mm., whitish, becoming yellowish, equal, viscid, rarely spotted with the veil ; partial veil floccose, at the first cortinate and annular, soon fugacious. Gills pallid, soon yellow, sometimes flesh colour, decurrent, distant. Flesh white, then light yellow. Spores white, elliptic-oblong, 10-11 x 4-5jn, 1-many-guttulate. Woods, and heaths, under conifers. Sept. Jan. Common, (v.v.) var. expallens Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 33. Expallens, becoming pale. Differs from the type in its smaller size, paler colour, and decreased viscidity. Under pines. Nov. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 910. H. cerasinus Berk. (= Hygrophorus agathosmus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 884, t. 898. Cerasus Laurocerasus, the cherry laurel. P. 46 cm., pale umber, then grey, convex, broadly umbonate, often more or less undulate, sometimes depressed, viscid, shining when dry ; margin minutely tomentose. St. 2-5-8 x 1 cm., white, attenuated below, sometimes ventricose, punctato-squamulose above. Gills HYGBOPHOBUS 297 white, tinged with pink, decurrent, broad, sometimes forked, very distant. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4 /A. Smell like that of cherry laurel leaves. Fir woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) *****Fuscous cinereous, or livid. 911. H. fusco-albus Fr. Fuscus, dark; albus, white. P. 4-8 cm., fuscous, then cinereous, convexo-plane, then depressed, moderately firm, viscid ; margin white-floccose. St. 5-12 cm. x 8- 15 mm., white, equal, when dry white-floccose at the apex. Gills snow- white, decurrent, broad, rather thick. Flesh greyish white. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 5/t, 1-guttulate. Woods, and amongst grass under conifers. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 912. H. agathosmus Fr. (= Hygrophorus cerasinus Berk. sec. Quel.) Gonn. & Rabenh. vm-ix, t. 11, fig. 4. dya66s, good; 007477, scent. P. 4-7 cm., livid grey, unicolorous, dotted with minute, raised, crowded, viscid, pellucid, whitish papillae, convex, then plane, gibbous, viscid ; margin at first involute, villose, at length reflexed, and undu- lated. St. 512 cm. x 6-15 mm., white, equal, or slightly thickened downwards, somewhat fibrillosely striate, granularly farinose at the apex, the squamules at length becoming cinereous. Gills shining white, decurrent, distant, 6-8 mm. wide, soft, somewhat veined at the base. Flesh watery whitish, soft. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 4 5/u.. Smell very pleasant. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncom- mon, (v.v.) 913. H. pustulatus (Pers.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 13. Pustulatus, blistered. P. 2-5 cm., livid grey, disc fuscous, broken up into papillae, convex, then expanded, umbonate, viscid. St. 3*5 4-5 cm. x 5-13 mm., white, rough with black points, equal, or fusiform. Gills white, sometimes glaucous, adnato-decurrent, 5-6 mm. wide, distant, soft. Spores white, ovoid pruniform, 8-9 x 5/x. Fir woods. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 914. H. mesotephrus B. & Br. /ieo-09, middle; Tempos, ash-coloured. P. 2-3 cm., white, disc brown, convex, somewhat hemispherical, viscid, striate, the extreme margin often remaining quite even. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, often stained yellowish, flexuose, attenuated at the base, viscid, floccoso-granulated at the apex. Gills pure white, shortly decurrent, moderately broad, ventricose, rather distant. Flesh white, hygrophanous. Spores white, elliptical, somewhat pointed at the one end, 9 x 6/i. Woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 298 HYGROPHORT7S 915. H. livido-albus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 888, t. 915. Lividus, livid; albus, white. P. 4-7 cm., livid, umbo bistre, with darker streaks, convex, viscid. St. 6-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., grey, becoming yellowish downwards, equal, or attenuated at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills shining white, decurrent, distant. Flesh greyish when moist, white when dry, often tinged with yellow in the stem. Spores white, elliptical, 10-11 x 5-6 jit, multi-guttulate. Woods. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) II. Veil none. St. even, smooth, or fibrillose, not rough with dots. P. firm, opaque, moist in rainy weather, not viscous. Gills distant, arcuate. *Gills deeply, and at length obconically decurrent. 916. H. camarophyllus (A. & S.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus caprinus (Scop.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 889, t. 916, as Hygrophorus caprinus Scop. tca^dpa, a vault; <j)v\\ov, a leaf. P. 3-10 cm., blackish-fuliginous, or blackish, at length cinereous- fuliginous, but varying azure-blue, convex, then plane and depressed, sometimes more or less umbonate, especially when young, firm, moist, or dry, more or less radiately streaked with innate fibrils, pellicle hardly separable ; margin at first white, pruinose, incurved, then expanded, revolute, concolorous and undulating. St. 4-8 x 1-1-5 cm., fuliginous, equal, or attenuated downwards, longitudinally fibrillose, apex finally whitish, base white, pubescent. Gills white, becoming glaucous, or grey, deeply decurrent, distant, 58 mm. wide, thick, connected by veins. Flesh white. Spores elliptical, slightly apiculate at the one end, 6-9 x 4-5/u., multi-guttulate. Smell strong, like that of Corti- narius purpurascens, taste mild, slightly sweet. Heaths and pastures under firs. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 917. H. leporinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 891, t. 931, as Hygrophorus nemoreus Fr. Leporinus, belonging to a hare. P. 3-6 cm., yellow-rufescent, varying fuscous, equally fleshy, convex, gibbous, fibrilloso-fioccose, firm, opaque, margin scalloped, then split, silky. St. 4-5 x 1 cm., whitish flesh colour, firm, rigid, attenuated commonly downwards, more rarely upwards, fibrillose, base white. Gills pale yellowish, decurrent, branched. Flesh reddish flesh colour. Spores "pale umber, subglobose, 6-8 x 4-4-5/i" Sacc. Woods, and downs. Sept. Oct. Rare. H. bicolor Karst. = Hygrophorus Karstenii Sacc. & Cub. 918. H. nemoreus (Lasch) Fr. Nemoreus, belonging to a wood. P. 3-8 cm., somewhat orange, equally fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, at length depressed. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., pale, firm, squamu- HYGROPHORTJS 299 lose, fibroso-striate, attenuated at the base. Gills somewhat concolorous, decurrent, thick, distant, wide. Flesh yellowish, deeper coloured under the cuticle of the pikus. Spores white, globose, 5-6 x 5/z. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Oct. Dec. Uncommon. (v.v.) 919. H. pratensis (Pers.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus ficoides (Bull.) Schroet.) Cke. Illus. no. 892, t. 917. Pratensis, growing in meadows. P. 2-5-8 cm., tawny yellow, or buff, compactly fleshy especially at the disc, thin towards the margin, convex, then flattened, gibbous, almost turbinate from the stem being thickened upwards, moist, rimosely incised when dry. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., concolorous but paler, attenuated downwards, dilated into the pileus. Grills concolorous, or white, deeply decurrent, at first arcuate, then extended in the form of an inverted cone, very distant, thick, firm, brittle, connected by veins. Flesh ochraceous. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/i. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures, and heaths. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. cinereus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 893, t. 932, fig. B. Cinereus, ash colour. Differs from the type in the thinner, cinereous p., at length striate at the margin, the white st. sometimes yellowish at the base, and the cinereous gills. Heaths and downs. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. (v.v.) var. pallidus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 893, t. 932, fig. A. Pallidus, pallid. Differs from the type in the pallid, infundibuliform p., with undulate, defiexed margin, the dilated, fibrillosely striate St., and the pallid, decur- rent, branched, distant gills. On downs and hillsides. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. umbrinus W. G. Sm. Umbrinus, umber. Differs from the type in the umber p., substriate at the margin, the white, equal st., and the flesh being coloured umber under the cuticle of the p. Hilly pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. meisneriensis Fr. Meisneriensis, belonging to Mount Meisner. Differs from the type in the much smaller p., at length striate at the margin, the white st., and the easily separable pellicle of the p. 920. H. Karstenii Sacc. & Cub. (= Hygrophorus bicolor Karst. sec. W. G. Sm.) Karst. Icon. t. xm. P. A. Karsten, the eminent Finnish mycologist. P. 5-8 cm., white, or whitish, convexo-plane, at length often depressed, disc compact. St. 8-14 x 1-5-2 cm., white, or whitish, 300 HYGBOPHORUS attenuated downwards, wavy. Gills yellow, deeply decurrent, thick, distant. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 6ju. Woods. Nov. Uncommon. 921. H. foetens Phill. Cke. lUus. no. 904, t. 903, fig. B. Foetens, stinking. P. 1-5-2-5 cm., dark brown, convex, then plane, at length broken up into squamules. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., paler than the pileus, attenu- ated downwards, shining, clothed with transversely arranged fibrous scales. Gills somewhat of the same colour as the pileus, or paler, some- what glaucous-pruinose, decurrent, distant, rather thick. Flesh dark coloured. Spores white, globose, 4-5 /z. Smell very foetid, nauseous. Grassy places. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 922. H. virgineus (Wulf.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus ericeus (Bull.) Schroet.) Boud. Icon. t. 37. Virgineus, maidenly. Entirely white. P. 37 cm., convex, then plane, obtuse, subumbonate, moist, at length depressed, cracked into patches, floccose and becoming yellowish when dry. St. 5-11 cm. x 5-10 mm., firm, attenuated at the base, pruinose, striate. Gills decurrent, distant, rather thick, veined at the base. Spores white, oblong elliptic, 9-12 x 5-6 ft. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Pastures, heaths, and woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. roseipes Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 895, t. 893. Roseus, rose-coloured; pes, foot. Differs from the type in the stem being rose-coloured externally, and internally towards the base. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 923. H. ventricosus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 897, t. 901. Ventricosus, ventricose. Entirely white. P. 5-7-5 cm., convex, unequal. St. 6 x 1-1-5 cm., ventricose, attenuated at both ends. Gills deeply decurrent, narrow, sometimes forked. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4/z. Pastures, and amongst grass. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 924. H. niveus (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 896, t. 900, fig. A. Niveus, snow-white. Entirely white. P. 1-5-3 cm., submembranaceous, campanulate, then convex, umbilicate, striate and viscid when moist. St. 4-6 cm. x 2- 4 mm., equal. Gills decurrent, distant, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/i. Smell and taste mild. Edible. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 925. H. russocoriaceus Berk. & Miller. Cke. Illus. no. 896, t. 900, fig. B. Russus, Russian; coriaceus, leathery. P. 1-2 cm., ivory-white, convex, slightly viscid. St. 1-5-4 cm. x 2- 6 mm., pure white, thickened upwards. Gills concolorous, decurrent, HYGROPHORUS 301 arched, thick, very few, distant. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x multi-guttulate. Smell very pleasant, like Russian leather. Edible. Pastures, and heaths. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) **Gills ventricose, sinuato-arcuate, or plano-adnate. 926. H. fomicatus Fr. Fornicatus, arched. P. 2-55 cm., white, or pallid livid, campanulate, then expanded, obsoletely umbonate, subrepand, viscid. St. 5-8 cm. x 5-13 mm., shining white, firm, tough, equal, subundulate. Gills white, almost free, or sinuato-adnexed, thick, ventricose, distant, exceeding the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3-4/4. Pastures. Oct. Nov. Un- common. (v.v.) 927. H. clivalis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 898, t. 933, as Hygrophorus forni- catus Fr. Clivalis, belonging to hills. P. 3-4 cm., whitish, disc yellowish, campanulate, silky, umbonate, becoming split, scalloped, thin, striate. St. 46 x 1 cm., white, fragile, attenuated at the base. Gills pale ochraceous, sinuate, almost free, ventricose, distant, wide. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3/x. Parks, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 928. H. distans Berk. Berk. Outl. t. 13, fig. 1. Distans, being distant. P. 35 cm., white with a silky lustre, here and there stained with brown, plane, or depressed, often umbilicate, viscid. St. 3-4 cm. x 5- 6 mm., white above, cinereous below and attenuated. Gills pure white, then tinged with cinereous, decurrent, few, very distant, subventricose, interstices obscurely rugose. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10 x 8/a. Smell sometimes pleasant, like the essence of almonds. Woods. Oct. Rare. 929. H. Clarkii (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. (= Hygrophorus latitabundus (Britz.) sec. W. G. Sm.) J. Aubrey Clark. P. 9-10-5 cm., opaque umber, or livid cinereous, margin white, obtuse, convexo-plane, viscid. St. 4r-7 x 2-3 cm., white-squamulose above, pale umber-scaly below, equal, or attenuated downwards, viscid. Gills ivory-white, adnate, distant, broad, thick, veined. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x Qfj,. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare. 930. H. metapodius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 901, t. 918. fierd, reversed; TTOU<?, foot. P. 4-8 cm., cinereous-fuscous, convex, then plane, obtuse, at first viscid and slightly shining, then silky and squamulose, irregular. St. 410 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, attenuated downwards, sometimes swollen at the base, fibrillosely striate. Gills dark grey, becoming 302 HYGROPHORUS stained with red, adnate, or arcuato-decurrent, distant, thick, veined, broad. Flesh pallid grey, reddish when broken and at length becoming black. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 6/n, with a large central gutta. Smell of new meal, taste mild. Old mossy pastures. Oct. Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 931. H. ovinus (Bull.) Fr. Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 50. Ovinus, belonging to sheep. P. 4-5 cm., fuscous, campanulate, then expanded, somewhat umbo- nate, at first slightly viscid, then dry and squamulose, at length revo- lute, undulated, rimosely incised. St. 3-4 x -5-1 cm., pallid, or grey- ish, subequal, or slightly thickened at both ends, curved, or twisted, fibrillosely striate. Gills grey, then rufescent, arcuato-adnate, decur- rent with a tooth, thick, broad, connected by veins. Flesh fragile, grey, then tinged reddish, and finally black. Spores white, subglobose, 6 x 4-5^t. Smell strong, of new meal, taste mild. Pastures, and hill- sides. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 932. H. connatus Karst. Connatus, born together. P. 3-4 cm., grey, margin submembranaceous, convex, then plane, unequal, dry, silky, then smooth. St. 6-7 cm. x 4-5 mm., concolorous, equal, silky fibrillose, apex farinose. Gills dark grey, decurrent, some- what thick, distant, branched. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4- 5 /it. Caespitose. Woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 933. H. subradiatus (Schum.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 902, t. 935, fig. A. Sub, somewhat; radiatus, rayed. P. 3-4 cm., white, livid, grey, or flesh colour, disc fuscous, sub- membranaceous, convex, then expanded, slightly umbonate, radiato- striate from the translucent gills. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., pale, equal, twisted, attenuated at the white base. Gills white, deeply decurrent with a tooth, plane, ventricose, somewhat thin, distant, connected by veins. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 6 /A, with a large central gutta. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. lacinus Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 25, fig. 3, as Hygrophorus lacmus. Lac, varnish. P. 2-5 cm., lilac, then becoming pale, convex, umbonate, unequal at the circumference, radiato- striate when moist, even when dry, shining, disc often fibrillose, or squamulose. St. 3-5 cm. x 7-15 mm., white, or greyish, often tinged with yellow at the base, narrowed at the base and apex. Gills cinereous, plano-decurrent, thin, connected by veins, subdistant. Flesh tinged with grey, yellowish at the base of the stem. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 6/1-, with a large central gutta. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. More common than the type. (v.v.) HYGROPHOBTJS 303 934. H. irrigatus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 168, fig. 3. Irrigatus, bedewed. P. 2-5-5 cm., livid, becoming dingy white as the gluten separates, fragile, campanulate, expanded, obtuse, viscid, margin striate. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., livid, very viscid, equal, tough. Gills white, or grey, adnate with a decurrent tooth, subdistant, wide, fragile, rather thick, connected by veins. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 x 4/n" Massee. Fir woods, grassy places, and pastures. Oct. Nov. Un- common. III. Veil none. Whole fungus thin, watery, succulent, fragile. P. viscid when moist, shining when dry, rarely floccosely squamose. St. hollow, soft, not punctate. Gills soft. Most of the species brightly coloured, and shining. *Gills decurrent. 935. H. Colemannianus Blox. Cke. Illus. no. 904, t. 903, fig. A. W. H. Coleman. P. 2-5-5 cm., reddish umber, paler when dry except in the centre, subcampanulate, then expanded, strongly umbonate, striate when moist, and slightly viscid. St. 2-54 cm. x 24 mm., white, very slightly tinged with umber, nearly equal, brittle, fibrous, somewhat silky. Gills umber, paler than the pileus, deeply decurrent, rather broad, distant, interstices veined and rugose. Flesh white, tinged with umber under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores white, broadly ellip- tical, 6-8 x 6/x. Pastures, and hillsides. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon. (t>.*) 936. H. sciophanus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 167, fig. 1. (TKid, shade; fyaivw, I appear. P. 1-4 cm., deep tawny, or brick colour, becoming paler when dry, opaque, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, slightly viscid, some- what fleshy; margin paler, striate. St. 3-7-5 cm. x 2-6 mm., tawny yellowish, or paler, equal, flexuose, viscid. Gills of the same colour as the pileus, or yellowish, attenuato-adnate, distant. Flesh yellowish, reddish near the cuticle. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /z. Amongst grass. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 937. H. sciophanoides Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 905, t. 937, fig. A, as Hygrophorus sciophanus Fr. Sciophanus, the species H. sciophanus; etSo9, like. P. 1-3 cm., rosy pink, campanulate, then expanded, striate to the disc, interstices paler, subumbonate, or papillate, membranaceous, fragile. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, base white. Gills pale pink, uncinato-adnate, broadest in front. Flesh pale yellow, becoming white. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/n. Heaths, and hilly pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 304 HYGROPHORTJS 938. H. laetus (Pers.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus Houghtoni Berk. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 167, fig. 2. Laetus, cheerful. P. 2 3 cm., tawny, shining, convex, then flattened, obtuse, viscid; margin almost membranaceous and slightly pellucid-striate. St. 3'5-7*5 cm. x 4 mm., concolorous, apex externally and internally bluish green, equal, tough, viscid. Gills flesh colour, whitish, or fuli- ginous, subdecurrent, distant, thin, somewhat connected by veins. Flesh of the same colour as the pileus but paler. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5/Lt, 1-2-guttulate. Heaths, and hilly pastures. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 939. H. vitellinus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 167, fig. 3. Vitellinus, of yolk of egg. P. 1-2-5 cm., citron-egg-yellow, becoming white when dry, very thin, convex, umbilicate, viscid; margin plicato-striate. St. 5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid light yellow, becoming white when dry, equal, flexuose, fragile. Gills yellow, then egg-yellow, deeply decurrent, subdistant. Spores white, broadly elliptical, with an apiculus at one end, 8-9 x 6jii, with a large central gutta. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Dec. Uncommon. 940. H. citrinus Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11. Citrinus, lemon yellow. P. 1-2 cm., citron yellow, convex, then plane, viscid; margin striate. St. 1-2 cm. x 2-3 mm., citron yellow, apex white, base attenuated, viscid. Gills whitish citron yellow, adnato-decurrent, somewhat crowded, 2-3 mm. broad. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, apiculate at the one end, 7-7-5 x 5/*, 1-guttulate. Roadsides, and hilly pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 941. H. ceraceus (Wulf.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 39. Ceraceus, waxy. P. 2-4 cm., waxy-yellow, shining, viscid, convexo-plane, obtuse; margin slightly striate, pellucid. St. 3-5 cm. x 4 mm., concolorous, often unequal, flexuose, at length compressed, base attenuated, white. Gills yellow, adnato-decurrent, broad, connected by veins, almost tri- angular. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 4/x. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 942. H. coccineus (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Hygrophorus miniatus (Scop.) Schroet.) Boud. Icon. t. 38. Coccineus, scarlet colour. P. 26 cm., bright scarlet, soon changing colour and becoming yellow- ish, convex, then plane, often unequal, obtuse, at first viscid. St. 5-7 cm. x 68 mm., concolorous, becoming yellowish, compressed, base always yellow. Gills purplish at the base, light yellow in the middle, glaucous at the edge, adnate, decurrent by a tooth, distant, broad, con- HYGROPHORUS 305 nected by veins, trama red. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, ellip- tical, 8-11 x 5-6 //,. Woods, and pastures. June Dec. Common. 943. H. miniatus Fr. (= Hygrophorus fiammans (Scop.) Schroet.) Cke. Illus. no. 910, t. 921, fig. A. Miniatus, coloured with red-lead. P. -5-2 cm., vermilion, then becoming pale, and opaque, convex, often umbonate, then umbilicate, glabrous, or squamulose. St. 3 5 cm. x 2-4 mm., vermilion, shining, equal, round. Gills yellow, or yellow-vermilion, adnate. Flesh reddish, then yellow. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Heaths, pastures, and peat bogs. June Oct. Common, (v.v.) 944. H. Reai Maire. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11. Carleton Eea. P. 1-5-2-5 cm., scarlet, fleshy, thin, convex-campanulate, then plane; margin orange yellow, or yellow, slightly striate when moist; no separable pellicle. St. 3-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., orange scarlet to yellow, base whitish, viscid, shining, somewhat tough. Gills flesh colour, then orange, edge whitish, then yellow, broadly adnate with a decurrent tooth, broad, thin, unequal. Flesh orange. Spores white, elliptical, apiculate, 7-8 x 3-5-4-5/u, 2-guttulate. Cystidia none. Taste bitter. In woods, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 945. H. turundus Fr. Turunda, a kind of sacrificial cake. P. 1-2-5 cm., yellow, or tawny, variegated with cinereous-fuscous squamules, slightly fleshy, sometimes viscid at first, convex, then expanded, umbilicate, or depressed; margin often elegantly crenate. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., tawny-reddish, rigid-fragile, attenuated at the base. Gills white, then cream colour, decurrent, narrow, 1-2 mm. wide, distant. Flesh yellowish, or reddish. Spores white, elliptical, 8-1 1x5- 6/x, 1-2-guttulate. Heaths, pastures, and peat-bogs. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. mollis B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 910, t. 921, fig. B. Mollis, soft. Golden. P. 12-18 mm., nearly plane, at length depressed, clad with soft, short, radiating hairs of the same colour. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., equal. Gills whitish, decurrent, narrow, distant. Flesh yellow. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4/i. Woods, and pastures. July Oct. More common than the type, (v.v.) var. sphaerosporus Rea. crfyalpa, a ball; <nropd, seed. P. 18 mm., reddish, covered with golden yellow fibrils, plane, then depressed. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-5 mm., reddish, base white, slightly in- crassated upwards. Gills white, decurrent, distant. Flesh bright R. B. B. 20 306 HYGROPHORUS yellow. Spores white, subglobose, 67 x 5-6/z, verrucose. Amongst short grass, and moss. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. lepidus Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xm, 1. 1, fig. 2, as Hygrophorus lepidus Boud. Lepidus, charming, P. 1-5-4 cm., brilliant golden orange, becoming paler, disc deeper colour, convex, umbilicate, minutely squamulose, or hirsuto-tomentose. St. 5-7 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, slightly incrassated upwards. Gills pallid, slightly tinged with the colour of the pileus at the base, deeply and abruptly decurrent, thick, distant. Flesh of stem orange, paler elsewhere. Spores white, oblong-elliptic, 9-10 x 5-6/x. Woods, and bogs. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 946. H. mucronellus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 905, t. 937, fig. B. Mucronellus, having a little sharp point. P. 2-8 mm., scarlet, or yellow, then pale, becoming hoary, acutely conical when small, when larger campanulate, obtuse, then expanded, pellucidly striate when moist, somewhat silky when dry. St. 2-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., concolorous, white at the base, flexuose, subattenuated downwards, somewhat silky. Gills yellow, decurrent, thick, triangular. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, globose, 3 x 2 3/x. Amongst moss and short grass in pastures, and heaths. Aug. Dec. Uncommon. (v.v.) 947. H. micaceus B. & Br. Micaceus, like mica. P. 812 mm., light yellow, becoming cinereous, hemispherical, like a small Leotia lubrica, glittering with micaceous granules, wrinkled. St. 1820 x 2-3 mm., light yellow, then brown towards the base, granulated. Gills pallid umber, decurrent. Flesh yellowish, somewhat brownish under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores white, subglobose, 4 x 3/x, 1-guttulate. On bare earth, and clayey soil. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 948. H. Wynniae B. & Br. (= Omphalia bibula Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 911, t. 905, fig. A. Mrs Lloyd Wynne, of Coed Coch. Entirely lemon-yellow, hygrophanous. P. 1-2-5 cm., thin, hemi- spherical, umbilicate, or somewhat infundibuliform, pellucidly striate. St. 3-4-5 cm. x 1-3 mm., attenuated upwards from the white, swollen, strigose base. Gills decurrent, narrow, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 6/*. Smell foetid when decayed. On fir needles, twigs, chips, and stumps. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) **Gills adnexed, somewhat separating. 949. H. puniceus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 912, t. 922. Puniceus, blood-red. P. 5-11 cm., blood-red scarlet, becoming pale with age especially at the fleshy disc, campanulate, obtuse, generally repand, or lobed, very HYGROPHORUS 307 irregular, viscid. St. 7-11 x 12-5 cm., concolorous, or light yellowish, base always white, attenuated at both ends, often incurved, striate, apex often squamulose. Gills white-light-yellow, or yellow, often reddish at the base, ascending, appearing free, ventricose, broad, thick, distant. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 5/x, with a large central gutta. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pas- tures. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 950. H. nigrescens Quel. (= Hygrophorus puniceus Fr. var. nigrescens (Quel.) Massee.) Nigrescens, becoming black. P. 510 cm., white, then citron or jonquil yellow, streaked with pink- ish, or orange fibrils, becoming grey and silky and finally black, campanu- late, scalloped, lobed. St. 5-7 x 1-2 cm., citron yellow, streaked with orange, base white, substriate, wrinkled, splitting, tough. Gills cream, or citron yellow, orange at the base, then grey, becoming black. Flesh orange, white in the stem, becoming black; juice becoming lilac colour on exposure to the air. Spores white, elliptical, 11-13 x 6-7 /n. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 951. H. obrusseus Fr. o/3pvov, pure gold. P. 5-12 cm., golden-sulphur-yellow with a tinge of green, campanu- late, then expanded and somewhat revolute, lobed and often split- ting at the margin, obtuse, fragile, shining. St. 5-11 x 1-3-5 cm., sulphur yellow, becoming tawny at the base, often compressed, unequal. Gills white, tinged with yellowish green towards the base, adnexed, at length separating, free, very broad, 10-12 mm., distant, thick. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/z, 1-2-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 952. H. intermedius Pass. Intermedius, intermediate. P. 3-5-5 cm., golden yellow, becoming greyish, or bright orange, very thin, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, or subumbonate, fibril- losely-silky; margin often wavy. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 6-9 mm., yellow, equal, fibrillosely-striate. Gills whitish, then yellow, adnate, ventricose, distant. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 6/u,. Smell of meal. Road- sides, grassy places, and damp ground. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 953. H. conicus (Scop.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 40, as var. nigrescens Boud. Conious, conical. P. 3-6 cm., scarlet, yellow, tawny, sulphur-greenish, livid, or fuli- ginous-light yellow, becoming black, submembranaceous, campanulate, conical, acute, often lobed, then expanded and cracked, viscid when moist, shining when dry. St. 6-9 cm. x 4-9 mm., concolorous, or yellow, becoming black, cylindrical, tense and straight, fibrillosely- striate. Gills white, or yellow, sometimes reddish at the base, becoming black when bruised, attenuato-free, ventricose, thin, somewhat 202 308 HYGROPHORTTS crowded. Flesh concolorous, becoming black. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 7-8 /A, with a large central gutta. Pastures, heaths, roadsides, and woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 954. H. calyptraeformis Berk. (= Hygrophorus amoenus (Lasch) Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 916, t. 894. KoXvTrrpa, a woman's veil; forma, shape. P. 3-10 cm., pink, becoming pallid, thin, campanulate, acutely conical, lobed below, then expanded and revolute, minutely innato- fibrillose, moist. St. 6-12 x 1 cm., white, often with a rosy tinge within the p., striate, brittle, often splitting longitudinally, easily separating from the pileus. Gills rose coloured, at length pallid, acutely attenu- ated behind, distant. Flesh of pileus pink, of stem white. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/z, 1-guttulate. Pastures, heaths, and woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. niveus Cooke. Cke. Illus. no. 917, t. 923. Niveus, snow-white. Differs from the type in being entirely snow-white. Pastures, and lawns. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 955. H. chlorophanus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 41. ^Xtpo9, pale green; <f>aiva), I appear. Entirely rich yellow, becoming pale, rarely scarlet, fragile. P. 3-5 cm., submembranaceous, convex, then plane and depressed, obtuse, orbicular, lobed, at length cracked, viscid, often striate. St. 3- 8 cm. x 4-8 mm., equal, often compressed, viscid, sometimes sulcate in the middle. Gills white, then sulphur yellow, emarginato-adnexed, very ventricose, thin, distant. Flesh yellow, deeper coloured under the cuticle. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/A. Taste mild. Edible. Pastures, heaths, and woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 956. H. psittacinus (Schaeff.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 42. i/rtTTa/eo<?, a parrot. P. 2-5 cm., green at first from the gluten, then yellowish, whitish, or brick colour, and finally purplish, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, striate. St. 4 7 cm. x 4 7 Tarn.., green at first from the gluten, which is persistent at the apex, then yellowish, equal, often bent, toughish. Gills yellow, greenish at the base, adnate, ventricose, thick, broad, subdistant. Flesh white, tinged with green and yellow. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/z. Taste mild. Edible. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 957. H. spadiceus (Scop.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 168, fig. 1. ffTrdSiJ;, date-brown. P. 1-6 cm., olivaceous date-brown, black and shining when dry, fragile, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, or acute, very glutinous, HYGROPHORUS. CLITOPILUS 309 distinctly virgate with black fibrils. St. 4-7 cm. x 6-10 mm., yellowish, striato-virgate with fuscous fibrils, equal. Gills citron yellow, sinuate, broad, ventricose, rather thick, distant. Flesh citron yellow. Spores white, elliptical, "10-12 x 6-7 /A" Sacc. Mossy meadows. July. Uncommon. 958. H. unguinosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 168, fig. 2. Unguinosus, oily. P. 3-6 cm., smeared with dense fuliginous gluten, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, very fragile, even, or at length rimosely incised. St. 5-9 cm. x 5-10 mm., concolorous, glutinous, attenuated at the base and apex, unequal, somewhat compressed. Gills shining white becoming glaucous, adnate, very ventricose, dis- tant, thick, broad, connected by veins. Flesh greyish. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9 x 7/x, with a large central gutta. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 959. H. obscuratus Karst. Obscuratus, darkened. P. 3-4 cm., sooty, or livid blackish, mouse colour when dry, fragile, convex, obtuse, dry, squamulose. St. 4-6 cm. X 4-8 mm., pallid, centre often tinged smoky, unequal, usually inflated below, wavy, glabrous. Gills whitish, or glaucous, sinuato-adnate. Spores white, elliptical, 7-10 x 3-5/A. Pastures. Sept. Rare. 960. H. nitratus (Pers.) Fr. Nitratus, nitrous. P. 16 cm., fuscous-cinereous, becoming pale, scarcely fleshy, very fragile, convex, obtuse, or depressed in the centre, at first slightly viscid, soon flocculose, then squamulose, or fibrillosely striate, rimosely incised, irregularly shaped, somewhat repand. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 2- 12 mm., whitish, grey, or yellowish, equal, often twisted, fragile, some- times compressed, base attenuated. Gills whitish, then becoming glaucous, broadly emarginate, broad, distant, thick, mucid-soft, con- nected by veins. Flesh grey, darker under the cuticle of the pileus. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4-5/x,, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, nitrous. Pastures, and heaths. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. glauco-nitens Fr. y\avtc6<;, pale green ; nitens, shining. Stiff. P. olivaceous black, or fuliginous, becoming pale, streaked with St. equal, shining. Gills becoming glaucous. Mixed woods. Aug. Rare. Spores pink. ClitopUus Fr. (/c\/T05, a slope; 77-1X09, cap.) Pileus fleshy, regular, or irregular. Stem central fleshy. Gills de- current. Spores pink, elliptical, fusiform, globose, oblong, angular, smooth, or verrucose, continuous. Growing on the ground. 310 CUTOPILUS I. P. irregular; margin at first flocculose. Gills deeply decurrent. 961. C. prunulus (Scop.) Fr. (= Clitopilus orcella (Bull.) Fr.) Cke. lUus. no. 343, t. 322. Prunulus, a little plum. P. 3-11 cm., while, or yellowish, or more rarely becoming cinereous, fleshy, compact, convex, then flattened, at length depressed and repand or unequal, viscid when moist, delicately pruinose, often spotted, or zoned; margin involute, thin, mealy. St. 2-6 x 1-1-5 cm., white, ventricose, or thickened upwards, pruinose, or villose, often striate, cottony at the base. Gills white, then flesh colour, deeply decurrent, attenuated at both ends. Flesh white. Spores pink, fusi- form, 11-13 x 5/A, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia none. Smell and taste of new meal. Edible. Woods, and pastures. June Nov. Common. 962. C. mundulus (Lasch) Fr. (= Clitopilus pseudo-orcella Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Ulus. no. 345, t. 375, fig. A. Mundus, neat. P. 3-5 cm., becoming pale white, then spotted cinereous, at length becoming black, fleshy, thin, convex, gibbous, soon flattened and de- pressed, unequal repand, often excentric, rivulose, or even, fioccoso- soft; margin involute. St. 2-3 cm. x 4 mm., white, subequal, floccoso- villose, base white- villose. Gills pallid, deeply decurrent, very crowded, narrow, thin, with many shorter ones intermixed. Flesh white, soft, becoming black in the stem. Spores elliptical, 8-11 x 4-5 p. Taste bitter. Woods, amongst leaves. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. nigrescens (Lasch) Fr. Nigrescens, becoming black. Differs from the type in the whole of the flesh becoming black. 963. C. popinalis Fr. (= Paxillus amarellus (Pers.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 96, fig. 1. Popinalis, belonging to a cook-shop. P. 2-5 cm., cinereous, here and there mottled with guttate spots, slightly fleshy, flaccid, convex, then depressed, somewhat repand; margin thin, inrolled, pruinose, grey. St. 2-5 cm. x 5-12 mm., paler than the p., subequal, often flexuose, attenuated, or somewhat bulbous at the white, cottony base. Gills ochraceous, then grey, deeply decur- rent, thin, narrow. Flesh grey, becoming white. Spores pink, globose, 4-6/z, warted. Cystidia none. Smell of new meal, or rancid. Downs, fields, and sandy sea-shores. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 964. C. undatus Fr. (= Eccilia undata (Fr.) Quel.; Clitopilus vilis Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 96, fig. 4. Undatus, waved. P. 2-4 cm., fuliginous cinereous, becoming pale, membranaceous, convex, then depressed, umbilicate, sometimes infundibuliform, un- equal, undulated, often somewhat zoned, pruinose, silky. St. 2- 3 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, entirely fibrous, unequal, compressed, CLITOPILUS 311 mealy; base cottony, white, and attenuated. Gills dark cinereous, deeply decurrent, 4 mm. broad, thin, entire, or undulate. Spores "distinctly rusty-brown, pure yellow under the microscope, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/z" Rick. Downs, and hilly pastures. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) var. viarum Fr. Via, a way. Differs from the type in the greyish hoary, smooth, shining, zoned p., and glabrous stem. 965. C. cancrinus Fr. (=Eccilia cancrina (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 95, fig. 4. Cancer, a crab. P. 2-3 cm., whitish tan, or wholly white, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, very irregularly shaped, at length broken into cracks, becoming flocculoso-even. St. 2-2-5 cm. x2-4 mm., white, round, or compressed, equal, or enlarged upwards, base white- villose, the mycelium often gathering the soil into a ball. Gills white, then flesh colour, truly decurrent, distant, 3 mm. broad, rather thick, arcuate when young then straight. Flesh white, hyaline near the gills. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 9 x 5-6/z, multi-guttu- late. Pastures, and roadsides. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 966. C. cretatus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 345, t. 375, fig. B. Cretatus, marked with chalk. P. 6-18 mm., dead white, but shining, membranaceous, convex, then umbilicate, margin involute. St. 46 x 12 mm., white, often curved at the base, sometimes thickened, tomentose, especially below. Gills rose colour, very decurrent, narrow. Flesh white. Spores pink, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4jU. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncom- mon, (v.v.) II. P. regular, silky, or hygrophanous-silky ; margin naked. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent. 967. C. carneo-albus (With.) Fr. (= Eccilia carneo-alba (With.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 349, t. 324, upper figs. Caro, flesh; albus, white. P. 1'5 3 cm., white, disc often becoming reddish, or yellowish, convex, then expanded and depressed, slightly silky. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, unequal, fibroso-striate, silky. Gills white, then flesh colour, adnato-decurrent, narrow. Flesh white, thin. Spores pink, angular, "10x6/z" Sacc. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 968. C. angustus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 96, fig. 3. A ngustus, narrow. P 1-2 cm., bluish-grey-cinereous, somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, subumbonate, hygrophanous, silky-shining when dry. St. 7-8 x 1- 312 CLITOPILUS 1-5 cm., white, curved, strigosely rooting at the hairy base. Gills some- what flesh colour, adnato-decurrent, crowded, narrow. Flesh brownish. Spores pink, 7-8 x 5/z. Woods. Sept. Rare. 969. C. Sarnicus Massee. Sarnicus, belonging to Guernsey. P. 23 cm., mouse colour, paler with a ruddy tinge when dry, cam- panulate, then quite plane, subumbonate, often more or less depressed round the umbo, slightly striate when moist, minutely silky flocculose. St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, slightly flexuose. Gills pinkish salmon colour, plane nearly up to the stem then suddenly decurrent, 3-4 mm. broad, rather crowded. Flesh very thin. Spores pink, nodulose, with an apiculus, 7-8 x 6/u. Amongst grass. Rare. 970. C. vilis Fr. (= Eccilia undata (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 351, t. 487. Vilis, of small value. P. 2-3 cm., grey, submembranaceous, convex, umbilicate, silky - fibrillose when dry. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, equal, tough, but fibroso-fissile, fibrilloso-striate, base white-villose. Gills whitish, plano-decurrent, or adnate with a decurrent tooth, nearly triangular, crowded, almost extending beyond the margin of the p. Flesh white. Spores pink, "quadrangular, almost quadrilateral, 8-9 /x ' Rick. Downs, and open spaces. July Sept. Not uncommon. (9.9.) 971. C. stilbocephalus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 349, t. 324, lower figs. <7TiX/3&>, I shine; ^)aX^, the head. P. 2-6 cm., yellowish white, or greyish, sparkling with atoms, whitish and rather silky when dry, campanulate, obtuse, sometimes umbonate, hygrophanous ; margin straight. St. 5-8 cm. x 3-8 mm., white, or greyish, somewhat equal, undulato-fibrous. Gills salmon colour, adnate, sometimes emarginate behind, 3-5 mm. broad, veined. Flesh whitish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 9-12 x 6-9 /u,, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant of new meal. Pastures. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. (9.9.) 972. C. Smithii Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 350, t. 599, as Clitopilus stilbo- cephalus Berk. var. Worthington G. Smith, the eminent mycologist. P. 2-4 cm., whitish, or with a dingy yellow tinge, soon becoming plane and orbicular, sometimes undulated, atomate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 3 4 mm., pallid, with a reddish tinge below, tapering very slightly up- wards, undulated, base white, downy. Gills salmon colour, broadly adnate with a slight decurrent tooth, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, rather thick except at the margin. Spores pink, globose, 4/A. Oct. Rare. CLITOPILUS. FLAMMULA 313 973, C. straminipes Massee. Cke. Ulus. no. 1159, t. 960. Stramen, straw; pes, foot. P. 3-5 cm., whitish, submembranaceous, fragile, at length expanded and depressed in the centre, shining. St. 5 cm. x 3 mm., straw colour below, sprinkled with white meal above, equal, often compressed. Gills whitish then rosy, shortly decurrent, scarcely crowded. Flesh white. Spores pink, angular, globose, 11 12/z % Amongst grass. Sept. Uncommon. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. Flammula Fr. (Gyninophilus (Karst.) Murr. sec. Maire.) (Flammula, a little flame.) Pileus fleshy, regular, viscid, or dry. Stem central, fleshy, or fibrous. Gills decurrent, or adnate with a decurrent tooth. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or fuscous, elliptical, oblong elliptical, globose, or navicu- lar; smooth, punctate, or verrucose; continuous, or with a germ-pore. Cystidia present, rarely none. Growing on the ground, or on wood; solitary, gregarious, fasciculate, or caespitose. I. Veil none; p. dry, most frequently squamulose. Spores ferruginous, in Flammula decipiens fuscous ferruginous. 974. P. gymnopodia (Bull.) Fr. (= Armillaria mellea (Vahl.) Fr. var. tabescens (Scop.) Rea sec. Quel.) yvpvos, naked; TTOVS, foot. Entirely dark ferruginous. P. 5-7-5 cm., fleshy, campanulato-con- vex, squamulose. St. 5-6 x 1 cm., becoming smooth, ascending equal. Gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, crowded. Caespitose. Pine sawdust, and on the ground. Sept. Oct. Rare. 975. F. Aldridgei Massee. (= Flammula veluticeps Cke. & Massee.) Miss Emily Aldridge. P. 2-5 cm., brick red with a tinge of orange, or tawny orange, fleshy, convex, then infundibuliform, with a subinvolute margin, minutely velvety. St. 7-10 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, equal, flexuose, smooth, base with a white floccose mycelium. Gills golden yellow, then ferru- ginous-orange, deeply decurrent, lanceolate, 3 mm. broad, rather crowded. Spores ferruginous orange, elliptical, slightly apiculate at the base, 16 x 5/i. Gregarious. Amongst moss on the ground in woods. Sept. Rare. 976. F. vinosa (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 466, t. 437. Vinosa, full of wine. P. 2-4 cm., ferruginous fawn, fleshy, expanded, at length depressed, dry, delicately fiocculose. St. 2-3 cm. x 6mm., pale, firm, somewhat thickened at the base, delicately fiocculose. Gills ferruginous, decurrent, 314 FLAMMULA simple, narrow, crowded. Spores "pale brown, 5 /z long, ovate" Sacc. On the ground. Rare. F. paradoxa Kalchbr. = Paxillus paradoxus (Kalchbr.) Quel. F, Tammii Fr. = Paxillus paradoxus (Kalchbr.) Quel. 977. F. clitopila Cke. & Sin. Cke. lUus. no. 468, t. 500. K\I,TO<;, a slope; TrtXo?, cap. P. 2-55 cm., purplish brown, or madder brown, fleshy, convex, then expanded, disc depressed and umbilicate, smooth, dry. St. 5-7-5 x 1- 1*5 cm., fuliginous, ventricose, erect, with a few scattered fibrils to- wards the base. Gills pallid, or yellowish, slightly adnexed, ventricose, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, brown in the st., fairly thick. Spores brown, elliptical, 10 x 4jLi. Amongst firs. Nov. Rare. 978. P. purpurata Cke. & Massee. Cke. lUus. no. 1167, t. 964. Purpurata, clad in purple. P 2-5-5 cm., purple, or purple brown, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtusely umbonate, clad with minute, floccose, concolorous scales, dry. St. 2-55 cm. x 46 mm., pallid above, purple below, equal, curved, ascending, apex smooth, granular dowmvards. Ring imperfect, fibril- lose. Gills lemon yellow, at length bright ferruginous, adnate, somewhat rounded behind, subdistant, narrow. Flesh purplish, yellow at the apex of the st., thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 5/u.. Taste very bitter. Tree-fern stems. May. Rare. 979. F. floccifera B. & Br. Cke Illus. no. 467, t. 438, upper figs. Floccus, a flock of wool ; fero, I bear. P. 4r-5 cm., tawny, fleshy, convex, then expanded, sprinkled with snow-white fibrils, becoming somewhat zoned in drying. St. 3-4 cm. x 6 mm., white, attenuated downwards, silky scaly, apex furfura- ceous. Gills ferruginous, edge white, adnate, rounded behind, scarcely ventricose, moderately broad, wrinkled transversely. Flesh white, tawny at the edge, and beneath the cuticle of the p., umber in the st., fleshy at the disc. Spores ferruginous. Caespitose. On lime stumps. Oct. Rare. 980. F. decipiens W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 467, t. 438, lower figs. Decipiens, deceiving. P. 2-5-3 cm., rich brown, becoming pale, and almost white at the disc, fleshy, convex, very obtuse, or umbonate, at length sometimes de- pressed round the umbo, dry, minutely squamulose. St. 3-6 cm. x 4- 6 mm., rich tawny, attenuated downwards, often twisted, striate. Gills orange brown, decurrent, 4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh golden yellow, bright brown at base of st., thick at the disc. Spores orange brown, elliptical, apiculate at the base, 6-7 x 4/i. Inclined to be fasciculate. Charcoal heaps, and burnt earth. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) FLAMMULA 315 981. F. nitens Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1168, t. 1154. Nitens, shining. P. 2-5 cm., dark purple brown, fleshy, hemispherical, convex, then expanded, obtuse, shining, dry, somewhat silky. St. 4-7-5 x 1 cm., flesh colour, or pale pinkish brown, equal, fibrillose, incurved. Gills pallid, then umber, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores pale brown, almond-shaped, 10 x 5-7 /x. Caespitose. On the ground. Aug. Sept. Rare. II. P. covered with a continuous, somewhat separable, smooth, viscid pellicle ; cortina manifest fibrillose. Spores ferruginous, not tawny ; fuscous ferruginous in Flammula carbonaria. Gregarious, growing on the ground, rarely on wood. F. lenta (Pers.) Fr. = Hebeloma glutinosum (Lindgr.) Fr. 982. F. lubrica (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 116, fig. 1. Lubrica, slimy. P. 5-10 cm., brick-red tawny, or bright cinnamon, sometimes pallid with the disc tawny, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, or slightly umbonate, sometimes depressed and repand, viscid, smooth, some- times spotted with glued down scales ; margin sometimes striate. St. 5-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., whitish, at length becoming fuscous, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, dry, laxly fibrillose, base pubescent. Gills pallid, then clay colour, adnate, subdecurrent, 6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc, tough. Spores pale rusty brown, "cylindrical-elliptical, nearly reniform, 5-6 x 3-3-5/u,, smooth. Cystidia lanceolate-fusiform, 50-65 x 12-18/*, contents at first yellowish" Rick. Smell scarcely strong. On and near trunks, and in pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 983. F. lupina Fr. Lupina, pertaining to a wolf. P. 7-10 cm., brown, tan fuscous, or tawny, fleshy, convex, obtuse, then piano-depressed, smooth, covered with a viscid, easily separable pellicle. St. 2-5 cm. x 12 mm., whitish at the apex, elsewhere ferru- ginous with dense adpressed fibrils, sometimes light yellowish, firm, thickened either upwards or downwards. Gills clay colour, or light yellowish, adnato-decurrent, broad, moderately crowded. Flesh white, becoming ferruginous in the St., soft. Spores "nearly elliptical- oval, 9-10 x 5-6//,, smooth, almost colourless under the microscope. Cystidia on edge of the gill ventricose-fusiform, with a long pointed clavate apex, 50-60 x 9-12 fj," Rick. Smell very strong or mild. Taste very bitter. Pastures. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 984. F. mixta Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 474, t. 476. Mixta, mixed. P. 2-5-5 cm., dingy tan, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, disc unequal, darker, rugulose, smooth; margin sloping, paler. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 6- 316 FLAMMULA 8 mm., whitish, equal, either short, ascending, curved, or elongated, flexuose, with lax, fuscous fibrils, clothed below with reflexed, rufous fuscous scales, base somewhat thickened. Cortina manifest, fibrillose. Gills white, then clay colour, subdecurrent, 6-8 mm. broad, somewhat crowded, unequal at the edge. Flesh watery, rather firm. Spores yellow brown, "almost almond-shaped, 12-15 x 6-7 /z, smooth. Cystidia flask-shaped-lanceolate, 50-60 x 13-15/u" Rick. Sub- caespitose. Pine and mixed woods. Aug. Nov. Rare. 985. F. juncina W. G. Sm. Cke. lUus. no. 472, t. 475. Juncina, pertaining to a rush. P. 3-4 cm., sulphury yellow, disc rich brown, fleshy, hemispherical, convex. St. 8-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., sulphur yellow, base tawny, attenu- ated downwards, clothed with a few fibres. Gills red brown, decur- rent, 46 mm. broad, very thin. Flesh sulphur whitish, brownish to- wards the base of the st., thin at the margin. Taste nauseous and disagreeable, somewhat bitter. Dead bulrushes in an old clay pit. Nov. Rare. 986. F. gummosa (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 116, fig. 2. Gummosa, sticky. P. 3-6 cm., pallid light yellow, or becoming green, at length ferru- ginous with the spores, paler at the circumference, fleshy, regular, cam- panulate, then soon flattened, obtuse, or depressed, covered with a separable, viscid pellicle, sprinkled with superficial floccose scales, then smooth. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., ferruginous, rubiginous at the base, paler upwards, equal, tense, straight, rigid, silky fibrillose. Gills pale yellowish white, then cinnamon, adnate, narrow, crowded. Flesh becoming yellow, thin. Spores yellow, elliptical, 5-7 x 3-4/z, smooth. Cystidia on the surface of the gill sparse, subulate-fusiform, 30- 40 x 7-8//,, on edge of the gill cylindrical, capitate, flexuose, apex 6-7 jit in diam., 40-45 x 4-5 /n. On and about old stumps, and in grassy places. Oct. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 987. F. decussata Fr. (=Flammula carbonaria Fr. var. decussata Fr. sec. Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 15, fig. 1. Decussata, divided crosswise. P. 3-4 cm., crust colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, viscid, virgate with innate, radiating, darker fibrils; disc gibbous, darker. St. 3- 5 cm. x 4 mm., pallid above, elsewhere becoming fulvous, equal, ad- pressedly fibrillose. Cortina manifest. Gills yellowish, then clay colour, adnate, narrow, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellowish under the separable pellicle. Spores "7-8 x 3/x" Sacc. Beech woods. Rare. 988. F. spumosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 116, fig. 3. Spumosa, full of foam. P. 3-5 cm., pallid light yellow, disc often darker, fleshy, convex, then plane, subumbonate, very viscid, pellicle separable, naked. St. 5- FLAMMULA 317 10 cm. x 4 mm., light yellow, or concolorous, sometimes olivaceous fuscous, attenuated downwards, more or less fibrillose, remarkably cortinate. Gills light yellow, then ferruginous, adnate, crowded. Flesh light yellow, becoming green, watery, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, bluntly elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 //,, 2-guttulate. Cystidia "flask-shaped, 50-60 x 10-15/z, long-necked" Eick. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. Woods, especially fir, sawdust, pastures, and rarely on trunks. Sept. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 989. F. carbonaria Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 475, t. 442 Carbonaria, pertaining to charcoal. P. 3-9 cm., tawny, fleshy, convex, then soon plane, and often de- pressed at the disc, smooth, viscid; margin incurved, often floccosely fimbriate. St. 2-5-11 cm. x 2-14 mm., pallid, often blacJcish at the base, rigid, equal, or slightly thickened upwards, fibrillosely-squamu- lose, the mycelium at the base often forming a pseudo-bulb with the soil. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious. Gills clay, then fuscous clay colour, adnate, rather broad, crowded. Flesh yellowish, firm, thin at the margin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, subelliptical, 6-7 x 4/z,, 1- guttulate. Cystidia flask shaped, apex obtuse, 4-6 /z in diam., 35-50 x 10-16/z. Densely gregarious. Charcoal heaps, and burnt earth. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) III. Cuticle of the p. continuous, not distinct, nor separable, smooth (here and there with a superficial covering), moist, or a little viscid in wet weather. Cortina manifest, appendiculate. Spores not tawny, nor ochraceous. Caespitose, growing on wood. 990. F. filia Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 117, fig. 1. Filia, a daughter. P. 5-7 cm., pale yellow, disc rufescent, fleshy, convex, soon plane, moist, smooth. St. 7-515 cm. x 12 mm., pallid, base reddish, equal, or attenuated at the base, smooth. Veil terminated by an incomplete ring, fugacious. Gills white, then pallid, adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, reddish in the St., thin. Spores "tawny orange, elliptic- fusiform, 10 x 5fi " Massee. Woods, and on logs. Oct. Rare. 991. F. fusus (Batsch) Fr. Fusus, a spindle. P. 5-9 cm., somewhat brick colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, slightly viscid. St. 4-6 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, firm, attenuated downwards in a fusiform manner, rooting, fibrillosely striate. Cortina manifest, appendiculate. Gills pallid, or light yellow, then ferruginous, sometimes becoming green grey, subdecurrent, not very crowded. Flesh pallid, becoming yellowish, compact, firm. Spores dingy ferruginous, subelliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /LI. Cystidia "flask-shaped or clavate with a 318 FLAMMULA prominent point, 30-36 x 10-15/i, filled with olive yellow juice" Rick. Taste mild. Gregarious. On the ground, and on stumps. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. superba Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 478, t. 434. Superba, splendid. Differs from the type in the bright deep orange p. with darker disc, the pale orange st., the bright yellow gills, and the reddish tinge of the flesh. On the ground. Nov. Rare. 992. P. astragalina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 117, fig. 2. aa-Tpaya\ivos, a goldfinch. P. 3-8 cm., blood saffron, or golden flesh colour, darker at the disc, pale at the circumference, fleshy, convex, or lens-shaped, then flattened, obtuse, somewhat moist in rainy weather, smooth, at first superficially- silky round the margin with the very thin, adpressed, whitish veil. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, or paler, equal, or attenuated down- wards, flexuose, floccosely fibrillose. Cortina white, manifest, appen- diculate. Gills pallid light yellow, concolorous with the p. at the base, adnate, broad, crowded, edge obtuse, flocculose when young. Flesh concolorous, becoming black when wounded, or bruised, firm. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6 x 3-4/n, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "clavate-lanceolate, 50-75 x 12-15/u,, filled with olive brown juice" Rick. Taste bitter. Subcaespitose. Pine and fir stumps, and dead branches. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 993. F. rubicundula Rea. Grevillea, xxn (1894), t. 185, fig. 2. Rubicundula, somewhat ruddy. P. 4-6 cm., yellow, then tinged with red, at length tawny orange, fleshy, convex, then plane, often splitting at the margin, viscid at first and innately fibrillose, soon becoming smooth ; margin at first veiled. St. 5-6 x 1-5-2-5 cm., whitish, then tinged with red and be- coming red at the base, equal, or attenuated downwards, fibrillose below the veil, apex white mealy. Veil white, then yellowish and at length reddening. Gills light ochre, then ferruginous, adnate with a sinus, or adnato-decurrent, often forming a ring-like zone at the apex of the st., often separating, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded; edge unequal, tinged red with age or when bruised. Flesh bright yellow, then lighter. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5/i, 1-2-guttulate. Taste acrid. The whole plant becoming reddish with age, or when touched. Woods, under scrub oak. July Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 994. F. alnicola Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 480, t. 443. Alnus, alder; colo, I inhabit. P. 3-8 cm., yellow, at length becoming ferruginous, and sometimes green, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, slimy when moist, at first superficially fibrillose towards the margin. St. 4-9 cm. x 6- FLAMMULA 319 12 mm., yellow, becoming ferruginous, attenuato-rooting, sometimes subbulbous at the base, commonly curved, flexuose, fibrillose. Cor- tina concolorous, either fibrillose, or woven into an arachnoid veil. Gills dingy pallid, then ferruginous, somewhat adnate, broad, plane. Flesh concolorous, thick at the disc, not very compact. Spores ferru- ginous, elliptical, 9 x 4-5/x,, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia flask-shaped, 40-50 x 7-15jt*. Taste bitter. Often fasciculate. On stumps, and trunks. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. salicicola Fr. Salix, willow; colo, I inhabit. Differs from the type in the glabrous, rarely at the first fioccosely squamulose, gibbous p., and the gills being at first yellowish pallid. On willow. Sept. Rare. 995. P. flavida (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 481, t. 444. Flavida, light yellowish. P. 2-5-12-5 cm., bright light yellow, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, moist, generally regular. St. 4-9 cm. x 6-10 mm., light yellow, becoming ferruginous towards the base, either attenuated, or thickened downwards, subflexuose, fibrillose. Cortina white, mani- fest, woven, adhering to the margin of the p., rarely almost forming a ring. Gills whitish, then light yellow, at length tawny ferruginous, adnate, not much crowded. Flesh white, becoming light yellow, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 5-8 x 4/u,, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia "clavate, 36-40 x 8-9 p., filled with golden yellow juice" Rick. Caespitose. On trunks, stumps, and buried wood. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 996. F. inaurata W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 482, t. 477. Inaurata, gilded. Entirely sulphur yellow. P. 2-3 cm., fleshy, convex, then expanded, moist, smooth, furnished with a distinct veil. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 4 mm., incurved, clothed with innate scales. Veil slight, fibrillose, fugitive. Gills pale yellowish clay colour, adnate with a decurrent tooth, broad. Flesh yellowish, ferruginous at base of the st. Taste mild. Single, or caespitose. Willows. Nov. Rare. 997. F. conissans Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 483, t. 445. KOVIS, dust. P. 1-7-5 cm., light yellowish tan, fleshy, hemispherico-expanded, obtuse, or umbilicate, moist, smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-10 mm., be- coming light yellow white, equal, or attenuated downwards, often compressed, irregular, twisted, silky, base white- villose. Cortina white, silky-fibrillose, appendiculate. Gills whitish, then fuscous clay colour, adnate with a decurrent tooth, linear, 3-4 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh white, or pale yellow, equal, 2 mm. thick. Spores dark ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 4 /A. Cystidia "on edge of gill 320 FLAMMULA filamentous-clavate, subcapitate, or undulating, 3645 x 5-7 /u." Rick. Smell acid. Densely caespitose. Woods, dead stumps, and on willows. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 998. F. inopus Fr. (= Flammula fusus (Batsch) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 118, fig. 1. 45, a fibre; TTOV<}, foot. P. 3-10 cm., honey tan, or reddish tan, paler round the margin, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, slippery (almost viscid) when moist, and smooth when dry. St. 7-25 cm. x 2-10 mm., pallid, brick colour downwards, equal, or slightly enlarged before continuing into the long, tapering, rooting base, tough, flexuose, adpressedly fibril- lose. Cortina fugacious. Gills pale yellowish white, sometimes green, then becoming purplish, adnate, emarginate, 46 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh concolorous, becoming whitish, ferruginous in the st., thin at the margin. Spores purple, broadly elliptical, 8 x 5/z, 1-guttulate. Soli- tary, or caespitose. Pine trunks, and stumps. May Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 999. P. apicrea Fr. (=Flammula alnicola Fr. var. salicicola Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Ulus. no. 485, t. 436. a-jrucpos, not bitter. P. 3-7-5 cm., dingy orange, or deep tawny, disc darker, fleshy, con- vex, then expanded and almost plane, gibbous, or obtusely umbonate, smooth, moist; margin often splitting. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-10 mm., pallid, ferruginous downwards, equal, or attenuated downwards, covered with ferruginous fibrils, somewhat striate. Gills ferruginous, shining, adnate, or sinuate, 45 mm. broad, thin, crowded, edge often uneven. Flesh yellow, tawny under the cuticle of the p., and ferruginous in the base of the st., thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 8 x 5/i, 2-3-guttulate. Taste mild. Subcaespitose. Stumps, base of trees, and deal boards. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1000. F. carnosa Massee. Carnosa, fleshy. P. 2-3-5 cm., dull tawny orange, very fleshy, soon expanded, broadly gibbous, edge remaining more or less incurved for some time, even, smooth. St. 5-7-5 cm., concolorous, subequal, fibrous. Gills rust coloured, powdered with the spores, slightly decurrent, thin, some- what crowded. Flesh yellowish, compact, 1 cm. or more thick at the disc, thin at the extreme edge. Spores brown, elliptical, 7 x 5/x. Tufted in small clusters. On wood. Sept. Rare. 1001. F. azyma Fr. a 17105, unleavened. P. 2-3 cm., ferruginous, tan colour when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth when in full vigour, becoming silky and rimosely squamulose when dry. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, or paler, firm, somewhat equal, often curved, or flexuose, slightly fibrillose, base white woolly. Cortina fugacious, sometimes forming a ring-like FLAMMULA 321 zone on the st. Gills yellowish, then ferruginous, broadly adnate, con- nected behind, 4 mm. broad, subdistant, edge whitish. Flesh yellowish, ferruginous under the cuticle of the p., and in the st., thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, navicular, 8-9 x 5/Lt, 1 multi-guttulate, "sub- verrucose. Cystidia on edge of gill ventricose-subulate, 36-45 x 8- 9/i" Rick. Taste mild. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. On Tilia cordata, Pyrus Malus, and rotten wood. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) IV. P. scarcely pelliculose, flesh scissile, or torn above into scales, not viscid, at first somewhat hoary. Veil fibrillosely adpressed to the st., not furnished with an appendiculate cortina, almost none, or forming an annular zone on the st. Gills light yellow, or yellow, then tawny. Spores ochraceous, or tawny. Subcaespi- tose, always on conifers, or on the ground amongst conifer branches. 1002. P. penetrans Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 118, fig. 2. Penetrans, penetrating. P. 5-8 cm., yellowish tawny, or golden, becoming pale and yellowish, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, often irregular, dry, smooth, hoary under a lens when young. St. 5 cm. x 6-10 mm., pallid, or yellowish becoming pale, firm, somewhat equal, base white villous and often rooting, sometimes fusiform when on the ground, silky, striate with tawny fibrils. Cortina white, flocculose, submembranaceous, very fugacious. Gills whitish, then pale yellow, spotted tawny when old, adnate, emarginate, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish ("pale sulphur yellow" Quel.), thick at the disc. Spores ochraceous, ellip- tical, "8-9 x 4 5/x" Sacc. Taste bitter. Gregarious. Coniferous stumps, and humus. Oct. Uncommon. 1003. F. hybrida Fr. Hybrida, a mongrel. P. 4-5 cm., tawny cinnamon, then tawny orange, fleshy, hemi- spherical, with the margin involute, then expanded, obtuse, regular, well formed, smooth, moist. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 5-10 mm., becoming tawny, equal, or attenuated upwards, somewhat striate, apex often somewhat mealy, base white villous. Cortina white, at length coloured with the ferruginous spores, manifest, forming a ring at the apex of the st. Gills light yellow, then tawny, adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, or yellow, moderately compact. Spores ferruginous, oblong- elliptical, 9 x 4 fj,, "roughish. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous, subcapitate, 45-50 x 4-6 /A" Rick. Taste bitter. Growing in troops. On fir stumps, and fallen branches. Aug. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1004. F. sapinea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 118, fig. 3. Sapinea, pertaining to a fir tree. P. 2-5-10 cm., golden tawny, opaque at the disc, paler and shining towards the margin, fleshy, hemispherical, then convexo-plane, very E. B. B. 21 322 FLAMMULA obtuse, dry, covered with thin, squamulose, adpressed fioccules, often rimosely scaly, with a few remnants of the yellowish cortina at the margin. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-12 mm., becoming yellow pallid, turning fuscous when bruised, irregularly shaped, often compressed, very fleshy, fibrous, sulcate, or lacunose, naked, often rooting at the base. Gills golden, at length tawny-cinnamon, adnate, plane, 8 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh becoming yellow, thick, firm, but at length soft, not scissile. Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /*, "roughish. Cystidia ventricose-fusiform, 36 x 9/u" Rick. Smell strong, taste often bitter. Subcaespitose. Coniferous stumps, branches, and saw- dust. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. terrestris Fr. Terrestris, pertaining to the earth. Differs from the type in the long, fusiform st. Growing on coniferous humus. 1005. F. liquiritiae (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 119, fig. 1. Liquiritia, liquorice. P. 2-5-7-5 cm., bay brown, or orange tawny, becoming pale, fleshy, convex, then flattened, subumbonate, very smooth, moist; margin at length flaccid, slightly striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 4-6 mm.* tawny, then ferruginous, attenuated upwards, often unequal, curved, striate, some- what naked, or obsoletely pruinose at the apex, base thickened and villose. Cortina none. Gills golden, then tawny, obtusely adnate, sometimes rounded, separating, 6 mm. broad, plane, crowded. Flesh yellow, yellow tawny in the st., thin, scissile. Spores ochraceous, "sub- elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/Lt. Cystidia on edge of gill subcylindrical, slightly ventricose-capitate, 30-40 x 6-9 /u," Rick. Taste slightly bitter, then sweet like liquorice. Subcaespitose. Fir stumps, rarely pine. Oct. Uncommon. 1006. F. picrea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 119, fig. 2. Triicpos, bitter. P. 2-3 cm., rufous, or bay brown cinnamon, becoming pale and tawny, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, regular, smooth, rarely rimuloso-papillate, moist in rainy weather. St. 57-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., umber, slightly attenuated upwards, tense and straight, white-pul- verulent when young. Cortina none. Gills yellow, then ferruginous, adnate, or decurrent and separating, ascending, narrow, 1-2 mm. broad. Flesh concolorous, very thin, not easily scissile. Spores ferru- ginous, "elliptical, 8-10 x 5-6/x" Schroet. Taste acid. Caespitose. Pine stumps, and old deal boards. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) V. Furnished with a cortina. Cuticle of the p. slightly silky, dry, or at the first viscid. 1007. F. tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. (= Paxillus tricholoma (A. & S.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 444, t. 404, fig. B, as Inocybe tricholoma A. & S. Qpi%, hair; Xo/xa, fringe. FLAMMULA 323 P. 1-4 cm., whitish, fleshy, orbicular, rather plane, depressed in the centre, fibrillose with white, adpressed, fugacious hairs, viscid when moist, shining when dry; margin fringed with strigose hairs. St. 2-5- 7-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., whitish, slightly attenuated upwards, fibrillosely scaly at the apex, often becoming reddish in places. Gills whitish, be- coming pallid fuscous, then clay fuscous, decurrent, 1-2 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 3-5/A, minutely verrucose. Cystidia none. Woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1008. F. strigiceps Fr. (= Paxillus tricholoma (A. & S.) Quel.) Strix, a furrow; caput, head. P. 1-2 cm., obsoletely rufescent, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse, then plane, dry, silky with long, strigose hairs; margin at first involute, fringed with long, defiexed ciliate hairs. St. 3-5 cm. x 4 mm., white, equal, firm, densely villose, especially when young. Gills whitish, becoming fuscous, adnato-decurrent, arcuate, crowded. Beech woods. Eare. 1009. F. helomorpha Fr. (= Paxillus helomorphus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 120, fig. 4. ^Xo<?, a nail; fj,op<j>ij, form. P. 13 cm., white, fleshy, convexo-plane, gibbous, or with a broad, obtuse, prominent umbo, often angular, viscid, becoming adpressedly fibrilloso-even when dry; margin thin, unequal, inflexed, naked. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, equal, or not perceptibly attenuated from the base, sometimes enlarged upwards, ascending from the incurved base, adpressedly silky, or pruinose upwards under a lens, smooth. Gills whitish, scarcely clay colour, plano-decurrent, 1-2 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 4-5/Lt, minutely verrucose. Fir woods. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1010. F. scamba Fr. (= Paxillus scambus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 1. 120, fig. 3. o-tfa/a/309, crooked. P. 1-4 cm., whitish, then clay white, fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed, sometimes umbonate, slightly silky, viscid in wet weather when young, soon becoming dry and opaque. St. 1-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, equal, curved ascending, fiocculose, or sprinkled with white mealy squamules, base pubescent, sometimes attenuated and becoming ferruginous downwards. Gills light yellow clay colour, adnate, or sub- decurrent, somewhat repand, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9 x 5/A. Pine woods, and on larch branches. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1011. F. ochrochlora Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 120, fig. 2. e3^po<?, pale; x\<op6<;, green. P. 2-5-5 cm., straw colour, becoming greenish, fleshy, convex, then I 21-2 324 FLAMMULA. GOMPHIDIUS plane, obtusely umbonate, dry, silky, squamulose. St. 5-6 cm. x 4- 10 mm., yellowish, becoming ferruginous towards the base, attenuated upwards, often curved, or flexuose, squamulose and white fioccose. Cortina white, manifest, Hypholoma-like. Gills whitish, then becoming greenish, and at length olivaceous, adnate, or somewhat sinuate, 2- 4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming greenish, and ferru- ginous at the base of the st. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/u,, 1-2-guttulate. Caespitose. On old trunks, and buried wood. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1012. F. filicea Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 491, t. 450. Filix, a fern. P. 2-4 cm., deep yellow, disc tawny orange, fleshy, convex, then plane, or slightly depressed, minutely squamuloso-fibrillose. St. 3- 5 cm. x 3 mm., sulphur yellow, base often tawny, equal, almost smooth. Veil reddish, adhering to the st. and the margin of the p. in fugacious fragments. Gills sulphur yellow, then tawny cinnamon, adnate, 3 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh sulphur yellow, thin. Old tree fern stems. Spring and summer. Rare. F . chrysophylla (Fr.) Quel. = Omphalia chrysophylla Fr. Spores greenish fuscous, or blackish; gills mucilaginous. Gomphidius Fr. (<y6fj,<f)os, a large wedge-shaped nail.) Pileus fleshy, regular, viscid. Stem central, fleshy. Gills decurrent, mucilaginous. Spores fuscous, olivaceous, or blackish, fusiform, or oblong, smooth, continuous. Cystidia cylindrical, projecting. Grow- ing on the ground. 1013. G. glutinosus (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 74, no. 165. Glutinosus, glutinous. P. 5-12-5 cm., purple fuscous, or fuscous, often mottled with black spots, fleshy, convex, obtuse, at length plane, smooth, very glutinous. St. 5-10 x 1-2 cm., whitish, yellow at the base, equal, thickened, or attenuated at the base, glutinous, fibrillose, sometimes with black scales. Cortina annular, fugacious. Gills whitish, then cinereous, deeply decurrent, forked, distant, mucilaginous, 6-8 mm. broad. Flesh white, yellow towards the base of the stem, thick. Spores deep olivaceous, spindle-shaped, 18-24 x 5-6/z, 4-5-guttulate. Cystidia "cylindrical, 130-160 x 12-16/Li" Rick. Taste bitter. Coniferous woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1014. G. roseus (Fr.) Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 857, t. 880. Roseus, rose-coloured. P. 2-5 cm., rose, or rose-red colour, convexo-plane, obconical, obtuse, at length sometimes depressed, slightly glutinous. St. 3-5 x 1- GOMPHIDIUS 325 1-5 cm., white, often tinged with rose at the base, attenuated downwards. Cortina thin, slightly glutinous. Gills whitish cinereous, then olivaceous, decurrent, 4-5 mm. broad, distant, forked. Flesh white, rosy under the cuticle and at the base of the st. Spores pale greyish olivaceous, fusiform, 15-17 x 4-5 /i, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia "cylindrical, 90- 160 x 12-15 fj." Kick. Taste pleasant. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1015. G. viscidus (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Elus. no. 858, t. 881. Viscidus, viscid. P. 5-15 cm., fuscous rufous, fleshy, campanulate, or obconical, then expanded, umbonate, slightly viscid, paler and shining when dry. St. 7-12 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, paler, yellowish at the base, equal, or attenuated downwards, fibrillosely scaly, slightly viscid. Cortina floccose, forming a fugacious ring. Gills olivaceous, then fuscous purple, deeply decurrent, distant, often branched, edge often paler. Flesh reddish, deep yellow in the lower two-thirds of the st. Spores brownish olivaceous, subfusiform, 18-22 x 6-7 /x, 3-guttulate. Cys- tidia obtusely cylindrical, apex often subcapitate, 135150 x 15 17/u,. Taste mild, often slightly astringent. Edible, indigestible to some people. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. July Dec. Common. (v.v.) var. testaceus Fr. Testaceus, brick-red. Differs from the type in the brick-red colour of the flatter p., and base of st. both externally and internally. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1016. G. maculatus (Scop.) Fr. (= Gomphidius gracilis B. & Br. sec. Quel.) Maculatus, spotted. P. 36 cm., reddish brown, disc paler, often spotted with black, and becoming black at the edge, campanulate, or obconic, then plane, glutinous. St. 6-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, yellow at the base, becoming blackish when touched, ventricose downwards, expanding into the p. at the apex, floccose, slightly viscid. Gills white cinereous, then olivaceous, deeply decurrent, often forked, somewhat crowded. Flesh whitish, stained bistre in the p. and yellow towards the base of the st., thick at the disc, thin at the margin. Spores olivaceous, fusiform, somewhat blunt at the end, 17-20 x 6/z, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia obtusely cylindrical, or fusiform, 120 -140 x 18-20/A. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. Cookei Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 859, t. 882, as Gomphidius macu- latus Scop. var. M. C. Cooke, the eminent mycologist, P. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, with black stains especially near the margin, convex, then subdepressed, or gibbous, viscid. St. 6-8 x 1 cm., pale above, becoming blackish towards the base, attenuated upwards. Gills 326 GOMPHIDIUS. COLLYBIA whitish, then brownish, decurrent, distant. Flesh pallid, blackish at the base of the St., thick at the disc, very thin at the margin. Spores brownish, fusiform, 20 x 5-6jU, 1-guttulate. Woods. Sept. Rare. 1017. G. gracilis B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 860, t. 883. Gracilis, slender. P. 2*5 5 cm., pale vinous brown, or dingy tan colour, conico-hemi- spherical, clothed with dingy gluten, at length spotted with black, especially near the margin, the spots often forming an irregular black border. St. 4-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., pale above, yellow at the base, and often becoming blackish, slightly attenuated downwards, flexuose, apex white squamulose, virgate below with the remains of the gluten. Gills whitish cinereous, decurrent, arched, forked, thick, obtuse, clothed (under a lens] with short, washy bistre hairs. Flesh white, yellow, or reddish at the base of the st., thin at the margin. Spores dingy olive, or brown, fusiform, 18-19 x 5 7/z, 2-3-guttulate. Fir woods, and heaths. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) C. Pileus confluent with, but heterogeneous from, the cartilaginous stem. *Gills adnate, or sinuato-adnate. |Margin of pileus at first incurved, or exceeding the gills. Spores white. Collybia Fr. (Ko\\v/3o<;, a small coin.) Pileus fleshy, membranaceous, regular; margin incurved. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, adnexed, or free. Spores white, rarely yellowish, greenish, or brownish red; elliptical, globose, oblong, pip-shaped; smooth, verrucose, punctate, or echinulate; continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, or on wood; solitary, or caespitose. a. St. stout, sulcate, or fibrillosely striate. A. Gills white, or brightly coloured, not cinereous. Flesh often white. *Gills broad, subdistant. 1018. C. radicata (Relh.) Berk. Holland, Champ, t. 45, no. 98. Radicata, rooted. P. 3-10 cm., fuscous-olivaceous, bistre, or whitish, fleshy, thin, con- vex, then flattened, gibbous, often irregular, glutinous, radiato-rugose. St. 10-20 x -5 cm., white, or paler than the p., attenuated upwards, and downwards from the level of the soil, and forming a long tail-like fusiform root, smooth, at length striato-sulcate, cuticle cartilaginous, COLLYBIA 327 often twisted. Grills shining white, sometimes bistre at the edge, attenu- ated behind, and adfixed, often with a decurrent tooth, at length somewhat separating, ventricose, distant, rather thick. Flesh white, thin, soft, elastic. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 14-15 x 8-9/x,, 1-guttulate; "cystidia inflated, cylindric-sack-shaped, 20/x, broad" Lange. Woods, and pastures. June Nov. Common. 1019. C. retigera Bres. (= Collybia pkxipes (Fr.) Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 4. Rete, a net; gero, I bear. P. 3-6 cm., fuscous cinereous, becoming pale, disc somewhat tawny, fleshy, thin, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, reticulated with swollen, pale, anastomosing veins, especially when old, dry, smooth; margin striate. St. 4-6 cm. x 5-7 mm., livid-pallid, equal, somewhat rooting, often compressed, white-fibrillose. Gills cinereous, edge paler, fimbriate, rounded behind, almost free, broad, ventricose, somewhat crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin, soft, somewhat watery. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5-6ja. Beech stumps. Dec. Uncommon. 1020. C. Henriettae W. G. Sm. Henrietta Smith. P. 10 cm., somewhat yellowish umber, convex, then expanded, dry, even, somewhat downy. St. 18-19 cm. x 6-7 mm., pale pallid yellowish brown, darker below, attenuated upwards, even, slightly rooting, sub- pruinose. Gills broadly adnate, slightly rounded behind, broad, distant. Flesh very thin, pale pallid yellowish brown in the st. Spores white, 18 x 12/x. On and about trees, stumps, etc. Sept. Un- common. 1021. C. longipes (Bull.) Berk. (= Marasmius longipes (BuU.) Quel.) Longus, long; pes, foot. P. 5-10 cm., pale brown, fleshy, thin, conico-expanded, then plane, umbonate, dry, somewhat velvety-villous. St. 8-12 cm. x 6-8 mm., dark brown, attenuated upwards, with a long fusiform root, velvety, at length sulcate. Gills milk white, free, rounded behind, very distant, ventricose. Flesh white, yellowish in the stem, firm. Spores white, globose, 12-15//,. Cystidia "very sparse, cylindrical-subulate, 50- 60 x 8-lOju," Rick. Taste nutty. Edible. Heaths, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. badia Lucand. Badia, bay brown. Differs from the type in being thinner and smaller, and in the deep chestnut brown p. and st. covered with long, bay brown, shining hairs. Spores globose, 10-11/i. Hedgerows. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 1022. C. eriocephala Rea. epiov, wool; Ke<f)a\rj, head. P. 3-6 cm., fulvous tawny, convex, then expanded, velvety; margin involute. St. 4-7 x -5-1-5 cm., concolorous, paler above, fusiform, extending into the long, branched, rhizomorphoid, brown mycelium, 328 COLLYBIA striate, only slightly velvety at the thickest part. Gills deep ochre, sinuato-adnate, 5-8 mm. broad, distant. Flesh pale, then yellowish, somewhat rufous at the base of the st., thick at the disc, firm. Spores white, oblong, 7-8 x 3-4/n, 1-2-guttulate. Caespitose. Interior of a rotten elm stump, and in timber yards. Sept. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1023. C. platyphylla (Pers.) Fr. (= Collybia grammocephala (Bull.) Quel.; Collybia platyphylla var. repens Fr.) Holland, Champ, t. 47, no. 101, as Collybia grammocephala. 7rA.aTU9, broad; $v\\ov, leaf. P. 5-20 cm., fuscous, or cinereous, becoming whitish, fleshy mem- branaceous, thin, fragile, convex, soon flattened, obtuse, watery when moist, streaked with bistre fibrils. St. 7-12 x 1-2 cm., whitish, equal, fibrillosely striate, apex sometimes pruinose, arising from a network of white, creeping, string-like mycelium. Gills white, obliquely truncate behind, slightly adnexed, very broad, 10-15 mm., distant, soft. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 8-10 x 6- 8fji, 1-guttulate; "cystidia sack-shaped-club-shaped, 14/A broad" Lange. Woods. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1024. C. fumosa (Pers.) Quel. (= Collybia semitalis Fr. sec. Quel. : Tricholoma immundum Berk. sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 156. Fumosa, smoky. P. 3-9 cm., pitch black, lurid grey, or smoky greyish, becoming paler and spotted fuscous, fleshy, convexo-campanulate, then expanded and depressed, silky, then smooth; margin undulate, finally splitting. St. 4-8 x -5-1-5 cm., concolorous, or paler, subequal, subcartilaginous, somewhat fibrillosely striate, base sometimes bulbous. Gills greyish- cinereous, rounded behind, or truncate and free, veined at the sides, spotted with black when touched. Flesh cinereous, becoming whitish, thick at the disc. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /z, 1-guttulate. Smell rancid, taste bitterish. Caespitose. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1025. C. crassifolia (Berk.) Bres. (= Tricholoma crassifolium Berk.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 157. Crassus, thick; folium, leaf. P. 4-7 cm., lurid ochraceous, disc fuscous, becoming concolorous, fleshy, convex, or campanulate and umbonate, then expanded and depressed silky, becoming smooth; margin undulate, or lobed. St. 2-5-5 x -5-1-5 cm., white, becoming fuscous, often attenuated at the base, pruinose, becoming smooth, round, or compressed, subcarti- laginous. Gills whitish-grey, becoming bluish and finally blackish when touched, rounded behind, adnexed, sometimes forked, distant, broad, thick, fleshy. Flesh white, spotted black when broken, thick at the disc. Spores white, globose, 5-7 /x, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, rancid, taste mild. Coniferous woods. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) COLLYBIA 329 1026. C. semitalis Fr. (= CollyUa fumosa (Pers.) Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 158. Semitalis, pertaining to footpaths. P. 37 cm., whitish fuliginous, or fuscous, becoming pale cinereous yellow, or isabelline when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, convex, or con- vexo-campanulate, then expanded and umbonate, or depressed, smooth, moist, sometimes innately fibrillose; margin striate. St. 3-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, becoming fuscous, subequal, fibrillose, base white-strigose. Gills white, becoming yellowish, and finally spotted black when touched, adnate, or sinuato-adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, becoming black when broken, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4/z, pointed at one end, 1-guttulate. Smell rancid, taste bitterish. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1027. C. fusipes (Bull.) Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 185, t. 141. Fusus, a spindle ; pes, foot. P. 4-10 cm., rufescent reddish brown, or liver colour, becoming pale, or dingy tan, fleshy, convex, then flattened, umbonate, the umbo evanescent, smooth, dry, often splitting. St. 7-15 x 1 cm., concolorous, very cartilaginous, swollen, ventricose in the middle, attenuated at both ends, often twisted, longitudinally striato-sulcate, fusiformly attenuated at the base and blackish, often arising from the remains of under- ground stems of a previous year's growth, the so-called sclerotium of Leveille. Gills whitish, becoming concolorous and often spotted, annulato-adnexed, soon separating, free, broad, distant, firm, con- nected by veins, crisped. Flesh concolorous, becoming whitish, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/M. Cystidia filiform, flexuose, clavate, 10-44 x 1-2/z. Taste mild. Edible. Caespitose, at the base of oaks and on old stumps. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. oedematopus (Schaeff.) Fr. Bulliard, t. 76, as Agaricusfusiformis. oiBrjfj,a, a swelling; TTOVS, foot. Differs from the type in the rufous date brown, conical, then plane, pulverulent p., the pulverulent, very ventricose stem, and the pallid gills. Stumps. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. contorta (Bull.) Gill. & Lucand. Bulliard, t. 36. Contorta, twisted together. Differs from the type in the equal, contorted stems, connate at the base, the white, crowded gills, and the deeper coloured, thinner p. Stumps. 1028. C. lancipes Fr. Lancea, a spear; pes, foot. P. 4-7 cm., pale reddish brown, or flesh colour, becoming paler, often white at the striate margin, fleshy, convex, then plane, often umbonate, radiately rugose, smooth. St. 4-10 cm. x 5-12 mm., concolorous, or paler, equal, attenuated at the base, striate, tivisted. Gills pale flesh 330 COLLYBIA colour, or yellowish, emarginate, adnexed, becoming free, broad, thick, distant, often connected by veins. Flesh whitish, reddish under tJie cuticle. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6 x 4ju,, 1-2-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. On the ground, and near stumps. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) **Gills narrow, crowded. 1029. C. maculate (A. & S.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 186, t. 142. Maculata, spotted. P. 7-12 cm., white, then spotted rufescent, rarely becoming wholly rufescent, fleshy, very compact, convexo-plane, obtuse, repand, smooth; margin thin, involute at first. St. 7-12 x 1-2 cm., white, spotted rufescent, somewhat ventricose, attenuated downwards to the praemorse base, hard, externally cartilaginous, striate. Gills cream colour, often spotted rufescent, emarginato-free, linear, 2-4 mm. broad,. very crowded, denticulate. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores white, sub- globose, 5-6/z, punctate. Cystidia none. Smell pleasant, or none. Taste unpleasant, bitter. Beech, and pine woods. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. immaculate Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 187, t. 221. Immaculata, unspotted. Differs from the type in not being spotted, and in the broader gills. Pine woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. scorzonerea (Batsch) Fr. Scorzon, a serpent. Differs from the type in its smaller size, and in becoming yellowish, in the long, rooting often flexuose St., and the yellowish gills. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1030. C. fodiens Kalchbr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 36, fig. 2. Fodiens, digging, P. 5-8, flesh colour, becoming yellowish, disc darker yellow, fleshy, firm, convex, obtuse, smooth; margin involute. St. 10-12 cm. x 10- 12 mm., white, firm, subventricose, often longitudinally ribbed, smooth, attenuated downwards in a long root deeply sunk in the ground. Gills yellowish white, emarginate, rounded behind, narrow, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 /z, 1-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Grassy places. Oct. Uncom- mon, (v.v.) 1031. C. prolixa (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Prolixa, stretched out. P. 5-12 cm., brick-red ferruginous, becoming paler, fleshy, fragile, convex, then plane, gibbous, lax, smooth, margin often irregular. St. 10 x 1-3 cm., brick-red, firm, subequal, sulcate, often scrobiculate, minutely pubescent, fibrillose, base praemorse. Gills white, free, COLLYBIA 331 crowded. Flesh, white, rather thick. Spores white, "subglobose, 3-4 /JL, smooth" Rick. In dense clusters on leaf heaps. Aug. Sept. Un- common, (v.v.) 1032. C. distorta Fr. Distorta, twisted. P. 5-9 cm., bay brown, becoming pale, fleshy, thin, convex, then expanded, umbonate, very lax, smooth. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., pallid, fragile, externally cartilaginous, attenuated upwards from the tomen- tose base, contorted, sulcate. Gills white, then spotted rubiginous, slightly adnexed, crowded, somewhat linear, toothed. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle of the p. and in the centre of the stem, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 5-6 x 4-5/*, 3-4-guttulate. Gre- garious, or growing in rings. Pine woods. July Nov. Not un- common, (v.v.) 1033. C. butyracea (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 189, t. 143. Butyracea, buttery. P. 5-8 cm., rufous brown, fuscous livid, bistre, or bay, becoming pale and almost white when dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, more or less umbonate, smooth, greasy. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., rufous, or bistre, conico-attenuated upwards from the swollen, white-tomentose base, cuticle rigid, cartilaginous, striate, smooth, rarely villous. Gills white, slightly adnexed, somewhat free, broad, thin, crowded, crenulate. Flesh pinkish, or pale brown, becoming whitish, soft, watery, with a horn-like line at the base of the gills. Spores white, elliptical, 9x4- 5/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Woods, heaths, and hilly pastures. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. bibulosa Massee. Bibulosa, sodden. Differs from the type in the dingy olive p. var. aurorea (Larb.) Fr. Aurorea, like the dawn. Differs from the type in the thinner p., and striate margin. C. phaeopodia (Bull.) Fr. = Tricholoma phaeopodium (Bull.) Quel. 1034. C. stridula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 62, lower figs. Stridula, creaking. P. 3-6 cm., blackish, or fuliginous, becoming pale, fleshy, soft, con- vex, then plane, slightly umbonate, smooth, moist, or slightly viscid, hygrophanous. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, cylindrical, rigid, but fragile, subcartilaginous, fibrillosely striate, base thickened, prae- morse. Gills white, arcuato-adnexed, crowded, broad. Flesh brown, then whitish, soft. Spores white, "8-10 x 4/z" Sacc. On the ground. Oct. Rare. 1035. C. pulla (Schaeff.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 1. Pulla, dusky. P. 3-6 cm., purplish bay, nearly black, becoming paler when dry, 332 COLLYBIA fleshy, thin, fragile, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, hygrophanous. St. 6-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., whitish, equal, twisted, some- what striate, apex mealy, attenuated at the praemorse base. Gills whitish, adnexed, rather broad, transversely pellucid- striate and veined, crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /A. Smell none, or strong of garlic. Caespitose, or solitary. Birch stumps. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1036. C. xylophila (Weinm.) Fr. (= Mycena rugosa Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 63, lower figs. v\ov, wood; <tXo<?, loving. P. 6-10 cm., whitish, or becoming fuscous tan at the disc, slightly fleshy, campanulate, lax, obtuse, or with a minute umbo, then ex- panded, broadly gibbous, smooth, moist ; margin often rimosely split. St. 4-8 cm. x 5-8 mm., whitish, equal, often flexuose, fibrillosely striate. Gills white, adnate, often decurrent with a small tooth, very narrow, 2 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh becoming watery fuscous, thin, fragile. Spores white, "elliptical, 4 x 2-5/x" Massee. Caespitose. Old stumps. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) ft. St. thin, velvety, floccose, or pruinose. *Gills broad, subdistant. 1037. C. velutipes (Curt.) Fr. (= Pleurotus velutipes (Curt.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 191, t. 184, fig. A. Vellus, a fleece; pes, foot. P. 2-10 cm.., fulvous, or tawny, sometimes paler at the margin, fleshy, convex, soon becoming plane, often excentric, irregular and repand, smooth, viscid; margin spreading, at length slightly striate. St. 5- 10 cm. x 4-8 mm., lemon yellow, then umber and blackish, equal, often ascending, or twisted, tough, cartilaginous, densely velvety. Gills pallid yellow, becoming tawny, broader and rounded behind, slightly adnexed, subdistant, very unequal. Flesh yellowish, thin at the margin, watery, soft. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/x,, 1-2-guttulate. "Cystidia conic, rather acute, almost subulate, 8-12;u, broad, pro- truding part 18-30 /u- long" Lange. Taste and smell very pleasant. Edible. Caespitose. On old stumps, fallen trunks, and pales. Aug. April. Common, (v.v.) var. lactea Quel. Lactea, milk-white. Differs from the type in being creamy white. Stumps. Oct. (v.v.) var. rubescens Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1141, t. 650. Rubescens, becoming reddish. Differs from the type in the bright ferruginous brown p., the darker blackish cinnamon St., and the gills becoming spotted with brown. Amongst fir leaves. COLLYBIA 333 1038. C. laxipes (Batt.) Fr. (= Marasmius laxipes (Batt.) Quel.) Quel. Jur. et Vosg. n, t. 2, fig. 2. Laxus, loose; pes, foot. P. 1-3 cm., whitish, often yellowish at the disc, slightly fleshy, con- vexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, moist, sometimes striate. St. 6-12 cm. x 2-4 mm., rufous, lax, stiff, velvety, apex white pruinose, channelled, and twisted when dry. Gills milk white, separating free, broad, ventri- cose, distant. Flesh white, rufous in the st., thin. Spores white, ellip- tical, 5-6 x 3/i, 1-guttulate. Amongst pine chips, twigs, and on wood. Feb. Sept. Not common, (v.v.) 1039. C. mimica W. G. Sm. Cke. IUus.no. 192, 1. 129. Mimica, mimic. P. 2-4 cm., pale yellow-buff, disc brownish buff, slightly fleshy, plane, smooth, with a thin separable cuticle. St. 5 cm. x 3-4 mm., deep brown, apex yellow buff and smooth, or slightly pruinose, base fibrillose, fibrillosely striate in the middle. Gills dingy ochraceous, very broad, subdistant. Flesh rufous, very thin. Spores white, ellip- tical, 8 x 4-5/u,. Smell and taste strong, like fish. Amongst deal shavings. Nov. Uncommon. 1040. C. floccipes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1142, t. 1168. Floccus, a flock of wool; pes, foot. P. 1-2 cm., fuliginous black, becoming livid, rather fleshy, campanu- late, then convex, umbonate, smooth. St. 3-5 cm. x 23 mm., pallid, equal, straight, rooting, rough with black, punctiform, fioccose scales. Gills white, adnexed, ventricose, thick, subdistant. Flesh white, greyish under the cuticle of the p., thin. Spores " white, subglobose, promi- nently apiculate, 56 x 4 5fj,. Cystidia abundant, narrowly lan- ceolate, 60-90 x 7-11/i, apex subobtuse " Kauffm. On the ground, and about trunks, in beech woods. Sept. Rare. C. undata Berk. = Marasmius undatus (Berk.) Quel. C. vertirugis Cke. = Marasmius undatus (Berk.) Quel. C. stipitaria Fr. = Crinipellis stipitarius (Fr.) Pat. 1041. C. leucomyosotis Cke. & Smith. Cke. Illus. no. 1144, t. 651. \evfc6s, white; Myosotis, the Forget-me-not. P. 2'5 3 cm., pale mouse-grey, disc darker, paler at the margin, the whole plant becoming pallid, almost white when dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, sometimes obtusely umbonate; margin faintly striate. St. 10-13 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, equal, very brittle, apex slightly pruinose, base white, obtuse. Gills white, adnate, sinuate behind, thick, subdistant. Flesh dingy, rather thick. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4/i, 1-guttulate. Cystidia flask-shaped, apex obtuse, 3-3'5^t in. diam., 25-30 x 7/i. Smell strong, rather fragrant. On Sphagnum in bogs. May Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) ** Gills very narrow, crowded. C. hariolorum (DC.) Fr. = Marasmius hariolorum (DC.) Quel. 334 COLLYBIA C. confiuens (Pers.) Fr. = Marasmius hariolorum (DC.) Quel. C. ingrata (Schum.) Fr. = Marasmius ingratus (Schum.) Quel. C. esculenta (Wulf.) Fr. = Marasmius esculentus (Wulf.) Karst. C. conigena (Pers.) Bres. = Marasmius conigenus (Pers.) Karst. 1042. C. cirrhata (Schum.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 68, fig. 1. Cirrata, curled. P. -5-1 cm., white, disc rufescent, or ochraceous, slightly fleshy, conico-eonvex, then plane, umbilicato-depressed, and often with a small central protuberance, slightly silky, at length very delicately, and often concentrically rivulose. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 1 mm., pallid, filiform, flexuose, white-pulverulent, rooted with a fibrillose twisted tail. Gills white, adnate, at length occasionally separating, linear, very narrow, very unequal, crowded. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores white, ellip- tical, 4-5 x 2-3/x. Amongst leaves and on bare ground. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1043. C. tuberosa (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 23, as Agaricus tuberosus. Tuberosa, having a swelling. P. 4-12 mm., white, disc ochraceous, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, umbonate, slightly silky, becoming smooth, opaque. St. 1-5- 3 cm. x 1 mm., white, or rufescent, equal, commonly ascending, pruinose, arising from a purple brownish, or ochraceous, pear-shaped or roundish lobed sclerotium. Flesh whitish, or reddish becoming whitish, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 2-5-3 /x, punctate. Cystidia "on edge of gill scattered, filamentous" Rick. On dead Agarics, chiefly Russula adusta, Russula nigricans, Lactarius vellereus, Poly- porus squamosus and Hydnei. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1044. C. racemosa (Pers.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 287. Racemosa, clustered. P. 5-8 mm., grey, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, often imperfectly formed, papillate, tomentose, striate. St. 3-5 cm. x 1 mm., grey, springing from a swollen black sclerotium, racemose with simple, small, capitate hairs, which are globose at the apex, hyaline, glutinous, and are really oblong, 12-15/x long, guttulate, greenish conidia. Gills concolorous, adnate, very narrow, crowded. Spores "oval, in- curved, 5/x, minutely echinulate, greyish " Quel. On the ground, and rotten fungi. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 7. St. thin, glabrous. *Gills broad, rather distant. 1045. C. cofflna (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 198, t. 205. Collina, belonging to hills. P. 2-5-5 cm., pale fuscous, or pale tan, fleshy-membranaceous, cam- panulate, then expanded and often umbonate, smooth, subviscid, striate when moist, shining when dry. St. 7-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid COLLYBIA 335 whitish, or cream colour, subequal, or slightly attenuated upwards, somewhat fragile, smooth, apex mealy, base pubescent, praemorse. Gills whitish, adnexed, then free, broad, lax, often veined at the base, subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, "pruniform, 10/u,, 1-guttulate" Quel. Smell like burnt meat. Edible. Beech stumps, and forming rings in pastures and on grassy slopes. May Oct. Uncommon. 1046. C. thelephora Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1143, t. 1167. #77X7;, a nipple; <f>epa), I bear. P. 2-3 cm., pale dingy ochraceous, disc darker, slightly fleshy, cam- panulate, lax, with a small, acute, papillate umbo, then expanded and wavy, often depressed round the umbo, smooth, slightly striate; margin at first incurved. St. 6-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., purplish brown at the base, paler upwards, equal, smooth. Gills whitish, adnate, narrower in front, 3 mm. broad, thin, rather crowded. Flesh pinkish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 9 x Ip. Gregarious. Peat bogs, and partly dried up Sphagnum swamps. Sept. Uncommon. 1047. C. ventricosa (BuU.) Fr. Bulliard, t. 411, fig. 1. Ventricosa, ventricose. P. 1-4 cm., tan, or isabelline, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, umbonate, smooth; margin slightly striate. St. 6-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, or rufescent, base ventricose and attenuated into a long, slender, tapering root, smooth. Gills rufescent, arcuato-adfixed, ventri- cose, subdistant, undulate. Flesh white, thin. Spores white. Soli- tary, or gregarious. Woods. Oct. Uncommon. 1048. C. Stevensonii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 199, t. 145, fig. B. Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist. P. 1-1-5 cm., pallid yellow, slightly fleshy, semi-ovate, obtuse, viscid, here and there spotted by the viscous matter. St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., slightly rufous, attenuated at the base into a somewhat long, thread-like root deeply immersed in the soil, fibrillose, pulverulent upwards. Gills white, adnate with a decurrent tooth, subventricose, very broad, dis- tant. Flesh white, reddish in the st., thin. Spores white, elliptical, 10-11 x 7-8 ju-. Old pastures. Aug. Rare. 1049. C. psathyroides Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 200, t. 266. Psathyra, the genus Psathrya', etSo?, like. Entirely ivory white. P. 2-5 cm. high, 18 mm. broad, slightly fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, rather viscid; margin regular, even. St. 7- 10 cm. x 3-4 mm., equal, straight, rather tough. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, very broad, 6-8 mm., triangular, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 15 x 7/z. On the ground in woods. Oct. Rare. 336 COLLYBIA 1050. C. xanthopus Fr. %av06<;, yellow; TTOV<;, foot. P. 2-5-5 cm., tan, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, then expanded, lax, umbonate, smooth, dry; margin at length spread- ing, slightly striate. St. 6-10 cm. x 4-6 mm., tawny yellow, equal, tough, smooth, strigosely rooting at the base. Gills whitish, truncate behind, adnexed, then free, very broad, crowded, lax. Flesh white, yellowish under the cuticle of the p., rufous in the St., thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3jti, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "flask-shaped, 45-50 x 10- 15/x " Rick. On stumps, and amongst leaves, chiefly in pine woods. July Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1051. C. nitellina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 65, figs. 1, 2. Nitellina, belonging to a dormouse. P. 1-5-4 cm., tawny, or brick tawny, becoming tan colour when dry, submembranaceous, convexo-plane, obtuse, often umbonate, elastic, flaccid, hygrophanous, smooth, polished, somewhat rugulose under a lens, pellucido-striate when moist. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 3-5 mm.., ferru- ginous tawny, becoming yellow when dry, equal, flexuose, cartilaginous, shining, polished, apex often pruinose, base white villous. Gills whitish, or citron yellow, then, flesh colour, adnate, very obtuse behind, broad, attenuated in front, somewhat crowded, often undulate. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores "bright brownish red in the mass, yellowish under the microscope, elliptical, with a basal apiculus, 7-8 x 4-5/i, or sometimes 10 x 5//,, 1-many-guttulate, warted" Rene Maire. Smell strong, rancid, or "like melon" Quel. Taste mild. Edible. Forming rings on the ground in coniferous woods. May Oct. Uncommon. 1052. C. succinea Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 203, t. 151, upper figs. Succinea, of amber. P. 2-5-5 cm., rufous, or brown fuscous, becoming pale, fleshy, thin, convex, then flattened, obtuse, at length depressed and unequal, rimosely split when dry, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-5 mm., rufescent, apex paler, equal, attenuated at the base, tough, smooth, shining, sometimes arising from nodules of compact mycelium. Gills cream colour, adnate, obtuse behind, very broad, rather thick, not much crowded, delicately toothed. Flesh reddish, thin. Spores white, pip- shaped, 7-8 x 4/n, depressed on one side, multi-guttulate. Cystidia none. Solitary or gregarious in coniferous woods and under conifers. May Aug. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1053. C. nummularia (Lam.) Fr. Cke. IUus. no. 203, t. 151, lower figs. Nummularia, like a coin. P. 1^4 cm., whitish, or very pale ochre, becoming white, tinged yellow at the umbilicate disc, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, orbicular, then depressed round the obsolete umbo, hygrophanous, smooth. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., whitish, attenuated downwards to the bulbous, tomentose COLLYBIA 337 base, curved, tough, smooth. Gills white, free, subdistant, narrow, minutely toothed. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7x4- 5/i. In troops, in mixed woods. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) C. tenacella (Pers.) Fr. = Marasmius conigenus (Pers.) Karst. C. tenacella (Pers.) Fr. var. stolonifera (Jungh.) = Marasmius coni- genus (Pers.) Karst. 1054. C. planipes (Brig.) Fr. Planus, flat; pes, foot. P. 2-3 cm., bay, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, orbicular, somewhat viscid, smooth; margin paler, crenate. St. 3cm. x 2-3 mm., con- colorous, equal, compressed, rooting. Gills whitish, free, ventricose. Spores white. Caespitose. Woods. Sept. Rare. **Gills narrow, crowded. 1055. C. acervata Fr. (= Collybia enjthropus (Pers.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 64, lower figs. Acervata, heaped up. P. 3-7 cm., reddish flesh colour, whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, or at length gibbous ; margin at first involute, at length flattened and slightly striate. St. 5-10 cm. x 2- 5 mm., rufous, sometimes brown, rigid-fragile, slightly attenuated up- wards, rarely compressed, very smooth, base white-tomentose. Gills flesh colour, then whitish, adnexed, soon free, linear, narrow, plane, very crowded. Flesh pallid, reddish in the St., thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4/A. Caespitoso-fasciculate. Pine stumps. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. = Marasmius dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. funicularis Fr. = Marasmius dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. var. funicularis (Fr.) Rea. C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. aurata Quel. = Marasmius dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. var. auratus (Quel.) Rea. C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. oedipus Quel. = Marasmius dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. var. oedipus (Quel.) Rea. C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. alvearis Cke. = Marasmius dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. var. alvearis (Cke.) Rea. C. dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. aquosa (Bull.) Quel. = Marasmius dryo- philus (Bull.) Karst. var. aquosus (Bull.) Rea. 1056. C. extuberans (Batt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 202, t. 146, as Collybia nitellina Fr. Extuberans, swelling out. P. 2-5 cm., rufous fuscous, bay brown, occasionally becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened, orbicular, at length depressed round the prominent umbo, smooth, slightly viscid when moist. St. 4-5 cm. x 3-5 mm., concolorous, or paler, equal, tense and straight, R. B. B. 22 338 OOLLYBIA smooth, shining, base attenuated and rooting. Gills white, then cream colour, somewhat free, reaching the st. with a small tooth, crowded, narrow, plane. Flesh reddish, becoming white, thin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6 x 3/z, ("yellowish" Quel). Smell pleasant, or none. Edible. On the ground, and on trunks, in pastures, and coniferous woods. May Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) C. exsculpta Fr. = Marasmius exsculptus (Fr.) Rea. 1057. C. luteifolia Gillet. Luteus, yellow; folia, leaves. P. 3-5 cm., reddish, or cinnamon, becoming paler and white or whitish, slightly fleshy, convex, soon plane, smooth, glabrous; margin often lobed, irregular. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, smooth. Gills sulphur yellow, free, rounded at the base, pointed at the margin, very crowded. Flesh white, reddish in the st. Taste pleasant. Woods, and parks. Rare. 1058. C. macilenta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 66, fig. 1. Macilenta, lean. P. 1-2-5 cm., dark yellow, bright yellow at the margin, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, orbicular, smooth, dry. St. 4 cm. x 2- 3 mm., concolorous, or bright light yellow, becoming brownish at the fibrillose, rooting base, tough, cartilaginous, flexuose, smooth. Gills pure yellow, separating- free, narrow, linear, very crowded, very unequal. Flesh yellow, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4^i. " Cystidia hair- shaped, subnodulose or wavy' ; Lange. Amongst pine needles. Autumn. Rare. C. clavus (Linn.) Fr. = Mycena clavus (Linn.) Rea. 1059. C. ocellata Fr. (= Collybia cirrhata (Schum.) Quel. var. ocel- lata (Fr.) Rene Maire.) Cke. lilus. no. 209, t. 147, middle figs. Ocellata, having little eyes. P. 1-2 cm., whitish, fuscous, rufous, or yellowish at the depressed, eye-like, umbonate disc, slightly fleshy, conico-convex, then plane, smooth ; margin crenulate. St. 3-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, becoming yellowish, or fuscous, equal, filiform, tough, smooth, often pruinose, base fibrillose and rooting. Gills white, adnate, at length separating, crowded, the alternate ones shorter. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3/u.. Amongst mosses, and Jungermannia in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1060. C. muscigena (Schum.) Fr. (= Mycena musdgena (Schum.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 209, t. 147, lowest figs. Muscus, moss; yiyvopai,, to be born. Entirely white. P. 3-6 mm., submembranaceous, pellucid, globoso- hemispherical, then flattened, obtuse, smooth, withering up. St. 3- 4 cm. x 1 mm., capillary, flexuose, flaccid, smooth, base attenuated, COLLYBIA 339 rooting. Grills adnate, linear, somewhat crowded, the alternate ones shorter. Flesh very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /u, minutely echinulate. Amongst moss, and short grass. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. JW;.) C. ludia Fr. = Mycena lactea (Pers.) Fr. var. pithya (Pers.) Fr. B. Gills becoming cinereous. Hygrophanous. 8. P. fuscous, or becoming cinereous. *Gills crowded, rather narrow. 1061. C. rancida Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 210, t. 153, upper figs. Rancida, stinking. P. 2-5 cm., lead colour, or fuliginous, disc blackish, or fuscous, at first covered with a delicate, silky, white pruina, then becoming paler, slightly fleshy-cartilaginous, tough, convex, then plane, broadly and obtusely umbonate, smooth, viscid when very wet. St. 715 cm. x 4 6 mm., livid, becoming greyish, rigid, equal, tense and straight, smooth, attenuated at the base into a long, fusiform, villous root. Gills dark cinereous, somewhat pruinose, free, crowded, narrow, but ventricose. Flesh greyish, thin at the margin. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5/x, 1-2-guttulate, minutely punctate. Smell like rancid meal. Woods, and hedgerows. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1062. C. eustygia Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1146, t. 1185. ev, truly; crrvyia, belonging to the nether world. P. 3-5 cm., dingy white, disc a little darker, shining when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, sometimes depressed, sometimes wavy, smooth. St. 5-8 cm., white above, sprinkled with small punctate scales, darker below and often becoming sooty, attenuated downwards into a rooting base, often curved, somewhat longitudinally striate, or fibrous. Gills dark grey, rounded behind, adnexed, or almost free, rather broad, not crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, globose, 4r-5fj,. Smell like rancid meal. The whole plant becoming black in drying. On the ground. Oct. Uncommon. 1063. C. coracina Fr. Kopa^, a raven. P. 24 cm., fuscous and shining, becoming grey and opaque when dry, somewhat fleshy-cartilaginous, convexo-expanded, umbonate, or de- pressed, often irregular and undulate, smooth, hygrophanous', margin sometimes wrinkled. St. 2-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., becoming fuscous, very cartilaginous, tough, rigid, at length fragile, often compressed, or twisted, apex mealy with white squamules, attenuated downwards to the swollen base. Gills whitish grey, obtusely adnate, separating-free, broad chiefly behind, scarcely crowded, distinct, then connected by veins. Flesh white, scissile, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/A, punctate, 1-guttulate ("greenish" Quel.). Smell strong of new meal. Grassy places, and fir plantations. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 222 340 COLLYBIA 1064. C. ozes Fr. ofa, I have a smell. P. 23 cm., grey-fuscous, becoming clay-fuscous, pallid when dry, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, umbonate, hygrophanous, smooth; margin striate when moist. St. 611 cm. x 2 mm., fuliginous grey, equal, or scarcely attenuated from the base, lax, flexuose, fragile, slightly striate, containing a pith when young, apex white mealy. Gills fuliginous-olivaceous, adnate, subventricose, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded often veined. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/x, smooth. Cystidia none" Rick. Smell strong of new meal. On the ground and on pine needles. Feb. Rare. 1065. C. mephitica Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 14. Mephitis, a noxious exhalation from the ground. P. 1-5-4 cm., greyish ochre, becoming whitish, fleshy, convex, sub- umbonate, hygrophanous, smooth, dry, adpressedly and innately silky. St. 5-7 cm. x 2-5 mm., grey, filiform, equal, rigid, pruinosely velvety with white fiocci, base enlarged, covered with the white mycelium. Gills grey, obtusely adnate, separating from the St., attenuated in front, 47 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4/z. Smell strong of new meal. Amongst pine needles in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1066. C. inolens Fr. Inolescens, growing in. P. 25 cm., livid, becoming pale tan and slightly silky when dry, but opaque, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, then plane, obtusely and broadly umbonate, hygrophanous, very smooth ; margin inflexed, then expanded, striate, undulate. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-8 mm., concolorous, be- coming pale when dry, rigid, equal, often compressed, undulated, apex white-squamulose, base white- strigose. Gills grey, adfixed, separating, somewhat free, linear, or slightly ventricose, 24 mm. broad. Flesh greyish, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4 5/*, 1-guttulate. Smell of new meal. Pine woods, and under conifers. Sept. Nov. Un- common, (v.v.) 1067. C. plexipes Fr. (= Collybia retigera Bres. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 211, t. 154, lower figs. Plexus, twisted; pes, foot. P. 3-5 cm., blackish, whitish at the margin, becoming fuliginous livid, fleshy-membranaceous, campanulate, umbonate, somewhat wrinkled, slightly striate. St. 7-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., livid, cartilaginous, equal, covered with a network of silky-fibrils, slightly striate, base shortly, and bluntly rooted. Gills white, then glaucous, free, very much attenuated behind, ventricose, somewhat crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 5^. Woods, especially beech. Sept. Nov. Un- COLLYBIA 341 1068. C. atrata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 212, t. 155, upper figs. Atrata, clothed in black. P. 2-4 cm., pitch-black and shining, becoming fuscous when dry, slightly fleshy, firm, piano-depressed at the disc, convex at the margin, orbicular, smooth, viscid when very wet. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 3-7 mm., fuscous, very cartilaginous, tough, equal, or thickened upwards, round, smooth. Gills whitish, then grey, becoming fuscous, adnate, scarcely decurrent, arcuate, then plane, rather broad, subdistant. Flesh fuscous, especially in the St., thin. Spores white, globose, 5/n, with a large central gutta. Smell none, or strong, and unpleasant. Charcoal heaps, and burnt soil. July Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1069. C. ambusta Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 212, t. 155, lower figs. Ambusta, scorched. P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous, becoming greyish, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, at length depressed, umbonate with a minute papilla, smooth, becoming slightly striate. St. 2-3 cm., concolorous, cartila- ginous, tense, straight, pruinose when young. Gills pallid, becoming fuscous, adnate, with a decurrent tooth, lanceolate, plane, crowded. Flesh becoming whitish, thin. Spores white, globose, 5/x, very minutely warted, "4-5-angled" Rick. Burnt soil, and charcoal heaps. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) **Gills broad, rather distant. 1070. C. lacerata (Lasch) Berk. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 19. Lacerata, torn to pieces. P. 2-5 cm.., fuscous fuliginous, becoming pale, fleshy-membranaceous, campanulate, then convex and umbilicate, somewhat moist, streaked with fuscous lines; margin fimbriately torn, splitting with age. St. 4-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., pallid, equal, at length compressed, fibrillosely striate, firm, often twisted, apex floccoso-pruinose, base white-tomen- tose, somewhat rooting. Gills white-grey, rounded behind, adnate, broad, thick, somewhat crowded, or distant. Flesh greyish white, thin, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 /z, 1-guttulate, "sub-granu- lar" Rick. Caespitose. Fir woods, often on stumps. Autumn. Rare. 1071. C. murina (Batsch) Fr. Murina, of mice. P. 3-4 cm., fuscous brown, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, campanu- lato-convex, then expanded, obtuse, or umbilicate, slightly wrinkled, or very thinly squamulose, tough; margin at first involute. St. 5-8 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, becoming cinereous, equal, tense, straight, delicately fibrillose, apex flocculose when young, base pubescent. Gills white, becoming cinereous, attenuato-adnexed, very broad, almost obovate, rather thick, distant. Flesh greyish white, thin, tough. Spores white, " subfusiform-elliptical, 8-9 x 3-4/u," Rick. Woods, and under oaks. Oct. Uncommon. 342 COLLYBIA 1072. C. protracta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 67, fig. 2. Protracta, drawn out. P. 2 cm., grey-fuscous, shining, submembranaceous, convexo-plane, disc depressed, often with a little central umbo; margin paler, striate. St. 15-16 cm. x 2-3 mm,, livid grey, very cartilaginous, tense, straight, smooth, attenuated at the base into a tapering, subterranean, strigosely fibrous root. Gills grey, delicately white-pruinose, adfixed, very ventri- cose, as if truncate behind, very broad, 6 mm., subdistant. Spores white, "elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6 /x," Bres. Mossy ground near stumps in fir woods. Aug. Nov. Rare. 1073. C. tesquorum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 70, .fig. 3. Tesqua, deserts. P. 6-10 mm., fuscous black, becoming pale, fleshy-membranaceous, slightly firm, convex, very obtuse, smooth. St. 2-4 cm. x 2 mm., fuscous, somewhat filiform, equal, flexuose, smooth, apex mealy. Gills cinereous fuscous, free, very ventricose, 4 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 78 x 5-6jLt, echinulate. Waste ground, and open pastures. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1074. C. clusilis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 215, t. 247, lower figs. Clusilis, easily closing. P. 1-3-5 cm., livid, becoming pale, grey clay colour when dry, sub- membranaceous, rather plane, disc depressed, or broadly umbilicate, very much sloped downwards towards the margin, smooth, soft, fragile; margin at first incurved, slightly striate when moist. St. 4 cm. x 2 mm., livid, cartilaginous, soft, flexile, equal, smooth, polished, stuffed with a white floccose pith. Gills white, becoming cream colour, adnate, plane, with a decurrent tooth, 4-8 mm. broad, in the form of a segment, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5^,, with a large central gutta. Amongst moss and grass on heaths, and hillsides. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 1075. C. tylicolor Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 215, t. 247, upper figs. Tylus, a crustacean allied to the woodlouse; color, colour. P. 1-3 cm., grey cinereous, slightly fleshy, convex, then flattened, subumbonate, smooth, opaque. St. 2-5 cm. x 2 mm., grey, somewhat fragile, equal, whitish-pulverulent. Gills grey, paler than the p., free, broad, plane, distant, rather thick. Spores white, "oval, 5-5-6 x 3-3-5/Lt, minutely echinulate" Sacc. Deciduous woods amongst grass. Oct. Eare. Introduced species. 1076. C. Dorotheas Berk. Lady Dorothy Neville. P. 2-3 cm., dark brown, becoming paler, globose, then flatly hemi- spherical, at length expanded, slightly umbonate, finally de- pressed, radiately sulcate almost to the disc, granulated, covered with COLLYBIA. LEPTONIA 343 short, white bristles pointing in every direction when young; margin crenate. St. 5-6 cm. x 2 mm., brownish, white below, becoming white above and yellowish or rufous below, granulated, covered with white bristles, base with a minute disc-like swelling. Gills white, adnexed, slightly ventricose, connected behind, distant. Dead fern stems in a hot-house. Eare. 1077. C. caldarii Berk. Caldarium, a hot bath. P. 1215 mm., brown, hemispherical, umbonate, rugose. St. 45 cm. x 2 mm., paler, cartilaginous, smooth. Gills somewhat ash-coloured, adnato-decurrent, interstices veined near the margin. On Sphagnum in an orchid pot. Eare. Spores pink. Leptonia Fr. (Xe7TT09, thin.) Pileus slightly fleshy, regular; margin incurved. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, subglobose, or oblong; continuous. Cystidia rarely present. Growing on the ground, or on wood. *Gills whitish. P. slightly fleshy. 1078. L. placida Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 97, fig. 1. Placida, gentle. P. 2-3 cm., grey, becoming bluish, disc densely villose, blackish, fleshy membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, squamulose with dark concentric scales and dark fuliginous black fibrils. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-6 mm., dark azure-blue, or black-blue, equal, very rigid; apex thick- ened, white pruinose and black-dotted. Gills whitish, then purplish, adnexed, very broad behind, plane crowded. Flesh brownish in the pileus, bluish in the stem. Spores pink, "angular, 7-12 x 6-7 /u," Herpell. On and near beech, and fir stumps. Sept. Oct. Eare. 1079. L. anatina (Lasch) Fr. Anatina, belonging to a duck. P. 3-4 cm., greyish fuscous, somewhat fleshy, conico-campanulate, broadly umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose and squamulose, often rimose. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-6 mm., blue, equal, or attenuated down wards, at first pruinose, then squamoso-fibrillose, apex smooth, base white- villose. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnexed, then separating, broad, ventricose. Flesh bluish, becoming whitish. Spores pink, angular, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 9-10/u,, 1-2-guttulate. Heaths, and pastures. July Oct. Uncommon, (v v.) 1080. L. lappula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 97, fig. 2. Lappa, a bur. P. 2-5-4 cm., grey, somewhat fleshy, hemispherical, convexo-plane, umbilicate, flocculoso-soft, then roughish with short erect fibrils, which 344 LEPTONIA become Hack and crowded on the disc. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., fuscous lilac, or dark purple, equal, moderately tough, striate and black-dotted upwards under a lens, base white- villose. Gills whitish-grey, then pur- plish, adnate with a small tooth, then separating, plane, very broad, ovate, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pink, "angular, elliptical, 12/u," Quel. Amongst beech leaves. July Oct. Uncommon. 1081. L. Reaae Maire. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11. Mrs E. A. Rea, the artist who has made many original paintings of fungi. P. -5-1 cm., dark blackish blue, convex, then expanded, submem- branaceous disc fleshy, not, or only slightly hygrophanous, rarely umbonate or papillate at maturity; margin slightly incurved, then expanded and sometimes substriate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-5 mm., deep blue, or blue black, then often vinous, equal, flexuose, wavy, shining, ob- soletely whitish mealy at the apex. Gills whitish then greyish-pink, broadly and deeply sinuate, narrowly adnate, then free, somewhat crowded, short, broad. Flesh vinous. Spores pink, obsoletely polygonal, subglobose, 8-10 x 7-8/4, including the apiculus, containing many oil drops. Pastures. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1082. L. lampropus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 353, t. 331. Xa/ix7rpo9, bright; TTOI;?, foot. P. 13 cm., mouse colour, or steel-blue, then fuliginous-grey, some- what fleshy, convex, then expanded and depressed, becoming more or less squamulose. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 24 mm., becoming azure-blue, com- monly steel-blue-violaceous, cartilaginous. Gills whitish, then slightly rose colour, adnate, readily separating, then free, ventricose. Flesh bluish. Spores pink, angular, broadly elliptical, 9 x 7/z, 1-guttulate, with somewhat rounded angles. Heaths, and pastures. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. cyanulus (Lasch) Fr. icvavos, dark blue. Differs from the type in the more slender, membranaceous, blackish- blue, subumbilicate, fioccosely-villose p., the capillary, pruinose st., and the glaucous, then flesh colour, adnate, distant gills. On the ground near alders. 1083. L. aethiops Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 97, fig. 3. al6ioty, an Ethiop. P. 1-3 cm., black, then fuliginous, slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, streaked with fibrils, shining when dry. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., fuscous blackish, black dotted upwards. Gills whitish, then purplish, adnexed, or adnate, linear, or ventricose. Flesh whitish. Spores pink, angular, 9-10 x 6/Lt, 1-guttulate. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Not un- common. (v.v.) LEPTONIA 345 1084. L. solstitialis Fr. Solstitialis, belonging to midsummer. P. 1-3 cm., becoming fuscous, slightly fleshy, at length depressed, papillate in the centre, slightly wrinkled, obsoletely innato-fibrillose. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., smoke colour. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, emarginate, broad. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 10 x 7/u,, 1-guttu- late. Pastures, and amongst stones. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) **Gills at the first azure-blue, or slightly dark-blue. 1085. L. serrulata (Pers.) Fr. Serrula, a small saw. P. 1-3 cm., blackish-blue (shining when dry), fuliginous when old or in wet weather, and then slightly striate, slightly fleshy, convex, umbilicato-depressed, squamulose, or fibrillose. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., paler than the p., cartilaginous, equal, apex black dotted, base white- woolly. Gills bluish-grey-whitish, then grey flesh colour, adnate, in the form of a segment, broad in the middle; edge black, serrulate. Flesh whitish. Spores pink, angular, 8-11 x 7/u,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "pale grey, fasciculate, clavate, 11-12/x broad" Lange. Woods, and pastures. June Oct. Common, (v.v.) var. Berkeley! Maire. Cke. Illus. no. 355, t. 333, as Leptonia serrulata Fr. Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of British mycology. P. 2-5-4 cm., whitish with a lilac tinge, umbilicate, slightly sprinkled with fibrils; margin vaulted. St. 7-10 cm. x 3mm., whitish with a lilac tinge, flexuose, smooth. Gills salmon colour, broad, adnate, little or not serrulate. Flesh whitish. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 11-12 x 6-7 IJL, 1-2-guttulate. Pastures. July Sept. Not uncommon (v.v.) var. laevipes Maire. Laevis, smooth ; pes, foot. Differs from the type in the smooth (not black dotted) apex of the stem. Woods, and pastures. July Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1086. L. euchroa (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 98. e#%pco<?, well coloured. P. 1-4-5 cm., violaceous, then purple-fuliginous, slightly fleshy, con- vex, obtuse, squamuloso-fibrillose. St. 2-6 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, equal, fibrillosely mealy especially at the apex, tough; base white, hairy. Gills dark violaceous, becoming pale, the edge retaining the darker colour, adnate, ventricose. Flesh bluish. Spores pink, angular, 10-15 x 7-9/i. On stumps, and branches of alder, hazel, and birch. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1087. L. chalybaea (Pers.) Fr. %aXwf , steel. P. 2-3 cm., dark violaceous, or blackish blue, slightly fleshy, convex, subumbonate, flocculose, then squamulose. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., dark blue, cartilaginous, slightly firm. Gills bluish-grey-whitish, edge paler, adnate, crowded, broad, ventricose. Spores pink, "longish, 5-6- angled, 9-10 x 7-8 ju, with prominent angles" Rick. Pastures. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 346 LEPTONIA 1088. L. lazulina Fr. Lapis lazuli, ultramarine. P. 1-5-2 cm., becoming black fuliginous, at first black blue, or date- brown-mouse colour, with the disc darker, submembranaceous, campanu- late, then expanded and obtuse, striate, obsoletely umbilicate, rimoso- squamulose. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., dark blue, cartilaginous, base white-woolly. Gills pallid deep blue, adnate, separating, equally at- tenuated from the stem to the margin of the pileus. Flesh dark blue. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 11-12 x 7-8/x, 1-guttulate. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) ***Gills pallid. Becoming pale, yellow or green. 1089. L. incana Fr. (= Leptonia chloropolia (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 359, t. 336 Incana, hoary. P. 2-3 cm., variegated fuscous and green, becoming cinereous when dry, submembranaceous, fragile, convex, then expanded, umbilicate, striate, slightly silky when dry. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., green, or fuscous green, cartilaginous, base white-floccose. Gills whitish green, then flesh colour, adnate, decurrent with a tooth, at length separa- ting, 4-6 mm. broad at the middle, distant. Flesh green, thin. Spores pink, angular, 8-12 x 7-8/z, 1-guttulate. Smell like that of mice. Woods, heaths, and pastures. July Oct. Common, (v.v.) 1090. L. euchlora (Lasch) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 99. e, well; %Xo>pa, pale green. P. 1 -5-3-5 cm., olivaceous, becoming paler, submembranaceous, cam- panulato-convex, then plane, fuscous fibrillose, subsquamulose, especi- ally at the darker, finally depressed disc. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-5 mm., greenish, apex yellowish, becoming deep blue or verdigris when bruised or handled, equal, slightly thickened at the white, tomentose base, hollow, fragile, smooth. Gills whitish, or very pale yellowish, then pink, 56 mm. wide, broadly adnate, subdistant. Flesh greenish, becoming deep blue or verdigris when bruised or pressed, thin. Taste and smell none. Spores pink, oblong, angular, 11-15 x 8-10/>t, multi-guttulate. Amongst short grass in woods and open downs. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 1091. L. sericella (Fr.) Quel. (= Entoloma sericellum Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 335, t. 307, as Entoloma sericellum Fr. Sericus, silken. P. 1-5-3 cm., white, or becoming yellow white, somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, at length depressed, often unequal, silky, often squamulose ; margin inflexed, floccose. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, then becoming pale, waxy, equal, fibrillose, at length somewhat polished, pellucid. Gills white, then flesh colour, at first adnate, even, decurrent with a tooth, then separating and somewhat emarginate, very broad, subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores pink, angular, LEPTONIA 347 oblong, 9-11 x 6-7/z,, 1-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. July Oct. Common, (v.v.) var. decurrens (Boud.) Kea. Boud. Icon. t. 94. Decurrens, running down. Differs from the type in the distinctly decurrent gills. Woods, pas- tures, and roadsides. July Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. lutescens Fr. Lutescens, becoming yellow. Differs from the type in the yellowish, more regular, convex, even p., and almost adnate gills. var. sublutescens Henn. Sub, somewhat; lutescens, becoming yellow. Differs from the type in the white, silky-floccose p. becoming smooth and dingy yellow, and the white st. becoming yellowish. 1092. L. formosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 98, fig. 1. Formosa, beautiful. P. 2-3 cm., yellow wax colour, sprinkled over with minute fuscous squamules or fibrils, submembranaceous, slightly tough, convex, then plane, slightly umbilicate, striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., yellow, car- tilaginous, equal, shining. Gills light-yellow-pallid, then flesh colour, adnate, decurrent with a tooth, subdistant. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 10 x 8/i,, 1-guttulate. Coniferous woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. suavis (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 360, t. 488. Suavis, pleasant. Differs from the type in the stem becoming blue. Amongst Equisetum. Sept. Bare. 1093. L. chloropolia Fr. (= Leptonia incana Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 98, fig. 2. x\top6s, pale green; 7roXto<?, grey. P. 2-3 cm., livid, disc black squamulose, membranaceous, convex, then flattened, striate; margin at first inflexed. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2- 4 mm., bluish-grey-green, slightly firm, rigid. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnate. Spores pink, angular, globose, 9-10 x 8/4, 1-guttu- late. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) ****Gills grey, or glaucous. Hygrophanous, p. somewhat striate. 1094. L. asprella Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 6, fig. 4. Asprella, somewhat rough. P. 2-4 cm., fuliginous, or mouse colour, then livid-grey, submem- branaceous, convex, then flattened, darker umbilicus villose, at length squamulose, marked with spots, striate, often fibrillose. St. 2-55 cm. x 1-2 mm., fuscous, green, or azure-blue, cartilaginous, equal, tense and straight, base white- villose. Gills whitish grey, then flesh colour, adnate, separating free, subdistant, equally attenuated from the stem 348 LEPTONIA. NAUCORIA towards the margin, edge often black. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 10 x 6-7 [i. Pastures, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1095. L. nefrens FT. Nefrens, having no teeth. P. 2-5-5 cm., fuliginous, then livid-grey, membranaceous, campanu- late, then flattened, with a deep darker umbilicus, at length infundibuli- form, striate, obsoletely fibrillose. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., fuscous- livid, fragile, equal. Gills pallid grey, adnexed, separating, broad, edge slightly black. Spores pink, "elliptical, 4-5 x 3/x." Massee. Grassy places, and marshy pastures. July Sept. Uncommon. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. Naucoria Fr. (Naucum, a flock of wool.) Pileus fleshy, regular; margin at first incurved. Stem central, car- tilaginous. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochra- ceous, ferruginous or fuscous; elliptical, pip-shaped, almond-shaped, or oblong elliptical, smooth, punctate, or verrucose; continuous, or with a germ-pore. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, more rarely on wood ; solitary, gregarious, or caespitose. I. P. smooth. Veil none. Spores ferruginous, not becoming fuscous ferruginous. *Gills free, or slightly adnexed. 1096. N. lugubris Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 121, fig. 1. Lugubris, mournful. P. 5-8 cm., pallid, then ferruginous, at length almost date brown, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, gibbous, smooth, rarely bullate, undulated, and tenaciously viscid. St. 5-10 cm. x 6-10 mm., pallid, becoming ferruginous downwards when old, with a long, attenuated, fusiform root, externally very cartilaginous, rigid, smooth. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, quite free, ventricose, very broad behind, 12 mm. and more broad, crowded, edge for the most part serrated. Flesh white. Spores pallid, then ferruginous, "nearly almond-shaped, 7-8 x 4-5 /n. Cystidia only on edge of gill, clavate filamentous " Rick. Often caespitose. Mountainous fir woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1097. N. festiva Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 22. Festiva, handsome. P. 2-5 cm., olivaceous fuscous, becoming olivaceous straw colour, isabelline, bay, or rufous when dry, fleshy, convex, slightly gibbous, smooth, glutinous when fresh. St. 5-9 cm. x 4-8 mm., rufous, violaceous, olivaceous, or pallid, with reticulately adpressed black fibrils, equal, or attenuated downwards, somewhat rooting, sometimes ventricose and compressed, very cartilaginous, either fuscous squamulose, or smooth. Gills whitish, then olivaceous, rufous, or ferruginous blood red, free, NAUCOBIA 349 attenuated behind, generally ventricose, 6 mm. broad, crowded, edge often white, pubescent. Flesh pallid, becoming reddish in the St., thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, 8 x 4ju,, 1-guttu- late, "roughish. Cystidia only on edge of gill, filamentous" Kick. Smell weak, of radish. Coniferous woods, and amongst grass. Sept. Bare. 1098. N. obtusa Cke. & Massee. Cke. lUus. no. 1171, t. 1155. Obtusa, blunt. P. 2-3 cm., rufous, or orange tawny, becoming pale, campanulate, obtuse, margin faintly striate. St. 5 cm. x 4-6 mm., flesh colour, or pale cinnamon, equal, smooth. Gills cinnamon, broadly adnate, or with a tooth, 4-6 mm. broad, ventricose, edge serrate. Flesh con- colorous, becoming pale, darker at the base of the st. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4/u,. On the ground. Sept. Rare. 1099. N. subglobosa (A. & S.) Fr. Sub, somewhat; globosa, spherical. P. 2-3 cm., light yellow, darker at the disc, fleshy, hemispherical, smooth, moist. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, brownish at the base, equal, rigid, striate at the apex. Gills concolorous, somewhat free, very broad, convex, rhomboidal. Flesh lemon yellow, thin. Spores ochraceous, "unequal-elliptical, 6-7 x 3 4/z, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill large, lanceolate-fusiform, 50-60 x 12-15/u,, without a globose head" Rick. Pine woods, and on the ground. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 1100. N. hamadryas Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 121, fig. 3. apaSpvds, a wood nymph. P. 45 cm., bay brown ferruginous, pale yellowish when old, and be- coming pale, fleshy, convex, then expanded, gibbous, smooth. St. 5 7-5 cm. x 6 mm., pallid, somewhat fragile, equal, smooth. Gills ferruginous, opaque, attenuato-adnexed, somewhat free, slightly ventri- cose, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh paler, thin, that of the p. easily separating from the st. Spores "ferruginous, elliptical, 13-14 x 7/n" Massee. Woods, and under trees. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. 1101. N. cidaris Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 123, fig. 2. Kt,Sapi<;, a tiara. P. 2-5 cm., clay cinnamon, or dark tawny cinnamon, tan colour when dry, fleshy, conical, then campanulate, slightly striate when moist at the undulate, membranaceous margin, pruinose, or smooth. St. 4-5 cm. x 4 mm., fuscous black, apex concolorous and pruinose, at- tenuated from the apex to the base, or fusiform, subcompressed, flexuose, or straight, tough, smooth. Gills honey colour, or cinnamon clay, ad- fixed, separating free, ascending, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, scissile, thin at the disc. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 350 NAUCORIA 5-6 x 3-4/Lt, smooth. Cystidia only on edge of gill, filamentous" Rick. Pine woods, and on the ground round trunks. Oct. Nov. Uncommon. 1102. N. Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. (= Nolaneanigripes (Trog) Fr.; Nolanea pisciodora (Ces.) Fr.; Nolanea picea Kalchbr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 364, t. 378, upper figs., as Nolanea pisciodora Ces. Cucumis, cucumber. P. 1-4 cm., tawny cinnamon, pitch black, bay-brown-fuscous, be- coming paler towards the margin, umber, fawn, or tan colour when dry, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, umbonate, or obtuse, pruinose; margin incurved, often striate when moist. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-6 mm., date brown, chestnut brown, or fuscous blackish, tough, equal, pruinose, velvety, apex often paler, white floccose at the base. Gills pale, yellowish flesh colour, then saffron yellow, or tawny, emarginate, ventricose, crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin at the margin. Spores pale, ferru- ginous, oblong, elliptical, 8-10 x 3-4 p,, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia "broadly lanceolate, 60-75 x 18-23/i" Rick. Smell unpleasant, of fish, or cucumber. Coniferous, and damp woods, amongst dead leaves, and bare soil in gardens. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1103. N. echinospora W. G. Sm. e'^o/o?, hedgehog; <nropd, seed. P. 12 mm., buff, then pale, flat, subumbonate, moist, hygrophanous, slightly furfur aceous; margin substriate. St. 2 cm. x 4-5 mm., brown- ish salmon, paler above, rufescent below, white flocculose. Gills ochre, olive-shaded, sinuate, subdistant. Spores 7 x Qp,, rough. Greenhouses. Aug. Rare. 1104. N. anguinea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 122, fig. 1. Anguinea, snaky. P. 3-6 cm., rufous, or pale yellowish, somewhat tan colour when dry, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, gibbous, smooth, covered near the margin when young with a superficial silky zone from the fibrils of the veil. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., bay brown, equal, base thickened, often flexuose, densely white-fibrillose, and forming numerous zone-like marks; often with silky spots when dry. Gills pallid isabelline, or yellow, then ferruginous, somewhat free, ascending into the top of the cone, some- what linear, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh concolorous, thin except at the disc. Spores ferruginous. Damp places in woods, and heaths. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1105. N. centunculus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 495, t. 601, fig. A. Centunculus, patch- work. P. 820 mm., lurid, or olivaceous fuscous, becoming light yellow green, finally becoming pale, but not hygrophanous, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, often excentric, dry, slightly silky under a lens ; margin incurved, often striate, occasionally yellow-pulverulent. St. 2-5- 3 cm. x 2-4 mm., cinereous light yellow, somewhat equal, often curved, NATJCORIA 351 pulverulent with white mealy squamules at the apex, base white- villous. Gills light yellow cinereous, adnate, separating, broad, rather thick, convex, undulated when old, edge slightly toothed with greenish yellow floccules ("pulverulent with crystalline particles under a lens" Quel.). Flesh pallid, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 8-10 x 6/u,. Cystidia "undulating-clavate, or fusiform-capitate, 30-36 x 4-6 //," Kick. Gregarious, or caespitose. Eotten wood, especially beech. Oct. Bare. 1106. N. horizontals (Bull.) Fr. (= Galera horizontal (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. nius. no. 495, t. 601, fig. B. Horizontalis, horizontal. Entirely watery cinnamon. P. 5-15 mm., fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth. St. 6-12 x 2 mm., incurved, smooth. Gills rounded, free, plane, broad, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, paler, thin. Spores ferruginous, punctate, broadly elliptical, 6-8 x 5-6/n. Cystidia cla- vate, or conical, flexuose, 20-35 x 2-4/t. On bark of elm, and pear trees. Nov. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 1107. N. rimulincola (Lasch) Rabenh. (= Galera horizontal^ (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 496, t. 509, fig. B. Rimula, a small crack; colo, I inhabit. Entirely cinnamon. P. 10-12 mm., hemispherical, umbilicate, pli- cate, slightly wrinkled, tomentose. St. 10-12 x 2 mm., somewhat ex- centric, incurved, somewhat thickened at the base. Gills adnexed, thick, very broad, subdistant, edge whitish crenulate. Flesh white, thin. Spores "cinnamon, elliptical, 10 x 5/x" Massee. On elm, and pear twigs. Oct. Dec. Rare. 1108. N. semiflexa B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 496, t. 509, fig. A. Semi, half; flexa, bent. P. 12 mm., chestnut, hygrophanous, fleshy, subcampanulate, then hemispherical, or flattened ; margin adorned with the delicate white veil. St. 6-18 x 1-2 mm., pale, semi-horizontal. Gills tawny, adnexed, rather broad, distant. Flesh white, thin. Spores "amber, elliptical, 8 x 5/A, verrucose" Massee. On wood, and on the ground. Oct. Rare. N. rubricata B. & Br. = Marasmius nibricatus (B. & Br.) Massee. **Gills adnate, p. convexo-plane. 1109. N. abstrusa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 122, fig. 2. Abstrusa, hidden. P. 2-4 cm., ferruginous clay, fleshy, convex, then plane, orbicular, smooth, viscid. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid ferruginous, base darker, very cartilaginous, tough, rigid, equal, round, tense, straight, polished, naked. Gills watery ferruginous, or cinnamon, adnate, plane, crowded. Flesh concolorous, becoming pale, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 10 x 5/u," Sacc. Woods, and on sawdust. Oct. Uncommon. 352 NATJCORIA 1110. N. innocua (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 498, t. 489, fig. A. Innocua, harmless. P. 34 cm., rufous, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, convex, obtuse, rather smooth, fibrillosely-smooth under a lens, striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 3-4 mm., white fibrillose, base woolly. Gills light yellow ochraceous, adnate, somewhat crowded. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 4-6 p.. Damp places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 1111. N. cerodes Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 498, t. 489, fig. B. KrjpfaSrjs, wax-like. P. 1-3 cm., watery cinnamon, tan colour when dry, submembrana- ceous, campanulato-convex, then flattened, at length depressed, obtuse, smooth, pellucidly striate at the margin when moist, slightly silky -atomate when dry. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, or pale yellowish, becoming bay -brown-fuscous, sometimes only at the base, slightly firm, equal, somewhat flexuose, fibrillosely striate under a lens, apex mealy. Gills pattid, then cinnamon, adnate, separating, very broad behind, hence almost triangular, subdistant, broad, plane, edge minutely fimbriate under a lens. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores brownish ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 9-12 x 6-7 /z, 1 2-guttulate. Cystidia "on surface of gill fusiform, 35-40 x 10-1 2 /z, sparse, on edge of gill the majority filamentous-clavate " Rick. Woods, heaths, burnt ground, and on stumps. May Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1112. N. melinoides Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 499, t. 457, upper figs. fteXt, honey; etSo?, like. P. 1-2 cm., tawny, ochraceous when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, sometimes globose then hemispherical, obtuse, or gibbous, striate at the margin when old. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, or ochraceous, base paler, white, equal, or slightly attenuated, sometimes attenuated at both ends, slightly firm, smooth, apex white pruinose. Gills some- what tawny, or light yellowish ochraceous, adnate, ventricose, crowded, edge often denticulate. Flesh yellowish, thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 9-13 x 4-8 /LI, with a large central gutta. Cystidia flask-shaped, capitate, apex 5-8/z in diam., base ventricose, 50-55 x 8-19jit. Heaths, pastures, lawns, and roadsides. June Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1113. N. pusiola Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 124, fig. 4. Pusio, a little boy. P. 6-12 mm., yellow, or tawny yellow, submembranaceous or slightly fleshy, hemispherical, or campanulato-hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, slightly viscid. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., shining light yellow, or lemon yellow, tough, equal, or attenuated upwards, flexuose, smooth, slightly viscid, apex often pruinose, base often be- coming brownish. Gills yellow white, or watery cinnamon, then brown, adnate, broad, plane. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores "brown, pruni- form, 8 x 4/z" Sacc. Pastures, and mossy hillsides. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) NAUCORIA 353 ***Gills adnate. P. campanulate, then expanded. 1114. N. nucea (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 70. Nucea, belonging to a nut. P. 1-2-5 cm., pale chestnut, submembranaceous, globoso-campanu- late, never flattened, umbilicate, smooth, slightly dotted; margin in- curved, somewhat lobed. St. 7-8 cm. x 2 mm., white, tough, equal, silky fibrillose, becoming even, base with a small bulb. Gills cinnamon, adnate, semicircular, 6-8 mm. broad, plane, often undulate. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, base apiculate, 10-11 x 6jii" Massee. Pine, and fir woods. Oct. Eare. 1115. N. glandiformis W. G. Sm. Cke. lUus. no. 500, t. 490, fig. B. Glans, acorn ; forma, shape. P. 2-5 cm., nut brown, disc darJcer, obtusely campanulate, becoming somewhat hemispherical, or filbert- shaped, smooth. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 4 mm., pallid, equal, sometimes twisted, splitting. Gills umber, ad- nate, very broad, 12 mm. and more, rounded behind, serrate. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, broadly almond- shaped, 10-12 x 6-8/z. On the ground. Oct. Rare. 1116. N. scolecina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 124, fig. 1. <7Kta\^, a worm. P. 1-2 cm., bay -brown-ferruginous, becoming pale, opaque, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, often umbonate, obtuse, smooth, fragile; margin paler, at length striate. St. 3-7-5 cm. x 1-3 mm., rufous ferru- ginous, base becoming fuscous, equal, often flexuose and curved, white mealy everywhere, then only at the paler apex. Gills whitish flesh colour, then ferruginous, adnate, broader behind, 2-4 mm. broad, edgefloccu- lose, ciliate. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 4 x 3/i, 1-guttulate. Alder swamps, and damp places. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1117. N. striaepes Cke. Cke. Hhis. no. 502, t. 478. Stria, a furrow; pes, foot. P. 2-5-6 cm., ochraceous, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, then ex- panded, smooth. St. 4-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, equal, straight, or flexuose, longitudinally striate. Gills tawny ferruginous, slightly ad- nate, subdistant, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh concolorous, then white, thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 /x,. Caespi- tose, or gregarious. Woods, lawns, pastures, and roadsides. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1118. N. amarescens Quel. Boud. Icon. t. 127. Amarescens, becoming bitter. P. 1-5-4 cm., reddish brown, or cinnamon, becoming pale when dry, campanulate, then expanded, often umbonate, minutely rugose, then torn and cracked, moist. St. 3-7 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, or E. B. B. 23 354 NAUCOBIA ochraceous, then blackish bistre, apex often slightly velvety, equal, base white tomentose. Gills ochraceous, then tawny, emarginate, ad- nate, ventricose, very broad. Flesh concolorous, scissile. Spores brownish ferruginous, oblong elliptical, 10-12 x 5-6/i. Taste insipid, then very bitter. In troops. Old charcoal heaps in woods. May Sept. Uncommon. 1119. N. sideroides (Bull.) Fr. Cke. JQlus. no. 503, t. 458, upper figs. (riBr/pos, iron; etSo9, like. P. 1-2-5 cm., pale yellowish, honey colour, or cinnamon, tan ochra- ceous when dry, somewhat shining, fleshy, campanulate, then ex- panded, umbonate, smooth, very slightly viscid when moist; margin incurved at first, then slightly striate. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, then becoming yellow and ferruginous downwards, base at length be- coming fuscous, slightly firm, equal, sometimes undulated, or slightly thickened at the apex, smooth, apex often white pruinose. Gills be- coming watery-yellow ochraceous, at length somewhat cinnamon, adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, sometimes sinuate and uncinato-adfixed, ascending, linear, crowded. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores pale yellow, "cylindrical-elliptical, 7-8 x 3-4 p,. Cystidia on edge of the gill very delicate, filamentous-fusiform, 30-36/x,, apex with a globose head" Rick. Stumps, ash and pine trunks, twigs, and chips. Oct. Nov. Uncommon. 1120. N. badipes Fr. (= Galera badipes (Fr.) Rick.) Fr. Icon. t. 123, fig. 3. Badius, bay brown ; pes, foot. P. 8-20 mm,, yettowish ferruginous, tan when dry, submembrana- ceous, campanulate, then convex, umbonate, pellucidly striate to the disc when moist, smooth; margin almost straight and adpressed to the st. St. 5 7'5 cm. x 2 mm., ferruginous, darker and becoming fuscous towards the base, equal, firm, rigid, often flexuose, covered up to the middle with white floccose scales, apex paler, naked. Gills pale yellowish ferruginous, adnate, very ventricose, thin, subdistant. Flesh con- colorous, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10-12 x 5/u,. Cystidia "thin, fusiform, with long, blunt point, 50-60 x 10-15/x," Rick. Damp places in coniferous woods, and on heaths. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1121. N. camerina Fr. (= Galera camerina (Fr.) Rick.) Fr. Icon, t. 124, fig. 2. Kapdpa, an arched roof. P. 1-2 cm., honey colour, tan colour when dry, obtuse umbo often darker, fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, umbonate, smooth, hy- grophanous; margin somewhat striate when moist. St. 3 4 cm. x 1 2 mm., umber, apex pallid, equal, or attenuated downwards, some- what curved, or flexuose, tough, adpressedly fibrdlose. Gills yellowish cinnamon, then ferruginous, adnate, plane, ascending, attenuated be- NAUCORIA 355 hind, very crowded, often crenulate. Flesh, concolorous, thin at the margin. Spores ferruginous, "elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 jn, smooth. Cys- tidia on the edge of the gill subulate-capitate, 36-40 x 5-6 /u," Eick. Coniferous stumps. May Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1122. N. hydrophila Mass. (= Naucoria nasuta Kalchbr. sec. Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1173, t. 1172, fig. A, as Naucoria nasuta Kalchbr. v8(op, water; 0tXo?, loving. P. 1-3-5 cm., pale ochraceous tan with a distinct tinge of green here and there, fleshy, campanulate, then slightly expanded, acutely um- bonate, smooth; margin striate when moist. St. 3-5 cm. x 2mm., rather ferruginous, or with red and green tints, equal, flexuose, smooth. Gills pallid, then brownish, adnexed, rather crowded, 3 mm. broad, edge pale. Flesh greenish, very thin. Spores brown, elliptical, 13- 14 x 6-7^1,. Gregarious. Swampy places under trees. Sept. Oct. Eare. 1123. N. triscopa Fr. (= Galera triscopa (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 124, fig. 3. rpi-, three; CT/COTTO?, faced. P. 4-10 mm., deep bay, tawny or ochraceous when dry, always opaque, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, then convexo-plane, with a prominent umbo, smooth. St. 1-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., ferruginous, opaque, base umber, often velvety, equal, curved, or flexuose, smooth. Gills yellowish, then dark ferruginous, adnate, ventricose, plane, thin, some- what crowded. Flesh yellowish, ferruginous in the St., very thin at the margin. Spores "ferruginous, pruniform, 10//," Quel. Stumps, and rotten wood of frondose trees, rarely on humus. May Sept. Un- II. P. naked. Gills and spores fuscous ferruginous. Veil potential, rarely manifest. *Growing in fields, and plains. 1124. N. vervacti Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 504, t. 617, fig. A. Vervactum, fallow ground. P. 2-3 cm., light yellow, or pallid yellow, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or umbonate, soft, smooth, slightly viscid, shining when dry. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 46 mm., whitish, cartilaginous, rigid, attenuated either upwards or downwards, smooth, often striate. Gills pallid, then ferruginous fuscous, adnate with a decurrent tooth, 6 mm. broad, plane, at length ventricose, crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores "olive brown in the mass, elliptic-oval, 12-17 x" 8-12ju. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform, 40-45 x 9-10/i, with or without a head" Eick. Gardens, and pastures. May Nov. Un- common. 232 356 NAUCORIA 1125. N. pediades FT. (= Cantharellus Brownii B. & Br. sec. Pat.; Naucoria semi-orbicularis (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 505, t. 492. vreStoi/, a plain, or field. P. 2-5 cm., yellow, or pale yellowish ochraceous, then becoming pale, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, dry, smooth, at length rimoso- rivulose. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellowish, stuffed with a pith, sub- flexuose, tough, equal, base bulbous from the mycelium being rolled together, slightly silky, becoming even. Gills somewhat fuscous, then dingy cinnamon, adnexed, 4-10 mm. broad, crowded, then subdistant. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 p, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "ventri- cose-fusiform, or with an enlarged head, 45-50 x 8 10/u," Rick. Pastures, and roadsides. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1126. N. semi-orbicularis (Bull.) Fr. (= Naucoria pediades Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 507, t. 493, fig. A. Semi-, half; orbicularis, round. P. 25 cm., tawny ferruginous, then ochraceous, fleshy, convexo- expanded, obtuse, slightly viscid when fresh and moist, then dry, smooth, corrugated when dry. St. 7-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., ochraceous, becoming pallid ferruginous, shining, often darker at the base, cartilagi- nous, tough, equal, tense, straight, smooth, internally with a separate fistulose tube which is easily broken up into fibrils. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, adnate, rarely sinuate, 46 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores brownish, elliptical, 9-12 x 5-7 /x. Cystidia flask-shaped, or fusiform, 45-50 x 13-1 5 p, apex obtuse, 6-8 p in diam. Pastures, heaths, roadsides. June Oct. Common, (v.v.) 1127. N. arvalis Fr. Arvum, an arable field. P. 1-2 cm., yellow fuscous, pallid ochraceous when dry, disc yellow, or concolorous, fleshy, firm, convex, then expanded, orbicular, obtuse, smooth, slightly viscid. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., becoming yellowish, equal, smooth, often pulverulent, attenuated into a long, cottony root, internally with a not easily separable fistulose tube. Gills pallid grey, then umber fuscous, or becoming ferruginous, adnexed, plane, very broad, quaternate, distant, edge often lemon yellow. Flesh lemon yellow. Spores "light yellow, almond-shaped, 10-12/i, oblong" Quel. Arable fields, gardens, and sea-sands. July Oct. Uncommon. 1128. N. tabacina (DC.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 507, t. 493, fig. B. Tabacum, tobacco. P. 6-20 mm., umber, then bay-brown-cinnamon, very moist, tan colour when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, disc very obtuse, smooth ; margin involute, often covered with a silky veil. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., brown, darker and fuscous at the base, equal, attenuated downwards NAUCORIA 357 when shorter, somewhat flexuose, smooth. Gills bay -brown-cinnamon, then ferruginous, adnate, plane, linear, or ovate, crowded. Flesh pallid reddish, deeper in the St., thin. Spores tobacco coloured in mass, "elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /A" Massee. Cystidia "on edge of gill fusiform- subulate, 30-40 x 5-6 /x" Rick. Lawns, waysides, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) **Growing in moist, uncultivated, wooded places. 1129. N. tenax Fr. Tenax, firm. P. 25 cm., varying between cinnamon and an olivaceous, or somewhat fuscous yellow, dirty, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, obtuse, rarely umbonate, sometimes becoming de- pressed at the disc, smooth, or slightly wrinkled, slightly viscid when young. St. 5-10 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, or dingy pallid, be- coming fuscous, or olive, apex paler, equal, or thickened upwards, striate with adpressed fibrils, and sprinkled with white fibrils, the re- mains of the fugacious veil. Gills whitish fuscous, then ferruginous with the edge whitish, adnate, becoming somewhat rounded and separating, 6-10 mm. broad, plane, triangular, or oblong. Flesh yellowish, becoming whitish, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, pip- shaped, 13-16 x 7-8/z, sometimes depressed on one side, 1-2-guttu- late. Bogs on dead stems of Potentilla Comarum, and in ditches amongst sticks. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1130. N. Myosotis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 125, fig. 1. Myosotis, the Forget-me-not. P. 24 cm., olivaceous, or fuscous green, becoming pale, or light yellow, disc darker, fleshy, convex, then plane, subumbonate when flattened, smooth, with a viscid pellicle. St. 7-15 cm. x 2-6 mm., pallid, then fuscous, apex white pruinose, slightly firm, equal, often flexuose, either fibrillose (the fibrils here and there blackish) or scaly. Gills pallid umber olivaceous, then brown ferruginous, with the edge whitish and serrate, adnate, decurrent with a tooth, 56 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, pip-shaped, 16-18 x 8-lOjLt, 1-guttulate. Cystidia on gill edge subcylindrical, flexuose, 36-40 x 7-9 /z, apex obtuse, 5-6/A in diam. Bogs amongst Sphagnum, and Potentilla Comarum. July Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1131. N. temulenta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 125, fig. 2. Temulenta, sodden. P. 1-3 cm., ferruginous, ochraceous, or whitish when dry, hygro- phanous, submembranaceous, campanulate, then convex, sometimes subumbonate, smooth ; margin striate when moist. St. 4-8 cm. x 2mm., yellow, or ferruginous, tough, equal, flexuose, polished, fistulose with a pith, apex pruinose, base white-villous. Gills yellow, or lurid ferrugi- nous, then umber, or ferruginous, adnate, attenuated in front, sub- 358 NAUCORIA distant. Flesh pallid, thin at the disc. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 9 x 4-5 /M, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill flask-shaped, on surface of gill quite differently shaped, ventricose with three points at the apex, 60 x 20/*" Kick. Woods and heaths. Aug. Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) 1132. N. subtemulenta Lamb. Sub, somewhat; temulenta, sodden. P. brown ochre, tan when dry, campanulate, then convex, slightly umbonate, striate, hygrophanous. St. concolorous, dark rusty at the thickened base. Gills concolorous, almost free, narrow, crowded. 1133. N. latissima Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 510, t. 482. Latissima, very broad. P. 1-3-5 cm., deep chestnut brown, fleshy, subglobose, then hemi- spherical; margin at first incurved. St. 2-5 cm. x 4 8 mm., dark brown below, paler above, attenuated downwards, rooting, smooth. Gills tawny umber, rounded behind, slightly adnate, very broad, 12 mm. Flesh white, brownish at the base of the stem, thick at the disc. Amongst grass. Sept. Rare. 1134. N. reducta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 125, fig. 3. Reducta, reduced. P. 8-20 mm., olivaceous, or fuscous honey colour, dirty tan colour when dry, membranaceous, convex, then plane, sometimes umbonate, hygrophanous, smooth, then pruinose under a lens, striate to the disc when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., amber fuscous, apex paler, pruinose, slightly attenuated upwards, tough, flexuose, soft and splitting, smooth. Gills dirty yellow, or pale ochraceous, then ferrugi- nous, adnate, or rounded and separating, broad, ventricose, somewhat crowded. Flesh subconcolorous, slightly thick at the disc. Spores "ochraceous, pruniform, oblong, 10/x, punctate" Quel. Boggy woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. III. P. flocculose, or squamulose. Veil manifest. Spores ferruginous. *Squamules of p. superficial, separating. 1135. N. porriginosa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 511, t. 510. Porriginosa, full of scurf. P. 2-5-5 cm., tawny, tan colour when dry, fleshy, hemispherical, then convex, hardly expanded, very obtuse, viscid when moist, covered with superficial, fugacious, saffron coloured squamules; margin striate when old. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid, equal, more or less fibrillosely silky, base white villose. Gills yellow, then tawny cinnamon, adnate, often with a small decurrent tooth, crowded. Flesh lemon yellow, thick at the disc. Amongst twigs, and rubbish. Oct. Rare. NATTCORIA 359 1136. N. sobria Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 512, t. 511, fig. A. Sobria, sober, not bibulous. P. 620 mm., honey colour, disc darker, becoming pale, fleshy, con- vex, obtuse, or umbonate, slightly viscid, margin appendiculate with the silky, fugacious veil. St. 3-4 cm. x 2 mm., pallid upwards, ferrugi- nous fuscous downwards, slightly firm, somewhat tough, straight, or slightly bent, equal, often sprinkled with whitish spots, the remains of the veil, apex often mealy. Gills paler than the p., then saffron, with the edge whitish or yellowish floccose, obtusely adnate, broader behind, plane, 3 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh pallid, somewhat ferruginous towards the base of the st., thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, or pip- shaped, 6-7 x 4/i. Charcoal heaps, and on the ground in woods. July Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. dispersa B. & Br. Dispersa, scattered. Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the punctulate p. and the appendiculate ring on the st. Lawns. July. Rare. **P. with innate squamules. N. erinacea Fr. = Pholiota erinacea (Fr.) Quel. 1137. N. siparia Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 126, fig. 2. Siparium, a little curtain. Entirely rufous ferruginous. P. 6-20 mm., fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, densely villoso-squamulose, moist. St. 12-5 cm. x 2mm., fragile, equal, tense and straight, densely sheathed with the scaly, villose, downy veil; apex ochraceous, pruinose. Gills ochraceous, then ferruginous, adnate, quaternate, subdistant, edge flocculose. Flesh concolorous, becoming yellowish, thick, soft. Spores pale ferruginous, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 6-7 /LI, 1-guttulate. On wood, dead branches, earth, dead fern stems, and caddis worm cases. July Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 1138. N. conspersa (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 514, t. 512, fig. A. Conspersa, besprinkled. P. 1-2-5 cm., bay brown, or rufous cinnamon, ochraceous when dry, fragile, very hygrophanous, fleshy, campanulato-convex, then flat- tened, obtuse, even, soon furfuraceous and broken up into small scales. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., cinnamon, ochraceous when dry, equal, fibrillose, apex squamuloso-furfuraceous, base white tomentose. Gills dark cinna- mon, adnate, then em&Tgiji&to-separating, linear, or ventricose, crowded. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores "ferruginous, elliptical, 9-11 x 5-6 /*" Karst. Gregarious. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. uliginosa Fr. Uligo, marshy ground. Differs from the type in being twice or thrice as large in all its parts, in the fuscous rufescent, umbonate pileus, the long, twisted, umber st. 360 NAUCORIA and the broader gills. Bogs, and amongst Sphagnum. Aug. Un- common. (v.v.) 1139. N. escharoides Fr. eV^apoiS?;?, scab-like. P. 1-2 cm., tan, then whitish, disc at length becoming fuscous, fleshy, soft, conico-convex, soon flattened, obtuse, flocculoso-furfuraceous. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid, at length becoming fuscous, fragile, equal, flexuose, adpressedly fibrillose, or floccose, becoming smooth, apex pruinose. Gills pallid tan, then somewhat cinnamon, edge often pale and floccose, adfixed, or decurrent with a tooth, at length emargi- nate, somewhat free, ventricose, 3-4 mm. broad, lax. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, 11-12 x 6/z, 1-guttulate. Alder swamps, and bare damp ground. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1140. N. Wieslandri Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 126, fig. 3. J. Wieslander. P. 2-4 mm., tawny, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, but the cuticle is soon areolately rivulose, hence spotted with darker, crowded, wart-like papillae. St. 5 cm. x 1 mm., becoming black, flaccid, almost naked. Gills at length dark ferruginous, adnate, broad. Flesh ferruginous, thin. Amongst short grass in woods. Sept. Kare. ***P. destitute of scales, silky, or sprinkled with atoms. 1141. N. carpophila Fr. (= Galera carpophila (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 126, fig. 4. Aca/mo?, fruit; </>t\o<?, loving. P. 2-10 mm., tan, pallid, or whitish when dry, hygrophanous, sub- membranaceous, convex, obtuse, furfurate with shining atoms, some- times also floccoso-squamulose, striate, diaphanous ; margin crenulate with furfuraceous, fugacious flocci. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., pallid, firm, furfuraceous, then naked. Gills pallid, then ochraceous, rounded, adnexed, somewhat free, ventricose, broad, subdistant, often crenu- late. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores "rusty-yellowish in the mass, subpyriform, 7-8 x 4-5 /x, smooth. Cystidia on the edge of the gill filamentous-subulate" Kick. Beech leaves and mast. May Oct. Kare. (v.v.) 1142. N. graminicola (Nees) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 515, t. 513, fig. B. Gramen, grass; colo, I inhabit. P. 5-8 mm., fuscous, then fawn ochraceous, submembranaceous, convex, papillate, shaggy tomentose. St. 1-5-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., be- coming fuscous, apex pale, tough, equal, hairy. Gills pale ochraceous, then pale cinnamon, slightly adnexed, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/A, 1-3-guttu- late. On grass stalks, and dead Pteris stalks. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) * NAUCORIA. PSILOCYBE 361 1143. N. effugiens Quel. (= Crepidotus EuU Berk. sec. Quel.) Quel. Jur. et Vosg. n, t. 2, fig. 3. Effugiens, escaping notice. P. 5-8 mm., ochraceous, then pale olivaceous greyish, convex, then plane, globose, diaphanous, covered with shining crystalline grains. St. 5x1 mm., cream olivaceous, curved, mealy, base villose. Gills cream colour, then brown, or olive, sinuato-free, or decurrent by a tooth. Flesh olivaceous, thin. Spores brown, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/A, with a large central gutta. Dead twigs and branches of pear. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) Spores purple, or fuscous. Psilocybe Fr. (^4X09, naked; KV@r), head.) Pileus fleshy, regular; margin at first incurved. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, sinuato-adnate, or adnexed. Spores purple, fuscous, rarely pinkish fuscous ; elliptical, pip-shaped, almond- shaped or oblong elliptical; smooth, or verrucose, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, or on wood, solitary, gregarious, caespitose, or subcaespitose. I. Veil accidental, rarely conspicuous. St. thick-skinned, flexile, most frequently coloured. P. pelliculose, most frequently slightly viscid in wet weather, becoming somewhat pale. Colour of p. bright. *Gills ventricose, not decurrent. 1144. P. sarcocephala Fr. (= Psathyra sarcocephala (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 135, fig. 1. crdp%, flesh; cee^aX?;, head. P. 3-12 cm., ferruginous, becoming pale, fleshy, convex, then ex- panded, obtuse, smooth, dry. St. 5-12 x -5-2 cm., whitish, sometimes becoming slightly ferruginous, equal, or slightly attenuated downwards, firm, smooth, apex white mealy, and somewhat squamulose. Gills whitish, then flesh colour and at length fuscous, adnate, ventricose, 8-13 mm. broad, thick, fragile, not crowded. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores pinkish fuscous, oblong elliptical, 9-10 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia broadly lanceolate, acute, 50-60 x 12-18 /JL. Taste pleasant. Edible. Solitary, or caespitose. Often at the base of trees. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. Cookei Sacc. Cke. Illus. no. 591, t. 620. M. C. Cooke, the eminent English mycologist. Differs from the type in the larger, ochraceous, radiately rivulose, atlengthumbilicatep. Base of trees. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 362 PSILOCYBE 1145. P. atrobrunnea (Lasch) Fr. Ater, black; brunnea, brown. P. 25 cm., brownish, fleshy, thin, campanulate, then convex, um- bonate. St. 6-12-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., paler than the p., fibrillose, apex white-mealy. Gills becoming brownish, adnexed, then separating, sub- distant, somewhat thick, wide. Spores dark brown, "9-12 x 5-6/x" Sacc. Smell and taste of radish. Marshes amongst Sphagna. Eare. 1146. P. nemophila Fr. 1/6/409, wood; <j>i\of, loving. P. 4-10 cm., brick red, paler at the margin, fleshy, convex, obtuse, smooth. St. 7-10 x 1 cm., concolorous but paler, fusiformly attenuated downwards, naked. Gills pallid, deeply decurrent, very narrow, edge crisped and dentate. On the ground, under old trees. Eare. 1147. P. helvola (Schaeff.) Massee. Schaeff. Icon. t. 210. Helvola, pale yellow. P. 2-4 cm., tawny ochraceous, disc darker, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, the cuticle often cracked into patches near the disc. St. 4-6 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, or tinged ochraceous, equal, fibrillose, often twisted ; base white, thickened, downy. Gills purplish umber, clouded, edge white, adnate, then separating from the st., broad, rather distant. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores "purplish brown, obliquely elliptical, ends pointed, 9-10 x 4-5 /A, warted" Massee. Amongst grass. Sept. Eare. 1148. P. ericaea (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 136, fig. 1. epeiKt), heath. P. 2-4 cm., tawny ferruginous, tawny yellow, or date brown, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, slightly viscid when wet, dry and shining when dry. St. 7-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., paler than the p., be- coming yellowish, equal, tough, somewhat smooth, or silky. Gills pallid, becoming blackish, adnate, narrowed behind, 6-8 mm. broad, plane, edge whitish. Flesh yellow, thin. Spores fuliginous, broadly elliptical, 12-14 x 7-8 /LI. Cystidia "on surface of gill sparse, clavate with a prominent point, 30-36 x 9-10/i, contents yellowish, on edge of gill filamentous" Eick. Heaths, and damp pastures. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 1149. P. subericaea Fr. (= Psilocybe ericaea (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 136, fig. 2. Sub, somewhat; ericaea, the species P. ericaea P. 3-5 cm., tawny, fleshy, convex, then plane, smooth. St. 2-5-6 cm. x 2-5 mm., becoming yellow, equal, tough, smooth. Gills pallid, then fuscous purple, sinuato-adnate, 5-10 mm. broad. Flesh yellow, thin. Spores fuliginous purple, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4/i. Heaths, and grassy places. June Sept. Common, (v.v.) PSILOCYBE 363 1150. P. uda (Pers.) Fr. (= Flammuloides uda (Pers.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 594, t. 569. Uda, moist. P. 1-2-5 cm., brick tawny, becoming pale, fleshy, convex, then flat- tened, often more or less umbonate, smooth, slightly wrinkled when old; margin often striate. St. 4 7-5 cm. x 2 4 mm., tawny ferrugi- nous, apex paler, equal, flexuose, fibrillose. Gills pallid, then becoming fuscous purple, adfixed, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad, lax, plane, or convex. Flesh yellow, ferruginous towards the base of the st., thin. Spores purple, broadly elliptical, 8-11 x 5-6 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Cys- tidia "on the edge of the gill clavate-filamentous, 45-50 x 3-4/x" Rick. Swampy places and amongst Sphagna. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. Polytrichi Fr. Polytrichum, a genus of mosses. Differs from the type in the p. being pallid yellow, becoming whitish especially at the margin, and at length plane and depressed, in the glabrous, pallid tawny st., and the whitish clouded gills at length be- coming decurrent, never becoming purple but often greenish. Amongst Polytricha. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. elongata (Pers.) Fr. Elongata, tall. Differs from the type in the submembranaceous p. being livid, or greenish yellow, and striate when moist, becoming yellowish when dry. Amongst Sphagna in mountain pine woods. 1151. P. canofaciens Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 595, t. 621. Canus, hoa,Ty,faciens, making. P. 2-4 cm., dark bay brown, disc ferruginous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, scarcely umbonate, clad everywhere as well as the st. with delicate, scattered, white hairs, which are soon evanescent at the apex; margin appendiculate with the white, fibrillose veil. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, base very dark, subequal. Gills dark umber, adnate, 6 mm. broad, ventricose. Flesh of the p. pallid, of the st. rufescent, gradually darker downwards, thick at the disc. Spores umber brown, elliptic oblong, 17 x 8, 10 x 4ju. Caespitose. Rotten straw, and rubbish. May. Rare. 1152. P. areolata (Klotzsch) Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 596, t. 570. Areolata, divided into small patches. P. 3-7-5 cm., ochraceous, or fuscous, fleshy, convex, minutely fibrillose, cuticle cracking into nearly equal, square patches, interstices and margin pale. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., dirty white, equal, often thickened at the base, fibrillose. Gills umber, at length blackish, edge white and beaded with drops of moisture, adnate, 4-6 mm. broad. Flesh tinged brown, thick at the disc. Spores "blackish umber with a purple tinge, broadly almond-shaped, 12-13 x 8/u." Massee. Densely caespitose. On wood. Gardens. May Oct. Rare. 364 PSILOCYBB 1153. P. virescens (Cke. & Massee) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1182, t. 1177, as Psilocybe areolata Klot. var. Virescens, growing green. P. 3-5 cm., bright dark brown, fleshy, convex, obtuse, then ex- panded, minutely silky when young, the brown cuticle breaking up into persistent, angular patches, the interstices being clear pale green, becoming yellowish with age. St. 4-5 cm. x 6 mm., pale green, and strongly striate at the apex, ferruginous below, base snow-white, downy, equal, smooth, firm, straight, or slightly incurved. Grills pallid, then smoky purple, edge pale, adnexed, 6 mm. broad, rather crowded, soft. Flesh whitish, ferruginous towards the base of the St., thick at the disc. Spores sooty purple, elliptical, ends obtuse, 9 x 5/u. Solitary. On rotten chips, and stumps. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1154. P. agraria Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 137, fig. 1. Agraria, pertaining to land. P. 2-5-5 cm., white, becoming cinereous when dry, fleshy, convex, at length flattened and then often umbonate, smooth. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, equal, smooth. Gills white, at length fuscous, obtusely adnate, linear. Flesh white, firm, not 2 mm. thick. Clay fields, and about the roots of decayed trees. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1155. P. chondrodenna B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 599, t. 606, fig. A. %6vSpo<;, grain; Sep/j,a, skin. P. 2-3 cm., dark dale brown, fleshy, campanulate, very smooth, cracked here and there in different directions; margin appendiculate with the woven, jagged veil. St. 4-5 cm. x 5-6 mm., paler than the p., subequal, fibrillose, base squamulose. Gills dark brown, edge white, adfixed, separating, ventricose. Flesh yellowish, ferruginous towards the base of the st., thick at the disc. Spores "purple black, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-3-5/z" Massee. Fir woods. Sept. Rare. 1156. P. scobicola B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 598, t. 607. Scobis, saw-dust; colo, I inhabit. P. 2-5-4 cm., white, fleshy, convex, umbilicate, smooth. St. 2-5- 4 cm. x 4 mm., whitish, subequal, or dilated at the apex, fibrillose. Gills brown with a red tinge, adnexed, broad. Flesh white, thin. Spores pale, elliptical, 8 x 5/A. On pine sawdust, and branches. Nov. Rare. **Gills plane, very broad behind, somewhat decurrent. (Deconica W. G. Sm.) 1157. P. ammophila (Dur. & Mont.) Fr. (= Hypholoma ammo- philum (Mont.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 599, t. 606, fig. B. a//,/io<?, sand; </>tA.o9, loving. P. 2-4 cm., reddish tan, becoming paler, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, and at length flattened, fibrillose. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., PSILOCYBE 365 white, becoming yellowish except at the apex, equal, basal half clavate, densely covered with matted mycelium and sunk in the sand, sometimes fusiform and rooting, striate. Gills smoky, then bistre purple, sub- decurrent with a tooth, 4 mm. broad. Flesh white, yellowish at the base of the st., very thin at the margin. Spores purple, broadly ellip- tical, 11-12 x 7-8 /z. Sands on the sea shore. Aug. Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) 1158. P. coprophila (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 600, t. 608, fig. A. /eoTTjOO?, dung; <tXo?, loving. P. 23 cm., rufescent tan, fleshy, hemispherical, then expanded, umbonate, slightly viscid, smooth. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., rufescent, becoming pale, attenuated upwards, at first containing a pith, shaggy- flocculose, the smooth and shining apex pruinose. Veil reddish, floccose, very fugacious Gills livid, then fuscous, somewhat arcuato- decurrent, very broad, 4-6 mm., crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores purple, "nearly lemon-shaped, 11-12 x 7 8ju,, smooth, with a very thick membrane. Cystidia cylindric-fusif orm, 40-50 x 8-10 p, " Rick. On dung, especially cow and rabbit. Pastures, and manure heaps. Sept. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1159. P. bullacea (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 600, t. 608, fig. B. Bullacea, having a knob. P. 1-2 cm., dark bay brown tawny, then ochraceous brick and tan when dry, fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, then expanded, umbonate, covered with a viscid, separable pellicle, striate ; margin at first appen- diculate with the white, floccose, fugacious veil. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 2 mm., slightly tawny, becoming yellow, fuscous ferruginous at the base, equal, or attenuated at the base, slightly fibrillose, apex pruinose. Gills livid-whitish, then fuscous purple, adnate, somewhat triangular, plane, crowded. Flesh brown, very thin at the margin. Spores purple, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4-5 p. Cystidia "on the edge of the gill, filamentous " Rick. Gregarious. Horse dung, pastures, and amongst Polytricha. April Oct. Common, (v.v.} 1160. P. physaloides (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 601, t. 609, fig. A. <f>v<ra\i<;, a bladder; etSo?, like. P. 11-5 cm., fuscous purple, then tan, or flesh colour, paler round the margin, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, at length flattened, with a prominent umbo, finally depressed round the umbo, often striate, pelliculoso-viscid, smooth, shining. St. 23 cm. x 2 mm., becoming pale, base date brown, equal, filiform, flexile, adpressedly fibrillose. Gills pallid, or flesh colour, then ferruginous-fuscous, adnate, subde- current, equally attenuated from the st. Flesh whitish, subferruginous at the base of the st., thin. Spores "yellowish under the microscope, 366 PSILOCYBE oval, 8-9 x 5-6 /u-. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous" Eick. Heaths, pastures, rarely on dung. Feb. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1161. P. atrorufa (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaefl. Icon. t. 234. Ater, black; rufa, red. P. 1-1-5 cm., black-rufous, or purple-fuscous, becoming very pale when dry, fleshy, hemispherico-convex, obtuse, or with a knob, smooth, striate at the margin when in full vigour, without striae when dry. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid date brown, equal, fibrillose, or smooth, fragile, apex pruinose. Gills greyish, then umber, or purple umber, adnate, subdecurrent, triangular, broad, edge white. Flesh thin. Spores "yellowish under the microscope, oval-elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/1. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform-subulate, 30-36 x 4-6 /u," Rick. Mixed woods. Nov. Rare. 1162. P. nuciseda Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 601, t. 609, fig. B. Nux, a nut; sedeo, I sit. P. 1-2 cm., light yellowish, fleshy, convex, subumbonate, slightly silky when dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, becoming fuscous, at- tenuated downwards, tough, base white villose. Gills fuscous, then umber black, adnate, scarcely decurrent, broad, plane. Flesh yellow- ish, thin. Spores "brown, elliptical, 8 x 4/u," Massee. Beech mast, hazel nuts, and among chips. Rare. ***Gills somewhat linear, ascending. 1163. P. tegularis (Schum.) Fr. Tegula, a tile. P. tan colour, fleshy, acorn-shaped, then campanulate, smooth, rimosely areolate. St. pallid, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, firm. Gills becoming fuscous, attenuato-adnexed, ascending, crowded. Grassy places. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1164. P. compta Fr. (= Agaricus comptulus B. & Br. non Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 603, t. 589, fig. A. Compta, adorned. P. 2-5-4 cm., pallid, then ochraceous, submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, striate, sprinkled with shining spots; margin sub- crenulate. St. 5 cm. x 23 mm., pallid, pale rufous downwards, flexuose, silky-shining. Gills rosy umber, adnate, ascending, distant. Flesh white, thin. Spores purple brown. Amongst grass. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1165. P. semilanceata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 604, t. 572. Semi-, half; lanceata, spear-shaped. P. 1-2-5 cm., yellow, green, or fuscous, submembranaceous, acutely conical, almost cuspidate, 10-15 mm. high, never expanded, covered with a viscid pellicle, separable in wet weather; margin incurved when PSILOCYBE 367 young, slightly striate. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, equal, often flexuose, containing a pith, capable of being twisted round the finger, smooth, cortinate when young. Gills cream colour, then purple black, ascending into the apex of the cone, adnexed, almost linear, crowded. Flesh white, thin. Spores purple, 11-13 x 6-7-5 ju,. Cystidia on edge of gill flask-shaped, or fusiform-subulate, 18-22 x 5-7 /n. Woods, heaths, pastures, and roadsides. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 605, t. 573. Caerulescens, becoming blue. Differs from the type in the base of the st. turning indigo-blue. Heaths, and pastures. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1166. P. callosa Fr. Pers. Myc. Eur. t. 27, fig. 3. Callosa, thick-skinned. P. 1-2 cm., livid, becoming fuscous, yellow, or whitish, fleshy, conical, then campanulato-convex, obtuse, or broadly gibbous, smooth, dry. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., yellowish, becoming pallid, equal, often flexuose, smooth, tough. Gills cream colour, then fuliginous black, adnate, ascending, ventricose, crowded. Flesh thin. Spores "dark to dark brown, elliptic-oval, triangular-globose, of various sizes and shapes, 5-11 x 4-6 /A" Herpell. Pastures, lawns, and roadsides. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. II. No veil. St. rigid. P. scarcely with a pellicle, but the flesh most frequently scissile, hygrophanous. Gills adnexed, very rarely adnate. 1167. P. canobmnnea (Batsch) Fr. (= Psathyra canobrunnea (Batsch) Quel.) Canus, hoary; brunnea, brown. P. 5-8 cm., watery pallid, or fuscous flesh colour, becoming pallid tan, dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, sometimes cracked into small squares, somewhat viscid when moist. St. 5-6 cm. x 6- 10 mm., whitish, rigid, equal, rooting at the base, squamulose. Gills pallid, then fuscous purple, somewhat free, ventricose, 6 mm. broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores "very dark in the mass, narrowly elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/x, brown, almost opaque. Cys- tidia on edge of gill clavate-filamentous, 45-50 x 5-7 JM" Rick. Soli- tary, or laxly gregarious. Grassy places in woods, and burnt ground in beech woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 1168. P. spadicea Fr. (= Psathyra spadicea (Fr.) Quel.) Spadicea, date brown. P. 3-12 cm., date-brown-umber, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, smooth, moist in rainy weather, often broken up in cracks when dry, hygrophanous] margin inflexed when 368 PSILOCYBE young. St. 4-10 cm. x 3-10 mm., white, firm, subcartilaginous, equal, often curved, smooth, silky. Grills whitish, then flesh colour, at length umber, rounded adnexed, crowded, arid. Flesh whitish, soft, somewhat thick at the disc. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 9 x 5-6/u,, 1- guttulate. Solitary, or subcaespitose. On stumps, and on the ground. Woods, and pastures. April Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. hygrophila Fr. 7/309, moisture ; (1X09, loving. Differs from the type in its larger size, the bullate p., the long, 10 15 cm., subfusiform rooting st., and the emarginate gills deeply decurrent in the form of lines. Base of ash trees, and stumps. Oct. Eare. var. polycephala Fr. TroXv?, many; Ke^a\f], head. Differs from the type in the more slender, densely crowded pilei, and the connately branched, thinner, flexuose stems. Prostrate trunks. Rare. 1169. P. cernua (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (= Psathyra cernua (Fl. Dan.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 607, t. 574. Cernua, nodding. P. 2-5-6 cm., livid, inclining to pale when moist, white when dry, hygrophanous, fleshy, fragile, campanulate, then flattened, obtuse, smooth, or atomate under a lens, slightly wrinkled when dry, often slightly pellucid-striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 3-4 mm., shining white, equal, round, rigid-fragile, sometimes curved, smooth, apex mealy. Gills white, then cinereous-blackish, adnate, at first linear, then ventricose, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores "dark brown in the mass, brown under the microscope, subcylindrical, 7-8 x 3-4/A, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill clavate-bottle-shaped, 36-40 x 12-20 ju," Rick. Solitary, or gregarious. On dead wood, chips, leaves. Aug. Dec. Uncommon. 1170. P. squalens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 137, fig. 2. Squakns, dirty. P. 2*5-5 cm., ferruginous, with a lurid tinge, becoming pale and dirty tan when dry, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or depressed, smooth. St. 2-55 cm. x 24 mm., concolorous, equal, slightly rigid, obsoletely fibrillose, apex somewhat pruinose, striate. Gills clay colour, then umber cinnamon, adnato-decurrent, ventricose, 4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh becoming whitish, thin. Spores fuscous ferruginous. Solitary, or subcaespitose. On rotten trunks. Rare. 1171. P. hebes Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 137, fig. 3, minor. Hebes, blunt. P. 23 cm., lurid, pale when dry, hygrophanous, fleshy, convex, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, somewhat viscid, slightly striate at the margin when moist, even when dry. St. 4-5 cm. x 4 mm., becoming pale white, cartilaginous, rigid, equal, smooth. Gills white, becoming f us- PSILOCYBE. PANAEOLUS 369 cous, wholly adnate, very broad behind, triangular, rigid, arid, crowded. Flesh cinereous, thin at the margin. Spores black purple, "elliptical, 14-16 x 7/x"Massee. Commonly solitary. On trunks in beech woods, and amongst grass and leaves near chestnut trees. Nov. Rare. 1172. P. foenisecii (Pers.) Fr. (== Psathyra foenisecii (Pers.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 608, t. 590. Foenisecia, hay-harvest. P. 1-5-2-5 cm., pale fuliginous fuscous, or brown, becoming pak from the disc outwards in drying, fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, smooth, slightly wrinkled in very dry weather. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2- 4 mm., rufescent, at first paler and white pulverulent, somewhat pubescent, then naked, equal, rigid fragile, tense and straight. Gills inclining to fuscous, livid fuscous at the sides, then umber, adnate, ven- tricose in front, hence appearing broadly emarginate, subdistant, edge white. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores cinereous purple, almond-shaped, 12-15 x 7-9/z. Cystidia on edge of gill cylindrical, flexuose, apex obtuse, 4-7 /z in diam., base ventricose, 29-42 x 9-1 1/z. Taste mild. Edible. Pastures, lawns, heaths, and roadsides. Feb. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1173. P. clivensis B. & Br. Cke. lUus. no. 1183, t. 969. Clivensis, belonging to a hill. P. 2-3 cm., pallid brown, then pallid ochre inclining to white, sub- hemispherical, smooth, sprinkled with shining particles; margin striate. St. 2-54 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, nearly equal, base slightly clavate, somewhat silky. Gills umber, edge white, adnate, widely emarginate, 45 mm. broad, ventricose in front. Flesh brownish, becoming whitish, thin. Spores cinereous purple, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 6-7 /z, 1-2- guttulate. Heaths, and pastures. June Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1174. P. catervata Massee. Catervata, crowded. P. 1-1-5 cm., snow white, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, satiny. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, usually rather wavy, shining, brittle. Gills grey, then brown with a tinge of purple, edge white, slightly ad- nexed, rather broad, crowded. Flesh white, rather thick. Spores brown with a purple tinge, elliptic-oblong, 12 x 4ju,. Densely fascicu- late. On the ground. Oct. Rare. P. spadiceo-grisea (SchaefL) Boud. = Psathyra spadiceo-grisea (Schaeff.) Fr. Spores black, or blackish. Panaeolus Fr. (Travaio\o<$, all variegated.) Pileus slightly fleshy, regular, viscid, or dry, margin exceeding the gills. Gills adnate, or adnexed, variegated with the dark spores. Spores black, or fuscous black, elliptical, oblong ovate, boat-shaped, B, B. B. 24 370 PANAEOLUS or almond-shaped; smooth, with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia present. Growing on dung and rich soil, solitary, or caespitose. *P. viscid, shining when dry. 1175. P. leucophanes B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 625, t. 927, fig. A. \evic6$, white; <f>at,va), I appear. P. 2-3 cm., white, here and there somewhat ochraceous, campanulate, obtuse, viscid, shining when dry, innately silky; margin appendiculate with the veil. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, attenuated upwards, fibrillose, sprinkled with mealy particles, somewhat transversely un- dulated. Gills pallid grey flesh colour, then black, adnate, edge white. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores black, "red-brown under the microscope, elliptical, with a flattened germ-pore, 10-12 x 6-7 /*. Cystidia on edge of gill clavate-vesiculose, 30-36 x 9-lOju," Kick. Pastures. Aug. Rare. 1176. P. egregius Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 624, t. 624. Egregius, distinguished. P. 4-5 cm., bright orange brown, disc darker, fleshy, ovate-campanu- late, 6 cm. high, smooth, viscid when moist, with a trace of agglutinated down, slightly wrinkled when dry; margin exceeding the gills. St. 12-5 cm. x 12 mm., pale brown, duller than the p., slightly thickened at the base, fibrillose, readily splitting longitudinally, base white and cottony, apex smooth. Gills brownish black, with a tinge of purple at maturity, adnexed, ventricose, 12 mm. broad, thin, crowded, dry, not deliquescent; edge paler. Flesh ochraceous, thick at the disc. Spores brown, then blackish, oblong ovate, with a minute apiculus, 15-17 x 7-8/x,. Solitary. On the ground. Jan. Rare. 1177. P. phalaenamm Fr. <f>d\cuva, a moth. P. 14 cm., clay white, fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, viscid, smooth ; margin appendiculate with the fugacious veil. St. 6-10 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid rufescent, equal, slightly firm, pruinose. Gills grey, then cinereous black, adnexed, broad. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores black, "elliptical, 10 x 6/n" Massee. On dung, especially cow. Rich pas- tures. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) **P. moist, opaque, bibulous, subflocculose when dry. 1178. P. retirugis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 628, t. 627. Rete, a net; ruga, a wrinkle. P. 13 cm.., flesh tan colour, or pale grey, fleshy, globose, then hemi- spherical, often subumbonate, reticulate with raised ribs, atomate, opaque; margin appendiculate with the dentate, torn, fugacious veil. St. 5-9 cm. x 2-4 mm., flesh colour, becoming purple, equal, pruinose. Gills cinereous blackish, adfixed, ascending. Flesh thin. Spores black, "olive black under the microscope, nearly lemon-shaped, 12-14 x 8- PAN AEOLUS 371 9/M, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous-clavate, 30-36 x 5- 6/z" Rick. On dung. Pastures, and parks. April Nov. Not un- common, (v.v.) 1179. P. sphinctrinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 629, t. 628. a-faytcTijp, a band. P. 1-3 cm., fuliginous, or fuliginous grey, livid when dry, hygro- phanous, fleshy, oval, then campanulate, 2-2-5 cm. high, never ex- panded, obtuse, always opaque, moist in rainy weather, somewhat silky when dry; margin crenate with the appendiculate, fugacious, white veil. St. 2*5 7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., fuliginous grey, tense and straight, equal, fragile, pruinose, apex smooth. Gills cinereous blackish, adnate, ascending, crowded, edge often white. Flesh reddish, fairly thick. Spores black, globose-elliptical, 13-14 x 9-10/z, with a hyaline germ- pore at each end. Cystidia on the edge of the gill cylindrical, flexuose, apex obtuse, 4-5 p in diam., base often subventricose, 30-38 x 6-7 fj,. Rich pastures, and garden soil. April Nov. Common. (v.v.) ***P. dry, smooth, slightly shining, not zoned. 1180. P. campanulatus (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 630, t. 629. Campanulatus, bell-shaped. P. 13 cm., fuscous fuliginous, rufescent when dry, fleshy, campanu- late, at length convex, often umbonate, slightly viscid when moist, then somewhat shining, often excoriated when dry. St. 6-9 cm. x 2-4 mm., rufescent, whitish pruinose at first, equal, tense and straight, apex striate. Grills varying grey and black, adnate, ascending, crowded, edge often white, and distilling watery drops. Flesh reddish, thin. Spores black, almond-shaped, 10-12 x J-Sp,. Cystidia cylindrical, flexuose, apex obtuse, 4-6/z in diam., 35-40 x 7-9 /z. On dung, especially horse. Pastures, and gardens. June Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1181. P. papilionaceus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 631, t. 630. Papilionaceus, like a butterfly. P. 2-4 cm., pallid, or pale grey, disc reddish, hemispherical, pruinose, rimosely cracked when dry. St. 2-5-7 cm. x 3-6 mm., whitish, equal, or attenuated downwards, apex white pulverulent. Gills blackish, broadly adnate, 6-15 mm. broad, at length plane, edge often white. Flesh pallid, then whitish, thick at the disc. Spores black, almond- shaped, 14-15 x 7-8 JM, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-capitate, 30-36 x 6-7 /A" Rick. On dung, and on the ground. Pastures, and woods. June Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1182. P. caliginosus (Jungh.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 632, t. 631, fig. A. Caliginosus, dark. P. 1-2 cm., brown, fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, smooth. St. 4-7 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, equal, even, naked. Veil very thin, or obsolete. 242 372 PANAEOLUS Gills fuliginous black, slightly adnexed, ascending, lanceolate. Flesh thin. Spores "blackish, elliptical, 10 x 6-7 /A" Massee. Rich pas- tures, and lawns. Oct. Nov. Rare. ****P. dry, smooth, zoned round the margin. 1183. P. subbalteatus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 632, t. 631, fig. B. Sub, somewhat; balteatus, belted. P. 25 cm., dull deep fawn colour, pallid when dry, hygrophanous, fleshy, convex, margin slightly incurved, then expanded, obtuse, or slightly umbonate, irregular, slightly wrinkled, marked near the margin with a dark, narrow zone. St. 5-8 cm. x 2 mm., red brown, equal, brittle, stringy, splitting longitudinally, marked with short white fibrils. Gills brownish, adnate, slightly ventricose, edge white, slightly toothed. Flesh brownish, thick at the disc. Spores "black, opaque, almost lemon-shaped, 13-14 x 8-9/A. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous, with a brown apex, 36-45 x 6-7 /u," Rick. Caespitose. In a tare-field. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1184. P. acuminatus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 633, t. 632, fig. A. Acuminatus, pointed. P. 1-5-2-5 cm., flesh tan colour, fleshy, conical, acuminate, smooth, shining, zoned with a blackish line round the margin which is at first crenulate. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid above, fuscous below, equal, pruinose, base thickened. Gills whitish, then blackish, adnexed, ventricose, broad. Flesh pallid, fuscous towards the base of the st., thin. Spores black, "opaque when mature, lemon-shaped, 12-15 x 8-10ju. Cystidia on edge of gill filamentous, 50-70 x 4-6 /x" Rick. On dung. Pastures, and roadsides. Oct. Nov. Rare. 1185. P. fimicola Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 633, t. 632, fig. B. Fimus, dung; colo, I inhabit. P. 1-2 cm., fuliginous grey, clay hoary when dry, fleshy, campanu- late, then convex, obtuse, smooth, opaque, marked round the margin with a narrow fuscous zone, and inside this with a white one. St. 5-10 crn. x 2 mm., becoming dingy pale, equal, soft-fragile, obsoletely slightly silky striate, apex white pruinose. Gills variegated grey and fuliginous, adnate, slightly rounded, somewhat ventricose, broad, almost semi-ovate, edge often white. Flesh grey white, thin. Spores brownish black, "nearly transparent, subelliptical, 11-12 x 7-8 p,, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill, cylindrical-filamentous, rarely flask- shaped, 40-50 x 6-12/i" Rick. On dung. Rich pastures. April Oct. Uncommon. var. cinctnhis (Bolt.) Cke. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 152. Cinctulus, a little girdle. Differs from the type in the reddish cinnamon p. with broad brown PANAEOLUS. MYCENA 373 marginal zone, and the dingy brown st. On dunghills after rain. June July. Not found since the time of Bolton. P. caudatus (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyrella caudate Fr. P. atomatus (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyrella atomata Fr. tfMargin of pileus straight, at first adpressed to the stem. Spores white. Mycena Fr. (jiv/cr)*;, a fungus.) Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, regular; margin straight, never incurved. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, or sinuato- adnate with a decurrent tooth. Spores white, elliptical, oval, globose, or oblong elliptical; smooth, punctate, or verrucose; continuous. Cystidia present, very rarely absent. Growing on the ground, or on wood; solitary, or caespitose. I. St. juiceless, base not dilated into a disc. Edge of gills darker, denticulate. 1186. M. pelianthina Fr. (= Mycena denticulata (Bolt.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 216, t. 156, fig. 1. 7T\iaivojjiai, to be livid. P. 2-4 cm., pale purple livid, becoming whitish when dry, diaphanous, fleshy, convex, obtuse, or obsoletely umbonate; margin striate. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-5 mm., concolorous, equal, sometimes incurved at the base, firm, apex fibrillosely striate. Gills dark violaceous, edge blackish violet, denticulate, truncato-adnexed, very sinuate, distant, very ele- gantly connected by a network of veins. Flesh whitish, somewhat yellow- ish under the pellicle of the p., thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 67 x 3jii, 1-2-guttulate. Basidia clavate, with 4-sterigmata. Cys- tidia filled with a dark purplish juice or colourless, cylindric-fusiform, 60-100 x 10-12jLt. Smell of radish. Amongst dead leaves in woods, especially beech. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1187. M. carneosanguinea Eea. Caro, flesh; sanguinea, blood-red. P. 2-5-3 cm., livid grey, disc tinging rufous, becoming paler, fleshy, convex, subumbonate, smooth. St. 4 cm. x 5-9 mm., grey, equal, base yellowish, incrassated, clad with short mycelial strands. Gills dull purplish brown, adnate, broad in front; edge denticulate, blood-red. Flesh of p. and apex of st. white, changing to blood-red. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-3/x, 1-guttulate. Woods. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1188. M. marginella Fr. (= Mycena mirabilis Cke. & Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1148, t. 951, fig. A, as Mycena mirabilis Cke. & Quel. Margo, a border. P. 6-8 mm., somewhat fuscous when young, fleshy, campanulate, umbo darker, smooth, slightly striate elsewhere and somewhat 374 MYCENA azure-blue-floccose. St. 6-7 cm. x 1-2 mm., azure-blue-floccose, equal, tomentosely rooting. Gills white, or cinereous, slightly adnexed, dis- tant; edge fringed with azure-blue, or red floccules. Flesh tinged with blue, thin at the margin. Spores white. Fir trunks amongst Hypnum cupressiforme. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 1189. M. avenacea (Fr.) Schroet. Avenacea, oaten. P. 1-2-5 cm., dirty yellowish brown, disc often darker and obtusely umbonate, submembranaceous, campanulate, 1 cm. high, wrinkled when dry; margin striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 1-2 mm., yellowish brown, apex paler, equal, tough, shining, base white floccose. Gills dirty white, or greyish, slightly adnexed, fairly distant, 1-5-2 mm. broad; edge floccose, brown. Spores white, ovate ellipsoid, 9-11 x 5-6 /i. Cystidia filled with a brownish juice, flask-shaped, pointed above, sometimes branched, attenuated at base, 45-70 x 6-12 x 2-5-3/x at apex. Woods, hedgerows and wood stacks. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon. (9.9.) var. olivaceo-marginata (Massee) Rea. Cke. Ulus. no. 1153, t. 959, fig. A, as Mycena olivaceo-marginata Massee. Olivaceus, olive-coloured; marginata, bordered. Differs from the type in the smaller spores, 6-7 x 4-5 /i. Amongst short grass in pastures, hill sides, and hedgerows. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1190. M. aurantio-marginata Fr. Fl. Dan. t. 1292. Aurantius, orange; marginata, bordered. P. 1-2 cm., olivaceous-fuscous, or olivaceous tan, becoming paler, fleshy, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, or obsoletely umbonate, smooth; margin striate when moist. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellow- ish, or greyish, firm, equal, smooth, base inflated ventricose, clothed with strigose yellow hairs. Gills grey, then greenish livid, very attenuato- adnexed, very ventricose, crowded, connected by veins ; edge orange, floccose. Flesh fuscous, becoming whitish, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped with a lateral apiculus, 6-8 x 4-5/i. Cystidia filled with a yellowish juice, broadly clavate, or bludgeon- shaped, coarsely verrucose, 30-34 x 12/z. Smell none, or strong. Grassy places in woods and amongst conifer needles. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1191. M. elegans (Pers.) Fr. Elegans, graceful. P. 10-12 mm., yellow fuscous, or light yellow livid, opaque, mem- branaceous, campanulate, more or less umbonate; margin saffron coloured, slightly sulcate. St. 5-6 cm. x 2 mm., deep, or light yellow, apex paler, rigid, tense and straight, equal, base attached to its sup- port by yellow bristling filaments. Gills greyish, adnate, decurrent with MYCENA 375 a tooth, linear, 2 mm. broad ; edge darker, saffron yellow. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, with a basal, or subbasal apiculus, 8-9 x 4-5 JM. Cystidia "content dark yellow, obovate or bludgeon- shaped, prickly, warted, about 9-1 Ifj, broad" Lange. Coniferous woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1192. M. atro-marginata Fr. (= Mycena balanina Berk. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 3. Ater, black; marginata, bordered. P. 1-53 cm., cinereous-fuscous, or purplish fuscous, paler at the margin, very membranaceous, conical, then conico-campanulate, 1-5-3 cm. high, lax, deeply sulcate, smooth, slightly viscid when moist. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, apex paler, strict, very fragile, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, sometimes twisted, sulcate', base rooting, white tomentose. Gills whitish grey, then flesh colour, slightly adnexed, attenuated behind, almost linear, narrow, 2-3 mm. broad, subdistant, often slightly connected by veins; edge black, very thin. Flesh white, purplish in the stem, thin. Spores white, oblong- elliptic, 10-12 x 7/x, with a large central gutta. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1193. M. balanina Berk. (= Mycena atro-marginata Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 216, t. 156, fig. 2. fiaXavos, an acorn. P. 2-4 cm., ochraceous with a slight tinge of umber, fleshy membrana- ceous, convex, somewhat campanulate, obtusely umbonate, at length more or less expanded, minutely pulverulent, slightly rugulose, striate when moist. St. 6-7 cm. x 2-4 mm., white and pruinose above, deep sienna-brown below, attenuated downwards, flexuose, rigid, shining, quite smooth; base dark brown, villose. Gills pale, or whitish with a pinkish tinge, quite free, rounded, 3 mm. broad, connected by veins, edge fringed with dull purple spiculae, which are also sprinkled over the surface. On beech mast, and amongst oak leaves. 1194. M. rubro-marginata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 4. Ruber, red; marginata, bordered. P. 12 cm., red-livid, or purple fuscous, becoming pale, sometimes almost white, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, striate, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., pallid livid, rigid-fragile, equal, often curved, smooth, base slightly thickened. Gills whitish, then grey, adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, distant; edge fuscous purple, then brown. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, boat-shaped, 12-13 x 3-4-5/z, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "claviform, pointed at the free end, 50-60 x 10-16/u, filled with brownish juice" Barbier; "with one or more sterigma-like projections on the top" Rick. Pine, and larch woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 376 MYCENA var. fusco-purpurea (Lasch) Cke. Fuscus, brown; purpurea, purple. Differs from the type in the purple brown p., the finely striate st. villosely rooting at the base, and the eroded, brown edge of the gills. Willow trunks, and amongst dead leaves. Sept. Uncommon. 1195. M. strobilina Fr. o-rpo/StXtvo?, belonging to a pine cone. P. 6-12 mm., persistently scarlet, often paler at the circumference, membranaceous, conical, then campanulate, acutely umbonate, slightly striate, smooth, dry. St. 3-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., concolorous, slightly rigid, equal, smooth, base white strigose. Gills rosy red, adnate, de- current with a tooth, distant, alternate ; edge darker, deep blood colour. Flesh reddish, very thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-4-5/A, 1-guttulate. Cystidia " on edge of gill elongate-vesicu- lose, 45-50 x 15-18/x" Rick. Gregarious. On pine needles, occa- sionally in beech woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1196. M. rosella Fr. (= Mycena rosea (Pers.) Sacc.) Rosella, somewhat rose-coloured. Rose colour, becoming pale. P. 7-10 mm., membranaceous, cam- panulate, then hemispherical, obtusely umbonate, slightly hygro- phanous, striate. St. 2-3-5 cm. x 1 mm., equal, soft, base white tomentose. Gills rose colour, adnate, with a tooth, subdistant, edge blackish purple. Flesh white, reddish in the st., very thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4/u,. Cystidia "obovate or bludgeon- shaped, 42 x 7-15ju,, occasionally the apex drawn out, somewhat bottle-neck-like, the free portion more or less warted, filled with a reddish or pinkish juice" Lange and Schroeter. On coniferous needles. June Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1197. M. atrovirens Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. Ater, black; virens, green. P. 8 mm., blackish green, paler and whitish at the striate margin, bright green at the circumference, slightly fleshy, hemispherical, smooth, somewhat viscid on the disc at first. St. 3 cm. x 1 mm., cinereous, or greyish fuliginous, equal, smooth. Gills whitish, green and minutely toothed on the edge especially towards the margin of the p., adnate, 2 mm. broad, subdistant, attenuated in front. Flesh fuscous, thin. Smell and taste none. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, often with an oblique apiculus, 5-6 x 3/u,, minutely punctate; basidia clavate, 23-25 x 6-7 p,, with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia on edge of gill abundant, often fasciculate, slightly clavate, or cylindrical, 35-40 x 3-4 /A, flexuose, filled with a greenish juice, thin walled. Beech stumps. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) MYCENA 377 II. St. juiceless, base not dilated into a disc. Gills unicolorous, not changing colour. P. pure coloured, bright, not becoming fuscous, nor cinereous. 1198. M. pura (Pers.) Fr. (= M ycena pseudopura Cke.) Pura, clean. P. 28 cm., rose, purple, lilac, bluish-grey, or white, fleshy, cam- pamilate, then expanded, at length rather plane, sometimes um- bonate; margin striate. St. 3 10 cm. x 2-6 mm., concolorous, or whitish, tough, polished, equal, or attenuated upwards when larger, smooth, base white villose. Gills pallid, or whitish, adnate, broad, ventricose, connected by veins. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-9 x 3-5-4/n, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia on gill edge only, hyaline, cylindrical, broadly fusiform, or bladder-like, obtuse, more rarely somewhat pointed, becoming larger with age, 4560 x 11-20 x 5-10/x, at apex. Smell and taste of radish. Poisonous. Woods and pastures. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. carnea Rea. Carnea, fleshy. Differs from the type in the fleshy, fibrillose st. Amongst oak and beech leaves in deciduous woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. multicolor Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 114. MuUus, many; color, colour. P. 3-5-5 cm., bright greyish blue, umbo fulvous. St. 5-7 cm. x 4- 8 mm., rosy purple, base becoming yellowish, white tomentose. Gills grey. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3/i (7-9 x 4-5/A Bres.). Cystidia cylindrical, or ventricosely fusiform, rarely subclavate. Amongst leaves. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1199. M. zephirus Fr. (= Mycena spiripes (Schwartz) Sacc.) Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 6. Ze^vpo?, the west wind. P. 2-3 cm., livid reddish, whitish flesh colour, or greyish, disc occa- sionally becoming fuscous, diaphanous, submembranaceous, campanu- late, then convex, striate to the middle. St. 3-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., lilac, becoming rufescent, fragile, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, slightly striate, at first clad with deciduous, white scales; base incurved, woolly. Gills white, or flesh coloured, adnate, subdecurrent with a small tooth, at length separating, broad, slightly connected by veins. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-9 x 4/u, 1-4-guttulate. Cystidia "obovate, globose, or clavate, 40-60 x 16- 25 ,u, crowned with 1-4-finger-like, often branched protuberances, sometimes only toothed" v. Hoehnel. Gregarious. Amongst fir needles, or decayed fir wood, and amongst dead leaves. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1200. M. Seynii Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. Fr. xxm, t. 2, fig. 9. M. de Seynes. P. 1-2 cm., rosy vinous, disc greyish, pellucid, very thin, campanu- 378 MYCENA late, then convex, silky. St. 35 cm. x 2 mm., hyaline white, be- coming purplish, often flattened, bristling with white hairs at the base. Gills rose, or lilac, adnate by a tooth, distant, reticulately con- nected by veins, firm. Spores white, punctate, elliptical, 7-13 [JL, barrel-shaped. Smell none, taste like turnips. Fasciculate. Pine cones. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1201. M. flavipes Quel. (= Mycena Renati Quel.) Quel. Jur. et Vosg. ii, t. 1, fig. 4. Flavus, light yellow; pes, foot. P. -5-2 cm., rosy pink, or violaceous, disc brownish, membranaceous, campanulate, striate, pellucid, smooth, wrinkled when dry. St. 25 cm. x 12 mm., yellow amber, pellucid, tough, curved, shining, villose base swollen. Gills white, then flesh colour, adnate with a tooth, distant, connected by veins. Flesh yellow in the st., very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 11-12 x 6-7 /*, punctate. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, very numerous, threadlike above, long and ventricose below, 26-35 x 10-lQp" v. Hoehnel. Smell faint, of radish. On fir branches, and stumps. June Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1202. M. clavus (Linn.) Rea. (= Mycena rubella Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 68, as Mycena rubella Quel. Clavus, a nail. P. 512 mm., orange scarlet, disc often darker, fleshy, conico-convex, then plane, umbo acute, diaphanous, smooth; margin pale, striate. St. 2-4 cm. x 2 mm., white, hyaline, with a fugacious, rosy tint at the apex, equal, smooth, base woolly. Gills white, then rose colour, edge paler, adnexed. Flesh of p. red. of st. white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4/z, multigranular. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, sparse, rigid and threadlike above, ventricose below, 28-32 x 10/x," v. Hoehnel. On twigs, leaves, and amongst mosses. Aug. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1203. M. coccinea (Sow.) Quel. Coccinea, scarlet colour. P. 5-12 mm., rosy-red, somewhat orange, membranaceous, cam- panulate, striate; margin incurved, wrinkled. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., rose colour, equal, smooth ; base subbulbose, white strigose. Gills rosy, emarginate. Flesh of p. red, whitish or yellowish in the st., very thin. Spores white, pip-shaped, or elliptical, with a basal apiculus, 8-10 x 5-6 /A. Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, ventricose, apex pointed, or obtuse, often constricted at about one-third of its length from the apex, 25-35 x 7-10 x 3-5/z at apex. On larch cones, twigs and needles. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1204. M. Adonis (Bull.) Fr. Adonis, son of Cinyras, king of Cyprus. P. 610 mm., rose-red, margin whitish, membranaceous, campanu- late, 6-8 mm. high, minutely and almost obsoletely papillate, smooth, pellucidly striate. St. 35 cm. x 1 mm., shining white, pellucid, fiexuose, MYCENA 379 equal, smooth; base swollen, strigose. Gills white, or flesh coloured, uncinato-adnexed, ascending, very thin, narrow, somewhat distant. Flesh of pileus red, of st. white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, often with a basal apiculus, 7-8 x 4/u,, 1-3-guttulate. Basidia "2- spored. Cystidia awl-shaped-conical, long, pointed, up to 60 p," Lange. Woods and pastures. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1205. M. chlorantha Fr. (= Mycena wrens (Bull.) Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 7, as Mycena wrens (Bull.) Quel. %X&)/)05, grass green; avOos, flower. P. 10-15 mm., olive green, becoming paler, disc yellow, membrana- ceous, conico-campanulate, 4-8 mm. high, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, striate when moist. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., bluish, transparent, firm, straight, smooth, base white villose. Gills white with a slight tinge of green, adnate, narrow, 2 mm. broad, subventri- cose, thin, crowded. Flesh bluish in the st. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6/n, 1-guttulate, white in the mass, greenish by transmitted light. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, rarely obtuse, obovate oblong, generally fusiform, conical or bluntly pointed at the apex, 27-35 x 9-15/i" v. Hoehnel. Woods, and hedgerows. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1206. M. lineata (BuU.) Fr. Lineata, striate. P. 6-15 mm., yellow, olivaceous, rarely whitish, generally becoming light yellow, very membranaceous, hood-shaped, then campanulate, obtuse, lineato-sulcate to the disc, smooth. St. 4-7 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, smooth, base white villose. Gills white, or pale cream, adnate, linear, 2-3 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh yellowish at the disc, very thin at the margin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4/u, or elliptical, often slightly depressed on one side, 9-12 x 5-6 /z, often 1-guttulate, punctate. Cystidia pyriform, setulose, 20-25/A in diam. Amongst moss. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon. (v.v.) var. expallens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 5. Expallens, becoming pale. P. 1-2 cm., pale yellow, campanulate, striate up to the disc. St. 5cm. x 1 mm., pallid; base white, downy. Gills white, linear, very narrow, rather distant. Amongst moss. 1207. M. farrea (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 4, wrongly cited as t. 79, fig. 4, in the text 1 . Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. i, t. 2, fig. 1, surface cells of the pileus magnified. Farrea, mealy. P. 1-2 cm., whitish, or yellowish, often with a tinge of flesh colour, membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, subumbonate, sulcate, covered with a shining pruina (" composed of globose, hollow bodies, 1 Plates 79 and 80 are interchanged in some copies of Fries' Icones. 380 MYCENA 40-50 fi " Plowright) ; margin light yellow, or flesh colour, becoming whitish when dry, at first floccose, crenulate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, somewhat fragile, equal, silky-striate, often somewhat rooting. Gills white, adnate, thin, somewhat crowded, connected by veins, often fimbriate. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Amongst moss and heather on heaths. Sept. Rare. 1208. M. luteo-alba (Bolt.) Fr. Luteus, yellow; alba, white. P. 6-10 mm., yellow, somewhat shining, not becoming pale, mem- branaceous, acutely campanulate, umbonate when expanded, slightly pellucidly striate, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., canary yellow, or yellowish, equal, subflexuose, tough, smooth, base subfibrillose. Gills shining white, adnate, somewhat uncinate, at first joined behind, broad, alternate. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-8 x 3-5-4-5/u," Schroeter. Cystidia "scattered, conical, often crowned with threadlike pro- tuberances, 22-36 x 9-12/z, or slightly ventricose, conical, numerous, obtuse, 16-21 x 7-9/x," v. Hoehnel. Amongst moss. Pine woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1209. M. flavo-alba Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 5, wrongly cited as t. 79, fig. 5, in text. Flavus, light yellow; alba, white. P. 1-2 cm., ochraceous, light yellow-white, or wholly white, submem- branaceous, campanulate, then convex, at length flattened, um- bonate, smooth, often striate, scalloped when dry and rimosely split. St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., pellucidly white, or with a yellowish tinge, slightly rigid, fragile, tense and straight, equal, apex pruinose. Gills white, adnato-decurrent, soon separating-free, at length plane, ventricose, distant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Cystidia flask-shaped, apex subulate, 3-4/z in diam., ventricose at the base, 35-55 x 12-15/x. Pastures, heaths, and woods. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1210. M. chelidonia Fr. 1 (= Mycena pumila (Sow.) Quel.; Mycena raeborhiza (Lasch) Gill.) Fr. Icon. t. 83, fig. 4, as Mycena rae- borhiza Lasch. ^e\i8(av, a swallow. P. 1-2-5 cm., yellow flesh colour, or somewhat tawny, becoming paler flesh colour, or whitish at the margin, submembranaceous, campanu- late, conical, fragile, pruinose, pellucidly striate when moist, even when dry. St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, or becoming yellow, equal, tough, rooting, smooth, apex mealy, base villose. Gills whitish, becoming yellowish, or flesh colour, adnate, or somewhat free, subdistant, at length connected by veins. Flesh yellowish, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 3 x 1-5-2^, 1-guttulate ("subglobose, 6-8 /x, or 6-7 x 5-6/t" Gill.). Beech, and alder stumps. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 1 Friea placed this species in the section having milk, or a coloured juice in the St., but this factor is so slight that the fungus is far better ranged in this position. MYCENA 381 1211. M. lactea (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 222, t. 159, bottom figs. Lactea, milk-white. Entirely white. P. 1-2 cm., membranaceous, campanulate, disc sometimes becoming light yellowish, subumbonate, striate when moist, even when dry, margin scalloped. St. 3-7 cm. x 1-2 mm., equal, flexile, smooth, base fibrillosely rooting. Gills adnate, ascending, narrow, crowded. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 3-3'5/x,, 1-guttulate. Basidia with 2-sterigmata. Cystidia sparse, subulate, apex 3 /n in diam., base sub ventri cose, 35-40 x 9/i. Gregarious. On needles, and twigs. Coniferous woods. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. pithya (Pers.) Fr. (= Collybia India Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 68, fig. 4, as Collybia India Fr. TTITVS, a pine, or fir tree. Snow white, drying up and becoming yellowish. P. 6-10 mm., be- coming almost plane, margin incurved. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pulverulent, base villose, subbulbous, villosely strigose. Gills somewJiat wide, distant. On coniferous needles and chips. Sept. Rare. var. pulchella Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 3, wrongly cited as t. 79, fig. 3, in text as Mycena lactea Pers. Pulchella, beautiful little. Differs from the type in the much thinner p., prominent umbo, and the gills broader at the base and subdistant. Caespitose. On wood. M. muscigena (Schum.) Quel. = Collybia muscigena (Schum.) Fr. 1212. M. gypsea Fr. 71^05, chalk. P. 12 cm., white, or yellowish, disc yellow, membranaceous, some- what fragile, conico-campanulate, umbonate, umbo not prominent, striate to the disc. St. 6-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal, or attenuated upwards, rigid, fragile, smooth, or pruinose, base villose. Gills shining white, adnate, broadest behind, equally attenuated to the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5 p. Cystidia "obtusely conical, 30 x llfj,, or obtuse and broadly thread-shaped above, slightly conical below, 30-62 x 8-16/x" v. Hoehnel. Gregarious and caespitose. Amongst fragments of wood, and on trunks. June Nov. Uncommon. 1213. M. nivea Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. Fr. xxm, t. 2, fig. 1. Nivea, snow-white. Shining white, transparent. P. 15 mm., very thin, campanulate, never expanding, sulcate from the apex to the base, pruinose. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., rigid, smooth, apex pruinose, base recurved, fbril- lose. Gills adnate, uncinate, narrow, distant. Spores pruniform, 10-12/A, granular. On twigs. Deciduous woods. M . galeropsis Fr. = Marasmius dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. var. oedipus (Quel.) Eea. 382 MYCENA III. St. firm, rigid, somewhat tough, juiceless, somewhat strigose and rooted at the base. Grills changing colour, white, then grey, or reddish, commonly at length connected by veins. P. not hygrophanous. Generally lignicolous and caespitose. M . cohaerens (A. & S.) Fr. = Marasmius cohaerens (A. & S.) Cke. 1214. M. prolifera (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 169. Proles, offspring ;fero, I bear. P. 1-2 cm., pallid, disc fuscous, fleshy, campanulato-expanded, broadly umbonate, dry, slightly striate; margin at length sulcate, or rimosely split, pale yellowish, or becoming fuscous tan. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-5 mm., pallid, apex greyish, base tawny bay, firm, rigid, smooth, shining, slightly striate, rooting, often proliferous. Gills white, then ochraceous, adnexed. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white. Densely caespitose, glued together by villose down. Woods, and old logs in gardens. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1215. M. excisa (Lasch) Gillet. Excisa, cut out. P. 23 cm., brownish, rugulose, disc pallid fuscous, or greyish fuscous, membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, subumbonate, tough; margin paler, striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-4 mm., greyish brown, be- coming fuscous, apex paler, firm, tough, smooth, rooting. Gills paler than the p., hoary, somewhat free, very attenuated at the base, ventri- cose, connected by veins, very distant, thick. Flesh pallid, thick at the disc. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-11 x 7-8 /x. Basidia with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia subulate, filiform, or bottle-shaped, rarely furcate, base swollen, 20-30 x 10-15/Lt. Caespitose, rarely solitary. On trunks and stumps of pine. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1216. ML fagetorum (Fr.) Gillet. Fagetum, a beech wood. P. 1-2 cm., yellowish, pale livid, or fuliginous, membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, striate half way to the disc, smooth. St. 3-6 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, incurved, base villose, attached at right angles to the beech leaves. Gills white, or glaucous, attenuated at the base and attached to a collar. Spores white, "oblong elliptical, 9-5- 11 x 4-4-5/x. Cystidia few, small, insignificant, club, or pear-shaped, their not much protruding free portion set with short setae" Lange. Gregarious. On dead beech leaves. Sept. Nov. Notuncommon. (v.v.) 1217. M. Berkley! Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 224, t. 148, as Mycena excisa Lasch. The Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the founder of British mycology. P. 3-7 cm., dingy brown, umbo darker, paler when dry, fleshy, cam- panulate, then more or less expanded, slightly umbonate, slightly and distantly striate to the umbo, hygrophanous. St. 8-13 cm. x 6- 8 mm., dingy brown with a purple tinge, almost equal, or slightly MYCENA 383 thickened below, more or less striate; base long, tapering, rooting. Gills tinged purplish, or flesh colour, broadly sinuate behind, and adnate with a decurrent tooth, ventricose, 4-6 mm. broad, rather distant, thin. Flesh of si. purplish. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3'5/x, with an oblique basal apiculus. Cystidia none. Solitary or sub- caespitose. On trunks. Mixed woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1218. M. psammicola B. & Br. Cke. lUus. no. 225, t. 186, upper figs. i/rayu,yu,o9, sand; colo, I inhabit. P. 49 mm., brown, becoming paler towards the margin, hygro- phanous, somewhat hemispherical, sprinkled with very minute par- ticles', margin striate. St. 1-2 cm. x 1 mm., white upwards, umber downwards, firm, rooting, wholly white pulverulent. Gills white, shortly adnate, sinuate behind, in the form of a segment. Smell strong, but not nitrous. Amongst moss on a sandbank. Sept. Eare. 1219. M. rugosa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 225, t. 186, lower figs. Rugosa, wrinkled. P. 2-6 cm., cinereous, becoming pale, very tough, membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, at length rather plane, somewhat obtuse, more or less corrugated, rugosely wrinkled, dry, striate at the circumference. St. 3-8 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, very cartilaginous, rigid, tough, straight, at length compressed, smooth, with a short, oblique, strigose root. Gills white, then grey, arcuato-adnate, with a decurrent tooth, united behind in a collar, broad, ventricose, con- nected by veins, edge sometimes serrulate. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 9-11 x 6-7 ft, with a large central gutta. Basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia hyaline, broadly clavate, or bludgeon-shaped, apex covered with short, simple, more rarely branched setae, 24-50 x 10-12/A. On stumps and old posts. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1220. M. sudora Fr. Sudor, sweat. P. 2-5 cm., whitish, or yellowish, diaphanous, submembranaceous, convex, umbonate, often irregular, striate, viscid. St. 611 cm. x 3-6 mm., concolorous, equal, firm, dry, smooth, rooting. Gills white, then flesh colour, obtusely adnate, broad, subdistant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-11 x 7-8 /A. Cystidia "small, little protruding, 24 x 8/z,, elliptical- vesiculose, mostly bluntly conical, somewhat ventricose below and often oblique" v. Hoehnel. On and near beech, and beech stumps. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1221. M. galericulata (Scop.) Fr. (= Mycena simillima Karst.) Galericulum, a cap. P. 2-5 cm., fuscous-livid, or changeable in colour, often becoming yellow, or rubiginous, sometimes white, submembranaceous, conico- campanulate, then expanded, striate to the umbo, dry, smooth. St. 384 MYCENA 5-12 cm. x 3-5 mm., concolorous, often becoming yellowish, or rubi- ginous, somewhat fragile, polished, often curved, smooth; base strigose, fusiform-rooted. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnate, decurrent with a tooth, sometimes connected by veins. Flesh greyish, very thin at the margin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 6-8 /x, 1-guttu- late. Basidia generally with 2-sterigmata only. Cystidia hyaline, broadly clavate, or bludgeon-shaped covered with short setae, 15-40 x 9-12/1. Caespitose, the numerous stems often glued together with villose down at the base. On stumps, trunks, and pollards. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. calopus Fr. (= Mycena inclinata Fr. sec. Lange.) Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 2. /caXo?, beautiful; TTOU?, foot. Differs from the type in the fasciculate, fusiform chestnut coloured stem. "P. viscid, gills cinereous becoming whitish, spores ovate globose, 8 x 6/4" Sacc. On stumps. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1222. M. simillima Karst. Simillima, very like. P. livid, or dingy pattid, conico-campanulate, even, dry, glabrous. St. fragile, polished, even, glabrous, base curved, rooting. Gills white, very slightly tinged with rose, emarginato-decurrent, crowded. Tree stumps. Sept. Rare. 1223. M. polygramma (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 228, t. 223. ?roXv9, many; ypapfiij, a line. P. 2-5 cm., fuscous, cinereous, livid, or becoming light yellow, margin white when young, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate, subumbonate, striate, smooth, rarely pruinose; margin often toothed. St. 610 cm. x 2-4 mm., silvery, livid, blue grey, or becoming azure blue, rigid, tense and straight, equal, longitudinally striato-sulcate, base strigose-rooted. Gills white, or pinkish, attenuated behind, un- cinate, subdistant, sometimes serrulate. Flesh greyish, very thin at the margin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-12 x 6-8 p, 1-2- multi-guttulate. Basidia with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia hyaline, flask- shaped, base ventricose, apex prolonged and attenuated upwards, flexuose, simple or branched, 20-60 x 410 x 1 -5-3/1, at apex. Gre- garious or solitary . On stumps and twigs. Aug. Feb. Common, (v.v.) 1224. M. inclinata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 234, t. 225, upper figs., as Mycena alcalina Fr. Inclinata, bent in. P. 2-3 cm., fuscous, livid fuscous, or bistre, submembranaceous, globose, then campanulate, obtuse, rarely gibbous, at length ex- panded and depressed at the apex, smooth, striate to the disc, shining when dry; margin at first white, exceeding the gills, delicately crenulate. St. 6-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, or brownish, becoming fulvous from the base upwards, slightly attenuated upwards, twisted, flexuose, apex incurved at first, somewhat tough when young, then fragile, pruinosely MYCENA 385 fibrillose, apex interruptedly striate; base rooting, villose. Gills whitish, greyish at the base, sometimes pinkish, adnate, crowded, at length soft. Flesh whitish, tawny in the st., thick at the disc. Spores white, subglobose, 8-10 x 6-8 /A, 1-guttulate; basidia with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia clavate, apex covered with short setae, 30-40 x 9-16/A. Smell somewhat alkaline. Densely caespitose on oak stumps, and at the base of posts. Aug. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1225. M. parabolica Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 79, fig. 3, wrongly cited as t. 80, fig. 3, in the text. Parabolica, like a parabola. P. 25 cm., somewhat violaceous, disc black, margin whitish, or lilac, submembranaceous, at first erect and oval, then conical, never ex- panded, moist, somewhat shining when dry, smooth, striate to the disc. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, or lilac, apex dark violaceous, tense and straight, not very rigid, white mealy when young, smooth, dry; base thickened, bearded-rooting. Gills white, greyish at the base, adnate, ascending, subdistant, rarely connected by veins. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 /z. "Basidia 2-spored. Cystidia obovate, crowned with minute wart-like setae" Lange; "conical (not, or slightly ventricose), mostly sharp pointed, 40-60 x 10-20 /u," v. Hoehnel. Gregarious, or caespitose. On needles and rotten wood, in coniferous woods. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1226. M. tintinnabulum Fr. Fr. Icon, t 79, fig. 4, wrongly cited as t. 80, fig. 4, in the text. Tintinnabulum, a door bell. P. 2-3 cm., date brown, becoming pale, yellowish fuscous, azure blue, or whitish, submembranaceous, very tough, campanulato-convex, then plane, smooth, subviscid when moist. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, very tough, smooth; base shortly white-strigose. Gills whitish, then cream, or flesh colour, adnate, decurrent with a tooth, horizontal, narrow, very thin and crowded. Spores white, "elliptical, 9-10 x 5-7 /x; basidia with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia on edge of gill subulate" Rick. For Mycena tintinnabulum Fr. sensu Schroet., v. Hoehnel and Lange give the following dimensions. Spores long-cylindrical, or ovate, 5-7 x 2-5-3jn. Cystidia vesiculose, obovate, subglobose, or cylindrical, often set with wart-like setae, 9-15/z across. Caespitose, or solitary. On fallen beech trunks. Oct. April. Uncommon. IV. St. fragile, dry, juiceless, fibrillose at the base, scarcely rooting, but not dilated nor inserted. P. hygrophanous. Gills changing colour, at length somewhat connected by veins. Usually strong scented, solitary and terrestrial, a few caespitose and lignicolous. 1227. M. atroalba (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 137. Ater, black; alba, white. P. 2-3 cm., bistre blackish, whitish at the margin, submembrana- ceous, conico-campanulate, obtuse, smooth; margin pellucidly striate. B, B. B. 25 386 MYCENA St. 7-10 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, apex dark and occasionally pruinose, tense and straight, shining, smooth, base with a hairy, bulbous, swollen root. Gills white, becoming glaucous, free, ventricose, crowded. Spores white, "oval, 12-14 x 7-8/u," Sacc. Cystidia "lanceolate-subulate, 75-105 x 15-20 /x" Rick. Solitary, or gregarious. Amongst moss. Mixed woods. July Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1228. M. dissiliens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 81, fig. 2. Dissiliens, flying apart. P. 2-5 cm., cinereous-fuscous, margin whitish, submembranaceous, very fragile, acorn-shaped, then conico-campanulate, sulcate to the disc, pruinose; margin revolute. St. 4-5 cm. x 2-5 mm., cinereous, at- tenuated upwards from the strigose base, somewhat incurved, smooth, or pruinate, slightly striate under a lens, split and breaking up into revolute flaps when compressed or bent, often twisted. Gills whitish, or cinereous at the base, rounded behind, separating free, broader in front, soft, watery. Flesh white, greyish in the st., thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 /z, multi-guttulate. Cystidia "glo- bose-ovate, 20/z, crowned with a few, short, finger-like protuber- ances " v. Hoehnel. Smell weak. Amongst grass in woods and heaths, and on trunks. July Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1229. M. atrocyanea (Batsch) Fr. (= Mycena nigricans Bres. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 231, t. 236, lower figs. Ater, black; cyanea, dark blue. P. 5-13 mm., fuscous, then azure-blue-grey, membranaceous, cam- panulato-convex, at length flattened, gibbous, with an irregularly shaped, somewhat angular, wrinkled, obtuse, fuscous blackish umbo, deeply sulcate to the umbo, sprinkled with a white, evanescent pruina. St. 3-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., dark blue-black, slightly attenuated from the subbulbous base, almost equal, rigid, fragile, smooth. Gills white, grey at the base, attenuat o-adnate, joined in a collar, ventricose, distant. Flesh greyish, thin. Spores white, oblong, often apiculate at one end, 10-12 x 6-7/u,. Cystidia subulate-fusiform, or cylindrical, apex acute, 2-3/x, in diam., 80-100 x 10-12/A. Amongst pine needles and on stumps. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1230. M. pullata Berk. & Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 232, t. 237. Pullus, dark coloured. P. 18 mm., dark brown with a tinge of purple, disc almost black, becoming paler, sometimes with a glaucous bloom, membranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, sulcato-striate to the middle. St. 7-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous; base thickened, whitish floccose, some- times rooting. Gills white, adnexed, rather broad, scarcely crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3/i. Smell slightly nitrous. Amongst dead leaves. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) MYCENA 387 1231. M. cinerella Karst. Cke. Illus. no. 264, t. 210, upper figs., as Omphalia grisea Fr. sec. Lange. Cinerella, somewhat ash colour. P. 5-15 mm., grey, or pallid greyish, submembranaceous, campanu- late, entirely striate. St. 2-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., greyish white, equal, base fibrillose. Gills greyish white, broadly adnato-decurrent. Spores elliptical, 7-10 x 4-6 /A. Cystidia "ovate oblong, generally conical, ventricose below, apex obtusely conical, often rough, 50-60 x 12-16/u." v. Hoehnel; "globose, finely warted, not protruding" Pearson "in litt." Smell very strong, of meal. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1232. M. paupercula Berk. (= Mycena metata Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 231, t. 236, upper figs. Paupercula, poor. P. 2-5 mm., pale ochraceous white, becoming almost tawny with age, submembranaceous, obtusely conical, or hemispherical, minutely innato-fibrillose, sometimes translucidly striate. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., white, curved, rooting, smooth; base thicker, villose. Gills white, at first free, then adnexed. Smell of new meal. Inside decayed stumps. July Sept. Uncommon. 1233. M. leptocephala (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Ic. et Desc. t. 12, fig. 4. Xe-TTTo?, thin; K<f>d\.ij, head. P. 1-2-5 cm., cinereous, submembranaceous, campanulato-expanded, repand, umbonate, fragile, sulcate, pruinose, opaque. St. 4-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, slightly striate, opaque, dry. Gills white cinereous, becoming white at the edge, emarginate, connected by veins. Flesh grey, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-9 x 3-4ju,, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "acute awl-shaped, somewhat fusiform, 60-70 x 10-14/u," Lange; "lanceolate, 60-100 x 10-18^" Rick. Smell nitrous. Solitary. On trunks, and on the ground, espe- cially in coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1234. M. alcalina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 81, fig. 3. Alcalina, alkaline. P. 2-5 cm., cinereous, fuscous, date brown, inclining to olivaceous, often tinged with yellow or pink, submembranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, deeply striate when moist, shining when dry. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., normally yellow, often cinereous, slightly firm, rigid, slippery when moist, shining when dry, smooth, base villose. Gills glaucous white, or dark cinereous, becoming white and sometimes brown at the edge, adnate, slightly ventricose, sometimes connected by veins, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /A. Basidia with 4-sterigmata. Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, or fusiform, base often ventricose; apex pro- longed, obtuse or pointed, 35-45 x 10-18 x 4-5/x at apex. Smell strong, alkaline. Caespitose, rarely solitary. Coniferous stumps, trunks, and needles. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 252 388 MYCENA 1235. M. ammoniaca Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 235, t. 238, upper figs. Ammoniaca, ammoniacal. P. 1-5-2 cm., fuscous, becoming blackish, varying cinereous, disc fuscous blackish, paler round the striate margin, submembranaceous, acutely conical, papillate, then campanulate, naked, discoid, opaque. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, slightly firm, equal, polished, dry, smooth; base rooting, strigose. Gills whitish, or grey, edge whitish, adnate, linear, distant. Flesh greyish in the p., becoming whitish, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 611 x 4-7 ju, often 1-2- guttulate. Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, ventricose at the base ; apex acute, obtuse or subglobose, 40-55 x 15-18 x 3-7 /x at apex. Smell strong, alkaline. In troops on coniferous needles, and amongst short grass. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1236. M. metata Fr. (= Mycena paupercula Berk. sec. Quel.) Metata, conical. P. 1-2 cm., cinereous and slightly striate when moist, opaque, whitish, and somewhat silky in appearance when dry, submembranaceous, hemispherico-campanulate, obtuse, then plane, disc papillate or somewhat umbilicate, very hygrophanous. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, becoming cinereous, rarely yellowish, or flesh colour, soft-flaccid, equal, smooth, base white fibrillose. Gills whitish, or yellowish grey, adnate, linear, subdistant. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/A, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "obovate or pyriform, 12-19/u, across, set with setulose warts" Lange; "spinulose, 30 x 12-15/>i" Rick.; "conical, ventricose, 20-50 x 12-16/u," v. Hoehnel. Smell faintly alkaline. In pastures, and amongst short grass. Sept. Nov. Com- mon, (v.v.) 1237. M. plicosa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 81, fig. 4. Plicosa, folded. P. 1-5-3 cm., fuscous cinereous, opaque when dry, membranaceous, fragile, campanulate, then expanded, broadly and obtusely um- bonate, deeply lineato-sulcate, plicate with the distant furrows, often split. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., grey, then fuscous, rigid but fragile, equal, smooth; base abrupt, white villose. Gills grey, at length whitish pruinose, adnate, thick, distant, connected by veins Spores oblong- elliptical, 9-1 1 x 4 5 fi, " minutely punctate " Quel. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate, 40-45 x 12-18/x, with finger-like appendages" Rick. On bare soil in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1238. ML cinerea Massee & Crossl. Cinerea, ash colour. Entirely grey. P. 1-5-2 cm., submembranaceous, subgibbous, or obtuse, soon expanded, paler and silky when dry; margin striate. St. 5-7 cm. x 2 mm., cylindrical, smooth; base white, downy. Gills adnate, subdistant, edge pale, mealy with the spores. Flesh greyish, MYCENA 389 thin. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 5/x, 1-2-guttulate. Cystidia fusi- form. Smell of radishes. Pastures, and amongst short grass. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1239. M. peltata Fr. Peltata, having a shield. P. 1-5-3 cm., black fuscous when moist, grey when dry, membrana- ceous, convex, soon exactly plane, disc orbicular, even, fiat, rather umbilicate than umbonate; margin up-turned and becoming black when dry, very closely striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., livid, equal, rigid, somewhat fragile, often flexuose, smooth. Gills grey, paler at the edge, adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, ventricose. Flesh greyish t thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-6 /a. Cystidia "broadly lanceolate, 40 x 12-1 5 jit, sometimes slightly capitate" Rick. Smell none, or alkaline. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 1240. M. consimilis Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1150, t. 1186. Consimilis, entirely similar. P. 2-5-3 cm., cinereous, umbo darker, membranaceous, conically campanulate, umbonate, striate to the middle, smooth, opaque; margin soon upturned, at length splitting. St. 23 cm. x 2 mm., paler than the p., attenuated upwards, often compressed below, rather rigid, dry, smooth. G-ills cinereous, adnexed, or nearly free, linear, 1-2 mm. broad, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white. Amongst grass. Sept. Rare. 1241. M. aetites Fr. (= Mycena umbellifera (Schaefi.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 81, fig. 5. dertrj;?, the eagle-stone. P. 12 cm., fuscous grey, becoming pale, membranaceous, campanu- late, then convex, sulcate to the broad, obtuse, prominent umbo, hygro- phanous, smooth; extreme margin becoming black. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, becoming fuscous downwards, shining, often com- pressed, unequal, fragile, smooth. Gills white, grey at the sides, adnate, subuncinate, thin, at first cohering in the form of a cottar, beautifully reticulated by veins, linear, subdistant. Spores white, elliptical, often with an oblique apiculus, 8-10 x 5-6/x. Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, ventricose at the base ; apex prolonged, acute, or obtuse, 25-50 x 6-8 x Ifj, at apex. Smell alkaline, or none. Taste bitterish, or obsolete. Amongst moss, and short grass in woods and upland pastures. June Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1242. M. stannea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 82, fig. 2. Stannea, tin-colour. P. 34 cm., grey when moist, tin colour and silky shining when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, then flattened, obso- letely umbonate, fragile, often rimose, smooth, pellucidly striate when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., grey, becoming pale, slightly rigid, 390 MYCENA not very fragile, sometimes compressed, smooth, shining. Gills whitish grey, adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, connected by veins, scarcely crowded. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5/i. Cystidia " flask-shaped-fusif orm, 45-50 x 10-18 fj,, blunt, sometimes capitate" Eick. Smell, like fresh trout, or none. Amongst grass in woods. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1243. M. vitrea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 82, fig. 1. Vitrea, glassy. Very fragile. P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous, then livid or bluish grey, mem- branaceous, campanulate, obtuse, entirely lineato-striate, opaque, smooth, dry. St. 5-10 cm. x 1 mm., whitish, hyaline, equal, smooth, glistening, striate under a lens, base fibrillose. Gills whitish, adnate, linear, subdistant. Flesh fuscous in the p., very thin. Spores white, "oblong oval, 10 x 4-5 JLI. Cystidia nearly globose, with short spines in circles, 45 /z broad" v. Hoehnel. In woods amongst Sphagnum. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 1244. M. tennis (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 237, t. 160, lower figs. Tenuis, thin. Very fragile, caespitose, white. P. 1-2 cm., hyaline, or becoming fuscous white, very membranaceous, campanulato-convex, obtuse, lineato-striate, smooth; margin slight, beautifully fringed in a crenate manner, as if appendiculate with the fragments of the veil. St. 7-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., hyaline, base becoming yellowish, membranaceous, pellucid, tense and straight, smooth. Gills adnate, with a small decurrent tooth which is often obsolete, linear, rather thick, comparatively distant, soft. Spores white, subglobose, 4 x 3p,, with a large central gutta. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) V. St. filiform, scarcely a line thick (and not more), flaccid, somewhat tough, rooting, dry, juiceless, commonly very long in proportion to the p. Gills paler at the edge and changing colour. Very slender, tense and straight, terrestrial, and amongst moss, inodorous, solitary. P. fuscous, becoming somewhat pale, not hygrophanous, in the last species orange. 1245. ML filopes (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 238, t. 161, upper figs. Filum, a thread; pes, foot. P. 1-1-5 cm., livid fuscous, or livid grey, rarely whitish, very mem- branaceous, conical then campanulate, obtuse, striate, dry, smooth. St. 7-9 cm. x 1-2 mm., livid, or becoming fuscous, filiform, tense and straight, flaccid, not very tough, equal, rooting with a long pilose tail, filled with a watery juice when in full vigour. Gills white, at length grey at the base, free, or only reaching the St., ventricose, or lanceolate, crowded. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, MYCENA 391 8-10 x 4-5 //,. Basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia on gill edge, hyaline, crowded, forming a compact layer, obovate, or pyriform, minutely setulose towards the apex, 20-48 x 16-32 /JL. Amongst dead leaves in deciduous woods, hedgerows and plantations. Aug. Jan. Common, (v.v.) 1246. M. amicta Fr. (= Mycena Iris Berk. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 82, fig. 3. Amicta, clothed. P. 6-12 mm., green, bluish grey, or livid, membranaceous, conico- campanulate, slightly pellucidly striate to the disc, covered with fuga- cious pruina. St. 6-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., livid, equal, flexile, covered with a delicate white pruina] base straight, or with a long tortuose root, smooth. Gills grey, edge paler, free, or only reaching the st., linear, narrow, crowded. Flesh fuscous, thin at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 p,, 1-2-guttulate. Basidia with 2-sterigmata. Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, apex acutely conical, 20 x 6/z. Amongst mosses in woods, and pastures. Sept. Nov. Not un- common, (v.v.) 1247. M. Iris Berk. (= Mycena amicta Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 238, t. 161, lower figs. Ipts, the rainbow. P. 10-15 mm., grey, becoming yellowish, membranaceous, hemi- spherical, obtuse, covered with blue, evanescent fibrils, viscid; margin denticulate. St. 4-9 cm. x 2-3 mm., grey, equal, covered with evan- escent blue fibrils, which are often only apparent at the base. Gills grey, edge becoming pale, free, or slightly adnexed, linear, edge some- times denticulate. Flesh greyish, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 3-4 /x. Cystidia "crowded, conical, threadlike, ob- tuse, 20 x 4-4-5 /i" v. Hoehnel. On fir stumps, and sticks. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. caerulea Rea. Caerulea, azure blue. Differs from the type in the pure blue colour of the p., in the absence of blue fibrillae on the p. and st., and in the white pulverulent apex of the st. Spores white, elliptical, with an oblique apiculus, 8-9 x 5/x. Inside a hollow tree. May. Rare, (v.v.) 1248. M. urania Fr. Ovpavia, the Heavenly One. P. 6-10 mm.-, dark blue, then becoming violaceous, and at length pallid lilac, rarely becoming fuscous, membranaceous, campanulate, then hemispherical, obtuse, striate, dry, smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., dark blue, then becoming somewhat azure blue, equal, flexile, flaccid, smooth, slightly rooting; base white floccose. Gills white, uncinato-adnate, thin. Amongst alder leaves, Jungermanniae, and twigs in damp woods. July Sept. Rare. 392 MYCENA 1249. M. plumbea Fr. (= Omphalia plumbea (Fr.) Rick.) Plumbea, lead colour. P. 1-3 cm., cinereous lead colour, covered with a white pruina, some- times bluish ash colour, membranaceous, convex, then plane, obtuse, sulcate. St. 7-10 cm. x 2 mm., becoming cinereous, equal, fragile, pulverulent, apex hyaline, base white strigose. Gills concolorous, adnate, horizontal. Flesh whitish, very thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 10-11 x 5-6 p,, 2-multi-guttulate. Mossy pastures, and amongst leaves. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1250. M. debilis Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 14, fig. 6. Debilis, weak. P. 4-6 mm., whitish livid, or somewhat flesh colour, becoming fuscous, withered and corrugated when dry, membranaceous, very thin, cam- panulate, then convex, obtuse, striate when moist, even when dry, smooth. St. 5-10 cm. x 1 mm., concolorous, capillary-filiform, weak, lax, base fibrillose. Gills whitish, or concolorous, broadly adnate, rather broad, subdistant. Spores white, elliptical, 10-12 x 5/z. Cystidia "thin, lanceolate, 60-75 x 9-12/u,, much projecting and making the gills appear rough" Rick. Amongst dead leaves in woods, and hedge- rows. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1251. M. vitilis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 240, 1. 189, fig. 2. Vitilis, plaited. P. 6-10 mm., fuscous, or livid, becoming pale, or whitish, membrana- ceous, conical, then campanulate, papillate, striate to the middle, dry, smooth. St. 7-15 cm. x 1-2 mm., livid, filiform, rooted, tense and straight, rigid, tough, easily flexile, smooth, shining. Gills whitish, or grey, edge becoming whitish, attenuato-adnate, ascending, linear, thin. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, apiculate at base, 9-12 x 5-7 /A. Cystidia "very like those of Mycena polygramma, free portion hair-shaped, c. 10/x, long, 2p, broad, basal part slightly thickened" Lange. Amongst dead leaves in deciduous woods. Sept. Feb. Common, (v.v.) var. amsegetes Fr. Amsegetes, field by the roadside. Differs from the type in the obsoletely umbonate p., and the shorter, and thicker st. Meadows, and roadsides. 1252. M. collariata Fr. Collariata, possessing a collar. P. 1-2 cm., fuscous, becoming pale, often greyish white, becoming fuscous only at the disc, membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, subumbonate, striate, rigid when dry, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 1-2 mm., grey, becoming pale, filiform, tough, dry, smooth, slightly striate under a lens. Gills hoary-whitish, or obsoletely flesh colour, adnate, joined in a collar behind, thin, crowded. Spores white, "elliptical, 8-10 x MYCENA 393 4-6/i" Berk. Cystidia on gill edge "lanceolate subulate, 50-60 x 10-13/z" Rick. In woods, amongst grass, and on oak bark. Oct. Nov. Uncommon. 1253. M. speirea Fr. (= Omphalia speirea (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 2. tnrelpa, a coil. P. 4-10 mm., pallid cinereous, or whitish variegated with fuscous striae, umbo fuscous, membranaceous, conico-convex, then plane, at length depressed at the disc, smooth, sometimes pruinose. St. 5 cm. x 1 mm., white, base becoming fuscous and ending in a tail-like flbrillose root, tough, filiform, equal, smooth, shining. Gills shining white, adnate, then deeply decurrent, distant, the alternate ones shorter. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, "globose, 6/x, or broadly elliptical, 6-9 x 4-6/x. Cystidia numerous, cylindrical, conical, gene- rally sharp pointed, full of small oil globules, on the edge of the gill, 60 x 20/A, on the surface, 85 x 20jn, or cylindrical, conical, with protruding points, 40 x 20 /JL" v. Hoehnel. Woods, and mossy trunks. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 1254. M. tenella Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 241, t. 190, middle figs. Tenella, rather tender. Entirely white, or livid flesh colour, caespitose. P. 5-12 mm., mem- branaceous, very tender, campanulato-convex, obtuse, pellucid; mar- gin slightly striate. St. 2 cm. x 1 mm., filiform, soft, smooth, base villose. Grills white, then flesh colour, uncinate, very thin, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 p,, minutely punctate. Cystidia "on the edge, in several rows, globose, 16-23 /n, crowned with numerous, short spines" v. Hoehnel. On felled trunks, and twigs in wood heaps. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1255. M. acicula (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Mycena coccinea (Scop.) Sacc.) Acicula, a small pin. P. 2-10 mm., vermilion-orange, membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, with a very small slightly fleshy unibo, striate, smooth, shining. St. 2-5 cm. x 1 mm., bright yellow, becoming pale, filiform, rooting, smooth, shining, apex somewhat pruinose, base villose. Gills yellow, becoming whitish at the edge, or wholly white, rounded-adnexed, almost free, comparatively broad, ventricose, somewhat ovate, distant, the alternate ones shorter. Flesh reddish in the p., very thin. Spores white, oblong-fusiform, 9-12 x 2-4/u,, attenuated at the base, 1- guttulate. Cystidia hyaline, flask-shaped, base ventricose or fusiform ; apex acute, obtuse, or subglobose; 25-30 x 8-12 x 2-4/x at apex. On dead leaves and twigs in woods and hedgerows. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 394 MYCENA VI. St. and gills exuding a milky, usually coloured juice when broken. St. dry, rooting. 1256. M. hematopus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 83, fig. 1. alpa, blood; Troy?, foot. P. 2-4 cm., greyish, or white flesh colour with a purplish tinge, disc bistre, fleshy-membranaceous, conical, then campanulate, obtuse, smooth; margin denticulate, slightly striate. St. 5-10 cm. x 2-5 mm., white, greyish, flesh colour, or violaceous, becoming cinereous, rigid, fragile, recurved, white pruinose, becoming smooth, containing a blood-like juice, base strigose. Gills white, then flesh colour, or viola- ceous, adnate, often with a small decurrent tooth, the alternate ones shorter. Flesh turning blood red, thick at the disc. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 10 x 6/u, rounded at both ends, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "conical, sharp pointed, often ventricose below, 45 x 15/n, or rigid, long, threadlike and pointed above, ventricose below, 40-45 x 12/z, contents colourless, seldom reddish" v. Hoehnel. Caespitose. On trunks, and stumps, especially birch. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. marginata Lange. Marginata, bordered. Differs from the type in the dark edge of the gills. Cystidia "drawn out to a sharp point, below the middle fusiformly inflated, 10-1 7 \L broad, their free portion 45 ju, long, contents pale brownish red " Lange. On stacked birch logs. Oct. Probably not uncommon, (v.v.) 1257. M. craenta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 83, fig. 2. Cruenta, bloody. P. 6-20 mm., bay brown, or fuscous, then red, becoming pale, sub- membranaceous, conical, then campanulate, obtuse, striate, smooth. St. 5-8 cm. x 2 mm., paler than the p., slightly firm, tense and straight, smooth, containing a dark red juice, base villose-rooted. Gills whitish, or pinkish, adnate, linear, crowded. Flesh dark red, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 6/n, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "on gill edge only, contents granular, 35 x 9 x 2/z at apex" v. Hoehnel. Generally solitary . Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1258. M. sangninolenta (A. & S.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 83, fig. 3. Sanguinolenta, bloody. P. 420 mm., pallid reddish, becoming fuscous, umbo and striae com- monly darker, very membranaceous, campanulato-convex, or hemi- spherical, papillate, smooth. St. 5-12-5 x 1-2 mm., pallid, flaccid, weak, almost capillary, moderately tough, smooth, containing a pale reddish juice, base subfibrillose. Gills whitish, or paler than the p., edge black purple, adnate, linear, subdistant, the alternate ones MYCENA 395 shorter. Flesh reddish, becoming whitish, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, pip-shaped, or pyriform, 8-9 x 4 6/i, 1-2-guttulate. Cys- tidia filled with a reddish juice, or colourless, flask-shaped, often pro- longed at the base; apex long, conical, pointed, 35-50 x 6-8 x 1-2-5/u, at apex. Gregarious or solitary. Amongst dead leaves in woods, especially coniferous woods, and in hedgerows. May Dec. Common. (v.v.) 1259. M. crocata (Schrad.) Fr. Croatia, saffron yellow. P. 1-2-5 cm., olivaceous, cinereous, or shining white, umbonate disc reddish, submembranaceous, conical, then campanulate, smooth; margin striate. St. 7-12-5 x 2-3 mm., saffron-Uood-colour, especially towards the rooting, creeping, fibrillose base, slightly attenuated up- wards, apex whitish, containing a saffron-blood juice that readily stains the rest of the fungus. Gills white, attenuato-adnexed, broader in front, subventricose, subdistant. Flesh saffron-blood-colour, yellow- ish in the centre of the St., thick at the disc. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or pip-shaped, 9-11 x 6-7 /n, punctate. Basidia with 4- sterigmata. Cystidia "club-shaped, or somewhat pyriform set with minute wart-like setae, apex occasionally with a hair-shaped appendix" Lange. On dead leaves, and twigs in woods, especially beech. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1260. M. galopus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 244, t. 207. iyd\a, milk; TTOV?, foot. P. 615 mm., fuscous, or greyish, the indistinct umbo darker, mem- branaceous, conical, then campanulate, striate, smooth, or pruinose. St. 5-11 cm. x 1-2 mm., fuscous, or grey, apex white, firm, somewhat fragile, smooth or pruinose; base thickened, white villose and rooting, containing a milk white juice. Gills white, sometimes becoming glaucous, attenuated behind, slightly adnexed, broader towards the margin of the p. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, oblong elliptic, 12-14 x 6-7 //,. Cystidia hyaline, subulate, fusiform; apex acute, simple or forked, 30-90 x 10-12 x 2-5-3|u. at apex. Amongst dead leaves, on twigs and stumps. Woods, hedgerows, and wood piles. July Jan. Common, (v.v.) var. alba Fl. Dan. Alba, white. Differs from the type in being entirely white. In woods amongst leaves. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. nigra Fl. Dan. (= Mycena leucogala Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1151, t. 653, as Mycena leucogala Cke. Nigra, black. Differs from the type in the dark colour of all its parts. In woods, on stumps, twigs, and leaves. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 396 MYCENA VII. St. juiceless, glutinous, or viscid. Gills at length decurrent with a tooth. 1261. M. epipterygia (Scop.) FT. Cke. Illus. no. 245, t. 208, upper figs. 67T4, upon; Trrepvyiov, a little wing. P. 1-3 cm., cinereous, grey, or yellow, becoming whitish, membrana- ceous, campanulate, then more or less expanded, striate, covered with a viscid, separable pellicle; margin often denticulate. St. 5-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., yellow, sometimes cinereous, pallid, or whitish, covered with a viscid separable pellicle, equal, tough, often flexuose ; base rooted, white fibrillose. Gills white, adnate with a decurrent tooth, straight, or slightly arcuate, little crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, oblong elliptic, 8-11 x 4-5 /x,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia only on gill edge, subglobose, 10-13/x, setulose, soon fugacious. "None" Lange. Smell none, or of rancid fat. Woods, pastures, and on leaves, and twigs. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1262. M. viscosa (Seer.) R. Maire. Viscosa, viscid. P. 2-3 cm., whitish, pearl grey, then greyish brown, and finally reddish brown, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, striate, covered with a viscid separable pellicle. St. 5-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., citron yellow, or golden, equal, viscid, apex whitish; base white fibrillose. Gills whitish, then greyish or flesh colour, adnate with a more or less decurrent tooth, slightly arcuate, narrow, little crowded. Flesh whitish, becoming reddish brown with age, thin. Spores white, shortly elliptic, 8-12 x 6-8/n, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia none. Smell of rancid fat. On needles, and rotten stumps in coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1263. M. epipterygioides Pearson. Epipterygia etSo?, like the species M. epipterygia. P. 1-2 cm., greenish yellow, disc darker, membranaceous, persistently hemispherical, depressed at the centre, viscid pellicle separable; margin striate, or sulcate, often crenate. St. 5-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., greenish, usually with reddish stains at the base, cylindrical, or com- pressed, hollow, viscid. Gills white, then delicate greenish yellow, adnate, with a decurrent tooth, subdistant, with intermediate shorter ones. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 7'5-8/x, contents granular. Basidia 30 x 6*5 /u,, with two prominent sterigmata. Cystidia on edge of gill brush-like; on gill face none. Damp places in pine woods. Oct. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1264. M. plicato-crenata Fr. (= Mycena plicata (Schaefl.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 84, fig. 2. Plicata, folded; crenata, crenate. P. 6-10 mm., white, becoming yellow, membranaceous, conical, sub- umbonate, very sulcato-plicate, somewhat viscid ; margin crenate. St. 4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid reddish, filiform, smooth, viscid. Gills white, MYCENA 397 adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, narrow, attenuated behind, distant. Flesh ofst. light yellow. Spores white, elliptical, " 9-12 x 6/x" Sacc. Amongst moss on heaths, and in coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1265. M. clavicularis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 84, fig. 1. Clavicula, a small key. P. 1-3 cm., whitish, or light yellowish, becoming fuscous, membrana- ceous, campanulate, then convex and umbonate, at length depressed, striate, dry. St. 58 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, or yellowish, equal, tough, smooth, slightly viscid, base fibrillose. Gills whitish, adnate, subdecurrent, often connected by veins. Flesh fuscous, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4//,, " cylindric-lanceolate, 10-12 x 3-4 jn. Cystidia on gill edge vesiculose-bottle-shaped, 30-36 x 9-11 jit, rarely lanceolate without a head" Rick. Woods, and damp places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1266. M. pelliculosa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 246, t. 191, upper figs. Pelliculosa, having a thin skin. P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous, then grey, membranaceous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, lineato- striate to the middle, covered with a viscid, separable pellicle. St. 2-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., white-livid, becoming fus- cous, viscid, rigid, tense and straight, smooth, apex somewhat thick- ened. Gills glaucous white, adnate, alternate, very distant, fold-like, joined in a collar behind, decurrent. Spores white, boat-shaped, 8-9 x 5-Q/jL, 2-guttulate. Cystidia "none" Rick. On heaths, and in heathy woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1267. M. vulgaris (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 246, t. 191, lower figs. Vulgaris, common. P. 6-10 mm., fuscous, or cinereous, sometimes whitish with the papilla fuscous, often rufescent when old, submembranaceous, cam- panulate, then convex, disc depressed, papillate, slightly striate, viscid pellicle separable. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., cinereous, very viscid; base rooting and white strigose. Gills white, or grey, uncinato-adfixed, then decurrent, thin. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 6-9 x 3-4 /*, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "globose, 10-12/i, provided with numerous short, spiny, protuberances" v. Hoehnel. Gregarious. Coniferous woods. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1268. M. citrinella (Pers.) Fr. (= Mycena tenella (Batsch) Sacc.) Pers. Icon, et Desc. t. 11, fig. 3. Citrinella, lemon-coloured. P. 4-10 mm., lemon yellow, disc often darker, membranaceous, cam- panulate, then hemispherical and flattened, striate, slightly viscid. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., lemon yellow, filiform, viscid when moist, base villose. Gills shining white, uncinate, moderately broad, distant. 398 MYCENA Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, "broadly elliptical, 8-8-5 x Ip, or 6-8 x 4/u, (Britz.)" Sacc. Cystidia "filiform-clavate, or fusiform, 30-40 x 5-6 /u," Rick. Gregarious. On pine needles, and wood. Oct. Rare. var. Candida Fr. Candida, shining white. Differs from the type in being shining white, and becoming yellow when dry. 1269. M. rorida Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 4, fig. 4. Rorida, bedewed. Entirely white, or with a greyish tinge, but varying with the p. becoming yellow. P. 3-8 mm., membranaceous, conico-campanulate, then con- vex, dry, sulcate when moist, even when dry; margin crenate. St. 1-3 cm. x 1 mm., filiform, covered over with a thick, fluid, hyaline gluten, base inserted. Gills arcuate, decurrent, distant, the alternate ones shorter. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores white, oblong-elliptic, 8-12 x 4-5 p. Cystidia "in dense, large groups, slightly conical, often somewhat ventricose, 18-25 x 6 9/x, or threadlike, obtuse, slightly ventricose, 22-25 x 6-7 /n" v. Hoehnel. On twigs, in woods, hedge- rows, and wood heaps. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) VIII. St. dry, rootless, the base naked, and dilated into a disc, or strigose and swollen into a little bulb. Tender, solitary, becoming flaccid. 1270. M. stylobates (Pera.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 248, t. 249, fig. A. a-TV\o<f, a pillar; /8a<m, a pedestal. Entirely white, sometimes grey. P. 410 mm., membranaceous, cam- panulate, then convex, pellucidly striate, striae often dichotomous, generally sprinkled with spreading hairs. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 1 mm., fili- form, equal, smooth, dry, arising from a round, striate, white-villose disc. Gills free, wholly separate behind, ventricose, broader in front, distant, alternate. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 2/x, ("7-9 x 3-5-4-5/Lt" Sacc.). Cystidia "on the edge of the gills hair-shaped " Schroet. On twigs, and leaves. June Nov. Com- mon, (v.v.) 1271. M. dilatata Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. Dilatata, spread out. Wholly white. P. 5-10 mm., membranaceous, convexo-plane, ob- tuse, smooth; margin striate. St. 10-15 x 1 mm., filiform, straight, arising from a convex, smooth, glabrous, orbicular disc. Gills -5-1 mm. wide, sublinear, attached to a free collar behind. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, oblong, obtuse at both ends, 7-8 x 3-5/Lt. Cystidia hyaline, clavate, obtuse, or produced into an acute point, 70-80 x 5-7 /x. Dead twigs and leaves in woods and hedgerows. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) MYCENA 399 1272. M. tenerrima Berk. (= Mycena setosa (Sow.) Quel.) Berk. Outl. t. 6, fig. 6. Tenerrima, very delicate. Pure white. P. 2-3 mm., very tender, convex, frosted with minute granules. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., flexuose, pilose, arising from a minute, pubescent disc. Gills free, ventricose, distant, unequal. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 x 3-4//,. Cystidia "50-55 x 10/i" Sacc. Dead twigs, fallen branches, and felled trunks. Aug. April. Common, (v.v.) 1273. M. discopus Lev. (= Mycena setosa (Sow.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 249, t. 192, middle figs. Si<r/co<t, a disc; TTOVS, foot. Entirely shining white. P. 2-4 mm., membranaceous, conical, ob- tuse, mealy-pulverulent. St. 1-2 cm. x 1 mm., very tender, mealy- pulverulent, inserted with a small hairy bulb. Gills adnate, few, fold-like, very distant. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, globose, 3/>t. On twigs, and dead herbaceous stems. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 1274. M. saccharifera B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 249, t. 192, top figs. Saccharon, sugar ',fero, I bear. Whitish, everywhere beset with shining granules. P. 4 mm., hemi- spherical. St. 4 x 1 mm., filiform, fixed at the base by a few flocci. Gills arcuato-decurrent, 8-9, very distant, rather thick, margin and surface granulated. Spores white, globose, 3p. On bramble, rose, furze, and nettle stalks. Nov. March. Uncommon. var. electica Bucknall. Cke. Illus. no. 248, t. 249, fig. C, as Mycena electica Bucknall. Electica, choice. Differs from the type in the sulcate p., and adnate gills. On dead furze, and sticks. 1275. M. pterigena Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 85, fig. 4. Trre/H?, a fern; yiyvofiai, I am born. Entirely rose colour. P. 2-6 mm., globose, then campanulate, 4 mm. high, very tender, pellucidly striate, obtuse, sometimes at length umbilicate. St. 1-7-5 cm. x 1 mm., tense and straight, or flexuose, smooth; base bulbous, white strigose. Gills adnate, broad, distant, edge darker. Flesh pinkish, very thin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 9-12 x 4-6 jn. Cystidia "ovate, or subglobular with numerous, minute, erect setae, contents pinkish" Lange. On dead leaves, and dead fern stems. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) IX. St. very thin, inserted (i.e. growing on other plants without a root, or tubercle, or flocci at the base), dry. Gills adnate, uncinate with a small decurrent tooth. Very tender, becoming flaccid as soon as the sun touches them. 400 MYCENA 1276. M. corticola (Schum.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 85, fig. 2. Corticola, growing on bark. P. 4-10 mm., blackish, becoming azure blue, fuscous, or cinereous, thin, hemispherical, obtuse, at length slightly umbilicate, pellucid, sul- cate, sometimes flocculoso-pruinate. St. 1-3 cm. x 1 mm., paler than the p., sometimes furfuraceous and incurved. Gills paler than the p., adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, broad, somewhat ovate, distant. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores white, globose, 9-10/x. Cystidia "club-shaped, set with short warts and occasionally some few hair- shaped appendices" Lange; "on edge of gill clavate, 30-40 x 9-lOju,, without brush-like head " Eick. On living trunks of deciduous trees. June Jan. Common, (v.v.) 1277. M. hiemalis (Osbeck) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 85, fig. 1. Hiemalis, pertaining to winter. P. 3-7 mm., whitish, flesh colour, rufescent, rarely azure blue, or fuscous, membranaceous, campanulate, disc darker, slightly umbonate ; margin striate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., white, ascending, incurved, pubescent downwards. Gills whitish, or flesh colour, adnate, and un- cinate, narrow, linear. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores white, globose, 8-9jLt, or broadly elliptical, 10-12 x 8-10/x. Basidia with two long, curved sterigmata. Cystidia on gill edge only, hyaline, cylindrical; apex obtuse, or acute, 20-34 x 3-8 p. On trunks in woods. Sept. March. Common, (v.v.) 1278. M. codoniceps Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1149, t. 952, fig. B. K(o8ci)v, a bell; caput, head. P. 1-2 mm., umber, submembranaceous, campanulate, scarcely ex- panding, 2-3 mm. high, sulcate, sprinkled with short, erect hairs. St. 4-10 x 1 mm., umber, apex whitish, attenuated downwards. Gills white, adnate, linear, not crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 2-5- 3/t. Gregarious. On tree-fern stems. June. Rare. 1279. M. setosa (Sow.) Fr. (= Mycena tenerrima Berk.; Mycena dis- copus Lev. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 251, t. 193, fig. 1. Setosa, bristly. Entirely white. P. 1-2 mm., very tender, often becoming fuscous, hemispherical, obtuse, smooth. St. 1-5-3 cm. x -5 mm., filiform, covered with distant spreading hairs. Gills distant. Spores white, pip- shaped, 7-8 x 3 4jii. Amongst dead leaves, especially beech. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1280. M. capillaris (Schum.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 84, fig. 6. Capillaris, hair-like. Entirely white. P. -5-2 mm., very tender, but tough, like a small pin's head, then campanulate, rarely at length umbilicate, slightly striate when moist. St. 2-7 cm. x -5 mm., filiform, flexuose, flaccid, MYCENA. NOLANEA 401 base inserted, rarely girt with radiating fibrils, apex becoming fuscous. Gills adnate, /ew, broad, equal in length. Spores white, "obovate- lanceolate, 7-5-9 x 3-3-7/A, or 9-11 x 3-3-7 p. Cystidia crowded, obovate globular, set with wart-like setae " Lange. On dead leaves, especially beech. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1281. M. juncicola Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 85, fig. 6. Juncus, a rush; colo, I inhabit. P. 2-3 mm., rufescent, or blood red, convex, striate, smooth. St. 12 x -5 mm., fuscous, filiform, inserted, smooth. Gills white, or yellow- ish white, adnate, distant. On dead rushes in bogs, and twigs. June July. Kare. Spores pink. Nolanea Fr. (Nola, a little bell.) Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, regular; margin straight, at first adpressed to the stem. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, adnexed, or sinuato-adnate. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, or glo- bose, smooth, or rough, continuous. Growing on the ground, rarely on wood; solitary, or gregarious. *Gills grey or fuscous. P. dark coloured, hygrophanous. 1282. N. pascua (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 96. Pascua, of pasture. P. 28 cm., fuliginous when moist, hoary, or becoming pale fawn when dry, membranaceous, conical, then campanulate and more or less expanded, striate when moist, silky shining when dry St. 3-8 cm. x 2-6 mm., pallid fuliginous, or silvery tinged with smoke colour, equal, or compressed, soft, silky-fibrous, striate. Gills grey, or whitish-fuligi- nous, sprinkled with the rosy spores, very much attenuated behind, almost free, crowded, thin, ventricose, or rather broader and obtuse towards the margin. Flesh whitish, fuliginous when moist. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 10-13 x 7-8^. Woods, pastures, and road- sides. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. umbonata Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 6, fig. 5, as Nolanea mam- mosa Fr. Umbonata, having an umbo. Differs from the type in the umbonate, bay p., and fibrillosely striate, silvery st. Heaths, woods, and pastures. May Oct. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 1283. N. proletaria Fr. (= Nolanea staurospora Bres. sec. Quel.; Nolanea cetrata Schroet.) Boud. Icon. t. 95. Proletaria, poor. P. 1-5-4 cm., grey, disc umber and villose, submembranaceous, scissile, campanulate, then expanded, very obtuse, striate at the margin when moist. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-5 mm., fuliginous-grey, dirty white, or 402 NOLANEA pale yellow, equal, slightly thickened at the base, very fragile, fibrillose, striate. Gills fuliginous, then greyish, becoming rosy, separating, free, subdistant, watery. Flesh pale, deeper coloured at the periphery, very thin. Spores pink, very angular, generally subquadrangular or stellate, 10-11 x 8-10/ti. Basidia generally with 2-sterigmata only. Woods, and pastures. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1284. N. versatilis Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 12. Versatilis, variable. P. 2-5-5 cm., livid aeruginous, fuscous when dry, submembrana- ceous, convex, then expanded, obtuse, or obtusely umbonate, shining. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., greyish white, with a silvery sheen when dry, rigid. Gills grey, then sprinkled with the rosy spores, adnate, ventri- cose, 3-4 mm. broad, widest in front. Flesh dark, fuscous. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 9-10 x 7/z,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "abundant, clavate, 45-70 x 9-12jLt, with darkish olive, granular contents" Rick. Heaths, pastures, and lawns. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1285. N. Babingtonii Blox. Cke. Illus. no. 363, t. 377, upper figs. Professor C. C. Babington, the eminent botanist. P. 10-15 mm., cinereous, shining like silk, adorned with dark brown, fasciculate fibrils which are free at one end, conico-campanulate, disc rather squamulose. St. 2-5 cm. x 2 mm., clothed with dark brown down, equal, somewhat strigose, slightly wavy. Gills cinereous, darker at the base, adnate, ventricose, distant, glittering with little points. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 7-9/i. Woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. 1286. N. araneosa Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 12. Araneosa, full of spiders' webs. P. 1-2 cm., dark grey, membranaceous, campanulate, fibrillosely silky. St. 3-5-4 cm. x 2 mm., grey, with a greyish fugacious cortina, fragile, fibrillose. Gills greyish-bistre, then dusted with the rosy spores, adnate, 2-3 mm. wide. Flesh dark, then yellowish. Spores pink, an- gular, often pentagonal, oblong, 13-16 x 8-9/n, 1-guttulate. Coni- ferous woods and under conifers. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1287. N. strigosissima Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. Strigosissima, very rough haired. P. 4-8 mm. broad, 3-5 mm. high, reddish brown, or ferruginous, somewhat fleshy, conical, densely clothed with erect, reddish brown stri- gose hairs; hairs elongate, apex blunt, septate, 450-600 x 15-20 p; margin incurved. St. 1-5-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., concolorous, equal, slightly thickened at the base, densely clothed with similar hairs. Gills brown, becoming cinereous, pruinose with the spores, adnate, 1 mm. broad. NOLANEA 403 Mesh concolorous, becoming cinereous, thin, firm. Spores pink, oblong, angular, 15-17 x 7-8/j, often apiculate, 2-guttulate. Basidia pyri- form, or broadly clavate, 36-40 x 15-18/u,, with 4-sterigmata. Cys- tidia on edge of gill sparse, fusiform, or lanceolate, 60-70 x 10-12/z, ; apex acute, thin walled. Cells of the cuticle of the p. pyriform, 25/z in diam. Old pine logs. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1288. N. mammosa (Linn.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 81. Mammosa, having large breasts. P. 2-8 cm., umber, or fuliginous when moist, isabelline-silky when dry, submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, papillate, striate. St. 5-15 cm. x 1-5-3 mm., fuliginous-livid, or yellowish grey, rigid, very cartilaginous, equal, sometimes compressed; apex thickened, white- mealy; base enlarged, white tomentose. Gills grey, then hoary-rose- colour, adnexed, separating-free, ventricose, subdistant. Flesh con- colorous. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 9-11 x 6-7 p, 1-guttulate. Smell none, or like rancid meal. Woods, pastures, and lawns. Feb. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1289. N. papUlata Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 82, fig. 1. Papillata, having a nipple. P. 2-3 cm., fuscous bay, somewhat cinnamon when dry, submembrana- ceous, convexo-subcampanulate, then expanded, papillate, striate. St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, shining, apex obsoletely white- mealy, base white-tomentose. Gills livid white, then fuscous flesh colour, sinuato-adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh concolorous. Spores pink, angular, oblong, 8-11 x 6-7 /x, 1-guttulate. Smell none, or pleasant. Pastures, and lawns. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1290. N. juncea Fr. Juncea, like a rush. P. 1-5-2 cm., umber-fuliginous, then livid when dry, hygrophanous, submembranaceous, conical, then expanded, disc somewhat umbilicate and somewhat squamulose, radiately striate. St. 7-8 cm. x 12 mm., fuscous, then livid fuscous, cartilaginous, equal, round, or compressed. Gills grey, ascending, adnexed, separating, subdistant. Spores pink, "angular, globose, 11-13/n" Quel. In Sphagnum swamps, and in woods. Oct. Rare. var. cuspidata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 99, fig. 2. Cuspidata, having a point. Differs from the type in the papillato-cuspidate pileus. 1291. N. fulvo-strigosa B. &. Br. Fulvus, tawny; strigosa, strigose. P. 18 mm., grey, conical, 12 mm. high, slightly wrinkled. St. 5 cm. x 2 mm., reddish, furfuraceo-squamulose, clothed at the base with rigid red hairs. Gills grey, adnate. Spores pink, 13 x 9/z. Woods. Sept. Rare. 262 404 NOLANEA **Gills becoming yellow, or rufescent. N. nigripes (Trog) Fr. = Naucoria Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. N. pisciodora (Ces.) Fr. = Naucoria Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. 1292. N. rufocarnea Berk. Cke. lUus. no. 364, t. 378, lower figs. Rufus, red; carnea, fleshy P. 23 cm., red-brown, submembranaceous, hemispherical, umbili- cate, indistinctly fibrilloso-squamulose; margin striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., pale rufous, incurved at the slightly thickened base, minutely fibrillose under a lens, apex nearly white. Gills rose colour, adnate, ventricose, attenuated behind, slightly connected and traversed by veins. Flesh white. Spores pink, angular, broadly elliptical, or sub- globose, 8-9 x 7/z. Taste rather bitter. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1293. N. vinaceus (Scop.) Fr. Vinaceus, a grape-stone. P. 3-5 cm., rufescent, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, ob- tuse, slightly striate, shining. St. 5-7 cm. x 3-5 mm., yellow, smooth, glabrous, fistulose. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnate, or emar- ginate, distant, thin. Flesh ochraceous, thin. Spores "subglobose, 6-7/i, the angles scarcely prominent" Rick. Amongst moss in woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1294. N. icterina Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 99, fig. 4. t/crepo?, jaundice. P. 1-3 cm., light yellow green, more rarely yellowish honey colour, disc often fuscous, and here and there fuscous-squamulose, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, submembranaceous, campanulate, soon convex, obtuse, or papillate, often quite reflexed, pellucidly striate, sometimes sprinkled with superficial flocci, slightly silky when dry. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-6 mm., concolorous, or fuscous, rigid, white- mealy at the apex, equal, often compressed. Gills pallid, becoming saffron yellow when rotting, adnexed, separating, sometimes free and decurrent, ventricose, distant, sometimes connected by veins, even, crisped and anastomosing. Flesh yellowish in the pileus, white in the stem. Spores pink, angular, 10-12 x 7-8jii, 1-guttulate. Woods, and gardens. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1295. N. subglobosa (A. & S.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1160, 1. 1170, fig. B. Sub, somewhat; globosa, spherical. P. 2 cm., yellowish, rather fleshy, hemispherical, rather viscid. St. 3-4 cm. x 2 mm., pale, equal, longitudinally striate. Gills ochraceous flesh-colour, nearly free, very broad, rhomboidal, convex. Flesh white, yellowish in the pileus. Spores pink, broadly elliptical, 9 x 7/i. On the ground. Sept. Oct. Rare. NOLANEA 405 ***Gills shining white, then rosy. P. hygrophanous. N. picea Kalchbr. = Naucoria Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. 1296. N. infula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 100, fig. 1. Infula, a fillet. P. 1-4 cm., fawn, or fuliginous when damp, isabelline-livid when dry, shining in either state, membranaceous, pliant, conical, or campanu- late, often repand and irregularly shaped, centre at length depressed. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, cartilaginous, very tough, polished, striate, base white floccose with the mycelium. Gills shining white, then bright rose colour, adnexed, separating free, thin, narrow, very crowded. Flesh dark. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 9 x 6/A, 1-guttulate. Charcoal heaps, lawns, and woods. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) var. versiformis Fr. Versiformis, changing its shape. P. 12 mm., convex, then depressed or even infundibuliform, per- sistently papillate, very densely striate, silky-shining when dry. Burnt ground. ****Whitish. P. not hygrophanous. 1297. N. verecunda Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 99, fig. 5. Verecunda, modest. P. 1-2 cm., watery reddish, but very pallid, not changing colour when dry, submembranaceous, at first subumbonate, then rather obtuse, pellucidly striate to the middle when moist, obsoletely silky towards the fiocculose margin. St. 45 cm. x 24 mm., becoming pale, slightly firm, cartilaginous, splitting into fibrils when crushed, apex mealy. Gills whitish, watery, adnate, separating, rather thick, distant, distinct, ventricose, in the form of a segment, 4-6 mm. broad. Spores "10- 12 x 5-8 p" Massee. Densely gregarious, or growing in troops amongst grass in pastures. Sept. Uncommon. 1298. N. coelestina Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 100, fig. 2. Coelestina, heavenly. P. 2-4 cm., dark azure-blue, rugged disc darker or blackish, membra- naceous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, striate. St. 4 cm. x 1-2 mm., azure-blue-black, attenuated upwards, apex white pruinose. Gills hoary white, adnate, ventricose, very broad. Spores pink, angu- larly globose, 7-8 x 7/u,, rough. On old oak trunk, and in pine woods. Oct. Eare. 1299. N. exilis Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 12. Exilis, thin. P. 12-18 mm., livid bluish grey, disc darker, papillate, membrana- ceous, conical, then expanded, striate. St. 56 cm. x 2 mm., bluish green, filiform, sticky. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, adnexed, 2-3 mm. wide, somewhat crowded. Flesh bluish. Spores pink, angular, 8-10 x 6-7 IJL, 1-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 406 NOLANEA. GALERA 1300. N. rubida Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 367, t. 340, lower figs. Rubida, reddish. P. 8 mm., white or greyish, at length with a pale ruddy tinge, mem- branaceous, convex, at length ura.loilica:te, finely silky. St. 3-4 x 1 mm., white, or greyish, thickest above, minutely silky. Gills whitish, then rose colour, adnate, broad, ventricose, attenuated behind, with fre- quently a more or less distinct tooth, sometimes subdecurrent. Spores pink, "elliptical, 4-5 x 3 /A, smooth. Cystidia none" Massee. Smell of new meal. Among grass in a conservatory. March Nov. Rare. 1301. N. rhodospora Br. & W. G. Sm. poSov, rose; cnropd, seed. P. 2-5 cm., sooty-fibrillose, or rufescent pilose. St. 3 cm. x 2 mm., white, subbulbous. Grills salmon or rose, sinuate or free. Spores pink. On earth, and wooden borders in stoves. May Sept. Rare. 1302. N. minuta Karst. Minuta, small. P. 11 '5 cm., pallid fuscous, paler when dry and shining, convex, sometimes umbilicate, striate up to the umbilicus. St. 3-5 cm. x 1*5 mm., pallid fuscous. Gills pallid, adnate. Spores pink, globose, angular, 7-9 p. On peaty soil in woods. Sept. Uncommon. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. Galera Fr. (Galerus, a cap.) Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous ; margin straight, at first ad- pressed to the stem. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, or adnexed. Spores ochraceous, cinnamon, or ferruginous, elliptical, prunif orm, or almond-shaped ; smooth ; with a germ-pore, rarely con- tinuous. Cystidia generally present. Growing on the ground. *P. conico-campanulate, hygrophanous, rather even, when dry dotted with soft particles; st. tense and straight; gills ascending, inserted at the top of the cone, somewhat crowded. Veil none. 1303. G. hapalaFr. (= Bolbitius apalus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 1. 127, fig. 1, as Galera apala Fr. a-7raXo9, tender. P. 1-6 cm., livid becoming pale, quite white and shining when dry, submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, then campanulate, obtuse, regular, smooth, hygrophanous. St. 10-15 cm. x 2-4 mm., shining white, rather fragile, slightly and equally attenuated upwards, very straight, clothed with dense, erect, white flocci, base sometimes sub- bulbous. Gills whitish, then bright ochraceous, adnexed, then free, very narrowly lanceolate, thin, crowded. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores tawny, pruniform, "12-14 x 7-8 /A" Sacc. Rich grassy places. Sept. Rare. GALERA 407 var. sphaerobasis v. Post. <r<f>aipa, a globe; j3d<ris, base. Differs from the type in the smooth stem, and bulbous base. Grassy places. 1304. G. lateritia Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 127, fig. 2. Lateritia, brick-red. P. 1-2-5 cm., ferruginous, or pale yellowish, ochraceous when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, acorn-shaped, then campanulate, ob- tuse, smooth; margin slightly and densely striate when moist. St. 7-11 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, attenuated upwards, tense and straight, very fragile, even, white pruinose. Gills cinnamon, or tawny ferruginous, adnexed, then free, ascending, very narrow, almost adpressed to the st. Flesh white, thin. Spores ochraceous, " elliptical, with a flattened germ-pore, 12-15 x 8-10)Lt, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill basidia- like; apex prominent, small, stalked, capitate" Kick. Rich pastures, and grassy places. June Oct. Rare. 1305. G. tenera (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 518, t. 461, upper figs. Tenera, tender. P. 1-2 cm., pallid ferruginous, becoming pale when dry, hygropha- nous, submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, smooth, slightly striate when moist, opaque, somewhat atomate, or pulverulent. St. 7-5- 10 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, fragile, equal, or when larger thickened downwards, tense and straight, somewhat shining, striate upwards, pul- verulent. Gills cinnamon, adnate, then free, ascending, linear, somewhat crowded. Flesh yellowish, slightly reddish in the st., thin. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptical, with a flattened germ-pore, 14-15 x 8-9/t. Cystidia on gill edge flask-shaped, apex subglobose, or obtuse; 18- 20 x 9-10 x 4-6/z, at apex. Woods, pastures, roadsides and gardens. April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1306. G. pilosella (Pers.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 518, t. 461, lower figs., as Galera tenera Schaeff. var. pilosella. Pilosella, hairy. P. 1-5-2 cm., ferruginous, becoming paler when dry, hygrophanous, submembranaceous, hemispherical, densely covered with short, erect hairs. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, equal, densely covered with short, erect hairs. Gills ferruginous, margin paler, adnexed, then free, ventricose, 4-5 mm. wide, subdistant. Flesh of p. whitish, concolorous in the stem. Spores pale ferruginous, elliptic oblong, 13-15 x 8/Lt. Basidia broadly clavate, 20-25 x 12-14/4, with 2-4-sterigmata. Cys- tidia on gill edge only, sparse, fusiform, apex globose ; 20-22 x 9-10 x 4-5/A at apex. Amongst grass in pastures and on rotten wood. March Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1307. G. flexipes Karst. Flexus, bent; pes, foot. P. 11-5 cm., ferruginous, ochraceous when dry, fleshy membrana- ceous, campanulate, obtuse, pellucidly striate when moist. St. 2- 408 GALERA 3 cm. x 1-5 mm., pallid, becoming ferruginous, equal, flexuose, white fibrillose, apex white pruinose. Gills pallid, becoming ferruginous, adnate, crowded, oblong. Spores 10-12 x 5-6/z. Amongst grass and rotten wood. May Sept. Rare. 1308. 6. siliginea Fr. Siligo, a kind of very white wheat. P. 1-2 cm., pallid grey, membranaceous, globoso-campanulate, then convex and expanded, unequal, smooth; margin often flexuose. St. 5-7 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, or pallid, equal, often flexuose, sprinkled with white pruina. Gills pallid ochraceous, broadly adnate, broadly linear, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores ochraceous, broadly elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 /A. Cystidia "stalked, capitate" Rick. Pastures and roadsides. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1309. G. campanulata Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1174, 1. 1156, as Galera siliginea Fr. Campanula, a little bell. P. 12 cm., deep cinnamon, almost white and atomate when dry, per- sistently campanulate, subacute, smooth, hygrophanous, slightly rugulose. St. 5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, base darker, whitish when dry, equal, or slightly incrassated at the base, flexuose, almost glabrous. Gills tawny cinnamon, adnate, 2 mm. broad, rather crowded. Flesh white when dry, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, ends rather acute, 12 x 7 JM. Smell strong. Gregarious. Road scrapings, and dry places by roadsides. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1310. G. ovalis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 519, t. 462. Ovalis, oval. P. 2-3 cm., ferruginous, becoming yellow when dry, submembrana- ceous, ovato-campanulate, obtuse, smooth; margin straight and ad- pressed to the st. St. 7-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, tense and straight, slightly striate, very fragile. Partial veil here and there in the form of a ring, fugacious. Gills ferruginous, somewhat free, very ventricose and broad, crowded, subdeliquescent. Flesh reddish, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 6fi. Pastures, and on dung. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1311. G. antipus (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 128, fig. 2. ami, opposite; Troy?, foot. P. 1-3 cm., deep ochraceous, pale almost white when dry, hygropha- nous, fleshy, campanulate, then expanded, disc prominent, smooth. St. 2-5-8 cm., paler than the p., tense and straight, equal, or bulbous at the ground level, then continued into a long, tortuose, smooth, tail- like root, apex white-mealy. Gills light yellowish ochraceous, then cinna- mon, almost free, attenuated behind, semi-lanceolate, crowded. Flesh white when dry, thick at the disc. Spores cinnamon, "nearly angular- lemon-shaped, 8-10 x 6-7 /n. Cystidia on edge of gill, basidia-like- pyriform, apex prominent, small, stalked, capitate, stalk very short, GALERA 409 head 45 /z, base 12 x 9//," Eick. Pastures, bare soil in gardens, and on dung. March Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1312. G. conferta (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 18. Conferta, crowded. P. 2-3 cm., fuscous, fuscous ochraceous when dry, hygrophanous, submembranaceous, acutely conico-campanulate, fragile, striate, smooth, often glittering with micaceous particles. St. 2-5 cm. x 1 2 mm., whitish, or cream colour, very fragile, silky, shining, naked, attenuated at the base into a long root, striate, apex mealy. Gills white, then fuscous ochraceous, slightly adnexed, then free, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, "ochraceous, pruniform, 10 p, " Quel. Very crowded, subcaespitose. Stoves, and on tan. Nov. 1313. G. spicula (Lasch) Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 7, fig. 5, as Nau- coria furfuraceus Pers. Spiculum, a little sharp point. P. 5-15 mm., brown ochre, membranaceous, conico-campanulate, then expanded, hygrophanous, smooth, striate when moist, floccu- lose when dry and atomate. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, equal, thickened at the base, firm, densely covered with white flocci. Gills ochraceous, then cinnamon, adnate, ventricose, 1-5-2 mm. broad. Flesh concolorous, whitish in the St., very thin. Spores cinnamon, elliptical, 6-8 x 4/z, "with an apical germ pore. Cystidia stalked-capi- tate; head 8-9 />t, stalk 3-4 x 3-4/i, base 18-20 x 15-18^" Rick. Coconut fibre trunks, and fallen leaves. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1314. G. spartea Fr. o-Tra/oro?, esparto grass. P. 5-12 mm., watery ferruginous, or cinnamon, tan when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, then expanded, obtuse, pellucidly striate when moist, smooth. St. pale tawny, date brown at the base, tense and straight, equal, smooth, polished, flexile, diaphanous. Gills darker than the p., wholly adnate, somewhat linear, then plane, crowded. Flesh concolorous, becoming paler, thin, very fragile. Spores ferruginous, "subelliptical, 6-8 x 3-4 /x, smooth. Cystidia stalked-capitate, base subglobose, 15 x 12-15/x, head 5-6 /i" Rick. Amongst moss on heaths, pastures, and on burnt soil. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1315. G. pygmaeoaffinis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 128, fig. 1. Ajjinis, allied to Naucoria pygmaea. P. 2-4 cm., subfuscous, or honey colour, then tan, fleshy membrana- ceous, campanulate, then flattened, dry, delicately and under a lens conspicuously reticulato-wrinkled, almost rugged or minutely granular. St. 5-7-5 x 2 mm., shining white, fragile, equal, often striate and pruinose at the apex. Veil scarcely any. Gills clay-ochraceous, then ferruginous ochraceous, just reaching the st., almost free, thin, 410 GALERA crowded. Flesh concolorous, very thin at the margin. Spores pale ochraceous, "elliptical, with a flattened germ-pore, 15-18 x 8-12/n, smooth. Basidia 2-spored. Cystidia on edge of gill pyriform, apex prominent, stalked, small, capitate, stalk 3-4 x Iju,, head round, 3-4 fjL, base 9/t broad" Rick. Grassy places at the base of trees, heaths, thickets, and cucumber house. July Nov. Uncommon. **P. membranaceous, campanulate, striate, smooth, hygrophanous, even when dry, opaque, slightly silky; st. thin, lax, flexile; gills broadly and planely adnate, broad, somewhat denticulate ; cortina very fugacious. Slender, growing amongst moss. 1316. G. vittaeformis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 522, t. 464, upper figs. Villa, a fillet ; forma, shape. P. 1-2-5 cm., date brown, tawny, or reddish, membranaceous, conical, then hemispherical, obtuse, rarely papillate, pellucid, disc even, smooth; margin striate, often delicately villose. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 1- 2 mm., rubiginous, opaque, equal, somewhat straight, smooth, or some- times pubescent or pruinose, slightly striate under a lens. Veil scarcely conspicuous. Gills watery cinnamon, then ferruginous, adnate, ventri- cose, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores pale ferrugi- nous, "almond-shaped, 11-15 x 7-9 /A, rough. Cystidia lanceolate, 50-60 x 10-12 jit, with a long, blunt point" Rick. Amongst moss, and on burnt ground in pastures. May Nov. Uncommon. 1317. G. rubiginosa (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 128, fig. 3, as var. major. Rubiginosa, rusty. P. 6-30 mm., cinnamon, or honey colour, tan colour when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, striate through- out, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 1-2 mm., bay brown, or dark ferruginous, equal, tough, flaccid, shining, smooth or pubescent under a lens. Gills ochraceous, adnate, ascending, rather broad, but almost linear. Flesh concolorous, becoming pale, thin. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 10 x 5{j,. Woods, heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1318. G. hypnorum (Schrank) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 523, t. 465. Hypnum, a moss. P. 6-12 mm., ochraceous pale yellowish, or watery cinnamon, tan when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, often papillate at the umbo, or obtuse, Uneato-striate except at the disc, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 1-2 mm., slightly tawny, lemon yellow, or ochra- ceous, equal, fiexuose, lax, smooth, apex pruinose. Gills cinnamon tawny, adnate, broad, ventricose, distant, often connected by veins, edge fiocculose. Flesh yellowish, thin. Spores ferruginous, almond- shaped, 11-15 x 6-8 p.. Cystidia fusiform, ventricose, 50-65 x 15- 17 x 5-7 /i. at apex. Woods, heaths, and pastures. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) GALERA 411 var. bryonun (Pers.) Fr. Bryum, a moss. Differs from the type in its larger size, and rather horny papilla. Woods, heaths, and hedgerows. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. sphagnorum (Pers.) Fr. Sphagnum, a moss. Differs from the type in being twice or thrice as large, and in the long, subfibrillose tawny st. Bogs, and amongst Sphagna in woods. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1319. G. mniophila (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 524, t. 466, upper figs. pviov, moss; <i\o?, loving. P. 1-1-5 cm., fuscous light yellowish, almost clay colour when dry, membranaceous, campanulate, almost papillate, striate, disc even. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., yellow, equal, flexile, fibrillose, apex mealy, base floccose. Gills light yellow ochraceous, then often fuscous clay colour, obtusely adnate, piano-ascending, broad, subdistant. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores ochraceous, oblong elliptical, 10-12 x 6/u,. Cystidia "on edge of gill cylindrical-filiform, 30-36 x 3-4 /A" Rick. Amongst mosses especially Mnium. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1320. G. minuta Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. m, t. 1, fig. 5. Minuta, little. P. 2-3 mm., ochraceous flesh, colour, or chamois-bistre, membrana- ceous, campanulate, glabrous, striate. St. 1 cm. x 1 mm., tawny, shining, smooth, arising from an arachnoid white pellicle. Gills cream bistre, adnate, triangular, edge minutely fringed under a lens. Spores ochraceous, pruniform, 6/x. In troops. Amongst moss, and on the ground. Sept. Oct. Rare. ***P. submembranaceous, veil manifest, superficial, separating, at the first (chiefly round the margin) silky, and squamulose. 1321. G. pityria Fr. TrLrvpov, bran. P. 2-5 cm., lurid, or becoming ferruginous, pallid tan when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, obtuse, smooth, viscid; margin appendiculate with the fugacious, partial veil, at length striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., silvery-shining, firm, cartilagi- nous, but at length splitting into fibrils, tough, equal, smooth, rarely fibrillose, apex white pulverulent. Gills watery cinnamon, then ferrugi- nous, slightly adnexed, ascending, crowded. Spores ferruginous, "almond-shaped, 12-13 x 8-9 fi, verrucose. Cystidia on edge of gill filiform-clavate, 36-45 x 4-7 /A" Rick. Damp, frondose woods. Oct. Nov. Rare. 1322. G.ravidaFr. Cke. Illus. no. 525, t. 467, fig. A. Ravida, greyish. P. 1-4 cm., of a peculiar greyish colour, dirty ochraceous when dry, fleshy membranaceous, campanulate, then hemispherical, moist, 412 GALERA. PSATHYRA somewhat slightly viscid, very hygrophanous, somewhat silky when dry, margin appendiculato-toothed with the white veil when young. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, becoming somewhat yellow, but silvery shining, very fragile, ascending, or twisted, equal, fibrillosely striate, apex somewhat pruinose. Gills ochraceous saffron, or pale yellowish, somewhat free, broad, ventricose, distant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores ochraceous, " subfusif orm-elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5 /A, smooth" Rick. Gregarious. Amongst chips, or rotten wood. Sept. Oct. Un- common. 1323. G. mycenopsis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 129, fig. 1. Mycena a-tyis, like a Mycena. P. 6-20 mm., pallid honey colour, slightly fleshy membranaceous, subglobose, then campanulate, at length convexo-plane, obtuse, or gibbous with a broadly elevated disc, naked at the disc, striate and silky to the middle with superficial, white, villose down', margin often clothed with little white scales the remains of the veil. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellowish, white silky with adpressed, villose down, attenuated upwards, straight or undulated, soft, apex obsoletely pruinose, or slightly furfuraceous, base white villose. Gills pallid, adnexed, then free, so ventricose at the middle as almost to be triangular, distant. Flesh greyish in the p., whitish in the St., thick at the disc. Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, 9-13 x 5-8jM. Cystidia bottle-shaped, apex often globose, base ventricose, 46-52 x 15-18 x 6-10/z, at apex. Sphagnum swamps and in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1324. G. Sahleri Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 13. Sahler. P. 48 mm., tawny chestnut, honey colour when dry, disc brighter coloured, membranaceous, campanulate, often acutely conical, smooth, hygrophanous, striate; margin at first covered with silky, fugacious fibrils. St. 1-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., amber coloured, shining, filiform, fra- gile, fibrillose. Gills cream colour, then tawny ochraceous, adnate, 1 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh yellowish, very thin. Spores tawny ochre, oval, 9-11 x 6-7 p, with an apical germ-pore. On mossy stumps, especially fir. May Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) Spores purple, or fuscous. Psathyra Fr. (^raQvpos, fragile.) Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, regular; margin straight, at first adpressed to the stem. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills adnate, adnexed, or free. Spores purple, fuscous, or cinereous purple; ellip- tical, oval, or oblong elliptical; smooth; with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, or on wood; solitary, or caespitose. PSATHYRA 413 P. sarcocephala (Fr.) Quel. = Psilocybe sarcocephala Fr. P. canobrunnea (Batsch) Quel. = Psilocybe canobrunnea (Batsch) Fr. P. spadicea (Fr.) Quel. = Psilocybe spadicea Fr. P. cernua (Fl. Dan.) Quel. = Psilocybe cernua (Fl. Dan.) Fr. P.foenisecii (Pers.) Quel. = Psilocybe foenisecii (Pers.) Fr. I. P. conico-campanulate, gills ascending, adnexed, often free. St. tense and straight. Veil none. 1325. P. elata Massee. (= Psathyra conopilea FT. va,i. superba (Jungh.) Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1185, t. 1158, as Psathyra conopilea Fr. var. superba Jung. Elata, tall. P. 2-5-5 cm., dark clear brown, pale ochraceous and minutely atomate when dry, submembranaceous, obtusely campanulate, very sym- metrical, smooth. St. 10-17-5 cm. x 5-6 mm., snow white, silky shining, slightly and uniformly attenuated upwards, straight, rigid, smooth. Gills whitish, then purplish brown, broadly adnate, 3-4 mm. broad, soft, crowded. Flesh brownish, becoming whitish, thin at the margin. Spores brown with a purple tinge, elliptical, 18 x 8-9/Lt. Amongst grass in hedge banks. Aug. Rare. 1326. P. conopilea Fr. (= Psathyra superba Jungh. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 609, t. 575. KWVO?, a cone; pileus, cap. P. 2-5 cm., bay brown, then pale ochraceous when dry, submembrana- ceous, conico-campanulate, scarcely expanded, obtuse, smooth, fragile. St. 10-15 cm. x 2-4 mm., silvery-shining, becoming yellowish, slightly attenuated upwards, tense and straight, polished, smooth. Gills white, then flesh colour and finally fuscous purple, adnexed in the top of the cone, 4-5 mm. broad, only slightly ventricose, crowded. Flesh yellow- ish, then whitish, thin. Spores fuscous purple, broadly elliptical, 12-15 x 7-8/x. Pastures, roadsides, ditches. Sept. Nov. Un- common, (v.v.) 1327. P. mastigera B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 610, t. 591, fig. A. //,a<7T09, a breast; gero, I bear. P. 2-3 cm., dark rich brown, umber tan when dry, fleshy, nearly cylindrical, obtuse, conico-campanulate, with a strong mammiform umbo, repand; margin straight. St. 6-8 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, at- tenuated upwards, smooth, or fibrillose and furfuraceous. Gills umber, edge paler, affixed, ascending, rather narrow. Flesh pale umber, thick at the disc. Spores fuscous, "elliptical, 15-16 x 7-8 JLI" Massee. Roadsides amongst grass. July Nov. Rare. 1328. P. Loscosii Rabenh. Francisco Loscos. P. 5 cm., greyish fuscous, membranaceous, campanulate, then ex- panded, radiately sulcate, folds at length granularly crenate; margin 414 PSATHYBA involute. St. 7-5-12-5 cm. x 4-5 mm., pallid, becoming fuscous, equal, tough, striate. Gills fuscous, becoming black, adnate, somewhat crowded. Flesh sienna, thin. Smell and taste slight, fungoid. Caespi- tose. Gardens, on mushroom beds. Nov. Eare. 1329. P. corrugis (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 611, t. 576. Corrugis, full of wrinkles. P. 1-4 cm., rose colour, or pallid flesh colour, becoming pale when dry, submembranaceous, fragile, campanulate, often subumbonate, smooth, slightly striate when moist, wrinkled when dry, sprinkled with shining atoms. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-5 mm., whitish, or rufescent, equal, tense and straight, slightly firm, smooth. Gills white, then violaceous, at length blackish, edge white, adnate, or sinuato-adnate, ventricose. Flesh whitish, thin. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 12-14 x 6-7 /u,. Cys- tidia " ventricose-fusiform, 60-75 x 10-12/M, often with a clavate, swollen apex" Eick. Woods, pastures, hedgerows, and gardens. April Jan. Common, (v.v.) var. vinosa (Cda.) B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 612, t. 592. Vinosa, wine colour. Differs from the type in the somewhat roseate p. Gardens, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. gracilis B. & Br. Gracilis, thin. Differs from the type in being more slender. Gardens, and roadsides. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) These forms are not really worthy of varietal names. 1330. P. peUosperma (Bull.) B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 613, t. 577. TreXXo?, dark coloured; wep^a, seed. P. 1-5-3 cm., white, or ochrey white, becoming fuliginous with age, subcampanulate, or subovate, smooth, then striate, sometimes rugose. St. 6-12 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, or concolorous, nearly equal, naked. Gills cinereous, then fuliginous, at length black, free, broad, much narrowed at the tips. Flesh white, thin. Spores cinereous fuscous, elliptical, 8 x 4-5/x. Woods, and gardens. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 1331. P. gyroflexa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1184, t. 970. yvpos, round ',flexa, bent. P. 11-5 cm., white, then pallid, or greyish, disc rufescent, submem- branaceous, conical, then campanulate, obtuse, smooth, atomate; margin striate. St. 45 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, shining, fragile, flexuose, twisted, smooth. Gills greyish, then purple, adnate, ascending, broad. Flesh white, thin. Spores "brown, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6 /x, smooth. Cystidia on edge of gill ventricose-flask-shaped, 36-40 x 10-15/x, blunt" Eick. Scattered, or subcaespitose. Pastures, and at the roots of trees. Aug. Uncommon. PSATHYRA 415 1332. P. tenuicula Karst. Tenuicula, slight. P. whitish, then livid, or smoky, pale when dry, campanulate, then somewhat expanded, everywhere striate. St. hyaline, pellucid, usually wavy. Gills pallid, then grey, adnate. Flesh, very thin. Spores, ellip- tical, 5-6 x 3fj,. II. P. campanulato-convex, flattened, smooth, or atomate; gills piano- or arcuato-adfixed. Veil none. 1333. P. spadiceo-grisea (Schaeff.) Fr. Boud. Icon. 1. 135, as Psilocybe spadiceo-grisea (Schaeff.) Fr. Spadicea, date brown ; grisea, grey. P. 3-6 cm., date brown, whitish grey when dry, very hygrophanous, submembranaceous, very fragile, campanulate, then convex, at length flattened, obtuse, or with a darker umbo, smooth ; margin striate. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., whitish, shining, equal, apex striate, sometimes pulverulent, base slightly swollen and white hairy. Gills umber fuscous, adnexed, attenuated behind, at first ascending, narrow, crowded. Flesh more or less fuliginous, becoming whitish, rather thick. Spores brownish purple, oblong-elliptic, 8-11 x 4-6 //,, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia "on surface of gill ventricose-cylindrical, 40-50 x 9-1 2 p, on edge of gill vesiculose-clavate, 30-40 x 15-20 /u," Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Solitary, or gregarious. On stumps, or at the base of trees. Woods, and plantations. March Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1334. P. obtusata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 615, t. 593. Obtusata, blunted. P. 1-3 cm., date brown fuscous, or umber fuscous, paler at the margin, somewhat shining, submembranaceous, conical, then convex, at length flattened, obtuse, wrinkled, disc even, hygrophanous; margin striate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, equal, round, fragile, fibrilloso- silky. Gills cinereous fuscous, then umber, adnate, broad, distinct, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores "reddish brown under the microscope, elliptical, 9-10 x 5/u,, smooth. Cystidia lan- ceolate-flask-shaped, 45-60 x 12-15/u," Rick. Solitary, or caespi- tose. On oak trunks, and on the ground. Woods, and hedgerows. Aug. Nov. Uncommon. var. minor (Vaill.) Fr. Minor, smaller. Differs from the type in its smaller size. 1335. P. neglecta Massee. Neglecta, overlooked. P. 6-8 mm., pale ochraceous, white when dry except the disc, convex, then almost plane, smooth, atomate when dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, tinged with rufous below, pellucid, rather wavy, smooth. Gills purple brown at maturity, slightly attached, rather broad, ventricose, crowded. Spores purple brown, elliptical, 12 x 6/u,. On the ground. Gardens. Oct. Nov. Rare. 416 PSATHYRA III. P. and st. at the first floccose or fibrillose from the universal veil. 1336. P. frustulenta Fr. Frustuknta, full of small pieces. P. 23 cm., watery ferruginous, but somewhat pallid, becoming pale when dry, submembranaceous, very fragile, campanulate, then hemi- spherical, obtuse, somewhat striate when moist, whitish floccose at or about the margin. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, equal, somewhat undulate, fibrillose, or sprinkled with white flocci. Gills watery cinnamon, then fuscous, adnate, ascending, crowded. Flesh thin at the disc. Spores "brown, short, elliptical, almost round, 6-7 x 4-5 fi, smooth. Cystidia fusiform, 45-50 x 10-12/u," Rick. Amongst damp gravel. Woods. Sept. Rare. 1337. P. bifrons Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 616, t. 594, fig. A. Bifrons, with two faces. P. 5-20 mm., ochraceous brown, tinged with red, pale tan when dry, submembranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, slightly wrinkled, covered with a delicate evanescent veil when young; margin thin, transparent. St. 4-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, thickest at the base, straight, very brittle, minutely satiny, naked. Gills pinkish cinereous, adnate, moder- ately broad ; edge white, composed of minute wavy teeth Flesh yellow- ish, thin. Spores cinereous purple, elliptical, obtuse at the one end, subapiculate at the other, 9-10 x 4-5 /x. Cystidia "on edge of gill subulate, 36-40 x 6-8 /A, blunt" Rick. Woods, hedgerows, and wood heaps. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. semitincta Phill. Cke. Illus. no. 616, t. 594, fig. B. Semi-, half; tincta, dyed. Differs from the type in the pinkish p., with ochraceous disc. Woods, and hedgerows. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1338. P. fatua Fr. (= Hypholoma fatuum (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 618, t. 595, fig. A. Fatua, foolish. P. 3-8 cm., tan fuscous, ochraceous clay when dry, submembrana- ceous, oval, then campanulate, at length expanded, obtuse, everywhere adpressedly fibrillose when young (the fibrils soon fugacious), then smooth, rugulose and whitish clay colour when full grown ; margin somewhat undulate, sometimes appendiculate with the veil. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 46 mm., shining white, somewhat firm, soon smooth, apex striate and white mealy, base white villose. Gills white, then fuscous, adnate, linear, 3-4 mm. broad, crowded, edge often white. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, "12-13 x 6-7 /x" Sacc. Caespitose, rarely solitary. Thickets, gardens, and rich pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. PSATHYRA 417 1339. P. semivestita B. & Br. (= Hypholoma semivestitum (B. & Br.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 617, t. 578. Semi-, half; vestita, clothed. P. 1-2 cm., dark brown, becoming pale, ovate, obtuse, sprinkled with little snow-white fibrils more than half way up. St. 57 cm. x 3 mm., snow-white, with a pale under tinge of brown, nearly straight, fibril- loso-silky, the walls within white with down. Gills umber brown, tinged with the dark spores, adnate, ascending, broad behind. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores brownish purple, elliptical, 10-12 x 5(j.. Cystidia "fusiform, 45-60 x 10-13//," Eick. Caespitose, or soli- tary. Amongst grass. Rich pastures, and woods. Aug. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 1340. P. fibrfflosa (Pers.) Fr. (= Hypholoma fibrillosum (Pers.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 618, t. 595, fig. B. Fibrillosa, full of fibrils. P. 2-3 cm., livid, or becoming white, submembranaceous, fragile, campanulate, then convex, at length flattened, obtuse, striate, covered with long, white, fugacious fibrils, soon smooth. St. 6-10 cm. x 4 6 mm., white, equal, fragile, clothed throughout with fibrilloso-fascicu- late, spreading, fugacious, white squamules, then smooth. Gills cinereous, then becoming black purple, adnate, broader behind, 6-10 mm. broad, at length plane, edge often white. Flesh greyish, becoming white, thin at the margin. Spores black purple, pip-shaped, 6 x 3/x. Cystidia " on edge of gill, vesiculose-clavate " Rick. Solitary. Woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1341. P. Gordonii B. & Br. (= Hypholoma Gordonii (B. & Br.) Big. & Guillem.) Cke. Illus. no. 620, t. 580, fig. A. Marchioness of Huntly. P. 2-4 cm., pale cinereous, then white, membranaceous, campanu- late, sulcato-striate, sprinkled with white floccose scales. St. 4-5 cm. x 3 mm., white, equal, brittle, transversely undulated, white pruinose above, floccose below, becoming at length smooth and shining. Gills cinereous, narrowly adnate, ascending, moderately broad, distant. Flesh yellowish, somewhat thick at the disc. Spores "broad, ellip- tical, 11-13 x 7-8 ii, smooth, subopaque" Rick. Smell faint, nauseous. Densely caespitose. Stumps, and amongst chips. Oct. Rare. 1342. P. glareosa B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 610, t. 591, fig. B. Glareosa, belonging to gravel. -' P. 1215 mm., grey, disc pale chestnut, campanulate, obtuse, or umbonate, striate, withfiocci like little crumbs. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., brown, clothed with white fibrils. Gills umber, adnate, broad behind. Flesh brown, especially close to the gills. Spores black. On gravelly soil after wet weather. June. Rare. 27 418 PSATHYEA 1343. P. helobia Kalchbr. (= Psathyra corrugis (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rick.) Kalclibr. Icon. t. 17, fig. 4. eXo?, a marsh; /3to?, life. P. 4-6 cm., fuliginous umber, becoming pallid day colour, or some- what rufescent when dry, scarcely fleshy, hygrophanous, campanulate, soon plane or depressed, slightly umbonate, radiately rugose, with concentric, elevated ridges towards the spreading, striate margin. St. 10-20 cm. x 2-3 mm., paler umber than the p., rufescent, becoming pallid when dry, equal, undulate, flexuose, covered with lax, whitish, fugacious flocci, fragile. Gills fuliginous, adnate, rounded behind, ventricose, somewhat crowded. Flesh watery reddish. Spores black, "elliptical, ends rather acute, 12 x 6/1" Massee. Gregarious. Moist places in pine woods. Sept. Rare. 1344. P. pennata Fr. (= Hypholoma pennatum (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. lUus. no. 620, t. 580, fig. B. Pennata, feathered. P. 2-3 cm., inclining to livid, then white, or becoming fuscous-brick when young, submembranaceous, ovate, then campanulate, 12 mm. high, for a long time densely clothed with white, fugacious, plumose scales towards the margin, at length naked. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, then silvery, fragile, equal, villose, apex white pulverulent. Gills livid, then fuscous blackish, adnexed, ventricose, 4-5 mm. broad, crowded, edge often white. Flesh pallid, thin at the margin. Spores blackish purple, pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4-5 JLI, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on surface of gill lanceolate-pointed, 50-70 x 10-20/z, on edge of gill vesiculose-clavate, 40-50 x 8-10/Li, sometimes with reddish con- tents" Rick. Gregarious. Burnt soil, and sawdust. Woods and gardens. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1345. P. gossypina (Bull.) Fr. (= Hypholoma gossypinum (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 621, t. 612, fig. A. Gossypina, cottony. P. 1-5-3 cm., ochraceous clay, disc darker, submembranaceous, cam- panulate, then expanded, tomentose with white, fugacious flocci, soon becoming smooth', margin striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 3 4mm., whitish, densely tomentose with white, erect flocci, equal, or slightly attenuated at the base, fragile. Gills white, then fuscous-black, adnate, 34 mm. broad, ventricose, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores purple, elliptical, 8-9 x 4/x. Subcaespitose. On the ground, and on twigs. Woods and heaths. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1346. P. noli-tangere Fr. (= Hypholoma noli-tangere (Fr.) Quel.) FT. Icon. t. 138, fig. 3. Noli-tangere, touch not. P. 1-2-5 cm., pallid umber, or dark fuscous, becoming pale when dry, very hygrophanous, fragile, membranaceous, campanulate, then ex- panded, obtuse, smooth, striate throughout, becoming even when dry, covered with white, fugacious, thin flocci round the margin. St. 2- 4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid fuscous, base darker, equal, very fragile, often PSATHYRA. PSATHYRELLA 419 curved, smooth. Gills pallid, then dark fuscous, adnate, broad, plane. Flesh grey, very thin at the margin. Spores lilac, "subcylindrical, 7-9 x 4-5 p, smooth, transparent brown. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform, 40-45 x 10-13ju, " Rick. Gregarious. Oak chips, and damp shady ground. Sept. Dec. Rare. 1347. P. microrhiza (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 622, t. 596, fig. A. /zitf/oo?, small; pi^a, root. P. -5-3 cm., ochraceous, or rufous brown, becoming pale, membrana- ceous, campanulate, dry, shining with atoms, at first yellow pilose. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-3 mm., whitish, fragile, rooting, silky. Gills pallid, then black brown, adnexed, narrow, crowded. Spores/wscows, "broadly elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 p, smooth, transparent brown. Cystidia lan- ceolate, 45-50 x 10-12 fi, blunt" Rick. Gregarious. Bare soil in gardens. Sept. Rare. P. urticaecola B. & Br. = Coprinus urticaecola (B. & Br.) Buller. Spores black, or blackish. Psathyrella Fr. (Diminutive of Psathyra.) Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, regular; margin straight, at first adpressed to the stem. Stem central, confluent with the pileus. Gills adnate, or free. Spores black, or fuscous black, elliptical, or oval; smooth; with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, or on wood ; solitary, or caespitose. *St. tense and straight, smooth. 1348. P. subatrata (Batsch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 139, fig. 1. Sub, somewhat; atrata, clothed in black. P. 2-5-5 cm., umber-rufescent, fuliginous, or somewhat olivaceous, pallid rufescent when dry, membranaceous, campanulate, 2-5 cm. high, then expanded, obtuse, or somewhat umbonate, smooth, slightly striate round the margin. St. 2-5-12-5 cm. x 24 mm., becoming pale white, tense and straight, equal, smooth. Gills fuliginous blackish, almost umber, adnexed in the top of the cone, adnate when the p. is more expanded, linear, usually 2 mm. broad, sometimes ven- tricose, 4 mm. broad. Flesh yellowish white, somewhat fuliginous under the cuticle of the p., thin. Spores fuliginous black, elliptical, 14-17 x 7-9 /x. Cystidia "on edge of gill bluntly fusiform, 45-55 x 8-15/i" Rick. Taste bitter. Gregarious. Rich pastures, woods, and hedgerows. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1349. P. gracilis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 635, t. 634. Gracilis, slender. P. 1-4 cm., fuliginous, livid, or pale grey, tan, rosy, or whitish when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, 272 420 PSATHYRELLA slightly and pellucidly striate only round the margin. St. 6-8 cm. x 23 mm., whitish, remarkably tense and straight, fragile, equal, smooth, naked, base white villose. Gills whitish, then cinereous-blackish, wholly adnate, commonly broader behind, rarely linear, subdistant, edge rose- coloured. Flesh white, thin. Spores black, oblong elliptical, 11-14 x 5-6'5/M. Cystidia on edge of gill abundant, fusiform, or cylindrical, apex obtuse, 5-9/u. in diam., base subventricose, 36-50 x 8-16/x. Gregarious. Woods, hedgerows, waysides, and wood heaps. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1350. P. hiascens Fr. (= Coprinus hiascens (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 636, t. 635. Hiascens, splitting. P. 2-3 cm., livid, then becoming yellow, membranaceous, conico- campanulate, 2-5 cm. high, obtuse, smooth, soon split and opening in furrows often to the middle, the divided margin at length revolute. St. 4-7*5 cm. x 23 mm., whitish, tense and straight, rigid-fragile, naked, smooth. Gills whitish, then shining black, at length very dead black, adnate, narrow, linear, or somewhat attenuated in front, distant. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores black, "wedge- shaped-rounded, 10-12 x 7-11 /x" Karst. Grassy places, hedgerows, damp woods, and rubbish heaps. April Nov. Rare. 1351. P. arata Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 637, t. 636. dpoco, I plough. P. 2 cm., bright brown, membranaceous, campanulato-conic, 2-5 cm. high, rather acute, deeply sulcate. St. 12-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, thickened at the base, smooth. Gills purplish black, quite free, lanceo- late. Flesh concolorous at the disc, thin at the margin. Under hedges. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1352. P. trepida Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 139, fig. 2. Trepida, trembling. P. 23 cm.., fuliginous, disc date brown, membranaceous, very fragile, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, slightly but densely striate up to the even disc. St. 6 7'5 cm. x 12 mm., whitish, diaphanous, equal, tense and straight, rarely flexuose, quite smooth, naked. Gills greyish, then fuliginous shining black, adnate, crowded, ventricose, very thin. Flesh brownish in the p., very thin. Spores dead black, "elliptical, 12-14 x 6-7 ju,, smooth, opaque. Cystidia on edge of gill fusiform, 40-50 x 9-10/u," Rick. Muddy marshes, and on twigs in woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1353. P. hydrophora (Bull.) Fr. (= Coprinus hydrophorus (Bull.) Quel.) Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 358. vBcop, water; <f>epw, I bear. P. 2-3 cm., rufescent, becoming greyish towards the margin, sub- membranaceous, conico-campanulate, disc broad, obtuse, smooth, at length expanded and revolute; margin striate, at first appendiculate with the fugacious veil. St. 6-7-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, fragile, straight, PSATHYRELLA 421 equal, smooth, beaded with dew-like drops in wet weather. Gills palegrey, then livid black, adnate, ascending, narrow, linear, 2 mm. broad, crowded. Spores bay purple, "elliptical, 9-10 x 5 6/i, smooth, trans- parent brown. Cystidia on edge of gill subulate, 50-60 x 8-10/i" Rick. Caespitose. Gardens, and woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. **St. flexuose, pruinate at the apex. 1354. P. caudate Fr. (= Panaeolus caudatus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 639, t. 637. Caudata, having a tail. P. 2-5 cm., date brown, tan colour obsoletely turning to flesh colour when dry, membranaceous, very tender, conical, then campanulate, at length flattened, smooth, disc subgibbous, even, otherwise pellucidly striate, dry, often splitting and subdeliquescent in wet weather. St 7 11 cm. x 3-4 mm., whitish, attenuated upwards from the thick- ened, rooting, fibrillose base, very fragile, curved, at length twisted, un- dulate, apex white pruinose. Gills grey, then cinereous black, adnate, 8mm. broad. Spores fuscous black, "elliptical, 13-17 x 8-9 /x, smooth, opaque. Cystidia on edge of gill, ventricose-fusiform, 30 40 x 9-10/i"Rick. In troops, or caespitose. Gardens, charcoal heaps, and stumps of a wooden pavement. May Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1355. P. prona Fr. (== Psathyrella prona Fr. var. Smithii Massee.) Fr. Icon. t. 139, fig. 3. Prona, bending downwards. P. 5-12 mm., fuliginous, hoary when dry, hygrophanous, membrana- ceous, campanulate, then hemispherical, very obtuse, smooth, pel- lucidly striate, obsoletely silky-atomate and opaque when dry. St. 4 cm. x 1 mm., white, hyaline, becoming pale, equal, flexuose, lax, very smooth, apex pruinose. Gills greyish, then livid fuliginous, adnate, plane, subtriangular, 4 mm. broad, distant, edge often rose-coloured. Flesh yellowish, very thin. Spores very dead black, "elliptical, 12-16 x 7-8/Lt, smooth, opaque. Cystidia on edge ventricose-fusi- form, 40-60 x 8-10/u," Rick. Rich pastures, and in ruts of roads in woods. May Oct. Rare. 1356. P. empyreumatica B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 641, t. 657, fig. A. efwrvpos, burnt. P. 4 cm., rufous, then becoming pale, hygrophanous, membrana- ceous, expanded, atomate; margin crenate. St. 6 cm. x 3 mm., pallid, silky furfuraceous. Gills rufous, then brown purple, adnate, with a decurrent tooth, 4 mm. broad, thick, distant, connected by veins, edge pallid. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores black. Smell strong. Wooden pavement. Oct. Rare. 1357. P. atomate Fr. (= Panaeolus atomatus (Fr.) Quel.) aro/A09, an atom. P. 1-3 cm., livid, or reddish, becoming pale tan or pale flesh colour 422 PSATHYRELLA. OMPHALIA when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, slightly striate, slightly wrinkled and without striae when dry, sprinkled with shining atoms. St. 4-7 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, equal, lax, fragile, slightly bent, apex white pulverulent. Gills whitish, then cinereous-blackish, adnate, broad, ventricose, slightly distant. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores black, elliptical, 11-15 x 6-8 ^t. Cystidia "fusiform, 40-50 x 8-10/*" Rick. Solitary, or gregarious. Woods, pastures, roadsides, and hedgerows. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. expolita Fr. Expolita, polished. Differs from the type in its smaller size, conical p., and undulate, smooth st. Woods, pastures and hedgerows. Sept. Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) 1358. P. crenata (Lasch) Fr. (= Coprinus crenatus (Lasch) Eick.) Cke. Illus. no. 643, t. 847. Crenata, notched. P. 1-3 cm., ochraceous, or rufescent, then pale, hygrophanous, mem- branaceous, hemispherical, sulcate, atomate, crenate at the margin. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, or brownish, fragile, equal, base thickened and villose, striate and mealy above. Gills yellowish fuscous, then blackish, adnate, sub ventricose. Flesh yellowish in the p., thin. Spores brownish black, elliptical, 9-12 x Q/JL. Cystidia "bottle- shaped, 50-150 x 22-33/i" Rick. Woods, pastures, roadsides, and amongst beech leaves. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1359. P. disseminata (Pers.) Fr. (= Coprinus disseminatus (Pers.) Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 140. Disseminata, spread abroad. P. 1-2 cm., whitish, or yellowish, then becoming cinereous, commonly livid, disc becoming yellow, membranaceous, oval, then campanulate or convex, scurfy, then becoming smooth, deeply striate, sulcate. St. 2-56 cm. x 2 mm., white, fragile, often curved, lax, somewhat flexuose, slightly scurfy, then smooth, arising from a byssoid, white mycelium. Gills whitish, then blackish, adnate, linear, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, yellowish at the disc, very thin. Spores black, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 5-6 /i. Cystidia " cylindrical- vesiculose, 60-75 x 8-12 /A" Rick. Densely crowded, or caespitose. Old stumps, and bare ground. April Nov. Common, (v.v.) **Gills decurrent. Spores white. Omphalia (Pers.) Fr. (o/i<aXo9, the navel.) Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, often umbilicate. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills decurrent. Spores white, rarely yellowish, elliptical, reniform, pip-shaped, boat-shaped, subglobose, or oblong OMPHAUA 423 elliptical; smooth, punctate, verrucose, or echinulate; continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, or on wood; solitary, caespitose, subcaespitose, or fasciculate. I. P. at the first spread out, margin incurved. A. Generally comparatively large; gills narrow, very crowded. 1360. 0. hydrogramma (Bull.) FT. Fr. Icon. t. 71. vBa)p, water; ^/pa^^rj, a line. Livid, or whitish livid when moist, whitish when dry. P. 5-7 cm., submembranaceous, flaccid, deeply umbilicate, very hygrophanous ; margin spreading, undulate, striate. St. 6-8 cm. x 6 mm., very carti- laginous, smooth, generally compressed, undulated, base rooted and white tomentose. Gills livid-whitish, deeply decurrent, very crowded, narrow, arcuate, very unequal. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3/z. Subcaespitose. Amongst dead leaves, especially beech. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1361. 0. detrasa Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 73, fig. 1. Detrusa, thrust down. P. 2-5 cm., dark cinereous, subzonate, somewhat fleshy, convex, then umbilicate. St. 2-5-3-5 cm. x 4 mm., concolorous, firm, attenu- ated upwards, smooth, whitish at the base. Gills whitish, decurrent by a tooth, thin, crowded. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores white, "7-8 x 4 /A" Sacc. Woods. Sept. Oct. Eare. 1362. 0. umbilicata (SchaefE.) Fr. Schaeff. t. 207. Umbilicata, having a navel. P. 2-3 cm., livid when moist, the disc becoming somewhat fuscous, whitish or yellowish when dry, hygrophanous, submembranaceous, convexo-plane, deeply umbilicate at first, then infundibuliform, smooth. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, here and there flexuose, twisted, or incurved, apex silky-striate with white fibrils, base some- what rooting, or cohering with villose down. Gills whitish, at first shortly, then deeply decurrent, crowded, thin, unequal. Spores white, "kidney-shaped, 6-8 x 2-5-4 /z" Sacc. Caespitose. In woods amongst moss. Sept. Uncommon. 1363. 0. maura Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 73, fig. 2. Maura, Moorish. P. 2-4 cm., fuliginous and striate when moist, livid and silky shining when dry, hygrophanous, submembranaceous, convex, deeply umbili- cate, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., fuliginous-blackish, very car- tilaginous, somewhat horny, rigid, smooth. Gills shining white, very acutely and deeply decurrent, arcuate, attenuated at both ends, very crowded. Flesh fuliginous, thin at the margin. Spores white, sub- globose, 5-6 x 5 //,, punctate. Smell none, or of new meal. Pastures, heaths, and lawns. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 424 OMPHALIA 1364. 0. offuciata Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 72, fig. 3. Offuciata, painted. P. 2-3 cm., dark, then pale flesh colour, becoming pale and almost whitish when old and dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex, then piano-depressed, smooth. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., reddish, or con- colorous, very cartilaginous, round, then compressed, equal, apex obsoletely pruinose, smooth. Gills of the same colour as the pileus, moderately decurrent, narrow, straight, crowded. Under beech. Oct. Nov. Uncommon. 1365. 0. scyphoides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 75, fig. 3, as Omphalia scyphi- formis. <ncv(f>o<;, a cup; etSo9, like. Shining white, becoming yellowish when dry. P. 8-50 mm., mem- branaceous, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, undulate, silky. St. 2-5 cm. x 1-3 mm., flexuose, villose; base white, tomentose. Gills decurrent, narrow, crowded, linear. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, boat-shaped, 8-9 x 5/u,, and 6 x 2-3/n, 1-guttulate. On bare soil and amongst leaves in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) B. Medium size; gills rather distant, narrow, attenuated at both ends. 1366. 0. chrysophylla Fr. (= Flammula chrysophylla (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 74, fig. 1. y^pva'6^, gold; <f>v\Xov, leaf. P. 2-5 cm., yellow-fuscous when moist, tan-hoary or hoary whitish when dry, submembranaceous, at the first deeply umbilicate, flocculose, subsquamulose, the spreading border somewhat reflexed. St. 2-5- 5cm. x 4mm., golden egg-yellow, tough, equal, somewhat incurved; base villose, rooting. Gills golden egg-yellow, truly decurrent, distant, broad. Spores white, "pale yellow" Quel., "elliptical, 11-12 x 5/u,, smooth. Cystidia none" Rick. On pine sawdust, and stumps. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 1367. 0. Allenii Rene Maire. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 11. W. B. Allen, the mycologist of Benthall, Broseley, Shropshire. P. 1-2 cm., olive-greenish, whitish when dry, hygrophanous, convex, then plane, somewhat umbilicate, thin. St. 2-4 cm. x 2-5 mm., lemon- yellow, cylindrical, subcartilaginous ; base white, strigose. Gills lemon- yellow, decurrent, very narrow, somewhat thick, subdistant, unequal, more or less undulating, united by veins. Flesh yellow in the stem, greenish yellow in the pileus. Spores white, elliptical, 6-5-7-5 x 3-5- 4/u.. Cystidia none. Taste mild. On a stump of a deciduous tree. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 1368. 0. Postii Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 74, fig. 2. H. von Post, the Swedish mycologist. P. 2-6 cm., bright orange, membranaceous, at first umbilicate, then depressed, convex, smooth, striate towards the margin. St. 5-8 cm. x OMPHALIA 425 2-4 mm., light yellow, becoming pale, equal, tense and straight, smooth. Gills whitish, deeply decurrent, 2 mm. broad, linear, arcuate, subdistant. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5/u,, 1-guttulate. Charcoal heaps, and boggy places. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. aurea Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1151, t. 1152, fig. B, as Omphalia Postii Fr. Aurea, golden. P. 2-5-5 cm., golden-yellow, very regular, infundibuliform, margin drooping. St. 5cm. x 3-4 mm., concolorous; base white, tapering. Gills white, slightly decurrent, crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 3-5/z. On Sphagnum in swamps. Rare. 1369. 0. pyxidata (Bull.) Fr. (= Omphalia hepatica (Batsch) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 254, t. 194, lower figs. Pyxidata, box-shaped. P. 2-3 cm., brick-rufescent, or rufous fuscous and radiato-striate when moist, becoming pale, opaque, flocculose or slightly silky when dry, membranaceous, pellucid, umbilicate, then infundibuliform. St. 2-5 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, then rufescent, tough, sometimes pruinose. Gills flesh colour, then pale yellowish, decurrent, subdistant, narrow. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/n, 1-guttulate. Amongst grass on lawns, and in woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1370. 0. leucophylla Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 73, fig. 4. \evfc6s, white; <f>v\\ov, leaf. P. 2-3 cm., dark cinereous, submembranaceous, infundibuliform; margin reflexed, involute. St. 4 cm. x 2 mm., cinereous, slightly rigid. Gills shining white, decurrent, arcuate, subdistant. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x3-4/i. Woods, and pastures. April Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1371. 0. telmatiaea Berk. & Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 256, t. 240. T\/j,aTiaio?, marshy. P. 2-6 cm., brown, then mouse-coloured, rather membranaceous, soon infundibuliform, silky, margin reflexed. St. 3-4 cm. x 3-6 mm., cinereous, compressed ; base white, tomentose. Gills pallid, decurrent, distant. Flesh brownish, thick at the disc. Spores white, "elliptical with an oblique apiculus, 7 x 4ju" Massee. On Sphagnum. Aug. Rare. 1372. 0. striaepilea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 73, fig. 3. Strix, a furrow; pileus, a cap. P. 2-3 cm., livid fuscous, becoming pale-white when dry, submem- branaceous, convex, then flattened, umbilicate, the whole elegantly striate, smooth. St. 5 cm. x 2 mm., becoming fuscous, slightly tough, often flexuose. Gills whitish, slightly decurrent, somewhat crowded, 2-3 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores white, 426 OMPHALIA "globose, 7-8 /x, echinulate. Basidia with 2-sterigmata " Eick. Amongst moss, and leaves in woods. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 1373. 0. epichysium (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Icon. pict. t. 13, fig. 1. 7Ti^v(7i<;, a vessel for pouring out. P. 1-3 cm., cinereous-fuliginous and striate when moist, becoming pallid, silky, or fiocculosely-squamulose when dry, membranaceous, somewhat plane, umbilicate; margin somewhat reflexed. St. 2-5- 3 cm. x 2 mm., cinereous, tough, base white tomentose. Gills whitish cinereous, shortly plano-decurrent. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5ju. On rotten stumps, and logs. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1374. 0. sphagnicola Berk. (= Omphalia philonotis (Lasch) Quel.) Cke. Ulus. no. 257, t. 289, upper figs. Sphagnum, Sphagnum; colo, I inhabit. P. 2-5-4 cm., dirty pale-ochre, becoming darker, somewhat fleshy, moist, tough, infundibuliform, obscurely striate, minutely squamulose. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, somewhat crooked, apex minutely squamulose at first. Gills dirty ochraceous, decurrent, narrow, sub- distant, thick, edge flattish. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-9 x 3-5 //," Karst. On Sphagnum in bogs, and woods. May Sept. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1375. 0. philonotis (Lasch) Fr. (= Omphalia sphagnicola Berk. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 76, fig. 1. <f>i\o<;, loving; i/ort?, wet. Cinereous-fuliginous, fragile. P. 1-3 cm., membranaceous, the whole deeply infundibuliform, hygrophanous,^occose when dry; margin erect. St. 4 cm. x 2 mm., sometimes attenuated upwards; base white, floccose. Gills deeply decurrent, subdistant, narrow, lanceolate. Flesh greyish, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical or pip-shaped, 7-8 x 4-5 fi. On Sphagnum in bogs and amongst short grass. May- Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1376. 0. oniscus Fr. (= Omphalia caespitosa Bolt. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 76, fig. 3. oviffKos, a wood-louse. P. 2-3 cm., dark cinereous, becoming pale, grey-hoary when dry, submembranaceous, flaccid, fragile when old, convexo-umbilicate, or infundibuliform, often irregular, undulato-flexuose or lobed, smooth; margin striate. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 2 mm., grey, somewhat firm, tough, sometimes compressed, curved. Gills cinereous, shortly decurrent, sub- distant. Flesh grey, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/Li, 1-guttulate. Woods, and boggy places. Oct. Dec. Uncom- mon, (v.v.) 1377. 0. Luffii Massee. John Luff. P. 2-3 cm., pattid, then white, convex, then depressed; margin up- turned at extreme edge. St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, thickened above, OMPHALIA 427 polished, often wavy. Gills pallid, decurrent, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3/u,. Smell fragrant, of anise. Amongst grass. Bare. 1378. 0. caespitosa (Bolt.) Cke. (= Omphalia oniscus Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 258, t. 209, lower figs. Caespitosa, tufted. P. 1-2-5 cm., yellowish-white, opaque white when dry, submembrana- ceous, sulcate nearly to the disc, convex, subhemispherical, umbilicate ; margin crenate. St. 1-2 cm. x 3 mm., concolorous, generally curved, base subbulbose. Gills whitish, shortly decurrent, very broad, very distant, triangular. Spores white, "subglobose, 6 x 5/i" W. G. Sm. Moors, and on peat in sandy heaths. May Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1379. 0. glaucophylla (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1153, t. 959, fig. B. yXavfcos, pale green; <J>v\\ov, a leaf. P. 1 cm., mouse colour, becoming pale when dry, membranaceous, infundibuliform, plicato-striate, hygrophanous, slightly smooth. St. 10-15 x 2-3 mm., concolorous, firm. Gills olivaceous, decurrent, lan- ceolate, subdistant. Spores white, "nearly comma-shaped, 4-5 x 2ju," Rick. On the ground in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1380. 0. rustica Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1153, t. 959, fig. C. Rustica, belonging to the country. P. 1 cm., fuscous, then grey and striate when moist, becoming either fuscous, or silky and hoary when dry, membranaceous, umbilicate at the disc, otherwise convex. St. 10-15 x 1 mm., fuscous, then grey, polished, equal, often thickened upwards, base white, villose. Gills grey, decurrent, thick, subdistant, edge arcuate. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 4-5/u, often curved, 2- many-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 1381. 0. scyphifonnis Fr. crtcixfros, a cup;/orma, shape. Entirely snow-white. P. 5-20 mm., membranaceous, convex, then infundibuliform, pellucid ; margin striate, crenulate. St. 3-4 cm. x 2 mm., flexuose, apex thickened. Gills very decurrent, distant, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4/>t, 1-guttulate. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. On bare ground, and amongst moss in deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1382. 0. alutacea Cke. & Massee. (= Clitocybe alutacea Cke. & Massee.) 1 Alutacea, like tanned leather. P. 10-15 mm., tan-coloured, membranaceous, convex, then um- bilicate; margin incurved. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., rather paler than the pileus. Gills paler than the pileus, decurrent, narrow, crowded, arcuate. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 4/>t. Amongst grass, and moss in woods. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1 By an oversight this species was described under Clitocybe (no. 823), but its correct position is here. 428 OMPHALIA C. Gills very distant, broad, generally thick. 1383. 0. atropuncta (Pers.) Quel. (= Eccilia atropuncta (Pers.) Fr.) Boud. Icon. t. 70. Ater, black; puncta, spotted. P. 1-1-5 cm., cinereous, or grey fuliginous, campanulate, then de- pressed and cup-shaped, often slightly squamulose. St. 2-4 cm. x 2-3 mm., blackish grey, apex paler, covered with Hack punctiform squamules, thickened upwards ; base pulverulent, white. Gills greyish flesh colour, decurrent, thick, narrow, distant. Flesh of pileus pale fuliginous, blackish towards the basal portion of the stem. Spores white or yellowish, subglobose, or angularly-globose, 4-5-5-5 x 4-5)u., 1- many-guttulate. Smell unpleasant. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1384. 0. demissa Fr. (= Ag. rufulus B. & Br.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 35, fig. 1. Demissa, let down. P. 8-15 mm., fuscous-rufescent, submembranaceous, convex, then expanded, obtuse, at length umbilicate, striate when moist, subflocculose, obsoletely pruinose when dry; margin crenate. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., liver-rufescent, becoming pale, shining, flexuose, base white tomentose. Gills becoming purple, often forked, thick, subdecurrent, becoming very broad behind, distant, interstices veiny. Flesh purple-vinous, becoming pale. Spores white, "ovoid, 10-12 x 6-8 p,, granular" Bres. In woods and waste places. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 1385. 0. hepatica (Batsch) Fr. (= Omphalia pyxidata (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel. ; Omphalia subhepatica (Batsch) Sacc.) Cke. Illus. no. 259, t. 250, fig. B. Hepatica, like liver. P. 1-4 cm., rufous-flesh-colour when moist, slightly tawny, or tan and somewhat shining when dry, coriaceo-membranaceous, tough, um- bilicato-convex, then infundibuliform, often undulato-lobed, smooth. St. 2-5 cm. x 2 mm., fuscous-flesh-colour, very tough, becoming com- pressed, broader and dilated at the apex, rarely white-pruinose. Gills whitish, becoming pale, deeply decurrent, distant, prominently con- nected by veins, narrow, linear, sometimes crisped. Spores white, elliptical, 5-8 x 4-5 p,. On lawns, and amongst short grass in woods. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1386. 0. muralis (Sow.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 259, t. 250, fig. C. Muralis, belonging to a wall. P. 820 mm., rufous brown, submembranaceous, tough, convex, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, radiato-striate, smooth; margin crenutate. St. 6-12 x 1-2 mm., concolorous, equal, smooth; base white, floccose. Gills pallid, or flesh colour, decurrent, distant. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, with, an oblique basal apiculus, 9-10 x 4'5-5/t. On old walls, sandy banks, and bare soil in woods. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) OMPHALIA 429 1387. 0. umbellifera (Linn.) Fr. (= Omphalia pseudoandrosacea Bull, sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 69. Umbellifera, umbel-bearing. P. 1-2 cm., grey, bistre, straw colour, whitish or ochraceous, becoming whitish, slightly fieshy-membranaceous, convex, then plane, broadly obconic, faintly umbilicate, rayed with darker striae; when dry silky, flocculose, rarely squamulose; margin infiexed at first, crenate. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 2 mm., concolorous, dilated towards the apex into thepileus, sometimes pubescent, base white villose. Gills white, then cream, or yellowish, decurrent, very broad behind, triangular, very distant, some- times dichotomous, connected by veins. Flesh pallid, thick at the disc. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5/i, 2-3-guttulate. Boggy ground in woods and on mountains, also on rotten wood. April Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. nivea Fl. Dan. Fl. Dan. t. 1015, fig. A. Nivea, snow white. Differs from the type in being entirely snow white. In bogs. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. citrina Quel. Citrina, citron yellow. Differs from the type in being glabrous, citron yellow, and pellucid. var. viridis Fl. Dan. Fl. Dan. t. 1672, fig. 1. Viridis, green. Differs from the type in being pubescent, and bluish, then greenish. Boggy ground, in woods and on hills. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. chrysoleuca (Pers.) Fr. (= var. abiegna B. & Br.) %puo-o5, gold; \eu/eo9, white. Differs from the type in being bright yellow then whitish. Growing on fir stumps. var. pallida Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 260, t. 271, top figs. Pallida, pallid. Differs from the type in being entirely pale grey. Bogs in woods. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. flava Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 260, t. 271, lowest figs. Flava, yellow. Differs from the type in the golden yellow p. and st. On mountains. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. pyrifonnis (Pers.) Fr. Pyriformis, pear-shaped. Differs from the type in being entirely dark umber. Rotten beech trunks and shady places. 1388. 0. myochroa (Fr.) Rea. nfc, mouse; %/3o>9, colour. P. 5-15 mm., reddish brown, or rufescent, becoming whitish with age, somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, umbilicate, striate to the middle, margin crenulate. St. 1-2 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, apex rufescent; base white, strigose. Gills yellowish, narrow, furcate at the margin, 430 OMPHALIA arcuato-decurrent, distant. Flesh of pileus rufescent, yellowish in the stem. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 p, 1-2-guttulate. On rotten beech stumps. April Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1389. 0. velutina Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 3. Velwtina, velvety. P. 10-12 mm., greyish, or yellowish grey, convex, umbilicate, striate. St. 10-15 x 1-2 mm., concolorous, finely tomentose; base covered with the white mycelium, often subbulbose. Gills yellowish grey, narrow, 1-2 mm., arcuate, distant. Flesh dark grey. Spores white, ovoid pruniform, 10 x 6/x, 1-2-guttulate. Parks, heaths, and woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1390. 0. infumata B. & Br. Infumata, smoked. P. 4 mm., greenish, then smoky, obtuse. St. 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., yellow, base dilated, tomentose especially below. Gills yellow, decurrent, few, broad, distant. On bark amongst moss. Sept. Rare. 1391. 0. retosta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 76, fig. 2. Retosta, scorched. Entirely umber. P. 1-3 cm., slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, polished when dry, smooth; margin convex, involute. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-4 mm., paler, tough, equal. Gills pallid umber, slightly decurrent, distant, attenuated at both ends and resembling a segment of a circle. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, globose, "5-6/t/" Sacc. Amongst dead leaves, and on lawns. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1392. 0. buccinalis (Sow.) Cke. Sow. Brit. Fung. t. 107. Buccinalis, trumpet-like. Entirely white. P. 5-10 mm., trumpet-shaped, plane, or depressed. St. 5-15 x 1-2 mm., expanding into the pileus. Gills deeply de- current, triquetrous, distant. Spores white. On twigs, etc. Common. 1393. 0. abhorrens B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 261, t. 272, fig. C. Abhorrens, disgusting. P. 1-1-5 emu, fuscous, then pale, umbilicate. St. 2 cm. x 1-2 mm., concolorous, apex thickened, sometimes pruinose when young, base white-tomentose. Gills pale, decurrent, distant, thick, narrow. Spores white. Smell very foetid, stercoraceous. Caespitose. On lawns under yews. Oct. Rare. 1394. 0. pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) Fr. (= Omphalia umbellifera (Linn.) Fr. sec. Quel.) ^et/8^5, false; androsacea, Androsaceus androsaceus. Entirely whitish, or grey. P. 8-15 mm., fleshy- membranaceous, convex, deeply umbilicate, at length infundibuliform, smooth, striato- plicate ; margin crenulate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm. Gills deeply de- OMPHALIA 431 current, segment-like, distant. Spores white, elliptical, "6-7 x 3-4 p,, or 8-10 x 4-5 /x" Sacc. Amongst moss on lawns, and in short pas- tures. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1395. 0. griseo-pallida (Desm.) Fr. (= Omphalia griseola (Pers.) Quel.) Griseo, grey; pallida, pallid. P. 5-10 mm., fuscous-grey, then becoming hoary, slightly fleshy, con- vex, then plane, umbilicate, smooth, slightly shining; margin deflexed. St. 8-12 x 2 mm., fuscous, firm, equal, or thickened upwards, smooth. Gills concolorous when moist, darker when dry, decurrent, broader be- hind, distant, rather thick. Flesh fuscous, thin at the margin. Spores white, pip-shaped, or elliptical with an oblique basal apiculus, 9-11 x 6-7 fj,, 1-guttulate. On the ground, rubbish heaps, and mossy wall tops. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1396. 0. albidopallens Karst. Albido, whitish; pallens, becoming pallid. P. 1 cm., hyaline white, or pallid, convex, orbicular, slightly um- bilicate, pellucidly striate. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid. Gills pallid, adnate, decurrent, crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3ju,. Amongst moss. Aug. Sept. Rare. 0. bibula Quel. = Hygrophorus Wynniae B. & Br. 1397. 0. stellata Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 262, t. 241, bottom figs. Stellata, set with stars. Entirely white and diaphanous. P. 6-10 mm., membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, striate, smooth. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., filiform, equal, fragile, the dilated base strigoso-radiate. Gills decurrent, distant, broad, thin. Spores white, "subglobose, irregular, 4-6 /z, or 6-8 x 3-5 p" Sacc. On twigs, dead wood, and herbaceous stems. Feb. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) II. P. at the first campanulate, margin straight, pressed to the stem. A. Gills broad, perfect, unequal. 1398. 0. campanella (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 263, t. 273, top figs. Campanella, a little bell. P. 1-2 cm., yellow-ferruginous, hygrophanous, membranaceotfs, tough, campanulate, then soon convex, umbilicate, striate. St. 2-5- 3 cm. x 2 mm., date brown, horny, rigid, polished, attenuated, rooted^ apex paler; base tawny, strigose. Gills yellow, deeply decurrent, some- what crowded, prominently connected by veins. Spores white, elliptical, "8-9 x 3-4 IJL" Maire. Caespitose. On stumps of firs. Aug. Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. badipus Fr. Badius, bay; TTOU?, foot. Differs from the type in the thickened base of the st. being clothed with ferruginous down. 432 OMPHALIA var. papillata Fr. Papillata, having a nipple. Differs from the type in the acutely conical p., and papillate um- bilicus. var. myriadea Kalchbr. fivpcdf, ten thousand. Differs from the type in being half the size, densely caespitose, and pale tawny in colour with gills pale brick-red with a fleshy tinge. 1399. 0. Kewensis Massee. Kewensis, belonging to Kew. P. 3-5 mm. high, ochraceous, becoming whitish, somewhat fleshy, cylindrically-campanulate, very smooth, deeply sulcate; margin crenate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., pale, round, more or less flexuose. Gills pale, subdecurrent, distant, membranaceous, edge entire. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5/x. Basidia subclavate, 28-32 x 6-7 /x. Gregarious on dead rhizomes in Filmy Fern House. Rare. 1400. 0. picta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 77, fig. 4. Picta, painted. P. 4-8 mm.., fuscous, the umbilicate disc generally light yellow, deeply campanulate, 5-9 mm. high, striate, membranaceous; margin paler. St. 5-8 cm. x 12 mm., date brown, horny, rigid, smooth ; apex thickened, paler; inserted at the base and arising from a little, fuscous tawny, radiating membrane. Gills whitish, turning light yellow, adnate, subdecurrent, very broad (much broader than long), distant. Spores white, elliptical, "7-10 x 4/j, minutely echinulate" Sacc. On twigs, and rotten wood in mixed woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1401. 0. camptophylla Berk. (= Omphalia speirea (Fr.) Quel.; Mycena speirea Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 264, t. 210, upper figs. Ara/i7TT09, bent; <$>v\\ov, a leaf. P. 12 mm., brown, with a grey margin, convexo-plane, deeply striate, smooth. St. 5-6 cm. x 1-2 mm., at first yellow, then pale above, rufescent below, subflexuose, somewhat rigid, minutely pubescent, base radiato-strigose. Gills white, at first adnate, nearly plane, then ascending and suddenly decurrent, subdistant. Spores white, ellip- tical, 8-10 x 6-8 /a. On twigs, and sticks. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1402. 0. umbratilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 77, fig. 3, as Omphalia umbratilis Fr. var. minor. Umbratilis, remaining in the shade. P. 1-3 cm., black-fuscous, or umber-fuscous, hoary when dry, sub- membranaceous, obtusely campanulate, then convex and umbilicate, smooth; margin substriate. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2mm., fuscous-black, becoming greyish, tough, smooth. Gills becoming fuscous-white, adnato- decurrent, crowded, arcuate, broad, acute at both ends. Flesh con- colorous. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/u,, 1-guttulate. In pas- tures, and roadsides. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) OMPHALIA 433 1403. 0. grisea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 78, fig. 1. Grisea, grey. P. 1-2 cm., livid grey, then hoary, submembranaceous, campanu- late, then convex, subpapillate and at length slightly umbilicate, smooth, striate. St. 5-7 cm. x 2 mm., whitish-cinereous, slightly firm, smooth, shining, longitudinally brittle, apex slightly thickened, base white-floccose. Gills whitish-grey, shortly decurrent, distant, broad, rather thick. Spores white, elliptical, 6-9 x 4/t, 1-guttulate. Woods, and hedgerows. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1404. 0. fibula (Bull.) Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 4, fig. 3. Fibula, a pin. P. 4-20 mm., generally orange-yellow, becoming pale when dry, membranaceous, campanulate, then umbilicate, and finally infun- dibuliform, smooth, striate when moist. St. 3-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., con- colorous, bristle-like, weak, often pubescent under a lens. Gills whitish, or yellowish, deeply decurrent, broad, distant. Spores white, ellip- tical, 3-4 x 2jLt. Cystidia "on edge of gill sparse, subulate" Rick. Woods, pastures, heaths, and charcoal heaps. Jan. Dec. Common. (v.v.) var. nivalis Fl. Dan. (= var. Candida Sacc.) Fl. Dan. t. 1072, fig. 2. Nivalis, snowy. Differs from the type in the whitish, or yellowish p. and white, or tinged with orange yellow st. Amongst moss, and on charcoal heaps. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. Swartzii Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 75, fig. 4, as Omphalia setipes var. Fr. 0. Swartz. Differs from the type in the firmer, at length plane p. with umbilicate, fuscous disc, and in the whitish st. externally and internally violaceous at the apex. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5-3 /x. Cystidia fusiform, apex subcapitate, 8-9/z in diam., base ventricose, 50-55 x 12-14/a. Amongst moss, short grass, and on charcoal heaps. Aug. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1405. 0. directa B. & Br. Directa, straight. White, very slender. P. 1-3 mm., nail-shaped, apex plane. St. 2-5 cm. x 1 mm., slightly rufous, filiform, ascending, clothed with long* hairs towards the base. Gills deeply decurrent. Spores white. On dead leaves. May Nov. Rare. 1406. 0. pseudo-directa W. G. Sm. Cke. lUus. no. 266, t. 251, upper figs., as Omphalia directa B. & Br. ^61/8779, false ; directa, Omphalia directa. P. 2 mm., white-pruinose. St. 12 mm. x 2//,, white, mealy-granular below, springing from a white, fioccose, evanescent disc or volva. Gills white, then saffron, few, adnate, pruinoso-sparkling. On Encephalartos cone. May. Rare. 434 OMPHALIA 1407. 0. Belliae Johnst. Cke. Illus. no. 266, t. 251, lower figs. The Misses Bell, of Coldstream. P. 12 mm., of a pale wood-brown hue, membranaceous, inverted, deeply cyathiform; margin waved, furrowed. St. 4 cm. x 2 mm., white, or very pale wood-brown above, dark brown towards the base, becoming paler when dry, then apparently mealy, erect, stiff, elastic; root slightly incrassated, bent, fixed by a dense cottony web. Gills dull chalky white, decurrent, 2 mm. wide, rather distant, thick, more or less undulated, wrinkled on the sides and in the interstices with flexuose veins, once or twice divided near the edge. Spores white, oblong. On dead stems of reed. Oct. Rare. 1408. 0. gracilis Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 2. Gfracilis, thin. Entirely snow-white. P. 3-8 mm., membranaceous, campanulate, papillate, striate, transparent. St. 20-30 x 1 mm., filiform, trans- parent, pruinose, base fibrillose. Gills 1 mm. wide, very decurrent, distant, thin. Spores white, oblong, or pip-shaped, 8 x 3-3-5/x,, 1-2- guttulate. On dead grass leaves, and twigs. Sept. Nov. Uncom- mon, (v.v.) 1409. 0. gracillima (Weinm.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 267, t. 252, top figs. Gracillima, very thin. Entirely snow-white. P. 4-6 mm., membranaceous, hemispherical, either minutely papillate, or umbilicate, fiocculose, striate; margin sulcate. St. 6-12 x 1 mm., bristle-like, inserted by afioccose base. Gills subdecurrent, broad, distant, thin, the alternate ones dimidiate. Spores white, oblong-elliptical, 11-12 x 4-5 /z. On twigs, dead herbaceous stems, and dead bramble stalks. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1410. 0. bullula (Brig.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 267, t. 252, middle figs. Bullula, a watery vesicle. Entirely shining white. P. 3-4 mm., membranaceous, hemispherical, diaphanous. St. 2 cm. x 1 mm., filiform. Gills arcuato-decurrent, very distant. Spores white. On twigs, and dead sticks. Sept. Oct. Rare. B. Gills fold-like, narrow. 1411. 0. integrella (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 75, fig. 6. Integrella, entire. Entirely white. P. 3-6 mm., membranaceous, conical, then hemi- spherical, most frequently irregularly shaped, when flattened 12 mm. broad, umbilicate, pruinose, diaphanous; margin sulcate. St. 1-5- 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pruinose, pellucid, slightly firm, with a small villose bulb at the base. Gills decurrent, narrow, fold-like, distant, often branched, commonly disappearing short of the margin of the pileus, OMPHALIA. ECCILIA 435 edge acute. Spores white, pip-shaped, 67 x 4 5/z, with a large central gutta. On twigs, and amongst leaves in woods, and hedgerows. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1412. 0. polyadelpha (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 1088, t. 1137, fig. B, as Marasmius polyadelphus Lasch. 7roXua8eX<o<?, with many brothers. Entirely snow-white. P. 2-3 mm., very tender, hemispherical, um- bilicate, sulcate, pruinose, tomentose under a lens. St. 10-15 x 1 mm., filiform, curved, flaccid, pruinose, thickened and floccose at the base. Gills decurrent, very narrow, wrinkle-like, distant. Spores white, "fusiform-lanceolate, 79 x 3-4^i" Rick. Fasciculate, and in troops. On dead oak, and beech leaves. Oct. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1413. 0. Nevillae Berk. Lady Dorothy Neville. P. 1-1-5 cm., brown, hemispherical, disc depressed, rugose, minutely granulated, striate, margin becoming pale. St. 23 cm. x 1 mm., brownish, rough with black granules, base rather dilated and clothed with villose hairs. Gills white, arcuato-decurrent, interstices and sides venoso-rugose. Flesh of stem white. Spores white. On Sphagnum, in an orchid pot. Spores pink. EccUia Fr. (eyoiXo5, hollowed out.) Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, umbilicate; margin incurved. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills decurrent. Spores pink, angular, continuous. Cystidia rarely present. Growing on the ground, rarely on wood. 1414. E. parkensis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 100, fig. 5. Parkensis, belonging to a park. P. 2-3 cm., fuscous when moist, blackish when dry, membranaceous, plano-convex, deeply umbilicate, slightly striate to the middle. St. 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., fuscous, attenuated downwards. Gills whitish, then becoming dingy, flesh colour, decurrent, crowded, linear, 1-2 mm. wide. Spores pink, subspheroid-angled, irregular, 6-9/z, 1-guttulate, Grassy places, pastures, and roadsides. July Aug. Uncommon. 1415. E. carneogrisea B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 368, t. 380, lower figs. Carneus, fleshy; grisea, grey. P. 2-3 cm., grey-flesh-colour, umbilicate, striate, delicately dotted ; margin slightly glittering with dark particles. St. 4 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, shining, base white-tomentose. Gills rosy, adnato-de- current, somewhat undulated, the irregular margin darker, distant. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, 8-9 x 6ju,, 1-2-guttulate. Amongst fir leaves, and grass. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 282 436 ECCILIA 1416. E. griseorubella (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 100, fig. 4. Griseus, grey; rubella, reddish. P. 2-3 cm., umber, or fuscous when moist, grey when dry, hygro- phanous, membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, at first convex at the circumference, then plane, striate. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., con- colorous, or a little paler, equal. Gills grey, then flesh colour, slightly decurrent, subdistant. Spores pink, angular, elliptical, or subglobose, 7-9 x 7jLt, 1-guttulate. Woods, and amongst pine leaves. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) E. Smithii (Massee) W. G. Sm. - Clitopilus Smithii Massee. 1417. E. atrides (Lasch) Fr. Ater, black. P. 15-25 mm., black, fuscous, becoming pale, black-streaked, sub- membranaceous, plane, deeply umbilicate, striate. St. 3 cm. x 3mm., pallid, black dotted upwards, base white-cottony. Gills pallid, deeply and truly decurrent, attenuated behind, somewhat crowded, the black edge slightly toothed. Spores pink, " tuberculate-angular, elongated, 11-13 x 6-7 /u, (incl. apiculus), bright flesh colour in mass" Kauffm. Woods, and sandy heath. Sept.-Oct. Rare. E. atropuncta (Pers.) Fr. = Oniphalia atropuncta (Pers.) Quel. 1418. E. nigrella (Pers.) Gillet. Nigrella, blackish. P. 10-15 mm., reddish black, blackish with a tinge of lilac, becoming blackish, submembranaceous, convex, then plane, deeply umbilicate, slightly striate, covered with an adnate, fibrillose silk, or whitish striate with blackish; margin incurved, violet, finally scaly. St. 2- 3 cm. x 2 mm., pale, grey horn colour, or pale lilac grey, punctate with black above, base white-cottony. Gills lilac or flesh colour, decurrent, fairly thick, edge toothed black, or blackish. Spores pink. Pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1419. E. rhodocylix (Lasch) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 100, fig. 6, as Eccilia rhodocalix Lasch. poSov, rose; KV\I^, cup. P. 12-15 mm., somewhat fuscous when moist, grey when dry, hygro- phanous, membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, or rather infundibuli- form with the margin reflexed, remotely striate when moist, flocculose when dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., cinereous, tough, thickened up- wards. Gills whitish, then flesh colour, deeply decurrent, very distant, broad, few, the alternate ones shorter. Spores pink, "subspheric, pentagonal, 8-10/i. Cystidia coarsely hair-shaped" Lange. On rotten wood, alder stumps, and wall tops. Sept. Rare. 1420. E. flosculus W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 369, t. 613, fig. B. Flosculus, a little flower. P. 1-5-2 cm., black-brown, becoming white with age, submembrana- ceous, deeply umbilicate, somewhat irregular, pruinoso-crystalline. ECCILIA. TUBARIA 437 St. 2 cm. x 1 mm., reddish,, cartilaginous, attenuated downwards, pruinose, or innato-fibrillose. Gills pink, decurrent, somewhat waved, thick. Trama dark brown. Spores pink, nodulose. On the ground, at the foot of and upon the stems of tree ferns in conservatories. June. Rare. 1421. E. acus W. G. Sm. Cke. IUus. no. 369, t. 613, fig. C. Acus, a needle. P. 5-15 mm., snow-white, submembranaceous, deeply umbilicate, densely pruinose; margin incurved, striate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1mm., white, cartilaginous. Gills pink, deeply decurrent, thick, distant. Spores pink, nodulose. Amongst germinating coffee-seeds in coconut fibre in conservatories. Aug. Rare. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. Tubaria W. G. Sm. (Tuba, a trumpet.) Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous; margin incurved. Stem central, cartilaginous. Gills decurrent, or broadly adnate. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or rarely fuscous; elliptical, pip-shaped, or almond-shaped; smooth, continuous. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, or on wood. 1422. T. cupularis (Bull.) Fr. (= Lactarius cupularis (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 526, t. 602, as var. Cupularis, cup-shaped. P. 12 cm., rufescent, tawny, or reddish yellow, becoming light yellow- ish, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, disc sometimes de- pressed, smooth. St. 36 cm. x 3-4 mm., tawny, or reddish tawny, rarely whitish, attenuated upwards, naked. Gills tawny, or a little deeper coloured than the p., decurrent, crowded, thin, edge often serru- late. Spores "rusty, elliptical, 6 x 3//,"Massee. Mountainous heaths, amongst grass, and under firs. Aug. Oct. Rare. 1423. T. furfuracea (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (= Naucoria pellucida (Bull.) Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 129. Furfuracea, scurfy. P. 1-4 cm., pale cinnamon, or tawny, becoming pale, hoary tan when dry, fleshy, convex and obtuse, then flattened and sometimes um- bilicate, slightly and somewhat pellucidly striate when moist, even and slightly silky when dry, covered round the margin with the hoary, silky squamulose, fugacious veil, very hygrophanous. St. 2-5 cm. x 24 mm., concolorous, but deeper in colour as the pileus becomes pale, equal, floccosely furfuraceous when young, base villose with the effused white mycelium. Gills concolorous, or bright cinnamon, sub- decurrent, broad near the st., more or less distant. Flesh concolorous, 438 TUBARIA becoming paler when dry, thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 6-9 x 5-6/A, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia on edge of gill flask-shaped, or cylindrical, apex obtuse, 4^8/j, in diam.. base ventricose, 40-60 x 15- 20/Lt. Taste mild. Edible. Gregarious. Woods, fields, heaths, hedge- rows, and roadsides. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. heterosticha Fr. ere/oo?, different; crrt^o?, rank. Differs from the type in the umbonate and depressed pileus, and the somewhat naked st. Woods, and heaths. July Nov. Not uncommon. (v.v.) var. trigonophylla (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 528, t. 483. T/o/7<i>o<?, triangular; <jjv\\ov, a leaf. Differs from the type in its smaller size, in becoming pale, and in the very broad, triangular, more distant, somewhat tawny ochraceous gills. Waysides, charcoal heaps, and old brick pits. July Nov. Not un- common, (v.v.) 1424. T. anthracophila Karst. avdpa%, charcoal; $1X09, loving. P. 14 cm., yellowish or ferruginous cinnamon, becoming paler when dry, fleshy, convex, then expanded, often irregular, and repand, flexuose, dry; margin pellucidly striate when moist, covered with concentric, white, fugacious squamules. St. 2-4 cm. x 3-5 jam., ferru- ginous, becoming paler, equal, or enlarged upwards, flexuose, curved, sometimes twisted, at length often compressed, white fibrillose, apex somewhat naked and striate, base white villose. Gills pallid, then concolorous, adnate, broadest behind or at the middle, somewhat crowded, edge unequal, often dentate and floccosely crenate. Flesh concolorous, becoming paler when dry, thin. Spores pale ferruginous, broadly elliptical, or pip-shaped, 6-8 x 4-5 /i, with a large central gutta. Charcoal heaps, footpaths, and burnt places. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1425. T. paludosa Fr. (= Gakra paludosa (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 1. 129, fig. 3. Paludosa, marshy. P. 5-15 mm., pale yellowish fuscous, or honey colour, submembrana- ceous, conical, then convex, umbonate with a very prominent papilla, everywhere silky with superficial, fugacious, pallid flocci. St. 4-8 cm. x 1-2 mm., ochraceous, attenuated at the apex, flexuose, paler, white villose below, flocculose above with the remains of the veil, which often forms a ring-like zone. Gills watery ochraceous, decurrent, very broad behind, triangular and with a decurrent tooth, thin, crowded. Flesh concolorous, very thin at the margin. Spores pale ferruginous, ellip- tical, or almond-shaped, 9-10 x 4-5 fi. Cystidia "on edge of gill filiform-subulate" Rick. Sphagnum swamps, and boggy ground. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) TTJBARIA 439 1426. T. stagnina Fr. (= Golem stagnina (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. 1. 129, fig. 2. Stagnina, belonging to swamps. P. 620 mm., bay -brown-ferruginous, or brown, somewhat ochraceous when dry, submembranaceous, conical, then hemispherical, obtuse, sometimes rather depressed at the centre, somewhat viscid, slightly striate when moist; margin elegantly clothed and appendiculate with fioccose, superficial, fugacious, concentric, white scales. St. 9-17-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., rubiginous, then date brown, slightly tough, equal, apex somewhat pruinose; base attenuated, white villose. ("Veil forming a membranaceous, fugacious, white ring" Quel.) Gills ferruginous, decurrent, very broad, triangular. Flesh concolorous, very thin at the margin. Spores dingy ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-15x5-6 fi. Bogs, and amongst Sphagnum in woods. July Sept. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1427. T. pellucida (Bull.) Fr. (= Naucoria pellucida (Bull.) Quel. ; Tubaria furfuracea (Pers.) W. G. Sm. sec. Quel.; Naucoria conspersa (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rick.) Pellucida, transparent. P. 12 cm., cinnamon, submembranaceous, conico-campanulate, umbonate, hygrophanous ; margin striate, silky and squamulose. St. 34 cm. x 2 mm., pale, attenuated upwards, shining apex pruinose. Gills paler, subdecurrent, broadest behind, triangular. Spores pale ochraceous, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 p. Cystidia on edge of gill cylindrical, flexuose, often capitate, apex 6-9/z in diam., base ventricose, 30-50 X 6-8/x. Roadsides, amongst leaves, especially beech. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1428. T. muscorum (HofEm.) Fr. (= Galera muscorum (Hofim.) Quel.; Tubaria pellucida (Bull.) Fr. sec. Rick.) Muscus, moss. P. 2-3 cm., tawny brown, then honey yellow, or wax colour, mem- branaceous, campanulate, then convex, hygrophanous, striate. St. 5cm. x r5mm., cream colour, then ochraceous, base tawny brown, soft, fibrillosely silky. Gills yellow, then rust colour, uncinato-adnate, broad, ventricose, thick, distant. Spores " ferruginous, elliptical, 8-9 /x" Quel.; "6-8 x 4ju," Sacc. Amongst mosses in damp places, and on trunks of trees. July Sept. Rare. 1429. T. embola Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 531, t. 514, fig. A. 6yL6/3oXo<?, a wedge. Entirely pale yellowish tawny when mature. P. 12 mm., ochraceous tan when dry, membranaceous, hygrophanous, campanulate, then hemispherical, obtuse, smooth, lineato-striate. St. 5 cm. x 2-3 mm., shining yellow when dry, base becoming ferruginous, thickened upwards, smooth, naked. Gills tawny cinnamon when dry, adnate, very broad behind, triangular, thick, very distant. Spores cinnamon, elliptical, 440 TUBARIA "10 x 4-6 /A" Massee. On heathy ground, and marshy thickets. June Nov. Uncommon. 1430. T. autochthona (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. (= Naucoria autochthona (B. & Br.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 531, t. 514, fig. B. awro?, self; ^6a)v, earth. P. 6-12 mm., ochrey white, hemispherical, obtuse, then plane, silky; margin striate, fiocculose. St. 1-5-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., white, equal, or thickened upwards, flexuose, pruinose, villose above ; base thickened, white woolly. Gills honey colour, then tawny, adnate with a tooth, horizontal, edge often white. Flesh white, very thin. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4/z, l-guttulate ; minutely punctate. Naked soil, and open downs. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1431. T. crobulus Fr. (= Naucoria crobulus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 532, t. 496. /cpct)(3v\os, a braid of hair gathered to a knot on the crown of the head. P. 1-2 cm., yellowish tawny, becoming hoary tan, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, slightly viscid, covered with fioccose, somewhat squarrose, separating, fugacious, white scales, then naked, shining. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., fuscous, tough, equal, incurved, flexuose, densely besprinkled with white fioccose scales, apex paler. Gills ochraceous, then fuscous ferruginous, adnate, subdecurrent, 2 mm. broad, crowded, edge unequal under a lens. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores brown, elliptical, 6-8 x 4/z. Cystidia filiform, flexuose, often capitate, apex 4-5 /u, in diam., 35-40 x 2-3/4. Chips, twigs, and on wood heaps. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1432. T. inquilina (Fr.) W. G. Sm. (= Naucoria inquilina (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 533, t. 497. Inquilina, a lodger. P. 1-2 cm., livid fuscous, somewhat brick colour, becoming hoary, or tan colour when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, convex, then plane, at length often umbonate, slightly viscid, smooth, striate wJien moist, pellicle separable. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., date brown, tough, attenuated downwards, flexuose, white fibrillose, or slightly silky, apex at first flocculose, thickened, base white floccose. Gills clay fuscous, then umber, broadly adnate, subdecurrent, broad behind, triangular, 2-3 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, pip-shaped, 5-6 x 3/n. Cystidia "on edge of gill fusi- form-filiform, 30-40 x 5-7 /u," Rick. On twigs, and sticks. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. ecbola Fr. e'/c/3oA,os, thrown out. Differs from the type in the clay coloured p., the rooting, equal st., and the crowded, ferruginous gills. On grass roots. Sept. Oct. Un- PLEUROTUS 441 D . Pileus confluent with the excentric, or lateral stem, dimidiate, sessile, or resupinate. Spores white, gill edge entire. Pleurotus FT. (TrXevpov, side; ovs, ear.) Pileus fleshy, or submembranaceous, excentric, dimidiate, or re- supinate. Stem excentric, lateral, or wanting; with or without a ring. Gills sinuate, adnate, decurrent, or radiating from a central point. Spores white, rarely pink, yellowish, lilac, or dingy; elliptical, globose, subglobose, pip-shaped, oblong elliptical, cylindrical, or reniform, smooth, granular, verrucose, or echinulate; continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, more rarely on the ground, or on dung. I. P. entire, laterally extended, excentric, not truly lateral. Lignicolous. A. Veil forming a ring. 1433. P. corticatus Fr. (= Pkurotus dryinus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 76. Corticatus, possessed of a bark. P. 520 cm., whitish grey, sometimes becoming yellowish, covered with dense grey down which separates into fioccose scales, very compact, convex, then flattened, somewhat disc-shaped, horizontal, always entire although excentric, rarely infundibulif orm ; margin involute, often denticulate with the remains of the ring. St. 2-59 x 2-53 cm., whitish, hard, rooted, more or less excentric, curved-ascending, squamu- loso-fibrillose. Ring white, silky- floccose, moderately thick, ruptured in a torn manner, adhering to the st. and the margin of the p., at length vanishing. Gills white, becoming yellow when old, deeply de- current, dichotomosely branched, anastomosing at the base, subdistant. Flesh white, hard. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, often slightly curved and apiculate at the base, 13-15 x 4-5/x, or 9-10 x 3-4/x, often with a large central gutta. Smell and taste pleasant, rather strong. Edible. Caespitose. On trunks of ash, elm, lime, and apple* Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. Albertinii (Fr.) Quel. (= Pleurotus corticatus Fr. var. tephro- trichus Fr. sec. Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 80, as Pleurotus corticatus Fr. var. tephrotrichus Fr. J. Albertini, an early mycologist. Differs from the type only in its smaller size, p. 7-10 cm., in the densely villose p., soon covered with subfuscous squamules, the hairy stem, and villose edge of the gills. Solitary. At the base of fir trunks, and on oak piles. July Sept. Uncommon. 442 PLEUROTUS 1434. P. dryinus (Pers.) Fr. (= Pkurotus dimidiatus (Schaefi.) Sacc.; Pleurotus corticatus Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 269, t. 226. Spv'ivos, oaken. P. 5-10 cm., whitish, variegated with spot-like scales, which become fuscous, lateral, oblique, rather plane. St. 2-5-4 x 1-3 cm., white, sublateral, somewhat woody, squamulose, with a short, blunt root. Ring scarcely apparent on the St., but appendiculate round the margin of the p. when young. Gills white, becoming yellow when old, not very decurrent, simple, narrow. Flesh white, thick, firm. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, 12-13 x 3-4/>i, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant, like mushrooms. Edible. On oaks, ash, willow, and walnut. Sept. Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1435. P. spongiosus Fr. Spongiosus, spongy. P. 5-18 cm., at first whitish, tomentose with persisted, cinereous down, then becoming brownish and fibrillose with age, excentric, somewhat lateral, pulvinate; margin paler. St. 1-3 x 14 cm., white, becoming greyish, very excentric, incurved, tomentose, base abrupt. Ring white, soon torn, appendiculate at the margin of the p., fugacious. Gills whitish, becoming beautifully yellow when old and dried, 3 mm. broad on one side of the st., 20 mm. wide on the other, sinuato-adnexed, crowded. Flesh spongy, greyish marbled in the p., tinged yellowish in the st. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, rounded, or sometimes pointed at one end, 12-14 x 4/z, 1-2-guttulate. On rotten beech, and mossy trunks. Oct. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) B. Veil none; gills sinuate, or obtusely adnate. 1436. P. ulmarius (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 271, t. 227. Ulmarius, belonging to elm. P. 6-20 cm., ochraceous becoming pale-livid, often marbled with round spots, convex, then plane, disc-shaped, compact, horizontal, often cracked in a tesselated manner, smooth. St. 5-11 x 1-5-4 cm., white, becoming tinged with yellow, firm, elastic, subexcentric, curved, ascending, base somewhat fusiform, or thickened and tomentose, often villose throughout. Gills pale ochraceous, or whitish emarginate, broad, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, tough. Spores white, globose, 5-6/x. Smell pleasant, or somewhat acid, taste pleasant. Edible. On trunks, especially elm. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1437. P. tessulatus (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 513, fig. 1. Tesselatus, checkered. P. 510 cm., grey, becoming pale tawny, convex, then plane, and in a form somewhat lateral, depressed behind, irregular, horizontal, variegated with round and hexagonal spots. St. 2-3 x 1-5 cm., white, compact, equal, or attenuated at the base, very excentric, curved- ascending, smooth. Gills white, or becoming yellow, sinuate behind, PLETJROTUS 443 thin, crowded. Flesh white, thick. Spores white, " obovate-globose, 5-5 x 4-5 /A" Sacc. Smell of new meal, taste pleasant. Edible. On trunks. Oct. Nov. Hare. P. decorus Fr. = Tricholoma decorum (Fr.) Quel. 1438. P. palmatus (Bull.) Fr. (= Pkurotus subpalmatus Fr. ; Pluteus reticulatus Cke.; Entoloma Cookei Rich.) Cke. Illus. no. 273, t. 255, as Pleurotus subpalmatus Fr. Palmatus, having the shape of a hand. Entirely more or less rufescent. P. 5-12 cm., of a beautiful orange- buff or nankeen colour, convex, then flattened, obtuse, imbricated and glued together, horizontal, more or less excentric, pruinose; margin involute, reticulato-corrugated. Cuticle gelatinous, thick, tough, diapha- nous, distilling limpid rufescent drops with an astringent taste. St. 3-7 x 1-1-5 cm., whitish, becoming rufescent, fibrilloso-striate, prui- nose, equal, curved-ascending. Gills paler than the pileus, joined in a collar behind, sinuate, connected by veins, broad, crowded. Flesh white, then tinged with red. Spores pink, or pale yellowish, globose, 4-6 /z, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste bitter and acrid. Caespitose. On elm trunks, old posts and beams. Sept. Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1439. P. craspedius Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 86, fig. 2. Kpd<nre8ov, the margin of a thing. P. 7-13 cm., brick colour, becoming pale tan, sometimes cinereous, more or less excentric, sometimes sublateral, but marginate behind, thin, at length almost membranaceous towards the margin, flaccid, plane, depressed behind when very excentric, smooth, somewhat moist; margin at first involute, then evolute, elegantly crenato-lobed, fimbriate. St. 2-5-7-5 x 1-2-5 cm., pallid, firm, elastic, very unequal, either thickened at the base, or equal, sometimes villose at the base. Gills shining white, wholly adnate, very thin, crowded, narrow, at length lacerated. Flesh watery, white when dry. Spores white, "5 x 4-5 /x" Sacc. Smell "strong, of cucumber" W. G. Sm. Caespitose. On rotten wood, and trunks, especially old poplars. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1440. P. fimbriatus (Bolt.) Fr. (= Clitocybe fimbriata (Bolt.) Quel.) Cke. Ulus. no. 275, t. 178, fig. 1. Fimbriatus, fringed. P. 5-8 cm., whitish, hyaline, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convexo- plane, then infundibuliform, more or less excentric, occasionally lateral, pruinose; margin sinuato-lobed, incised. St. 1-4 cm. x 4- 10 mm., concolorous, tough, round, or compressed, base pubescent. Gills white, wholly adnate, very narrow, very thin, very crowded. Flesh thin, tough, watery-pallid. Spores white, "oval, 3-5-5 x 2-5-3 JM, minutely rough" Sacc. Smell of new meal. Edible. On dead trunks, especially beech. Aug. Jan. Rare. 444 PLEUBOTUS 1441. P. Ruthae B. <fe Br. Cke. Illus. no. 275, t. 178, fig. 2. Miss Ruth Berkeley. P. 4 cm., whitish, or yellowish buff , fan- shaped, slightly hispid above the gelatinous stratum; margin very thin, striate. St. 1-3 cm. x 5- 6 mm., reddish, lateral, hispid, arising from a fibrous mycelium. Gills white with a reddish tinge, rather broad, acute behind, anastomosing, interstices veined. On sawdust. Oct. Rare. 1442. P. lignatilis Fr. (= Clitocybe lignatilis (Pers.) Quel.) Saund. & Sm. Myc. Illus. t. 6, figs. 4-6. Lignatilis, woody. Dingy whitish. P. 3-10 cm., rarely central, generally more or less excentric, occasionally wholly lateral, often reniform, thin but com- pact, tough, convex, then plane, obtuse, often umbilicate, flocculoso- pruinose\ margin involute, then expanded and undulato-lobed. St. 5-7-5 x 1-3 cm., 6-8 x 3-4 mm., sometimes absent, unequal, curved, or flexuose, tough, pruinosely villose; base rooting, somewhat tomen- tose. Gills shining white, often with a tinge of yellow, adnate, very crowded, narrow, divergent in the lobes, undulate. Flesh white, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 4 x 3/n. Smell strong of new meal. On trunks especially beech, and on rotten wood. Sept. Oct. Uncom- mon, (v.v.) var. tephrocephala Fr. refypos, ash-coloured; Ke<f>a\rf, head. Differs from the type in the more compact p., the black disc becoming cinereous, and the white margin. 1443. P. circinatus Fr. (= Clitocybe circinata (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon, t. 88, fig. 1. Circinatus, rounded. Entirely white. P. 6-9 cm., orbicular, horizontal, tough, convex, then plano-disc-shaped, obtuse, covered with a shining, whitish, slightly silky lustre. St. 3-8 cm. x 6-10 mm., elastic, central, or slightly ex- centric, generally straight, sometimes curved, bluntly or attenuato- rooted at the base. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent, crowded, broad. Flesh white, firm. Spores white, globose, 3-4/4. Smell pleasant. On beech, and brick stumps. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. C. Veil none; gills deeply decurrent; stem distinct, somewhat vertical. 1444. P. sapidus Schulz. (= Pleurotus cornucopiae (Paul.) Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 8, fig. 1. Sapidus, pleasant. P. 512 cm., white, or light yellow, becoming fuscous, or umber, ex- centric, lateral, subsessile, deformed, convex, disc depressed. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 6-16 mm., white, or pallid yellow, incrassated upwards and dilated in the pileus, often branched, curved, ascending, arising from a fleshy, bulbous, white base. Gills pallid, decurrent, rather distant, PLEUROTUS 445 broad. Flesh white. Spores white, oblong ovate, 7-8 x 4/i or 10- 12 x 4-5 p, lilac colour in the mass. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. On elm trunks. June Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1445. P. pantoleucus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 88, fig. 2. 7ra<?, all; Xev/co?, white. Entirely white. P. 4-8 cm., excentric, dimidiate, spathulate, slightly convex, subdepressed and marginate behind. St. 2-3 x 1-1-5 cm., ascending, very excentric, equal, or attenuated downwards. Flesh white, compact. Gills decurrent, somewhat crowded, broad. On trunks, willow. Oct. Uncommon. 1446. P. mutilus Fr. (= Omphalia mutila (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 88, fig. 4. Mutilus, maimed. Entirely white. P. 1-3 cm., very excentric, or wholly lateral, soft, tough, reniform, spathulate, and depressed behind, subumbilicate, otherwise ascending, silky when dry. St. 6-8 x 2-4 mm. erect, or ascending, excentric, or somewhat lateral, round, tough, base villose. Gills decurrent, somewhat crowded, narrow, thick. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Pastures, and hill- sides. July Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) D. Veil none; gills deeply decurrent; p. lateral, sessile, or extended behind into a short, oblique stem-like base. 1447. P. ostreatus (Jacq.) Fr. Ostreatus, rough. P. 7-13 cm., when young almost black, soon becoming pale, fuscous- cinereous, passing into yellow when old, soft, conchate, somewhat dimi- diate, ascending, moist, cuticle sometimes torn into squamules. St. 2-4 x 2 cm., often wanting, white, firm, elastic, ascending obliquely, dilated upwards into the pileus, base strigosely villose. Gills white, be- coming yellowish, margin sometimes umber, decurrent, anastomosing at the base, subdistant, broad. Flesh white. Spores lilac in the mass, elliptical, 9-11 x 4-5-6 /A, 1-many-guttulate. Taste and smell plea- sant. Edible. On stumps, trunks, and logs. Jan. Dec. Common. (v.v.) (Bull.) Fr. Glandulosus, having glands. Differs from the type in the glandular gills. On stumps. July Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. euosmus (Berk.) Cke. (= Pleurotus columbinus Quel.) Hussey, 111. Brit. Myc. i, t. 75. 61/007109, sweet smelling. Differs from the type in its strong smell like that of tarragon. Poison- ous. On elm stumps. April Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 446 PLEUROTUS var. columbinus (Quel.) Cke. (= Pleurotus columbinus Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 6, as Pleurotus columbinus Bres. Columbinus, pertaining to a pigeon. Differs from the type in the dark bluish grey pileus, and glaucous gills. Edible. On stumps. Feb. Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1448. P. revolutus Kickx. Revolutus, rolled back. P. 9-15 cm., at first smoky, then lead and mouse colours, disc darker, firm, elastic, convexo-plane, depressed behind, shining; margin in- curved. St. 2-5 x 2-3 cm., whitish, sometimes pubescent. Gills white, decurrent, serrulated. On old trunks, poplar, beech. Sept. Oct. Rare. var. anglicus Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 281, 1. 180, as Pleurotus revolutus Kickx. Anglicus, English. Differs from the type in the margin of the pileus being only very slightly, or not at all incurved, and in its pallid ochraceous gills. On trunks. Rare. 1449. P. salignus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 282, t. 228. Salignus, belonging to willow. P. 58 cm., fuliginous-cinereous, or ochraceous, compact, spongy, subdimidiate, horizontal, at first pulvinate, at length depressed behind, here and there strigose. St. 1-1-5 x 3-4 cm., tan, firm, more or less tomentose. Gills dingy-fuliginous, horizontal, branched in the middle, crowded, edge often eroded. Spores dingy, "oblong cylindrical, often curved, 8-14 x 3-4-5/x, 1-guttulate" Karst. On willow, and alder trunks. Sept. Jan. Uncommon. 1450. P. acerinus Fr. Acerinus, belonging to maple. Entirely shining white, tough. P. 2-5-10 cm., thin, unequal, silky- villose. St. 1x1 cm., often obsolete, somewhat lateral, whitish, villose. Gills white, becoming yellow, decurrent, crowded, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3p, or 6-7 x 4-5/u,, 1-2-guttulate. On trunks, and logs of maple, ash, and hornbeam. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) II. Pileus definitely lateral, immarginate behind, not resupinate at first. 1451. P. petaloides (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 226. 7TTa\,ov, a leaf; etSo?, like. P. 2-5-5 cm., fuscous, becoming pale, dimidiate, somewhat spathulate, continuous with the stem', margin at first involute, then expanded. St. 1-5-2-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm., sometimes very short, whitish, firm, com- pressed, channelled when larger, villose. Gills white, or yellowish, then cinereous, decurrent, very crowded, very narrow, very unequal. Flesh PLEUROTTTS 447 of the pileus with a gelatinous layer under the cuticle. Spores white, elliptical, 6-8 x 4-5 /A, granular. Cystidia fusiform, 50-60 x 12-15/n, apex pointed, very thick walled. On stumps, and on the ground. Aug. Jan. Rare, (v.v.) 1452. P. pulmonarius Fr. Pulmonarius, belonging to the lungs. P. 4-8 cm., cinereous, then tan colour, continuous with the stem, soft but tough, flaccid, obovate, or reniform; margin plane, or reflexo- conchate. St. 1-5 cm. x 12 mm., or wanting, exactly lateral, hori- zontal, or ascending, expanded into the pileus, round, villose. Gills whitish, then livid, or cinereous, decurrent, but ending determinately, moderately broad. Spores white, "8-10 x 2-3 p, or 10-12 x 3-4/u," Sacc. On beech, and birch stumps. Sept. Rare. var. juglandis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 87, fig. 2. Juglans, a walnut. Sessile, smaller than the type, caespitose. P. greyish-brown, obovate, attenuated into a very short stem-like base. Gills concolorous, or paler. On walnut trunks. Rare. 1453. P. serotinus (Schrad.) Fr. Pat. tab. anal. t. 629. Serotinus, late. P. 37 cm., yellow-green, fuliginous olive, then olive, thick, gibbous- convex, then plane and ascending, reniform, or obovate, pellicle viscid in wet weather; margin involute, then expanded and revolute. St. 1-2-5 x 1 cm., or wanting, lateral, yellow, dotted with fuliginous or brownish squamules, forming a fuliginous zone near the gills. Gills bright yellow, adnate, narrow, crowded, often branched. Flesh white, with a gelatinous layer under the cuticle of the p. Spores white, sausage- shaped, curved, 5-6 x 1-5-2/z, becoming 2-septate. Cystidia abun- dant on gill edge, scattered elsewhere, with yellowish contents in the upper part, cylindrical, or subfusiform, obtuse, or slightly clavate at the apex, base ventricose, or attenuated; 40-53 x 8-10 x 5-8 /u, at apex. On trunks and fallen logs. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. Almeni (Fr.) Big. & Guill. FT. Icon. t. 87, fig. 3, as Agaricus (Pleurotus) Almeni Fr. Professor A. Almen. Differs from the type in its larger size, tawny fuscous p. and paler st. and gills. Fallen logs. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 1454. P. mitis (Pers.) Berk. Outl. t. 6, fig. 9. Mitis, mild. Entirely white, or becoming rufescent. P. 1-2 cm., thin, continuous with the st. in a straight line, horizontal, reniform. St. 6-12 x 6- 12 mm., definitely lateral, compressed and dilated upwards, sprinkled with white, mealy squamules. Gills adnate, linear-lanceolate, very crowded. Flesh white, with a gelatinous layer under the cuticle of the p. Spores white, reniform, 4 x 2fi. On coniferous twigs and stumps. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 448 PLETJBOTUS 1455. P. rufipes Massee & W. G. Sm. Rufus, red; pes, foot. P. 3-4 mm., white, disc salmon, membranaceous, dimidiate, or reni- form, convex, very glutinous when moist; margin incurved. St. 4-6 x 5 mm., reddish, viscous, becoming recurved, base white downy. Gills white, interstices pale salmon, adnate, broad, distant. Flesh of stem salmon-red, centre white. Spores white, oblong, 2-2-5 x -75/u. On wood. Sept. Oct. Eare. 1456. P. gadinoides W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 286, t. 276, top figs. Gadinia, a species of bivalve; eZSo?, like. Entirely white. P. 11*5 cm., dimidiate, shell-shaped, hygrophanous, smooth, or clothed with fine adpressed fiocci. St. minute, lateral, or none. Gills adnate, somewhat crowded, slightly branched. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 3/u. On tree-fern stems. May. Rare. 1457. P. limpidus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 88, fig. 3. Limpidus, clear. Entirely hyaline white, shining white when dry. P. 2-3 cm., obovate, or reniform, horizontal, narrowed behind into a stem-like base, pruinose ; margin shortly inflexed, very thin. Gills decurrent at the base, crowded, thin, linear. Spores white, "globose, 6 /A, with a large central gutta" Quel.; "subcylindrical, obtusely rounded at both ends, obliquely apiculate at the base, 7-8 x 3-4 /x" Sacc. On ash, beech, and willow stumps. Nov. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1458. P. reniformis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 89, fig. 3. Reniformis, kidney -shaped. P. 6-10 mm., cinereous, horizontal, reniform, plane, emarginate be- hind, villose; margin spreading. St. rudimentary, lateral, villose. Gills grey, linear, running out from the stem-like tubercle, thin. Flesh thin, somewhat gelatinous, diaphanous. Spores white, globose, 3-4/z, warted, 1-guttulate. On buried twigs, and branches of silver-fir. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1459. P. Laurocerasi B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 287, t. 242, top figs. Cerasus Laurocerasus, the cherry laurel. P. 2-3 cm., brown, oyster-shaped, sulcate, cuticle very thin, cracking at the furrows. St. obsolete. Gills pinkish, adnate, connected by veins, broad. Spores white, ovate, 8 x 5 /A. On a trunk of cherry laurel. Oct. Rare. 1460. P. tremulus (Schaefi.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 242. Tremulus, shaking. P. 14 cm., fuscous-grey, becoming pale, submembranaceous, some- what horizontal, reniform, plane, sometimes infundibuliform and lobed, hygrophanous, diaphanous, tomentose under a lens. St. 8- 12 x 4-6 mm., grey, exactly lateral, ascending-vertical, round, dilated PLETTROTUS 449 upwards. Gills grey, adnate or decurrent, very unequal, linear, narrow, somewhat distant. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores pip-shaped, 7-8 x 3-4jLt, 1-2-guttulate. On the ground, moss, and fungi. Aug. Dec. Un- common, (v.v.) 1461. P. acerosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 89, fig. 2. Acerosus, acerose, coniferous. P. 2-3 cm., grey, or brown, silky white when dry, membranaceous, reniform, somewhat lobed, striate, flaccid. St. 2-6 x 2 mm., often wanting, lateral, whitish, base strigose-rooting. Gills grey, adnate, linear, crowded. Flesh pallid, thin. Spores white, globose, 4-6 fj., 1-guttulate. On twigs, needles, and stumps in coniferous woods, and on Sphagnum in bogs. Aug. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1462. P. dictyorhizus (DC.) Fr. (= Calathinus dictyorhizus (DC.) Quel.) Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 72, fig. 2. SLKTVOV, net- work; pia, root. Entirely shining white. P. -5-1 cm., orbicular, or dimidiate, lobed, membranaceous, very delicate, villosely silky, reticulately fibrillose at the base. St. 1-3 x -5 mm., generally wanting, villose. Gills extending to the base, distant, linear, lanceolate. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 4ju, 1-guttulate. On twigs, and dead wood. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) III. P. at first resupinate, then reflexed, sessile; gills meeting at an excentric point. A. P. fleshy, uniform in texture. 1463. P. pomgens (Pers.) Fr. (= Calathinus porrigens (Pers.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 288, t. 259, fig. A. Porrigens, stretching out. Entirely shining white. P. 2-5-10 cm., at first resupinate, sessile, adnate behind, forming excentric orbicular shields, with the gills con- current in an umbilicus, soon extended laterally, ascending, ear-shaped, narrow at the base, dilated above, at length undulato-lobed, tough, flaccid, pruinose, tomentose towards the base, diaphanous. Gills at first concurrent, then decurrent, often branched, somewhat veined, very narrow, crowded, linear. Flesh white, thin, compact. Spores white, subglobose, 78 x 6/x. On coniferous stumps. June Nov. Common in Scotland, uncommon elsewhere, (v.v.) 1464. P. septicus Fr. (= Calathinus pubescens (Sow.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 288, t. 259, fig. B. crr/TTTitcos, putrefying. Entirely shining white. P. 2-10 mm., at first resupinate, attached to the wood, then reflexed and appearing sessile with flaxy rootlets, villose. St. 2-4 x -5 mm., filiform, incurved, villose, becoming erect and at length vanishing. Gills converging round the rudiment of a 450 PLEUROTUS stem, comparatively broad, somewhat distant. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores elliptical, 9-10 x 5/x,, often depressed on the one side. On dead twigs, decayed wood, rabbit dung and fungi. March Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) P. nidulans (Pers.) Fr. = Crepidotus nidulans (Pers.) Quel. Ench. B. P. fleshy, striate, with an upper gelatinous layer, or viscous pellicle. 1465. P. mastrucatus Fr. (= Calathinus mastrucatus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 289, t. 243, upper figs. Mastrucatus, clothed in a sheep-skin. P. 3-12 cm., mouse grey, as if prickly with fioccose, squarrose, con- colorous scales, obovate, or tongue-shaped, soft, flaccid; margin in- volute, lobed. Gills whitish-grey, concurrent in an excentric umbilicus, then converging to the base of the pileus, broad, somewhat distant. Flesh, upper layer gelatinous, mouse-fuscous, the lower a little thicker, pallid. Spores white, "pruniform, 7-9 /i" Quel. On old beech stumps. Rare. 1466. P. atrocaeruleus Fr. (= Calathinus atrocaeruleus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 289, t. 243, lower figs. Ater, black; caeruleus, azure-blue. P. 2-5-5 cm., dark azure-blue, rarely fuscous, at first resupinate, soon reflexed, horizontal, obovate, or reniform, villose, slightly wrinkled when dry. Gills whitish, becoming light yellow, at first con- current, then reaching the base, broad. Flesh, upper layer toughly gelatinous, as much as 4 mm. thick, fuscous-blackish, the lower thinner, whitish. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/x, often de- pressed on one side, with a large central gutta. Cystidia abundant, fusiform, 46-60 x 8-1 1/u, very thick walled, sometimes septate at the base, encrusted in the upper portion. Smell sometimes pleasant. On beech, birch, and poplar stumps. Oct. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1467. P. Leightonii Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 290, t. 260, upper figs. The Rev. W. A. Leighton, the eminent Shropshire lichenologist. P. 10 mm., umber, then lead-coloured, at first cyphellaeform, ob- liquely conical, furfuraceous, with short, scattered, black bristles inter- mixed. Gills pallid tan colour, rather thick, distant, somewhat forked at the base, slightly undulated, obscurely wrinkled at the base, the interstices scarcely reticulated. Flesh, upper layer gelatinous, of the colour of the pileus, the lower white. Spores white, "somewhat sausage-shaped, slightly curved, 10 x 3/x" Sacc. On wood, rotten rails. Dec. Rare. 1468. P. algidus Fr. (= Calathinus algidus (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 290, t. 260, lower figs. Algidus, cold. P. 1-5 cm., umber, or rufous brown, at first resupinate, then ex- PLEUROTUS 451 panded, subreniform and reflexed, fleshy, velvety, then smooth, viscid. Gills pallid yellow, concurrent, then appearing adnate, crowded, rather broad, sometimes crisped at the base. Flesh, upper layer gelatinous, brownish, lower whitish. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5 p, 1-2- guttulate. On trunks of willow, mountain ash. Aug. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 1469. P. fluxilis Fr. (= Calathinus fiuxilis (Fr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 291, t. 244, top figs. Fluxilis, fluid. P. 2-3 cm., somewhat umber, pale grey, or olivaceous, thin, dimidiate, sessile, reniform, covered with a fluid, gelatinous stratum. Gills whitish, linear, 2 mm. broad, rounded behind, distant. Flesh thin, soft, yellow- ish. Spores white, "elliptical-oblong, 10/Li, guttate" Quel. On mossy beech trunks, and on wood, and sawdust. Oct. Eare. 1470. P. cyphellaeformis Berk. (= Dictyolus cyphellaeformis (Berk.) Cost. & Duf.) Cke. Illus. no. 291, t. 244, middle figs. Kv<f)e\\a, the hollow of the ear;/orma, shape. P. 4-10 mm., cinereous, cup-shaped, then dependent, very minutely strigose, especially at the base; margin paler, sprinkled with a few meal-like scales. Gills pure white, rather distant, the alternate ones shorter, narrow, linear. Flesh, upper layer gelatinous, cinereous, the lower white and very thin. Spores white, sausage-shaped, curved, 7-8 x 4/i, 2-guttulate. On dead herbaceous stems, and sticks. Feb. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1471. P. applicatus (Batsch) Berk. (= Calathinus applicatus (Batsch) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 291, t. 244, bottom figs. Applicatus, attached to. Entirely dark cinereous. P. 4-7 mm., cup-shaped, orbicular, adnate behind, villose at the base, then reflexed, slightly vittose, or sub- pruinose, substriate when moist. Gills whitish at the edge, few, radi- ating from a white umbilicus, rather thick, broad. Flesh grey, upper layer gelatinous. Spores white, elliptical, 7-9 x 4-5/z, often de- pressed on one side, 1-3-guttulate. On dead branches, and twigs. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) C. P. membranaceous, not viscid. 1472. P. Hobsonii Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 292, t. 212, fig. A. Lieut. Julian C. Hobson. P. 28 mm., pale grey, membranaceous, reniform, or dimidiate, sessile, minutely downy; margin involute. Gills pallid, rather distant. On larch stumps. Sept. Rare. 292 452 PLEUROTUS. SCHIZOPHYLLTJM 1473. P. striatulus Fr. (= Calathinus striatulus (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon t. 89, fig. 5. Striatulus, somewhat striate Entirely pale cinereous. P. 4-7 mm., sessile, cup-shaped, very tender, pellucid, striate, wrinkled when dry. Gills sometimes whitish, few, distant. Spores white, "oval, 5/j," Quel. On twigs, branches, and stumps of fir, hazel, elm. May Dec. Uncommon. 1474. P. hypnophilus Berk. (= Calathinus hypnophilus (Berk.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 292, t. 212, fig. C. Hypnum, the name of a moss genus ; (1X09, loving. Entirely white. P. 5-10 mm., sessile, resupinate, somewhat reni- form, rugose, slightly striate. Gills thin, crowded, radiating from a central point. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x 3 p. On the larger mosses, and fallen leaves. Sept. Dec. Uncommon. 1475. P. chioneus (Pers.) Fr. (= Calathinus chioneus (Pers.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 292, t. 212, fig. D. %*&>", snow. Entirely snow-white. P. 4-5 mm., very tender, lateral, then resu- pinate, orbicular, becoming reniform, villose; margin involute. St. 1-2 x -5 mm., villose, vanishing. Gills radiating, crowded, rather broad, sometimes with intermediate shorter ones. Spores white, pip-shaped, depressed on one side, 5-8 x 3p,, minutely verrucose. On twigs, dead leaves, and dung. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) Spores white, gill edge longitudinally split. Schizophyllum Fr. (<r\a'&>, I split; <f)v\\ov, a leaf.) Pileus coriaceous, resupinate. Stem lateral or none. Gills radiating from a central point, becoming longitudinally split and revolute at the edge. Spores white, cylindrical, smooth, continuous. Cystidia none. Growing on wood. 1476. S. commune Fr. (= Schizophyllum commune Fr. var. multi- fidum Massee.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 61. Commune, common. P. 1-3 cm., greyish, or flesh colour, becoming white, more or less fan- shaped, or reniform, often much lobed, very arid, pendulous, com- monly extended behind into a stem-like base, covered with white-grey down, then strigose. Gills fuscous-grey, then purplish, or whitish, split- ting and revolute at the edge, radiating, narrow. Flesh brownish, be- coming whitish. Spores white, cylindrical, straight, or curved, 6 x 3/n. On fallen trunks, and dead branches in woods, also in timber yards on imported timber. May Jan. Not uncommon. CLAUDOPUS 453 Spores pink. Claudopus W. G. Sm. (Claudus, lame; TTOVS, foot.) Pileus fleshy, excentric, lateral, or resupinate. Stem lateral, or none. Gills radiating from a central point, or decurrent. Spores pink, elliptical, globose, oblong, smooth, angular or verrucose, con- tinuous. Cystidia present. Growing on wood, or on the ground. 1477. C. variabilis (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (= Crepidotus variabilis (Pers.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 371, t. 344, top figs. Variabilis, variable. P. 1-2 cm., white, slightly fleshy, resupinate, then reflexed, tomen- tose, putting forth from the centre a short, incurved, villose stem which is obliterated when the pileus is reflexed. Gills whitish, then rubiginous, at first concurrent in an excentric point, then reaching the base, broad, distant. Flesh white. Spores pink, elliptical, 5-6 x 3/A, "warted" Maire. Cystidia "on edge of gill clavate-bottle-shaped, 36-45 x 7-9 p, " Rick. On dead sticks, fallen branches, and leaves, in woods, hedgerows, and wood-yards. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. sphaerosporus Pat. <r(f>aipa, a ball; <nropd, seed. Differs from the type in the subglobose spores, 7-8 x 6-7/1,. Woods, and hedgerows. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1478. C. depluens (Batsch) W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 371, t. 344, middle figs. Depluens, raining down. P. 2-3 cm., rufescent-hoary, submembranaceous, resupinate, then reflexed, changeable in form, delicately silky; at first with a villose stem then stemless. Gills grey, then rufescent, scarcely decurrent, diverging, broad, ventricose, somewhat crowded. Flesh thin, watery, fragile. Spores pink, " subelliptical-renif orm, 10-12 x 5-6 /x. Cystidia on edge of gill undulating-filiform, 45-50 x 4-6 p." Rick. On the ground, amongst moss, sawdust, wood-ashes, sometimes in stoves. Oct. Uncommon. 1479. C. byssisedus (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 14, fig. 4. /3uo-o-o<?, fine flax; sedeo, I sit. P. 1-4 cm., grey, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy, at length horizontal, reniform, plane, villose. St. 12 mm. long, incurved, villose, attenuated upwards, zoned at the base with white cottony fibrils. Gills whitish-cinereous, then rubiginous with the spores, adnato-decurrent, ventricose, rather broad. Flesh concolorous, thin. Spores pink, an- gular, broadly elliptical, 10-11 x 7/n, 1-2-guttulate. On dead beech, and wood of hornbeam, also on the ground. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 454 CREPIDOTUS Spores ochraceous. Crepidotus Fr. (Kpi)7rl<;, a man's boot; ov<?, ear.) Pileus fleshy, excentric, lateral, or resupinate. Stem lateral, or none. Gills more or less decurrent, or radiating from a central point. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or fuscous; elliptical, subglobose, oval, or fusiform; smooth, granular, verrucose, or echinulate; con- tinuous. Cystidia present. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground. C. palmatus (BuU.) Fr. = Pleurotus palmatus (Bull.) Quel. 1480. C. nidulans (Pers.) Quel. Ench. (= Pleurotus nidulans (Pers.) Fr.; Crepidot us jonquilla (Paul.) Quel.) Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 6, fig. 4. Nidulans, nestling. P. 1-8 cm., yellow, or yellow orange, becoming pale, fleshy, resupinate, cup-shaped, then expanded and reflexed, dimidiate, kidney-shaped, sessile, tomentose, the tomentum concolorous, or becoming whitish; margin inrolled, often lobed and orange-coloured. Gills orange tawny, at first concurrent, then adnate, 2-4 mm. broad, subdistant, often veined on the sides. Flesh yellowish, becoming whitish when dry, staining paper a yellow colour, thick, soft. Spores bright ochraceous, broadly elliptical, 5-6 x 4/i, 1-2-guttulate. Smell pleasant, "of melon" Quel. Gregarious, sometimes imbricate. On rotten pine, and beech wood. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1481. C. alveolus (Lasch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 534, t. 499, upper figs. Alveolus, a little trough. P. 2-6 cm., ochraceous fuscous, occasionally becoming olive at the margin, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, obovate, somewhat cunei- form, sometimes repand, rather plane, moist, smooth, dimidiate, laterally somewhat sessile, or extended behind with a short, stem-like tomentoso-villous base and horizontal. Gills clay-fuscous, determinate, 4 mm. broad, crowded. Flesh whitish, thick, soft. Spores brownish, elliptical, 8-10 x 6/u. Stumps and logs, especially oak. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1482. C. moffls (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 535, t. 498. Mollis, soft. P. 3-7 cm., pallid, then becoming hoary, fleshy, convexo-plane, ob- ovate, or reniform, undulate and lobed when larger, flaccid, smooth, dimidiate, subsessile, or extended behind into a short, 12mm., strigose st., often imbricated. Gills whitish grey, then watery cinnamon, com- monly decurrent to the base, linear, 2-4 mm. broad, often branched. Flesh watery whitish, subgelatinous especially under the cuticle, thick. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/u,. Cystidia "on edge of gill cylindrical-filiform, 45-54 x 5-6 /u" Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Stumps, twigs, fallen branches, and sawdust. May Dec. Common. (v.v.) 455 CREPIDOTUS 455 1483. C. applanatus (Pers.) Fr. Applanatus, flattened. P. 1-8 cm., watery cinnamon, or fuliginous, whitish when dry, very hygrophanous, fleshy, fragile, wholly plane and horizontal, extended behind in a straight line into a very short, white, tomentose St., reniform, or cuneiform, at length depressed behind, subsessile, minutely tomen- tose; margin slightly striate when moist. Gills whitish, then watery cinnamon, ending determinately behind, linear, crowded, thin. Flesh whitish, watery, soft. Spores brownish, elliptical, 7-8 x 5/u,, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "on edge of gill cylindrical-filiform, 36-40 x 5-7 /A" Rick. On twigs and dead wood. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1484. C. calolepis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 129, fig. 4. fca\6<;, beautiful; XeTW, scale. P. 1-7 cm., cream, or pale yellow, beautifully variegated with minute, crowded, rufescent scales, fleshy, reniform, convex, almost shell-shaped, dimidiate, sessile on a small villose knot, margined with white behind. Gills pallid fuscous, then fuscous ferruginous, concurrent at the base, rounded behind, comparatively broad. Flesh white, firm, fairly thick. Spores brownish, elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6 p,. Stumps, and fallen branches, especially poplar, and ash. Common, (v.v.) 1485. C. putrigenus Berk. & Curt. Puter, rotten; genus, birth. P. 12-19 mm., whitish, subreniform, imbricate, tomentose, beset at the base with a delicate white tomentum. Gills whitish, becoming ferruginous brown, broad. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 7/u,. Damp wood. Sept. Rare. 1486. C. versutus Peck. Versutus, deceitful. P. 9-20 mm., white, resupinate, then reflexed, sessile, thin, covered with a soft villose tomentum ; margin incurved. Gills pallid, then ferrugi- nous, concurrent in an excentric point, rounded behind, rather broad, subdistant. Flesh white, thin. Spores ferruginous brown, subelliptical, 9-10 x 4-5 /A. On dead wood, and rotten branches. June Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1487. C. epigaeus (Pers.) B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 537, t. 516, fig. A. eiriyaios, upon the earth. P. 1-2 cm., reddish grey, fragile, reniform, or flabellate ; base whitish, downy. Gills watery rufescent, divergent, narrow. Flesh pallid, very thin. Spores pale cinnamon, broadly elliptical, 10 x 7 /A. On marlstone clay. Nov. Rare. 1488. C. haustellaris Fr. (= C. flurstedtiensis (Batsch) Sacc.) Cke. Illus. no. 536, t. 515, fig. A. Haurio, I draw water. P. 2-3 cm., pale yellowish tan, becoming pale, but often cinnamon wJien old, fleshy, almost pellucid, flaccid, exactly lateral, reniform, 456 CBEPIDOTUS plane, delicately villose. St. 4-8 x 2-4 mm., white, attenuated upwards, almost conical, round, villose, somewhat ascending when young, then straight and horizontal. Gills pallid, then fuscous cinnamon, deter- minate, rounded, somewhat crowded. Flesh pallid, watery, thin. Spores "ellipsoid, ochraceous, 6-7 x 4-5-5-5/x" Sacc. On dead trunks, and fallen branches of poplar. June Oct. Rare. C. Rubi Berk. = Naucoria effugiens Quel. C. variabilis (Pers.) Quel. = Claudopus variabilis (Pers.) W. G. Sni. 1489. C. chimonophilus B. & Br. Cke. Hlus. no. 536, t. 515, fig. D. XIIJ,Q>V, winter; <i\os, loving. Entirely pure white. P. 4-6 mm., convex, fleshy, clothed with villose down; margin inflexed. St. extremely short, or obsolete, excentric.. Gills attenuated behind, narrow, distant, few. Flesh white, rather thick. Spores pale cinnamon, elliptical, 5 x 3/i. Dead branches of Pyrus torminalis. Dec. Rare. 1490. C. epibryus Fr. Cke. nius. no. 537, t. 516, fig. C. eVt, upon; ftpvov, moss. P. 4-10 mm., shining white, membranaceous, cup-shaped, resupinate, sessile, pellucid, adnate at the vertex, becoming silky-even. Gills whitish, then pale yellowish, concurrent in the centre, thin, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores "ochraceous, elliptical, fusiform, 10-12/A, minutely echinulate" Quel. On mosses, grass, holly-leaves, Vaccinium, twigs, and herbaceous stems. Oct. Jan. Uncommon. 1491. C. pezizoides (Nees) Fr. Cke. IUus. no. 537, t. 516, fig. D. Treft?, Peziza; eZSo<?, like. P. 4-6 mm., whitish, or reddish, sessile, thin, cup-shaped, then re- flexed, mealy subtomentose. GUIs olivaceous fuscous, then tawny, con- current at the centre, subdistant. Gregarious. On rotten branches, and old wood. Rare. 1492. C. Phillipsii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 536, t. 515, fig. C. W. Phillips of Shrewsbury, the eminent mycologist. Slightly umber. P. 4-6 mm., oblique, striate, smooth. St. 2-3 x 5 mm., incurved at the base, sometimes obsolete. Gills shortly adnate, narrow, ventricose. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores pale ochraceous, elliptical, 56 x 2-5-3/x. Dead grass leaves, and stems. May Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1493. C. Ralfsii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 537, t. 516, fig. B. J. Ralfs, an eminent botanist. P. 5-15 mm., yellow, or fuscous, semi-reflexed, delicately furfura- ceous, slightly hispid, the involute margin spreading, adfixed by CEEPIDOTUS. BUSSULA 457 cottony flocci. Gills day colour, ventricose, edge whitish. Flesh con- colon 'ous, thin. Spores brown, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5 fi, with a large central gutta. Dead branches, and decaying wood. March. Bare, (v.v.) 1494. C. luteolus Lamb. Luteolus, yellowish. P. clear yellow, then pale, thin, stipitate at first, then resupinate and st. disappearing, tomentose. Gills orange yellow, then cinnamon, crowded. Spores rusty. 1495. C. Parisotii Pat. Parisot. P. 5-6 mm., bright lemon yellow, sessile, velvety tomentose with simple, or branched thin hairs ; margin incurved, attached to the support above by some white fibrils, with an extremely short stem below which terminates on the under side of the p. in a yellowish white, projecting, velvety heap. Gills reddish, unequal, the longer ones reaching the central mass, very distant, thick. Spores ochraceous, hyaline, or granular, oval, apiculate, 4-5 x 2/A. On twigs. Rare. 1496. C. proboscideus Fr. Trpofioa-icLs, an elephant's trunk. P. 2-3 cm., ochraceous, sometimes white, fleshy, elongate shell- shaped, or trumpet-shaped, more prolonged on the one side, cottony. St. conical, very short, really only a continuation of the p., base cottony. Gills whitish, then concolorous, or watery cinnamon, thin, fairly distant. Rotten wood, fallen branches, and wooden ceiling. Dec. Rare. II. Receptacle fleshy, trama vesiculose, and traversed by lacticiferous vessels. Spores white, or yellow. Latex watery, uncoloured. Russula Fr. (Russulus, reddish.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy. Gills adnate, sinuato- adnate, adnexed, free, or decurrent, rigid, fragile, edge acute. Spores white, or yellow, rarely greenish; globose, subglobose, or elliptical, echinulate, verrucose, subreticulate, or with anastomosing ridges and spines, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, rarely on wood. I. P. fleshy throughout, margin more or less involute, pellicle slightly developed, dry, adnate. Flesh compact, firm. Gills unequal, alternate. Spores white in the mass. *Flesh not changing colour, gills narrow, decurrent. 1497. R. delica Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 201. Delica, weaned. P. 5-8 cm., white, becoming spotted with light brown, convex, um- 458 RUSSULA bilicate, then somewhat infundibuliform, at first delicately tomen- tose, then only in little patches. St. 2-3-5 x -5-2 cm., white, becoming somewhat light brown, attenuated at the base, finely tomentose under a lens. Gills white, exuding watery drops when young, decurrent, or adnate, crowded, narrow, sometimes branched near the margin, rarely bifid at the base. Flesh white. Spores hyaline, subglobose, 8-9 x 7-8 /z, verrucose, with a large central gutta. "Hyphae containing oil globules traverse the tissue and terminate in cystidia-like bodies, 60-70 x 6-8jti." Bres. Smell pleasant, taste slowly acrid. Deciduous, and pine woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1498. R. chloroides (Krombh.) Bres. (= Lactarius exsuccus (Otto) Fr.; Russula delica Aut. plur. pr. p. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 202. %Xw/oo9, pale green; etSo?, like. P. 6-15 cm., pallid then ochraceous, convexo-plane, then somewhat infundibuliform, pubescent, soon smooth, areolately cracked in dry weather. St. 3-6 x 2-3-5 cm., white then concolorous, the extreme apex incirded by a greenish zone, equal, or attenuated at the base, rugulose. Gills whitish, or greenish, becoming pallid and often spotted fuscous in old age, subdecurrent, or sinuato-adnate, broad, somewhat crowded, connected by veins. Flesh white, cheesy. Spores hyaline, subglobose, 8-11 x 8-10 ju,, echinulate. Cystidia fusiform, 70-90 x 8-1 2 p. Smell at length unpleasant, taste acrid. Woods. Aug. Dec. Common, especially in some years, (v.v.) 1499. R. elephantina Fr. (= Russula chloroides Krombh. sec. Bataille.) e\e(f>dvTivo<;, of ivory. P. 7-5 cm., fuscous-tan, paler at the margin, convexo-umbilicate ; margin undulated, exceeding the gills. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5 cm., shining white, obese, very hard. Gills white, spotted pale yellowish when touched, obtusely or sinuato-adnate, arcuate, somewhat crowded, thin, divided behind. Flesh of stem shining white. Spores "14 x 10 jit" Sacc. Woods. Sept. Rare. **Flesh becoming black. 1500. R. nigricans (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 970, t. 1015. Nigricans, becoming black. P. 5-20 cm., olivaceous-fuliginous, at length black, convex, then flattened and umbilicato-depressed, slightly viscid when moist, at length rimoso-squamulose. St. 3-7 x 2-5 cm., pallid, at length black, equal. Gills ochraceous, reddening when touched, rounded behind, slightly adnexed, thick, distant, wide. Flesh firm, white, becoming red on exposure to the air, and finally black. Spores white, globose, 8-9 /x, verrucose, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "only on edge of gill, vesiculose, then ventricose, pointed, 45-60 x 15-30 /x" Rick. Taste mild, then acrid. Woods. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) RUSSULA 459 1501. R. adusta (Pers.) Fr. (= Russula albo-nigra Krombh. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 972, t. 1051. Adusta, scorched. P. 8-15 cm., pallid, or whitish, becoming cinereous-fuliginous, con- vex, then depressed, and somewhat infundibuliform. St. 3-5 x 2- 3 cm., concolorous, obese. Gills white, then dingy, adnate, then de- current, thin, crowded, narrow. Flesh white, then brownish, and finally black. Spores white, globose, 8/z, verrucose. Cystidia "sparse, subu- late, 45-50 x 7/i" Rick. Taste mild. Woods. Aug. Nov. Com- mon, (v.v.) var. caerulescens Fr. Caerulescens, becoming blue. Differs from the type in the flesh becoming dark blue when cut or broken. Deciduous woods. Rare, (v.v.) var. albo-nigra (Krombh.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 971, t. 1016. Albus, white; nigra, black. Differs from the type in the white pileus becoming smoky near the margin, the stem fuscous from the first, and the flesh immediately be- coming black when broken. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, subulate-pointed, 75-90 x 9-10/x, filled with dark juice" Rick. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1502. R. densifolia (Seer.) Gill. Cke. Illus. no. 973, t. 1017. Densus, crowded ; folium, leaf. P. 7-10 cm., whitish, then dingy brown, and finally black, convex, then depressed, slightly viscid at first; margin elastic, villose, white. St. 3-5 x 1-2 cm., white, then concolorous, equal, pruinose. Gills white, becoming grey when touched, then dingy, and finally black, adnate, decurrent by a tooth, narrow, crowded, thin. Flesh white, becoming red when broken, and finally black. Spores white, globose, 7-8/z, echinu- late, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste slowly acrid. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1503. R. semicrema Fr. FT. Icon. t. 172, fig. 1. Semi,hali; crema, burnt. P. 6-11 cm., persistently white, convex then plane, disc umbilicate. St. 5-8 x 5-6 cm., white, becoming black, firm. Gills persistently white, decurrent, crowded, thin. Flesh of pileus persistently white, becoming black in the stem. Spores white, globose, 8-9/1,, verruculose. Taste mild. Woods. Aug. Sept. Rare. II. Pellicle of the pileus dry, adnate, rarely possessing cystidia, usually breaking up into fiocci, granules, or areolae. Margin rounded, never striate (except 1511), or involute. Gills with a very broad, rounded apex. Spores whitish cream-colour in mass. 1504. R. lactea (Pers.) Fr. Lactea, milk-white. P. 5-12 cm., milk-white, then tan-white, convex, then plane, often excentric, pruinose, appearing as if stippled under a lens, then 460 RUSSULA minutely cracked. St. 3-5 x 2-4 cm., white, equal, or ventricose, pruinose. Gills whitish cream colour, free, very broad, thick, distant, forked. Flesh white, compact. Spores very pale ochraceous, globose, 7-S/A, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1505. R. incarnate Quel. Cke. Illus. no.^90, 1. 1071, as Russula lactea Pers. var. incarnata Quel. Incarnata, flesh-colour. P. 6-10 cm., white, tinged with rose, at length tan colour, convex, then depressed, minutely mealy, then cracked into areolae. St. 4-6 x 1-5- 2 cm., white, firm, pruinose. Gills whitish cream colour, adnate, broad, forked, rigid. Flesh white. Spores very pale ochraceous, globose, 8-lOju, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1506. R. virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 991, t. 1039. Virescens, green. P. 6-12 cm., deep or pallid green, globose, then expanded, at length depressed, often unequal, the flocculose cuticle broken up into patches, or warts. St. 5-10 x 23 cm., white, or whitish cream colour, firm, pruinose, subrivulose. Gills white, then whitish cream colour, free, or adnate, thick, somewhat crowded, sometimes forked. Flesh white, not very compact. Spores very pale ochraceous, globose, 6-8/A, verru- cose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia narrowly fusiform, apex obtuse, 2-3/u, in diam., 55-65 x 8-10/A. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. July Oct. Common, (v.v.) 1507. R. lepida Fr. (= Russula lepida Fr. var. pulcherrima Gillet.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 204. Lepida, charming. P. 5-10 cm., blood-red-rose, becoming pale, and somewhat tan-leather colour at the disc, convex, then expanded, rarely depressed, pruinose, appearing under a lens as if stippled, at length often rimoso-squamulose. St. 3-5-7 x 1-5-2 cm., white, often tinged with rose colour, especially on one side, or at the base, equal, or attenuated at the base, very firm. Gills whitish cream colour, the edge often minutely dentate and red, especially towards the margin of the pileus, rounded behind, or at- tenuate, rather thick, somewhat crowded, often forked, connected by veins. Flesh white, firm, cheesy. Spores very pale ochre in the mass, hyaline under the microscope, globose, 8-10/x, echinulate. Cystidia "cylindrical, rounded, 60-90 x 15/u." Rick. Smell pleasant. Taste pleasant, then very slowly acrid. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Com- mon, (v.v.) var. alba Quel. Alba, white. Differs from the type in the pruinose, milk-white p. sometimes tinged with rose colour, and the white, mealy st. Woods. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) RUSSULA 461 1508. R. Linnaei Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 172, fig. 3. Carlos Linnaeus, the eminent Swedish botanist. P. 7-12 cm., unicolorous, dark purple, blood-red, or bright rose, opaque, not becoming pale, convex, then plane and depressed, some- times repand, dry, pruinose. St. 4-6 x 2-3 cm., blood-red, rarely white, somewhat ventricose, firm, spongy within, obsoletely fibrilloso- reticulate. Gills white, then ochraceous, adnate, subdecurrent, rather thick, broad, fragile, slightly connected by veins, not crowded, some- what anastomosing behind. Flesh white, compact, firm. Spores pale ochraceous, elliptically globose, echinulate, 8-11 x Sp,. Cystidia "on surface of gill sparse, cylindrical, pointed, 50-60 x 8-12 p" Rick. Taste mild. Woods. Oct. Rare. 1509. R. azurea Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 24. Azurea, sky-blue. P. 3-6 cm., bright blue, margin sometimes lilac, becoming pale, con- vex, then plane or depressed, fleshy, soon dry, constantly minutely granular', margin scarcely striate in old age. St. 3--5 x 11-5 cm., white, ventricose, or attenuated at the base, somewhat rugulose, firm. Gills white, attenuato-adnate, crowded, equal, forked. Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 8-9 x S/A, verrucose. Cystidia fusiform, 60-70 x 12-13jn. Taste mild. Edible. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1510. R. olivacea (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1001, t. 1041. Olivacea, olivaceous. P. 612 cm., dingy purple, then olivaceous, or wholly fuscous-oliva- ceous, convex, then plane and depressed, fleshy, slightly silky and squamulose. St. 5-8 x 1-52 cm., rose colour, or pallid, firm, ventri- cose. Gills bright yellow, adnexed, wide, with shorter and forked ones intermixed, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellowish. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 10/x, punctate. Cystidia "subulate, 50-75 x 8-12/i," Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Fir woods. Aug. Uncommon. 1511. R. elegans Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 25. Elegans, neat. P. 3-5 cm., bright rosy fiesh colour, soon becoming ochraceous at the circumference, convex, then somewhat depressed, fleshy, thin, viscid; everywhere densely granulate; margin tuberculosely striate when old. St. 3-5 x 1 cm., white, becoming ochraceous at the somewhat thickened base, rather rugulose. Gills whitish, becoming either wholly, or par- tially orange ochre, attenuated behind, adnexed, or slightly rounded, very crowded, equal, rarely furcate. Flesh white, becoming ochraceous with age. Spores whitish in the mass, pale greenish hyaline or yellowish under the microscope, globose, 8-10/z, strongly echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 50 x 8-9 JJL" Rick. Taste acrid when old. Coniferous woods. Sept. Uncommon. 462 RUSSULA 1512. R. serotina Quel. Cke. lUus. no. 1003, t. 1042, lower figs. Serotina, late. P. 2-3 cm., violet, lilac, bistre, or olivaceous, margin lilac with the extreme edge white, globose, then plane, white pruinose at first. St. 2-3 cm. x 3-4 mm., white, minutely pubescent, equal. Gills white, then tinged yellowish, adnate, crowded. Flesh white. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 7/x, echinulate. Taste acrid. Beech woods, and on old willow, and poplar stumps. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) III. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, separable at the margin and possess- ing cystidia. Margin subacute, rarely striate in old age. Flesh firm. Taste mild. Gills attenuated in front, often forked and un- equal. Spores verrucose, small, white in the mass. 1513. R. cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1007, t. 1076. Kvavos, blue; ai>66<>, yellow. P. 5-15 cm., lilac, or purplish, then olivaceous green, disc commonly becoming pale, often yellowish, margin commonly becoming azure-blue, or livid-purple, convex, then plane and depressed, or infundibuliform, viscid, sometimes wrinkled, or streaked. St. 5-9 x 2-3 cm., white, rarely tinged with lilac, elastic, equal. Gills shining white, rounded be- hind, connected by veins, forked, broad, not much crowded. Flesh white, purple or reddish under the pellicle. Spores white, globose, 7-10/u,, verrucose. Cystidia abundant, conical, 70-80 x 7-8//,. Taste pleasant. Edible. June Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1514. R. fflacea Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 1004, t. 1054. Lilacea, lilac-coloured. P. 4-8 cm., violet, or lilac, often brownish, margin becoming whitish, convex, then depressed, thin, viscid ; margin striate, thin. St. 4-6 x 1-5-2 cm., white, often rosy at the base, corticate, fragile, apex pruinose, wrinkled-striate. Gills white, free, ventricose, connected by veins, often forked. Flesh white, violet under the pellicle. Spores white, sub- globose, 8-9 fj,, verrucose. Smell pleasant, of apple. Taste mild. Edible. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1515. R. citrina Gillet. Cke. Illus. no. 1031, t. 1078. Citrina, lemon yellow. P. 5-10 cm., bright citron yellow, colour usually uniform, sometimes paler at the margin, occasionally with a greenish tint, disc at length be- coming pale ochraceous, convex, then more or less depressed in the centre, slightly viscid, pellicle separable; margin thin, becoming tuberculosely striate with age. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, equal, or slightly attenuated at the base, striate. Gills white, slightly decurrent, forked at the base, and sometimes also near the middle, attenuated at both ends. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 7-8/n, verrucose. RUSSULA jf 463 Cystidia abundant, conical, 50-60 x 7-8/4. Taste mild, becoming acrid. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1516. R. fingibilis Britz. Cke. Illus. no. 1030, t. 1048. Fingibilis, imaginary. P. 5 cm., yellow, disc darker, convex, then plane or depressed, fleshy at the disc, viscid. St. 2-5-4 x 1 cm., white, equal, soft. Gills white, narrowed behind, almost free, rather crowded, unequal, thin. Flesh white. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9x7/4, minutely echinulate. Taste mild. Amongst grass under trees. July. Un- common. 1517. R. furcata (Pers.) Fr. (= Russula bifida (Bull.) Schroet.) Barla, Champ. Nice, t. 16, figs. 1-9. Furcata, forked. P. 6-12 cm., green, becoming somewhat ochraceous at the disc with age, convex, then plane or depressed, sometimes infundibuliform, fleshy, viscid in wet weather, polished in dry weather; margin thin. St. 4-6 x 1-5-2 cm., white, equal, or attenuated downwards, firm. Gills shining white, sometimes becoming spotted with brown when old, attenuated at both ends, adnato-decurrent, forked from the base, more rarely higher up, somewhat distant, rather thick. Flesh white, brown- ish under the separable pellicle. Spores white, globose, 6-8/4, minutely verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia clavate, 45-60 x 8-1 1 p. Taste mild, becoming slightly bitter when old especially in the gills. Woods, and lawns. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) var. pictipes Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 979, t. 1086. Pictus. painted; pes, foot. Differs from the type in the slightly striate margin of the pileus, in the stem being rosy at the apex and tinted with green at the base, and in the rosy flesh beneath the cuticle of the pileus. Woods and under trees. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. ochroviridis Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 980, t. 1100. w^po?, pale yellow; viridis, green. Differs from the type in the paler greenish ochre pileus, the narrower gills, rugose stem, and fuliginous flesh when cut. Woods. Aug. 1518. R. mitisRea. Mitis, mild. P. 6-8 cm., disc yellowish, surrounded by purplish mouse colour, or pale rose and purple, becoming yellowish towards the circumference, convex, then piano-expanded and depressed, spongy but firm, viscid, pellicle easily separable; margin thin, pellucidly striate, tuberculate when old. St. 4-5 x 1-5 cm., white, attenuated downwards, rugulose. Gills white, then tinged faint straw colour, adnate, attenuated at both ends, branched from the base or higher up, scarcely any intermediate 464 RUSSULA ones, veined at the base. Flesh white, somewhat rust colour at the base of the stem, ochraceous under the pellicle. Spores white, globose, 6/u,, verrucose. Taste mild. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1519. R. heterophylla Fr. (= Russula livida (Pers.) Schroet.) Cke. Illus. no. 1010, t. 1045. erepo?, different; (f>v\\ov, leaf. P. 5-8 cm., greenish or yellowish brown, disc becoming ochraceous, very variable in colour but never becoming reddish or purple, fleshy, firm, convex, then plane and depressed; margin thin, sometimes densely but slightly striate. St. 2-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm., shining white, equal, or attenuated at the base, firm, delicately striate. Gills shining white, decurrent, very narrow, very crowded, thin, often forked. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /z, verrucose. Cystidia "on edge of gill filiform-clavate, often constricted and capitate, 50-60 x 7-9^" Rick. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1520. R. galochroa Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1011, t. 1089. <yd\a, milk; %pc6?, colour. P. 4-6 cm., milk white, then greenish, convex, then plane, viscid in wet weather, sometimes sprinkled with white floccose spots; margin sometimes striate. St. 2-5-5 x 1-1-5 cm., white, firm. Gills white, adnate, crowded, narrow, more or less forked. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /A, verrucose. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1521. R. virginea Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1197, t. 1197. Virginea, maidenly. Entirely pure white. P. 5 cm., convex then depressed, fleshy, firm, viscid when moist, polished when dry. St. 5 x 2 cm., attenuated up- wards, firm, finely rugulose. Gills subdecurrent, very narrow, 1-2 mm. wide, repeatedly forked, connected by veins, brittle, crowded. Spores white, globose, 4ju,, minutely apiculate at the base, almost smooth. Cystidia none. Taste mild. Woods. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) IV. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, more or less separable, possessing cystidia, yellowish, ochraceous, or brownish, sometimes olivaceous brown, never red or violet. Margin straight, more or less striate, subacute. Taste acrid. Spores pure white, or cream. 1522. R. foetens (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1015, t. 1046. Foetens, stinking. P. 8-15 cm., dingy yellow, often becoming pale, thinly fleshy, globose, then expanded and depressed, rigid, viscid in wet weather; margin broadly membranaceous, at first incurved, at length tuber culately- striate. St. 5-9 x 1-3 cm., whitish, ventricose. Gills whitish, or straw colour, often dingy when bruised, at the first exuding watery drops, RUSSULA 465 adnexed, crowded, connected by veins, often forked. Flesh white, then ochraceous. Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 8-11 x 8-9 /it, echinulate. Cystidia clavate, often slightly constricted below the apex, 45-50 x 8-10/i, contents yellowish. Smell very strong. Taste acrid. Woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1523. R. consobrina Fr. (= Russula livescens (Batsch) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1012, t. 1055. Consobrina, cousin. P. 7-12 cm., dark cinereous, or fuscous olivaceous, fleshy, fragile, campanulate, then expanded, at length depressed, viscid; margin membranaceous. St. 5-8 x 22-5 cm., white, at length becoming cinereous, equal. Gills white, then greyish, free, forked, broad, crowded, thick. Flesh white, cinereous under the pellicle. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 10/A, verrucose. Smell faint, taste very acrid. Coniferous woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. sororia (Larb.) Fr. (= Russula consobrina Fr. var. intermedia Cke.) Fr. Icon. t. 173, fig. 1. Sororia, sisterly. Differs from the type in the striate margin of the pileus, and in the subdistant gills, connected by veins. Woods, and pastures. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1524. R. pectinata (Bull.) Fr. (= Russula consobrina Fr. var. sororia (Larb.) Cke.) Cke. lUus. no. 1024, t. 1101. Pectinata, like the teeth of a comb. P. 4-8 cm., toast brown, becoming pale tan, disc always darker, fleshy, viscid, rigid, convex, then flattened and depressed, or concavo- infundibuliform; margin thin, tuberculately-sulcate. St. 3-5 x 1- 2-5 cm., shining white, equal, or attenuated at the base, rigid, sub- striate longitudinally. Gills whitish, attenuato-free, broader towards the margin, equal, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, light yellowish under the pellicle. Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 6-8 x 6-7 /n, verrucose. Cystidia sparse, conico-cylindrical, 40-50 x 8-13/n, obtuse. Smell unpleasant. Taste very acrid. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1525. R. ochroleuca (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1025, t. 1049. &>%/009, sallow; \evic6s, white. P. 3-9 cm., yellow, becoming pale, convex, then flattened or de- pressed, polished, viscid. St. 4-7 x 1-5-2 cm., white, becoming cinereous, firm, equal, sometimes enlarged at the base, slightly re- ticulately rugose. Gills white, becoming pale, rounded behind, free, broader in front, somewhat equal, fragile. Flesh white, yellowish under the pellicle. Spores white, globose, 8-11 /LI, echinulate. Smell pleasant, taste acrid. Cystidia conical, 55-70 x 8-10)Li. Beech, and coniferous woods. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) B, B. B. 30 466 RUSSULA var. claro-flava (Grove) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1198, t. 1196. Clarus, bright ;flavus, yellow. Differs from the type in the bright chrome-yellow pileus, and in the gills becoming pale lemon-yellow. Amongst grass in damp places. var. granulosa (Cke.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 1026, t. 1038. Granulosa, mealy. Differs from the type in the cuticle of the pileus and stem breaking up into minute granules, which are snow-white at the apex of the stem, fuscousbelow. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1526. R. fellea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 173, fig. 2. Fellea, full of gall. Entirely straw-colour. P. 3-9 cm., often with a deeper yellowish tinge, disc darker, thinly fleshy, convex, then plane, viscid; margin striate when old. St. 5-6 x 1-2-5 cm., equal. Gills exuding watery drops, then spotted with yellow, adnate, crowded, thin, narrow, forked, obsoletely connected by veins. Flesh whitish, then concolorous with the gills. Spores very pale ochraceous, globose, 8/x,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia conical, 55-65 x 7-9/A. Taste very acrid and bitter. Beech woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1527. R. subfoetens W. G. Smith. Cke. Illus. no. 1016, t. 1047. Sub, some what ;foetens, stinking. P. 4-8 cm., yellowish white, then ochraceous, especially on the disc, firm, rigid, convex, then plane or depressed, viscid; margin thin, translucid, tuberculately sulcate. St. 5-6 x 1-2-5 cm., white, becoming tinged with yellow, subequal, or attenuated at the base, firm. Gills white, becoming yellow, adnate, thick, distant, narrow, branched. Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 /A, echinulate. Smell somewhat disagreeable, taste slightly acrid. Grassy places, and on lawns under beeches. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) V. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, more or less separable, possessing numerous cystidia, purplish. Margin straight, acute, somewhat striate. Gills more or less unequal and forked, generally narrow and acutely attenuated in front, often adnate. Flesh firm. Taste acrid. Spores white cream, or ochraceous yellow in mass. 1528. R. sanguinea (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 981, t. 1019. Sanguinea, bloody. P. 5-9 cm., blood-red, or becoming pale round the spreading acute margin, fleshy, firm, convex, obtuse, then depressed and infundibuli- form, disc generally gibbous, polished, moist in damp weather. St. 410 x 1-2 cm., reddish, rarely white, at first contracted at the apex, then equal, firm, wrinkled striate, pruinose. Gills white, then cream colour, decurrent, rarely forked, crowded, narrow, connected by veins, RUSSULA 467 fragile. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle, cheesy. Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 6-7 x Q/JL, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia conical, 55-65 x 10-12/x. Taste acrid. Woods especially pine. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1529. R. rosacea (Pers.) Fr. Rosacea, rosy. P. 4-10 cm., rosy flesh colour, varying in intensity, becoming whitish, variegated with darker spots when dry, convex, then plane and um- bilicate, or flexuose and incised, often irregular, compactly fleshy, firm, viscid', margin acute. St. 4-5 x 2 cm., white, or reddish, equal, or attenuated at the base, occasionally ventricose, pruinose. Gills white, often coloured reddish on the edge near the margin of the pileus, adnate, fairly broad, forked, edge unequal. Flesh white, reddish under the pellicle, cheesy. Spores white, globose, 8/n, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste acrid. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1530. R. drimeia Cke. (= Russula expallens Gill.) Cke. Illus. no. 988, t. 1023. Spifj,vs, pungent. P. 5-11 cm., bright purple to dark rose colour, becoming decoloured with age, convex, then expanded and more or less depressed, scarcely viscid when moist, opaque when dry, compact, firm; margin incurved, slightly striate when old. St. 5-10 x 1-3 cm., tinged with purple, equal, firm, sometimes rather mealy. Gills pale sulphur yellow, then deeper yellow, adnexed, scarcely crowded, narrow, furcate at the base. Flesh yellowish, then white, reddish under the cuticle of the p. and st. Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 8-9 x 8/i, verrucose, or slightly echinulate. Cystidia fusiform, 50-65 x 8-10jLt. Taste very acrid. Coniferous woods. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. Queletii (Fr.) Bataille. Cke. lUus. no. 1019, t. 1028. Lucien Quelet, the eminent French mycologist. Differs from the type in the white or wax coloured gills which exud drops that on drying leave azure-blue-cinereous, or pallid olivaceous spots. Woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1531. R. rubra (Krombh.) Bres. (non Lam. et DC.). Fung. Trid. t. 203. Rubra, red. P. 4-10 cm., red, rosy or whitish at the margin, fleshy, convex then plane and depressed, dry, sometimes somewhat pruinose St. 3-5- 7 x 1-3 cm., white, often becoming somewhat cinereous with age, equal, often attenuated or incrassated at the base, rugulose. Gills white, then ochraceous, sinuato-adnexed, or rounded behind, crowded or some- what crowded, forked, connected by veins. Flesh white, rosy under the cuticle. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 8-9 x 7-8^, verrucose or slightly echinulate. Cystidia clavate, 60-70 x 6-10/x,. Smell pleasant, taste very acrid. Deciduous woods. Aug. Oct. Notuncommon. (v.v.) 302 468 RUSSTJLA VI. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, generally separable, possessing numerous cystidia, red or purple. Margin rounded, generally striate. Flesh fragile. Taste acrid. Gills generally equal, fragile, rounded in front, free. Spores pure white, rarely cream- white in mass. 1532. R. fragilis (Pers.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1028, t. 1091. Fragilis, brittle. P. 3-5 cm., flesh colour, or red, changing colour, convex, often um- bonate, then plane and depressed, very thin, fleshy only at the disc, slightly viscid; margin very thin, tuberculoso-striate. St. 4-5 x 1 cm., white, very fragile, pruinose, often slightly striate. Gills shining white, slightly adnexed, very thin, crowded, ventricose, all equal. Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 7-9 x 7-8/j,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cys- tidia "sparse, with a short lanceolate point, 60-70 x 10-12/i" Rick. Taste very acrid. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. nivea (Pers.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1029, t. 1060, fig. B. Nivea, snow-white. Differs from the type in the white pileus. Woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. fallax (Schaeff.) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1023, t. 1059, as Russula fallax Schaeff. Fallax, deceptive. Differs from the type in the olivaceous disc of the pileus. Woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1533. R. violacea Quel. (= Agaricus fragilis violascens Seer.) Cke. Illus. no. 1029, t. 1060, fig. A, as Russula fragilis Fr. var. violacea Quel. Violacea, violet. P. 3-5 cm., bright violet, with a narrow whitish margin, often spotted with yellow, green, or olive, convex, then plane and depressed, thin, viscid, striate. St. 3-4 x -51 cm., white, fragile, striate, pruinose. Gills white, adnate, crowded, thin. Flesh white. Spores pale straw in the mass, globose, 8-9/Lt, verrucose. Smell "of laudanum" Quel. Taste very acrid. Woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1534. R. emetica (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1021, t. 1030. efierifcrj, provoking sickness. P. 4-10 cm., rosy, then blood colour, tawny when old, sometimes be- coming yellow, and at length white, campanulate, then flattened, or depressed, polished, sometimes rugulose ; margin at length tubercularly sulcate. St. 3-7 x 1-1-5 cm., white, or reddish, rigid. Gills shining white, free, or adnate, broad, subdistant. Flesh white, reddish under the separable pellicle. Spores white, globose, 8/x,, echinulate, 1-guttu- late. Cystidia "lanceolate, 60-75 x 12-18/n, not very abundant" Eick. Taste very acrid. Beech woods, and under beeches. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) RUSSULA 469 var. Clusii Fr. Vitt. t. 38, fig. 1, as Agaricus emeticm. Clusius, one of the earliest illustrators of fungi. Differs from the type in the gills and flesh becoming yellow. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1535. R. luteo-tacta Eea. (= Russula sardonia Bres. non Fr.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 94, as Russula sardonia Fr. Luteus, yellow; tacta, touched. P. 4-7 cm., rosy, or blood-red, soon becoming whitish in places and spotted with yellow, convex, then plane and depressed, fleshy. St. 4-5 x 1-1-5 cm., white, or rosy, spotted with yellow, equal, rugose. Gills white, exuding watery drops in wet weather, then spotted with yellow, becoming yellowish when cut or bruised, adnate, crowded, some- what forked. Flesh white, tinged yellowish when cut or bruised, reddish under the cuticle. Spores white, globose, 6-8 /x, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste very acrid. Woods, and parks. Aug. Oct. Notuncommon. (v.v.) 1536. R. atropurpurea (Krombh.) Maire. (= Russula rubra Cke. non Fr.; Russula depallens Cke. an Fr.?; Russula purpurea Gill.; Russula Clusii Bataille, an Fr.? Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 997, t. 1087. Ater, black; purpurea, purple. P. 5-9 cm., deep blood-red, almost black at the disc, and often yellowish at first at the margin, hemispherical, then convexo-plane, and finally depressed or infundibuliform, fleshy, firm, viscid, slightly rugosely wrinkled ; margin thin, hardly striate in old age, often exceeding the gills. St. 4-7 x 1-3 cm., white, unchangeable, or sometimes becoming slightly stained with ochraceous brown, sometimes rosy in the middle, base ochraceous, firm, somewhat equal, slightly rugoso-striate, apex pruinose. Gills white, then yellowish, sinuato-free, attenuated behind, broader in front, equal, rather crowded. Flesh whitish, either un- changeable, or becoming slightly stained with ochraceous brown, reddish purple under the cuticle. Spores pure white, subglobose, 9 x 8/x, verru- cose, 1-guttulate. Smell slight, pleasant. Taste either mild, or acrid. Woods, and under conifers. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) var. depallens (Cke.) Maire. Cke. Illus. no. 985, t. 1021. Depallens, becoming pale. Differs from the type in the pileus soon loosing its colour, and in the stem and flesh becoming grey with age. Woods. Aug. Oct. Com- mon, (v.v.) VII. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, separable, possessing cystidia, variously coloured. Margin rounded, generally striate. Flesh fragile. Gills equal, fragile, rounded in front, free or somewhat free. Spores cream ochraceous, or yellow ochraceous in the mass (rarely whitish yellow in the mass but then the taste is mild, or only slightly acrid when young and the pileus is never red). 470 RUSSULA *Flesh becoming black, taste mild or slightly acrid when young. 1537. R. decolorans Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1039, t. 1079. Decolorans, discolouring. P. 5-10 cm., orange-red, then light yellow, and becoming pale, spherical, then expanded and depressed, remarkably regular, fleshy, viscid; margin thin, at length striate. St. 6-10 x 1-2 cm., white, be- coming cinereous, cylindrical, often rugoso- striate. Gills white, then yellowish, adnexed, often in pairs, thin, crowded, fragile. Flesh white, becoming cinereous when broken, especially in the stem, and more or less variegated with black spots when old. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, "11-13 x 8-9 /u," Maire, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 50-60 x 6-8 jit" Rick. Taste mild, then slightly acrid. Edible. Coniferous woods, and peat bogs. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. **Flesh not becoming black, taste mild, or somewhat acrid when young. 1538. R. Integra (Linn.) Bataille. Integra, entire. P. 8-12 cm., bay, brown, or olivaceous, becoming pale, convex, then plane, fleshy, firm, viscid; margin thin, becoming tuberculately striate. St. 9-10 x 2-3 cm., white, clavate, or ventricose, fragile, wrinkled- striate. Gills white, then mealy and ochraceous cream, free, very broad, connected by veins. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous cream in mass, subglobose, 8-10 x 7-9 /A, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "clavate apex obtuse, 50-60 x 10-15/x" Rick. Smell pleasant, taste mild, then slightly acrid. Edible. Coniferous woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1539. R. Romellii Maire. (= Russula olivascens Quel. sec. Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 1036, 1. 1034, no. 1037, 1. 1093, as Russula integra Linn. ; no. 1038, t. 1094, as Russula integra Linn. var. alba Cke. Lars Romell, the eminent Swedish mycologist. P. 8-15 cm., reddish, purple, violet, becoming olivaceous, isabelline, whitish, convex, then plane and more or less depressed, soft, fragile, viscid, disc often streaked with innate fibrils; margin rounded, often striate, rarely tuberculoso-striate. St. 6-9 x 1-5-2 cm., white, pruinose, becoming glabrous, somewhat cylindrical, wrinkled-striate, sometimes distinctly corticate. Gills white, at length light yellow, somewhat ochraceous-pulverulent with the spores, free or somewhat adnate, very broad, equal, somewhat distant, rarely forked, or unequal, more or less connected by veins. Flesh white, rarely slightly violaceous under the cuticle. Spores deep yellow ochre in the mass, yellow under the microscope, elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 p, marked with anastomosing ridges and spines. Cystidia often with an appendage, 60-90 x 8-10/i. Smell weak, taste pleasant. Deciduous woods. June Nov. Common. RUSSULA 471 1540. R. erythropus (Fr.) Peltereau. epvdpbs, red; TTOV?, foot. P. 8-16 cm., dark blood-red, disc darker, decolouring very slightly with age, never tinted ochraceous or olivaceous, convex, then de- pressed, firm, dull, unpolished; margin slightly striate when old. St. 6-10 x 2-3 cm., rose-red, rarely rose-red on one side only, firm, equal. Gills white, then deep ochraceous, very broad, attenuated near the stem, rounded near the margin of the pileus. Spores ochraceous, globose, 8-10 x 8-9/i, echinulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1541. R. xerampelina (Schaefl.) Fr. (= Russula Barlae Cke. sec. Maire.) Cke. Illus. no. 1000, t. 1074, upper figs. ^pa/jLTreXivo^, of the colour of withered vine leaves. P. 6-12 cm., rosy purple, disc becoming pale, yellowish white, some- times inclining to olivaceous, convex, then flattened, at length de- pressed, fleshy, compact, without a distinct pellicle, slightly viscid at first, then very slightly rimulose, so that the cuticle under a lens is very thinly granular or punctate; margin spreading. St. 48 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white, or reddish, equal, or thickened at the base, firm. Gills whitish, then yellowish, adnexed, broader in front, forked behind, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, becoming brownish with age. Spores pale ochra- ceous, globose, 7-9 /A, echinulate. Cystidia obtusely conical, 68-78 x 10-12/x. Smell strong, when old like crab. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1542. R. cutifracta Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 992, t. 1024. Cutis, skin;/roca, broken. P. 7-12 cm., purple, green, or dull red, convex, then a little de- pressed in the centre, fleshy, firm, dry, pulverulent, dull, viscid in wet weather, opaque, cuticle sometimes cracking from the margin inwards into minute firmly adnate areolae. St. 6-8 x 2-5 cm., white, often slightly tinged with purple or rose on one side, nearly equal, or a little attenuated above, firm. Gills white, then cream, adnexed, or nearly free, narrowed behind, furcate, somewhat crowded, often tinted yellow on the cracks at the edge. Flesh white, tinged with purple under the cuticle. Spores ochraceous, globose, 10/u,, marked with anastomosing ridges and spines. Taste mild. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1543. R. grisea (Pers.) Bres. (= Russula palumbina Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 13. Grisea, grey. P. 6-9 cm., greyish lilac, or bluish grey, mixed with rose, yellow, or olive, then becoming greenish, convex, then expanded and depressed, fleshy, fragile, slightly viscid, shining when dry. St. 8-10 x 2-3 cm., white, fragile, rugoso-striate. Gills cream colour, with a tint of apricot fiesh colour, adnate, sometimes forked, broadest towards the margin. 472 BUSSULA Flesh white, lilac beneath the thin, separable pellicle. Spores ochra- ceous, elliptical, 8 x 7/x, echinulate. Taste mild, slightly acrid in the gills of young specimens. Cystidia "lanceolate, 60-90 x 10-15^i" Rick. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Sept. Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) 1544. R. graminicolor (Seer.) Quel. (= Russula aeruginea (Lindb.) Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 173, fig. 3, as Russula aeruginea Lindb. Gramen, grass; color, colour. P. 5-14 cm., aeruginous-green, disc darker, slightly brownish bistre, convex, then plane and depressed, fleshy, fragile, pellicle separable ; margin paler, striate. St. 5-12 x 2-5-4 cm., white, firm, equal, or attenuated at the base, rugose. Gills white, then cream, sometimes spotted with brown when old, slightly adnexed, attenuated behind, broad in front, often connate two by two at the base. Flesh white, fragile. Spores cream colour in the mass, elliptical, 5-8 x 6- 7/n, echinu- late. Cystidia "abundant, lanceolate, 69-95 x 8-12/z, granular in the upper part" Rick. Taste acrid when young, then only in the gills when old. Under birches, and in pine woods. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1545. R. chamaeleontina Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1054, t. 1098. ^afjLai\ea)v, the chameleon. P. 2-5 4 cm., flesh colour, rosy blood-red, purplish lilac, then soon changing colour, becoming yellow at the disc, and at length wholly yelloir, soon plane, thinly fleshy, viscid, pellicle separable; margin slightly striate when old. St. 2-6 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, equal, pruinose, slightly striate, fragile. Gills light yellow, then darker yellow, more or less adnexed, thin, crowded, equal. Flesh white, fragile. Spores ochra- ceous, globose, 6-7 jit, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subu- late, 50-60 x 8-10/4 " Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and downs. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1546. R. roseipes (Seer.) Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 40. Rosens, rosy; pes, foot. P. 4-7 cm., rosy flesh colour, rosy orange, or rosy with a tinge of ochre, at first with whitish spots, at length blanched, convex, then plane and depressed, fleshy, viscid, soon dry; margin thin, becoming some- what tuberculosely striate. St. 3-6 cm. x 8-15 mm., white, either en- tirely or here and there sprinkled with rosy meal, equal. Gills whitish, then ochraceous egg-yellow, edge often rosy, free, rounded and furcate behind, equal, or a few dimidiate, rather crowded, sometimes with an adnate tooth, ventricose, connected by veins. Flesh whitish, then becoming yellowish. Spores ochraceous, globose, 8-10/i, echinulate. Cystidia fusiform, 60 x 8/u,. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible Beech, and pine woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. RUSSTJLA 473 ***Flesh not becoming black, taste distinctly acrid. 1547. R. veternosa Fr. Bres. Fung, manger, t. 75. Veternosa, languid. P. 5-8 cm., rose, or flesh colour, soon becoming pale, commonly whitish or yellowish at the disc, convex, then plane and depressed in the middle, slightly fleshy, viscid, pellicle adnate. St. 5-8 cm. x 12 mm., white, often tinged with rose towards the base, fragile, equal. Gills white, then bright yellow, adnate, narrowed behind, broader in front. Flesh white, soft. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 p, echinulate. Cystidia "lanceolate, 45-70 x 9-15/n, shorter on the edge of the gill" Rick. Taste acrid. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1548. R. nauseosa (Pers.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 129. Nauseosa, nauseous. P. 3-5 cm., variable in colour, typically purplish at the disc, then livid, but becoming pale and often whitish, piano-gibbous, then de- pressed, viscid, laxly fleshy; margin submembranaceous, tuberculoso- sulcate. St. 2-3 cm. x 8 mm., white, becoming grey with age, fragile, slightly striate. Gills light yellow, then dingy ochraceous, adnexed, ventricose, somewhat distant. Flesh white. Spores yellow, subglobose, 7-10)Lt, verrucosely echinulate. Cystidia "fusiform, 50-55 x 10/z" Bres. Smell often unpleasant, taste mild, then acrid. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. var.flavida Cke. = Russula lutea (Huds.) Fr. 1549. R. puellaris Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 64. Puellaris, girlish. P. 2-5-6 cm., livid purplish, becoming yellowish, disc brown, conic- ally convex, then flattened or depressed, membranaceous except at the disc, viscid, margin tuberculosely-striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 7- 10 mm., white, becoming yellowish, and stained brownish when touched, attenuated upwards, rugulose. Gills white, then pallid yellow, adnate, attenuated behind, thin, crowded. Flesh white, ochraceous at the base of the stem. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 8-10 x 7-8 /z, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia abundant, conical, 50-65 x 9-11/n. Taste mild, then slightly acrid. Woods, and damp places. Aug. Oct. Common. (v.v.) var. intensior Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1047, t. 1066. Intensior, deeper. Differs from the type in the darker, deep purple p., nearly black at the disc. 1550. R. nitida (Pers.) Fr. (= Russula nitida Fr. var. cuprea Cke.) Krombh. t. 66, figs. 1-3. Nitida, shining. P. 3-6 cm., bay-brown-purplish, disc darker, convex, then plane or slightly depressed, thin, viscid, shining when dry; margin striate, 474 RUSSULA somewhat tubercular. St. 5-7-5 x 1 cm., white, equal, or attenuated downwards, rigid, minutely wrinkled, pruinose. Gills pallid, then bright sulphur-yellow, adnexed, thin, crowded, equal. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous, elliptical or globose, 7-9 x 7 jit, echinulate, 1- guttulate. Cystidia conical, 60-70 x 10-12^. Smell none, or some- what unpleasant. Taste mild, then acrid. Woods. July Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) var. pulchralis (Britz.) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 1044, t. 1095, fig. A, as Russula pulchralis Britz. Pulchralis, beautiful. P. 4^8 cm., ochraceous, centre spotted with red or purple, convex, then flattened and depressed, thin, viscid ; margin thin, deeply striate and often split. St. 5-6 x 1-2 cm., white, fragile, equal, ventricose, or thickened at the base. Gills whitish, then ochraceous yellow, broad, distant, rather thick. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 9 x 8fji, echinulate. Taste mild. Woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1551. R. maculata Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. Fr. (1877), t. 5, fig. 8. Maculata, spotted. P. 5-9 cm., pale reddish flesh colour, then decoloured yellow or ivory white, spotted with purple or brown, convex, then plane, thick, firm, viscid; margin undulate, generally remaining red. St. 3-4 x 1-1-5 cm., white, rarely tinged with rose, at last spotted with red or bistre, firm, polished, reticulately striate. Gills pale sulphur, then yellow apricot or pink, attenuato-adnate, forked. Flesh white, fragile. Spores citron- yellow, subglobose, 10/t, echinulate. Smell pleasant, like apple, or sweet-briar. Taste mild, then acrid. Edible. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1552. R. ochracea (A. & S.) Fr. Richon et Roze, t. 43, figs. 17-20. 0)^/309, pale yellow. P. 6-7 cm., ochraceous, with a tinge of yellow, disc usually becoming darker, convex, then plane or depressed, soft, viscid; margin thin, sulcate. St. 3-4 x 1-1-5 cm., ochraceous, rarely white, equal, or thick- ened at the base, striate. Gills concolorous, slightly adnexed, broad, scarcely crowded. Flesh ochraceous. Spores ochraceous, globose, 9-lOjit, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "cylindrical, 50-60 x 7-8 /it, rounded above" Rick. Taste mild, or slightly acrid. Pine, and mixed woods. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) VIII. Pellicle of the pileus viscid, separable, destitute of cystidia. Margin rounded, generally striate. Flesh fragile. Taste mild, rarely acrid. Gills equal, or subequal, rounded in front, somewhat free. Spores whitish cream to yellow ochre, rarely pure white. 1553. R. alutacea (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1048, t. 1096. Alutacea, like tanned leather. P. 5-18 cm., purple, or blood-red, tinted with olive, green, or bistre, RUSSULA 475 sometimes entirely olivaceous, convex, then plane or depressed, fleshy, rigid, slightly viscid, pellicle separable, soon dry; margin thin, at length tuberculosely striate. St. 5-12 x 2-5 cm., white, generally reddish at the apex or on one side, sometimes yellowish at the base, firm, equal. Gills pallid light yellow, soon becoming ochraceous egg-yellow, at first free, thick, very broad, equal, somewhat distant. Flesh white, firm, becoming soft with age. Spores deep ochre yellow in the mass, yellow under the microscope, subglobose, 10 x Qfj,, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, cylindrical-fusiform, 60-75 x 8-10 ja" Rick. Taste pleasant, nutty. Edible. Woods, especially beech. July Oct. Com- mon, (v.v.) var. purpurata Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 96. Purpurata, clad in purple. Differs from the type in the light purple p. and st. Coniferous woods. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. olivascens (Fr.) Rea. Fr. Icon. t. 172, fig. 2, as Russula olivascens Pers. Olivascens, becoming olive coloured. P. 6-10 cm., olivaceous, becoming yellowish at the disc, convex, then expanded and umbilicate, fleshy, rigid. St. 3-7 x 1-5-2 cm., white, firm, equal. Gills cream colour, then yellowish, slightly adnexed, nar- rowed behind, broader in front, nearly equal, rarely forked. Flesh white. Spores deep ochraceous, globose, 9-10/x, echinulate. Taste mild, then slightly acrid. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1554. R. aurata (With.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1041, t. 1080. Aurata, golden. P. 5-9 cm., varying lemon-yellow, orange or red, disc darker, convex, then plane, or depressed, fleshy, rigid, viscid in wet weather; margin thin, slightly striate when old. St. 5-9 x 1-5 cm., white, tinged with lemon yellow especially towards the base, equal, or attenuated down- wards, firm, obsoletely striate. Gills whitish, inclining to light yellow, vivid lemon-yellow at the edge, rounded, free, equal, connected by veins, sometimes forked behind. Flesh lemon-yeilow under the separable pellicle, yellowish, then white below. Spores ochraceous, globose, 8-9 p, marked with ridges and spines, 1-guttulate. Cystidia on edge of gill abundant, cylindrical-fusiform, 55-70 x 8-12/*, apex obtuse, contents yellowish. Smell pleasant. Taste mild, or very slowly acrid. Edible. Woods. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1555. R. fusca Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 1000, t. 1074, bottom fig., as Russula xerampelina Schaeff. Fusca, dark. P. 6-8 cm., ochraceous brown, speckled, darker at the disc, convex, then infundibuliform, fleshy, viscid. St. 4-6 x 2 cm., milk-white, rigid, at length slightly wrinkled. Gills milk-white, then ochraceous 476 RTJSSULA cream, or yellow wax colour, sinuate, adnate by a tooth, forked, con- nected by veins. Flesh white-cream, firm. Spores white-cream colour in the mass, elliptical, 9/x,. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Coni- ferous woods, and under conifers. Sept. Rare. 1556. R. vesca Fr. (= Russula rosea (Schaeff.) Quel.) Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 63. Vescor, I feed. P. 2-11 cm., red flesh colour, disc darker, fleshy, firm, convex, then piano-depressed, slightly wrinkled with veins, viscid ; margin at length spreading. St. 2-8 x 1-3 cm., shining white, often foxed with age, equal, often attenuated downwards, rugosely striate. Gills whitish, adnate, rather narrow, thin, crowded, connected by veins. Flesh white, foxing when cut or bruised. Spores white, globose, 8 9//,, echinulate. Cystidia flask-shaped, apex elongate, obtuse, 2'5-3/z in diam., 35-60 x 8-10/i. Smell none, or unpleasant like crab. Taste mild. Edible. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. Duportii (Phill.) Massee. Cke. lUus. no. 1003, t. 1042, fig. A, as Russula Duportii Phill. Rev. Canon J. M. Du Port, an enthusiastic mycologist. P. 4-6-5 cm., disc rufous or flesh red, obtuse margin bluish, compact, fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, then depressed, dry. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 10-16 mm., white, minutely striate. Gills white, rounded behind, broad, distant. Flesh turning reddish brown when cut. Spores white, globose, 9ju,, echinulate. Smell of crab. Woods. Sept. 1557. R. Barlae Quel. 1 Quel. As. Fr. (1883), t. 6, fig. 12. J. B. Barla, the eminent mycologist of Nice. P. 6-9 cm., yellow apricot, or bright nankeen yellow, tinged with orange passing into rosy flesh colour, convex, then plane, or infundibuliform, compact, slightly viscid, cuticle separable, often cracked. St. 4-5 x 1-1-5 cm., cream colour, then streaked with bistre, firm, wrinkled striate, silky pruinose. Gills cream colour, then saffron yellow with a tinge of rosy flesh colour, sinuate, free. Flesh white. Spores cream colour, globose, 9/n, verrucose. Smell pleasant, like melilot ("mousse de Corse" Barla). Mountainous woods. Summer. 1558. R. punctata (Gill.) Maire. (= Russula amoena Quel. sec. Maire; Russula punctata Gill. var. leucopus Cke.) Gillot et Lucand, Catal. Champ. Autan, t. 2, fig. 3, as Russula amoena Quel. Punctata, dotted. P. 3-8 cm., rose, purple, purple-violaceous, lilac, often more or less mixed with olive green or yellowish green, sometimes entirely greenish olive, yellowish green, or yellow citron colour, fleshy, convex, then plane, 1 This is recorded as British by M. C. Cooke in Handbook?of British Fungi, Ed. n, p. 335, but his diagnosis is referred by Rene Maire in Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxvn (1910), 172 to Russula xerampelina Fr. RUSSULA 477 sometimes slightly depressed, either viscid, or dry, granularly mealy, often punctate with deeper coloured granules ; margin sometimes some- what sulcate when old. St. 3-5 x -5-1-5 cm., rose, purple, purple- violaceous, often partially or quite white, equal, or obconic, pruinosely mealy, sometimes rugosely stria te. Gills whitish cream, tJien cream colour, adnate, or subadnate, edge sometimes purple, or purplish- violaceous andfloccose, either throughout its length or near the margin of the pileus only, thin, crowded, often forked at the base. Flesh white, sometimes reddish near the cuticle of the pileus. Spores whitish cream in the mass, somewhat hyaline under the microscope, elliptical, 7-5-9 x 7-8/z, verrucose, subreticulate. Gystidia rather rare, fusi- form, or subclavate, sometimes with a short and broad appendage at the apex, 90-130 x 13-15/u. Smell slight, or very pleasant. Taste mild. Edible. Coniferous woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. violeipes (Quel.) Maire. Quel. Ass. Fr. (1897), 450, pro forma R. citrinae. Violeus, violet; pes, foot. Differs from the type in the citron yellow p. sometimes tinted lilac, and the lilac, or white tinged with lilac stem. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1559. R. carnicolor Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 128, as Russula lilacea Quel. var. carnicolor Bres. Caro, flesh; color, colour. P. 3-7 cm., flesh colour, disc fuscous livid, then concolorous, fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed, viscid; margin at length slightly tuberculately striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, base sometimes rosy, equal, subpruinose, somewhat rugulose. Gills shining white, rounded behind, adnexed, forked, somewhat distant. Flesh white. Spores white, subglobose, 6-8/x, echinulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1560. R. mustelina Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 976, 1. 1018. Mustelina, pertaining to a weasel. P. 5-10 cm., bright brown, or dingy yellowish, convex, then plane and depressed, fleshy, firm, dry; margin at first incurved, minutely tomentose, then straight. St. 4-6 x 1-5-2-5 cm., white, equal, some- what rugose. Gills white, then cream colour, rounded behind, adnexed, broad in front, connected by veins. Flesh white, ochraceous at the margin. Spores ochraceous cream in the mass, hyaline under the microscope, subglobose, 7-8/u,, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1561. R. caerulea Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 987, t. 1052. Caerulea, azure-blue. P. 5-8 cm., bright purple, or bluish purple, darker or sometimes brownish at the umbonate disc, convex, then expanded, or somewhat 478 RUSSULA. LACTARIUS depressed, umbonate, polished ; margin thin, at length slightly striate with age. St. 5-11 x 12-5 cm., white, equal, firm. Gills yellowish, adnate, equal, rounded at the apex. Flesh white, brownish, or pur- plish under the cuticle. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 9-lOju, echinu- late. Taste mild. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1562. R. lutea (Huds.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1051, t. 1082. Lutea, golden yellow. P. 2-5 cm., yellow, at length becoming pale, and occasionally wholly white, convex, then plane, or piano-depressed, thin, viscid; margin sometimes obsoletely striate when old. St. 2-4 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, equal, fragile. Gills ochraceous egg-yellow, somewhat free, connected by veins, crowded, equal, thin. Flesh white. Spores ochraceous, globose, 8-9 p., echinulate. Cystidia "clavate, 45-50 x 10-12/z, with a blunt apex" Rick. Smell pleasant, like apricots. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and lawns. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. armeniaca (Cke.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 1045, t. 1064, as Russula armeniaca Cke. Armeniaca, of Armenia, the native country of the apricot. Differs from the type only in the rich apricot colour of the pileus. Woods, and lawns. July Oct. Common, (v.v.) var. vitellina (Pers.) Bataille. Cke. Illus. no. 1052, t. 1102, fig. B, as Russula vitellina (Pers.) Fr. Vitellina, egg-yellow. Differs from the type in the egg-yellow colour, and tuberculately striate margin of the pileus, the distant, saffron yellow gills, and the strong unpleasant smell. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) R. Turci Bres. 1 Latex milk-white, or coloured, rarely like serum. Lactarius Fr. (Lac, milk.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, rarely excentric, fleshy. Gills adnate, or decurrent, somewhat rigid, milky, acute at the edge. Spores white, or yellowish, rarely pinkish in the mass; globose, sub- globose, or elliptical, echinulate, verrucose, punctate, or reticulate; continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, more rarely on wood; solitary, or caespitose. 1 Bres. refers Cke.'s Illus. no. 1199, t. 1147, Russula nauseosa Fr. to this species. There is no other British record of its occurrence. LACTARIUS 479 I. St. central. Gills unchangeable, naked, not changing colour and not pruinose. Milk at the first white, (commonly) acrid. *P. viscid when moist, margin at first involute, tomentose. 1563. L. scrobiculatus (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 922, t. 971. Scrobiculatus, pitted. P. 10-30 cm., yellow, becoming pale, zoned, or zoneless, convex, um- bilicate, at length infundibuliform, very viscid when moist, covered with agglutinated down; margin bearded when young. St. 4r-8 x 2-5-5 cm., light yellow, pitted with darker yellow broad roundish spots, incrassated upwards, somewhat viscid, base pubescent. Gills whitish, or flesh colour, decurrent, crowded, thin. Flesh whitish, becoming yellow when broken. Milk white, soon sulphur-yellow when exposed to the air. Spores light yellow, subglobose, 9 x 7-8 /A, echinulate, 1- guttulate. Taste very acrid. Under birches, and in coniferous woods- Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1564. L. torminosus (Schaeff.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 923, t. 972. Torminosus, griping. P. 4-12 cm., pallid flesh colour, or strawberry colour, sometimes pale ochraceous, or white, convex, then depressed, at length infundibuli- form, viscid when moist, zoned; margin white fibrillosely bearded. St. 6-9 x 1-5-2-5 cm., pale flesh colour, equal or attenuated downwards, sometimes pitted, delicately tomentose, then smooth. Gills paler than the pileus, adnato-decurrent, thin. Flesh pallid. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, subglobose, 8-9 x 7/z, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 50-60 x Sfi" Rick. Mixed woods, and heaths. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1565. L. cilicioides Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 924, t. 973. KtXiKiov, goat's-hair cloth; etSo?, like. P. 5-15 cm., flesh colour inclining to fuscous, convex, then flattened and depressed in the centre, viscid, tomentose, margin white flbrillosely woolly. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5 cm., pale flesh colour, becoming yellowish, equal, pruinato-silky under a lens. Gills white, becoming yellowish, decurrent, crowded, branched. Flesh white, then yellow. Milk white, or light yellow, acrid. Spores elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /A, minutely echinu- late. Cystidia "subulate-lanceolate, 30-40 x 7-9 /A" Rick. Pine woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. intermedius (Krombh.) B. & Br. Krombh. t. 58, figs. 11-13. Intermedius, intermediate. P. 10-14 cm., ochraceous yellow, infundibuliform, viscid, margin tomentose. St. 3-5 x 2 cm., yellowish, becoming tinged with rufous, covered with spot-like depressions. Gills lurid whitish, subdecurrent, broad. Flesh white, then yellowish. Milk white, then yellowish, acrid. 480 LACTARIUS Spores elliptical, 810 x 6 8ju,, minutely echinulate, 1-guttulate. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1566. L. lateritioroseus Karst. Lateritius, brick-red; roseus, rosy. P. 6-9 cm., flesh colour, or 'brick-red with a rosy tinge, becoming pale, convexo-umbilicate, then depressed and somewhat infundibuliform, wavy, often unequal, disc broken up into minute granule-like squamules, scales larger towards the margin and eventually disappearing. St. 6-8 x 1-5 cm., concolorous, or paler, unequal, incrassated at the base, curved, or flexuose, very slightly flocculose. Gills pinkish, becoming yellowish, decurrent, rather distant, often furcate and connected by veins. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, subglobose, 8-9 x 6-8ju, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 1567. L. turpis (Weimn.) Fr. (= Lactarius plumbeus (Bull.) Quel. ; Lactarius necator (Pers.) Schroet.) Cke. Illus. no. 925, t. 987. Turpis, ugly. P. 6-30 cm., olivaceous inclining to umber, sometimes tawny towards the margin, at length entirely inclining to umber, convex, then plane, disc-shaped, or umbilicate, at length depressed, sometimes somewhat zoned, tomentose, viscid; margin at first villose, olivaceous light yellow, at length densely rivuloso-sulcate. St. 4-8 x 1-2-5 cm., pallid, or dark olivaceous, apex ochraceous whitish, equal, or attenuated down- wards, often viscid and pitted. Gills white straw colour, spotted fus- cous when broken or bruised, adnato-decurrent, much crowded, forked. Flesh white. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /A, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "subulate, 60-75 x 6-8 /A" Rick. Edible. Woods, heaths, and roadsides, especially under birches. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1568. L. controversus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 926, t. 1003. Contra, over against; versus, turned. P. 6-30 cm., whitish, becoming reddish with blood-coloured spots and zones especially towards the margin, convex, broadly umbilicate, then somewhat infundibuliform, oblique, viscid in wet weather; margin acute, involute, more or less villose. St. 2-6 x 2-4 cm., white becoming concolorous, attenuated downwards, apex pruinose. Gills pallid-white- flesh-colour, decurrent, thin, very crowded. Flesh pallid, reddish under the cuticle. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, or tinged rosy, subglobose, 8 x 6-7 /i, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste acrid. Woods, and pastures, especially under poplars. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1569. L. pubescens Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 927, t. 974. Pubescens, becoming pubescent. P. 4-6 cm., whitish, passing into flesh colour, rather plane, depressed in the centre, then broadly infundibuliform, shining; margin flbrilloso- LACTARIUS 481 pubescent. St. 2-4 x 1-2 cm., flesh colour, then white, attenuated downwards, often compressed, pruinato-pubescent when young. Gills pallid, slightly flesh-coloured, adnate, or slightly decurrent, crowded, narrower than the flesh of the pileus. Flesh white, pinkish under the cuticle. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, globose, 7-8/z, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste very acrid. Woods, heaths, and pas- tures, especially under birches. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1570. L. aspideus Fr. (= Lactarius uvidus Fr. sec. Quel.) ao-Tri?, a round shield; e'So?, like. Entirely straw-colour, sometimes tinged with lilac. P. 5-10 cm., con- vex, then slightly depressed, viscid; margin incurved, tomentose and white, becoming smooth. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., equal, viscid. Gills adnate. Flesh white, then lilac. Milk white, then lilac, acrid ("sweet" W. G. Sm. and Massee). Spores white, subglobose, 10 x 9/i, verrucose. Taste acrid. Damp meadows, and moist places. Sept. Uncommon. **P. viscid when moist, pelliculose, margin naked. 1571. L. insulsus Fr. (= Lactarius zonarius (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 929, t. 975. Insulsus, insipid. P. 5-15 cm., yellowish-brick-colour, zoned, deeply umbilicate, at length infundibuliform, pellicle somewhat separable, viscid. St. 4 x 2-5, rarely 7-8 x 1-5 cm., white, becoming pallid, often pitted- spotted. Gills whitish, becoming pale and tinged with flesh colour, de- current, very crowded, for ked, often crisped and anastomosing. Flesh pallid, somewhat zoned under the pellicle. Milk white, acrid. Spores yellow, subglobose, 10 x 8p,, echinulate. Cystidia none. Smell pleasant, taste acrid. Mixed woods, and pastures. Aug. Oct. Com- mon, (v.v.) 1572. L. zonarius (Bull.) Fr. (= Lactarius insulsus Fr. sec. Quel.) Zonarius, zoned. P. 510 cm., pallid orange, or pale yellowish to deeper yellow, convex, becoming plane then depressed, somewhat umbilicate, pellicle adnate, viscid, beautifully zoned most frequently towards the margin, at length minutely ruguloso-flocculose at first only at the circum- ference margin thin, long involute, naked. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., equal, or 2-5 x 1 cm. attenuated downwards, white, then yellowish, pale upwards, firm, elastic. Gills whitish, at length dingy yellowish, becoming dingy or even somewhat aeruginous when bruised, rounded- adnate, or adnato-decurrent, arcuate, thin, narrow, somewhat crowded. Flesh white, compact. Milk white, acrid. Spores whitish, globose, 9 x 8/1,, echinulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate" Rick. Smell strong, taste very acrid. Woods, and grassy places. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) B. B. B. 31 482 LACTARIUS 1573. L. utilis (Weinm.) Fr. (= Lactarius pallidus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 930, t. 1084. Utilis, useful. P. 12-20 cm., tan colour, pale dull ochre, or livid, convex, then plane, obtuse, at length infundibuliform, humid, often cracked at maturity. St. 5-8 x 2-5 cm., concolorous or darker, fragile, longitu- dinally striate. Gills pallid, adnate, crowded. Milk white, somewhat acrid. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1574. L. blennius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 931, t. 988. /SXew/05, mucous matter. P. 4-11 cm., pallid olivaceous or aeruginous-grey, piano-depressed, glutinous, often concentrically guttate, or somewhat zoned ; margin at first incurved and slightly downy, then naked. St. 4-5 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid olive, or pallid grey, viscid, equal, or attenuated downwards. Gills white, becoming cinereous when wounded, subdecurrent. Flesh white, becoming grey. Milk white, then grey, acrid. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 6-7 fi, verrucose. Cystidia "sparse, fusiform-subulate, 60-75 x 8-10/a" Rick. Taste slowly acrid. Woods, especially beech. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. viridis (Schrad.) Quel. Viridis, green. Differs from the type in its bright green slightly olivaceous pileus. Beech woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1575. L. lividus Lamb. Lividus, livid. P. pale livid, disc fuscescent, convex, then plane or depressed, not distinctly zoned, viscid (?). St. livid, curved. Gills pale livid, subdecurrent, crowded. Milk white, acrid. Woods. Oct. Rare. 1576. L. fluens Boud. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 12. Fluens, lax. P. 510 cm., blackish olive, either somewhat zoned, or zoneless and unicolorous, but always paler ochraceous towards the margin, convex, scarcely flattened with age, rough, granularly punctate on the epidermis, viscid, not glutinous. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., greyish ochre, becoming brown when bruised, somewhat viscid, unequal, attenuated at the base. Gills ochraceous, then cinereous ochraceous, adnate, or subdecurrent. Flesh white, brown when bruised. Milk plentiful when wounded like Lac- tarius volemus, white, then brownish, at first mild, then acrid and bitter. Spores white, round or oval, 7-8 x 6/u., "10-11 x 7-8/i" Boud., echinulate, netted. Sometimes caespitose. Amongst grass under beeches. Sept. Oct. IJncommon. (v.v.) 1577. L. hysginus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 932, t. 989. vo-ywov, a vegetable dye of scarlet colour. P. 6-10 cm., reddish flesh colour, or reddish brown, umbilicate, be- coming plane, viscid, often zoned and spotted ; margin thin, inflexed. LACTARIUS 483 St. 3-10 x 1-5-2-5 cm., ochraceous cream, or flesh colour, here and there pitted or somewhat spotted with rose, apex constricted, attenuated at the base, pruinose. Gills white, then light yellow-ochraceous, adnato- decurrent, thin, crowded, branched. Flesh white, then yellowish, red- dish under the cuticle of the p. and st. Milk white, slowly acrid. Spores pale ochre, globose, 7/x, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "subulate, 60-75 x 8-9 /z" Kick. Taste very acrid. Woods. Aug. Nov. Un- common, (v.v.) 1578. L. trivialis Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 933, t. 976. Trivialis, common. P. 6-17 cm., at first dark lurid, becoming pale when full grown, pallid yellowish, tan-flesh-colour, convex, then soon depressed, at length in- fundibuliform, viscid; margin involute, at length only the pellicle in- flexed. St. 2-5-15 x 2-5 cm., paler than the pileus, slippery. Gills whitish, becoming pale, subdecurrent, rather broad, somewhat thin, crowded. Flesh white. Milk white, sometimes becoming yellow, acrid. Spores ochraceous, globose, 6 8ju,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "subulate, 60-75 x 9-1 1/z" Rick. Taste acrid. Coniferous woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1579. L. circellatus Fr. Cke. Ulus. no. 934, t. 990. Circellatus, ringed. P. 5-10 cm., rufous inclining to fuscous in wet weather, becoming pale, variegated with darker zones, umbilicato-convex, then becoming plane, depressed in the centre, often repand when older, very viscid in wet weather. St. 4-5 x 1-1-5 cm., pale, equal, or attenuated at the base, tough. Gills whitish then becoming yellow, subdecurrent with a tooth, horizontal, very thin and crowded, narrow, often forked. Flesh white, cheesy. Milk white, acrid. Spores ochraceous, globose, 7-8/z, echinulate. Taste very acrid. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1580. L. uvidus Fr. (= Lactarius aspideus Fr. sec. Quel. ; Lactarius fiavidus Boud. sec. Quel.; Lactarius violascens (Otto) Fr. sec. Bataille.) Cke. Illus. no. 935, t. 991. Uvidus, moist. P. 3-10 cm., hoary whitish, grey flesh-colour-livid, becoming fuscous, somewhat thin, convex, plane, then depressed, viscid; margin at first involute, very soon almost straight. St. 4-9 cm. x 12-18 mm., whitish, becoming light yellow, sometimes with yellow ferruginous spots, equal, viscid, sometimes pitted. Gills shining white to dead white, spotted with lilac when wounded, sometimes yellowish, or ochraceous ferruginous or tinged with pallid brick colour, adnate and subde- current, arcuate, thin, crowded, very unequal, here and there branched and anastomosing by veins. Flesh white, lilac when broken. Milk white, then lilac, acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, broadly elliptical, 10-12 x 8-9 fji, echinulate. Cystidia "subulate, pointed, 50-75 x6- 10 ju. " Rick. Smell nauseous, or aromatic, taste slowly acrid. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 312 484 LACTABIUS 1581. L. flavidus Boud. (= Lactarius uvidus Fr. sec. Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 9. Flavidus, yellowish. P. 5-10 cm., pale citron, or sulphur yellow, becoming stained with violet on injury or rubbing, convex, then expanded and slightly de- pressed at the centre, which often remains umbonate. St. 3-8 x 1-2 cm., white, or yellowish, soon stained with violet on handling or other injury, more or less attenuated at the base. Gills yellowish, bruising violet on injury, adnato-decurrent, narrow, crowded. Flesh white, becoming quickly violet on exposure to the air. Milk white, then violet, acrid. Spores white, ovoid, 9-10 x 8-9 ju,, verrucose, reticulate, 1-guttulate. Taste mild, then acrid. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) ***P. without a pellicle, hence absolutely dry, most frequently unpolished. 1582. L. flexuosus Fr. Flexuosus, full of turns. P. 5-10 cm., lead-grey, or violet-grey, becoming pale, zoned, or zone- less, convex, becoming plane, depressed, somewhat repand, dry, some- what shining, then rivuloso-scaly, OTfloccose; margin incurved, velvety, and whitish. St. 5-9 x 1-5-2-5 cm., pallid grey, apex whitish, base somewhat yellowish, obese, or equally attenuated downwards, often lacunose or pitted, delicately pubescent. Gills light yellowish, at length becoming whitish-flesh-colour, adnate, thick, distant, branched. Flesh white, cheesy, hard. Milk white, very acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 6-7 jn, verrucose. Cystidia "thin, clavate, 50-80 x 7-8/z," Rick. Taste very acrid. Pine, and beech woods. July Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) var. roseozonatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 169, fig. 3. Rosens, rose-colour; zonatus, zoned. Differs from the type in the rose colour, or rosy violet pileus marked with darker zones. Pine woods. Sept. Rare. 1583. L. pyrogatas (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 937, t. 993. Trvp, fire; 70X0, milk. P. 5-10 cm., cinereous-grey, at length becoming dingy yellow, firm, convex, becoming plane, depressed, somewhat zoned, delicately grumose under a lens, moist in wet weather; margin soon spreading. St. 4- 6 cm. x 6-12 mm., pallid white, sometimes dingy, often attenuated downwards, grumoso-tubercular under a lens. Gills light yellow-wax- colour, the colour rich inclining to ochraceous or flesh colour, adnato- decurrent, thin, somewhat distant. Flesh white, greyish near the pileus. Milk white, very acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 7 8/x, echinulate. Cystidia "only on the edge of the gill, 45-70 x 7-8 /t, obtuse" Rick. Taste very acrid. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) LACTARIUS 485 1584. L. squalidus (Krombh.) Fr. Krombh. t. 40, figs. 23-25. Squalidus, dirty. P. 2-5-9 cm., pale greyish olive, or lurid, margin sprinkled with saffron-yellow dots, convexo-plane, umbilicate. St. 5-8 cm. x 5- 10 mm., white, or concolorous, equal, firm. Gills becoming yellow, narrow, adnate. Flesh white. Milk whitish, sweet. Spores white, globose, 6-10ju,,echinulate. Amongst moss in damp woods. Oct. Rare. 1585. L. capsicum Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 26, fig. 1. Capsicum, red pepper. P. 510 cm., chestnut colour, darker at the closely involute margin, compact, pulvinate, dry. St. 3-9 x 2-5 cm., whitish, rufous striate, apex fulvous, subequal, or incrassated upwards. Gills fulvous, some- what orange colour, adnato-decurrent, crowded, anastomosing at the base, 3-4 mm. wide. Flesh yellow, becoming fuscous on exposure to the air. Milk white, very acrid. Spores globose, 6/n, rough. Under birches. Sept. Rare. 1586. L. chrysorheus Fr. (= Lactarius theiogalus (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Ulus. no. 940, t. 984. xpv<ro<;, gold; pew, I flow. P. 5-8 cm., pale yellowish flesh colour, with darker zones or spots, convex, umbilicate, then infundibuliform. St. 5-7-5 x 1-2-5 cm., white, equal, delicately pruinose under a lens. Gills pallid yellowish, decurrent, very thin and crowded. Flesh white, bright sulphur-yellow when broken. Milk white, then bright sulphur-yellow (golden), very acrid. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 x 6//,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "lanceolate, 50-60 x 8-12/x" Rick. Taste acrid. Woods, especially oak. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) L. glaucescens Crossland = Lactarius piperatus (Scop.) Fr. 1587. L. acris (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 941, t. 1005. Acris, sharp. P. 5-9 cm., cinereous fuliginous, sometimes darker, sometimes paler, convex, then plane, at length obliquely infundibuliform, irregular, often excentric, or emarginate on one side, firm, rigid, moist, here and there spotted. St. 4-5 x 1-1-5 cm., pallid, apex white, attenuated downwards, often oblique, ascending, or curved. Gills pallid, then yellow flesh colour, subdecurrent, thin, somewhat crowded, forked. Flesh white becoming reddish on exposure to air. Milk white, soon red- dish, acrid. Spores ochraceous, subglobose, 8-11 /A, echinulate. Smell strong, stinking, taste acrid. Woods. Aug. Nov. Rare. 1588. L. violascens (Otto) Fr. (= Lactarius uvidus Fr. sec. Bataille; Lactarius uvidus Fr. var. violascens (Otto) Quel.; Lactarius luridus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Rick.) Violascens, becoming violet. P. 6-8 cm., grey, or pale brown, with darker zones, convex, then expanded, or more or less depressed at the disc, dry. St. 5-6 cm. x 486 LACTARIUS 12-15 mm., greyish white, equal. Gills white, then lilac, slightly de- current, crowded. Flesh white, thick, firm. Milk white, becoming violet on exposure to the air, mild (becoming acrid?). Spores "white, globose, 8-9 /it, echinulate" Sacc. Cystidia "ventricose-subulate, 50-70 x 8-15/x" Rick. Woods. Oct. Rare. 1589. L. umbrinus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 942, t. 1006. Unibrinus, umber brown. P. 5 7'5 cm., more or less olivaceous umber, paler and yellowish when old, convex, then plane, disc slightly depressed, often wavy and ex- centric, dry,flocculoso-rivulose. St. 2-5-3-5 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, or paler, apex white, attenuated upwards. Gills pallid, dingy yellowish, slightly decurrent, thin, crowded, forked behind, 2 mm. wide. Flesh white, becoming tinged with brown on exposure to the air, firm. Milk white, forming grey spots when it has escaped, acrid. Spores white, globose, Sfj., rough. Cystidia none. Taste acrid. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. L. plumbeus (Bull.) Fr. = Lactarius turpis (Weinm.) Fr. 1590. L. piperatus (Scop.) Fr. (= Lactarius glaucescens Crossland.) Cke. Ulus. no. 944, t. 979. Piperatus, peppery. Entirely white. P. 5-22-5 cm., becoming yellowish with age, umbili- cate, then reflexed and infundibuliform, rigid ; margin involute at first. St. 3-7 x 2-5 cm., equal, or obconical, obsoletely pruinose. Gills be- coming pale ochraceous, decurrent, crowded, narrow, dichotomous, edge obtuse. Flesh white, then yellowish, becoming sometimes greenish grey. Milk white, often becoming greenish when dry, very acrid. Spores white, globose elliptical, 6-9 x 6-8 /n, minutely punctate, with a large central gutta. Cystidia "clavate, or fusiform-filiform, 60-70 x 8-9/1, obtuse, very sparse" Rick. Taste very acrid. Said to be edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Common some years, (v.v.) var. pergamenus (Swartz) Quel. Cke. Illus. no. 943, t. 978. Pergamena, parchment. Differs from the type in the rugose wrinkled pileus, the longer thinner stem, and the adnate, horizontal gills. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1591. L. veUereus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 945, t. 980. Vellus, a fleece. Entirely white. P. 10-30 cm., becoming stained or spotted with yellow, convexo-saucer-shaped, innato-pubescent, compact; margin strongly incurved. St. 5-8 x 2-56 cm., becoming yellowish, equal, hard, finely pubescent. Gills watery white, then pale ochraceous, adnato- decurrent, arcuate, rather thick, somewhat distant, rather broad, branched, edge acute. Flesh white, yellowish on exposure to the air. Milk white, scanty, turning litmus paper red, very acrid. Spores white, LACTABIUS 487 subglobose, 8 x 7-8/i, minutely echinnlate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "cylindrical, with a short point, 70-105 x 6-8 /A" Rick. Taste very peppery. Said to be edible. Woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. velutinus Bertillon. Velutinus, velvety. Differs from the type in the more crowded gills, in the flesh turning reddish tawny on exposure to the air, and in the sweet milk only slowly becoming somewhat acrid, and not turning litmus paper red. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) L. exsuccus (Otto) Fr. = Russula chloroides (Krombh.) Bres. 1592. L. scoticus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 938, t. 1004, fig. B. Scoticus, Scotch. P. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, convex, then depressed, tomentose, then smooth; margin involute, tomentose. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 6mm., some- what flesh colour, somewhat unequal, curved. Gills whitish, very slightly decurrent, thin, scarcely branched, about 2 mm. broad. Flesh whitish. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8/A, apiculate, minutely ecbinulate. Smell pungent, taste very acrid. Amongst moss. Sept. Rare. 1593. L. involutes Soppitt. Cke. Illus. no. 1195, t. 1194. Involutus, incurved. Entirely white, or with a pale ochraceous tinge. P. 2-5-5 cm., convex, then plane, or slightly depressed; margin strongly and persistently involute, minutely silky. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., equal, or slightly thickened at the base, very firm. Gills very slightly decurrent, very crowded, 1 mm. broad, sometimes forked. Milk white, very acrid. Spores white, pip-shaped, 5 x 3/n, smooth. Taste acrid. Woods. Sept. Rare. II. St. central. Gills naked. Milk always deeply coloured. 1594. L. delieiosus (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 947, t. 982. Deliciosus, delicious. P. 5-15 cm., orange-brick-colour, becoming pale and stained with verdigris, concentrically zoned with darker markings, convex, then piano-depressed, or broadly infundibuliform, slightly viscid. St. 2- 8 x 22-5 cm., concolorous, or paler, often stained with verdigris, equal, or attenuated at the base, fragile, often spotted in a pitted manner. Gills saffron yellow, becoming stained with verdigris, subdecurrent, crowded, narrow, arcuate, often branched. Flesh white, then reddish and becoming verdigris. Milk red-brick-saffron, aromatic, mild, then slightly acrid. Spores white, pinkish in the mass, subglobose, 8-9 x 7-8 /A, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, fusiform-subulate, 30-40 x 4-6 /A" Rick. Smell pleasant, taste slightly acrid. Edible. Coniferous woods, and elsewhere under conifers. July Dec. Com- mon, (v.v.) 488 LACTARIUS 1595. L. sanguifluus (Paul.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 50. Sanguis, blood ;fiuus, flowing. P. 3-8 cm., reddish tawny, spotted with darker markings, rarely zoned, becoming stained with verdigris, plane, then depressed, firm, slightly viscid; margin at first involute and white pruinose. St. 3-6 x 1-2-5 cm., rosy flesh, or blood colour, at length concolorous and stained verdigris, at first equal, then dilated at the apex, and attenuated at the base, pruinose, often pitted. Gills pale ochraceous, then con- colorous, and finally stained verdigris, adnate, then decurrent, very crowded, rather narrow, often branched. Flesh white, tinged with blood-red especially near the cuticle of the stem, firm, cheesy. Milk blood-red, slightly acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 8-9 x 8/u,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 45 x 5-8 //," Rick. Smell pleasant, often like Mentha piperita, taste slightly acrid. Edible. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) III. St. central. Gills pallid, then changing colour, afterwards darker, glancing when turned to the light, at length white pruinose. Milk at the first white, mild, or mild becoming acrid. *P. at the first viscid. 1596. L. paffldus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 948, t. 1007. Pallidus, pale. P. 615 cm.., flesh colour, or clay colour to pallid, somewhat tan, um- bilicato-convex, depressed, obtuse, viscid; margin broadly and for a long time involute. St. 56 x 1-5 cm., concolorous, somewhat equal. Gills whitish, then concolorous, pruinose, subdecurrent, rather broad, somewhat thin, crowded, somewhat branched. Flesh pallid. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, globose, 9-10//,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "abundant, subulate-fusiform, 70-75 x 7-9 /u, " Rick. Taste mild, then acrid. Woods. Sept. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 1597. L. quietus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 51. Quietus, calm. P. 3-9 cm., somewhat cinnamon, flesh colour, disc darker, somewhat zoned, convex, then depressed, obtuse ; margin deflexed, at first very slightly viscid, then somewhat silky, opaque, becoming pale. St. 4-9 x 1-1-5 cm., rufescent, at length beautifully rubiginous, spongy, equal, sometimes attenuated at the base which is covered with con- colorous hairs. Gills white, then soon brick-rufescent, adnato-decurrent, somewhat forked at the base. Flesh white, then rufescent. Milk white, sweet. Spores white, globose, 8-10/u,, verrucose. Cystidia "lanceolate- subulate, 50-60 x 6-7 //," Rick. Smell oily, taste pleasant. Woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1598. L. aurantiacus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Aurantiacus, orange. P. 3-6 cm., bright golden orange colour, convex, then plane, or de- LACTARIUS 489 pressed, sometimes umbonate, slightly viscid. St. 6-8 x 1 cm., con- colorous, equal, pruinose. Gills yellowish flesh colour, decurrent, thin, crowded, narrow. Flesh pallid. Milk white, slowly acrid. Spores ochraceous, globose, 8-9 /n, echinulate. Cystidia "abundant, lanceo- late-subulate, 75-90 x 10-1 IJM" Rick. Smell pleasant, taste mild. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1599. L. theiogalus (Fr.) Plowr. (= Lactarius chrysorheus Fr. sec. Quel.; Lactarius hepaticus (Plowr.) Boud.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. i, t. v. Oelov, brimstone; yd\a, milk. P. 2-5-7 cm., liver coloured when moist, drying to rufous tawny and lighter at the margin, convex, then expanded, and finally depressed, umbonate, umbo sometimes wanting, viscid at first; margin crenulate, thin. St. 3-4 x -5-1 cm., slightly pinker than the colour of the pileus, equal, attenuated at the base. Gills pale, then rufescent, adnato-de- current, each terminating at the crenulations of the margin of the pileus, 3-6 mm. broad, thin, rather distant. Flesh of the pileus pallid, then ochraceous, of the stem becoming rufous especially downwards. Milk white, very slowly changing to sulphur yellow, mild, then slightly acrid. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /i, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 45-75 x 6-8 ju," Rick. Fir woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1600. L. cremor Fr. Cremor, thick juice. P. 3-6 cm., tawny orange, convex, then plane and obtuse, sometimes umbonate when young, often unequal and excentric, viscid, minutely punctate; margin striate. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-8 mm., concolorous, equal, fragile, silky upward under a lens. Gills white, then flesh colour, adnate, somewhat distant, fragile, pruinose. Flesh concolorous, or paler, thin. Milk whitish, often watery, somewhat mild. Spores white, globose, 9-10/u, echinulate. Cystidia "subulate, 45-60 x 7-8 p" Rick. Taste mild, or slowly acrid. Beech woods. Sept. Rare. var. pauper Karst. Cke. Illus. no. 951, t. 1008. Pauper, poor. Differs from the type in being entirely yellowish flesh colour, ochra- ceous when dry, the margin of the pileus at length sulcate, and the juice- less, white flesh. Under larches. Sept. Rare. 1601. L. vietus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 952, t. 1009, fig. A. Vietus, shrunken. P. 3-6 cm., flesh colour, or livid grey, becoming pale, subpapillate, becoming plane, then umbilicate, at length somewhat infundibuliform, viscid, opaque, slightly silky when dry; margin somewhat deflexed. St. 5-7 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, attenuated upwards, or some- what equal. Gills whitish, then yellowish, adnato-decurrent, thin, somewhat crowded, somewhat flaccid. Flesh whitish, then grey. Milk 490 LACTABIUS white, then grey, slowly acrid. Spores white, globose, 7-8 ju, echinulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 60-70 x 10-12/i" Rick. Smell somewhat pungent, taste slightly acrid. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 1602. L. cyathula Fr. (= Lactarius cupularis (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 952, t. 1009, fig. B, and no. 953, t. 1085. icvaOo?, a cup. P. 1-6 cm., rufescent brick, or flesh colour, somewhat zoned, when dry becoming pale, livid or flesh colour, hoary tan, rimoso-rivulose, convexo- plane, umbonate, at length piano-depressed, umbo often vanishing, slightly viscid, sometimes striate. St. 5 cm. x 2-10 mm., pale, at length whitish, equal, pruinose. Gills white flesh colour, then yellowish, decurrent, very crowded, thin, linear. Flesh white flesh colour. Milk white, acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 6-10/A, echinulate. Cystidia "very sparse, subulate" Rick. Smell strong of bugs when drying. Woods. Aug. Nov. Rare. **Pileus unpolished, squamulose, villose, or pruinose. 1603. L. rufus (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 954, t. 985. Rufus, red. P. 5-10 cm., bay-brown-rufous, umbonate when young, soon de- pressed with an umbo, and at length infundibuliform, dry, at first flocculoso- silky, but soon polished; margin involute when young, some- what whitish-tomentose. St. 5-8 x 1 cm., rufescent, paler than the pileus, white pubescent at base, obsoletely pruinate. Gills ochraceous, or pallid, then rufescent, adnato-decurrent, crowded, scarcely branched. Flesh pallid, not compact. Milk white, very acrid. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 9-10 x 7-8 /x, verrucose. Cystidia abundant, "lanceolate- fusiform, 60-70 x 7-10/t" Rick. Taste very acrid. Coniferous woods. June Dec. Common, (v.v.} var. exumbonatus Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 52. Exumbonatus, without an umbo. Differs from the type in the absence of an umbo. Coniferous woods. Sept Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1604. L. helvus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 955, t. 994. Helvus, light bay. P. 5-10 cm., pale yellowish-brick-colour, becoming pale, fragile, con- vex, then flattened, somewhat umbonate, the surface wholly broken up into gr anuloso- squamulose flocci. St. 5-8 x 11-5 cm., brick colour in- clining to pale, equal, pruinose, base white, tomentose. Gills whitish, then somewhat flesh colour, at length yellowish, decurrent, thin, crowded. Flesh concolorous but paler. Milk white, mild, then slightly acrid, somewhat watery. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 7-8/u,, echinulate. Cystidia "cylindrical-rounded, 50-70 x 9-12/z" Rick. Smell strong, LACTARIUS 491 resinous, somewhat like Foenugreek, taste mild. Coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1605. L. tomentosus (Otto) Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 956, t. 1010. Tomentosus, woolly. P. 7-9 cm., dingy flesh colour, rufescent, or brownish, umbonate, then depressed, or infundibuliform, finely tomentose. St. 5x1- 1-5 cm., pallid, equal. Gills yellow flesh colour, rather decurrent. Flesh white, then tinged brown. Milk whitish, mild. Spores white, globose, 8-9 n, verrucose. Smell pleasant, taste mild, then slightly acrid. Damp places. Sept. Bare. 1606. L. mammosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 170, fig. 2. Mammosus, having large breasts. P. 3-6 cm., greyish fuscous, convex, acutely umbonate, umbo at length vanishing, then depressed, clothed with appressed down; margin involute, white-pubescent. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., white, inclining to pale, pubescent, firm. Gills whitish, then pallid ferruginous, adnate, crowded. Flesh reddish white. Milk white, mild ? then acrid. Spores white, " sub- globose, 6-7 x 5-6 /z, echinulate. Cystidia subulate, 60 x 8-9 /LI" Rick. Birch, and pine woods. Oct. Rare. var. monstrosus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 957, t. 995. Monstrosus, strange. Differs from the type in its larger size. Woods. Oct. Rare. var. minor Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 58. Minor, smaller. Differs from the type in its smaller size, and the pileus clothed with shorter hairs. Under birches. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 1607. L. glyciosmus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 170, fig. 3. y\VKv<>, sweet; ocr^r}, scent. P. 2-7 cm., grey, brick colour, fuscous, most frequently passing into violet, convex, becoming somewhat plane, acutely papillate, then de- pressed, the papilla vanishing, delicately innato-squamulose, or un- polished, opaque. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., light yellowish, becoming tawny when bruised, sometimes silvery-whitish, especially at the apex, somewhat equal, pubescent. Gills straw colour, then tawny-flesh-colour, or somewhat ochraceous, adnato-decurrent, arcuate becoming plane, thin, often branched, crowded. Flesh white, then slightly tinged with the external colour. Milk white, rarely greenish, mild, then slightly acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 7-9 /j,, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "subulate, 69-70 x 7-9 /A" Rick. Smell very pleasant, aromatic, taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. Nov. Common. (v.v.) 492 LACTABIUS var. flexuosus Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 958, t. 1011, as type. Flexuosus, full of turns. Differs from the type in the silky, umbilicate, flexuose, more or less zoned pileus. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1608. L. lignyotus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 171, fig. 1. \iyvfa, smoke. P. 4-8 cm., fuliginous umber, elastic-fragile, convexo-plane, some- what depressed; margin at first incurved, then depressed, acutely- umbonate, plicately-rugulose, or wrinkled sulcate, pruinosely velvety. St. 7-12 x 1-5-2 cm., concolorous, base paler, becoming whitish, fragile, corticate, constricted and plicate at the apex, pruinosely velvety. Gills snow-white, then whitish ochre, reddish when wounded, rounded behind and adnate, then subdecurrent, thin, rather crowded. Flesh white, then slowly becoming reddish, ochraceous, or ferruginous. Milk watery white, becoming reddish, or saffron colour, sparse, sweet. Spores ochraceous, globose, 9/n, strongly echinulate, 1-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Under fir, and beeches. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1609. L. fuliginosus Fr. (= Laciarius azonites (Bull.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 959, t. 996. Fuliginosus, sooty. P. 3-10 cm., tan whitish, sprinkled with innate, fuliginous pruina, coffee and milk colour, finely velvety, then somewhat rugulose, soapy livid, fawn brick colour, the disc sometimes at last brown, convex, then somewhat repand and depressed; margin at first inflexed, then soon spreading. St. 48 cm. x 610 mm., dead white to shining white, then dingy, tan, somewhat rufescent-brick-colour, fuliginous, somewhat equal, sometimes rugulose. Gills white, at length light yellow ochraceous, rounded adnexed, then decurrent, somewhat thin, somewhat distant, branched, connected by veins, the intermediate ones at length crisped. Flesh and milk white, then rose colour, and at length saffron yellow. Spores ochraceous, globose, 9-10/z, echinulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate " Rick. Taste mild, then slightly acrid. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1610. L.picinusFr. Cke. Illus. no. 960, t. 997. Picinus, pitch-black. P. 4-8 cm., umber, or blackish umber, convex becoming plane, urn- donate, orbicular, at first everywhere villose, somewhat velvety, then becoming smooth. St. 5-8 x 1-1-5 cm., paler than the pileus, equal, pruinose. Gills ochraceous, adnate, thin, very crowded, straight. Flesh pallid, becoming reddish on exposure to the air. Milk white, acrid. Spores ochraceous, globose, 7-10/a, echinulate and ribbed. Taste acrid. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1611. L. retisporus Massee. Rete, a net; a-iropd, seed. P. 5-9 cm., dark smoky-brown, convex, then plane, disc depressed, minutely velvety, radially rugose from disc to margin. St. 3-5 x LACTARIUS 493 1-5 cm., paler than ike pileus, equal. Gills pale ochraceous with darker spots, deeply sinuate and slightly adnexed, subdistant. Flesh dingy yellow, becoming reddish brown when cut. Milk white, then brown, sweet, becoming very thick and tenacious. Spores colourless, globose, with raised bands forming a network. Under beeches. Oct. Rare. 1612. L. lilacinus (Lasch) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 53. Lilacinus, lilac-coloured. P. 3-8 cm., rosy lilac, covered with a concolorous tomentum, often spinulose when young, plane, then depressed, papillate, sometimes very obsoletely zoned. St. 3-8 cm. x 5-12 mm., paler and more ochraceous than the pileus, equal, somewhat rugulose, apex white- mealy. Gills ochraceous, rarely tinted rosy lilac, adnato-decurrent, narrow. Flesh rosy white, acrid. Milk white, acrid, plentiful. Spores white, globose, or oval, 7-10/z, verrucose, reticulated. Cystidia "fusi- form, 60-75 x 7-9 ju," Rick. Taste acrid. Woods, and damp places. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1613. L. spinosulus Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 11. Spinosulus, full of little spines. P. 2-4 cm., brick red, or rosy lilac, convex, acutely umbonate, then depressed, covered with minute erect spines, especially towards the margin, zoned and spotted. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, rugu- lose, granular. Gills yellowish flesh colour, then yellowish, decurrent, narrow. Flesh paler. Milk white, slowly acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 7-8/it, echinulate. Taste slightly acrid. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. violaceus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 961, t. 998, fig. B. Violaceus, violet. Differs from the type in the rosy-violet p., the incurved margin, and the pale st. On the ground. Sept. ***P. polished, smooth. 1614. L. volemus Fr. (= Lactarius lactifluus (Schaeff.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 962, t. 999. Volema pira, a species of large pear. P. 5-12 cm., rufous tawny, golden, becoming pale, compact, rigid, obtuse, paler at the margin, plano-convex, at length depressed and rimoso-rivulose; margin at first incurved. St. 6-10 x 1-5-3 cm., con- colorous, somewhat equal, or attenuated upwards, obese, hard, pruinose. Gills white to yellowish, adnato-decurrent, thin, crowded, becoming dingy when wounded. Flesh white, becoming brownish on exposure to the air. Milk white, sweet, plentiful, rarely becoming yelloiv. Spores very pale ochraceous, globose, 5-6 /A, verrucose. Cystidia "very abun- dant, subulate-fusiform, 60-100 x 8-9 /A, very undulating and thick walled "Rick. Smell and taste very pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 494 LACTABIUS 1615. L. ichoratus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 963, t. 1000. t'%&>/3, serum. P. 5-10 cm., tawny-brick-colour, disc often brown, brick colour and zoned, piano-depressed, often unequal, excentric, occasionally repand, opaque, thin, obtuse. St. 4-7-5 cm. x 6-10 mm., tawny, then rufescent, equal, or fusiform below. Gills white, then ochraceous, adnate, de- current with a tooth, scarcely crowded. Flesh pallid, becoming brownish on exposure to the air. Milk white, sweet. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /x, echinulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 50 x 5-6 /u," Rick. Smell strong, taste pleasant. Woods. Oct. 1616. L. serifluus (DC.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 964, t. 1012. Serum, lymph ; fluus, flowing. P. 2-5-6 cm., brown tawny, plane, then depressed, sometimes slightly umbonate, somewhat flexuose ; margin inflexed. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, or paler, somewhat incurved, base often strigose with tawny hairs. Gills yellowish flesh colour, then reddish, adnate, decurrent with a tooth. Flesh reddish tawny. Milk watery, insipid, scanty. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 6-7 JM, echinulate, 1-guttulate. Cystidia " vesiculose-pyrif orm, then vesiculose-flask- shaped, 30 x 14-20 /u," Rick. Smell unpleasant, like bugs. Woods, and boggy places. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1617. L. mitissimus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 965, t. 1001. Mitissimus, very mild. P. 3-8 cm., golden tawny, convex, papillate, depressed, papilla often vanishing, somewhat slippery when moist. St. 2-5-8 cm. x 8-12 mm., concolorous. Gills a little paler than the pileus, often stained with minute rufous spots, adnato-decurrent, somewhat arcuate, thin, crowded. Flesh pallid. Milk white, plentiful, mild, then somewhat bitterish. Spores pale ochraceous, elliptical, 8-9 x 6-7 /u, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 45-50 x 5-6/x" Rick. Taste slightly acrid. Edible. Woods. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1618. L. subdulcis (Pers.) FT. Sub, somewhat; dulcis, sweet. P. 3-8 cm., rufescent, not becoming pale, papillate, at length de- pressed. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4-10 mm., concolorous, equal, somewhat pruinose. Gills paler, adnate, crowded, fragile. Flesh rufescent. Milk white, somewhat mild. Spores pale ochraceous, globose, 9-10/u, echinu- late. Cystidia "sparse, subulate, 50-60 x 8-10 fj," Rick. Taste some- what bitterish. Edible. Woods. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. concavus Fr. Concavus, hollowed out. Differs from the type in the rufous bay colour of all its parts recalling Lactarius rufus, the inflexed margin of the pileus, the smooth stem, the LACTARIUS 495 very pruinose gills, and the constant mild taste. Damp places in woods. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. sphagneti Fr. Sphagnetum, a Sphagnum swamp. Differs from the type in the obtuse, red bay pileus shining as if varnished, and the crenate, inflexed margin. 1619. L. camphoratus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 967, 1. 1013, fig A. Camphor atus, strong scented. P. 2-5-6 cm., brown-brick-red, convex, then depressed, sometimes somewhat zoned. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-6 mm., concolorous, somewhat un- dulated. Gills yellowish-brick-colour, adnate, crowded. Flesh reddish. Milk white, mild, watery. Spores ochraceous, globose, 8-9 JJL, echinu- late. Smell strong, like Melilot when dried. Taste pleasant. Woods, especially conifers. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. Terrei (B. & Br.) Cke. Michael Terrey. Differs from the type in the corrugated pileus, and the swollen base of the stem clad with orange down. 1620. L. subumbonatus Lindgr. (= Lactarius cimicarius (Batsch) Quel. ; Lactarius rubescens (Bres.) Bataille.) Cke. Illus. no. 968, t. 986, fig. A. Sub, rather; umbonatus, umbonate. P. 2-3 cm., dark cinnamon colour, convex, then depressed, rather umbonate, rugose, punctate. St. 2-5-3 cm. x 3 mm., concolorous, attenuated at the base. Gills rufous flesh colour, adnate. Flesh grey, then yellowish. Milk white, watery, mild. Spores white, subglobose, 5-6/n, rough. Smell foetid when old, taste mild. Woods. Sept. 1621. L. cimicarius (Batsch) Cke. (= Lactarius subumbonatus (Lindgr.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 967, t. 1013, fig. B. Cimex, a bug. P. 2-6 cm., dark bay brown, convex, then depressed, or infundibuli- form; margin often waved and lobed. St. 4-6 cm. x 4-14 mm., paler than the pileus, equal. Gills dingy ochraceous with a red tinge, slightly decurrent. Flesh tinged brownish. Milk white, acrid. Spores white, globose, 9 x 7-8/A, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, like bugs. Taste acrid. Woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1622. L. obnubilus (Lasch) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 55. Obnubilus, overclouded, dark. P. 2-6 cm., brown fuliginous, darker at the disc, paler at the striate margin, convex, at first papillate, then umbilicate, slightly viscid. St. 3-7 cm. x 6-9 mm., paler than the pileus, equal, slightly rugulose, covered with concolorous hairs at the base. Gills yellowish, adnato- decurrent, crowded. Flesh reddish. Milk white, rather acrid. Spores pale ochraceous, subglobose, 7-9 x 7-8/x, verrucose, 1-guttulate. 496 LACTABIUS. BOLBITIUS Taste somewhat bitter. Pine woods, and under alders. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. crenatus Massee. Crenatus, notched. Differs from the type in the coarsely sulcate margin of the pileus. Fir woods. 1623. L. tabidus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 57. Tabidus, wasting away. P. 1-5 cm., pale brick colour, then tan, becoming paler, submembrana- ceous, somewhat plane, acutely papillately umbonate, at length expanded and somewhat depressed, somewhat rugulose; margin pellucidly striate. St. 2i cm. x 4 mm., concolorous, equal, or attenuated upwards, white tomentose at base. Gills concolorous but paler, adnato-decur- rent, flaccid, narrow, somewhat distant. Flesh concolorous. Milk white, sweet, then slightly acrid, scanty. Spores white, globose, or oval, 10-12 x 7-10/A, verrucose, 1-guttulate. Taste pleasant, then slightly acrid. Woods, and under willows and alders. Sept. Uncommon. 1624. L. minimus W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 968, t. 986, fig. B. Minimus, smallest. P. 6-15 mm., pallid clay colour, pulvinate, rounded, or slightly um- bonate; margin incurved. St. 6 x 2mm., concolorous, generally ex- centric. Gills pallid, slightly decurrent, arcuate, distant. Milk white, mild, abundant. Spores white, globose, 3-4/A, echinulate. Woods, and pastures. Oct. Uncommon. IV. St. excentric, or lateral. Growing on trunks. 1625. L. obliquus Fr. Obliquus, slanting. Entirely white, becoming yellowish. P. 5 cm., thin, plane, then de- pressed, oblique, zoned with grey, lobed, silky. St. 2-5 cm. x 4 mm., rather excentric, curved. Gills very slightly decurrent, crowded, narrow. Flesh whitish. Milk white, slightly acrid. Spores white, glo- bose, 6/x, echinulate. Smell pleasant. Caespitose. On trunks of beech, and on banks. Oct. Uncommon. III. Receptacle membranaceous, or fleshy membranaceous, fragile, rapidly putrescent, or shrivelling up. Spores ochraceous, or ferruginous. Bolbitius Fr. (/3o\/SiToi/, dung, especially cow dung.) Pileus membranaceous, regular. Stem central, not confluent with the pileus. Gills free, or slightly adnate, acute at the edge. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, fuscous, or salmon colour; elliptical, elliptic- oblong, or almond-shaped; smooth; with an apical germ-pore. Cys- tidia present, or absent. Growing on dung, and on rich soil. BOLBITIUS 497 B. hydrophilus (Bull.) Fr. = Hypholoma hydrophilum (Bull.) Fr. 1626. B. vitellinus (Pers.) Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 19, fig. 2. Vitellus, the yolk of an egg. P. 2-4 cm., egg yellow, submembranaceous, deeply campanulate, then expanding and convex, viscid, smooth, then furrowed and splitting at the margin. St. 6-11 cm. x 2-4 mm., cream colour, attenuated up- wards from the subbulbous base, covered with white, fugacious, mealy fiocci. Gills ochraceous, then somewhat ferruginous, free, attenuated at both ends, thin, crowded. Flesh yellowish, thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, yellow under the microscope, broadly elliptical, 12-14 x 7-8jU, often truncate at the one end. On horse dung, dung heaps, and amongst grass. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. olivaceus Gillet. Olivaceus, olivaceous. Differs from the type in its olivaceous colour. Horse dung. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1627. B. Boltonii (Pers.) Fr. James Bolton of Halifax, the author of " An History of Fungusses." P. 2-4 cm., yellow, becoming pale, disc darker, fleshy, conical, or convex, then plane and depressed at the disc, viscid, smooth, becoming sulcate and splitting at the membranaceous margin, finally withering and becoming like paper. St. 5-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellowish, equal, attenuated at the base, often twisted, fiocculose with the fugacious cortina, which sometimes forms a ring-like zone. Gills light yellow, then livid fuscous, slightly adnate. Flesh yellowish, especially in the St., very thin. Spores fuscous ferruginous, broadly elliptical, or pip-shaped, 12-13 x 7-8/x. On dung, and manured soil. May Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1628. B. flavidus (Bolt.) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 677, t. 689, as Bol- bitius Boltoni Fr. Flavidus, yellowish. P. 2-5-5 cm., pale yellow, glutinous, conical, then expanded, disc usually slightly elevated; margin striate, and usually splitting. St. 5-6 cm. x 4-6 mm., yellow, slightly thinner upwards. Veil very fugacious, white, leaving no mark on the st. Gills white, then yellow, at length dusky brown, almost or quite free, 4 mm. broad. Flesh yellow in the st. Spores brown, elliptical, 10 x 6/n. The whole plant deli- quescing. Dung-hills, and rotten cloth in woods. June Aug. Un- common, (v.v.) 1629. B. grandiusculus Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1187, t. 1159. Grandiusculus, pretty well grown up. P. 3-5 cm., pale yellow, disc rufous, submembranaceous, campanu- late, then expanded, smooth; margin slightly striate. St. 7-5-10 cm. x 6 mm., white, gradually attenuated upwards, straight, smooth. B. B. B. 32 498 BOLBITIUS Gills pale, then rusty ochraceous, quite free, attenuated behind, 2 mm. broad, linear, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores rusty, elliptic- oblong, 15 x 5-6/Li. Amongst grass. Sept. Rare. 1630. B. fragilis (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 679, t. 720, fig. A. Fragilis, fragile. P. 1-5-2-5 cm., light yellow, then becoming pale, submembranaceous, pellucid, conical, then expanded, subumbonate, smooth, viscid; margin striate, often crenulated. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellow, very fragile, attenuated upwards, naked, smooth. Gills yellow, then pale cinnamon, attenuato-adnexed, almost free, ventricose, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh yellowish, thin at the disc. Spores ferruginous, almond-shaped, 10-11 x 6-7 p.. Cystidia "vesiculose, 30-36 x 12-20/z" Rick. The whole plant rapidly withering. Roadsides, road-scrapings, horse dung, and pastures. April Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1631. B. affinis Massee. Affinis, related. P. 12 cm., yellowish tawny, whitish when dry, campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, glabrous, dry; margin striate. St. 4-7. cm., white, attenuated upwards from a marginate bulb, shining. Gills yellowish tawny, adnexed, narrow. Spores 8 x 6/x,. Rare. 1632. B. titubans (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 680, t. 690. Titubans, tottering. P. 2-4 cm., light yellow at the disc, paler and becoming greyish at the margin, membranaceous, very tender, ovato-campanulate, then flat- tened and split, diaphanous, slightly viscid, striate; margin plicate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal, very fragile, shining, some- times mealy. Gills ochraceous, or purplish, then fuscous flesh colour, or ferruginous, adnexed, or free, 2-3 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, scarcely any except at the disc. Spores deep ochraceous, broadly ellip- tical, 11-15 x 8-9 /n, with a hyaline apical germ-pore. Rich pastures, gardens, and roadsides. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 1633. B. apicalis W. G. Sm. Cke. Illus. no. 679, t. 720, fig. B. Apex, the top of a thing, P. 8-15 cm., brown, disc ochraceous bounded by a darker line, mem- branaceous, conical, 18 mm. high, obsoletely umbonate, striate, then plicate to the apical disc, splitting at the margin. St. 5-6 cm. x 2 mm., white, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, striate, minutely pruinose under a lens. Gills brown, free, at first pressed to the stem, ventricose, 3 mm. broad. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores brown, elliptical, 9 x 6-7 /x. Pastures. June. Rare. 1634. B. rivulosus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 678, t. 928, fig. B. Rivulosus, rivulose. P. 23 cm., tan colour, campanulate, striate, rivulose. St. 7 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, attenuated upwards, smooth. Gills cinnamon, BOLBITIUS. COPRINUS 499 slightly adnexed, narrowed behind, 3 mm. broad, rather distant. Flesh white, rather thick at the disc. Spores ferruginous, elliptic- oblong, 10-12 x 6-7 fj,. Earth in an orchid house. July. Rare. 1635. B. niveus Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 1186, t. 1160, as Bolbitius conocephalus Bull. Niveus, snow white. P. 2-3 cm., pure white, fleshy, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, smooth, slightly viscid ; margin striate. St. 7-9 cm. x 3-4 mm., pure white, gradually attenuated upwards from the clavato-bulbous base, rather tough, shining. Gills pallid, then salmon colour, free, narrowed behind, 2 mm. broad, broadest in front, subdistant. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores salmon colour, elliptical, 18 x 9-10/Lt. Earth in palm house. Rare. 1636. B. tener Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 681, t. 691. Tener, tender. P. 7-15 mm., white, yellowish white, or flesh colour, then whitish, very delicate, conical, elongated, 8-25 mm. high, moist, smooth. St. 47 cm. x 2 mm., white, base bulbous or slightly thickened. Gills salmon colour, nearly free, attenuated behind, narrow, not crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores "salmon colour, elliptical, 15-16 x 8-10/x" Massee. Lawns, and rich pastures. May Sept. Uncommon. (v.v.) Spores black, or blackish fuscous. Gills auto-digested from below upwards. Coprinus (Pers.) Fr. (KOTTpos, dung.) Pileus fleshy, or membranaceous, regular. Stem central, confluent, or distinct from the pileus, with or without a ring or volva. Gills free, adnate, or attached to a collar, very thin, parallel-sided, or subparallel-sided, and auto-digested from below upwards. Spores black, violet black, chocolate, or fuscous ; oval, elliptical, subglobose, angularly subglobose, pip-shaped, almond-shaped, or cordiform, smooth, very rarely echinulate; with an apical germ-pore. Cystidia usually large, rarely absent. Growing on the ground, on dung, and on wood. Solitary, or caespitose. I. Gills covered above with a fleshy or membranaceous cuticle, hence the p. does not open into furrows along the gills but becomes torn and re volute. *Furnished with a ring arising from the volva ; the cuticle torn into scales. 1637. C. comatus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 644, t. 658. Comatus, hairy. P. 4-6 cm., white, becoming pinkish at the margin and finally black, 322 500 COPRINUS fleshy, cylindrical, 5-15 cm. high, then campanulate, the continuous cuticle soon separating into adpressed, shaggy scales, the scales becoming ochraceous at their apices, disc deep ochraceous, remaining persistently entire, at length striate; margin often torn and unequal. St. 12- 25 x 12 cm., white, then dingy or lilac white, attenuated upwards from the bulbous, rooting base, fibrillose, silky, shining. King white, membranaceous, thin, torn, movable, fugacious. Gills white, then pink, at length black and deliquescent, free, separate from the st., linear, 6-10 mm. broad. Flesh white, thick at the disc. Spores black, ellip- tical, often with a lateral apiculus, 11-13 x 6-7 /x. Cystidia vesicu- lose, 50-65 x 20-30/A. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, pastures, road- sides, especially ground made up with night soil. April Dec. Com- mon, (v.v.) var. ovatus (Schaeff.) Quel. Schaeff. Icon. t. 7. Ovatus, egg-shaped. Differs from the type only in its smaller size and the ovate p. var. clavatus (Batt.) Quel. Schaeff. Icon. t. 8. Clavatus, club-shaped. Differs from the type in the elongate elliptical p., the rootless st., the shaggy volva-like ring, and the gills never becoming pink. 1638. C. umbrinus Cke. & Massee. Umbrinus, umber. P. 2-5-4-5 cm., dark umber, fleshy, conico-hemispherical, then almost plane, finally splitting at the margin and revolute, coarsely sulcate up to the disc, universal veil generally remaining as a large white patch at the apex, elsewhere covered with scattered, snow white, fioccose scales. St. 10-15 cm. x 6-8 mm., dark umber, slightly and gradually at- tenuated upwards from the bulbous, slightly rooting base, polished, shining. Volva persistently white, sheathing the base of the st., and free and reflexed about 2 cm. from the base. Gills becoming black, edge persistently white, free, distant from the st., 3 mm. broad, thin, crowded. Flesh umber, exceedingly thin. Spores sooty-black, elliptic- oblong, obliquely apiculate, 17-18 x 9/u. Cystidia absent. Manured ground. Aug. Rare. 1639. C. sterquilinus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 646, t. 660. Sterguilinum, a dung-pit. P. 2-5 cm., white, then silvery grey, disc tinged fuscous, submem- branaceous, ovato-conical, then campanulate, scarcely expanded, obtuse, fragile, deeply sulcate, the furrows forked, silky-villose, disc squarrose with divergent, imbricated scales', margin at length split. St. 8-15 cm. x 6-8 mm., white, attenuated upwards, fragile, fibrillose, base bulbous, becoming blackish when touched. Ring white, membrana- ceous, narrow, near the base and volva-like. Gills white, then pink, and at length purplish umber, free, slightly ventricose, 5-6 mm. broad. Flesh greyish, then whitish, very thin. Spores black, broadly elliptical, COPRINUS 501 14-23 x 9-14/u,. Cystidia "on edge of gill vesiculose, filled with a reddish juice" Rick. Dung-heaps, and gardens. July Sept. Un- common, (v.v.) 1640. C. oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 142. OUectus, delightful. P. 3-5 cm., whitish, then bright flesh colour, at length black, mem- branaceous, cylindrical, then conico-campanulate, covered with white silky scales, sulcate nearly up to the disc. St. 8-12 cm. x 5-6 mm., white, slightly attenuated upwards, soft, silky. Volva brownish on the outside, white on the inside, large, free, spreading, up to 6 mm. broad. Gills becoming blackish, with a tinge of flesh colour, free, linear. Flesh white, thin. Spores black, elliptic-oblong, with an oblique basal point, 16 x 8-9 /z. Newly made dung-hills. Aug. Nov. Rare. (v.v.) 1641. C. squamosus Morg. Journ. Cincinnati Soc. Nat. Hist, vi, t. 8. Squamosus, scaly. P. 2-8 cm., cinereous, covered with reddish brown scales, submem- branaceous, ovoid, 2-3 cm. high, then expanded, at length splitting and revolute. St. 6-15 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, equal, often attenuated at the base, covered with reddish brown scales below the ring, smooth above. Ring distant, narrow, fugacious. Gills white, then reddish brown, and finally black, free, ventricose. Flesh brownish under the cuticle, white elsewhere, thin. Spores black, boat-shaped, 9-10 x 5/i. Caespitose. Base of trunks, elms, and old palings. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) **Somewhat ringed, but not with a volva. P. dotted, or spotted with minute, innate squamules. 1642. C. atramentarius (Bull.) Fr. (= Coprinus 'fuscescens (Schaeff.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 648, t. 662. Atramentarius, inky. P. 5-8 cm., lurid fuliginous, becoming hoary with adpressed, silky lustre, fleshy, ovate, obtuse, wholly longitudinally and deeply sulcate and ribbed, soft to the touch, minutely mealy, repand-unequal at the margin, disc often squamulose, slightly adpressedly silky at the sides. St. 7-20 cm. x 8-18 mm., white, at first ventricose, fusiform, attenuated shortly downwards, and for a greater distance upwards, furrowed, then elongato-attenuated upwards, firm, longitudinally fibrillose, apex smooth, base often with a few tawny squamules. Ring white, basal, very fugacious. Gills whitish, then brown-black, quite free, ventricose, 10-15 mm. broad, edge flocculose. Flesh fuliginous, scissile. Spores black, elliptical, 9-10 x 5ju,, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia cylindric- saccate, 50-120 x 25-37 ju,. Taste mild. Edible. Caespitose rarely solitary. Woods, pastures, and gardens, almost always connected with buried wood. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 502 COPBINUS var. soboliferus (Fr.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 649, t. 848. Soboles, offshoot ;fero, I bear. Differs from the type in the truncate, more squamulose p., and in the stems arising from a common tuberous base. Base of stumps, rotten palings, and in hot-houses. May Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1643. C. fuscescens (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Coprinus atramentarius (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fuscescens, becoming fuscous. P. 5 7 '5 cm., whitish, or greyish, disc becoming fuscous, or rufescent, submembranaceous, globose, then ovate and expanded, at length revolute when deliquescent, at first covered with a somewhat mealy pruina, then smooth, or rimosely squamulose on the disc, obtuse. St. 4-7'5 cm. x 46 mm., white, equal, fragile, slightly silky under a lens, at first obsoletely ringed towards the base. Gills white, then umber, free, very broad, semi-ovate. Flesh fuscous in the p. and base of st., thick at the disc. Spores fuscous black, "elliptical, apiculate, 10 x 6/z" Massee. Caespitose. Elm stumps, rotten wood, wood in cellars. May Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. rimoso-squamosus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 651, t. 664. Rimosus, cracked; squamosus, scaly. Differs from the type only in the p. becoming cracked into angular patches. Hardly worthy of a varietal name. About stumps. Oct. Uncommon. ***Universal veil floccose, at first continuous, then broken up into superficial scales which form patches on the p. 1644. C. picaceus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 652, t. 665. Picaceus, appertaining to a magpie. P. 5-10 cm., fuliginous black, variegated with broad, unequal, super- ficial, separating, white scales, from the breaking up of the universal woven veil, striate. St. 10-25 cm. x 6-12 mm., white, attenuated up- wards from the bulbous base, fragile, smooth. Gills white, then pinkish, at length black, free, ventricose, 8-12 mm. broad. Flesh brownish under the cuticle of the p., pallid elsewhere, thick only at the disc. Spores black, broadly elliptical, with a basal apiculus, 14-18 x 8-12/x; "basidia pyriform, 30-45 x 15-17/n. Cystidia conical-cylindrical, 100-150 x 30-50 ju," Rick. Said to be poisonous. Smell none, or foetid. Frondose woods, especially beech, and roadsides. Sept. Dec. Rather uncommon, (v.v.) 1645. C. aphthosus Fr. a<f)0at, the thrush. P. 23 cm., livid, submembranaceous, ovate, 2-5 cm. high, then cam- panulate, expanded, deliquescing slowly, covered with the universal veil, soon separating into floccose, white, fugacious scales. St. 5 cm. x 4 mm., COPRINUS 503 white, soft, somewhat fragile, equal, often twisted, fibrillose. Gills white, then blackish, adnate, linear. Spores "black, lemon-shaped, 8-5-10 x 5-5-6-5/z. Cystidia vesiculose, cylindric-oval, 50-75 x 20- 27jit"Lange. Subcaespitose. Hollow trees, especially willow. Sept. Oct. Bare. var. Boltonii Massee. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 26. James Bolton. Differs from the type in the repand, olivaceous p. Decaying pieces of moist wood in cellars, cold kitchens, etc. Common. 1646. C. flocculosus (DC.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 654, t. 667. Flocculosus, flocculose. P. 4-10 cm., dingy white, membranaceous, ovate, then expanded and splitting in the direction of the gills, striate, covered over with floccose scales. St. 6-10 x 1 cm., white, attenuated upwards from the swollen base, finely silky under a lens. Gills violaceous, then fuscous Hack, free, ventricose. Spores fuscous black, elliptical, 10 x 7-8ju,. Cystidia cylindrical, 30x12 /LI. Solitary, rarely caespitose. Pastures, and gardens. June Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 1647. C. similis B. & Br. Similis, like. P. 2-5-4 cm., pallid, disc darker, hygrophanous, ovato-campanulate, lineato-striate, clothed with acute separating warts which, are fuscous at the apex. St. 6-7 cm. x 4-5 mm., white, broader at the base. Gills brownish near the margin, adnate, attenuated behind, somewhat linear. Spores "brown, elliptic-oval with a germ-pore, 8-9 x 5-6 /x. Cystidia vesiculose, 30-36 x 15-25^" Rick. Trunks of dead trees. Sept. Rare. ****P. at first clothed with distinct flocci, or lax villous down, which fall off and disappear. Ring none. 1648. C. exstinctorius (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 437, fig. 1. Exstinctorius, like an extinguisher. P. 27-5 cm., pale, disc darker, sublivid, submembranaceous, clavate, then campanulate, at length rimosely split, expanded, scarcely revolute, firm, floccoso- scaly with the universal veil, becoming bare from the margin upwards; margin striate. St. 8-12 cm. x 5-6 mm., white, attenuated upwards from the rooting base, smooth, base cottony. Gills white, then fuscous blackish, reaching the st., narrow, lanceolate. Spores fuscous purple, almond-shaped, 8-11 x 6-7 /u,, "mitriform" Rick. Generally solitary. On the ground, at the base of ash trees, or in woods. May Sept. Rare. 1649. C. macrorhizus (Pers.) Rea. Cke. Illus. no. 657, t. 670, as Coprinus fimetarius Fr. var. macrorhizus Pers. /ia/c/ao?, long; pl%a, root. P. 2-5 cm., cinereous, or livid, then tinged fuscous, submembrana- 504 COPRINUS ceous, oval, then campanulate, 1-5-5 cm. high, at length revolute, ribbed and furrowed from the apex to the margin, at first floccosely mealy with the fugacious veil, becoming naked from the apex downwards; margin thin, deliquescing. St. 2-6 cm. x 4-15 mm., white, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, continued into a long, thin, tapering root from the base, 1-5-10 cm. long, somewhat silky. Gills white, then black, edge white, free, ventricose. Flesh greyish, becoming white, very thin. Spores black, almond-shaped, 11-15 x 8-9 /A. Cystidia vesiculose. Smell often strong. Solitary, or caespitose. On decaying vegetable matter, more rarely where dung-heaps have been. Woods, and home- steads. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1650. C. cinereus (Schaeff.) Cke. Cke. lUus. no. 658, t. 671. Cinereus, ash colour. P. 1-4 cm., ashy grey, disc often fuscous, membranaceous, cylindrical, 1-5-4 cm. high, then campanulate, and at length revolute, densely covered with white, fugacious flocci, then naked and striate. St. 4- 11 cm. x 3-6 mm., white, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards from the thickened base, densely covered with white, fugacious, downward pointing flocci. Gills white, then black, free, lanceolate. Flesh of p. fuscous, white in the st., very thin at the margin. Spores black, pip- shaped, 9-11 x 6-7 /z. Cystidia vesiculose, 60-70 x 30-40/z. Woods, heaths, pastures, and manure beds. Feb. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1651. C. echinosporus Buller. e% 41/05, hedgehog; (nropd, seed. P. 3 cm. broad, 18 mm. high, white, then grey, and finally dirty yellowish brown, oval, then conico-campanulate, becoming flattened, and finally revolute and radially splitting along the lines of the longest gills, at first clothed with short, dense down, then breaking up into small, delicate, thin, fugacious tufts or scales; hairs some- times branched, consisting of slender cells, 80-150 x 5-10/Li. St. 9 cm. x 3 mm. at base, white, slightly attenuated upwards, straight, or flexuose, firm, adpressedly hairy. Gills blackish at maturity, ad- nexed, very thin, very slightly wedge-shaped, auto-digesting on the edge. Flesh brownish yellow, brownish at the apex of the p., becoming finally dirty ochraceous. Spores black in the mass, very dark and opaque under the microscope, finely warted, or echinulate, oval, more or less pip-shaped, apex truncate, 9-11 x 5-7 /A, with an apical germ- pore through which a transparent membrane often protrudes', basidia of three lengths, surrounded by 3-4 paraphyses. Cystidia abundant, conical, rounded at both ends, generally parallel-sided, rarely globose, 70-95 x 23-30/x, varying up to 105/z in length and 45-57 /A in diam. Sticks dredged from a pool. Oct. Rare. C. fimetarius (Linn.) Fr. = Coprinus macrorhizus (Pers.) Rea, and Coprinus cinereus (Schaeff.) Cke. COPRINUS 505 1652. C. tomentosus (Bull.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 156. Tomentosus, downy. P. 1-5-4 cm., grey white, submembranaceous, cylindrical, 3-4 cm. high, then conical, or narrowly pyramidal, not expanded, striate, at length longitudinally cracked, entirely covered with a greyish felty veil, which becomes torn into scales during expansion. St. 57-5 cm. x 4 6 mm., greyish, subequal, velvety, base thickened, rooting. Gills whitish, then fuscous blackish, free, linear, edge at first white-micaceous. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores "reddish brown, trans- parent, 25 x 7-8/*. Cystidia vesiculose-bottle-shaped, 30-40 x 20- 30 fj," Eick. On dung. Rich pastures, roadsides, and woods. Sept. Uncommon. 1653. C. niveus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 659, t. 672, fig. B. Niveus, snow white. Entirely snow white. P. 1-5-5 cm., submembranaceous, ovate, soon campanulato-expanded, at length revolute, split and torn, mealy floccose, often squamulose. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., attenuated upwards, very fragile, densely covered with fugacious, upward pointing flocci, becoming smooth. Gills white, then flesh colour, and finally blackish, adnexed, narrow. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores black, broadly elliptical, 15 x 10-12/*,, often apiculate at one end. Cystidia vesiculose. On dung, especially horse. Woods, and pastures. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. astroideus Fr. aa-r^p, star; elSos, shape. Differs from the type in the squamose, grey p. becoming inverted and smooth, and in the elongate, thin, smooth st., stellate at the base. Woody places. 1654. C. roseotinctus Rea. Roseus, rose; tinctus, coloured. P. 58 mm.., fuscous, densely powdered with rose coloured meal, mem- branaceous, cylindrical, 7-11 mm. high, then campanulate, at length revolute, umbonate, silky, striate, becoming sulcate along the back of the gills; margin torn. St. 2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, at first densely powdered with deep rose coloured meal, then only sparingly powdered near the apex at maturity, equal, becoming elongate and flexuose; base bulbous, white floccose. Gills white, then black, adnexed, 1- 1-5 mm. broad, deliquescent. Flesh greyish, thin. Spores black, pip- shaped, slightly apiculate, 9-11 x 5-6 p. Ash plantations, and under trees. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1655. C. cothurnatus Godey. Gillet, Champ. Fr. Hym. t. 175. icoQopvos, a high hunting boot. P. 2-3 cm., membranaceous, dingy white, reddish, flesh coloured (or yellowish sec. Massee), conico-campanulate, then expanded, umbonate, 506 COPRINUS and irregularly split, densely furfuraceous. St. 3-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, attenuated upwards, squamulose, base sheathed with white, fibrillose squamules. Gills white, then flesh coloured, at length blackish, free, sublanceolate, crowded. Flesh very thin. Spores black, ellip- tical. Cow dung. Pastures. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. *****P. covered with small micaceous scales, or granules which fall off and disappear. Ring none. 1656. C. micaceus (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 660, t. 673. Micaceus, glittering. P. 36 cm., yellow ferruginous, yellowish livid, disc darker, at length date-brown-fuscous, ferruginous ochraceous when dry, submembrana- ceous, oval, then campanulate, undulato-lobed, rimosely split, striate, at first covered with glistening micaceous particles, soon naked and be- coming sulcate, disc even ; margin plicate and irregular. St. 5-20 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, or whitish, equal, silky, often curved, fibrillose, be- coming smooth. Gills white, or isabelline, then brown, or livid at the edge, and finally fuscous blackish, adnexed, lanceolate. Flesh pallid, thin at the disc. Spores fuscous black, pip-shaped, or elliptical with a long apiculus, 9-10 x 5)n. Cystidia cylindric-oblong, apex rounded, 85-140 x 48-75/z. Edible. Densely caespitose. Stumps, old posts, and buried wood. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. Jan. Dec. Common, (o.v.) 1657. C. truncorum (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 6. Truncorum, of tree trunks. P. 24 cm., globose, then campanulate, ferruginous ochraceous, densely covered with micaceous meal, soon naked, striate, not becoming sulcate. St. 710 x 3-4 mm., white, very fragile, somewhat striate, smooth. Gills white, then rosy, at length black, free. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 12-14 x6/z. Caespitose. Rotten willow trunks. Uncommon. 1658. C. frustulosum Sacc. Sacc. Myc. Ven. Spec. t. 6, figs. 10-14, from Atti della Soc. Ven.-Trent. n. Frustulosum, consisting of small fragments. P. 3-6 cm., covered up to the yellow umbo with rosy red micaceous meal, ovate, 1 cm. high, then campanulate, umbonate, even. St. 1-5- 12-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., white, glistening, very brittle, conical, then cylindrical, smooth, apex mealy. Gills reddish white, then black, free. Spores 8 x 6/x. Caespitose. Amongst long grass near a post, and under Rhododendra. Sept. Rare. 1659. C. aratus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 661, t. 674. apba>, I plough. P. 5-7-5 cm., umber, submembranaceous, campanulate, then ex- panded, deeply sulcate up to the darker, usually wrinkled disc, sprinkled with large micaceous particles, revolute in decay. St. 10-15 cm. x 46 mm., snow white, attenuated upwards from the slightly bulbous COPRINUS 507 base, silky. Gills deep rich brown, then black, attached, then seceding and becoming free, narrow, attenuated at both ends. Flesh brownish, thin. Spores 15 x IQ-llju. Solitary, or clustered. Hollow trees, rich ground, and manure heaps. May Aug. Uncommon. 1660. C. radians (Desm.) Fr. Radians, radiant. P. 2-3 cm., yellow tawny, becoming pale, membranaceous, ovate, then campanulate and expanded, micaceous, disc granular, silicate; margin striate. St. 2-4: cm. x 48 mm., white, slightly attenuated upwards from the swollen base, and arising from a dense mass of tawny mycelium, the Ozonium of old authors. Gills white, then violaceous black, adnate, linear, 3-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, tawny under the cuticle of the p. and in the St., thin at the margin. Spores black, elliptic fusiform, 9-10 x 4 5fj,, 1-2-guttulate, with a hyaline germ- pore at each end. Caespitose. On stumps, especially elm, old stacked logs, and plaster walls. April Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1661. C. papillatus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 663, t. 676, fig. B. Papillatus, having a nipple. P. 4-15 mm., fuscous, disc darker, membranaceous, ovate, then campanulate, at length flattened and revolute, torn, striate, scurfy, beset with minute warts, which are more crowded on the disc. St. 2- 3 cm. x 2 mm., hyaline-pellucid, equal, smooth except at the base. Gills blackish, then black, tree, few. Spores "brownish black, angu- larly oval, 7-8 x 6-7 /i. Cystidia vesiculose" Rick. On the ground, and on dung. Pastures, and gardens. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. oxygenus Fr. ou5, sharp; 761/09, race. Differs from the type in the whitish p., inclining to grey, slightly fiocculose as well as the st. 1662. C. Patoufflardii Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8. N. Patouillard, the eminent French mycologist. P. 5-20 mm., ashy -grey, disc yellowish, rough with minute reddish granules, membranaceous, conico-campanulate, then expanded, pli- cato-sulcate up to the disc at maturity. St. 1-4 cm. x 2 mm., white, fragile, slightly attenuated upwards, smooth. Gills cream colour, then black, free, attached to a collar, 2 mm. broad, distant. Flesh white, reddish at the disc and base of the st., very thin. Spores black, with a hyaline apiculus, angularly globose, 6-7 /A. Spent tea leaves. July. Uncommon, (v.v.) ******P. smooth, without floccose, or micaceous squamules. Veil none. 1663. C. alternatus (Schum.) Fr. Alternatus, alternate. P. 3-4 cm., chalky-pallid, disc pale umber, fleshy, hemispherical, discoid, smooth, striped with alternately broad and narrow striae. St. 508 COPRINUS 7-10 x 4-6 mm., whitish, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, smooth. Gills cinereous, then black, adnate, linear. Flesh thin. Spores "black, broadly pip-shaped, 10 x 6-7 /u." Massee. Subcaespi- tose. On the ground. Rare. 1664. C. erythrocephalus (Lev.) Fr. (= Coprinus oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Lev. Ann. sc. nat. (1841), t. 14, fig. 3. epvdpos, red; Ke<f>a\ri, head. P. 1 cm., reddish vermilion, at length grey, membranaceous, conico- campanulate, 1 cm. high, smooth, striate. St. 2-3 cm., paler than the p., naked. Gills fuscous, then black, slightly adnexed, crowded. Gregarious. On limed soil. Spring. Rare. 1665. C. deliquescens (Bull.) Fr. Deliquescens, melting away. P. 5-10 cm., livid fuliginous, membranaceous, ovato-campanulate, then expanded, smooth, disc papillate with minute points, never split, but revolute and striate, the striae broad but not deep. St. 7-10 cm. x 4-8 mm., shining white, equally attenuated upwards, corticate, smooth. Gills clay colour, then lurid blackish, free, at length remote from the st., flexuose, very narrow, only 1 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh thin. Spores black, "elliptical, 8 x 5/t, obliquely apiculate" Massee. Sub- caespitose. On trunks, stumps, and heaps of leaves. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1666. C. digitalis (Batsch) Fr. Digitalis, belonging to the finger. P. 2-3 cm., whitish, or straw coloured, disc often darker, becoming oli- vaceous livid or yellowish cinereous, submembranaceous, fragile, ovate, then campanulate, 2-3 cm. high, quite smooth and naked, moist, striate, except at the even disc. St. 2-5-12-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., shining white, equal, somewhat fiexuose, smooth, corticate, fragile, base villose. Gills whitish brown, then black, somewhat free, reaching the st., ventricose; edge white, micaceous. Spores "brown, elliptical, 8-9 x 5/n" Rick. Caespitose. Damp places in woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Un- common. 1667. C. congregates (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 667, t. 679. Congregatus, collected into a flock. P. 1-2 cm., pale ochraceous, membranaceous, cylindrical, then cam- panulate, 1-5-2 cm. high, viscid, smooth; margin striate, split when expanded. St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., white, equal, smooth. Gills white, then black, reaching the st., linear. Flesh white, yellowish at the disc, very thin. Densely caespitose. Woods, roadsides, and gardens. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1668. C. tardus Karst. Cke. Illus. no. 666, t. 719. Tardus, late. P. 2-5-5 cm., bright brown, becoming pale ochraceous tan, fleshy, fragile, ovate, then campanulate, 2-5-5 cm. high, sulcate, or deeply COPRINUS 509 striate, smooth, rather dry. St. 10-15 cm. x 4 mm., whitish, equal, somewhat flexuose, slightly downy, apex minutely striate. Gills whitish, then tinged with brown, at length black. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores blackish brown, elliptical, or sometimes subangular, 12-15 x 7-9/A. Cystidia "vesiculose, very large, conically flask- shaped, up to 24/A broad" Lange. Caespitose. Naked soil. Oct. Rare. C. hydrophorus (Bull.) Quel. = Psathyrella hydrophora (Bull.) Fr. II. P. very thin, without a pellicle, at length opening into furrows along the back of the gills, and becoming plicato-sulcate. St. thin, fistulose. Gills melting away into very thin lines. *St. annulate, or volvate. 1669. C. dilectus Fr. (= Coprinus oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 140, fig. 2. Dilectus, beloved. P. 12*5 cm., whitish, then rosy, at length reddish, submembrana- ceous, campanulate, obtuse, floccosely mealy, at length split, revolute, and naked. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 24 mm., whitish, attenuated downwards, sprinkled with red fibrils. Volva reduced to whitish, spreading, fuga- cious squamules at the base. Gills white, then reddish fuscous, at length black, free, somewhat lanceolate, crowded. Flesh white, reddish at the disc, very thin at the margin. Spores black, elliptical, 10 x 6/u.. Cys- tidia "ovate, vesiculose, average breadth 23/i" Lange. On the ground. Burnt ground in beech woods, and bare soil. Nov. Rare. (v.v.) 1670. C. ephemeroides (BuU.) Fr. BuU. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 582, fig. 1. e<?7/u,e/309, lasting but a day; elSo?, like. P. 4-6 mm., whitish, or livid, membranaceous, pellucid, cylindrical, 520 mm. high, then campanulate, sprinkled with superficial flocci, plicato-sulcate, at length split and revolute. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, smooth, base bulbous and hairy. Ring white, very tender, mov- able, narrow. Gills white, then black, free, distant from the st., very tender. Spores black, subglobose, often somewhat angular, 7x5- 6/n. "Cystidia globose, 23-30^" Lange. On horse and cow dung. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1671. C. bulbfflosus Pat. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 7. Bulbillosus, with a little bulb. P. 5-10 cm., grey, disc yellow, convex, then expanded, at first covered with white meal; margin striate, incurved. St. 10-20 x 1 mm., white, smooth, base bulbous. Ring white, movable, median. Gills grey, then black, narrow, 1 mm. broad. Flesh white, yellowish at the disc, very thin. Spores black, subglobose, angular, 8-9 x 8/x. Horse dung. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 510 COPRINUS 1672. C. Hendersonii Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 668, t. 680, fig. A. J. L. Henderson. P. 2-12 mm., cinereous, disc brownish, membranaceous, cylindrical, then ovali-campanulate, at length plane, minutely granular under a lens, striate half way up; margin folded. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, attenuated upwards, nearly or quite smooth. Eing white, cup- shaped, more or less distant, permanent, fixed. Gills white, then black, free, narrow, rather distant, edge white. Flesh white, very thin. Spores black, "spherical, apiculate, 8-9 /A" Quel. Hotbeds, and horse dung. Feb. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1673. C. Bresadolae Schulz. L'Abbe J. Bresadola, the eminent mycologist of Trieste. P. 8 mm., greyish white, disc tinged brown, membranaceous, sub- cylindrical, 17 mm. high, at first covered with a very thin universal veil, which does not break up into squamules, but splits from apex to base, and becomes obliterated. St. 12 cm. x 4 mm., white, tapering upwards, smooth. Ring loose, deciduous. Gills black, edge white. Spores black, cylindrical, ends rounded, 12-17 x 6/z. Gregarious. Worked wood, and on the ground amongst rotten branches. Sept. Rare. 1674. C. volvaceo-minimus Crossland. Volvaceus, having a volva ; minimus, least. P. 4-6 mm., grey, inclining to cinereous, disc darker, membrana- ceous, ovate, then campanulate, sprinkled with white squamules, striate; margin at length split and reflexed. St. 2-2-5 cm. x 1 mm., white, hyaline, apex slightly swollen, smooth; bulbous base furnished with a distinct, sheathing, persistent ring, or collar, half the width of the p., and finally reflexed. Gills becoming blackish purple, almost free, narrow, attenuated at each end. Spores blackish purple, subglobose, 6-7 /z, minutely apiculate. Manure heaps. Rare. **P. clothed with superficial, separating floccules. Gills free. Ringless. 1675. C. lagopus Fr. Saund. & Sm. Myc. 111. t. 19. \ayo)<;, a hare; TTOVS, foot. P. 2-5 cm., whitish, or greyish, disc livid, very tender, pellucid, cylindrical, then campanulate, covered with white, fugacious fibrils, then naked, flattened and split, radiato-sulcate. St. 5-12-5 cm. x 2-6 mm., white, attenuated upwards rarely at the base, very fragile, everywhere white woolly. Gills white, then black, free, at length remote, linear. Flesh white, very thin. Spores black, elliptical, 10-12 x 6- 7 fj,. Cystidia "large, vesiculose, ovate, or oblong, about 12-25 /u, broad" Lange. Rich soil, rotten wood, sawdust, and on dung. Woods, and pastures. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) COPRINTJS 511 1676. C. lagopides Karst. Lagopus, the species G. lagopus, elSos, like. P. 4-7 cm., whitish, disc cinereous, membranaceous, campanulate, sulcate, then splitting, disc naked, clothed elsewhere with free, white, pointed, feathery squamules; margin subrevolute. St. 17cm. x 3- 5 mm., slightly attenuated above, hollow, densely fioccose. Gills black, free, crowded, linear. Spores black, ovoid, 6-8x5-6/u,, basidia 4-spored. On the ground. Dec. Rare. 1677. C. narcoticus (Batsch) FT. Cke. Illus. no. 668, t. 680, fig. B. vapKioTiKos, making numb. P. 2-3 cm., white, or greyish, very tender, pellucid, conico-cylin- drical, villose with white fioccose, fugacious, recurved scales, then flat- tened, naked, striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., white, pellucid, equal, or attenuated upwards, villosely fibrillose, becoming smooth. Gills white, then blackish, free, reaching the st., narrow. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores blackish brown, elliptical, 11 x 5/n, "with a hyaline epispore. Cystidia subglobose, 20-40 /u," Lange. Smell very strong, foetid, narcotic-alkaline. Manure heaps. Oct. 1678. C. macrocephalus Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 670, t. 682, fig. A. /i,a/c/909, long; K(f>a\rj, head. P. 12-15 mm., ashy grey, or slate colour, disc brown, submembra- naceous, cylindrical, 18 mm- high, then cylindrico-campanulate, sprinkled with adpressed, or patent, pointed scales; margin slightly striate. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4 mm., dirty white, attenuated upwards, clothed with short cottony down, and with longer, sometimes defiexed, loose fibres, base strigose. Gills at length black, quite free, linear, 1- 2 mm. broad. Flesh whitish, thin at the margin. Spores black, "broadly elliptical, or obliquely pip-shaped, 11-15 x 7-9 /x" Massee. Subcaespitose. Putrid dung. March Sept. Rare. 1679. C. nycthemerus Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 542, fig. D, as Agaricus ephemerus. vv%0ijfj,epov, a day and night. P. 8-15 mm., grey, disc fuscous, or tawny, very tender, cylindrico- conical, 12-15 mm. high, soon opening into furrows and flattened, furfuraceo-fiocculose, at length naked and forked-striate. St. 4 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish cream colour, becoming pale white, equal, flaccid, smooth, base slightly bulbous. Gills ochraceous cream colour, then brownish black, free, at length remote, narrow, linear. Spores "brownish black, pruniform ovoid, 10/x," Quel. Subcaespitose. On dung. Pas- tures, and gardens. July Oct. Uncommon. 1680. C. cordisporus Gibbs. Lange, Dansk. Bot. Ark. bind 2, no. 3, t. 1, fig. g. Cor, the heart; (nropd, seed. P. 3-9 mm., whitish, or pallid ochraceous, disc sprinkled with tawny, furfuraceous papillae, membranaceous, cylindric-ovate, 3-8 mm. high, 512 COPBINUS then expanded, at length upturned, plicato-sulcate, splitting along the backs of the gills; margin crenate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish-hyaline, glabrous, equal, base slightly thickened and densely strigose-squamulose. Gills pale, then blackish, free, ending close to the st., rather narrow, 25-30 in number in the larger pilei; intermediate shorter ones few or none. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores dark brown-purple, laterally compressed, front view obtusely cordate, 9-10/u, diameter, side view elliptical, 9-11 x 5-6/n. Cystidia cylindric- fusiform, 50 x lOp,. On cow, horse, sheep, and rabbit dung. April Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1681. C. radiatus (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 671, t. 683, fig. A. Radiatus, beaming. P. 2-6 mm,, dingy yellowish, or greyish, disc darker, often rufescent, very tender, membranaceous, clavate, then campanulate, soon opening into furrows, flattened, radiato-plicate, pellucid, covered with cinereous down, soon naked. St. 5-25 x 1 mm., hyaline, equal, often pruinose when young, becoming smooth, base silky and villose. Gills whitish, then pallid blackish, free, few, distant. Flesh white, very thin. Spores black, elliptical, 7-8 x 4-5/4. In troops. Cow, and horse dung. Woods, and pastures. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1682. C. Spraguei Berk. & Curt. Cke. Illus. no. 671, t. 683, fig. B. Charles J. Sprague. P. 1-2 cm., greyish, disc tawny, very tender, membranaceous, conical, then campanulate, at length expanded and revolute, tomen- tose, plicate; margin coarsely striate. St. 3 4 cm. x 1-2 mm., pale cinnamon, equal, smooth. Gills white, then blackish, free, few, dis- tant, narrow. Flesh whitish, tawny at the disc, very thin. Spores black, "elliptical, slightly curved, 10 x 5/z" Massee. Gardens. July. Rare. 1683. C. urticaecola (B. & Br.) Buller. Cke. Illus. no. 622, t. 596, fig. B, as Psathyra urticaecola B. & Br. Urtica, nettle; colo, I inhabit. P. 46 mm., chalky white, spherical, then hemispherical, becoming revolute and radially split, beset with numerous, small, white scales, composed of matted hyphae. St. 1-5-2 cm. x 2 mm., white, at- tenuated upwards, smooth, hollow, base floccose. Gills white, then chocolate, ventricose, 1-5 mm. wide, very thin. Spores chocolate, oval, 7 x 4/Li; basidia dimorphic. Cystidia cylindrical-oval, firmly fixed by both ends. Nettle roots, sticks, dead leaves and grass haulms. June Aug. Uncommon. 1684. C. platypus Berk. Cke. Illus. no. 675, t. 687, fig. B. 7T\aTi><;, broad; rroixf, foot. P. 4-6 mm., white, then ochraceous flocculose, campanulate, convex, COPRINUS 513 then expanded. St. 6-8 x 1 mm., whitish, flattened and discoid at the base, smooth. Gills becoming black, free, narrow, distant. Flesh white, thin. Spores "blackish, 8 x 6 /A" Massee. On dead stems of Phalaris arundinacea, and on Palm stems in conservatories. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 1685. C. Spegazzinii Karat. C. Spegazzini, the South American mycologist. P. 3 cm., greyish, cylindrical, or oval, 2 cm. high, then expanding and splitting up to the disc, at first with a cobweb-like covering, and even, soon naked and grooved. St. 6-7 cm., white, thickened below and rooting, adpressedly silky. Gills free. Flesh very thin. Spores elliptical, 9-14 x 5-6/A. On soil in a plant pot. Rare. ***P. micaceous or furfuraceous. Gills commonly adnate to the apex of the st., which (in some species) is dilated into a ring or collar. Ringless. 1686. C. domesticus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 140, fig. 3. Domesticus, pertaining to the house. P. 3-6 cm., fuliginous, disc date brown, submembranaceous, ovate, then campanulate, furfuraceo-squamulose, then opening into furrows, and flattened, undulato-sulcate, disc obtuse, even. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 2-6 mm., white, slightly firm, attenuated upwards, adpressedly silky, then polished. Gills white, then flesh colour, at length fuscous blackish, adnexed, linear, 2 mm. broad. Flesh white, fuliginous in the p., thin. Spores black, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6 jn. Cystidia "only on edge of gill, globular, about 5/n broad, with or without a 5-16/u, long, 5-6 /z broad, appendix" Lange. Often caespitose. On damp carpets, in cellars, on old walls, and in gardens. April Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1687. C. stercorarius Fr. Stercorarius, belonging to dung. P. 2-3 cm., whitish, very tender, membranaceous, ovate, then cam- panulate, at length expanded, pellucid, covered with dense, micaceous, somewhat persistent, shining white meal; margin striate. St. 4-5 cm. x 2 mm., shining white, fragile, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, pruinose, becoming smooth, often springing from a darkish sclerotium. Gills white, soon black, adnexed, attenuated behind, ven- tricose, 1-2 mm. broad. Flesh white, greyish at the disc, very thin. Spores black, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 7-10 x 7-8 /A. Cystidia "vesiculose-clavate, 50-75 x 30-40 /A" Rick. Rich soil, dung, road- sides. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1688. C. tuberosus Quel. (= Coprinus stercorarius Fr. sec. Lange.) Quel. Soc. bot. xxv, t. 3, fig. 2. Tuberosus, having a swelling. P. 3-5 mm., white, then greyish, membranaceous, elliptical, then campanulate, finely striate, covered with hyaline, warted, granular vesicles, the remains of the universal veil. St. 24 cm. x 1 mm., white > 514 COPRINUS hyaline, equal, flexuose, silky, villose, springing from a small, Hawkish brown sclerotium. Gills white, then purplish black, free, narrow, edge micaceous. Flesh very thin. Spores black, elliptical, 12/z. On dung, and decaying vegetable matter. Pastures. May Dec. Uncommon. 1689. C. stellaris Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. xxiv, t. 5, fig. 6. Stellaris, starry. P. 1-2 mm., snow white, then greyish, ovate, then campanulate, striate, at length split in a star-like manner, crowned with minute, pellucid vesicles, the remains of the universal veil. St. 1-2 cm. x 1 mm., hyaline, velvety with long, silky white hairs. Gills greyish, then brown, adnate, narrow. Spores for a long time hyaline, then brownish bistre, elliptical, 8p. Fox, cow, and human dung. Caves, and pastures. April July. Rare. 1690. C. Friesii Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 23, fig. 5. Elias Fries, the eminent Swedish mycologist. P. 1-1-5 cm., snow white, then striate and violaceous at the margin, at length grey, ovate elliptical, then revolute, floccosely mealy. St. 5-20 x 1 mm., white, equal, pulverulent, base surrounded by a floccose collar. Gills white, then violaceous, at length brownish black, free, narrow, crowded. Flesh white, very thin. Spores brownish black, angularly globose, 8-10-5 x 6-7-5/1. Dead grass stems. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1691. C. tigrinellus Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 139. Tigrinettus, spotted like a tiger. P. 1 cm., snow white, covered with small, scattered, blackish flocci, especially at the disc, becoming rosy towards the striate margin and at length greyish, oblong, then slightly campanulate, at length revolute at the margin, pulverulent. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal, smooth ; base somewhat marginately bulbous, velvety, and often with blackish flocci like the p. Gills white, then brownish, free, narrow. Flesh white, thin. Spores brownish black, fuliginous under the microscope, broadly elliptical, 11 x 7fj,. Dead leaves of Carex riparia, Carex paludosa, more rarely of Iris Pseudacorus. July Aug. Uncommon. 1692. C. Gibbsii Massee & Crossland. Thomas Gibbs, a Yorkshire mycologist. P. -5 mm., pale ochraceous, disc darker, hemispherical, then ex- panded, striate, smooth, minutely atomate. St. 4-7 mm., white, pellu- cid, smooth, attached by a few white strands of mycelium. Gills adnate, 57 in number. Spores purplish brown, subcircular, com- pressed, 8-9 fj, in diameter, 5/u. thick. Cystidia pyriform. Horse, and sheep dung. Nov. Uncommon. COPRINUS 515 1693. C. ephemeras (Bull.) Fr. Cke. IUus. no. 673, t. 685, fig. B. e<j)iifjLepo<;, lasting but a day. P. 6-18 mm., greyish, disc rufescent, very tender, membranaceous, ovali-clavate, then soon campanulate, and on opening into furrows flattened, radiato-sulcate, disc elevated, often umbonate, even, at first slightly scurfy, then naked (but minutely mealy under a lens). St. 2-5-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., whitish, pellucid, equal, smooth. Gills whitish, then fuscous, at length black, reaching the st., remote, linear. Flesh white, very thin. Spores black, ovate, or cylindrical-elliptical, 8 10 x 5-5-8/z. Cystidia vesiculose, globular or subconical, sometimes with a bottle-neck apex, 20-50 x 16-30 /A. On horse, and rabbit dung. Dung-hills, and pastures. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 1694. C. bisporus Lange. (= Coprinus bisporiger Buller.) Bis, twice; aTropd, seed. P. 5-12 mm. high and broad, pallid, or ochraceous, then greyish- hyaline, ovate-conical, then revolute and radially sulcate up to the prominent disc, covered with erect, minute hairs, 45-120 x 12-24/z. St. 3-8 cm. x 1-3 mm., white, equal, base strigose. Gills white, then blackish, adnexed, narrow, 2 mm. wide. Flesh white, ochraceous under the pellicle of the pileus, thin except at the disc. Spores purplish- brown in the mass, dark brown under the microscope, oval, or oblong ellip- tical, 12-14 x 6-7 /i ; basidia broadly ovate, 8-10/x in diam., with 2- sterigmata. Cystidia inflated, ovate, 80-90 x 45-55/x. Wood and dung. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1695. C. velox Godey. Gillet, Champ. Fr. Hym. t. 175 Velox, fleeting. P. 3-4 mm., greyish, membranaceous, cylindrical then obovate, soon expanded, striate, furrowed, disc and ribs scurfy. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 1mm., white, somewhat pellucid, covered with short, whitish fiocci, especially towards the radiating fibrillose base. Gills grey, then black, reaching the stem, thin. Flesh very thin. Spores "dark brown, elliptical, 7-5-9 x 4-5/z" Lange. Cystidia "none" Massee and Salmon. Cow, and horse dung. Oct. Jan. Uncommon. 1696. C. aquatilis Peck. Peck, 27th Rep. New York State Mus. t. 1, figs. 26-28. Aquatilis, found in or near water. P. 1-5-2 cm., yellowish brown, campanulate, sulcate-plicate almost to the apex, scurfy. St. 5-7 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, equal, scurfy. Gills brownish, then black, reaching the st. Flesh of p. pale orange, thin. On decaying sticks, or twigs partly submerged, or lying in wet mossy places, also on Luzula sylvatica. June. Rare. 332 516 COPRINUS 1697. C. sociatus Fr. (= Psathyrella crenata (Lasch) Fr. sec. Rick.) Sociatus, gregarious. P. 3-6 cm., fuscous, then becoming pale, disc date brown, even, and umbilicate, very tender, ovali-cylindrical, then expanded, densely split into furrows, the raised ribs slightly scurfy. St. 4-6 cm. x 12 mm., white, delicately attenuated from the base, smooth. Gills grey, then cinereous black, adnexed in the form of a ring, attenuated behind, slightly ventricose. Flesh very thin. Spores " brownish black, ovate- oval, 12 x 1[i. Cystidia somewhat bottle-shaped with a broad neck, 20-25 JM broad" Lange. Damp ground in gardens, old walls, and woods. July Oct. Uncommon. 1698. C. plicatilis (Curt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 674, t. 686, fig. A. Plicatilis, folded. P. 1-3 cm., fuscous, then bluish-grey-cinereous, disc darker, fuscous or rufescent, ovali-cylindrical, then campanulate, soon expanded, opening into furrows, sulcato-plicate, for the most part smooth, disc broad, even, at length depressed. St. 2-5-7-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, somewhat pellucid, equal, smooth. Gills cream colour, then grey, at length grey-blackish, remote from the st., and adnate to a collar formed by the dilated apex of the st., distant. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores black, broadly elliptical, 10-12 x 8-9/z. Cystidia vesiculose, 60- 85 x 25-35/a. Woods, pastures, roadsides, and gardens. April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1699. C. curtus Kalchbr. (= Coprinus plicatiloides Buller.) Lange, Dansk. Bot. Ark. bind 2, no. 3, t. 1, fig. h. Curtus, short. P. -5-1-5 cm. broad, 3-8 mm. high, foxy-red, or rufescent to tan colour at first, becoming grey to dark grey, disc tan coloured, oval, to cylindrical, or elliptical, then expanded and flattened with a strongly depressed disc, splitting along the lines of the gills and becoming plicate, bearing a certain number of minute, scattered, flaky, separable, rufescent or whitish scales, consisting of globose, angular, or elliptical cells, often in chains, 12-30jt in diam., some brown and some colourless, not ornamented with crystals of calcium oxalate, the pileus also villose or downy with many colourless hairs, 70-100 x 5/x, enlarged at the apex where minute drops of a clear fluid are exuded under moist conditions. St. 28 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, becoming stained with dull yellow, equal, smooth, hollow. Gills grey, then black, at first attached to the stem by the margin for its entire length, then adnexed, and finally free, linear, narrow ; margin, before autodigestion begins, slightly divided, fimbriate. Flesh white, thin. Spores black in the mass, dark brownish to black under the microscope, elliptical, 9-15 x 6-9/z. Cystidia on gill surface none. Horse dung. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (**) COPRINUS 517 1700. C. filiformis B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 674, t. 686, fig. B. Filum, a thread ; forma, shape. P. 1-2 mm., grey, shining with white mealy particles, very tender, cylindrical, 1-2 mm. high, striate. St. 10-15 x -5 mm., white, hyaline, sprinkled with a few, short, delicate hairs. Gills "blackish, adnate, linear" W. G. Sm. Spores "subglobose, 5 x 4/z," Massee. On the ground. Woods, and pastures. April Sept. Uncommon (v.v.) ****P. always smooth. Ringless. 1701. C. hemerobius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 675, t. 687, fig. A. ri/Aepa, a day; /3io9, life. P. 1-5-3 cm., greyish, disc and surface of ribs date brown, ovate, then campanulate, radiately sulcate up to the even, not depressed disc, smooth. St. 5-9 cm. x 3-4 mm., pallid, fragile, attenuated upwards, smooth. Gills pallid, then blackish, adnate to the dilated apex of the St., attenuated at the margin, linear, 2-4 mm. broad. Flesh white, very thin at the margin. Spores black, elliptical, with a hyaline apical or oblique germ-pore, 10-11 x 5/z. Cystidia "bottle-shaped, or cylindrical- conical, 60-70 x 15-20 /x" Rick. Pastures, and woods, especially beech. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) C. hiascens (Fr.) Quel. = Psathyrella hiascens Fr. C. disseminatus (Pers.) Quel. = Psathyrella disseminata (Pers.) Fr. 1702. C. eburneus Quel. Quel. As. fr. (1883), t. 6, fig. 9. Eburneus, white as ivory. Entirely white and shining. P. 3-4 cm., elliptic campanulate, firm, striate, polished, besprinkled with small, recurved, fugacious flocci. St. 5 cm. x 6-8 mm., firm, smooth. Gills white, then deep bay, free, lanceolate, tardily deliquescing. Spores violet, almond-shaped, 14/x. Mountainous pastures. July Sept. Rare. 1703. C. Schroeteri Karst. J. Schroter, the Silesian mycologist. P. 1 cm., dingy ochraceous, becoming pale, at length sooty grey, elliptical, then expanded, sulcate, smooth. St. 1-2 cm., minutely pulverulent at first, slightly striate upwards. Gills brown, free. Spores black, angularly subglobose, 13-15 x 8-12ju,. On cow dung. Rare. var. proximellus (Karst.) Massee. Proximellus, somewhat nearly related. Differs from the type in the elliptical spores, 10-13 x 5-7 JLI. Manured ground. Rare. 518 MARASMIUS IV. Receptacle membranaceous, tough, reviving with moisture, not putrescent. Spores white. *Pileus with a thin, unspecialized cellular pellicle. Marasmius Fr. (fjiapaivo), I die away.) Pileus membranaceous, or coriaceous, regular, or resupinate. Stem central, or wanting, cartilaginous, or horny. Gills adnate, adnexed, decurrent, or free, pliant, rather tough. Spores white ; elliptical, pip- shaped, oblong elliptical, almond-shaped, tear-drop-shaped, globose, or subglobose; smooth, punctate, or echinulate; continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, or on wood; solitary, gregarious, caespitose, or fasciculate. A. Margin of p. incurved at first. St. cartilaginous. Mycelium floccose. a. St. externally villose, or pruinose. Gills separating, free. *St. woolly, or strigose, at the base. 1704. M. urens (Bull.) Fr. (= Marasmius peronatus Bolt. sec. Quel.) Gonnerm. & Rabenh. Heft. 8-9, t. 8, fig. 1. Urens, burning. P. 3-7-5 cm., deep yellow, or pinkish buff, becoming paler, disc darker and often slightly depressed, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, here and there squamulose, or rimoso-squamulose when dry; margin thin, involute. St. 45 cm. x 26 mm., concolorous, equal, or slightly bulbous at the base, covered with white farinose down. Gills pale wood colour, then brown, free, united behind, at length remote, distant, tough. Flesh yellowish. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 8 x 4/n, 1-2-guttulate. Taste very acrid. Woods. May Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 1705. M. peronatus (Bolt.) Fr. (= Marasmius urens Bull. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1070, t. 1117. Peronatus, wearing boots of untanned leather. P. 3-6 cm., light yellowish, or pallid brick rufescent, then becoming pale wood colour, or tan, at first fleshy-pliant, then coriaceo-membrana- ceous, convex, then plane, obtuse, flaccid, slightly wrinkled, at length lacunose; margin striate. St. 5-9 cm. x 2-6 mm., white, clothed with dense white, or yellowish villose, strigose hairs in the basal third, at- tenuated upwards, incurved at the base. Gills cream colour, then pallid wood colour and rufescent, adnexed, then separating, free, moderately thin, crowded. Flesh yellowish. Spores white, pip-shaped, or tear-drop-shaped 7-10 x 4-5ju. Taste acrid. Woods. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) MARASMIUS 519 1706. M. porreus (Pers.) Fr. Porrum, a leek. P. 25 cm., dingy yellowish, pallid when dry, coriaceo-membrana- ceous, flaccid, convex, then flattened, obtuse; margin striate. St. 7-11 cm. x 3-5 mm., red-fuscous, paler at the apex, tough, pubescent, somewhat thickened at both ends, villose at the base, containing a red juice. Gills light yellowish, becoming pale, separating free, distant, rather thick, tough, broadly linear, at length coriaceous. Flesh red- dish. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/z,, 2-many-guttulate. Smell strong, of garlic. Deciduous woods. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) **St. naked at base. 1707. M. oreades (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1072, t. 1118. 'O/jeta9, belonging to mountains. P. 2-6 cm., rufescent, then becoming pale, hygrophanous, whitish when dry, fleshy, pliant, convex, then plane, subumbonate; margin striate when moist. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, very tough, equal, everywhere clothed with a villose-woven cuticle. Gills pallid-white, free, broad, distant, the alternate ones shorter, at first soft, then firmer. Flesh pale-ochraceous. Spores white, elliptical, with an oblique basal apiculus, 7-8 x 5/x. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. In rings in pastures, on lawns, and roadsides. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 1708. M. globularis Fr. (= Marasmius Wynnei B. & Br.) Trans. Brit Myc. Soc. in, t. 13. Globularis, globular. P. 1-5-3 cm., milk white, then shining, often tinted with rose or greyish violet, and finally fuscous violaceous, globose, then campanulate, hygrophanous, pellucidly striate. St. 25 cm. x 34 mm., white, then brownish at the base, flexuose, pulverulent. Gills white, then dingy, free, distant, ventricose. Spores white, ovoid pruniform, 9 x 7/z,, 1-guttu- late. Smell pleasant like that of Marasmius oreades. Taste mild. Edible. Beech woods, and under beeches. Aug. Dec. Not un- common, (v.v.) var. carpathicus (Kalchbr.) Cost. & Dufour. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 26, fig. 4. Carpathicus, Carpathian. Differs from the type in the stem becoming blackish at the base. On stumps and amongst dead leaves. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1709. M. plancus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1073, t. 1119, fig. A. Plancus, flat footed. P. 2-3 cm., rufescent, then becoming pale, thin, flexuose, plane, or depressed, somewhat repand, obtuse. St. 3-5 cm. x 4-6 mm., pale yellow, soon compressed, unequal, twisted, covered with a white villose cortex ; base naked, somewhat attenuated. Gills yellow, then bright bay, or rust colour, narrow, distant, becoming free. Taste mild. Deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 520 MARASMIUS 1710. M. scorteus Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1073, t. 1119, fig. B. Scorteus, made of leather. P. 6-10 mm., pallid, often whitish, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, at length rugulose. St. 2-5 cm. x 12 mm., white, be- coming fuscous and contorted when dry, equal, delicately pruinose at the apex, tough. Gills white, quite free, remarkably broad, rounded behind, ventricose. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 6/u,. Taste mild. De- ciduous woods, moist places, and amongst grass under trees. Aug. Jan. Uncommon. b. St. rooting, distinctly cartilaginous. Gills separa ting-free. *St. woolly downwards, smooth upwards. 1711. M. prasiosmus Fr. (= Marasmius archyropus Pers. sec. Quel.) Trpda-ov, a leek; 007x77, smell. P. 1-3 cm., pale dingy yellow, or whitish, disc darker, submembrana- ceous, campanulate, then convex and plane, obtuse, rugulose ; margin striate when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 2 mm., pallid, becoming reddish at the base, equal, tough, tomentose, thickened and often incurved at the base, and adherent to the leaves. Gills white, then pallid, slightly adnexed, somewhat crowded. Spores white, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 4- 5/A, 1-many-guttulate. Cystidia none. Smell and taste strqng, of garlic, persistent. Edible. Beech woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1712. M. varicosus Fr. (= Marasmius fuscopurpureus Pers. sec. Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 72. Varicosus, full of dilated veins. P. 1-3 cm., fuscous purple, becoming darker when dry, submem- branaceous, pliant, campanulate, then convex and plane, umbonate, even. St. 36 cm. x 24 mm., rubiginous, blackish when dry, filled with dark blood-coloured juice, which forms drops when it is broken, very minutely tomentose, often longitudinally grooved; base reddish, strigose. Gills white, then becoming concolorous with the pileus, adnate, or almost free, very crowded, linear, very narrow. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5-3jLc. Damp mossy places. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1713. M. fuscopurpureus (Pers.) Fr. (= Marasmius varicosus Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1075, t. 1121, fig. B. Fuscus, dark; purpureus, purple. P. 1-3 cm., dark purple, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy, at first hemispherical, then plane, obsoletely umbilicate, slightly wrinkled. St. 2-5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid, then rufous, or dark purple, sheathed towards the base with strigose, rubiginous down. Gills rufescent, ad- nexed in the form of a ring, then free, distant, narrow. Flesh dark coloured. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 3/u, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Oak, and beech woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) MARASMIUS 521 1714. M. terginus Fr. (= Marasmius Stephensii Berk. sec. Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 174, fig. 4. Tergum, hide. P. 1-3 cm., flesh colour when moist, whitish when dry, shining, tough, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, at length somewhat depressed ; margin striate when moist. St. 5-8 cm. x 2-4 mm., pallid upwards, reddish downwards, slightly attenuated upwards, longi- tudinally fissile, white villose at the rooting base. Grills pallid, separating free, somewhat crowded, narrow. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4jit, punctate. Taste mild. Edible. Amongst leaves, and on twigs in deciduous woods. Oct. Nov. Uncommon. 1715. M. esculentus (Wulf.) Karst. (= Cottybia esculenta (Wulf.) Fr.; Collybia conigena Fr. (non Pers.) sec. Bres. ; Collybia clavus SchaefL sec. Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 198, fig. 1. Esculentus, edible. P. 1-2-5 cm., lurid ochraceous, or pale yellowish, somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, moist, sometimes subumbonate; margin at first pellucidly striate. St. 2-7 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, then concolorous, equal, apex pruinose; base long, rooting, tomentosely fibrillose. Gills white, often becoming yellowish at the edge, rounded behind, adnexed, crowded. Spores white, oblong, 5-6 x 2-3/z. Cystidia capitate at the apex, ventricosely fusiform, 40-66 x 10-18/*, very thick walled. Taste slightly bitter. Edible. On buried cones of conifers in woods, and plantations. Sept. May. Common, (v.v.) 1716. M. conigenus (Pers.) Karst. (= Collybia conigena (Pers.) Bres.; Collybia tenacella Fr. and Collybia stolonifera Jungh. sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 198, fig. 2. KWVOS, a cone; ytyvofiat, to be born. P. 1-3 cm., fuscous, then paler, very rarely white, somewhat fleshy, convex, or conico-campanulate, then expanded and subumbonate or plane, moist. St. 2-6 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, soon ochraceous, equal, apex white mealy; base long, rooting, tomentosely fibrillose. Gills cinereous, then white, often becoming yellowish, sinuato-adnexed, crowded. Spores white, oblong, depressed on one side, 4-5 x 2-5- 3/u.. Cystidia ventricosely fusiform, 48-72 x 10-14/i, thick walled. Taste slightly bitter. Edible. On buried cones of conifers in woods, and plantations. Sept. May. Common, (v.v.) **St. (at least when dry) everywhere pruinosely velvety. M. Wynnei B. & Br. = Marasmius globularis Fr. 1717. M. erythropus (Pers.) Fr. (= Collybia erythropus (Pers.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1077, t. 1123, fig. B. epvdpos, red; TTOVS, foot. P. 2-3 cm., pallid, becoming whitish when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, slightly wrinkled when 522 MABASMIUS dry, striate. St. 5-7-5 cm. x 4 mm., dark red, apex paler, firm, tough, often compressed, shining, pruinose when dry, base white strigose. Gills whitish, becoming flesh colour, separating free, broad, lax, con- nected by veins, subdistant. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, pip- shaped, 6 x 3/it. Taste mild. Edible. Deciduous woods, and heaths. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1718. M. undatus (Berk.) Quel. (= Collybia undata Berk. ; Collybia vertirugis Cke.) Cke. Ulus. no. 193, t. 149, upper figs., as Collybia vertirugis Cke. Undatus, waved. P. 1-2 cm., dull brown, or cinereous, campanulate, then convexo- plane, tough, submembranaceous, minutely pulverulent, radiato- wrinkled. St. 56 cm. x 2-3 mm., rufous, apex whitish, sometimes compressed, minutely velvety, base strigose. Gills white with a yellowish tinge, adnate, connected by veins, subdistant, broad. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 x 4-5/z, apiculate at the one end. On dead, and cut off bracken stems. Sept. Oct. Common, (v.v.) 1719. M. hariolorum (DC.) Quel. (= Collybia hariolorum (DC.) Fr. ; Collybia confluens (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 194, t. 150, lower figs., as Collybia confluens Pers. Hariolus, a soothsayer. P. 2-3 cm., rufescent, then flesh coloured, and finally whitish when dry, submembranaceous, tough, pliant, campanulato-convex, then flattened, obtuse, rather depressed. St. 7-12 cm. x 2-4 mm., flesh colour, or purplish, cartilaginous, equal, often compressed, pulverulent with white villose down, confluent at the base; apex pallid, naked. Gills flesh colour, then whitish, linear, narrow, slightly adnexed, then free, somewhat crowded. Spores white, elliptical, 5-7 x 3-4/1., 1-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill moniliform, 50-65 x 10-12 /i" Rick. Fascicu- late. Amongst dead leaves in deciduous woods. June Dec. Com- mon, (v.v.) 1720. M. ingratus (Schum.) Quel. (= Collybia ingrata (Schum.) Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 64, fig. 1, as Collybia ingrata (Schum.) Fr. Ingratus, unpleasant. P. 2-6 cm., dingy fuscous-tan, or reddish, becoming whitish flesh colour, slightly fleshy, pliant, globoso-campanulate, then expanded, umbonate. St. 4-10 cm. x 2-8 mm., fuscous, or purplish, cartilagi- nous, twisted, covered with a white pruina, often compressed, villose internally, apex white mealy. Gills reddish brick colour, becoming pallid, free, very crowded, narrow. Flesh reddish, or the same colour as the pileus. Spores white, "lanceolate-fusiform, 7-8 x 3-4 /n. Cys- tidia none" Rick. Smell mouldy, taste bitter. Caespitose. On dead twigs in woods, and in damp places. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. MARASMIUS 523 1721. M. pruinatus Eea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. v, t. 8. Pruinatus, covered with hoar frost. P. 5-10 mm., white, becoming tinged with yellow, fleshy-horny, con- vex, obtuse, or obsoletely papillate, pruinose; margin thin, incurved. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., white, equal, rigid, pruinose, base white villose. Gills shining white, decurrent, very narrow, 1 mm. wide, sub- distant. Flesh greyish, very tough, elastic. Spores white, pip-shaped, elongated into a long acute point at one end, blunt and rounded at the other, 9-12 x 4/z, with a large central gutta. Oak woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1722. M. archyropus (Pers.) Fr. (= Marasmius prasiosmus Fr. sec. Quel.) Gonn. & Rabenh. t. 8, fig. 6. apyvpos, silver; TTOI;?, foot. P. 2-5 cm., tan colour, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane, or depressed. St. 6-10 cm. x 2 mm., pallid rufescent under the white tomentose pruina, which forms an outer covering, similar at the base, rigid, tense, straight. Gills pallid, adnexed, separating, crowded, linear. Flesh yellowish, deeper coloured in the stem. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-10 x 3-4/n, 1-3-guttulate. Deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1723. M. suaveolens Rea. (=Marasmius ingratus (Weinm.) Quel. var. suaveolens Rea sec. Bataille.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, 1. 12, as Marasmius archyropus (Pers.) Fr. var. suaveolens Rea. Suaveolens, sweet smelling. P. 4-56 cm., flesh colour, becoming pale, convex, then plane, or depressed, tough; margin striate. St. 6-7 cm. x 2-3 mm., reddish, apex paler, everywhere covered with a white tomentose pruina, be- coming twisted when dried. Gills pallid, then fuscous, adnexed, sepa- rating, crowded, 6-8 mm. wide, ventricose. Flesh whitish in the pileus, reddish in the stem. Spores white, globose, 3-4/x. Smell very pleasant, like Marasmius oreades. Beech woods, and under beeches. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1724. M. torquescens Quel. Quel. Jur. et'Vosg. i, t. 22, fig. 3. Torquescens, becoming twisted. P. 1-2 cm., pallid, disc tawny, membranaceous, thin, convex, then plane, striate, then sulcate. St. 4-6 cm. x 1-2 mm., brown, apex smooth and whitish, delicately velvety, twisted and sulcate when dry, white floccose at the base. Gills white, then reddish, free, thin, ventri- cose, distant, minutely serrulate. Flesh whitish, reddish in the stem. Spores white, almond-shaped, 9-10 x 6-7 fi. On twigs in woods, and hedgerows. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 524 MARASMIUS 1725. M. obtusifolius Kea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 7. Obtus, blunt ; folius, leaf, gill. P. 1 cm., whitish, disc tawny, membranaceous, convexo-plane, with a prominent umbo, smooth, sulcate; margin at first incurved. St. 3-4 cm. x 1 mm., tawny, apex white, equal, minutely velvety. Gills pallid, adnate to a collar behind, 2 mm. wide, distant, simple ; edge very obtuse, blunt, ciliate with the prominent cystidia. Flesh white, tough, thin. Spores white, broadly oval, or subglobose, 14-15 x 10-1 2 [j,, with a large central gutta, thick walled; basidia clavate, 40-60 x 18-23/A, with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia abundant, fusiform, ventricose, 95-145 x 17-25/i, apex capitate, 14-18/x, thin walled. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1726. M. impudicus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1078, t. 1124, fig. B. Impudicus, disgusting. P. 1-3 cm., bay-brown-rufous, tinted with purple or lilac, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy at the disc, convex, then plane, often depressed in the centre, membranaceous, striato-plicate. St. 5 cm. x 2 mm., rufous, or rufous-fuscous when moist, sometimes violaceous- purple, wholly covered over with white villose down when dry, equal, often compressed, tough, flexile, rooting at the attenuated base. Gills flesh colour, or greyish, then whitish, at first reaching the stem, then free, truncate behind, connected by veins, ventricose, at first crowded, then distant. Spores white, elliptical, 8 x 4-5 /u,, "minutely echinu- late" Quel. Smell strong, disgusting, resinous. On pine trunks, and needles in coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. ***St. smooth. 1727. M. dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 206, t. 204, as Collybia dryophila Fr. Bpv<;, oak; </>tXo9, loving. P. 2-4 cm., bay-brown-rufous, yellow, ochraceous, or white, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, tough, convexo-plane, obtuse, disc generally de- pressed. St. 4-7 cm. x 2-4 mm., whitish, becoming yellow, or rufescent, cartilaginous, somewhat rooting. Gills white, or becoming pale, some- what free, crowded, narrow. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/Lt. Woods, pastures, and hedgerows. May Nov. Com- mon, (v.v.) var. fonicularis (Fr.) Rea. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. funicularis Fr.) Funiculus, a slender rope. Larger than the type, caespitose. St. lax, decumbent, villose at the base. Gills sulphur-yellow. Spores white, elliptical, 6 x 3jn. Woods, and pastures. May Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. auratus (Quel.) Rea. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. aurata Quel.) Auratus, golden. MARASMIUS 525 P. golden yellow. St. bright yellow. Gills cream colour. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. oedipus (Quel.) Eea. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. oedipus Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 80, fig. 1, as Mycena galeropsis Fr. oiSiTrovs, swollen footed. Pale yellow amber. St. bulbous, vesiculosely swollen at the base. Gills cream colour. In Sphagnum bogs. May Sept. Not uncommon. (v.v.) var. alvearis (Cke.) Rea. (= Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. var. al- vearis Cke.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 5, fig. B, as Collybia dryophila Bull. var. alvearis Cke. Alveare, a bee-hive. P. 7-5 cm., dome-shaped, resembling the old straw bee-hive. St. 1 cm. at the base, rufescent. Amongst dead leaves. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. aquosus (Bull.) Rea. (= Collybia aquosa (Bull.) Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 66, fig. 2, as Collybia aquosa (Bull.) Fr. Aquosus, watery. Pale tan, becoming white. P. hygrophanous; margin striate. Spores elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/i, 1-guttulate. Amongst moss in woods, and on heaths. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 1728. M. exsculptus (Fr.) Rea. (= Collybia exsculpta Fr. ; Collybia dryophila (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 66, fig. 3, as Collybia exsculpta Fr. Exsculptus, cut out. P. 2-5-5 cm., tawny brown, or sulphur yellow, slightly fleshy, tough, convex, then expanded and umbilicate, unchangeable. St. 2-3 cm. x 3-4 mm., bright sulphur yellow, cartilaginous, incurved, base some- times enlarged. Gills bright sulphur yellow, somewhat free (decurrent with a small tooth), arcuate, linear, very crowded, narrow. Flesh rufous. Spores white, 6-5-7 x 3-3-75/u.. Taste strong, mushroom-like. Edible. Gregarious. On old pine stumps, and in coniferous woods. May Oct. Uncommon. c. St. abrupt, often furnished with a floccose tubercle at the base. Gills adnate, or subdecurrent. *Stem very smooth, and shining upwards, base simple. 1729. M. Vaillantii (Pers.) Fr. Cke. lUus. no. 1080, t. 1126, fig. A. Sebastian VaiUant. P. 10-15 mm., whitish, somewhat membranaceous, pliant, convex, soon flattened and depressed at the disc, plicato-rugose. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., date-brown, bright, shining, thickened and paler upwards, here and there obsoletely pruinate; base inserted, naked, blackish. Gills white, adnate, somewhat decurrent on account of their triangular form, broad, distant, distinct, simple. Spores white, oblong, 10-13 x 3-4/x. On twigs, leaves, and grass stems in woods. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 526 MARASMIUS 1730. M. angulatus (Batsch) B. & Br. (= Marasmius graminum Lib. sec. Quel.) Pers. Myc. Eur. m, t. 26, figs. 3, 4. Angulatus, angled. P. 1-1-5 cm., fuscous whitish, somewhat membranaceous, hemi- spherical, then flattened, at length plicato-angular. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., rufescent grey, thickened at both ends, base hairy. Gills whitish, distant. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4/A. On grass, submerged rushes, roots, on sandhills. Aug. Uncommon. 1731. M. languidus (Lasch) Fr. Languidus, weak. P. 10-12 mm., white, inclining to flesh colour, or light yellow, slightly fleshy, convex, then expanded and unibilicate, fiocculose, rugoso- sulcate; margin involute. St. 2-3 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, becoming fuscous, thickened upwards, base generally white villose. Gills white, adnate, then decurrent, distant, connected by veins, narrow. Spores white, elliptical, 8/z, minutely punctate. On dead leaves of grass, twigs, and dead herbaceous stems in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 1732. M. rubricatus (B. & Br.) Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 496, t. 509, fig. C, as Naucoria rubricata B. & Br. Rubricatus, coloured red. P. 6-10 mm., whitish, then tinged with red or buff, convex, then plane. St. 6-12 x 1 mm., tan colour, incurved, and sprinkled with delicate mealy granules at the base and about half way up. Gills white, then brownish, adnexed, narrowed in front. Spores "colourless, pyriform, 6 x 3/i" Massee. Dead twigs, and brambles. Sept. Oct. Rare. **St. velvety, or pruinate, base subtuberculose. 1733. M. foetidus (Sow.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 73. Foetidus, stinking. P. 1*5 4 cm., bay-brown-tawny, membranaceous, somewhat pellucid, pliant, convex, then expanded, at length umbilicate, striato-plicate. St. 24 cm. x 12 mm., date brown, becoming blackish, everywhere vel- vety, horny, attenuated downwards, abrupt, or sometimes inserted with a very small floccose tubercle at the base. Gills yellowish rufescent, adnate, or subdecurrent, distant, connected by veins. Flesh yellowish, becoming blackish in the stem. Spores white, elliptical-oblong, or tear-drop-shaped, 9-12 x 4-6/n, 1-guttulate. Smell strong, very foetid. Dead twigs, and rotten branches in woods, and hedgerows. Aug. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1734. M. inodorus Pat. Inodorus, without smell. P. 1-2 cm., reddish brown, membranaceous, convex, then expanded, covered with adpressed silky down. St. 1-2 cm. x 1-2 mm., blackish red, apex pale, rigid, entirely covered with a white pruinosity consisting of hyaline, short, flexuose hairs. Gills white, adnate, unequal, some- MARASMIUS 527 what crowded. Flesh white, blackish in the stem. Spores white, pip- shaped, guttulate. On tree trunks. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1735. M. xerotoides von Post. Fr. Icon. t. 174, fig. 3. Xerotus, the genus Xerotus, etSo?, like. P. 4-8 mm., fuscous-umber and striate when moist, becoming pale fuscous grey and somewhat undulate when dry, submembranaceous, convex, obtuse, soon expanded and umbilicate; margin involute. St. 10-14 x 1 mm., grey or cinereous-fuscous, velvety; base swollen, and strigose. Gills whitish, becoming cinereous, broadly adnate, subde- current, distant, intermixed with shorter ones. Spores white, "ellip- tical, 5 x 3p," Massee. On sandy soil in woods. Rare. 1736. M. lagopinus von Post. Xa7<o<?, a hare. P. 2 cm., pallid, slightly fleshy, convex, then plane. St. 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., pallid, squamulose with white flocci for the lower half. Gills pallid, adnate, somewhat ventricose. Spores "pale straw colour, sub- globose, 3 x 2/x" Massee & Crossl. Dead branches, and on fir trunks. Oct. Rare. 1737. M. amadelphus (Bull.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 130, fig. 2. a, with; aSeX(/>6?, brother. P. 6-12 mm., pale yellowish, becoming pale, margin whitish, fleshy- menibranaceous, convex, hemispherical, then expanded and depressed, or umbilicate, sulcately striate, pruinose under a lens. St. 1-1-5 cm. x 5-1 mm., concolorous, somewhat darker at the base, somewhat mealy but becoming smooth, equal, undulate. Gills white, adnate, or sub- decurrent, broad, distant, margin fimbriate. Spores white, oblong, 10-12 x 2-5/x. On trunks, and branches in coniferous woods. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) Fr. Insignis, striking. Differs from the type in the whitish, thinner pileus, and the more distant, separating, pallid umber gills with tumid veins. On fir twigs. 1738. M. ramealis (BuU.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1082, t. 1127, fig. B. Ramus, a branch. P. 6-15 mm., white, disc rufescent, somewhat fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, or depressed, slightly wrinkled, minutely silky under a lens. St. 6-10 x 1-2 mm., whitish, base rufescent, tubercular when young, often incurved, mealy, squamulosely hairy under a lens. Gills white, adnate, connected behind, slightly distant, narrow. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 3-4ja, minutely punctate. On dead twigs, branches, and bramble stems in woods, hedgerows, and wood stacks. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 528 MABASMITTS 1739. M. Candidas (Bolt.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 75. Candidus, shining white. P. 3-15 mm., white, hemispherical, then plane, or slightly depressed, pellucid, submembranaceous, at length wrinkled, sulcate. St. 5-15 x 1-2 mm., white, incurved, delicately pruinose; base floccose, at length becoming fuscous. Gills white, adnexed, ventricose, distant. Flesh white. Spores white, pip-shaped, 9 x 3/z, multi-guttulate. On pine branches, and twigs. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1740. M. sclerotipes Bres. (= CollyUa cirrhata recent, auct. non Fr. sec. Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 11, fig. 1. a-/c\rjp6Tr)<f, hardness; pes, foot. P. 6-8 mm., shining white, umbilicate disc yellow, membranaceous, convex, then plane, rugosely striate, somewhat flocculose. St. 12- 18 x -5-1 mm., pallid rufous, apex whitish, equal, springing from a rufescent sclerotium, pruinose under a lens. Gills white, adnate, distant, edgefimbriate. Spores white. On the ground in swampy places. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. B. Margin of p. straight, and adpressed to the stem at first. St. cartilaginous. Mycelium rhizomorphoid, corticate. 1741. M. alliaceus (Jacq.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1083, t. 1128, fig. A. Allium, garlic. P. 1-4 cm., whitish inclining to fuscous, often milk-white when young, submembranaceous, campanulate, then expanded, subumbonate, at length striate and sulcate. St. 4-20 cm. x 2-4 mm., blackish, horny, rigid, attenuated upwards, pruinato-velvety ; base rooting, incurved, naked. Gills whitish, adnexed in the form of a ring, then free, sub- ventricose, slightly distant, crisped when dry. Flesh white, blackish in the stem. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 3/z, 2-3-guttulate, "glo- bose-elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 /x," Rick. Cystidia "bluntly fusiform, 45- 60 x 12-15/x" Rick. Smell very unpleasant, of garlic, persistent. Amongst leaves, and on stumps in woods. Aug. Nov. Common. (v.v.) 1742. M. molyoides Fr. yuwXu, wild garlic; eZSo?, like. P. 2-3 cm., brownish, then pale, submembranaceous, convex, then plane and depressed, sometimes slightly striate. St. 5-6 cm. x 2- 3 mm., blackish fuscous, paler when young, white at the apex, equal, base clavate, becoming twisted when old. Gills white, or yellowish, free, crowded, ventricose; margin ciliate and darker coloured. Flesh pale ochraceous. Spores white. Smell faint, of garlic when young, then in- odorous. Amongst leaves in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. MARASMIUS 529 1743. M. cohaerens (A. & S.) Cke. (== Marasmius ceratopus Pers. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 79, fig. 1, as Mycena cohaerens Fr. Cohaerens, sticking together. P. 2-3 cm., cinnamon, or umber-tawny, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, pruinose, velvety under a lens. St. 10- 12 cm. x 4 mm., bay brown, horny, very rigid, shining, apex whitish, pruinose, caespitoso-fasciculate, base date-brown, glued together with white villose down. Gills white, becoming pale, sprinkled with fulvous bristles under a lens, rounded behind, somewhat free, distant, generally connected by veins, very broad. Spores white, "lanceolate, 8-9 x 4/n. Cystidia brown, fusiform-subulate, very pointed, 60-100 x 7-14/z, thick walled" Rick. On trunks, and amongst leaves in deciduous woods. Oct. Feb. Uncommon. 1744. M. cauticinalis (With.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 41, fig. 2. Cautes, a rough pointed rock. P. 12 cm., dingy yellow, becoming ferruginous, then ochraceous, membranaceous, thin, pliant, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, at length plane, umbilicate, and striato-sulcate. St. 3-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., bay brown, paler and mealy upwards, rigid, tough, floccoso-villose at the tubercular base, and arising from a filiform, dark bay mycelium. Gills pallid light yellow, adnato-decurrent, subdistant, connected by a network of veins. Flesh yellow, or rufescent. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4ju,, 1-guttulate. Amongst needles in coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1745. M. torquatus Fr. Torquatus, adorned with a collar. P. 1-2 cm., whitish, or greyish white, truly campanulate, 1-2 cm. high, membranaceous, tough, obtuse; margin plicato-sulcate. St. 3 4 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, equal, shining, base generally fuscous, arising from a minute, round tubercle. Gills white, adnate to a free collar, con- nected by veins, distant, ascending, unequal. Flesh of pileus pale yellow. Spores white. On stems, and leaves. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 1746. M. scorodonius Fr. (= Marasmius alliatus Schaeff. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1079, t. 1125, fig. A. o-xopoSov, garlic. P. 1-2 cm., rufous, soon becoming pale whitish, membranaceous, pliant, convex, soon plane, obtuse, at length wrinkled and crisped. St. 2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., rufous, shining, horny, tough, equal, inserted and naked at the base. Gills whitish, adnate, often separating, con- nected by veins, crowded, narrow. Spores white, "lanceolate, 5-7 x 3 /A" Rick. Smell strong, of garlic. Edible. On twigs, and needles, on heaths, and in pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. B. B. B. 34 530 MARASMIUS. ANDROSACEUS C. P. sessile, resupinate. 1747. M. spodoleucus B. & Br. (= Marasmius Broomei Berk. sec. Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1088, t. 1137, fig. C. <r7ro8o9, ashes; Xef/co?, white. P. 4-5 mm., cinereous, conchate, resupinate, pulverulent, or slightly furfuraceous ; margin free, arched. Gills white, few, narrow, entire, so short as to leave a naked space at the base. Flesh umber. Spores white, globose, 3-4/z. Dead twigs and stumps of elm. Nov. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) **Pileus with a thick, cellular pellicle, f Cells of the pellicle upright, echinulate or verrucose. Androsaceus (Pers.) Pat. (= Marasmius Fr. p.p.) (ai/Spoo-a9, an unidentified sea plant.) Pileus membranaceous, thin, regular, cells of pellicle echinulate, or tuberculose. Stem central, horny. Gills adnate, emarginate, decur- rent, or attached to a collar. Spores white, elliptical, pip-shaped, oblong elliptical, subglobose, or club-shaped; smooth; continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, fallen leaves, etc. *Fleshy-membranaceous. 1748. A. calopus (Pers.) Pat. (= Marasmius calopus (Pers.) Fr.) Cke. Ulus. no. 1079, t. 1125, fig. B, as Marasmius calopus Pers. aXo9, beautiful; TTOU?, foot. P. 1-1-5 cm., whitish, slightly fleshy, tough, convex, then flattened, obtuse, rarely depressed, slightly wrinkled when dry. St. 2-3 cm. x 2 mm., bay-brown-rufous, tough, shining, attenuated upwards. Gills white, slightly emarginate, thin, subdistant. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4/u-. On twigs, grass roots, etc. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) """Tender, pellucid. 1749. A. polyadelphus (Lasch) Pat. 1 (= Marasmius polyadelphus (Lasch) Cke.) Cke. Illus. no. 1088, t. 1137, fig. B, as Marasmius polyadelphus Lasch. 7roA,ua8eX<o9, with many brothers. Entirely snow white. P. 2-3 mm., very tender, hemispherical, um- bilicate, sulcate, pruinose, tomentose under a lens. St. 10-15 x 1 mm., filiform, curved, flaccid, pruinose, thickened and floccose at the base. Gills decurrent, very narrow, wrinkle-like, distant. Spores white, "fusiform-lanceolate, 7-9 x 3-4 /M" Rick. Fasciculate, and in troops. On dead oak, and beech leaves. Oct. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1750. A. flosculinus (Bataille) Rea. (= Marasmius fiosculus Quel.) Quel. Soc. bot. 1878, t. 3, fig. 4. Fiosculus, a little flower, P. 4-5 mm., white, shining, very thin, diaphanous, campanula te, 1 By an oversight this species was described under Omphalia (no. 1412), but its correct position is here. ANDROSACEUS 531 then convex and umbilicate, ribbed, sulcate. St. 2-3 x -5 mm., bay brown, shining, apex white, thickened, incurved, horny, base downy. Gills white, adnate, distant, wide, thick. Spores "ovoid lanceolate, 10 /u, " Quel. On leaves of grasses. June Aug. Rare. ***Membranaceous. 1751. A. rotula (Scop.) Pat. (= Marasmius rotula (Scop.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1084, t. 1129, fig. A, as Marasmius rotula Scop. Rotula, a little wheel. P. 5-15 mm., whitish, unicolorous, or with the umbilicus becoming fuscous, membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, plicate; margin un- dulato-crenulate. St. 2-5 cm. x 1 mm., blackish, horny, equal, shining, striate when dry. Gills white, adnate to a cottar free from the stem, broad, few (often equal), very distant. Spores white, pip-shaped, acutely attenuated at the one end, 7-9 x 3-5-4-5/u,. Cystidia vesi- culose, apex echinulate, 14-16 x 7-8/n. On dead twigs and roots in woods and hedgerows. May Jan. Common, (v.v.) 1752. A. graminum (Lib.) Pat. (= Marasmius graminum (Lib.) Berk.) Cke. Illus. no. 1084, t. 1129, fig. B, as Marasmius graminum Lib. Graminum, of grasses. P. 5-8 mm., rufous, or very pale rufous, the furrows paler, umbo brown, nearly plane, umbonate, sulcate. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 1 mm., bay or brownish tawny, white above, shining. Gills cream-coloured, adnate to a collar free from the stem, few, subventricose, interstices veined. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4/j. On leaves, and stems of grasses. July Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1753. A. androsaceus (Linn.) Pat. (= Marasmius androsaceus (Linn.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1084, t. 1129, fig. C, as Marasmius andro- saceus Bull. dvSpoa-aices, an unidentified sea plant. P. 4-10 mm., whitish, or somewhat fuscous, membranaceous, sub- umbilicate, wrinkled striate. St. 3-6 cm. x 1 mm., black, horny, very tough, equal, contorted and striate when dry. Gills whitish or greyish flesh colour, adnate, crowded, narrow. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7 x 3-4/i. On leaves, and twigs, etc. April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1754. A. splachnoides (Hornem.) Rea. (= Marasmius splachnoides (Hornem.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1085, 1. 1130, fig. A, as Marasmius splachnoides Fr. cnr\dy)(vov, intestines ; et8o$, like. P. 5-10 cm., white, disc yellowish flesh colour, submembranaceous, convex, then expanded and slightly umbilicate, sulcate. St. 2-4 cm. x 1 mm., red (becoming fuscous), apex whitish flesh colour, shining. Gills white, subdecurrent, narrow, crowded, simple and anastomosing. Spores white, elliptical, " 8 x 5/i " Cke. On pine, oak, and beech leaves in woods. Oct. Uncommon. 34^-2 532 ANDROSACEUS 1755. A. Curreyi (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Marasmius Curreyi B. & Br.) Cke. Illus. no. 1085, t. 1130, fig. B, as Marasmius Curreyi B. & Br. Frederick Currey, the eminent mycologist. P. 4-10 mm., pallid rufous, furrows paler, umbo fuscous, somewhat plane, sulcate, somewhat radiate. St. 23 cm. x 1 mm., black, apex white, shining. Gills cream-coloured, attached to a collar, few, sub- ventricose, interstices veined. Spores white, elliptical, 9 x 5-6 /LC. On leaves of grasses. Aug. Uncommon. 1756. A. perforans (Fr.) Pat. (= Marasmius perforans Fr.; Maras- mius abietis Batsch sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1085, t. 1130, fig. C, as Marasmius perforans Fr. Perforans, boring through. P. 812 mm., whitish, becoming pale rufescent, submembranaceous, convexo-plane, minutely umbonate, then flattened, at length slightly wrinkled. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm,, bay brown, then black, apex flesh colour, tough, equal, velvety. Gills whitish, adnate, narrow, numerous, simple, unequal (the alternate ones shorter), not very distant. Spores white, "lanceolate, 6 x SJLC" Rick. Smell very foetid. On fir leaves. Aug. Oct. Rare. 1757. A. insititms (Fr.) Rea. (= Marasmius insititius Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1086, t. 1135, fig. A, as Marasmius insititius Fr. Insititius, ingrafted. P. 10-20 mm., white, membranaceous, pliant, convexo-plane, somewhat umbilicate, then plicato-sulcate. St. 2-3 cm. x 1 mm., rufous, inclining to fuscous, horny, attenuated downwards into an inserted base, fioccoso-furfuraceous. Gills pale, to cream, broadly adnate, attenuated at the margin, distant, simple, unequal. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6-8 x 3-5-4/u.. Cystidia hyaline, cylindrical, cla- vate or lanceolate, 40-50 x 5-6/t. On leaves, decayed grass, etc. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. albipes (Fr.) Rea. (= Marasmius insititius Fr. var. albipes Fr.) Berk. Outl. t. 14, fig. 6, as Marasmius insititius Fr. Albus, white ; pes, foot. Differs from the type in the white stem. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-10 x 4-5/x, 1-multi-guttulate. On dead oak leaves and grasses. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1758. A. Hudsonii (Pers.) Pat. (= Marasmius Hudsoni (Pers.) Fr. ; Marasmius pilosus (Huds.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1086, t. 1135, fig. B, as Marasmius Hudsoni Pers. William Hudson, author of "Flora Anglica." P. 2-6 mm., pale fuscous-rufescent, membranaceous, hemispherical, wrinkled, beset with scattered, long, purplish, or brownish hairs. St. ANDROSACEUS 533 1-2-5 cm. x -5 mm., dark purple, or reddish, horny, beset with the same scattered hairs as the pileus, apex pale. Gills white, adnexed, narrow, single, the alternate ones dimidiate, distant. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 9-12 x 4-6/x, 1-2-guttulate. On faUen, dead holly-leaves in woods, and under hollies elsewhere. March Dec. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 1759. A. epichloe (Fr.) Rea. (= Marasmius epichloe Fr.; Marasmius scabellus (A. & S.) Quel. sec. Bataille.) Cke. Illus. no. 1087, t. 1136, fig. A, as Marasmius epichloe Fr. eVt, upon; %Xo77, grass. P. 4-5 mm., whitish, disc bay-brown-fuscous, thin, plano-convex, subpapillate. St. 2-3 cm. x -5 mm., bay brown, paler at the base, coarsely striate, striae setulose. Gills whitish, rounded, broader behind, somewhat crowded. Spores white, "elliptical, 3 x 2/z" Cke. On dead grass stems, and spines of Robinia. Aug. Oct. Rare. 1760. A. actinophoras Rea. (= Marasmius actinophorus (B. & Br.) Massee, nee B. & Br. sec. Fetch.) Cke. Illus. no. 1087, t. 1136, fig. B, as Marasmius actinophorus B. & Br. aTt9, a ray; <f>epw, I bear. P. 24 mm., pale bay brown, with distant darker radiating lines, very thin, convex, then plane, umbilicate, wrinkled when dry. St. 1-2 cm. x -5 mm., paler than the pileus, equal. Gills whitish, adnexed, narrow, alternate ones shorter. Spores white, "subglobose, 3/u," Massee. On fallen twigs. Aug. Rare. 1761. A. saccharinus (Batsch) Rea. (= Marasmius saccharinus (Batsch) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1087, t. 1136, fig. C, as Marasmius saccharinus Batsch. Saccharum, sugar. P. 25 mm., snow white, membranaceous, convex, subpapillate, sul- cate, and plicate. St. 1-5-2-5 cm. x -5 mm., white, reddish at the bulbose base, pruinose, villose under a lens. Gills whitish, broadly adnate, narrow, thick, very distant, reticulato-united. Spores white, "ovoid lanceolate, 12/i, guttulate" Quel., "elliptical, 5 x 3/i" Massee. On dead twigs, and leaves. Aug. Rare. 1762. A. epiphyllus (Fr.) Pat. (= Marasmius epiphyllus Fr.) 7ri, upon; <j>v\\ov, a leaf. P. 4-10 mm., milk white, membranaceous, very thin, convex, then plane, at length umbilicate, smooth, at length plicato-rugose. St. 1- 2-5 cm. x 1 mm., date brown, apex whitish, somewhat horny, equal, velvety under a lens. Gills white, adnate, few, very distant, entire, veined, branched. Spores white, "oval-oblong, 5-6 /x,, minutely aculeo- late" Quel., "3 x 2/z" Cke. On dead leaves, twigs, etc. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 534 ANDROSACEUS. CRINIPELLIS. PANTJS 1763. A. epiphylloides Rea. (= Marasmius epiphyllus Fr. sec. Lange. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 14. Epiphyllus, the species A. epiphyllus; etSo<?, like. P. 2-5 mm., white, membranaceous, subspherical, then convex and expanded. St. 3-8 x 5 mm., chestnut brown, apex white, equal. Gills white, adnate, -5-1 mm. wide, sometimes connected by veins, few, distant. Spores hyaline, club-shaped, 13-15 x 3-5-4/t, multi-guttulate. Cystidia 43-45 x 9-10 /z, attenuated at the apex, ventricose at the base. On dead leaves, and twigs. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) tf Cells of the pellicle decumbent, very long, fibrillose. Crinipellis Pat. (Crinis, hair; pellis, skin.) Pileus membranaceous, regular, cells of pellicle long, thick, tough. Stem central, firm. Gills adnate, or free. Spores white, pip-shaped, smooth, or punctate; continuous. Cystidia present. Growing on wood, twigs, etc. 1764. C. stipitarius (Fr.) Pat. (= Marasmius scabellus (A. & S.) Quel. ; Collybia stipitaria Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 193, t. 149, lower figs., as Collybia stipitaria Fr. Stipitarius, possessing a stem. P. 8-10 mm., ochraceous, disc becoming fuscous, membranaceous, convexo-plane, umbonate, then umbilicate, zoned, velvety squamulose, or fuscous fibrillose', margin white, scalloped. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., dark brown, shaggy-fbrillose, tough, channelled. Gills white, or with a yellowish tinge, separating free, ventricose, somewhat distant. Flesh brownish. Spores white, pip-shaped, 10-12 x 6-7 p., multi-guttulate. Cystidia "subulate, 30-40 x 6-8 /A" Rick. On dead grass stems, thatch, and .twigs. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1765. C. caulicinalis (Bull.) Rea. (= Marasmius caulicinalis (Bull.) Quel.) Kav\6$, a stalk. P. 10-15 mm., tan, or fawn colour, campanulate, then convex, thin, delicately tomentose and pubescent. St. 2-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., con- colorous, brown at the attenuated base, fibrous, pubescent. Gills whitish yellow, then tan, free, ventricose, thick. Flesh tan. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-8 x 5/u,, punctate, 1-guttulate. On dead grass stems. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) V. Receptacle coriaceous, fleshy-coriaceous, or woody. Spores white. Pileus fleshy-coriaceous, gills somewhat soft. Panus Fr. (irav, all; ofc, ear.) Pileus fleshy-coriaceous, excentric, dimidiate, or resupinate, sessile or stipitate. Stem when present lateral, confluent with the pileus. PANUS 535 Gills soft, then coriaceous, decurrent, or arising from a central point. Spores white, cylindrical, or elliptical; smooth, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, often caespitose. *P. irregular. St. excentric. 1766. P. conchatus (BuU.) Fr. (= Panus flabelliformis (Schaeff.) Quel.) Krombh. t. 42, figs. 1, 2. Conchatus, sheU-shaped. P. 5-10 cm., cinnamon, then becoming pale, fleshy-pliant, thin, un- equal, excentric, or dimidiate, flaccid, squamulose when old. St. 12 x 8 mm., pale, unequal, often compressed, base pubescent. Gills whitish, or pale flesh colour, at length ochraceous wood-colour, deeply decurrent in parallel lines, here and there branched, crisped when dry. Flesh white. Spores white, cylindrical, 6 x 3ja, 1-2-guttulate. On beech, and poplar stumps and willows. June Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 1767. P. tomlosus (Pers.) Fr. (= Panus flabelliformis (Schaeff.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1096, t. 1149, fig. B. Torulus, a tuft of hair. P. 5-8 cm., somewhat flesh colour, varying rufescent-livid, and be- coming violet, entire, but very excentric, fleshy-pliant, then coriaceous, plano-infundibuliform. St. 2-5 x 2-2-5 cm., pale, covered with grey often violaceous down, oblique, tough, firm. Gills reddish, then tan colour, decurrent, subdistant, simple, separate behind. Flesh pallid. Spores white, cylindrical, 6 x 3ju., 1-2-guttulate. On old stumps of birch and pollard willows. May Oct. Common, (v.v.) 1768. P. rudis Fr. (= Panus hirtus (Seer.) Quel.) Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 14, fig. 1. Rudis, rough. P. 5-10 cm., ochraceous fawn, or reddish, fleshy, coriaceous, then corky, thin, unequal, excentric, or dimidiate; margin incurved, lilac, and bristling with hairs. St. 1-2 x 2-3 cm., ochraceous fawn, unequal, shaggy with a rough, hairy, lilac velvet. Gills whitish pink, then pale ochraceous fawn, very decurrent, narrow. Flesh white. Spores white, cylindrical, 5-6 x 3/A, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia "on edge of gill cylindrical-clavate, 45-50 x 12/>t, very thick walled" Rick. Beech stumps. May. Uncommon, (v.v.) **St. definitely lateral. 1769. P. stipticus (Bull.) Fr. (= Panus far inaceus Schum. sec. Quel.) crruTTTiKO"?, astringent. P. 14 cm., cinnamon, becoming pale, thin, elastic, reniform, some- times infundibuliform and lobed, pruinose, the cuticle breaking up into furfuraceous scales. St. 5-20 x 2-3 mm., pale, coriaceous, dilated at the apex, ascending, pruinose. Gills ochraceous, or cinnamon, ending determinately, thin, very narrow, crowded, connected by veins. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-2-5/i. Cystidia "on 536 PANUS. XEROTUS edge of gill lanceolate, clavate at first, 30 x 15ju,, then 40-70 x 7- 8ju," Rick. Taste very astringent. Poisonous. On dead stumps, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. farinaceus (Schum.) Rea. Farinaceus, mealy. Differs from the type in the cuticle of the pileus breaking up into whitish-bluish-grey scurf. Trunks, and fir branches. Oct. Dec. Un- common, (v.v.) var. albido-tomentosus (Cke. & Massee) Rea. Cke. lUus. no. 1097, t. 1144, fig. B, as Panus farinaceus Fr. Albidus, whitish; tomentosus, hairy. Differs from the type in the pileus being densely clothed with a short, whitish, velvety tomentum. Trunks. Uncommon. ***P. resupinate, sessile, or extended behind. 1770. P. patellaris Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 176, fig. 3. Patellaris, like a little dish. P. 10-15 mm., pallid externally, viscid, furfuraceo-villose, resupinate, coriaceous, orbicular, piano-cup- shaped, adnate by the sessile vertex; the free margin involute, villose, white. Gills dark ochraceous, con- current in a central point, crowded. Flesh ochraceous. Spores white, "elliptical, 8 ju," Quel. On beech, and cherry branches. Oct. March. Uncommon. 1771. P. Stevensonii B. & Br. Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist. P. olivaceous-light-yellow, spathulate. St. golden, dilated upwards, convex, slightly hispid. Gills narrow, entire. Flesh greenish-yellow. On oak. Sept. Oct. Rare. Pileus membranaceous-coriaceous, gills coriaceous, branched, obtuse. Xerotus Fr. (1^/309, dry; ofc, an ear.) Pileus membranaceous-coriaceous, regular. Stem central, confluent with the pileus. Gills coriaceous, broadly plicaeform, dichotomous, edge entire, obtuse. Spores white, elliptical, irregular. Growing on the ground. 1772. X. degener Fr. (= Cantharellus carbonarius (A. & S.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Degener, degenerate. P. l'5-4 cm., date-brown-grey when moist, grey when dry, somewhat zoned, coriaceo-membranaceous, very thin, but very tough, plano- infundibuliform, striate when moist, flocculose when dry. St. 4-20 x 2 mm., fuscous, somewhat white-velvety, very tough, equal. Gills LENTINUS 537 whitish-grey, decurrent, few, very distant, when properly developed thin, rather broad, edge acute, flaccid. Spores white, "elliptical, irregular, 8-12 x 4-6 /u," Berk. On bare gravelly soil, and in peat mosses. Jan. Very rare. Pileus coriaceous, or woody, pliant; gills firm, often toothed. Lentinus Fr. (Lentus, pliant, or tough.) Pileus coriaceous, pliant, more or less irregular, stipitate, or sessile. Stem when present, central, excentric, or lateral, confluent with the pileus. Gills tough, adnate, or decurrent, often toothed at the edge. Spores white, elliptical, pip-shaped, oblong cylindrical, or globose; smooth, or echinulate, continuous. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground; solitary, or caespitose. I. P. nearly entire. St. distinct. *P. scaly, more or less manifestly veiled. 1773. L. tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. (= Lentinus Dunalii DC. sec. Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1089, t. 1138. Tigrinus, spotted like a tiger. P. 3-8 cm., white, or cream colour, variegated with somewhat ad- pressed, brownish, or blackish, fibrillose squamules, fleshy-coriaceous, thin, commonly orbicular and central, convex, then infundibulif orm ; margin often split when dry. St. 3-5 x -5-1-5 cm., whitish, becoming fuscous at the base, very hard, often attenuated downwards and rooting, minutely squamulose, furnished at the apex with an entire, reflexed, fugacious ring. Gills white, then yellowish, decurrent, narrow, crowded, serrate. Flesh white, fuscous at base of stem. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-9 x 3//,, 1^3-guttulate. Smell strong, acid. On oak, ash, willow, and poplar stumps, and on railway sleepers. April Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. Dunalii (DC.) Fr. Berk. Outl. t. 15, fig. 2. Dunal. Differs from the type in the evanescent, adpressed spot-like scales of the pileus, the subsilky stem, and the scarcely manifest veil. On willows, and poplars. Rare. 1774. L. lepideus Fr. (= Lentinus squamosus (Schaeff.) Quel.) XeTrt?, a scale. P. 5-10 cm., pallid ochraceous, variegated with darker, adpressed, spot-like scales sometimes becoming rufescent, fleshy, very compact, firm, irregular, commonly excentric, convex, then plane, or depressed, sometimes broken up into cracks. St. 2-8 x 1-3 cm., whitish, covered with tomentose scales that become rufescent, apex smooth, base woody, sometimes rooting, at the first furnished with a cortina towards the apex. 538 LENTINUS Gills whitish, or yellowish, sinuate, decurrent by a tooth, broad, trans- versely striate, serrate. Flesh white, pliant. Spores white, elliptical, 10-11 x 5ju,, 1-3-guttulate. Cystidia none. Smell pleasant. On pine stumps, railway sleepers and paving blocks. March Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) var. contiguus Fr. Contiguus, neighbouring. Differs from the type in being entirely white and destitute of scales both on the pileus and stem. **P. villose, or pulverulent. 1775. L. leontopodius Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 28. Xeav, a lion; TTOV<;, foot. P. 7-20 cm., tan-clay-colour, rather darker towards the margin, fleshy, compact, tough, irregular, very excentric, or almost lateral, broadly umbilicate; margin arched and bent downwards, more or less lobed, distinctly tomentose. St. 7-10 x 2-5-3 cm., pale chestnut, blackish downwards, curved and ascending, hard, tough, subequal, pulveru- lently furfur aceous, or tomentose. Gills pale reddish ochraceous, deeply decurrent, especially on the lower side of the stem, 6-8 mm. wide, connected by veins, wrinkled at the sides; edge serrated, darker. Flesh white. Spores white, "cylindrical, obliquely apiculate, 12-15/M long" Massee. Smell very pleasant. Taste sweet, pleasant. On de- cayed willow. Sept. Oct. Eare. 1776. L. pulverulentus (Scop.) Fr. Pulverukntus, dusty. P. yellow, mealy with white dust, fleshy-pliant, convex. St. mealy with white dust, elongated, stout, equal, rigid. Gills white, slightly toothed. Trunks. Caespitose. Oct. Rare 1 . 1777. L. adhaerens (A. & S.) Fr. (= Lentinus resinaceus Trog sec. Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 131. Adhaerens, sticking to. P. 8-13 cm., lurid whitish, then hazel, becoming fuscous, fleshy pliant, somewhat irregular, convexo-subcampanulate, then depressed and infundibuliform, pulverulently villose, covered with a resinous, amber coloured gluten. St. 2-5 cm. x 5-12 mm., concolorous, covered with a resinous gluten, rooting, subequal, pulverulently tomentose. Gills white, then yellowish, sinuato-decurrent, somewhat crowded; edge serrate, glutinous. Flesh white. Spores white, "oblong cylindrical, 7-10 x 2-5-3 ft" Bres. Smell pleasant, fragrant. Taste somewhat bitter and astringent. Coniferous woods. Autumn Spring. Rare. 1 Berkeley and Broome describe P. 5 cm., fuliginous, at first infundibuliform then lateral, flabelliform, floccoso-pulverulent with little umber particles. St. 7-5 cm. at length smooth. Gills pallid, deeply decurrent, thick, edge crenulate but not torn. LENTINUS 539 1778. L. suffrutescens (Brot.) Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xvi (1900), t. 3 and 4. Suffrutescens, arborescent. P. 4-8 cm., whitish cream colour, fleshy, compact, conical, convex, umbonate, disc covered with reddish brown squamules, then depressed and infundibuliform; margin often revolute. St. 7-11 cm. x 7-9 mm., concolorous, covered with reddish brown scales (which sometimes pro- ject) in the lower half or up to the sulcate apex, equal, or more or less bulbose at the base, slightly incurved, strongly flexuose, or twisted in abnormal specimens. Gills white, then yellowish, deeply decurrent, . crowded, serrate. Flesh white. Spores white, elliptic cylindrical, 7-5 x 2-5/i. Squared wood in cellars. Nov. Feb. Rare, (v.v.) ***P. smooth. 1779. L. umbellatus Fr. Umbellatus, like a sunshade. Very much branched, fleshy coriaceous, tough. Pileoli very numerous, 1-5-2-5 cm., becoming yellowish cinereous, entire, umbilicate. St. 5-9 cm. x 3-8 mm., white, caespitosely connate at the base, branched, each branch giving rise to a separate p., sulcate. Gills white, deeply decurrent, very narrow, I mm., minutely serrated, crowded. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 4-5 ju,, with a large central gutta. Smell and taste pleasant. Old stumps. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1780. L. cochleatus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1093, t. 1142, fig. A. /eo^Xta?, a snail with a spiral shell. P. 2-5-9 cm., flesh colour, becoming pale, somewhat tan, fleshy pliant, thin, commonly excentric, imbricated, very unequal, somewhat lobed or contorted, sometimes plane, sometimes infundibulif orm-umbilicate. St. 3-9 x -51-5 cm., flesh colour, rufous fuscous downwards, firm, sometimes central, sometimes wholly lateral, sulcate, often connate at the base. Gills white flesh colour, decurrent, crowded, serrated. Flesh pinkish. Spores white, globose, 5-6/z, with a large central gutta. Cystidia none. Smell very pleasant, of anise, or tonquin bean. Taste mild. Edible. Stumps. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) II. Dimidiate, sessile, or furnished with a sublateral stem. 1781. L. scoticus B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 1094, t. 1143. Scoticus, Scottish. P. 14 cm., pallid, then brownish, hygrophanous, umbilicate, some- times infundibuliform, at length flattened; extremely variable in form, either quite stemless and reniform, or variously stipitate, lobed at the margin and sinuate, or plicate. St. -5-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., darker, cylindrical, pulverulent, springing from a brown, fibrillose mycelium. Gills pallid, decurrent when the stem is developed, rather distant, strongly toothed, and irregularly torn. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 4/u,. On decayed Ulex, birch, and spruce. Nov. Jan. Rare. (v.v.) 540 LENTINUS 1782. L. fimbriatus Currey. Cke. Illus. no. 1095, t. 1148, fig. A. Fimbriatus, fringed. P. 1-2-5 cm., fawn colour, covered with darker floccose scales, some- what dimidiate, subcoriaceous, thin, depressed, sometimes very much so and almost cyathiform; margin slightly involute, almost strigose. St. 4-6 x 23 mm., concolorous with the gills, or paler, lateral, rough with somewhat refiexed scales; apex with a delicate, white, fimbriate collar or fringe when young. Gills pale brown, descending, irregularly serrated and torn at the margin. On a stump standing in a pond. Sept. Kare. 1783. L. vulpinus (Sow.) Fr. (= Lentinus castoreus Fr. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 176, fig. 1. Vulpinus, foxy. Sessile, many times imbricated. Pilei tan, fleshy, very pliant, reni- form-conchate, very convex ; margin deflexed and almost perpendicular, hence concave beneath; surface wholly peculiar, with raised longi- tudinal ribs, which are broken up into scales or fibrous teeth towards the thin, incurved, fuscescent margin, hence entirely rough and corrugated, velvety tomentose, and white-warty behind. Gills whitish, then reddish, extended to the base, broad, crowded, torn into teeth. Flesh white. Spores white, "somewhat needle-shaped, 9-10 x 1-5/t" Rick. Smell none or strong of field mint. Trunks, and stumps. March Oct. Rare. 1784. L. auricula Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 175, fig. 2. Auricula, the ear. White, becoming tinged with yellow when old, caespitosely imbricate. P. 2-4 cm., fleshy-coriaceous, ear-shaped, dimidiate, oblong, ascending, sessile, cucullately-revolute beneath. Gills very narrow, 1 mm. wide, very closely crenulately-serrated, decurrent to the base, and separate. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 3-4(4, with a large central gutta. Lime stumps. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1785. L. flabelliformis (Bolt.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1095, t. 1148, fig. B. Flabelliformis, fan-shaped. Subsessile. P. 2-3 cm., pallid fawn colour, membranaceous, pliant, reniform, plane, even; margin fimbriato-t oot hed. St. commonly rudi- mentary, 4-6 mm. long. Gills whitish, or pallid, broad, somewhat distant, rather thick, torn into teeth at the edge. Spores white, "cylindrical, 8-9 x 2-2-5/x" Rick, "minutely echinulate" Quel. On stumps. Feb. Rare. CANTHARELLINEAE. Hymenium inseparable from the pileus, spread over the surface of narrow, obtuse veins, gills, or folds, or quite smooth. \ .*' CANTHARELLACEAE. Same characters as the suborder. NYCTALIS. CANTHARELLUS 541 *Spores white. Keceptacle fleshy, stipitate; gills simple. Parasitic on other Agarics. Nyctalis Fr. (vv, night.) Pileus fleshy, regular. Stem central, fleshy, confluent with the pileus. Gills adnate, or decurrent, thick, soft, edge obtuse. Spores white, elliptical, smooth. Chlamydospores often present. Growing on other Agarics, more rarely on the ground. 1786. N. parasitica (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1068, t. 1113. Parasitica, parasitic. P. 1-5-3 cm., whitish fuscous, then becoming pale whitish, somewhat fleshy, conico-campanulate, then convex, plane, and obtuse, or obso- letely umbonate, unequal, pellicle persistent, pruinose, grey. St. 2-5-6 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, straight, or curved, equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, pubescent, bristling with hairs at the base. Gills white, becoming fuscous, adnate, thick, distant, with alternate shorter ones intermixed, at length contorted and anastomosing. Flesh dark grey. Spores white, elliptical, 5-7 x 3-4 ju,. Smell like Polyporus squamosus. On dead Russula adusta, Russula foetens, Russula chloroides and Lactarius velkreus. Aug. Dec. Common. (v.v.) 1787. N. asterophora Fr. aa-r^p, a star; (frepw, I bear. P. 1-1-5 cm., white, then fawn colour from the large stellate chlamydo- spores, 15-20 /x, fleshy, conical, then hemispherical, fioccoso-pulveru- lent. St. 1-2 cm. x 2-4 mm., white, then fuscous, equal, often twisted, pruinose. Gills white, then dingy, adnate, distant, thick, tense and straight, somewhat forked, often wanting. Flesh dark grey. Spores white, "elliptical, 6 x 4 /A" Kick. On dead Russula nigricans. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) N. caliginosa W. G. Sm. = ? a diseased state of some Clitocybe. Trogia Fr. = Plicatura Peck. Eeceptacle fleshy, stipitate; gills forked. Cantharellus Adans. (icavdapos, a drinking cup.) Pileus fleshy, regular, excentric, or lobed. Stem central, confluent with the pileus. Gills decurrent, thick, branched. Spores white, rarely pale ochraceous in the mass, elliptical, oval, or pip-shaped, smooth; basidia with 4-8-sterigmata. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground. 542 CANTHARELLUS *P. and solid st. fleshy. 1788. C. cibarius Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1055, t. 1103. Cibarius, pertaining to food. Entirely egg-yellow. P. 5-10 cm., convex, turbinate, then plane or somewhat depressed, repand; margin often lobed. St. 4-7 x 2-4 cm., attenuated downwards. Gills decurrent, fold-like, thick, distant, branched, often anastomosing. Flesh yellowish, drying whitish, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 10 x 8 p., multi-guttulate ; basidia with 5-6- sterigmata. Smell pleasant, like that of apricots. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. albus Fr. Albus, white. Differs from the type in being entirely white, or here and there tinged with pink. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. rafipes Gillet. Cke. lUus. no. 1056, t. 1131. Rufus, red; pes, foot. Differs from the type in the rufous base of the stem. Woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. ramosus Schulz. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 27, fig. 4. Ramosus, branched. Differs from the type in the branched stem, and in the pileoli be- coming finally infundibuliform. Woods. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 1789. C. amethysteus Quel. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 12. dpeOva-Tos, amethyst. P. 5-10 cm., egg-yellow, covered with a lilac down either in zones, or more especially at the margin, fleshy, firm, turbinate, then plane and somewhat depressed ; margin often scalloped. St. 3-4 x 2-5-3 cm., egg-yellow, obconic, attenuated downwards. Gills egg-yellow, vein-like, branched, thick. Flesh white, then yellowish. Spores white, oval, 10 x 5-6 p,, filled with granular protoplasm. Smell and taste pleasant. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1790. C. Friesii Quel. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 23, fig. 2. Elias Fries, the eminent Swedish mycologist. P. 2-4 cm., orange, soon becoming ochraceous, convex, then de- pressed, thin, villose; margin scalloped. St. 2-4 cm. x 2-4 mm., yellow, pruinose, base white villose. Gills yellow, flesh colour, or orange, decurrent, fold-like, narrow, branched. Flesh white, yellowish under the cuticle. Spores pale ochre in the mass, hyaline under the micro- scope, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/n, 1-guttulate. Taste somewhat sour. Edible. Beech woods. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) C. aurantiacus (Wulf .) Fr. = Clitocybe aurantiaca (Wulf .) Studer. C hypnorum Brond. = Clitocybe hypnorum (Brond.) Rea. CANTHARELLTTS 543 1791. C. Brownii B. & Br. (= Naucoria pediades Fr. sec. Pat., a monstrous form described as a Ptychella.) Cke. Illus. no. 1058, t. 1106, fig. A. J. Brown. Entirely ochraceous white, or cream coloured. P. 10-15 mm., thin, convex, subumbonate, obscurely silky. St. 4-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., tough, nearly equal, somewhat furfuraceous, furnished with a little white, fibrillose mycelium at the base, which sometimes forms a small earthy ball. Gills fold-like, obtusely decurrent, rather distant, linear, very narrow, sometimes forked. Hymenium nearly white. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7 x 5-6/x,. Amongst grass. Autumn. Rare. 1792. C. carbonarius (A. & S.) Fr. (= Xerotus degener Fr. sec. Quel.; Cantharellus radicosus (B. & Br.) Fr.) Cke. Illus. no. 1059, t. 1105. Carbonarius, pertaining to charcoal P. 1-6 cm., date brown, then black, umbilicate, or infundibuliform, coriaceous, minutely squamulose\ margin lobed. St. 3 6 cm. x 3- 10 mm., paler than the pileus, rooting, striate, sometimes branched. Gills white, then glaucous, or grey, decurrent, straight, narrow. Flesh whitish. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 5-6/x, 2-3-guttulate. Cys- tidia fusiform, apex acute, 3-4/u, in diam., 95-120 x 13-14/z, very thick walled, upper portion incrusted. Charcoal heaps, and burnt ground. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1793. C. umbonatus (Gmel.) Fr. Umbonatus, umbonate. P. 1-5-4 cm., cinereous blackish, convex, umbonate, at length de- pressed, flocculosely- silky; margin incurved, white. St. 5-8 cm. x 7- 10 mm., concolorous, base white floccose, elastic, equal. Gills shining white, decurrent, thin, straight, crowded, repeatedly dichotomous. Flesh white, often becoming red when wounded. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 3^-4 fj,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Woods, and heaths. April Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1794. C. albidus Fr. Albidus, whitish. P. 1-2-5 cm., whitish, inclining to yellowish, or rufescent, convex, umbilicate, thin, lobed, slightly villose. St. 2-4 cm. x 4-8 mm., white, rarely yellowish, tough, flexuose. Gills white, then yellowish, decurrent, crowded, repeatedly dichotomous. Flesh white, yellowish under the cuticle. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5/a, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) **P. submembranaceous ; st. tubular, polished. 1795. C. tubaefonnis Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1061, t. 1108. Tuba, a trumpet ; forma, shape. P. 2-6 cm., fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry, fleshy- membranaceous, infundibuliform, deeply umbilicate, repand and lobed, 544 CANTHARELLTJS flocculose. St. 3-7 cm. x 3-8 mm., orange-tawny, at length compressed and lacunose. Gills yellow, then pruinose and greyish, fold-like, de- current, thick, distant, branched. Spores white, elliptical, 8-10 x 6/n. Woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. lutescens (Bull.) Fr. Lutescens, becoming yellowish. Differs from the type in the convexo-umbilicate, somewhat regular and rather even pileus, in the more equal stem, attenuated upwards and in the dichotomous gills being less divided. Woods. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 1796. C. infondibuliformis (Scop.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1062, t. 1109. Infundibulum, a funnel ; forma, shape. P. 25 cm., yellowish-cinereous, or fuliginous when moist, becoming pale when dry, submembranaceous, umbilicate, then infundibuliform, here and there pervious to the base, rugose, fibrillose. St. 4-8 cm. x 4-6 mm., light yellow, base somewhat thickened. Gills light yellowish, then pruinose and grey, fold-like, decurrent, thick, distant, branched, anastomosing. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 7-9 x 7 p. Woods. July Jan. Common, (v.v.) var. subramosus Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 97. Sub, somewhat; ramosus, branched. Differs from the type in the somewhat branched stems. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1797. C. lutescens (Pers.) Fr. (= Craterellus lutescens (Pers.) Fr. Hym. Eur.) Pers. Myc. Eur. n, t. 13, fig. 1, as Merulius xanthopus. Lutescens, becoming yellowish. P. 2-10 cm., fuscous, submembranaceous, tubaeform, soon pervious, undulated, flocculose. St. 5-10 x 1 cm., golden yellow, attenuated at the base, undulate. Gills yellow, inclining to reddish, or orange, fold- like, thin, flexuose, anastomosing. Flesh yellowish, deeper at the periphery. Spores white, elliptical, 10-12 x 6-7 -5 p. Smell strong, spirituous. Mountainous fir woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1798. C. cinereus (Pers.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1063, t. 1110, fig. A. Cinereus, colour of ashes. P. 2-5 cm., hoary fuliginous, becoming whitish, submembranaceous, infundibuliform, often pervious to the base of the stem, vittoso-squamu- lose. St. 3-8 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, then blackish, attenuated downwards, curved, fibrillosely-striate. Gills cinereous, then whitish pruinose, fold-like, decurrent, thick, distant, connected by veins, slightly branched. Flesh blackish Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5 /A. Smell pleasant, "like the Mirabelle plum" Quel. Woods. Sept. Nov Uncommon, (v.v.) CANTHARELLUS 545 1799. C. leucophaeus Nouel. Cke. lUus. no. 1064, t. 1111, fig. A. \evfcos, white; <f>aio<i, dusky. P. 23 cm., dusky brown, submembranaceous, tough, plane, then depressed or inf undibulif orm ; margin incurved, then reflexed. St. 34 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, or paler, slightly thickened at the base. Gills white, decurrent, distant, simple, or forked, with inter- mediate shorter ones. Spores white, elliptical, 9 x 5ju,. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1800. C. Houghtonii Phill. Cke. Elus. no. 1060, t. 1107, fig. B. Rev. William Houghton. P. 2-3 cm., dirty white with a tinge of flesh colour, thin, convex, umbilicate. St. 5 cm. x 2 mm., whitish, thickened at the apex, at first delicately fibrillose, base rooting, cottony. Gills pallid flesh colour, decurrent, narrow, scarcely forked. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 4jn. On the ground. Oct. 1801. C. cupulatus Fr. (= Cantharellus helvelloides (Bull.) Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 71, as Cantharellus helvelloides (Bull.) Quel. Cupulatus, pertaining to a little tub or cask. P. 10-15 mm., pallid fuscous when moist, becoming pale, somewhat rufescent when dry, membranaceous, plano-infundibuliform (exactly cup-shaped), repand, lobed, flocculose when dry; margin striate. St. 2-3 cm. x 3-5 mm., paler than the pileus, expanding into the pileus, tough, pruinose. Gills grey, decurrent, very distant, narrow, branched, with intermediate simple ones. Flesh greyish, becoming white. Spores white, pip-shaped, or elliptical with a lateral basal apiculus, 8-10 x 5-6/x,. Open heathy ground and old walls. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1802 C. Stevensonii B. & Br. Cke. Illus. no. 1064, t. 1111, fig. B. Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist. P. 4mm., pallid, orbicular, umbilicate; margin inflexed. St. 6 x 1 mm., white, then darker, cylindrical, delicately pulverulent. Gills pallid, becoming fuscous in front, decurrent. On rotten wood amongst moss. March April. Rare. 1803. C. replexus Fr. Replexus, bent back. P. 1-5 2-5 cm., fuscous, then cinereous, membranaceous, campanu- late, convex, expanded and inverted, striate St. 3-5 cm. x 2 mm., grey, thickened above. Gills white, then glaucous, adnato-decurrent, connected by veins, distant, branched, and dimidiate. On the ground amongst grass, moss, and leaves. Oct. Nov. var. devexus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1098, t. 1150, fig. A. Devexus, inclining downwards. Differs from the type in the cucullate pileus, and the simple, cinereous gills. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 6/n, 1-guttulate. Burnt ground, and amongst moss on heaths. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) B. B. B. 35 546 CANTHARELLTJS. CRATERELLUS C. muscigenus (Bull.) Fr. = Dictyolus muscigenus (Bull.) Quel. C. glaucus (Batsch) Fr. = Dictyolus glaucus (Batsch) Quel. C. retirugus (BuU.) Fr. = Dictyolus retirugus (Bull.) Quel. C. lobatus (Pers.) Fr. = Dictyolus lobatus (Pers.) Quel. Eeceptacle fleshy, membranaceous, funnel-shaped, or umbilicate. Hymenium veined, or smooth. Craterellas Fr. (Kparrjp, a large bowl.) Pileus fleshy, or membranaceous, funnel-shaped, or umbilicate. Stem central, confluent with the pileus. Hymenium smooth, be- coming wrinkled. Spores white, rarely pale ochraceous in the mass, elliptical, ovoid, or oblong elliptical, smooth, or punctate; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground. *Tubaeform, pervious to the base of the stem. C. lutescens (Pers.) Fr. = Cantharellus lutescens (Pers.) Fr. 1804. C. cornucopioides (Linn.) Fr. Berk. Outl. t. 19, fig. 6. Cornu copiae, horn of plenty; et8o<?, like. P. 3-5 cm., blackish fuliginous when moist, brownish when dry, sub- membranaceous, tubaeform, pervious, squamulose. St. 510 x 1 cm., black, dilated upwards into the pileus. Hymenium cinereous, even, at length wrinkled. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 11-15 x 6-8 //,. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) **Infundibuliform, st. stuffed. 1805. C. sinuosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 196, fig. 2. Sinuosus, undulated. P. 2-3 cm.,fuscous grey, slightly fleshy, infundibuliform, undulated, floccose. St. 2-5-4 cm. x 3-8 mm., grey, apex ochraceous. Hymenium grey, then ochraceous, at length with interwoven wrinkles. Spores pale ochraceous in the mass, elliptical, 7-9 x 5-6ju,, punctate. Smell none, or of musk. Woods. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1806. C. crispus (Sow.) Fr. Crispus, curled. P. 2-4 cm., fuliginous becoming fuscous, fleshy-membranaceous, in- fundibuliform, somewhat pervious, lobed, pruinose. St. 2-3 cm. x 4-8 mm., yellow, becoming greyish, pruinose. Hymenium pallid, even. Spores white, elliptical, 9-10 x 6-7 /u. Woods. Aug. Nov. Un- common, (v.v.) 1807. C. pusfflus Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 2. Pusillus, very little. P. 10-12 mm., cinereous, convex, umbilicate, thin, rugose, villose. St. 5-20 x 24 mm., grey, somewhat compressed. Hymenium bluish- DICTYOLUS 547 grey, smooth, or slightly wrinkled, pruinose. Spores white ovoid, or elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 /z, finely punctate. Beech woods, and under beeches. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) Receptacle membranaceous, spathulate, or cup-shaped pendant. Hymenium veined, or smooth. Dictyolus Quel. (= Cantharellus p.p.). (SiKTvov, network.) Pileus membranaceous, spathulate, or cup-shaped and pendant. Hymenium consisting of vein-like gills, anastomosing in a reticulate manner, or almost smooth. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, smooth. Cystidia none. Growing on wood, or on mosses. *P. attached by the apex, resupinate, then reflexed. 1808. D. retirugus (Bull.) Quel. (= Cantharellus retirugus (Bull.) FT.) Cke. Illus. no. 1066, t. 1112, fig. A, as Cantharellus retirugus Fr. Rete, a net; ruga, a wrinkle. P. 1-2 cm., cinereous, becoming whitish, pellucid, membranaceous, cup-shaped, then expanded, repando-lobed, very tender. Gills grey, or whitish, fold-like, radiating from the centre, connected by veins and reticulated, very tender. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 /z. On twigs, and mosses. April June. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1809. D. lobatus (Pers.) Quel. (= Cantharellus lobatus (Pers.) Fr.) Lobatus, lobed. P. 1-5-3 cm., dark fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry, pellucid, membranaceous, somewhat round, or reniform, then some- what lateral and lobed, white cottony at the base. Gills concolorous, fold-like, subdistant, distinct, branched. Spores white, broadly ellip- tical, 8-10 x 6-7 /A. On mosses, and Carices in bogs. April Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) D. cyphellaeformis (Berk.) Cost. & Duf. = Pleurotus cyphellaeformis Berk. **P. lateral, substipitate, or sessile. 1810. D. muscigenus (Bull.) Quel. (= Cantharellus muscigenus (Bull.) Fr.) Muscus, moss ; genus, born. P. 1-2-5 cm., fuscous when moist, cinereous whitish and zoned when dry, membranaceous, tough, spathulate, slightly undulate when full grown. St. 2-4 x 2-4 mm., lateral, villose at the base, horizontal and continuous with the pileus. Gills concolorous, slightly swollen, diverging from the apex of the stem, distant, branched. Spores white, pip-shaped, 7-9 x 4-6/x, 1-2-guttulate. On mosses. June Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 352 548 DICTYOLUS. NEUKOPHYLLUM. PAXILLUS 1811. D. glaucus (Batsch) Quel. (= Cantharellus glaucus (Batsch) FT.) Cke. Illus. no. 1065, t. 1115, fig. B, as Cantharellus glaucus Batsch. y\avKo<;, pale green. P. 1 cm., grey, pellucid, membranaceous, ligulate, ascending, silky. St. 2 x 1 mm., white, lateral, pruinose. Gills glaucous, then grey, fold- like, tumid, distant, forked. Spores white, "elliptical, 5-6 x 4/x" Karst. On sandy slopes, and on mosses. Sept. Nov. Uncommon. **Spores ochraceous. Receptacle fleshy coriaceous, stipitate. Hymenium fold-like. Neurophyllum Pat. (vevpov, a sinew; (f>v\\ov, a leaf.) Pileus fleshy coriaceous, irregular. Stem central, confluent with the pileus. Hymenium fold-like, thick, decurrent. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, or fusiform, smooth. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground. 1812. N. clavatum (Pers.) Pat. (= Craterellus clavatus (Pers.) Fr.) Krombh. t. 45, figs. 13-17, as Cantharellus clavatus. Clavatum, club-shaped. P. 3-15 cm., lilac, or rose colour, then flesh colour, and finally ochra- ceous, fleshy, turbinate, truncate, or depressed, flexuose, attenuated into the solid stem. St. 1-5 x 1-3 cm., whitish lilac, or amethyst, then pale, occasionally branched, obconic. Hymenium purplish, then concolorous, fold-like, thick, reticulated, reticulations anastomosing, decurrent. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, or fusiform, 10-12 x 4-5 fi, 1-2-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Mountainous fir woods ; the British record is beech woods. June Oct. Rare, (v.v.) BOLETINEAE. Hymenium soft, separable from the pileus, and lining the inside of pores, or pore-like gills. BOLETACEAE. Same characters as the suborder. 1. Hymenium spread over gills, which anastomose by veins, and form irregular pores, especially at the apex of the stem. Spores white, ochraceous, or ferruginous. Paxillus Fr. (Paxillus, a small stake.) Pileus fleshy, regular, excentric, dimidiate, or resupinate. Stem central, excentric, lateral, or none, confluent with the pileus. Gills decurrent, soft, almost mucilaginous, separable, often anastomosing. Spores white, ochraceous, reddish, or ferruginous; elliptical, pip- shaped, or globose, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on the ground, or on wood. PAXILLUS 549 I. P. entire, central. Spores dirty white, only in P. panaeolus with a tendency to ferruginous. 1813. P. giganteus (Sow.) Fr. (= Clitocybe gigantea (Sow.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 150, t. 106, as Clitocybe gigantea Sow. 7/<ya<, a giant. Entirely tan white. P. 3-30 cm., fleshy, convex, then plane, or de- pressed, then plano-infundibuliform, soft, minutely adpresso-squamu- lose, often guttate, the whole surface under a lens clothed with a fine matted silkiness ; margin strongly involute and pubescent at first, then spreading, and becoming smooth, at length revolute and sulcate with small shallow channels, often splitting. St. 3-7-5 x 2-5 cm., equal, or attenuated upwards, base subbulbous, smooth, or minutely pubescent. Gills whitish, then tan colour, subdecurrent, often branched and anasto- mosing, narrow, or broad, very crowded. Flesh white, very firm, thin at the margin. Spores whitish, broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6/x, 1-3- guttulate. Smell pleasant, taste mild. Edible. Often forming large rings. Pastures, heaths, rarely in woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncom- mon, (v.v.) 1814. P. Alexandri Fr. (= Clitocybe gilva Fr. sec. Quel.) P. Alexandra. P. 5-7-5 cm., fawn colour, fleshy, compact, plane, then depressed, dry, unpolished; margin closely involute, somewhat striate when expanded. St. 12 mm. x 2-5-3 cm., ventricose. Gills boxwood colour, subdecurrent, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellow. Spores whitish. Amongst moss in woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1815. P. lepista Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 164, fig. 1. \67raa-Tr), a drinking vessel. P. 410 cm., dingy whitish, fleshy, convex, then plane and depressed, obtuse, rimuloso-squamulose towards the circumference, dry; margin involute, often undulato-flexuose, smooth. St. 2-5-10 cm. x 12- 15 mm., whitish, sometimes rufescent, or inclining to fuscous, equal, or attenuated downwards, always blunt at the white villose base, cuticle somewhat horny and continuous with the hymenophore. Gills dingy white, at length darker, deeply decurrent, somewhat branched, simple at the base, 3-6 mm. broad, very crowded. Flesh whitish, compact, or thin, spongy-elastic in the st. Spores reddish, becoming fuscous pallid, elliptical, 7-8 x 5jn. Cystidia none. Smell mealy, often rather rancid. Woods, and pastures. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1816. P. extenuatus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 164, fig. 2. Extenuatus, thinned. P. 3-7-5 cm., clay, or becoming fuscous tan, fleshy, convex, gibbous, then expanded, obtuse, tough, smooth, moist; margin involute, pubescent, at length expanded, rigid-fragile. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-12 mm., 550 PAXILLUS pallid, somewhat horny, elastic, fibrillose, firm, conico-elongate, or clavate, becoming more equal; base incrassated, rooting, and con- densing the earth into a large ball. Gills whitish, then mouse colour, arcuate, very narrow, 3-4 mm. broad, linear, very crowded. Flesh watery whitish, rigid, compact at the disc, very thin at the margin, spongy in the st., scissile. Spores white, "elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 p, smooth. Cystidia none" Rick. Grassy places in pine woods. Oct. Rare. 1817. P. panaeolus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 863, t. 874, fig. A. 7rai/ai'oXo9, all- variegated. Entirely whitish, the st. becoming rufescent. P. 2-5 cm., fleshy, convexo-plane, then somewhat depressed, smooth; margin thin, in- volute. St. 3-5 cm. x 3-6 mm., attenuated upwards or downwards, striato-fibrillose. Gills at length watery-ferruginous, slightly de- current, narrow, crowded, separated from the hymenophore by a horny line, and readily separating from the p. Flesh becoming black, thin. Spores very pale ferruginous, globose, 5{j,, 1-guttulate. Coni- ferous woods. Oct. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) var. spilomaeolus Fr. trTrtXeo/xa, a spot; atoXo?, variegated. Differs from the type in the yellowish white p. spotted as with drops, in the slender, yellowish white st. and in the gills being horny grey at the base. Amongst fir leaves. Oct. Rare. 1818. P. orcelloides Cke. & Massee. Cke. Illus. no. 863, t. 874, fig. B Orcella, the species Cliptopilus orcella; etSo?, like. P. 2-5 cm., snow white, becoming stained with livid or greyish blotches, fleshy, convex, then flattened, minutely silky, shining; margin thin, persistently incurved. St. 2-5-6 cm. x 3-6 mm., ochraceous, gradually tapering to the base, elastic, silky fibrillose. Gills whitish, then livid, at length dingy yellowish brown, adnato-decurrent, crowded, 3 mm. broad, separated from the flesh of the p. by a horny line. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores pale dingy ochraceous, elliptical, 5-8 x 3-4/A, 1-guttulate. Woods, and amongst grass. Sept. Nov. Rare. (ft*.) 1819. P. lividus Cke. Cke. Ulus. no. 864, t. 861. Lividus, of a leaden colour. P. 2-5-5 cm., dingy white, or livid ochraceous, opaque, convex, at length slightly depressed at the disc. St. 7-5-10 x 1 cm., white, attenuated downwards, fibrillose. Gills white, decurrent, arcuate, 3 mm. broad, almost crowded. Flesh whitish, thick at the disc. Spores nearly white, globose, 3-3-5/n. Smell pleasant. Woods. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) PAXILLUS 551 1820. P. revolutus Cke. Cke. Illus. no. 865, t. 862. Revolutus, rolled back. P. 2-5-4 cm., pale ochraceous, disc slightly darker, fleshy, convex, obtuse; margin thin, even, sometimes at first tinged with violet, a little revolute. St. 3-5 x 1 cm., paler than the p., often tinted violet at the base, attenuated downwards. Gills pallid, then clay coloured, very decurrent, scarcely crowded. Flesh white, thin at the margin. Spores pale, globose, 3-5-4/u,. Smell mealy. Fields. Oct. Uncommon, II. P. commonly excentric, or resupinate. Spores ferruginous. 1821 . P. paradoxus (Kalchbr.) Quel. (= Flammula paradoxa Kalchbr. ; Flammula Tammii Fr. sec. Bres.; Phylloporus Pelletieri (Lev.) Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 207, as Phylloporus rhodoxanthus (Schw.) Bres. Tra/aaSofo?, strange. P. 5-8 cm., deep rufous umber, or yellowish brown, fleshy, convex, or pulvinate, then plane, adpressedly tomentose, becoming smooth, dry; margin often lobed and sinuate. St. 3-5 cm. x 6-15 mm., yellow, often with a dingy purplish tinge, bulbous, or attenuated at the base, equal, or fusiform, somewhat rooted, adpressedly fibrillose, the cuticle often breaking up into squarrosely revolute flaps. Gills yellow, then golden, becoming reddish when bruised, decurrent, distant, the alternate ones broader, connected by veins at the base, and in some cases anastomosing to form pores towards the margin. Flesh reddish, becoming yellow, soft, juicy. Spores lurid ochraceous, oblong, 12-13 x 4-5 fj,, often 2-guttulate. Cystidia "almost flask-shaped-lanceolate, 60-70 x 9-15 ju," Rick. Woods. Aug. Nov. Rather uncommon, (v.v.) 1822. P. involutus (Batsch) Fr. Involutus, rolled in. P. 7-20 cm., ochrey ferruginous, fleshy, convexo-plane, then de- pressed, for the most part central, pubescent, soon becoming smooth, somewhat viscid when moist, shining when dry; margin obtuse, villous, closely involute, then extenuated and acute. St. 5-8 x 1-4 cm., dingy yellowish, generally spotted, thickened upwards, more rarely bulbous at the base, naked. Gills pallid, then ferruginous, at once dingy-spotted when touched, decurrent, rather broad, branched behind, and often anastomosing and forming pores near the st. Flesh pallid, or yellowish, compact, soft. Spores deep ochraceous, elliptical, 8-10 x 5-7 JLI. Cys- tidia "lanceolate, 60-75 x 8-15/i" Rick. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. excentricus Fr. eKicevrpos, out of the centre. Differs from the type in the excentric p. and short st. On^trunks, and stumps. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. subinvolutus (Batsch) W. G. Sm. Sub, somewhat; involutus, rolled in. Differs from the type in the less involute margin of the p. 552 PAXILLTJS 1823. P. porosus Berk. Tropo?, a pore. P. 10-11 cm., reddish claret, or olive brown, fleshy, viscid when moist; margin thin, even, not involute. St. 8-9 x 1-5-2 cm., claret brown, darker below, excentric, tough, equal, or attenuated downwards, somewhat reticulate above with the pores. Gills yellow to sulphur green, changing to pale blue, and then brownish when bruised, dull green when old, decurrent, shallow, poriform, pores round to elongate, irregular large to small. Flesh dull pale vinous brown, mottled and streaked, darker and changing colour in the st. Smell very strong, un- pleasant. Moist woods under firs. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1824. P. leptopus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 164, fig. 3. XeTTTo?, thin; TTOU?, foot. P. 4-8 cm., fuscous yellowish, always excentric, or lateral, at length depressed, but gibbous at the disc, fleshy, dry, covered with dense down, soon torn up into dense, villose, fuscous, or yellowish scales. St. 1-2-5 x 1 cm.; lemon-yellow-olivaceous, short, attenuated downwards, somewhat incurved. Gills yellowish, then darker, not spotted when touched, de- current, simple, not anastomosing, tense and straight, very narrow, crowded. Flesh yellow, thin at the margin. Spores "pale dingy yellow, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 5/x" Massee. Woods, bogs, and on stumps. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1825. P. atrotomentosus (Batsch) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 869, t. 876. Ater, black; tomentosus, woolly. P. 5-30 cm., ferruginous, fleshy, excentric, convex, then plano- infundibuliform, sometimes wholly lateral and ascending, dry, rivuloso-granular, sometimes also slightly tomentose; margin thin, involute. St. 5-8 x 1-2-5 cm., covered over with dense, soft, umber blackish, or inclining to violaceous, velvety down, elastic, somewhat equal, curved, ascending, rooting. Gills yellowish, adnate, scarcely decurrent, branched at the base, somewhat anastomosing, 6 mm. broad, crowded, easily separating from the sulcate hymenophore. Flesh white, compact, firm. Spores pale ochraceous, broadly elliptical, 4-6 x 3-1/n, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Taste mild. Edible. Pine woods and on pine stumps. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1826. P. crassus Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 870, t. 877. Crassus, thick. P. 5-7*5 cm., becoming ferruginous, fleshy, oblique, almost plane, becoming smooth. St. 1-2 x 1 cm., concolorous, tapering downwards, excentric, ascending. Gills cinnamon, decurrent, straight, 4 mm. broad, subdistant. Flesh somewhat concolorous, thick, soft, spongy. Spores "ferruginous, elliptical, 15-18 x 7-8 /tt" Cke. On trunks, worked wood, ground of rifle butts, and in woods. Nov. Rare. PAXILLTJS. GYROPORUS 553 1827. P. panuoides Fr. (= Paxillus lamellirugus (DC.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 871, t. 878. Panus, the genus Panus; eZSo?, like. Entirely dingy yellow. P. 2-5 cm., fleshy, sessile, or extended, and at the first resupinate, soon conchate, dimidiate and obovate, at length broadly expanded, undulato-lobed, and often imbricated, pubescent, becoming smooth, somewhat rivulose. Gills yellow, decurrent to the base, anastomosing behind, branched, crisped, crowded. Flesh cream colour, becoming whitish, soft, equal, thin. Spores ochraceous, ellip- tical, 5 x 3/u,. Cystidia none. Smell often very fragrant. On sawdust, rotten pine stumps, and wood. June Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. fagi (B. & Br.) Cke. Fagus, beech. Differs from the type in being crisped, pallid upwards, orange beneath and having orange gills. Gregarious. Beech stumps. Sept. Oct. Rare. 2. Hymenium lining the inside of fleshy tubes. Spores white, or pale yellowish. Gyroporus (Quel.) Pat. (=Boletus p.p.). (yvpos, round; Tropo?, pore.) Pileus fleshy, tomentose, or smooth. Stem central, velvety, or glabrous, externally firm, fragile, internally spongy, often cavernous, base immersed in the soil. Pores white, then often yellowish, entire, round; tubes concolorous, free. Flesh white, firm, sometimes be- coming blue on exposure to the air. Spores white, or pale yellowish, oval, elliptical, pip-shaped, or elliptic-oblong, smooth. Cystidia cla- vate. Growing on the ground. 1828. G. cyanescens (Bull.) (= Boletus cyanescens (Bull.) Fr.) Quel. Rostk. Bol. t. 44, as Boletus cyanescens Bull. KVO.VOS, dark blue. P. 5-13 cm., subfuscous, or tan, convexo-expanded, adpressedly tomentose, floccosely-scaly, opaque. St. 5-9 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, ventricose, villoso-pruinose, firm, fragile, stuffed with a spongy pith, at length cavernous. Tubes white, at length light yellow, becoming bluish when touched, free; orifice of pores minute, round. Flesh white, in- stantly becoming deep indigo blue on exposure to the air, pouring out an azure blue juice when compressed, firm. Spores whitish, elliptical, often with a basal apiculus, 8-9 x 4-5 /n, multi-guttulate. Woods. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1829. G. lacteus (Lev.) Quel. (= Boletus cyanescens (Bull.) Fr.) Lacteus, milk-white. P. 10-15 cm., pure white, convex, gibbous, minutely tomentose. St. 9-12 x 4-6 cm., pure white, incrassated at the base, firm, velvety, stuffed with a spongy pith and cavernous, at length hollowed out. Tubes white, free, short; orifice of pores white, minute, round, or 554 GYROPOBUS. TYLOPILUS angular. Flesh white, becoming deep indigo blue on exposure to the air, spongy, thick at the disc, thin at the margin of the p. Spores white, pip-shaped, 8-9 x 4-5/i, 3-5-guttulate. Woods. Aug. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 1830. G. castaneus (Bull.) Quel. (= Boletus castaneus (Bull.) Fr. ; Gyroporus fulvidus (Fr.) Pat. sec. Quel.) Holland, Champ, t. 79, no. 177. Castanea, chestnut. P. 5-10 cm., cinnamon, or chestnut coloured, convex, then expanded, or depressed, firm, minutely velvety. St. 5-7 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, attenuated upwards from the somewhat bulbous base, minutely velvety, stuffed, then hollow. Tubes white, becoming yellowish, free, short; orifice of pores white, then yellowish, minute, round. Flesh white, very firm. Spores white, or pale yellow, elliptical, 8-9 x 5-6 /u,, often 1- guttulate. Taste pleasant, nutty. Edible. Woods, rarely in pastures under trees. Aug. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1831. G. fulvidus (Fr.) Pat. (= Boktus fulvidus Fr. ; Gyroporus casta- neus (Bull.) Quel.) Rostk. Bol. t. 45, as Boktus fulvidus Fr. Fulvidus, somewhat tawny. P. 5-9 cm., becoming tawny, convex, then plane, rigid, firm, smooth, shining. St. 47 x 1-5-2*5 cm., concolorous, equal, firm, smooth, shining, stuffed, then hollow. Tubes white, then citron yellow, free, elongated; orifice of pores white, then lemon yellow, angular. Flesh white, becoming yellowish, firm. Spores "yellowish, elliptic- oblong, 10-11 x 5/u" Massee. Taste pleasant. Edible. Heaths, and under trees. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. Spores pink. Tylopilus Karst (= Boletus p.p.). (rv\o<;, a knot; TrtXo?, cap.) Pileus villose, or glabrescent. Stem central, reticulate, apex granular, or smooth. Tubes white, then pinkish, adnate, or sinuate, long, or short; orifice of pores concolorous, angular, or round. Flesh un- changeable, or slightly pinkish when exposed to the air. Spores pink, fusiform, or oblong, smooth. Growing on the ground. 1832. T. felleus (BuU.) Karst. (= Boletus felkus (Bull.) Fr.) Rostk. Bol. t. 43, as Boletus felkus Bull. Fel, gall. P. 6-10 cm., pak yellowish, chestnut, or tawny, pulvinate, or hemi- spherical, then expanded, fleshy, smooth. St. 7-8 x 2-3 cm., con- colorous, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, tomentosely reticulated. Tubes white, then flesh colour, adnate, convex, long; orifice of pores white, then pinkish, fairly broad, angular. Flesh white, be- coming flesh colour, thick, soft. Spores pink, fusiform, or oblong, 12-14 x 3-4-5/Lt, 2-3-guttulate. Taste very Utter. Poisonous. Woods, especially on calcareous soil. July Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) TYLOPILTJS. PHAEOPORUS. STROBILOMYCES 555 1833. T. alutarius (Fr.) Rea. (= Boletus alutarius Fr.) Aluta, tanned leather. P. 7-10 cm,, fuscous tan, pulvinate, or convex, then expanded, soft, velvety, becoming smooth. St. 6-8 x 2-3 cm., concolorous, bulbous, somewhat smooth, apex rugose. Tubes white, becoming pinkish, de- pressed round the st., short, plane; orifice of pores white, becoming fuscous when bruised, round. Flesh white, unchangeable, soft. Spores pink. Taste mild. Woodland pastures. Oct. Rare. Spores purple. Phaeoporus Bataille (= Boletus p.p.). ($ato9, dusky; 770/309, pore.) Pileus tomentose, or velvety-silky. Stem central, blackish bistre, velvety, or glabrous. Tubes grey, or pinkish grey, sinuate, or free, fairly long; orifice of pores concolorous, becoming greenish blue when touched. Flesh compact, becoming blue, or grey when exposed to the air. Spores fuscous purple, elliptic-fusiform, smooth. Growing on the ground. 1834. P. porphyrosporus (Fr.) Bat. (= Boletus porphyrosporus Fr.) Boud. Icon. t. 149, as Boletus porphyrosporus Fr. 7rop<j>vpa, purple; <nropd, seed. P. 5-15 cm., olivaceous, or brownish fuliginous, becoming blackish when bruised, hemispherical, then convex, fleshy, minutely velvety. St. 712 x 1-5-3 cm., concolorous, attenuated upwards from the thickened, paler base, velvety. Tubes pale grey or olivaceous, adnate, fairly long; orifice of pores yellowish, becoming bluish green when bruised and staining white paper an emerald green colour, broad, angular. Flesh dirty white, becoming bluish, or fuliginous, compact. Spores dull, or brownish purple, fusiform, 14-16 x 3-4 /u, 2-4-guttu- late. Smell strong. Woods and pastures under trees. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. fuligineus (Fr.) Bat. (= Boktus fuligineus Fr.) Fuligineus, sooty. Differs from the type in the villosely silky p. and glabrous st. Under conifers. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) Spores blackish, or fuscous. Pileus covered with imbricate scales. Strobilomyces Berk. (arpoyStXo?, a fir cone; fjujter)*;, fungus.) Pileus fleshy, firm, floccose, clothed with large, imbricate scales. Stem firm, rigid, woolly, or scaly, annulate. Tubes white, then greyish bistre, adnate, long, orifice of pores concolorous, angular. Flesh floc- cose, not putrescent, firm, light, becoming reddish, or bluish grey, and finally blackish on exposure to the air. Spores blackish purple, subglobose, verrucose. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground. 556 STROBILOMYCES. BOLETINUS. GYRODON 1835. S. strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk. (= Boletus strobilaceus (Scop.) Fr.) Eostk. Bol. t. 38, as Boletus strobilaceus Scop. crTp6/3i\os, a fir cone. P. 5-10 cm., white, becoming brownish or blackish umber, pulvinate, then convex, broken up into large, thick, fioccose scales ; margin appen- diculate with the white floccose veil. St. 7-15 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, equal, apex white, sulcately reticulated, floccosely scaly below the ring. Ring white, floccose, thick. Tubes white, becoming brownish, adnate, or with a decurrent tooth, long; orifice of pores white, be- coming reddish when touched or bruised, broad, angular. Flesh white, becoming reddish and finally blackish bistre, thick, floccose. Spores blackish purple, subglobose, verrucose, 9-11 x 8-9 /x. Smell pleasant. Deciduous and coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, or olivaceous. Tubes short, alveolar, decurrent. Boletinus Kalchbr. (Boletinus, diminutive of Boletus.) Pileus dry, fibrillosely scaly. Stem central, hollow, bulbous, woolly. Ring white, floccose, thick. Pores large, alveolar, compound, re- ticulately decurrent on the stem. Flesh yellow, unchangeable. Spores yellow, elliptic-fusiform, smooth. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground and on mossy trunks. 1836. B. cavipes (Opatowski) Klotzsch. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 31. Cavus, hollow; pes, foot. P. 3-8 cm., tawny, or brownish tawny, convex, subumbonate, fibril- losely scaly, fleshy. St. 5-8 x -5-1 cm., lemon yellow above the ring, concolorous below, subequal, or attenuated upwards, thickened at the base and rooting, incurved, tough, stuffed, then hollow especially at the base, apex reticulate, rough or fibrillosely scaly. Ring white, floccose, thick, evanescent. Tubes yellow, or sulphur coloured, becoming greenish or olivaceous, compound, broad, honey-comb-like, decurrent. Flesh becoming yellow in the p., white in the st., firm. Spores yellow, elliptic-fusiform, 10/t. Taste pleasant. Edible. Under larches and on mossy beech trunks. Sept. Oct. Rare. Tubes very short, gyroso-plicate. Gyrodon Opatowski. (yvpos, round; o8(av, a tooth.) Pileus fleshy, viscid, or villose. Stem central, smooth, or punctate. Tubes very short, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores sinuous, torn, or gyroso-plicate. Spores ochraceous, or olivaceous,elliptical,elliptic cylin- drical, or fusiform, smooth. Growing on the ground, often fasciculate. GYBODON. BOLETUS 557 1837. G. caespitosus Massee. Caespes, a clump. P. 2-5-5 cm., olivaceous umber, becoming paler towards the margin, hemispherical, dry, tomentose; margin pale pink, wavy, acute. St. 4-8 x 2-3 cm., yellow, dingy red at the base, connate, ventricose, glabrous. Tubes yellow, subadnate, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores yellow, very irregular, elongate, sinuous. Flesh yellow, instantly changing to intense blue, then fading to a dirty white, and finally rufous, dingy red at the base of the St., thick, firm. Spores pale olive, narrowly elliptical, 12 x 4jit. Densely fasciculate. Under trees amongst grass. Aug. Bare. 1838. G. sistotrema Fr. o-eierro?, shaking; rpr}fj,a, a hole. P. 6-8 cm., reddish, or brownish olive, convex, then flattened, gla- brous, or minutely pubescent, thin, dry. St. 5-7 x 1 cm., pale lemon yellow, becoming reddish, equal, or enlarged below, smooth. Tubes yellow tawny, or pale sulphur, adnate, very short; orifice of pores yellow, becoming tawny, sinuous, round, becoming gyroso-plicate. Flesh cream colour, tawny under the cuticle of the p., firm. Spores "cream- olive, elliptic cylindrical, 10-14/A long, guttulate " Quel. Taste some- what sharp. Coniferous woods. Aug. Oct. Rare. var. brachyporus (W. G. Sm.) Rea. ftpaxvs, small; jropos, pore. Differs from the type in the white p., the white st. sulphur coloured below, and in the flesh changing to pale green. 1839. G. rabellus McWeeney. Rubellus, reddish. P. 1-1-5 cm., red, with a tinge of purple at the disc, becoming yellowish towards the margin, convex, even, smooth, dry. St. 1 cm. x 3 mm., bright yellow, equal, smooth, even. Tubes pale yellow, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores bright yellow, linear, elongate, sinuous, dissepiments thick. Flesh yellow, unchangeable, firm. Spores greenish olive, cylindric fusiform, with a minute basal apiculus, 10 x 4/z. Amongst moss. Oct. Rare. Tubes long. Boletus (Dill.) Pat. (/3<wAo9, a clod.) Pileus fleshy, dry, glabrous, tomentose, silky, viscid, or glutinous. Stem central, equal, ventricose, or bulbous ; dry, glabrous, tomentose, or viscid, sometimes reticulate; with or without a ring. Tubes long, adnate, sinuato-adnate, or decurrent, rarely free; orifice of pores round, angular, unequal, or toothed, often compound. Flesh thick, soft, putrescent. Spores ochraceous, ferruginous, olivaceous, or fuscous, rarely colourless, fusiform, oblong-elliptic, elliptical, or pip- shaped, smooth. Cystidia present. Growing on the ground, solitary, gregarious, caespitose, or subcaespitose. 558 BOLETUS I. Pores angular, or large, rarely round, often unequal, or toothed; tubes often compound, sometimes connate, long or rather short, more or less adnate, sometimes decurrent, rarely slightly sinuate. P. dry, glabrous, tomentose, silky or glutinous. St. often slightly thick, sometimes furnished with a ring, rarely reticulate at the apex. Plants of medium, or small size, rarely large. A. P. glutinous, or viscid, at least in wet weather, never pruinosely granular. Pores, tubes, and flesh of various colours. 1. St. annulate. *Pores yellow; spores yellow olivaceous. 1840. B. sphaerocephalus Barla. Barla, Champ. Nice, t. 36. <r<f>alpa, a ball; K^a\rj, head. P. 10-20 cm., ochraceous yellow, deeper coloured at the centre, and sometimes tinged with brown, globose, viscid; margin light yellow, ap- pendiculate with fragments of the ring. St. 4-6 x 3-4 cm., tawny yellow, becoming darker, furrowed. Ring yellowish, membranaceous, shaggy, usually fugacious. Tubes bright yellow, becoming tawny or brownish with age, short, decurrent; orifice of pores round, or angular. Flesh light yellow, bluish under the cuticle, very thick, soft, watery. Spores olivaceous, fusiform, 8-10 x 3-4/z, 2-guttulate. On the ground, and on rotten sawdust. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1841. B. luteus (Linn.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 78, no. 174. Luteus, yellow. P. 4-14 cm., fuscous with the dark separating gluten, becoming paler, convex, gibbous, then pulvinate. St. 5-10 x 2-3 cm., whitish, be- coming fuscous below the ring, apex light yellow and granular, equal, firm. Ring cream colour, becoming fuscous, membranaceous, large. Tubes yellow, adnate; orifice of pores yellow, round. Flesh whitish, or yellowish, thick, soft. Spores yellowish brown, elliptic-fusiform, 8-10 x 3-3-5/>i, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1842. B. elegans (Schum.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. 1. 183, as Boletus luteus. Elegans, nice. P. 4-10 cm., golden, or inclining to ferruginous, convexo-plane, viscid. St. 5-7 x 1-5-2 cm., golden, then rufescent, firm, unequal, apex reticulate with granules. Ring cream colour, often torn and fugacious. Tubes golden-sulphur-yellow, decurrent; orifice of pores angular. Flesh light yellowish, soft. Spores yellowish, oblong elliptic, 8-9 x 3-3-5^,, 2-4-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods, and under conifers. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) BOLETUS 559 var. flavus (With.) Eea. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 132, as Boletus flavus With. Flavus, light yellow. Differs from the type in the adnate tubes, the larger orifice of the greyish yellow pores, and the paler flesh which is rosy when broken. Coniferous woods. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. pulchellus (Fr.) Rea. Fr. Icon. t. 178, fig. 1, as Boletus pulchellus Fr. Pulchellus, beautiful little. Differs from the type in its smaller size, 3-4 cm. broad, its short, smooth, yellow St., its less viscid, greenish yellow p., its narrow, linear ring and its rosy flesh. Coniferous woods. July Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 1843. B. flavidus Fr. Krombh. t. 4, figs. 35-37. Flavidus, light yellow. P. 2-5 cm., livid light yellowish, campanulate, umbonate, then plane and gibbous, viscid, radiately wrinkled. St. 5-7-5 x 4-6 mm., whitish tinged with yellow, subequal, tough, mealy, sometimes striate, apex sprinkled with fugacious glandules; base white, cottony. Ring gela- tinous, greenish white, thin, narrow; margin floccose, viscid. Tubes dirty light yellow, decurrent ; orifice of pores large, angular, compound. Flesh yellowish, reddish on exposure to the air, thin, firm. Spores "subhyaline, elongato-ellipsoid, straight, 8-10 x 3-5-4 /z" Karst. Taste pleasant. Pine woods. July Oct. Uncommon. **Pores white, grey, or green. Spores brownish. 1844. B. viscidus (Linn.) Fr. (= Boletus laricinus Berk. sec. Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 178, fig. 3. Viscidus, viscid. P. 5-10 cm., dirty white with livid stains, or dingy yellowish, cam- panulato-convex, pulvinate, viscid, floccose, rugose. St. 5-9 x 1- 1-5 cm., white, becoming yellow or greyish, equal, or thickened at the base, viscid, floccose, apex reticulate. Ring white, membranaceous, large, thin, often torn. Tubes white, then greyish or tinged greenish, adnate, subdecurrent ; orifice of pores large, unequal, compound, often toothed. Flesh white, watery, soft. Spores brownish, oblong elliptical, 11-13 x 4-5/n, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially under larches. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2. St. exannulate. *Pores yellowish, yellow, golden, or orange; spores yellow. P. never white. 1845. B. collinitus Fr. Lucand, Champ, t. 240. Collinitus, besmeared. P. 56 cm., chestnut, becoming pale when the fuscous gluten separates, and veined with brown, convex, pulvinate. St. 5-7-5 x 1-5-2-5 cm., 560 BOLETUS white, becoming fuscous, firm, attenuated downwards, somewhat re- ticulated with adpressed squamules. Tubes pallid, then yellow, adnate, elongated; orifice of pores divided into two, rather large. Flesh white, brownish under the adnate cuticle of the p., firm. Spores "8-10 x 4ju," Guill. Taste pleasant. Edible. Pine woods. Nov. Bare. 1846. B. granulatus (Linn.) Fr. Eolland, Champ, t. 78, no. 175. Granulatus, granulated. P. 4-8 cm., fuscous ferruginous, becoming yellowish when the gluten disappears, convexo-expanded, smooth. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., light yellowish, subequal, often attenuated upwards, dotted with granules upwards', base white, cottony. Tubes sulphur yellow, adnate, short; orifice of pores at first dripping with white milk, granulated when the milk dries, simple, subcircular. Flesh light yellowish under the separable pellicle of the p., soft. Spores yellow ferruginous, oblong elliptical, 8-10 x 3-4/z, 2-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Gregarious. Coni- ferous woods, and under pines. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1847. B. tenuipes (Cke.) Massee. Tennis, thin; pes, foot. P. 2-55 cm., yellowish brown, or gilvous, convex, then almost plane, viscid, streaked with minute fibrils when dry. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-8 mm., yellow, attenuated at the base, smooth. Tubes yellowish, adnate, short- ened round the st., about 6 mm. long; orifice of pores rather large, angular. Flesh white, rosy under the cuticle of the p., thick. Spores pale yellow, fusiform, 10 x 3/i. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, and heaths. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1848. B. badius Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 5. Badius, bay-brown. P. 3-15 cm., bay-brown-tawny, hemispherical, pulvinate, viscid, then pubescent, often shining when dry. St. 6-10 x 2-3 cm., paler, subequal, sometimes attenuated upwards, sometimes downwards, brown pruinate. Tubes cream, or citron yellow, turning immediately bluish green when touched, adnate, or sinuato-depressed, long; orifice of pores angular, rather large. Flesh yellowish, becoming azure blue, then somewhat brownish, thick, soft. Spores light yellow, oblong fusi- form, 13-15 x 4-5-6jLt, 1-multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially coniferous woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1849. B. paludosus Massee. Paludosus, marshy. P. 7-5-10 cm., bright rufous brown, paler when dry, slightly convex, then quite plane, slightly viscid, smooth. St. 7-5-12-5 x 1-1-5 cm., rather paler than the p., equal, smooth, base attenuated. Tubes yellow, then olive green, adnate, or subdecurrent, short, about 4mm. long; orifice of pores large, angular, compound. Flesh with a very pale tinge of brown, firm, thin. Spores olive, elongato-fusiform, 16 x 4/x. Gre- garious. Bogs, amongst Sphagnum. Sept. Rare. BOLETUS 561 1850. B. rutilus Fr. Rutilus, red, inclining to golden yellow. P. 5-7-5 cm., rufescent brick colour, pulvinate, viscid, smooth. St. 4 cm. x 6-8 mm., sulphur above, red below, equal, smooth, firm. Tubes sulphur yellow, opaque, adnate, sinuato-depressed; orifice of pores minute, regular. Flesh of st. somewhat ochraceous, almost becoming black when broken. Smell strong. Oak woods. Oct. Eare. 1851. B. aurantiporus Howse. Aurantius, orange; 77-0/309, pore. P. 5-6 cm., fulvous ferruginous, then pale gilvous, convex, then ex- panded, adpressedly squamulose, viscid. St. 4-7-5 x 1-1-5 cm., yellow, equal, beautifully reticulated with yellow and red. Tubes golden yellow, then orange, turning red when bruised, deeply decurrent; orifice of pores broad, angular. Flesh yellowish, often tinged reddish, thin at the margin, firm. Spores yellow, oblong elliptical, or subfusiform, 9-10 x 4-5/x, 1-4-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Coniferous woods, and under yew trees. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) **Pores becoming olive, bistre olive, brown olive, or olive rust or rust colour; tubes short; spores concolorous. P. sometimes white. 1852. B. bovinus (Linn.) Fr. Krombh. t. 75, figs. 1-6. Bovinus, pertaining to oxen. P. 5-10 cm., pale reddish yellow, dull orange yellow, or deep buff, hemispherical, then convex, smooth, viscid; margin white, often tomentose. St. 5-10 x 1 cm., concolorous, or paler, equal, smooth, base whitish. Tubes grey light yellow, becoming ferruginous, subde- current, at first very shallow like those of Merulius lacrymans, then elongating with age; orifice of pores compound, toothed. Flesh yellow- ish-flesh colour, reddish in the st., soft. Spores yellow, or olivaceous, oblong fusiform, 8-10 x 3-3-5 ju., 1-multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Gregarious, or subcaespitose. Woods and heaths, especially near pines. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1853. B. piperatus (Bull.) Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 6, Piperatus, peppery. P. 210 cm., cinnamon, or yellow to pale yellowish, convexo-plane, smooth, slightly viscid. St. 4-12 x -5-1-5 cm., concolorous, fragile, equal, or attenuated at the base, containing yellow milk at the base, and springing from a yellow mycelium. Tubes ferruginous, decurrent; orifice of pores large, angular, often toothed. Flesh sulphur yellow, tinged reddish in the p., soft. Spores brownish, oblong elliptic, &-10 x 3-4 p,, 1-3-guttulate. Taste very acrid, or peppery. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) B. P. dry, rarely moist when wet, tomentose, silky, pruinose, powdery, or granular, sometimes squamulose. Pores yellowish, or yellow, rarely slightly olivaceous or red. Flesh yellow, rarely cream, or white. Spores yellow, rarely tawny bistre. 562 BOLETUS 1854. B. variegatus (Swartz) Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 16. Variegatus, variegated. P. 6-12-5 cm., dark yellow, or ochraceous, sprinkled tvith fasciculate- hairy, superficial, brown squamules, convex, then plane, obtuse, slightly moist; margin acute, at first flocculose. St. 5-8 x 1-2-5 cm., dark yellow, or straw colour, sometimes reddish, firm, equal, base white. Tubes brown, or yellow olive, then cinnamon, adnate; orifice of pores round. Flesh yellow becoming here and there azure blue. Spores green- ish ochre, oblong elliptic, 9-10 x 3-4/z,. Smell unpleasant, "of chlorine" Quel. Coniferous woods, heaths, and moorlands. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1855. B. sulphureus Fr. Quel. As. fr. (1887), t. 9. Sulphur eus, sulphur-yellow. P. 5-10 cm., sulphur yellow, compact, convex, then plane, silky- tomentose with innate flocci. St. 410 x 1-5 cm., sulphur yellow, at length becoming dingy ferruginous, firm, ventricose, smooth, springing from a golden, woolly mycelium. Tubes sulphur yellow, becoming spotted ferruginous, and at length becoming green, adnate, short, 2-4 mm. long ; orifice of pores minute, compound. Flesh yellow, becoming greenish, or azure blue when broken, but golden when exposed to the air, here and there reddish under the tubes, firm. Spores light yellow, elliptical, 6-7 x 3/it, 1-guttulate. Caespitose. Pine sawdust, and twigs. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1856. B. chrysenteron (Bull.) Fr. Eolland, Champ, t. 80, no. 180. %pucro<?, gold; evrepov, intestine. P. 3-10 cm., fuscous, or somewhat brick colour, convexo-plane, soft, minutely tomentose, often cracked into patches with the interstices red. St. 5-8 cm. x 6-12 mm., scarlet, or light yellow, subequal, or attenuated at the base, rigid, fibroso-striate. Tubes sulphur yellow, then greenish yellow, subadnate, or depressed round the st. ; orifice of pores rather large, angular, compound. Flesh yellow, scarcely turning blue, red be- neath the cuticle of the p., soft. Spores deep ochraceous, fusiform, or oblong elliptic, 13-14 x 4-5/>t, 1-4-guttulate. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. nanus Massee. vdvvos, a dwarf. Differs from the type in its smaller size, in the flesh becoming red when cut and in the elongated, narrow, sinuous, or gyrose orifice of the pores. Parks, gardens, and pastures. Aug. Sept. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 1857. B. sanguineus (With.) Quel. non Fr. Sanguineus, blood red. P. 2-7 cm., blood red, or brightish crimson, disc becoming brownish, hemispherical, convex, then plane, firm, opaque, dry, rough under a BOLETUS 563 lens; margin almost even. St. 2-5-6-5 x 1-2 cm., yellowish, streaked or blotched with dilute crimson, or brownish, slightly bulbous at the base, and with traces of long reticulations at the apex. Tubes golden yellow, or dullish yellow, becoming bluish or greenish when bruised, and finally orange, adnate, or slightly depressed round the st., 4-7 mm. long ; orifice of pores angular, medium in size. Flesh yellow, then rosy, "becoming bluish when cut or broken" Perceval, soft. Spores "15-18/A, guttulate" Quel. Taste somewhat acid. Woods, and pas- tures. July Sept. Rare. 1858. B. subtomentosus (Linn.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 80, no. 181. Sub, somewhat; tomentosus, downy. P. 3-10 cm., more or less deep brownish olivaceous, convex, then pulvinato-expanded, soft, dry, villoso-tomentose, sometimes cracked into patches with the interstices yellow. St. 5-12 x 1-2 cm., yellowish, usually streaked with red, attenuated downwards, sulcately ribbed, the taivny ribs sometimes anastomosing, rough with dots under a lens. Tubes golden sulphur yellow, adnate; orifice of pores large, angular. Flesh white, or yellowish, rust colour under the cuticle of the p., soft. Spores pale yellow, oblong elliptical, 12-14 x 5/u,. Taste mild. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. radicans (Krombh.) Massee. Krombh. t. 48, figs. 1-6. Radicans, rooting. Differs from the type in the usually undulated, bright yellowish olive green p., the st. whitish below, yellow and strongly grooved above and the tubes greenish-olive at maturity. Woods. var. striaepes (Seer.) Quel. Stria, a line ; pes, foot. Differs from the type in the bistre olive, silky p., and the yellow stem with thin bistre ribs, brownish red at the base. Woods. Oct. Rare. var. marginalis Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 142 Marginalis, bordered. Differs from the type in being more slender, in the fuliginous p. being bordered with a pale, tomentose zone at the margin, in the longer almost smooth st., and in the narrower pores. Woods. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1859. B. cruentus Vent. Venturi, t. 43, figs. 3 and 4. Cruentus, bloody. P. 7-10 cm., olivaceous with a reddish tinge, becoming instantly red where bruised, convex, then plane, soft, minutely tomentose. St. 5 8 x 2-5-4 cm., yellow with reddish markings, gradually attenuated up- wards from the incrassated, rooting base, minutely fiocculose. Tubes pale yellowish olive, sinuato-free, long; orifice of pores yellowish, minute, subangular. Flesh yellow, becoming red when cut, thick, firm. Spores "pale olive, elliptic-fusiform, 14-16 x 5 /A" Massee, 1-guttu- late. Smell strong. Under beeches. Aug. 362 564 BOLETUS 1860. B. spadiceus (Schaeff.) Fr. Krombh. t. 36, figs. 19, 20, as Boletus tomentosus Krombh. Spadiceus, date brown. P. 5-10 cm., date brown, opaque, convex, then pulvinato-expanded, dry, tomentose, then widely cracked. St. 5-8 x 1-5-2-5 cm., yellow, becoming fuscous, fiocculoso-furfuraceous, firm, with anastomosing, thin, tawny ribs. Tubes golden sulphur yellow, adnate ; orifice of pores wide, round, toothed. Flesh white, yellowish in the St., and fuscous reddish under the cuticle of the p. Spores yellow, "10-12/A, 2-4-guttulate " Quel. Woods. July Nov. Uncommon. 1861. B. Rostkovii Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 18, as Boletus lividus Bull. Dr Friedrich Wilhelm Theophilus Rostkovius. P. 7-5-10 cm., dingy olive brown, or rufous, convex, or almost plane, very minutely tomentose, often areolately cracked, interstices pale. St. 2-5-5 x 2-5 cm., pale reddish yellow, obconic, tapering almost to a point at the base. Tubes pale yellow green, adnate, about 12 mm. long; orifice of pores irregularly angular, compound. Flesh white, becoming tinged red when cut, with here and there a shade of blue. Spores "pale olive, elongato-fusoid, 20 x 5/n" Massee, 2-guttulate. Under beeches. Aug. Rare. 1862. B. radicans (Pers.) Fr. Radicans, rooting. P. 6-8 cm., olivaceous cinereous, then pale yellowish, convex, pul- vinate, dry, subtomentose ; margin thin, incurved. St. 7-10 x 1-5- 2-5 cm., light yellow, attenuato-rooted, fiocculose with reddish pruina, naked and dark when touched, firm. Tubes lemon yellow, becoming greenish or bluish when touched, adnate; orifice of tubes unequal, large, angular. Flesh pale lemon yellow, becoming immediately deep blue on exposure to the air, soft, watery. Spores yellow, oblong fusiform, 13-14 x 4-5/u, 1-2-guttulate. Taste bitter. Woods, and hedgerows. July Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 1863. B. rubinus W. G. Sm. W. G-. Sm. in Journ. Bot. (1868), t. 75, figs. 1-4. Rubinus, ruby coloured. P. 4-8 cm., yellow fuscous, pulvinato-gibbous, then plane, dry, sub- tomentose, slightly cracked. St. 5-7-5 x 2 cm., yellow, smeared with crimson, equal, or attenuated downwards. Tubes wholly carmine, sub- decurrent, short at first; orifice of pores medium size, compound. Flesh yellow, becoming whitish when dry in the p. Spores pale, oval, 6 x 4-5/M. Woods, roadsides, and under oaks. Aug. Sept. Un- common, (v.v.) 1864. B. versicolor Rostk. Boud. Icon. t. 143. Versicolor, of various colours. P. 2-7 cm., blood red, or deep rose-pink, becoming tawny at the disc, or all over with age, convex, then plane, minutely tomentose, rarely BOLETUS 565 cracked. St. 4-8 cm. x 6-12 mm., yellow, rose-red in the middle and at the base, becoming blue when rubbed, equal, often attenuated at the base, slightly viscid in wet weather, minutely granular, or pruinose. Tubes yellow, becoming blue when touched, adnate, decurrent by a tooth; orifice of pores fairly large, angular. Flesh yellow, reddish at the base of the st., turning blue when cut especially near the tubes, soft. Spores yellow, or olivaceous, oblong fusiform, 9-10 x 4-5 p,, 1-2- guttulate. Woods, pastures, and roadsides. Aug. Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) 1865. B. parasiticus (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 145. Parasiticus, parasitic. P. 28 cm., dingy yellow, or tawny, and more or less brown, convex, then plane, minutely tomentose, dry, often cracked in a tessellated manner. St. 3-7 x 12 cm., yellow, or paler than the p., equal, at- tenuated at the base, rigid, incurved, slightly fibrillose, apex mealy. Tubes yellow, then vinous, decurrent, short ; orifice of pores compound, of medium size, round or angular. Flesh yellow, often becoming reddish in the st., firm. Spores deep olivaceous, fusiform, 12-15 x 4-5/u., 1- guttulate. Parasitic on Scleroderma aurantium and S. verrucosum. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1866. B. pruinatus Fr. Pruinatus, covered with hoar-frost. P. 5-6 cm., purplish bay brown, covered with a whitish, or greyish bloom, convex, then plane, rigid, dry. St. 510 x -51 '5 cm., variegated yellow and reddish, equal, or ventricose, firm, smooth. Tubes light yellow, adnate; orifice of pores small, slightly angular. Flesh yellow, red under the cuticle of the p., turning bluish and reddish, firm. Spores olivaceous, pip-shaped, 9-10 x 4jn, 1-guttulate. Amongst grass in woods, and parks. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1867. B. pusio Howse, ex B. & Br. Pusio, a little boy. P. reddish buff, hemispherical, pulvinate, pulverulent. St. dull yellowish white, white above, becoming blackish, slightly thickened down- wards, plicate, pulverulent. Tubes dull sulphur white. 1868. B. purpurascens Rostk. Rostk. Bol. t. 8. Purpurascens, becoming purple. P. 6-16 cm., bay purple, convex, then plane, smooth, dry. St. 3- 5 x 1-5-2 cm., deep purple red, firm, attenuated downwards to the rooting base, smooth. Tubes dingy yellow, adnate, 12-15 mm. long, becoming greenish when touched; orifice of pores small. Flesh dirty whitish with darker streaks, reddish under the cuticle of the p., thick, compact. Spores brownish grey, subfusiform, 10 x 5/z. Woods, especially pine. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 566 BOLETUS II. Pores small, round, equal; tubes free, or sinuate, sometimes adnate, long, connate. P. dry, smooth, or tomentose, rarely viscid or moist in wet weather. St. thick, smooth, tomentose, or floccose, often ribbed or reticulate. Spores yellow, ochraceous, or olivaceous, rarely brown, or white, elliptic fusiform. Generally large in size and thick. A. St. fibrillosely fleshy, generally firm, thick, ovoid at first; either covered with a network of white, straw-coloured, yellow, or red veins, or minutely punctate, or granular, rarely smooth. Pores small, round, white, or coloured; tubes concolorous, free, or sinuate, rarely adnate. Flesh generally firm, white, or coloured, changing colour or not, but never becoming black. Generally large in size. fFlesh white, or yellow, unchangeable, sometimes reddish or vinous rosy under the cuticle, tasty, often fragrant. Pores white, cream, or yellow, sometimes becoming greenish with age, never becoming blue or green when touched. St. with a white, straw-coloured, or brownish cream network, sometimes smooth, rarely floccose, or reddish. 1869. B. regius Krombh. Krombh. t. 7. Regius, royal. P. 712-5 cm., bright rose-pink, reddish purple, or olivaceous, convex, pulvinate, dry, smooth, or minutely tomentose. St. 5-9 x 3-5 cm., pale yellow, becoming purplish at the base, reticulate. Tubes golden yellow, almost free, short; orifice of pores small, subangular. Flesh pale yellow, very thick. Spores "pale yellow, elongate fusiform, 16 x 5fj," Massee. Taste pleasant. Edible. Gregarious. Woods, and open places. Aug. Oct. Uncommon. 1870. B. edulis (Bull.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 81, no. 182. Edulis, eatable. P. 10-20 cm., bay, brown, fuliginous, or bistre, rarely ivhite, the margin often white, convex, pulvinate, smooth, often rugose, somewhat viscid in wet weather. St. 10-15 x 3-6 cm., pallid fuscous, delicately reticu- lated, equal, or attenuated upwards from the bulbous base. Tubes white, then yellow, and finally greenish, somewhat free, long; orifice of pores small, round. Flesh white, often faintly tinged reddish under the cuticle of the p., compact, then softer, thick. Spores yellow, fusiform, 13-16 x 4-4-5/z, 1-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially beech. June Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. laevipes Massee. Laevis, smooth; pes, foot. Differs from the type in the absence of reticulations on the perfectly even, white, or faint buff st. Woods. Aug. Oct. Common, (v.v.) var. bulbosus (Bull.) Big. & Guill. (= Boletus crassus Massee.) Bulbosus, bulbous. Differs from the type in the bulbous st. often exceeding, or equalling in width the diameter of the p., in the flesh becoming pale primrose yellow, BOLETUS 567 in the smaller spores, and in the strong acid smell. This variety is a condition of the type brought about by the attack of a parasitic Hypomyces. Woods. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1871. B. pinicola (Vitt.) Eea. (= ? Boletus fusco-ruber Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 6. Pinus, pine ; colo, I inhabit. P. 9-20 cm., rich chestnut colour, bordered by a narrow white line at the margin, convex, slightly viscid when moist, then dry andfioccose. St. 9-15 x 4-5 cm., concolorous, subbulbous, rugose, slightly reticu- late. Tubes greenish, adnate, 15-20 mm. long, ventricose; orifice of pores round, or angular, 1 mm. broad. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle of the p., thick. Spores olivaceous, fusiform, 15-18 x 4-5/i, 1-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1872. B. reticulatus (Schaeff.) Boud. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 5. Reticulatus, netted. P. 8-15 cm., ochraceous yellow, or greyish fawn, convex, finely tomen- tose, often cracked in dry weather. St. 6-9 x 4-6 cm., concolorous, or paler, slightly constricted at the base, reticulated to the base. Tubes greenish yellow, free, or almost free, fairly long; orifice of pores round, small, 1 mm. across. Flesh white, slightly coloured under the cuticle of the p. and at the base of the tubes, firm, thick. Spores olivaceous, oblong fusiform, 13-18 x 4-5/i, 1-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Deciduous woods. May Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1873. B. aestivalis (Paul.) Fr. Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. n, t. 25. Aestivalis, pertaining to summer. P. 10-20 cm., whitish, bistre cream, or reddish, convex, pulvinate, somewhat repand, smooth, then granular in dry weather. St. 8-11 x 56 cm., light yellow, ovoid, bulbous, smooth, or minutely reticulate. Tubes yellow, or greyish, somewhat free, long; orifice of pores small, round, equal. Flesh yellow, white above, reddish at the base of the St., thick. Spores yellow, oblong fusiform, or oblong elliptical, 12-14 x 4-5ft, 1-2-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, and heaths. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1874. B. aereus (Bull.) Fr. Krombh. t. 36, figs. 1-7. Aereus, made of copper. P. 6-9 cm., olivaceous fuscous, somewhat blackish, hemispherical, then convex, pulvinate, minutely pubescent, or villose. St. 7-9 x 2'5 3-5 cm., yellowish, becoming fuscous downwards, beautifully re- ticulate. Tubes white, then sulphur yellow, somewhat free; orifice of pores minute, round, or angular. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle of the p. and st., and reddish purple when the surface of the p. has been eaten by slugs, firm, compact. Spores yellow, oblong elliptical, or 568 BOLETUS oblong fusiform, 12-15 x 4/u,, 2-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1875. B. carnosus Rostk. Rostk. Bol. t. 14. Carnosus, fleshy. P. 10-12 cm., fuscous, or bay brown, pulvinate, convex, glabrous. St. 6-7 x 2-3 cm., yellow, streaked with reddish brown, subequal, firm, substriate. Tubes dark yellow, sinuato-adnate, long; orifice of pores dark yellow, large, angular. Flesh pallid, dirty yellowish. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 1876. B. vaccinus Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 51. Vacci nus, pertaining to a cow. P. 5-10 cm., chestnut, convex, then expanded, minutely tomentose, margin obtuse. St. 5-8 x 1-2 cm., concolorous, or paler than the p., bulbous, or attenuated downwards, smooth; base becoming tawny, lacunose. Tubes white, then light yellow, free ; orifice of pores round or subangular, small. Flesh whitish, reddish under the cuticle of the p., firm. Spores yellow, oblong fusiform, 1214 x 4 5/ii. Taste mild. Edible. Subcaespitose. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1877. B. impolitus Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 42. Impolitus, unpolished. P. 8-20 cm., pale yellow brown, or tawny brown, convex, then more or less expanded, flocculose, at length granuloso-rivulose, sometimes cracking into areolae. St. 6-9 x 3-5 cm., yellow, often tinged with brownish red when full grown and forming a ring-like zone at the apex, equal, or subbulbous, pubescent. Tubes pale lemon yellow, then tinged with olivaceous green, free, or slightly adnate, depressed near the st. ; orifice of pores small, round. Flesh whitish yellow, pale yellow under the cuticle of the p., thick. Spores olivaceous, oblong-fusiform, 16-17 x 5-6/A. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. June Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 1878. B. candicans Fr. Candicans, shining- white. P. 8-12 cm., whitish, or pale tan colour, convex, then expanded, subtomentose, becoming smooth. St. 8-10 x 3-4-5 cm., concolorous, delicately reticulated, ventricose, or bulbous. Tubes lemon yellow, ad- nate, or sinuate, long; orifice of pores white, then lemon yellow, roundish. Flesh white, becoming blue when broken, and then whitish, thick. Spores dark olivaceous, oblong-fusiform, blunt at the one end, 13-14 x 4/i, 1-guttulate. Taste mild. Woods, and under trees. June Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1879. B. fragrans Vitt. Fragrans, scented. P. 6-9 cm.., fuscous umber, pulvinate, repand, subtomentose; margin incurved. St. 7-9 x 3-4 cm., variegated yellowish and red, stout, ven- tricose, often fusiform at the base and ovato-bulbous, even. Tubes BOLETUS 569 yellow, sinuato-free, fairly long; orifice of pores yellow, round. Flesh yellow, either unchangeable, or becoming greenish, at length becoming reddish, especially at the base of the st. and under the cuticle. Spores dark olivaceous, oblong-fusiform, 10-11 x 4-5 /JL, 2-3-guttulate. Taste mild, smell pleasant. Edible. Woods, and under oaks. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1880. B. rubiginosus Fr. Rubiginosus, rusty. P. 5-12-5 cm., reddish brown, pulvinate, or convex, soft, pubescent, soon becoming very glabrous, dry; margin acutely incurved, then patent. St. 5-8 x 2-5-3 cm., whitish, then yellowish, becoming slightly greyish or yellowish olive when bruised, attenuated upwards, gla- brous, very distinctly reticulated. Tubes white, adnate, short; orifice of pores white, angular, unequal. Flesh white, unchangeable, thick, spongy. Spores "colourless, elongato-fusiform, 12 x 4/z" Massee. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. ffFlesh generally yellow, changing colour on exposure to the air, often immediately turning bluish, or greenish, sometimes poisonous, or bitter. Pores more or less yellowish, yellow, orange, or red, im- mediately tinged blue, green or black when touched. St. reticulately veined, or punctate, rarely smooth, generally red, at least in part. *Pores at first cream, lemon yellow, or yellow, rarely finally becoming reddish. St. reticulate with white, or yellow veins, sometimes flesh colour or punctate on the veins. Flesh often bitter. 1881. B. appendiculatus (Schaefi.) Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 26, as Boletus radicans Pers. Appendiculatus, with a small appendage. P. 5-15 cm., brown, bright bay, or fuscous brick colour, convex, pulvinate, then expanded, subtomentose. St. 6-9 x 2-5 cm., sulphur yellow, ventricose, rooting, apex minutely reticulate with white veins, often tinged rosy towards the base. Tubes sulphur yellow, becoming greenish when touched, adnate; orifice of pores round, small. Flesh yellow, becoming blue on exposure to the air, tinged with rose at the base of the st., compact, firm. Spores light yellow, oblong elliptic, 9-11 x 4jit, 1-3-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1882. B. variecolor B. & Br. B. & Br. no. 1020, t. 13, fig. 3. Variecolor, with diverse colours. P. 4-6 cm., olivaceous, convex, subtomentose; margin involute. St. 5-8 x 2 cm., yellowish downwards, rufescent and delicately pubescent upwards, bulbous, attenuated upwards, apex reticulated. Tubes yellow, free ; orifice of pores minute. Flesh pale, here and there inclining to yellow and partially marbled, dark purple under the cuticle of the p. 570 BOLETUS Spores pale olive, elliptic fusiform, slightly oblique, 10 x 4jn. Woods. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 1883. B. calopus Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxxiv (1918), t. 2. tca\6$, beautiful; Troy?, foot P. 6-15 cm., olivaceous, globose, then convex, pulvinate, sub- tomentose. St. 7-10 x 23 cm., scarlet throughout, or at the apex, apex often yellow, conical, then subequal, reticulated with white, or flesh coloured veins. Tubes yellow, becoming bright green, adnate', orifice of pores minute, angular, becoming spotted with greenish blue. Flesh yellow, becoming blue on exposure to the air, compact. Spores oliva- ceous, 10-14 x 4//,, 1-3-guttulate. Said to be poisonous. Woods, especially coniferous woods. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1884. B. olivaceus (Schaeff.) Fr. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxxiv (1918), t. 1. Olivaceus, olivaceous in colour. P. 3-8 cm., olivaceous fuscous, convex, pruinose, becoming smooth; margin at first inflexed. St. 5-8 x 2-3 cm., red, or pale citron yellow, yellowish at the apex and reticulate with white veins, punctate with rose red at the base, firm, clavate, bulbous, or fusiform. Tubes light yellow, then olivaceous, adnate ; orifice of pores minute, round, unequal. Flesh cream colour, becoming blue on exposure to the air, firm. Spores ellip- tical, "17/u, long, 2-5-guttulate " Quel. Woods, especially beech. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 1885. B. pachypus Fr. 7ra%u9, thick; 7701/9, foot. P. 10-20 cm., fuscous, then pallid tan, convex, pulvinate, sub- tomentose; margin at first incurved, exceeding the tubes. St. 5-12-5 x 3-5 cm., variegated light yellow and red, often wholly intensely blood red, often with a rosy purple zone at the apex of the st., firm, ovato-bulbous, then elongated, equal, reticulated with white veins. Tubes light yellow, then somewhat green, free, somewhat elongated, shortened round the st. ; orifice of pores round, becoming spotted with green, or blue. Flesh yellow, then azure blue when exposed to the air, becoming reddish at the base of the st., compact, thick. Spores olivaceous, oblong elliptic, 9-12 x 4jLt. Said to be poisonous. Woods, especially pine. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1886. B. albidus (Roques) Quel. Roques, Champ, com. et ven. t. 8, fig. 2. Albidus, whitish. P. 6-9 cm., whitish, with a slight greenish tinge, convex, subtomen- tose. St. 6-7 x 3-4 cm., pale citron yellow, ventricose, finely reticu- lated with veins, which become brownish on handling. Tubes pale citron yellow, adnate; orifice of pores round, small. Flesh cream colour, or pale citron, becoming blue when cut or broken. Spores deep ochre, boat-shaped, 10-11 x 4-5 /A, 1-2-guttulate. Woods, and pas- tures. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) BOLETUS 571 **Pores at first red, or orange, rarely yellow. St. reticulated with red veins, often punctate with red, rarely white, or yellow. 1887. B. satanas Lenz. (= Boletus tuberosus (Bull.) Quel.) Krombh. Icon. t. 38, figs. 1-6, as Boletus sanguineus Pers. Sarams, the Devil. P. 9-20 cm., at first more or less tinged with red, then becoming brownish, and finally whitish, globose, then convex, pulvinate, some- what viscid, smooth. St. 7-10 x 5-6 cm., dingy yellow, reticulated with blood red veins, ovato-ventricose. Tubes yellow, free; orifice of pores yellow, then rubiginous, and finally orange, round, minute. Flesh white, then cream colour, becoming bluish or greenish on exposure to the air, reddish in the st., thick, firm. Spores olivaceous, oblong elliptic, 11-13 x 4-5 /u,, 2-3-guttulate. Taste mild. Woods, and heaths. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1888. B. luridus (Schaeff.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 85, no. 189. Luridus, lurid in colour. P. 5-20 cm., umber olivaceous, or fuliginous, hemispherical, convex, then plane, tomentose. St. 5-15 x 3-6 cm., yellow, reticulated with blood red veins, equal, or incrassated at the base. Tubes yellow, at length becoming green, free ; orifice of pores at first vermilion, then orange, round, small. Flesh yellow, becoming immediately deep indigo on exposure to the air, and then again yellow, reddish at the base of the tubes and at the base of the st., thick, compact. Spores yellowish, oblong fusiform, or oblong elliptical, 12-13 x 4/x, 2-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, especially deciduous woods, heaths, and pastures. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1889. B. erythropus (Pers.) Quel. pv0po$, red; iroifc, foot. P. 10-15 cm,, brown, or bay, often tawny rufescent, convex, minutely pubescent. St. 5-12 x 2-4 cm., yellow, punctate with red, ventricose, minutely tomentose. Tubes yellow, free ; orifice of pores dark blood red, round, or subangular. Flesh yellow, becoming deep indigo in the p. and upper part of the st. on exposure to the air, blood red in the rest of the st., yellow at the base of the tubes, thick, compact. Spores yellow, fusiform, 12-13 x 4/t, 2-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Woods, especially coni- ferous woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1890. B. purpureus Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 41. Purpureus, purple. P. 7-12 cm., purplish red, or violet, rarely brownish, hemispherical, pulvinate, somewhat velvety, opaque, dry. St. 6-11 x 2-3 cm., yellow, reticulate with purple veins and dots, and often dotted on the veins, equal, attenuated at the base. Tubes light yellow, becoming greenish, somewhat free; orifice of pores purple orange, round, minute. Flesh yellow, be- coming bluish on exposure to the air when young and reddish at the base 572 BOLETUS of the st., compact. Spores olivaceous, oblong-fusiform, 11-12 x 5- 6ju,, 2-4-guttulate. Woods, and pastures. June Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1891. B. Queletii Schulzer, var. rubicundus Eene Maire. (= Boletus purpureus Fr. (forma) Massee, Brit. Fung. Fl. i, 290.) Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxvi, 195, t. v, figs. 5-6. Rubicundus, ruddy. P. 5-16 cm., reddish purple, or reddish brown, hemispherical, then convex, pruinose, then subtomentose; margin at first involute, pruinose and flesh colour. St. 7-10 x 2-3 cm., yellow straw colour, then pale ochraceous, densely punctate with red and dark purple at the base, more or less bulbous and fusiform, slightly rooting. Tubes yellowish, then pure yellow, becoming blue and finally black when touched, free, sinuate ; orifice of pores greyish orange, then purple orange or saffron colour, small, round, or slightly irregular. Flesh yellow, becoming blue and finally blackish, reddish purple at the base of the st. Spores oliva- ceous, elliptical-oblong, 8-10 x 4-5 /A, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Calcareous woods. Uncommon. B. St.fibrilloselyfieshy, generally fioccosely squamulose and mucronate, rarely rugosely or reticulately ribbed. Pores white, or whitish, rarely yellow. Tubes concolorous, free, or sinuate, rarely adnate. Flesh generally white, and soft, often becoming bistre colour on exposure to the air, then becoming black. Large or medium in size. 1892. B. duriusculus Schulz. Boud. Icon. t. 150. Duriusculus, somewhat hard. P. 5-15 cm., grey fuliginous, or grey bistre, convex, minutely tomen- tose, viscid in wet weather, often areolately cracked when dry. St. 10-20 x 1-5-4 cm., white, densely striate and black punctate, the striae often anastomosing in a reticulate manner, often spotted greenish at the attenuated, or incrassated base, very firm, equal, or subventricose. Tubes dirty white, somewhat free, fairly long; orifice of pores minute, round, or subangular. Flesh white, becoming reddish on exposure to the air especially in the p. and apex of the st., then becoming blackish, very firm. Spores fuliginous in the mass, pale under the microscope, oblong fusiform, 13-15 x 4-5-6/x, 2-multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures, especially under poplars. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1893. B. versipellis Fr. (= Boletus rufus (Schaeff .) Quel. ; Boletus aurantiacus Bull. sec. Quel.) Holland, Champ, t. 87, no. 193, as Boletus aurantiacus. Versipellis, changeable in appearance. P. 5-15 cm., rufous, hemispherical, pulvinate, dry, tomentose, then scaly, and becoming even ; margin often appendiculate with the remains of the membranaceous, fugacious veil. St. 8-12 x 3-5 cm., whitish, BOLETUS 573 covered with rufous or greyish, mucronate flocci, attenuated upwards, often tinged greenish when eaten by slugs or snails. Tubes dingy white, free, long; orifice of pores often grey or blackish at first, minute, round. Flesh white, often greenish near the cuticle of the stem, thick, compact. Spores ochraceous, oblong fusiform, 16-18 x 5-7 p, 1-4-guttulate. Smell and taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, heaths, and pastures. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1894. B. scaber (Bull.) Fr. (= Boletus nigrescens Roze & Rich. sec. Quel.) Rolland, Champ, t. 87, no. 192. Scaber, rough. P. 5-20 cm., ochraceous fuliginous, greyish bistre, or brownish bistre, hemispherical, pulvinate, smooth, viscid when moist, at length rugu- lose, or rivulose ; margin at first furnished with a cortina. St. 7-20 x 24 cm., whitish, or greyish, rough with fibrous scales that become blackish with age, often greenish or bluish especially towards the base when eaten by slugs or snails, attenuated upwards. Tubes white, then dingy, free, long; orifice of pores minute, round. Flesh white, watery, soft. Spores ochraceous, oblong fusiform, 1618 x 5 6-5/z, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. May Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. niveus Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 48, as Boletus holopus Rostk. Niveus, snow-white. Differs from the type in the white p. becoming greenish grey at the disc, and in the white granularly punctate st. which becomes greenish grey at the base. Spores pale ochraceous, oblong fusiform, 14-16 x 5/n, multi-guttulate. Deciduous woods. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1895. B. nigrescens Roze & Rich. (= Boletus scaber (Bull.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 20. Nigrescens, becoming black. P. 4-12 cm., yellowish, convex, tomentose, cracking with age. St. 6-11 x 2-4: cm., yellowish, dotted with grey scales, ventricose, attenuated at both ends, striate. Tubes white, soon becoming bright yellow, free; orifice of pores small, -5 mm. across, round, or oblong, unequal. Flesh yellowish white, becoming red on exposure to the air, and finally dark brown. Spores olivaceous, fusiform, 12-16 x 5-6/u, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Deciduous woods. July Sept. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1896. B. rugosus Fr. Rostk. Bol. t. 41. Rugosus, wrinkled. P. 5-6 cm., bay, or brown, convex, pulvinate, dry, smooth. St. 7-12 x 2-3 cm., whitish, or ochraceous, attenuated upwards from the subbulbous base, longitudinally ribbed; ribs dark, anastomosing, or reticulate. Tubes whitish, then ochraceous, free ; orifice of pores small, round. Flesh white, reddish under the cuticle of the p., compact. Spores olivaceous, fusiform, 9-10 x 3-4/z. Taste mild. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 574 POLYPORUS APHYLLOPHORALES. Hymenium indefinite, increasing by centrifugal growth, fully ex- posed from the first, amphigenous, or unilateral, lining the interior of pores, covering the surface of teeth, tubercles or anastomosing gills, or forming a smooth surface. I. POROHYDNINEAE. Receptacle pileate, stipitate, sessile, or resupinate; hymenium inferior. 1. POLYPORACEAE. Hymenium lining tubes coherent throughout their length, forming a layer distinct from the substance of the pileus, sometimes becoming torn into teeth, or gill-like plates, and separated by dissepiments sterile on the edge. Polyporas (Micheli) Fr. (TToXu?, many; 770^09, a pore.) Pileus fleshy, cheesy, coriaceous or corky, often at length becoming hard with age; entire, lobed, excentric, or dimidiate, simple, or branched. Stem central, lateral, or none, simple or branched. Tubes homogeneous, or heterogeneous, long, or short; orifice of pores round, angular, entire, torn, or toothed. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores white, or coloured, elliptical, pip-shaped, globose, subglobose, pruni- form, oblong, or elliptic fusiform; smooth, punctate, or verrucose. Cystidia present, or absent, hyaline, or coloured. Annual, or perennial. Growing on wood, or on the ground ; solitary, caespitose, imbricate, or connate at the base. A. Stipitate, or caespitose. I. P. thin, hemispherical, generally depressed, cup-shaped. St. thin, fibrillosely corky. Flesh coloured. Tubes homogeneous, short; pores polygonal, or rounded, tawny or brown. Spores hyaline, or yellowish. Cystidia coloured, or wanting. Terrestrial. Perennial. *P. tomentose, or velvety. Cystidia coloured. 1897. P. tomentosus Fr. Kalchbr. Icon. t. 38, fig. 1, as Polyporus Kalchbrenneri FT. Tomentosus, woolly. P. 5-10 cm., tawny ferruginous, nankeen yellow, or yellowish cinna- mon, convex, then plane and cyathiform, leathery, zoned, radiately rugose, clothed with tawny ferruginous hairs ; margin thin. St. 2-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., fuscous umber, becoming blackish, subequal, firm, pulverulent, or tomentose, sometimes a mere base or central point. Tubes greyish, becoming fuscous, adnate, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores grey, glistening, POLYPORUS 575 minute, entire. Flesh fuscous umber, 2 mm. thick, firm. Spores hyaline, " oblong pruniform, 9-10 x 2-5-3 fj," Sacc. Cystidia coloured, abundant. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. **P. silky, or glossy. Cystidia wanting. 1898. P. Montagnei Fr. (= Polystictus cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc. sec. Lloyd.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 11, as Polystictus Montagnei Fr. J. F. C. Montagne, the eminent French mycologist. P. 3-8 cm., ferruginous, cyathiform, irregular, uneven, zoneless, tomentose, becoming smooth; margin thin. St. 2-3 cm. x 5-9 mm., concolorous, unequal, pubescent. Tubes yellowish white, then ferrugi- nous, short, decurrent; orifice of pores large, round, obtuse, entire. Flesh ferruginous, somewhat corky, thick. Spores hyaline, ovoid pruniform, 5-6 x 4-5^,, punctate. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1899. P. cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc. Lloyd, Myc. Notes, Polyporoid Issue, no. 1, fig. 200. Cinnamomeus, cinnamon. P. 2-3 cm., bright cinnamon, piano-depressed, then subinfundibuli- form, somewhat corky, flaccid, velvety becoming glabrous, silky, shining, at first with darker fuscous zones, then becoming tawny, and zoneless. St. 3-4 cm. x 4-5 mm., concolorous, attenuated at the base, or somewhat bulbous, velvety. Tubes fuscous cinnamon, becoming tawny when dry, adnate, 12-5 mm. long; orifice of pores greyish, somewhat large, pentagonal, or hexagonal. Flesh concolorous, spongy. Spores yellowish, broadly elliptical, with an oblique apiculus, 67 x 4- 5/x. Smell unpleasant. Under trees, and burnt places. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 1900. P. perennis (Linn.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 89, no. 197. Perennis, perennial. P. 3-8 cm., cinnamon, then date brown, often becoming whitish with age, hemispherical, plane, or cyathiform, coriaceous, tough, thin, zoned, velvety, becoming smooth; margin fimbriate, then entire. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 3-8 mm., tawny, or concolorous, attenuated upwards, often bulbous at the base, velvety, firm. Tubes tawny, decurrent, 2-3 mm. long; orifice of pores silvery, becoming tawny, minute, an- gular, acute, then torn. Flesh tawny, fibrillosely leathery, tough. Spores hyaline, elliptical, 8-9 x 4-5/z, 1-guttulate. Charcoal heaps, and about stumps. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) II. P. thin, hemispherical, or excentric, firm, squamulose, villose, or smooth. St. generally thin, corky, rarely branched, sometimes black at the base. Flesh leathery, white. Tubes heterogeneous', pores round, or polygonal, small, white. Spores hyaline. Perennial. Growing on wood. 576 POLYPORUS *P. at first villose, or squamulose. 1901. P. brumalis (Pers.) Fr. Brumalis, pertaining to winter. P. 2-10 cm., fuliginous, becoming pale and tan colour with age, convex, then plane, more or less umbilicate, fleshy pliant, then coria- ceous, villose, or squamulose, becoming smooth; margin fimbriato- ciliate, or velvety. St. 1-5-5 cm. x 4-8 mm., concolorous, velvety, or squamulose. Tubes white, decurrent, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming yellowish, round, angular, or oblong, small, toothed. Flesh whitish, very firm, thin at the margin. Spores white, oblong, often curved, 6-8 x 2-3/>t, 1-2-guttulate. Dead branches, and twigs in woods, and wood heaps. Sept. May. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1902. P. arcularius (Batsch) FT. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 16. Arcula, a casket. P. 13 cm., fuscous, becoming yellow with age, convex, subumbilicate, pliant, then coriaceous, at first covered with fuscous squamules, then becoming smooth and ochraceous; margin strigose. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., greyish fuscous, or bistre, subsquamulose, becoming smooth. Tubes whitish, adnato-decurrent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming tawny, oblong, rhomboidal, thin, rather large, entire. Flesh white, thin, leathery. Spores white, globose, 3/x. Dead twigs, and branches in woods, and shrubberies. Sept. May. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1903. P. lentus Berk. Berk. Outl. t. 16, fig. 1. (? = tubarius Quel.) Lentus, pliant. P. 2-5-5 cm., reddish brown, becoming ochraceous, convex, umbili- cate, thin, tough, furfuraceo-squamulose, becoming smooth. St. 1- 2-5 cm. x 4-9 mm., concolorous, central, or excentric, straight, or curved, hispid, or furfur 'aceous, often covered with pores to the base. Tubes white, decurrent, 2-3 mm. long; orifice of tubes white, large, angular, irregular. Flesh white, leathery, tough. Spores "white, elliptic fusiform, 12 x 4-5 /A" Massee. Dead roots, fallen branches, and gorse stems. April Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1904. P. melanopus (Swartz) Fr. /LteXa?, black; TTOI;?, foot. P. 3-10 cm., white, then yellowish fuscous or greyish bistre, convexo- plane and umbilicate, then infundibuliform, fleshy pliant, at first minutely fiocculose, or pruinose. St. 2-4 cm. x 6-10 mm., dark brown, bistre, or black, gradually incrassated upwards, or thickened down- wards, excentric, minutely velvety. Tubes white, decurrent, -5-1 mm. long; orifice of pores white, minute, round, fimbriate under a lens. Flesh white, thick, soft. Spores white, oblong, or pip-shaped, 7-8 x 3/n, 1-guttulate. Smell often pleasant. Dead pine roots, and branches in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) POLYPORTJS 577 **P. and st. glabrous. St. often black at the base. 1905. P. fuscidulus (Schrad.) Fr. Fuscidulus, somewhat dark. P. 2-5-6 cm., fuscous yellowish, convexo-plane, fleshy, pliant, sub- coriaceous, smooth. St. 2-5-5 cm. x 4 mm., fuscous, then yellow, equal, or thickened at both ends, smooth. Tubes yellowish, adnate, 7mm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, subangular, quite entire, minute. Flesh yellowish white, thin, tough. Spores "hyaline, elliptic- oblong, 5-6 x 2 /Li" Massee. On twigs, and chips of wood. Sept. Feb. Eare. 1906. P. leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr. \eirr 6^, thin; Ke<f>a\rf, head. P. 2-3 cm., pale, then fawn colour, convexo-plane, pliant, then coriaceous, thin, smooth ; margin rather wavy. St. 12-5 cm. x 3 4 mm., pallid, smooth. Tubes whitish, adnate; orifice of pores whitish, round, minute, obtuse. Flesh white, leathery. Spores "hyaline, oblong pruniform, 8 /it, guttulate" Quel. On stumps, and dead birch trunks in woods. Oct. March. Rare. 1907. P. nummularius (Bull.) Quel. Rostk. Polyp, t. 12. Nummularius, like money. P. 1-2-5 cm., whitish cream colour, then ochraceous and becoming whitish, convexo-plane, hemispherical, rarely umbonate, thin, smooth. St. 1-2 cm. x 3-5 mm., blackish bistre, whitish cream at the apex, equal, or attenuated downwards, firm, piuinose. Tubes white, then yellowish, decurrent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, then straw colour, minute, round, ciliate under a lens. Flesh white, hard, woody. Spores white, oblong, 7-9 x 2-5-3 /x, 1-2-guttulate, sometimes curved. Dead twigs, and branches in woods, and wood heaps. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1908. P. picipes Fr. Pers. Icon, pictae rar. fung. t. rv, fig. 1, as Boletus infundibulis. Pix, pitch ; pes, foot. P. 5-10 cm., pallid, then chestnut, or pale yellowish livid and chestnut at the disc, cyathiform, or depressed at the disc or behind, fleshy coriaceous, then rigid, smooth; margin scalloped. St. 2-7 x -5-2 cm., brownish bistre, or olivaceous, punctate with black up to the pores, excentric, or lateral, pruinosely velvety, becoming smooth, firm. Tubes white, then yellowish, decurrent, 1-5 mm. long; orifice of pores white, then yellowish, or pinkish, very small, round. Flesh white, tough. Spores hyaline, pruniform, 7-8 x 4//,, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant. On pollarded willows, and stumps. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1909. P. varius Fr. (= Polyporus cakeolus (BuU.) Quel. ; Polyporus efegr<ms(Bull.)Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 202. Farms, variable. P. 5-12 cm., pallid ochraceous, then tan colour, or cinnamon streaked with brown, very coriaceous, cyathiform, or plane and depressed at 578 POLYPORUS the disc or beyond, smooth. St. 1-5-5 cm. x 4-12 mm., pale ochra- ceous at the apex, black lower down, central, excentric, or lateral, smooth, tough, firm. Tubes whitish, then ochraceous or cinnamon, de- current, 1-3 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming yellowish, small, round. Flesh white, then yellowish, very tough, woody, thin. Spores white, oblong or elliptical, 7 x 2-5-Sju,. Smell slight. Taste bitter. On stumps, trunks, and fallen branches. July Nov. Common, (v.v.) 1910. P. petaloides Fr. TreraXoz/, a leaf; elSo?, like. P. 56 cm., chestnut fuscous, spathulate, submembranaceous, rugose, smooth, flaccid when moist. St. 2 cm. x 8-10 mm., whitish, lateral, ascending, compressed, expanding into the p., smooth, dilated at the base into a shield-like organ of attachment. Tubes shining white, de- current, very short; orifice of pores white, very small. Spores "almost colourless, elliptical, 6 x 2-5-3 /x" Massee. Old stumps. Jan. Rare. 1911. P. osseus Kalchbr. (= Polyporus albidus (Schaeff.) Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 34, fig. 2. Osseus, like bone. P. 2-5-8 cm., white, becoming yellowish, convex, often imbricate, lobed, smooth. St. white, simple, branched, or obsolete, smooth, hard, firm. Tubes white, decurrent, 1 mm. long; orifice of pores white, round, at length torn, or denticulate, minute. Flesh white, compact, becoming firm. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 p. Smell somewhat acid. Taste becoming bitter. Larch stumps. Oct. Rare. III. P. simple, rarely compound. Stipitate, or caespitose. Flesh soft, or slightly leathery, fragile, or firm, white. Tubes heterogeneous, pores round, or polygonal, of medium size, white. Spores white, or coloured. Annual. Growing on the ground, rarely on wood. 1912. P. leucomelas (Pers.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 15. Xey/eo?, white; yu,e\a9, black. P. 4-12 cm., black fuliginous, convex, then expanded, often irregular and lobed, fleshy, fibrillose, disc often squamulose. St. 2-5-10 x 2- 3 cm., concolorous, pale at the apex, equal, or tuberous, subtomentose, sometimes squamulose from the breaking up of the cuticle, firm. Tubes white, decurrent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming grey, rather large, entire, then torn. Flesh white, reddish when broken, and often blackish in the st., thick, soft. Spores white, subglobose, 5-6 ft, warted. Taste slightly bitter. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 1913. P. flavo-virens Berk. <fe Rav. Flavus, yellow; virens, green. P. 8-10 cm., dirty yellowish green, pulvinate, or depressed, irregu- larly lobed, fleshy, subtomentose. St. 5 x 2-3 cm., pallid, subcon- POLYPORUS 579 color ous, incrassated upwards. Tubes white, then yellowish green, very decurrent, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, angular, very irregular, finally torn. Flesh white, thick, soft. Spores dirty green, broadly fusiform, 15-18 x 7-8jii. Under pines. Sept. Kare. (v.v.) IV. P. simple, rarely compound. St. generally thick. Flesh soft, or leathery, white. Tubes heterogeneous; pores honey-comb-like, broad. Spores white or pale coloured. Annual. Growing on the ground, or on wood. *P. velvety, hispid or squamulose. 1914. P. squamosus (Huds.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 207; and forma erecta Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 133. Squamosus, scaly. P. 10-60 cm., ochraceous, variegated with broad, adpressed, centri- fugal, darker, fuscous scales, fan-shaped, or hemispherical, convex, then plane and at length concave, often umbilicate when young, fleshy pliant, often imbricate and flattened. St. 15 x 1-5 cm., ochra- ceous, base blackish, excentric, lateral, or wanting, apex reticulate. Tubes white, then yellowish, adnato-decurrent, 5-10 mm. long; orifice of pores pallid, at first minute, then large, angular, and torn. Flesh white, soft, becoming leathery, thick. Spores white, oblong, 10-12 x 4-5 p, 1-2-guttulate. Smell strong. Said to be edible. On trunks of ash, apple, walnut, maple, elm, yew, oak, birch, lime, etc. April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1915. P. Boucheanus (Klotzsch) Fr. (= Polyporus Forquignoni Quel. sec. Lloyd.) Augustus Bouche. P. 3-7 cm., bright tawny, or yellowish, plane, or cyathiform, fleshy, smooth, then breaking up into floccose, erect squamules. St. 3-4-5 x 1- 2 cm., concolorous, becoming fuscous at the base, excentric, or lateral, rarely central, tomentose. Tubes whitish becoming yellow, adnato- decurrent, 2-5 mm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, large, angular, toothed. Flesh yellowish, soft, becoming firm. Spores white, oblong, or oblong fusiform, 14-16 x 6/z, 1-guttulate. On dead oak branches, twigs, and burnt gorse stems. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1916. P. Michelii Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 1. Pier Antonio Micheli, an early mycologist. P. 5-10 cm., yellowish white, depressed, repand, fleshy pliant, minutely silky, subsquamulose. St. 2-5 x 1 cm., white, becoming fus- cous at the base, somewhat lateral, bulbous, rough. Tubes white, adnato-decurrent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, large, 2 mm. across, round, or oblong. Flesh white, firm. Spores " almost colourless, elongato-elliptical, 16-17 x 7/u," Massee. Trunks, and stumps, es- pecially willow. Sept. Rare. 372 580 POLYPOBUS **P. smooth. 1917. P. Rostkovii Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 17, as Polyporus infundibuli- formis Rostk. Dr Friedrich Wilhelm Theophilus Rostkovius, one of the editors and illustrators of Sturm's Deutschlands Flora. P. 3-15 cm., smoke colour, or sometimes yellowish, dimidiato-mfundi- buliform, fleshy pliant, thin, smooth, even. St. 7-15 cm., black, ex- centric, often connate and caespitose at the thickened base, reticu- lated. Tubes white, then dingy yellowish, very decurrent, 4-8 mm. long; orifice of pores white, then ochraceous, large, pentagonal, or oblong, acute, toothed. Flesh white, soft. Spores " almost colourless, elongate- elliptical, 14-16 x 5-6 //." Massee, "guttulate" Quel. Smell pleasant. Stumps, and trunks, especially ash. July Jan. Uncommon. V. P. compound, many pileoli arising from a common trunk, or tubercle, or caespitose and imbricate. Spores white, or pale yellow- ish. Of large size, growing on wood or the roots of trees. A. P. fleshy, firm, many pileoli arising from a common stalk. 1918. P. umbellatus Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 91, no. 200. Umbella, a parasol. P. 1-4 cm., fuliginous, rufous, or pallid light yellow, rarely white, convex, umbilicate, entire, pruinose, or villose. St. 2-3 x -5-1 cm., white, branched, arising from a common stalk which is often developed from a sclerotium, each branch giving rise to a separate p., pruinose. Tubes white, decurrent, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores white, minute, round, or angular. Flesh white, soft, elastic. Spores white, oblong, or pip-shaped, 7-9 x 3/x, 1-2-guttulate. Smell pleasant. Edible. Forming large tufts on and around old stumps. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1919. P. frondosus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 91, no. 201. Frondosus, leafy. P. 2-6 cm., fuliginous grey, or greyish tan colour; margin often white, dimidiate, spathulate, lobed, intricately recurved, rugose, pruinose, or villose. St. 10-30 x 510 cm., white, Incoming discoloured, sparingly branched, smooth. Tubes white, decurrent, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores white, very small, round, or polygonal, then denticulate. Flesh white, becoming discoloured, fibrous, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 6 x 5/z, punctate. Smell of new meal. Edible, but rather tough. Forming large tufts on oaks, hornbeam, and old stumps. Sept. Oct. Not un- common, (v.v.) 1920. P. intybaceus Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 92, no. 202. evrvftov, chicory. P. 3-6 cm., pale yellowish inclining to fuscous, nut colour becoming POLYPORUS 581 brownish, much branched, and divided up into numerous spathulate lobes, undulate, sinuous, often conchate. St. 2-3 x 1-5-4 cm., white, gradu- ally spreading and dividing into the lobes of the p. Tubes white, decur- rent, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming fuscous, minute, round. Flesh white, often becoming reddish, soft, elastic. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3ju. Smell often like that of mice. Edible but rather tough. Forming large tufts on beech, oak trees and on stumps. Sept Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1921. P. cristatus (Pers.) Fr. Krombh. t. 48, figs. 15 and 16. Cristatus, crested. P. 5-10 cm., rufous greenish, or greenish yellow, entire, or dimidiate, or spathulate, scalloped, or lobed, depressed, subpulverulently villose, then rimosely squamulose. St. 2-5-6 x 1-2 cm., white, or lemon yellow, becoming discoloured, irregularly shaped, connate, rarely simple, glabrous. Tubes whitish, decurrent, 12 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming discoloured, minute, angular, toothed. Flesh white, becoming discoloured, soft, fragile. Spores white, subglobose, 5-6 x 5/x, with a large central gutta. Beech woods. Sept. Oct. Eare. (v.v.) B. P. at first soft and succulent, then dry and fragile, arising from a tubercle, or caespitose. Pores yellow, or flesh colour. *Flesh white, or yellowish. 1922. P. sulphurous (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 113. Sulphureus, like sulphur. P. 10-40 cm., reddish yellow, or orange, becoming paler with age, imbricated, undulated, pruinose, sessile, rarely stalked. Tubes sulphur yellow, becoming paler, -5 mm. long; orifice of pores bright sulphur yellow, becoming pale, minute, round. Flesh light yellowish, then white, soft, cheesy, often exuding a sulphur yellow milk when broken and quite fresh. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 5ju,, minutely papillose. Taste acid. Said to be edible. On stumps, and trunks of willows, oaks, alders, walnuts, poplars, apples, ashes, yews, pines, etc. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. ramosus (Bull.) Quel. Ramosus, branching. Differs from the type in dividing up into several digitate-like, cylin- drical branches covered with the pores. On oaks, and willows. Aug. Sept. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. albolabyrinthiporus Rea. Albus, white; \aftv pivOos, intricate; tropo^, a pore. Differs from the type in the white, labyrinthiform, torn pores, and in the flesh being white from the first. On an oak. Nov. Uncommon. (v.v.) 582 POLYPORUS 1923. P. imbricatus (Bull.) Fr. (= Polyporus sulphureus (Bull.) Fr. sec. Lloyd.) Rostk. Polyp, t. 21. Imbricatus, covered with tiles. P. 50-100 cm., yellowish tawny, or buff, becoming pale; margin pale, somewhat zoned, imbricated, very broad, lobed, and undulated, glabrous, sessile, rarely stalked. Tubes pale, becoming dirty yellowish, long, thin; orifice of pores pale, becoming concolorous with the p., minute, round. Flesh becoming fuscous when moist, white when dry, somewhat firm, fibrillosely cheesy. Taste bitter. Smell "like Gentian root" Bulliard, or "seed-cake" W. G. Sm. Oak trunks. June Nov. Rare. 1924. P. Herbergii (Rostk.) B. & Br. Rostk. Polyp, t. 18. Herbergius. P. 10-20 cm., bright rusty bay, becoming sulphur yellow towards the margin, imbricated, minutely velvety, becoming almost glabrous, sessile. Tubes pale grey, 4-8 mm. long; orifice of pores pale grey, labyrinthiform, unequal, torn, and toothed. Caespitose. On trunks. Oct. Rare. **Flesh deeply coloured. 1925. P. spongia Fr. (= Polyporus Schweinitzii Fr. sec. Lloyd.) Fr. Icon. t. 180, fig. 2. a-TToyyid, a sponge. P. 5-30 cm., brownish ferruginous, becoming tawny ferruginous when dry, dimidiate, connate in broad, dense tufts, or imbricate, then flat- tened, wrinkled, rugulose, strigosely tomentose, sessile, or stalked. Tubes light yellow, becoming brownish, 2mm. long; orifice of pores light yellow, soon becoming brownish, small, round, or angular, entire. Flesh rhubarb colour, becoming paler, spongy, soft, finally fragile. Spores very pale yellow, elliptical, 7 x 4/z. Caespitose. Coniferous stumps. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1926. P. Schweinitzii Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 79, fig. 3. Ludwig David von Schweinitz, the American mycologist. P. 10-40 cm., bright tawny, disc becoming date brown with the ex- ception of the yellowish tawny margin, and finally becoming entirely fuscous, regular and plano-cup-shaped, or irregular, dimidiate, and imbricate, rugose, strigosely tomentose, fibrillose. St. 3-12 x 5-6 cm., ferruginous, sometimes wanting, strigose. Tubes greenish yellow, de- current, 3-5 mm. long; orifice of pores greenish yellow, broad, angular, often irregular. Flesh rhubarb colour, becoming fuscous, spongy, then fibrillose, and finally fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 7-8 x 4^i, with a large central gutta. On stumps, and roots of conifers. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) P. rufescens Fr. = Daedalea biennis (Bull.) Quel. POLYPORUS 583 C. P. firm, tough, subcoriaceous, corky, or leathery. Caespitose. 1927. P. giganteus (Pers.) Fr. (= Polyporus acanthoides (BuU.) Quel.) Boud. Icon. t. 153. yi>ya<;, a giant. P. 10-80 cm., date brown, at first pale, then brownish yellow, disc at length black, densely imbricated, dimidiate, very broad, flaccid, sub- zoned, rivulose, depressed behind, cuticle breaking up into granules or fibrillose squamules. St. 3-10 x 2-5 cm., whitish, connato-branched from a common tubercle, sometimes wanting. Tubes whitish, decur- rent, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming fuliginous and black when touched or rubbed, round, or angular, minute. Flesh white, becoming black, tough, subcoriaceous. Spores white, globose, 4-5 /A, with a large central gutta. Smell sour. Taste unpleasant. Forming dense masses at the base of beeches, oaks, elms, chestnuts, and robinias. July Jan. Common, (v.v.) 1928. P. acanthoides (Bull.) Fr. aicavdos, acanthus; etSos, like. P. 590 cm., ferruginous, or pale chestnut, densely imbricated, in- fundibulif orm, inciso-dimidiate, subzoned, longitudinally rugose, thin. St. white, then rufescent, connato-branched. Tubes white, then rufescent, short; orifice of pores white, then rufescent, lamelloso-sinuate, thin, toothed. Flesh faintly rufous, thin, 4-6 mm. thick, pliant, then coriaceous. Spores white, "subglobose, 4 x 3/u," Massee. In dense clusters on trunks, roots, and buried wood. Sept. Rare. 1929. P. alligatus Fr. (= Polyporus imberbis (Bull.) Quel.) Alligatus, bound up. P. 2-5-8 cm., tan isabelline, imbricated, unequal, very variable, irregularly club-shaped, or variously expanded, dilated, often circular in outline, undulate, villose, sessile. Tubes white, short; orifice of pores white, minute, readily stopped up with flocci. Flesh paler, rigid, fibrous. Spores "pale, elliptical, 6 x 7/u," Massee. On roots, often wrapping round stipules and grasses. Sept. Rare. 1930. P. heteroclitus (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 164, as Boletus heteroclitus Bolt. erepo/eXtTo?, leaning to one side. P. 6 cm., orange, sessile, flat, expanded on all sides from a radical tubercle, lobed, villose. Tubes golden yellow, short; orifice of pores yellow, becoming brownish, irregular, and elongate. On the ground under oaks. Jan. Rare. P. salignus Fr. = Daedalea saligna Fr. B. Sessile. VI. P. with a rigid crust, often resinous. Tubes heterogeneous, separable ; pores round, rarely polygonal. Spores white, or slightly coloured. Cystidia coloured, or none. Annual. Growing on wood. 584 POLYPORUS 1931. P. betulinus (Bull.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 229. Betula, birch. P. 7-30 cm., pale, becoming brownish with age and often mottled, roundish, or reniform, attached by a narrow, bossy base which some- times forms a short stalk; pellicle smooth, thin, separating; margin very obtuse, sterile. Tubes white, 2-8 mm. long, often separating; orifice of pores white, becoming darker, minute, round. Flesh white, soft, then corky. Spores white, oblong, 5-7 x 2/x, often curved. Birch, rarely beech. Common, (v.v.) 1932. P. quercinus (Schrad.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 154. Quercus, oak. P. 7-15 x 5-12 cm., pale tan, or tinged with red, and becoming reddish when bruised or with age, tongue-shaped, convexo-plane, narrowed behind into a thick horizontal stem, at first floccoso-granular, or minutely squamulose, becoming smooth; margin obtuse, sometimes lobed. Tubes whitish, 4 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, or yellowish, becoming reddish when bruised, and finally concolorous, minute, round. Flesh whitish, lemon yellow under the cuticle and at the base of the tubes, often pinkish elsewhere when young, especially in the stem, 1-5 2-5 cm. thick, floccose, soft, then hardened. Spores white, often yellowish, oblong, 10-12 x 4-5/Li, slightly granular inside. Taste very bitter. Oaks, and oak logs. May Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 1933. P. dryadeus (Pers.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 458. fy>0<?, oak. P. 7 30 cm., yellowish, then ferruginous and becoming brown, dimi- diate, horizontal, pulvinate, imbricate, cuticle thin, soft, pruinose, rugged, becoming even, smooth; margin often exuding watery drops. Tubes ferruginous, 10-30 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, round, small. Flesh ferruginous, subzoned, soft, becoming corky, thick. Spores pale ferruginous in the mass, yellowish under the microscope, globose, 6-8 x 6-7 (JL, 1-guttulate. Cystidia "sparse, straight, 40 x 8/z." Lloyd. Taste acid, the drops very astringent from the tannic acid they contain. At the base of oaks. May Dec. Common, (v.v .) VII. P. villose, velvety, or strigose, without a cuticle. Flesh coloured, moist, then firm, and fragile. Tubes heterogeneous, separable, coloured. Spores white, or coloured. Cystidia coloured, or wanting. Annual. Growing on wood. 1934. P. hispidus (Bull.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 158. Hispidus, shaggy. P. 10-30 cm., yellowish, then ferruginous and finally blackish, dimidiate, pulvinate, thick, very hispid, shaggy. Tubes ferruginous, 2-3 cm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, becoming concolorous, small, round, becoming torn, often exuding watery drops. Flesh ferruginous, 2-5-10 cm. thick, spongy, fibrous, becoming dry and fragile. Spores brown, subglobose, 9-10 x 7-8/x, often apiculate, 1-multi-guttulate. POLYPORTJS 585 Cystidia sparse, or absent. Ashes, apples, and walnuts. May Feb. Common, (v.v.) 1935. P. cuticularis (Bull.) Fr. Cuticula, a thin external skin. P. 7-30 cm., tawny, then ferruginous fuscous and finally blackish, applanate, dimidiate, rather triquetrous, imbricate, becoming plane, thin, hairy, tomentose, obsoletely zoned, becoming smooth; margin incurved, fimbriate. Tubes dark brown, 3-10 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, glistening, then concolorous, small, round, or angular, often torn. Flesh dark brown, thin, 3-10 mm. thick, fibrillose, hard. Spores ferruginous, elliptical, 6-7 x 4-5 /z. Cystidia sparse, or absent. Beeches, birches, and hornbeams. Aug. Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1936. P. benzoinus (Wahlenb.) Fr. (= Polyporus fuliginosus (Scop.) Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc n, t. 12. Benzoin, a fragrant, resinous juice. P. 7-12 cio.., fuscous rubiginous, shell-shaped, dimidiate, often con- stricted at the base, subimbricate, often marked with metallic, bluish zones, tomentose, becoming rugose when old, and darker. Tubes whitish, or yellowish, 6-10 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming ferruginous, minute, round, or deltoid. Flesh fuscous, then pale wood colour, firm. Spores white, oblong, 4-5 x 2-2-5ju,, curved. Smell very pleasant, aromatic. Cedars and Abies. Oct. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1937. P. cryptarum (Bull.) Fr. KpvTmj, a vault. P. 10-20 cm., tawny, or brown, becoming paler, effuso-reflexed, im- bricate, wrinkled, silky, distilling drops. Tubes cinnamon, very long; orifice of pores ochraceous, minute, round. Flesh cinnamon, thick, or thin, spongy, then corky. Abies, and rotting coniferous wood. Not uncommon. 1938. P. rutilans (Pers.) Fr. (= Polyporus nidulans Fr. sec. Quel.) Pers. Icon, et Desc. fung. min. cogn. t. 6, fig. 3. Rutilans, becoming reddish. P. 2-6 cm., tawny-cinnamon or reddish grey, becoming pale, convex, effused behind, imbricate, rarely solitary, villose, becoming smooth; margin inflexed, obtuse, unequal. Tubes white, becoming concolorous, 1-3 mm. long; orifice of tubes white, glistening, soon becoming con- colorous, minute, round. Flesh concolorous, firm, pliant, giving a blue juice when extracted with alcohol. Spores white, globose, 4/u,. Smell pleasant. Fallen branches, and dead aspens. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1939. P. nidulans Fr. (= Polyporus rutilans (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Saund. & Sm. t. 45, as Polyporus rutilans. Nidus, a nest. P. 2-5-5 cm., pale yellowish, or flesh colour, pulvinate, solitary, convex above and below, villose, becoming smooth ; margin spreading, obtuse. 586 POLYPORUS Tubes cinnamon, 2-5 mm. long; orifice of pores concolorous, becoming purplish when bruised, rather large, angular. Flesh pale cinnamon, very soft, easily compressed, giving a blue juice when extracted with alcohol. Spores white, pip-shaped, 4-5 x 1-5-2-5/n. Smell pleasant when dried. Twigs, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1940. P. gilvus Schwein. Gilvus, pale yellow. P. 5-10 cm., brown, becoming pale yellowish, applanate, often im- bricate, even, often rugulose. Tubes brown, 3-10 mm. long; orifice of pores brown, small, round. Flesh bright yellow, becoming cinnamon brown when old, hard, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 45 x 3'5-^4/M, 1-guttulate. " Cystidia abundant, slender, sharp, projecting, 12-16/n " Lloyd. Deciduous trees, especially beech. Jan. Rare, (v.v.) 1941. P. radiatus (Sow.) Fr. Radiatus, radiate. P. 2-6 cm., tawny, margin yellow, becoming ferruginous fuscous, dimidiate, very imbricate, radiately rugose, minutely velvety, becoming smooth; margin spreading, repand. Tubes ferruginous, 4-5 mm. long; orifice of pores silvery, glistening, minute, round, or angular. Flesh pale cinnamon, fibrous, hard, rigid. Spores white, subglobose, 5 x 4/u,. Cystidia coloured, fusiform, 20-30 x 5-8/M, sparse. Beeches, birches, and especially on alders. Sept. April. Common, (v.v.) 1942. P. nodulosus Fr. (= Polyporus polymorphus Rostk.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 16. " Nodulosus, full of little knobs. P. 1-3 cm., fulvous, then rust coloured, triquetrous, nodular, connate, villose, rugose, rough. Tubes light cinnamon, 1-5 mm. long; orifice of pores silvery, glistening, minute, round, unequal, acutely torn. Flesh paler, very hard. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/n. Beeches. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) P. polymorphus Rostk. = Polyporus nodulosus Fr. VIII. P. villose, fioccose, orfibrillose, rarely smooth, without a cuticle. Flesh white, fibrous, soft, zoned, putrescent. Tubes heterogeneous, often separable. Spores white, pale blue in 1954. Cystidia present, or none. Annual. Growing on wood. t Pores coloured. 1943. P. amorphus Fr. a/uo/><o9, misshapen. P. 3-4 cm., white, effuso-reflexed, or dimidiate, imbricate, some- times resupinate, silky, or tomentose. Tubes white, becoming golden, or pinkish, short; orifice of pores concolorous, round, or irregular and torn. Flesh white, soft, pliant, " subgelatinous " Lloyd. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5/x, 1-guttulate. Trunks, stumps, and needles of various conifers. Sept. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) , POLYPORUS 587 1944. P. armeniacus Berk. (= Polyporus amorphus Fr. sec. Cke.) Armeniaca, apricot. P. 8cm., white, broadly effused, suborbicular, confluent; margin minutely downy. Tubes white, then bright buff, changing to deep cinna- mon during drying, short ; orifice of pores concolorous, minute, round, rather irregular, often confined to the centre. Flesh whitish, very thin. Spores "white, elliptical, 7 x 4-5/i" Massee. Fir, and pine bark. Sept. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1945. P. adiposus B. & Br. (= Polyporus undatus Pers. sec. Bres.) Lloyd, Synop. Sec. Apus. Gen. Polyp, figs. 662 and 663, as Polyporus undatus. Adiposus, fat. P. 1-1-5 cm., white, here and there acquiring a foxy tinge, efhiso- reflexed, often entirely resupinate, obscurely tomentose. Tubes whitish, tinged in places with brown, short, or long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming brownish, either small and round, or angular and torn. Flesh white, waxy, soft. Spores white, globose, 4-5/i, 1-guttu- late. The whole fungus turns brown in drying. Ditch sides, ground beside stumps, and mosses. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1946. P. albus (Huds.) Fr. Albus, white. P. 3-9 cm., white, becoming greyish, dimidiate, shell-shaped, smooth. Tubes white, becoming reddish, short; orifice of pores white, then reddish, small, round, becoming irregular. Flesh white, soft, zoned. Spores "white, oval, 6ju,, punctate" Quel. Willows, and beeches. Nov. March. Rare. 1947. P. fumosus (Pers.) Fr. Fumosus, smoky. P. 4-12 cm., pale ochraceous, then fuliginous, and becoming black at the margin, dimidiate, adnate and dilated behind, imbricate, minutely tomentose, becoming smooth. Tubes whitish cream, then smoky, short; orifice of pores whitish, becoming fuliginous, minute, round. Flesh whitish, firm, fibrous, somewhat zoned. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/z, often with a basal apiculus. Smell strong, or none. Willows, beeches, birches, and poplars. July March. Common, (v.v.) var. fragrans (Peck) Rea. Fragrans, scented. Differs from the type in the sweet smell, and concolorous margin of the p. Willow, and elm stumps. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1948. P. adustus (Willd.) Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. t. 18, fig. 2. Adustus, swarthy. P. 3-7 cm., cinereous pallid, becoming black at the margin, effuso- reflexed, dimidiate, orbicular, imbricate, sometimes entirely resupinate, villose, obsoletely zoned, slightly wrinkled. Tubes cinereous, short; orifice of pores at first whitish pruinose, soon cinereous fuscous, 588 POLYPORUS becoming blackish when dry, minute, round, marginal ones obsolete and leaving a whitish margin on the underside. Flesh white, then grey or black, soft, floccose, pliant, 3-5 mm. thick. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5-3/x. Smell none, rarely fragrant. Trunks, stumps, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. crispus (Pers.) Quel. Kostk. Polyp, t. 37. Crispus, crisped. Differs from the type in the lobed, crisped margin of the p., and the larger, unequal pores becoming labyrinthiform. Stumps, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) ft Pores white. *0rifice dentate. 1949. P. lacteus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 182, fig. 1. Lacteus, milk white. P. 3-7 cm., shining white, triangular, transversely elongated, sloping downwards, gibbous behind, pubescent, at length smooth and uneven; margin inflexed, acute. Tubes white, 2-6 mm. long; orifice of pores concolorous, medium sized, toothed, at length labyrinthiform and torn into Sistotrema-like teeth. Flesh white, soft, fragile, generally thinner than the length of the tubes. Spores white, elliptical, or pip- shaped, 4-5 x 2-2-5/x,,' 1-guttulate. Taste astringent. Stumps, and fallen branches. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1950. P. fragilis Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 182, fig. 2. Fragilis, brittle. P. 3-6 cm., whitish, becoming spotted with fuscous when touched, piano-depressed, reniform, dimidiate, sometimes attenuated behind into a stem-like base and pendulous, convex beneath, villose, rugose. Tubes whitish, 2-6 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming fuscous when bruised, round, or angular, becoming sinuous and labyrinthi- form, pubescent. Flesh white, becoming discoloured, fragile, fibrous. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 2-5-3/u,, 1-2-guttulate. Taste somewhat bitter. Stumps, and branches of conifers. Aug. Nov. Uncommon. (v.v.) 1951. P. Wynnei B. & Br. Mrs Lloyd Wynne. P. 1-6 cm., tan colour, sometimes whitish at first, effuso-reflexed, adnate behind, confluent, incrusting, marked with silky raised lines. Tubes white, 1-2 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming tan colour when dried, angular, fimbriate. Flesh white, soft, becoming hard and fragile. Spores white, elliptical, or pip-shaped, 3-4 x 2-3/u, 1-guttu- late. Incrusting twigs, leaves, and branches. Sept. Dec. Un- common, (v.v.) 1952. P. mollis (Pers.) Fr. Mollis, soft. P. 2-5-8 cm., white, becoming reddish when bruised or with age, dimidiate, imbricate, rugose, silky, fibrillose; margin acute. Tubes POLYPORUS 589 white, 3-10 mm. long; orifice of pores white, spotted with red when touched, large, elongate, unequal, flexuose. Flesh white, becoming red- dish when cut, soft, firm when dry, fragile, thick. Spores white, ellip- tical, 5-6 x 2-3 JLI. Pine stumps. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1953. P. Keithii B. & Br. Rev. Dr James Keith. P. 12 mm., bright red brown, shell-shaped, effuso-reflexed, narrowed behind, rough with rigid, tooth-shaped processes. Tubes and pores pallid, large, angular, lacerated. Spores "white, elliptical, 6 x 3 /A" Massee. Fallen sticks. Eare. 1954. P. caesius (Schrad.) Fr. Caesius, bluish grey. P. 1-8 cm., white, then tinged with bluish grey, dimidiate, often im- bricate, rarely stipitate, sometimes resupinate, villose, or silky. Tubes white, 3-9 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming bluish grey when touched, small, unequal, flexuose, toothed. Flesh white, bluish when broken, soft, watery, then firm. Spores pale blue, oblong, 45 x 1 1-5/Lt, 1-guttulate, often curved. Stumps, and dead branches of coni- fers, more rarely on deciduous trees. March Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1955. P. trabeus Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 28. rpd^r/^, a beam. P. 5-10 cm., white, becoming pallid, often tinged with ochre or bistre, effuso-reflexed, transversely elongated, minutely pubescent, or smooth. Tubes white, 2-6 mm. long; orifice of pores white, somewhat round, or toothed and labyrinthiform. Flesh white, obsoletely zoned, floccose, then firm. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/z. Conifers, and yews. Oct. Feb. Rare, (v.v.) 1956. P. destructor (Schrad.) Fr. Krombh. t. 5, fig. 8. Destructor, destroyer. P. 5-15 cm., fuscous whitish, effuso-reflexed, sometimes resupinate, rugose, subundulate, pubescent. Tubes white, 3-8 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming discoloured with age, somewhat round, toothed, or torn. Flesh whitish, watery, fleshy, thick, zoned. Spores white, subglobose, 3-4 x 3^i. Smell sometimes strong. Conifers, and worked wood. May Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. undulatus (Fr.) Sacc. Undulatus, wavy. Differs from the type in the broadly expanded, marginate, whitish bay brown p. **0rifice entire. 1957. P. epileucus Fr. eVtXeu/co?, whitish. P. 7-12 cm., whitish, or yellowish, becoming ochraceous when dried, dimidiate, pulvinate, concave below, villous-rugged. Tubes whitish, 4-18 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming yellowish, minute, round. Flesh whitish, becoming yellowish, cheesy-soft, 2-5-5 cm. thick, 590 POLYPORUS scarcely zoned. Spores white, oval, 4/i. Beech, birch, elm, poplar, willow, and fir stumps. Sept. Nov. Rare. (v.v.) 1958. P. spumeus (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. fung. t. 211. Spumeus, frothy. P. 7-16 cm., whitish, dimidiate, pulvinate, gibbous, rugosely hispid, or floccose, becoming smooth; margin incurved. Tubes whitish, 2- 8 mm. long; orifice of pores whitish, becoming discoloured, minute, round, or linear, separable. Flesh whitish, soft, becoming hard, and discoloured, zoned towards the margin. Spores white, globose, 7-9 /A, multi-guttulate. Beech, pear, apple, ash, hornbeam, elm, oak, willow, and birch trunks and stumps. April Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) P. borealis Fr. = Daedalea borealis (Wahlenb.) Quel. 1959. P. tephroleucus Fr. Kostk. Polyp, t. 26. 5, ash-coloured; Xeu6<?, white. P. 5-10 cm., grey, triquetrous, applanate, often imbricate, plane beneath, unequal, villose, becoming smooth; margin obtuse, flexuose, often white, and becoming blackish when touched. Tubes white, 10- 15 mm. long; orifice of pores white, round, small, becoming toothed and fimbriate. Flesh white, zoned with grey or bistre, subgelatinous, soft, becoming firm and fragile. Spores white, allantoid, 4-5 x 1- 1-5/A, slightly curved. Beech, and pine stumps, and logs. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1960. P. alutaceus Fr. Kostk. Polyp, t. 30, as Polyporus epixanthus Kostk. Aluta, tanned leather. P. 2-5-5 cm., tan, reniform, convex, or flattened, often connate, subimbricate, plane beneath, somewhat velvety and rugose; margin acute, even. Tubes whitish tan colour, 3-18 mm. long; orifice of pores yellowish, minute, round. Flesh white, or yellowish, soft, then tough and fragile, obsoletely zoned. Spores "with a slight ochraceous tinge, subglobose, 4ju," Massee. Beech, and pine stumps and trunks. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 1961. P. stipticus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 181, fig. 2. ffrvTTTiKos, astringent. P. 3-6 cm., white, dimidiate, pulvinate, often imbricate, minutely pubescent, becoming smooth; margin obtuse, becoming reddish. Tubes white, 6-8 mm. long; orifice of pores at first with white milk-like drops, becoming slightly rufescent when dry, small, round, or irregular. Flesh white, soft, then hard, 1-5 cm. thick. Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x 1-5/A, slightly curved, guttulate. Taste astringent. Pine trunks and stumps. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) POLYPOBUS. SISTOTBEMA 591 1962. P. chioneus Fr. Pers. Myc. Eur. n, 1. 15, figs. 4, 5. xidav, snow. P. 2-5 cm., white, dimidiate, sometimes constricted behind into a stem-like base, becoming even, smooth; margin inflexed, thin, acute. Tubes white, short; orifice of pores white, minute, round, becoming toothed with age. Flesh white, soft, watery, then rigid. Spores white, "elliptical oblong, 5 /A, incurved" Quel. Taste astringent. Birch stumps, and fallen branches. June Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1963. P. pallescens Fr. Pallescens, growing pale. P. 4-7-5 cm., yellowish, dimidiate, subcaespitose, even, smooth; margin acute. Tubes white, short; orifice of pores white, becoming yellowish, minute, round. Flesh yellowish, soft, then corky. Spores "ellipsoid, 6-8 x 4/i" Sacc. Old stumps. Bare. 1964. P. albidus Trog. Schaeff. Icon. t. 124. AlUdus, whitish. P. 6-10 cm., white, globose, shell-shaped, triquetrous, or sub- applanate, sometimes slightly stalked, dry, dull smooth. Tubes white, short; orifice of pores white, round, at length sinuate and splitting. Flesh white, hard, corky- woody. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4 JJL. Abies. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 1965. P. cerebrums B. & Br. Cerebrinus, brain-like. P. 2-5 cm., snow white, pulvinate, resupinate, delicately tomentose, becoming smooth; margin crenate. Tubes and orifice of pores white, rather large, round, entire, smooth. Flesh white, 6 mm. thick. Spores "white, subfusiform, 5 x 2-5 /z" Massee. Fir. Aug. Rare. Sistotrema (Pers.) Fr. (cmo-ro?, shaking; rprjfjua, a hole.) Pileus fleshy, hemispherical, spathulate, effuso-reflexed, or resupi- nate. Stem central, lateral, or none. Tubes becoming broken up into teeth, or plates, and anastomosing at the base. Flesh pale, or coloured. Spores white, subglobose, oboval, or oblong; smooth, or echinulate; basidia with 4-8-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground, or on wood. 1966. S. confluens (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 169. Confluens, confluent. P. 1-2-5 cm., white, then yellowish, hemispherical, spathulate, or irregular, horizontal, villose; margin often yellowish, flexuose. St. 5-2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., white, or ochraceous, central, or lateral, often connate, attenuated downwards, pruinose. Tubes concolorous, be- coming broken up into teeth, or plates, flexuose, entire, or toothed, pruinose. Flesh white, often yellowish at the base of the teeth, thin, firm. Spores white, oval, subglobose, 4-5 x 3-4/u,, 1-multi-guttulate. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 592 SISTOTREMA. FOMES 1967. S. sulphureuin (Quel.) Bourd. & Galz. Quel. Ass. fr. (1893), t. in, fig. 10, as Daedalea sulphurea Quel. Sulphur eum, sulphur colour. P. 1-2 cm., whitish sulphur, or citron yellow, effused, little adnate; margin concolorous, similar, or fibrillosely fringed. Spines sulphur, then ochraceous orange, or tawny, apex white, pubescent, obtuse, scat- tered, forming flexuose plates. Flesh concolorous, floccose, spider- web-like, fibrillose, membranaceous, thin. Spores "light yellow, sub- hyaline, at first smooth, then rough, spines hyaline, fugacious, oboval, oblong, apiculate at the base" Bourd. & Galz. Bare earth, stones, herbaceous roots and buried twigs. Jan. Dec. (The type has not yet been recorded for Britain.) var. variecolor (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum variecolor Fr.) Variecolor, of different colours. Differs from the type in the white subiculum, the variable, scattered, yellow, then tawny spines, and the oboval, echinulate spores, 7-8 x 4-6 /z,. Dead oak stumps. Oct. Rare. Fr. (Fomes, tinder.) Pileus hard, woody, or corky, dimidiate, hoof -shaped, or resupinate, sessile, often concentrically zoned, and covered with a rigid crust. Tubes homogeneous, or heterogeneous, often stratose. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores white, or coloured, globose, subglobose, elliptical, or elliptic-oblong, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent, coloured or hyaline. Perennial. Growing on wood. *Flesh deeply coloured. 1968. F. fomentarius (Linn.) Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 62. Fomentum, touch- wood. P. 10-60 cm., greyish, becoming hoary, hoof-shaped, or dimidiate, attached by a broad base, 7-20 cm. thick, remotely and concentrically sulcate, opaque, pruinose, cuticle thick and very hard. Tubes ferrugi- nous, 13 cm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores glaucous pruinose, then ferruginous, minute, round. Flesh dark brown, soft, floccose, very thick. Spores hyaline, elliptic oblong, 16-18 x 5jii, 1-3-guttulate. Beeches, oaks, limes, hornbeams, and birches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. nigrescens (Klotzsch) Lloyd. Lloyd, Polyp. Issue, fig. 210. Nigrescens, becoming black. Differs from the type in its black, shining, strongly concentrically sulcate crust. Beeches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) FOMES 593 1969. F. igniarius (Linn.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 132. Igniarius, belonging to fire. P. 10-30 cm., floccosely hoary, then ferruginous, and at length black- ish especially at the base, tuberculoso-globose, immarginate, hoof- shaped, or flattened, rarely resupinate, covered with a very hard, rough, uneven, often rimose cuticle; margin at first whitish, rounded, obtuse. Tubes cinnamon, becoming whitish with deposits of lime with age, 2-8 mm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores hoary, then cinnamon, minute, round. Flesh dark brown, very hard, zoned. Spores hyaline, globose, 5-7 /A, 1-multi-guttulate. Cystidia dark coloured, sparse, subulate, base ventricose, 25-30 x 7-8/z. Willows, and occasionally on ashes. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. nigricans (Fr.) Lloyd. Fr. Icon. t. 184, fig. 2. Nigricans, blackish. Differs from the type in the smooth, shining, black crust. Birches, rarely on willows. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. roburneus (Fr.) Lloyd. Robur, oak. Differs from the type in the slight, resinous exudation on the crust and the strongly silvery, glancing orifice of the pores. Willows, and oaks. Jan. Dec. Rare. 1970. F. robustus Karst. (= Polyporus Hartigii Allesch.; Fomes Hartigii (Allesch.) Sacc. & Trav.; Polyporus igniarius Linn. var. Pinuum Bres.) Robustus, firm. P. 10-40 cm., fuscous, becoming black with age, hoof -shaped, or sub- hemispherical, sessile, remotely and concentrically sulcate; cuticle concrete, rough, uneven, rigid, very hard, pilose at first, then glabrous, cracked ; orifices of pores silvery white, then concolorous, minute, round. Tubes rhubarb root colour, or pale fulvous, stratose, cylindrical. Flesh concolorous with the tubes, very firm, zoned. Spores white, globose, 7-8 //,, with a large central gutta. Setae none. Abies pectinata and oak. Jan. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1971. F. fulvus Fr. Fulvus, tawny. P. 89 cm., tawny, at length becoming hoary, convex above and be- low, adnate by a broad base, triangular in section, even, not con- centrically sulcate, at first hairy, or villose. Tubes cinnamon, short, not distinctly stratose ; orifice of pores at first covered with cinereous yellow pruina, minute, round. Flesh very hard, woody-corky. On decaying trunks, especially poplar. Oct. March. Rare. 1972. F. salicinus (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 185, fig. 1. Salicinus, belonging to willows. P. 5-30 cm. and more, cinnamon, then hoary, blackish bay at the base, undulated, smooth, pubescent, for the most part resupinate, or 38 594 FOMES in vertical positions incircled above with a narrow, undulated, short, obtuse, spreading margin. Tubes ferruginous cinnamon, short; orifice of pores silvery grey, glistening, minute, round. Flesh ferruginous cinnamon, woody, thin. Spores yellowish tawny, "elliptical, 5 x 3 p. Cystidia abundant, slightly thickened at the base, 12-35 x 6/x" Massee. Willow trunks. Sept. Oct. Common. 1973. F. conchatus (Pers.) Fr. KoyX 1 )' a mussel-shell. P. 5-8 cm., date brown, effuso-reflexed, the reflexed portion somewhat shell-shaped, concentrically sulcate, often imbricate, sometimes wholly resupinate, tomentose; margin acute. Tubes cinnamon, short; orifice of pores ashy pruinose, glistening, minute, round. Flesh light brown, hard, corky. Spores ferruginous, subglobose, 5-6 x 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia abundant, slightly thickened at the base, 15-30 x 7-9 /x. Willows, and beeches. Feb. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1974. F. Ribis (Schum.) Fr. (= Polyporus pectinatus (Klotzsch) Quel.) Ribes, currant. P. 525 cm., ferruginous fuscous, bright yellow at the margin, be- coming dark at the base, horizontal, imbricate, flattened, concentrically zoned, velvety, strigose. Tubes cinnamon, 2-4 mm. long, often stra- tose; orifice of pores yellow, then cinnamon, minute, round. Flesh cinnamon, floccose, soft. Spores fuscous, globose, 3-4 x 3 /A, 1-guttu- late. Currants, gooseberries, hawthorns, and spindle. Jan. Dec Not uncommon, (v.v.) F. Euonymi (Kalchbr.) Cke. = Fomes Ribis (Schum.) Fr. F. pectinatus (Klotzsch) Fr. = Fomes Ribis (Schum.) Fr. 1975. F. pomaceus (Pers.) Big. & Guill. Pomum, fruit. P. 3-5 cm., fuscous, becoming cinereous, dimidiate, triquetrous, or somewhat hoof-shaped, often subresupinate, delicately silky, or almost smooth. Tubes cinnamon, 4-6 mm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores whitish, then cinnamon, minute, round, pruinose. Flesh light brown, firm, woody. Spores white, globose, 6 x 5-6/n. Cystidia abun- dant, deep mahogany brown, apexhyaline,flask-shaped, 15-20 x 7-8 JLI. Plums, rarely cherries. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. fulvus (Quel.) Rea. Fulvus, tawny. Differs from the type in its brighter tawny colour, and more tomentose p. Plums. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1976. F. ferruginosus (Schrad.) Massee. (= Poriaferruginosa (Schrad.) Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 155, as Polyporus ferruginosus. Ferruginosus, iron rust colour. P. 1-3 cm., bright ferruginous brown, becoming dusky ferruginous, effuso-reflexed, imbricate, often entirely resupinate, subtomentose, FOMES 595 rough; margin sterile. Tubes cinnamon, 2-6 mm. long, stratose; orifice of pores ferruginous, round, torn. Flesh pale ferruginous, fibrous, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 3-5 /n. Cystidia deep mahogany brown, apex paler, acutely conical, 30-52 x 6-9 /A. Logs, fallen branches, and posts. Sept. May. Common, (v.v.) 1977. F. resupinatus (Bolt.) Massee. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 165, as Boletus resupinatus Bolt. Resupinatus, supine. P. 1-2 cm., ferruginous, nodulose, often imperfect, commonly en- tirely resupinate. Tubes ferruginous, 2 5 mm. long; orifice of pores concolorous, minute, round. Flesh concolorous, thin, fibrous. Spores "colourless, elliptical, 4 x 1-5 /x. Cystidia none" Massee. Trunks, and fallen branches. Feb. Uncommon. F. obliquus (Pers.) Fr. = Poria obliqua (Pers.) Quel. **Flesh white, pallid, rosy, or violet. 1978. F. ulmarius (Sow.) Fr. (= Polyporus incanus Quel.) Hussey, lUus. Brit. Myc. t. 64. Ulmus, elm. P. 730 cm., white, becoming yellowish and discoloured with age, effused, flattened, incrusted, tubercular, becoming smooth; margin obtuse, sometimes free. Tubes cinnamon, 520 mm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores whitish, becoming yellowish, minute, round. Flesh white, becoming yellowish with age., corky- woody, very hard. Spores white, globose, 6-7 /A, 1-guttulate. At the base of old elms, and elm stumps, rarely higher up. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1979. F. fraxineus (Bull.) Fr. (= Polyporus incanus Quel.; Polyporus cytisinus Berk.) Fraxinus, an ash tree. P. 7-25 cm., whitish, becoming rubiginous and fuscous, applanate, dimidiate, sometimes imbricate, glabrous, often coarsely tuberculated ; margin incurved, pubescent at first. Tubes pale cinnamon, 5-25 mm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores white, becoming greyish, minute, round, or oblong. Flesh yellowish, somewhat zoned, soft, becoming hard and woody. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 x 6/i. Smell often strong. Ashes, and laburnums. Jan. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) F. cytisinus (Berk.) Massee = Fomes fraxineus (Bull.) Fr. 1980. F. annosus Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 186, fig. 2. Annosus, full of years. P. 7-45 cm., bay brown, becoming blackish, convex, then becoming plane, imbricate, sometimes resupinate, rugoso-tubercular, sulcately zoned, silky, then with a rigid, smooth crust; margin at first white, thin. Tubes yellowish, 4-8 mm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores whitish, round, or polygonal, obtuse. Flesh white, or yellowish, soft, becoming hard. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 x 4/z,, 1-guttulate. At the base 382 596 FOMES of conifer trunks, and on felled and worked conifer wood, rarely on frondose trees, and wood. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1981. F. castaneus Fr. Castaneus, chestnut. P. 4-5 cm., chestnut, reniform, or applanate, imbricate, connate at the base, 4 mm. thick, smooth, glabrous. Tubes yellowish, short; orifice of pores yellowish, becoming fuscous, minute, round. Flesh white, coriaceous woody. Taste pleasant, bitter. Black poplar. Rare. 1982. F. carneus Nees. (= Fomes roseus (A. & S.) Fr. sec. Bres.) Carneus, flesh colour. P. 5-15 cm., flesh colour, effuso-reflexed, or dimidiate, imbricate, rarely solitary, rugose, smooth. Tubes pale flesh colour, short, stratose ; orifice of pores concolorous, minute, round. Flesh concolorous, thin, woody, hard. Trunks, stumps, junipers and Picea. Nov. Rare. 1983. F. roseus (A. & S.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 186, fig. 1, as Polyporus rufopallidus Trog. Roseus, rose-coloured. P. 5-10 cm., rose colour, then reddish and finally blackish brown, hoof-shaped, triangular, sulcately zoned when old, crust thin, pruinose. Tubes rose colour, short, stratose ; orifice of pores concolorous, minute, round. Flesh rose colour, corky -woody, hard. Spores white, " oblong, 10 x 4/n" Lloyd. Caespitose. On worked wood. Sept. Rare. 1984. F. connatus Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 157. Connatus, connate. P. 2-10 cm., white, becoming cinereous or blackish with age, dimidiate, densely imbricated, villose. Tubes white, then ochraceous, 1-3 mm. long, stratose; orifice of pores white, glistening, minute, round. Flesh white, becoming ochraceous, hard, woody, sometimes slightly zoned. Spores white, globose, 5-6 /i, with a large central gutta. Cystidia hyaline, capitate, 10/x wide. Poplars, elms, limes, and apple trees. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1985. F. populinus Fr. Populus, poplar. P. 1*5-5 cm., white, dimidiate, imbricate, connate at the base, villose; margin obtuse. Tubes white, short; orifice of pores white, minute, round. Flesh white, corky-woody, rigid. Spores "globose, hyaline, 3-4/u, diam." Sacc. Black and white poplars and Robinia, July Jan. Rare, (v.v.) 1986. F. variegatns (Seer.) Fr. (= Ganoderma resinaceum Boud. sec. Lloyd.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 368, as Polyporus variegatus. Variegatus, variegated. P. 7-12 cm., orange, variegated with bay, dimidiate, somewhat flat- tened, imbricate, even, smooth, shining; margin wavy. Tubes yellow- ish, short; orifice of pores yellowish, minute, round, unequal, torn. Flesh pallid, corky-woody. Trunks. Rare. GANODERMA 597 Ganoderma (Karst.) Pat. (ydvos, shining; Sep/jui, skin.) Pileus corky, stipitate, or sessile, covered with a resinous, laccate crust. Stem lateral, rarely central, or none. Tubes heterogeneous, often stratose. Flesh coloured. Spores coloured, elliptical, ovate oblong, or obovate, truncate at the base, smooth, punctate, verrucose, or echinulate, thick-walled. Cystidia none, or very rare. Annual or perennial. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground. *Spores verrucose. 1987. G. lucidnm (Leyss.) Karst. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 245, as Polyporus lucidus. Lucidus, shining. P. 5-28 cm., light yellow, becoming blood-red-chestnut, more or less reniform, sometimes flabelliform, rarely orbicular, or imbricate and sessile, polished, shining, sulcato-rugose. St. 5-18 x 1-5 cm., con- colorous and shining like the p., lateral, rarely central, sometimes wanting, rugose. Tubes white, then cinnamon, adnate, 4-12 mm. long; orifice of pores white, becoming discoloured, minute, round. Flesh whitish, at length reddish, spongy, becoming corky and woody, zoned. Spores brown, minutely verrucose, elliptical, truncate at the base, 10-12 x 6-8 n, with a large central gutta. At the base and roots of elms, oaks, hornbeams, and also in peat beds. July April. Common. (**) 1988. G. applanatum (Pers.) Pat. (= Polyporus applanatus (Pers.) Fr.) Applanatum, flattened. P. 10-40 cm., cinnamon, margin white, becoming hoary, and often dusted with the spores, dimidiate, or orbicular, often imbricate, attached by a broad base, flattened, tubercular, obsoletely zoned, pul- verulent, or smooth, covered with a laccate crust. Tubes ferruginous, 1-4 cm. long, stratose ; orifice of pores white, becoming fuscous when bruised, minute, round, or angular. Flesh cinnamon, becoming paler, very firm, thick. Spores ferruginous, minutely echinulate, broadly elliptical, truncate at the base, 9-13 x 6-8/n, 1-guttulate. Beeches, oaks, and ashes. July March. Common, (v.v.) var. vegetum (Fr.) Komell. Vegetum, vigorous. Differs from the type in the white mycelial layer interposed between each stratum of the tubes. Limes, and elms. Jan. Dec. Uncommon. (v.v.) var. laccatum (Kalchbr.) Rea. (= Polyporus resinosus (Schrad.) Quel.) Lac, a resinous excretion left by the lac insect. Differs from the type in the yellow orifice of the pores. Beeches. July Oct. Not uncommon (v.v.) 598 GANODERMA. PORIA **Spores smooth. 1989. G. australe (Fr.) Pat. (= Polyporus australis Fr. ; Polyparus vegetus Fr. sec. Pat.) Australe, southern. P. 15-30 cm. and more, deep umber chestnut, or paler, convexo- plane, dimidiate, sessile, incrusted on the surface with a sticky resinous coating, which dries up into tubercular ridges, and becomes laccate and shining; margin sterile. Tubes reddish umber, 2-3 cm. or more long, stratose; orifice of pores white, then fuscous, minute, round. Flesh dark umber chestnut, soft, very thin, 2-4 mm. thick. Smell aro- matic. Spores ochraceous, broadly elliptical, truncate at the base, 10-12 x 7-8/x, 1-guttulate. Elms. Aug. May. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1990. G. resinaceum Boud. Resina, resin. P. 15-30 cm., yellow, white at the margin, becoming blood-red-umber- chestnut, and finally concolorous, semicircular, somewhat flattened, sessile, rarely stalked, or imbricate, concentrically sulcate, the primary furrows wide, becoming shallower and more crowded with age, viscid, then varnished, very shining, becoming duller and dusted with the spores; margin at first delicately pruinose and rounded, becoming glabrous and more acute. Tubes fuscous cinnamon, -5-3 cm. long, stratose; orifice of pores white, then fuscous cinnamon, minute, round Flesh pale cinnamon, becoming paler, thick, soft. Spores fuscous, ovate oblong, or obovate, truncate at the base, 10-12 x 6-8/A, eguttulate, or 1-guttulate, epispore thick. Oaks, beeches, and pines. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) Poria (Pers.) Fr. (Tropo?, a pore.) Pileus membranaceous, coriaceous, or corky, entirely resupinate. Tubes round, or angular, often directly inserted on the mycelium. Spores white, or coloured, elliptical, pruniform, globose, subglobose, obovate, elliptic oblong, or cylindrical; smooth, or punctate. Cystidia present, or absent, hyaline, rarely coloured. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground. I. Fleshy, soft; pores minute, equal, round. *Pores persistently white, or at length becoming yellowish or reddish. 1991. P. vulgaris Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 60, as Polyporus vulgaris Fr. Vulgaris, common. P. 1-30 cm., white, sometimes yellowish, broadly effused, consisting almost entirely of the pores, thin, 1 mm. thick, arid, closely adnate, inseparable, minutely tomentose; margin smooth. Pores white, glisten- ing, 1-2 mm. long, very small, round, subequal, sometimes oblique PORIA 599 and gaping open. Spores white, "ovoid pruniform, 6/n" Quel., "allantoid, 46 x 1-25 1*5 /i, hymenial hyphae firm, undulate, not fibulate, 2-4 /A broad" Eomell. Dead wood, and branches of frondose trees. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 1992. P. mollusca (Pers.) Fr. Mollusca, soft. P. 1-11 cm., white, sometimes yellowish, effused, thin, soft; margin white, byssoid, radiately fibrillose. Pores white, then pale ochraceous, 5-1 mm. long, often confined to the centre, or here and there in patches, very small, thin, round, unequal, torn. Spores subglobose, 4 x 3-5/i. Stumps, dead wood, and branches of conifers, and on dead leaves. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 1993. P. hybrida (B. & Br.) Massee. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 289, and t. 387, fig. 6, as Boletus hybridus Sow. Hybrida, a mongrel. P. 1-18 cm., white; mycelium thick, forming a dense membrane or creeping branched strings. Pores white, 24 mm. long, in scattered patches, slender, minute. Spores "colourless, elliptic-oblong, 4 x 2ju," Massee. Oak wood, causing the dry rot of ships. Jan. Dec. Rare. 1994. P. medulla-panis (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 190, fig. 2, as Polyporus medulla panis (Jacq.). Medulla, pith, crumb; panis, bread. P. 5-10 cm., white, becoming yellowish, effused, consisting almost entirely of the pores, determinate, subundulate, firm, separable, smooth ; margin naked, distinct. Pores white, 2-4 mm. long, straight, or oblique, medium sized, entire, pruinose. Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x 1-5-2/Lt. Rotten wood, and dead branches of frondose trees, rarely on the ground. Sept. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1995. P. mucida (Pers.) Fr. (= Irpex obliquus (Schrad.) Fr. & sec. Bourd. & Maire.) Mucida, mucid. P. 2-15 cm., white, becoming pale, effused, rather thick, up to 12 mm. in depth, subimmersed, soft; margin white, indeterminate, byssoid. Pores white, then pale ochraceous, 1-3 mm. long, medium sized (seated on the crust formed of the mycelium), round, unequal, torn. Spores white, "5-6 x 3-4 p," Karst. Stumps, and dead branches of conifers. Oct. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 1996. P. vitrea (Pers.) Fr. Vitrea, glassy. P. 1-10 cm., whitish, subhy aline, waxy, broadly and unequally effused, 2-4 mm. or more thick, subundulate, indeterminate; margin shining white, thin, villose. Mycelium forming a woody stroma, tough and separable. Pores whitish, hyaline, -5-2 mm. long, straight, or oblique, very small, round, obtuse, entire. Spores "globose, ocellate, hyaline, 4/x; or ovoid, 4 x 2-5/x," Bres. Rotten beech trunks, rarely on dead fir wood. Aug. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 600 PORIA 1997. P. gilvescens Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text figs. p. 321. Gilvescens, becoming pale yellow. P. 67 cm., white, then flesh coloured, at length brownish, effused, bleeding, waxy, fleshy, then slightly coriaceous, contracted and in- rolled when dry (often tubercularly nodular and Ptychogaster-like) ; margin persistently white, tomentose. Pores white, becoming yellowish flesh coloured or reddish, 28 mm. long, angular, orifice pulverulent, often oblique, soft, subfleshy. Spores hyaline, cylindric-curved, 4-5- 5 x 1-5-2/x. Basidia clavate, 12-16 x 4/u,. Subhymenial hyphae hyaline, 2-5-3-5/x in diam., thick or thin walled, gelatinous. Hyphae of pore walls yellowish, 3/i in diam., often incrusted with mineral matter. Beech stumps. Oct. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) **Pores yellowish. 1998. P. nitida (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 160. Nitida, shining. P. 310 cm., whitish, then yellowish orange, effused, thin, subadnate, subundulate, determinate; margin villose. Pores white, then yellowish orange, shining, curt, sometimes stratose, minute, round, equal. Spores whitish, tinged yellowish, oblong, 8-9 x 3-5-4/1. Dead wood, and branches of willow, aspen, and chestnut. Nov. May. Rare. 1999. P. Laestadii Fr. & Berk. C. P. Laestadius. P. 5-20 cm., bright yellow, effused, forming confluent patches, 2-4 mm. thick, separable, tubercular. Pores bright lemon yellow, very short, sometimes stratose, round, or elongate and curved. Flesh white, very brittle, compact. Spores "5 x 2-5/i" Massee. Underside of deal boards in a hot-house. Aug. Rare. 2000. P. eupora Karst. (= Poria nitida (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) 5, typical; iropo<s, a pore. P. 2-15 cm., bright buff, or yellow, effused, adherent, or adnate, thin, somewhat shining; margin white, byssoid, at length free, glabrous. Pores bright buff or yellow, short, minute, round or subangular. Spores hyaline, elliptical, 3-4 x 1-5-2 /LI. "Cystidia hyaline, clavate, 15- 105 x 6-15/u-, upper part incrustate and verruculose" Romell. De- corticated logs, and branches. June Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2001. P. cincta Berk. Cincta, girded. P. 3-9 cm., white, turning pallid, or pale ochraceous and more or less tawny when dry, forming small, erect, scattered tufts, each surrounded by radiating, strigose fibres, at length confluent, up to 3 mm. thick in the centre of the tufts. Pores pallid ochraceous, darker when dry, 2-4 mm. long, extremely minute, scarcely visible to the naked eye, angular, dissepiments extremely thin, edge ragged. Spores "colourless, sub- globose, 4-5 /A" Massee. Old deal boards. Rare. PORIA 601 2002. P. callosa Fr. Callum, hardened skin. P. 2-9 cm., white, broadly effused, 2-4 mm. thick, even, tough, entire, separable, like soft leather. Pores white, hyaline, firm, round, equal, quite entire, obtuse. Spores hyaline, "obliquely elliptical, 6 x 3-5/1," Massee. Eotten wood, and branches. April May. Un- common, (v.v.) 2003. P. obducens (Pers.) Fr. Obducens, covering over. P. 2-8 cm., white, effused, incrusting, innate, inseparable, firm. Pores pallid tan, 2 mm. long, distinctly stratose, very small, round, equal. Spores hyaline, "elliptical, 4 x 2 /A" Massee, "subglobose, 4/u,, 1-guttulate. Cystidia with incrusted top, 12-15 x 9-15/A, or when the crust is removed, 4-5-7 fj, broad. Hyphae 3/z broad, not fibulate" Romell. Old stumps, and rotten branches of oak, elm, ash, pear, and maple. July Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) ***Pores flesh colour. 2004. P. placenta Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 188, fig. 3, as Polyporus placenta Fr. Placenta, a flat-cake, placenta. P. 5-20 cm., rosy flesh colour, widely effused, rather thick, soft, separable; margin white, byssoid, sterile. Pores rosy flesh colour, fuscous when dry, 2-6 mm. long, angular, unequal, irregularly stratose. Smell very pleasant. Spores white, elliptical, 5 x SJJL, minutely punctate. Larch stumps. Aug. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 2005. P. rhodella Fr. pooov, a rose P. 5-11 cm., white flesh colour, effused, thin, adnate, soft; margin determinate, naked. Pores white flesh colour, short, minute, somewhat round, pruinose, continuous, or in patches. Spores hyaline, "ovoid spherical, 6/u," Quel. Beech, and conifer trunks. Aug. Rare. ****Pores red. 2006. P. tufa (Schrad.) Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 62, as Polyporus haema- todus Rostk. Rufa, red. P. 2-8 cm., blood-red-rufous, effused, coriaceous, thin, adnate, even, smooth, determinate; margin byssoid when young. Pores concolorous, very small, thin, acute. Dead branches, and prostrate trunks of beech, broom, and bird cherry. Rare. 2007. P. fusco-carnea (Pers.) Fr. Fuscus, dusky; carnea, flesh colour. P. 5-15 cm., fuscous purple, effused, thin; margin definite, here and there inflexed, thick, tomentose. Pores fawn colour, or vinous brown, 1-5-4 mm. long, somewhat round. Rotten wood, and putrid trunks. Rare 602 POEIA *****Pores ferruginous. 2008. P. umbrina Fr. Kostk. Polyp, t. 27, fig. 6, as Polyporus ferrugi- nosus Fr. Umbrina, umber-coloured. P. 5-8 cm., rufous umber, effused, up to 12 mm. thick, determinate, undulato-tubercular; margin paler, distinct, smooth. Pores concolorous, 2-4 mm. long, minute, somewhat round, unequal. Spores hyaline, "ovoid, 6-7 /A" Quel. Trunks, and dead wood. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) II. Flesh thin ; pores unequal, angular, or rather large. *Pores white, or yellowish, and becoming yellowish red or greenish. 2009. P. radula (Pers.) Fr. Radula, a rasp. P. 28 cm., white, effused, thin, made up of the naked, tomentose mycelium, closely compacted, soft, separable, villose beneath. Pores white, then yellowish, -52 mm. long, sometimes oblique, medium sized, angular, toothed, pubescent when young. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/i, 1-guttulate. Dead branches, and bark of willow, oak, aspen, hornbeam, beech, and fir. Aug. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2010. P. vaporaria (Pers.) Fr. Vaporarium, a steam pipe. P. 5-10 cm., white, effused, innate, inseparable, the white floccose mycelium creeping into the wood. Pores white, then cream colour, 5-1 mm. long, large, angular, toothed, forming a continuous, firm, per- sistent stratum. Spores white, "allantoid, 6 x 1-5-2 /x" Romell. Dead branches, and worked wood of conifers. Jan. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. secernibilis B. & Br. Secernibilis, separable. Differs from the type in being separable. Shining white, becoming honey colour when dry. Fir leaves under moss. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 2011. P. Eyrei Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 14. Rev. W. L. W. Eyre, a former president of the British Myco- logical Society. P. 3-10 cm., yellowish, effused; margin subtomentose, soon similar; subiculum very thin, scarcely visible. Pores concolorous, 1 mm. long, straight, or oblique, oblong, or sinuate, entire. Spores hyaline, 06- ovate, 4-5 x 3-3*5 p,, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 12-15 x 4 /A. Cystidia clavate, or fusoid-ventricose, 15-18 x 4-5/Lt; hyphae septate, often nodular on one side, 2-3/x thick. Oak wood. May. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2012. P. sericeo-mollis Romell. Romell, in Arkiv f. Bot. xi, t. 2, fig. 7, and Svensk Bot. Tidsk. 1912, Bd. 6, H. 3, fig. 4. Sericeus, silky; mollis, soft. P. 1-4 cm., white, effused, very soft, 1-3 mm. thick, loosely ad- herent; margin often separating and reflexed, incurved when dry. PORIA 603 Pores white, at length somewhat cream, or pallid, usually angular, variable in diameter. Spores white, 4-6 x 2-3 /z; basidia 4-spored, 20 x 5/z,; hyphae septate, with clamp connections. Rotten coniferous wood. Nov. Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) "Some specimens which seem to belong to this species are partly or totally reduced into a floccose-pulveraceous state of sulphurous or pallid colour, which con- tains abundant subglobose or ellipsoidal, apparently asperulate, 1- guttulate, chlamydospores 5-7-5 x 4-5/z, not unlike those of Ptycho- gaster albus, though more hyaline 1 ." "The conidia are smooth, not asperulate, but have granular contents, which give a rough appear- ance" Wakefield & Pearson. 2013. P. rancida Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 208, fig. 1. Rancida, stinking. P. 2-8 cm., white, then pale tan colour, effused, coriaceous; margin subfimbriate, at length separating; subiculum thin, submembrana- ceous. Pores concolorous, 2-4 mm. long, round, oblong, or subangular, entire, or at length torn. Spores hyaline, cylindrical, somewhat curved, 5-7 x 2-5-'75/n; basidia clavate, 15-18 x 4-6 /z; hyphae thin, 2-5-4 \L thick. Smell strong, of rancid meal. Larch, and pine bark and needles. Sept. Rare. 2014. P. hibemiea B. & Br. Hibernica, Irish. P. 2-8 cm., white, broadly effused, orbicular, then confluent, adnate, inseparable; margin narrow, thin, tomentose. Pores white, very short, small, angular, dissepiments somewhat rigid, almost entire. Spores white, "elliptical, 5 x 3/z" Massee. Decorticated branches of pine. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 2015. P. Gordoniensis B. & Br. Marchioness of Huntly. P. 2-5 cm., persistently shining white, effused, superficial, membrana- ceous, very thin, separable; margin shortly fringed. Pores shining white, becoming faintly yellowish white, minute, unequal, angular, dissepiments very thin, fimbriato-toothed. Pine poles. Feb. Rare. 2016. P. Vafflantii (DC.) Fr. (= Porothelium Vaillantii (Fr.) Quel.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 326. Sebastian Vaillant, a French mycologist. P. 2-15 cm., white, or slightly rufescent, broadly effused, thin, trans- lucid, the free mycelium resulting in root-like ribs which are somewhat united by a membrane. Pores white, here and there crowded together, curt, rather large, thin, unequal. Spores "hyaline, elliptical, 4-6 x 2-3 /z" Karst. Dead wood, and on the ground. April Oct. Rare. 1 " I am still not fully satisfied that the chlamydosporic specimens really belong here" Romell, S.B.T. p. 643. 604 POBIA 2017. P. sanguinolenta (A. & S.) Fr. Sanguinoknta, bloody. P. 2-10 cm., whitish, bleeding when touched, nodulose, soon con- fluent, effused, soft; margin flaxy, soon vanishing. Pores white, blood red when touched, 1-3 mm. long, somewhat round, unequal; orifice pubescent, pruinose, at length torn. Spores white, oblong, 46 x 1-5-2/x, 2-guttulate. Smell strong. Dead wood, branches, and rails. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2018. P. bombycina Fr. (= Trametes bombycina (Fr.) Quel.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 387, fig. 5, as Boletus terrestris. Bombycina, silky. P. 2-7 cm., dingy yellowish, effused, silky-membranaceous, adhering laxly; margin spider-web-velvety. Pores whitish cream, then pale ochraceous, somewhat round, becoming angular and flexuose, large. Spores straw colour, "elliptic oblong, 6-7 x 4/x"Massee. Dead wood. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2019. P. hymenocystis B. & Br. vfirfv, a membrane; KIKTTIS, bladder. P. 110 cm., snow-white, effused, very thin, arachnoid', margin minutely byssoid, almost indeterminate. Pores white, then pallid, large, scarious dissepiments collapsing. Spores white, rough, subglo- bose, 3 x 2/x,, 1-guttulate. "Hyphae soft, fibulate, 2-3 //, broad" Romell. Dead wood. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2020. P. aneirina (Sommerf.) Fr. (= Trametes aneirina (Sommerf.) Quel.) a, not; elpiveos, woolly. P. 1-10 cm., white, effused, orbicular, then confluent, thin, sub- innate; margin byssoid. Pores white, then tawny or fulvous, large, cell- like, waxy, angular, often exactly hexagonal, acute, smooth. Spores "obovate, 5-6 x 3-5-4-5/Li" Bres. Dead branches of poplar, and willow. Oct. Rare. 2021. P. ramentacea B. & Br. Ramentum, chips. P. 2-3 cm., white, effused, suborbicular ; margin obsolete; subiculum white, tomentose, cartilaginous and horny when dry. Pores honey colour, large, -5-- 75 mm. across, subhexagonal, dissepiments thin, slightly rigid, acute. Spores white, "6 x 3fi" Massee. Dead pine branches. Sept. Rare. 2022. P. viridans Berk. Viridans, becoming green. P. 2-6 cm., white, becoming pallid green when dry, effused, crustaceo- adnate, thin; margin pulverulento-tomentose. Pores white, becoming pallid green, minute, angular, dissepiments very thin. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-5/u. Rotten wood, and sticks. Sept. Dec. Rare. (v.v.) PORIA 605 2023. P. Rennyi B. & Br. James Renny, an eminent English mycologist. P. 2-6 cm., white, becoming lemon yellow when dry, at first forming a thick, somewhat frothy, then pulverulent mass. Pores white, then yellowish, 2-3 mm, long, sparingly produced, dissepiments thin. Spores "colourless, elliptical, 3 x 1-5 ju," Massee. Pine stumps, and on the ground. Oct. Nov. Rare. **Pores flesh colour. 2024. P. incarnate (A. & S.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 189, fig. 1, as Polyporus incarnatus Fr. Incarnata, flesh colour. P. 2-5-10 cm., flesh colour, effused, corky-coriaceous, persistent, firm, smooth; margin white, silky, often shortly reflexed. Pores flesh colour, long, unequal, round, or angular, generally oblique. Spores "elongate, hyaline, 7x2/7," Bres. in Sacc. "Basidia ovoid, sub- globose. Cystidia colourless, terminating in a small point" Pat. Rotten conifer trunks. June Nov. Rare. 2025. P. niicans (Ehrenb.) Fr. Micans, sparkling. P. 2-8 cm., whitish flesh colour, effused, suborbicular, becoming con- fluent, thin, adnate, soft, fugacious; margin white, byssoid. Pores whitish flesh colour, very shallow, very thin, resembling honeycomb, angular, subcrenate. Spores white, sausage-shaped, 78 x 3jLt. Dead wood, and rotten trunks. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) ***Pores violaceous, or purple. 2026. P. violacea (A. & S.) Fr. Rostk. Polyp, t. 27, fig. 3, as Boletus purpureus Fr. Violacea, violet colour. P. 2-10 cm., violaceous, effused, determinate, waxy gelatinous, thin, closely adnate, even, smooth, destitute of a distinct subiculum. Pores violaceous, translucid, very shallow, cellular, or veined, quite entire. Spores tinged yellowish, punctate, elliptical, 7 x 4-4-5ju. Fir stumps, trunks and poles. Aug. May. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2027. P. purpurea Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 189, fig. 2, as Polyporus rhodellus Fr. Purpurea, purple. P. 10-30 cm., purple lilac, very broadly and widely effused, the mucedinous, flocculose, white mycelium creeping over the surface of rotten wood ; margin white, silky. Pores purple lilac, 1-2 mm. long, minute, unequal, round, or angular, interruptedly scattered, or con- glomerate. Spores "ellipsoid-oblong, cylindric, curved, 6-7 x 2/u." Sacc. Decayed trunks and stumps of beech, willow, oak, and alder. Oct Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 606 PORIA III. Effused, dry, tough; pores rather large, rigid, roundish, angular. *Pores whitish, or greyish brown. 2028. P. corticola Fr. Cortex, bark; colo, I inhabit. P. 2-8 cm., white, becoming pale, widely effused, equal, firm, smooth; mycelium forming a bare, xylostramatoid layer. Pores whitish, very minute, superficial, often obsolete, punctiform. Bark of poplar, beech, willow, oak, birch, and fir. Rare. P. sinuosa Fr. = Trametes sinuosa (Fr.) Quel. 2029. P. subfusco-flavida (Eostk.) Massee. Rostk. Polyp, t. 27, fig. 11, as Polyporus subfusco-fiavidus Rostk. Subfuscus, somewhat dusky ; fiavida, yellowish. P. 630 cm., white, then light yellow fuscous, broadly effused, be- coming confluent, thin, coriaceous, arid, adnate; margin white, byssoid, determinate, thin. Pores greyish brown, or whitish, minute, irregular. Dead oak wood, and planks. Rare. **Pores brown, or cinnamon. 2030. P. obliqua (Pers.) Quel. (= Fomes obliquus (Pers.) Fr.) Fr. Icon. 1. 188, fig. 1, as Polyporus obliquus Fr. Obliqua, slanting. P. 5-10 cm., pallid, then date brown, becoming blackish, widely spreading, throwing off the bark, very thin, coriaceous corky ; margin often refiexed, wrinkled, and laciniate. Pores brown, 2-5 mm. long, extending to the wood, pervious to the base, often oblique; orifice of the pores grey, glistening, very small, obtuse, subpentagonal, some- times obscurely stratose. Spores white, globose, 4-5/z. Trunks, and dead branches, under the bark, especially beech. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) P. ferruginosa (Schrad.) Fr. = Fomes ferruginosus (Schrad.) Massee. P. resupinata (Bolt.) W. G-. Sm. = Fomes resupinatus (Bolt.) Massee. 2031. P. contigua (Pers.) Fr. Contigua, touching together. P. 6-8 cm., cinnamon, becoming dingy, effused, firm, 12 mm. thick, smooth, submarginate; margin at first villose; mycelium ochraceous. Pores cinnamon, rather large, round, equal, obtuse, entire. Spores "cylindrical, hyaline, often 1-guttulate, 5-7 x 3-3-5/n" Sacc. Rotten wood, and sticks. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 2032. P. laevigata Fr. Laevigata, made smooth. P. 2-6 cm., cinnamon, broadly effused, coriaceous rigid, determinate, not marginate, separating when old, smooth, very glabrous, with a rigid cuticle underneath, 1-2 mm. thick. Pores cinnamon, very minute, round, entire. Spores white, "3-5 x 3-4 p. Cystidia like those in Fomes igniarius " Romell. Fallen birch branches. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) PORIA 607 IV. Unequally effused, membranaceous, thin, mostly incrusting; pores rather large, very short, often vein-like. 2033. P. reticulate (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 190, fig. 3, as Polyporus reticulatus Fr. Reticulata, netted. P. 2-10 cm., snow white, becoming pallid, orbicular, thin, fugacious ; margin byssoid, radiating. Pores white, then yellowish, distant, cup- shaped. Spores "allantoid, 7-9 x 2-3 /u~ Hyphae fragile, not fibulate, 4 5/u, broad" Romell. Rotten wood. Jan. Dec. Uncommon. 2034. P. farinella Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text figs. p. 321. Farinella, mealy. P. 1-11 cm., snow white, widely effused, very thin, fugacious when touched; mycelium naked, flocculoso-pulverulent, not interwoven. Pores white, thin, shallow, continuous, unequal, hexagonal, sub- flexuose, intricate. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 6-7 x 3-3-5/u,, 1-2-guttulate, "cylindrical, curved, 8-9 x 2-2 -5 p. Hyphae rather straight, 4-5 /x in diam., no clamp connections" Wakef. & Pears. Dead wood, and logs of beech, lime, and fir. July April. Not un- common, (v.v.) 2035. P. collabefacta B. & Br. Collabefacta, brought to ruin. P. 2-8 cm., white, forming Corticium-li^e patches, quite smooth; margin obtuse. Pores white, arising from the mere collapsing of the substance, shallow, obtuse. Spores "colourless, elliptic-oblong, 4 x 1-5 /*" Massee. Dead wood. Oct. Rare. 2036. P. blepharistoma B. & Br. @\e<J>api<;, eyelash; a-rofia, mouth. P. 1-5 cm., snow white, very thin; mycelium arachnoid, somewhat mealy. Pores white, small, dissepiments thin; orifice of pores ciliato- dentate. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/A. Dead wood, and fallen branches. April Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2037. P. subgelatinosa B. & Br. Subgelatinosa, somewhat gelatinous. P. 4 cm., pallid, becoming black, subgelatinous, orbicular, forming little pulvinate patches, tomentose at first; margin raised, obtuse. Pores delicate grey, very shallow, angular, acute, entire. Spores "colourless, broadly elliptical, 4 x 2-5-3 p" Massee. Parasitic on Poly par us amorphus. Rare. 2038. P. terrestris (DC.) Fr. Terrestris, pertaining to the land. P. 2-10 cm., white, effused, very thin, spider-web-flaxy, rather tender, fugacious. Pores white, then rufescent, central, extremely small, very shallow, round, or angular, becoming torn. Spores white, subglobose, 4-5 x 4/a, 1-guttulate. Naked soil, and rotten wood. May Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 608 POBIA. POLYSTICTUS 2039. P. bathypora (Kostk.) Massee. Kostk. Polyp, iv, t. 59, as Polyporus bathyporus Rostk. ftadvs, deep; TTO/DO?, a pore. P. 7-8 cm., white, effused; margin thin, byssoid. Pores white, be- coming brownish, rather large, cup-shaped, toothed, sometimes stra- tose. Dead oak, and beech branches. Rare. 2. POLYSTICTACEAE. Hymenium lining tubes, or covering gills, or teeth, homogeneous with the substance of the pileus, not forming a distinct layer, sterile on the edge. Polystictus Fr. (7roi\vo'TiKTo<;, with many punctures.) Pileus coriaceous, membranaceous, or somewhat spongy, dimidiate, sessile, surface often zoned. Tubes homogeneous, developing from the centre outwards. Spores white, elliptical, pruniform, oblong, or oblong-elliptical; smooth, or punctate. Cystidia sparse, or none. Annual. Growing on wood, often imbricate. 2040. P. hirsutus (Wulf.) Fr. Hirsutus, hairy. P. 38 cm., whitish, often brownish or tawny at the margin, some- times becoming blackish with age, dimidiate, convexo-plane, often im- bricate, shaggy with rigid hairs, furrowed with concentric and con- colorous zones. Tubes whitish, short; orifice of pores whitish, becoming brownish or yellow, round, or angular, obtuse. Flesh whitish, thin, very coriaceous, soft. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 6-7 x 2-5-3/x. Trunks, and stumps. June March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2041. P. velutinus Fr. Velutinus, velvety. P. 25 cm., white, becoming yellowish or greyish, dimidiate, plane on both sides, minutely velvety, or pubescent, with obscure, slightly darker zones; margin thin, acute. Tubes white, or yellowish, very short; orifice of pores concolorous, round, minute. Flesh whitish, thin, corky coriaceous, then rigid. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 6-8 x 2-2-5/i. Birch, beech, and willow trunks, and stumps. Sept. Dec. Uncom- mon, (v.v.) 2042. P. zonatus Fr. tyvr), a belt. P. 3-8 cm., pale tan colour, margin becoming whitish, dimidiate, convex, tuberculose and gibbous behind, villose, or pruinose, opaque, somewhat zoned with ochraceous and grey bands. Tubes whitish, short ; orifice of pores whitish, becoming ochraceous bistre, small, round, or angular, obtuse. Flesh whitish, corky, rather thick. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/t. Elms, birches, and poplar trunks, and stumps. June Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) POLYSTICTTJS 609 2043. P. versicolor (Linn.) Fr. Hussey, lUus. Brit. Myc, i, t. 24. Versicolor, of various colours. P. 2-8 cm., variously coloured, dimidiate, orbicular, often imbricate, depressed behind, becoming plane, velvety, or pubescent, marked with concentric, smooth, shining, satiny zones of various colours. Tubes white, very short; orifice of pores whitish, becoming yellowish, small, round, becoming torn and irregular. Flesh whitish, thin, coriaceous. Spores white, oblong, 6-9 x 3/A. Trunks, stumps, twigs, pales, and branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. fuscatus Fr. Fuscatus, dusky. Differs from the type in the fuscous, zoneless or obscurely zoned p. and the torn yellow pores. Twigs, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. nigricans Lasch. Nigricans, becoming black. Differs from the type in the greyish black p. with black zones, and the smoke grey pores. Stumps, and branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 2044. P. stereoides Fr. (= Trametes mollis (Sommerf.) Fr. sec. Bres.) Fr. Icon. t. 187, fig. 3, as Polyporus stereoides Fr. Stereum, the genus Stereum; etSo?, like. P. 2-3 cm., greyish fuscous, becoming black, effuso-reflexed, reni- f orm, imbricate, pubescent, then glabrous, with concolorous, depressed, narrow zones, scarcely 1 mm. thick. Tubes white, short; orifice of pores white, medium sized, obtuse, deformed, and daedalioid. Flesh yellowish, thin, rigid, coriaceous. Spores white, "elliptical, 9/u," Quel., "oblong, 9-12 x 3-5-4 /A" Romell. Trunks, and stumps of Abies and deciduous trees. Aug. Oct. Rare. 2045. P. fibula Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 387, fig. 8. Fibula, a buckle. P. 1-3 cm., whitish, or greyish, becoming yellowish, reniform, or orbicular, adnate behind, or affixed by the centre, velvety hairy, often radiato-rugose ; margin entire, acute. Tubes white, very short; orifice of pores whitish, becoming yellowish, small, round, absent at the margin. Flesh whitish, soft, tough, coriaceous. Spores "ovate, in- ternally granular, externally punctato-roughened, hyaline, 810 x 5-6 \L or 7-9 x 2-3 /A, cylindrical, curved, rarely straight" Bres. Elm stumps, oak branches, and worked wood. Oct. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2046. P. gossypinus (Lev.) Massee. (= Daedalea gossypina (Lev.) Quel.) Gossypium, the cotton plant. P. 3-10 cm., white, effuso-reflexed, becoming plane, tomentose. Tubes white, 2-4 mm. long; orifice of pores greyish, labyrinthiform, then angular, rather large, denticulate. Flesh white, thin, coriaceous. Spores 39 610 POLYSTICTUS. IRPEX white, "pruniform, 6(4, punctate" Quel. Trunks, fallen branches, and furze stems. Jan. Rare. 2047. P. ravidus Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 367, as Boletus heteroclitus. Ravidus, greyish. P. 10-13 cm., becoming dirty yellow, applanate, effused at the base, imbricate, with rugoso-villose, zone-like markings near the margin. Tubes whitish, short; orifice of pores becoming yellowish, unequal, torn. Flesh white, corky coriaceous, tough. "Spores hyaline, yellow in the mass, cylindrical, slightly curved, 6-8 x 3/x" Sacc. Old willow stumps. Rare. 2048. P. abietinus (Dicks.) Fr. (= Irpex violaceus (Pers.) Quel.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 226, as Polyporus abietinus. Abies, fir. P. 2-5-8 cm., cinereous white, effuso-reflexed, dimidiate, sometimes resupinate, imbricate, villose, obsoletely zoned. Tubes violaceous, be- coming pale, -5-1 mm. long; orifice of pores concolorous, unequal, torn. Flesh tinged brownish or purplish, thin, coriaceous. Spores white, oblong, 3-4 x 2-2-5/A, curved, 2-3-guttulate. Trunks, and fallen branches of conifers, rarely on beeches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) Irpex Fr. (Irpex, a harrow.) Pileus corky coriaceous, or membranaceous, dimidiate, or resupi- nate, sessile. Tubes homogeneous, alveolar at first, then becoming torn into teeth, or plates. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores white, elliptical, oval, globose, cylindrical, or elliptic-oblong ; smooth, or punctate. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground. I. Pendulous with the p. extended behind. 2049. I. pendulus (A. & S.) Fr. Pendulus, hanging down. P. 2-5-4 cm., pale yellow, margin white, effused, more or less circular, extended behind, pendulous, free above, plicate, adpressedly squamuloso-pilose, or slightly rugulose. Teeth shining white, 2 mm. long, in irregular rows, large, incised. Flesh concolorous, membra- naceous, elastic, very thin. Spores white, "3-5 x 1-5-2 /n" Karst. Pine, and larch sticks. Rare. II. Sessile, or effuso-reflexed, marginate. 2050. I. fusco violaceus Fr. (= Irpex violaceus (Pers.) Quel. ; Poly- stictus abietinus (Dicks.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Fuscus, dark; violaceus, violet. P. 5-8 cm., white, becoming greyish, or hoary, dimidiate, effuso- reflexed, often imbricate and confluent, zoned, silky. Teeth fuscous IRPEX 611 violaceous, in rows in the form of plates, incised at the apex. Flesh white, corky coriaceous, firm. Spores white, "elliptical, cylindrical, curved, 9-10/A 5 ' Quel., "3-5 x Ijti," Karst. Coniferous trunks, and branches, rarely beech. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2051. I. lacteus Fr. Lacteus, milk white. P. 3-5 cm., white, effused, shortly reflexed, or dimidiate, some- times imbricate, villose, concentrically sulcate ; margin byssoid. Teeth milk white, subulate, or compressed, toothed, thin. Flesh white, coriaceous, thin. Spores white, "ovoid, globose, punctate, 5jii" Quel., "4-5 x 2-3 /z" Karst. Birch, fir, pine, beech, and mountain ash. Oct. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) III. Resupinate. 2052. I. hypogaeus Fuck. vTroyaios, under the earth. R. 10-11 cm., white, then pale yellowish, or dark brown, widely effused ; margin determinate. Teeth concolorous, 2-7 mm. long, irre- gular, sublabyrinthiform, lax, variable in size, straight, incised, base usually compressed, thin. Flesh white, or yellowish, byssoid. In- crusting pine leaves, twigs, grass, earth, pebbles. Oct. Rare. 2053. I. Johnstonii Berk. Dr George Johnston. R. 2-5-5 cm., white, resupinate, effused, separable; margin reflexed, naked. Teeth white, arranged in rows, 2-3 mm. long, compressed, un- equal, crowded. Flesh white, coriaceo-membranaceous. Dead beech. Rare. 2054. I. Candidas (Ehrenb.) Fr. Candidus, shining white. R. 3-5 cm., snow white, broadly effused, separable, thin, arachnoid; margin byssoid. Teeth snow white, subulate, or compressed, toothed, thin. Flesh white, membranaceous, floccose. Dead pine wood. Feb. Rare, (v.v.) 2055. I. spathulatus (Schrad.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 194, fig. 3. cnraQii, a broad blade. R. 510 cm., shining white, becoming yellowish when dry, effused, adnate, inseparable ; margin byssoid. Teeth white, becoming yellowish, 36 mm. long, spathulate, compressed, equal, entire, reticulato-con- nected with obsolete veins. Flesh white, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 2-3/u,. Dead coniferous branches. Oct. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2056. I. obliquus (Schrad.) Fr. Obliguus, slanting. R. 5-20 cm., white, then yellowish, or wood colour, broadly effused, adnate; margin byssoid. Teeth concolorous, 2-6 mm. long, at first very pore-like, then becoming compressed, incised, or torn, oblique, lamellar at the base. Flesh whitish, crustaceous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 392 612 IRPEX. LENZITES 4-5 x 3-3-5/x, 1-guttulate. Stumps, dead branches, and leaves. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2057. I. deformis Fr. Deformis, misshapen. R. 5-15 cm., whitish, effused, adnate; margin byssoid, pubescent. Teeth concolorous, 2-4 mm. long, subulate, arising from a minutely porous base, somewhat digitato-incised, and often torn into shreds almost to the base. Flesh concolorous, crustaceous, thin. Spores white, "ovoid, punctate, 10/i" Quel. Oak branches, and cherry. Sept. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2058. I. carneus Fr. (= Phlebia merismoides Fr. sec. Quel.) Carneus, flesh colour. R. 2-5-7-5 cm., reddish, effused, adnate. Teeth concolorous, subu- late, obtuse, entire, united at the base. Flesh cartilaginous, gela- tinous, thin. Wood, and bark. Sept. Oct. Rare. Fr. (Harold Othmar Lenz, a German botanist.) Pileus corky, or coriaceous, dimidiate, or resupinate, sessile. Gills coriaceous, often anastomosing at the base, homogeneous with the sub- stance of the pileus, and not forming a distinct layer. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores white, elliptical, subglobose, cylindrical, or oblong- elliptical, smooth. Cystidia sparse, or none. Growing on wood ; often imbricate. *Growing on wood of deciduous trees. 2059. L. betulina (Linn.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1100, t. 1145, fig. A. Betulina, of the birch. P. 2-5-10 cm., whitish grey, becoming pale, corky coriaceous, firm, rigid, dimidiate, sessile, becoming plane, sometimes resupinate, tomen- tose, commonly obsoletely zoned, zones sometimes darker. Gills dingy white, reaching the base, straight, simple, or branched, often anasto- mosing, edge acute. Flesh white, floccose. Spores white, "globose or elliptic-spheric, 5-6/u" Karst. On stumps, trunks, posts, and rails, especially birch. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2060. L. flaccida (Bull.) Fr. Flaccida, flabby. P. 10-^30 cm., whitish, then dingy, with quite concolorous zones, coriaceous, thin, scarcely 2 mm. thick, unequal, dimidiate, sessile, easily bent, strigosely hairy. Gills shining white, becoming pale, thick, firm, straight, very broad, simple, or branched at the base, with shorter ones intermixed. Spores "white, 12/u," Quel. On beech stumps. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) LENZITES. TRAMETES 613 var. variegata (Fr.) Cost. & Dufour. Variegata, with diverse colours. Differs from the type in the silky, velvety zones and white flesh. On fallen logs of beech and birch. Sept. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) L. cinerea (Fr.) Quel. = Daedalea cinerea Fr. L. quercina (Linn.) Quel. = Daedalea quercina (Linn.) Fr. **Growing on coniferous wood. 2061. L. saepiaria (Wulf.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1101, t. 1146, fig. A. Saepes, a fence. P. 3-8 cm., yellow tawny, then date brown with a yellow tawny margin, becoming black when old, dimidiate, lateral, corky coriaceous, hard, convex, becoming plane, sometimes orbicular, more frequently extended longitudinally, sometimes resupinate, zoned, strigosely to- mentose, at length squamulose and pitted. Gills yellowish, becoming umber, extended to the base, very rigid, firm, branched, more or less anastomosing, 2-4 mm. broad, edge entire, or slightly toothed. Flesh tawny. Spores white, cylindrical, curved, 10 x 3-4/z. Coniferous stumps, branches, and worked wood. Jan. Dec. Notuncommon. (v.v.) 2062. L. abietina (Bull.) Fr. Cke. Illus. no. 1101, t. 1146, fig. B. Abies, a fir tree. P. umber-tomentose, then becoming smooth, effuso-reflexed, often lengthened out to 30 x 1 cm., sometimes resupinate, hoary, coria- ceous, thin, and comparatively soft. Gills yellowish red, becoming glaucous with dense pruina, decurrent in the effused base, distant, simple, unequal, here and there torn into teeth. Flesh concolorous, very thin. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 10 x 4/A, apiculate at the one end. Dressed fir wood. Oct. Rare. 2063. L. heteromorpha Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 177, fig. 3. erep6fjiop<f)o<f, of different shape. P. 2-3 cm., whitish, becoming pale, and finally yellowish when old, effuso-reflexed, imbricate, connate, corky soft, then hard, nodular, often pectinately incised at the margin, always gibbose, almost gla- brous with adpressed tufts of hairs, coarsely rugose. Gills white, very firm, thick, very broad, triquetrous, somewhat crowded, somewhat branched, incised, or forming pores, sometimes falling short of the margin. Spores white, "subglobose, 3-5 /u," Karst. Flesh white. On fir stumps. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) Trametes Fr. (Trama, the woof.) Pileus woody, or corky, dimidiate, or resupinate, sessile. Tubes homogeneous with the substance of the pileus, and not forming a 614 TRAMETES distinct layer, regular, round, or oblong. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores white, rarely yellowish, elliptical, ovoid, globose, subglobose, cylindrical, or oblong, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent, hyaline, or coloured. Annual, or perennial. Growing on wood, very rarely on the ground; sometimes imbricate. I. Dimidiate, sessile. *Flesh whitish. 2064. T. Trogii Berk. (= Trametes hispida (Bagl.) Quel.) J. G. Trog, the Swiss mycologist. P. 510 cm., fuscous, somewhat olivaceous, dimidiate, convex, soli- tary, or imbricate, somewhat zoned, zones at first very indistinct, then becoming evident, concolorous, clothed with rigid, fasciculate, 6 mm. long, hairs; margin acute. Pores cream colour, then coffee and milk colour, unequal, subangular, toothed. Flesh pale tan or wood colour. Spores "white, elliptic-cylindric, 12-13 p, guttulate" Quel. Dead poplar trunks. Oct. Rare. 2065. T. gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 162. Gibbosa, humped. P. 10-20 cm., whitish, becoming greyish, dimidiate, flattened, ex- tended behind, gibbose, villose, obsoletely zoned ; margin often brown- ish, obtuse. Pores whitish, 2-8 mm. long, linear, straight, equal. Flesh whitish, corky, compact, thick, very firm. Spores white, oblong, sometimes curved, 5-7 x 2-5-3^. On stumps, and posts of beech, and poplar, more rarely on oak, and willow. Aug. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2066. T. rubescens (A. & S.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 16. Rubescens, turning red. P. 5-12 cm., whitish, becoming red, dimidiate, flattened, at first white pruinose, at length zoned; margin thin. Pores white, becoming crimson lake, or blood red when touched, pruinose, 1-3 mm. long, round- ish, then elongate and daedaliform, narrow, obtuse. Flesh white, be- coming crimson lake, or blood red when broken, corky, soft, zoned. Spores white, oblong, curved, 10 x 2/Lt, 3-guttulate. On willow, and alder trunks. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2067. T. Bulliardii Fr. (= Trametes rubescens (A. & S.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 310, as Boletus suaveolens. Pierre Bulliard, the eminent French mycologist. P. 5-14 cm., whitish, becoming fuscous, dimidiate, flattened, often gibbose at the base, at length zoned, even, smooth; margin thin, sub- acute. Pores pallid, then rufescent, 3-10 mm. long, somewhat round, or linear, unequal. Flesh yellowish, at length becoming fuscous, corky, thick Spores white, elliptical, 4-5 x 3/z, 1-guttulate. Smell pleasant. On willow, and alder trunks. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) TRAMETES 615 2068. T. suaveolens (Linn.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 163. Suaveolens, sweet smelling. P. 4-15 cm., whitish, dimidiate, pulvinate, triquetrous, villose; margin becoming yellowish, thin. Pores white, becoming yellowish, or fuscous, 3-12 mm. long, round, rather large, obtuse. Flesh white, soft, corky, thick. Spores white, oblong, often incurved, 10-12 x 3-4/x. Smell strong, of anise. Trunks of willow, rarely lime. Sept. Feb. Common, (v.v.) 2069. T. odora (Sommerf.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 162, as Polyporus odorus. Odora, fragrant. P. 5-10 cm., pallid, dimidiate, gibbose, uneven, villose, becoming smooth ; margin yellow, thin. Pores whitish, then ochraceous, 4-8 mm. long, minute, round, often becoming toothed, equal. Flesh white, corky, elastic, thick. Spores "yellowish, ovoid, 7-8 /z,, 1-guttulate" Quel., "hyaline, oval, 5-6 x 3/i" Karst. Smell strong, of anise. Willow, and ash trunks. Jan. Bare. 2070. T. inodora Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 191, fig. 1. Inodora, without smell. P. 3-8 cm., white, or yellowish, dimidiate, triquetrous, sometimes imbricate, minutely tomentose, often obsoletely zoned, becoming smooth; margin thin, acute. Pores white, unchangeable, 2-6 mm. long, small, round, or oblong, pubescent. Flesh white, corky, firm. Spores white, globose, 5-6/z, 1-guttulate. Beech, and oak stumps. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) **Flesh ferruginous. 2071. T. Pini (Brot.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 161. Pinus, pine. P. 5-10 cm., ferruginous fuscous, then blackish, dimidiate, pulvinate, concentrically sulcate, rimoso-rugged, rough, becoming incrusted with age; margin bright yellowish at first, and tomentose. Pores yellow- brick-red, 6-15 mm. long, large, somewhat round, or oblong; orifice at first pubescent. Flesh tawny ferruginous, corky woody, very hard. Spores pale yellowish, oval, or subglobose, 4-6 x 4-5 /u,, with a large central gutta. Cystidia dark brown, conical, pointed, 30-40 x 8-9 p,. Smell slightly pleasant. Pine trunks. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.") 2072. T. odorata (Wulf.) Fr. Odorata, scented. P. 7-5-13 cm. long, 5-8 cm. broad, blackish umber, edge tawny cinna- mon, dimidiate, downy, then vaguely concentrically zoned, rugulose, tomentose, sometimes attenuated behind. Pores tawny cinnamon, subrotund, oblong, more or less decurrent, uneven. Flesh fulvous, somewhat corky. Spores "tawny, elliptical" Quel. Smell strong, pleasant, like hay, or spicy. On decaying coniferous wood. Jan. Eare. 616 TRAMETES ***Flesh red. 2073. T. cinnabarina (Jacq.) Fr. (= Phellinus cinnabarinus (Jacq.) Quel.) Trans.Brit.Myc.Soc.iv,t.9. tcivvafiapi, dragon's blood. P. 5-9 cm., bright reddish orange, becoming darker, dimidiate, slightly pubescent, then glabrous, rugulose, indistinctly zoned towards the margin. Pores deep blood red, 1-3 mm. long; orifice vermilion, minute, round, pubescent. Flesh red, corky, pliant, thick. Spores white, oblong, curved, 6 x 2/u,. Birch, and beech trunks. July Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) II. Eesupinate. 2074. T. sinuosa (Fr.) Quel. (= Polyporus sinuosus Fr.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 10. Sinuosa, full of curves. R. 3-6 cm. and more, pure white, becoming yellowish, resupinate, broadly effused , furnished with long, white, string-like, mycelial rhizoids on the underside. Pores white, then yellowish, 2-3 mm. long ; orifice large, flexuose, irregularly torn, often daedaliform or sistotremiform, pruinose. Spores white, elliptical, 5-6 x 3-4/x, with a large central gutta. Smell very pleasant, "like liquorice" Fries, "of balsam" Quel. Ivy trailing on the ground, and conifer stumps, and branches. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2075. T. mollis (Sommerf.) Fr. (= Polystictus stereoides Fr. sec. Bres.) Mollis, soft. E. 2-10 cm., pallid wood colour, at length becoming fuscous, or black, reaupinate, broadly effused, determinate, adnate behind in the centre, separable, submembranaceous ; margin umber, at length revolute, pubescent beneath. Pores whitish cream, becoming greyish, large, shallow, angular, or round, often irregular, unequal, torn. Flesh white, soft, then coriaceous. Spores white, cylindrical, slightly curved, 8-11 x 3-4 /A. Dead beech wood, and branches. Jan. Dec. Common. (v.v.) 2076. T. serpens Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 192, fig. 3. Serpens, creeping. R. 10-30 cm., white, then pale ochraceous, resupinate, closely adnate, inseparable, arid, pruinose, at first erumpent in the form of a tubercle, orbicular, then confluent; margin determinate, pubescent. Pores white, then cream fuliginous, rather large, very shallow, round, or angular, then labyrinthiform, unequal, obtuse. Flesh white, corky, coriaceous. Spores "white, elliptical, 14 x 6/u," Rabenh. Oak, beech, hornbeam, and privet logs. Aug. Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2077. T. Terryi B. & Br. Michael Terrey. R. 7-8 cm., whitish, resupinate, broad, suborbicular, pulvinate ; margin determinate, undulate. Pores pallid, angular, here and there sinuate, rather large, shallow. Flesh white, corky, firm. Beech. Rare. TBAMETES. DAEDALEA 617 2078. T. purpurascens B. & Br. Purpurascens, becoming purple. R. 2 cm., chestnut, resupinate, subcoriaceous, subtomentose. Pores becoming purple, rigid, small. Dead willow. Rare. T. bombycina (Fr.) Quel. = Poria bombycina Fr. T. aneirina (Sommerf.) Quel. = Poria aneirina (Sommerf.) Fr. Daedalea (Pers.) Fr. (SatSaXo?, curiously wrought.) Pileus spongy, cork, coriaceous, or woody, dimidiate, or resupinate, stipitate, or sessile. Stem central, lateral, or none. Tubes homo- geneous with the substance of the pileus, and not forming a distinct layer, irregularly sinuous, and more or less labyrinihiform, often be- coming torn, or toothed. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores white, oval, pip-shaped,' subglobose, elliptic-oblong, or sausage-shaped, smooth, or punctate. Cystidia present, or absent. Annual, or perennial. Growing on wood, very rarely on the ground; sometimes imbricate. I. Dimidiate, sessile, or substipitate. 2079. D. biennis (Bull.) Quel. (= Polyporus rufescens Fr.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 191, as Boletus biennis. Biennis, two years. P. 5-12 cm., flesh colour, whitish towards the margin, convex, then plane or depressed, sometimes dimidiate, strigose, or hairy. St. 1-5 x 1-5-2 cm., ferruginous, irregularly shaped, subcentral, or lateral, or wanting, subtomentose. Pores white, then flesh colour, 2-4 mm. long, labyrinthiform, or sinuate, at length torn, pruinose. Flesh reddish, be- coming whitish, consisting of a firm, coriaceous lower layer, with a soft spongy upper layer. Spores white, broadly oval, or subglobose, 6-7 x 4-5 ft, with a large central gutta. Smell pleasant. Stumps, roots, and buried wood. Sept. Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2080. D. quercina (Linn.) Fr. (= Lenzites quercina (Linn.) Quel.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 238. Quercina, pertaining to oak. P. 9-50 cm., pale wood colour, or brownish becoming paler, dimidiate, sessile, rarely substipitate, or resupinate, smooth, rugulose, uneven, marked with concentric, raised, or depressed zones. Pores greyish, fuliginous, or paler than the p., 6-50 mm. long, sinuate, or lameUose, branched, and anastomosing, thick, woody. Flesh pale reddish brown, or concolorous, corky, woody, thick, firm. Spores white, pip-shaped, 6 x 2-3/i. Oaks, oak stumps, and posts. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2081. D. borealis (Wahlenb.) Quel. (= Polyporus borealis Fr.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 35, fig. 2, as Polyporus borealis Fr. Borealis, northern. P. 5-15 cm., white, then yellowish, dimidiate, reniform, or subpul- vinate, sessile, or attenuated behind into a short more or less distinct 618 DAEDALEA stem, velvety, or strigose, becoming matted when old; margin acute, spreading. Pores white, then yellowish, 4-6 mm. long, unequal, round, or angular, becoming sinuate and daedaliform. Flesh white, spongy, then corky, composed of parallel fibres, compact, thick, fissile. Spores white, subglobose, 5-6 x 4-5/i, minutely punctate. Smell slightly pleasant when dried. Abies trunks, and stumps. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 2082. D. unicolor (Bull.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 163, as Boletus unicolor Bolt. Unicolor, of one colour. P. 5-15 cm., cinereous, fuliginous when moist, whitish grey when dry, with zones of the same colour, shell-shaped, dimidiate, usually imbri- cate, villoso-strigose ; margin sometimes whitish. Pores whitish cinereous, sometimes fuscous, very short, labyrinthiform, flexuose, intricate, narrow, acute, at length torn into teeth. Flesh white, coriaceous, thin. Spores white, "6-9 x 3-5 /x" Karst. Stumps, trunks, and rails of birch, beech, maple, oak, willow, Robinia, chestnut, and hornbeam. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2083. D. polyzona (Pers.) Fr. TroXi;?, many; <ovr}, belt. P. 13-18 cm., yellowish brown, darker or reddish at the base, dimidiate, sessile, imbricate, tomentose, with many dark brown zones. Pores pallid wood colour, or buff white, very short, equal, thin, sublabyrinthi- form, sometimes 2-stratose. Flesh buff white, coriaceous, somewhat thin. Jan. Dec. Rare. D. gossypina (Lev.) Quel. = Polystictus gossypinus (Lev.) Massee. 2084. D. saligna Fr. (= Polyporus salignus Fr. Hym. Eur. ; Polyporus fumosus (Pers.) Fr. sec. Lloyd.) Fr. Icon. t. 181, fig. 1, as Poly- porus salignus *Holmiensis Fr. Saligna, of willows. P. 5-15 cm., whitish, dimidiate, imbricate, dilated reniform, sessile, adpressedly villose, depresso-sulcate round the margin; margin swollen, lobed. Pores white, long, round, or intricately flexuose, labyrinthiform, pruinose, thin. Flesh whitish, coriaceous, soft, elastic. Spores white, "elliptic-oblong, 7-8 /x" Quel. Caespitose. Willows. Oct. Feb. Un- common. 2085. D. confragosa (Bolt.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 160, as Boletus confragosus Bolt. Confragosa, rough. P. 513 cm., unicolorous, brick red fuscous, becoming ferruginous, dimidiate, reniform, constricted at the base, gibbose, convex, sessile, rough, zoned. Pores cinereous pruinose, then rufous fuscous, 520 mm. long, sinuous, narrow, then labyrinthiform, torn, toothed. Flesh wood colour, or reddish, then brown, fibrous, corky, thin. Spores white, sausage-shaped, curved, 7-8 x 2/n. Beech, oak, willow, and service trunks. Oct. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) DAEDALEA 619 var. angustata (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung t. 193, as Boletus angustatus Sow. Angustata, narrowed. Differs from the type in the brownish rufescent, repand p., the sub- tomentose paler margin of the p., and the subolivaceous pores. Poplars. Rare. D. aurea (Batt.) Fr. Aurea, golden. P. 2-5 cm., unicolorous, golden, triangular, gibbose, imbricate, sessile, velvety, subzoned', margin swollen. Pores light yellow, some- what long, round, then narrowly sinuato-labyrinthiform. Flesh light yellow, corky coriaceous, thin. Dead oak. Rare. 2087. D. einerea Fr. (= Lenzites cinerea (Fr.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 192, fig. 2. Cinerea, ash colour. P. 2-5-13 cm., cinereous, dimidiate, sessile, sometimes imbricate, subundulate, zoned, tomentose; margin paler, thin. Pores white, or cinereous, 5-10 mm. long, round, or very long, labyrinthiform, flexuose, intricate, obtuse, entire, sometimes stratose. Flesh pale buff, or ochraceous, corky woody, thick. Spores white, globose, lOju. Beech, and oak trunks, and stumps. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 2088. D. femiginea (Schum.) Fr. Fl. Dan. t. 2029. Ferruginea, iron rust colour. P. 4-8 cm., whitish flesh colour at first, then yellow ferruginous, effuso-reflexed, horizontal, imbricate, zoned; white villose when young; margin white villose, swollen, flexuose. Pores tawny, 4 mm. long, de- formed, narrowly labyrinthiform, flexuose, anastomosing. Flesh yellowish sienna, 3-4 mm. thick, coriaceous. Beech trunks, and dead wood. Rare. II. Resupinate. 2089. D. latissima Fr. (= Trametes latissima (Fr.) Quel.) Latissima, very broad. P. 12-5-60 cm., pale wood colour, broadly effused, undulated. Pores pale wood colour, very long, somewhat round, flexuose, sinuose, narrow, distant. Flesh wood colour, corky or woody, thick, zoned, with parallel filaments. Beech trunks. Rare. 2090. D. vermicularis (Pers.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 424, as Boletus resupinatus Sow. Vermicularis, pertaining to worms. P. 10-15 cm., fiesh-colour-rufescent, broadly effused, adnate, be- coming even. Pores concolorous, short, attenuated at both ends, flexuose. Flesh thin. Adhering to the soil by root-like fibres. Aug. Rare. 620 MERULIUS 3. MERULIACEAE. Hymenium spread over veins, anastomosing pores, or quite smooth ; edge of veins or pores fertile. Merulius Fr. (Merus, pure.) Receptacle gelatinous, coriaceous gelatinous, waxy, membrana- ceous, or floccose, resupinate, or effuso-reflexed. Hymenium at first smooth, becoming reticulated with irregular, obtuse folds or pores, at length gyrose or obsoletely toothed, and fertile on the edge. Spores white, or coloured, elliptical, ovoid, pip-shaped, globose, subglobose, elliptic-oblong, cylindrical, or sausage-shaped, smooth. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground. * Spores white. fP. effuso-reflexed, margin determinate. 2091. M. confluens Schwein. Confiuens, becoming confluent. R. 2-5-10 cm., vinous biscuit, colour, resupinate, longitudinally effused, becoming confluent, somewhat fleshy; margin biscuit colour, free, inflexed, subtomentose. Folds becoming pinkish cinnamon to pecan brown when dry, very small, uneven, reticulate. Flesh coria- ceous, thin. Spores "hyaline, even, cylindric, flattened on one side, 4-5-5 x 2-5/Lt. Subhymenial hyphae incrusted " Burt. Alder branches. Aug. Rare. 2092. M. tremellosus (Schrad.) Fr. Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. i, t. 10. Tremellosus, trembling. R. 2-5-15 cm., white, translucent, resupinate, then free and re- flexed, often connate and imbricate, tomentose; margin often pinkish, dentato-radiate. Folds ruddy, pinkish, or pale, porous, twisted, toothed. Flesh gelatinous, cartilaginous when dry. Spores white, sausage-shaped, curved, 4-5 x lp. Cystidia "even or incrusted, sparse, 3-5-4-5/u, in diam., emerging 15-25 /A above the basidia" Burt. Stumps, and dead branches of birch, beech, and oak. Aug. Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2093. M. aurantiacus Klotzsch. Aurantiacus, golden. R. 2-5-4 cm., between yellow and dirty white, here and there cinereous, effuso-reflexed, tomentose, obsoletely zoned. Folds dull orange, minute, subporiform. Flesh coriaceous, tough. Dead beech trunks. May Sept. Rare. 2094. M. corium (Pers.) Fr. (= Merulius papyrinus (Bull.) Quel.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 147, as Thelephora corium Pers. %6piov, leather. R. 5-20 cm., whitish, resupinato-effused, often imbricate; margin MERULIUS 621 at length free, reflexed, villose beneath. Folds flesh colour, or pale tan, reticulato-porous, thin. Flesh soft, leathery, flexible, tough. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 6-9 x 3-5-4 /A. Cystidia "none. Hyphae loosely interwoven, hyaline, septate, 3-4/4 in diam." Burt. Dead wood, and branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2095. M. niveus Fr. Niveus, snow white. K. 1-5 cm., snow white, resupinate, effuso-reflexed, adnate at the centre, free elsewhere, smooth. Folds snow white, rugose, subreticulate. Flesh very soft, spongy, thin, becoming membranaceous and papery when dry. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 8 x 5 6 /A, "slightly curved, 4-5 x -5-1 /x" Burt. Dead alder branches. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) ffResupinato-effused, flaxy membranaceous, separable, margin and underside byssoid. 2096. M. laeticolor B. & Br. (= Merulius fugax Fr. sec. Romell.) Laetus, bright; color, colour. R. 7-8 cm., bright orange, resupinate, effused, adnate ; margin white, byssoid. Folds concolorous, at first even, then plicato-rugose, distant. Flesh thin. Spores "white, subglobose, 6-7 jj," Massee. Sawdust, and leaves and branches of oak, pine, and mountain ash. Oct. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) ftfCrustoso-adnate, margin somewhat byssoid. 2097. M. porinoides Fr. 770/309, a pore; etSo?, like. R. 2-11 cm., light dingy yellow, resupinate, crustaceo-adnate ; margin white, byssoid. Folds concolorous, poriform, large, round, distant. Flesh very thin. Spores white, globose, 3/i. Dead wood, chips, bark, and leaves. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2098. M. rufus (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Myc. Eur. n, t. 16, figs. 1, 2, as Xylomyzon isoporum Pers. Rufus, red. R. 2-8 cm., red flesh colour, resupinate, effused, crustaceo-adnate, often immersed in the wood, smooth; margin somewhat naked. Folds concolorous, porose, equal, angular. Flesh waxy soft. Spores white, pip-shaped, slightly curved, 5-6 x 2-3 p. Cystidia none. "Hyphae loosely interwoven, hyaline, 3-3-5ju, in diam." Burt. Rotten oak, and hornbeam wood and posts. May Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2099. M. serpens (Tode) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 193, fig. 3. Serpens, creeping. R. 3-15 cm., pallid, becoming red, resupinate, crustaceo-adnate, be- coming smooth; margin white, byssoid. Folds concolorous, at first in the form of wrinkles, then porous, angular, entire. Flesh thin. Spores white, cylindrical, curved, 4 x 2/x, 2-guttulate. Dead branches of conifers, lime and ash, and on cones. Oct. March. Rare, (v.v.) 622 MERULIUS 2100. M. paUens Berk. Fallens, pale. R. 4-8 cm., pale reddish, resupinate, adnate, inseparable', margin indeterminate. Folds concolorous, poriform, minute. Flesh subgela- tinous, thin. Spores white, globose, 4/A. Fir, and oak branches. Sept. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 2101. M. Cannichaelianus (Grev.) Berk. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 224, as Polyporus Carmichaelianus Grev. Captain Dugald Carmichael, a friend of Greville. R. 2-5-10 cm., white, becoming pinkish brown when dry, resupinate, irregularly effused; margin byssoid, laciniate. Folds concolorous, forming regular, hexagonal reticulations or pores, very shallow. Flesh membranaceous, very thin. Spores white, "globose, very minute" Grev. Bark. Rare. M . crispus (Pers.) Quel. = Plicatura crispa (Pers.) Rea. **Spores coloured. fP. effuso-reflexed. 2102. M. lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 98, no. 216. Lacrymans, weeping. R. 5-50 cm., yellow ferruginous, effuso-reflexed, more rarely arising from a stalk-like central tubercle; margin white, tomentose, swollen. Folds concolorous, porous, gyroso-toothed, large. Flesh greyish white, spongy-fleshy, slightly moist, exuding drops of water when growing, 2-12 mm. thick. Spores reddish rust colour in the mass, yellow under the microscope, elliptical, often subapiculate at the base, 8-10 x 5- 6/n, 1-guttulate. Cystidia none. Hyphae either yellowish, thick walled, 5-6/i in diam., or hyaline, 3-5-4-5/x in diam., septate, with clamp connections. Smell often strong. Worked wood in buildings, logs in timber yards, rarely on stumps, and on the ground. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. minor Falck. (= Merulius lacrymans (Wulf.) Quel.) Minor, smaller. Differs from the type in the smaller, elliptical spores, 5-6 x 4-4-5/>i. Dead wood, and on the ground. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. Guillemotii Boud. Boud. Icon. t. 165. Jules Guillemot. Differs from the type in the well developed, dimidiate, imbricate pilei. Worked wood. June Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. puiverulentus (Fr.) Quel. (= Merulius pulverulentus Fr.) Pulverulentus, full of dust. Differs from the type in being membranaceous, becoming even, zoned, MEBULIUS 623 arid, gradually decaying from the centre to the margin, and in the folds being reticulated to the margin. Rare. 2103. M. aureus Fr. Fl. Dan. t. 2027, fig. 2. Aureus, golden. R. 2-5-5 cm., golden yellow, resupinate, effused, or effuso-reflexed, easily separable; margin concolorous, thin, villose. Folds golden yellow, ochraceous orange to russet when dried, plicato-porous, gyroso-crisped. Flesh membranaceous, soft, thin. Spores "yellowish in mass, cylin- dric, 3-4-5 x 1-5-2/i. Cystidia none. Hyphae loosely interwoven, nodose-septate, 2-5-4/x in diam." Burt. Pine wood, leaves, and cones. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) ft Resupinate. 2104. M. terrestris (Peck) Burt. (= Merulius lacrymans var. terrestris Peck, non Ferry.) Terrestris, pertaining to the earth. R. 3-10 cm., bright ferruginous, drying amber brown, resupinate, widely effused, membranaceous; margin whitish. Folds concolorous, gyrose, with intermediate, shallow, labyrinthiform depressions. Flesh yellowish, membranaceous, thin. Spores brownish in the mass, yellow under the microscope, broadly elliptical, with often a basal apiculus, 7-9 x 4-5-6 ju.. "Basal hyphae loosely interwoven, thick walled, rigid, 4-5-6 IJL in diam., nodose-septate, aniline-yellow under the microscope; subhymenial hyphae thin walled, often collapsed, 3fi in diam. Cys- tidia none" Burt. On bare soil. July Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 2105. M. papyraceus Fr. Trairvpos, the paper reed. R. 5-20 cm., umber ferruginous, resupinate, widely effused, dry, glabrous; margin paler. Folds concolorous, reticulato-porous ; pores equal, dilated. Flesh of the consistence of paper, tough. Spores ferru- ginous, elliptical, 8-10 x 6-7 p,, 1-2-guttulate. Old beams amongst grass. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2106. M. squalidus Fr. Squalidus, dirty. R. 7-30 cm., hyaline flesh colour, resupinate, effused, loosely adnate, adpressedly fibrillose and becoming cinereous on the underside, smooth; margin white, membranaceous. Folds flesh colour, becoming suboliva- ceous, sinuoso-porous. Flesh membranaceous, soft, loose, watery. Spores ferruginous. Hornbeam posts, and worked wood. Feb. Rare. 2107. M. himantioides Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 193, fig. 1. t/tta?, leather thong; etSo9, like. R. 2-5 cm., lilac, becoming raw umber when dried, resupinate, effused, separable, fibrillosely silky beneath; margin whitish, byssoid. Folds dingy yellow, then subolivaceous, porous, then gyrose. Flesh very soft, silky, thin. Spores "honey yellow under the microscope, 624 MERULIUS. PHLEBIA elliptical, 9-10 x 6/*. Basal hyphae narrow, few, honey yellow, up to 6-7 /A in diam., not incrusted; subhymenial hyphae, loosely inter- woven, hyaline, 4ju, in diam." Burt. Dead conifer and cherry wood. Sept. Dec. Rare. 2108. M. fugax Fr. (= Merulius molluscus Fr. sec. Burt; Merulius laeticolor Berk. sec. Romell.) - Fr. Icon. t. 193, fig. 2, as Merulius molluscus Fr. Fugax, fleeting. R. 3-10 cm., white, or yellowish, resupinate, effused ; margin whitish, byssoid. Folds flesh colour, drying cream colour, pinkish buff, with or without a tinge of orange, or dark brown, gyroso-plicate. Flesh mem- branaceous, very soft, thin. Spores yellowish, or hyaline, broadly elliptical, 4-5 x 3-4/i. Cystidia none. "Hyphae loosely interwoven, long-celled, nodose-septate, 3-4/z in diam., sparingly and coarsely granule-incrusted towards the substratum" Burt. Coniferous wood, and branches. Sept. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) M. molluscus Fr. = Merulius fugax Fr. 2109. M. pinastri (Fr.) Burt. (= Hydnum pinastri Fr. ; Hydnum sordi- dum Weinm. sec. Burt.) Pinastri, of pines. R. 2-20 cm., pinnard yellow, then olive ochre, becoming darker, and finally Dresden brown to raw-umber, resupinate, effused, loosely at- tached to the substratum, whitish and tomentose beneath ; mycelium often reddish, or deep brownish vinaceous; margin whitish, 01 flesh pink. Hymenium for a long time smooth, at length raised in shallow folds forming irregular, angular pores, or reticulations, -5-1-5 mm. in diam., or prolonged into subulate, or Irpex-like teeth. Spores pale ochraceous in the mass, yellow brown, broadly ovoid to subglobose, 5-7 x 4-5 \L, Cystidia none. Hyphae hyaline, 2-5/A in diam., loosely interwoven, nodose-septate. Pine wood and leaves, and cedar chips. Sept. Nov. Rare. Phlebia Fr. (<XeT/r, a vein.) Receptacle waxy, or subgelatinous, becoming cartilaginous when dry, erect, or resupinate and effused. Hymenium from the first covering radiating, obtuse wrinkles or veins, continuous or broken up into tubercles, rarely smooth, fertile on the edge. Spores white, elliptical, reniform, oblong, or cylindrical, smooth. Cystidia none. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground. 2110. P. merismoides Fr. (= Phlebia aurantiaca (Sow.) Karst. sec. Pat. ; Phlebia radiata Fr. ; Phlebia contorta Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 280. Merisma, an old genus of Thelephora; elSos, like. R. 2-5-9 cm., flesh colour, then livid, widely effused, smooth, or uneven, villose and white beneath', margin orange, strigose. Wrinkles PHLEBIA. PLICATURA 625 purplish flesh colour, simple, straight, or tubercular, crowded. Flesh concolorous, subgelatinous, then membranaceous. Spores white, cylin- drical, somewhat curved, 4-5 x 1-5-2/u,. Stumps, branches, and logs. Sept. Feb. Common, (v.v.) 2111. P. radiata Fr. (= Phlebia aumntiaca (Sow.) Karst. sec. Pat.) Radiata, rayed. R 2-5-20 cm., red flesh colour, or almost orange, somewhat round, effused, often confluent, equal, smooth on both sides; margin radiately toothed. Wrinkles purplish flesh colour, straight, radiating in rows. Flesh paler, membranaceous, tough, thin. Spores white, cylindrical, slightly curved, 46 x 1-2 /A. Dead wood, branches, and logs, espe- cially alder. July April. Common, (v.v.) 2112. P. erecta Rea. Erecta, upright. R. 1-3 cm., bright flesh colour, becoming blackish, clavate, erect, effused ; clubs cylindrical, 2-3 mm. thick, apex obtuse, or acute, white fioccose at base, smooth. Flesh concolorous, or paler, waxy. Spores white, reniform, 4-5 x 2-3|U, 2-guttulate. Basidia with 4-sterigmata. Burnt ground amongst mosses. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2113. P. contorta Fr. (= Phlebia aurantiaca (Sow.) Karst. sec. Pat.) Contorta, twisted. R. 2-5-10 cm., rufous, then fuscous, widely effused, smooth on both sides; margin indeterminate. Wrinkles concolorous, here and there con- glomerated, branched, subflexuose, irregularly arranged. Flesh mem- branaceous, firm. Spores white, oblong, 5-6 x 3p, bi-guttulate. Dead wood, and fallen branches. Sept. Dec. Uncommon. P. vaga Fr. = Hypochnus fumosus Fr. 2114. P. albida Fr. Albida, whitish R. 2-4 cm., white, orbicular, effused, becoming confluent, adnate ; margin determinate, becoming slightly free. Wrinkles white, simple, elevated, irregularly dispersed. Flesh white, waxy coriaceous, then cartilaginous. Spores white, elliptical, obtuse at both ends, 4-5 x 2-5-3/u, 1-2-guttulate. Fallen trunks. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 2115. P. lirellosa (Pers.) B. & Br. Pers. Myc. Eur. n, t. 17, fig. 2, as^. Daedalea lirellosa Pers. Lirellosa, with little ridges. R. 2-5-5 cm., umber grey, resupinate; margin free. Wrinkles very small, linear, thin, straight, branched, or anastomosing to form pores. Flesh thin. Wood, and branches, especially black poplar. Rare. Plicatura Peck (= Trogia Fr. p.p.). (Plicatus, folded; ovpd, tail.) Pileus spongy coriaceous, soft, flaccid, dimidiate, sessile, or sub- stipitate. Hymenium covering obtuse veins, gill-like in front, crisped R. B. B. 40 626 PLICATUBA. CONIOPHORA and branched behind, fertile on the edge. Spores white, oblong, or cylindrical, smooth. Cystidia none. Growing on wood. 2116. P. crispa (Pers.) Rea. (= Plicatura faginea (Schrad.) Karst. ; Trogia crispa (Pers.) Fr.; Merulius crispus (Pers.) Quel.) Cke. Illus. no. 1099, t. 1114 A, as Trogia crispa Fr. Crispa, curled. R. -5-3 cm., light yellow rufescent, whitish at the margin, cup-shaped, sessile, or substipitate, then reflexed, dimidiate, often lobed, villose, slightly zoned. Gills white, or bluish grey, vein-like, dichotomous, narrow, crisped, very much swollen, edge obtuse. Flesh white, fibril- lose, firm, tough. Spores white, oblong, depressed on one side, 56 x 3/u,, 1-guttulate. Beech, and birch logs. Jan. Dec. Uncommon. (.*.) Coniophora (DC.) Pers. (KOVIS, dust; <J>epa>, I bear.) Receptacle fleshy, waxy, subcoriaceous, or membranaceous, re- supinate, effused. Hymenium smooth, subundulate tubercular, or granular. Spores coloured, elliptical, navicular, or subfusiform, smooth. Cystidia none. Growing on wood, or on the ground. 2117. C. puteana (Schum.) Karst. (= Corticium (Coniophora) putea- num (Schum.) Fr.; Coniophora cerebella Pers.) Puteana, pertaining to a well. R. 4-20 cm., light yellowish pallid, at length fuscous olivaceous, broadly effused, roundish, separable; margin white, mucedinous. Hymenium fuscous olivaceous, even, subundulate, or gyrose, often subtubercular, pulverulent. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, rather thick. Spores fuscous olivaceous, or ferruginous, broadly elliptical, obtuse, or pointed at one end, 11-13 x 7-8 ft. Hyphae hyaline, 4-7 /M in diam., densely interwoven. Stumps, felled trees, logs and worked wood. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2118. C. arida Fr. (= Corticium (Coniophora) aridum Fr. ; Coniophora Cookei Massee.) Fr. Icon. 1 199, fig. 1. Arida, dry. R. 3-20 cm., sulphur yellow, then umber inclining to ferruginous, effused, adnate, continuous; margin paler, or whitish, byssoid. Hyme- nium concolorous, even. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, thin. Spores olivaceous, elliptical, obtuse, or pointed at one end, 9-12 x 6-7 /u. Hyphae hyaline, 2-3/x in diam., loosely interwoven, thin walled. Stumps, felled trees, logs, and worked wood, especially of conifers. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2119. C. laxa (Fr.) Quel. (= Corticium (Coniophora) laxum Fr.) Laxa, loose. R. 5-10 cm., white, then ferruginous, effused, adhering laxly, arach- noid beneath; margin white, byssoid. Hymenium pallid, then ochra- CONIOPHORA 627 ceous ferruginous, papillose, pulverulent. Flesh whitish, membrana- ceous, floccose, loose. Spores deep rusty purple, or ferruginous in the mass, elliptical, 10-11 x 6-7 JLI; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Bark, twigs, lichens and moss. Nov. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2120. C. Bourdotii Bres. L'abbe H. Bourdot, the eminent French mycologist. R. 2-10 cm., whitish, then umber and fuscous, broadly effused, adnate; margin white, delicately fimbriate. Hymenium umber, even. Flesh pale, soft, loose. Spores brown, navicular, or subfusiform, 17-23 x 6-9/A. Bark, and fallen branches. Sept. Oct. Kare. (v.v.) 2121. C. pulverulenta (Lev.) Massee. Pulverulenta, dusty. R. 4-18 cm., rusty brown, broadly effused, dry; margin whitish byssoid, thin. Hymenium concolorous, or dark brown, pulverulent, even entire. Flesh thin. Spores "yellow brown, elliptical, 14-15 x 9-10/i" Massee. Wood. Rare. 2122. C. membranacea (DC.) Massee. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 214, as Auricularia pulverulenta Sow. Membranacea, having a skin. R. 530 cm., pallid, then dirty pale ferruginous, broadly effused, subrotund, fragile, separable; margin yellowish, minutely fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, minutely pulverulent. Flesh thin. Spores "yellow brown, elliptical, 10-15 x 5-6 /z" Massee. Wood, walls, paper, etc. Rare. 2123. C. incrustans Massee. Incrustans, covering with a coat. R. 3-15 cm., pale ochraceous, or dirty white, effused, indeterminate, inseparable. Hymenium concolorous, compact, waxy, pulverulent. Flesh thin. Spores "very pale ochraceous, elliptical, 15-17 x 8-10/j," Massee. Running over leaves, twigs, etc. Rare. 2124. C. stabularis Fr. Stabularis, pertaining to a stall. R. 3-10 cm., white, then vinous fuscous, effused, flaxy; margin white, byssoid. Hymenium concolorous, white pruinose, the tubercles col- lapsing. Flesh soft, floccose, thin, smell foetid. Fir wood. Rare. 2125. C. subdealbata (B. & Br.) Massee. (= Corticium subdealbatum B. & Br.) Sub, somewhat; dealbata, whitewashed. R. 4-12 cm., ochraceous olive, effused, determinate. Hymenium concolorous, often with paler barren patches, pulverulent. Flesh thin. Spores "ochraceous, elliptical, with a minute basal apiculus, 11-12 x 7-8 /x" Massee. Pine bark, and wood. Dec. Rare. 2126. C. Berkeley! Massee. Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of British mycology. R. 310 cm., yellow brown, becoming purplish with age, effused, determinate; margin sometimes minutely byssoid. Hymenium 402 628 CONIOPHORA. CONIOPHORELLA concolorous, becoming much cracked. Flesh thick, silky, compact. Spores " yellow brown, elliptical, with a minute basal apiculus, 1 1-12 x 6-7 /z" Massee. Decorticated wood. Rare. 2127. C. ochracea Massee. Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour, xxv, t. 47, fig. 13. 0)^/065, pale. R. 4-12 cm., whitish, then ochraceous, very broadly effused, in- separable, usually indeterminate. Hymenium concolorous, pulveru- lent. Flesh yellowish, membranaceous, thin. Spores "yellowish, sub- globose, 8 x 6 7 fj,', subhymenial hyphae pale yellow, very thick, up to 18/x in diam." Massee. Inside elm bark. July. Rare. 2128. C. sulphurea (Fr.) Massee. (= Corticium sulphureum Fr.) Sulphur ea, brimstone colour. R. 3-13 cm., bright sulphur yellow, broadly effused, adnate; margin bright sulphur yellow, fibrillosely byssoid, and running out in cord-like radiating strands. Hymenium concolorous, brownish yellow on the fertile portions, often imperfect, waxy, cracking when dry. Flesh spongy, fibrillose, thick. Spores "brownish yellow, broadly elliptical, 11-12 x 8-10/x" Massee. Wood, bark, and leaves. Oct. Jan. Rare. var. ochroidea (Berk.) Massee. 0)^/969, pale; elSos, form. Differs from the type in the pale ochraceous hymenium, and the larger olive spores, elliptical, with a minute apiculus at the base, 16-18 x 9-10/i. Wood, and bark. Rare. C. sulfurea (Pers.) Quel. = Hypochnus fumosus Fr. Coniophorella Karsten. (Coniophorella, diminutive of Coniophora.) Like Coniophora, but with long, cylindrical, cystidia. 2129. C. umbrina (A. & S.) Bres. (= Corticium (Coniophora) um- brinum (A. & S.) Fr.) Umbrina, umber. R. 3-8 cm., umber, effused, not easily separable, villose beneath', margin concolorous, narrow, radiating. Hymenium concolorous, or ferruginous, even, sometimes granular, tomentose, setulose. Flesh brownish, soft, loose, fairly thick. Spores umber, elliptical, or pip- shaped, 9-13 x 5-8/z. Cystidia concolorous, cylindrical, 90-170 x 9-12/x, sometimes incrusted, obtuse, septate. Hyphae brownish, 3-6/u, in diam., loosely interwoven. Wood, branches, and twigs. Sept. May. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2130. C. olivacea (Fr.) Karst. (= Corticium (Hypochnus) olivaceum Fr.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, figs, in text, p. 73. Olivacea, olive coloured. R. 4-30 cm., distinctly olive when fresh, drying to a colour varying CONIOPHORELLA. FISTULINA. MUCRONELLA 629 between Saccardo's olive, huffy citrine and Isabella colour, thinly effused, following the inequalities of the matrix, adnate ; margin whitish, very thin. Hymenium concolorous, tomentose, setulose. Flesh brownish, loose, thin. Spores olivaceous, or yellow brown, elliptical, flattened on one side, obtuse, or pointed at the one end, 9-13 x 4-8 fi; basidia elongated, tapering gradually downwards, 40-80 x 7-8 /x, with. 4 curved sterigmata, 5-8 /x, long. Cystidia brownish, paler and blunt at the apex, 160-290 x 12-18/u, projecting about 75-130/t, many- septate, slightly constricted at the septa. Basal hyphae clear dark brown, 4-7 /j, in diam., branched, frequently septate with, clamp con- nections. Nov. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) C. byssoidea (Pers.) Bres. = Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.) v. Hoehn. & Litsch. 4. FlSTULINACEAE. Hymenium inferior, lining free and separate tubes. Pistulina (Bull.) Fr. (Fistulina, a little pipe.) Pileus fleshy, subgelatinous in the upper layer, stipitate, or sessile. Stem lateral, or none. Tubes at first papillose, then cylindrical, dis- tinct and free from each other. Spores coloured, elliptical, smooth. Conidia present in the tissues. Growing on wood. 2131. F. hepatica (Huds.) Fr. Berk. Outl. t. 17, fig. 1. r)TraTiKo<;, belonging to the liver. P. 5-30 cm., blood red, pale purplish red, liver colour, or chocolate, becoming blackish, roundish, dimidiate, or subspathulate, sessile, or stipitate, rough, thick, fleshy, viscid. St. when present, 3-7 x 2- 4 cm., concolorous, punctate. Tubes pallid, becoming reddish, separate', orifice of tubes pale, round. Flesh reddish, marbled like beet root, fibrous, distilling a red pellucid juice, 2-3 cm. thick. Spores pink, subglobose, 4-5-5 x 4/A, with a large central gutta. Taste somewhat acrid, especially when young. Edible. On trunks of trees, oak, ash, walnut, willow, beech, sweet chestnut, hornbeam, elm. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 5. HYDNACEAE. Hymenium spread over the surface of spines, granules, warts, or other protuberances, or quite a smooth surface, with the intervening spaces fertile. Receptacle fleshy, coriaceous, waxy, crustaceous, or floccose, rarely none. Mucronella Fr. (Mucronella, a little sharp point.) Receptacle none, consisting of a floccose, fugacious mycelium. Spines simple, cylindrical, subulate, acute, scattered, or fasciculate, 630 MUCRONELLA. HYDNTJM and then more or less connate at the base. Spores white, oblong, or subglobose, smooth, or punctate; basidia with 1-4-sterigmata. Cys- tidia present. Growing on wood. 2132. M. calva (A. & S.) Fr. Calva, bald. Spines white, then pale, 1-3 mm. long, scattered, rigid, thin. Spores white, "oblong, hardly depressed, 4-6 x 3/x. Hyphae thin walled, 3-6 p, emerging in a sterile bundle" Bourd. & Galz. Rotten pine stumps. Sept. Oct. Rare. 2133. M. aggregate Fr. Aggregate, clustered. R. '5-2 cm., white, then pale, subiculum absent, or occasional. Teeth subulate, short, free, arranged in groups. Spores hyaline, elliptical, 4-6 x 2-5-4 /A; basidia cylindrical or clavate, 10-20 x 3-5-5 /A. Hyphae 2-4 ju, in diam., thin walled, clamp connections sparse. Very old rotten logs. Oct. Rare. Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. (vSvov, the old name for truffles.) Receptacle fleshy, coriaceous, or corky, simple, or branched, pileate, or coralloid, stipitate, or sessile. Stem central, lateral, or none. Spines subulate, acute, distinct at the base. Flesh white, or coloured. Spores white, or coloured, elliptical, oval, globose, subglobose, or angularly globose, smooth, granular, verrucose, or echinulate ; basidia with 2-5- sterigmata. Cystidia present, or absent. Micro- and macro-conidia present in some species. Growing on the ground, or on wood. I. St. central. A. P. fleshy. *Spores white. 2134. H. repandum (Linn.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 44. Repandum, bent backwards. P. 5-15 cm., pale buff flesh colour, or subrufescent, convex, somewJiat repand, often irregular and excentric, smooth, or minutely floccose and pruinose, firm; margin often lobed. St. 3-12 x 1-5-4 cm., white, or pallid, ochraceous at the base, irregularly shaped. Spines white, then flesh colour, 4-8 mm. long, decurrent, unequal, conical, entire, rarely bifid, or tubular, brittle. Flesh white, firm, fragile, thick. Spores white, subglobose, apiculate, 6-7 x 5-6/M. Smell pleasant. Taste bitter. Edible. Woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) var. album Quel. Album, white. Differs from the type in the milk white pileus. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) HYDNUM 631 var. rufescens (Pers.) Fr. Bolt. Hist. Fung. t. 88, as Hydnum re- pandum. Rufescens, becoming reddish. Differs from the type in being rufescent, in the smaller size of all its parts, the non-decurrent spines and the slightly larger spores, 8-10/z,. Woods. Aug. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 2135. H. fuligineo-album Schmidt. Boud. Icon. t. 168. Fuligineus, sooty; album, white. P. 5-15 cm., whitish, tinged rosy, or somewhat fuscous towards the margin, convex, then expanded and depressed, often finally infundi- buliform, repand, wavy, rather silky, smooth, disc often with darker scales, or spots; margin at first involute. St. 45 x 1-1 -5 cm., whitish rosy, or concolorous and slightly fuscous at the base, central, or ex- centric, subequal, or attenuated at the base, subsquamulose, or gla- brous. Spines white, becoming rosy reddish, slightly fuscous at the base, 6-8 mm. long, decurrent, subulate, or compressed, crowded. Flesh white, rosy when broken, thick, firm. Spores "white, verrucose, sub- reticulate, globose, 3-5 /A " Boud. Smell strong, unpleasant, "of liquorice" Quel. Taste somewhat pleasant. Coniferous woods, and adjoining pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare. 2136. H. fragile Fr. Fragile, brittle. P. 430 cm., pallid, soon cinereous, or brick rufescent, convex, then plane and depressed, pubescent at first, becoming smooth, often zoned towards the margin, and minutely squamulose, or wrinkled; margin undulate, lobed. St. 4-8 x 1-5-10 cm., pallid, becoming rufescent or cinereous, often incrassated at the base, unequal, smooth. Spines whitish, then grey, 4-8 mm. long, scarcely decurrent, subulate, slender, fragile. Flesh grey, or reddish, soft, thick, firm, sometimes zoned. Spores white, subangularly globose, 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Pine woods, and moors. Sept. Nov. Rare, but occasionally abundant, (v.v.) 2137. H. molle Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 2, upper figs. Molle, soft. P. 6-11 cm., white, becoming greyish or tinged with chocolate, convex, then umbilicate, or irregularly depressed, often wavy, covered with a dense tomentose coat. St. 4-5 x 2 cm., white, then grey, equal, conical, glabrous. Spines white, then grey, 6-8 mm. long, decurrent, acuminate, thin, crowded. Flesh white, becoming yellowish when broken, soft, thick. Spores white, "globose, with a basal apiculus, 7 /A" Massee. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. **Spores coloured. 2138. H. imbricatum (Linn.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 71. Imbricatum, covered with tiles. P. 7-50 cm., umber, convex, then plane, often subumbilicate, and finally infundibuliform, fioccose, tessulato-scaly. St. 2-5-7-5 x 2-5- 632 HYDNUM 5 cm., whitish, or concolorous, firm, smooth. Spines cinereous white, 10-12 mm. long, decurrent, subulate, thin. Flesh pale, then huffish or reddish, thick, firm, sometimes zoned. Spores reddish brown, verru- cose, oval or globose, 5-6 x 5p,, 1-guttulate. Taste bitter. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2139. H. squamosum (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 273. Squamosum, scaly. P. 3-8 cm., rufous fuscous, convex, gibbous, then irregular and de- pressed, smooth, breaking up into irregular, fibrillose, chestnut coloured scales. St. 3-4 x 1-1-5 fj,, white, attenuated downwards, smooth. Spines greyish fuscous, apex whitish, thin. Flesh whitish, thick, firm. Spores "yellowish tawny, subglobose, 7/z, granular" Quel. Taste pleasant. Edible. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 2140. H. scabrosum Fr. Scabrosum, rough. P. 34 cm., umber ferruginous, turbinate, then plane, very convex beneath, tomentose, then rough with fasciculate flocci, which form minute crowded scales. St. 2-5 x 2-5 cm., cinereous, blackish at the base, attenuated downwards, round, or compressed, dotted with the rudimentary decurrent spines. Spines fuscous ferruginous, apex whitish, 8 mm. long, decurrent, subulate, equal, crowded. Flesh white, becoming blackish at the base of the stem, very thick, firm. Spores reddish brown, verrucose, globose, 4-5/u,. Pine woods. Sept. Rare. (v.v.) 2141. H. laevigatum (Swartz) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 138. Laevigatum, made smooth. P. 513 cm., greyish umber, at first often tinged with fuscous purple, somewhat irregular, convex, then plane, or depressed, smooth, then breaking up into minute squamules; margin incurved, pubescent. St. 4-6 x 2-3 cm., greyish, or lilac colour, often excentric, subequal, somewhat glabrous. Spines umber fuscous, apex whitish, 1-2-5 cm. long, decurrent, large. Flesh whitish grey, pale lilac purple when young and broken, thick, compact. Spores "somewhat fuscous, angularly globose, tuberculose, 6-7 x 4-5/x" Bres. Taste somewhat bitter. Smell strong, unpleasant, " d'immortelle sauvage when dried" Quel. Edible. Pine woods. Aug. Nov. Rare. 2142. H. acre Quel. Quel. Soc. bot. (1877), no. 36, t. 6, fig. 1. Acre, sharp. P. 10-12 cm., light yellow, then olivaceous, or bistre, plane, shaggy, velvety. St. 3 x 2 cm., cream olivaceous, oval, often branched, villose. Spines white, then brown, apex light yellow, decurrent, thin. Flesh light yellow, watery. Spores light yellow, spinulose, 6/u,. Taste very pungent, bitter and peppery. Poisonous. Pine, and chestnut woods, and sandy places. Rare. HYDNTJM 633 2143. H. infundibulum (Swartz) Fr. (= Hydnum fusipes Pers. sec. Quel.) Pers. Myc. Eur. u, t. 20, figs. 4-6, as Hydnum fusipes Pers. Infundibulum, a funnel. P. 5-20 cm., brown, infundibuliform, lobed, unequal, smooth. St. 5-7-5 x 2-5 cm., white, then reddish or brownish, constricted at the base, unequal, smooth. Spines white, then bay or brown, decurrent. Flesh white, fleshy, fibrous, firm. Pine woods. Sept. Bare. H. fusipes Pers. = Hydnum infundibulum (Swartz) Fr. B. P. corky, or coriaceous, tough. *Spores white. 2144. H. cinereum (Bull.) Fr. Cinereum, ash colour. P. 5-9 cm., white, becoming greyish and tinged with lilac or chocolate, convex, umbilicate. repand, at length often infundibuliform, minutely tomentose, or pubescent; margin thin. St. 2-3 x -5 cm., white, then grey, attenuated at the base, often branched, firm, glabrous. Spines white, then grey, 1-2 mm. long, decurrent, thin. Flesh whitish, be- coming ferruginous, corky, thin. Spores white, "6/i, granular" Quel. Coniferous woods. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 2145. H. nigrum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 5, lower figs. Nigrum, black. P. 2-10 cm., whitish, soon becoming azure-blue-black with the margin whitish, club-shaped, then turbinate, at length flattened, piano-de- pressed, tubercular, tomentose, sometimes zoned. St. 2-3 x -5- 1-5 cm., black, equal, often rooting at the base, unequal, thickened at the tomentose base. Spines white, then grey, 2 mm. long, subulate, thin. Flesh black, corky rigid. Spores white, minutely verrucose, sub- globose, 4/n. Often connate. Coniferous woods. Sept. Nov. Not un- common, (v.v.) 2146. H. graveolens (Delast.) Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 6, upper figs. Graveolens, strong smelling. P. 25 cm., bistre becoming black, then cinereous with the margin whitish, hemispherical, sinuate, often depressed at the centre, thin, soft, rugose, silky. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 1-3 mm., fuscous black, thickened at the apex, tough, equal, smooth. Spines white, then grey, -5-1 mm. long, decurrent, thin. Flesh concolorous, or paler, coriaceous, rigid, thin. Spores white, echinulate, globose, 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Smell strong of Fenugreek, or tincture of Belladonna. Often connate. Coni- ferous woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2147. H. melaleucum Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 272, as Hydnum pullum Schaeff. /ie\a<?, black; Xeuo9, white. P. 1-5-3 cm., greyish violet, or bistre, then black with the margin white, 634 HYDNTJM plane, irregular, striate, rigid, with little elevations at the disc, silky. St. 1-5-3 cm. x 2-3 mm., black, enlarged at the apex, smooth. Spines white, then flesh colour, -5-1 mm. long, slender, thin. Flesh violaceous, or black, coriaceous, thin, firm, sometimes zoned. Spores white, glo- bose, 2-5-3/n. Caespitose. Pine woods. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 2148. H. cyathiforme (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 139. KvaOos, a cup; forma, shape. P. 2-5-6 cm., pale cinereous, or lilac, with the margin white, plane, then cup-shaped, or infundibuliform, sometimes zoned, silky, disc subtomentose. St. 2-3 cm. x 5-8 mm., pale cinereous, often violet, equal, smooth. Spines white, -5-1 mm. long, very slender. Flesh white, becoming greyish or ferruginous, coriaceous, thin. Spores white, echinulate, globose, 3/z, 1-guttulate. Often connate. Woods. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) **Spores coloured. 2149. H. compactum (Pers.) Fr. Compactum, strongly built. P. 2-5-15 cm., white, soon becoming olivaceous cinereous or fuscous, plane, flat, irregularly shaped, sometimes almost sessile, undulated, tuberculose, densely covered with whitish down when young; margin becoming bluish, lobed, waved, thick. St. 2-3 x 2-3-5 cm., tawny in- clined to fuscous, irregularly shaped. Spines fuscous, apex pallid, 2-7 mm. long, decurrent, subulate. Flesh zoned with azure blue, in- tervals between the zones whitish, somewhat blood red in the stem, corky, compact, firm, very thick. Spores light reddish brown, minutely ver- rucose, angularly globose, 4-5/x,, 1-guttulate. Often connate. Coni- ferous woods, and moors. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2150. H. aurantiacum (A. & S.) Fr. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 142. Aurantiacum, golden. P. 2-5-15 cm., whitish, soon orange yellow with a white margin, turbinato-dilated, with small elevations, at first covered with white down. St. 2-5 x 1-3 cm., orange, obconic, or equal. Spines whitish, becoming orange, and at length fuscous, 2-4 mm. long, decurrent, subulate. Flesh tawny orange, zoned, corky, compact, thick. Spores yellowish, verru- cose, angularly globose, 4-6 x 4-5/t*, multi-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2151. H. ferrugineum Fr. (= Hydnum floriforme (Schaeff.) Quel.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 143. Ferrugineum, of the colour of iron rust. P. 2-5-10 cm., white, and exuding blood red drops, then variegated with blood red zones, and finally entirely reddish brown or ferruginous, with the margin white, obconic, hemispherical, then expanded and depressed or cyathiform, at first covered with white down, rugose. St. HYDNUM 635 4-8 x 1-5-2-5 cm., fuscous ferruginous, often becoming blackish, un- equal, compressed, or sulcate, attenuated, or incrassated at the base, slightly tomentose, becoming smooth. Spines white, soon fuscous ferruginous, 3-5 mm. long, decurrent, subulate, equal. Flesh ferrugi- nous, becoming blackish with age especially in the stem, zoned, spongy corky, thick. Spores fuscous, minutely verrucose, angularly globose, 3-4/Li. Smell slightly pleasant. Coniferous woods, and moors. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2152. H. scrobiculatum Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 5, upper figs. Scrobiculatum, pitted. P. 2-510 cm., ferruginous, becoming paler, plane, depressed and cyathiform, or rarely infundibuliform, pubescent, disc slightly pitted and scaly. St. 1-4 x 12-5 cm., concolorous, or darker, equal, often rooting, smooth. Spines concolorous, apex flesh colour, becoming fuscous, 25 mm. long, subdecurrent, thin, fragile. Flesh ferruginous, be- coming paler, zoned, corky coriaceous, thick. Spores pale reddish brown, angularly globose, 4/x. Often confluent. Coniferous woods, and moors. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2153. H. zonatum (Batsch) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 99, no. 218. Zonatum, zoned. P. 2-5-5 cm., ferruginous, becoming paler when dry, plane, then de- pressed and cyathiform, zoned, radiato-rugose, silky, becoming smooth; margin thin. St. 2-5 cm. x 46 mm., concolorous, or paler, thickened at the base, equal, floccose. Spines pallid, apex grey and glistening, then ferruginous, 1-3 mm. long, thin. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous, fibrous, thin. Spores pale reddish brown, echinulate, globose, 3-4/x, 1-guttulate. Coniferous, and frondose woods. Aug. Nov. Not un- common, (v.v.) 2154. H. Queletii Fr. Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 20, fig. 2. Lucien Quelet, the eminent mycologist. P. 23 cm., bright chestnut, becoming dark fuscous, plane, then um- bilicate, silky, disc with thin, crowded, radiating tufts and wrinkles; margin white. St. 12 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, equal, silky, base floccose. Spines grey, then bay brown, 1-2 mm. long, decurrent, thin. Flesh concolorous, or reddish, paler at the apex of the p., corky mem- branaceous, thin. Spores yellowish, minutely verrucose, globose, 3-4/n. Often confluent. Frondose woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (*.) II. St. lateral. 2155. H. auriscalpium (Linn.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 196. Auriscalpium, ear-pick. P. 1-2 cm., pallid, or flesh colour, then date brown and blackish, dimidiate, reniform, rarely hemispherical, hairy; margin sometimes 636 HYDNUM lobed. St. 3-8 cm. x 1-4 mm., ochraceous, then concolorous, vertical, lateral, rarely central, hairy, rooted. Spines yellowish, or flesh colour, then cinereous and brown, 1-3 mm. long, coriaceous, thin, crowded. Spores white, minutely echinulate, globose, 4-5/z. Cones of conifers. May Feb. Common, (v.v.) III. Very much branched, or tuberculiform, and immarginate. 2156. H. coralloides (Scop.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 100, no. 221. Kopd\\tov, coral; eZSo?, like. P. 10-40 cm., shining white, at length yellowish, very much branched, entirely broken up into attenuated, intricate branches, arising from a thick trunk; primary branches, 12-20 mm. thick, ultimate ones, 1-2 mm. thick, pruinose. Spines white, becoming yellowish, 6-10 mm. long, fasciculate, subulate, entire, unilateral. Flesh white, fleshy fibrous. Spores white, globose, 4/u,, with a large central gutta. Edible. Decayed fir, beech, ash, birch, and oak trunks. Oct. Nov. Rare. (v.v.) 2157. H. erinaceus (Bull.) Fr. Holland, Champ, t. 100, no. 220. Erinaceus, a hedgehog. P. 5-30 cm., white, then yellowish, spathulate, or epaulet-shape, pendulous, tubercular, immarginate, torn into fibrils above. St. some- times rudimentary. Spines white, 3-6 cm. long, pendulous, straight, equal, simple, crowded, pruinose. Flesh white, unchangeable, thick, lacunose, tough, very soft, elastic. Spores white, subglobose, 6-7 /u., with a large central gutta. Taste acid, then sweet. Edible. Beech, oak, hornbeam, and alder trunks. Sept. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 2158. H. caput-Medusae (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 412. Caput, head; Medusae, of a Medusa. P. 7-10 cm., white, then fuliginous cinereous, globose, tuberculiform, substipitate, covered all over with spines. Spines on upper surface dis- torted, the lower ones, 10-20 mm. long, straight. Flesh white, fibrillose, soft. Trunks. Rare. 2159. H. setosum (Pers.) Bres. (= Hydnum Schiedermayeri Heufl. ; Dryodon luteocarneum (Seer.) Quel.) Kalchbr. Icon. t. 38, fig. 4, as Hydnum Schiedermayeri Heufl. Setosum, bristly. P. 15-30 cm., sulphur, then flesh colour, becoming rufescent on ex- posure to the sun, broadly effused, immarginate, tubercular, stalactite- like, pruinose. Spines sulphur flesh colour, apex white fimbriate, in- cised, 3-5 mm. long, subulate, often fasciculate, compressed, chan- nelled, intermixed with shorter conical spines, crowded. Flesh white, sulphur near the exterior, cheesy, juicy, firm, lacunose, sometimes bearing spines in the inside. Spores white, pale ochraceous, sub- HYDNUM 637 globose, 4-5 x 3-5-4/z, 1-guttulate. Mycelium citron yellow. Taste unpleasant, acid. Old apple trunks. Aug. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 2160. H. squalinum Fr. Ray, Syn. t. 1, fig. 5. Squalinum, pertaining to a shark. P. 2-8 cm., pale wood colour, suborbicular, then confluent, adnate, waxy, pruinose, villose, becoming smooth; margin white, villose, thin. Spines yellowish amber, becoming fuscous, base brownish, 2-3 mm. long, acute, subdivided, or entire, stout, compressed, connate, trans- lucid. Flesh white, coriaceous, firm, thick. Spores "yellowish, echinu- late, oval, 4/u," Quel. Dead beech trunks. Sept. Oct. Rare. IV. P. sessile, dimidiate, marginate, often effuso-reflexed. 2161. H. cirrnatum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 71, fig. 1. Cirrhatum, curled. P. 5-10 cm., pallid, varying white, light yellowish, or rufescent, effused, then reflexed, dimidiate, shell-shaped, often imbricate, brist- ling above with sterile spines or scattered, flexuose fibres; margin pink, incurved, fimbriate. Spines cream colour, 10-15 mm. long, subulate, tough, elastic, equal, thin. Flesh white, then pinkish cream colour, corky soft, thick. Spores white, " subelliptical, 3-5-4 x 2-75-3 ft, often 1-guttulate, becoming blue with iodine" Bourd. & Galz. Taste and smell pleasant. Edible. Oak, beech, birch, and fir trunks. Aug. Sept. Uncommon. 2162. H. diversidens Fr. Fr. Sverig. atl. Svamp. t. 71, fig. 2. Diver sus, different; dens, tooth. P. 5-13 cm., white, then yellowish, or flesh colour, dimidiate, shell- shaped, often very irregularly shaped, here and there lobed, sessile, or substipitate, often imbricate, densely beset above with erect, variously shaped, incised teeth; margin membranaceous, lobed, clothed with club- shaped spines. Spines white, 612 mm. long, subulate, entire, regular, pubescent. Flesh whitish, soft, moist. Spores white, "oval globose, 3-4 ju, with a large central gutta" Quel. Taste pleasant. Edible. Beech, birch, hornbeam, and oak stumps. Oct. Rare. 2163. H. pulcherrimum Berk. & Curt. Pulcherrimum, very beautiful. P. 3 cm., white, shaded pale tawny, pulvinate, dimidiate, expanded, subimbricate, stiffly downy ; margin lobed, thin. Spines tawny, 3-5 mm. long, variable in size. Flesh fibrous. Oct. Rare. 2164. H. multiplex Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 6, lower figs. Multiplex, with many folds. P. 8-10 cm., date brown, becoming fuscous, reniform, spathulate, wedge-shaped, densely imbricate, connate in very numerous flabelli- form, connate pilei, radiately striate, velvety, produced behind into a 638 HYDNTJM common, fusiform stem, 12mm. and more long; margin at first be- coming white, then concolorous, acute. Spines whitish cinereous, or lead colour, then date brown, short, slender, very crowded. Flesh becoming fuscous, coriaceous, thin, pliant. Rare. H.fusco-atrum Fr. = Acia fusco-atra (Fr.) Pat. H. membranaceum Fr. = Acia membranacea (Fr. non Bull.) Bourd. & Galz. H. membranaceum Bull. = Radulum molare Fr. H. Weinmannii Fr. = Acia fusco-atra (Fr.) Pat. sec. Bres. H. crinale Fr. = Caldesiella crinalis (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. H. ferruginosum Fr. = Caldesiella crinalis (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. H. variecolor Fr. = var. of Sistotrema sulphureum Quel. sec. Bourd. & Galz. H. aureum Fr. = Odontia aurea (Fr.) Quel. H. denticulatum (Pers.) Fr. = Acia denticulata (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. H. alutaceum Fr. = Odontia arguta (Fr.) Quel. var. alutacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. H. sulphureum Schwein. = Odontia sulphur ea (Schwein.) Rea. H. sordidum Weinm. = Merulius pinastri (Fr.) Burt. H. limonicolor B. & Br. = Odontia limonicolor (B. & Br.) Quel. H, pinastri Fr. = Merulius pinastri (Fr.) Burt. H. spathulatum (Schwein.) Fr. = Odontia spathulata (Schwein.) Rea. H. multiforme B. & Br. = Odontia multiformis (B. & Br.) Rea. H. anomalum B. & Br. = Odontia anomala (B. & Br.) Rea. H. melleum B. & Br. = Odontia mellea (B. & Br.) Rea. H. viride (A. & S.) Fr. = Caldesiella viridis (A. & S.) Pat. H. udum Fr. = Acia uda (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. H. Hollii (Schmidt) Fr. = Odontia Hoffli (Schmidt) Rea. H. bicolor (A. & S.) Fr. = Odontia bicolor (A. & S.) Bres. H. nodulosum Fr. = Acia stenodon (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. var. nodu- losa (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. H. niveum (Pers.) Fr. = Grandinia farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. H. farinaceum (Pers.) Fr. = Grandinia farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. H. argutum Fr. = Odontia arguta (Fr.) Quel. . H. stipatum Fr. = Odontia stipata (Fr.) Quel. H. subtile Fr. - Odontia bicolor (A. & S.) Bres. H. Stevensonii B. & Br. = Odontia Stevensonii (B. & Br.) Rea. H. plumosum Duby = Odontia plumosa (Duby) Rea. MYCOLEPTODON. RADULUM 639 Mycoleptodon Pat. (= Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. p.p.). (/j,vtCT)<;, fungus; XCTTTO?, thin; oSwv, tooth.) Receptacle membranaceous-coriaceous, thin, firm, resupinate, or reflexed. Spines simple, firm, cylindrical, pointed, hispid at the apex; none, or reduced in size at the margin. Spores white, ovoid, oboval, subelliptical, or oblong, smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cys- tidia present, abundant at the apex of the spines. Growing on wood, more rarely on humus. 2165. M. ochraceum (Pers.) Pat. (= Hydnum ochraceum (Pers.) Fr. ; Hydnum pudorinum Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Pers. Syn. t. v, fig. 5, as Hydnum ochraceum. Ochraceum, ochre-yellow. R. 2-5-7-5 cm., white, or pale ochraceous, rounded, then confluent, effused, or effuso-reflexed and dimidiate, tomentose, sometimes nar- rowly grooved, zoned; margin white, membranaceous, subfimbriate, pubescent. Spines ochraceous flesh colour, subulate, very small, hispid at the apex, shorter at the margin. Flesh whitish, thin, coriaceous. Spores white, "oboval oblong, 3-4 x 2-2-5/x, often 1-guttulate. Cys- tidia claviform, or fusiform, 24-100 x 5-10/x, thick walled, or incrusted" Bourd. & Galz. Dead branches. Jan. Dec. Common. (v.v.) 2166. M. fimbriatum (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Odontia fimbriata (Pers.) Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 196, fig. 1, as Odontia fimbriata (Pers.) Fimbriatum, fringed. R. 2-20 cm., fawn colour, cinnamon, or pale buff, often tinged with lilac, effused, separable, veined, or traversed by root-like ribs; margin fibrilloso-fringed. Spines rufescent, minute, blunt, in the form of granules, crowned with hyaline hairs. Flesh membranaceous-coriaceous, thin. Spores white, "ovoid, subelliptical, sometimes slightly de- pressed, 3-5-4-5 x 1-75-3/i. Cystidia claviform, or fusiform, 7-9/x in diam., thick walled, rugose, or incrusted, often obtuse and slightly bent" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and humus. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) Radulum F r. (Radula, a rasp.) Receptacle resupinate, effused, waxy, or membranaceous waxy. Tubercles or spines, thick, deformed, obtuse, simple, or branched, irregularly scattered, or confluent and tooth-like. Spores white, or coloured, elliptical, subglobose, or cylindric oblong, smooth. Cystidia none, cystidioles (sterile basidia) sometimes present. Growing on wood. R. pendulum Fr. = Corticium subcostatum Karst. sec. Bourd. & Galz. 640 RADTJLUM 2167. R. orbiculare Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 278. Orbiculare, round. R. 2-5-15 cm., white, then yellowish, orbicular, confluent; margin white, byssoid, membranaceous. Tubercles concolorous, or dingy flesh colour, 2-6 mm. long, cylindrical, scattered, or fasciculate. Flesh whitish, or yellowish, waxy fleshy, thin, 2-4 mm. thick. Spores white, cylindric oblong, slightly curved, 8-12 x 3-5/u,. Dead bark of birch, cherry, willow, aspen, hornbeam, pine, and fir. Jan. Dec. Common. (v.v.) var. junquillinum Quel. Junquillinum, bright yellow. Differs from the type in its bright yellow colour. Pine. March. Un- common, (v.v.) 2168. R. quercinum Fr. (= Radulum fagineum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Quercinum, pertaining to oak. R. 5-30 cm., white, then pallid or tan colour, somewhat round, then broadly confluent, adnate, often throwing back the bark; margin white, villose^occose. Tubercles concolorous, 4-6 mm. long, cylindrical, obtuse, pointed, or toothed, scattered, or fasciculate, often villose at the apex. Flesh whitish, or yellowish, crustaceous waxy, thin, 2-4 mm. thick. Spores white, oblong subcylindric, very slightly depressed on one side, 5-7-8-5 x 2-5-4 JLI, guttulate" Bourd. & Galz. Fallen branches, especially oak, also worked wood. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2169. R. molare Fr. (= Radulum membranaceum (Bull.) Bres. ; ? Cor- ticium confluens Fr. a form sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Pers. Myc. Eur. n, t. 22, fig. 1, as Sistotrema molariforme Pers. Molare, a molar tooth. R. 5-10 cm., pale, yellowish, or tan colour, orbicular, confluent, widely effused, adnate, firm, cracked when dry; margin byssoid, or radiately fibrillose. Tubercles concolorous, 2-3 mm. long, deformed, cylindrical or conical, scattered, or confluent and connate, smooth, or fimbriate. Flesh whitish^ waxy, thin. Spores white, "elliptical, subglobose, 7-5-9-13 x 5-7-8^" Bourd. & Galz. Fallen oak, -and birch branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2170. R. mucidum (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. nee Hydnum mucidum Fr. Mucidum, mucid. R. 5-10 cm., yellow, effused, separable, more or less nodular, gla- brous, or pubescent; margin fibrillose. Tubercles concolorous, short, scattered, subulate, elongate when growing on an upright surface. Flesh yellowish, soft, thin. Spores ferruginous in the mass, very pale yellow under the microscope, elliptical to subglobose, with a lateral apiculus, 4-5 x 3-5-4/z, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 7/n in diam. with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae thin walled, frequently septate, with clamp connections, 4-7 /u, in diam. Inside a hollow stump, and grow- ing over living stems of ivy. Nov. Rare, (v.v.) BADTILUM. ACIA 641 2171. R. tomentosum Fr. (? = var. of Odontia arguta (Fr.) Quel. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Tomentosum, downy. R. 2-5-13 cm., white, then yellowish, pallid wood colour when dry, effused, irregular, innate; margin whitish, sometimes becoming ferrugi- nous, swollen, erect, tomentose. Tubercles white, short, angular, obtuse, crowded, confluent, smooth. Flesh floccose, crustaceous. Spores white, " cylindric-oblong, slightly thinner, curved and apiculate at the base, 8 x 4 /A" Massee. Pyrus aucuparia, willow, and pine saw- dust. Nov. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) R. deglubens B. & Br. - Eichleriella spinulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Burt sec. Wakef. 2172. R. corallinum B. & Br. Kopd\\iov, coral; eZSo<?, like. R. 5-15 cm., white, effused, shining. Tubercles white, 4-6 mm. long, fasciculate (fascicles 6 rnm. across), very irregular, coralloid, divided downwards. Flesh very thin, pelliculose. Spores white, "subglobose, apiculate, 5/z" Massee. Lichen covered oak branches. Sept. Rare. 2173. R. epileucum B. & Br. eTrtXeu/eo?, whitish. R. 5-20 cm., ochrey white, widely effused, adnate. Tubercles pale ochraceous, 2-4 mm. long, scattered, cylindrical, fimbriate at the apex, deciduous, brittle. Flesh snow white, very thin, upper portion waxy. Spores white, "cylindrical, slightly curved, 6-7 x 3-3-5/z" Massee. Decorticated wood. Aug. Rare. R.fagineum (Pers.) Fr. = Radulum quercinum Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz. R. laetum Fr. = Peniophora incarnata (Pers.) Cke. var. hydnoidea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. R. botrytes Fr. = Corticium comedens (Nees) Fr. sec. Quel. R. aterrimum Fr. = Corticium nigrescens (Schrad.) Fr. sec. Quel. ; Eutypa hydnoidea (Fr.) von Hoehn. Acia Karst. (=Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. p.p.). (d/crf, a point.) Receptacle resupinate, effused, waxy, inseparable. Spines subu- late, generally entire, distinct, or connate at the base. Flesh dense. Spores white, elliptical, oblong elliptical, or oblong subelliptical, smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata, with or without sterile basidia (cystidioles). Cystidia none. Growing on wood. 2174. A. uda (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum udum Fr.) Uda, moist. R. 5-13 cm., bright sulphur colour, lemon yellow, flesh colour, or olivaceous, becoming watery yellowish, widely effused, adnate, smooth ; margin lemon yellow, pruinose, or fibrillose. Spines concolorous, or yellowish flesh colour, becoming tawny, 1-2 mm. long, subulate, thin, 41 642 ACIA entire, or toothed. Flesh yellowish, white next the matrix, waxy, soft, subgelatinous. Spores white, "elliptical, scarcely depressed on the side, 4-6-5 x 2-3-5 ju,; basidia 9-15-20 x 3-4-5^. Hyphae thin walled, 1-5-3-5/x. in diam., emerging as a sterile bundle at the apex of the spines, somewhat broader, 4-5-6 p in diam. and rough with prismatic crystals" Bourd. & G-alz. Smell pleasant, often of anise. Dead branches. Sept. April. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2175. A. denticulata (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum denticulatum (Pers.) Fr.) Denticulata, toothed. R. 3-6 cm., light yellow ochraceous, then fawn colour, longitudinally effused, pruinose ; margin narrow, somewhat radiating. Spines bright yellow, then tawny, 2-3 mm. long, subulate, toothed and ciliated in the upper half, crowded. Flesh waxy, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, "oblong elliptical, slightly depressed on the side, 5-6 x 2/t; basidia 12-15 x 3-4/z, accompanied by fusiform, sterile basidia, often crowned by a resinous or oily globule. Hyphae thick walled, 2-3 fj. in diam., forming bundles which divide and give rise to sterile emer- gences along the spines and at their apex" Bourd. & Galz. Smell pleasant, of anise when fresh. Rotten wood, especially alder. June April. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2176. A. stenodon (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. <rTez/o9, narrow; o&wv, a tooth. R. 7-5-10 cm., yellowish, effused, adnate; margin white, narrow, byssoid, radially fibrillose, or pubescent. Spines whitish hyaline, then ochraceous, and finally tawny, 1-3 mm. long, thin, crowded, or connate at the base, entire, or fimbriate and ciliate, sometimes branched. Flesh waxy, fleshy, thin. Spores white, "oblong elliptical, depressed on the side, 3-4-5-(6-5) x 1-5-2-75 /a, often 2-guttulate; basidia 9-14- 28 x 3-4(-7)/A. Hyphae thin walled, 2-3 /A in diam., prolonged into a sterile point, and enlarged at the apex, 4-6/u, in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Type not yet recorded for Britain. var. nodulosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum nodulosum Fr.) Nodulosa, nodulose. Differs from the type in its nodulose, or tuberculose habit, and its pendant, connate, often compressed, and channelled, 2-5 mm. long spines. Fir, oak, ash stumps, and fallen branches. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 2177. A. fusco-atra (Fr.) Pat. (= Hydnum fusco-atrum Fr.; Hydnum Weinmannii Fr. sec. Bres.) Fuscus, dark; atra, black. R. 5-15 cm., glaucous, then ferruginous fuscous, widely effused, very adnate, flocculoso-pruinose ; margin white, or greyish, similar or fim- briate. Spines greyish glaucous, or fawn colour, becoming brownish black, apex grey for a long time, 12 mm. long, conico- subulate, acute, entire. Flesh crustaceous, waxy, thin. Spores "faintly coloured, sub- ACIA. GRANDINIA 643 elliptical, scarcely depressed on the side, 4-5-6 x 2-3 /LI; basidia 12- 24 x 3-5-4-5 ^i, accompanied at the apex of the spines, with fusiform sterile basidia, slightly projecting. Hyphae thin walled, or slightly thickened, 3 4 fj, in diam., with rare clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Fallen branches of ash. Nov. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2178. A. membranacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum membrana- ceum Fr. non Bull.) Membranacea, membranaceous. R. 37 cm., tawny ferruginous, becoming livid and finally brown, effused, very adnate, smooth; margin similar, attenuate. Spines con- colorous, 1-2 mm. long, subulate, thin, crowded, acute. Flesh waxy membranaceous, thin. Spores white, "oblong subcylindrical, scarcely depressed on the side, 4-5-5 x 2-2-75/x,; basidia 9-24 x 3-5-4-5/x, accompanied by subulate sterile basidia, slightly projecting. Hyphae thin walled, 2-5-4ju, in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Fallen branches of elm, and oak. Sept. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) Grandinia (Fr.) Pat. (= Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. p.p.). (Grando, hail.) Receptacle resupinate, effused, membranaceous, or crustaceous. Tubercles or spines hemispherical, obtuse, or subulate and entire. Spores white, or yellowish, ovoid, elliptical, globose, subglobose, obovate, or oblong; smooth, punctate, verrucose, or echinulate; basidia with 2-8-sterigmata accompanied, or not, with sterile basidia (cystidioles). Cystidia none. Growing on wood. *Spores subglobose. fSpores echinulate. 2179. G. farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum farinaceum (Pers.) Fr.; Hydnum niveum (Pers.) Fr.) Farinacea, mealy. R. 213 cm., snow white, then cream, or tan, widely effused, inde- terminate, closely adnate, mealy; margin byssoid, minutely fibrillose, or pruinose. Spines white, 1-2 mm. long, generally crowded, subulate, rarely dentate, sometimes confluent and crested, or granular, very soft, fragile. Flesh white, thin, floccose, or membranaceous, con- taining oxalate crystals. Spores white, minutely echinulate, ovoid, or globose, 3-4/*; basidia 6-12-21 x 3-5 /x, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3- 4-5/M long. Hyphae very thin walled, with clamp connections and swollen at the septa. Dead wood, branches, sticks, and leaves. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) ffSpores smooth, rarely punctate, or rough. 2180. G. helvetica (Pers.) Fr. Helvetica, Swiss. R. 2-5 cm., pale yellowish to deep ochraceous when fresh, drying alutaceous, or sometimes with a faint greyish tinge, effused, separable, 412 644 GRANDINIA margin reticulately fibrillose. Tubercles yellowish, irregular, sub- globose, soon collapsing, small, pulverulent, crowded. Flesh yellowish, pelliculose, or membranaceous, waxy, thin. Spores yellowish, sub- globose, or obovate, pointed at the base, 3-5-6 x 3-4//,, 1-guttulate; basidia cylindrical, or clavate, 20-35 x 6-9 /t, with 4 slightly curved sterigmata, 3-7 x l^t. Basal hyphae yellowish, 4-8 /z in diam., with occasional clamp connections, often united to form long branching strands. Fallen branches. May Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2181. G. mutabilis (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Grandinia granulosa Pers. sec. Bourd. & Maire.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 141, fig. 2, as Odontia olivascens Bres. Mutabilis, changeable. R. 25 cm., chalk white, or cream colour, then glaucous, becoming yellowish, tan, or apple green when dried, effused, adnate, dry, friable ; margin subsimilar, or pruinosely pubescent. Granules concolorous, hemispherical, rarely subcylindrical, scattered, or rather crowded. Flesh yellowish, somewhat waxy, then floccose. Spores white, "smooth, rarely rough with a few scattered warts, 3-5-5-5 x 3-5 fj,; basidia 9-12-21 x 4-5-6-8 p., with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-5 ^ long. Hyphae thin walled, 3-7 /u, in diam., with very rare clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and branches. Jan. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) **Spores oblong, or elliptical. 2182. G. granulosa Fr. Granulosa, granular. R. 2-12 cm., tan colour, broadly effused, closely adnate; margin determinate, smooth. Granules concolorous, hemispherical, equal, crowded. Flesh yellowish, waxy, very thin. Spores white, "oblong, 6 x 4/i. Hyphae thick walled, 3-5 \L in diam., dichotomously branched" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and branches. Oct. May. Uncommon. (v.v.) 2183. G. Brinkmannii (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text figs. p. 74. W. Brinkmann. R. 25 cm., pure white, becoming yellowish with age, effused, very adnate, indeterminate, pruinose, waxy, then dry and chalky; margin pruinose, or minutely fibrillose. Granules concolorous, minute at first, then wart-like, or forming short spines, crowded. Flesh concolorous, loose, sparse, containing numerous crystals of calcium oxalate. Spores white, elliptical, flattened on one side, 4 x 2/x; basidia clavate, 15 x 4/x, with 4-6-8 curved sterigmata, 2-3/u, long. Hyphae indistinct, soon collapsing, 4ju, in diam., septate, with clamp connections. Birch bark. Nov. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2184. G. rnucida Fr. (Near Corticium ochraceum Fr. sec. Bres. ex Bourd. & Galz.) Fr. Icon. t. 195, fig. 3. Mucida, mucid. R. 2-10 cm., pale yellowish, effused, subinnate, corrugated when GRANDINIA. ODONTIA 645 dry ; margin indeterminate, somewhat radiating. Granules concolorous, hemispherical, large, unequal, crowded, soft. Flesh yellowish, waxy, subgelatinous. Spores white, elliptical, 6-7 x 3/z, 1-guttulate. Rotten bark, and pine wood. May Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) G. ocellata Fr. = Corticium lividum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Bres. G. papillosa Fr. = Odontia papillosa (Fr.) Bres. G. crustosa (Pers.) Fr. = Odontia crustosa (Pers.) Quel. Odontia (Pers.) Pat. (=Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. p.p.). (oSou?, a tooth.) Receptacle resupinate, effused, membranaceous, crustaceous, or pruinose, rarely waxy, gelatinous or subcartilaginous. Spines conical, multifid, penicillate, or ciliate. Spores white, elliptical, globose, sub- globose, pip-shaped, oboval, or cylindrical; smooth, rough, muricu- late, or echinulate; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia present. Growing on wood. *Waxy membranaceous, gelatinous, or subcartilaginous. 2185. 0. sudans (A. & S.) Bres. (= Dacryobolus sudans (A. & S.) Fr. ; Porothelium confusum B. & Br. ; Porothelium Stevensonii B. & Br. sec. Wakef.) Sudans, sweating. R. 3-10 cm., whitish cream, or pallid, effused, scarcely separable, very smooth; margin similar, byssoid, or mealy. Spines concolorous, granular, cup-shaped, conical, or truncate, short, scattered, bearing at the apex a viscid, resinous, diaphanous, amber yellow globule, rarely terminated by a bundle of cystidia. Flesh yellowish, waxy membrana- ceous. Spores white, "cylindrical, slightly curved, 5-6-8 x 1-1-75 /x; basidia 15-24 x 3-4/A, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 2-3/x, long. Cys- tidia tubular, 0-3-septate, 60-150 x 3-5-5 /u,, emerging in tufts. Hyphae either thick or thin walled, 1-3 fj, in diam., coherent" Bourd. & Galz. Dead conifer branches, and wood. Jan. Dec. Uncommon. (v.v.) 2186. 0. Hollii (Schmidt) Rea. (=Hydnum Hollii (Schmidt) Fr.) F. Holl. R. 10-90 cm., fuscous lilac, orbicular, then confluent and very widely effused, adnate; margin white. Spines concolorous, 2-4 mm. long, deformed, fasciculate, incised. Flesh concolorous, waxy mem- branaceous, floccose, thin. Decorticated wood. Oct. Rare. 2187. 0. anomala (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Hydnum anomalum B. & Br.) B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 1438, with fig. dva>/j,a\o<;, uneven. R. 4-6 cm., pallid light yellow, effused. Spines concolorous, granular, 646 ODONTIA then stipitate and obtusely divided upwards, tough. Flesh concolo- rous, gelatinous, thin. Spores "globose, shortly pedicellate" Massee. Inside of very rotten oak tree. March. Rare. 2188. 0. aurea (Fr.) Quel. (= Hydnum aureum Fr.) Aurea, golden. R. 5-13 cm., golden, at first nodular, then confluent and irregu- larly effused, adnate, mealy; margin white, becoming violet when dry, radiately strigose. Spines concolorous, apex white, 2 mm. long, seta- ceous, subulate, equal, entire, crowded. Flesh concolorous, subcartilagi- nous, thin. Spores white, "muriculate, subglobose, 4-5 JLI" Massee. Mycelium penetrating the wood, and forming a yellow flesh colour circumscribing zone. Dead branches. Dec. Rare. **Membranaceous, floccose, or mealy. 2189. 0. stipata (Fr.) Quel. (= Hydnum stipatum Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 194, fig. 2, as Hydnum stipatum Fr. Stipata, crowded. R. 3-8 cm., white, then isabelline, or light yellowish, very widely effused, flocculoso-furfuraceous ; margin similar, sterile, sometimes swollen and tomentose, rarely membranaceous and silky. Spines white, then concolorous, granular, becoming subulate and pointed, minutely toothed, thin, crowded, soft. Flesh concolorous, floccose, thin. Spores white, "oblong, 3-4-6-5 x 2-5-3-4/i; basidia 9-18 x 3-4-6/z, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3/n long. Cystidia firm, 2-4/z in diam., emerging in tufts. Hyphae thin walled, 1-5-3-5 /A in diam., with clamp connections, intermixed with yellowish, firm, thick walled hyphae which become coloured with eosin" Bourd. & Galz. Stumps and fallen branches of deciduous trees. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 2190- 0. barba-Jovis (With.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 328, as Hydnum barba-Jovis. Barba, beard; Jovis, of Jupiter. R. 5-20 cm., white, then yellowish, effused, slightly adnate, floccose; margin narrow, byssoid, pubescent. Spines concolorous, 12 mm. long, subulate, with one or many very thin points, more or less bristly on the sides, sometimes with an orange fringe at the apex. Flesh con- colorous, floccose, membranaceous, loose. Spores white, " oboval, or subglobose, obliquely attenuated, or apiculate at the base, 4-7 x 3-5-4-5 ju,, often 1-guttulate; basidia 15-24-30 x 4-6/it. Cystidia cylindrical, or narrowly clavate, 60-600 x 4-5-7 /i, generally fascicu- late (often poorly differentiated, with thin walls, 1-2-septate), thick walled at the base, with a narrow channel insensibly enlarged upwards where the walls become thinner. Hyphae thin walled, or scarcely thickened, 2-5-4/i in diam., with clamp connections, and coloured by eosin" Bourd. & Galz. Wood, and branches of conifers. July Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) ODONTIA 647 2191. 0. limonicolor (B. & Br.) Quel. (= Hydnum limonicolor B. & Br.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 11, fig. 2, as Hydnum Bresadolae Quel. Limonicolor, lemon colour. R. 3-7 cm., bright lemon yellow, widely and irregularly effused, adnate; margin white, floccose. Spines concolorous, becoming golden when dry, acute, rough on the sides, or somewhat incised, crowded, often oblique. Flesh whitish, floccose, thin. Spores white, "echinu- late, globose, 3/z" Bres. Pine leaves, and larch trunks. Oct. Rare. 2192. 0. plumosa (Duby) Rea. (= Hydnum plumosum Duby.) Plumosa, feathery. R. 4-5 cm., snow white, resupinate, tomentose. Spines white, 2 mm. or more long, slender, minutely feathered near the apex, usually crowded. Flesh white, floccose, very delicate. Spores white, "globose, 4-5 JM" Massee. Dead wood, and bark, etc. Rare. 2193. 0. Stevensonii (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Hydnum Stevensonii B. & Br.) Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist. R. 3-8 cm., white, effused, mealy beneath; margin byssoid, or pul- verulent. Spines white, 2-3 mm. long, cylindrical, obtuse, or trun- cate, sometimes compressed, more or less confluent at the base, pul- verulent at the apex, somewhat crowded. Flesh concolorous, floccose, very thin. Spores "white, subglobose, apiculate, 3-4 ju," Massee. Dead wood, leaves, and mosses. March. Rare. 2194. 0. bicolor (A. & S.) Bres. (= Hydnum bicolor (A. & S.) Fr.; Grandinia mucida Fr. of British authors sec. Wakef . ; Hydnum subtile Fr.) Bi-color, two-coloured. R. 5-20 cm., white, or whitish, becoming glaucous, then tan colour, widely effused, subtomentose, soft, pruinose, waxy, often cracked at the base of the spines; margin indeterminate, or whitish pruinose. Spines concolorous, apex often brownish red, small, granular, minutely villose, obtuse. Flesh concolorous, floccose, soft. Spores white, "ob- long, scarcely depressed on the side, 4-5-7 x 2-75-4 p,; basidia 10- 24 x 3-5 /i, with 2-4-sterigmata, 4-5/1- long. Cystidia with a globose head, 8-15/x, in diam., thin walled, contents becoming yellowish, and often crowned by radiate twin crystals. Hyphae of the subiculum 2 3/A in diam., in the axis of the spines amber coloured, fasciculate, agglutinated together by a resinous substance, and ending at the apex of the spines in an oil coloured tuft" Bourd. & Galz. Firs, and brambles. Oct. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2195. 0. papillosa (Fr.) Bres. (= Grandinia papillosa Fr.) Papillosa, having nipples. R. 2-5-5 cm., milk white, or yellowish, effused, separating when entire, very much cracked; margin white, very thin, pubescent, or 648 ODONTIA pruinose. Spines concolorous, granular, subhemispherical, equal, be- coming subulate, thin, small, very crowded. Flesh concolorous, mem- branaceous, floccose, firm. Spores white, "oblong, subcylindrical, de- pressed on the side, 4-5-6 x 2-2-75 ju,; basidia 10-20 x 3-4-5/u., with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4-5 /x long, accompanied by subulate, sterile basidia, sometimes capped with oxalate, and with numerous smooth, or rough paraphysis-like hyphae forming a tuft at the apex of the spines. Hyphae with walls slightly thickened, firm, with clamp connections; subhymenial hyphae denser, 3 4-5/A in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Fallen oak, beech, and fir branches. July Nov. Rare. 2196. 0. arguta (Fr.) Quel. (= Hydnum argutum Fr. ; ? Radulum tomentosum Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Arguta, sharp. R. 3-6 cm., white, then yellowish, effused, tomentose, or minutely pubescent, slightly adnate, finally minutely cracked; margin similar, or floccose. Spines white, then ochraceous, 1-2 mm. long, granular, pubescent, then cylindrical, or subulate, sometimes connate at the base, apex penicillate. Flesh concolorous, floccose, firm, thin. Spores white, "oboval, 4-6 x 3-5/A, often 1-guttulate; basidia 10-15-18 x 3-4-6/i. Cystidia fusiform, or capitate, crowned, or not, by an oil globule, 7-9 /A in diam. Hyphae thin walled, or slightly thickened, 2-4 p. in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Trunks, stumps, and fallen branches. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. alutacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum alutaceum Fr.) Alutacea, tanned leather. Differs from the type in its deeper ochraceous tan colour, and the stouter spines. Pines. Aug. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2197. 0. spathulata (Schwein.) Rea. (= Hydnum spathulatum (Schwein.) Fr.) <T7rd0r), a broad blade. R. 2-5-5 cm., whitish, becoming yellow, effused, separable, ad- pressedly villose beneath ; margin involute, fimbriate. Spines brick red, or orange, 2-4 mm. long, spathulate, oblique, sometimes flattened, acicular. Flesh concolorous, membranaceous, thin. Spores "white, broadly elliptical, apiculate, 8 x 5/u," Massee. Dead Robinia wood. Jan. Dec. Rare. 2198. 0. multiformis (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Hydnum multiforme B. & Br.) Multiformis, many shaped. R. 5-10 cm., ochrey white, effused, inseparable, becoming cracked when dry; margin indeterminate, thin. Spines pallid, 2-4 mm. long, very acute, becoming fimbriate, crowded. Flesh concolorous, floccose, thin. Spores white, "subglobose, or very broadly pip-shaped, ob- liquely apiculate, 9 x 6-7 /i" Massee. Dead wood. Rare. ODONTIA 649 2199. 0. mollusca (Fr.) Rea. (= Hydnum molluscum Fr.) Mollusca, soft. R. 5-10 cm., whitish, effused, easily separable, dry. Spines reddish, short, slender. Flesh white, membranaceous, thin. Wood. Rare. 2200. 0. sulphurea (Schwein.) Rea. (= Hydnum sulphureum Schwein.) Sulphurea, sulphur yellow. R. 10cm., sulphur yellow, effused, adnate; margin paler, byssoid, sterile. Spines concolorous, subulate, minute, few. Flesh membrana- ceous, thin. Dead birch wood. Rare. ***Waxy crustaceous, very adnate. 2201. 0. crastosa (Pers.) Quel. (= Grandinia crustosa (Pers.) Fr.) Crustosa, having a crust. R. 5-15 cm., whitish cream colour, then yellowish, or tan colour, effused, adnate, finally cracked and minutely areolate ; margin white, distinct, narrow, pruinose, or minutely pubescent. Spines concolorous, granular, short, pointed, or obtuse, scattered, or somewhat crowded. Flesh concolorous, crustaceous, thin. Spores white, "oblong, subcylin- drical, depressed on the side, 4-5-6-8 x 2-4: fj,; basidia 12-21-30 x 3-4-6jU,, accompanied by numerous fusiform, or subulate cystidioles, 3-4-6/A in diam., sometimes branched, slightly projecting. Hyphae thin walled, 1-5-4 /A in diam., with rather rare clamp connections" Bourd. & G-alz. Fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2202. 0. cristulata Fr. (= Peniophora setigera Bres. sec. Bourd. & Maire.) Cristulata, crested. R. 514 cm., pale, or rosy flesh colour, widely effused, adnate, mealy; margin white, narrowly byssoid, pubescent, or mealy. Spines concolorous, or reddish brown, short, crowded, or confluent and crested ; apex penicillate, pointed. Flesh white, somewhat waxy, then crusta- ceous, thin. Spores white, "cylindrical, slightly depressed on the side, 8-10 x 3-5-4 //,; basidia 25-32 x 4-5-7 /x, contents granular. Cystidia fasciculate, cylindrical, 4-5/u, in diam., 1-2-septate, with, or without clamp connections. Hyphae thin walled, 3 6/A in diam., with clamp connections " Bourd. & Galz. Birch branches. Feb. Rare. 2203. 0. mellea (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Hydnum melleum B. & Br.) Mellea, honey colour. R. 5-10 cm., honey colour, effused, pulverulent', margin minutely byssoid. Spines concolorous, 1-2 mm. long, acute, sometimes divided at the apex, pulverulent downwards, naked at the middle. Flesh crustaceous, thin. Spores white, "cylindrical, 7-10 x 2-5/i" Massee. Fallen rails. Rare. 650 ODONTIA. KNEIFFIA. HYDNOPSIS 2204. 0. sepulta (B. & Br.) Kea. (= Hydnum sepultum B. & Br.) Sepulta, buried. R. 3-15 mm., golden yellow, resupinate, forming little, scattered patches; margin white. Spines concolorous, 1-2 mm. long, acute. Flesh very thin. Spores white, "globose, 5/x" Massee. Stones buried among pine leaves. Sept. Rare. 2205. 0. alliacea Weinm. Alliacea, of garlic. R. 3-10 cm., white, translucid, becoming pale, or cinereous, broadly effused, incrusting; margin silky. Spines concolorous, 1-2 mm. long, with some shorter ones, incised, villose. Flesh concolorous, crusta- ceous, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, elliptical, 3-4 x 2|u; basidia with 2-sterigmata. Smell faint, of garlic. Lichens on trees, and dead branches. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2206. 0. Proni Lasch. Pruni, of plums. R. white, becoming pallid, effused, adnate ; margin byssoid. Spines white, granular, minute, rounded, apex penicillate. Flesh concolorous, crustaceous, thin. On Prunus spinosa. Rare. Eneiffia Fr. (Friederich Gotthard Kneiff, a German mycologist.) Receptacle subgelatinous, effused. Spines or granules, scattered, minute, sterile. Spores white, elliptical, smooth. Growing on wood. 2207. K. subgelatinosa B. & Br. Subgelatinosa, somewhat gelatinous. R. 10 cm., yellowish, then cream colour, broadly effused. Spines concolorous, granular, minute, scattered, subgelatinous, fringed at the apex. Flesh concolorous, subgelatinous, thin. Spores white, "broadly elliptical, apiculate, 4 x 2-5 /LI" Massee. Fir stumps. April. Rare. K. setigera Fr. = Peniophora setigera (Fr.) Bres. Hydnopsis (Schroet.) Rea. (vSvov, the genus Hydnum; otyis, like.) Receptacle floccose, resupinate, effused. Spines subulate, acute. Spores coloured, elliptical, smooth. Growing on dead leaves, and on the ground. 2208. H. farinacea Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 7. Farinacea, mealy. R. 2-5-6 mm., white, effused, adnate. Spines white, then wood colour, and finally umber, 1 mm. long, subulate, acute, thin, sub- distant. Flesh white, floccose, thin. Spores fuscous, elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4/Lt, 1-3-guttulate. Dead fallen beech leaves, and on the ground. May. Uncommon, (v.v.) CALDESIELLA. PHYLACTERIA 651 Caldesiella Sacc. (=Hydnum (Linn.) Fr.). (L. Caldesi, an Italian botanist.) Receptacle fioccose, soft, resupinate. Spines conical, soft, villose, fimbriate at the apex. Spores coloured, globose, verrucose, or echinulate; basidia clavate, with 2 4-sterigmata. Growing on wood. 2209. C. crinalis (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hydnum crinale Fr.; Hydnum ferrugineum Auct. pi. non Fr. nee Karst. ; Odontia barba-Jovis Pat. Tab. Anal. f. 247; Caldesiella ferruginosa Sacc. sec. Bres., as Odontia crinalis (Fr.) Bres.) Pers. Myc. Eur. n, t. 17, fig. 3, as Hydnum castaneum Pers. var. fuscum Pers. Crinalis, hairy. R. 510 cm., tawny ferruginous, effused, separable, tomentose. Spines concolorous, subulate, conical, acute, straight, or oblique, often some- what compressed, tomentose, crowded. Flesh concolorous, floccose, lax. Spores deep brown, echinulate, globose, 8-9 //,. Decayed wood espe- cially under the bark. July Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2210. C. italica Sacc. Italica, Italian. R. 2-10 cm., fuliginous, widely effused, incrusting, resupinate. Spines concolorous, becoming olivaceous with the snuff-coloured spores, 1-1'5 mm. long, '5-1 mm. thick, cylindrical, obtuse, often com- pressed, crowded, pruinose. Flesh concolorous, floccose, thick. Spores snuff-coloured in the mass, olivaceous-hyaline under the microscope, obtusely verrucose, angularly globose, 8-9 x 8/4 ; basidia clavate with 2 4-sterigmata. Basal hyphae concolorous, thick walled, 6 8/j, in diam., septate, with clamp connections. Birch stumps. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 2211. C. viridis (A. & S.) Pat. (= Hydnum viride (A. & S.) Fr.) Boud. Icon. t. 170, as Odontia viridis (A. & S.) Quel. Viridis, green. R. 525 cm., white, then indigo blue, soon greenish, and at length yellowish, broadly effused, tomentose; margin white, membranaceous, thin. Spines indigo blue, then greenish, 12 mm. long, cylindrical, irregular, obtusely divided at the apex, often crowned with white hairs. Flesh concolorous, fioccose, thin. Spores indigo blue, verrucose, globose, 4-5/A. Rotten wood. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) Phylacteria (Pers.) Pat. (= Thelephora (Ehrh.) Fr. p.p.). ((f)v\aKTr)piov, an amulet.) Receptacle fibrous, or coriaceous, pileate, stipitate, sessile, or re- supinate, entire, or laciniate, destitute of a pellicle. Stem central, lateral, or none, confluent with the pileus. Flesh coloured. Hymenium inferior or amphigenous, smooth, faintly ribbed, or papillose. Spores coloured, elliptical, globose, subglobose, or angular, verrucose, or 652 PHYLACTERIA echinulate; basidia with 2-^t-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground, or on wood. I. Erect with usually a central st. *P. divided into very narrow, branching, flattened, or cylindrical divisions. 2212. P. palmate (Scop.) Pat. (= Thelephora palmata (Scop.) Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 46, as Merisma foetidum Pers. Palmata, having the shape of a hand. R. 2-6 cm. high, 1-3 cm. broad, fuscous purple, apex whitish, fim- briate, very much divided into palmate, flattened, subfastigiate, even, flattened branches, dilated upwards. St. 1-1-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., con- color -ous, simple, or branched. Hymenium amphigenous. Flesh con- colorous, coriaceous, soft. Spores fuscous purple in the mass, pale umber under the microscope, echinulate, globose, 8-9 fi. Smell very foetid. Woods, especially of conifers. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2213. P. anthocephala (Bull.) Pat. (= Thelephora anthocephala (Bull.) Fr.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 17, fig. 4, as Thekphora antho- cephala. avOos, a flower; K<f>a\r), head. E. 2-5 cm. high, 1-3 cm. broad, somewhat ferruginous, becoming fuscous, apex whitish, fimbriate, divided down to the stem into flaps which are dilated upwards, or into irregular branched erect branches, pubescent. St. -5-1-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., concolorous, simple, equal, villose. Hymenium even. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous, soft. Spores purplish in the mass, pale umber under the microscope, echinulate, globose, or broadly elliptical, 6-8x6ju,, 1-2-guttulate. Woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2214. P. clavularis (Fr.) Big. & Guill. (= Thelephora clavularis Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 196, fig. 3, as Thelephora clavularis Fr. Clavularis, a little nail. R. 2-5-4 cm. high, 1-3 cm. broad, rufous fuscous, apex whitish, acute, divided down to the st. into round, attenuate, even, delicately pruinose branches. St. -5-1-5 cm. x 1-3 mm., concolorous, base some- what tuberous. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous, soft. Spores reddish purple in the mass, echinulate, subglobose, 6-7 x 6/z,. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) **P. more or less infundibuliform, cup-shaped, or flabelliform, often splitting into lobes, or divisions. 2215. P. caryophyllea (Schaefl.) Pat. (= Thekphora caryophylka (Schaeff.) Fr.) Schaeff. Icon. t. 325, as Helvetia caryophyllea Schaeff. icdpvov, a nut; $>v\\ov, a leaf. R. 1-5-4 cm. high, 1-5-5 cm. broad, fuscous purple, becoming wood brown when dried, infundibuliform, cup-shaped; margin lobed, or PHYLACTERIA 653 incised, often broken up into wedge-shaped, imbricate branches, or segments, fibrillosely torn, often radiately rugose, or striate, obsoletely zoned when moist. St. -5-1 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, simple, or branched, equal, villose. Hymenium inferior, even. Flesh concolorous, or paler, subcoriaceous. Spores purple in the mass, pale umber under the microscope, verrucose, globose, 6-7 /A. Woods, especially under conifers. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) II. Dimidiate, horizontal, subsessile, or effuso-reflexed. 2216. P. intybacea (Pers.) Pat. (= Thelephora intybacea (Pers.) Fr.) Bull. Champ. Fr. t. 278, as Thelephora intybacea. evrvftov, chicory. R. 2 4 cm., whitish, then rufous ferruginous, at length fuliginous', margin whitish fimbriate at first, then concolorous, dimidiate, con- fluent, imbricate, fibrous, the fibrils often agglutinated into adpressed, adnate squamules; margin dilated. St. short, sublateral, often con- fluent. Hymenium concolorous, inferior, papillose. Flesh firm, fibril- lose, 1 mm. thick. Spores deep ochraceous, verrucosely echinulate, subglobose, or elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 /it, with a large central gutta. Caespitose. Pine wood, and bare soil. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2217. P. terrestris (Ehrh.) Big. & Quill. (= Thelephora terrestris (Ehrh.) Fr. ; Thelephora laciniata (Pers.) Fr.) Holland, Champ, t. 101, no. 224. Terrestris, pertaining to the earth. R. 35 cm., ferruginous fuscous, or fuscous, often becoming black with age, dimidiate, sessile, or effuso-reflexed, laterally confluent, often imbricate, fibrillosely scaly, strigose ; margin fimbriate, laciniate. Hymenium/wscows, or pale fawn, inferior, papillose. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous, fibrillose, soft, 1 mm. thick. Spores fuscous, verrucose, angularly globose, 8-9 x 6-8/x. Woods, and heaths. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) P. biennis (Fr.) Big. & Guill. = Hypochnus umbrinus (Fr.) Quel. 2218. P. atra (Weinm.) Rea. (= Thelephora atra Weinm.) Atra, black. P. 58 cm., black, becoming fuliginous, imbricate, arising from a tuberous base, deformed, somewhat lobed, sessile, attenuated at the base; margin at first white, fimbriate. Hymenium black, white pruinose, smooth, setulose. Caespitose. Dead logs. Rare. 2219. P. mollissima (Pers.) Rea. (= Thelephora mollissima (Pers.) Fr.; Phylacteria spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 17, fig. 5, as Thelephora mollissima. Mollissima, very soft. R. 2-4 cm., whitish, becoming brownish, broadly effused, con- tinuous, or effuso-reflexed, forming flaps, subtomentose. Hymenium 654 PHYLACTERIA. HYPOCHNUS fuscous purple, inferior, smooth, even. Flesh concolorous, soft, thin. Spores brownish purple, warted, subglobose, 7-8/n. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) III. Resupinate, and incrusting. 2220. P. spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire. (=Thelephora spiculosa (Fr.) Burt.) Pers. Syn. Fung. t. 3, fig. 16, as Merisma penicillatum. Spiculosa, having little sharp points. R. 2-15 cm., fuscous purple, whitish at the apex of the spicules, effused, incrusting; margin ramoso-spiculose, tips penicillate. Hy- menium concolorous, even or slightly rugose. Flesh floccose, 1 mm. thick. Spores umber, echinulate, irregularly globose, or elliptical, 7-9 x 6-7 /i. Running over twigs, and dead leaves. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) Hypochnus (Fr.) Karst. (= Tomentella (Pers.) Pat.). (UTTO, under; ^1/009, fine down.) Receptacle floccose, or felt-like, resupinate, effused. Hymenium smooth, or papillose. Flesh coloured, soft, loose. Spores coloured, rough, verrucose, or echinulate ; globose, subglobose, elliptical, ovoid, or angular; basidia sometimes in scattered clusters, with 2 4-sterig- mata. Growing on wood, mosses, or on the ground. 2221. H. ferrugineus (Pers.) Fr. Ferrugineus, iron rust colour. R. 2-6 cm., ferruginous, effused, adnate, often suborbicular, dry, tomentose, hypochnoid. Hymenium concolorous, "Sudan-brown" when dry. Flesh concolorous, loose, thin. Spores concolorous, echinu- late, subglobose, 7-lOju., with numerous hyaline spines. Basal hyphae, 5-8/x. wide, septa with clamp connections. Decaying wood, and bark of deciduous trees. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2222. H. umbrinus (Fr.) Quel. (= Thekphora Uennis Fr.) Umbrinus, umber. R. 3-10 cm., brown, with more or less of a vinaceous tint (varying from drab to fuscous and " Chaetura-drab " of Ridgway), effused, soft, separable; subiculum warm sepia, villose. Hymenium concolorous, membranaceous, compact. Flesh concolorous, dense. Spores fuscous, or dark brown, aculeate, or coarsely verrucose, globose, or subglobose, 6-8 JJL, or 6-8 x 5-7 p,; basidia brownish, clavate, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae brown, thick walled, 4-5/n in diam., septate, without clamp connections. Dead wood. Oct. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2223. H. fuscus (Pers.) Fr. (= Corticium fuscum (Pers.) Fr.) Fuscus, dark. R. 2-10 cm., subfuscous, cinnamon, or brown, somewhat vinaceous HYPOCHNUS 655 in colour, effused, separable. Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh concolorous, membranaceous, loose, thin. Spores reddish brown, echinulate, subglobose, or broadly elliptical, 7-8 x 5-6 /z. Hyphae with numerous clamp connections, 5-6 fj, in diam. Eotten wood, and fallen branches. Sept. June. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2224. H. subfuscus Karst. Subfuscus, somewhat dark. R. 1-4 cm., dark purplish brown, between Ridgway's "Natal Brown" and "Bone Brown" effused; margin concolorous. Hymenium con- colorous, pulverulent, mould-like. Spores sepia, aculeate, globose, 8-9 /A without the hyaline spines, spines acute, 1-2 /u, long; basidia clavate, 10-12/z in diam., with 24 curved sterigmata. Subhymenial hyphae pale, 5-7 /z in diam. Basal hyphae brown, 7-8/z in diam., thick walled, straight, with branches at right angles, sometimes slightly incrusted, with clamp connections. Bark of fallen logs. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2225. H. granulosus (Peck) Burt. (= Grandinia tabacina Cke. & Ell.) Burt, Theleph. of North Am. vi, Hypochnus, text-fig, p. 219. Granulosus, granular. R. 2-4 x 1-2 cm., sepia, effused, thin, membranaceous, granular, separable; margin somewhat radiate, concolorous. Spores concolorous with the hyphae, aculeate, angular-subglobose, the body about 6/z in diam. Flesh concolorous or paler, loose. Hyphae yellowish under the microscope, loosely interwoven, 2-5-4/u, in diam., thin walled, occasion- ally with clamp connections, forming near the substratum some rope-like mycelial strands up to 15/z in diam. Pine sticks and rotten bark and wood of frondose trees. Aug. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2226. H. puniceus (A. & S.) Sacc. (= Corticium (Hypochnus) puni- ceum (A. & S.) Fr.) Puniceus, reddish. R. 1-3 cm., dull red, vaguely effused, mould-like; margin similar. Hymenium concolorous, minutely granular, loose and pulverulent under a lens. Flesh pale, fibrillose, loose, very thin. Spores dull red- dish, with short spines, subglobose, 8-9-5/z, 7-5-8/z without the spines ; basidia clavate, 40-50 x 8/z, with 2-4 stout curved sterigmata, 58 x 2-5-3/Li. Subhymenial hyphae hyaline, or pale coloured, 3'5- 5/x, wavy, much branched, with clamp connections. Decorticated pine-wood. July Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2227. H. isabellinus Fr. (= Corticium isabellinum Fr.) Fr. Obs. Myc. n, t. 6, fig. 3. Isabellinus, dirty yellowish. R. 5-10 cm., pale "Isabella colour" of Ridgway, or deep olive buff to dark olive buff, effused, adnate, inseparable, tomentose', margin con- colorous, thinner. Hymenium concolorous, loose, pulverulent. Flesh concolorous, loose, thin. Spores isabelline, echinulate, globose, 7-9 /x 656 HYPOCHNUS without the spines. Hyphae concolorous, thick walled, branched at right angles, 8-14/z in diam., without clamp connections. Rotten wood, and bark. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 2228. H. cyaneus Wakef. KVCLVOS, dark blue. R. 1-3 cm., deep dull violaceous blue, through "Eton blue" to glaucous green, becoming dull greyish green or yellow in parts when dried, effused, easily separable, tomentose; margin concolorous, arachnoid. Hymenium concolorous, floccose. Flesh concolorous, paler, thin. Spores dull bluish, minutely and sparsely aculeate, elliptical, depressed on one side, 5-8 x 4/u,; basidia hyaline, elongate-clavate, 30-40 x 1p, with 2-4-sterigmata. Basal hyphae slightly tinged bluish, 1-3/i in diam., here and there incrusted, without clamp connections. Potas- sium hydrate solution takes away the colour of the spores but turns the other parts greenish when fresh; when dried, the hyphae and spores become a dull violet colour. Wet rotten coniferous logs. Oct. Rare. 2229. H. cinerascens Karst. Cinerascens, becoming ash colour. R. 23 cm., drab grey, to pale drab, indefinitely effused, adnate, separable; margin concolorous, or whitish. Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh very thin, loose. Spores grey-brown, with minute spines, angularly subglobose, 6-7 x 5-6 /a; basidia hyaline, cylindric-clavate, 40 x 6 fji, with 2 4-sterigmata. Subhy menial and basal hyphae hyaline, 3-4 p, in diam., much branched, frequently septate with clamp connections. Bark. Sept. Uncommon. 2230. H.caesius(Pers.) Wakef. (=Thekphora caesia (Pers.)Fr.) Pers. Obs. i, t. 3, fig. 6, as Corticium caesium. Caesius, bluish grey. R. 3-10 cm., cinereous-bluish-grey, or brownish bistre, effused, sub- orbicular, determinate, tomentose. Hymenium concolorous, becoming paler, even, minutely pubescent. Flesh brownish, soft, thin. Spores hyaline, then lilac bistre, and finally brownish, spinulose, subglobose, 7-8/x. Wood, twigs, mosses, and on the ground. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2231. H. botryoides (Schwein.) Burt. /3oTpu<?, a bunch of grapes; e'So?, like. R. 15 cm., yellow-brown (ochraceous-tawny to "Buckthorn-brown " of Ridgway), effused, separable; margin much paler, brownish, floccose. Hymenium fuscous, finely granular, forming a delicate pellicle. Flesh pale brown, very soft, loose. Spores fuscous, aculeate, angularly sub- globose, spore body 6 x 5-5/u,; basidia clavate, 30-35 x 6/i, with 4-sterigmata. Basal hyphae yellow-brown, 3 4/A in diam., often united to form long slender strands, with clamp connections. "Po- tassium hydrate turns microscopic sections of the hymenium imme- diately blue green" Burt. Bark. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. HYPOCHNUS 657 2232. H. crustaceus (Schum.) Karst. (= Thelephora Crustacea (Schum.) Fr. ; Phylacteria spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire sec. von Hoehn. & Litsch.) Fl. Dan. t. 1851, fig. 2. Crustaceus, having a bark. R. 2 8 cm., fuscous umber, broadly effused, incrusting; margin whitish, or black, fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, irregularly papil- lose. Flesh brownish, soft, floccose, thin. Spores brown, verrucose, globose, 8-lOjU,. Hyphae brown. Bare soil, and running over grass, leaves, and twigs. Feb. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2233. H. zygodesmoides (EUis) Burt. fryoSea-fAOv, a yoke-band; etSo?, like. R. 2-3 cm., pinkish, to vinaceous-buff, often with rusty stains, broadly effused, easily separable, soft; margin " Sayal" to "snuff- brown," narrow, byssoid. Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh pale brown, arachnoid, membranaceous, floccose. Spores pale, or with a slight tinge of buff in the mass, very pale straw colour to almost hyaline under the microscope, with fairly long, blunt spines, elliptical to subglobose, spore body 5-7 x 4-6 fi; basidia cylindric clavate, 40 x 6-8 /a, with 4-sterigmata, 4-7 ju, long. Basal hyphae pale brown, little branched, and infrequently septate, 4-6/A in diam. Rotten bark. Sept. Uncommon. 2234. H. echinosporus (Ellis) Burt. (= Corticium echinosporum Ellis; Hypochnus mollis Fr. var. pellicula Fr.; Hypochnus pellicula Bres.) e^ti/o?, hedge-hog; a-Tropd, seed. R. 24 cm., sulphur yellow, or rose pink, indefinitely effused, very delicate, membranaceous, separable; margin whitish, or concolorous, very thin, indefinite, occasionally with very fine, white hyphal strands spreading over the subiculum. Hymenium pale clear sulphur yellow, becoming spotted ivith brown when old, or dull rose pink, occasionally with a very faint lilac tinge, and with darker reddish, or brownish stains, forming a fine pulverulent pellicle. Flesh concolorous, arachnoid, soft, thin, loose. Spores hyaline, or pale straw colour, contents sometimes golden yellow, or rosy, echinulate, subglobose, or in lateral view broadly elliptical, 5-7 x 4-6 //,; basidia cylindrical to clavate, 20- 30 x 6-8 /A, with 2-4-sterigmata, slightly curved, 3-5-5 x 1-1-5/4. Basal hyphae hyaline, or very faintly coloured, 2-5-5/x, in diam., branched, septate. Rotten wood. Oct. Rare. 2235. H. roseo-griseus Wakef. & Pearson. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 141. Roseus, rosy; griseus, grey. R. 38 cm., "light vinaceous fawn" and "cinnamon drab" of Ridg- way, with a paler "drab-grey" margin, becoming like H. fuscus, but paler with a greyish bloom, greyish white to dirty buff when quite young, effused, pelliculose, or membranaceous, easily separable; margin somewhat radiating, grey. Hymenium pale greyish vinaceous, R. B. B. 42 658 HYPOCHNUS pulverulent. Flesh pale, thin, soft. Spores hyaline, or pale straw colour, coarsely verrucose, angularly-subglobose, 7-9 /t, often 1-guttulate ; basidia subhyaline, clavate, 40-55 x 7-10//,, 2-4-sterigmata, 7-9 fj, long. Subhymenial hyphae subhyaline; basal hyphae greyish, scarcely branched, septate, 2-5-3 /it in diam., without clamp connections. Bark, wood, etc., especially pine. Oct. Jan. Common. var. lavandulaceus Pears. Lavandulaceus, lavender coloured. Differs from the type only in the greyish lavender colour of the hymenium without a trace of pink. Ground in woods under Castanea saliva. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2236. H. fumosus Fr. (= Corticium fumosum Fr.; Corticium sul- phureum (Pers.) Bres. ; Phlebia vaga Fr. ; Coniopfiora sulfurea (Pers.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 198, fig. 3, as Corticium fumosum Fr. Fumosus, smoky. E. 3-10 cm., pale, yellow, tawny, cinnamon, grey, drab, brownish or fuscous, effused, membranaceous, arachnoid, separable, more or less overrun with intricate, branching, anastomosing threads; margin bright yellow, becoming whitish, byssoid, fibrillose. Hymenium con- colorous, granular, or reticulately veined. Flesh pale, or slightly cinereous, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, or brownish, minutely echinulate, ovoid, or globose, 3-7 x 3-5/x. Hyphae longitudinally interwoven, occasionally with clamp connections, thin walled, hyaline, or slightly smoky, 2-5-3-5/i in diam. Dead wood, branches, and twigs. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2237. H. sphaerosporus R. Maire. (= Corticium sphaerosporum (R. Maire) von Hoehn. & Litsch.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. Beit, zur Kennt. der Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. Bd. cxvn (1908), 1106, and reprint 26, text-fig. 5. crtyaipa, a ball; cnropd, seed. R. 1-2 cm., chalk white or snow white, becoming yellowish in the centre, effused, arachnoid, and porous under a lens; margin similar or fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, mealy, or granular. Flesh con- colorous, thin, floccose. Spores hyaline, coarsely and minutely warted, globose, or angularly-globose, 3-6 x 2-5-4/z, (mostly 4-5 x 4jii), 1- guttulate; basidia clavate or pyriform, 8-15 x 4-6 p, with 2-4- sterigmata 2-5 /A long. Hyphae hyaline, 2-4/i in diam., thin walled, with clamp connections, basal hyphae often forming rhizoidal strands, and inclosing acicular, or fusiform crystals of oxalate of lime, 10-25/i long. Beech logs and on bare soil. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 2238. H. submutabilis (von Hoehn. & Litsch.) Rea. (= Corticium sub- mutabile von Hoehn. & Litsch.) Submutabilis, changeable. R. 1-3 cm., dirty whitish to yellowish, effused, irregular; margin HYPOCHNELLA. JAAPIA 659 similar. Hymenium concolorous, very loose, pulverulent. Spores hyaline, rough with short conical warts, subglobose, broadly elliptical or oval and flattened on one side, attenuated at the base, 2-3-5 /u, in diam., or 2-3-5 x 2-2-5/z, usually 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 8-16 x 4-6 JM, with 2-4 thin, pointed sterigmata 1-5-3 /x long. Hyphae hyaline, 1-3/x, in diam., thin walled, septate-nodulose, rarely distinct (no clamp connections observed). Pine stick. Sept. Kare. Hypochnella Schroet. (Hypochnella, diminutive of Hypochnus.) Same characters as Hypochnus but differing in the smooth, ellip- tical, violet spores. Growing on wood. 2239. H. violacea (Awd.) Schroet. Violacea, violet. R. 210 cm., rich lilac colour, becoming darker and duller when dry, irregularly effused. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Flesh bluish, very thin, floccose, loose. Spores deep violet, elliptical, with a lateral basal apiculus, 7-9 x 3-4/A; basidia hyaline, or faintly coloured, cylindric-clavate, 20-25 x 8-9 /z; paraphyses obtuse, 10-12 x 6-7 p, often with a few crystals on the external walls. Subhymenial hyphae very faintly coloured, often slightly incrusted with small rounded crystals; basal hyphae pale lilac, 6-9 ju, in diam. Underside of fallen branches. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) Jaapia Bres. (Otto Jaap.) Resupinate, effused, immarginate, flocculose-pulverulent, with the habit of some Corticia or of a pale Hypochnus. Spores straw coloured, subelliptical, hyaline-appendiculate. 2240. J. argillacea Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 320. Argillacea, clay coloured. R. 1 cm., clay coloured, irregularly effused, flocculose, sometimes with scattered granules. Hymenium concolorous, loose, then more continuous. Flesh concolorous, very thin, floccose. Spores straw coloured, fusiform, slightly curved, 22-25 x 7-8/z, consisting of a central oblong-elliptical portion, 14-18 x 7-8/A (mostly 15 x 7/x), containing faintly coloured, granular protoplasm, divided off by a wall from a clear conical portion at either end. Basidia clavate, up to 60 JJL long by 8-10/u, wide, with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 8ju, long. Cystidia hyaline, cylindrical, obtuse, 100-160 x 7-8//,, occasionally with a single septum. Basal hyphae flexuous, frequently septate, with clamp connections, 4-6/x in diam. Fallen sticks. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 422 660 ALDBIDGEA. PTYCHOGASTEB. SPARASSIS Aldridgea Massee. (Miss Emily Aldridge.) Keceptacle subgelatinous, becoming cartilaginous when dry, re- supinate, effused. Hymenium smooth, even. Spores coloured, ellip- tical, smooth; basidia with 4-sterigmata. Growing on wood. 2241. A. gelatinosa Massee. Massee, Brit. Fung. Fl. i, figs. 20 and 21, p. 97. Gelatinosa, jelly-like. R. 5-13 cm., pallid, broadly effused; margin determinate. Hy- menium purple brown, smooth, even. Flesh subgelatinous, then car- tilaginous, or rigid and collapsed when dry. Spores "olive, broadly elliptical, obliquely apiculate, 10 x 6-7 p," Massee. Sawdust. Rare. [Ptychogaster Corda.] (TTTV, a fold; yaa'Tijp, belly.) Receptacle fleshy, or somewhat corky, round, or cushion-shaped, producing conidia and chlamydospores. Cystidia present, or absent. Growing on wood, or incrusting plants. 2242. P. albus Cda. Albus, white. R. 2-15 cm., white, becoming brownish, globose, obconic, or pul- vinate, soft, shaggy, or filamentous; internally white, becoming brownish, formed of many concentric layers. Conidia colourless, long, oval. Chlamydospores "brownish, elliptic, or oblong, 6/u, long" Henn. Dead wood and branches. Aug. Feb. Common, (v.v.) 6. THELEPHORACEAE. Hymenium spread over a smooth, rugose, or ribbed surface, either resting upon an intermediate layer of hyphae running longi- tudinally between it and the mycelium, or seated directly upon the mycelium. 1. Hymenium separated from the mycelium by an intermediate layer of hyphae. Sparassis Fr. (ar-jrapaa-a-ca, I tear in pieces.) Receptacle fleshy, erect, much branched; branches flattened in a lamellar, or plate-like manner, more or less confluent. Hymenium smooth, inferior. Spores white, or yellowish, ovoid, elliptical, globose, or subglobose; smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Mycelium cord-like, often attached to the roots of trees. Growing on the ground. 2243. S. crispa (Wulf.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 102, no. 229. Crispa, curled. R. 10-60 cm., whitish, or pale ochraceous, very much branched, re- SPARASSIS. STEREUM 661 sembling a cauliflower; branches 2-55 cm., broad, intricate, ribbon- like, apex tinged yellowish, crisped, and slightly zoned. St. whitish, becoming blackish with age, stout, rooting. Flesh whitish, or yellowish, fleshy, brittle. Spores pale ochraceous in the mass, hyaline under the microscope, subglobose, or elliptical, 6-7 fj, in diam., or 6 x 4/i, 1-2- guttulate ; basidia with 2^1-sterigmata. Smell very pleasant, of anise. Taste agreeable. Edible. Coniferous woods. Aug. Nov. Not un- common, (v.v.) 2244. S. laminosa Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 13. Laminosa, having plates. R. 10-60 cm., yellowish straw colour, very much branched; branches laminar, patent, more lax, and less dense than those of S. crispa. St. whitish, becoming discoloured with age, stout, rooting. Flesh yellowish, fleshy, brittle. Spores pale ochraceous in the mass, hyaline under the microscope, globose, S/A, with granular contents. Smell pleasant. Taste agreeable. Edible. Mixed woods, especially near oaks. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) Stereum (Pers.) Massee (= Thelephora (Ehrh.) Fr. pp.). (a-repeov, firm.) Receptacle coriaceous, pileate, stipitate, or sessile, infundibuliform, dimidiate, resupinate, or effuso-reflexed. Stem central, lateral, or none. Hymenium inferior, with an intermediate layer, smooth, rarely rugulose, or ribbed, sometimes setulose, pubescent, or velvety. Flesh pale. Spores white, oval, elliptical, globose, subglobose, cylindrical, oblong, or oblong elliptic; smooth, or granular; basidia with 2-4- sterigmata. Cystidia hyaline, rarely coloured in nos. 2261 and 2262, present, or absent. Annual, or perennial. Growing on wood, or on the ground. I. R. infundibuliform. St. central. 2245. S. Sowerbeii (B. & Br.) Massee. (= Thelephora Sowerbeii B. <fe Br. ; Podoscypha Sowerbeji (B. & Br.) Pat. ; Stereum pallidum (Pers.) Lloyd sec. Burt. ; Thelephora vitellina Plowr.) Rolland, Champ, t. 101, no. 225, as Podoscypha Sowerbeji. James Sowerby, the well-known botanical illustrator. R. 1 2-5 cm., snow white, becoming yellow, or pale yellow, infundi- buliform, fiabelliform, or spathulate, uneven; margin incised, often crenate. St. 1-2-5 cm. x 2-3 mm., concolorous, gradually expanding into the p., often confluent, smooth, or wrinkled. Hymenium con- colorous, smooth, or rugulose. Flesh yellowish, fleshy coriaceous, thin. Spores white, oval, 3 x 2/*. Under pine bark, and on the ground. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 662 STEBEUM 2246. S. pallidum (Pers.) Cooke. (= Thelephora pallida (Pers.) Fr.) Pers. Icon, et Desc. i, t. 1, fig. 3, as Craterella pallida. Pallidum, pale. R. 1-5 cm., pallid, then cream, or buff, infundibuliform, strigosely squamulose. St. 2-6 x -5-1 cm., concolorous, expanding upwards into the p., often confluent, smooth, base villose. Hymenium pallid, rugulose, with slight, very obtuse, radial folds, more or less setulose with hyaline hairs under a lens. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous-spongy, rather thick. Spores white, elliptical, often flattened on one side, 5-8 x 3-5/x. Cystidia hyaline, cylindrical, smooth, 6-8/z in diam., projecting 10-50ju, above the hymenium. Often caespitose. Woods. July Nov. Rare, (v.v.) 2247. S. multizonatum (B. & Br.) Massee. (= Tkelephora multizonata B. & Br.) B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 3, xv, t. xm, fig. 4, as Thelephora multizonata. Multus, many ; tyovr), a belt. R. 9-20 cm., bright rufous flesh colour, or rich brown, margin white at first, deeply infundibuliform, variously cut and lobed, zoned with darker bands; margin lobed, crenulate. St. 5-9 x 1-3 cm., concolorous, gradually expanding into the p., often confluent, smooth. Hymenium paler than the p., or somewhat cinereous, slightly ribbed, smooth. Flesh concolorous, or paler, coriaceous, tough, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 7 x 4-5/>t, with a large central gutta. Caespitose. Woods. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2248. S. undulatum (Fr.) Massee 1 . (- Thelephora undulata Fr.) Undulatum, waved. R. 13 cm., whitish, then tan, depressed, plano-infundibuliform, minutely fibrillose; margin entire, undulate. St. 1-3 x -5-1 cm., whitish, equal, villose. Hymenium pale tan, ribbed, setulose under a lens. Flesh concolorous, subcoriaceous, firm. Spores white, "broadly pip-shaped, 10 x 6/t" Massee. On the ground. Oct. Rare. 2249. S. tuberosum (Grev.) Massee. (= Thelephora tuberosa (Grev.) Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 178, as Merisma tuberosum Grev. Tuberosum, tuberous. R. 1-2 cm., grey, or with a slight brownish tinge, infundibuliform, broken up into narrow, compressed segments almost to the base of the st., segments acute, or obtuse at the apex. St. -5-2-5 cm. x 2-4 mm., concolorous, subcylindrical, obscurely furrowed or lacunose, base bulbous. Hymenium concolorous, inferior, smooth. Flesh subcoria- ceous, thin. Spores white, "elliptical, 7-8 x 5ju," Massee. Bare soil. Sept. Nov. Rare. 1 "The record in England is an error of determination" sec. Lloyd, Synopsis Stipitate Stereums, p. 20. STERETJM 663 II. R. dimidiate, sessile, or resupinate and effuso-reflexed, marginate. *Hymenium bleeding when touched. 2250. S. spadiceum Fr. (= Stereum gausapatum Fr. ; Stereum cristu- latum Quel. ; Stereum quercinum Potter.) Holland, Champ, t. 102, no. 227. Spadiceum, date brown. R. 5-10 cm., greyish, brownish, or subferruginous, margin often white at first, effuso-reflexed, or subdimidiate, often imbricated, confluent, villose or hirsute; margin obtuse, often lobed. Hymenium /MSCOWS, or bistre, bleeding wJien fresh if cut or bruised, becoming snuff brown or more or less darker and discoloured with age, smooth, or wrinkled. Flesh whitish in the middle stratum, coriaceous, soft. Spores white, ellip- tical, 7-8 x 4r-5/i. Cystidia none. Lacticiferous hyphae, red, "coloured, 75-120 x 5ju, very numerous" Burt. Stumps, and fallen branches, especially oak, and ash. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2251. S. rugosum (Pers.) Fr. Rugosum, wrinkled. R. 2-20 cm., pinkish buff, base paler, widely effused, or shortly reflexed, obtusely marginate, silky, then glabrous, and at length con- centrically furrowed, radially pitted and weathering grey. Hymenium pinkish buff to drab-grey, bleeding if bruised when fresh, pruinose. Flesh whitish, becoming discoloured, coriaceous, rigid, "intermediate layer bordered on the upper side by a dense golden zone and on the lower side by a two-many-zoned hymenial layer 120-1 200 /z thick, hyphae of intermediate layer 2-5-3/z in diam." Burt. Spores white, oblong, incurved, 10-12 x 4-5/u,. Cystidia none. Lacticiferous hyphae red, "dark coloured, very numerous, 3-6 /x in diam." Burt. Stumps, trunks, logs, and fallen branches of frondose trees. Jan. Dec. Com- mon, (v.v.) 2252. S. sanguinolentum (A. & S.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 225, as Thelephora sanguinolenta A. & S. Sanguinolentum, full of blood. R. 1-8 cm., pallid, white at the thin, acute margin, effused, often circular, becoming confluent, then reflexed, adpressedly villose, or silky, substriate. Hymenium cinereous, then fuscous, bleeding when wounded, even, smooth, becoming cracked when dry. Flesh whitish, coriaceous, thin, "intermediate layer bordered on the upper side by a narrow, dense golden zone, and composed of densely arranged hyaline hyphae, 3/z in diam." Burt. Spores white, cylindrical, slightly curved, 8-9 x 3-4jii. Cystidia none. Lacticiferous hyphae red, "coloured, 3-4 /A, usually numerous" Burt. Dead stumps, and branches, especially of conifers. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 664 STERETJM **Hymenium yellow, or grey. 2253. S. hirsutum (Willd.) Fr. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 17, fig. 7. Hirsutum, hairy. R. 2-10 cm., pallid, yellowish, or greyish, margin yellow, widely effused, then reflexed, sometimes entirely resupinate, strigosely hairy, subzoned; margin obtuse. Hymenium bright ochraceous, pinkish, or tan colour, sometimes becoming grey, even, smooth. Flesh yellowish, coriaceous, firm, tough, "intermediate layer bordered next to the hairy covering by a very dense, narrow, golden zone, composed of densely and longitudinally arranged hyaline hyphae, 3-4)U, in diam., some of which in the subhymenium are thick walled, up to 5-6 /x in. diam., and very rarely have golden brown contents as seen between the basidia" Burt. Spores white, elliptical, incurved, 6-8 x 3-4 p.. Cys- tidia none. Stumps, trunks, logs, posts, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. subcostatum (Karst.) Massee. (= Corticium subcostatum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz.) Subcostatum, somewhat ribbed. Differs from the type in its vaguely costate, or rugose hymenium. Fallen branches. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. luteocitrinum Sacc. Luteus, yellow; citrinum, lemon yellow. Differs from the type in the golden yellow margin, and dark coloured p. Stumps. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2254. S. ochroleucum Fr. &>%po?> pale; Xeu/co?, white. R. 3-5 cm., whitish cream, then greyish tan colour, orbicular, effuso- reflexed, confluent, then free, often entirely resupinate, villose, or strigose, zoned. Hymenium pale ochre, smooth, cracked when dry. Flesh pale, floccose, thin, "hyphae about 2-5/x. in diam., granule- incrusted and interwoven throughout the thickness of the pileus" Burt. Spores white, elliptical or subglobose, 4-5-5 x 3p,. Dead wood and bark. Jan. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) ***Hymenium purple, lilac, or brown. 2255. S. purpureum (Pers.) Fr. (= Stereum vorticosum Fr. sec. Burt.) Hussey, Illus. Brit. Myc. i, t. 20. Purpureum, purple. R. 2-8 cm., whitish, pallid, or greyish, effuso-reflexed, more or less imbricate, sometimes entirely resupinate, zoned, villosely tomentose', margin entire, sometimes crisped or lobed. Hymenium lilac, or purplish, even, smooth. Flesh whitish, coriaceous-soft, somewhat thick. Spores white, oblong, or oboval, apiculate at one end, 6-8 x 3-4ju,. Hymenial cystidia none, subhymenial cystidia vesiculose, 15- 30 x 12-25/A. Dead branches, and felled trunks, especially birch, beech, elm, and poplar. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) STEBEUM 665 var. atro-marginatum W. G. Sm. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 412, fig. 1, as Auricularia elegans Sow. Ater, black; marginatum, bordered. Differs from the type in the narrow, black zone near the white margin of the p. Dead branches. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2256. S. ragosiusculum Berk. & Curt. (= Stereum purpureum (Pers.) auct. pi.) Rugosiusculum, somewhat wrinkled. R. 2-6 cm., cartridge-buff to cinnamon buff when dry, more or less broadly reflexed, rarely resupinate, tomentose, spongy, sometimes with projecting hairs collapsed together into a plane or wrinkled surface; margin entire. Hymenium vinaceous-buff to fawn colour when dry, even. Flesh whitish, coriaceous-soft, fairly thick. Spores white, elliptical, incurved, 5-7 x 3-4 p. Hymenial cystidia cylindrical, thin walled, 4ju in diam., subhymenial cystidia vesiculose, 1530 x 10-20/u,. Logs and stumps of frondose trees. Jan. Dec. Common. (v.v.) 2257. S. conchatum Fr. Koyxy, a mussel shell. R. 430 mm., dirty yellowish, effuso-reflexed, then shell-shaped, subimbricate, rugose, glabrous, obscurely zoned, somewhat crisped. Hymenium fuscous, smooth. Flesh coriaceous, thin. Fir. Rare. 2258. S. bicolor (Pers.) Fr. (= Stereum fuscum (Schrad.) Quel.) Fr. Icon. t. 197, fig. 2. Bicolor, two coloured. R. 1-5 cm., snuff-brown to bistre when dry, sometimes resupinate, generally becoming conchate-reflexed, often imbricate, villose, be- coming glabrous, somewhat concentrically sulcate. Hymenium white, then cream colour to pallid mouse grey when dry, even, smooth. Flesh submembranaceous, soft, spongy, "composed of longitudinally and loosely interwoven hyphae, 3/t in diam., coloured towards the upper surface, hyaline towards the hymenium. Spores hyaline, 3- 4-5 x 2-3 fi. Gloeocystidia hyaline, flexuose, 20-60 x 5-7 /A" Burt. Rotting frondose limbs and sometimes on pine. April Dec. Rare. III. Effused, resupinate, margin scarcely, or not at all free. *Hymenium stratose. 2259. S. frustulosum (Pers.) Fr. Frustulosum, full of pieces. R. 2-5 mm., date-brown-blackish, resupinate, tuberculose, crowded as if confluent, and then broken up into frustules, sometimes growing outward from the place of attachment and narrowly reflexed, or with a free margin all round, concentrically sulcate, glabrous. Hymenium pinkish buff to whitish, convex, pruinose, stratose. Flesh woody, thick. Spores "hyaline, oboval, 5-6 x 3-3-5/x. Paraphyses bottle-brush, or aculeate, numerous" Burt. Oak logs and stumps. Rare. 666 STEREUM 2260. S. stratosum B. & Br. Stratosum, stratose. R. 5-10 cm., bright ochraceous white, becoming yellowish, effused, smooth, here and there wrinkled. Flesh pallid, stratose, strata at length broken up. Rare. **Hymenium pubescent, velvety. 2261. S. Chailletii (Pers.) Fr. D. Chaillet. R. 215 cm., somewhat fawn colour, or brownish, broadly effused, resupinate the first year, then becoming stratose, and at length pileate, pilei sometimes well developed, tomentose, more or less concentrically sulcate; margin entire. Hymenium pale ferruginous, or fawn colour, pubescent, velvety. Flesh pallid, coriaceous, fairly thick, "composed of somewhat longitudinally and not densely interwoven hyphae, 3 4-5/A in diarn., some of which are hyaline, thin walled, and with deeply staining protoplasm, and many thick walled, stiff, giving their colour to the fructification and curving into the hymenium where they terminate in cystidia" Burt. Spores "hyaline, elliptical, in- equilateral, 6-7-5 x 3-4ja. Cystidia yellowish, rough, fusiform, cylin- drical, 50-120 x 4-5 //,, or in old stratose plants, 45-60 x 5-7 ju," Bres. Felled fir trunk. Oct. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) S. disciforme (DC.) Fr. = Aleurodiscus discifonnis (DC.) Pat. ***Hymenium pruinose. 2262. S. abietimun (Pers.) Fr. Abietinum, of firs. R. 2-8 cm., burnt umber, resupinate, effused, rarely reflexed, tomen- tose, obscurely zonate, tuberculate or uneven. Hymenium light drab to cinereous or glaucous, pruinose. Flesh coloured, coriaceous-spongy, thick, "intermediate layer composed of longitudinally arranged, inter- woven, coloured hyphae, 3-3-5/z in diam., bordered on its outer side by a darker, denser zone which connects with the tomentose covering ; hymenial layer becoming zonate and containing numerous, coloured, cystidia. Spores hyaline, flattened on one side, 9-13 x 4-5 p,. Cystidia coloured, cylindric, obtuse, even, rough walled or more or less in- crusted, 90-150 x 6-8^, protruding up to 60/x" Burt. Pine and Abies trunks and logs. Rare. 2263. S. Pini Fr. Pini, of pines. R. 1-4 mm., fuscous, then Benzo-brown, resupinate, adnate, at first orbicular, then confluent, and again broken up into bullate tubercles, smooth beneath; margin fimbriate, lobed. Hymenium purple flesh colour, becoming fuscous, pruinose. Flesh coriaceous-cartilaginous, rigid, thin at the margin, "intermediate layer bordered on each side by a narrow, coloured zone, and composed of longitudinally arranged, STEREUM. HYMENOCHAETE 667 densely interwoven, hyaline hyphae with walls gelatinously modified, the subhymenium olivaceous-coloured. Spores hyaline, curved, 5-6 x 2-2-5/u. Cystidia hyaline, incrusted, 24 x 8/i, sometimes very sparse. Gloeocystidia hyaline, fusoid, or irregular, 30-40 x 10-15/i, sparse" Burt. Pine bark. Nov. Eare. 2264. S. rufum Fr. (= Stereum rufomarginatum (Pers.) Quel.; British records of this plant = Eichleriella spinulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Burt, sec. Wakef.) Burt, The Thelephoraceae of North America, xn, Stereum, p. 121, text-fig. 11. Rufum, red. R. 2-4 mm., vinaceous~brown to hematite red, erumpent, tuberculi- form, then somewhat round, marginate, smooth beneath. Hymenium vinaceous-brown, often greyish pruinose, becoming coarsely wrinkled. Flesh coriaceous-fleshy, firm, fairly thick, "composed of ascending loosely interwoven, incrusted, hyaline hyphae, 4^4-5 fj, in diam. over the incrustation. Spores white, oblong, curved, 6-8 x 1-5-2 /A. Cys- tidia none. Gloeocystidia hyaline, flexuose, 50-90 x 7-10/i, scattered, not protruding" Burt. Poplar. Sept. March. Uncommon. S. acerinum (Pers.) Fr. = Aleurodiscus acerinus (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. Hymenochaete Lev. (= Stereum (Pers.) Massee p.p.). (vfirjv, a membrane; %atT/7, long flowing hair.) Receptacle coriaceous, firm, sessile, effuso-reflexed, or resupinate. Hymenium inferior, with an intermediate layer, setulose, or velvety, even, rarely granular. Spores white, or coloured, elliptical, oval, sub- globose, oblong, fusoid, or cylindrical ellipsoid; smooth. Cystidia or setae present, coloured. Perennial. Growing on wood. I. Sessile, effused, free and reflexed. 2265. H. rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lev. (= Stereum rubiginosum (Schrad.) Fr.) Sow. Brit. Fung. t. 26, as Auricularia ferruginea. Rubiginosa, rusty. R. 3-15 cm., rubiginous, or brownish rust colour, margin ochraceous tawny, effused, reflexed, sometimes entirely resupinate, separable, rigid, somewhat fasciate, concentrically sulcate, velvety, becoming smooth and date brown. Hymenium ferruginous, or bistre, setulose, subcolliculose. Flesh tawny ferruginous, coriaceous, firm, intermediate layer "composed of longitudinally arranged, coloured hyphae, 2-5^t in diam., and bordered above by a narrow, dense, dark zone" Burt. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 2-3/u,. Setae coloured, crowded, acutely conical, slightly curved, 50-70 x 5-7 />t. Stumps, branches and logs of frondose trees. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 668 HYMENOCHAETE 2266. H. tabacina (Sow.) Lev. (= Stereum tabacinum (Sow.) Fr.; Stereum avellanum Fr. in part; Hymenochaete avellana (Fr.) Cke.) Sow. Brit. Fung. t. 25, as Auricularia tabacina Sow. Tabacina, tobacco colour. R. 330 cm., subferruginous, becoming brown, margin golden, effused, reflexed, often imbricate, sometimes entirely resupinate, silky, at length, becoming smooth. Hymenium paler, snuff brown, or sepia, setulose, often deeply cracked into a series of radial anastomosing cracks when resupinate. Flesh golden, coriaceous, flaccid, thin, inter- mediate layer composed of "longitudinally arranged, orange-yellow hyphae, 2-5 3^ in diam., bordered on each side by a narrow, dark, dense zone" Burt. Spores white, oblong, often curved, 4-6 x 1-5-2 fj,. Setae coloured, conico-acuminate, 70-100 x 8-12/z. Stumps, trunks, and logs, especially of frondose trees. Sept. March. Not uncommon. (v.v.) H. avellana (Fr.) Cke. = Hymenochaete tabacina (Sow.) Lev. 2267. H. Boltonii (Fr.) Cke. (= Corticium Boltonii Fr.) James Bolton, author of "An History of Fungusses growing about Halifax." R. 34 cm., white to ochre, or pale lavender, zoned brown, or black, effused; margin shortly reflexed, villose. Hymenium white to pale brown, becoming ferruginous fuscous, or dark red, setulose. Setae "clavate, attenuated at the base, 70-80 x 10-1 Ifj,, smaller in re- supinate forms " Cke. Bird cherry. Feb. Rare. II. Resupinate. A. Hymenium simple. f Setae acuminate. *Spores white. 2268. H. nigrescens Cke. Nigrescens, becoming black. R. 2-5 5 cm., fuscous, becoming black, peltate, subcircular, solitary, or gregarious, sometimes confluent, adnate; margin sometimes free and slightly reflexed, smooth and greyish beneath. Hymenium brown, then blackish, or blackish umber, setulose, often cracked. Flesh rigid. Spores "white, elliptical, 10 x 5/z. Setae blackish, conical, 80-140 x 10-12 ft" Massee. Dry wood. May. 2269. H. Stevensonii B. & Br. (= Stereum rufo-hispidum Stev.) Rev. John Stevenson, the eminent Scotch mycologist. R. 24 cm., pale fawn colour, effused, adnate ; margin abrupt, some- times a little thickened, and raised. Hymenium livid, or greyish pink, with a tinge of lilac when dry, setulose. Flesh rigid. Spores white, "elliptic fusoid, 6-7 x 3-4/1,. Setae (rufous), rigid, 20-40 x 8-10/*" Massee. Bark of yew. Sept. April. Rare, (v.v.) HYMENOCHAETE 669 2270. H. leonina Berk. & Curt. XeW, a lion. R. 2-10 cm., orange ferruginous, drying tawny olive to "Brussels- brown" entirely resupinate, widely effused, separable; margin tomen- tose. Hymenium concolorous, setulose, unequal. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous, loose, "composed of a compact setigerous layer 50-75 [i thick, with setae starting at different levels within it, and of a broad supporting hyphal layer, 100 600/z thick, composed of loosely inter- woven, rather longitudinally arranged hyphae, 3/u, in diam., stiff, coloured like the fructification; in fully developed, thick fructifica- tions the hyphal layer is divided, parallel with the substratum, ~by a narrow, dark zone" Burt. Spores white, elliptical, "5-6 x 3-3-5/z. Setae conical, tapering from the base to the apex, 60-80 x 7-9 p,, emerging up to 50 /A " Burt. Dead wood and holly. Rare. 2271. H. fuliginosa (Pers.) Lev. (? = Hymenochaete fuliginosa (Pers.) Bres.) Fuliginosa, sooty. R. 4 5 cm., obscure smoky brown, effused, closely adnate; margin yellowish rust, often very much broken up into patches, and almost indeterminate. Hymenium umber with rust, or purple tinge, densely or sparsely setulose, appearing almost smooth under a lens, some- times minutely cracked, and brighter in colour. Flesh coriaceous, compact. Spores white, "subglobose, 5 x 4/n. Setae brown, often clear purple by transmitted light, 30-50 x 6-8 p," Massee. Wood, and decorticated branches. Sept. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2272. H. Mougeotii (Fr.) Cke. (= Corticium Mougeotii Fr.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 9. J. B. Mougeot, part author of "Stirpes cryptogamicae Vogeso- rhenanae." R. 5-20 mm., rusty brown, reddish brown at the margin, effuso- reflexed, closely adnate, minutely tomentose; margin silky. Hy- menium deep red, tubercular, or granular, pruinosely pubescent, setu- lose. Flesh concolorous, or paler, waxy, then rigid. Spores white, cylindrically ellipsoid, or oblong, 5-7 x 2ja. Setae red, apex hyaline and white, gradually attenuated upwards, 30-60 x 5-8/A. Dead branches of Picea excelsa. Aug. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 2273. H. comigata (Fr.) Lev. (= Corticium corrugatum Fr.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 234, as Thelephora Padi Pers. Corrugata, wrinkled. R. 5-20 cm., pallid cinnamon, widely effused, closely adnate, when dry, cracked, into small polygonal areas, about 1-3 to a mm., sometimes grumous ; margin thin, sometimes paler. Hymenium cinna- mon brown to bistre and "Rood's brown," sometimes weathering to mouse grey, setulose. Flesh concolorous, or paler, firm, "composed of densely interwoven hyphae, 3/x, in diam., coloured like the fructification" Burt. Spores white, allantoid, 4-5-7 x l-5-2ju,. Setae brown, cylin- 670 HYMENOCHAETE. CLADODEBRIS drical, acute, 55-75 x 7-12/A. Dead wood and branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) **Spores coloured. 2274. H. croceo-ferruginea Massee. Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour. 27, t. v, figs. 9, a, b, c. Croceus, saffron yellow ; ferruginea, iron rust colour. R. 58 cm., orange ferruginous to brownish, broadly effused, closely adnate; margin byssoid or indeterminate. Hymenium concolorous, very minutely setulose, cracked when dry. Flesh crustaceous, very thin. Spores "olive, subglobose, 7 x 6 /A. Setae cylindrical, base very much swollen, 70-100 x 30-35 /z" Massee. Dead stems of Rosa canina. Rare. ft Setae subclavate, sometimes rough. 2275. H. crassa (Lev.) Berk. Lev. Voy. Bonite, t. 139, fig. 1 B, as Thelephora crassa Lev. Crassa, thick. R. 2-5-11 cm., pale rufous, resupinate, effused, minutely velvety; margin thickened, at length free. Hymenium rufous, unequal, setu- lose. Flesh coriaceous, soft, spongy. Spores white, "cylindric- ellipsoid, 7-8 x 4^,. Setae subclavate, often rough at the apex, 70-130 x 7-14/i" Massee. Trunks. Rare. H. abietina (Pers.) Massee = Stereum abietinum (Pers.) Fr. B. Hymenium stratose. 2276. H. cinnamomea (Pers.) Bres. (= Corticium cinnamomeum (Pers.) Fr.) Cinnamomea, cinnamon colour. R. 3-7 cm., cinnamon brown, or auburn, resupinate, widely effused, adnate, velvety; margin paler, floccose. Hymenium cinnamon-brown, drying antique brown to "Brussels-brown," setulose, stratose. Flesh con- colorous, thick, loose, "stratose, ranging up to 6 strata, each com- posed of a setigerous layer 30-45 fj, broad, and of a hyphal layer of equal or greater breadth, with hyphae coloured like the fructifica- tion, loosely interwoven, 3/x, in diam." Burt. Spores white, cylin- dric-ellipsoid, curved, 5-6 x 2-2-5/u,. Setae mahogany colour, apex paler, tapering upwards into an acute point, 70-100 x 5-6 /A. " Basidia clavate, 10-12 x 3-5/t, with 4-sterigmata, intermingled with long, cylindrical, blunt, paraphyses, brown below, more or less hyaline above, 4/x in diam." Wakef . Bark, decaying wood and fallen branches of frondose and coniferous trees. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) Cladoderris Pers. (/e\o8o<?, a branch; Seppis, a leathern covering.) Receptacle coriaceous, pileate, sessile, or produced behind into a stem-like base. Hymenium inferior, with fan-like folds, or radiating, woody, branched ribs, or veins. Spores white, elliptic oblong, smooth. Cystidia present. Growing on wood. CLADODERRIS. EPITHELE. ALEURODISCTJS 671 2277. C. minima B. & Br. Stevenson, Brit. Fung, n, p. 266, fig. 85. Minima, least. R. 4-6 mm., white, flabelliform, resupinate, springing from a stem- like, or obsolete base, tomentose, somewhat zoned. Hymenium white, Incoming yellowish tan, radiated on branched ribs. Flesh coriaceous, firm. Spores white, "elliptic-oblong, apiculate at the base, curved, 14-15 x 4r-5fj," Massee. Birch. Dec. Rare. 2. Hymenium seated directly on the mycelium. Epithele Pat. (eVi, upon; #77X77, a nipple.) Receptacle waxy, or floccose, resupinate, effused. Hymenium smooth, interspersed with scattered, sterile protuberances, caused by the breaking through of fasciculate mycelial hyphae. Spores white, fusiform, smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Grow- ing on dead leaves, herbaceous stems, and wood. 2278. E. Typhae (Pers.) Pat. (= Corticium Typhae (Pers.) Fr.) Beit, zur Kennt. der Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. Bd. cxv (1906), 1598, and reprint 50, text-fig. 3. Typha, the Mace-reed. R. 1-4 cm., white, becoming yellowish, or dull buff, longitudinally effused, originating as byssoid spots, then confluent, minutely tomen- tose under a lens. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, then papillose, and often cracked. Flesh whitish, waxy, floccose, very thin. Spores white, fusiform, 20-25 x 7-8/x, 2-3-guttulate. Dead dry leaves of Typha, and Carex. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) Aleurodiscus Rabenh. (akevpov, flour, starch ; Stoveo?, a round plate.) Receptacle waxy floccose, or crustaceous, becoming coriaceous; resupinate, saucer-shaped with a free margin, or effused and adnate. Hymenium smooth, pulverulent, often containing much granular, or crystalline matter. Spores white, large, ovoid, elliptical, or sub- globose; smooth, or echinulate; basidia large with 4 stout sterigmata, intermixed with torulose, moniliform, or racemose paraphyses, or sterile basidia. Growing on wood. I. Discoid, cup-shaped, pezizaeform. *Spores smooth. 2279. A. discifonnis (DC.) Pat. (= Stereum disciforme (DC.) Fr.) Sia-tcos, a quoit ; forma, shape. R. 1-2-5 cm., white, or tan colour, resupinate, disciform; margin white, free, narrow. Hymenium white, becoming greyish, rigid, un- even, pulverulent. Flesh i concolorous, subconaceons, hard, firm. Spores white, "ovoid, or subglobose, 16-22 x 12-16/A, membrane coloured 672 ALEURODISCTTS. CORTICIUM blue with iodine; basidia 60-90 x 10-14//,. Paraphyses or sterile basidia torulose, 5-9 ^u, in diam. Hyphae rather thick walled, 3 5jn in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Trunks, and branches of oaks. Oct. March. Uncommon. **Spores rough. 2280. A. amorphus (Pers.) Rabenh. (= Corticium amorphum (Pers.) Fr.) cifj(,op(f)o<>, misshapen. R. 3-15 mm., white, becoming pallid, cup-shaped, then flattened, scattered, or confluent, externally white tomentose, and hairs incrusted with calcium oxalate; margin free, incurved. Hymenium orange, or buff pink, becoming paler, especially at the margin and subolivaceous when dried, even, continuous, pulverulent. Flesh pale, subcoriaceous, pliant, dense. Spores white, minutely echinulate, spines hyaline, sub- globose, 20-30 x 17-25/t, the membrane colours blue with iodine; "basidia 100-150 x 15-24 /z, with 2-4 subulate, curved sterigmata, 20-30 x 4-5 jit. Paraphyses or sterile basidia torulose, 4-lOju, in diam. Hyphae rather thick walled, 3-6 /A in diam., basal hyphae slightly coloured, often incrusted with calcium oxalate" Bourd. & Galz. Silver fir, and larch. Aug. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) II. Resupinate, effused, margin never reflexed. 2281. A. acerinus (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Stereum acerinum (Pers.) Fr.) Acerinus, pertaining to maples. R. 3-10 mm., white, irregularly effused, scattered, resupinate, crus- taceous, adnate; margin abrupt. Hymenium white, mealy, then smooth, and finally cracked. Flesh white, chalky, containing numerous crystals of calcium oxalate, compact, thin. Spores white, "ovoid, elliptical, 10-15 x 6-11 p,, scarcely coloured by iodine; basidia 36- 50-60 x 6-9-14 ju,, with 2-4-sterigmata, 6-7^, long. Paraphyses or sterile basidia branched, pointed, or capped by 1-2-globules. Hyphae very much branched, -75-1-5^ in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Maple, and sycamore. Dec. Rare. Corticium (Pers.). (Cortex, bark.) Receptacle waxy, crustaceous, or floccose, resupinate, effused. Hymenium smooth, or tubercular, waxy, continuous, often cracked. Spores white, very rarely coloured, ovate, elliptical, globose, oboval, pip-shaped, pyriform, boat-shaped, almond-shaped, subtriangular, cylindrical, cylindric ellipsoid, oblong, or sausage-shaped; smooth, rarely granular; basidia with 2-4-6-8-sterigmata, forming a homo- geneous hymenium, sometimes accompanied with sterile basidia (cystidioles). Cystidia none. Growing on wood, more rarely on leaves, or on the ground. CORTICIUM 673 I. Hymenium homogeneous, regular, consisting only of basidia. Hyphae distinct, or indistinct, with or without clamp connections at the septa, but never having abnormally large clamp connections, or becoming tuber osely swollen at the septa. 1. Receptacle membranaceous ; trama fibrillose, or tomentose, hyphae always distinct; hymenium fairly thick. 2282. C. caeruleum (Schrad.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 350, as Auricu- laria phosphorea Sow. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. rv, t. 3, fig. 26. Caeruleum, dark blue. R. 2-15 cm., beautiful azure blue, somewhat round, broadly effused, adnate, at first tomentose; margin whitish, or azure blue, byssoid. Hymenium concolorous, paler when dry, papillose. Flesh bluish under the hymenium, waxy, floccose, loose. Spores white, ovate-elliptical, 7-9 x 4-6 yu; "basidia 30-48 x 6-7-5/n, with 2-4-sterigmata. Hyphae thin-, or slightly thick- walled, 3-4-5/A in diam., with clamp connections, loose, blue in the subhymenial layer" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, branches, sticks, and twigs, in woods, and hedgerows. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2283. C. laeve (Pers.) Quel. (= Corticium evolvens Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 198, fig. 1, as Corticium radiosum~Fi. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3, figs. 23-24. Laeve, smooth. R. 2-20 cm., white, cream colour, flesh colour, or tan, effused, en- tirely adnate, or forming distinct, reflexed, strigose pileoli; margin white, silky, radiating, or becoming obtuse, reflexed. Hymenium cream colour, then pinkish ochre, or livid to brownish when old ; pale buff with a pinkish tinge or lilac tinge when dry, smooth, waxy, more or less undulate, sometimes coarsely tuberculate, and rarely Radulum- like, usually much cracked in an areolate manner when dry. Flesh pale, floccose, loose. Spores white, pyriform, or pip-shaped, usually slightly incurved at the base, 9-12 x 6-7-5 jit, often slightly punctate; "basidia 25-40-90 x 5-5-9 /u, with 2-4-sterigmata. Hyphae thin walled, hyaline, 2-3-6/u. in diam., with clamp connections, parallel at the base, then ascending in a loose trama" Bourd. & Galz. Trunks, logs, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2284. C. roseum (Pers.) Fr. (= Corticium roseolum Massee sec. Wakef . in litt.) Roseum, rose-coloured. R. 2-12 cm., rose colour, effused, adnate; margin white, byssoid, fringed. Hymenium rose pink, becoming pallid, or pale ochraceous with a pink tinge when dry, pruinose, at length rimosely cracked. Flesh pale, floccose, loose. Spores "white, sometimes tinged rosy, oboval, 8-12-16-5 x 6-9-10/z; basidia at first bladder-shaped, sunk in the simple, or branched paraphysoid hyphae, then normal, 28- 45 x 6-10/Lt, with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 6-8/1, long. Hyphae with K. B. B. 43 674 COBTICIUM slightly thickened walls, 2-4-5/t in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and fallen branches. Oct. April. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2285. C. bombycinum (Sommerf.) Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 139. Bombycinum, silky. R. 2-5 cm., white, then cream colour, or pale alutaceous, effused, separable, smooth, or slightly rough; margin pubescent, floccose, rarely fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or rough, pulveru- lent under a lens. Flesh membranaceous, fairly thick, floccose. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or ovate, somewhat irregular, 9-12 x G-Sfi, 1-guttulate; basidia cylindrical, 21-34-45 x 4-6-9 p, with 2^-sterig- mata, 6-8/u, long. Hyphae rather thick walled', 4-6/x in diam., branched, frequently septate, with clamp connections. Trunks of living pollarded willows. Oct. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2286. C. vellereum Ellis & Cragin. (= Corticium chlamydosporium Burt; Corticium Bresadolae Bourd.) Vellereum, woolly. R. 2-10 cm., white, cream, or tinged buff pink, widely effused, ad- nate; margin white, silky, radiating. Hymenium waxy-white, cream, or tinged buff pink, not changing when dried, smooth, pulverulent. Flesh concolorous, or pale, waxy, floccose, loose, thick. Spores white, subglobose, or broadly elliptical, apiculate at the base, 5-6 x 5p, or 5-9 x 5-7-5/i, 1-guttulate; basidia 18-30-54 x 5-7-5/n, with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 3-5 /u, long. Basal hyphae very loosely interwoven, sparingly branched, thin walled, 2-7 ft in diam., with clamp con- nections. On bark, and felled elm trunks. Nov. Feb. Not un- common, (v.v.) 2. Receptacle fleshy-membranaceous, then rigid and fragile, thick, often reflexed, and Stereum-like. Hymenium tuberculose and radially crested. 2287. C. subcostatum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Stereum subcostatum Karst. ; Radulum pendulum Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Quel. Ass. Fr. (1882), t. xi, fig. 16, as Stereum album Quel. Sub, somewhat; costatum, ribbed. R. 3-12 cm., cream, or cream chamois colour, resupinate, or reflexed, villose, or strigose on the outside; margin torn, fibrillose, or ciliate. Hymenium concolorous, becoming chamois, pinkish, or reddish when dried, tubercular in the centre, radially rugose, and wrinkled towards the margin, finally deeply cracked. Flesh white, fleshy membrana- ceous, then firm, fibrillose, brittle. Spores white, "oblong sub- cylindric, slightly depressed on the side, 56-8-5 x 2-75-4ft, contents homogeneous; basidia 12-25-45 x 3-4- 7 ft, with 2-4 straight sterig- mata, 4-4-5/x long. Hyphae thin walled, 2-4ju in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Dead branches of alder, birch, and pine. Oct. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) COBTICIUM 675 3. Receptacle waxy-membranaceous. Hyphae thin walled, distinct, soon agglutinated and collapsed. 2288. C. lacteum Fr. Lacteum, milk white. R. 5-15 cm., milk white, effused, pruinose, laxly fibrillose beneath; margin fibrillose. Hymenium deeper coloured, waxy, often rugulose, or reticulately veined like a Merulius when moist. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, waxy, thin. Spores white, "oboval, 4-5-7 x 2-5-6 /z, 1-2-guttulate, or contents granular; basidia 20-36 x 4-6 fj,, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 5-6 JJL long. Hyphae thin walled, subhymenial, 2-5-3ju- in diam., the basal 5-8/jt in diam., with rather infrequent clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Trunks and fallen branches. Oct. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2289. C. Wakefieldiae Bres. Miss E. M. Wakefield, the well-known Kew mycologist. R. 2-6 cm., whitish, then isabelline, broadly effused ; margin pallid, pruinose, subfimbriate. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, at length widely cracked. Flesh membranaceous, soft. Mycelium white, prui- nose. Spores hyaline, 6-8 x 5-6 p; basidia collapsed forming an in- distinct layer. Hyphae very distinct, 4-7-9 /u, in diam., septate with clamp connections. Ground and wood. Rare. 2290. C. fuciforme (Berk.) Wakef. (= Isaria fuciformis Berk.; Hy- pochnus fuciformis McAlp.) <jf>0o?, sea-weed ; forma, shape. R. 1-5 cm., pale, or bright rose colour, effused, incrusting, forming small patches here and there. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Flesh concolorous, subgelatinous, thin. Spores white, pip-shaped, depressed on one side, apiculate, 11-12-5 x 5-6 /A; basidia slightly tinged pink, clavate, 5-5-7 /z in diam., with 2-4 stout curved sterigmata. Hyphae tinged pink, with clamp connections, thin walled and rather vacuolate, 2-4/x in diam. Leaves and stalks of grasses. Aug. Uncommon, (v.v) 4. Receptacle pelliculose, or arachnoid, slightly adnate to the sub- stratum. Trama loose, consisting of thin walled, distinct hyphae, 2-6/A in diam. Basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. 2291. C. Galzinii Bourd. A. Galzin. R. 3-10 cm., whitish, with a more or less glaucous, or yellowish green tint, effused, forming a delicate pellicle, loosely adherent to the sub- stratum, smooth, or porous ; margin byssoid. Hymenium concolorous, loose, and pulverulent under a lens. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, arachnoid. Spores white, obovate, or narrowly cylindrical, pointed at the base, 2^4 x 1-1 -5 /x; basidia borne in dense tufts, "candelabra" fashion, 7-9-14 x 3-4/A, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3-4/A long. Basal hyphae thin walled, 2-5 /A in diam., loosely interwoven, septate, 432 676 CORTICITJM with clamp connections. Conifer wood, cones, and on birch. Sept. March. Uncommon. 2292. C. arachnoideum Berk. (= Corticium centrifugum (Lev.) Bres.) apd'xvriy a spider's web; eZo9, like. R. 2-18 cm.>, white, greenish white, or greyish, effused, subadnate, arachnoid, more rarely continuous; margin delicately byssoid or arachnoid. Hymenium concolorous, loose, rarely continuous. Flesh concolorous, floccose, very thin. Spores white, oblong, obliquely apicu- late at the base, 5-7 x 3-4 p, "often cohering in 2-4; basidia clavate, 9-15-27 x 3-4-7 ft, with 2-4-sterigmata, 4-6/z long. Basal hyphae regular, thin- or slightly thick-walled, clamp connections sparse, 3-8 /A in diam.; subhymenial hyphae 2-3-5/x. in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Stumps, logs, and fallen branches. Oct. March. Not un- common, (v.v.) 2293. C. coprophilum Wakef. /COTT/OO?, dung; $1X09, loving. R. 1-2 cm., greyish white, effused, arachnoid, easily separable. Hymenium concolorous, pulverulent. Flesh whitish, filamentous, very thin. Spores white, subglobose, apiculate at the base, 4/x, 1-guttulate; basidia with 3-6-sterigmata, 15-25 x 6/x, with 3-6 curved sterigmata, 2-5/z. long. Basal hyphae 3-5-4/z in diam., scarcely nodose-septate. Horse dung and surrounding grass culms. July Aug. Uncommon. 2294. C. microsporum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz. fjuicpo<$, small; (nropd, seed. R. 3-6 cm., milk white, or cream colour, irregularly effused, pellicu- lose; margin white, pruinose, or fibrillose. Hymenium cream, with sometimes a faint pinkish tinge, often imperfect, or cracked. Flesh white, delicate, very thin, fragile. Spores white, subglobose, 2/z, or 3 x 2/x, often with a small oil drop; basidia 12-15(-18) x 3-4(-5)/^t, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3-4/u, long. Basal hyphae 3-5^t, with clamp connections, sometimes incrusted with crystals. Stumps and branches. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 2295. C. croceum (Kunze) Bres. (= Sporotrichum croceum Kunze & Schmidt; Corticium sulphureum Fr.) rcpo/cos, saffron. R. 1-4 cm., white, becoming yellowish, effused, arachnoid, then sub- membranaceous, separable when fresh, adnate when dry; margin white or lemon yellow, arachnoid, running out into the bright yellow or saffron coloured, branched strands of the rhizomorphoid mycelium. Hymenium concolorous, pruinose or mealy. Flesh concolorous, arach- noid, thin. Spores white, "subglobose or ovoid, 2-75-3-5 x 2-5-3 ;u; basidia 12-17 x 3-4-5/Lt. Hyphae thin walled, 2-3/x in diam., often verrucose or rough with small crystals" Bourd. & Galz. Fallen sticks, etc. Oct. Jan. "Not uncommon" Berk. CORTICIUM 677 2296. C. atrovirens Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 16. Ater, black; virens, green. R. 2-6 cm., Hue, greenish blue, or dark greenish, irregularly effused, floccoso-fibrillose, or arachnoid, seated on a concolorous, profuse, mycelium. Hymenium paler, or tinged with yellow, submembrana- ceous. Flesh concolorous, arachnoid, thin. Spores greenish, or bluish, subglobose, 3-5-4/x, in diam. ; basidia clavate, 18-20 x 5-6 fj,, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4|u, long. Hyphae greenish blue, 2-4/u, in diam., thin walled, without clamp connections. Bark and fallen branches. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 5. Receptacle dry, subpelliculose, crustaceous, or pruinose, adnate. Basidia truncate at the apex, with 4-6, or 6-8-sterigmata. 2297. C. niveo-cremeum von Hoehn. & Litsch. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 71. Niveus, snow white ; cremeum, cream colour. R. 25 cm., greyish white to cream colour, effused, indeterminate, closely adnate, dry. Hymenium concolorous, waxy, slightly granular in places, very minutely and abundantly cracked when dry, giving a characteristic appearance under a lens, the cracks being bridged by numerous, fine, byssoid strands of the subiculum. Flesh concolorous, byssoid, very thin. Spores white, cylindric-ellipsoid, or slightly in- curved and boat-shaped, 6-7 x 3-4 /A, occasional spores up to 10 x 5/z; basidia 12-18(-30) x 4-5-7 /x, truncate above, with 4-6-8 straight sterigmata, 4-5jU, long. Basal hyphae thin walled, 4-5/A in diam., in- distinct, branched, septate, with clamp connections. Rotten wood. Nov. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 6. Receptacle dry, chalky, or pubescent, adnate. Trama distinct. Basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. 2298. C. Sambuci (Pers.) Fr. (= Corticium serum (Pers.) Quel.; Peniophora Chrysanthemi Plowr. sec. Wakef. in litt.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 242, as Thelephora Sambuci Pers. Sambuci, of elder. R. 218 cm., pure snow white, or chalk white, becoming yellowish when dried, effused, subinnate, incrusting, chalky, collapsing and more or less powdery when dry. Hymenium concolorous, granular, pruinose. Flesh white, crustaceous, very thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, appearing almost globose under a low magnification, with a small lateral apiculus, 3-6 x 3-5 p, often 1-guttulate; basidia 15-22 x 3'5-5-5jii, accompanied by fusoid sterile basidia (cystidioles) often expanded into a knob at the apex, and incrusted with tiny crystals. Hyphae thin walled, 2-3-5(-4-5)|u, in diam., loosely interwoven, with clamp connections, and sometimes with scattered minute crystals adhering to the outer walls. Stumps, rotten branches, logs and old herbaceous stems. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 678 CORTICIUM 2299. C. trigonospermum Bres. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3, figs. 3-5. Tpiywvos, triangular; a-jrep^a, seed. R. 25 cm., chalk white, or becoming slightly tinged with cream colour, irregularly effused, chalky, pulverulent; margin arachnoid, fugacious. Hymenium concolorous, granular, or mealy under a lens. Flesh white, crustaceous, thin, loose, fragile. Spores white, subtriangular, angles rounded viewed laterally, in profile more or less elliptical, flattened on the inner side, and swollen towards the base on the outer side, 4-5-6 /u,; basidia 16-25 x 4-6 /n, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 2-3-5 p long. Basal hyphae thin walled, 2-5-4/A in diam., with clamp con- nections, and sometimes slightly incrusted with minute crystals. Pine bark and on the ground. Sept. Nov. Rare. 7. Hymenium consisting of more or less crowded, granular tufts, seated on an arachnoid subiculum. Mould-like rather than pellicu- lose, or submembranaceous. Hyphae yellowish, 6-15/i in diam., branching at right angles. Basidia large, in clusters. *Hyphae without clamp connections. 2300. C. vagum Berk. & Curt. (== Corticium vagum Berk. & Curt. var. Solani Burt; Hypochnus Solani Prill. & Del.; Corticium Solani Prill. & Del.; Corticium botryosum Bres.; Rhizoctonia Solani Kiihn.) Vagum, wandering. R. 5-15 cm., pale olive buff to cream colour, effused, arachnoid, thin, perforate membrane more or less separable. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Flesh brownish, or hyaline, arachnoid, filamentous, loose. Spores white, "elliptic oblong, or navicular, flattened on one side, 8-14 x 4-6 /x; basidia not forming a compact hymenium, 10-20 x 7 '51 1//., with 4-6-sterigmata, 6 10/z long, more or less swollen towards the basidium. Basal hyphae slightly brownish, hyaline elsewhere, 6-10/z in diam., branches smaller, not incrusted, septate, without clamp connections" Burt. Bark, wood, herbaceous plants, and bare soil. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) C. botryosum Bres. = Corticium vagum Berk. & Curt. 2301. C. flavescens (Bon.) Massee. (= Hypochnus fiavescens Bon.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 318. Flavescens, becoming yellow. R. 3-10 cm., whitish to dirty buff, irregularly effused, thin, pulveru- lent, with the habit of C. vagum. Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh hyaline, or yellowish, filamentous, loose. Spores yellowish, somewhat lemon-shaped, apiculate at either end, flattened on the inner side, 15-17 x 7-9 fji (mostly 15 x 8/z). Basidia oblong, or clavate, 20-30 x 12-13/it, with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 8/u, long. Basal hyphae hyaline, or yellowish, septate, without clamp connections, branched at right angles, loosely interwoven. Rotten wood. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) CORTICIUM 679 **Hyphae with stout clamp connections at the septa. 2302. C. subcoronatum von Hoehn. & Litsch. Sub, somewhat; coronatum, crowned. R. 3-10 cm., white, then cream colour, ochraceous, or pale greenish, tinged with brown when bruised, effused, arachnoid, or slightly mem- branaceous, loosely adnate; margin similar, or minutely reticulated. Hymenium concolorous, loose. Flesh pale, or yellowish, arachnoid, filamentous, loose. Spores white, "almond-shaped, or subnavicular, rarely fusiform, 5-9 x 2-5-4-5/A; basidia 12-18-30 x 5-9 p, with 4-6- sterigmata, 3-5/z long. Hyphae thin walled, 4-14jn in diam., with numerous, stout clamp connections " Bourd. & Galz. Rotten wood, and fallen branches. Sept. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 8. Receptacle waxy, dry. Trama indistinct. Spores clavate, fusiform, almond-shaped, or boat-shaped. G-enerally growing on dead, her- baceous plants. 2303. C. aurora Berk. Aurora, the dawn. R. 3-5 cm., rose colour, becoming pallid, effused, adnate, indeter- minate, waxy, then subpruinose. Hymenium concolorous, waxy, smooth. Flesh spongy, very thin. Spores white, "subclavate, at- tenuated at the base, generally slightly curved, 12-16 x 3-4-5/i, 2-3- guttulate; basidia 24-36 x 12-16/A, with 4 straight sterigmata, 4/z, long" Bourd. & Galz. Dead leaves of Carex, and stems of Juncus. Feb. Rare. 2304. C. Pearsonii Bourd. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vn, text-fig, i. p. 51. A. A. Pearson, the well-known British mycologist. R. 2-10 cm., greyish, adnate, hiding in the crevices of rotten wood. Hymenium concolorous, soon furfuraceous and granular, always beauti- fully reticulated with white crustaceous lines when dry, consisting of basidia and equally long sterile hyphae. Flesh very thin, 20-50/u, thick. Spores hyaline, narrowly clavate, laterally depressed, or sub- arcuate, 4-5-6 x l-5-2(-2-5)/u,; basidia obovate, 9-15 x 5-6 fju, with 2-4-sterigmata, up to 6/i long and at length curved. Hyphae hyaline, closely interwoven, rarely distinct, 2-2-5ju, in diam., thin walled, clamp connections sparse. Cracks of a rotten pine trunk. Sept. Oct. Rare. 9. Receptacle waxy, delicate, closely adnate. 2305. C. confluens Fr. (? = Radulum molare Fr. sec. Bourd. & Galz.) Confiuens, running together. R. 18 cm., whitish, effused, indeterminate, agglutinated', margin white, mealy. Hymenium hyaline, white when dry, smooth. Flesh whitish, submembranaceous, thin, loose. Spores white, broadly ellip- tical, or subglobose, 8-10 x 8-9 /z, with a large central gutta, or con- tents granular or cloudy; "basidia 20-50-80 x 6-12 /A, with 2-4- 680 CORTICIUM sterigmata, 5-9/u, long. Hyphae thin walled, 2-3-5/x in diam., with scattered clamp connections; superior hyphae dense, flexuose, co- herent and collapsing" Bourd. & Galz. Stumps, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2306. C. lividmn (Pers.) Fr. (= Grandinia ocellata Fr. sec. Bres.) Lividum, black and blue. R. 213 cm., bluish grey, hyaline grey, then tinged reddish, or bluish, widely effused, agglutinated; margin similar, or white fimbriate and fugacious. Hymeniurn concolorous, subviscid when moist, pruinose, smooth, tubercular, or radiately wrinkled. Flesh paler, subgelatinous, then horny, dense. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 3-5-5 x 2-3/z,, or "elongate oblong, depressed on one side, 4-5 x 1-5-1-75/z,; basidia 15-25-34 x 3-4-5/-1, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3fi long. Basal hyphae thick walled, gelatinous, 3-5/u, in diam., clamp connections rare; superior hyphae 2-3 /u, in diam., rarely distinct" Bourd. & Galz. Dead birch, and elm. Oct. June. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2307. C. seriate Fr. Seriale, in series. R. 5-10 cm., pale tan, isabelline, or greenish, becoming ochraceous, tawny, brick red, chocolate, greenish cinereous, or bluish vinous, more rarely livid brown when dry, longitudinally effused, agglutinated, often in series, waxy, rarely shining when dry; margin white, narrow, pubescent. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or papillose, pruinose, very much cracked when dry. Flesh waxy, rigid, dense. Spores white, "narrowly oblong, depressed on the side, 4-7 x 2-5-3 /i; basidia 15- 21 x 3-4-5/*, without cystidioles, or 12-27-40 x 3-4-5/n, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 5-7 /x long, and accompanied with numerous fusiform, or subulate cystidioles, 3-4-5/u, in diam., and projecting 10-35 /it. Hyphae more or less agglutinated, with walls thin or slightly thickened, 2-5 /a in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Pine wood. Rare. 2308. C. ochraceum (Fr.) Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 170, fig. 1. 0)^/309, pale. R. 3-10 cm., pale, or cream colour, then ochraceous, broadly effused, very adnate, waxy; margin white, pruinose, soon similar. Hymenium concolorous, papillose or tubercular, very much cracked when dry. Flesh white, waxy, then firm, agglutinated, thick. Spores white, elliptical, apiculate at the base, 5-6 x 3-4 /u,; "basidia 30-45 x 4-7 p, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 3-^4/x, long. Hyphae with thin or slightly thick- ened walls, 3-3-5 fj. in diam., agglutinated, distinct only at the base" Bourd. & Galz. Conifer trunks, and logs. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (v.v.) CORTICIUM 681 II. Hymenium homogeneous, regular, consisting of basidia only. Hyphae occasionally septate, with either normal clamp con- nections, or with clamp connections two to three times larger than the normal, and tuberosely swollen at the septa. Growing in humus and on very decayed wood and rubbish. 2309. C. confine Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3, figs. 12-14. Confine, nearly related. R. 310 cm., snow white, becoming yellowish, superficially like Gran- dinia farinacea, widely effused, arachnoid ; margin white, byssoid, somewhat radiating, gradually attenuated. Hymenium white, be- coming cream colour, or ochraceous, granular, like a Grandinia, granules waxy, crowded when fresh, shrinking away from one another, and revealing the white subiculum when dry. Flesh white, fibrillose, loose. Spores white, sub globose, pointed at the base, 3-4 x 2-3 p, usually 1-guttulate; basidia 9-15 x 3-5 /A, with 2-4 straight, or slightly curved sterigmata, 2-4ju, long. Basal hyphae 2-4/A in diam., with clamp connections, and often swollen at the septa. Mycelium often forming fine branching cord-like strands beneath the bark. Rotten wood, bark, and twigs. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) III. Hymenium heterogeneous, irregular, consisting of basidia origina- ting at the base of the trama, and surrounded by sterile, undiffer- entiated, mycelial branches. 2310. C. comedens (Nees) Fr. (= Vuilleminia comedens (Nees) R. Maire; Radulum botrytes Fr. sec. Quel. ; ? Corticium Carlylei Massee sec. Wakef. in litt.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3, fig. 25. Comedens, eating away. R. 1-13 cm., flesh colour, or dingy lilac, becoming pale, erumpent, effused, innate, growing under the bark, inseparable, slightly viscid when moist. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, even. Flesh paler, subgelatinous, then rigid, firm. Spores white, sausage-shaped, curved, 15-22 x 6-7 jit, 2-4-guttulate. "Basidia scattered, very long, 9-12/u,in diam., with 2-4 curved sterigmata, 8-10 x 3^" Bourd. & Galz. Dead branches, and felled trunks, especially oak. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) IV. Doubtful British species insufficiently described. 2311. C. nigrescens (Schrad.) Fr. (? = Radulum aterrimum Fr. sec. Quel.; Corticium comedens (Nees) Fr. discoloured sec. Wakef. in litt.) Nigrescens, becoming black. R. 2-7-5 cm., yellowish, erumpent, effused, interrupted, agglutinated, inseparable; margin indeterminate. Hymenium yellowish, becoming blackish, spuriously papillose, waxy, pruinose. Flesh waxy, very thin. Spores white, " cyh'ndric-oblong, obtuse at both ends, curved, 18-20 x 5-6 ju," Massee. Dead oak and beech branches, growing beneath the bark. Rare. 682 CORTICIUM 2312. C. populinum (Sommerf.) Fr. Populinum, pertaining to poplars. R. 1-3 cm., cinereous ferruginous, effused, tubercular, soon confluent, at length involute, marginate, white tomentose beneath. Hymenium ferruginous, uneven. Flesh soft, thin. Spores "white, subglobose, 7-8 /JL" Massee. Poplars. Rare. 2313. C. foetidum B. & Br. Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour, xxvn, t. 6, fig. 3. Foetidum, stinking. R. 630 mm., white, then ochraceous, effused, crustaceous, arachnoid beneath. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Flesh crustaceous, thin. Spores white, "elliptical, 7 x 4/x," Massee. Smell very foetid when fresh. Sawdust. Rare. 2314. C. flaveolum Massee. Flaveolum, yellowish. R. 5-7-5 cm., clear pale primrose yellow, effused, loosely attached to the matrix; margin determinate. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Flesh membranaceous, thin. Spores white, cylindric-eUipsoid, obtuse at both ends, 7 x 5/n. Trunk of tree fern in a conservatory. Rare. 2315. C. anthochroum (Pers.) Fr. (= Hypochnus anthochrous (Pers.) Quel.) avdos, a flower; %/3o>9, colour. R. 315 cm., bright rose colour, or brick red, becoming pale, broadly effused; margin white, byssoid, pruinose. Hymenium concolorous, waxy, sometimes cracked when dry, usually sterile and minutely velvety. Flesh membranaceous, very thin. Spores white, "elliptical, 11-13 x 8-9 p" Massee, "ovoid, globose, 5/u, with a large central gutta" Quel. Sycamore and birch sticks. Feb. Rare. 2316. C. molle Fr. Molk, soft. R. 2-9 cm., pale, or flesh colour, more or less spotted with red, effused, subrotund, easily separable, villose underneath; margin naked. Hy- menium concolorous, waxy, papillose, cracked when dry. Flesh mem- branaceous, floccose, loose, soft, thick. Spores white, "cylindric ellipsoid, obtuse at both ends, 7 x 5/u," Massee. Pine trunks and bark. Rare. 2317. C. strigosum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. var. filamentosum W. G. Sm. (= Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. sec: Wakef. in litt.) Strigosum, lean. R. web-like, filamentous, string-like, dull yellowish, externally pul- verulent. Amaryllis. C. echinosporum Ellis = Hypochnus echinosporus (Ellis) Burt. C. sulphureum (Pers.) Bres. = Hypochnus t'umosus Fr. C. amorphum (Pers.) Fr. = Aleurodiscus amorphus (Pers.) Rabenh. C. evolvens Fr. = Corticium laeve (Pers.) Quel. C. Typhae (Pers.) Fr. = Epithele Typhae (Pers.) Pat. CORTICIUM 683 C.fastidiosum (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. = Cristella cristata (Pers.) Pat. C. salicinum Fr. = Cytidia rutilans (Pers.) Quel. C. citrinum (Pers.) Fr. = Corticium (Gloeocystidium) radiosum (Fr.) Rea. C. lacunosum B. & Br. = Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. C. flocculentum Fr. = Cytidia flocculenta (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. C. scutellare Berk. & Curt. "The British specimen so named by Berk. is different from the type " Wakef . in litt. C. roseolum Massee = Corticium roseum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Wakef. in litt. C. punctulatum Cke. = Corticium (Gloeocystidium) albostramineum (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. C. subalutaceum Karst. = Peniophora subalutacea (Karst.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. C. (Coniophora) byssoideum (Pers.) Fr. = Peniophora byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. C. sanguineum Fr. = Peniophora sanguinea (Fr.) Bres. C. velutinum (DC.) Fr. = Peniophora velutina (DC.) Cke. C. puberum Fr. = Peniophora pubera (Fr.) Sacc. C. Roumeguerii Bres. = Peniophora Molleriana (Bres.) Sacc. C. giganteum Fr. = Peniophora gigantea (Fr.) Massee. C. incarnatum (Pers.) Fr. = Peniophora incarnata (Pers.) Cke. C. nudum Fr. = Peniophora nuda (Fr.) Bres. C. maculaeforme Fr. = Peniophora nuda (Fr.) Bres. var. maculae- fonnis (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. C. wolaceo-lividum (Sommerf.) Fr. = Peniophora violaceo-livida (Sommerf.) Bres. ex Bourd. & Galz. C. Lycii (Pers.) Cke. = Peniophora caesia (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. C. cinereum Fr. = Peniophora cinerea (Fr.) Cke. C. laevigatum Fr. = Peniophora laevigata (Fr.) Massee. C. quercinum (Pers.) Fr. = Peniophora quercina (Pers.) Cke. C. limitatum Fr. = Peniophora limitata (Fr.) Cke. C. subdealbatum B. & Br. = Coniophora subdealbata (B. & Br.) Massee. C. Carlylei Massee = ? C. comedens (Nees) Fr. sec. Wakef. in litt. C. sphaerosporum (R. Maire) von Hoehn. & Litsch. = Hypochnus sphaerosporus R. Maire. C. submutabile von Hoehn. & Litsch. = Hypochnus submutabilis (von Hoehn. & Litsch.) Rea. Subgen. Gloeocystidium Karst. (7X0*09, sticky; KVO-TK, bladder.) Differs from Corticium in possessing gloeocystidia, generally im- mersed in the tissue, which resemble cystidia, but their walls are never thickened, nor incrusted with crystalline deposits. 684 CORTICITTM *Spores turning blue with iodine. 2318. C. (Gloeo.) porosum Berk. & Curt. (= Gloeocystidium stra- mineum Bres.) Tropo?, a pore. R. 1-8 cm., white, then cream colour, or straw colour, effused, adnate ; margin white, narrow, pruinose, or reticulately porous. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Flesh concolorous, subgelatinous, firm, dense. Spores white, elliptical, 4r-7 x 2-4/u,, generally 2-guttulate, the mem- brane turning deep violet blue with iodine ; basidia 12-18-28 x 3 6/u,, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4//, long. Gloeocystidia abundant, tapering to an obtuse, narrow apex, 15-150 x 6 14ju,, sometimes bifurcate, contents granular, yellowish, then resinous. Hyphae coherent, T5- 3fj, in diam. Fallen branches, and decorticated wood. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) **Spores not turning blue with iodine. 2319. C. (Gloeo.) polygonium (Pers.) Fr. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3, figs. 21-22. TToXvycoviov, with many angles. R. 3-80 mm.., flesh colour, or lilac, erumpent in small cushions, then confluent, and effused, very adnate, pruinose; margin white, or flesh colour, narrow, pruinose. Hymenium concolorous, often reddish when dried, pruinose, soft. Flesh pale, subgrumous, waxy, then hard, and firm. Spores white, cylindrical, slightly curved, with a lateral apiculus, 8-13 x 3-4 /LI; basidia 45-55 x 6-8 fi. Gloeocystidia in- cluded, forming balloon-like, pear-shaped, or subglobose vesicular swellings, 20-30 ju. in diam. Basal hyphae hyaline, rather thick walled, 3-6ju, in diam., with clamp connections. Dead branches, especially poplar. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2320. C. (Gloeo.) roseo-cremeum Bres. Roseus, rose colour; cremeum, cream colour. R. 3-5 cm., pallid pink, or dull reddish when bruised, effused, waxy; margin white, pruinose, or pubescent. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or minutely porous, minutely atomate under a lens. Flesh pale, waxy membranaceous, soft. Spores white, cylindrical, straight, the inner side flattened, 8-11 x 3-4/x; basidia 22-45 x 4-7 /i, with 2-4-sterig- mata, 4-7 //, long. Paraphyses long, slender, blunt at the apex, 2-3 /A in diam. Gloeocystidia, when present, completely immersed in the tissue, cylindrical, wavy, 30-90 x 5-9/i, contents pale yellowish. Basal hyphae thin walled, 2-5-7 /x in diam., with occasional clamp connections. Rotten wood. Oct. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2321. C. (Gloeo.) praetermissum (Karst.) Bres. (= Peniophora praeter- missa Karst. ; Corticium tenue Pat.) Praetermissum, passed over. R. 1-6 cm., pure white, then yellowish, or greenish, widely effused, adnate, smooth; margin very thin, indeterminate, somewhat porous CORTICIUM 685 under a lens. Hymenium concolorous, becoming cream colour with age, or when dried. Flesh pale, waxy, soft, loose. Spores white, elliptical to cylindric ellipsoid, slightly curved, or flattened on the one side, 7-12 x 3-5-6-5/Li; basidia 18-38 x 6-11/t, with 2-4 rather straight sterigmata, 4-5 x 1/i. Gloeocystidia cylindrical, subfusiform, or ven- tricose, 21-150 x 4-5-21/u, contents hyaline, or pale yellowish. Basal hyphae loosely interwoven, much branched, 2-5-7 /A in diam., with clamp connections. Bark, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common. (v.v.) 2322. C. (Gloeo.) lactescens Berk. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. rv, t. 3, figs. 6-8. Lactescens, turning to milk. R. 1-20 cm., whitish, or flesh colour, widely effused, agglutinated, adnate ; margin white, narrow, byssoid, pubescent. Hymenium white, then cream, tan, flesh colour, or greenish, and finally brownish pink, smooth, pruinose, cracked when dry. Flesh pale, waxy, fibrillose, rather thick, giving out a watery, milk white juice when wounded. Spores white, broadly elliptical, obtuse at both ends, with a lateral apiculus, 5-9 x 4-6 /A, contents densely granular; basidia 20-40 x 5-8/z. Gloeocystidia cylindrical, sometimes swollen at the base, 80- 600 x 4-9 fM, contents oily, and granular. Basal hyphae coherent, 1/u- in diam., other hyphae 1-3 /A in diam. Smell like that of Lactarius quietus. Dead oak, ash, and willow trunks, and branches. Sept. Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2323. C. (Gloeo.) radiosum (Fr.) Rea. (= Gloeocystidium alutaceum (Schrad.) Bourd. & Galz.; Corticium citrinum (Pers.) Fr. sec. Bres.) Radiosum, radiant. R. 3-10 cm., milk white, becoming yellowish, widely effused, closely adnate, waxy; margin white, broad, fibrillose, silky, radiating. Hy- menium milk white, or bright yellow when fresh, becoming cream, tan, or dingy ochraceous, very smooth. Flesh white, waxy, fibrillose, thin. Spores white, "subglobose, shortly apiculate at the base, 4-7 x 4-6 /x, sometimes rough; basidia 35-60 x 5-9 /*, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 4-6^, long. Gloeocystidia very thin- walled and hyaline, oboval, fusiform, or prolonged into a neck, often constricted in the middle, 60-150 x 8-27 /A, contents hyaline, not granular. Hyphae thin walled, 2-3 jit in diam., soon collapsing" Bourd. & Galz. Rotten wood. Oct. Feb. Uncommon. 2324. C. (Gloeo.) albostramineum (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hy- pochnus albostramineus Bres. ; Corticium punctulatum Cke. sec. Wakef. in litt.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. rv, t. 3, figs. 9-11. Albus, white; stramineum, straw colour. R. 3-6 cm., whitish, then deep cream or pale straw colour, widely effused, separable; margin similar, indeterminate, subreticulate, or 686 COBTICIUM. CRISTELLA fibrillose, thin. Hymenium concolorous, rather loose, pulverulent under a lens. Flesh whitish, floccose, loose, rather thick. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or subglobose, 7-9 x 6-8/u,, contents granular, thick walled ("finely granular, or rough, becoming smooth" Bourd. & Galz.); basidia 25-35-60 x 5-9 /x, with 2-4 slightly curved sterig- mata, 6-12/x long. Gloeocystidia erect, cylindrical, elongate, 45- 120 x 6-9 p, thin walled, contents staining rather deeply. Basal hyphae interwoven, 5-6//, in diam., much branched, with numerous clamp connections. Bark, fallen branches, especially pine. Sept. April. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2325. C. (Gloeo.) coroniferum von Hoehn. & Litsch. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 140. Corona, a crown ',fero, I bear. R. 3-5 cm., pure white, then cream, effused, easily separable as a delicate pellicle; margin indeterminate, gradually thinning out to a cobweb-like film. Hymenium concolorous, pulverulent. Flesh very thin, fragile. Spores white, narrowly elliptical, with an oblique basal apiculus, 4-5-6-8 x 2-3-5 /z; basidia cylindric-clavate, wavy, 3-5-4/u, in diam., when mature elongated and projecting from the hymenium, apex truncate, sterigmata 4-8, in British specimens usually 4, rather long. Gloeocystidia rare, sometimes wanting, cylindrical, obtuse, very thin walled, 45-50 x 5-6/z, contents more or less yellowish. Basal hyphae frequently septate, with clamp connections, 4-5 /u. in diam. Bark, and rotten wood, often spreading on to the surrounding soil. Sept. Jan. Uncommon. Gloeocystidium croceo-tingens Wakef. sec. Bres. in Ann. Mycol. xviu (1920), 48 = Sebacina (Bourdotia) Eyrei Wakef. Cristella Pat. (-Thelephora (Ehrh.) Fr. p.p.) (Cristella, a little crest.) Receptacle waxy, firm, effused, incrusting. Hymenium smooth, or tubercular. Spores white, ovoid, or oboval, echinulate; basidia cla- vate, with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on the ground, on wood, mosses, or dead herbaceous stems. 2326. C. cristata (Pers.) Pat. (= Thelephora fastidiosa (Pers.) Fr. ; Corticium fastidiosum (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz.) Pat. Essai tax. des Hymen, fig. 28. Cristata, crested. R. 5-30 cm., white, chalky in appearance, then becoming yellowish, widely effused, incrusting, shapeless, or forming irregular, flattened, confluent, lobed, or subulate branches, fringed, or laciniate at the apex. Hymenium concolorous, papillose, granular, or reticulately veined. Flesh white, fibrillosely floccose, thin. Spores white, echinulate, ovoid, or obovate, 5-9 x 3-5 /it; basidia clavate, 20-25 x 5-6 /M, with 2-4 slightly bent sterigmata, 4-6 /A long. Hyphae very thin walled, 1-5- PENIOPHORA 687 4-5/A in diam., sparingly septate, with clamp connections, and some- times swollen up to 6-12/x, in diam., often incrusted with crystals. Smell unpleasant, or slight, of garlic when quite fresh. On the ground, and running over sticks, dead leaves, twigs and herbaceous stems. Jan. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) Peniophora Cke. (Trrjviov, a shuttle; <^epa), I bear.) Eeceptacle waxy, coriaceous, cartilaginous, membranaceous, sub- membranaceous, floccose, or filamentous; resupinate, effused. Hy- menium waxy, floccose, or pulverulent; smooth, rarely tubercular. Spores white, rarely pink, or yellowish, elliptical, subelliptical, glo- bose, subglobose, oboval, clavate, subcylindrical, fusiform, oblong, needle-shaped, or sausage-shaped; smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterig- mata, sometimes accompanied by cystidioles. Cystidia hyaline, rarely coloured, fusiform, oboval, elliptical, subglobose, subulate, conical, acicular, filiform, cylindrical, clavate or capitate, sometimes septate, and with clamp connections, smooth, or incrusted with crystalline granules, generally thick walled, sometimes thin walled and then projecting, not immersed in the tissue. Growing on wood, more rarely on leaves, or on the ground. 1. Cystidia cylindrical, or conical, thick walled, not incrusted ex- ternally with crystalline deposits, often divided at the base into several roots. In Peniophora Aegerita and its allies the walls of the cystidia are more or less rugose, the central canal is narrow and not enlarged at the apex, and the trama is poor or indistinct. In Peniophora glebulosa and its allies the cystidia are very thick walled, vitreous, with a capillary canal always more or less abruptly dilated at the apex and with thinner walls. 2327. P. Aegerita von Hoehn. & Litsch. Beit, zur Kennt. der Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. Bd. cxvi (1907), 813, and reprint 75, text-fig. 7. Aegerita, a genus of fungi, with which this species is always associated. R. 1-5 cm., white to alutaceous, effused, adnate. Hymenium con- color ous, finely bristling with the cystidia under a lens, and porous. Flesh white, submembranaceous, very thin. Spores white, broadly ellip- tical, or subglobose, 6-9 x 5-6 ju,, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 24- 30 x 7-8 //,, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 4-6 /A long. Cystidia arising from the basal hyphae, cylindrical, or slightly swollen below, apex blunt, 42-100 x 6-12//,, thick walled, rugose throughout their length. Hyphae thin walled, 3-4-5ju, in diam., soon collapsing. Rotten sticks, and fallen branches, generally in association with Aegerita Candida Pers. Sept. April. Uncommon, (v.v.) 688 PENIOPHORA 2328. P. glebulosa (Fr.) Bres. (= Thelephora calcea Fr. var. gkbulosa Fr.) Bres. Fung. Trid. n, 1. 170, fig. 2. Gkbulosa, full of little clods. R. 2-5 cm., cream colour, dirty white, or greyish, effused, closely adnate ; margin mealy, or similar. Hymenium concolorous, pubescent with the cystidia, cracked into small irregular areas when dry. Flesh pale, membranaceous, floccose, rather thick, dense. Spores white, narrowly cylindrical, curved, 7-9-5 x 1-5-2 /LI; basidia 5-15 x 3-4 /A, with 4-sterigmata, about 4/A long. Cystidia cylindrical to conical, 70-160 x 6-1 2 /a, obtuse, or pointed, sometimes subventricose at the base, often forked below, some sunken, and some projecting 90 p, above the hymenium, springing from the basal hyphae, thick walled, smooth, or slightly incrusted in the upper portion. Hyphae thin walled, 1 3/x in diam., very closely interwoven and scarcely distinct. Wood, and bark. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. subulata Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs. p. 72. Subulata, awl-shaped. Differs from the type in the hymenium not cracking into small irregular areas when dry, and in the more acute, or subulate cystidia. On wood. Nov. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2329. P. accedens Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text- figs, p. 140. Accedens, approaching. R. 12 cm., whitish, or greyish, irregularly effused, spot-like, filmy. Hymenium concolorous, becoming cracked when dry, setulose, glisten- ing with the cystidia under a lens. Flesh very thin, scarcely per- ceptible. Spores white, elliptical, with a lateral apiculus, 4-5 x 3- 3-5/>i, often 1-guttulate; basidia 9-15 x 4-4-5/Li, with 2 4-sterigmata, 3-3-5/x, long. Cystidia filiform, or linear, 50-60 x 4/u,, dilated at the apex into a globose head, 10-11 {j, in diam., thick walled. Hyphae in- distinct, 1-5-2/Lt in diam. Rotten wood. Nov. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 2330. P. subalutacea (Karst.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Corticium subalutaceum Karst.) Sub, somewhat ; alutacea, tanned leather. R. 2-5 cm., dirty white, or greyish, with a slight ochraceous tinge, widely effused, adnate; margin very narrow, pruinose, or similar. Hymenium concolorous, loose, rather rough under a lens, with slight, irregularly scattered thickenings of the tissue (hardly granules). Spores white, narrowly cylindrical, slightly curved, 5-9 x 1-5-2-5/n; basidia 10-24 x 3-5/i, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 4-5/x- long. Cys- tidia cylindrical, slightly attenuated at the base, 95-150 x 5-7 p, pro- jecting 60 IJL or more above the hymenium, smooth, thin walled and thinner at the rounded apex, often 1-2-septate. Basal hyphae much branched, wavy, rather rigid, thick walled, 2-3/n in diam., with clamp connections. Wood, and fallen branches of conifers. Sept. Oct. Un- PENIOPHOBA 689 2. Trama always distinct. Cystidia long, arising from the basal hyphae and more or less similar, narrowly clavate, fusiform, or swollen into a ball at the apex or at the septa, often septate with, or without, clamp connections. The membranes are readily stained by a weak alkaline solution of eosin. Spores subglobose, oboval, or fusiform. 2331. P. pallidula Bres. ex Bourd. & Galz. (= Gonatobotrys pallidula Bres.) Beit, zur Kennt. der Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch. Wien, Math.-Nat. Kl. Bd. cxvi (1907), 827, and reprint 89, text-fig. 12, as Gloeocystidium oleosum von Hoehn. & Litsch. Pallidula, palish. R. 1-6 cm., pallid, yellowish cream colour, or clay, regularly effused, or interrupted, Hypochnus-like ; margin similar, rarely pruinose. Hy- menium concolorous, pubescent, often granular, unequal. Flesh pale, filamentous, very thin. Spores white, oval, or subglobose, apiculate at the base, 4-6 x 3-4 /z, often with a large central gutta; basidia 12-21 x 4jM, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4/z, long. Cystidia cylindrical, 40-120 x 4-6ju, 1-4-septate, often constricted at the septa, or swollen, often incrusted. Hyphae thin walled, 2-4ju, in diam., with scattered clamp connections. Rotten wood, dead branches, and fallen leaves. Oct. March. Common, (v.v.) 2332. P. detritica Bourd. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 319. Detritica, worn down. R. 1-2 cm., pure white, effused, with scattered granules suggesting a Grandinia. Hymenium concolorous, not continuous, appearing farinaceous under a lens. Flesh very thin, floccose, membranaceous. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or obovate, 5-6 x 4jn, 1-guttulate; basidia 12-15-24 x 4-4-5/i, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4^, long. Cystidia cylindrical, or narrowly club-shaped, apex obtuse, 70-90 x 5-6 /z, smooth, thin walled. Hyphae 2-4/x in diam., thin walled, septate, with clamp connections. Rotten wood. Feb. Rare. 2333. P. sphaerospora von Hoehn. & Litsch. Beit, zur Kennt. der Cort. in Sitzungsber. der k. Akad. d. Wissensch, Wien, Math.- Nat. Kl. Bd. cxv (1906), 1600, and reprint 52, text-fig. 5. (r<f>alpa, a ball; cnropd, seed. R. 1-5 cm., chalk white, broadly effused, firmly attached to the sub- stratum, -15--30 mm. thick. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or papillate, waxy when fresh, not cracked when dry; margin indeter- minate. Flesh concolorous, membranaceous, thin. Spores hyaline, globose, apiculate, 4-7 p,, smooth, 1-guttulate; basidia clavate, 25- 35 x 6-8 /A, with 4 long, subulate sterigmata. Cystidia abundant, cylindrical, apex usually narrowed, 35-85 x 5-8/z, thin walled, pro- jecting 10-40^1 above the hymenium. Hyphae 4-5 ft in diam., smooth, K. B. B. 44 690 PENIOPHORA thin walled, subnodulose, often anastomosing, with frequent clamp con- nections. Naked ground and fallen stick, probably alder. Nov. Rare. 2334. P. byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Corticium (Conio- phora) byssoideum (Pers.) Fr.; Coniophorella byssoidea (Pers.) Bres.; Corticium lacunosum B. & Br. ; Peniophora tomentella Bres.) ySuo-cro?, fine flax; et8o?, like. R. 1-6 cm., ochrey white, drying cream colour, to ''Naples yellow," widely effused, dry, arachnoid, separable; margin whitish, byssoid. Hymenium concolorous, even, tomentose, or pulverulent. Flesh yellowish, floccose, loose. Spores yellowish, sometimes nearly hyaline under the microscope, broadly elliptical, or pip-shaped, 4-4-5 x 2-5- 3-5/u,; basidia 12-25 x 4-5-5 /n, with 2-4-sterigmata, 2-5-3 /u, long. Cystidia yellowish, cylindrical, or narrowly fusiform, tapering, sharp pointed, 60-90 x 3-6 fj,, projecting 20-75/u. above the hymenium, thin walled, or slightly thickened, 1-4-septate, generally with clamp con- nections. Hyphae yellowish, thin walled, 2-5-4 /x, in diam., very loosely interwoven, with clamp connections. Rotten wood, fallen twigs, and leaves, especially in conifer woods. Sept. April. Notuncommon. (v.v.) 2335. P. longispora (Pat.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (== Hypochnus longi- sporus Pat.) Longus, long; o-Tropa, seed. R. 2-5 cm., whitish yellow, widely effused, thin, pubescent, then consisting of a membrane incompletely felted, scarcely adnate. Spores white, "fusiform, or acicular, straight, or slightly flexuose, 12-18 x 1-3 fj,, multi-guttulate ; basidia 1224 x 4-5 /x. Cystidia needle-shaped, sometimes bulbous at the base, 60-75 x 2-5-6/x, fairly thick walled, rough with crystals, projecting 30-45)u,. Hyphae rigid, 2-5-4^, in diam., walls slightly thickened, often verrucose, with clamp con- nections" Bourd. & Galz. Rotten, moist wood in cool places. Spring Winter. Rare. 3. Receptacle pelliculose, or membranaceous ; subiculum soft, more or less thick, fibrillose, and forming long, branched, rhizomorphoid strands. 2336. P. sanguinea (Fr.) Bres. (= Corticium sanguineum Fr.) Fr. Icon. t. 198, fig. 2, as Corticium sanguineum Fr. and Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. iv, t. 3, figs. 18-20. Sanguinea, blood coloured. R. 2-30 cm., blood red, effused, loosely adnate, arachnoid beneath ; margin blood red, byssoid, or fibrillose, running out, and connected with the spreading strands of the blood red, rhizomorphoid mycelium. Hymenium creamy white, or tinged with pink, rarely red, smooth, be- coming slightly cracked when dry. Flesh concolorous, membrana- ceous, floccose, loose, containing a red juice. Spores white, sub- elliptical, often with a curved apiculus, 5-6 x 2-4 /u; basidia 16-40 x 4-7 /LI. Cystidia sparse, cylindrical-fusiform, pointed, 40-60 x 4-7 p, PENIOPHORA 691 thin walled, smooth, rarely slightly incrusted. Basal hyphae with slightly thickened walls, 3-9 /i in diam., with rather few clamp con- nections ; subhymenial hyphae 3-4 /j. in diam. Dead wood, and fallen branches, especially of conifers. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2337. P. leprosa Bourd. & Galz. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 318. Leprosa, rough. R. 1-3 cm., white, then ochraceous, irregularly effused, crustaceous; margin white, indeterminate, occasionally prolonged into white rhizo- morphic strands. Hymenium pinkish ochraceous, somewhat cracked when dry, rough with cystidia under a lens. Flesh somewhat thick, fragile. Spores white, elliptical, 4-6 x 2-5-3 /A. Basidia inconspicuous, about 4/i in diam. Cystidia very rough, cylindrical to subfusiform, frequently occurring in clusters, so as to give an Odontia-like appear- ance, occasionally branched near the apex, 60-90 x 8-14/7,. Basal hyphae 3-4(-7)/u,, often strongly incrusted with crystals, clamp con- nections rare. Dead bark. April. Rare. 4. Receptacle membranaceous, fairly thick, easily separable when fresh. Cystidia often little differentiated from the cystidioles (sterile basidia) of Corticium, or scattered and unequally distributed. 2338. P. cremea Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. n, t. 73, fig. 2, as Corticium (Peniophora) cremeum Bres. Cremea, cream colour. R. 2-6 cm., white, cream to ochraceous, broadly effused, separable; margin white, arachnoid, then similar. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or here and there slightly tubercular, velvety, widely cracked when dry. Flesh white, membranaceous, soft, thin. Spores white, oblong, or cylindric ellipsoid, slightly curved, 4-8 x 2-4 jn; basidia 20-50 or more x 7/u, with 2-4-sterigmata, 3-4 p long. Cystidia cylindrical, or slightly elongated fusiform, tapering very gradually from the base to the blunt apex, 70-120 x 5-9 fj,, very thin walled, smooth, or slightly incrusted at the apex with easily detached crystals, usually projecting up to 60 jj, ; sometimes thicker walled, embedded cystidia are present, shorter than the projecting ones, fusiform, much incrusted, 40-60 x 9-10/i. Subhymenial hyphae loosely interwoven, much branched, rather rigid, thick walled, constricted at the septa so as to appear somewhat jointed, with no clamp connections, 5-6 fi in diam. Bark, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. Alleseheri (Bres.) Wakef. Bres. Fung. Trid. n, t. 72, as Corticium (Peniophora) Alleseheri Bres. A. Allescher. Differs from the type in its thicker subiculum, more sharply differen- tiated from the hymenium, and containing numerous, short, rough, thick walled cystidia. Bark. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 442 692 PENIOPHORA 2339. P. laevis (Fr.) Burt. Laevis, smooth. E. 1-3 cm., white, then cream coloured, broadly effused, not closely adnate; margin radiately fibrillose. Hymenium concolorous, more or less cracked when dry. Flesh concolorous, membranaceous, thin. Spores hyaline, elliptical oblong, 4-5-6 x 2-5-3-5^,, 1-guttulate; basidia very variable, 20-36 x 3-6/u, (most frequently 35 x 4-5/u), with 2-4-sterigmata, 4-6 />(, long. Cystidia fusoid, 40-90 x 4-7 /z, with- out incrustation, x 6-llja with incrustation, walls thin or slightly thickened. Hyphae regular with few, or no, clamp connections, thin walled; subhymenial hyphae 3-4 /A in diam.; basal hyphae up to 7-8/x, in diam. Birch bark. Nov. Eare. 2340. P. velutina (DC.) Cke. (= Corticium velutinum (DC.) Fr. ; Peniophora scotica Massee.) Grevillea, vm, t. 125, no. 15. Velutina, velvety. E. 3-15 cm., white, or whitish, broadly effused, adnate ; margin white, or flesh colour, running out into long, branching strands. Hy- menium concolorous, becoming flesh colour, or reddish when dried, minutely velvety. Flesh concolorous, soft, loose, fairly thick. Spores white, oblong, elliptical, apiculate at the base, 4-8 x 2-5-5 /A; basidia "20-32-50 x 4-7 ju. Cystidia fusiform, 30-140 x 6-9 p, generally thick walled, smooth, or incrusted with oxalate crystals (18/z in diam.), immersed in the tissue, or projecting. Basal hyphae more or less thick walled, 4-lOju, in diam., with few clamp connections; sub- hymenial hyphae thin walled, 3-4 //, in diam., soon collapsing" Bourd. & Galz. Wood, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2341. P. setigera (Fr.) Bres. (= Kneiffia setigera Fr.) Pat. Essai tax. des Hymen, fig. 45, as Corticium setigerum (Fr.) Karst. Setigera, having bristles. E. 2-10 cm., white, yellowish when dry, broadly effused, or indeter- minate, closely adnate, incrusting. Hymenium concolorous, papillose, beset with scattered, or fasciculate hyaline bristles, often very much cracked. Flesh concolorous, floccose, loose, thin. Spores white, "sub- cylindrical, slightly curved, 8-11-16 x 3-4-6 /i, contents granular, or 1-multi-guttulate; basidia 21-45 x 4-8 /i, with 7-8-sterigmata. Cys- tidia cylindrical, 75-250 x 7-15/x,, septate, with, or without, clamp connections, often incrusted with crystalline granules, immersed, or projecting. Basal hyphae distinct, thin walled, 2-4-8 /x, in diam., with clamp connections, medial and subhymenial hyphae soon collapsing, 2-3/t in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 5. Eeceptacle waxy, very adnate, pubescent, hispid, or guttulate under a lens. Cystidia abundant, strongly incrusted with crystalline granules. PENIOPHORA 693 2342. P.pubera(Fr.)Sacc. (=Corticiumpuberum~FT.) Bres. Fung. Trid. n, 1. 145, fig. 1, as Corticium puberum Fr. Pubera, grown up. R. 2-8 cm., white, becoming dirty yellowish, broadly effused, closely adnate, indeterminate ; margin mealy, soon similar. Hymenium con- color ous, smooth., at first velvety, then setulose, finally widely cracked. Flesh concolorous, waxy, thin. Spores white, subcylindrical, depressed on one side, 7-9 x 4-5 p; basidia "18-25-60 x 4-6 /A. Cystidia fusi- form or elongate conical, pointed, 30-90-150 x 6-12-35/j, thick walled, with separable incrustations. Basal hyphae sparse, thick walled, 4-6 /A in diam. ; medial and upper hyphae vertical, thin walled, 2-4 //, in diam., little distinct, with rare clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2343. P. Molleriana (Bres.) Sacc. (= Corticium Roumeguerii Bres.) Bres. Fung. Trid. n, 1. 144, fig. 1, as Corticium Roumeguerii Bres. A. F. Holler. R. 1-6 cm., cream to bright biscuit colour, broadly effused, closely adnate; margin white, abrupt, or narrow, and pruinose. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, dry, opaque, almost farinaceous, cracked when dry. Flesh whitish, waxy, soft, then rigid, porcelain-like, brittle. Spores white, elliptical, 3-5-5 x 2-2-5 JM; basidia clavate, 12-20-30 x 4 5/x, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 2-4 x -5ju.. Cystidia very abun- dant, mostly immersed in the tissue, fusiform, or conical, apex acute, 60-70 x 10/i, thick walled, much incrusted in the upper portion. Hyphae closely agglutinated, scarcely distinct, 2-2-5/A in diam. Fallen logs. May. Rare, (v.v.) 2344. P. hydnoides Cke. & Massee. (= Peniophora crystallina von Hoehn. & Litsch. ; Odontia conspersa Bres. ; Peniophora rimosa Cke. and Peniophora terrestris Massee sec. Wakef. in litt.) Massee, Linn. Soc. Bot. Jour, xxv, t. 47, figs. 15-16. vSvov, the genus Hydnum', elSos, like. R. 5-13 cm., whitish, or greyish, broadly effused, subinnate, inde- terminate, closely adnate, waxy, hyaline. Hymenium grey, often be- coming somewhat cream coloured, setulose, and finally cracked. Flesh thin, filamentous. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or subcylindrical, more or less depressed on one side, 4-5 x 1-5-2/Lt. Basidia clavate, 8-14 x 3-4jLt, with 4 straight sterigmata, 4-5 /x long. Cystidia hyaline, subconical, or fusiform, aggregated in clusters, 60-120 x 10-12^t, thick walled, strongly incrusted. Basal hyphae indistinct. Bark, and fallen branches. Sept. June. Common, (v.v.) 2345. P. gigantea (Fr.) Massee. (= Corticium giganteum Fr.; Penio- phora Crosslandii Massee sec. Wakef. in litt.) Fr. Icon. t. 197, fig. 3, as Corticium giganteum Fr. <yiya$, a giant. R. 3-30 cm., hyaline white, very broadly effused, swelling when moist, cartilaginous when dry; margin white, fibrillose, radiating, 694 PENIOPHOKA finally becoming free. Hymenium concolorous, often tinged broivnish or lilac when old, smooth, minutely velvety. Flesh whitish, waxy, then horny and parchment-like, thick, tough. Spores white, oblong, sub- cylindrical, attenuated at the base, 5-8 x 2-5-4 /LI, "basidia 12-18- 30 x 4-5/it. Cystidia fusiform, subulate, often contracted, 40-100 x 9-16/z,, very thick walled, apex often incrusted. Hyphae very thick walled, 4-7 //, in diam., with few clamp connections, subhymenial hyphae thin walled, 2-5-3^ in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Stumps, fallen branches, and needles of pines, rarely of other conifers. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 6. Receptacle at first waxy, becoming hard and rigid, closely adnate, sometimes contracting when dry and becoming free at the margin, or splitting and becoming inrolled along the cracks; varying in colour from orange or brick red, to cinereous grey or brownish bistre, passing through rose colour, purple, violaceous livid, etc. The cystidia often commence as gloeocystidia with granular con- tents which concentrate in vitreous or amber coloured masses, more or less rugose and split up, along the inside of the walls and incrust either the whole of the cystidium, or else only the upper portion, in the latter case the cystidium appears as if stipitate : the membrane of the cystidium is often torn and reabsorbed : other cystidia oboval in the basal hyphae, narrowly fusiform in the trama, have thick, smooth walls from the commencement. 2346. P. aurantiaca (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 144, fig. 2, as Corticium aurantiacum Bres. Aurantiaca, golden. R. 1-4 cm., orange, or vermilion, becoming paler or somewhat tan colour, effused, forming small round patches, then confluent; margin white, broad, radiating. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, pruinose. Flesh pale, waxy, firm, dense. Spores white, or slightly tinged with pink in the mass, broadly elliptical, 14-18 x 9-11 /A; basidia 55-90 x 12-15/z. Cystidia fusiform, 30-85 x 7-10/i, thick walled, incrusted. Hyphae irregular, dense, thin walled, 3-6 //,. Fallen branches, especially alder. Sept. Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2347. P. incarnata (Pers.) Cke. (= Corticium incarnatum (Pers.) Fr.) Incarnata, flesh colour. R. 3-13 cm., reddish, or orange, effused, agglutinated, adnate; margin white, narrow, byssoid, radiating, fugacious, often wanting. Hymenium concolorous, pruinose, sometimes undulato-papillose, and becoming cracked. Flesh slightly coloured, waxy, then rigid, firm. Spores white, subcylindrical, laterally depressed, 7-12 x 4-5/A, 3-4- guttulate; basidia 20-40 x 5-7 /z. Cystidia fusiform, or cylindrical, 25-60 x 6-15/z, thick walled, incrusted. Hyphae thin walled, 3-5/z in diam., basal hyphae coloured. Dead wood, and branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) PENIOPHORA 695 var. hydnoidea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Radulum laetum Fr.) vSvov, the genus Hydnum; elSos, like. Differs from the type in its Radulum-like hymenium, and sub- corticolous habit. Dead wood, and branches of hornbeam, more rarely on alder. Oct. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2348. P. nuda (Fr.) Bres. (= Corticium nudum Fr. ; ? Peniophora ochracea (Fr.) Mass. sec. Wakef. in litt.) Nuda, naked. R. -5-6 cm., hyaline livid, then rose colour or pale lilac, effused, con- fluent, adnate; margin similar, or narrow, pruinose. Hymenium con- colorous, becoming paler, pruinose, cracked when dry. Flesh brownish, waxy, then rigid, firm. Spores white, "cylindrical, incurved, 7-12 x 3-5 /z; basidia 15-27 x 4-7 ju. Cystidia hyaline, the basal ones oboval, or elliptical, 15-45 x (6-)15-19/i, the others more elongate, 45-50 x 6-8/u,, thin walled, contents granular, incrusting the walls, rugose, cracked. Hyphae little distinct, 3-5/u, in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and branches. Nov. April. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. maculaefonnis (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Corticium maculae- forme Fr.) Macula, a spot;/orma, shape. Differs from the type in commencing as very small spots, 1-2 mm. broad, which become confluent and effused, and in the lilac pruina on the reddish violet hymenium. Dead wood. Uncommon. 2349. P. violaceo-livida (Sommerf.) Bres. ex Bourd. & Galz. (= Cor- ticium violaceo-lividum (Sommerf.) Fr.) Violaceus, violet; lividum, black and blue. R. 2-12 cm., violaceous livid, then cinereous lilac, resupinate, round, tubercular, closely adnate. Hymenium concolorous, becoming paler, minutely pruinose, then cracked. Flesh discoloured, waxy, then rigid, fairly thick. Spores white, "cylindrical, slightly incurved, 9-12 x 3-4-5/n; basidia 20-26 x 6-8/1. Cystidia ovoid, or broadly fusiform, 24-45 x 12-21 p, thin walled, contents vitrified. Hyphae little dis- tinct, 2-t/i in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, and plum trees. Jan. April. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2350. P. caesia (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (=Corticium Lycii (Pers.) Cke.) Bres. Fung. Trid. n, t. 145, fig. 2, as Corticium caesium Bres. Caesia, bluish grey. R. 1-4 cm., bluish grey, greyish lilac, bluish cinereous, becoming paler or hoary, broadly effused, closely adnate; margin similar. Hy- menium concolorous, delicately pruinose, at length cracked. Flesh paler, subgrumous, thin. Spores white, sausage-shaped, or cylindrical and incurved, 8-11 x 3-4-5/u,; "basidia 25-32 x 4-6 p. Cystidia basal ones obovate, or globose, 5-18-32 x 3-14-24/i, hyaline, soon vitrified; the others cylindrical, or fusiform, and produced into a 696 PENIOPHORA neck. Hyphae indistinct" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, branches, and on Lycium and Syringa vulgaris. Nov. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2351. P. cinerea (Fr.) Cke. (=Corticiumcinereum~Fi.) Grevillea, vm, t. 123, no. 8. Cinerea, colour of ashes. R. 2-15 cm., lurid, cinereous grey, effused, confluent, agglutinated, closely adnate ; margin similar. Hymenium concolorous, minutely prui- nose. Flesh brownish, waxy, then rigid, firm, compact. Spores white, cylindrical, incurved, 6-10 x 3-4/z; "basidia 21-40- x 3-6-5/x. Cys- tidia the inferior ones brownish, oboval, clavate, or subfusiform, 20- 35-80 x 4-5-6-14/z, soon vitrified, central cavity tubular; the upper ones basidia-like. Hyphae rarely distinct, 3p, in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood, bark, and branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2352. P. laevigata (Fr.) Massee. (= Corticium laevigatum Fr.) Laevigata, made smooth. R. 1-3 cm., ferruginous cinnamon, becoming paler, effused, very adnate, indeterminate; margin at length free. Hymenium concolorous, pruinose, finally cracked. Flesh paler, firm, thin. Spores white, cylindrical, depressed on the side, 7-9 x 4-5/1,; basidia 25-30 x 4-5 /a. Cystidia brownish, or yellowish, fusiform, pointed, or obtuse, 30-50 x 6-9 JJL, thick walled, slightly incrusted. Hyphae sparse, 2-6/x in diam. Living yew trees, and junipers. Sept. April. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2353. P. quercina (Pers.) Cke. (= Corticium quercinum (Pers.) Fr.; ? Peniophora pezizoides Mass. sec. Wakef. in litt.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 142, as Thelephora quercina Pers. Quercina, pertaining to oak. R. 1-18 cm., flesh colour, or orange, then lilac, or greyish, and finally slate colour, effused, then cup-shaped and free, smooth and becoming black beneath; margin free, revolute. Flesh pale, or brownish, coria- ceous, thick, firm. Spores white, sausage-shaped, or cylindrical, often bent, 10-12 x 3-4/u.; basidia 30-40 x 5-7 /x. Cystidia clavate, or fusi- form, 50-70 x 5-12/z, thick walled, smooth, or rugose. Basal hyphae brown, walls more or less thickened, 3-4/x in diam. Fallen branches, especially oak. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2354. P. limitata (Fr.) Cke. (= Corticium limitatum Fr.) GreviUea, vm, t. 123, no. 7. Limitata, marked-off. R. 1-8 cm., lurid, becoming pale, subrotund, tubercular, soon con- fluent, closely adnate ; margin black. Hymenium ochraceous, minutely velvety, often finally cracked. Flesh grumous, then cartilaginous, rather thick. Spores white, "elliptic-oblong, with a minute basal apiculus, slightly curved, 20-22 x 6/u. Cystidia fusoid, 30-40 x 15- 20 fji, above the level of the hymenium" Massee. Bark, wood and broom. Rare. PENIOPHORA. CYTIDIA 697 7. Doubtful British species insufficiently described. 2355. P. phyllophila Massee. <f>v\\ov, a leaf; <tA.o9, loving. R. 2-11 cm., pallid, or cream colour, broadly effused; margin fibrillose, often indeterminate. Hymenium concolorous, continuous. Flesh membranaceous. Spores white, elliptical, 12 x 6/z. Cystidia fusoid or cylindrical with the apex sometimes thickened, 60-80 x 20-30/x above the level of the hymenium. Dead leaves. Rare. 2356. P. ochracea (Fr.) Massee. (=1 Peniophora nuda (Fr.) Bres. sec. Wakef. in litt.) o)^po<i, pale. R. 3-13 cm., ochraceous. broadly effused, inseparable; margin white, byssoid, radiating, soon disappearing. Hymenium concolorous, sprinkled with golden-glistening atoms, cracked when dry. Flesh soft, waxy. Spores white, "elliptical, 10 x 5 /A. Cystidia fusiform, 40- 50 x 20 /u, above the level of the hymenium" Massee. Wood and bark. Rare. P. scotica Massee = Peniophora velutina (DC.) Cke. sec. Wakef. P. rimosa Cke. = Peniophora hydnoides Cke. & Massee sec. Wakef. P. terrestris Massee = Peniophora hydnoides Cke. & Massee sec. Wakef. P. Crosslandii Massee = Peniophora gigantea (Fr.) Massee sec. Wakef. P. pezizoides Mass. = Peniophora quercina (Pers.) Cke. sec. Wakef. P. Chrysanthemi Plowr. = Corticium Sambuci (Pers.) Fr. sec. Wakef. 7. CYPHELLACEAE. Hymenium covering the whole of the interior of cup-shaped, urceolate, or cylindrical receptacles ; smooth or veined. Cytidia Quel. (= Auriculariopsis R. Maire). (/euro?, a hollow vessel.) Receptacle coriaceous-gelatinous, cup-shaped, sessile, scattered, crowded, or confluent. Hymenium smooth, becoming wrinkled, or veined. Spores white, or slightly coloured, boat-shaped, globose, or cylindrical, smooth ; basidia elongate, narrow, cylindrical with 4 thin, short sterigmata. Growing on wood. 2357. C. flocculenta (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (= Corticium floccu- Untum Fr.; Cyphella ampla (Lev.) Fr.; Auriculariopsis ampla (Lev.) R. Maire.) Flocculenta, woolly. R. 4-12 mm., cup-shaped, hood-shaped and inverted when dry, externally pale in colour, and tomentose. Hymenium fawn, or bright brown; margin white, at length wrinkled and veined. Flesh brownish, 698 CYTIDIA. CYPHELLA gelatinous, thin. Spores white, boat-shaped, 8-10 x 3-4 /i; basidia 30-36 x 4-5/A. Hyphae brown, gelatinous, thick walled, 4-6/A in diam. Twigs, and fallen branches. Oct. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2358. C. rutilans (Pers.) Quel. (= Corticium salicinum Fr.) Rutilans, being reddish. R. 1-10 cm., blood red, transparent, cup-shaped, then expanded, or confluent, adfixed by the centre, white villose on the outside, and delicately zoned. Hymenium red blood colour, or orange, even, naked, zoned. Flesh gelatinous, then horny, thin. Spores "hyaline, or slightly rosy, globose, 8p," Quel. Salix aurita, more rarely on poplar. Aug. Sept. Rare. Cyphella Fr. (Kv<j>e\\a, the hollow of the ear.) Receptacle waxy, membranaceous, or subgelatinous, cup-shaped, or urceolate, stipitate, sessile, or pendulous. Hymenium smooth, rugulose, or veined. Spores white, elliptical, obovate, globose, pruni- form, subpyriform, ovate, clavate or pip-shaped, smooth; basidia clavate, with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia rarely present. Growing on wood, bark, herbaceous stems, and mosses; scattered, or gregarious. 2359. C. griseo-pallida Weinm. Griseus, grey; pallida, pale. R. 2-4 mm., pallid grey, globose, then campanulate, sessile, fioccose externally. Hymenium concolorous, rugose. Flesh greyish, soft, thin. Spores "white, oboval, acuminate at the base, 6-7 x 4-4-5 ju,; basidia 18-30 x 5-7 /A. Hyphae thin walled, 3-8/A in diam., without clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Stumps, twigs, elm, and elder bark, and mosses. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2360. C. fulva Berk. & Rav. Fulva, tawny. R. 2 mm., brown tawny, cup-shaped, mouth defiexed, sessile, ex- ternally tomentose with long, brown, aseptate, thick walled, often curved hairs. Hymenium concolorous, even. Flesh thin, membrana- ceous. Spores white, "elliptical, 16-17 x 8/^t" Massee. Scattered, or in little clusters. Dead bark. Jan. Rare. 2361. C. alboviolascens (A. & S.) Karst. (= Cyphella Curreyi B. & Br.) A. & S. Consp. Fung. t. 8, fig. 4, as Peziza alboviolascens A. & S. Albus, white ; violascens, becoming violet. R. 1-5 mm., white, cup-shaped, globose, sessile, or subsessile, often proliferous, densely white villose, hairs rough. Hymenium pallid, or violaceous, smooth. Flesh whitish, thin, firm. Spores white, broadly elliptical, somewhat inequilateral, 14-15 x lOju,; basidia 60-75 x 6- 16/A. Wood, bark, and twigs. Sept. June. Not uncommon, (v.v.) CYPHELLA 699 2362. C. Bloxamii B. & Phill. Rev. A. Bloxam, the well-known mycologist. R. 1-2 mm., white, turbinate, crenato-lobed, scattered, floccose. Hymenium becoming light yellow. Flesh membranaceous. Spores white, "elliptical, 7-8 x 6ju," Massee. Furze. March April. Rare. 2363. C. cyclas Cke. & Phill. K vK\d<;, round. R. 10-12 mm., whitish, conchiform, dimidiate, attached on one side, pendulous, clad with flexuose hairs. Hymenium very pale rose colour, even. Dead wood. Rare. 2364. C. stuppea B. & Br. a-rvTrr), tow. R. 1 mm., brownish, becoming white, erumpent, pezizaeform, sessile, externally coarsely hispid. Hymenium fuscous. Broom. March. Rare. 2365. C. brunnea Phill. Brunnea, brown. R. 8 mm. high, 5 mm. across, dirty brown, cupulate, mouth oblique, sessile, scattered, or crowded, clothed near the margin with grey pruina; margin incurved, lacerated. Hymenium discoloured brown, smooth. Flesh paler, subgelatinous. Spores white, globose, 5-6 //,. Elder bark, and wood. Rare. 2366. C. cernua (Schum.) Massee. Schum. Fl. Dan. t. 1970, fig. 3, as Peziza cernua Schum. Cernua, looking downwards. R. 5-6 mm. high, pale primrose yellow, obliquely campanulate, con- tracted into an elongated equal stem, glabrous. Hymenium concolorous. Flesh thin. Spores white, subglobose, with a basal apiculus, 10 x 8-9yii. Elder bark. Rare. 2367. C. lacera (Pers.) Fr. A. & S. Consp. Fung. t. 1, fig. 5, as Peziza membranacea A. & S. Lacera, torn to pieces. R. 2-6 mm. high, 2-3 mm. broad, whitish, or yellow, cup-shaped, stipitate from the vertex being extended, pendulous, then torn into many clefts, slightly striate above with dense black fibrils, becoming cinereous blackish on the outside, and down the stem. Hymenium whitish, then grey, slightly wrinkled. Flesh membranaceous, thin. Spores white, "subglobose, 7 x 6ju" Massee, "pruniform, 10-12/z" Quel. Dead twigs. Rare. 2368. C. capula (Holmsk.) Fr. Holmsk. Nov. Act. Hafn. i, 286, fig. 7, as Peziza capula Holmsk. Capula, a small bowl with handle. R. 4-6 mm. high, 5-8 mm. broad, whitish, becoming greyish and finally blackish, campanulate, transparent; margin sinuate. St. 2 mm., concolorous, filiform, flexuose, pubescent and white at the base. Hymenium whitish, pruinose, even, then wrinkled. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 6-7 x 5-6 p, with a large central gutta; basidia 20-30 x 5-7 p., with 2-4-sterigmata, 700 CYPHELLA 4-4-5/u, long. Hyphae thin walled, 2-8/z cohering. Dead herbaceous stems. Sept. June. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. flavescens Pat. Flavescens, becoming yellow. Differs from the type in its yellowish, or brownish colour. Dead herbaceous stem. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2369. C. Pimii Phill. Greenwood Pirn, an Irish mycologist. R. 4 mm. high, 2 mm. broad, white, or very pale yellow, cup-shaped, erect, or pendent, pubescent ; margin somewhat incised. St. concolorous, rather slender, crooked, enlarged upwards. Hymenium concolorous, smooth. Spores white, subpyriform, 7-10 x 4/z ; basidia cylindraceo- clavate, with 2-4-sterigmata. Dead herbaceous stems in water. Feb. Rare. 2370. C. cuticulosa (Dicks.) Berk. Dicks. PL Crypt. Brit. t. 9, fig. 11, as Peziza cuticulosa Dicks. Cuticulosa, having a skin. R. 2-4 mm. high, white, diaphanous, at first oblong or digitaliform, then cup-shaped, elongated into a stem, smooth externally. Spores white, oval, 6-8 x 4-5/t. Dead grass stems. Oct. Feb. Rare. 2371. C. pallida Rabenh. Pallida, pale. R. -5-2 mm., pallid, cup-shaped, orbicular, sessile, sometimes pro- liferous, at length irregularly lobed, plane, tomentose, or slightly hispid. Hymenium pallid ochraceous, at length wrinkled. Old stems of Clematis vitalba. Nov. April. Rare. 2372. C. vfflosa (Pers.) Karst. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 389, fig. 1, as Peziza sessilis Sow. Villosa, hairy. R. -5-1 mm., white, globose, sessile, gregarious, contracted when dry, externally white villose; hairs subfusiform, subulate, pointed, 4-12/x in diam., rough. Hymenium white, concave, even. Flesh white, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, ovoid, narrower at the apex, broadest at the base, 10-15 x 6-10/u,; basidia 40-80 x 7-12/u, with 2-4 straight sterigmata. Stems of herbaceous plants and branches. Oct. June. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. stenospora Bourd. & G-alz. crrev6<>, narrow; (nropd, seed. Differs from the type in the narrow oblong spores, attenuated a little obliquely at the base, 8-10 x 3-4/z, the smaller basidia 15-18 x 6-8/x, and the narrower hairs 3-4/u, in diam. Dead fronds of Lastraea Filix- mas and Athyrium Filix-foemina. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2373. C. dochmiospora B. & Br. 80^109, aslant; (nropd, seed. R. -5-1 mm., snow white, cup-shaped, sessile, minutely villose. Spores white, oblique, ovate, rather acute, 14-17/u. Stems of her- baceous plants. Oct. Rare. CYPHELLA. SOLENIA 701 2374. C. Berkeley! Massee. (= Cyphella griseo-pallida (Weinm.) Berk.) Rev. Miles Joseph Berkeley, the father of English mycology. R. 1-2 mm., reddish grey, globose, then expanding and becoming campanulate, sessile, minutely pilose. Hymenium concolorous, even. Spores white, elliptical, 7 x 5/z. Dead Carex paniculata. Rare. 2375. C. Goldbachii Weinm. Cda. in Sturm, Deutschl. Fl. in, t. 63, as Chaetocypha variabilis Cda. Carl Ludwig Goldbach. R. 2-4 mm. high, 2 mm. broad, white, cup-shaped, or campanulate, sessile, pitcher-shaped-concave, lobed, externally villose. Hymenium pallid, or cream colour, even. Spores white, "globose, 7 8/x" Massee, "broadly elliptical, 4 x 2-3 p" Karst. Dead leaves of Aira caespi- tosa and Carex paniculata. Feb. Rare. 2376. C. lactea Bres. Bres. Fung. Trid. i, t. 67, fig. 2. Lactea, milk white. R. -5-1 mm. high and wide, snow white, cup-shaped, sessile, tomen- tose on the outside with shining, white, clavate hairs, 5-6 /A in diam. ; margin entire, ciliate. Hymenium becoming cream colour, even. Flesh white, membranaceous, thin. Spores white, ovate-clavate, 9-13 x 3-5-5 /A, 3-4-guttulate; basidia 36-45 x 7-10/n, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 5-6 /x, long. Dead leaves of Aira caespitosa. June. Un- common, (v.v.) 2377. C. muscigena (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Myc. Eur. i, t. 7, fig. 6, as Thelephora vulgaris Pers. a. Candida Pers. Muscus, moss; genus, birth. R. 3-12 mm., shining white, dimidiate, spathulate, becoming plane, sessile, or stipitate, externally minutely tomentose. St. concolorous, fili- form. Hymenium white, slightly wrinkled. Flesh white, membrana- ceous, soft. Spores white, pip-shaped, or broadly obovate and apicu- late at the attenuated base, 9-10 x 6/4, with a large central gutta. Polytrichum, and other large mosses. Sept. March. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 2378. C. catilla W. G. Sm. Stevenson, British Fung, n, p. 284, fig. 89. Catillus, a small bowl. R. 18mm., grey, expanded, often imbricate; margin crisped, un- dulate. Hymenium grey, veined. Flesh submembranaceous. Moss, and dead leaves. Nov. Rare. Solenia (Hoffm.). (<rw\r)v, a pipe.) Receptacle coriaceous, or membranaceous; tubular, cylindrical, cup-shaped, or pyriform, sessile, seated on a superficial, felt-like, then floccose and fugacious mycelium. Hymenium smooth. Spores white, 702 SOLENIA elliptical, cylindrical, globose, or subglobose; basidia clavate, with 2-4-sterigmata. Growing on wood, gregarious, or fasciculate, rarely solitary. *WMte, or whitish. 2379. S. fasciculata Pers. Pers. Myc. Eur. i, t. 12, figs. 8-9. Fasciculate,, in small bundles. R. 2-7 mm. high, white, cylindrical, clavate, gregarious, and usually fasciculate, externally minutely silky and almost smooth. Hymenium white, tubular, smooth. Flesh white, thin, soft. Spores white, sub- globose, pointed at the base, 3-5-5 x 3-4/x,, 1-guttulate; basidia 15- 20 x 4-5-5/x, with 2-4 straight sterigmata, 4-4-5/u, long. Hyphae hyaline, 2-2-75/x in diam., with thin or thick walls, and clamp con- nections. Rotten wood, and fallen branches; sometimes arising from a white mycelium. Sept. April. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2380. S. Candida (Hoffm.) Fr. Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. n, t. 8, fig. 1. Candida, shining white. R. 2-3 mm. high, shining white, cylindrical, solitary, glabrous. Hymenium white, tubular, smooth. Flesh white, thin, somewhat diaphanous. Spores white, subglobose, pointed at the base, 4-5 x 3-4/x, with a large central gutta; basidia 12-15 x 4-5 /i. Hyphae hyaline, thin, -5-1 p in diam. Rotten branches of beech, alder, and ash. Oct. Jan. Uncommon. 2381. S. maxima Massee. Maxima, largest. R. 2 mm. high, whitish, or pale buff, subcylindrical, slightly con- tracted at the base, gregarious and subfasciculate, externally villose with slender, aseptate hyphae rough with minute particles of lime. Hymenium concolorous, tubular, smooth. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, elliptical, minutely and obliquely apiculate, 5 x 3/n. Rotten wood. May. Rare. **Coloured. 2382. S. anomala (Pers.) Fr. a, not; oyuaXo?, even. R. 2-5 mm. high, dingy ochraceous to ferruginous, turbinate, or pyriform, usually gregarious, externally villose. Hymenium pallid, urceolate; margin incurved. Flesh brownish, thin. Spores white, cylindrical, incurved, 7-11 x 3-4 /x; basidia 18-30 x 5-6 /i. Rotten wood, and fallen branches, especially of alder. Jan. Dec. Common. (v.v.) var. ochracea (Hoffm.) Berk. Hoffm. Deutschl. Fl. n, t. 8, fig. 2. compos, pale. Differs from the type in its scattered habit, and smaller size. Rotten wood and bark. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) SOLENIA. POROTHELIUM 703 2383. S. poriaeformis (DC.) Fr. Poria, the genus Poria; forma, shape. R. 1-2 mm. high, grey, cinereous, or brownish, cup-shaped, hairy, sessile, crowded, seated on a greyish mycelium. Hymenium pale, grey, concave. Flesh brownish, thin. Spores white, globose, pointed at the base, 5-6 n, with a large central gutta ; basidia 18-24 x 5-8 /A, with 2-4 conical, straight sterigmata, 5-6/A long. Hyphae hyaline, 1-2/x in diam., with clamp connections. Wood and bark. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) Porothelium Fr. (Trd/309, a pore ; #77X77, a nipple.) Receptacles cup-shaped, sessile, more or less crowded, distinct, seated on, or immersed in, a membranaceous, or floccose stroma. Hymenium smooth. Spores white, oblong, elliptical, or linear oblong; smooth; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Growing on wood. 2384. P. fimbriatum (Pers.) Fr. Fr. Icon. 1. 192, fig. 1, as Porothelium lacerum Fr. Fimbriatum, fringed. R. 1-10 cm., snow white, effused, membranaceous, firm, separable, minutely tomentose, pruinose, attached to the matrix by a white, cord-like mycelium; margin fringed, silky. Pores white, aggregated in places, papillate, then urceolate, fringed with a pink border, pubescent. Spores white, "oblong, slightly depressed on one side, 4-5-6 x 3- 3-5 p,, multi-guttulate; basidia 15-23 x 4-5-6 /A, with 2-4-sterigmata, 2-3//, long. Hyphae firm, thick walled, 1-2-5/4 in diam., with scat- tered, small, often oblique clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Beech, birch, and hornbeam stumps, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Un- common, (v.v.) 2385. P. Friesii Mont. Cke. Handb. fig. 69. Elias Fries, the illustrious mycologist. R. 2-7-5 cm., white, becoming tan colour, effused, confluent, flocculoso- membranaceous, margin simple. Pores yellowish, papillate at first, immersed, then open and urceolate. Spores hyaline, elliptical, 5 x 3/ti. Pine, and juniper. Sept. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) P. Vaillantii (Fr.) Quel. = Poria Vaillantii (DC.) Fr. P. confusum B. & Br = Odontia sudans (A. & S.) Bres. P. Stevensonii B. & Br. = Odontia sudans (A. & S.) Bres. 2386. P. Keithii B. & Br. Rev. Dr James Keith, a Scotch mycologist. R. 2-5-5 cm., pale umber, closely adnate, inseparable, thin, at first subgelatinous, forming patches; margin very thin, subpulverulent. Pores pallid, scattered, papillate, at length collapsing. Spores linear- oblong, 5 x 2ju,. Dead fir. April. Rare. 704 PHAEOCYPHELLA Phaeocyphella Pat. (<flU09, dusky; /cu</>eXA,a, the hollow of the ear.) Receptacle waxy, fleshy, or membranaceous ; cup-shaped, or urceo- late, sessile, pendulous. Hymenium smooth, rugulose, or wrinkled. Spores coloured, elliptical, or subglobose; smooth, punctate, verru- cose, or echinulate; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Growing on wood, or on mosses. 2387. P. ochroleuca (B. & Br.) Eea. (= Cyphella ochroleuca B. & Br.) &>Xpo?, pale; A,eu09, white. R. 2-3 mm., ochrey white, cup-shaped, sessile, villose above; margin at length split. Hymenium pale ochre, brighter than the receptacle, even. Flesh membranaceous. Spores "very pale ochraceous, elliptical, 6 x 4/i," Massee. Dead bramble stems. July Oct. Rare. 2388. P. fraxinicola (B. & Br.) Rea. (= Cyphella fraxinicola B. & Br.) Fraxinus, ash; colo, I inhabit. R. -25-'2 mm., snow-white, orbicular, sessile, scattered, or gre- garious, externally shortly villose. Hymenium light yellow, becoming fuscous with the spores, proliferous. Spores "pale olive, elliptical, 6 x 4/x" Massee. Ash bark. Dec. Feb. Rare. 2389. P. fuscospora (Curr. ex Cke.) Rea. (= Cyphella fuscospora Curr. ex Cke.) Fuscus, dark ; a-Tropd, seed. R. -25 2 mm., white, tomentose; margin connivent. Hymenium becoming yellow. Spores fuscous, subglobose, punctulate. Bark. Rare. 2390. P. galeata (Schum.) Bres. (= Cyphella galeata (Schum.) Fr.) Fl. Dan. t. 2027, fig. 1. Galeata, covered with a helmet. R. 2-5 mm., whitish, or grey when moist, becoming snow white when dry, then rufescent; cup-shaped, then dimidiate, helmet-shaped, sessile, even; margin quite entire. Hymenium at length rufescent, slightly wrinkled. Flesh whitish, membranaceous, soft. Spores tawny, rough or verrucose, subglobose, 8 10/z; basidia 18-30 x 7-9 p, with 4 curved sterigmata, 5-6 x 2-2-5/n. Hyphae very thin walled, 2-5/i, with clamp connections. Mosses. Nov. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2391. P. muscicola (Fr.) Rea. (= Cyphella muscicola Fr.) Fl. Dan. t. 2083, fig. 2. Muscus, moss; colo, I inhabit. R. 25 mm., whitish, or cinereous, persistently cup-shaped, some- times irregular, nodding, externally slightly fibrilloso-striate; margin slightly downy, repand, torn. Hymenium white, then grey, even, then rugulose. Spores pinkish, or pale brown, subglobose, 8-lOju.. Mosses. Nov. May. Uncommon, (v.v.) II. CLAVARIINEAE. Receptacle erect, dendroid, coralloid, simple, or branched, never pileate. Hymenium more or less amphigenous. CLAVAKIACEAE. Same characters as the suborder. CLAVABIA 705 Clavaria (Vaill.) Fr. (Clava, a club.) Receptacle fleshy, or subcoriaceous, erect, branched, or simple and clavate, smooth, or longitudinally striate. Hymenium even, amphi- genous, absent in the stem-like portion of the simple clubs. Spores white, or ochraceous, rarely reddish ochre or brownish; elliptical, globose, subglobose, oboval, pip-shaped, pyriform, almond-shaped, reniform, oblong, oblong elliptical, or subfusiform; smooth, punctate, or verrucose ; basidia with 2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Putrescent. Growing on the ground, or on wood ; solitary, gregarious, caespitose, or caespitoso-connate. I. Branched. A. Spores white, slightly coloured in no. 2402; basidia often with 2-sterigmata. *Growing on the ground. 2392. C. coralloides (Linn.) Fr. (? = Clavaria cristata (Holmsk.) Fr. sec. Cotton & Wakef.) Sow. Eng. Fung, t. 278. KopdXkiov, coral; eZ8o<?, like. R. 5-10 cm. high, white, repeatedly and irregularly much branched; trunk short, rather thick, often hollow. Branches unequal, dilated upwards; branchlets crowded, acute. Flesh white, brittle. Spores "white, elliptical, subglobose, 6-8 x 4-5 /A" Bourd. & Galz. Edible. Shady deciduous woods. Aug. Oct. Rare. 2393. C. cristata (Holmsk.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 103, no. 230. Cristata, crested. R. 2-5-7-5 cm. high, white, sometimes tinged ochraceous, often be- coming cinereous with age when infected with Rosellinia Clavariae, divided into numerous, irregular branches; trunk short, firm, villose. Branches dilated above, often flattened, acute, incised, crested. Flesh white, tough, firm. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 6-7 /z, with a large central gutta; "basidia small, 25 x 6-7 /u,, contents densely granular, with 2-sterigmata. Hyphae loosely interwoven, more or less parallel, fairly regular, frequently septate, segments 35-40 x 5-6 JM, in the centre 50-70 x 6-9/x" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods. June Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2394. C. cinerea (Bull.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 103, no. 232. Cinerea, colour of ashes. R. 2-5-5 cm. high, cinereous, very much branched; trunk whitish, or concolorous, becoming almost black when infected with Rosellinia Clavariae, short, stout, or thin. Branches and branchlets thickened, irregularly shaped, somewhat wrinkled, obtuse, often crested and paler. Flesh white in the trunk, cinereous upwards, somewhat firm. R. B. B. 45 706 CLAVARIA Spores white, subglobose, or very broadly elliptical, 7-11 x 7-8 /z, with a large central gutta; "basidia long, conspicuous, 35 50( 70) x 6-10ju, contents finely granular, with 2-sterigmata. Hyphae fila- mentous, loose, 8-10(-12)//, in diam., with occasional inflations, slightly septate, irregular in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods. July Jan. Common, (v.v.) var. gracilis Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 2. Gracilis, slender. Differs from the type in the long, slender trunk, and the numerous thin, tapering, acute branches and branchlets. Spores white, subglobose, with a basal apiculus, 9 x Sfj,, with a large central gutta. Bare soil in damp woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2395. C. gigaspora Cotton. 7170,$, giant; o-Tropd, seed. R. 2-3 cm. high, greyish with a tinge of yellow, irregularly branched, sometimes almost palmate; trunk hardly distinct, about 1 cm. long. Branches erect, occasionally forked, often wrinkled, solid, terete, or compressed, much compressed at the acute angles, ultimate branches attenuated, apices blunt. Flesh tough, horny when dry. Spores white, broadly elliptical, slightly oblique, 10-20 x 7-9/x, av. 12-16 x 8jn, guttulate, then granular; basidia 60-70 x 15/z, with 4 short sterig- mata, 8-10/u, long, contents granular. Hyphae 4-4-5/z in diam., densely packed, forming a firm tough tissue, rather horny when dry. Amongst moss on rocky, heathy slope. Nov. Rare. 2396. C. amethystina (Batt.) Fr. Batt. Fung. Arim. Hist. t. 1, fig. C. dpeQvcrTos, amethyst. R. 5-10 cm. high, violet, very much branched; trunk concolorous, or whitish, thin, equal. Branches round, smooth, or somewhat rugu- lose, obtuse, often forked at the apex. Flesh tinged violet, becoming whitish, rather brittle. Spores white, elliptical, obtuse at both ends, 67 x 34/1, with a large central gutta; "basidia rather large, 50- 60 x 7-10/i, with 2-4-sterigmata. Hyphae densely interwoven, fre- quently septate, cells 50-100 x 8-12/n, not pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section. Spores globose, with a minute basal apiculus, 5-7 p in diam." Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. lilacina (Fr.) Quel. SchaefE. Icon. t. 172, as Clavaria purpurea. Lilacina, lilac coloured. Differs from the type in the lilac purple colour becoming brownish when dry, in the firmer texture and in the less numerous, dentate, often twisted branches. Pastures. Rare, (v.v.) 2397. C. rugosa (Bull.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 103, no. 233. Rugosa, wrinkled. R. 5-10 cm. high, white, simple, or sparingly branched, thickened CLAVARIA 707 upwards, wrinkled. Branches irregular, few, obtuse, rarely crested. Flesh whitish, tough, firm. Spores white, subglobose, often apiculate at the base, 8-9 x 6-8 p, with a large central gutta; "basidia long, conspicuous, 60 x 5-6jn, with 2-sterigmata, contents granular. Hyphae somewhat densely interwoven, looser in the centre, 8-10//, in diam., frequently septate" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods, and pastures. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. fuliginea (Pers.) Fr. Fuliginea, sooty. Differs from the type in the dark sooty colour of the clubs and flesh. Woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) var. macrospora Britzl. fta/tpo?, long; (nropd, seed. Differs from the type in the larger spores, 12-14 x 8-10/x. Rare. 2398. C. grossa (Pers.) Quel. (= Clavaria Krombholzii Fr. sec. Quel.) Grossa, thick. R. 57 cm. high, snow white, sparingly branched; trunk 34 cm. x 3-5 mm., somewhat bulbous at the base. Branches compressed, de- formed, acute, or incised. Flesh white, brittle. Spores white, ellip- tical, or subglobose, 9-12 x 6-8/1,, with a large central gutta. Woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2399. C. crassa Britzl. (? = Clavaria rugosa (Bull.) Fr. sec. Cotton & Wakef.) Britzl. Hymen. Siidb. v (Clavaria), t. 39. Crassa, thick. R. 5-7 cm. high, violet, or lilac grey; trunk slender, expanding up- wards, and dividing into several obtuse, subcompressed branches. Spores white, subglobose, 8-10 x 8/x,. Scattered, or solitary. Woods. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) 2400. C. Krombholzii Fr. (= Clavaria Kunzei Fr. sec. Cotton & Wakef.) Krombh. t. 53, figs. 15-16, as Clavaria Kunzei Fr. J. von Krombholz, author of "Abbildungen der Schwamme." R. 35 cm. high, white, very densely tufted, sparingly branched, squat, compact. Branches more or less compressed, obtuse, blunt. Flesh white, somewhat brittle. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 3 /A, with a large central gutta. Edible. Densely caespitose. Pastures. Sept. Nov. Not un- common, (v.v.) 2401. C. Kunzei Fr. Karl Sebastian Heinrich Kunze. R. 512 cm. high, ivory to cream white, irregularly and dichoto- mously branched, loose, rarely compact; trunk sometimes pink at the base, usually distinct, 1-2 cm. x 3-5 mm. Branches erect, or spread- ing, cylindrical, or slightly compressed, often elongated, 2-5 mm. thick, even, solid, axils lunate; apices blunt, or pointed. Flesh white, somewhat brittle. Spores white, globose, often minutely apiculate, 452 708 CLAVARIA 3-5-4-5/i, with a large central gutta; "basidia 30-35 x 5-6 /i, with 4-sterigmata. Internal structure pseudoparenchymatous in trans- verse sections, cells long, 100-300 x 5-8/z" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Solitary, or gregarious. In long grass in woods, and pastures. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2402. C. chionea (Pers.) Quel. (= Clavaria Kunzei Fr. sec. Cotton & Wakef.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, t. 2. X 1 ^' snow - R. 57 cm. high, snow white, trunk thin, 23 cm. x 23 mm., very much branched. Branches long, thin, unequal, pointed. Flesh white, tough, somewhat elastic. Spores pale yellow in the mass, hyaline under the microscope, subglobose, with a basal apiculus, 4-5 x 4/x, with a large central gutta. Bare soil in woods. Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 2403. C. subtilis (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Comm. t. 4, fig. 2. Subtilis, slender. R. 2-2-5 cm. high, white, becoming yellowish, trunk 1-1-5 cm. x 1-2 mm., glabrous at the base, equal, mth few branches. Branches dichotomously forked, subfastigiate. Flesh white, tough. Spores white, oblong, elliptical, rounded at both ends, 6 x 3/u,, 1-guttulate. Amongst grass in woods. Sept. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2404. C. comiculata (Schaeff.) Fr. (= Clavaria muscoides Fr. Hym. Eur.) Schaeff. Icon. t. 173. Corniculata, having little horns. R. 2-5 cm. high, yellow, generally only twice or thrice branched ; trunk white towards the base, thin, firm. Branches rounded at the axils, apex crescent-shaped, acute. Flesh yellow, firm, tough. Spores white, subglobose, often minutely apiculate, 5-6 fi, with a large central gutta; "basidia distinct, 50 p, long, vacuolate or clear, with 4- sterigmata, lOfj. long. Hyphae not interwoven, running parallel to the axis, easily separable, and becoming twisted, 4-8 /z in diam., fairly frequently septate, with cells 100-200/z, long, not pseudoparenchy- matous in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Pastures. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. pratensis (Fr.) Cotton & Wakef. (= Clavaria fastigiata (Linn.) Fr. Hym. Eur.) Pratensis, growing in meadows. Differs from the type in being more branched, with short, divaricate, fastigiate branchlets, and forming a level top. Edible. Pastures. Aug. March. Common, (v.v.) 2405. C. umbrinella Sacc. (= Clavaria umbrina Berk.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, 1. 11, fig. E, spores. Umbrinella, somewhat umber. R. 2-5-3-5 cm. high, pale brown, irregularly and dichotomously branched, stem absent, branches distinct to the base. Branches erect, cylindrical, slender, 1-2 mm. thick, even, solid; apices blunt, or bifid. CLAVARIA 709 Spores white, pip-shaped, laterally apiculate, 4-5 x 4/x, or 5-6 x 3/M, usually guttulate; basidia 35-40 x 6-7 /u,, contents finely granular, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae loosely and slightly interwoven, 7-10/z in diam. Taste pleasant. Lawns, and amongst short grass in woods. July Oct. Uncommon. 2406. C. curta Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 199, fig. 2. Curta, short. R. 1-1-5 cm. high, greenish yellow, very much branched, pressed close together. Stem none. Branches crowded, obtuse. Spores white. Amongst grass, and fir leaves. Oct. Rare. 2407. C. Bizzozeriana Sacc. (= Clavaria conchyliata Allen.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 8, as Clavaria conchyliata Allen. J. Bizzozero. R. 5-10 mm. high, brilliant violet, becoming paler, at first simple and toothed at the apex, then dichotomously branched; stem reddish yellow (nankeen), pubescent. Flesh white. Spores white, globose, 2-5- 3//,; basidia 6-7 /A in diam. Gregarious, but scattered. Bare soil under nut trees. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) **Growing on wood. 2408. C. pyxidata (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Comm. t. 1, fig. 1. Pyxidata, box-shaped. R. 2-5-5 cm. high, pallid, then tan colour, somewhat rufescent; trunk thin, smooth, branched. Branches and branchlets all hollowed out in cup-shape at the apex, cups radiating in a proliferous manner at the margin. Flesh white, firm. Spores white, elliptical, 4 x 3/x. Rotten, and buried wood. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 2409. C. Kewensis Massee. (= Clavaria stricta (Pers.) Fr. sec. Cotton & Wakef.) Kewensis, belonging to Kew. R. 4-7 cm. high, rusty brown, becoming ochraceous upwards, base thick, dividing almost at once into numerous, subequal, divergent branches. Branches uniform in thickness throughout, often com- pressed, imperfectly hollow, dividing near the apex into 24 short branchlets, axils rounded, tips obtuse, or divided into 2-4 short finger-like processes, pruinose. Spores white, elliptical, apiculate at the base, 5-6 x 3-5-4 /A. Smell pleasant like that of Lentinus cochkatus. Forming dense tufts, 12-15 cm. across. Rotten wood. Oct. Rare. B. Spores more or less ochraceous. *Growing on the ground. 2410. C. botrytis (Pers.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 103, no. 231. /3oTpi/9, a bunch of grapes. R. 7-10 cm. high, 6-20 cm. broad, whitish, or ochraceous; trunk 710 CLAVARIA 3-4 x 1-5-6 cm., white, becoming yellowish, firm, passing into very numerous, crowded, irregular, thick branches. Branches ochraceous, cylindrical, or compressed, dividing into numerous branchlets, apices red, toothed. Flesh white, compact. Spores ochraceous in the mass, oblong elliptical, attenuated at the base into a slightly curved point, 12-15 x 4-6 fji, 1-2-guttulate, finally longitudinally striate; "basidia long, conspicuous, 60-70 x 8-10/u,, contents granular, with 2-4- sterigmata. Internal structure of parallel, septate hyphae, cells 100- 150 x 10/A in the centre, smaller towards the margin, scarcely paren- chymatous in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Smell very pleasant, fruity. Taste agreeable. Edible. Woods. Aug. Nov. Un- common, (v.v.) 2411. C. flava (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaeff. Icon. t. 175. Flaw, yellow. R. 7-14 cm. high, 10-20 cm. broad, lemon yellow, trunk 4-5 x 5-8 cm., white, becoming blood red when bruised or handled, divided up into very numerous branches. Branches crowded, compressed, fastigiate, apices toothed. Flesh white, turning slightly blood colour near the cuticle when quite fresh, brittle. Spores pale ochraceous in the mass, oblong elliptical, 9-12 x 4-5 p, finally minutely warted; "basidia 45 x 10/z, finely granular, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae inter- woven, 8-12/>t in diam., subparenchymatous in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Taste pleasant. Edible. Woods, Sept. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 2412. C. aurea (Schaeff.) Fr. Schaefl. Icon. 287. Aurea, golden. R. 5-10 cm. high, 10-20 cm. broad, egg yellow, or somewhat tawny; trunk 24 x 15 cm., whitish at the base, concolorous above, base some- what bulbous, divided into numerous, erect, stout branches. Branches tense, straight, dichotomous, round, flattened ; apices paler, toothed, or incised. Flesh white, yellowish near the cuticle, tough, elastic. Spores ochraceous in the mass, oblong, or subfusiform, often obliquely apicu- late, 9-12 x 3-4/z, 1-3-guttulate. Taste pleasant. Edible. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2413. C. rufescens (Schaeff.) Fr. Rufescens, becoming red. R. 7-9 cm. high, 3-6 cm. broad, branchlets all blood red, becoming paler; trunk 4-5 x 2-3 cm., whitish at the base, becoming yellow up- wards, divided into numerous erect branches. Branches erect, sub- compressed; apices dentate, or forked. Flesh whitish, reddish at the apex of the branches, tough. Spores ochraceous. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 2414. C. fonnosa (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 3, fig. 6. Formosa, handsome. R. 6-9 cm. high, 7-30 cm. broad, orange rose colour, or pinkish ochraceous; trunk 3-4 x 2-5-6 cm., whitish at the base, becoming rosy CLAVARIA 711 yellow upwards, very much branched. Branches erect, elongate, crowded; apices lemon yellow, forked, simple, or toothed. Flesh whitish in the trunk, subconcolorous elsewhere, tough, elastic. Spores ochraceous in the mass, oblong elliptical, with a basal, or lateral apiculus, 9-11 x 5-6 /JL, usually 1-guttulate, "becoming finally sub- verrucose" Bourd. & Galz.; "basidia not conspicuous, 30-40 x 6-8 /i, with 4 erect sterigmata. Hyphae frequently septate, loosely inter- woven in the centre, 6-8(-10)/x, wide, occasionally swollen up to 14/z at the septa, more slender, and more closely interwoven towards the margin, subparenchymatous in transverse section. A few latex hyphae present" Cotton & Wakef. Smell pleasant. Taste agreeable. Edible. Woods. July Oct. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2415. C. Broomei Cotton & Wakef. C. E. Broome, the well-known mycologist. R. 58 cm. high, 2-4 cm. broad, ochraceous orange, tips darker orange, turning brown easily on bruising, base white, or pinkish; trunk short, not swollen, white, becoming pinkish on bruising, somewhat branched, rooting base small. Branches irregular, or subdichotomous, slight below, more frequent above, axils not rounded, cylindrical, or flattened, short, solid, fairly erect, smooth, or the larger branches much wrinkled, tips flattened. Flesh white, becoming vinous later especially below, solid. Spores deep ochraceous, or even orange in the mass, fusiform, or pip-shaped, markedly aculeate, 14-20 x 6-8/i (average 15-16 x 6-7 /z); basidia not conspicuous, 40-50 x 8-9 ^t, with 2-sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure composed of fine filaments, densely packed, slightly interwoven, 3-6 //, in diam., with vesicular ends, 10-12/4 in diam., not pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section; large crystals in abundance in the tissue. Smell slight, not pleasant. Taste bitter. Woods. Sept. Oct. Un- common. 2416. C. spinulosa (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Obs. n, t. 3, fig. 1. Spinulosa, with little spines, R. 5-8 cm. high, 3-6 cm. broad, somewhat cinnamon, brownish amber; trunk 2-4 x 23 cm., pallid, becoming yellowish, very much branched. Branches elongate, crowded, tense and straight; apices concolorous, forked, simple or toothed. Flesh white, firm, tough. Spores ochraceous, elliptical, or oboval, incurved and apiculate at the base, 8-9 x 4-5/z. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Jan. Not un- common, (v.v.) 2417. C. abietina (Pers.) Fr. Abietina, pertaining to firs. R. 2-5-7-5 cm. high, 3-6 cm. broad, ochraceous, becoming greenish when bruised or weathered; trunk 12-5 cm. x 8-15 mm., white tomen- 712 CLAVARIA tose, very much branched. Branches erect, crowded, longitudinally wrinkled when dry, apices often becoming tinged with green, forked, toothed, acute. Flesh greenish, especially at the base, firm, tough. Spores ochraceous, pip-shaped, with a basal apiculus, 6-7 x 3-4/u,, 1-guttulate, "becoming verrucose" Bourd. & Galz.; "basidia small, 35-40 x 7-8/i, contents uniform, finely granular, with 4 erect sterig- mata. Hyphae filamentous, loosely interwoven, 4 10/z (average 5-7 p,), slightly septate" Cotton & Wakef. Taste bitter. Edible. Coniferous woods. Aug. Dec. Common. 2418. C. Invalii Cotton & Wakef. Inval near Haslemere, Surrey. R. 45 cm. high, deep ochre, forming dense, compact, almost spherical tufts ; trunks more or less distinct, short, often woolly, with white, or yellowish rooting strands, irregularly and frequently branched, axils acute. Branches slender, short, uneven, cylindrical, erect, smooth, solid ; apices attenuated, pointed. Flesh white. Spores yellow, pip-shaped, slightly incurved at the base, echinulate, 7-9 x 4/z (average 8 x 4/u.); basidia conspicuous, 30-40 x 7-9 /A, contents finely granular, with 4 erect sterigmata. Internal structure of irre- gular, wavy, filamentous hyphae, 5-10/u, in diam., loosely interwoven, and running equally in each direction. Smell slightly pungent. Taste faint, hardly bitter. Amongst leaves in thick plantations of spruce, larch, etc. Uncommon. 2419. C. flaccida Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 199, fig. 4. Flaccida, flabby. R. 3-10 cm. high, 3-4 cm. across, ochraceous, or somewhat tawny; trunk 2-3 x 1-5-2 cm. or almost none, concolorous, very much branched, flaccid. Branches erect, crowded, even, apices acute, simple, or forked, converging. Flesh whitish, yellowish upwards, elastic, firm. Spores very pale ochraceous, elliptical, 6-7 x 3/x, 1- guttulate, "minutely verrucose" Bourd. & Galz.; "basidia small, conspicuous, 30 x 7-9 /M, contents finely granular, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae loosely interwoven, slightly septate, 7-10/x in diam., not parenchymatous in transverse section, and more densely arranged towards the periphery" Cotton & Wakef. Woods, and heaths. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2420. C. condensata Fr. Condensata, pressed close together. R. 5-10 cm. high, 3-4 cm. across, tan rufescent; trunk 1-2 cm. x 5-10 mm., ochraceous cream, or whitish at the base, divided into numerous branches almost to the base. Branches yellow, tense and straight, erect, crowded in a parallel manner, apices fastigiate, twice or thrice toothed. Flesh white, deep yellow upwards, firm, tough. Spores ochraceous, elliptic oblong, depressed on the side, 8-9 x 4/A, 2-3-guttulate. Woods, and heaths. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) CLAVARIA 713 2421. C. palmata (Pers.) FT. Palmata, palmate. E. 5-6 cm. high, 3-4 cm. broad, tan, or tawny, becoming paler; trunk thin, very much branched almost from the base. Branches bifur- cate, flattened, thin, erect, palmately branched, apices forked, or toothed. Flesh pale, firm. Spores pale ochraceous, minutely punctate, oblong elliptical, 6-7 x 3-4 p, usually 1-guttulate. Smell very pleasant. Coniferous woods. Dec. Rare, (v.v.) 2422. C. crocea (Pers.) Fr. Kpoicos, saffron. R. 1-1-5 cm. high, saffron yellow, stem pallid, thin, naked. Branches and branchlets similar, somewhat forked. Spores " ochraceous, ellip- tical, 6-7 x 3-4/z," Massee. Waste ground, downs, gardens, on peat. Sept. Feb. Rare. 2423. C. grisea (Pers.) Fr. (= Clavaria cinerea (Bull.) Fr. sec. Cotton.) Grisea, grey. R. 3-7-5 cm. high, fuliginous cinereous; trunk 4 x 2-5 cm., whitish. Branches 7-5 cm. long, attenuated, somewhat wrinkled; branchlets un- equal, obtuse. Flesh firm. Spores "reddish ochre in the mass, slightly brownish, and with a yellowish gutta under the microscope, oboval, 10-12 x 7-7-5^" Bourd. & Galz. Woods. Sept. Oct. Rare. 2424. C. fuliginea Pers. Fuliginea, sooty. R. 5-7-5 cm. high, 5 cm. broad, cinereous, becoming rufescent, very much branched; stem thin; larger branches thick, compressed, lateral rather incomplete; branchlets subfastigiate, short, acute. Spores ochraceous, globose, with an apiculus, 10//,. Ground. Rare. **Growing on wood. 2425. C. stricta (Pers.) Fr. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 18, fig. 5. Stricta, close. R. 5-10 cm. high, 3-8 cm. across, pallid yellow, becoming fuscous when bruised; trunk 1-3 x 1 cm., whitish at the base, concolorous up- wards, very much branched. Branches tense and straight; crowded, adpressed; apices acute, or toothed. Flesh white, firm, tough. Spores pale ochraceous, pip-shaped, with a basal, or lateral apiculus, 6-9 x 4-5 /x; "basidia distinct, 30-40 x 7-9 fi, contents granular, with 4 erect sterigmata. Hyphae interwoven, 4-10/x in diam., not parenchy- matous in transverse section, central hyphae rather thick walled" Cotton & Wakef . Rotten stumps, and buried wood. Aug. Jan. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. alba Cotton. Alba, white. Differs from the type in its creamy white colour. On the ground, amongst fallen leaves, etc. Rare. 714 CLAVARIA 2426. C. crispula Fr. Crispula, with little curls. R. 2-5-7-5 high, tan, then ochraceous, very much branched; trunk thin, with villose rootlets. Branches flexuose, multifid, divaricate. Spores "pale yellow, elliptical, 5x3^" Massee. Base of trunks, ash, and elder. Oct. Dec. Rare. II. Simple. A. Tufted, or caespitose at the base. *Purple, or reddish. 2427. C. purpurea (Miiller) Fr. Fl. Dan. t. 837, fig. 2. Purpurea, purple. R. 7-12 cm. high, 1-2 mm. thick, purple, purple grey, purplish brown, or dark chocolate, white villose at the base, fusiform, compressed, hollow ("solid" Cotton), flexuose, acute. Spores white, "oval, 7-8 x 4-5 /i, contents granular; basidia small, 25-30 x 7-8, guttulate, with 4 erect sterigmata. Hyphae irregular, cells 50-60 x 3-5 \JL, or x 7-9 /u, towards the centre, pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Fragile. Caespitose. Grassy places, and under conifers. Aug. Oct. Rare. C. rufa Fl. Dan. = Clavaria inaequalis (Mtiller) FT. sec. Cotton. 2428. C. rosea (Dalman) Fr. Rosea, rose colour. R. 2-5 cm. high, rose colour, whitish at the attenuated base, fusiform, apex acute, rarely toothed, or bifid, cylindrical, or somewhat com- pressed, sometimes becoming yellowish at the apex. Flesh whitish, stuffed, brittle. Spores white, subglobose, with a distinct basal apiculus, 6-6-5 x 5/n; basidia clavate, 22-37 x 7-10/u, with 4-sterig- mata. "Hyphae irregular, 7-12/t in diam., frequently septate, semi- parenchymatous in transverse section; crystals sometimes present" Cotton & Wakef. Caespitose. Pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) **Yellow. 2429. C. fusifonnis (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 234. Fusus, a spindle ; forma, shape. R. 5-14 cm. high, yellow, elongate-fusiform, attenuated at both ends, smooth, often with a central furrow, apex acute, rarely toothed, becoming hollow. Flesh concolorous, paler upwards, somewhat firm. Spores white, or tinged with yellow, globose, minutely apiculate at the base, 6-8 p, with a large central gutta; "basidia hyaline, 35-40 x 6 8/x, with 4 slightly curved sterigmata. Hyphae more or less inter- woven, 4-6 fj, in diam., walls sometimes rough, occasionally with dark yellow contents" Cotton & Wakef. Taste bitter. Caespitoso-connate. Woods, and pastures. July Dec. Common, (v.v.) CLAVABIA 715 var. ceranoides (Pers.) W. G. Sm. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 235. Krjpos, wax; etSo?, like. Differs from the type in the blunter, often divided apices of the clubs becoming brown. Woods, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 2430. C. luteo-alba Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. n, t. 3 Luteus, orange yellow; alba, white. R. 45 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, deep rich yellow, or apricot colour, becoming pale ochraceous when dried, apex white, cylindrical, or slightly compressed, gradually attenuated downwards to the base, blunt, or acute, stuffed. Flesh orange yellow, or concolorous, floqcose. Spores white, pip-shaped, or ovoid, 5-8 x 3-4 /u,; basidia 25-30 x 5-7 //,, con- tents slightly granular, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae 5- 6 p in diam., containing orange coloured granules. Taste "like tallow" Cotton. Fasciculate, or scattered. Woods, pastures, and heaths. Aug. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2431. C. inaequalis (Miiller) Quel. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 37, as Clavariafragilis. Inaequalis, unequal. R. 2-5-6 cm., golden yellow, sulphur coloured at the base, simple, or forked, apex acute, stuffed. Flesh pale yellow. Spores white, " ovoid, globose, apiculate, 7-9 x 6-8 /x" Bourd. & Galz. Woods, pastures, and heaths. Aug. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2432. C. dissipabilis Britzl. (= Clavaria similis Boud. & Pat. ; Clavaria inaequalis (Miiller) Fr. sec. Cotton.) Britzl. Hymen. Siidb. fig. 28. Dissipabilis, dispersed. R. 3-6 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, yellow, to orange yellow, fragile, elongato-clavate, tapering downwards, or cylindrical, obtuse, rarely subacute, smooth, or furrowed, stuffed. Flesh white or yellowish, floccose. Spores white, or tinged with yellow, acutely warted, sub- globose, 5-6 /A, with a large central gutta; "basidia conspicuous, clavate, yellowish, 30-40 x 6-8/x,, with 4 more or less erect sterig- mata" Cotton & Wakef. Solitary, or in small clusters. Woods, pas- tures, and heaths. Aug. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2433. C. per similis Cotton. Per similis, very like. R. 3-5 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, orange yellow, to orange, becoming dark orange when dried, cylindrical, or subcompressed, apex usually acute. Flesh pale, floccose. Spores white, subglobose-oblong, with a conspicuous oblique apiculus, 5-6 x 4ju,, guttulate; basidia 30-35 x 7-8/A, contents granular, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae loosely packed, running longitudinally, 3-6 /u, in diam., not pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section. Isolated, or fasciculate. Amongst short grass. Woods, and pastures. Not uncommon. 716 CLAVARIA 2434. C. argillacea (Pers.) Fr. (= Clavaria ericetorum Pers.) Boud. Icon. t. 175, as Clavaria ericetorum Pers. ArgiUacea, clay colour. R. 3-8 cm. high, 4-8 mm. broad, whitish yellow, or citron yellow, simple, elongate, attenuated at the base and shining, very rarely bifurcate, compressed, with one or two longitudinal channels, apex obtuse, or truncate, stuSed, fragile. Flesh concolorous, floccose. Spores white, reniform, or oblong and depressed on one side, 10 x 5 6/t, with granular contents; "basidia conspicuous, 70 p long, with 4 sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure almost pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section even when old, cells regular, 10-14/x in diam., with small, narrow filaments (4-5 fi in diam.) between; segments 50-70 /LI, long towards the margin, but up to 200-300 \L in the centre " Cotton & Wakef. Solitary, or in tufts of two or three. Heaths, and hillsides. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2435. C. straminea Cotton. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. m, t. 11, erro- neously lettered Clavaria persimilis Cotton. Straminea, straw colour. R. 3-5 cm. high, 3-4 mm. thick, straw-coloured, becoming brownish with age or when handled, simple, cylindrical, or somewhat com- pressed, smooth, apex usually acute. Stem usually very distinct, cinna- mon yellow, stuffed, brittle. Flesh somewhat darker than the hymenium. Spores white, globose, with a minute basal apiculus, granular, 5-7 /LI; basidia 40-60 x 7-9 p, with 4-sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section. Isolated, or caespitose. Amongst short grass, lawns, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 2436. C. Michelii Rea. P. A. Micheli, an early illustrator of fungi. R. 47 cm. high, 1-2 mm. thick, yellow, white at the base, cylindrical, hollow, apex acute, very fragile. Flesh yellowish, white at the base. Spores white, subglobose, 3 x 2/n. Fasciculate. Amongst grass under a cherry tree. Sept. Rare, (v.v.) ***White, rarely yellow. 2437. C. vermicularis Fr. Vermicularis, pertaining to worms. R. 6-12 cm. high, 3-5 mm. broad, shining white, elongate fusiform, attenuated at both ends, compressed, with a longitudinal channel down the middle, often twisted, hollow, apex acute, often becoming brownish when weathered, very brittle. Flesh white, fragile. Spores white, ellip- tical, with a basal apiculus, 5-7 x 3-4 /LI, with a large central gutta; "basidia small, 30 x 6-7 /x, with 4-sterigmata. Hyphae parallel, septate, with rather long cells, pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section, central cells 10-15/z in diam., with smaller cells intermixed" CLAVARIA 717 Cotton & Wakef. Taste pleasant, like cheese straws when cooked. Edible. Densely caespitose. Amongst long grass in woods, and pas- tures. May Nov. Common, (v.v.) 2438. C. fragilis (Holmsk.) Fr. (= Clavaria vermicularis Fr. sec. Cotton.) Fragilis, brittle. R. 5-6 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, white, or yellow, simple, cylindrical, slightly attenuated downwards, apex subobtuse, or slightly pointed, stuffed, becoming hollow, fragile. Flesh white, or slightly yellowish, loose. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 89 x 5 6/z, with granular contents. Edible. Fasciculate. Heaths, and pastures, rarely in woods. Aug. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) ****Fuliginous, or blackish. 2439. C. striata (Pers.) Fr. Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 3, fig. 5. Striata, furrowed. R. 3-5 cm. high, 3-4 mm. wide, sub/uliginous, cylindrical, at- tenuated at the apex and base, extreme base white, somewhat twisted, here and there longitudinally striate, compressed, apex subobtuse, stuffed, then hollow. Flesh white, loose. Spores white, subglobose, with a basal apiculus, 3-4 x 2-3/i. Amongst grass under beeches. Sept. Rare. 2440. C. fumosa (Pers.) Fr. Krombh. t. 53, fig. 18. Fumosa, smoky. R. 5-14 cm. high, 3-7 mm. thick, fuliginous, cylindrical, or in- crassated at the apex, straight, subcompressed, hollow, somewhat fragile. Flesh white, loose. Spores white, elliptical, somewhat pointed towards the base, 6-7 x 4/u,, contents granular; "basidia incon- spicuous, 35 x 6-7 \L, with 24 short sterigmata. Hyphae parallel, with short, cylindrical cells, 30-50 x 10-15/z, pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Densely caespitose. Amongst grass in pastures, and on lawns, rarely in woods. Aug. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) B. Clubs distinct at the base. *Yellow, ochraceous, or tawny, often becoming rufescent. 2441. C. pistillaris (Linn.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 104, no. 235. Pistillaris, like a pestle. R. 7-30 cm. high, 2-5 cm. broad, light yellow, then rufescent, finally dingy brown, obovate-clavate, obtuse, pruinose, stuffed. Flesh white, floccose, firm. Spores white, or tinged yellowish, pip-shaped, or elliptic-oblong with a lateral apiculus, 12-13 x 7-8/i, often 1-guttu- late; "basidia about 70 fi long, with 2-4-sterigmata " Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 718 CLAVARIA 2442. C. ligula (Schaeff.) Fr. Ligula, a little tongue. R. 3-6 cm. high, 1-1-5 cm. broad, yellowish, then pallid rufescent, elongato-clavate, obtuse, base villose, white, stuffed. Flesh white, floccose, loose. Spores white, elliptical, often with a lateral apiculus, 10 x 5 6 fj,, contents granular; "basidia conspicuous, 40 x 6 8/u,, with 4-sterigmata" Cotton & Wakef. Edible. Woods. Aug. Oct. Un- common, (v.v.) 2443. C. contorta (Holmsk.) Fr. (= Clavaria fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr. sec. von Hoehn. and Bourd. & Galz.) Boud. Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. xxxin, t. 1, fig. 5. Contorta, twisted. R. -5-2 cm. high, 2-6 mm. thick, watery yellowish, often tinged with brown, erumpent, simple, sometimes spathulate, somewhat twisted, wrinkled, obtuse, compressed, stuffed. Flesh yellowish, floccose, loose. Spores white, almond-shaped, 12-14 x 9 /A, contents granular, "fusi- form, 1518 x 7 9/x," Boud.; "basidia rather large, very distinct, 50 x 10/i, contents minutely granular, with 4-sterigmata. Internal structure in longitudinal section of long cells, 10-15^i in diam., with narrower elements on either side; latex tubes present" Cotton <fc Wakef. Dead twigs. Oct. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2444. C. fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr. Fistulosa, full of holes. R. 10-20 cm. high, 2 mm. thick, yellow, then rufescent, cylindrical, subobtuse, straight, or curved, often contorted at the base, hollow; root short, vittose. Flesh yellowish, firm. Spores white, verrucose ("smooth" Cotton), pip-shaped, or subfusiform, 12 x 7/u, with a large central gutta; "basidia conspicuous, about 40 /a long, with 4 erect sterigmata, contents finely granular. Internal structure possessing a system of lacticiferous hyphae, aseptate, frequently branched, 6/u, in diam., contents granular" Cotton & Wakef. Dead branches, and pea sticks. Nov. Feb. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2445. C. Ardenia (Sow.) Fr. (= Clavaria fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr. sec. Quel.) Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 215. Ardenia, Lady Arden. R. 12-30 cm. high, 8 mm. broad at the apex, ferruginous, then dote brown, elongate, incrossoted at the obtuse or acute apex, hollow, base tomentose, not rooting. Flesh yellowish, rigid, firm. Spores white, oblong elliptical, attenuated towards the base, 15 x 6/x, contents granular. Fallen branches, and mosses. Sept. Dec. Uncommon. (v.v.) C. tuberosa (Sow.) Berk. = Calocera tuberosa (Sow.) Fr. 2446. C. juncea (A. & S.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 176. Juncea, like a rush. R. 5-15 cm. high, 1-2 mm. thick, pallid, then rufescent, filiform, flaccid, fistulose, apex acute, creeping base fibrillose. Flesh yellowish. CLAVARIA 719 Spores white, elliptical, sometimes depressed on the side towards the base, 8-9 x 4-5/z, 1-guttulate; "basidia small, 30-35 x 6-7(-8)/u, with 4-sterigmata, slightly vacuolar. Internal structure parenchyma- tous in transverse section, with occasional large air spaces " Cotton & Wakef. Amongst leaves in woods. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) **White, or greyish. 2447. C. canaliculate Fr. (= Clavaria rugosa (Bull.) Fr. sec. Cotton & Wakef.) Canaliculata, channelled. R. 3-20 cm. high, 46 mm. thick, snow white, or greyish, clavate, or cylindrical, at length compressed, channelled, or splitting longitu- dinally, stuffed, then hollow. Flesh white, loose. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 11-12 x 7/x, with a large central gutta. Solitary, rarely in pairs, or threes. Heaths, and pastures. Sept. Oct. Rare, (v.v.) 2448. C. tenuipes B. & Br. (= Pistillaria tenuipes (B. & Br.) Massee.) B. & Br. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, vol. n, t. 9, fig. 2. Tennis, thin; pes, foot. R. 1-5-6 cm. high, 210 mm. wide, pallid clay colour, pale grey to drab-coloured, clavate, or cylindrical, often compressed, smooth, or slightly rugulose, apex blunt, hollow when old. Stem slender, 1-2 cm. x 2-3 mm., more or less sharply marked. Flesh concolorous, loose. Spores white, elliptical, or oval, often with a minute basal apiculus, 6-9 x 4-5 n, guttulate, then granular, "basidia 30-40 x 7-9 p, with 4-sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure consisting of loosely packed, oblong cells, 8-10/x in diam., cells 50-150/x long, hyphae unbranched " Cotton & Wakef. Isolated, or in small groups. Amongst short grass, bare soil, and old charcoal heaps, on heaths, pastures, and in woods. Sept. Jan. (v.v.) 2449. C. asterospora Pat. Pat. Tab. Anal. ser. 2 (1886), fig. 568. d<rTijp, a star; <nropd, seed. R. 2-3 cm. high, pure white, simple, slender, cylindrical, apex blunt, or pointed, smooth, hollow. St. slender, greenish at the base, not markedly distinct from the club. Flesh brittle. Spores hyaline, with long, scattered spines, globose, spore body 7-8 /u, in diam.; basidia clavate, 30-40 x 8/t, with 4-sterigmata. Internal structure pseudo- parenchymatous in transverse section. Bare soil. Rare. 2450. C. acuta (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 333. Acuta, pointed. R. 3-7 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, glistening white, cylindrical, or compressed, smooth, becoming hollow, very brittle, attenuated ; apex acute, or obtuse. Stem usually very distinct, 1-2 cm. long. Flesh white, loose. Spores white, subglobose, minutely apiculate, 7-10 x 6-9 /z, guttulate, then granular; "basidia 30-35 x 7-8 /A, with 4- sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure pseudoparenchy- 720 CLAVABIA. TYPHULA matous in transverse section, cells av. 10/z in diam." Cotton. Iso- lated, or in twos or threes. Amongst short grass in woods, pastures, shady lawns, and in flower-pots. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2451. C. Crosslandii Cotton. Charles Crossland, the well-known Yorkshire mycologist. R. 2-3 cm. high, 13 mm. thick, greyish white, or grey, becoming darker with age, cylindrical, apex usually pointed, brittle. Stem hardly distinct. Flesh somewhat darker than the hymenium. Spores white, pip-shaped, 4-5 x 2-5-3 /z; basidia 20-25 x 4 5 /A, with 4- sterigmata, contents granular. Internal structure pseudoparenchy- matous in transverse section, cells 5-8 /n in diam. Isolated, or fascicu- late. Amongst short grass in woods. Sept. Rare. 2452. C. tenerrima Massee & Crossl. (? = Clavaria acuta (Sow.) Fr. sec. Cotton.) Tenerrima, very delicate. R. 1-5-4 cm. high, 1-2 mm. thick, hyaline or shining white, simple, cylindrical, flexuose, smooth, subattenuated above, but by no means acute, not narrowed at the base, stuffed, firm. Spores hyaline, verru- cose, subglobose, apiculate, 8-9 p; basidia with 4-sterigmata. Gre- garious but distinct at the base. Amongst short grass. C. uncialis Grev. = Pistillaria uncialis (Grev.) Cost. & Dufour. ***Rosy. 2453. C. incarnata Weinm. Incarnata, flesh colour. R. 1-4 cm. high, 2-3 mm. thick, flesh colour, or rosy, cylindrical, or compressed, pointed, or blunt, pruinose, base whitish, hairy, solid. Flesh purple, sometimes white, firm. Spores white, broadly elliptical, or pear-shaped, 10 x 6-7 p, 1-guttulate; " basidia 35-40 x 7-8(-10)/Lt, contents finely granular, with 4 erect sterigmata. Hyphae loosely interwoven, frequently septate, cells 50-100 x 5-10/i, with trumpet- shaped expansions in the subhymenial layer, pseudoparenchymatous in transverse section" Cotton & Wakef. Gregarious. Bare soil in woods. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) Typhula (Pers.) Fr. (Typha, the reed-mace.) Receptacle fleshy, waxy, or tough, erect, simple, very rarely branched, cylindrically clavate, with a long, thin stem, often springing from a sclerotium. Hymenium smooth, confined to the clavate portion of the receptacle. Spores white, oblong, ovate, subglobose, pip- shaped, or subcylindrical, smooth; basidia clavate, with 2-4-sterig- mata. Cystidia none, or inconspicuous. Growing on dead leaves, herbaceous stems, twigs and wood. TYPHULA 721 *Springing from a sclerotium at the base. 2454. T. erythropus (Bolt.) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 43, as Phacoriza erythropus. epvQpos, red; TTOV^, foot. R. 1-2 cm. high, club white, 4-6 mm. long, cylindrical, linear, smooth. Stem reddish black, 12 mm., filiform, often twisted, springing from an elliptical, brown, or blackish sclerotium (sclerotium some- times wanting), clothed with concolorous hairs at the base. Spores white, oblong, or subcylindrical, sometimes depressed on the side, 6-9 x 3-4/i. Dead leaves, and sticks, and dead herbaceous stems. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2455. T. phacorrhiza (Reich.) Fr. Stev. Brit. Fung, n, p. 304, fig. 94. <a/eo5, a lentil; pia, root. R. 2-5-7-5 cm. high, brownish, filiform, acute, paler and tomentose at the base, flexuose, springing from a compressed, pallid, then fuscous sclerotium. Flesh concolorous. Spores white, subglobose, 7-8 x 7jn, with a large central gutta. Dead leaves, and herbaceous stems. Oct. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2456. T. incarnata (Lasch) Fr. Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 93, as Phacorhiza filiformis. Incarnata, flesh colour. R. 5-10 cm. high, whitish, fiesh colour upwards, filiform, cylindrical, attenuated and hairy downwards, springing from a compressed, fus- cous sclerotium. Spores white, "subglobose, 5 x 4/i," Massee. Dead herbaceous stems. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 2457. T. gyrans (Batsch) Fr. yvpos, a circle. R. 1-4 cm. high, white, very slender, subcylindrical, or subfusi- form, 3 5 mm. long; stem hyaline, diaphanous, filiform, pubescent, springing from an elliptical, pallid, then fuscous sclerotium. Spores white, "oblong, 56 x 2 /A" Pat. Straw, dead stems of grasses, and twigs. Oct. Uncommon. T. muscicola (Pers.) Fr. = Eocronartium muscicola (Pers.) Fitzpat. **No sclerotium at the base. 2458. T. Grevfflei Fr. Dr Robert Kaye Greville, the eminent Scotch mycologist. R. 5-12 mm. high, white, club elliptical, 2-3 mm., obtuse. Stem filiform, pilose. Spores white, pip-shaped, or oblong with a lateral apiculus, 4-5 x 2/i. Dead leaves, especially alder, and poplar. Sept. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2459. T. filiformis (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 448, fig. 1, as Clavaria filiformis. Filum, a thread ; forma, shape. R. 2-5-7-5 cm. high, club white, cylindrical, fusiform; stem date B. B. B. 46 722 TYPHULA. PISTILLARIA brown, filiform, somewhat branched, decumbent, smooth.. Spores white, "about 5-4 /A" Massee. Amongst dead leaves. Nov. Rare. 2460. T. gracillima White ex B. & Br. Gracillima, very slender. R. -5-2 cm. high, white, club elongate ; stem very slender, curved, smooth. Various herbaceous plants. 2461. T. gracilis Berk. & Desm. B. & Br. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, no. 84, t. 8, fig. 1. Gracilis, slender. R. 2-3 mm. high, club pallid, simple, or forked, acute, rough with spores and little prominent bristles; stem short, distinct, smooth, or strigose with " hyaline, flexuose hairs, 100-200 x 1-3 /z. Spores white, oblong, 7-9 x 3-5-4 /A; basidia 21-28 x 6/x, with 2-sterigmata. Hyphae 3-9/t in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Rotten leaves. Dec. Un- common. 2462. T. tenuis (Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 386, fig. 5, as Clavaria tennis. Tenuis, thin. R. 4-6 mm. }ngh, fuscous black, club thickened, smooth; stem fili- form. Rotten wood in cellar. Rare. 2463. T. translucens B. & Br. (Not a fungus sec. Massee.) Translucens, transparent. R. white, minute, pellucid, club irregular, somewhat obovate ; stem short, thickened upwards. On the ground. Oct. Rare. T pusilla Schroet. = Pistillaria pusilla (Pers.) Fr. Pistillaria Fr. (Pistillum, a pestle.) Receptacle fleshy, or waxy, erect, simple, very rarely forked, club- shaped, with a short, thick, glabrous, or villose stem, rarely springing from a sclerotium. Hymenium smooth, confined to the clavate por- tion of the receptacle. Spores white, oblong, elliptical, subcylindrical, pruniform oblong, oblong elliptical, or sausage-shaped, smooth; basidia clavate, with 1-2-4-sterigmata. Cystidia none, or incon- spicuous. Growing on dead herbaceous stems, and leaves. *Rosy. 2464. P. micans (Pers.) Fr. Boud. Icon. t. 177. Micans, sparkling. R. -5-1 mm. high, club glistening rose colour, obovate, or oblong, obtuse, pruinose; stem white, or concolorous, cylindrical. Flesh con- colorous, soft. Spores white, elliptical, or oblong elliptical, 8-12 x 6-7 \L ; basidia 35-40 x 7-8 fi, with 2-4-sterigmata. Dead herbaceous stems, and leaves, especially thistles. July Feb. Not uncommon. (**) PISTILLARIA 723 **Tawny. 2465. P. fulgida Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 391, as Clavaria minuta. Fulgida, shining. R. 1-3 mm. high, club tawny, or tawny orange, cylindrical, or lanceo- late, subacute, flexuose, smooth; stem whitish, or yellow, equal, or constricted at the apex. Spores white, "oblong or subcylindrical, obliquely attenuated at the base, 8-10 x 4-5-5^; basidia 18-25 x 7-9 jj,, with 2-4-sterigmata" Bourd. & Galz. Stems of Dipsacuspilosus, and Helianthus tuberosus. Sept. Rare. ***White, or yellowish. 2466. P. culmigena Mont. & Fr. Ann. Sc. Nat. (1836), t. 12, fig. 2. Culmus, stalk; gena, borne. R. 1-5-3 mm. high, hyaline pellucid, club ovate, obtuse, compressed; stem distinct, very short. Flesh white, soft, then cartilaginous. Spores white, "elliptical cylindrical, 6-7 /n" Quel. Dead grass stems. Oct. Jan. Not uncommon. 2467. P. quisquiliaris Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 334, fig. 1, as Clavaria obtusa. Quisquiliaris, pertaining to refuse. R. 3-8 mm. high, whitish,, club-shaped, oval, rarely bifid, more or less compressed, attenuated downwards, smooth, sometimes springing from a minute sclerotium. Flesh white, soft, then rigid. Spores white, sausage-shaped, or oblong, and depressed on one side, 12-15 x 5-6/n, contents granular. Dead fern stems, especially bracken. April Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2468. P. ovata (Pers.) Fr. Ovata, ovate. R. 4-6 mm. high, white, club ovate, or obovate, subglobose, pyri- form, or turbinate, hollow, attenuated downwards into a smooth, diaphanous stem. Spores white, "pruniform oblong, 12/4 " Quel. Dead elm, and bramble leaves. Rare. 2469. P. furcata W. G. Sm. ex Cke. Furcata, forked. R. 2-5-3 cm. high, white, or yellowish, compressed, broad at the apex, attenuated downwards, generally furcate. Flesh waxy, then tough. Caespitose. In greenhouses. 2470. P. uncialis (Grev.) Cost. & Dufour. (= Clavaria uncialis Grev. ; Ceratella uncialis (Grev.) Quel.) Grev. Scot. Crypt. Fl. t. 98, as Clavaria uncialis. Uncialis, a twelfth part. R. 1-2-5 cm., white, becoming yellowish with age, cylindrical, gradually attenuated downwards, obtuse, smooth, naked, flexuose, stuffed. 462 724 PISTILLARIA. PTERULA Flesh white, tough. Spores white, "elliptical, 5 x 3/x" Massee. Dead stems of herbaceous plants, especially umbellifers. May Nov. Un- common. 2471. P. puberula Berk. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 334, fig. 2, as Clavaria obtusa. Puberula, somewhat downy. R. 26 mm. high, white, obovate, ventricose ; stem short, distinct, equal, or attenuated upwards, pellucid, tomentose. Flesh white, be- coming firm. Spores white, "elliptical, 5 x 3/x" Massee. Dead bracken stems. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2472. P. pusffla (Pers.) Fr. Pusilla, very small. R. -52 mm. high, white, linear, or slightly thickened upwards, nodding when dry, smooth, even, with no distinct stem. Flesh white, soft, then firm. Spores white, oblong elliptical, 10 x 4^t; basidia with 2-sterigmata. Dead leaves. Sept. Feb. Not uncommon, (v.v.) ****Purple. 2473. P. purpurea W. G. Sm. Purpurea, purple. R. 2 mm. high, purple, obovate. St. whitish. Spores white, 4 x 3/x. Damp rotten leaves. Rare. Pterula Fr. (irrepov, a feather.) Receptacle firm, tough, filiform, branched, or simple, branches equal. Hymenium smooth. Spores white, oval, elliptical, or pip- shaped, smooth; basidia with 2 4-sterigmata. Cystidia none, or in- conspicuous. Growing on the ground, or on wood. 2474. P. subulate Fr. Subulata, awl-shaped. R. 3-4 cm. high, whitish cinereous, densely branched, tense and straight, equal, except at the attenuated base, tough. Branches be- coming yellow, growing into each other, multifid at the apex, awl- shaped, smooth, not thicker than a fine thread. Spores white, "oval, 8-10 x 5-7 /LI" Rabenh. Densely tufted. On wood amongst pines and in gardens. Uncommon. 2475. P. multifida Fr. Fr. Icon. t. 200, fig. 2. Multifida, many cleft. R. 2-5-5 cm. high, pallid whitish, then dirty pale yellowish, and finally brownish, almost black when dried, very much branched, very delicate, flaccid, but slightly tough. Branches tense and straight, not much thicker than a hair, heaped as if swept together, subfastigiate, apex spear-shaped, or crisped. Spores white, pip-shaped, or elliptical, depressed on one side with a lateral apiculus, 6 x 3/i, contents granular. Dead branches and running over pine needles. Sept. Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) EXOBASIDIUM 725 EXOBASIDUNEAE. **Parasites. EXOBASIDIALES. Hymenium effused, rarely consisting of basidia only. Parasitic on leaves, etc. (especially Ericaceae). EXOBASIDIACEAE. Same characters as the order. Exobasidium Woronin. (e, out of; basidium, a basidium.) Mycelium vegetating in the interior of the living host, and giving rise, on the exterior, to basidia. Hymenium discontinuous. Spores white, elongate fusiform, or oblong reniform, smooth, simple, or septate; basidia cylindrical, with 4-5-6-sterigmata. Cystidia none. Parasitic on living leaves and stems. 2476. E. Vaccinii (Fuck.) Woron. (= Exobasidium Andromedae Peck; Exobasidium Azaleae Peck; Exobasidium Rhododendri Cramer.) Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. I, 1**, fig. 65. Vaccinium, whortle-berry. Galls 1-2 cm., greyish, innate, effused, hypophyllous, or amphigenous, usually orbicular, or elongated, forming a scurfy or felted hymenium. Spores white, elongate fusiform, often curved, 10-20 x 2-5-5 /JL, some- times 1-septate, and becoming 3-septate on germination. Leaves, young shoots, and flowers of Vaccinium Myrtillus, Vaccinium Vitis- idaea, Rhododendron ferrugineum, Rhododendron hirsutum, Rhodo- dendron Wilsonii, and Azalea pontica. May Oct. Not uncommon. (v.v.) 2477. E. japonicum Shirai. Japonica, Japanese. Galls 1-3 cm., subcuticular. Spores oblong-reniform, 14-5 x 4//,. Leaves and terminal shoots of Rhododendron indicum. Uncommon. HETEROBASIDIAE. Basidia longitudinally divided, transversely septate, or simple; spores on germination producing sporidiola, or a mycelium, but the former only in the case of the simple basidia. AURICULARIALES. Basidia transversely septate, cylindrical, straight, or curved, con- sisting of either probasidia, or normal basidia. Spores producing sporidiola, or a mycelium on germination. 726 HELICOBASIDIUM. PLATYGLOEA 1. Parasites, with or without probasidia. PUCCINIINEAE ~\ COLEOSPOEIINEAE f Not dealt with in the present work. USTILAGINEAE J 2. Saprophytes, without probasidia. AURICULARIINEAE. Hymenium fully exposed from the first. AURICULARIACEAE. Same characters as suborder. Helicobasidium Pat. (e\t, twisted; basidium, a basidium.) Receptacle membranaceous, soft, floccose; effused, incrusting. Hymenium smooth. Basidia cylindrical, more or less incurved, trans- versely 2-4-septate, with subulate, unilateral sterigmata. Spores white, oval, or pear-shaped, smooth, producing, on germination, either sporidiola, or a mycelium. Growing on humus, or wood. 2478. H. purpureum (Tul.) Pat. (= Corticium lilacinum Quel.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 7. Purpureum, purple. R. 3-6 cm., dingy reddish purple, margin paler, broadly effused, in- crusting, indeterminate, adnate, inseparable. Hymenium concolorous, then deep vinous colour, and covered with a white pruina. Flesh whitish, floccose, loose, thin. Spores white, pear-shaped, 10-12 x 6-8 JLI; basidia cylindrical, incurved, 3-5 /u, in diam., 3-septate. Basal hyphae pale brown, 4-7 (JL in diam., septate, without clamp con- nections. Half buried ash bough amongst leaf debris. March. Rare. (v.v.) Platygloea Schroeter. (7r\aTv<;, broad; y\oia, glue.) Receptacle homogeneous, waxy, gelatinous, or coriaceous gela- tinous, tubercular, wart-like, or consisting of spreading, or erect, convolute plates. Hymenium smooth, unilateral, or amphigenous; basidia cylindrical, straight, palisade-like, transversely septate, with long sterigmata. Spores white, oval, or elliptical, obtuse, or apiculate, straight, or curved; producing sporidiola on germination. Growing on dead wood. 2479. P. efiusa Schroet. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs, p. 138. Effusa, spread out. R. greyish, then whitish, effused, closely adnate, thin, subgelatinous, firm. Hymenium concolorous, pulverulent under a lens. Spores white, smooth, elliptical, or ovate, with an oblique apiculus, 7-8-10 x 4-5 /x; AURICULARIA 727 basidia elongate, cylindrical, wavy, apex frequently incurved, and almost circinate, transversely 4-septate, 40-50 x 4-5 /*. Subhymenial hyphae thin, guttulate, l-2ju, in diam., arising erect and parallel from a compact, pseudoparenchymatous basal stratum of broader hyphae, 4-5 /A in diam. Fallen branches. June. Rare. Auricularia (Bull.) (= Hirneola Fr. p.p.). (Auricula, the ear.) Receptacle gelatinous-coriaceous, cartilaginous when dry; dimi- diate, or cup-shaped, substipitate, or sessile; consisting of three layers, the upper layer thin and compact, very rarely glabrous, generally tomentose with thick, cylindrical, simple, erect or decum- bent hairs, the intermediate layer consisting of thin, gelatinous hyphae forming a compact tissue, and the lower layer forming the hymenium. Hymenium smooth, reticulate, or ribbed, fully exposed from the first. Basidia cylindrical, transversely 3-septate, with long, thin sterigmata, and forming a firm, palisade-like layer. Spores white, cylindrical, oblong, or subreniform, producing sporidiola on germination. Grow- ing on wood. 2480. A. mesenterica (Dicks.) Fr. RoUand, Champ, t. 106, no. 242. yu-eo-o?, middle; evrepov, intestine. R. 5-30 cm., fuscous cinereous, grey, or tawny, resupinate, often cup-shaped, then confluent and reflexed, imbricate, flexuose, villose, fasciato-zoned. Hymenium pale, or greyish, then fuscous violaceous, costato-plicate, pruinose with the spores. Flesh fuscous, gelatinous, then cartilaginous. Spores white, cylindrical, curved, 17-20 x 6-7 /x, 1-3-guttulate. Stumps and felled trunks, especially elm. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. lobata (Sommerf.) Quel. Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 18, fig. 1, as Auricularia lobata. Lobata, lobed. Differs from the type in the lobed margin of the p. Stumps. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2481. A. auricula- Judae (Linn.) Schroet. (= Hirneola auricula- Judae (Linn.) Berk.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 18, fig. 7, as Hirneola auricula- Judae. Auricula, ear; Judae, of a Jew. R. 2-8 cm., grey, then olivaceous, or brownish, and finally black, cup-shaped, hemispherical, concave, then ear-shaped, flexuose, pli- cate, transparent, tomentose with subbulbous hairs. Hymenium pale, then greyish and finally fuscous, smooth, then venoso-plicate. Flesh whitish, gelatinous, then cartilaginous, tough. Spores white, oblong, or cylindrical, curved, 16-20 x 6-9/A, often 2-guttulate. Edible. Common on old elders, more rarely on beech, elm, oak, walnut, willow, holly and Berber is arcuata. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 728 AURICULABIA. EOCRONARTITJM. STILBUM 2482. A. polytricha (Mont.) Pat. (= Hirneola polytricha Mont.) Jungh. Fl. Crypt. Jav. Ins. t. 13, as Exidia purpurascens. TroXvOpii;, with much hair. R. 2-8 cm., greyish, cup-shaped, hemispherical, then expanded and ear-shaped, sessile, or extended behind into a short, oblique stem; margin undulate, densely covered on the outside with long, obtuse, greyish or tawny hairs, 400 x 5-9 fj,. Hymenium pale, then brownish purple, and finally becoming blackish, smooth. Flesh pale, or brownish, subgelatinous, then horny, tough, elastic, thick. Spores white, sub- reniform, "20-22 x 8/z," Sacc.; basidia cylindrical, 85-90 x 6-7 p, 3-septate. Wooden fire blocks. April Nov. Uncommon, (v.v.) Eocronartium Atkinson (= Clavaria p.p. ; Helicobasidium sec. Pat.). (970)9, dawn; cronartium, the genus Cronartium.) Receptacle subgelatinous, tough, filamentous, erect, filiform, or subu- late. Hymenium smooth. Basidia cylindrical, transversely 3-septate. Spores white, continuous, producing a mycelium on germination. Growing on mosses. 2483. E. muscicola (Pers.) Fitzpat. (= Typhula muscicola (Pers.) Fr.) Pers. Obs. Myc. n, t. 3, fig. 2, as Clavaria muscicola Pers. Muscus, moss; colo, I inhabit. R. 5-7-5 cm. high, white, simple, filiform, clavate, club cylindrical, attenuated into a thin, long, smooth st., obtuse, 2-4 mm. thick. Flesh white, thin. Spores white, " fusoid, curved or inequilateral, granular, 18-24 x 3-5-5 ju," Atk. Basidia cylindrical, "curved, or more or less sinuous, 25-40 x 6-9/x, 3-5-septate. Sterigmata flexuous elongate, usually 10-20 x 3-4ja" Atk. Mosses. Aug. Oct. Uncommon, (v.v.) Stilbum (Tode) Juel. (o-Tt'X/3&>, I shine.) Receptacle erect, globose, stipitate. Hymenium consisting of branched threads terminated by a basidium. Basidia short, pear- shaped, transversely 1-septate. Spores white, elliptical. Growing on dead wood. 2484. S. vulgare (Tode) Juel. Tode, Fung. Mecklenb. t. 2, fig. 16. Vulgare, common. R. 1-2 mm. high, white, then yellowish, globose. St. concolorous, becoming thinner upwards, fibrous, smooth. Spores white, "ellip- tical, hyaline, 8 x 5-6 /n" Massee. Rotten wood, oak cupules, etc. Sept. Nov. Common, (v.v.) ECCHYNA. TREMELLA 729 ECCHYNINEAE. Hymenium inclosed within a peridium. ECCHYNACEAE. Same characters as suborder. Ecchyna Fr. (eK'xyvw, I pour out.) Peridium fibrillose, subglobose, stipitate, or substipitate, thin, fuga- cious. Gleba threads radiating, branched, flexuose at the ends. Basidia cylindrical, straight, or curved, transversely 3-septate ; bearing sessile, or very short pedicellate spores; scattered, or in tufts on the lower portions of the threads. Spores fawn colour, elliptical, or subglobose, smooth, producing sporidiola on germination. Growing on wood. 2485. E. faginea (B. & Br.) Fr. (= Pilacre faginea B. & Br.; Pilacre Petersii Berk. & Curt. 1 ) B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 380, 1. 11, fig. 5, as Pilacre faginea. Faginea, pertaining to beech. P. 3-6 mm. high, 1-3 mm. across, whitish, or fawn colour, forming a globose head, smooth, then pulverulent. St. concolorous, or be- coming block with age. Flesh fawn colour, floccose, loose. Spores fawn colour, elliptical, or subglobose, depressed or umbilicate on the one side, 5-6 x 4-5 /u,; basidia cylindrical, 3-septate. Hyphae concolorous, 3-4 /A in diam., with numerous clamp connections. Beech, ash, horn- beam, and holly. Sept. Jan. Not uncommon. TREMELLALES. Basidia subglobose, longitudinally, or vertically, cruciately divided into 24 parts. Spores producing sporidiola or a mycelium on germina- tion. TBEMELLACEAE. Same characters as the order. Tremella (Dill.) Fr. (Tremo, I tremble.) Receptacle gelatinous, or waxy, soft; foliaceous, brain-like, or tubercular. Hymenium spread over the whole surface, very rarely papillate. Basidia amphigenous, superficial, or immersed. Conidia on the same receptacle, preceding, or accompanying the spores. Spores white, rarely yellowish, globose, subglobose, oval, elliptical, 1 Bayliss- Elliott and Grove hazard the opinion that both these species are only conidial forms of Boeder ia pallida Sacc., but the transversely septate basidia, and frequent clamp connections of the hyphae seem to disprove this conclusion. 730 TREMELLA or pyriform; smooth, or punctate; producing sporidiola on germina- tion, or tufts of conidia, that bud in a yeast-like manner. Hyphae filamentous, thin, gelatinous, sometimes inclosing mineral concretions, which form an irregular central nucleus. Growing on wood, rarely on the ground. I. Foliaceous, divided up into lobes, and variously twisted. 2486. T. fimbriata (Pers.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 272, as Tre- mella verticalis. Fimbriata, fringed. R. 5-7'5 cm. high and broad, olivaceous, inclining to black, erect, corrugated; lobes flaccid, incised at the margin, undulato-fimbriate. Flesh gelatinous, very soft. Spores white, " subpyrif orm " Massee, "5-7 /x long" Moll. Caespitose. Darkening water when soaked in it, and staining the fingers black. Dead branches, especially alder. Nov. Feb. Rare. 2487. T. frondosa Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 499, fig. T, as Tre- mella quercina. Frondosa, leafy. R. 10-12 cm., yellow inclining to pale, or pale pinkish yellow, spathu- late, or tongue-shaped, large, even, plicate at the base; lobes gyroso- undulated. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, thin, except at the base. Spores white, subglobose, apiculate at the base, 8-10/z, 1-2-guttu- late. Caespitose. Stumps, and fallen branches, especially oak. July Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2488. T. foliacea (Pers.) Fr. non Bref. Bres. Fung. Trid. n, t. 209, fig. 1. Foliacea, leafy. R. 3-10 cm., cinnamon flesh colour, rarely deep brown, or tinged umber violaceous, very much lobed and waved, segments thin, springing from a plicate base. Flesh paler, gelatinous, subdiaphanous. Spores white, minutely punctate, globose, 5-7 /LI; basidia 15-16 x 10-14/A. Hyphae 1-4/x in diam. Caespitose. Coniferous stumps, and branches, more rarely on deciduous trees. July Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2489. T. lutescens Pers. Pers. Icon, et Descr. t. 8, fig. 9. Lutescens, becoming yellow. R. 13 cm., yellowish, tubercular, then undulato-gyrose, lobes entire, naked. Flesh yellowish, gelatinous, subdeliquescent, pellucid. Spores white, "oval elliptic, 10-16 x 7-10/u, 1-pluri-guttulate ; basidia ovoid, 19-25 x 17-18/i. Hyphae 1-3/x in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Stumps, and fallen branches. Aug. May. Common, (v.v.) II. Brain-like, with obtuse, and twisted veins. 2490. T. mesenterica (Retz.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 105, no. 237. /ie<ro9, middle; evrepov, intestine. R. 1-8 cm., orange,, variously contorted, brain-like, plicato-undu- TREMELLA 731 late, gyrose, pruinose with the spores. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, becoming firm, tough. Spores white, broadly elliptical, 13-14 x 7-8 (JL; "basidia 15-20 x 12-18 fj,. Conidia ovoid globose, 3-5 /u. in diam. Hyphae 2-3/u in diam." BoUrd. & Galz. Dead branches, sticks, rails, furze, broom, and ivy. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2491. T. vesicaria Sm. Engl. Bot. t. 2451. Vesicaria, bladdery. R. 5 cm. high and broad, pallid, or yellowish, erect, undulated, gyrose. Flesh pale, bladdery, very viscid. Spores "11 x 6/u"B. &Br. On the ground. Sept. Rare. 2492. T. albida (Huds.) Fr. Engl. Bot. t. 2117. (= Dacryomyces hyalinus Pers. sec. Quel.) Albida, whitish. R. 1-4 cm., whitish, hyaline, becoming brownish, erumpent, undu- lated, somewhat gyrose, pruinose. Flesh whitish, gelatinous, sub- diaphanous, fairly thick. Spores white, globose, often with an obtuse apiculus at the base, 9-10/u,; "basidia 12-23 x 12-15, with 100/i and more long sterigmata" Bourd. & Galz. Hyphae hyaline, 2-3 p in diam., with a few clamp connections. Fallen branches, sticks and rails. Sept. May. Common, (v.v.) III. Crustaceous, effused, smooth. 2493. T. epigaea B. & Br. (= Sebacina laciniata (Bull.) Bres. f. epigaea B. & Br. sec. Bourd. & Maire.) Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, u, t. 9, fig. 3. 7rt7ato9, upon the earth. R. 3-10 cm., white, effused, gyroso-plicate, sprinkled with the white spores. Flesh white, gelatinous, thin. Spores white, subglobose, 6 x 4/n. Naked soil. Aug. Sept. Rare. IV. Tubercular, small, suberumpent. 2494. T. violacea (Relh.) Fr. Violacea, violet. R. 3-8 mm., violaceous, becoming black when dry, erumpent, sub- compressed, gyrose. Flesh paler, gelatinous, then firm, 2 mm. thick. Spores "cream citron, punctate, ovoid, 5/z" Quel. Gregarious. Pear trunks. Rare. 2495. T. indecorata Sommerf. Fr. Icon. t. 200, fig. 4. Indecorata, ugly. R. 4-30 mm., dingy, livid, or olivaceous, becoming fuscous, black fuscous when dry, erumpent, convex when moist, then plicate. Flesh dingy, gelatinous, then firm, opaque. Spores white, globose, 6-9/z, minutely punctate. Birch, oak, willow, and poplar. Oct. Nov. Rare. 732 TREMELLA 2496. T. moriformis Berk. (= Tremella nigrescens (Fr.) Quel.) Engl. Bot. t. 2446. Morus, mulberry ; forma, shape. R. 1-2-5 cm., mulberry black, erumpent, spherical, sinuous. Flesh deep violet, translucent, subgelatinous, firm. Spores "subglobose, apiculate, 5 x 4ju," Massee. Stains paper violet, and gives a purple colour when treated with potash. Dead branches of maple, chestnut, Robinia, elm, and plane. June Feb. Rare. 2497. T. tubercularia Berk. Tuberculum, a tubercle. R. 48 mm. high, dingy white, nearly black when dry, erumpent, stipitate, headpileate. St. short, round. Flesh semi-transparent, horny. Spores " subglobose, with a large, obtuse, lateral apiculus, 5-7 x 5-8/t" Bourd. & Maire. Conidia straight, or slightly curved, 2 x -5/x. Fallen branches, especially oak. Oct. Dec. Frequent, (v.v.) T. torta Berk. = Dacryomyces tortus (Berk.) Massee. 2498. T. versicolor Berk. Versicolor, changeable in colour. R. 2-3 mm., orange, at length brown, orbicular, tear-like, convex. Flesh gelatinous, firm. Spores white, "broadly elliptical, apiculate, 6 x 4/Lt" Massee. Peniophora nuda, ash, and briar. Feb. May. Un- 2499. T. atrovirens Fr. Ater, black; wrens, green. R. 1-6 mm., sooty green when moist, blackish when dry, erumpent, pulvinate, gregarious, minutely papillate and rugose. Spores white, "elliptical, 10-12 x 7-9 p; basidia 21-25 x 8-15/>t. Hyphae 1-2 /u, in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead broom branches. Oct. Rare. 2500. T. clavata (Pers.) Berk. (? = the conidial form of Coryne sar- coides (Jacq.) Tul.) Pers. Icon. Pict. t. 10, fig. 2. Clavata, club-shaped. R. 2-5 cm. high, 4 mm. broad, reddish flesh colour, becoming black at the base, club-shaped, solitary, simple, slightly twisted. Stumps. Rare. T. sarcoides Sm. = Coryne sarcoides (Jacq.) Tul. T.foliicola Fuck. ? = Hypocrea rufa (Pers.) Fr. sec. W. G. Sm. V. With a firm, hard nucleus. 2501. T. encephala (Willd.) Quel. (= Naematelia encephala (Willd.) Fr.) Willd. Bot. Mag. I, t. 4, fig. 14, as Tremella encephala Willd. eV, in; e$a\7, head. R. 1-3 cm., pallid flesh colour, pulvinate, subsessile, diaphanous, plicato-rugose, white pruinose, rooting. Nucleus white, large, hard. TREMELLA. PHAEOTREMELLA. GTJEPINIA 733 Spores white, "pear-shaped, or subglobose, 12-16 x 10/x, or 9-10//," Karst. Solitary, or clustered. Conifer branches. Sept. March. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2502. T. rubiformis (Fr.) Quel. (= Naematelia rubiformis FT.) Corda, Icon, i, fig. 299, A. Rubus, blackberry ; forma, shape. R. 4-5 mm., yellow, hemispherical, subsessile, gyroso-tuberculose. Nucleus small. Dead branches, twigs, and moss. Oct. Rare. 2503. T. virescens (Schum.) Quel. (= Naematelia virescens Cda. sec. Fr.) Corda, Icon, in, t. 6, fig. 90, as Naematelia virescens Cda. Virescens, becoming green. R. 5-6 mm., greenish, suborbicular, sessile, depressed, gyroso- tubercular. Flesh subgelatinous. Spores white, "elliptical, apiculate, 18 x 11/i " Massee. Rotten wood, furze, ivy. Jan. Dec. Not un- common, (v.v.) Phaeotremella Rea. (<ato9, dark; tremella, the genus Tremella.) Same characters as Tremella, but the spores dark coloured. 2504. P. pseudofoliacea Rea. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. in, t. 20. i/reuS?79, false ;foliacea, the species T.foliacea. R. 4-10 cm., somewhat cinnamon, very much lobed, undulate, smooth, plicate at the base. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, sub- diaphanous. Spores umber, globose, or broadly obovate, 12 x 9-12/t. Conidia hyaline, elliptical, 9 x 6/4. Stumps, and posts. May Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) Guepinia Fr. (= Gyrocephalus Pers.). (Jean Pierre Guepin, a celebrated botanist.) Receptacle gelatinous, firm, erect, ear-shaped, spathulate, or in- fundibuliform, substipitate, or sessile. Hymenium inferior, smooth, or indistinctly veined. Basidia ovoid, vertically cruciately divided into one or two compartments, with long sterigmata. Spores white, oblong, or oval, smooth, producing sporidiola on germination. Grow- ing on the ground, and on wood. 2505. G. helvelloides (DC.) Fr. (= Gyrocephalus rufus (Jacq.) Bref.) Rolland, Champ, t. 105, no. 240, as Guepinia rufa. Helvella, a genus of fungi; etSo9, like. R. 5-10 cm. high, 4-6 cm. broad, rosy orange, becoming red, erect, variable in form, subspathulate, deeply infundibuliform, like Cra- terellus cornucopioides, substipitate, or sessile, diaphanous, entire, or lobed. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or slightly wrinkled, white 734 EXIDIA pruinose. Flesh reddish, gelatinous, then cartilaginous, firm. Spores white, oblong, depressed on one side, 10-12 x 4-5 /n; "basidia ovoid, or oblong, 16-21 x 10-12ju,. Subhymenial hyphae granular, 1'5-3/n in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Under conifers. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. (&) Exidia Fr. (etStw, I exude.) Receptacle gelatinous, soft, pellucid; globose, or hemispherical, marginate, substipitate, or sessile, sterile on the upper surface. Hy- menium inferior, smooth, reticulately veined, foliaceous, even, or papillose with short, sterile papillae. Basidia deeply immersed in the gelatinous hyphae, and covered by a layer traversed by the sterigmata. Spores white, rarely tinged brownish, allantoid, cylindrical, or oblong, smooth, producing on germination, either strongly curved, or straight and rod-like sporidiola, or bunches of cylindrical conidia. Growing on wood. I. Spores on germination giving rise to strongly curved sporidiola. 2506. E. truncate Fr. Truncata, cut off. R. 1-2 cm. high and broad, brown bistre, truncato-plane, hemi- spherical, soft, rough with dots, or granular beneath. St. concolorous, very short, becoming cavernous. Hymenium very black, shining, glandular with concolorous papillae. Flesh brownish, gelatinous, not becoming swollen when moistened. Spores "white, very rarely tinged with brownish bistre, cylindrical, curved, 1420 x 4-5-6 /z; basidia ovoid, 13-18 x 11-13/u,. Hyphae 1-3 fj, in diam., septate, with clamp connections " Bourd. & Galz. Lime, and willow branches. Dec. Rare. 2507. E. intumescens (Sm.) Rea. (= Tremella intumescens Sm.) Engl. Bot. t. 1870, as Tremella intumescens. Intumescens, swollen up. R. 2-5 cm., brown, becoming black when dry, rounded, or conglo- merate, somewhat tortuously lobed, resembling the intestines of some animal, obsoletely punctate. Flesh whitish, streaked with fuscous, gela- tinous, shrivelling to a mere skin when dry. Spores white, "oblong, slightly curved, 13 x 4/i" Karst. Fallen beech trunks, branches, and rails. Oct. Jan. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2508. E. recisa (Ditm.) Fr. Ditm. in Sturm's Deutschl. Fl. i, t. 13, as Tremella recisa Ditm. Recisa, cut off. R. 1-3 cm., fuscous amber colour, truncato-plane, hemispherical, or obconical, somewhat repand, rough with dots beneath. St. con- colorous, short, oblique, excentric. Hymenium brighter coloured, plane, often veined. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, soft, subdiaphanous. Spores white, oblong, or cylindrical, curved, 15-18 x 4-5/t. Willow, sloe, and poplar branches. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) EXIDIA 735 2509. E. glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 420, fig. 1. Glandulosa, full of glands. R. 5-10 cm., blackish, globose, or lens-shaped, truncate, or pendu- lous, somewhat plane, undulate, cinereous and subtomentose beneath, feeling like black crape. Hymenium concolorous, studded with conical papillae. Flesh blackish, gelatinous, diaphanous, soft. Spores white, oblong, or cylindrical, curved, 12-15 x 4-5 ju,; basidia ovoid, 15-21 x 9-11 /A. Hyphae 1-3 //, in diam., with clamp connections. Dead branches, especially bine. Aug. May. Common, (v.v.) 2510. E. nucleata (Schwein.) Rea. (= Naematelia nucleata (Schwein.) Fr.; Tremella gemmata Lev. sec Quel.; Exidia gemmata (Lev.) Bourd. & Maire.) Demid. Exped. t. 4, fig. 1, as Tremella gemmata Lev. Nucleata, having a kernel. R. 2-10 mm., hyaline, or tinged with amethyst or lilac, then opaline and finally brick or flesh colour, date brown when dry, tubercular, round, then pulvinate and undulato-plicate, finally effused, and confluent, 4-5 cm., either inclosing a whitish separable core of oxalate of lime, or without a core (Tremella hyalina Pers.). Spores white, cylindrical, more or less curved, 10-14 x 5-7 fj,; basidia ovoid, 12-16 x 9-12jtt. Hyphae 1-5-3/i in diam. with indistinct clamp connections. Rotten wood, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2511. E. Thuretiana (Lev.) Fr. G. Thuret. R. 1-4 cm., opalescent when fresh, sometimes tinged with pink, effused in thick, undulating, pulvinate, or tuberculate patches, firm, gela- tinous. Hymenium concolorous, pruinose, finally collapsing into a thin, horny, yellowish film. Spores hyaline, cylindrical, curved, 15- 20 x 5-7 //,; basidia longitudinally septate, 15-21 x 11-15/z. Hyphae 1-2-5 p, in diam. Underside of sticks, especially beech. Jan. May. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2512. E. viscosa (Berk.) Rea. (= Tremella viscosa Berk.) Boud. Icon. t. 180, as Tremella viscosa Berk. Viscosa, sticky. R. 1-4 cm., white, with a greyish, or violaceous tinge, flattened, un- dulate, smooth, slightly viscid; margin more or less sinuate. Flesh whitish, gelatinous, diaphanous, somewhat thin. Spores white, oblong, or sausage-shaped, often curved, 16-22 x 6-7 /A. Rotten wood, and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) II. Spores on germination giving rise to straight, or rod-like sporidiola. 2513. E. saccharina Fr. (= Ulocolla saccharina (Fr.) Bref.) Saccharina, like sugar. R. 3-8 cm., tawny cinnamon, or the colour of crystallised sugar, 736 EXIDIA. TREMELLODON. PROTODONTIA effused, tubercular, gyroso-undulated, sprinkled with a few minute, obtuse, vanishing papillae. Flesh thick. Spores white, "cylindrical, curved, 12-18 x 4-5-6 /A; basidia ovoid, 15-22 x 9-12/A. Hyphae 1-3 p in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Coniferous trunks, and branches. Nov. Uncommon. var. foliacea (Bref.) Bres. (= Ulocolla foliacea Bref.) Bref. Unters. Heft vn, t. vi, fig. 2. Foliacea, leafy. Differs from the type in its larger size, and lobes. Coniferous trunks, and branches. Nov. Uncommon. Tremellodon Pers. (Tremo, I tremble; oScov, a tooth.) Eeceptacle gelatinous, soft, dimidiate, or spathulate, substipitate, or sessile. Hymenium covering fertile spines or teeth. Basidia glo- bose, or ovoid, longitudinally cruciately septate. Spores white, sub- globose, smooth, producing a mycelium on germination. Growing on wood. 2514. T. gelatinosum (Scop.) Pers. Boud. Icon. t. 178. Gelatinosum, jelly-like. R. 3-6 cm., glaucous fuscous, or tawny brownish, dimidiate, spathu- late, or fan-shaped, rounded in front, attenuated behind, sessile or substipitate, surface papillose. Spines white, or glaucous, 2-4 mm. long, conical, straight, gelatinous. Flesh hyaline, gelatinous, trans- parent, thick. Spores white, subglobose, 4 7/u,, multi-guttulate ; basidia globose, longitudinally septate, 14-18 x 10-12/A, with 2-4- sterigmata. Edible. Coniferous stumps and on the ground. Sept. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) Protodontia von Hoehn. (Trpcoro?, first; 0801)5, a tooth.) Like the genus Odontia in appearance, but possessing vertically septate basidia. Growing on wood. 2515. P. uda von Hoehn. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, p. 69, text-figs. Uda, moist. R. 1-2 cm., pure white and slightly hyaline when fresh, yellowish when dry, effused, indeterminate, very soft and delicate. Spines hyaline, then yellowish and collapsing, slender, acute up to 400 /n long, 100-150/M wide at the base. Flesh very thin, sometimes almost wanting, white and mealy when dry. Spores white, elliptical, one side flattened, 6-8(-9) x 3-4 ju,; basidia globose, immersed, vertically septate, 7-8/x in diam., with 2-4-sterigmata, 8-10 x 1-5/n. Hyphae very fine and closely adherent. Very soft, rotten wood. Dec. Rare. SEBACINA 737 Sebacina Tu]. (= Thelephora (Ehrb.) Fr. p.p.). (Sebacina, greasy.) Receptacle coriaceous, gelatinous, membranaceous, waxy, floccose, or pulverulent, resupinate, effused, adnate, or crustaceous, and with the habit of a Corticium. Hymenium smooth, or papillose. Basidia longi- tudinally, cruciately divided, close together, or scattered, sometimes intermixed with the conidiophores. Spores white, cylindrical, oval, oblong, reniform or globose, smooth; producing sporidiola, or bunches of conidia on germination. Growing on the ground, or on wood. Subgenus Eusebacina Rea. (eS, typical; Sebacina, the genus Sebacina.) 2516. S. incrustans (Pers.) Tul. (= Thekphora sebacea (Pers.) Fr.; Thekphora cristata (Pers.) Fr.) Berk. Outl. Brit. Fung. t. 17, fig. 6, as Thelephora sebacea. Incrustans, covering with a coat. R. 5-10 cm. high, whitish, effused, incrusting, very variable in form, tubercular, or resembling stalactites, apices somewhat subulate, or fringed. Hymenium whitish, even, flocculoso-pruinose. Flesh whitish waxy, then coriaceous, firm, loose. Spores white, oblong, curved or flattened on the one side, 11-13 x 4-5 p, often guttulate; "basidia ovoid, 15-20 x 12-15jLt. Hyphae firm, 2-5-3/u, in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Incrusting grass, twigs, stems, mosses, leaves, etc. Feb. Nov. Common, (v.v.) 2517. S. calcea (Pers.) Bres. (= ? Corticium calceum (Pers.) Fr.) Bres. Fung. Trid. t. 175. Calcea, limy. R. 3-10 cm., shining white, or chalk white becoming somewhat buff or greyish, effused, closely adnate, crustaceous, slightly pulverulent; margin mealy, thinner. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or papillose and somewhat tuberculose, at length cracked. Flesh whitish, sub- gelatinous, floccose. Spores white, "reniform, curved, 15-16 x 7-8 /A; basidia at first globose, then more elongated and longitudinally, cruciately septate, 18-25 x 12-16^, with sterigmata 30 x 3-4/i" Wakef. "Paraphyses branched at the apex into very fine branches, loaded with minute granules. Basal hyphae 2/x, in diam., the wall gelatinously modified" Burt. Bark and dead wood. Sept. April. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2518. S. fugacissima Bourd. & Galz. Fugacissima, very fleeting. R. -5-2 cm., greyish, effused in a very thin, mucous, hyaline film, which disappears completely on drying, or leaves only a slightly glistening trace barely visible under a lens. Spores hyaline, cylindrical, curved, 4-5 x 2-5-4 /z; basidia longitudinally septate, 6-7 x 5-6 /LI. Basal hyphae, thin walled, 2-3/t in diam. Very rotten wood. Feb. Rare. B.B.B. 47 738 SEBACINA. EICHLERIELLA Subgenus Heterochaetella Bourd. (ere/309, different; ^airr), hair.) Differs from Eusebacina in the hymenium possessing true cystidia. 2519. S. (Heteroch.) crystallina Bourd. in Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vn, text fig. 2, p. 52. Kpvcrrd\\ivo<;, crystalline. R. *5 2 cm., hyaline, indeterminate, interruptedly effused, ceraceo- gelatinous, transparent, then collapsed and depressed, very thin, rough with hyaline setae under a lens', margin similar, or less con- tinuous and reticulate. Spores hyaline, subglobose, or obovate, more or less apiculate at the base, (4)-4-5-6 x (3)-4-5ju, often 1-guttulate, germinating laterally or at the apiculus and then truly elongate, or conical; basidia obovate, or subglobose, 8-12 x 6-9 /A, longitudinally septate, with 2-4 subulate sterigmata, 5-6/A and finally up to 15/u, long. Cystidia scattered, or fasciculate, cylindrical, obtuse, 60-180 x 7 12/x, projecting 10-45/u, above the hymenium, thin walled. Very rotten pine and jumper wood. Not uncommon, (v.v.) Subgenus Bourdotia Bres. (L'abbe H. Bourdot, the eminent French mycologist.) Receptacle waxy or pulverulent, entirely resupinate, with the habit of a Corticium, possessing tubular, thin walled gloeocystidia, filled with a coloured juice, and rising perpendicularly in the hyphae. 2520. S. (Bour.) Eyrei Wakefield. (= Gloeocystidium croceotingens Wakef. sec. Bres.) Rev. W. L. W. Eyre, a former President of the British Myco- logical Society. R. 2-6 cm., hyaline grey, becoming whitish grey when dry, broadly and irregularly effused, closely adnate. Hymenium concolorous, smooth, or here and there tuberculate. Flesh very thin, 40-45 p thick. Spores white, globose, 4-6 p.; basidia at first obovate, con- tinuous, at length longitudinally, cruciately divided into 4 parts, 10-13 x 7-8 /it, with 4 curved sterigmata, 7-9 x 1-5/z (at the base). Gloeocystidia very numerous, arising from the base, not or scarcely projecting, cylindrical, or subfusiform, 25-35 x 5-7 /A, filled with a granular, yellow olivaceous juice. Vegetative hyphae either thin and hyaline, or red brown, thicker walled, 3-6ju, in diam., frequently septate, sometimes almost moniliform. The coloured hyphae often stain the wood a bright orange-red. Decorticated beech log. May Oct. Rare. Eichleriella Bres. (Bogumil Eichler.) Receptacle coriaceous, waxy, or membranaceous, subgelatinous, cup-shaped, or plano-concave, rarely pendulous; margin free. Hy- menium smooth, rugulose, or Radulum-like. Basidia globose-ovoid, EICHLERIELLA. TULASNELLA 739 longitudinally, cruciately divided, with 2-4-sterigmata. Spores white, cylindrical, or oblong, smooth, producing sporidiola on germination. Growing on wood. 2521. E. spinulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Burt. (= Radulum spinulosum Berk. & Curt.; Radulum deglubens B. & Br.; Eichleriella Kmetii Bres. ; Stereum rufum Eng. Auth. non Fr. sec. Wakefield.) Spinulosa, full of little thorns. R. 3-6 cm., flesh colour, then wood brown, longitudinally and broadly effused, confluent, separable; margin white, free, or reflexed, tomen- tose beneath. Hymenium concolorous, pruinose, becoming red when Tubbed, usually bearing tubercles, distant, simple, or multifid. Flesh concolorous, coriaceous, soft, thick. Spores white, oblong, sub- cylindrical, curved, very obtuse, 15-18 x 6-10/z; basidia longitu- dinally septate, clavate, then fusiform, 30-45 x 9 12/n, with 2-3-, rarely 4-sterigmata ; paraphyses brown at the apex. Dead branches of ash, and poplar. Sept. March. Uncommon. TULASNELLALES. Basidia subglobose, simple, with 2-4 very thick, stout sterigmata. Spores white, producing sporidiola on germination. Hymenium fully exposed from the first. TULASNELLACEAE. Same characters as the order. Tulasnella Schroet. (L. R. and C. Tulasne, the eminent French mycologists.) Receptacle fleshy membranaceous, or gelatinous, then cartilagi- nous, resupinate, effused. Hymenium smooth, or plicate. Basidia globose, with 2-4 very thick, stout sterigmata, at first obtuse, then becoming elongated and filiform, springing from the apex, or the side of the basidia. Spores white, globose, ovoid, elliptical, pyriform, or pip-shaped, smooth, producing conidia or a mycelium on germina- tion. Growing on wood, and humus. 2522. T. violea (Quel.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Hypochnus violeus Quel.) Violea, violet. R. 2-10 cm., lilac violet, or rosy lilac, becoming rosy greyish or de- coloured when dry, broadly effused; margin brighter coloured, byssoid. Hymenium concolorous, membranaceous, tomentose. Flesh mem- branaceous, very thin. Spores (or sterigmata) white, elliptical, 6 x 4 /A, "globose or almost globose, 5-7-5-10 x 4-5-6-5-8 /z, basidia oboval, globose, 9-12 x 8-10/u. Hyphae thin walled, 3-6 /i" Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood. Sept. Dec. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2523. T. incarnate JueL Incarnata, flesh colour. R. 1-3 cm., bright pink, effused, forming irregular, small patches. Hymenium concolorous, continuous, membranaceous. Flesh mem- 472 740 TULASNELLA. DACRYOMYCES branaceous, very thin. Spores white, pyriform, or pip-shaped, 8-11 x 5-7 /n; basidia obovate or clavate, 9/x in diam. Sterigmata (or sessile spores according to Juel) usually 4, but sometimes 3 or 5, at first obovate, or elliptical, 10-13 x 5-7-5/^, at length with a terminal elongation, 7-17 x 1-2-5/n. Hyphae 3/j, in diam. Fallen branches of oak. Sept. Oct. Eare. (v.v.) 2524. T. tremeUoides Wakef. & Pears. Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. vi, text-figs., p. 70. Tremella, the genus Tremella, eZSo?, like. R. 1-30 cm., purple, becoming blockish when dry, broadly effused; margin concolorous. Hymenium concolorous, undulately plicate. Flesh pale purplish, gelatinous, then horny, finally collapsing into a thin film. Spores white, elliptical, depressed on one side, laterally apicu- late at the base, 8-10 x 4-5-5-5/z; basidia clavate, 15-18 x 6-5-7 /x, with 4-sterigmata ; sterigmata at first oblong, granular inside, 15 x 3-3'5/i, at length collapsed, up to 20/x long. Subhymenial hyphae, 6-8/x in diam., basal hyphae pale purplish, 4/x, in diam. Pine needles, at the base of a stump. Nov. Rare. CALOCERALES. Basidia cylindrical, becoming forked with two long, pointed sterig- mata. Hymenium fully exposed from the first. Spores always be- coming septate on germination, and producing from each cell either one sporidiolum, or a bunch of conidia. CALOCERACEAE. Same characters as the order. Dacryomyces Nees. (Sd/cpvov, a tear; fAvtcr/s, fungus.) Receptacle gelatinous, or subgelatinous, homogeneous; globose, subglobose, tuberculate, often becoming cup-shaped, and sometimes flattened, sessile, rarely stipitate or substipitate. Hymenium smooth, wrinkled, or folded. Basidia with two long, pointed sterigmata. Spores white, or yellowish, oblong, cylindrical, ovoid, subelliptical, or ovato- triangular; simple, transversely septate, or muriform. Receptacles producing conidia, globose, consisting of radiating, septate, monili- form threads. Growing on wood. *Rosy. 2525. D. macrosporus B. & Br. (= Dacryomyces fragiformis (Pers.) Fr. sec. Quel.) B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 1374, t. 7, fig. 1. paicpos, long; cnropd, seed. R. 6-20 mm., rose colour, tuberculate, rounded, irregularly gyrate. Flesh gelatinous, diaphanous, firm. Spores white, oblong, 40-50 x 8-1 1/z, 3-5-septate. Conidia elliptical, 14/z. Parasitic on old remains of Diatrype stigma. Dec. April. Uncommon. DACBYOMYCES 741 **Yellow, or orange. 2526. D. deliquescens (Bull.) Duby. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. 455, fig. 3, as Tremella deliquescens. Deliquescens, dissolving. R. 2-12 mm., yellow, or orange, somewhat round, convex, then lens-shaped, immarginate, at length twisted, sessile, sometimes stipi- tate and root-like. Flesh pale, gelatinous, hyaline. Spores white, cylindrical, curved, 8-22 x 4-7 ju, becoming 3-septate, "each com- partment producing 1-2 ovoid sporidiola, 3-4 x 2 /z; basidia 20-45 x 3-5 IJL. Hyphae l-S^u, in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Dead wood and fallen branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) var. hyalinus (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (= Dacryomyces hyalinus (Pers.) Quel. ; Tremella albida Huds. sec. Quel.) Hyalinus, transparent. Differs from the type only in being at the first entirely hyaline, then opaline. Birch. Sept. May. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2527. D. stfflatus (Nees) Fr. Nees Syst. t. 90. Stillatus, distilled. R. 2-8 mm., yellow, then orange, colour persistent, globose, then umbilicate and Peziza-like, somewhat confluent, at length plicate, sessile, or substipitate, white villose at the base, often yellow pruinose. Flesh paler, gelatinous, then firm. Spores white, or yellowish, " ovoid, or oblong, rarely depressed, 18-25 x 7-10/z, 1-pluri-guttulate, gutta yellow, finally 1 -septate; basidia 50-60 x 7-1 2 /n, filled with orange granules. Hyphae 1-5-3/x, in diam., with small clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Dead pine branches. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2528. D. chrysocomus (Bull.) Tul. Bull. Hist. Champ. Fr. t. 376, fig. 2. as Peziza chrysocoma. ^/overo?, gold; KG/JUT], hair. R. 2-3 mm., golden, orbicular, spherical when young, immarginate, soon collapsing, pezizoid, at length flattened, persistently even. Flesh paler, gelatinous, then cartilaginous, firm. Spores yellowish, "oblong oval, or subelliptical, incurved especially towards the base, 12-24 x 6-9 p., becoming larger and 10-septate; basidia 45-85 x 4-6 JM. Hyphae 1-5-4 fj, in diam., with clamp connections" Bourd. & Galz. Coniferous branches. Jan. Dec. Not uncommon, (v.v.) 2529. D.tortus (Berk.) Massee.(==TraweWatorto Berk.) Tortus, twisted. R. 48 mm., yellow, or orange, rounded, depressed, gyroso-tubercu- late. Flesh paler, gelatinous, firm. Spores white, cylindrical, curved, 12 x 4-5 ju, 3-septate. Dead oak branches. Oct. May. Not un- common, (v.v.) 2530. D. succineus Fr. (= Peziza electrina Phill. & Plowr.) Boud. Icon. t. 181. Succineus, amber colour. R. -5 mm., yellow amber, punctiform, globose, gregarious, forming patches 3-6 cm. ; margin minutely toothed, paler on the outside. 742 DACRYOMYCES. DITIOLA Hymenium darker, velvety with the projecting sterigmata. Flesh subgelatinous. Spores white, oblong, slightly curved, 7-15 x 4-5 p; basidia with two long sterigmata. Fallen oak branches and pine leaves. Rare. ***Pallid, or fuscous. 2531. D. sebaceus B. & Br. B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 1305, t. 18, fig. 2. Sebaceus, like tallow. R. 4-8 mm., whitish, somewhat round, cup-shaped. Flesh white, gelatinous, firm. Spores white, ovato-triangular, 14 x 6-8/z. Hyphae often clavate above. Ash, and maple twigs. Jan. May. Uncommon. (9.9.) 2532. D. venniformis B. & Br. B. & Br. Ann. Nat. Hist. no. 700, t. 3, fig. 1. Vermis, a worm ; /orma, shape. R. 1 mm., grey, worm-shaped. Sporophores 14//,, spores 6/z. Rotten wood. April Sept. Rare. Ditiola Fr. (819, twice; touXo?, down.) Receptacle gelatinous, subgelatinous, sometimes becoming horny, always firm and becoming indurated in the stem ; cup-shaped, tuber- cular, or globose, sometimes branched, or lobed; stipitate, or sub- stipitate. Hymenium discoid, unilateral, smooth. Basidia cylindrical, with two long sterigmata. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, ellip- tical, or elliptic cylindrical, smooth, simple, or 1-3 transversely septate. Growing on wood. 2533. D. radicate (A. & S.) Fr. (= Femsjonia luteo-alba Fr. sec. Quel.) Eng. & Prantl. Pflanz. Fam. 1**, p. 98, fig. 63, M-Q. Radicata, rooted. R. 2-8 mm., orange, tubercular, then nail-shaped with a distinct stem, convex, slightly viscid; margin obtuse. St. 3-6 x 2-3 mm., at first whitish, soon concolorous, rooting. Flesh paler, subgelatinous above, firm below. Spores white, oblong, cylindrical, rounded at both ends, 9-10 x 4/x, becoming 1-3-septate; basidia cylindrical. Hyphae with clamp connections. Dead coniferous branches. Oct. March. Uncommon, (v.v.) 2534. D. Ulicis Plowr. (= Femsjonia luteo-albaFT. sec. Lloyd.) Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. I, t. 2, figs. 2-6. Ulex, furze. R. 1-5-5 mm., pale lemon yellow, becoming darker, head globose, then flattened and wrinkled, at first slightly villose with a thin, white, hyaline tomentum. St. -5-1 mm., sometimes absent, hyaline-villose when young. Spores white, elliptico-cylindrical, 15 x 5/z, 4-5-guttu- late, then cylindrical, with an oblique, large apiculus at the base, 15-18 x 5/Li, 3-septate. Dead furze stems. Jan. Uncommon. DITIOLA. FEMSJONIA. DACRYOMITRA 743 2535. D. merulina (Pers.) Rea. (= Guepinia merulina (Pers.) Quel.; Guepinia peziza Tul. sec. Pat.) Quel. Jur. et Vosg. i, t. 20, fig. 6, as Tremella lutescens Pers. Merulina, like the genus Merulius. R. 1-3 cm., yellow amber, cup-shaped, oblique, often irregular, and with linear folds on the outside; margin thin, waved. St. concolorous, slender. Flesh yellowish, diaphanous, gelatinous, then firm. Spores white, "oboval, or oblong, depressed at the side, 9-13 x 5-6 /A, 1-3- septate. Conidia rough, subglobose, 9-12/z, formed on the exterior of the receptacle. Hyphae swollen at the ends, 5-6/i in diam., with Opuntia-like branches" Bourd. & Galz. Dead branches, and wood, especially beech. Dec. Feb. Uncommon. 2536. D. obliqua (Massee) Rea. Obliqua, slanting. R. 4 mm. high, orange red, concave, oblique, often like a rabbit's ear. St. concolorous, short, oblique. Flesh gelatinous, then horny. Spores white, elliptical, slightly curved, 12 x 5-6/A. Gregarious. Dead wood. Nov. Rare. Femsjonia Fr. (Femsjonia, belonging to Femsjo.) Receptacle gelatinous, or floccose, heterogeneous, erumpent, con- vex, then plane, obconic, sessile. Hymenium smooth, becoming wrinkled. Basidia cylindrical, with two long, pointed sterigmata. Spores yellowish, boat-shaped, simple, and multi-guttulate, then be- coming oblong and multi-septate. Growing on wood. 2537. F. luteo-alba Fr. Luteus, yellow; alba, white. R. 215 cm., bright golden yellow, erumpent, convex, then plane, obconic, sessile, somewhat rooting, disc becoming wrinkled with age, white tomentose beneath. Flesh yellowish, subgelatinous near the hy- menium, floccose below, firm. Spores yellowish, boat-shaped at first and multi-guttulate, 12-21 x 7-8/t, becoming oblong, and 8-10-or more-septate, 18-22 x 7-8 /j,. Basidia cylindrical, 75-80 x 5-7 /A, with two long sterigmata, 35-40ju. Hyphae with clamp connections. Fallen branches of oak, and birch. Sept. Nov. Not uncommon, (v.v.) Dacryomitra Tul. (= Dacryopsis Massee). (Sd/cpvov, a tear; i^Lrpa, a turban.) Receptacle gelatinous, or subgelatinous, firm, erect, cylindrical, apex globose, or elongate, stipitate. Hymenium smooth, or rugosely wrinkled. Basidia cylindrical, with two long sterigmata. Conidiophores present, or absent, accompanying, or preceding the basidia. Spores white, oblong, or elliptical, smooth, simple, or transversely septate. Growing on wood. 744 DACRYOMITRA. CALOCERA *Hymenium with basidia only. 2538. D. glossoides (Pers.) Bref. (= Calocera glossoides (Pers.) Fr.) yXwcrcra, tongue; elSos, like. R. 3-12 mm. high, yellow, clavate, or pear-shaped, thickened, obtuse, compressed, slightly viscid. St. concolorous, round, white floccose at the base. Flesh concolorous, gelatinous, firm. Spores white, broadly oblong, or elliptical, incurved, often attenuated at the base, 13-15 x 5-6/i, 2-3-septate. Dead oak branches. Sept. Dec. Uncommon. (v.v.) **Hymenium with conidiophores, and basidia. 2539. D. nuda (Berk.) Pat. (= Ditiola nuda Berk.) Massee, Brit. Fung. Fl. i, p. 56, figs. 56, as Dacryopsis nuda Massee. Nuda, naked. R 3-4 mm., reddish orange, head hemispherical, flattened below. St. 3-4 x 2-3-5 mm., white, or tinged yellow, minutely tomentose. Flesh subgelatinous. Spores white, elliptic oblong, with an oblique apiculus, 14 x 5 /A, 3-septate; basidia cylindrical, 56-60 x 5-6//,. Conidiophores linear, straight, aseptate, simple, or rarely with 1-3 short branchlets near the apex, 35-40 x 1-5/n; conidia elliptic oblong, 3 xl/x. Fir stumps. Sept. Rare. Calocera Fr. (/ca\o?, beautiful; epa<?, a horn.) Receptacle gelatinous coriaceous, cartilaginous when dry; erect cylindrical, simple, or branched. Hymenium smooth, amphigenous. Basidia with two long sterigmata. Spores white, or yellow, elliptical, elliptic oblong, oblong, or comma-shaped, smooth, or punctate, simple, becoming septate on germination. Conidiophores rarely accompanying the basidia. Growing on wood, more rarely amongst leaves. *Branched. 2540. C. viscosa (Pers.) Fr. Rolland, Champ, t. 104, no. 236, as Calocera flammea (Schaeff.) Quel. Viscosa, sticky. R. 1-10 cm. high, golden-egg-yellow, becoming orange when dry, branched, long rooted, viscid, even, linear. Branches concolorous, round, or compressed, tense, straight, repeatedly dichotomous, apex generally forked. Flesh yellow, gelatinous, then cartilaginous, firm. Spores deep ochraceous, elliptic oblong, often depressed on one side, 10-11 x 4-5 n, 3-guttulate; basidia 40-50 x 5-6 /i. Coniferous stumps. July Jan. Common, (v.v.) 2541. C. palmata (Schum.) Fr. Pabnata, palmate. R. 2 cm. high, orange, then yellow, branched, compressed, dilated upwards, divided. Branches concolorous, somewhat round, obtuse. CALOCEBA 745 Flesh yellow, gelatinous, tough. Spores "oblong, depressed on one side, 7-12 x 3-5-4-5 ju; basidia 22-36 x 4-5 p. Hyphae 2-3 p in diam." Bourd. & Galz Wood. Rare. **Caespitose. 2542. C.tuberosa(Sow.) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. 1. 199. Tuberosa, bulbous. R. 3-5 cm. high, yellowish, linear, simple, subacute, caespitose, two or three springing from a thick, strigose, subglobose, rooting, tuberous base. Flesh gelatinous, tough. Spores white, "elliptical, comma- shaped, 10/Lt, punctate" Quel., "9-10 x 6 /A" Massee. Rotten trunks. Rare. 2543. C. cornea (Batsch) Fr. Sow. Eng. Fung. t. 40. Cornea, horny. R. 4-10 mm. high, yellow orange, clubs small, curt, awl-shaped, connate at the base, rarely with a minute branchlet, viscid, white villose at the base, rooting. Flesh paler, gelatinous, soon horny, firm. Spores white, oblong, often curved, 7-9 x 3-5-4 /u,; "basidia 30-35 x 4 5/>t. Hyphae 2-4^ in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Fallen branches, and worked wood. Jan. Dec. Common, (v.v.) 2544. C. corticalis Fr. Corticalis, pertaining to the bark. R. 1-2 mm. high, pallid flesh colour, clubs awl-shaped, somewhat distinct, erumpent. Flesh pellucid, soft. Caespitose. Dead bark. Dec. Jan. Rare. ***Simple, distinct. 2545. C. stricta Fr. Stricta, rigid. R. 10-25 mm. high, yellow, clubs solitary, simple, elongate; base white villose, blunt. Spores "club-shaped, acute downwards, 9-12 x 4-5 /u,, hyaline, slenderly septate in the middle, not constricted" Sacc. Decorticated wood. Sept. April. Not uncommon, (v.v.) var. epiphylla Fr. eiri, upon; <f)ii\\ov, a leaf. Differs from the type in being longer, 5-7-5 cm. high, in the base being naked and bluntly rooted, and in growing amongst pine needles. Sept. Oct. Uncommon. 2546. C. striata (Hoffm.) Fr. Hoffm. Fl. Germ. Or. 2, t. 6, fig. 1, as Clavaria striata. Striata, furrowed. R. 1-7 cm. high, yellow, clubs solitary, simple, lanceolate, acute, striate when dry. Flesh tough, translucid. Spores "oblong, depressed on one side, 7-10 x 3-5 fi; basidia 28-36 x 4-5 p. Hyphae 2-3 jtx in diam." Bourd. & Galz. Prostrate trunks. March. Rare. Apyrenium lignatile Fr. = the conidial condition of Hypocrea rufa (Pers.) Fr. 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VIVIANI, Funghi d' Italia, 1834. Wahl. G. WAHLENBERG, Flora Lapponica, 1812; Flora Suecica, 1824- 1826; Flora Upsaliensis, 1820. Walk. F. W. WALLROTH, Flora Cryptogamica Germaniae, 1831-1833. Weinm. C. G. WEINMANN, Hymeno- et Gastero-mycetes hucusque in Im- perio Rossico observatos, 1836. Willd. C. L. WILLDENOW, Florae Berolinensis prodromus, 1787. With. W. WITHERING, Botanical arrangement of British Plants, 3rd edi- tion, 1796. Woron. M. WORONIN, in Verhandl. Naturforsch. Ges. zu Freiburg, vol. iv, 1867. Wulf. F. X. VON WULFEN, in Jacquin's Miscellanea, 1773-1778. Zoll. ZOLLINGER, Systematisches Verzeichniss der im indischen Archipel in den Jahren 1842-1848 gesammelten, sowie der aus Japan empfangenen Pflanzen, 1854. 755 INDEX Synonyms are in italics abhorrens B. & Br. (Omphalia) 430 abiegna B. & Br. (Omphalia) 429 abietina (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 711 abietina (Pers.) Massee (Hymenochaete) 670 abietina (BuU.) Fr. (Lenzites) 613 abietinum (Pers.) FT. (Stereum) 666, 670 abietinus (Polyporus) 610 abietinus (Dicks.) Fr. (Polystictus) 610 dbietinus (Dicks.) Fr. (Polystictus) 610 abietis (Batsch) Quel. (Marasmius) 532 abjecta Karst. (Inocybe) 198 abstrusa Fr. (Naucoria) 351 acanthoides (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 583 acanthoides (Bull.) Quel. (Polyporus) 583 accedens Bourd. & Galz. (Peniophora) 688 acerbum Bull. (Tricholoma) 217 acerbum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 235 acerinum (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 667, 672 acerinus (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Aleurodiscus) 667, 672 acerinus Fr. (Pleurotus) 446 acerosus Fr. (Pleurotus) 449 acervata Fr. ( Colly bia) 337 Acetabularia Berk. 6, 96 acetabulosa Berk. (Acetabularia) 97 acetabulosa (Sow.) Sacc. (Locellina) 97 acetabulosus Sow. (Agaricus) 97 Acia Karst. 13, 641 acicula (Schaeff.) Fr. (Mycena) 393 acre Quel. (Hydnum) 632 acris (Bolt.) Fr. (Lactarius) 485 actinophorus (Massee) Rea (Andro- saceus) 533 actinophorus B. & Br. (Marasmius) 533 actinophorus (B. & Br.) Massee (Maras- mius) 533 aculeata Quel. (Amanita) 102 aculeata Quel. (Stropharia) 130 acuminatus Fr. (Panaeolus) 372 acus W. G. Sm. (Eccilia) 437 acuta (Sow.) Fr. (Clavaria) 719 acuta (Sow.) Fr. (Clavaria) 720 aeutesquamosa (Weinm. ) Fr. (Lepiota) 67 acutus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 193 adequata Britz. (Inocybe) 205, 207 adhaerens (A. & S.) Fr. (Lentinus) 538 adiposa Fr. (Pholiota) 119 adiposus B. & Br. (Polyporus) 587 adnata (W. G. Sm.) Sacc. (Amanitop- sis) 93, 99 Adonis (BuU.) Fr. (Mycena) 378 adstringens (Pers.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 239 adusta (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 459 adustus (Wild.) Fr. (Polyporus) 587 Aegerita von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Penio- phora) 687 aegerita (Porta) Fr. (Pholiota) 116 aellopum Fr. (Hypholoma) 263 aereus (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 567 aeruginea (Lindb.) Fr. (Russula) 472 aeruginosa (Curt.) Fr. (Stropharia) 125 aestivalis (Paul.) Fr. (Boletus) 567 aethiops Fr. (Leptonia) 344 aetites Fr. (Mycena) 389 affinis Massee (Bolbitius) 498 Agaricaceae 6, 55 AGARICALES xi, 1, 5, 55 AGABICINEAE 5, 6, 55 agathosmus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 297 agathosmus (Fr.) Quel. (Hygrophorus) 296 aggregata (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 278 aggregata Fr. (Mucronella) 630 aggregatum (Schaeff.) Quel. (Tricho- loma) 278 agraria Fr. (Psilocybe) 364 agrestis Pers. (Cyathus) 47 alba (GiUet) Rea (Amanita) 100 alba W. G. Sm. (Amanita) 104 alba Cotton (Clavaria) 713 alba (Bres.) Sacc. (Lepiota) 70 alba R. Make (Lepiota) 76 alba Fl. Dan. (Mycena) 395 alba Viv. (Psaliota) 87 alba Quel. (Russula) 460 alba Cke. (Russula) 470 albellum Fr. (Tricholoma) 233 Albertinii (Fr.) Quel. (Pleurotus) 441, albida (Gillet) Rea (Clitocybe) 273 albida Fr. (Phlebia) 625 albida Huds. (Tremella) 741 albida (Huds.) Fr. (Tremella) 731 albidopallens Karst. (Omphalia) 431 albidotomentosus (Cke. & Massee) Rea (Panus) 536 482 756 INDEX albidus (Roques) Quel. (Boletus) 570 albidus FT. (CanthareUus) 543 albidus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Polyporus) 578 albidus Trog (Polyporus) 591 albipes (Fr.) Rea (Androsaceus) 532 aJbipes Fr. (Marasmius) 532 albobrunneum(Pers.)Fr. (Tricholoma) 218 albocinerea Rea (Clitocybe) 286 albocyanea (Desm.) Fr. (Stropharia) 126 albocyaneus Fr. (Cortinarius) 163 albofarinosus Rea (Pluteus) 62 albolabyrinthiporus Rea (Polypoms) 581 albonigra Krombh. (Russula) 459 albonigra (Krombh.) Fr. (Russula) 459 albosquamosa W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 84 albostramineum (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (Corticium) 683, 685 albostramineus Bres. (Hypochus) 685 alboviolaceus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 156 alboviolascens (A. & S.) Karst. (Cy- phella) 698 aJboviolascens A. & S. (Peziza) 698 album Fr. (Hebeloma) 253 album Quel. (Hydnum) 630 album Quel. (Stereum) 674 album (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 235 albus Fr. (Cantharellus) 542 albus (Huds.) Fr. (Polyporus) 587 albus Cda. (Ptychogaster) 660 alcalina Fr. (Mycena) 387 alccdina Fr. (Mycena) 384 Aldridgea Massee 13, 660 Aldridgei Massee (Flammula) 313 aleuriatus Fr. (Pluteolus) 63 aleuriatus Fr. (Pluteolus) 63 Aleurodiscus Rabenh. 14, 671 Alexandri Gillet (Locellina) 97 Alexandri Fr. (Paxillus) 549 Algeriensis Fr. (Pilosace) 63 algidus (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 450 algidus Fr. (Pleurotus) 450 AUenii R. Maire (Omphalia) 424 Attescheri Bres. (Corticium) 691 Allescheri (Bres.) Wakef. (Peniophora) 691 alliacea Weinm. (Odontia) 650 alliaceus (Jacq.) Fr. (Marasmius) 528 attiatus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Marasmius) 529 alligatus Fr. (Polyporus) 583 allutus (Seer.) FT. (Cortinarius) 139 Almeni Fr. (Agaricua) 447 Almeni (Fr.) Big. & Guill. (Pleurotus) 447 alnicola Fr. (Flammula) 318 alnicola Fr. (Flammula) 320 alternatus (Schum.) Fr. (Coprinus) 507 alutacea Cke. & Massee (Clitocybe) 273, 427 alutacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Odontia) 638, 648 alutacea Cke. & Massee (Omphalia) 427 alutacea (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 474 alutaceum (Schrad.) Bourd. & Galz. (Gloeocystidium) 685 alutaceum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 648 alutaceus Fr. (Polyporus) 590 alutarius Fr. (Boletus) 555 alutarius (Fr.) Rea (Tylopilus) 555 alutipes (Lasch) Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 alvearis Cke. ( Colly bia) 337, 525 alvearis (Cke.) Rea (Marasmius) 337, 525 alveolus (Lasch) Fr. (Crepidotus) 454 amadelphus (Bull.) Fr. (Marasmius) 527 Amanlta (Pers.) Fr. 6, 97 Amanltopsis Roze 6, 92 amara Fr. (Clitocybe) 221, 272 amarella (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 272 amarellus (Pers.) Quel. (Paxillus) 272, 310 amarescens Quel. (Naucoria) 353 amarum (A. & S.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 221, 272 amarum (A. & S.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 220 ambiguus (Vitt.) Tul. (Melanogaster) ambusta Fr. (Colly bia) 341 ameides B. & Br. (Entoloma) 246 amethysteus Quel. (Cantharellus) 542 amethystina (Batt.) Fr. (Clavaria) 706 amethystina (Vaill.) B. & Br. (Lac- caria) 290 amethystina Quel. (Psaliota) 90 amethystinum Quel. (Tricholoma) 236 amethystinum (Scop.) Fr. (Tricho- loma) 233 amethystinus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Cortin- arius) 157 amianthina (Scop.) Fr. (Lepiota) 75 amianthina (Scop.) Fr. (Lepiota) 108 amicta Fr. (Mycena) 391 amicta Fr. (Mycena) 391 amicum Fr. (Tricholoma) 234 ammoniaca Fr. (Mycena) 388 ammophila Lev. (Bo vista) 38 ammophila (Lev.) Lloyd (Bovistella) 38 ammophila (Mont.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 268, 364 ammophilum (Mont.) Quel. (Hypho- loma) 268, 364 amoena Quel. (Russula) 476 INDEX 757 amoenus (Lasch) Quel. (Hygrophorus) 308 amorphum (Pers.) Fr (Corticium) 672, 682 amorphus (Pers.) Rabenh. (Aleurodis- cus) 672, 682 amorphus Fr. (Polyporus) 586 amorphum Fr. (Polyporus) 587 ampla (Pers.) Quel. (Amanita) 102 ampla (Lev.) Maire (Auriculariopsis) 697 ampla Pers. (Clitocybe) 219, 227, 277 ampla (Lev.) Fr. (Cyphella) 697 amplum (Pers.) Rea (Tricholoma) 227, 277 amsegetes Fr. (Mycena) 392 anatina (Lasch) Fr. (Leptonia) 343 Andromedae Peck (Exobasidium) 725 Androsaceus (Pers.) Pat. 8, 530 androsaceus (Linn.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 531 androsaceus (Linn.) Fr. (Marasmius) 531 aneirina (Sommerf.) Fr. (Poria) 604, 617 aneirina (Sommerf.) Quel. (Trametes) 604, 617 Anellarla Karst. 6, 91 anfractus Fr. (Cortinarius) 138 anglicus Massee (Pleurotus) 446 anguinea Fr. (Naucoria) 350 angulatus (Batsch) B. & Br. (Maras- mius) 526 angulosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 187 angustata (Sow.) Fr. (Daedalea) 619 angustatus Sow. (Boletus) 619 angustissima (Lasch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 289 angustus (Pers.) Fr. (Clitopilus) 311 annosus Fr. (Fomes) 595 Annularia Schulz. 6, 81 annulosulphurea Gillet (Amanita) 104 anomala (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 638, 645 anomala (Pers.) Fr. (Solenia) 702 anomalum B. & Br. (Hydnum) 638, 645 anomalus Fr. (Cortinarius) 162 anthocephala (Bull.) Pat. (Phylacteria) 652 anthocephala (Bull.) Fr. (Thelephora) 652 anthochroum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 682 anthochrous (Pers.) Quel. (Hypochnus) 682 anthracinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 165 anthracophila Karst. (Tubaria) 438 antipus (Lasch) Fr. (Galera) 408 apala FT. (Galera) 406 apalus (Fr.) Quel. (Bolbitius) 406 aphthosus Fr. (Coprinus) 502 APHYLLOPHORALES xi, 1, 10, 574 apicalis W. G. Sm. (Bolbitius) 498 apicrea Fr. (Flammula) 320 appendiculatum Bull. (Hypholoma) 131, 266, 268 appendiculatum (Bull.) Fr. (Hypho- loma) 267 appendiculatus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Boletus) 569 applanatum (Pers.) Pat. (Ganoderma) 597 applanatus (Pers.) Fr. (Crepidotus) applanatus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 597 applicatus (Batsch) Quel. (Calathinus) 451 applicatus (Batsch) Berk. (Pleurotus) 451 aquatilis Peck (Coprinus) 515 aquosa (Bull.) Fr. (Collybia) 337, 525 aquosus (Bull.) Rea (Marasmius) 337, 525 arachnoideum Berk. (Corticium) 676 araneosa Quel. (Nolanea) 402 arata Berk. (Psathyrella) 420 aratus B. & Br. (Coprinus) 506 arbustivus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 294 archyropus Pers. (Marasmius) 520 archyropus (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 523 arcuatum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 240 arcuatum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 239, 240, 242 arcularius (Batsch) Fr. (Polyporus) 576 Ardenia (Sow.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718 ardosiacum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 246 arenarius A. & S. (Pisolithus) 50 arenatus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 160 areolata Klotzsch (Psilocybe) 364 areolata (Klotzsch) Berk. (Psilocybe) 363 argentatus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 154 argenteogriseus Rea (Pluteus) 58 argillacea (Pers.) FT. (Clavaria) 716 argillacea Bres. (Jaapia) 659 arguta (Fr.) Quel. (Odontia) 638, 648 arguta (Fr.) Quel. (Odontia) 641 argutum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 648 argutus Fr. (Cortinarius) 153 argyraceum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 223 argyraceum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 222 argyropus Fr. (Cortinarius) 191 arida Fr. (Amanita) 80, 105 758 INDEX arida Fr. (Coniophora) 626 arida (Fr.) Gillet (Lepiota) 80, 105 aridum Fr. (Corticium) 626 armeniaca Cke. (Russula) 478 armeniaca (Cke.) Rea (Russula) 478 armeniacum B. & Br. (Apyrenium) 745 armeniacus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 182 armeniacus Berk. (Polyporus) 587 Armillaria Fr. 6, 105 armillatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 172 aromaticus (Sow.) Berk. (Hygrophorus) 295 arvalis Fr. (Naucoria) 356 arvensis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psaliota) 84 arvinaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 arvinaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 ASCOMYCETAE ix ascus ix Aseroe La Billard 3, 22 asper Lloyd (Geaster) 41 aspera (Amanita) 103 aspera (Fr.) Quel. (Amanita) 104 aspera (Pers.) Quel. (Lepiota) 67 aspideus Fr. (Lactarius) 481 aspideus Fr. (Lactarius) 483 asprella Fr. (Leptonia) 347 asterophora Fr. (Nyctalis) 541 asterosperma Vitt. (Octaviania) 28 asterospora (Qu61.) Rea (Astrosporina) 207, 210 asterospora Pat. (Clavaria) 719 asterospora Quel. (Inocybe) 210 Astraeus Morgan 4, 5, 51 astragalina Fr. (Flammula) 318 astroideus Fr. (Coprinus) 505 Astrosporina Schroet. 7, 207 aterrimum Fr. (Radulum) 641, 681 atomata Fr. (Psathyrella) 373, 421 atomatus (Fr.) Quel. (Panaeolus) 373, 421 atra (Weinm.) Rea (Phylacteria) 653 air a Weinm. (Thelephora) 653 atramentarius (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 501 atramentarius (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 502 atrata Fr. ( Colly bia) 341 atrides (Lasch) Fr. (Eccilia) 436 atroalba (Bolt.) Fr. (Mycena) 385 atrobrunnea (Lasch) Fr. (Psilocybe) 362 atrocaeruleus (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 450 atrocaeruleus Fr. (Pleurotus) 450 atrocinereum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 226 atrocrocea W. G. Sm. (Lepiota) 77 atrocyanea (Batsch) Fr. (Mycena) 386 atromarginata Fr. (Mycena) 375 alromarginata Fr. (Mycena) 375 atromarginatum W. G. Sm. (Stereum) 665 atropuncta (Pers.) Fr. (Eccilia) 428, 436 atropuncta (Pers.) Quel. (Omphalia) 428, 436 atropurpurea (Krombh.) Maire (Rus- sula) 469 atropurpureum Vitt. (Lycoperdon) 33 atrorufa (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 366 atrosquamosum Chev. (Tricholoma) 223 atrotomentosus (Batsch) Fr. (Paxillus) 552 atrovirens Fr. (Corticium) 677 atrovirens (Kalchbr.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 144 atrovirens Rea (Mycena) 376 atrovirens Fr. (Tremella) 732 atrovirens (Pers.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 227 augusta Fr. (Psaliota) 82 augusta Fr. (Psaliota) 83, 86, 88 aurantia (Schaeff.) Fr. (Armillaria) 106, 107, 217 aurantiaca (Wulf.) Studer (Clitocybe) 273, 542 aurantiaca (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (Peniophora) 694 aurantiaca (Sow.) Karst. (Phlebia) 624, 625 aurantiaca (Stropharia) 128 aurantiaca Cke. (Stropharia) 128 aurantiacum Bres. (Corticium) 694 aurantiacum (A. & S.) Fr. (Hydnum) 634 aurantiacum (Bull.) W. G. Sm. (Sclero- derma) 49 aurantiacus BuU. (Boletus) 572 aurantiacus (Wulf.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 273, 542 aurantiacus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Lactarius) 488 aurantiacus Klotzsch (Merulius) 620 aurantiomarginata Fr. (Mycena) 374 aurantiporus Howse (Boletus) 561 aurantium Pers. (Scleroderma) 49 aurantium (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 107, 217 aurata Quel. (Collybia) 337, 524 aurata (With.) Fr. (Russula) 475 auratus (Quel.) Rea (Marasmius) 337, 524 aurea (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clavaria) 710 aurea (Batt.) Fr. (Daedalea) 619 aurea (Fr.) Quel. (Odontia) 638, 646 aurea Massee (Omphalia) 425 aurea (Mattusch) Fr. (Pholiota) 75, 111 INDEX 759 aureola (Kalchbr.) Quel. (Amanita) 101 aureum FT. (Hydnum) 638, 646 aureus (Arrh.) FT. (Hygrophorus) 295 aureus Fr. (Merulius) 623 auricoma (Batsch) Fr. (Inocybe) 198 auricula Fr. (Lentinus) 540 auricula-Judae (Linn.) Schroet. (Auri- cularia) 727 auricula-Judae (Linn.) Berk (Hirneola) 727 Auricularia (Bull.) 17, 727 Auriculariaceae 17, 726 AURICULARIALES xi, 1, 16, 725 ATTBICTTLAKIINEAE 16, 17, 726 Auriculariopsis R. Maire 15, 697 auriscalpium (Linn.) Fr. (Hydnum) 635 aurivella (Batsch) Fr. (Pholiota) 117 aurora Berk. (Corticium) 679 aurorea (Larb.) Fr. (Collybia) 331 australe (Fr.) Pat. (Ganoderma) 598 australiensis Cke. & Massee (Lysurus) 22 australis Fr. (Polyporus) 598 autochthona (B. & Br.) Quel. (Naucoria) 440 autochthona (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. (Tubaria) 440 avellana (Fr.) Cke. (Hymenochaete) 668 avellanum Fr. (Stereum) 668 avenacea (Fr.) Schroet. (Mycena) 374 Azaleae Peck (Exobasidium) 725 azonites (Bull.) Quel. (Lactarius) 492 azurea Bres. (Russula) 461 azure us Fr. (Cortinarius) 161 azyma Fr. (Flammula) 320 Babingtonii Blox. (Nolanea) 402 Badhami B. & Br. (Lepiota) 68 badia Lucand (CoUybia) 327 badipes (Fr.) Rick. (Galera) 354 badipes Fr. (Naucoria) 354 badipus Fr. (Omphalia) 431 badius Fr. (Boletus) 560 balanina Berk. (Mycena) 375 balanina Berk. (Mycena) 375 balaustinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 186 balteatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 134 balteatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 136 bambusinus (Zoll.) Rea (Cynophallus) 23 bambusinus Zoll. (Mutinus) 23 barba-Jovis (Hydnum) 646 barba-Jovis Pat. (Odontia) 651 barba-Jovis (With.) Fr. (Odontia) 646 Barlae Cke. (Russula) 471 Barlae Quel. (Russula) 476 BASIDIOMYCETAE ix, xi, 1, 21 basidium ix, xi bathypora (Rostk.) Massee (Poria) 608 bothy porus Rostk. (Polyporus) 608 Batschianum Fr. (Entoloma) 245 Battarrae Fr. (Stropharia) 130 Battarrea Pers. 5, 53 betta (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 291 betta (Pers.) QueL (CoUybia) 291 bella (Pers.) B. & Br. (Laccaria) 291 Belliae Johnst. (Omphalia) 434 benzoinus (Wahlenb.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585 Berkeley! Massee (Coniophora) 627 Berkeley i Cke. (Cortinarius) 138 Berkeleyi Massee (Cyphella) 701 Berkeleyi Massee (Geaster) 41 Berkeleyi Maire (Leptonia) 345 Berkeleyi Massee (Mycena) 382 Berkeleyi Massee (Nidularia) 45 Bernardii Quel. (Psaliota) 83 beryllus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 59 betulina (Linn.) Fr. (Lenzites) 612 betulinus (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 584 bibula Quel. (Omphalia) 306, 431 bibulosa Massee (CoUybia) 331 bicolor Cke. (Cortinarius) 186 bicolor Cke. (Cortinarius) 185 bicolor (A. & S.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 647 bicolor Karst. (Hygrophorus) 298, 299 bicolor (A. & S.) Bres. (Odontia) 638, 647 bicolor (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 665 biennis (Boletus) 617 biennis (Bull.) Quel. (Daedalea) 582, 617 biennis (Fr.) Big. & GuiU. (Phylacteria) 653 biennis Fr. (Thelephora) 654 bifida (BuU.) Schroet. (Russula) 463 biformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 177 bifrons (Berk.) Big. & GuiUem. (Hy- pholoma) 269 bifrons Berk. (Psathyra) 269, 416 biloba Massee (Volvaria) 96 biornata B. & Br. (Lepiota) 69 bisporiger Buller (Coprinus) 515 bisporus Lange (Coprinus) 515 bivelus Fr. (Cortinarius) 169 Bizzozeriana Sacc. (Clavaria) 709 blandum Berk. (Tricholoma) 241 blattaria Fr. (PhoUota) 113 blennius Fr. (Lactarius) 482 blepharistoma B. & Br. (Poria) 607 Bloxamii B. & PhiU. (Cyphella) 699 Bloxamii Berk. (Entoloma) 245 Bloxamii Berk. (Entoloma) 246 bolaris (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 159 Bolbitius FT. 8, 496 Boletaceae 9, 548 BOLETINEAE 5, 9, 548 760 INDEX Boletinus Kalchbr. 10, 556 Boletus (Dill.) Pat. 9, 10, 653, 554, 555, 557 Boltoni Fr. (Bolbitius) 497 Boltonii (Pers.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 497 Boltonii Massee (Coprinus) 503 Boltonii Fr. (Corticium) 668 Boltonii (Fr.)Cke. (Hymenochaete) 668 bombycina Fr. (Poria) 604, 617 bombycina (Fr.) Quel. (Trametes) 604, 617 bombycina Schaeff. (Volvaria) 94 bombycina (Schaeff.) Fr. (Volvaria) 94 bombycinum (Sommerf.) Bres. (Cor- ticium) 674 Bongardii (Weinm.) Fr. (Inocybe) 198 Bongardii (Weinm.) Massee (Inocybe) 203 boreale Fr. (Tricholoma) 233 boreale Fr. (Tricholoma) 236 borealis (Wahlb.) Quel. (Daedalea) 590, 617 borealis (Burt.) P. Henn. (Lysurus) 22 borealis Fr. (Polyporus) 590, 617 botryoides (Schwein.) Burt. (Hypoch- nus) 656 botryosum Bres. (Corticium) 678 botrytes Fr. (Radulum) 641, 681 botrytis (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 709 Boucheanus(Klotzsch) Fr. (Polyporus) 579 Bourdotia Bres. 18, 738 Bourdotii Bres. (Coniophora) 627 bovinus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 561 bovinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 175 Bo vista (Dill.) Morgan 4, 38 Bovista (Linn.) Fr. (Lycoperdon) 30 Bovista Fr. (Scleroderma) 49 Bo vistella Morgan 4, 37 brachyporus (W. G. Sm.) Rea (Gyro- don) 657 Bresadolae Schulz. (Coprinus) 510 Bresadolae Bourd. (Corticium) 674 Bresadolae Quel. (Hydnum) 647 brevipes (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 241 Brinkmannii (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (Grandinia) 644 Broadwoodiae B. & Br. (Lepiota) 76 Broomei Cotton & Wakef. (Clavaria) 711 Broomei Berk. (Marasmius) 530 Broomei Massee (Nidularia) 45 Broomeianus (Berk.) Tul. (Melano- gaster) 48 Brownii B. & Br. (Cantharellus) 543 Brownii B. & Br. (Cantharellus) 356 brumale Pers. (Tulostoma) 52 brumalis Fr. (Clitocybe) 287 brumalis (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 576 brunnea PhilL (Cyphella) 699 brunnea Quel. (Inocybe) 201 brunneofulvus Fr. (Cortinarius) 176 brunneola Fr. (Pholiota) 113 brunneus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 175 brunneus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 175, 176 Bryantii Berk. (Geaster) 40 bryorum (Pers.) Fr. (Galera) 411 buccinalis (Sow.) Cke. (Omphalia) 430 Buchananii (Berk.) W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 84 Bucknalli Massee (Inocybe) 213 Bucknallii( Massee) Rea (Astrosporina) 213 BucJcnallii Massee (Inocybe) 213 Bucknallii B. & Br. (Lepiota) 78 bufonium (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 229 bulbigenum B. & Br. (Entoloma) 248 bulbigera (A. & S.) Fr. (Armillaria) 105 bulbillosus Pat. (Coprinus) 509 bulbosa Barla (Armillaria) 109 bulbosus (Bull.) Big. & Guill. (Boletus) 566 bulbosus (Sow.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 169 bullacea (Bull.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 365 Bulliardii (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 158 Bulliardii Fr. (Trametes) 614 Bullii Berk. (Pluteus) 56 bullula (Brig.) Cke. (Omphalia) 434 butyracea (Bull.) Fr. ( Colly bia) 331 byssisedus (Pers.) Fr. (Claudopus) 453 byssoidea (Pers.) Bres. (Coniophorella) 629, 690 byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Peniophora) 629, 683, 690 byssoidea (Pers.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Peniophora) 682 byssoideum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 683, caelatum (Bull.) Fr. (Lycoperdon) 30 caelatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 232 caerulea Rea (Mycena) 391 caerulea Cke. (Russula) 477 caerulescens Fr. (Cortinarius) 140 caerulescens Fr. (Cortinarius) 140 caerulescens Cke. (Psilocybe) 367 caerulescens Fr. (Russula) 459 caeruleum (Schrad.) Fr. (Corticium) 673 caesariata Fr. (Inocybe) 199 caesariatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 235 caesia (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (Penio- phora), 683, 695 caesia (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 656 caesiocyaneus Britz. (Cortinarius) 140 caesium (Corticium) 656 caesium Bres. (Corticium) 695 caesius (Pers.) Wakef. (Hypochnus) 656 INDEX 761 -caesius (Schrad.) Fr. (Polyporus) 589 caespitosa Bolt. (Omphalia) 426 caespitosa (Bolt.) Cke. (Omphalia) 427 caespitosum Cke. (Hypholoma) 264 caespitosum Bres. (Tricholoma) 238 caespitosus Massee (Gyrodon) 557 calamistrata Fr. (Inocybe) 206 calcea (Pers.) Bres. (Sebacina) 737 calcea Fr. (Thelephora) 688 caleeolum(Sterb.)Fr. (Tricholoma) 238 calceolus (Bull.) Quel. (Polyporus) 577 calceum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 737 caldarii Berk. (Collybia) 343 Caldesiella Sacc. 13, 651 caligata (Viv.) Fr. (Armillaria) 106 caligatus Viv. (Agaricus) 106 caliginosa W. G. Sm. (Nyctalis) 541 caliginosus (Jungh.) Fr. (Panaeolus) 371 callisteus Fr. (Cortinarius) 158 callosa Fr. (Poria) 601 callosa Fr. (Psilocybe) 367 Calocera Fr. 19, 744 CALOCEBACEAE 19, 740 CALOCERALES xi, 2, 19, 740 calochrous (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 140 calolepis Fr. (Crepidotus) 455 calopus (Pers.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 530 calopus Fr. (Boletus) 570 calopus (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 530 calopus Fr. (Mycena) 384 calospora (Quel.) Rea (Astrosporina) calospora Quel. (Inocybe) 211 CALOSTOMATACEAE 3, 5, 51 calva (A. & S.) Fr. (Mucronella) 630 calyptraeformis Berk. (Hygrophorus) camarophyllus (A. & S.) Fr. (Hygro- phorus) 233, 298 camerina (Fr.) Rick. (Galera) 354 camerina Fr. (Naucoria) 354 ampanella (Batsch) Fr. (Omphalia) 431 campanulata Massee (Galera) 408 oampanulatus (Linn.) Fr. (Panaeolus) 371 campestris (Linn.) Fr. (Psaliota) 87 campestris (Linn.) Fr. (Psaliota) 84, 85, 88 camphoratus Fr. (Cortinarius) 156 <jamphoratus (Bull.) Fr. (Lactarius) 495. camptophylla Berk. (Omphalia) 432 camurus Fr. (Cortinarius) 161 canaliculata Fr. (Clavaria) 719 cancellatus (Tourn.) Fr. (Clathrus) 21 cancrina (Fr.) Quel. (Eccilia) 311 cancrinus Fr. (Clitopilus) 311 candicans Fr. (Boletus) 568 candicans (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 276 Candida Fr. (Mycena) 398 Candida Sacc. (Omphalia) 433 Candida (Hoffm.) Fr. (Solenia) 702 Candida Pers. (Thelephora) 701 candidum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 32 candidus (Ehrenb.) Fr. (Irpex) 611 candidus (Bolt.) Fr. (Marasmius) 528 Candolleanum Fr. (Hypholoma) 266 caninus Fr. (Cortinarius) 162 caninus (Huds.) Fr. (Cynophallus) 23 canobrunnea( Batsch) Quel. (Psathyra) 367, 413 canobrunnea (Batsch) Fr. (Psilocybe) 367, 413 canofaciens Cke. (Psilocybe) 363 Cantharellaceae 9, 540 CANTHARELLINEAE 5, 9, 540 Cantharellus Adans. 9, 541, 547 caperata (Pers.) Fr. (Pholiota) 111 caperatus (Pers.) Karst. (Rozites) 111 capillaris (Schum.) Fr. (Mycena) 400 capillitium x capistrata Cke. (Pholiota) 116 capniocephalum (Bull.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 259 capnoides Fr. (Hypholoma) 261 caprinus (Scop.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 298 capsicum Schulz. (Lactarius) 485 capsuliferum (Lycoperdon) 50 capucina Fr. (Inocybe) 194 capula (Holmsk.) Fr. (Cyphella) 699 capula Holmsk. (Peziza) 699 caput-Medusae (Bull.) Fr. (Hydnum) 636 caput-Medusae (Fr.) Rick. (Hypho- loma) 130 caput-Medusae Fr. (Stropharia) 130 carbonaria Fr. (Flammula) 317 carbonaria Fr. (Flammula) 316 carbonarius (A. & S.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 543 carbonarius (A. & S.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 536 carcharias (Pers.) Fr. (Lepiota) 76 cariosa Fr. (Amanita) 103 Carlylei Massee (Corticium) 681, 683 Carmichaelianus (Grev.) Berk. (Meru- lius) 622 Carmichaelianus Grev. (Polyporus) 622 carnea Rea (Mycena) 377 carneoalba (With.) Quel. (Eccilia) 311 carneoalbus (With.) FT. (Clitopilus) 311 carneogrisea B. & Br. (Eccilia) 435 carneolum Fr. (Tricholoma) 231, 232 carneosanguinea Rea (Mycena) 373 carneum Wallr. (Hydnangium) 29 762 INDEX carneum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 231, 232 carneus Nees (Femes) 596 carneus Fr. (Irpex) 612 carnicolor Bres. (Russula) 477 carnicolor Bres. (Russula) 477 carnosa Massee (Flammula) 320 carnosus Rostk. (Boletus) 568 carotaecolor B. & Br. (Hydnangium) 28 carpathicus (Kalchbr.) Cost. & Dufour (Marasmius) 519 carpophila (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 360 carpophila Fr. (Naucoria) 360 carpta (Scop.) Fr. (Inocybe) 200 cartilaginea (BulL) Bres. (Clitocybe) 226, 278 cartilagineum Fr. (Tricholoma) 226 caryophyttea Schaeff. (HelveUa) 652 caryophyllea (Schaeff.) Pat. (Phylac- teria) 652 caryophyllea (Schaeff.) Fr. (Thelephora) 652 cascum Fr. (Hypholoma) 266 castanea Quel. (Lepiota) 72 castaneum Pers. (Hydnum) 651 castaneu* (Bull.) FT. (Boletus) 554 castaneus (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 185 castaneus Fr. (Fomes) 596 castaneus (Bull.) Quel. (Gyroporus)554 castaneus (Bull.) Quel. (Gyroporus) 554 castoreus Fr. (Lentinus) 540 catarium Fr. (Hypholoma) 267 catervata Massee (Psilocybe) 369 catilla W. G. Sm. (CypheUa) 701 catinus Fr. (Clitocybe) 284 caudata Fr. (Psathyrella) 373, 421 caudatus (Fr.) Quel. (Panaeolus) 373, 421 caulicinalis (Bull.) Rea (Crinipellis) 534 caulicinalis (BuU.) Quel. (Marasmius) 534 causetta Barla (Annillaria) 106 causticus Fr. (Cortinarius) 146 cauticinalis (With.) Fr. (Marasmius) 529 cavipes (Opatowski) Klotzsch (Bole- tinus) 556 centrifugum (L&v.) Bres. (Corticium) 676 centunculus Fr. (Naucoria) 350 centurio Kalchbr. (Tricholoma) 219 centurio Kalchbr. (Tricholoma) 227 cepa (Vaill.) Pers. (Scleroderma) 50 cepaeforme (Bull.) Lloyd (Lycoperdon) 37 cepaestipes (Sow.) Fr. (Lepiota) 74 cepaestipes (Sow.) Pat. (Leucocoprinus) 74 ceraceus( Wulf.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 304 ceranoides (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Clavaria) 715 cerasinus Berk. (Hygrophorus) 296 cerasinus Berk. (Hygrophorus) 297 ceratopus (Pers.) Quel. (Marasmius) 529 cerebetta Pers. (Coniophora) 626 cerebrinus B. & Br. (Polyporus) 591 cerinum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 230 cernua (Schum.) Massee (CypheUa) 699 cernua Schum. (Peziza) 699 cernua (Fl. Dan.) Quel. (Psathyra) 368, 413 cernua (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 368, 413 cerodes Fr. (Naucoria) 352 cerussata Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 cerussata Fr. (Clitocybe) 276 cervicolor (Pers.) Quel. (Inocybe) 198 cervinum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Sclero- derma) 49 cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pluteus) 56 cervinus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pluteus) 57 ChaiUetii (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 666 chalybea (Pers.) Fr. (Leptonia) 345 chamaeleontina Fr. (Russula) 472 chelidonia Fr. (Mycena) 380 chimonophilus B. & Br. (Crepidotus) 456 chionea (Pers.) Quel. (Clavaria) 708 chioneus (Pers.) Quel. (Calathinus) 452 chioneus (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 452 chioneus Fr. (Polyporus) 591 Chitonla Fr. 6, 97 chlamydosporium Burt (Corticium) 674 chlorantha Fr. (Mycena) 379 chloroides Krombh. (Russula) 458 chloroides (Krombh.) Bres. (Russula) 458, 487 chlorophanus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 308 chloropolia Fr. (Leptonia) 347 chloropolia (Fr.) Quel. (Leptonia) 346 Chlorospora Massee 62 chondroderma B. & Br. (Psilocybe) 364 Chrysanthemi Plowr. (Peniophora) 677, 697 chrysenteron (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 562 chrysites (Jungh.) Gillet (Tricholoma) 224 chrysocoma (Peziza) 741 chrysocomus (Bull.) Tul. (Dacryo- myces) 741 chrysodon Fr. (Hygropliorus) 291 chrysoleuca (Pers.) Fr. (Omphalia) 429 chrysophaeus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pluteus) 61 chrysophylla (Fr.) Quel. (Flammula) 324, 424 chrysophylla Fr. (Omphalia) 324, 424 chrysorheus Fr. (Lactarius) 485 INDEX 763 chrysorheus FT. (Lactarius) 489 cibarius Fr. (Cantharellus) 542 cidaris Fr. (Naucoria) 349 cilicioides Fr. (Lactarius) 479 cimicarius (Batsch) Cke. (Lactarius) 495 cimicarius (Batsch) Quel. (Lactarius) 495 cincinnata Fr. (Inocybe) 203 cincta Berk. (Poria) 600 cinctulus (Bolt.) Cke. (Panaeolus) 372 cinctum (Fuck.) Rea (Glischroderma) 54 cinerascens( Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 285 cinerascens (Batsch) W. G. Sm. (Clitocybe) 285 cinerascens Karst. (Hypochnus) 656 cinerascens (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 238, 278 cinerea (Bull.) Fr. (Clavaria) 705 cinerea (Bull.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713 cinerea Fr. (Daedalea) 613, 619 cinerea (Fr.) Quel. (Lenzites) 613, 619 cinerea Massee & Crossl. (Mycena) 388 cinerea (Fr.) Cke. (Peniophora) 683, 696 cinerella Karst. (Mycena) 387 cinereorimosum Batsch (Tricholoma) 227 cinereum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 696 cinereum (Bull.) Fr. (Hydnum) 633 cinereus (Pers.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 544 cinereus (Schaeff.) Cke. (Coprinus) 504 cinereus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 299 cinnabarina (A. & S.) Fr. (Lepiota) 76 cinnabarina (Jacq.) Fr. (Trametes) 616 cinnabarinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 164 cinnabarinus (Jacq.) Quel. (Phellinus) 616 cinnamomea (Pers.) Bres. (Hymeno- chaete) 670 cinnamomeum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 670 cinnamomeus (Linn.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 165 cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc. (Polyporus), 575 cinnamomeus (Jacq.) Sacc. (Poly- stictus) 575 circellatus Fr. (Lactarius) 483 circinata (Fr.) Quel. (Clitocybe) 444 circinatus Fr. (Pleurotus) 444 circumtectum Cke. (Tricholoma) 234 cirrhata (Schum.) Fr. (CoUybia) 334 cirrhata (Schum.) Quel. (CoJlybia) 338, 528 cirrhatum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 637 citri (Inzenga) Fr. (ArmUlaria) 110 citrina (Gonn. & Rabenh.) Rea (Am- anita) 100 citrina (Schaeff.) Quel. (Amanita) 99 citrina Quel. (Omphalia) 429 citrina Gillet (Russula) 462 citrina (Russula) 477 citrinella (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 397 citrinum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 683, 685 citrinus Rea (Hygrophorus) 304 citrinus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 26 citrophylla B. & Br. (Lepiota) 72 civile Fr. (Tricholoma) 236 Cladoderrls Pers. 14, 670 clamp connections ix claricolor Fr. (Cortinarius) 133 Clarkeinda 0. Kuntz 6, 97 Clarkii (B. & Br.) W. G. Sm. (Hygro- phorus) 295, 301 Clarkii B. & Br. (Inocybe) 196 claroflava (Grove) Cke. (Russula) 466 Clathraceae 2, 3, 21 Clathrus (Micheli) Pers. 3, 21 Claudopus W. G. Sm. 8, 453 Clavaria (Vaill.) Fr. 16, 17, 705, 728 Clavariaceae 16, 704 CLAVARHNEAE 10, 16, 704 clavata (Pers.) Berk. (Tremella) 732 clavatum (Pers.) Pat. (Neurophyllum) 548 clavatus Krombh. (Cantharellus) 548 clavatus (Batt.) Quel. (Coprinus) 500 clavatus (Pers.) Fr. (Craterellus) 548 claviceps Fr. (Hebeloma) 255 clavicularis Fr. (Mycena) 397 clavipes (Pers.) FT." (Clitocybe) 269 clavularis (Fr.) Big. & Guill. (Phylac- teria) 652 clavularis Fr. (Thelephora) 652 clavus (Linn.) Fr. (CoUybia) 338 clavus (Schaeff.) Quel. (CoUybia) 521 clavus (Linn.) Rea (Mycena) 338, 378 Clitocybe Fr. 7, 269 clitopila Cke. & Sm. (Flammula) 314 Clitopilus Fr. 7, 309 clivalis Fr. (Hygrophorus) 301 clivensis B. &*Br. (Psilocybe) 369 Clusii Bataille (Russula) 469 Clusii Fr. (Russula) 469 clusUis Fr. (CoUybia) 342 clypeatum (Linn.) Fr. (Entoloma) 249 clypeolaria Auct. plur. (Lepiota) 69, 70 clypeolaria (Bull.) Fr. (Lepiota) 69 clypeolarioides Rea (Lepiota) 69 clypeum Fr. (Entoloma) 249 cnista Fr. (Tricholoma) 238 coccinea (Scop.) Sacc. (Mycena) 393 coccinea (Sow.) Quel. (Mycena) 378 coccineus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 304 coccineus Massee (Pluteus) 61 cochleatus (Pers.) Fr. (Lentinus) 539 codoniceps Cke. (Mycena) 400 764 INDEX coelestina Fr. (Nolanea) 405 cognatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 240 cohaerens (A. & S.) Cke. (Marasmius) 382, 529 cohaerens (A. & S.) Fr. (Mycena) 382, 529 Colemannianus Blox. (Hygrophorus) 303 COLBOSPORHNEAE xi, 16, 726 coliforme (Dicks.) Pers. (Geastrum) 39 coliforme Dicks. (Lycoperdon) 39 coliforme (Dicks.) Cda. (Myriostoma) 39 coUabefacta B. & Br. (Poria) 607 collariata Fr. (Mycena) 392 collina (Scop.) Fr. (Collybia) 334 collinitus Fr. (Boletus) 559 cottinitus Sow. (Cortinarius) 150 collinitus (Sow.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 Collybia Fr. 7, 326 colossa (Fr.) Boud. (Armillaria) 107, 217 colossum FT. (Tricholoma) 107, 217 columbetta Fr. (Tricholoma) 221 columbetta Fr. (Tricholoma) 216 columbinus Bres. (Pleurotus) 446 columbinus Quel. (Pleurotus) 445, 446 columbinus (Quel.) Cke. (Pleurotus) 446 columella x colus FT. (Cortinarius) 186 colymbadinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 166 comatus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Coprinus) 499 comedens (Nees) Fr. (Corticium) 641, 681, 683 comedens (Nees) Fr. (Corticium) 681 comedens (Nees) R. Maire(Vuilleminia) 681 comitialis (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 270 commixta Bres. (Inocybe) 209 commune Fr. (Schizophyllum) 452 comosa Fr. (Pholiota) 116 compacta Tul. (Octaviania) 28 compactum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 634 compactum Fr. (Tricholoma) 225 compta Fr. (Psilocybe) 366 comptulus B. & Br. (Agaricus) 366 comtula Fr. (Psaliota) 90 concava (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 286 concavus Fr. (Lactarius) 494 conchatum Fr. (Stereum) 665 conchatus (Pers.) Fr. (Fomes) 594 conchatus (Bull.) Fr. (Panus) 535 conchyliata Allen (Clavaria) 709 condensata Fr. (Clavaria) 712 conferta (Bolt.) Fr. (Galera) 409 confine Bourd. & Galz. (Corticium) 681 confluens (Pers.) Fr. (Collybia) 334, 522 confluens Fr. (Corticium) 679 confluens Fr. (Corticium) 640 confluens Schwein. (Merulius) 620 confluens Fr. (Nidularia) 46 confluens (Pers.) Fr. (Sistotrema) 591 conformata Karst. (Inocybe) 202 confragosa (Bolt.) Fr. (Daedalea) 618 confragosa Fr. (Pholiota) 122 confragosus Bolt. (Boletus) 618 confusum B. & Br. (Porothelium) 645, 703 conglobata (Vitt.) Bres. (Clitocybe) 279 conglobata (Vitt.) Bres. (Clitocybe) 233, 279 congregatus (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 508 cornea (Pico.) Quel. (Volvaria) 96 conicus (Scop.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 307 conigena Fr. (Collybia) 521 conigena (Pers.) Bres. (Collybia) 334, 521 conigenus (Pers.) Karst. (Marasmius) 334, 337, 521 Conlophora (DC.) Pers. 12, 15, 626 Conlophorella Karst. 12, 15, 628 conissans Fr. (Flammula) 319 connata (Schum.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 279 connatus Fr. (Fomes) 596 connatus Karst. (Hygrophorus) 302 conocephalus Bull. (Bolbitius) 499 conopilea Fr. (Psathyra) 413 conopilea Fr. (Psathyra) 413 consimilis Cke. (Mycena) 389 consobrina Fr. (Russula) 465 consobrina Fr. (Russula) 465 conspersa (Pers.) Fr. (Naucoria) 359 conspersa (Pers.) Fr. (Naucoria) 439 conspersa Bres. (Odontia) 693 constricta Fr. (Armillaria) 73, 107 constricta (Fr.) Quel. (Lepiota) 73, 107 contigua (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 606 contiguus Fr. (Lentinus) 538 contorta (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718 contorta (Bull.) Gill. & Lucand (Col- lybia) 329 contorta Fr. (Phlebia) 625 contorta Fr. (Phlebia) 624 controversus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 480 Cookei Massee (Coniophora) 626 Cookei Quel. (Cortinarius) 181 Cookei Rich. (Entoloma) 247, 443 Cookei Massee (Gomphidius) 325 Cookei Bres. (Inocybe) 205 Cookei Massee (Lycoperdon) 36 Cookei Fr. (Pholiota) 112 Cookei Sacc. (Psilocybe) 361 Coprinus (Pers.) Fr. 8, 499 coprophila (Bull.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 365 coprophilum Wakef. (Corticium) 676 coracina Fr. (Collybia) 339 corallinum B. & Br. (Radulum) 641 coralloides (Linn.) Fr. (Clavaria) 705 INDEX 765 coralloides (Scop.) FT. (Hydnum) 636 cordisporus Gibbs (Coprinus) 511 corium (Pers.) Fr. (Merulius) 620 corium Pers. (Thelephora) 620 cornea (Batsch) Fr. (Calocera) 745 comiculata(Schaeff.) FT. (Clavaria) 708 cornucopiae (Paul.) Quel. (Pleurotus) 444 comucopioides (Linn.) Fr. (Craterellus) 546 coronatus (Schaeff. ) Lloyd (Geaster) 44 coroniferum von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Corticium) 686 coronilla (Bull.) Fr. (Stropharia) 127 coronilla (Bull.) Fr. (Stropharia) 127 corrosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 142 corrugata (Fr.) Lev. (Hymenochaete) 669 corrugatum Fr. (Corticium) 669 corrugis (Pers.) Fr. (Psathyra) 414 corrugis (Pers.) Fr. (Psathyra) 418 corticalis Fr. (Calocera) 745 corticatus Fr. (Pleurotus) 441 corticatus FT. (Pleurotus) 442 Corticium (Pers.) 14, 18, 672 corticola (Schum.) Fr. (Mycena) 400 corticola Fr. (Poria) 606 Cortinarius Fr. 7, 132 coruscans Fr. (Cortinarius) 147 corydalina Quel. (Inocybe) 196 coryphaeum Fr. (Tricholoma) 215 cossus (Sow.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 292 costata (Viv.) Fr. (Psaliota) 87 costatum Fr. (Entoloma) 251 cothurnata Fr. (Stropharia) 132 cothurnatus Godey (Coprinus) 505 cotonea Quel. (Stropharia) 130, 264 cotoneus Fr. (Cortinarius) 166 craspedius Fr. (Pleurotus) 443 crassa Britzl. (Clavaria) 707 crassa (Lev.) B. & Br. (Hymenochaete) 670 crassa Lev. (Thelephora) 670 crassifolia(Berk.) Bres. (Collybia) 227, 328 crassifolium Berk. (Tricholoma) 227, 328 crassum (Fr.) Rick. (Hebeloma) 134 crassus Massee (Boletus) 566 crassus Fr. (Cortinarius) 134 crassus Fr. (Paxillus) 552 Craterellus Fr. 9, 546 cremea Bres. (Peniophora) 691 cremeum Bres. (Corticium) 691 cremor Fr. (Lactarius) 489 crenata (Lasch) Fr. (Psathyrella) 422 crenata (Lasch) Fr. (Psathyrella) 516 crenatus (Lasch) Rick. (Coprinus) 422 crenatus Massee (Lactarius) 496 Crepidotus Fr. 8, 454 cretacea (Bull.) Fr. (Lepiota) 74 cretacea Quel. (Pratella) 85 cretacea Fr. (Psaliota) 72, 85, 86 cretatus B. & Br. (Clitopilus) 311 crinale Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 651 crinalis (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Caldesi- ella) 638, 651 crinalis (Fr.) Bres. (Odontia) 651 Crinipellis Pat. 8, 534 crispa (Pers.) Rea (Plicatura) 622, 626 crispa (Wulf.) Fr. (Sparassis) 660 crispa (Pers.) Fr. (Trogia) 626 crispula Fr. (Clavaria) 714 crispus (Sow.) Fr. (Craterellus) 546 crispus (Pers.) Quel. (Merulius) 622, 626 crispus (Pers.) Quel. (Polyporus) 588 cristata (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 705 cristata (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 705 cristata (Pers.) Pat. (Cristella) 683, 686 cristata (A. & S.) Fr. (Lepiota) 71 cristata (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 737 cristatus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 581 Cristella Pat. 15, 686 cristulata Fr. (Odontia) 649 cristulatum Quel. (Stereum) 663 crobulus (Fr.) Quel. (Naucoria) 440 crobulus Fr. (Tubaria) 440 crocata (Schrad.) Fr. (Mycena) 395 crocea (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713 croceocaeruleus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortin- arius) 147 croceoconus Fr. (Cortinarius) 165 croceoferruginea Massee (Hymeno- chaete) 670 croceofulvus (DC.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 173 croceotingens (Wakef.) Bres. (Gloeo- cystidium) 686, 738 croceum (Kunze) Bres. (Corticium) 676 croceum Kunze & Schmidt (Sporo- trichum) 676 croceus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 165 crocolitus Quel. (Cortinarius) 135 Crosslandii Cotton (Clavaria) 720 Crosslandii Massee (Peniophora) 693, 697 cruciatum (Lycoperdon) 32 Crucibulum Tul. 4, 46 cruenta Fr. (Mycena) 394 cruentata Cke. & Sm. (Pholiota) 121 cruentua Vent. (Boletus) 563 Crustacea (Schum.) Fr. (Thelephora) 657 crustaceus (Schum.) Karst. (Hypoch- nus) 657 crustosa (Pera.) Fr. (Grandinia) 645, 649 crustosa (Pers.) Quel. (Odontia) 645, 649 766 INDEX crustuliniforme (Bull.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 257 cryptarum (Letell.) B. & Br. (Clitocybe) 280 cryptarum (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585 cryptarum (Letell.) W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 85 crystallina Bourd. (Heterochaetella) 738 crystallina von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Peniophora) 693 crystallinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 146 Cucumis (Pers.) Fr. (Naucoria) 350, 404,405 culmigena Mont. & Fr. (Pistillaria) 723 cumatilis Fr. (Cortinarius) 145 cuneifolium Fr. (Tricholoma) 226 cuprea Cke. (Russula) 473 cupularis (BuU.) Quel. (Lactarius) 437, 490 cupularis (Bull.) Fr. (Tubaria) 437 cupulatus Fr. (Cantharellus) 545 Curreyi (B. & Br.) Rea (Androsaceus) 532 Curreyi B. & Br. (Cyphella) 698 Curreyi Berk. (Inocybe) 206, 207 Curreyi B. & Br. (Marasmius) 532 curta Fr. (Clavaria) 709 curtipes Fr. (Clitocybe) 271 curtus Kalchbr. (Coprinus) 516 curtus Fr. (Cortinarius) 176 curvipes Fr. (Pholiota) 120 cuspidata Fr. (Nolanea) 403 cuticularis (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585 cuticulosa (Dicks.) Berk. (Cyphella) 700 cuticulosa Dicks. (Peziza) 700 cutifracta Cke. (Russula) 471 cyanescens (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 553 cyanescens (Bull.) Quel. (Gyroporus) 553 cyaneus Wakef. (Hypochnus) 656 cyanites Fr. (Cortinarius) 155 cyanophaea Fr. (Clitocybe) 272 cyanopus (Seer.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 135 cyanoxantha (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 462 cyanulus (Lasch) Fr. (Leptonia) 344 cyathiforme (SchaefiE.) Fr. (Hydnum) 634 cyathiformis (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 285 cyathula Fr. (Lactartus) 490 Cyathus Haller 5, 46 cyclas Cke. & Phill. (Cyphella) 699 CynophalluS (Fr.) Cda. 3, 23 Cyphella Fr. 15, 698 Cyphellaceae 11, 15, 697 cyphellaeformis (Berk.) Cost. & Dufour (Dictyolus) 451, 547 cyphellaeformis Berk. (Pleurotus) 451, 547 cystidia ix cystidioles 14 Cytidia Quel. 15, 697 cytisinus (Berk.) Massee (Fomes) 595 cytisinus Berk. (Polyporus) 595 Dacryomitra Tul. 19, 743 Dacryomyces Nees 19, 740 Dacryopsis Massee 743 Daedalea (Pers.) Fr. 12, 617 damascenus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 183 dealbata (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 276 debilis Fr. (Mycena) 392 decastes Fr. (Clitocybe) 277 decastes (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 277 decipiens (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 191 decipiens W. G. Sm. (Flammula) 314 decolorans (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 147 decolorans Fr. (Russula) 470 decoloratus Fr. (Cortinarius) 146 Deconica W. G. Sm. 364 decora Fr. (Clitocybe) 219 decorum (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 219, 443 decorus Tul. (Hymenogaster) 26 decor us Fr. (Pleurotus) 219, 443 decumbens (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 160 decurrens (Boud.) Rea (Leptonia) 347 decussata Fr. (Flammula) 316 decussata Fr. (Flammula) 316 deformis Fr. (Irpex) 612 degener Fr. (Xerotus) 536 degener Fr. (Xerotus) 543 deglubens Fr. (Inocybe) 198 deglubens B. & Br. (Radulum) 641, 739 delecta Karst. (Inocybe) 199 delibutus Fr. (Cortinarius) 151 delica Auct. plur. (Russula) 458 delica Fr. (Russula) 457 delicata ( Fr. ) Boud. ( Armillaria) 81,107 delicata Fr. (Lepiota) 81, 107 deliciosus (Linn.) Fr. (Lactarius) 487 deliquescens (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 508 deliquescens (Bull.) Duby (Dacryo- myces) 741 deliquescens (Tremella) 741 demissa Fr. (Omphalia) 428 denigrata Fr. (Armillaria) 110 densifolia (Seer.) Gill. (Russula) 459 dentata With. (Nidularia) 46 dentatus (With.) W. G. Sm. (Sphaero- bolus) 46, 54 denticulata (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (Acia) 638, 642 denticulata (Bolt.) Quel. (Mycena) 373 denticulatum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 642 INDEX 767 depallens Cke. (Russula) 469 depallens (Cke.) Maire (Russula) 469 depilata (Pers.) Fr. (Stropharia) 125 depluens (Batsch) W. G. Sm. (Claudo- pus) 453 depressum Bon. (Lycoperdon) 32 depressus Fr. (Cortinarius) 193 Dermocybe Fr. 160 descissa Fr. (Inocybe) 197 Desmazieres (Lycoperdon) 36 destricta Fr. (Inocybe) 206 destructor (Schrad.) Fr. (Polyporus) 589 destruens (Brond.) Fr. (Pholiota) 116 destruens (Brond.) Fr. (Pholiota) 117 detonsus Fr. (Cortinarius) 192 detritica Bourd. (Peniophora) 689 detrusa Fr. (Omphalia) 423 devexus Fr. (Cantharellus) 545 diabolicus Fr. (Cortinarius) 161 diatreta Fr. (Clitocybe) 288 dibaphus Fr. (Cortinarius) 141 dichroum (Pers.) FT. (Entoloma) 249 Dictyolus Quel. 9, 547 dictyorhizus (DC.) Quel. (Calathinus) 449 dictyorhizus (DC.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 449 diSormis (Schum.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 diffractum Fr. (Hebeloma) 260 digitalis (Batsch) Fr. (Coprinus) 508 dilatata Fr. (Mycena) 398 dilectus Fr. (Coprinus) 509 dilutus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 184 dimidiatus (Schaeff.) Sacc. (Pleurotus) 442 directa B. & Br. (Omphalia) 433 directa B. & Br. (Omphalia) 433 disciforme (DC.) Fr. (Stereum) 666, 671 disciformis (DC.) Pat. (Aleurodiscus) 666, 671 discoideus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 295 discopus Lev. (Mycena) 399 discopus Lev. (Mycena) 400 discoxanthus (Fr.) Rea (Hygrophorus) 292 dispersa B. & Br. (Naucoria) 359 dispersum Fr. (Hypholoma) 263 disseminata (Pers.) Fr. (Psathyrella) 422, 517 disseminatus (Pers.) Quel. (Coprinus) 422, 517 dissiliens Fr. (Mycena) 386 dissimulans B. & Br. (Pholiota) 121 dissipabilis Britzl. (Clavaria) 715 distans Berk. (Hygrophorus) 301 distorta Fr. (Collybia) 331 Ditiola FT. 19, 742 ditopus Fr. (Clitocybe) 288 diversidens Fr. (Hydnum) 637 dochmiospora B. & Br. (Cyphella) 700 dolabratus Fr. (Cortinarius) 189 domesticus (Pers.) Fr. (Coprinus) 513 Dorotheae Berk. (Collybia) 342 drimeia Cke. (Russula) 467 dryadeus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 584 dryinus (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 442 dryinus (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 441 dryophila (Bull.) Fr. (Collybia) 337, 524, 525 dryophilus (Bull.) Karst. (Marasmius) 337, 381, 524 dulcamara (A. & S.) Fr. (Inocybe) 203 dulcidula Schulz. (Psaliota) 91 Dunalii (DC.) Fr. (Lentinus) 537 Dunalii (DC.) Quel. (Lentinus) 537 Duportii PhiU. (Russula) 476 Duportii (Phill.) Massee (Russula) 476 dura (Bolt.) Fr. (Pholiota) 114 duracinum Cke. (Tricholoma) 239 duracinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 183 duriuscula Rea (Astrosporina) 208 duriuscula Rea (Inocybe) 208 duriusculus Schulz. (Boletus) 572 eburneus Quel. (Coprinus) 517 eburneus (Bull. ) FT. (Hygrophorus) 292 ecbola Fr. (Tubaria) 440 Ecchyna Fr. 17, 729 Ecchynaceae 17, 729 ECCHYNINEAE xi, 16, 17, 729 Eccilia Fr. 8, 435 echinata (Roth.) Cke. (Inocybe) 206 echinata (Roth.) Boud. (Lepiota) 77 echinata (Roth.) Fr. (Psaliota) 91 echinatum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 32 echinocephala Vitt. (Amanita) 102 echinospora W. G. Sm. (Naucoria) 350 echinosporum Ellis (Corticium) 657, 682 echinosporus Buller (Coprinus) 504 echinosporus (Ellis) Burt (Hvpochnus) 657, 682 ectypa Fr. (Clitocybe) 289 ectypa (Fr.) Quel. (Collybia) 289 edulis (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 566 effugiens Quel. (Naucoria) 361, 456 effusa Schroet. (Platygloea) 726 egenulum B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 268 egregium Massee (Hypholoma) 265 egregius Massee (Panaeolus) 370 Eichleriella Bres. 14, 18, 738 elaeodes Fr. (Hypholoma) 262 elata Massee (Psathyra) 413 elatior Fr. (Cortinarius) 150 elatum (Batsch) Fr. (Hebeloma) 257 datum Quel. (Hebeloma) 258 electica Bucknall (Mycena) 399 dectrina Phill. & Plowr. (Peziza) 741 degans Sow. (Auricularia) 665 768 INDEX elegans (Schum.) Fr. (Boletus) 558 elegans Massee (Cortinarius) 152 elegans Massee (Hebeloma) 253 elegans (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 374 elegans (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 577 elegans Bres. (Russula) 461 elegantior Fr. (Cortinarius) 143 elephantina Fr. (Russula) 458 elixa (Sow.) Berk. (Clitocybe) 278 elongata Berk. (Psaliota) 88 elongata (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 363 Elvensis B. & Br. (Psaliota) 83 Elvensis B. & Br. (Psaliota) 82 elytroides (Scop.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 229 embola Fr. (Tubaria) 439 emetica (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 468 Emilii Riel (Amanita) 101 emollitus Fr. (Cortinarius) 145 emplastrum Cke. & Massee (Lepiota) 68 empyreumatica B. & Br. (Psathyrella) 421 encephcda (Willd.)Fr. (Naematelia) 732 encephala (Willd.) Quel. (Tremella) 732 endoperidium x Entoloma Fr. 7, 243 Eocronartlum Atkinson 17, 728 ephebius Fr. (Pluteus) 58 ephemeroides (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 509 ephemerus Bull. (Agaricus) 511 ephemeras (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 515 epibryus Fr. (Crepidotus) 456 epichloe (Fr.) Rea (Androsaceus) 533 epichloe Fr. (Marasmius) 533 epichysium (Pers.) Fr. (Omphalia) 426 epigaea B. & Br. (Sebacina) 731 epigaea B. & Br. (Tremella) 731 epigaeus (Pers.) B. & Br. (Crepidotus) 455 epileata W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 85 epileucum B. & Br. (Radulum) 641 epileucus Fr. (Polyporus) 589 epimyces (Peck) Atk. (Stropharia) 63 epiphylla Fr. (Calocera) 745 epiphylloides Rea (Androsaceus) 534 epiphyllus (Fr.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 533 epiphyttus Fr. (Marasmius) 533, 534 epipterygia (Scop.) Fr. (Mycena) 396 epipterygioides Pears. (Mycena) 396 Eplthele Pat. 14, 671 epixanthum Fr. (Hypholoma) 262 epixantkus Rostk. (Polyporus) 590 equestre (Linn.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 215 erebia Fr. (Pholiota) 112 erebia Fr. (Pholiota) 110 erecta Rea (Phlebia) 625 erecta (Bres.) (Polyporus) 579 ericaea (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 362 ericaea (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 362 ericetorum Pers. (Clavaria) 716 ericetorum (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 285 ericeus (Bull.) Schroet. (Hygrophorus) 300 erinacea Fr. (Naucoria) 121, 359 erinacea (Fr.) Quel. (Pholiota) 121, 359 erinaceus (Bull.) Fr. (Hydnum) 636 eriocephala Rea (Collybia) 327 erminea Fr. (Lepiota) 73 erophilum (Fr. (Entoloma) 244 erubescens Fr. (Hygrophorus) 293 erythrinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 190 erythrocephalus (Lev.) Fr. (Coprinus) 508 erythropus (Pers.) Quel. (Boletus) 571 erythropus (Pers.) Quel. (Collybia) 337, 521 erythropus (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 521 erythropus (Phacoriza) 721 erythropus (Fr.) Peltereau (Russula) 471 erythropus (Bolt.) Fr. (Typhula) 721 escharoides Fr. (Naucoria) 360 esculenta (Wulf.) Fr. (Collybia) 334 r 521 esculentus (Wulf.) Karst. (Marasmius) 334, 521 euchlora (Lasch) Fr. (Leptonia) 346 euchroa (Pers.) Fr. (Leptonia) 345 EU-HOMOBASIDHNEAE xi, 1, 2, 21 Euonymi (Kalchbr.) Cke. (Fomes) 594 euosmus (Berk.) Cke. (Pleurotus) 445 eupora Karst. (Poria) 600 Eusebacina Rea 737 eustygia Cke. (Collybia) 339 eutheles B. & Br. (Inocybe) 195 evectum Grove (Tricholoma) 241 evernius Fr. (Cortinarius) 172 evolvens Fr. (Corticium) 673, 682 exannulata Cke. (Psaliota) 88 excelsa Fr. (Amanita) 102 excentricus Fr. (Paxillus) 551 excipuliforme Desmaz. (Lycoperdon) 36 excipuliforme (Scop.) Pers. (Lyco- perdon) 31 excisa, Lasch (Mycena) 382 excisa (Lasch) Gillet (Mycena) 382 excoriata (Schaeff.) Fr. (Lepiota) 66 Exidia Fr. 18, 734 exilis Fr. (Nolanea) 405 eximius Saund. & Sm. (Pluteus) 57 Exobasidiaceae 16, 725 EXOBASIDIALES 1, 16, 725 EXOBASIDIINEAE xi, 1, 16, 725 Exobasidium Woronin 16, 725 exoperidium x INDEX 769 expallens (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 285 expallens Boud. (Hygrophorus) 296 expallens Fr. (Mycena) 379 expallens Gill. (Russula) 467 expolita Fr. (Psathyrella) 422 exscissum Fr. (Tricholoma) 241 exscissum Fr. (Tricholoma) 241 exsculpta Fr. (Collybia) 338, 525 exsculptus (Fr.) Rea (Marasmius) 338, 525 exserta (Viv.) Rea (Psaliota) 88 exsuccus (Otto) Fr. (Lactarius) 458, 487 extenuatus Fr. (Paxillus) 549 extinctorius (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 503 extuberans (Batt.) Fr. (Collybia) 337 exumbonatus Boud. (Lactarius) 490 Eyrei Wakef. (Bourdotia) 686, 738 Eyrei (Massee) Rea (Glaucospora) 56, 62 Eyrei Bres. (Poria) 602 Eyrei Massee (Schulzeria) 56, 62 Eyrei Wakef. (Sebacina) 686 fagetorum (Fr.) Gillet (Mycena) 382 Fagi (B. & Br.) Cke. (Paxillus) 553 faginea (B. & Br.) Fr. (Ecchyna) 729 faginea B. & Br. (Pilacre) 729 faginea (Schrad.) Karst. (Plicatura) 626 fagineum (Pers.) Fr. (Radulum) 640, 641 fallax Quel. (Cortinarius) 178 fattax Schaeff. (Russula) 468 fallax (Schaeff.) Massee (Russula) 468 fallax Peck (Tricholoma) 231 falsarius Fr. (Cortinarius) 182 farinacea (Pers.) Bourd. & GaLz. (Grandinia) 638, 643 farinacea Rea (Hydnopsis) 650 farinaceum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 643 farinaceus (Schum.) Rea (Panus) 536 farinaceus Fr. (Panus) 535, 536 farinella Fr. (Poria) 607 Farrahii Massee & Crossland (Ento- loma) 246 farrea (Lasch) Fr. (Mycena) 379 fasciata (Cke. & Massee) Rea (Astro- sporina) 210 fasciata Cke. & Massee (Inocybe) 210 fasciatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 194 fasciculare (Huds.) Fr. (Hypholoma) 262, 290 fascicularis (Huds.) Quel. (Flammu- loides) 262 faeciculata Pers. (Solenia) 702 fastibile Fr. (Hebeloma) 253 fastidiosa (Pers.) FT. (Thelephora) 686 fastidiosum (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Corticium) 683, 686 fastigiata (Linn.) Fr. (Clavaria) 708 fastigiata (Schaeff.) Fr. (Inocybe) 206, 207 fatua Fr. (Psathyra) 268, 416 fatuum (Fr.) Quel. (Hypholoma) 268, 416 favosum (Rostk.) Bonord. (Lycoperdon) 30 felina (Pers.) Fr. (Lepiota) 71 fellea Fr. (Russula) 466 felleus (Bull.) FT. (Boletus) 554 felleus (Bull.) Karst. (Tylopilus) 554 Femsjonia FT. 19, 743 ferruginea (Auricularia) 667 fermginea (Schum.) Fr. (Daedalea) 619 ferrugineum Auct. pi. (Hydnum) 651 ferrugineum Fr. (Hydnum) 634 ferrugineus (Pers.) Fr. (Hypochnus) ferruginosa Sacc. (Caldesiella) 651 ferruginosa (Schrad.) Fr. (Poria) 594, 606 ferruginosum Fr. (Hydnum) 638 ferruginosus (Schrad.) Massee (Fomes) 594, 606 ferruginosus Fr. (Polyporus) 594, 602 fertile Berk. (Entoloma) 247 festiva Fr. (Naucoria) 348 fibrillosa FT. (Inocybe) 199 fibrillosa (Pers.) Fr. (Psathyra) 268, 417 fibrillosum (Pers.) Quel. (Hypholoma) 268, 417 fibrosa (Sow.) Rea (Astrosporina) 208 fibrosa (Sow.) Fr. (Inocybe). 208 fibula (Bull.) Fr. (Omphalia) 433 fibula Fr. (Polystictus) 609 ficoides (Bull.) Schroet. (Hygrophorus) filamentosa (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pholiota) 117 flamentosum W. G. Sm. (Corticium) 682 filaris Fr. (Pholiota) 113 filia FT. (Flammula) 317 filicea Cke. (Flammula) 324 filiformis (Clavaria) 721 filiformis B. & Br. (Coprinus) 517 filiformis (Phacorhiza) 721 filiformis (Bull.) Fr. (Typhula) 721 Slopes (Bull.) Fr. (Mycena) 390 fimbriata (Bolt.) Quel. (Clitocybe) 443 fimbriata (Pers.) FT. (Odontia) 639 fimbriata (Pers.) Fr. (Tremella) 730 fimbriatum (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (Mycoleptodon) 639 fimbriatum (Pers.) Fr. (Porothelium) 703 fimbriatus Fr. (Geaster) 42 fimbriatus Currey (Lentinus) 540 fimbriatus (Bolt.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 443 49 770 INDEX fimetarius (Linn.) Fr. (Coprinus) 503, 504 fimicola Fr. (Panaeolus) 372 fimiputris (Bull.) Karst. (Anellaria) 92 fimiputris (Bull.) FT. (Panaeolus) 92 fingibilis Britz. (Russula) 463 fmitimus Weinm. (Cortinarius) 157 firma Fr. (Inocybe) 195 firmum Fr. (Hebeloma) 254 firmus Fr. (Cortinarius) 182 Fistulina (Bull.) Fr. 12, 629 Fistulinaceae 10, 12, 629 fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr (Clavaria) 718 fistulosa (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718 flabelliformis (Bolt.) Fr. (Lentinus) 540 flabelliformis (Schaeff.) Quel. (Panus) 535 flabellum Fr. (Cortinarius) 178 flaccida Fr. (Clavaria) 712 flaccida (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 283 flaccida (Bull.) Fr. (Lenzites) 612 flammaw (Scop.). Schroet. (Hygro- phorus) 305 flammans Fr. (Pholiota) 120 flammea (Schaeff.) Quel. (Calocera) 744 Flammula Fr. 7, 313 flava (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clavaria) 710 flava Cke. (Omphalia) 429 flaveolum Massee (Corticium) 682 flavescens (Bon.) Massee (Corticium) 678 flavescens Cke. (Cortinarius) 139 (C5 flavescens Bon. (Hypochnus) 678 flavescens Quel. (Lycoperdon) 31 flavescens Gillet (Psaliota) 86 flavida (Schaeff.) Fr. (Flammula) 319 flavida Cke. (Russula) 473 flavidus (Bolt.) Massee (Bolbitius) 497 flavidus Fr. (Boletus) 559 flavidus Boud. (Lactarius) 484 flavidus Boud. (Lactarius) 483 flavipes Quel. (Mycena) 378 flavoalba Fr. (Mycena) 380 flavobrunneum Fr. (Tricholoma) 217 flavovirens Berk. & Rav. (Polyporus) 578 flavus With. (Boletus) 559 flavus (With.) Rea (Boletus) 559 flexipes Fr. (Cortinarius) 178 flexipes Karst. (Galera) 407 flexuosus Fr. (Lactarius) 484 flexuosus Massee (Lactarius) 492 floccifera B. & Br. (Flammula) 314 floccipes Fr. (Collybia) 333 floccosus Karst. (Pluteus) 59 flocculenta (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Cytidia) 683, 697 flocculentum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 697 flocculosa Berk. (Inocybe) 202, 207 flocculosum Boud. (Hypholoma) 267 flocculosus (DC.) Fr. (Coprinus) 503 floriforme (Schaeff.) Quel. (Hydnum) 634 flosculinus (Bataille) Rea (Androsaceus) flosculus W. G. Sm. (Eccilia) 436 flosculus Quel. (Marasmius) 530 flos-sulfuris Schnitz. (Agaricus) 74 fluens Boud. (Lactarius) 482 flurstedtiensis (Batsch) Sacc. (Crepi- dotus) 455 fluxilis (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 451 fluxilis Fr. (Pleurotus) 451 focalis Fr. (Armillaria) 106 focalis Fr. (Armillaria) 106 fodiens Kalchbr. (Collybia) 330 foenisecii (Pers.) Quel. (Psathyra) 369, 413 foenisecii (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 369, 413 foetens Phill. (Hygrophorus) 300 foetens (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 464 foetidum B. & Br. (Corticium) 682 foetidum Pers. (Merisma) 652 foetidus (Sow.) Fr. (Marasmius) 526 foetidus (Phallus) 23 foliacea (Bref.) Bres. (Exidia) 736 foliacea (Pers.) Fr. (Tremella) 730 foliacea Bref. (Ulocolla) 736 foliicola Fuck. (Tremella) 732 fomentarius (Linn.) Fr. (Fomes) 592 Fomes Fr. 11, 592 formosa Fr. (Amanita) 100 formosa (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 710 formosa Fr. (Leptonia) 347 fornicatus (Huds.) Fr. (Geaster) 44 fornicatus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 301 fornicatus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 301 Forquignoni Quel. (Polyporus) 579 fragiformis (Pers.) Fr. (Dacryomyces) 740 fragile Fr. (Hydnum) 631 fragilis Seer. (Agaricus) 468 fragilis (Linn.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 498 fragilis (Clavaria) 715 fragilis (Holmsk.) Fr. (Clavaria) 717 fragilis Fr. (Polyporus) 588 fragilis Fr. (Russula) 468 fragilis (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 468 fragrans Vitt. (Boletus) 568 fragrans Sow. (Clitocybe) 287 fragrans (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 289 fragrans (Peck) Rea (Polyporus) 587 fraxineus (Bull.) Fr. (Fomes) 595 fraxinicola B. & Br. (Cyphella) 704 fraxinicola (B. & Br.) Rea (Phaeo- cyphella) 704 Friesii Quel. (Cantharellus) 542 INDEX 771 Friesii Quel. (Coprinus) 514 Friesii (Lasch) Fr. (Lepiota) 67 Friesii Mont. (Porothelium) 703 frondosa Fr. (Tremella) 730 frondosus (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Polyporus) 580 frumentacea (Bull.) Bres. (Inocybe) 205 frumentaceum (Bull.) Berk. (Entoloma) 247 frumentaceum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 219 frustulenta Fr. (Psathyra) 416 frustulosum Sacc. (Coprinus) 506 frustulosum (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 665 fucatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 216 fuciforme (Berk.) Wakef. (Corticium) 675 fuciformis Me Alp. (Hypochnus) 675 fuciformis Berk. (Isaria) 675 fugacissima Bourd. & Galz. (Sebacina) 737 fugax Fr. (Merulius) 624 fugax Fr. (Merulius) 621 fulgens (A. & S.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 142 fulgida Fr. (Pistillaria) 723 fuliginea Pers. (Clavaria) 713 fuliginea (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 707 fuligineo-album Schmidt (Hydnum) 631 fuligineus Fr. (Boletus) 555 fuligineus (Fr.) Bat. (Phaeoporus) 555 fuliginosa (Pers.?) Bres. (Hymeno- chaete) 669 fuliginosa (Pers.) Lev. (Hymenochaete) 669 fuliginosus Fr. (Lactarius) 492 fuliginosus (Scop.) Quel. (Polyporus) 585 fulmineus Fr. (Cortinarius) 143 fulva (Schaeff.) W. G. Sm. (Amanitop- sis) 93 fulva Rea (Astrosporina) 212 fulva Berk. & Rav. (Cyj fulva Pat. (Inocybe) 197 fulvaster Viv. (Psaliota) 87 fulvella (Bres.) Rea (Astrosporina) 213 fulvella Bres. (Inocybe) 213 fulvella Rea (Lepiota) 70 fulvellum Fr. (Tricholoma) 217 fulvescens Fr. (Cortinarius) 189 fulvidus Fr. (Boletus) 554 fulvidus (Fr.) Pat. (Gyroporus) 554 fulvidus (Fr.) Pat. (Gyroporus) 554 fulvobrunneus Fr. (Cortinarius) 153 fulvostrigosa B. & Br. (Nolanea) 403 fulvum (DC.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 217 fulvus Fr. (Fomes) 593 fulvus (Quel.) Rea (Fomes) 594 fumosa (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 717 fumosa Fr. (Clitocybe) 238, 278 fumosa (Pers.) QueL (Collybia) 222, 278, 328 fumosa (Pers.) Quel. (Collybia) 329 fumosum Fr. (Corticium) 658 fumosus Pers. (Agaricus) 278 fumosus Fr. (Hypochnus) 625, 628, 658, 682 fumosus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 587 fumosus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 618 funicularis Fr. (Collybia) 337, 524 funicularis (Fr.) Rea (Marasmius) 337, 524 f uniculus x furcata W. G. Sm. (Pistillaria) 723 furcata (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 463 furfuracea Pers. (Naucoria) 409 furfuracea (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Tubaria) 437 furfuracea (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Tubaria) 439 furfuraceum (Schaeff.) Sacc. (Lycoper- don) 36 fusca Quel. (Russula) 475 fuscatus Fr. (Polystictus) 609 fuscescens (Schaeff.) Fr. (Coprinus) 502 fuscescens (Schaeff.) Quel. (Coprinus) 501 fuscidulus (Schrad.) Fr. (Polyporua) 577 fuscoalbus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 297 fuscoatra (Fr.) Pat. (Acia) 638, 642 fuscoatrum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 642 fuscocarnea (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 601 fuscopallens Fr. (Cortinarius) 177 fuscopurpurea (Lasch) Cke. (Mycena) 376 fuscopurpureus(Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 520 fuscopurpureus (Pers.) Quel. (Maras- mius) 520 fuscoruber Quel. (Boletus) 567 fuscospora Curr. (Cyphella) 704 fuscospora (Curr. ) Rea (Phaeocyphella) 704 fuscotinctus Rea (Cortinarius) 154 fuscoviolaceus Fr. (Irpex) 610 fuscum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 654 fuscum Pers. (Hydnum) 651 fuscum (Schrad.) Quel. (Stereum) 665 fuscus (Pers.) Fr. (Hypochnus) 654 fusiformis (Agaricus) 329 fusiformis (Sow.) Fr. (Clavaria) 714 fusipes (Bull.) Berk. (Collybia) 329 fusipes Pers. (Hydnum) 633 fusus (Batsch) Fr. (Flammula) 317 fusus (Batsch) Fr. (Flammula) 320 gadinoides W. G. Sm. (Pleurotus) 448 492 772 INDEX Gaillardii (Gillet) Rea (Astrosporina) 211 Gaillardii GiUet (Inocybe) 211 galeata (Schum.) Fr. (Cyphella) 704 galeata (Schum.) Bres. (Phaeocyphella) 704 Galera Fr. 8, 406 galericulata (Scop.) Fr. (Mycena) 383 galeropsis Fr. (Mycena) 381, 525 gallinacea (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 277 galochroa Fr. (Russula) 464 galopus (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 395 Galzinii Bourd. (Corticium) 675 gambosum Fr. (Tricholoma) 232 gangraenosa Fr. (Clitocybe) 270 Ganoderma (Karst.) Pat. 11, 597 GASTBROMYCKTAE ix, x GASTEROMYCETALES xi, 1, 2, 21 gausapatum Fr. (Stereum) 663 gausapatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 223 Geaster (Micheli) Fr. 4, 40 Geaster Fr. (Sclerodenna) 50 gelatinosa Massee (Aldridgea) 660 gelatinosa (Tode) Fr. (Hypocrea) 745 gelatinosum (Scop.) Pers. (Tremel- lodon) 736 gemmata (Lev.) Bourd. & Maire (Exidia) 735 gemmata Lev. (Tremella) 735 gemmatum Auct. pi. (Lycoperdon) 34 gentianeum Quel. (Tricholoma) 220, 221 gentilis Fr. (Cortinarius) 174 geophila (Bull.) Quel. (Inocybe) 196 geophylla (Sow.) Fr. (Inocybe) 196 geophylla (Sow.) Fr. (Inocybe) 197 Georgii (Clus.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 232 Georgii (L'Ecluse) Quel. (Tricholoma) 232 Georginae W. G. Sm. (Lepiota) 81 geotropa (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 283 geotropa (Bull.) Quel. (Clitocybe) 280 germanus Fr. (Cortinarius) 191 gibbosa (Pers.) Fr. (Trametes) 614 Gibbsii Massee & Crossland (Coprinus) 514 gigantea (Sow.) Quel. (Clitocybe) 280, 549 gigantea (Fr.) Massee (Peniophora) 683, 693, 697 giganteum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 693 giganteum (Batsch) Pers. (Lycoperdon) 30 giganteus (Sow.) FT. (Paxillus) 280, 549 giganteus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 583 gigaspora Ctftton (Clavaria) 706 gilva Fr. (Clitocybe) 282 gilva Fr. (Clitocybe) 549 gilvescens Bres. (Poria) 600 gilvus (Agaricus) 283 gilvus Schwein. (Polyporus) 586 glabra Gillet (Armillaria) 109 glandicolor Fr. (Cortinarius) 176 glandiformis W. G. Sm. (Naucoria) 353 glandulosa (Bull.) Fr. (Exidia) 735 glandulosus (Bull.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 445 glareosa B. & Br. (Psathyra) 417 glaucescens Crossland (Lactarius) 485, 486 glaucocanum Bres. (Tricholoma) 237 glauconitens Fr. (Hygrophorus) 309 glaucophylla (Lasch) Fr. (Omphalia) 427 glaucopus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 139 Glaucospora Rea 6, 62 glaucus (Batsch) Fr. (Cantharellus) 546, 548 glaucus (Batsch) Quel. (Dictyolus) 546, 548 gleba x glebulosa (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 688 glebulosa Fr. (Thelephora) 688 glioderma (Fr.) Quel. (Armillaria) 81, 107 glioderma Fr. (Lepiota) 81, 107 Glischroderma (Fuck.) Rea 5, 54 Glischrodermataeeae 3, 5, 53 globularis Fr. (Marasmius) 519, 521 gloeocystidia 14 Gloeocystidium Karst. 14, 683 gloiocephala DC. (Volvaria) 95 gloiocephala (DC.) Fr. (Volvaria) 95 glossoides (Pers.) Fr. (Calocera) 744 glossoides (Pers.) Bref. (Dacryomitra) 744 glutinifer Fr. (Hygrophorus) 294 glutinosum (Lindgr.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 254, 315 glutinosus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Gomphidius) 324 glyciosmus Fr. (Lactarius) 491 Godeyi GiUet (Inocybe) 198, 207, 214 Goldbachii Weinm. (Cyphella) 701 Goliath Fr. (Armillaria) 106 Gomphidius Fr. 7, 324 Gordoniensis B. & Br. (Poria) 603 Gordonii (B. & Br.) Big. & Guillem. (Hypholoma) 269, 417 Gordonii B. & Br. (Psathyra) 269, 417 gossypina (Lev.) Quel. (Daedalea) 609, 6l8 gossypina (Bull.) Fr. (Psathyra) 268, gossypinum (Bull.) Quel. (Hypholoma) 268, 418 gossypinus (Lev.) Massee (Polystictus) 609, 618 gracilenta (Krombh.) Fr. (Lepiota) 66 INDEX 773 gracilescens Fr. (Cortinarius) 187 gracilis Cat. de S. et L. (Amanita) 104 gracilis Rea (Clavaria) 706 gracilis Quel. (Cortinarius) 192 gracilis B. & Br. (Gomphidius) 326 gracilis B. & Br. (Gomphidius) 325 gracilis (Quel.) Rea (Lepiota) 70 ' gracilis Quel. (Omphalia) 434 gracilis B. & Br. (Psathyra) 414 gracilis Fr. (Psathyrella) 419 gracilis Berk. & Desm. (Typhula) 722 gracillima (Weinm.) Fr. (Omphalia) 434 gracillima White (Typhula) 722 grallipes Fr. (Cortinarius) 150 graminicola (Nees) Fr. (Nauooria) 360 graminicolor (Seer.) Quel. (Russula) 472 graminum (Lib.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 531 graminum (Lib.) Berk. (Marasmius) 526, 531 grammocephala (Bull.) Quel. (Collybia) 328 grammopodium (Bull.) Fr. (Tricho- loma) 239 Grandinia (Fr.) Pat. 13, 643 grandis Rea (Pholiota) 118 grandiusculus Cke. & Massee (Bol- bitius) 497 Grangei Eyre (Schulzeria) 56 granulatus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 560 granulosa Fr. (Grandinia) 644 granulosa (Pers.) Bourd. & Maire (Grandinia) 644 granulosa (Batsch) Fr. (Lepiota) 75 granulosa (Cke.) Rea (Russula) 466 granulosus (Peck) Burt (Hypochnus) 655 graveolens (Delast.) Fr. (Hydnum) 633 Grevillei Fr. (Typhula) 721 grisea Massee (Amanita) 98 grisea (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713 grisea Fr. (Omphalia) 433 grisea Fr. (Omphalia) 387 grisea (Pers.) Bres. (Russula) 471 griseocyaneum Fr. (Entoloma) 248 griseola (Pers.) Quel. (Omphalia) 431 griseopallida Weinm. (Cyphella) 698 grise&pattida (Weinm.) Berk. (Cyphella) 701 griseopallida (Desm.) Fr. (Omphalia) griseorimosum (Batach) Cke. (Tricho- loma) 227 griseorubella (Lasch) Fr. (Eccilia) 436 griseus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 27 grossa (Pers.) Quel. (Clavaria) 707 Guepinia Fr. 18, 733 Guillemotii Boud. (Merulius) 622 gummosa (Lasch) Fr. (Flammula) 316 gummosa (Lasch) Fr. (Flammula) 131 guttata (Pers.) Quel. (Lepiota) 80 guttatum Schaeff. (Tricholoma) 221 guttatum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 220 Gymnopilus (Karst.) Maire 313 gymnopodia (Bull) Fr. (Flammula) 313 gymnopodius Bull. (Agaricus) 110 gypsea Fr. (Mycena) 381 gyrans (Batsch) Fr. (Typhula) 721 Gyrocephalus Pers. 733 Gyrodon Opatowski 10, 556 gyroflexa Fr. (Psathyra) 414 Gyroporus (Quel.) Pat. 9, 553 haemacta Berk. & Cke. (Inocybe) 202 haematites B. & Br. (Armillaria) 108 haematochdis (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 172 haematodes Rostk. (Polyporus) 601 haematopus (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 394 haematospenna (Bull) Boud. (Lepiota) 77, 91, 206 haematosperma (Bull.) Fr. (Psaliota) 91 haemorrhoidaria Kalchbr. (Psaliota) 89 hamadryas Fr. (Naucoria) 349 hapala Fr. (Galera) 406 hariolorum (DC.) Fr. (Collybia) 333, 522 hariolorum (DC.) Quel. (Marasmius) 333, 334, 522 Hartigii (Allesch.) Sacc. & Trav. (Fomes) 593 Hartigii Allesch. (Polyporus) 593 haustellaris Fr. (Crepidotus) 455 Hebeloma Fr. 7, 252 hebes Fr. (Psilocybe) 368 Helicobasidium Pat. 17, 726, 728 helobia Kalchbr. (Psathyra) 418 helodes Fr. (Entoloma) 245 helomorpha Fr. (Flammula) 323 hdomorphus (Fr.) Quel. (Paxillus) 323 hdvelloides (Bull.) Quel. (Cantharellus) 545 helvelloides Fr. (Cortinarius) 174 helvelloides (DC.) Fr. (Guepinia) 733 helveola Bres. (Lepiota) 70 helvetica (Pers.) Fr. (Grandinia) 643 helvola (Schaeff.) Massee (Psilocybe) 362 helvolus Fr. (Cortinarius) 173 helvus Fr. (Lactarius) 490 hemerobius Fr. (Coprinus) 517 hemitrichus Fr. (Cortinarius) 179 Henderaonii Berk. (Coprinus) 510 Henriettae W. G. Sm. (CoUybia) 327 hepatica (Huds.) Fr. (Fistulina) 629 774 INDEX hepatica (Batsch) FT. (Omphalia) 428 Jtepatica (Batsch) Qu61. (Omphalia) 425 hepaticus (Plowr.) Boud. (Lactarius) 489 Herbergii (Rostk.) B. & Br. (Poly- porus) 582 Herefordiensis Renny (Pholiota) 112 herpeticus FT. (Cortinarius) 145 HETEROBASIDIAE xi, 1, 16, 725 Heterochaetella Bourd. 18, 738 heteroclita Fr. (Pholiota) 117 heteroclita Fr. (Pholiota) 116 heteroclitus Bolt. (Boletus) 583 heteroclitus Sow (Boletus) 610 heteroclitus (Bolt.) Fr. (Polyporus) 583 heteromorpha Fr. (Lenzites) 63 heterophylla Fr. (Russula) 464 heterosticha Fr. (Tubaria) 438 hiascens (Fr.) Quel. (Coprinus) 420, 517 hiascens Fr. (Psathyrella) 420, 517 HIatula Fr. 6, 81 hibernica B. & Br. (Poria) 603 hiemale Bres. (Hebeloma) 257 hiemalis (Osbeck) Fr. (Mycena) 400 himantioides Fr. (Merulius) 623 hinnuleus (Sow.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 174 hircinus (Bolt.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 157 Hirneola Fr. 727 hirneola Fr. (Clitocybe) 271 hirsuta (Lasch) Fr. (Inocybe) 206 hirsutum (WiUd.) Fr. (Stereum) 664 hirsutus (Wulf.) Fr. (Polystictus) 608 hirtus (Seer.) Quel. (Panus) 535 hispida Lasch (Lepiota) 69 hiepida (Lasch) Fr. (Lepiota) 67 hispida (Bagl.) Quel. (Trametes) 614 hispidulus Fr. (Pluteus) 59 hispidus (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 584 hiulca (Fr.) Rea (Astrosporina) 214 hiulca (Fr.) Bres. (Inocybe) 214 hiulca (Fr.) Kalchbr. (Inocybe) 198, 207 Hobsonii Berk. (Pleurotus) 451 Hollii (Schmidt) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 645 Hollii (Schmidt) Rea (Odontia) 638, 645 Holmiensis Fr. (Polyporus) 618 holophaeum Fr. (Hebeloma) 256 holopus Rostk. (Boletus) 573 holosericea Fr. (Lepiota) 73 HOMOBAS1DIAE xi, 1, 2, 21 hordum Fr. (Tricholoma) 228 horizontalis (Bull.) Quel. (Galera) 351 horizontalis (Bull.) Fr. (Naucoria) 351 horribile Rea (Tricholoma) 225 hortensis (Cke.) W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 84 Houghtoni Berk. (Hygrophorus) 304 Houghtonii Phill. (Cantharellus) 545 Hoylei Berk. (Lycoperdon) 33 Hudsonii (Pers.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 532 Hudsonii (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 532 humile Pers. (Tricholoma) 241 humile (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 241 humosum Fr. (Tricholoma) 279 humosus Fr. (Agaricus) 279 hyalinus Pers. (Dacryomyces) 731, 735, 741 hyalinus (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (Dacryomyces) 741 hybrida Fr. (Flammula) 321 hybrida (B. & Br.) Massee (Poria) 599 hybridus Sow. (Boletus) 599 Hydnaceae 10, 12, 629 Hydnangium Wallr. 4, 28 hydnoidea (Fr.) von Hoehn. (Eutypa) hydnoidea (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (Peniophora) 641, 695 hydnoides Cke. & Massee (Peniophora) 693, 697 Hydnopsis (Schroet.) Rea 13, 650 Hydnum (Linn.) Fr. 12, 13, 630, 639, 641, 643, 645, 651 Hydrocybe Fr. 181 hydrogramma (Bull.) Fr. (Omphalia) 423 hydrophila Massee (Naucoria) 355 hydrophilum Bull. (Hypholoma) 268 hydrophilum (Bull.) Fr. (Hypholoma) 268, 497 hydrophilus (Bull.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 268, 497 hydrophora (Bull.) Fr. (PsathyreUa) 420, 509 hydrophorus (Bull.) Quel. (Coprinus) 420, 509 hyemale (Pers.) Vitt. (Lycoperdon) 32 hygrometricum Pers. (Geastrum) 51 hygrometricus (Pers.) Morgan (As- traeus) 42, 51 hygrometricus Pers. (Geaster) 42, 51 hygrophila Fr. (Psilocybe) 368 Hygrophorus Fr. 7, 291 hymenium ix, x Hymenochaete Lev. 14, 667 hymenocystis B. & Br. (Poria) 604 Hymenogaster (Vitt.) Tul. 4, 25 Hymenogastraceae 2, 4, 25 HYMENOGASTRINEAE 2, 24 HYMENOMYCETAE ix Hypholoma Fr. 7, 260 hypnophilus (Berk.) Quel. (Calathinus) 452 hypnophilus Berk. (Pleurotus) 452 hypnorum Brond. (CanthareUus) 542 INDEX 775 hypnorum (Brond.) Rea (Clitocybe) 274, 542 hypnorum (Schrank) Fr. (Galera) 410 Hypochnella Schroet. 13, 15, 659 Hypochnus (Fr.) Karst. 13, 15, 654 hypogaeus Fuck. (Irpex) 611 hypopitys Fr. (Volvaria) 94 hypo the jus FT. (Hygrophorus) 296 hypoxanthum Phill. & Plowr. (Hypho- loma) 264 hypsipus Fr. (Stropharia) 132 hysginus Fr. (Lactarius) 482 Hysterangiaceae 2, 4, 24 Hysterangium Vitt. 4, 24 hystrix Fr. (Inocybe) 200 ianthina Cke. (Lepiota) 79 ianthipes (Seer.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 191 ichoratus (Batsch) Fr. (Lactarius) 494 icterina Fr. (Nolanea) 404 igniarius (Linn.) Fr. (Femes) 593 igniarius Linn. (Polyporus) 593 iliopodius Fr. (Cortinarius) 179 illibatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 152 illinita Fr. (Lepiota) 80 illuminus Fr. (Cortinarius) 183 imberbis (Bull.) Quel. (Polyporus) 583 imbricatum (Linn.) Fr. (Hydnum) 631 imbricatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 222 imbricatus (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 582 imbutus Fr. (Cortinarius) 185 imbutus Fr. (Cortinarius) 186 immaculata Cke. (Collybia) 330 immundum Berk. (Tricholoma) 222, 328 impennis Fr. (Cortinarius) 170 imperialis Schulz. (Phallus) 24 impolitus Fr. (Boletus) 568 impudicus FT. (Marasmius) 524 impudicus (Linn.) Pers. (Phallus) 23 inaequalis (Muller) Fr. (Clavaria) 714, 715 inaequalis (Muller) Quel. (Clavaria) 715 inamoenum Fr. (Tricholoma) 230 inaurata (Seer.) Boud. (Amanitopsis) 93 inaurata W. G. Sm. (Flammula) 319 incana Quel. (Clitocybe) 288 incana FT. (Leptonia) 346 incana Fr. (Leptonia) 347 incanus Quel. (Polyporus) 595 incarnata Weinm. (Clavaria) 720 incarnata Bres. (Inocybe) 201 incarnata (Pers.) Cke. (Peniophora) 641, 683, 694 incamata (A. & S.) Fr. (Poria) 605 incarnata Quel. (Russula) 460 incarnata Quel. (Russula) 460 incarnata Juel (Tulasnella) 739 incarnata (Lasch) Fr. (Typhula) 721 incarnatum (Pers.) FT. (Corticium)683, 694 incarnatus Fr. (Polyporus) 605 incilis Fr. (Clitocybe) 281 incisus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 179 inclinata Fr. (Mycena) 384 inclinata Fr. (Mycena) 384 incomptum Massee (Hypholoma) 264 incrustans Massee (Coniophora) 627 incrustans (Pers.) Tul. (Sebacina) 737 indecorata Sommerf. (Tremella) 731 infida (Peck) Rea (Astrosporina) 209, 214 infidus Peck (Agaricus) 209 infractus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 138 infucatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 166 infula FT. (Nolanea) 405 infumata B. & Br. (Omphalia) 430 infundibuliformis (Scop.) Fr. (Can- tharellus) 544 infundibuliformis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clito- cybe) 281 infundibuliformis Rostk. (Polyporus) 580 infundibulis Pers. (Boletus) 577 infundibulum (Swartz) Fr. (Hydnum) 633 in0roto(Schum.)Fr. (Collybia) 334, 522 ingratus (Schum.) Quel. (Marasmius) 334, 522 ingratus (Weinm.) Quel. (Marasmius) 523 injucundus (Weinm.) FT. (Cortinarius) 176 innocua (Lasch) Fr. (Naucoria) 352 Inocybe Fr. 7, 194 inodermeum Fr. (Tricholoma) 222 inodora Fr. (Trametes) 615 inodorus Pat. (Marasmius) 526 inodorus (Phallus) 23 inolens Fr. (CoUybia) 340 Inoloma Fr. 153 inopus Fr. (Flammula) 320 inornata (Sow.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 270 inornatus (Sow.) Quel. (Paxillus) 270 inquilina (Fr.) Quel. (Naucoria) 440 inquilina (Fr.) W. G. Sm. (Tubaria) 440 insigne Massee (Tricholoma) 230 insignis Fr. (Cortinarius) 191 insignis FT. (Marasmius) 527 insititius (Fr.) Rea (Androsaceus) 532 insititius Fr. (Marasmius) 532 instratum Britz. (Hypholoma) 263 insulsus Fr. (Lactarius) 481 insulsus Fr. (Lactarius) 481 integra Linn. (Russula) 470 Integra (Linn.) Bataille (Russula) 470 integreUa (Pers.) FT. (Omphalia) 434 776 INDEX intensior Cke. (Russula) 473 intermedia W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 85 intermedia Cke. (Russula) 465 intermedius Pass. (Hygrophorus) 307 intermedius (Krombh.) B. & Br. (Lactarius) 479 intermedius Tul. (Melanogaster) 48 interveniens Karst. (Tricholoma) 230 intumescens (Sm.) Rea (Exidia) 734 intumescens Sm. (Tremella) 734 intybacea (Pers.) Pat. (Phylacteria) 653 intybacea (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 653 intybaceus Fr. (Polyporus) 580 inuncta Fr. (Stropharia) 126 Invalii Cotton & Wakef. (Clavaria) 712 inversa (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 283 involutus Soppitt (Lactarius) 487 involutus (Batsch) Fr. (Paxillus) 551 involutus (Batsch) Fr. (Paxillus) 282 ionides (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 231 iosmus (Berk.) Cke. (Phallus) 24 irinum Fr. (Tricholoma) 236 irinum (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 233 Iris Massee (Cortinarius) 181 Iris Berk. (Mycena) 391 Iris Berk. (Mycena) 391 Irpex Fr. 11, 610 irregulare Karst. (Tricholoma) 218 irregularis Fr. (Cortinarius) 188 irrigatus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 303 irrorata Quel. (Lepiota) 80 irroratum Karst. (Hypholoma) 263 isabellinum Fr. (Corticium) 655 isabellinus (Batsch) Fr. (Cortinarius) 186 isabellinus Fr. (Hypochnus) 655 ischnostylum Cke. (Hebeloma) 259 isoporum Pers. (Xylomyzon) 621 italica Sacc. (Caldesiella) 651 Jaapia Bres. 13, 15, 659 japonicum Shirai (Exobasidium) 725 Jasonis Cke. & Massee (Armillaria) 108 Jerdonii B. & Br. (Stropharia) 131 Johnstonii Berk. (Irpex) 611 jonquilla (Paul.) Quel. (Crepidotus) 454 jubarinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 188 jubatum Fr. (Entoloma) 247 juglandis Fr. (Pleurotus) 447 juncea (A. & S.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718 juncea Fr. (Nolanea) 403 juncicola Fr. (Mycena) 401 juncina W. G. Sm. (Flammula) 316 Junghuhnii Fr. (Cortinarius) 193 Junonia Fr. (Pholiota) 116 junquillea Quel. (Amanita) 93, 99 junquillinum Quel. (Radulum) 640 Kalchbrenneri Fr. (Polyporus) 574 Karstehii Sacc. & Cub. (Hygrophorus) Keithii B. & Br. (Polyporus) 589 Keithii B. & Br. (Porothelium) 703 Keithii Phill. & Plowr. (Tricholoma) 228 Kewensis Massee (Clavaria) 709 Kewensis Massee (Omphalia) 432 Klotzschii Tul. (Hymenogaster) 25 Kmetii Bres. (EichlerieUa) 739 Kneiffla Fr. 13, 650 Krombholzii Fr. (Clavaria) 707 Krombholzii Fr. (Clavaria) 707 Krombholzii Fr. (Cortinarius) 189 Kunzei Fr. (Clavaria) 707 Kunzei Fr. (Clavaria) 707, 708 Laccaria B. & Br. 7, 290 laccata (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 290 laccata (Scop.) Quel. (Collybia) 290 laccata (Scop.) B. & Br. (Laccaria) 290 laccatum (Kalchbr.) Rea (Ganoderma) 597 lacera (Pers.) Fr. (Cyphella) 699 lacera Fr. (Inocybe) 200 lacerata (Lasch) Berk. (Collybia) 341 lacerum Fr. (Porothelium) 703 laciniata (Bull.) Bres. (Sebacina) 731 laciniata (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 653 lacmus (Hygrophorus) 302 lacmus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 302 lacrimabunda( Bull.) Quel. (Stropharia) 132, 265 lacrymabundum Fr.( Hypholoma) 130, 264 lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr. (Merulius) 622 lacrymans (Wulf.) Fr. (Merulius) 622 lacrymans (Wulf.) Quel. (Merulius) 623 Lactarius Fr. 8, 478 lactea (Quel.) Rea (Clitocybe) 273 lactea Quel. (Collybia) 332 lactea Bres. (Cyphella) 701 lactea Pers. (Mycena) 381 lactea (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 339, 381 lactea Pers. (Russula) 460 lactea (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 459 lactescens Berk. (Corticium) 685 lacteum Fr. (Corticium) 675 lacteus (Lev.) Quel. (Gyroporus) 553 lacteus Fr. (Irpex) 611 lacteus Fr. (Polyporus) 588 lactifluus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Lactarius) 493 lacunosum B. & Br. (Corticium) 683, 690 lacunosum (Bull.) Rea (Lycoperdon) 34 Laestadii Fr. & Berk. (Poria) 600 laeticolor B. & Br. (Merulius) 621 laeticolor B. & Br. (Merulius) 624 INDEX 777 laetum Fr. (Radulum) 641, 695 laetus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 304 laeve (Pers.) Quel. (Corticium) 673, 682 laevigata (Fr.) Massee (Peniophora) 683, 696 laevigata Fr. (Poria) 606 laevigatum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 696 laevigatum (Swartz) Fr. (Hydnum) 632 laevigatum (Fuck.) W. G. Sm. (Scleroderma) 49 laevipes Masaee (Boletus) 566 laevipes Maire (Leptonia) 345 laevis Krombh. (Agaricus) 82 laevis (Krombh.) Fr. (Annularia) 82 laevis (Fr.) Burt (Peniophora) 692 lageniformis Vitt. (Geaster) 43 lagopides Karst. (Coprinus) 511 lagopinus von Post (Marasmius) 527 lagopus Fr. (Coprinus) 510 lamellirugis (DC.) Quel. (Paxillus) 553 laminosa Fr. (Sparassis) 661 lampropus Fr. (Leptonia) 344 lanaripes Cke. (Hypholoma) 266 lanatum B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 267 lancipes Fr. (CoUybia) 329 languidus (Lasch)Fr. (Marasmius) 526 laniger Fr. (Cortinarius) 168 lanuginella Schroet. (Astrosporina) 209 lanuginosa (Bull.) Schroet. (Astro- sporina) 210 lanuginosa (Bull.) Bres. (Inocybe) 210 lanuginosa Fr. (Inocybe) 207, 212 lappula Fr. (Leptonia) 343 largus Fr. (Cortinarius) 136 laricina (Bolt.) Fr. (Armillaria) 109 laricinus Berk. (Boletus) 559 lascivum Fr. (Tricholoma) 229 lateritia Fr. (Galera) 407 lateritia (Weinm.) (Inocybe) 197 lateritioroseus Karst. (Lactarius) 480 latissima Fr. (Daedalea) 619 latissima Cke. (Naucoria) 358 latissima (Fr.) Quel. (Trametes) 619 latitabundus Britz. (Hygrophorus) 295, 301 latus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 137 Laurocerasi B. & Br. (Pleurotus) 448 lavandulaceus Pears. (Hypochnus) 658 laxa (Fr.) Quel. (Coniophora) 626 laxipes (Bull.) Fr. ( Colly bia) 333 laxipes (Bull.) Quel. (Marasmius) 333 laxum Fr. (Corticium) 626 lazulina Fr. (Leptonia) 346 Leightonii Berk. (Pleurotus) 450 leiocephalum B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 265 lenta (Pers.) Fr. (Flammula) 254, 315 lenticularis (Lasch) Fr. (Amanita) 80, 105 lenticularis (Lasch) Cke. (Lepiota) 80, 105 Lentinus Fr. 9, 537 lentus Berk. (Polyporus) 576 Lenzites Fr. 12, 612 leochroma Cke. (Pholiota) 115 leonina Berk. & Curt. (Hymenochaete) 669 leoninus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pluteus) 61 leontopodius Schulz. (Lentinus) 538 lepida Fr. (Russula) 460 lepida Fr. (Russula) 460 lepideus Fr. (Lentinus) 537 lepidopus Cke. (Cortinarius) 162 lepidus Boud. (Hygrophorus) 306 Lepiota (Pers.) Fr. 6, 64 lepiotoides R. Maire (Psaliota) 85 lepista Fr. (Paxillus) 549 leporinus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 298 leprosa Bourd. & Galz. (Peniophora) 691 leptocephala (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 387 leptocephalus (Jacq.) Fr. (Polyporus) 577 Leptonia Fr. 7, 343 leptopus Fr. (Paxillus) 552 leucocephala (Boud.) Rea (Astro- sporina) 214 leucocephala Boud. (Inocybe) 214 leucocephalum Fr. (Tricholoma) 235 leucodon (A. & S.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 292 leucogala Cke. (Mycena) 395 leucomelas (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 578 leucomyosotis Cke. & Smith (CoUybia) 333 leucophaeus Nouel (Cantharellus) 545 leucophanes B. & Br. (Panaeolus) 370 leucophylla Fr. (Omphalia) 425 leucopus (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 190 leucopus (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 189 leucopus Cke. (Russula) 476 leucotephrum B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 267 leucothites (Vitt.) Fr. (Lepiota) 73 licinipes Fr. (Cortinarius) 169 licmophora Auct. (Lepiota) 74 lignatile Fr. (Apyrenium) 745 lignatilis (Pers.) Qu61. (Clitocybe) 444 lignatilis Fr. (Pleurotus) 444 lignyotus Fr. (Lactarius) 492 ligula (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clavaria) 718 lilacea Quel. (Russula) 462 lilacea Quel. (Russula) 477 lilaceum Quel. (Tricholoma) 238 lilacina (Fr.) Quel. (Clavaria) 706 lilacina Fr. (Inocybe) 197 lilacina Quel. (Lepiota) 78 778 INDEX lilacinum Quel. (Corticium) 726 lilacinus Berk. (Hymenogaster) 27 lilacinus (Lasch) Fr. (Lactarius) 493 liniacinus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 295 limbatus Fr. (Geaster) 41 limitata (Fr.) Cke. (Peniophora) 683, 696 limitatum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 696 limonicolor B. & Br. (Hydnum) 638, 647 limonicolor (B. & Br.) Quel. (Odontia) 638, 647 limonius Fr. (Cortinarius) 173 limpidus Fr. (Pleurotus) 448 lineata (Bull.) Fr. (Mycena) 379 Linnaei Fr. (Russula) 461 liquescens Cke. (Entoloma) 246 liquiritiae (Pers.) Fr. (Flammula) 322 lirettosa Pers. (Daedalea) 625 lirellosa (Pers.) B. & Br. (Phlebia)625 litua FT. (Omphalia) 286 livescens (Batsch) Qu61. (Russula) 465 Kvida (Pers.) Schroet. (Russula) 464 lividoalbus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 298 livido-ochraceus Berk. (Cortinarius) 150 lividum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 645, 680 lividum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 243 lividum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 243, 247 lividus Bull. (Boletus) 564 lividus Lamb. (Lactarius) 482 lividus Cke. (Paxillus) 550 lixivium Fr. (Tricholoma) 242 lobata (Auricularia) 727 lobata (Sommerf.) Quel. (Auricularia) 727 lobata (Sow.) Cke. (Clitocybe) 284 lobatus (Pers.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 546, 547 lobatus (Pers.) Quel. (Dictyolus) 546, 547 Locellina Gill. 6, 96 longicaudum Fr. (Hebeloma) 258 longicaudum ( Pers. ) Fr. ( Hebeloma)258 longipes (Bull.) Berk. (Collybia) 327 longipes (Bull.) Quel. (Marasmius) 327 longispora (Pat.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Peniophora) 690 longisporus Pat. (Hypochnus) 690 loricatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 226, 278 Loscosii Rabenh. (Psathyra) 413 Loveiana Berk. (Volvaria) 94 Loveiana Berk. (Volvaria) 94 lubrica (Pers.) Fr. (Flammula) 315 lucidum (Leyss.) Karst. (Ganoderma) 597 lucidus (Polyporus) 597 lucifera (Lasch) Fr. (Pholiota) 119 lucifuga Fr. (Inocybe) 199 lucorum Fr. (Cortinarius) 171 India Fr. (Collybia) 339, 381 Luffii Massee (Omphalia) 426 lugens (Jungh.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 258 lugubris Fr. (Naucoria) 348 Lundensis Fr. (Stropharia) 126 lupina Fr. (Flammula) 315 luridum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 220 luridus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Boletus) 571 luridus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 485 luscina Fr. (Clitocybe) 271 lustratus Fr. (Cortinarius) 135 lutea Otth. (Amanita) 99 lutea (Bolt.) Quel. (Lepiota) 74 lutea (Huds.) Fr. (Russula) 473, 478 luteifolia Gillet (Collybia) 338 luteoalba Rea (Clavaria) 715 luteoalba Fr. (Femsjonia) 743 luteoalba Fr. (Femsjonia) 742 luteoalba (Bolt.) Fr. (Mycena) 380 luteocarneum (Seer.) Quel. (Dryodon) 636 luteocitrinum Sacc. (Stereum) 664 luteocitrinum Rea (Tricholoma) 235 luteolus Lamb. (Crepidotus) 457 luteolus Fr. (Rhizopogon) 29 luteonitens (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Stropharia) 128 luteonitens (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Stropharia) 128 luteotacta Rea (Russula) 469 lutescens (Bull.) FT. (Cantharellus) 544 lutescens (Pers.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 544, 546 lutescens Rea (Cortinarius) 142 lutescens (Pers.) Fr. (Craterellus) 544, 546 lutescens Fr. (Leptonia) 347 lutescens Fr. (Pluteus) 60 lutescens Boud. (Stropharia) 127 lutescens Pers. (Tremella) 730 lutescens Pers. (Tremella) 743 luteus (Boletus) 558 luteus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 558 luteus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 26 luxurians (Batt.) Fr. (Pholiota) 116 Lycii (Pers.) Cke. (Corticium) 683, 695 Lycoperdaceae 2, 4, 30 LYCOPEKDINEAE, 2, 29 lycoperdineus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 26 lycoperdoides Cke. & Massee (Schulz- eria) 55 Lycoperdon (Tournef.) Pers. 4, 30 Lysurus Fr. 3, 22 macilenta Fr. (Collybia) 338 macrocephalum Scnulz. (Tricholoma) 225 INDEX 779 macrocephalus Berk. (Coprinus) 511 macropus Fr. (Cortinarius) 168 macrorhizum (Lasch) Fr. (Tricholoma) macrorhizus Pers. (Coprinus) 503 macrorhizus (Pers.) Rea (Coprinus) 503, 504 macrospora Britzl. (Clavaria) 707 macrosporus B. & Br. (Dacryomyces) 740 maculaeforme Fr. (Corticium) 683, 695 maculaeformis (Fr.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Peniophora) 683, 695 maculata (A. & S.) Fr. (Collybia) 330 maculata Quel. (Russula) 474 maculatus (Scop.) Fr. (Gomphidius) 325 madidum Fr. (Entoloma) 246 madidum (Fr.) Quel. (Entoloma) 245 magnified (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Amanita) 105 magnifica(Fl. Dan.)Rea (Amanita) 104 magnimamma Fr. (Hebeloma) 260 majale Fr. (Entoloma) 251 major (Massee) Rea ( Astrosporina) 212 major Fr. (Clitocybe) 221, 271 major Fr. (Cortinarius) 148, 155 major Massee (Inocybe) 212 major Massee (Pluteus) 60 major Fr. (Stropharia) 129 majus Cke. (Tricholoma) 237 malachius Fr. (Cortinarius) 156 malicorius Fr. (Cortinarius) 166 mamillaris Pass. (Inocybe) 207 mammosa Fr. (Nolanea) 401 mammosa (Linn.) Fr. (Nolanea) 403 mammosum (Mich.) Fr. (Tulostoma) 52 mammosus Chev. (Geaster) 42 mammosus Fr. (Lactarius) 491 mappa (Batsch) Fr. (Amanita) 99 Marasmius FT. 8, 518, 530 margaritispora (Berk.) Rea (Astro- sporina) 214 margaritispora Berk. (Inocybe) 214 marginalis Boud. (Boletus) 563 marginata Lange (Mycena) 394 marginata (Batsch) Fr. (Pholiota) 123 marginatus Quel. (Pluteus) 62 marginella Fr. (Mycena) 373 maritima (Fr.) Rea (Astrosporina) 212 maritima Fr. (Inocybe) 212 martialis Cke. & Massee (Lepiota) 79 mastigera B. & Br. (Psathyra) 413 mastoidea Fr. (Lepiota) 66 mastrucatus (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 450 mastrucatus Fr. (Pleurotus) 450 maura Fr. (Omphalia) 423 maxima Barla (Armillaria) 109 maxima (Fl. Wett.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 280 maxima Massee (Solenia) 702 media (Schum.) Fr. (Volvaria) 96 medioflava Boud. (Lepiota) 74 medium (Paul.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 240, 242 medulla-panis (Jacq.) (Polyporus) 599 medulla-panis (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 599 medullata Fr. (Lepiota) 79 megalodactylus B. & Br. (Amanita) 80, 105 megalodactylus B. & Br. (Lepiota) 80, 105 meisneriensis Fr. (Hygrophorus) 299 melaleucum Fr. (Hydnum) 633 melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 239, 241 melaleucum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 238, 239, 240, 241 melanodon (Seer.) Fr. (Pluteus) 60 Melanogaster Cda. 5, 48 Melanoleuca Pat. 239 melanopus (Swartz) FT. (Polyporus) 576 melantinum Fr. (Hypholoma) 265 melasperma (Bull.) Quel. (Stropharia) 127 melasperma Fr. (Stropharia) 127 meleagris (Sow.) Fr. (Lepiota) 68 melinoides Fr. (Naucoria) 352 melizeus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 292 mellea (Vahl.) Fr. (ArmiUaria) 108 mellea (Vahl.) Fr. (Armillaria) 313 mellea (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 638, 649 melleopallens Fr. (Cortinarius) 177 metteum B. & Br. (Hydnum) 638, 649 membranacea (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Acia) 638, 643 membranacea (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Clito- cybe) 281 membranacea (DC.) Massee (Coirio- phora) 627 membranacea A. & S. (Peziza) 699 membranaceum Bull. (Hydnum) 638 membranaceum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 643 membranaceum (Bull.) Bres. (Radulum) 640 mephitica Fr. (Collybia) 340 merdaria Fr. (Stropharia) 129 merdaria (Fr.) Rick. (Psilocybe) 129 merismoides FT. (Phlebia) 624 merismoides FT. (Phlebia) 612 Meruliaceae 10, 12, 620 merulina (Pers.) Rea (Ditiola) 743 merulina (Pers.) Quel. (Guepinia) 743 Merulius FT. 12, 620 mesenterica (Dicks.) Fr. (Auricularia) 727 mesenterica (Retz.) FT. (Tremella) 730 mesomorpha (Bull.) Fr. (Lepiota) 78 mesophaeum Fr. (Hebeloma) 256 780 INDEX mesotephrus B. & Br. (Hygrophorua) 297 metachroa (Fr.) Berk. (Clitocybe) 287 metapodius Pr. (Hygrophorus) 301 metata Fr. (Mycena) 388 metata Fr. (Mycena) 387 metulaespora B. & Br. (Lepiota) 69, 70 micaceus (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 506 micaceus B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 306 micana (Pers.) Fr. (Pistillaria) 722 micans (Ehrenb.) Fr. (Poria) 605 Michelianus W. G. Sm. (Geaster) 43 Michelii Rea (Clavaria) 716 Michelii FT. (Polyporus) 579 microcyclus Fr. (Cortinarius) 170 micropholis B. & Br. (Lepiota) 71 microrhiza (Lasch) Fr. (Psathyra) 419 microsporum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz. (Corticium) 676 militate (Lasch) Fr. (Tricholoma) 236 miltinus Quel. (Cortinarius) 163 milvinus FT. (Cortinarius) 193 mimica W. G. Sm. (Collybia) 333 mimica Massee (Inocybe) 205, 207 miniatus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 305 miniatus (Scop.) Schroet. (Hygro- phorus) 304 minima B. & Br. (Cladoderris) 671 minimus W. G. Sm. (Lactarius) 496 minor Barla (Annillaria) 109 minor Fr. (Armillaria) 106 minor Cke. (Clitocybe) 277 minor Berk. (Geaster) 40 minor Pers. (Geaster) 44 minor Boud. (Lactarius) 491 minor Falck (Merulius) 622 minor Fr. (Omphalia) 432 minor (Batt.) Fr. (Pholiota) 114 minor (Vaill.) Fr. (Psathyra) 415 minus Cke. (Hebeloma) 256, 257 minuta (Clavaria) 723 minuta Quel. (Galera) 411 minuta Karat. (Nolanea) 406 mirabilis Cke. & Quel. (Mycena) 373 mirabilis Fr. (Queletia) 52 mitis Berk. (Pleurotus) 447 mitis Rea (Russula) 463 mitissimua Fr. (Lactariua) 494 mixta Fr. (Flammula) 315 mniophila (Laach) Fr. (Galera) 411 modeatus B. & Br. (Hymenogaster) 27 molare Fr. (Radulum) 638, 640 molar e Fr. (Radulum) 679 molariforme Pers. (Sistotrema) 640 molle Fr. (Corticium) 682 molle Fr. (Hydnum) 631 molle Pers. (Lycoperdon) 35 Molleriana (Brea.) Sacc. (Peniophora) 683, 693 mollis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Crepidotua) 454 mollis B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 305 mollis Fr. (Hypochnua) 657 mollis (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 588 mollia (Sommerf.) Fr. (Trametes) 616 mollis (Sommerf.) Fr. (Trametes) 609 molliscorum Cke. & Massee (Pholiota) 113 molliasima (Pers.) Rea (Phylacteria) 653 mollissima (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 653 mollusca (Fr.) Rea (Odontia) 649 mollusca (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 599 mottuscum Fr. (Hydnum) 649 mottuttcus FT. (Merulius) 624 molybdina (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 277 molybdinum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 219 molyoidea Fr. (Marasmius) 528 monatroaa (Sow.)GiUet (Clitocybe) 280 monstrosus Cke. (Lactarius) 491 Montagnei Fr. (Polyporus) 575 Montagnei Fr. (Polystictus) 575 moriformis Berk. (Tremella) 732 moschatum (Tuber) 48 Mougeotii Fr. (Corticium) 669 Mougeotii (Fr.) Cke. (Hymenochaete) 669 mucida (Schrad.) Fr. (Armillaria) 110 mucida Fr. (Grandinia) 644 mucida Fr. (Grandinia) 647 mucida (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 599 mucidum Fr. (Hydnum) 640 mucidum (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (Radulum) 640 mucifluus Fr. (Cortinarius) 150 mucifluus Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 mucoaua (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 mucosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 149 Mucronella Fr. 12, 629 mucronellus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 306 Mulgravensis Maaaee & Crosal. (Pluteo- lus) 63 Mulleri Fr. (Pholiota) 118 multicolor Bres. (Mycena) 377 multifida Fr. (Pterula) 724 multifidum Massee (Schizophyllum) 452 multiforme'B. &Br. (Hydnum) 638, 648 multiforme (Schaeff.) Cke. (Tricho- loma) 233 multiformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 138 multiformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 139 multiformis (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 638, 648 multiplex Fr. (Hydnum) 637 multizonata B. & Br. (Thelephora) 662 multizonatum (B. & Br.) Massee (Stereum) 662 mundulus (Lasch) Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 muralis (Sow.) Fr. (Omphalia) 428 muricata Fr. (Pholiota) 120 INDEX 781 muricinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 155 murina (Batsch) Fr. (Collybia) 341 murinaceum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 224 muscaria (Linn.) Fr. (Amanita) 100 muscicola Pers. (Clavaria) 728 muscicola Fr. (Cyphella) 704 muscicola (Pers.) Fitzpat. (Eocron- artium) 721, 728 muscicola (Fr.) Rea (Phaeocyphella) 704 muscicola (Pers. ) Fr. (Typhula) 721, 728 muscigena (Schum.) Fr. (Collybia) 338, 381 muscigena (Pers.) Fr. (Cyphella) 701 muscigena (Schum.) Quel. (Mycena) 338, 381 muscigenus (Bull.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 546, 547 muscigenus (Bull.) Quel. (Dictyolus) 546, 547 muscoides Fr. (Clavaria) 708 muscorum (Hoffm.) Quel. (Galera) 439 muscorum (Hoffm.) Fr. (Tubaria) 439 mussivum Fr. (Hebeloma) 252 mustelina Fr. (Pholiota) 123 mustelina Fr. (Russula) 477 mutabilis (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (Grandinia) 644 mutabilis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pholiota) 122 mutica Fr. (Inocybe) 201 muticus Berk. (Hymenogaster) 25 mutila (Fr.) Quel. (Omphalia) 445 mutilus Fr. (Pleurotus) 445 Mutinus Fr. 23 mycelium ix Mycena Fr. 8, 373 mycenoides (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 124 mycenoides Fr. (Pholiota) 124 mycenopsis Fr. (Galera) 412 Mycoleptodon Pat. 12, 639 myochroa (Fr.) Rea (Omphalia) 429 Myosotis Fr. (Naucoria) 357 myriadea Kalchbr. (Omphalia) 432 Myriostoma Desv. 4, 39 myrtillinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 163 Myxaclum Fr. 149 nana Massee (Laccaria) 291 narius Massee (Boletus) 562 nanus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 60 napus Fr. (Cortinarius) 139 narcoticus (Batsch) Fr. (Coprinus) 511 nasuta Kalchbr. (Naucoria) 355 naucina Fr. (Lepiota) 72, 86 Naucoria Fr. 7, 348 nauseosa (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 473 nauseosum Cke. (Hebeloma) 259 nebularis (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 269 necator (Pers.) Schroet. (Lactarius) 480 nefrens Fr. (Leptonia) 348 neglecta Massee (Psathyra) 415 nemophila Fr. (Psilocybe) 362 nemorensis Fr. (Cortinarius) 136 nemorensis Fr. (Cortinarius) 134 nemoreus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 298 nemoreus (Lasch) Fr. (Hygrophorus) nephriticum Berk. (Hysterangium) 25 Neptunea (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 Neurophyllum Pat. 9, 548 Nevillae Berk. (Omphalia) 435 nictitans Fr. (Tricholoma) 217 nictitans Fr. (Tricholoma) 235 nidorosum Fr. (Entoloma) 251 nidulans (Pers.) Quel. (Crepidotus) 450, 454 nidulans (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 450, 454 nidulans Fr. (Polyporus) 585 nidulans Fr. (Polyporus) 585 Nidularia (Fr.) Tul. 4, 45 Nldulariaceae 3, 4, 45 NlDULARHNEAB 3, 45 nigra Fl. Dan. (Mycena) 395 nigrella (Pers.) Gillet (Eccilia) 436 nigrescens Roze & Rich. (Boletus) 573 nigrescens Roze & Rich. (Boletus) 573 nigrescens Pers. (Bovista) 38 nigrescens (Lasch) Cke. (Clitocybe) 270 nigrescens (Lasch) Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 nigrescens (Schrad.) Fr. (Corticium) 641, 681 nigrescens (Klotzsch) Lloyd (Fomes) 592 nigrescens Quel. (Hygrophorus) 307 nigrescens (Quel.) Massee (Hygro- phorus) 307 nigrescens Cke. (Hymenochaete) 668 nigrescens Pers. (Lycoperdon) 35 nigrescens (Fr.) Quel. (Tremella) 732 nigricans (Fr.) Lloyd (Fomes) 593 nigricans Bres. (Mycena) 386 nigricans Lasch (Polystictus) 609 nigricans (Bull.) Fr. (Russula) 458 nigripes (Pers.) Rea (Clitocybe) 274 nigripes (Trog) Fr. (Nolanea) 350, 404 nigrocinnamomeum Kalchbr. (Ento- loma) 250 nigrocinnamomeum Schulz. (Ento- loma) 58 nigrodisca Peck (Inocybe) 201 nigromarginata Massee (Lepiota) 71 nigrum Fr. (Hydnum) 633 nimbata (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 271 nimbatum (Batsch) Quel. (Tricholoma) 238 nitellina Fr. (Collybia) 336 nitellina Fr. (Collybia) 337 nitens Cke. & Massee (Flammula) 315 782 INDEX nitida FT. (Amanita) 104 nitida (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 600 nitida (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 600 nitida Fr. (Russula) 473 nitida (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 473 nitidum Quel. (Entoloma) 246 nitidus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 151 nitratus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 309 nitrosus Cke. (Cortinarius) 176 nivalis (Grev.) Rea (Amanitopsis) 93 nivalis Fl. Dan. (Omphalia) 433 nivea Quel. (Mycena) 381 nivea Fl. Dan. (Omphalia) 429 nivea (Pers.) Cke. (Russula) 468 niveocremeum von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Corticium) 677 niveum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 643 niveus Massee (Bolbitius) 499 niveus Fr. (Boletus) 573 niveus (Pers.) Fr. (Coprinus) 505 niveus Cke. (Hygrophorus) 308 niveus (Scop.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 300 niveus Fr. (Merulius) 621 nodulosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Acia) 638, 642 nodulosum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 642 nodulosus Fr. (Polyporus) 586 Nolanea Fr. 8, 401 nolitangere (Fr.) Quel. (Hypholoma) 268, 418 nolitangere Fr. (Psathyra) 268, 418 nucea (Bolt.) Fr. (Naucoria) 353 nuciseda Fr. (Psilocybe) 366 nucleata (Schwein.) Rea (Exidia) 735 nucleate (Schwein.) Fr. (Naematelia) 735 nuda (Berk.) Pat. (Dacryomitra) 744 nuda Massee (Dacryopsis) 744 nuda Berk. (Ditiola) 744 nuda (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 683, 695 nuda (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 697 nudipes Fr. (Hebeloma) 258 nudum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 695 nudum (Tricholoma) 272 nitdum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 237 nummularia (Lam.) Fr. ( Colly bia) 336 nummularius (Bull.) Quel. (Polyporus) 577 Nyctalis Fr. 9, 541 nycthemerus Fr. (Coprinus) 511 nympharum Kalchbr. (Lepiota) 66 obbata Fr. (Clitocybe) 286 obducens (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 601 obesa W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 85 obesus Bres. (Hygrophorus) 296 oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. (Coprinus) 501 oblectus (Bolt.) Fr. (Coprinus) 508, 509 obliqua (Massee) Rea (Ditiola) 743 obliqua (Pers.) Quel. (Poria) 595, 606 obliquus (Pers.) Fr. (Fomes) 595, 606 obliquus (Schrad.) Fr. (Irpex) 611 obliquus (Schrad.) Fr. (Irpex) 599 obliquus Fr. (Lactarius) 496 obliquus Fr. (Polyporus) 606 obnubilus (Lasch) Fr. (Lactarius) 495 obrusseus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 307 obscura Gillet (Armillaria) 109 obscura (Pers.) Fr. (Inocybe) 200 obscurata Cke. (Clitocybe) 270 obscuratus Karst. (Hygrophorus) 309 obsoleta (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 289 obtexta (Lasch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 obturata Fr. (Stropharia) 127 obtusa (Clavaria) 723, 724 obtusa Cke. & Massee (Naucoria) 349 obtusata Fr. (Psathyra) 415 obtusifolius Rea (Marasmius) 524 obtusus Fr. (Cortinarius) 192 occulta Cke. (Clitocybe) 280 ocellata Fr. (Collybia) 338 ocellata (Fr.) R. Maire (Collybia) 338 ocellata Fr. (Grandinia) 645, 680 ochracea Massee (Coniophora) 628 ochracea (Fr.) Massee (Peniophora) 697 ochracea (Fr.) Massee (Peniophora) 695 ochracea (A. & S.) Fr. (Russula) 474 ochracea (Hoffm.) Berk. (Solenia) 702 ochraceum Fr. (Corticium) 644 ochraceum (Fr.) Bres. (Corticium) 680 ochraceum (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 639 ochraceum (Pers.) Pat. (Mycoleptodon) 639 ochrochlora Fr. (Flammula) 323 ochroidea (Berk.) Massee (Coniophora) 628 ochroleuca B. & Br. (Cyphella) 704 ochroleuca (B. & Br.) Rea (Phaeo- cyphella) 704 ochroleuca (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 465 ochroleucum Fr. (Stereum) 664 ochroleucus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 160 ochroviridis Cke. (Russula) 463 Octavlania Vitt. 4, 27 Odontla (Pers.) Pat. 13, 645 odora (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 274 odora (Sommerf.) Fr. (Trametes) 615 odorata (Wulf.) Fr. (Trametes) 615 odorus (Polyporus) 615 oedematopus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Collybia) 329 oedipus Quel. (Collybia) 337, 525 oedipus Cke. (Hypholoma) 264 oedipus (Quel.) Rea (Marasmius) 337, 381, 525 offuciata Fr. (Omphalia) 424 oleosum von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Gloeo- cystidium) 689 INDEX 783 olivacea Cke. & Massee (Bovista) 39 olivacea (Fr.) Karat. (Coniophorella) 628 olivacea (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 461 olivaceoalbus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 296 olivaceomarginata Massee (Mycena) 374 olivaceomarginata (Massee) Rea (My- cena) 374 olivaceum Fr. (Corticium) 628 olivaceus Gillet (Bolbitius) 497 olivaceus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Boletus) 570 olivaceus Vitt. (Hymenogaster) 27 olivascens (Batsch) Fr. (Cortinarius) 148 olivascens Bres. (Odontia) 644 olivascens (Fr.) Rea (Russula) 475 olivascens Pers. (Russula) 475 olivascens Quel. (Russula) 470 oUa (Batsch) Pers. (Cyathus) 47 ombrophila Fr. (Pholiota) 112 Omphalia (Pers.) Fr. 8, 422 oniscus Fr. (Omphalia) 426 oniscus Fr. (Omphalia) 427 onychinum Fr. (Tricholoma) 231 opaca (With.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 280 opala Fr. (Clitocybe) 276 opicum Fr. (Tricholoma) 229 opimus Fr. (Cortinarius) 153 opipara Fr. (Clitocybe) 221, 272 opiparum (Fr.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 221, 272 orbiculare Fr. (Radulum) 640 orbiformis Fr. (Clitocybe) 287 orcdla (Bull.) Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 orceUoides Cke. & Massee (Paxillus) 550 oreades (Bolt.) Fr. (Marasmius) 519 oreinum Fr. (Tricholoma) 234 orellanus Fr. (Cortinarius) 165 orichalceus (Batsch) Fr. (Cortinarius) 143 orirubens Quel. (Tricholoma) 224 osseus Kalchbr. (Polyporus) 578 ostreatus (Jacq.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 445 ovalis Fr. (Galera) 408 ovalispora Cke. & Massee (Bovista) 39 ovata (Pers.) Fr. (Pistillaria) 723 ovatus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Coprinus) 500 ovinus (Bull.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 302 oxygenus Fr. (Coprinus) 507 ozes Fr. (Collybia) 340 pachypus Fr. (Boletus) 570 Padi Pers. (Thelephora) 669 paedidum Fr. (Tricholoma) 242 paeonium (Tricholoma) 231 paleaceus (Weinm.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 180 pallens Berk. (Merulius) 622 pallescens Fr. (Polyporus) 591 pattida Pers. (Craterella) 662 pallida Rabenh. (Cyphella) 700 pallida Cke. (Omphalia) 429 pallida B. & Br. (Stropharia) 127 pallida (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 662 pallidipes Ellis & Everh. (Inocybe) 195 pallidula Bres. (Gonatobotrys) 689 pallidula (Bres.) Bourd. & Galz. (Peniophora) 689 pallidum (Pers.) Cke. (Stereum) 662 pallidum (Pers.) Lloyd (Stereum) 661 pallidus (Cantharellus) 273 pallidus B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 299 pallidus B. & Br. (Hymenogaster) 26 pallidus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 488 pallidus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 482 palmata (Schum.) Fr. (Calocera) 744 palmata (Pere.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713 palmata (Scop.) Pat. (Phylacteria) 652 palmata (Scop.) Fr. (Thelephora) 652 palmatus (Bull.) Fr. (Crepidotus) 454 palmatus (Bull.) Quel. (Pleurotus) 62, 247, 443, 454 paludosa Lev. (Bovista) 37 paludosa (Lev.) Lloyd (Bovistella) 37 paludosa (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 438 paludosa Fr. (Tubaria) 438 paludosus Massee (Boletus) 560 palumbina Quel. (Russula) 471 panaeolum Fr. (Tricholoma) 238, 271 Panaeolus Fr. 7, 369 panaeolus Fr. (Paxillus) 550 pantherina (DC.) Fr. (Amanita) 103 pantoleucus Fr. (Pleurotus) 445 panuoides Fr. (Paxillus) 553 Panus Fr. 9, 534 papilionaceus (Bull.) Fr. (Panaeolus) 371 papillata Bres. (Nolanea) 403 papillata Fr. (Omphalia) 432 papittatum (Schaeff.) Hollos (Lyco- perdon) 32 papillatus (Batsch) Fr. (Coprinus) 507 papillosa Fr. (Grandinia) 645, 647 papiUosa (Fr.) Bres. (Odontia) 645, 647 papulosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 148 papyraceus Fr. (Merulius) 623 papyrinus (Bull.) Quel. (Merulius) 620 parabolica Fr. (Mycena) 385 paradoxa Kalchbr. (Flammula) 314, 551 paradoxus (Kalchbr.) Quel. (Paxillus) 314, 551 paragaudis Fr. (Cortinarius) 173 . paraphyses ix Parasites x, xi, 1, 16, 725, 726 parasitica (Bull.) Fr. (Nyctalis) 541 parasiticus (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 565 parilis Fr. (Clitocybe) 282 Parisotii Pat. (Crepidotus) 457 784 INDEX parkensis Fr. (Eccilia) 435 parvannulata (Lasch) Fr. (Lepiota) 77 parvula (Weinm.) Fr. (Volvaria) 96 pascua (Pers.) Fr. (Nolanea) 401 patellaris Fr. (Panus) 536 pateriformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 188 PatouiUardii Quel. (Coprinus) 507 patricius Schulz. (Pluteus) 57 patulum Fr. (Tricholoma) 234 pauper Karat. (Lactarius) 489 paupercula Berk. (Mycena) 387 paupercula Berk. (Mycena) 388 pausiaca Fr. (Clitocybe) 288 Paxlllus FT. 9, 548 paxillus Fr. (Pholiota) 121 Pearsonii Bourd. (Corticium) 679 pectinata (Bull.) Fr. (Russula) 465 pectinatus (Klotzsch) Fr. (Fomea) 594 pectinatus (Pers.) Lloyd (Geaster) 40 pectinatus (Klotzsch) Quel. (Poly- porus) 594 pediades Fr. (Naucoria) 356 pediades Fr. (Naucoria) 356, 543 pedunculatum (Lycoperdon) 52 pelianthina Fr. (Mycena) 373 Pelletieri(Lev. ) Quel. (Phylloporus)551 pdlicula Bres. (Hypochnus) 657 pdlicula Fr. (Hypochnus) 657 pelliculosa Fr. (Mycena) 397 pellitus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 59 pellosperma (Bull.) Fr. (Psathyra) 414 pettucida (Bull.) Quel. (Naucoria) 437, 439 pellucida (Bull.) Fr. (Tubaria) 439 pellucida (Bull.) Fr. (Tubaria) 439 peltate Fr. (Mycena) 389 penarius Fr. (Hygrophorus) 293 pendulum Fr. (Radulum) 639, 674 pendulus (A. & S.) Fr. (Irpex) 610 penetrans Fr. (Flammula) 321 Pengellei B. & Br. (Clitocybe) 272 penicittatum (Merisma) 654 penicillatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 181 penicillatus (Fr.) Quel. (Cortinarius) 181 Peniophora Cke. 15, 687 pennata Fr. (Psathyra) 269, 418 pennatum (Fr.) Quel. (Hypholoma) 269, 418 perbrevis (Weinm.) Fr. (Inocybe) 204 Percevalii B. & Br. (Stropharia) 125 percomis Fr. (Cortinarius) 137 percomis Fr. (Cortinarius) 252 perennis (Linn.) Fr. (Polyporus) 575 perforans (Fr.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 532 perforans Fr. (Marasmius) 532 pergamena Cke. (Clitocybe) 279 pergamenus (Swartz) Quel. (Lactarius) 486 peridiola x peridium x periscelis Fr. (Cortinarius) 178 perlata Cke. (Inocybe) 204 perlatum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 34 permixta Barla (Lepiota) 65 peronata Massee (Psaliota) 83 peronatus (Bolt.) Fr. (Marasmius) 518 peronatus (Bolt.) Quel. (Marasmius) 518 perrara Schulz. (Psaliota) 86 persicinus Beck (Hygrophorus) 294 persicolor Fr. (Tricholoma) 231 persimilis Cotton (Clavaria) 715 persimilis Cotton (Clavaria) 716 personatum FT. (Tricholoma) 236 Persoonianum Phill. & Plowr. (Ento- loma) 248 Persoonii Du Port (Entoloma) 248 pes-caprae Fr. (Agaricus) 279 pes-caprae Fr. (Tricholoma) 233 pessundatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 218 pessundatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 218 petaloides (Bull.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 446 petaloides Fr. (Polyporus) 578 petasatus (Fr.) Karat. (Pluteus) 57 Peter sii Berk. & Curt. (Pilacre) 729 petiginosa (Fr.) Rea (Astrosporina) 213 petiginosa (Fr.) Quel. (Inocybe) 213 petiginosum Fr. (Hebeloma) 213 peziza Tul. (Guepinia) 743 pezizoides (Nees) Fr. (Crepidotus) 456 pezizoides Massee (Peniophora) 696, 697 phacorrhiza (Reich.) Fr. (Typhula) 721 phaeocephala (? Bull.) Cke. (Inocybe) 207 phaeocephalum (Bull.) Quel. (Ento- loma) 244, 245 Phaeocyphella Pat. 15, 704 phaeopodia (Bull.) FT. (Collybia) 331 phaeopodium (Bull.) Quel. (Tricho- loma) 240, 331 Phaeoporus Bataille 10, 555 Phaeotremella Rea 18, 733 phalaenarum Fr. (Panaeolus) 370 phalenarum Bull. (Panaeolus) 92 phalerata Fr. (Pholiota) 122 Phallaceae 2, 3, 22 PHALLINEAE 2, 21 phalloides (Vaill.) Fr. (Amanita) 98 phalloides (Dicks.) Pera. (Battarrea)53 phalloides Dicks. (Lycoperdon) 53 Phallus (Micheli) Pers. 3, 23 Phillipsii B. & Br. (Crepidotus) 456 philonotis (Lasch) Fr. (Omphalia) 426 philonotis (Lasch) Quel. (Omphalia)426 Phlebia Fr. 12, 624 phlebophorus (Ditm.) Fr. (Pluteus) 61 Phlegmacium FT. 132 INDEX 785 phoeniceus (Bull.) Make (Cortinarius) 163 pholideus Fr. (Cortinarius) 159 PholiotaFr. 7, 111 phosphorea Sow. (Auricularia) 673 phrygianus Fr. (Cortinarius) 159 Phylacteria(Pers.) Pat. 13, 14, 651 phyllophila Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 phyllophila Massee (Peniophora) 697 physaloides (Bull.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 365 picaceus (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 502 picea Kalchbr. (Nolanea) 350, 405 picinus Fr. (Lactarius) 492 picipes Fr. (Polyporus) 577 picrea Fr. (Flammula) 322 picta Fr. (Omphalia) 432 pictipes Cke. (Russula) 463 Pilosace Fr. 6, 63 pilosella (Pers.) Rea (Galera) 407 pilosus (Huds.) Quel. (Marasmius) 532 pilulaeforme (Bull.) Fr. (Hypholoma) 268 Pimii Phill. (Cyphella) 700 pinastri Fr. (Hydnum) 624, 638 pinastri (Fr.) Burt (Merulius) 624, 638 pinetorum Fr. (Cortinarius) 154 Pini Fr. (Stereum) 666 Pini (Brot.) Fr. (Trametes) 615 pinicola (Vitt.) Rea (Boletus) 567 Pinuum Bres. (Polyporus) 593 piperatus (BuU.) Fr. (Boletus) 561 piperatus (Scop.) Fr. (Lactarius) 485, 486 pisciodora (Ces.) Fr. (Nolanea) 350, 404 pisiformis (Roth) Tul. (Nidularia) 45 pisiformis (Roth) Tul. (Nidularia) 45, 46 pisocarpium (Nees) Fr. (Polysaccum) 50 Pisolithus A. & S. 5, 50 Pistillaria Fr. 16, 722 pistillaris (Linn.) Fr. (Clavaria) 717 pithya (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 339, 381 pithyophila (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 276 pityria Fr. (Galera) 411 placenta Batsch (Entoloma) 244 placenta (Batsch) Fr. (Entoloma) 245 placenta Fr. (Polyporus) 601 placenta Fr. (Poria) 601 placida Fr. (Leptonia) 343 H plancus Fr. (Marasmius) 519 planipes (Brig.) Fr. (Collybia) 337 Platygloea Schroet. 17, 726 platyphylla (Pers.) Fr. (Collybia) 328 platypus Berk. (Coprinus) 512 PLECTOBASIDIINEAE 3, 47 Pleurotus Fr. 8, 441 plexipes Fr. (Collybia) 340 plexipes (Fr.) Quel. (Collybia) 327 plicata (Schaeff.) Quel. (Mycena) 396 plicatilis (Curt.) Fr. (Coprinus) 516 plicatiloides Buller (Coprinus) 516 plicatocrenata Fr. (Mycena) 396 Plicatura Peck 12, 541, 625 plicosa Fr. (Mycena) 388 plumbea Fr. (Bovista) 38 plumbea Fr. (Mycena) 392 plumbea (Fr.) Rick. (Omphalia) 392 plumbeus (Bull.) Fr. (Lactarius) 486 ftamfetM(BuIL) Quel. (Lactarius) 480 plumiger FT. (Cortinarius) 171 plumosa (Bolt. ) Rea (Astrosporina) 214 plumosa (Bolt.) Fr. (Inocybe) 214 plumosa (Duby) Rea (Odontia) 638, 647 plumosum Duby (Hydnum) 638, 647 plumvlosa (Lasch) Quel. (Volvaria) 94 pluteoides Fr. (Entoloma) 250 Pluteolus Fr. 6, 62 Pluteus Fr. 6, 56 pluvius Fr. (Cortinarius) 153 polia Fr. (Clitocybe) 270 polioleucum Fr. (Tricholoma) 240 polyaddpha (Lasch) Fr. (Omphalia) 435, 530 polyadelphus (Lasch) Pat. (Andro- saceus) 530 polyadelphus (Lasch) Cke. (Marasmius) 435, 530 polycephala Fr. (Psilocybe) 368 polygonium (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 684 polygramma (Bull.) Fr. (Mycena) 384 polymorphum Vitt. (Lycoperdon) 36 polymorphus Rostk. (Polyporus) 586 Polyporaceae 10, 11, 574 Polyporus (Micheli) Fr. 11, 574 Polysaccum DC. 5, 50 polysticta Berk. (Lepiota) 77 Polystlctaceae 10, 11, 608 Polystictus Fr. 11, 608 polytricha (Mont.) Pat. (Auricularia) 728 polytricha Mont. (Hirneola) 728 Polytrichi Fr. (Psilocybe) 363 polyzona (Pers.) Fr. (Daedalea) 618 pomaceus (Pers.) Big. & Guill. (Fomes) 594 pomposum Fr. (Hypholoma) 261 popinalis Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 popinalis Fr. (Clitopilus) 272 populetorum Berk. (Hymenogaster) 27 populinum (Sommerf.) Fr. (Corticiuaa) 682 populinus Fr. (Fomes) 596 Poria (Pers. ) Fr. 11,598 poriaeformis (DC.) FT. (Solenia) 703 porinoides Fr. (Merulius) 621 POROHYDNINEAE 10, 574 porosum Berk. & Curt. (Corticium) 684 786 INDEX porosus Berk. (Paxillus) 552 Porothelium Fr. 15, 703 porphyria (A. & S.) Fr. (Amanita) 99 porphyroleucum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricho- loma) 240 porphyrophaeum Fr. (Entoloma) 244 porphyropus (A. & S.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 147 porphyrosporus Fr. (Boletus) 555 porphyrosporus (Fr.) Bat. (Phaeo- porus) 555 porreus (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 519 porrigens (Pers.) Quel. (Calathinus) 449 porrigens (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 449 porriginosa Fr. (Naucoria) 358 portentosum Fr. (Tricholoma) 215 Postii Fr. (Omphalia) 424 Postii Fr. (Omphalia) 425 praecox (Pers.) Fr. (Pholiota) 114 praestans (Cordier) Sacc. (Cortinarius) 138 praestigiosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 173 praetermissa Karst. (Peniophora) 684 praetermissum (Karst.) Bres. (Cor- ticium) 684 praetervisa (Quel.) Schroet. ( Astro - sporina) 209 praetervisa Quel. (Inocybe) 209 prasinus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 144 prasiosmus Fr. (Marasmius) 520 prasiosmus Fr. (Marasmius) 523 pratense Pers. (Lycoperdon) 32 pratensis (Fr.) Cotton & Wakef. (Clavaria) 708 pratensis (Pers. ) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 299 pratensis (Fr.) Rea (Lepiota) 69 pratensis (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psaliota) 86 praticola (Vitt.) Fr. (Psaliota) 87 pravum (Lasch) Fr. (Tricholoma) 231 privignus Fr. (Cortinarius) 183 proboscideus Fr. (Crepidotus) 457 procera (Scop.) Fr. (Lepiota) 64 proletaria Fr. (Nolanea) 401 prolifera (Sow.) Fr. (Mycena) 382 prolixa (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Collybia) 330 prominens Fr. (Lepiota) 64 prona Fr. (Paathyrella) 421 Protodontia von Hoehn. 18, 736 protracta Fr. (Collybia) 342 proxima Boud. (Laccaria) 290 proxima (Boud.) Make (Laccaria) 290 proximella (Karst.) Rea (Astrosporina) 208 proximella Karst. (Inocybe) 208 proximellus (Karst.) Massee (Coprinus) 517 pruinatus Fr. (Boletus) 565 pruinatus Rea (Marasmius) 523 pruinosa (Lasch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 286 Pruni Lasch (Odontia) 650 prunuloides Fr. (Entoloma) 244 prunulus (Scop.) Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 Psaliota Fr. 6, 82 psammicola B. & Br. (Mycena) 383 psammocephalus Fr. (Cortinarius) 179 psammopum Kalchbr. (Tricholoma) 220 Psathyra Fr. 8, 412 Psathyrella Fr. 8, 419 psathyroides Cke. (Collybia) 335 pseudoandrosacea Bull. (Omphalia) 429 pseudoandrosacea (Bull.) Fr. (Om- phalia) 430 pseudodirecta W. G. Sm. (Omphalia) 433 pseudofoliacea Rea (Phaeotremella) 733 pseudolicmophora Rea (Lepiota) 74 pseudoorcella Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 pseudopura Cke. (Mycena) 377 pseudostorea W. G. Sm. (Hypholoma) 264 Psilocybe Fr. 7, 361 psittacinus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hygro- phorus) 308 pterigena Fr. (Mycena) 399 Pterula Fr. 16, 724 Ptychella 543 Ptychogaster Cda. 13, 660 pubera (Fr.) Sacc. (Peniophora) 683, 693 puberula Berk. (Pistillaria) 724 puberum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 693 pubescens (Sow. ) Quel. (Calathinus) 449 pubescens Fr. (Lactarius) 480 PUCCINIINEAE xi, 16, 726 pudica (Bull.) Quel. (Lepiota) 72, 82 pudica (Bull.) Fr. (Pholiota) 115 pudorinum Fr. (Hydnum) 639 pudorinus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 294 puella (Batsch) Cda. (Amanita) 100 puellaris (Fr.) Rea (Lepiota) 65 puellaris Fr. (Russula) 473 pulchella Fr. (Mycena) 381 pulchellus (Fr.) Rea (Boletus) 559 pukherrima Gillet (Russula) 460 pulcherrimum Berk. & Curt. (Hydnum) 637 pulchralis (Britz.) Cke. (Russula) 474 pulla (Schaeff.) Fr. (Collybia) 331 pullata Berk. & Cke. (Mycena) 386 puttum Schaeff. (Hydnum) 633 pulmonarius Fr. (Pleurotus) 447 pulvereum Rea (Entoloma) 249 pulverulenta Sow. (Auricularia) 627 pulverulenta (Lev.) Massee (Conio- phora) 627 pulverulentus B. & Br. (Hygrophorus 293 INDEX 787 pulverulentus (Scop.) Fr. (Lentinus) 538 pulverulentus FT. (Merulius) 622 pulverulentus (Fr.) Quel. (Merulius) 622 pumila (Sow.) Quel. (Mycena) 380 pumila Fr. (Pholiota) 124 punctata Gill. (Russula) 476 punctata (Gill.) Maire (Russula) 476 punctatum Fr. (Hebeloma) 255 punctatus (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 176 punctillifer Quel. (Pluteus) 59 punctulata Kalchbr. (Pholiota) 131 punctulata (Kalchbr.) Fr. (Stropharia) 131, 266 punctulatum Cke. (Corticium) 683, 685 punctulatum (Kalchbr.) Cke. (Hypho- loma) 266 puniceum (A. & S.) Fr. (Corticium) 655 puniceus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 306 puniceus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 307 puniceus (A. & S.) Sacc. (Hypochnus) 655 pura (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 377 purpurascens Rostk. (Boletus) 565 purpurascens Fr. (Cortinarius) 141 purpurascens (Exidia) 728 purpurascens Cke. (Psaliota) 84 purpurascens B. & Br. (Trametes) 617 purpurata Cke. & Massee (Flammula) 314 purpurata Bres. (Russula) 475 pur pur ea (Clavaria) 706 purpurea (Miiller) Fr. (Clavaria) 714 purpurea W. G. Sm. (Pistillaria) 724 purpurea Fr. (Poria) 605 purpurea Gill. (Russula) 469 purpureum (Tul.) Pat. (Helicobasid- ium) 726 ' purpureum Auct. pi. (Stereum) 665 purpureum (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 664 purpureus Fr. (Boletus) 571 purpureu* Fr. (Boletus) 572, 605 pusilla (Pers.) Fr. (Pistillaria) 722, 724 pusilla Schroet. (Typhula) 722 pusilla (Pers.) Quel. (Volvaria) 96 pusillum (Batsch) Pers. (Lycoperdon) pusillus Fr. (Craterellus) 546 pusillus B. & Br. (Hymenogaster) 27 pusio Howse (Boletus) 565 pusiola Fr. (Naucoria) 352 pustulatus (Pers.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 297 puteana (Schum.) Karst. (Coniophora) 626 puteanum (fichum.) Fr. (Corticium) 626 putidum Fr. (Tricholoma) 243 putrigenus Berk. & Curt. (Crepidotus) 455 pygmaeoaffinis Fr. (Galera) 409 pyrenaea Quel. (Lepiota) 75, 111 pyriforme (Schaeff.) Pers. (Lycoperdon) 35 pyriformis (Pers.) Fr. (Omphalia) 429 pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. (Inocybe) 195 pyriodora (Pers.) Fr. (Inocybe) 196, 201, 202 pyrogalus (Bull.) FT. (Lactarius) 484 pyrotricha (Holmsk.) Quel. (Stropharia) 132, 264 pyrotrichum (Holmsk.) Fr. (Hypho- loma) 132, 264 pyxidata (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 709 pyxidata (Bull.) Fr. (Omphalia) 425 pyxidata (Bull.) Fr. (Omphalia) 428 quadricolor (Scop.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 172 Queletia Fr. 5, 52 Queletii Schulz. (Boletus) 572 Queletii Fr. (Hydnum) 635 Queletii (Fr.) Bataille (Russula) 467 quercina (Linn.) Fr. (Daedalea) 613, 617 quercina (Linn.) Qu61. (Lenzites) 613, 617 quercina (Pers.) Cke. (Peniophora) 683, 696, 697 quercina Pers. (Thelephora) 696 quercina (Tremella) 730 quercinum (Pera.) Fr. (Corticium) 683, 696 quercinum Fr. (Radulum) 640, 641 quercinum Potter (Stereum) 663 quercinus (Schrad.) Fr. (Polyporus) 584 quietus Fr. (Lactarius) 488 quinquepartitum Fr. (Tricholoma) 216 quisquiliaris Fr. (Pistillaria) 723 racemosa (Pers.) Fr. ( Colly bia) 334 radians (Desm.) Fr. (Coprinus) 507 radiata Fr. (Phlebia) 625 radiata Fr. (Phlebia) 624 radiatus (Bolt.) Fr. (Coprinus) 512 radiatus (Sow.) FT. (Polyporus) 586 radicans (Krombh.) Massee (Boletus) 563 radicans Pers. (Boletus) 569 radicans (Pers.) FT. (Boletus) 564 radicata (Relh.) Berk. (Collybia) 326 radicata (A. & S.) Fr. (Ditiola) 742 radicatum Cke. (Hebeloma) 258 radicatum (Cke.) Maire (Hebeloma) 258 radicosa (BuU.) Fr. (Pholiota) 115 radicosus (B. & Br.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 543 radiosum Fr. (Corticium) 673 502 788 INDEX radiosum ( Fr. ) Rea ( Corticium ) 683, 685 radula (Pens.) Fr. (Poria) 602 Radulum Fr. 13, 639 raeborhiza (Lasch) Gill. (Mycena) 380 Ralfsii B. & Br. (Crepidotus) 456 ramealis (Bull.) Fr. (Marasmius) 527 ramentacea (Bull.) Fr. (Armillaria) 107, 224 ramentacea B. & Br. (Poria) 604 ramentaceum (Bull.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 107, 224 ramosus Schulz. (Cantharellus) 542 ramosus (BuU.) Quel. (Polyporus) 581 rancida Fr. (Collybia) 339 rancida Bres. (Poria) 603 rapaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 138 raphanoides (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 167 ravida Fr. (Galera) 411 ravidus Fr. (Polystictus) 610 Reaae Maire (Leptonia) 344 Reai Maire (Hygrophorus) 305 receptacles x recisa (Ditm.) Fr. (Exidia) 734 recisa Ditm. (Tremella) 734 recolligens (Lycoperdon) 42 recutita Fr. (Amanita) 99 redimitus Fr. (Cortinarius) 158 reducta Fr. (Naucoria) 358 Reedii Berk. (Cortinarius) 190 reflexa (Schaefif.) Fr. (Pholiota) 118 regalis Fr. (Amanita) 100 regius Krombh. (Boletus) 566 rdicina (Fr.) Schroet. (Astrosporina) 203 relicina Fr. (Inocybe) 203 Renati Quel. (Mycena) 378 renidens Fr. (Cortinarius) 187 renifonnis Fr. (Pleurotus) 448 Rennyi (B. & Br.) Rea (Astrosporina) 212 Rennyi B. & Br. (Inocybe) 212 Rennyi B. & Br. (Poria) 605 repandum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 244 repandum (Hydnum) 631 repandum (Linn.) Fr. (Hydnum) 630 repens Fr. (Collybia) 328 replexus Fr. (Cantharellus) 545 resinaceum Boud. (Ganoderma) 598 resinaceum Boud. (Ganoderma) 596 resinaceus (Trog) Quel. (Lentinus) 538 resinosus (Schrad.) Quel. (Polyporus) 597 resplendens Fr. (Tricholoma) 216 resupinata (Bolt.) W. G. Sm. (Poria) 606 resupinatus Bolt. (Boletus) 595 resupinatus Sow. (Boletus) 619 resupinatus (Bolt.) Massee (Fomes) 596, 606 resutum Fr. (Entoloma) 248 reticulata (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 607 reticulatus (Schaeff.) Boud. (Boletus) 567 reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteolus) 63 reticulatus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteolus) 63 reticulatus Cke. (Pluteus) 62, 443 reticulatus Fr. (Polyporus) 607 retigera Bres. (Collybia) 327 retigera Bres. (Collybia) 340 retirugis Fr. (Panaeolus) 370 retirugus (Bull.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 546, 547 retirugus (Bull.) Quel. (Dictyolus) 546, 547 retisporus Massee (Lactarius) 492 retosta Fr. (Omphalia) 430 revolutus Cke. (Paxillus) 551 revolutus Kickx (Pleurotus) 446 revolutus Kickx (Pleurotus) 446 rhacodes (Vitt.) Fr. (Lepiota) 65 Rhlzopogon Fr. 4, 29 rhodella Fr. (Poria) 601 rhodellus Fr. (Polyporus) 605 rhodiola Bres. (Inocybe) 205 rhodocalix (Eccilia) 436 rhodocylix (Lasch) Fr. (Eccilia) 436 Rhododendri Cramer (Exobasidium) 725 rhodopolium Fr. (Entoloma) 250 rhodospora Br. & W. G. Sm. (Nolanea) 406 rhodoxanthus (Schwein.) Bres. (Phyllo- porus) 551 Ribis (Schum.) Fr. (Fomes) 594 riculatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 160 Riederi (Weinm.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 136 rigens (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 189 rigens Pers. (Pluteus) 57 rigidus (Scop.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 180 rimosa (Bull.) Fr. (Inocybe) 195 rimosa Cke. (Peniophora) 693, 697 rimososquamosus Cke. (Coprinus) 502 rimulincola (Lasch) Rabenh. (Nau- coria) 351 ring* rivulosa (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 rivulosus (Bull.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 498 roburneus (Fr.) Lloyd (Fomes) 593 robusta A. & S. (Armillaria) 106 robusta (A. & S.) Fr. (Armillaria) 106 robustior Cke. (Cortinarius) 170 robustum Cke. (Tricholoma) 230 robustus Karst. (Fomes) 593 Romellii Maire (Russula) 470 rorida Fr. (Mycena) 398 rosacea (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 467 rosea (Dalman) Fr. (Clavaria) 714 rosea Rea (Lepiota) 76 rosea (Pers.) Sacc. (Mycena) 376 INDEX 789 rosea (Schaeff.) Quel. (Russula) 476 roseipes Massee (Hygrophorus) 300 roseipes (Seer.) Bres. (Russula) 472 rosella Fr. (Mycena) 376 roseoalbus Fr. (Pluteus) 61 roseocremeum Bres. (Corticium) 684 roseogriseus Wakef. & Pears. (Hypo- chnus) 657 roseolum Massee (Corticium) 673, 683 roseotinctus Rea (Coprinus) 505 roseozonatus Fr. (Lactarius) 484 roseum (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 673, 683 roseum Cke. (Entoloma) 244 roseum Maire (Entoloma) 248 roseus (A. & S.) Fr. (Fomes) 596 roseus (A. & S.) Fr. (Fomes) 596 roseus (Fr.) Quel. (Gomphidius) 324 Rostkovii Fr. (Boletus) 564 Rostkovii Fr. (Polyporus) 580 rotula (Scop.) Pat. (Androsaceus) 531 rotula (Scop.) Fr. (Marasmius) 531 Roumeguerii Bres. (Corticium) 683, 693 Rozei Quel. (Entoloma) 247 Rozites Karst. 7, 111 rubella Quel. (Mycena) 378 rubella Gillet (Pratella) 90 rubella Gillet (Psaliota) 90 rubellus Cke. (Cortinarius) 175 rubellus McWeeney (Gyrodon) 557 rubens (Scop.) Quel. (Amanita) 104 ruber (Mich.) Pers. (Clathrus) 21 rubescens (Pers.) FT. (Amanita) 104 rubescens Cke. (CoUybia) 332 rubescens (Bres.) Bataille (Lactarius) 495 rubescens Pers. (Limacium) 293 rubescens Tul. (Rhizopogon) 29 rubescens (A. & S.) Fr. (Trametes) 614 rubescens (A. & S.) Fr. (Trametes) 614 Rubi Berk. (Crepidotus) 361, 456 rubicundula Rea (Flammula) 318 rubicundus Rene Maire (Boletus) 572 rubida Berk. (Nolanea) 406 rubiformis Fr. (Naematelia) 733 rubiformis (Fr.) Quel. (Tremella) 733 rubiginosa (Pers.) Fr. (Galera) 410 rubiginosa (Dicks.) Lev. (Hymeno- chaete) 667 rubiginosum (Schrad.) Fr. (Stereum) 667 rubiginosus Fr. (Boletus) 569 rubinus W. G. Sm. (Boletus) 564 rubra La Billard (Aseroe) 22 rubra Rea (Inocybe) 202 rubra Cke. (Russula) 469 rubra (Krombh.) Bres. (Russula) 467 rubricata B. & Br. (Naucoria) 351, 526 rubricatus (B. & Br.) Massee (Maras- mius) 351, 526 rubriceps Cke. & Massee (Chitonia) 97 rubriceps (Cke. & Massee) Rea (Clarkeinda) 97 rubromarginata Fr. (Mycena) 375 rudis Fr. (Panus) 535 rufa (Batt.) Quel. (Armillaria) 106 rufa (Batt.) Quel. (Armillaria) 106 rufa Fl. Dan. (Clavaria) 714 rufa (Guepinia) 733 rufa (Pers.) Fr. (Hypocrea) 732, 745 rufa Pat. (Inocybe) 200 rufa (Schrad.) Fr. (Poria) 601 rufescens (Schaeff.) Fr. (Clavaria) 710 rufescens Pers. (Geaster) 43 rufescens (Pers.) Fr. (Hydnum) 631 rufescens B. & Br. (Lepiota) 75 rufescens Fr. (Polyporus) 582, 617 rufescens Berk. (Psaliota) 87 rufidula Kalchbr. (Pholiota) 124 rufipes Gillet (Cantharellus) 542 rufipes Massee &W. G. Sm. (Pleurotus) 448 rufocarnea Berk. (Nolanea) 404 rufohispidum Stev. (Stereum) 668 rufomarginatum (Pers.) Quel. (Stereum) 667 rufo-olivaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 143 rufopallidus Trog (Polyporus) 596 rufulus B. & Br. (Agaricus) 428 rufum Engl. Auth. (Stereum) 739 rufum Fr. (Stereum) 667 rufus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Boletus) 572 rufus (Jacq.) Bref. (Gyrocephalus) 733 rufus (Scop.) Fr. (Lactarius) 490 rufus (Pers.) Fr. (Merulius) 621 rugosa (Bull.) Fr. (Clavaria) 706 rugosa (Bull.) Fr. (Clavaria) 707, 719 rugosa Fr. (Mycena) 383 rugosa Fr. (Mycena) 332 culum Berk. & Curt. (Stereum) rugosum (Pers.) Fr. (Stereum) 663 rugosus Fr. (Boletus) 573 rusiophylla (Lasch) Fr. (Psaliota) 91 russocoriaceus Berk. & Miller (Hygro- phorus) 300 Russula Fr. 8, 457 russula (Schaeff.) Quel. (Hygrophorus) 219, 247, 293 russula (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 219, 293 russus Fr. (Cortinarius) 137 rustica Fr. (Omphalia) 427 Ruthae B & Br. (Pleurotus) 444 rutilans (Pers.) Quel. (Cytidia) 683, 698 rutilans (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585 rutilans (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 585 rutilans (Schaeff. ) Fr. (Tricholoma) 219 rutilans (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 219 rutilus Fr. (Boletus) 561 \\ 790 INDEX sabuletomm (B. & Curt.) Rea (Astro- sporina) 207, 212 sabuletorum B. & Curt. (Inocybe) 212 saccatum (Vahl.) Fr. (Lycoperdon) 31 saccatus Fr. (Geaster) 42 saccharifera B. & Br. (Mycena) 399 saccharina Fr. (Exidia) 735 saccharina (Fr.) Bref. (Ulocolla) 735 saccharinus (Batsch) Rea (Andro- saceus) 533 saccharinus (Batsch) Fr. (Marasmius) 533 sacchariolens Quel. (Hebeloma) 259 Sadleri B. & Br. (Clitocybe) 290 saepiaria (Wulf.) Fr. (Lenzites) 613 saevum Gillet (Tricholoma) 237 sagata Fr. (Psaliota) 91 saginus Fr. (Cortinarius) 137 Sahleri Quel. (Galera) 412 salicicola Fr. (Flammula) 319 salicicola FT. (Flammula) 320 salicinum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 698 salicinus (Pers.) Fr. (Fomes) 593 salicinus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 59 saligna Fr. (Daedalea) 583, 618 salignus (Pers.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 446 salignus Fr. (Polyporus) 583, 618 salor Fr. (Cortinarius) 151 Sambuci (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 677, 697 Sambuci Pers. (Thelephora) 677 sambucina FT. (Inocybe) 196 sanguifluus (Paul.) Fr. (Lactarius) 488 sanguinea (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 683, 690 sanguinea (Bull.) Fr. (Russula) 466 sanguineum Fr. (Corticium) 683, 690 sanguineus Pers. (Boletus) 571 sanguineus (With.) Quel. (Boletus) 562 sanguineus (Wulf.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 164 sanguinolenta (A. & S.) Fr. (Mycena) 394 sanguinolenta (A. & S.) Fr. (Poria) 604 sanguinolenta A. & S. (Thelephora) 663 sanguinolentum (A. & S.) Fr. (Stereum) 663 saniosus FT. (Cortinarius) 192 sapidus Schulz. (Pleurotus) 444 sapinea Fr. (Flammula) 321 saponaceum Fr. (Tricholoma) 227 Saprophytes x, xi, 1, 16, 21, 725, 726 sarcocephala (Fr.) Quel. (Psathyra) 361, 413 sarcocephala Fr. (Psilocybe) 361, 413 sarcoides (Jacq.) Tul. (Coryne) 732 sarcoides Sm. (Tremella) 732 sardonia (Fr.) Bres. (Russula) 469 Samicus Massee (Clitopilus) 312 satanas Lenz (Boletus) 571 saturninus Fr. (Cortinarius) 184 saturninus Fr. (Cortinarius) 185 Saundersii Fr. (Entoloma) 247 scabella (Fr.) Schroet. (Astrosporhia) 211 scabella (Fr.) Bres. (Inocybe) 202, 207 scabella (Fr.) Quel. (Inocybe) 211 scabdlus (A. & S.) Quel. (Marasmius) 533, 534 scaber (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 573 scaber (Bull.) Fr. (Boletus) 573 scabra (Muller) Fr. (Inocybe) 194 scabrosum Fr. (Hydnum) 632 scalpturatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 222 scalpturatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 223 scamba Fr. (Flammula) 323 scambus (Fr.) Quel. (Paxillus) 323 scandens Fr. (Cortinarius) 190 scaurus Fr. (Cortinarius) 144 Schaefferi Fr. (Cortinarius) 177 Schaefferi B. & Br. (Hypholoma) 261 Schiedermayeri Heufl. (Hydnum) 636 schista Cke. & Sm. (Inocybe) 207 Schizophyllum Fr. 8, 452 Schmideli Vitt. (Geaster) 40 Schroeteri Karst. (Coprinus) 517 Schulzeria Bres. 6, 55 Schumacher) Fr. (Tricholoma) 234 Schweinitzii Fr. (Polyporus) 582 Schweinitzii Fr. (Polyporus) 582 sciophanoides Rea (Hygrophorus) 303 sciophanus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 303 sciophanus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 303 sciophyllus Fr. (Cortinarius) 185 sciophyllus (Fr.) Quel. (Cortinarius) 185 scitula Massee (Anellaria) 92 scitulus Massee (Panaeolus) 92 Scleroderma Pers. 5, 48 Sclerodermataceae 3, 5, 47 SCLERODERMINEAE 3, 47 sclerotia xi sclerotipes Bres. (Marasmius) 528 scobicola B. & Br. (Psilocybe) 364 scobinacea (Fr.) Rick. (Hypholoma) 130 scobinacea FT. (Stropharia) 130 scobinella Fr. (Lepiota) 72 scolecina Fr. (Naucoria) 353 scorodonius Fr. (Marasmius) 529 scorteus FT. (Marasmius) 520 scorzonerea (Batsch) Fr. (Collybia) 330 scotica Massee (Peniophora) 692, 697 scoticus B. & Br. (Lactarius) 487 scoticus B. & Br. (Lentinus) 539 scrobiculatum Fr. (Hydnum) 635 scrobiculatus (Scop.) Fr. (Lactarius) 479 scutellare Berk. & Curt. (Corticium) INDEX 791 scutulatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 171 scyphiformis Fr. (Omphalia) 427 scyphiformis (Omphalia) 424 scyphoides Fr. (Omphalia) 424 sebacea (Thelephora) 737 sebacea (Pers.) Fr. (Thelephora) 737 sebaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 134 sebaceus B. & Br. (Dacryomyces) 742 Sebacina Tul. 14, 18, 737 secemibilis B. & Br. (Poria) 602 Secretanii Rabenh. (Amanita) 99 sejunctum (Sow.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 215 scmibulbosus Lasch (Pluteus) 97 semibulbosus (Lasch) Fr. (Pluteus) 60 semicrema Fr. (Russula) 459 semiflexa B. & Br. (Naucoria) 351 eemiglobata (Batsch) Fr. (Stropharia) 129 semilanceata Fr. (Psilocybe) 366 seminuda (Lasch) Fr. (Lepiota) 78 semiorbicularis (Bull.) Fr. (Naucoria) 356 semiorbicularis (Bull.) Fr. (Naucoria) 356 semisanguineus (Brig.) Maire (Cortin- arius) 164 semitalis Fr. (Collybia) 329 semitalis Fr. (Collybia) 328 semitincta Phill. (Psathyra) 416 semivestita B. & Br. (Psathyra) 269, 417 semivestitum (B. & Br.) Quel. (Hypho- loma) 269, 617 senescens Batsch (Hebeloma) 253 senescens (Batsch) B. & Br. (Hebeloma) 254 senilis FT. (Clitocybe) 284 separata (Linn.) Karst. (Anellaria) 91 separatus (Linn.) Fr. (Panaeolus) 91 septicus Fr. (Pleurotus) 449 sepulta (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 650 sepultum B. & Br. (Hydnum) 650 serarius Fr. (Cortinarius) 145 serena Fr. (Lepiota) 75 seriate Fr. (Corticium) 680 sericella (Fr.) Quel. (Leptonia) 249, 346 sericdlum Fr. (Entoloma) 249, 346 sericeomollis Romell (Poria) 602 sericeum (Bull.) Fr. (Entoloma) 251 serifluus (DC.) Fr. (Lactarius) 494 serotina Quel. (Russula) 462 serotinum (Bon.) Hollos (Lycoperdon) 35 serotinus (Schrad.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 447 serpens (Tode) Fr. (Merulius) 621 serpens Fr. (Trametes) 616 serrulata FT. (Leptonia) 345 serrulata (Pers.) Fr. (Leptonia) 345 serum (Pers.) Quel. (Corticium) 677 sessilis Sow. (Peziza) 700 setigera Fr. (Kneiffia) 650, 692 setigera Bres. (Peniophora) 649 setigera (Fr.) Bres. (Peniophora) 650, setigera Fr. (Psaliota) 90 setigerum (Fr.) Karst. (Corticium) 692 setipes Fr. (Omphalia) 433 setosa (Sow.) Fr. (Mycena) 400 setosa (Sow.) Quel. (Mycena) 399 setosum (Pers.) Bres. (Hydnum) 636 Seynii Quel. (Mycena) 377 sideroides (Bull.) Fr. (Naucoria) 354 silaceum (Pers.) Fr. (Hypholoma) 260 siliginea Fr. (Galera) 408 siliginea Fr. (Galera) 408 similis Boud. & Pat. (Clavaria) 715 similis B. & Br. (Coprinus) 503 simillima Karst. (Mycena) 384 simillima Karst. (Mycena) 383 sinapizans (Paul.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 257 sindonia Fr. (Inocybe) 197 sinopica Fr. (Clitocybe) 282 sinuatum Fr. (Entoloma) 243 sinuosa Fr. (Poria) 606 sinuosa (Fr.) Quel. (Trametes) 606, 616 sinuosum Fr. (Hebeloma) 253 sinuosum Fr. (Hebeloma) 254 sinuosus Fr. (Craterellus) 546 sinuosus Fr. (Polyporus) 616 siparia Fr. (Naucoria) 359 Sistotrema (Pers.) FT. 11, 591 sistotrema Fr. (Gyrodon) 557 sistrata Fr. (Lepiota) 78 Smithii Massee (Clitopilus) 312, 436 Smithii (Massee)W. G. Sm. (Eccilia)436 Smithii Lloyd (Geaster) 41 Smithii Massee (Psathyrella) 421 soboliferus (Fr.) Rea (Coprinus) 502 sobria FT. (Naucoria) 359 socialis Fr. (Clitocybe) 272 sociatus FT. (Coprinus) 516 Solani Burt (Corticium) 678 Solani PriU. & Del. (Corticium) 678 Solani Prill. & Del. (Hypochnus) 678 Solani Kiihn (Rhizoctonia) 678 Solenia (Hoffm.) 15, 701 solitaria Bull. (Amanita) 102 solitaria (Bull.) Fr. (Amanita) 101 solstitialis Fr. (Leptonia) 345 sordidum Weinm. (Hydnum) 624, 638 sordidum (Schum.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 242 sordidus Fr. (Tricholoma) 238 sororia Karst. (Pholiota) 123 sororia (Larb.).Cke. (Russula) 465 sororia (Larb.) FT. (Russula) 465 sororiatus Karst. (Pluteus) 57 Sowerbeii (B. & Br.) Massee (Stereum) 661 792 INDEX Sowerbeii B. & Br. (Thelephora) 661 Sowerbeji (B. & Br.) Pat. (Podoscypha) 661 spadicea (Fr.) Quel. (Psathyra) 367, 413 spadicea Fr. (Psilocybe) 367, 413 spadicea Fr. (Psilocybe) 268 spadiceogrisea (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psa- thyra) 369, 415 spadiceogrisea (Schaeff.) Boud. (Psilo- cybe) 246, 369, 415 spadiceum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 36 spadiceum Fr. (Stereum) 663 spadiceum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Sclero- derma) 49 spadiceus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Boletus) 564 spadiceus (Scop.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 308 Sparassis Fr. 14, 660 spartea Fr. (Galera) 409 spathulata (Schwein.) Rea (Odontia) 638, 648 spathulatum (Schwein.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 648 spathulatus (Schrad.) Fr. (Irpex) 611 spawn ix speciosa Fr. (Volvaria) 95 speciosa Fr. (Volvaria) 95, 96 spectabilis Fr. (Pholiota) 119 spectabilis Fr. (Pholiota) 111 speculum Fr. (Entoloma) 252 Spegazzinii Karst. (Coprinus) 513 speirea Fr. (Mycena) 393 speirea Fr. (Mycena) 432 speirea (Fr.) Quel. (Omphalia) 393, 432 spermaticum Paul. (Hypophyllum) 221 spennaticum (Paul.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 216 sphaerobasis v. Post (Galera) 407 Sphaerobolaceae 3, 5, 54 Sphaerobolus (Tode) Pers. 5, 54 sphaerocephalus Barla (Boletus) 558 sphaerospora von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Peniophora) 689 sphaerosporum (R. Maire) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Corticium) 658, 683 sphaerosporus Pat. (Claudopus) 453 sphaerosporus Rea (Hygrophorus) 305 sphaerosporus R. Maire (Hypochnus) 658, 683 sphagneti Fr. (Lactarius) 495 sphagnicola Berk. (Omphalia) 426 sphagnicola Berk. (Omphalia) 426 sphagnorum (Pers.) Fr. (Galera) 411 sphaleromorpha (Bull.) Fr. (Pholiota) 114 sphinctrinus Fr. (Panaeolus) 371 spicula Fr. (Galera) 409 spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire (Phylacteria) 654 spiculosa (Fr.) Bourd. & Maire (Phylacteria) 653, 657 spiculosa (Fr.) Burt (Thelephora) 654 spilomaeolus Fr. (Paxillus) 550 spilomeus Fr. (Cortinarius) 163 spilopus B. & Br. (Pluteus) 60 spinosulus Quel. (Lactarius) 493 spintrigera Fr. (Stropharia) 131 spinulosa (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 711 spinulosa Stev. & Sm. (Clitocybe) 283 spinulosa (Berk. & Curt.) Burt. (Eichleriella) 641, 667, 739 spinvlosum Berk. & Curt. (Radulum) 739 spiripes (Swartz) Sacc. (Mycena) 377 spissa Fr. (Amanita) 103 splachnoides (Hornem.) Rea (Andro- saceus) 531 splachnoides (Hornem.) Fr. (Maras- mius) 531 splendens (Pers.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 283 spodoleucus B. & Br. (Marasmius) 530 spodopileus Sacc. (Pluteus) 60 spongia Fr. (Polyporus) 582 spongiosus Fr. (Pleurotus) 442 sporidiola ix, xi Spraguei Berk. & Curt. (Coprinus) 512 spumeus (Sow.) Fr. (Polyporus) 590 spumosa Fr. (Flammula) 316 squalens Fr. (Psilocybe) 368 squalidus (Krombh.) Fr. (Lactarius) 485 squalidus Fr. (Merulius) 623 squalinum Fr. (Hydnum) 637 squamosa (Pers.) Fr. (Stropharia) 128 squamosum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hydnum) 632 squamosum Cke. (Hypholoma) 261 squamosum Cke. (Tricholoma) 227 squamosus Morgan (Coprinus) 501 squamosus (Schaeff.) Quel. (Lentinus) 537 squamosus (Huds.) Fr. (Polyporus) 579 squamulosa Massee (Stropharia) 126 squamulosus Rea (Hygrophorus) 295 squarrosa Rea (Inocybe) 204 squarrosa (Mull.) Fr. (Pholiota) 117 squarrulosum Bres. (Tricholoma) 225 stabularis Fr. (Coniophora) 627 stagnina (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 439 stagnina Fr. (Tubaria) 439 stannea Fr. (Mycena) 389 stans Fr. (Tricholoma) 218 staurospora Bres. (Nolanea) 401 stellaris Quel. (Coprinus) 514 stellata Fr. (Omphalia) 431 stellatus (Tode) Pers. (Sphaerobolus) 54 INDEX 793 stdlatus (Tode) Pers. (Sphaerobolus)54 stemmatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 180 stenodon (Pers.) Bourd. & Galz. (Acia) 638, 642 stenospora Bourd. & Galz. (Cyphella) 700 Stephensii Berk. (Marasmius) 521 Stephensii (Berk.) Tul. (Octaviania) 28 stercoraria Pr. (Stropharia) 129 stercorarius Fr. (Coprinus) 513 stercorarius Fr. (Coprinus) 513 stereoides Fr. (Polyporus) 609 stereoides Fr. (Polystictus) 609 stereoides Fr. (Polystictus) 616 Stereum (Pers.) Massee 14, 661, 667 sterigmata ix sterquilinus Fr. (Coprinus) 500 Stevensonii B. & Br. (Cantharellus) 545 Stevensonii B. & Br. (Collybia) 335 Stevensonii B. & Br. (Hydnum) 638, 647 Stevensonii B. & Br. (Hymenochaete) 668 Stevensonii (B. & Br.) Rea (Odontia) 638, 647 Stevensonii B. & Br. (Panus) 536 Stevensonii B. & Br. (Porothelium) 645, 703 stilbocephalus Berk. (Clitopilus) 312 stilbocephalus B. & Br. (Clitopilus) 312 Stilbum (Tode) Juel 17, 728 stillatitius Fr. (Cortinarius) 152 stillatus (Nees) Fr. (Dacryomyces) 741 stipata (Fr.) Quel. (Odontia) 638,646 stipatum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 646 stipitaria Fr. (Collybia) 333, 534 stipitarius (Fr.) Pat. (Crinipellis) 333, 534 stipticus (Bull.) Fr. (Panus) 535 stipticus (Pers.) Fr. (Polyporus) 590 stolonifera Jungh. (Collybia) 337, 521 stored Fr. (Hypholoma) 264 straminea Cotton (Clavaria) 716 stramineum Bres. (Gloeocystidium)684 straminipes Massee (Clitopilus) 313 strangulata (Fr.) Roze (Amanitopsis) 93 stratosum B. & Br. (Stereum) 666 striaepes (Seer.) Quel. (Boletus) 563 striaepes Cke. (Naucoria) 353 striaepilea Fr. (Omphalia) 425 striata (Hoffm.) Fr. (Calocera) 745 striata (Clavaria) 745 striata (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 717 striatulus (Fr.) Quel. (Calathinus) 452 striatulus Fr. (Pleurotus) 452 striatum (SchaefE.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 218 striatus (Huds.) Pers. (Cyathus) 46 striatus DC. (Geaster) 41 stricta Fr. (Calocera) 745 stricta (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 713 stricta (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 709 stridula Fr. (Collybia) 331 strigiceps Fr. (Flammula) 207, 323 strigiceps Fr. (Inocybe) 207 strigosissima Rea (Nolanea) 402 strigosum (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Corti- cium) 682 strobilaceus (Scop.) Fr. (Boletus) 556 strobilaceus (Scop.) Berk. (Strobilo- myces) 556 strobiliformis Fr. (Amanita) 102 strobiliformis (Paul.) Quel. (Amanita) 101 strobiliformis Vitt. (Amanita) 101 strobilina Fr. (Mycena) 376 Strobilomyces Berk. 10, 555 stroma xi Stropharia Fr. 7, 124 strophosum Fr. (Hebeloma) 256 stuppea B. & Br. (Cyphella) 699 stylobates (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 398 suaveolens Bull. (Boletus) 614 suaveolens ( Schum. ) Fr. ( Clitocybe ) 287 suaveolens (Schum. ) Fr. (Clitocybe) 289 suaveolens Rea (Marasmius) 523 suaveolens Rea (Marasmius) 523 suaveolens (Linn.) Fr. (Trametes) 615 suavis (Lasch) Fr. (Leptonia) 347 subalutacea (Batsch) Fr. (Clitocybe) 273 subalutacea Fr. (Clitocybe) 274 subalutacea (Karst.) von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Peniophora) 683, 688 subalutaceum Karst. (Corticium) 683, 688 subannulata Batsch (Armillaria) 106 subatrata (Batsch) Fr. (Psathyrella) 419 subbalteatus B. & Br. (Panaeolus) 372 subcava Schum. (Armillaria) 75 subcava (Schum.) Fr. (Armillaria) 110 subcollariatum B. & Br. (Hebeloma) 256 subcoronatum von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Corticium) 679 subcostatum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz. (Corticium) 639, 674 subcostatum (Karst.) Bourd. & Galz. (Corticium) 664 subcostatum Karst. (Stereum) 674 subcostatum (Karst.) Massee (Stereum) 664 subdealbata (B. & Br.) Massee (Conio- phora) 627, 683 subdealbatum B. & Br. (Corticium) 683 subdecastes Cke. & Massee (Clitocybe) 277 794 INDEX subdulcis (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 494 subericaea Fr. (Psilocybe) 362 subferrugineus (Batsch) FT. (Cortinar- ius) 182 subfoetens W. G. Sm. (Russula) 466 subfuscoflavida {Rostk. ) Massee (Poria) 606 subfuscoflavidus Rostk. (Polyporus) 606 subfuscus Karst. (Hypochnus) 655 subgelatinosa B. & Br. (Kneiffia) 650 subgelatinosa B. & Br. (Poria) 607 subgibbosa Fr. (Psaliota) 90 subglobosa (A. & S.) Fr. (Naucoria) 349 subglobosa (A. & S.) Cke. (Nolanea) 404 subhepatica (Batsch) Sacc. (Omphalia) 428 subinvoluta W. G. Sm. (Clitocybe) 282, 283 subinvolutus Batsch (Agaricus) 282 subinvolutus (Batsch) W. G. Sm. (Paxillus) 282, 551 sublanatus (Sow.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 159 sublateritia Schaeff. (Flammuloides) 260 sublateritium (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hypho- loma) 261 sublutea (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Pholiota) 122 sublutescens Henn. (Leptonia) 347 submarasmioides Speg. (Lepiota) 79 submutabile von Hoehn. & Litsch. (Corticium) 658, 683 submutabilis (von Hoehn. & Litsch.) Rea (Hypochnus) 658, 683 subnotatus Fr. (Cortinarius) 167 subpalmatus Fr. (Pleurotus) 443 subpulverulentum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricho- loma) 242 subpurpurascens Fr. (Cortinarius) 141 subradiatus (Schum.) Fr. (Hygro- phoms) 302 subramosus Bres. (Cantharellus) 544 subrimosa (Karst.) Sacc. (Inocybe) 207, 210 subrimosus Karst. (Clypeus) 210 subsaponaceum Karst. (Hebeloma) 257 subsquarrosa Fr. (Pholiota) 118 subtemulenta Lamb. (Naucoria) 358 subtile FT. (Hydnum) 638, 647 subtilis (Pers.) Fr. (Clavaria) 708 subtomentosus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 563 subulata Bourd. & Galz. (Peniophora) 688 subulata Fr. (Pterula) 724 subumbonatus Lindgr. (Lactarius) 495 subumbonatus (Lindgr.) Quel (Lac- tarius) 495 subvolvacea W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) 87 succinea Fr. (Collybia) 336 succineus Fr. (Dacryomyces) 741 sudans (A. & S.) Fr. (Dacryobolus) 645 sudans (A. & S.) Bres. (Odontia) 645, 703 sudora Fr. (Mycena) 383 sudum Fr. (Tricholoma) 228 suffrutescens (Brot.) Fr. (Lentinus) 539 suillus Fr. (Cortinarius) 157 sulcatum Lindgr. (Hebeloma) 253 sulfurea (Pers.) Quel. (Coniophora) 628, 658 sulphurea (Weinm.) Fr. (Armillaria) 109 sulphurea (Fr.) Massee (Coniophora) 628 sulphurea Quel. (Daedalea) 592 sulphurea (Schwein.) Rea (Odontia) 638, 649 sulphureum Fr. (Corticium) 628, 676 sulphur eum (Pers.) Bres. (Corticium) 658, 682 sulphureum Schwein. (Hydnum) 638, 649 sulphureum (Quel.) Bourd. & Galz. (Sistotrema) 592, 638 sulphureum (Bull.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 229 sulphureus Fr. (Boletus) 562 sulphurous (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 581 sulphureus (Bull.) Fr. (Polyporus) 582 sulphurinum Quel. (Tricholoma) 227 superba Massee (Flammula) 318 superba Jung. (Psathyra) 413 Swartzii Fr. (Omphalia) 433 sylvatica Schaeff. (Pratella) 89, 90 sylvatica (Schaeff.) Fr. (Psaliota) 89 sylvicola (Vitt.) FT. (Psaliota) 88 tabacina Sow. (Auricularia) 668 tabacina Cke. & Ellis (Grandinia) 655 tabacina (Sow.) Lev. (Hymenochaete) 668 tabacina (DC.) Fr. (Naucoria) 356 tabacinum (Sow.) Fr. (Stereum) 668 tabescens (Scop.) Rea (Armillaria) 110, 278 tabescens (Scop.) Rea (Armillaria) 313 tabescens (Scop.) Bres. (Clitocybe) 278 tabescens (Scop.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 110 tabidus Fr. (Lactarius) 496 tabularis (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 161 talus Fr. (Cortinarius) 139 talus Fr. (Cortinarius) 138 Tammii Fr. (Flammula) 314, 551 tardus Karst. (Coprinus) 508 Taylori Berk. (Volvaria) 95 Taylori Berk. (Volvaria) 94 INDEX 795 tegularis (Schum.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 366 Telamonia Fr. 168 telmatiaea Berk. & Cke. (Omphalia) 425 temperata B. & Br. (Volvaria) 95 temulenta Fr. (Naucoria) 357 tenacella (Pers.) Fr. (Collybia) 337, 521 tenax Fr. (Naucoria) 357 tenella Fr. (Mycena) 393 tenella (Batsch) Sacc. (Mycena) 397 tener Berk. (Bolbitius) 499 tener Berk. (Hymenogaster) 27 tenera (Schaeff.) Fr. (Galera) 407 tenerrima Massee & Crossl. (Clavaria) 720 tenerrima Berk. (Mycena) 399 tenerrima Berk. (Mycena) 400 tenue Pat. (Corticium) 684 tenuiceps Cke. & Massee (Tricholoma) 226 tenuicula Karst. (Psathyra) 415 tenuipes Cke. & Massee (Boletus) 560 tenuipes B. & Br. (Clavaria) 719 tenuipes (B. & Br.) Massee (Pistillaria) 719 tennis (Clavaria) 722 tenuis (Bolt.) Fr. (Mycena) 390 tenuis (Sow.) Fr. (Typhula) 722 tephrocephala Fr. (Pleurotus) 444 tephroleucus Fr. (Polyporus) 590 tephrotrichus Fr. (Pleurotus) 441 terginus Fr. (Marasmius) 521 Terrei (B. & Br.) Cke. (Lactarius) 495 terrestris Sow. (Boletus) 604 terrestris Fr. (Flammula) 322 terrestris (Peck) Burt (Merulius) 623 terrestris Massee (Peniophora) 693, 697 terrestris (Ehrh.) Big. & Guill. (Phylacteria) 653 terrestris (DC.) Fr. (Poria) 607 terrestris (A. & S.) W. G. Sm. (Sphaero- bolus) 55 terrestris (Ehrh.) Fr. (Thelephora) 653 terreum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 223 Terreyi B. & Br. (Lepiota) 76 terrigena Fr. (Pholiota) 112 Terryi B. & Br. (Trametes) 616 tesquorum Fr. (Collybia) 342 tesselatum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 36 tessulatus (Bull.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 442 testaceum (Batsch) Fr. (Hebeloma) 254 testaceus Cke. (Cortinarius) 143 testaceus Fr. (Gomphidius) 325 theiogalus (Bull.) Quel. (Lactarius) 485 theiogalus (Fr.) Plowr. (Lactarius) 489 Thelebolus 55 Thelephora (Ehrh.) Fr. 13, 15, 18, 651, 661, 737 thelephora Cke. & Massee (Collybia) 335 Thelephoraceae 11, 14, 660 Thompsonii B. & Br. (Entoloma) 249 thrausta Kalchbr. (Stropharia) 128 thrausta (Kalchbr.) Cke. (Stropharia) 128 Thuretiana (Lev.) Fr. (Exidia) 735 Thwaitesii B. & Br. (Hymenogaster) 27 Thwaitesii B. & Br. (Hysterangium) 25 tigrinellus Boud. (Coprinus) 514 tigrinum Fr. (Tricholoma) 233 tigrinus (Bull.) Fr. (Lentinus) 537 tintinnabulum Fr. (Mycena) 385 titubans (Bull.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 498 togatus (Kalchbr.) Cost. & Duf. (Phallus) 24 togularis (Bull.) Fr. (Pholiota) 113 Tomentella (Pers.) Pat. 13, 654 tomentella Bres. (Peniophora) 690 tomentosa (Jungh.) Quel. (Inocybe) 195 tomentosum Fr. (Radulum) 641 tomentosum Fr. (Radulum) 648 tomentosus Krombh. (Boletus) 564 tomentosus (Bull.) Fr. (Coprinus) 505 tomentosus (Otto) Cke. (Lactarius) 491 tomentosus Fr. (Polyporus) 574 tophaceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 157 torminosus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Lactarius) 479 tornata Fr. (Clitocybe) 276 tornata Fr. (Clitocybe) 275 torquatus Fr. (Marasmius) 529 torquescens Quel. (Marasmius) 523 torta Berk. (Tremella) 732, 741 tortilis (Bolt.) Boud. (Laccaria) 290 tortipes Massee (Entoloma) 252 tortuosus Fr. (Cortinarius) 184 tortus (Berk.) Massee (Dacryomyces) 732, 741 torulosus (Pers.) Fr. (Panus) 535 torvus Fr. (Cortinarius) 170 torvus Fr. (Cortinarius) 138 trabeus Fr. (Polyporus) 589 traganus Fr. (Cortinarius) 157 trama ix Trametes Fr. 12, 613 transilvanica Schulz. (Annularia) 82 translucens B. & Br. (Typhula) 722 trechispora (Berk.) Rea (Astrosporina) 209 trechispora Berk. (Inocybe) 209 trechisporum Berk. (Hebeloma) 209 Tremella (Dill.) Fr. 18, 729 Tremellaceae 18, 729 TREMELLALES xi, 2, 18, 729 Tremellodon Pers. 18, 736 tremelloides Wakef. & Pears. (Tulas- nella) 740 796 INDEX tremellosus (Schrad.) Fr. (Merulius) 620 tremulus (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 448 trepida Fr. (Psathyrella) 420 Tricholoma Fr. 7, 214 tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. (Flammula) 207, 322 tricholoma (A. & S.) Fr. (Inocybe) 207, 322 tricholoma (A. & S.) Quel. (Paxillus) 322, 323 triformis Fr. (Cortinarius) 177 trigonophylla (Lasch) Fr. (Tubaria) 438 trigonospermum Bres. (Corticium) 678 Trinii (Weinm.) Rea (Astrosporina) 211 Trinii (Weinm.) Bres. (Inocybe) 207 Trinii (Weinm.) Fr. (Inocybe) 211 triplex Jungh. (Geaster) 43 triscopa (Fr.) Quel. (Galera) 355 triscopa Fr. (Naucoria) 355 triste Boud. (Entoloma) 245 triste (Scop.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 224 triste (Scop.) Quel. (Tricholoma) 223 triumphans Fr. (Cortinarius) 133 trivialis Fr. (Lactarius) 483 Trogia Fr. 12, 541, 625 Trogii Fr. (Clitocybe) 274 Trogii Berk. (Trametes) 614 trullaeformis (Fr.) B. & Br. (Clitocybe) 281 truncata Fr. (Exidia) 734 truncatum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Hebeloma) 220, 258 truncatum (Schaeff.) Quel. (Tricho- loma) 220, 258 truncorum (Schaeff.) Fr. (Coprinus) 506 tuba Fr. (Clitocybe) 285 tubaeformis Fr. (Cantharellus) 543 Tubaria W. G. Sm. 8, 437 tubarius Quel. (Polyporus) 576 tubercularia Berk. (Tremella) 732 tuberculata (Pholiota) 120 tuberculosa (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pholiota) 120 tuberculosa (Schaeff.) Fr. (Pholiota) 118 tuberosa (Sow.) Fr. (Calocera) 718, 745 tuberosa (Sow.) Berk. (Clavaria) 718 tuberosa (Bull.) Fr. (Collybia) 334 tuberosa (Grev.) Fr. (Thelephora) 662 tuberosum Grev. (Merisma) 662 tuberosum (Grev.) Massee (Stereum) 662 tuberosus (Agaricus) 334 tuberosus (Bull.) Quel. (Boletus) 571 tuberosus Quel. (Coprinus) 513 Tulasnella Schroet. 19, 739 TULASNELLACEAE 19, 739 TULASNELLALES xi, 2, 19, 739 Tulostoma Pers. 5, 52 Tulostomataceae 3, 5, 51 tumidum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 228 tumulosa (Kalchbr.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 279 tumulosus Kalchbr. (Agaricus) 279 turbinatus (Bull.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 142 Turci Bres. (Russula) 478 turgidus (Agaricus) 269 turgidus Fr. (Cortinarius) 154 turmalis Fr. (Cortinarius) 133 turpis (Weinm.) Fr. (Lactarius) 480, 486 turundus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 305 tylicolor Fr. (Collybia) 342 Tylopilus Karst. 9, 554 Typhae (Pers.) Fr. (Corticium) 671, 682 Typhae (Pers.) Pat. (Epithele) 671, 682 Typhula (Pers.) Fr. 16, 720 uda (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Acia) 638, 641 uda (Pers.) Quel. (Flammuloides) 363 uda von Hoehn. (Protodontia) 736 uda (Pers.) Fr. (Psilocybe) 363 udum Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 641 Ulicis Plowr. (Ditiola) 742 uliginosa Fr. (Naucoria) 359 uliginosus Berk. (Cortinarius) 165 ulmarius (Sow.) Fr. (Fomes) 595 ulmarius (Bull.) Fr. (Pleurotus) 442 Ulocolla Bref. 735, 736 umbella (Paul.) Quel. (Amanita) 102 umbellatus Fr. (Lentinus) 539 umbella tus Fr. (Polyporus) 580 umbellifera (Schaeff.) Quel. (Mycena) 389 umbellifera (Linn.) Fr. (Omphalia) 429 umbellifera (Linn.) Fr. (Omphalia) 430 umbilicata (Schaeff.) FT. (Omphalia) 423 umbilicatus Fr. (Geaster) 41 umbonata Quel. (Nolanea) 401 umbonatus (Gmel.) Fr. (Cantharellus) 543 umbratica Quel. (Inocybe) 209 umbratilis Fr. (Omphalia) 432 umbrina (Ferry) Maire (Amanita) 98 umbrina Fr. (Amanita) 100 umbrina Berk. (Clavaria) 708 umbrina ( A. &S.) Bres. (Coniophorella) 628 umbrina Fr. (Poria) 602 umbrina (Vitt.) Fr. (Psaliota) 87 umbrinella Sacc. (Clavaria) 708 umbrinellus (Sommerf.) Fr. (Pluteus) 62 INDEX 797 umbrinum (A. & S.) FT. (Corticium)628 umbrinum Pers. (Lycoperdon) 33 umbrinus Cke. & Massee (Coprinus) 500 umbrinus W. G. Sm. (Hygrophorus) 299 umbrinus (Fr.) Quel. (Hypochnus) 653, 654 umbrinus (Pers.) Fr. (Lactarius) 486 umbrosus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 58 umbrosus (Pers.) Fr. (Pluteus) 250 uncialis (Grev.) Quel. (Ceratella) 723 uncialis Grev. (Clavaria) 720, 723 uncialis (Grev.) Cost. & Dufour (Pistil- laria) 723 undata Berk. (Collybia) 333, 522 undata (Fr.) Quel. (Eccilia) 310, 312 undatus Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 undatus (Berk.) Quel. (Marasmius) 333, 522 und.atus Pers. (Polyporus) 687 undulata (Bull.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 271 undulata Fr. (Thelephora) 662 undulatum (Fr.) Massee (Stereum) 662 undulatus (Fr.) Sacc. (Polyporus) 589 unguentatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 223 unguinosus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 309 unicolor Bolt. (Boletus) 618 unicolor (Bull.) Fr. (Daedalea) 618 unicolor (Fl. Dan.) Fr. (Pholiota) 123 unimodus Britz. (Cortinarius) 188 Upsaliensis Fr. (Stropharia) 127 uraceus Fr. (Cortinarius) 187 urania Fr. (Mycena) 391 urbicus Fr. (Cortinarius) 169 urens Bull. (Marasmius) 518 urens (Bull.) Fr. (Marasmius) 518 urticaecola (B. & Br. ) BuUer (Coprinus) 419, 512 urticaecola B. & Br. (Psathyra) 419, 512 ustale Fr. (Tricholoma) 218 USTILAGINEAE xi, 16, 726 utilis (Weinm.) Fr. (Lactarius) 482 uvidus Fr. (Lactarius) 483 uvidus Fr. (Lactarius) 481, 484, 485 Vaccinii (Fuck.) Woron. (Exobasidium) 725 vaccinum (Pers.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 222 vaccinus Fr. (Boletus) 568 vaga Fr. (Phlebia) 625, 658 vaginata (Bull.) Roze (Amanitopsis)92 vagum Berk. & Curt. (Corticium) 678 i-agum Berk. & Curt. (Corticium) 678 Vahlii (Schum.) Fr. (Pholiota) 112 Vaillantii (Pers.) Fr. (Marasmius) 525 Vaillantii (DC.) Fr. (Poria) 603, 703 Vaillantii (Fr.) Quel. (Porothelium) 603, 703 valgus Fr. (Cortinarius) 167 vaporaria (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 602 vaporaria (Otto) W. G. Sm. (Psaliota) variabilis Cda. (Chaetoscypha) 701 variabilis (Pers.) W. G. Sm. (Claudopus) 453, 456 variabilis (Pers.) Quel. (Crepidotus) 453, 456 varicosus Fr. (Marasmius) 520 varicosus Fr. (Marasmius) 520 variecolor B. & Br. (Boletus) 569 variecolor (Pers.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 136 variecolor Fr. (Hydnum) 592, 638 variecolor (Fr.) Bourd. & Galz. (Sistotrema) 592 variegata (Fr.) Cost. & Dufour (Lenzites) 613 variegatum (Scop.) Fr. (Tricholoma) 219 variegatus (Swartz) Fr. (Boletus) 562 variegatus (Seer.) Fr. (Fomes) 596 variegatus (Vitt.) Tul. (Melanogaster) 48 variegatus (Polyporus) 596 varius (Schaeff.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 135 varius Fr. (Polyporus) 577 vatricosa Fr. (Inocybe) 205 vegetum (Fr.) Romell (Ganoderma) 597 vegetus Fr. (Polyporus) 598 veil partial x veil universal x velatum Vitt. (Lycoperdon) 34 vellereum Ellis & Cragin (Corticium) 674 vellereus Fr. (Lactarius) 486 velox Godey (Coprinus) 515 veluticeps Cke. & Massee (Flammula) 313 velutina Quel. (Omphalia) 430 velutina (DC.) Cke. (Peniophora) 683, 692, 697 velutinum (DC.) Fr. (Corticium) 683, 692 velutinum (Pers.) Fr. (Hypholoma) 132, 265 velutinus Bertillon (Lactarius) 487 velutinus Fr. (Polystictus) 608 velutipes (Curt.) Fr. (Collybia) 332 velutipes (Curt.) Quel. (Pleurotus) 332 venetus Fr. (Cortinarius) 168 venosum Gillet (Entoloma) 251 ventricosa (BuU.) Fr. (Collybia) 335 ventricosa Massee (Stropharia) 129 ventricosus B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 300 venustissima Fr. (Clitocybe) 273 verecunda Fr. (Nolanea) 405 vennicularis Fr. (Clavaria) 716 798 INDEX vermicular is Fr. (Clavaria) 717 vermicularis Fr. (CUtocybe) 284 vermicularis (Pers.) Fr. (Daedalea) 619 vermiformis B. & Br. (Dacryomyces) 742 verna (Bull.) Fr. (Amanita) 98 verna (Lam.) Fr. (Amanita) 98 vernicosa Fr. (Clitocybe) 272 vernicosus (Bull.) DC. (Cyathus) 47 verrucosum (Vaill.) Pers. (Sclero- derma) 50 verruculosa (Lasch) Fr. (Pholiota) 118 versatilis Fr. (Nolanea) 402 versicolor With. (Agaricus) 109 versicolor W. G. Sm. (Armillaria) 109 versicolor W. G. Sm. (Armillaria) 125 versicolor Rostk. (Boletus) 564 versicolor (Linn.) Fr. (Polystictus) 609 versicolor (With.) Fr. (Stropharia) 125 versicolor (With.) Quel. (Stropharia) 130 versicolor Berk. (Tremella) 732 versiformis (Fr.) (Nolanea) 405 versipelle Fr. (Hebeloma) 255 versipellis Fr. (Boletus) 572 versutus Peck (Crepidotus) 455 verticalis (Tremella) 730 vertirugis Cke. (Collybia) 333, 522 vervacti Fr. (Naucoria) 355 vesca Fr. (Russula) 476 vesicaria Sm. (Tremella) 731 vespertinus Fr. (Cortinarius) 148 veternosa Fr. (Russula) 473 viarum Fr. (Clitopilus) 311 vibecina Fr. (Clitocybe) 285 vibratilis Fr. (Cortinarius) 152 vietus Fr. (Lactarius) 489 vilis Fr. (Clitopilus) 312 vilis Fr. (Clitopilus) 310 vittatica Brond. (Psaliota) 82 villatica (Brond.) Magn. (Psaliota) 88 villosa (Pers.) Karst. (Cyphella) 700 villosus (Bull.) Quel. (Pluteus) 58 vinaceus (Scop.) Fr. (Nolanea) 404 vinosa (Bull.) Fr. (Flammula) 313 vinosa (Cda.) B. & Br. (Psathyra) 414 vinosus Cke. (Cortinarius) 158 violacea (Awd.)Schroet. (Hypochnella) 659 violacea Pat. (Inocybe) 197 violacea (A. & S.) Fr. (Poria) 605 violacea Quel. (Russula) 468 violacea (Relh.) Fr. (Tremella) 731 violaceifolia Peck (Inocybe) 199 violaceofusca Cke. & Massee (Inocybe) 163, 207 violaceofuscus (Cke. & Massee) Massee (Cortinarius) 163, 207 violaceolivida (Sommerf . ) Bres. ( Penio- phora) 683, 695 violaceolividum (Sommerf.) Fr. (Cor- ticium) 683, 695 violaceus (Linn.) Fr. (Cortinarius) 155 violaceus (Pers.) Quel. (Irpex) 610 violaceus Cke. (Lactarius) 493 violarius Massee (Pluteus) 58 violascens Seer. (Agaricus) 468 violascens (Otto) Fr. (Lactarius) 485 violascens (Otto) Fr. (Lactarius) 483 violascens (Otto) Quel. (Lactarius) 485 violea (Quel.) Bourd. & Galz. (Tulas- nella) 739 violeipes (Quel.) Maire (Russula) 477 violeus Quel. (Hypochnus) 739 viperina Fr. (Volvaria) 96 virens Scop. (Agaricus) 274 virens (Bull.) Quel. (Mycena) 379 virescens (Vaill.) Quel. (Amanita) 98 virescens Cda. (Naematelia) 733 virescens (Cke. & Massee) Masset (Psilocybe) 364 virescens (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 460 virescens (Schum.) Quel. (Tremella) 733 virescens Cke. (Tricholoma) 224 virescens Wharton (Tricholoma) 224 virgatum Fr. (Tricholoma) 228 virginea Cke. & Massee (Russula) 464 virgineus (Wulf.) Fr. (Hygrophorus) 300 viridans Berk. (Poria) 604 viride (A. & S.) Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 651 viridiflava Barla (Armillaria) 109 viridis (A. & S.) Pat. (Caldesiella) 638, 651 viridis Scop. (Clitocybe) 274 viridis (With.) Fr. (Clitocybe) 274 viridis (Schrad.) Quel. (Lactarius) 482 viridis (A. & S.) Quel. (Odontia) 651 viridis Fl. Dan. (Omphalia) 429 virosa Fr. (Amanita) 98 viscidus (Linn.) Fr. (Boletus) 559 viscidus (Linn.) Fr. (Gomphidius) 325 viscosa (Pers.) Fr. (Calocera) 744 viscosa (Berk.) Rea (Exidia) 735 viscosa (Seer.) R. Maire (Mycena) 396 viscosa Berk. (Tremella) 735 vitellina (Pers.) Bataille (Russula) 478 vitellina (Pers.) Fr. (Russula) 478 vitellina Plowr. (Thelephora) 661 vitellinus (Pers.) Fr. (Bolbitius) 497 vitellinus Fr. (Hygrophorus) 304 vitilis Fr. (Mycena) 392 vitrea Fr. (Mycena) 390 vitrea (Pers.) Fr. (Poria) 599 Vittadinii (Moretti) Vitt. (Amanita) 102 Vittadinii (Moretti) Fr. (Lepiota) 72 vittaeformis Fr. (Galera) 410 volemus Fr. (Lactarius) 493 INDEX 799 volva x volvacea Bull. (Volvaria) 95 volvacea (Bull.) FT. (Volvaria) 94 Tolvaceominimus Crossland (Coprinus) 510 Volvaria Fr. 6, 94 vorticosum Fr. (Stereum) 664 vulgare Tul. (Crucibulum) 46 vulgare (Hornem.) Fr. (Scleroderma) 49 vulgare (Tode) Juel (Stilbum) 728 vulgaris Tul. (Hymenogaster) 26 vulgaris (Pers.) Fr. (Mycena) 397 vulgaris Fr. (Polyporus) 598 vulgaris Fr. (Poria) 598 vulgaris Pers. (Telephora) 701 vulpinus (Sow.) Fr. (Lentinus) 540 Wakefieldiae Bres. (Corticium) 675 Weinmannii Fr. (Hydnum) 638, 642 White! B. & Br. (Inocybe) 197 Wieslandri Fr. (Naucoria) 360 Worthingtonii Fr. (Stropharia) 128 Wynnei B. & Br. (Entoloma) 248 Wynnei B. & Br. (Marasmius) 519, 521 Wynnei B. & Br. (Polyporus) 588 Wynniae B. & Br. (Hiatula) 81 Wynniae B. & Br. (Hygrophorus) 306, 431 xanthoderma Genev. (Psaliota) 85 xanthophyUa Bres. (Pholiota) 114 xanthophyllus Cke. (Cortinarius) 142 xanthopus Fr. (Collybia) 336 xanthopus Pers. (Merulius) 544 zerampelina Schaeff. (Russula) 475 xerampelina (Schaeff.) Fr. (Russula) 471, 476 xerotoides von Post (Marasmius) 527 Xerotus FT. 9, 536 xylophila (Weinm.) Fr. (CoUybia) 332 zephirus Fr. (Mycena) 377 zonarius (BuU.) Fr. (Lactarius) 481 zonarius (Bull.) Quel. (Lactarius) 481 zonatum (Batsch) Fr. (Hydnum) 635 zonatus Fr. (Polystictus) 608 zygodesmoides (Ellis) Burt (Hypo- chnus) 657 zygophylla Cke. & Massee (Clitocybe) PRINTED IN ENGLAND BY J. B. PEACE, M.A., AT THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRE83 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY AA 000913621 9