UC-NRLF ^..iMTjasit jir 3«8Pwrj«OMPK ^B 3Db IbM im mi m »« A Text-Book on Commercial Law. A Manual of tlie Fundamental Principles Governing- Business Transactions. For the Use of Commercial Colleges, High Sch< iinsellor-at- La\^ prin The« and com] oommerc CoUeg-es. The plai Afte: and of CO Tart I. tr sions, tre tourth di R-eneral i kinds of ; of Goods, the princ The( ful, and those pui others:—' impresses rules at papers m cross-ref( The I country. From I find account of of commei ou the sul Send to m Please for The B. i You may 6 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA £DDCATIOK L12HU GIFT OF The Estate of Miss Bertha Newell iandsomely t simply, psactlons of pommerelal d State law, b two parts. i three divi- Bhlp, with a I few others prominent fbjects. Sale pplication of btically use- I subservfhfif ares amongr [go. subject; of leading of business amples and lieges of the <{nta, Oa. sxt book, on ce on points ;onci?e work Please ship ua lou V/iarK a commercial i^aw. Please send ^. 14, 1883. >ER, Prop'r. g. 1, 1882. d, Principal. V. 25, 1882. f, Principals. [le. 8. 1882. iiuvvji & I'UWJJJllS, Prop'rp. Lawrkncb Business College, Lawrence, Kan., Au£j. 25, 1882. us 100 copies of Clark's Commercial Law. BOOR & McILRAVY, Prop'rs. New Jebbet Business College, Newark, N. J., Sept. 22, 1882. Please send us, by express, 60 Clark's Commercial Law. MILLER & DRAKE, Principals. Clark & Maynard, Publishers, New York. A Commercial Arithmetic; DESIGNED FOR Acaiemles, Higli Sclools, Gonntiiig Roonis and Business Colleges. By JAMES B. THOMSON, LL.D., AurnoR op a Mathematical Series. This work has been prepared with sole reference to a business education in its higher departments. To this end, subjects fully ex- plained in the author's elementary Arithmetic or an equivalent, and with which the student is supposed to be familiar, are omitted. In the fundamental rules, many labor-saving methods of operation are given under the appropriate name " Counting Room Methods." Business forms in great variety are intrcxluced, and their nature and usesexi>lained. The manner of keeping Book Accounts, Averaging Payments, Partnership Settlements, etc., is fully explained and illus- trated. The chapter on the Metric System of Weights and Measures in- cludes all the latest recommendations of the Metric Bureau. The facts and methods, procured from reliable persons who are thoroughly versed in their several departments, are autJientic business facts, and in accordance with the present usage. Special care has been devoted to the chapter on Stocks and Bonds, and to Stock Exchange l)usiuess, which is a full and rf^liable summary of affairs as now conducted on the New York Stock Exchange. The examples embrace true specimens of daily operations in Wall Street. The chapters on Banking, Clearing Houses, and Custom House business have also been subjected to the most careful scrutiny, as also Life Insurance, Annuities, Sinking Funds, etc. The exam])les are all new, and have been selected with a special view to their practical application to business, and not as a trial of the mathematical skill of the learner. " I can say that I conplder it an excellent work and well adapted to the wants of our public schools."— W. W. CWrum. Prin. of High School, Springfield, Mass. •' If any young man masters its contents he will start in life with a very creditable knowled e of the way in which the busi- ness of the world is transacted, and will be able to do his share of it, too "— C. C. Sfaufer, AM., Prin. qf Uigh School, Wil- liairwport. Pa. "It is excellent. We like it exceeding- ly."— t7i?n>m« Allen, State NoniuU School, St. Cloud, Minn. "It is doubtful whether a man better fitted than Dr. Thomson to write such a b()f>k could be found Ilis books, as all v' nted with them know, have -tronirly toward tlie prac- -ubji'c't treated, and when II (unit - ill a work liko this he is at home. It IS iinpo-^ihle to go into particulars without <)(C!i|)ying too much space Suf- fice it to .mely illustrated by engravings especially prepared for the book. 3. An Ulementarjr Frencli Grammar. S64 pages, i2mo. This work is designed for students of the grammar department. Its purpose is lo train them in the principles of French grammar, and to accustom them by oral instruction to the use of the French language. 3« An Analytical and Practical French Orammar. 524 pages, 12mo. This book, containing the advantage of the oral and the analytical method of instruction, comprises all that is necessary to teach the French language eucces- fully, both theoretically and practically. It is a complete grammar, in which the principles of the language are developed in a logical and efficient manner. 4L, A Key to the En;;Ii!«h Fxcrci§e8 in the Analytical and Practical French Orammar. i2mo. cioth. 75 cents. 5* A Collegriate Course in the French Lianguage, eomprising a complete Grammar, in two parts. Arranged and prepared for the Study of French in Colleges and Collegiate Institutions. Part First : A Treatise on French Pronunciation ; Rules on Gender ; Etymology ; Exercises for Transla- tion; the Latin Elements common to both the French and the English. Part Second : Syntax ; a Collection of Idioms ; Exercises for Translation, and Voca- bulary. 6. A Key to the Engrlish Exercises, m Part second of L CoiXEQiATE CoxTRss IK THB FRENCH Languags. (For Teachers only.) 7, An Analytical French Reader ; with English Exercises for Translation and Oral Exercises for Practice in Speaking ; Questions on Gram- mar, with References to the Author's several Grammars. Notes and Vocabulary. In T-wo Parts. Part Fikst : Selections of Fables, Anecdotes, and Short Stories. Pab^ Second : Selections from the best Modern Writers. 320 pages, 12mo. HTITT PREFACE. U i hrc{ r j This volume takes its appropriate place, as A Child's First Book in French, by tlie side of my Elementary French Grammar, and my Analytical and Practical French Gram- mar. The three works are not necessarily connected; each takes up the subject at its first principles, but in each a dif- ferent mode of instruction is adopted, suited to the different ages of the scholars for whom the books are written. The present work is intended for children who can read, but who have not yet any knowledge of the grammar of their own language. For this class of scholars object-teach- ing seems the most suitable ; that is, connecting the instruc- tion with an object presented to the eye. This mode has been generally followed in the lessons in this book. Pictures have been prepared for the purpose, and the lessons, in Part First, directly refer to the objects in the pictures. Each lesson is headed by a name, which, in connection with the illustration, helps to impress the subject-matter of the les- son upon the mind, enables the student to recall it more readily, and creates a more lively interest. In Part Second, the lessons refer to the illustrations in part First, recall the name of each picture, enlarge upon the subject, and, by associating new ideas with it, keep alive the interest. The English is given in all the reading lessons, word for word, underneath the French, so that the students may know the meaning of each word which they pronounce, without referring to the vocabularies. This plan possesses, 507 4 PREFACE. besides, the advantage of showing the difference in the con- struction of the two languages. A correct English version of the French exercises follows in Part Third. Finally, Part Fourth contains a glance at the parts of speech, with paradigms of the auxiliary verbs and of the four regular conjugations, as an introduction to the study of grammar. The lessons are progressive. Beginning with the simple elements, they gradually advance, and develop, in a practical course, the first principles, which are the groundwork of grammar. It may perhaps be urged as an objection that the develop- ment is too rapid, and that the lessons towards the end of Part Second are too complicated. This ground of objection is more apparent than real. The book contains matter for a two years' course of instruction, which may even be ex- tended beyond that period. Students who enter upon the course at nine or ten years of age, will not have completed it before they are twelve or thirteen. The average intellect of that age can understand all the English in the exercises, and hence can acquire a practical knowledge of the same in French. The favor with which my former works of this series have been received by eminent teachers in New York and other cities, and by an appreciative public in general, leads me to believe that this volume will meet with a kind reception, and will readily secure for itself a careful inspection. My thanks are due in advance to all who, after a thorough examination of it, will express a candid criticism. THE AUTHOR. Brooklyn", March, 1875. tlAA^ tjU^ \yjl-^y OOK"TENTS. Page Preface 3 Contents 5 To Teachers 7 iNTBOnUOTION. 9 Alphabet 9 Orthographic Signs 10 Vowel-Sounds 10 Diphthongs 11 Consonants H Liquid Letters l^i Final Letters 12 Division of Words into Syllables. ... 12 Elision 12 Exercises in Pronouncing 13 " on Words Common to both Langnaijes 15 Proper Names of Persons and of Cities 18 Part Fiust 19 Charles and Mary 20 Papa and Mamma 21 Father, Mother and Child 22 The Gate of the Garden 23 Henry's Boat 24 My Uncle and Aunt 25 The Dog Turco 26 The Friends 27 TheWalk 28 The Uncle and the Little One 29 The Nnrsery 30 Studying 31 To School... 32 The Days of the Week 33 In the Parlor 84 The Present a5 At Breakfast 36 After the Meal 87 Paob At a Picnic 38 At the Banquet 39 The Dance on the Sward 40 The Return 41 At Work 42 The Canary Birds 43 Under the Trees 44 The Race 45 Mine and Thine 46 The New Clothes 47 The Choice 43 These and Those 49 The Salutation 50 An Acquaintance 51 The Vihit 52 On Horseback and in a Carriage 53 Sunrise 54 TheDepaiture 55 On the Ice 66 The Weather 57 Mamma's Birthday 58 The Evening Party 59 The Governess 60 Part Second 61 Charles and Mary,— Continued 63 Father, Mother and Child " 64 Henry's Boat " 65 The Dog Turco " 66 Tie Walk " 67 The Nursery ** 68 To School *• 69 In the Parlor " 70 At Breakfast " 71 At a Picnic *' 72 The Dance on the Sward " 73 At Work " 74 Under the Trees ** 75 6 CONTENTS. Page Mine and Thine Continued 76 The Choice *' 77 The Salutation " 78 TheViat " 79 Sunrise " 80 On the Ice " 81 Mamma's Birthday " 82 A Visit to the Market. 83 Our House 85 The Parlor 88 The Library 91 The Dining-room 93 The Kitchen 95 My Room 98 Part Third 119 A Correct English Version of tlie French Exercises in Part First and Part Second 121 Pagc Part Poukth 147 A Glance at tlie Parts of Speech 147 Definitions of the Parts of Speech.. 147 The Noun 143 The Article 149 The Adj ective 149 The Pronoun 154 The Verb 156 Avoir, to have 156 Stre, to be 158 Parler, to speak 159 Finir, to finish 161 Recevoir, to receive 162 Vendre, to sell 164 The Adverb 165 The Preposition 166 The Conjunction 167 The Interjection 167 At the suggestion of many of the friends of this little volume, the author has added the following HISTORIETTES. Text. Note*. 1. Les Peches.... X Mat-mier 101 139 2. Les Praises Schmid 103 140 3. Les Cerises " 104 140 4. Les Prunes " 106 141 5. Le Pot de Miel " 107 142 6. Le Navet " 109 142 7. La Probite Re'compensee Maritan 110 143 8. L* Ogre Schmid 113 144 9. La Mendiante " 115 145 10. La Cigale et la Fourmi La Fontaine 118 146 TO TEACHEES. This work contains Four Parts and an Introduction. The Introduction treats of the letters and their sounds, and gives a few exercises in pronouncing. The explanations on the sounds of the letters are not written for the children. The scholars should learn the names of the letters, either the new names or the old. The exercises in pronouncing may at first be omit ted. It is not deemed expedient to' teach pronunciation to children bj means of abstract sounds. The better way is to teach them to pronounce short words of simple import, the names of objects with which they are acquainted. The first lessons in Part First have been framed with this view; take, for instance, the following sen- tence, which contains six pure vowel sounds: 0\^ est le de de Marie ? 9. 4. 2. 3. 2. 1. 5. (p. 10.) When they can pronounce such a sentence well, they should be taught to give the simple vowel-sounds which it contains, and be referred to the part of the introduction that treats of them. While students are progressing in the course, it will be found ben- eficial to resort from time to time to the exercises in pronouncing, and to keep up this practice throughout. Part First contains twenty illustrations. There are connected with each illustration two French reading exercises, with the English, word for word, underneath the French. The sentences, which are simple, but progressive, refer to the objects in the pictures. Each exercise is preceded by a vocabulary, which contains the words that are used for the first time in these lessons. The students should learn to pronounce the words in the vocabu- lanes from the teacher, who should recite them with the class, until they can pronounce each word correctly. The French sentences of the exercise should be read to the class ; the scholars should, in turn, follow the pronunciation of the teacher. They should understand the French when the teacher pronounces it, and be able to translate it, without looking in the book. 8 TO TEACHEB8. After a lesson has been learned, the teacher should refer to Part Thiid, and call the attention of the students to any difference which exists in the construction of the two languages. The facts indicative of principles in Etymology are given in the vocabularies, and afterwards illustrated in the exercises. The teacher should call the attention of the class to these facts, and explain them, as far as the students are able to understand them. These facts gradually unfold the leading principles in Etymology. The treatment of the verb does not extend beyond the tenses of the indic- ative mode, the infinitive and the imperative. When the class has reached the end of Part First, the study of which ought to occupy them for the term of one school-year, they should review, by translating the correct English version in Part Third into French, and, if practicable, they should write the sentences on the blackboard. Part Second contains no further development of principles. The Exercises refer to tlie illustrations in Part First, explore the ground more thoroughly, add to the knowledge of words, and generally assume the form of conversations, by questions and answers. When this part is reached, the teacher may vary the sentences in the les- son, by incorporating the known elements in new forms of expres- sion. It is the intention of the author to have the illustrations enlarged for wall-tableaux, to be used witK the class for such a pur- pose. Part Second is to be treated in the same manner as Part First, and is to occupy the class another year. At the close of the second year, the scholars are supposed to be sufficiently advanced in their English studies to begin the study of Grammar, in Part Fourth. As they become gradually acquainted with the different parts of speech, they should learn to distinguish them in their reading exercises. For this purpose, a section of a lesson, towards the close of Part Second, beginning with the Market, for instance, may be selected, from which they should write down, in French and English, first, all the nouns, then the adjectives, pro. nouns, etc. They may afterwards write the same exercises from dictation, compose similar exercises, and use the same elements in a variety of ways. It is one of the secrets of the profession, to vary the food, in order to excite the appetite ; to which may be added another one, expressed in the Latin adage, Festina lente. INTEODUOTIOK The French Alphabet. Ola Names. New Names. 3 Old Names. New Names.* A, a, ah, 4 K, n, euii, lie. B, b, bay, be. 0, 0, o. 4 C, c, say. se. P, P, •piiy. pe. D, a, day. (le. 0, q, 3 > que. E, e, eh, e». E, r, err. re. r, f, eff, fe. S. s. ess, se. G, g, jay'> gue. T, t, tay. te. H, h, ash. he. U, n. > 4 I, i, ee. V^ V, V, vay, ve. J, j, jee". je. W.w, double vay, ve. K, k, kah, ke. X, X, ix. kze. L, 1, el, le. Y. y, ee-greck, 4 M, m, emm, me. le above letters six Z, z, zed, is ; viz. : ze. Oft! are vowel a, e, i, 0, X '. y-' The others are consonants. The 10 is not a French letter. It is found in a few for, eign words which have been introduced into the French language, and is pronounced the same as the v, » The J* is pronounced with a soft breatliing, the same as 8 In pUaswe. « The q and u have m corn'?pondinf|: sounds in Engliph. » The e in this column has nearly the sound of u in burr. * Old name. • The y has the same pound as the i. 1* 10 INTRODUCTION. 1, Orthographic Signs* The written language has accents, cedilla, dicerem, apostrophe, hyphen, and the ordinary punctuation marks. There are three accents : The acute accent (') ; as, e ; The grave accent (') ; as, e, d, u ; Tiie circuinjlex accent (^) ; as, d, e, i, 6, U. An accent over the vowel e indicates a modification of its sound : The e {acute) has the sound of the English letter a ; The e {grave) has the sound of ai in fair; The e {circumflex) has the same sound as e, but broader. The cedilla ( J is placed under the c (9) when c has the sound of » before a, 0, u; otherwise, it sounds, before these vowels, the same as k. The diceresis {") is placed over a vowel which begins a new sylla- ble after another vowel ; as, mais (ma-is). The apostrophe (') indicates the suppression of a vowel ; as, I'ami for le ami ; I'homme for le homme. The hyphen (-) serves to connect two or more words, or parts of a word ; as, ai-je ; arc-en-ciel. 2. Vowel' Sounds, There are nine pure vowel-sounds, and four nasal vowel-sounds. 1, Pure Vowel- Sounds. The pure vowel-sounds are : a, e, e, e or §, i or y, o, u, eu, ou. The following compound vowels represent some of the pure vowel sounds : ea sounds as a. aie, ais, or ait, sounds as ^. ee ** " e. au, or eau '* " 0. ai •* *' e. oeu ** ** eu. 2. Nasal Vowel- Sounds. The four nasal vowel-sounds are : an, in, on, un. INTRODUCTIOIf, U M, preceded by a vowel, has the nasal sound of n. Em, or en, has the nasal sound of an; but en, preceded by i, has the nasal sound of in. The nasal sounds are represented by an "] in ' am im en 1 ~ ' ain om um) emj aim J M and n, when doubl e or followed by a vowel, are not nasal. S, Diphthongs, A diphthong is a combination of two vowel-sounds which are both heard in pronouncing. Pure diphthongs, ia, ie, leu, oi, one, oui, ui, etc. Nasal diphthongs, ian, ien, ion, oin, uin, etc. 4, Consonants, The consonants are pronounced the same as in English, with some exceptions. O before e, i, y, or 9 before a, u, has the sound of s ; c, in all oilier cases, has the sound of k. Oh, followed by a vowel, has generally the sound of sh ; but ch, followed by a consonant, has the sound of k. Oh lias the sound of k in words from the Greek and Hebrew ; as, echo, Oham. G before e, i, y, has the sound of s in pleasure ; before a, 0, u, it has the sound of the English g in gate. H is silent. It is called aspirate when a preceding vowel (e or a) is not elided before it (8). S has the hissing sound of c at the beginning of a word or sylla ble ; but between two vowels, it has the sound of z. Double s (««), between two vowels, has always the sound of c. Sch has the sound of sh. T has, in some words, the sound of e ; as, nation. Th is sounded like t ; as, the. X is a double letter. It sometimes represents the sound of gz ; AS, exrmen; sometimes of kz ; as, maxima; sometimes of ««/ as, soixante; and sometimes of z; as, deuxieme. 12 INTRODUCTION. 5, Liquid Letter s^ G and 1 are called liquid letters when tliey are pronounced so smoothly that their natural sounds are not heard. G is liquid before n, as in the English word mignonette. li is generally liquid when it is preceded by i. The liquid sound of 1 is heard in the English word brilliant. 6, Final Letters, Unaccented final e is silent in words of more than one syllable. A final consonant is generally silent. But a final consonant before a word that begins with a vowel or an unaspirated h, is generally pronounced with the next syllable; as, Vous ^tes men ami, pro- nounced Vou zet mo nami. Final d before a vowel is sounded like t : quand iL ** f ** ** " " v : neuf heures. g " " " " Jc : ran^leve. *' s or X *' " " *• z : ils ont deux"enfants. The t of et {and) and the z of assez {enough) are never pronounced. 7. Division of Words into Syllables, In dividing words into syllables, a single consonant between two vowels belongs to the vowel that follows ; as, raser {ra-ser). The first part of a double consonant belongs to the vowel that pre- cedes ; the second, to the vowel that follows ; the latter only is pro- nounced ; as, addition, pronounced a-di-cion. Two consonants in the middle of a word are separated ; as, parler (par-ler) ; except the following combinations, which are inseparable, and pronounced with the vowel that follows : bl, br, ch, chl, chr, cl, cr, dl, dr, fl, fr, gl, gn, gr, gu, ph, phi, pi, pr, qu, rJi, th, thl, thr, tr, vr, 8, Elision, The final e of words of one syllable, and the a of la, are elided (suppressed) before a word that begins with a vowel or an unaspirated h, and an apostrophe indicates the elision. The consonant with the apostrophe is pronounced with the next vowel as one syllable. J'ai {je) for je-ai, I'orange [lorange) for la orange, I'habit ilabit) for le habit. The t of d is elided before il, ils. INTRODUCTION. 13 Exercises in JPronoiincing, (The pnpil should name the letters iu Freucli, giving to each vowel its proper sound.) 1. Pure Vowel-Sounds Combined with Consonants. [Final consonants are silent, except those marked by an asterisk (*).] a e: e: e or i j; 1 or y : o; u: eu: ou: ba be. be. be. bi. bo. bu. beu. bou. fc: ca. que, que. que. qui. CO, cu. queu, , cou. k: cla, cle. cle, cle, cri. cro. cru. creu, crou. s: Qa, ce. ce. ce. ci. 90, 9u, ceu, 90U. sh: clia, Che, che, che. chi. cho. chu. cheu. chou, k: chla, chle. chle. chl6. chri. cliro. chru, chreu ,chrou da, de. de, de. di, do. du, deu. dou. fa, fe, fe. fe. fi, fo. fu, feu. fou. g Tiard: ga. gue. gue. gue. gui, go. gu. gueu, , gou. gsoft: gea. ge, ge, ge. gi, geo, geu. ha, he. he, h^, hi. ho. hu. heu. hou. ja. je. je. je. Ji, Jo, ju. jeu. jou. la. le. le. le. li, lo. lu. leu. lou. ma. me. me, m^. mi. mo. mu, meu, mou. na. ne. ne. ne. ni, no. nu. neu. nou. pa. pe, p6. pe, pi. po. pu. peu. pou. qua. que, que. que. qui. quo. queu. quou, ra. re. re. re, ri, ro. ru. reu. rou. sa. se, se. se, si. so. su. seu. sou. ta. te. te. t^. ti. to. tu, teu, tou. va. ve. ve. v^. vi. vo, vu, veu. vou. xa. xe, xe, xe. xi. xo. xu. xeu. xoa. za. ze. ze. z^. zi. zo. zu. zeu. zou. 2. Compound Vowel-Sounds Combined with Consonants. dau, maux, faux, beau, seau, teau. eu, edt, eutes. ea 6e = a = e: • gea, dee. jea, fee. lee. au = : eau = : ai — e: j'ai. lai. rai. eu = u: aie j 1 ais ait ) 1 plaie. mais. lait. OBU = eu 14 INTRODUCTION, on: en, in : lin, on: son, Vm: brun. 3. Nasal Vowel-Sounds. sans, cent, sens,* dent, timbre, simple, faim, pain, long, rond, gond, plomb. Bang, vin, bon, aucun, cliacun. quand, banc, daim, eein. ombre, sombre, tribun, commun, parfum, humble 4. Pure Diphthongs. ia: fia, lia, cria, scia. ieu: pieu, lieu, mieux, cieux. ie: tier, lier, crie, scie. oi: foi, loi, moi, toi. iel: fiel,* miel,* ciel,* tiel* {ciel). ui: bruit, fruit, lui, nuit. 5. Nasal Diphthongs. ien: bien, lien, mien, rien. oin: foin, loin, soin, poing. ion: lion, rions, scion, tion {don). nin: juin, suint. gn: il, ille: eil, eille: ail, aille: 6. Liquid Letters. campagne, montagne, ligne, rognon, fusil, soleil, betail, eiul, euille: deuil, ouil, ouille: bouillir. oignon, babil, pareil, travail, fauteuil. poignee, brille, sommeil, paille, feuille. signe. poignard. coquille. oreille. bataille. cueille. rouille. e = « in htirr, de, e final, silent, S^ge, e almost silent, cable, e " " besoin, pronounce (b'soin) e = e, et, pronounce (e). bouillon, bouille, 7. The Unaccented e. ce, le, me, ne, que. base, cage, fille, forme, liste. fable, table, sabre, marbre, mitre, aclieter, demande, elever, samedi, demi, , (acli'te), (d'mand), (el've), (sam'di), (d'mi). rez, clef, bled, pied, parler, (re) (cle), (ble), (pie), (parle). 8. Elision. L*or, I'argent, d'or, d'argent, I'enfant, I'liomme. L'orange qu'il m'a donnee. L'habit qu'il t'a fait. L'ami I'a mis dans I'eau. S'il t'a dit eela (c'la). S'ils I'ont vu. S'il s'en va. S'il s'y fie. J'ai I'ftnanas. J'aurai l'orange. Qu'en dit-on ? INTRODUCTION. 15 9. Final Consonants Before Initial Vowels. Je vous ai fait appeler. Vous 6tes arrive apres elle. Quand on est alle I'appeler, il etait endormi. II n'etait pas encore neuf lieures. II etait en- core en bas. lis ont dix enfants. C'est un grand homme. II est ici, et elle aussi. C'est assez evident. Exercises on Words Coninion to Both Langucujes. (The orthography of these words is alike or nearly alike in both languages ; the chief difference is in the pronunciation.) 1. Words in ade. Arcade, arcade; limonade, lemonade; ballade, ballad; parade. parade; balustrade, balustrade; promenade. promenade; brigade, brigade; ^ommade, pomade; camarade, comrade; salade, salad; And many others. 2. Words in age. Age, age; langage, language; bandage, bandage; page. page; cage. cage; passage, passage; carnage, carnage; sage. sage; courage. courage; village, village; And many others. 3 :. Words in al. Animal, animal ; hopital, hospital; caporal. corporal ; journal. journal; camaval, carnival; metal, metal ; general, general; principal, principal; And many others. 16 INTRODUCTION. 4. Words in aire j English sirj. Adversaire, adversary ; dictionnaire, dictionary; dromadaire, dromedary; militaire, military ; And many others. notaire, pensionnaire, rosaire, secretaire, notary; pensionary; rosary; secretary; 5. Wordi ( in ance and ence. Alliance alliance; assistance, assistance; balance, balance; enfance, infancy; And many others. indolence, prudence, silence, violence, indolence; prudence; silence; violence; 6. Words Acteur, actor; auteur, author; ambassadeur, embassador; conducteur, conductor; And many others. inenVf English or. createur, inspecteur, interieur, superieur, creator; inspector; interior; superior; 7. Words in ion. Action, action; ambition, ambition; crfeation, creation ; nation, nation; And many others. notion, procession, profusion, proportion, notion; procession; profusion; proportion; 8. Ambre, amber; chambre, chamber; cidre, cider; lettre, letter; And many others. Words in re. mitre, sabre, theatre. miter; saber; theater; 9. Words in ice. Caprice, caprice; edifice, edifice; malice, malice; office, service, Vice, office; service; vioe; And many otherg. INTRODUCTION. 17 10. Words having a final e in French and not in English. Artiste, artist; joumaliste, journalist; buste, bust; liste, list; dentiste, dentist; terme, term; forme, form; verbe, verb; And many others. 11. Words having a final e in English and not in French. Candidal, candidate; magistrat, magistrate; chocolat chocolate; prelat, prelate; certificat, certificate; senat, senate; And some others. 13. Words ending in te in French and in ty in English. Beaute, beauty; liberie, liberty; calamite, calamity; qualite, quality; depute, deputy; societe, society; And some others. 13. Words ending in French in ie and in Eiglish in y. Aristocratie, aristocracy; democratic, democracy; broderie, embroidery; flatterie, flattery; cavalerie, cavalry; maladie, malady; And some others. 14. Words ending in ique j English ic. Arithmetique, arithmetic; musique, music; fabrique, fabric; pique-nique, picnic; logique, logic; touique tonic; And gome others. 15. Words in ure. Agfriculture, agriculture; figure, figure; aventure, adventure; littferature, literature; creature, creatwr**.; nature^ nature; And some oth*»'^ 18 INTRODUCTION, Some Proper Names of Persona. Ada, Adah; Gautier, Walter; Adele, Adela; Geoffiroy, Jeffry; Adolphe, Adolphus; Georges, George; Agnes, Agnes; Gregoire, Gregory; Amelie, Amelia; Guillaume, William; Anne, Ann; Anna; Gustave, Gustavus; Annette, Nancy; Helene, Helen; Antoine, Anthony; Henri, Henry; Arnaud, Arnold; Henriette, Henrietta; Berthe, Bertha; Isabelle, Isabella; Blanche, Blanch; Jacques, James; Brigitte, Bridget; Jean, John ; Camille, Camilla; Jules, Julius; OeUe, Celia; Julie, Julia; Charles, Charles; Laure, Laura; Chariot, Charley; Leonard, Leonard; Olotilde, Clotilda; Ijisette, Lizzie; Denis, Dennis; Louis, Louis; Edmond, Edmund; Louise, Louisa; Bdouard, Edward; Lucie, Lucy; Elie, EHas; Marguerite, Margaret; Elisee, Elisha; Marie, Mary; Enule, ^milius; Mathilde, Matilda; Emilie, Emily; Sophie, Sophia; Htienne, Stephen; Susanne, Susanna. Some Proper Names of Cities. Anvers, Antwerp ; La Haye, The Hague Berlin, Berlin ; Londres, London ; Brdme, Bremen ; Lyon, Lyons ; Bruxelles, Brussels; Madrid, Madrid ; Calais, Calais ; Mayence, Mentz ; Cologne, Cologne ; Naples, Naples ; Dresde, Dresden ; Paris, Paris ; Edinbourg, Edinburgh ; Rome, Rome; Francfort, Frankfort ; Venise, Venice ; Le Havre, Havre ; Vienne, Vienna. PAET FIRSTc 20 CHARLES AND MARY. a, has ; de, of ; dfe, thimble ; clef, key ; 1, Vocabulary. le, la, the ; le de, the thimble ; la clef, the key ; et, and ; est, is ; qui, who ; ou, where ; ici, here ; la, th^e. 2, Charles et Marie. {CJmrUs and Mary.) Qui a le d6 de Marie? Who has the thimble of Mary ? {Mary's thimble). Claries a le de de Marie. Jharles has the thimble of Mary. Ou est Charles? Where is Charles? Charles est ici. Charles is here. Ou ^ni la clef de Charles? Where *• the key of Charles? (Charles's kev.) La clef de Charles est la. The key of Charles is there. Le d^ et la clef. The thimble and the key. PAPA AND MAMMA. 21. 3, Vocabulary, je vois, I see ; papa, papa ; maman, mamma ; le sofa, the sofa ; la chaise, the chair ; la table, the table ; sur, on, upon ; sous, under ; voici, {see here), here is, here are ; voila, {see t/iere), there is, there are • c'est, (fo7' ce est), that is, it is ; Anne, Ann ; Elise, Eliza ; ou, or. 4. Papa et Maman, {Papa and Mamma.) Je vois papa et inainan, I see papa and mamma, sur le sofa. on the sofa. Voici Charles et Marie. Here are Charles and Mary. Voila la clef de Charles, sur la table. There is the key of Charles, on the table. Oil est la chaise? Where is the chdr? La chaise est sous la table. The chair is under the table. Qui est la? Who is there? C'est Anne ou Elise. It is Ann or Eliza. un homme. a man ; un enfant, a child ; un arbre, a tree ; 5» un, une, a or an. une femme, a woman ; une orange, an orange ; une maison, a house. JU^ 23 FATHER, MOTHER, AND CHILD. 0» Vocabulary, le pere, the fatlier ; a la maison, to tlie house ; la mere, the mother ; de la maison, of the house ; I'enfant {for le enfant), the child ; un banc, a bench ; I'homme {for le homme), the man ; un jardin, a garden ; a, at, to ; une porte, a door ; a gate ; a I'arbre, at the tree ; la-bas, yonder. 7. Lie P^re, la Mh^e et VEnfant, {Father. Mother, and Child.i Je vois un homme, une femme et un enfant. I see a man, a woman and a child. L' enfant a une orange. The child has an orange. L' homme est le pere de V enfant. The man is the father of the child. La femme est la mere de V enfant. The woman is the mother of the child. La femme est a la porte de la maison. The woman Is at the door of the house. Voila un banc sous 1' arbre. There is a bench under the tree. Je vois un jardin la-bas. I 8e*» a i^ardea yonder. THE GARDEN- OA IB, 23 8. Vocabulary. du {for de le), of the ; il va, lie goes ; elle va, she goes ; du jardin, of the garden ; va-t-il ? does he go ? is he going ? au {for a le), at the ; to the ; va-t-elle? does she go? isshegoing'^ au jardin, to tlie garden ; dans, in, into ; U, he, it ; elle, she, it ; un cabas, a satchel, a bag ; il a, he has ; elle a, she has ; la main, the hand ; a-t^il ? has he ? a t-elle ? has she ? a la main, at the hand, in the hand 9» La Porte du JTardin, (The Oateoftlie Garden.) Je vols la poite du jardin. I see the gate of the garden. L' homme a la clef du jardin. The man has the key of the garden. II va au jardin. He Is going to the garden. Voila r enfant au bane. There is the child at the bench. A-t-il une orange? Has it an orange? La femme a un cabas a la main. The woman has a satchel in her hand. Ou va-t-elle? Where is she going ? Elle va dans la maison. She is going Into the house. 10, mon, ma, my. mon pere, my father ; ma mere, my mother : mon frere, my brother ; ma soeur, my sister ; men oncle, my uncle ; ma tante, my aunt ; mon cousin, my (boy) cousin ; ma cousinej my (girl) cousin. 24 BEITRTS BOAT. 11, Vocabulary^ j'ai iforie ai), I have ; il s'appelle' Henri, he is called Henry; un bateau, a boat ; est-ce que (qu'), is it that ; une poupee, a doll ; est-ce qu'il va ?'^ does he go ? is he going 1 l'eau(/or la eau), the water; bien, well; tres, very; tres-bien, very well. 12. Le Bateau d'Henri, {Hent'y's Boat.) J'ai un frere et une soeur. I have brother and sister. Mon frere s'appelle Henri. My brother is called Henry. Ma soeur s'appelle Julie. My sister is called Julia. Henri a un bateau ; Julie a une poupee. Henry has a ' boat Julia has a doll. Le bateau d' Henri est dans V eau. The boat of Henry is in the water. Est-ce qu'il va bien? Does it go well? II va tres-bien. It goes very well. ' II s'appelle {for il se appelle), literally, he calls . 2 Est-ce qu'il va ? means the same as va-t-il ? {See Vocabulary, p. 23.) VNCLE AND A UNT. )ib 13, Vocabulary, ton, ta, tliy ; (your) ; il joue, lie plays, lie is playing ; son, sa, his, her, its ; Joue-t-il ? ) is he playing ? o-; son oncle, his uucle, her uncle ; est-ce qu'il joue ? ) does he play V sa tante, his aunt, her aunt ; Julie joue-t-elle ? i is Julia play, je suis, 1 am ; est-ce que Julie joue ? ) ing ? \e vais, I go, I am going ; avec, with. 14, Mon Oncle et ma Tante. {My Vncie and Aunt) Je vols ton pfere et ta mere la-bas. I see your father and — mother yonder. Ton p^re est mon oncle. Your father is my uncle. Ta m^Te est ma tante. Your mother is my aunt. Je suis ton cousin. I am your cousin. Julie est ma cousine. Julia is my cousin, Voila Henri a Feau ; joue-t-il avec son bateau? There is Henry at the water ; is he playing with his boat? Est-ce que Julie joue avec sa poupee ; Does Julia play with her doll? Je vais a la maison. I am going to the house (home). C^ estbien. That is well. 15. petitf petite^ small, little. un petit de, a small thimble; grand, grande, large tall; one petite clefj a small key; joli, jolie, pretty ; bon, bonne, good. 2 THE DOG TURCO. un chien, a dog nn chat, a cat : 16* Vocabulary, un cheval, a horse une vache, a cow. 17. Le Chien Tiirco, (The Dog Turco.) Je vois un grand chien ; c'est un bon chien. I Bee a large dog; it is a good dog. II s'appelle Turco. It is called Turco. Voila une grande vache ; c'est une bonne yache. There is a large cow ; it is a good cow. Jilie a un petit chat. ;^ulia has a little cat {kitten). Son petit chat est tres-joli. Her kitten Is very pretty. Julie est ma petite cousine. Julia is my little cousin. J'ai un bon petit cheval. I have a good little norse. Mon petit cheval va tres-bien. My little horse goes very well. THE FRIENDS. 27 18, Vocabulary, un garqon, a boy ; tu as, thou hast {you Imve) ; une fille, a girl ; qu'as-tu ? what hast thou ? un ami, a friend {boi/) ; tu vas, thou goest (you go) ; une amie, a friend (girl) ; Ou vas-tu ? where dost thou go 1 que (qu') ? what ? tu vols, thou seest {you see). 19 Les Amis, {The Friends.) Je vols un gcargou et une fille. I Bee a boy and a girl. C'est un tr^-bon garpon. It is a very good boy, II est mon ami. He is ray friend. Sa soeur est une bonne fille. His sister is a good girl. Elle est Tamie de ma soeur. She is the friend of my sister. Qu'as-tu ? or Qu'est-ce que tu as ? Wtiat have you ? J'ai mon petit bateau. I have my little boat. Ou vas-tu? Where are you going ? Je vais a Feau avee Turco. I am going to the water with Turco. 20, ce, cet, cette^ this, that. ce gar90n, this lx)y, that boy • cet homme, this man, that man ; cet enfant, this cliill, that child; cette femme, this woman, that woman 2fi THE WALK. 21, Vocabulary, un monsieur, a gentleman ; tu es, thou art {you are) ; es-tu ? art thou t une dame, a lady ; je connais, I know ; sa femme, his wife ; connaia-tu ? knowest thou ? {do you know f) son fils, his son ; cette demoiselle, that young lady ; sa fille, his daughter ; oui, yes. 22, La Promenade, (The Walk.) Je vais a la promenade avec mon oncle. J am going for a walk with my uncle. Connais-tu ce monsieur ? Do you know that gentleman ? Oui, mon oncle ; c'est monsieur Lambert. Yea uncle; it is Mister Lambert. Cette dame est sa femme. That lady is his wife. Cette demoiselle est sa fille. That young lady is his daughter. Cet enfant est son fils Henri. That child is his son Henry. Henri, es-tu mon ami ? Henry, are you my firiend? THE UNCLE AND THE LITTLE ONE. 29 ;^3. Vocabulary, non, no; ne-pas, not. je n'ai pas, I have not ; fatigue, fatiguee, tired ; tu n'as pas, thou hast not ; malade, sick ; il n'a pas, he lias not ; le (1'), him, it ; n'a-t-il pas ? has he not ? la (1'), her, it ; je ne suia pas, I am not ; je le vois, I gee him ; tu n'es pas, thou art not ; je ne la connais pas, I do not know he:^ 24, L^Oncle et la Petite, {The Unde and the Little One.) Tu n'es pas fatiguee, Marie ? You are not tired, Mary? Non, mon oncle ; je ne suis pas fatiguee. No, uncle; I am not tired. Ou est ton amie Anne ? Je ne la vois pas Where is yoar friend Anne? I her see not Elle n'est pas ici ; elle est malade. She is not here ; ehe Is sick. Connais-tu cethomme? Do you know that man ? Oui, je le connais bien. Yes, I him know well. Ou est ton cabas, ma petite? Where is your bag, my little one? Je I'ai ; le voici. I it have ; it here is (here it Is). 2S0 nous, we; vous, you; its, elles, they. nous avons, we have; nous sommes, we are; vous avez, you have ; vous Mes, you are ; lis ont, ] ^-i _y ils sent, elles 01 ;^[ they have. Se.°°o''nt. [ '''"^ 30 TEE NURSERY. 26, Vocabulary, les, the; them; des, of the; aux, to the; le livre, the book ; les enfants, the children ; le cahier, the copy-booK je les vois, I see them ; la plume, the pen ; des enfants, of the children ; lu, read ; aux enfants, to the children ; 6crit, written. 27* La Chambre des Enfants. (The Nursery,) Ou etes-vous ? Where are you ? Nous sommes dans la chambre des enfants. We are in the nursery. Ou sont les livres ? les avez-vous ? Where are the books ? them have you ? (have you them ?) lis sont ici ; je les ai. They are here ; I thera have (I have them). Les plumes sont sur la table, avec les cahiers. The pens are on the table, with the copy-books. Nous avons ^crit. We have written. lis ont tres-bien lu. They have very well read {read very well). STUD TIN O. gl 28, Vocabulary* mes, my ; tes, thy ; ces, these, those ; su, known; ses, his, her, its ; le crayon, the pencil ; vu, seen ; notre, nos, our ; la le9on, the lesson ; perdu, lost ; votre, vos, your ; je sais, I know ; trouve, found ; leur, leurs, their ; sais-tu? knowest thou ? {do you apporte, brought know f) 29, A VEtude, {Sludybvg.) Les eiifants sorit a I etude. The children are studying. J'ai perdu rues crayous. I have lost my pencils. Ton fr^re a trouve tes crayons. Your brother has found your pencils. Elise n'a pas apporte ses livres. Eliza has not broti<,'ht her books. Mes amis, j'ai vu votre onele et vos cousins. My friends, I have seen your uncle and your cousins. Anne a vu notre oncle et nos cousins. Ann has seen our uncle and our cousins. Sais-tu la lepon ? Do you know the lesson ? Je ne la sais pas bien. I it know not well. Ces enfants n'ont pas su leurs legons. These children have not known their lessons. 30. quelf quelle ; quels, quelles, what, which. quel jour ? what day ? quelle heure ? what hour ? quel jour est-ce ? what day is it ? quelle heure est-il ? what hour is it T 32 TO SCHOOL. un jour, a day ; aiyourd'hui, to-day lundi, Monday ; 31, Vocabulary. I'ecole {for la ecole), the school ; une heure, an hour ; one o'clock ; neuf heures, nine hours ; nine o'clock 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10. un, une, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf, dix. 32, A V Ecole, {ToSckod.)^ y Quel jour est-ce aujourd'hui ? What day is it to-day. O^est aujourd'hui lundi. It is to-day Monday. II est neuf heures. It is nine o'cloclc. Je vais a lain going to "ecole. school. Quels livres as-tula? What books have you there ? Ce sont mes livres. They are my books. Quelles lemons avons-nous ? What leBsons have we ? THE DA YJS OF THE WEEK. 33 33, Vocabulary, dimanche, Sunday ; combien (de), how much, how many ; lundi, Monday ; une le9on de musique, a music lesson;- mardi, Tuesday ; I'eglise {for la eglise), the church ; mercredi, Wednesday ; je prends, I take ; jeudi, Tliursday ; je vais voir, I go to see ; vendredi, Friday ; je re9ois, I receive ; samedi, Saturday ; je sors, I go out. 34:, Les Jours de la Seinaine. {The Days of the Week.) Combien de jours a une seinaine ? How many days has a week? Une semaine a se^ jours. A week has seven days. Le dimanche je vais a Teglise. (On) Sunday I go to church. Le lundi je vais a I'ecole. Monday I go to school. Le mardi je prends une le^on de musique. Tuesday I take a music lesson. Le mercredi je vais voir ma tante. Wednesday I go to see my aunt. Le jeudi je rec^ois mes amis. Thurs lis ont une belle maison. They have a handsome house. La v6tre est aussi belle que la leur. Yours is as handsome as theirs. 70, eelui, the one ; lequel, which one. celui, celle, tliat, the one; lequel, laqueUe, whicli one; ceux, celles, those; lesquels, lesquelleSj which ones. 48 THE CHOICE. 71* Vocabulary. des bas, stockings; le plus, the most; de la laine, wool; il plait, it pleases; meilleur, meilleure, better, best; tu trouves, thou findestj mieux, le mieux, better, the best; neuf, neuve, new. 72. Le Choioc. (The Choice.) Mon chapeau est neuf ; celui de Julie est vieux. My bonnet is new; that of Julia is old. Lequel est le meilleur ? Which one is the be?t ? Ma robe est de sole ; celle de Marie est de laine. My dress of silk ; that of Mary of wool. Laquelle te plait le mieux ? Which one to you pleases — best ? Void des bas de coton, et voila des bas de laine Here are — stocking^ of cotton, and there are — stockings of wool. Lesquels veux-tu, ceux de coton, ou ceux de laine ? Which ones will you have, those of cotton, or those of wool ? Voici mes bagues, et voila celles de Marie. Pere are my rings, and there are those of Mary. Lesquelles trouves-tu les plus jolies ? Which one« do you find the prettiest? THESE ANL TUOSE. i& 73. Vocabulary. cet homme-ci, this man ; cette femme-ci, this woman ; cet homme-la, that man ; cette femme-la, that woman ; celui-ci, this one, oelui la, that one; celle-ci, this one; celle-la, that one ces enfants-ci, these children ; ces femmes-ci, these women ; ces enfants-la, those chiklren ; ces femmes-la, those women ; ceux-ci, these ; ceux-la, those ; celles-ci, these ; celles-la, those ; 74. CeUX^ci et ceux-la, (,T/iem and Those.) Cet habit-ci est a moi ; celui-la est a Jules. This coat belongs to me ; that one belongs to Julius. J'aime mieux celui-ci que celui-la. I like I better this one than that one. Cette robe-ci est de soie ; celle-la est de laine. This dress — is of silk ; that one is of wool. Celle-ci me plait mieux que celle-la. This one to me pleases better than that one, Ces bas-ci sont de coton ; ceux-la sont de laine. These stockings are of cotton ; those — are of wool. Ceux-ci sont meilleurs que ceux-la. These — are better than those. — Ces tasses-ci sont plus jolies que celles-la. These cnps — are prettier than those. — J^aime mieux celles-ci que celles-la. Hike better these — than those. — 75. une foia, once ; deux fois^ twice. autre, other ; quelque, some ; quelques, a few ; chaque, each ; every ; tout, touts, ) , , mfeme, same ; tous, toutes, \ ""^^^ ^^^^:^' ^'^°^®' plusieurs, several ; *out le monde, everybody; 3 50 THE SALUTATION. 76, Vocabulary, qui, who, which, that ; chaque fois, or toutes les fois, every que, whom, which, that ; time ; dont, of whom, of which, whose; il salue, he bows to ; salue, bowed; a qui, to whom ; mort, died; dead ; tous les jours, every day ; il est mort, he died; he is dead. 77. Le Saint, (The Salutation.) Connais-tu la dame qui nous a salutes ? Do yon know the lady who us has bowed to ? C'est la lu^me dame que tu as vue chez nous. It is the same lady whom you have seen at our house. C^est elledont I'enfant est mort il y a quelques jours. ilt.is -she ofwliom the child has died ago a few days. "^oila un monsieur qui salne tout 'le monde. There }s a gentlem3,n who hows to everybody. 'C'est un monsieur que je vois tous les jours. That is a gentleman whom I see every day. C'est celui dont mon pere a parl^ a table. It is he of whom my father has spoken at table. II a plusieurs lilies que je connais toutes. He has several daughters whom I know all. Te les vois chaque fois que je vais voir ma taiitQ. i tliem ,8ee ^vejqy time that J .go to see m^y oput. AN ACQ UAINTANCE. 51 78, Vocabulary, all6, allee, gone; seul, seule, alone ; arrive, arrivee, arrived ; ensemble, together ; parti, partie, left ; quand, when ; reste, restee, remained ; hier, yesterday ; venu, venue, come ; la matinee, the morning , je viens, I come ; la campagne, the country ; il vient, he comes ; la connaissance, the acquaintance^ de, from ; of ; mes parents, my parents. 79. line Connaissance, {An Acquaintance.) Voila un monsieur qui vIent souvent nous voir. There is a gentleman who comes often us to see. C'est une connaissance de mon oncle. It is an acquaintance of my uncle. Je Tai vu chez mon oncle quand j'y suis alle. I him have seen at my uncle's when I there have* gone. lis sont venus ensemble de Paris. They have* come together from Paris. lis sont arrives ici, il y a quelques semaines. They have* arrived here, ago a few weeks. Mes parents sont partis pour la campap:ne. My parents have* left for the country. Messoeurs sont sorties ; Charles estseul alamaison My sisters have* gone out ; Charles is alone at — home. Je suis reste chez moi toute la matinee. I have* remained at home all the morning. 80, quelqu^un^ somebody ; personne, nobody. auctm (ne), no one ; on, some one, people, they ; chacim, every one ; tout, everything. * Notice that the French say in these phrases, / am, we are, they are, etc., and the English, 1 have, toe have, they have^ etc. 52 TEE VISIT, 81, Vocabulary, une personne, a person ; une adresse, an address ; un eleve, une eleve, a scholar ; une classe, a class ; une question, a question ; rfepondre a, to answer ; manque, missed ; donner, to give ; Sonne, rung ; ouvert, opened. 82, La Visite. {The Tuit.) On a soring, et personne n'a ouvert la porte. Borne one has rung (the bell has rung), and nobody has opened the door. Pardon ; la fill a- y est all^e. I beg your pardon ; the girl there has gone. On demande quelqu'un qui ne demeure pas ici. They ask for somebody who — lives not here. Je connais la personne dont on demande Tadressec I know the person of whom they ask the address. Aucun eleve n'a su repondre a cette question. No scholar — has known how to answer — this question. On ]'a faite a chacun ; toute la classe Fa manquee. They It have made to everyone; all the class it has missed. Je sais tout J. know all ; on m'a tout dit. they to me have everything tpld. ON HORSEBACK AND IN A CARBIAOE. ^ 63 83, Vocabulary, an voisin, a neighbor ; jusque, jusqu'a, till, until ; une voiture, a carriage ; demain, to morrow ; rester, to stay j un mois, a month ; cette apres-midi, this afternoon ; depuis, since ; ils parlent, they speak ; pendant, during, for ; ils sortent, they go out ; longtemps, a long time ; ils viennent, they come. 84. A Cheval et en Voiture. {On Horseback and in a Carriage, Nos voisins ont et6 a Paris. Our neighbors have been in Paris. lis y ont demeiire pendant lonfrtemps. They there have resided for a long time. Leurs enfants parlent franpais aussi bien que vous Their children speak French as well as you. lis demenrent ici depuis quelques mois. They Wve {have lived) here since a few months. lis sortent tons les jours en voiture. They go out every day in a carriage {drive out). Nous demeurons ici depuis longtemps. We live (have lived) here — a long time. Mes cousins viennent ici cette aprfes- midi. My cousins come here this afternoon. lis viennent a cheval, et vont rester jusqu'a demain. They come on horseback, and are going to stay until — to-morrow. 85, se lever {to raise one*8 self), to rise. Je me leve, (raise mi/self) I rise ; nous nous levons, we rise ; tu te leves, thou risest ; vous vous levez, you rise ; il se leva, he rises ; ils se levent, i elle se leve, she rises ; eUes se levent, J ey rise. 54 BUNRISm, 86. je me couche, I go to bed ; je me lave, I wash myself ; je m'habille, I dress myself ; leve, risen ; habille, dressed il s'est leve, lie has risen ; rentrer, to come in ; Vocabulary/, de bonne heure, early ; tard, late ; bientot, soon ; deja, already ; encore, still ; pas encore, not yet ; il dort, he sleeps ; maintenant, now ; le lit, the bed ; au lit, in bed. 87. Le Lever du Soleil. (SunHse.) Je me leve au lever du soleil. / I rise at sunrise. Henri se couche de bonue lieure, et se leve tard. Henry goes to bed early and rises late. II est encore au lit; il dort jusqu'a liuit heures. He is still in bed ; he sleeps till — eight o'clock. Jules est leve, mais il n'est pas encore habille. Julius is up, but he — is not yet dressed. Charles s'est lave ; il s'habille maintenant. Charles has washed himself ; he is dressing now. Mon pere est leve et sorti depuis longtemps. My father is up and (has) gone out since long (long since). II va bientot rentrer pour dejeuner. He is going soon to come in to breakfast. THE DEPARTURE. 55 88* Vocabulary/. j'avais, I had; il avait, lie had ; avant, devant, before ; j'etais, I was; il etait, he was ; apres, after ; j'ai froid, {1 have cold) I am cold ; mal a la tete, a headache ; il fait froid, it (makes) is cold ; mal a la gorge, sore throat ; il faisait froid, it was cold ; mal aux dents, toothache ; je dels, 1 must, I am to ; descendre, come down ; je devais, I was to ; tout de suite, immediately ; iortir, to go out ; partir, to leave ; trop, too ; too much. 89, Le Depart. (The Departure.) Je dois rester ici ; il fait trop froid pour sortir. I must remain here ; it is too cold to go out. Je me suis leve ce matin avant six lieures. I — have risen this morning before six o'clock. Je me suis lave et je suis descendu tout de suite, I myself have washed and I have come down immediately. Ma soeur 6tait deja au salon. My sister was already in the parlor. , Elle devait partir apr^s le dejeuner. She was to leave after — breakfast. La voilure etait devant la porte. The carriage was before the door. II faisait si froid, et elle avait mal a la gorge. It was so cold, and she had a sore throat. Moi, j'avais mal aux dents. — I had toothache. Ma mere avait mal a la tete. My mother had a headache. 90. avoir ^ to have ; Hre^ to he. nous avions, we had ; nous etions, we were ; vous aviez, you had ; vous etiez, you were ; ils avaient, they had. ils etaient, they were. 56 ON THE ICE. 91, Vocabulary. le plaisir, the pleasure ; passe, passed ; bon train, at a good la glace, the ice; un patin, a skate ; j'ai chaud, I {have) am warm ; [rate ; un traineau, a sleigh ; nous courions, we were running ; je patine, I skate, I am skating ; nous nous sommes amuses, we je patinais, I was skating ; amused o. s. 92, Sur la Glace. (On me ice.) Hier, nous avions du plaisir; nous etions sur la glace. Yesterday, we had — pleasure; we were on the ice. Nos amis y etaient avec nous. Our friends there were with us. lis avaient leurs patins ; ils patinaient. They had their sliates ; they were pijating. Yous nous avez passes ; vous etiez en traineau. You us have passed ; you were in a sleigh. Vous alliez bien ; vous aviez de bons chevaux. You were going well; you had — good horses. Nous allions bon train ; mais nous avions froid. We went along at a good rate; but we were coldc Nous avions chaud ; nous courions toujours. We were warm; we were running continually. Nous nous sommes bien amuses. We ourselves hav« well amused. THE WEATHER. 57 93, Vocabulary, il fait mauvais temps, it is bad le trottoir, the sidewalk ; weather ; couvert de, covered with ; il pleut, it niiiKs; il gele, it freezes; la nuit, the night ; passee, past; ilneige, it r^nows; neige, snowed; le bruit, the noise ; la neige, the snow ; la cheminee, the chimney ; la pluie, the rain; le vent, the wind; ce qui, ce que, {JtJiat which) what. 94, Le Temps. {The Weather.) II fait mauvais temps ; il pleut. It is bad weather; it rains. Hier il faisait froid ; il gelait. Yesterday it was cold; it froze. La nuit passee il a neige. The night past (last night) it has snowed. Ce matin les trottoirs ^taient converts de neige. This morning the sidewalks were covered with snow. J'aime mieux la neige que la pluie. I like better — snow than — rain. Savez-vous ce qui fait ce bruit ? Do you know what makes that noise ? ' Oui ; c^est le vent dans la cheminee. Yes; it is the wind in the chimney. II ne faut pas dire a Charles ce que je vous ai dit. You must not tell — Charles what I to you have told. 95, shall or will. j'aurai, I shall have ; je porterai, I shall or will carry ; tu aiuras, thou wilt (you will) have; je ferai, I shall make or do ; U aura, he will have ; je verrai, I shall see ; je serai, 1 shall be ; j'irai, I shall go ; tu seras, thou wilt (you will) be ; je viendrai, I shall come ; il sera, he will be ; je recevrai, I shall receive. 3* 58 MAMMA'^ BIRTHDAY. 96, Vocabulary, la f^te, the festival; the birthday ; gros, grosse, large ; big ; Je bouquet, the nosegay ; je presenterai, 1 shall preseji^ content, contente, pleased ; sourire, to smile ; heureux, heureuse, happy ; au nombre, among them. 97. La JFSte de Matnan. {Mamma's Birthday.) J'auraidu plaisir demain; ce sera la f^te de maman. I shall have — pleasure to-mon-ow; it will be — mamma's birthday. Je ferai un gros bouquet que je lui presenterai. I will make a large nosegay which I to her will present. Je le porterai a sa cliambre quand elle sera lev^e. I it shall carry to her room when she has risen. Elle sera bien contente quand elle me verra. She will be well pleased when she me seeB (will see). Etje serai heureuse quand je la verrai sourire. And I shall be happy when I her (shall) see smile. Je n'irai pas a T^cole ; je resterai a la maison. I — shall not go to — school; I shall stay ^t — home. Je recevrai mes amis ; tu seras a4k nombre. I shall receive my friends ; you will be among them. Tu viendras me voir avec tes parents. You will come me to see with your parents. THE EVENING PARTY. 59 98, Vocabulary* noug aurons, we shall have ; r^jouir, to gladden ; vous aurez, you will have ; pare, paree (de), adorned (with); ils auront, they will have ; un bijou, a jewel ; nous serons, we shall or will be ; une fleur, a flower ; vous serez, you will be ; le comble, the height ; ils seront, they will be ; le bonheur, happiness ; feliciter, to congratulate ; le coeur, the heart. 99. La Soiree. {The Evening Party.) Nous aurons du nionde chez nous le soir. We shall have — company at our house in the evening. Tons nos amis y seront, et nous danserons. All our friends there will be, and we shall dance. Nous nous amuserons toute la soiree. We ourselves shall amuse all the evening. Mes cousins y viendront avee leurs parents. My cousins there will come with their parents. Vous les verrez ; vous ferez leur connaissance. You them will see ; you will malje their acquaintance. On f^licitera maman ; on lui r^jouira le coeur. They will congratulate mamma ; they to her will gladden the heart. EUe sera paree de bijoux et de fleurs. She will be adorned with jewels and — flowers. Et moi, je serai au comble du bonheur. And as for me, I shall be at the height of bappinesti. 100, aie, Tuzve {thou) ; ayez^ have {you) ; ayons^ let us Tux/oe. sois, soyez, be ; fais, faites, do ; make ; va, aUez, go ; dis, dites, say ; tell ; viens, venez, come ; soyons, let us be. 60 T3E GOVERNESS. 101, Vocahulai^y, ecoute, ecoutez, listen ; je vous prie, I beg you ; prends, prenez, take ; de vous depfecher, to make haste , obeissons (a), let us obey ; son devoir, liis task ; ayez soin, take care ; une chose, a thing ; prenez garde, take care ; mind ; tranquille, quiet ; still ; on louche, some one touches •, 102, La Goiivernante. {The Governess.) Henri, va chercher ton livre et viens dire ta le^on. Henry, go for your book and come (and) say your lesson. Fais ton devoir avant d'aller jouer. Do your task before to go (you go) to play. Marie, allez trouver Charles, s'il vous plait. Mary, go to (find) Charles, if you please. Dites-lui qu'on le demande. Tell him that some one him asks. Ne lui dites pas que c est moi. ' — -^ — Him tell not that it is I. Faites-moi le plaisir de vous d^p^cher. Do me the pleasure to make haste. Ne me faites pas attendre ; je vous eq prie. — Me make not wait; I you for it pray. Faites attention a ce que je dis. Make (pay) attention to what I say. Ecoutez-moi bien, et restez tranquilles. Listcjn to me well, and remain quiet (keep still). Ayez soin de toutes mes choses, voulez-vous ? Take care of all my things, will you? Prenez garde qu'on n'y touche. Take care (mind) that no one to them touches. Soyons raisonnables, et obeissons a notre Let us be reasonable, and let us obey — our gouvernante. governess. ' [y PAET SECOND. CHARLES AND MART—Conunued. 6^ 103, Vocabulary, qui est-ce que ? whom ? le doigt, the finger ; qu'est-ce qui? what "l centre, against; le mnar, the \yalls qu'est-ce que ? what V le tableau, the picture; qu'est-ce que c'est ? What is that ? le milieu, the middle. 104, Charles et Marie, (Voir p. 20.) Ou sont Charles et Marie ? Where are Charles and Mary ? lis sont la, a la table. They are there, at the table. Qu^est-ce qui est sur la table ? What is (lies) on the table? C'est la clef de Charles. It is the key of Char?es. Qu^est-ce que Charles a au doigt ? What has Charles at the finger? II a le d^ de Marie au doigt. He has the thimble of Mary at the finger. Qui est-ce que vous voyez sur le sofa ? Whom doyoasee on the sofa? Je vois papa et maman sur le sofa. I see papa and mamma, on the sofa. Qu'est-ce que c'est la, coutre le mur ? What — is there, against the wall? C'est un petit tableau. It la a small picture. Qu'est-ce qu'il y a au milieu de la chambre? What is there in the middle of the room ? II y a une table au milieu de la chnmbra There is a table in the middle pf the jrofm' 64 FATHER, MOTHER AND CHILD— Continued. 10^ Vocabulary, le mari, the husband ; ouvrir, to open ; ouvert, open ; la femme, the wife ; pres de, near ; porter, to cany ; une fen^tre, a window ; a cotfe de, next to, by the side of. 106 f Le r^re, la M^re et P Enfant, (Voir p. 22.) Qu'est-ce qu'il y a pres du banc, sous cet arbre ? What is there near the bench, under that tree ? II y a un enfant, qui a une orange a la main. There is a child, who has an orange in the hand. Qui est cet homme, qui va la-bas ? Who is that man, who is going yonder? C'est le pere de Tenfiint ; 11 va an jardin. He is the father of the child ; he is going to the garden. Est-ce que la porte du jardin est ouverte ? Is it that the gate of the garden is open? Non ; mais il a la clef; il va Fouvrir. No ; but he has the key ; he is going it to open. Et cette femme que voila ; qui est-elle ? And that woman — there ; who is she ? C'est la femme de Thomme, et la mere de Tenfant. She is the wife of the man, and the mother of the child. Oil va-t-elle avec son cabas ? Where is she going with her satchel ? Elle va porter son cabas dans la maison. She is going to carry her satchel into the house. Qu'est-ce qu'il y a a cote de la porte de la maison ? What is there next to the door of the house ? II y a une petite fenetre a cOte de la porte. There is a little window next to the door. HENR TS BOA T— Continued, 65 107' Vocabulary, comment, liow ; une corde, a rope; il tient, he holds, lie ia holding ; le genou, the knee; (les genoux.) elle regarde, she is looking at ; le pont, the bridge; attache, ee, attached; par ici, this way. 108, Le Bateau d* Henri, (Voir p. 24.) Qu'est-ce que c'est que ces enfants-la ! — Who are — those children? C'est nion fr^re etmasoeur. They are ray brother and — sister. Comment s'appellent-ils ? How are they called ? ( What are thei ames ?) Mon fr^re s'appelle H. . . et ma soeur s'appel) J. . . My brother is called Henry, and my sister is called Julia. Qu^est-ce qu' Henri tient a la main ? What does Henry hold in his hand? C^est une corde, qui est attachee a son bateau. It is a rope, which is attached to hifl boat. Et Julie, que tient-elle sur ses genoux ? And Jolia, what is she holding on her icnees ? Elle tient une poup^e sur ses genoux. She is holding a doll on her knees. Qu'est-ce qu'elle fait la avec sa poup^e ? What is she doing there with her doll ? Elle joue avec, et regarde le bateau d'Henri. She is playing with it, and is looking at the boat of Henry. Qui est-ce que tu vois la-bas, sur le pont ? Whom do you gee yonder, on the bridge? C^est mon pere et ma mere, qui viennent jiar ici. — My father and — mother, who are coming this way. 66 THE DOG TURCO— Continued. 109, Vocabulary, il est a, } A J® monte a cheval, I go on horse U appartient a, \ ^* belongs to; ^^^^ . dessus, upon it; je monte, I go up, I ascend ; je monte dessus, I ride upon it. 110, Le Chien Turco, (Voir p. 26.) Voila un beau chien, comment s'appelle-t-il ? There is a beautiful dog, what is hi g name? C'est le chien de mon oncle ; il s'appelle Turco. That is the dog of my uncle; his name is Turco. A qui appartient cetfe belle vache ? To whom belongs that beautiful cow ? Cette vache-la appartient a ma tante. That cow — belongs to my aunt. Qu^est-ce que Julie tient dans ses bras ? What is Julia holding in her arms ? C^est un petit chat que ma tante lui a donn^. It is a kitten which my aunt to her has given. Yoila un joli petit cheval ; a qui appartient-il ? There is a pretty " little horse; to whom does it belong ? C'est mon cheval ; je monte dessus tons les jours. That is my horse ; I ride upon it every day. Connais-tu ce petit garpon et cette petite fille la-bas! Do you know that little boy and that little girl yonder? Oui ; le garqon est mon ami ; il vient me voir. Yes; the boy is my friend; he comes me to see. La petite fille estsa soeur; elle vient joueravec Julie. The little girl is his sister; she comes to play with Jnlia. Nous voulons aller a Tean avec mon petit bntcniu We will go to the water with my little bout- THE WALK— Continued. 67 111. Vocabulary, toumons, let us turn; une boite, a box ; le cote, the side; on vend, they sell; du cote de, towards; vendez-vous ? do you sell? s'arrdter, to stop; cela vaut, that is worth; entrer (dans), to enter, to go in; un dollar, a dollar. 112, La Promenade, (Voir p. 28.) II fait beau temps ce matin, allons a la promenade. It is fine weather this morning ; let us go for a walk. Tournons du cote des boulevards. Let us turn towards the boulevards. Voila un monsieur et une dame que tu connais. There is a gentleman and — lady whom you know. Ce sent nos voisins avec leurs enfants. They are our neighbors with their children. II y a beaucoup de monde devant ce magasin. There are many people before that s'tore. Nous voulons y entrer et voir ce qu'on y vend. We will (in) it enter and see what they there sell. Qu^est-ce qu'il y a dans ces jolies boites-la? What is in those pretty boxes? II y a des mouclioirs de poche dedans. There are — pocket-handkerchiefs in them. Yoila un bel eventail ; combien le vendez-vous? There is a handsome fan ; how it do you sell ? Get Eventail vaut trois dollars avec la boite. This fan is worth three dollars with the box. S'il te plait, Marie, je te Tachfeterai. If it to you pleases, Mary, I to you it will buy, Yous etes bieii bon, mon oncle ; je vous reraercie Tea are very kind, — uncle; I you beaucoup. very much. 68 THE NURSERY— Continued. 113, Vocabulary, une histoire, a history; a story; reussi, succeeded; un dessin, a drawing; tacher, to try, to endeavor; une page, a page; a I'avenir, in the future; I'encre (/or la encre), the ink; d'abord, first; alors, then; epais, epaisse, thick; par coeur, by heart. 114:, JLa Chambre des Enfants, (Voir p. 30.) Nous avons fini nos devoirs pour demain. We have finished our tasks for to-morrow. Voulez-vous nous racoiiter une histoire ? Will you to us relate a story ? II faut d'abord voir ce que vous avez fait. I must first see what you have done. Moi, j'ai fait un dessin ; le voici. — I have made a drawing ; it here is {here it is). Un eheval ; c^'est bien fait ; j'en suis contente. A horse ; that is well done ; I with it am pleased. Et vous, Marie, avez-vous ^crit votre pa^e ? And you, Mary, have you written your page? J'ai fiiii, mais je nai pas bien reussi. I have finished, but I — have not well succeeded. L'encre n'est pas bonne ; elle est trop epaisse. The ink — is not good ; it is too thick. II faut tacher de mieux faire a I'avenir. You must try to better do in the future. Anne, avez-vous etudie votre lepon ? Ann, have you studied your lesson? Oui, mademoiselle, je la sais par coeur. Yes, miss, I it know by heart. Alors je vais vous lire une belle histoire. Then I am going to you to read a pretty atory. TO SCHOOL— Continued. 6d 115, Vocabulary, revenez-vous ? do you return ? le temps, the time; the weather; je reviens, 1 return; come back; midi, noon; demi, half; en, from there; une demi-heure, half an hour; occupe, occupied; prenez-vous? do you take? 116, A VEcole. (Voir p. 82.) A quelle heure allez-voiis a I'ecole? At what time do yon go to — school f J'y vais a neuf beiires du matin. I there go at nine o'clock in the moruing. A quelle heure en revenez-vous ? At what time from there do you return ? J'en reviens a deux heures de I'apres-midi. I from there return at two o'clock in the afternoon. fites-vous occupy tout le temps que vous y Stes? Are you occupied all the time — you there are? Nous avons une demi-heure de r^cr^ation a midi. We have half an hour recreation at noon. Combien d'elfeves y a-t-il dans votre classe ? Bow many — scholars are there In your class? Je erois qu'il y en a quinze. I believe that there are — fifteen. Quels jours prenez-vous votre lepon de musique ? (On) what days do you take your music lesson ? Je la prends le Inndi et le jeudi. I it take — Mondays and— Thursdays. Qu'est-ce que vous faites le samedi ? What do you do — Saturdays ? Je ?ors avec mon pero, ou je vais voir mes amis. I go out with my father, or i go to see my friends. 70 IN THE PARLOB—CDntinueO. 117 » Vocabulary, jour de reception, reception day ; indispose, indisposed ; charme de, glad to; une emplette, a purchase ; comment se porte. . . ? liow is. . . ? rencontre, met; je me porte bien, I am well; la bonte, the kindness; la sante, health; aupres de, near; with. 118. Au Salon. (Voir p. 34.) Yoici jeudi, Marie, votre jourde reception. This is Thursday, Mary, your reception day. Monsieur Lambert, je suis charmee de vous voir. Mr. Lambert, I am glad to you see. Comment se porte monsieur Lambert ? How is Mr. Lambert? Ma sante est bonne, mademoiselle ; et la v6tre ? My health is good, Miss ; and (how is) yours ? Merci, monsieur, je me porte bien ; etmadameL. \ Thank you, sir, I am well; and Mrs. L. ? Elle est indispos^e ; elle ne sera pas ici. She is indisposed ; she — will not be here. Est-ce que Louise est restee aupres de sa mere? Has Loaiea remained with her mother? Pardonnez-moi ; elle va venir avec son frere. I beg your pardon ; she will come with her brother. Je vous ai rencontres hier, vous et votre oncle. I you have met yesterday, you and your uncle. Je vous ai vu, mais vous 6tiez d6ja passe. I you saw, but you had already passed. Nous allions faire quelques emplettes. We were going to make a few purchases (to shop). Mon oncle a eu la bonte de m'acheter un eventaiL My uncle has had the kindness to me buy a fan. AT BREAKFAST— Continued. 71 1J9. Vocabulary, on trient de sonner, the bell has descendez, go down; just rung; je suivrai, I will follow; eh bien done! well then I du cafe, coffee; du th6, tea; en retard, late, behind; du poiston, fish ; un pen, a little; ma faute, my fault. 120, A Dejeuner, (Voir p. 86.) A-t-on Sonne pour le dejeuner ? Have they rung for — breakfast? Onvientde sonner, etjenesuis pas encore habillee. The bell has just runor, and I — am not yet dressed. Eh bien done, depechez-vous ; j'ai bien faini. Well then, make haste ; I am very hungry. Ne m'attendez pas ; descendez ; je vous suivrai. — Do not wait for me; go down ; I " you will follow. Bonjour, maman ; nous sommes un peu en retard. Good-morning, mamma ; we are a little behind. C'est ma faute ; je me suis lev^e un peu troptard. It is my fault ; I have risen a little too late. Prenez-vous du cafe, ma niece ? Do you take — coffee, my niece ? Je vous remercie, ma tante, je prends du tli^. I you thank, my aunt, I take — tea. Youlez-vous de la viande ou du poisson ? Will you have — — , meat or — fish 1 Je mangerai un peu de poisson. I will eat a little — fish. Et vous, Pauline, que voulez-vous ? And you, Pauline, what will you have ? Je prendrai un ceuf, maman, et une tasse de lait. I will take an egg, mamma, and a cup of milk. 1% AT A PlOmC— Continued. 121, Vocabulary, asseyons-nous, let us sit-down; une serviette, a napkin; mettez, put ; defaites, undo; unpack; de la limonade, lemonade; ( versez, pour out ; passez, hand; frais, fraiche, fresh, cool; servons-nous, let us make use; decoupez, carve ; une assiette, a plate; un poulet, a chicken. 122, En rique-Nique. (Voir p. 38.) Oh qu'il fait bon ici sous les arbres ! Oh how good it is here under the trees I Asseyons-nous sur ce banc et goutons. Let us sit down on that bench and lunch. Mettez votrecorbeille presdel'arbre, etd^faites-la Put your basket near the tree, and unpack it. Voiei des gateaux et toutes sortes de bonnes choses Here are — cakes and all kinds of good things. Passez les serviettes, et otez les verres du panier. Hand the napldns, and take the glasses out of the basket, Mettez-les sur Fherbe, ici devant nous. Put them on the grass, here before us. Yersez de la limonade, et donnez m'en un verre. Pour out some lemonade, and give me — a glass. Allons cliercher de I'eau au ruisseau. Let us go for — — water to the brook. L'eau du ruisseau est fraiche et bonne. The water of the brook is cool and good. Decoupez le poulet, et passez les assiettes. Carve the chicken, and pass the plates. Nous avons oublie les fourchettes ; il n'y en a pas We have forgotten the forks ; there are none. Qa ne fait I'ien ; servons-nous de nos doigts. That makes (is) nothing ; let us make use of our finders. THE DANOE ON THE SWARD— Continued. 73 123» Vocabulary. ce serait, it would be; vis a vis de, ox)posite; une contredanse, a quadrille; appeler, to call off; un violon, a violin; une figure, a figure; un cavalier, a gentleman; pensfe (a), thought (of); I'ombre, the shade; appris, learned; une place, a place; vm. exemple, an example. 124. La Danse stir la Pelouse. (Voir p. 40.) Si nous dansions, ce serait charmant. If we were to dance, that would be charming. J^ai pense a cela ; j'ai apport^ mon violon. I have thought of that ; 1 have brought my violin. Dansons une contredanse ici a Fombre. Let us dauce a quadrille here in the shade. Cavaliers aupres de vos dames ; en place. Gentlemen to your partners; in ^\txce {take your places), Vousdeux, mettez-vous vis \ vis d 'Henri et Marie. You two, place yourselves opposite Ilenry and Mary. Tiens, Frederic, seras-tu le maitre des ceremonies ? How 80, Frederick, are you to be the master of ceremonies ? Pourquoi pas ; il faut que quelqu'un le soit. Why not ; it is necessary that some one (so) should be. Mais est-ce que tu sais appeler les figures ? But do you know how to call off the figures ? Sans doute ; j'ai appris cela a I'^cole de danse. Undoubtedly; I have learned that at the dancing-school. Parexemple: " Enavant deux; " *' Chassez liuit.'' For instance: " Forward two ; " "Chassez." " Balancez vos dames,'' et ainsi de suite. " Balance," and so forth. Nous y voila ; pa ira ; commenpons. Here we are ; that w.. do ; let us begin. 74 AT WORK—Continued. 125* Vocahtilary, il reste, there remains ; un tiroir, a drawer; j'ai besoin de, I have need of; un canif, a penknife; un echeveau, a skein ; des ciseaux, scissors; une bobine, a spool; la couleur, the color; une aiguille, a needle ; la nuance, the shade; une epingle, a pin. diflferent, different, various. 126. A VOuvrage. (Voir p. 43.) Comment va I'ouvrage ? avance-t-il ? How goes the work ? does it advance ? Ca va bien ; je Faurai fiiii demain. It goes well ; I it shall have finished to-morrow. II me reste encore quelques flenrs a fa ire. There to me remains still a few flowers to be made. J'aurai besoin de soie de diiferentes couleurs. I shall have need of silk of different colors. Voulez-vous m'en acheter quelques ecbeveaux ? Will you tome — buy a few skeins? II y a plusieurs bobines de soie dans votre boite. There are several spools of silk in your box. Ce ne sont pas les nuances qu'il me faut. They — are not the shades which I want. Je ne sals ce que j'ai fait de mes ciseaux.. I don't know what I have done with my scissors. Yoila vos ciseaux dans votre boite a ouvrage. There are your scissors in your work-box. Y a-t-il encore des aiguilles comme celle-ci? Are there still — needles like this one? Tl y a des aiguilles et des epingles dans ce tiroir. There are — needles and — pins in that drawer. Voulez-vous me passer ce canif, s'il vous plait ? Will you tome hand that penknife, if you please? UKDER THE TREES— Continued. 75 127» Vocabulary, il court, he runs; la difference, the difference ; ils courent, they run ; entre, between ; le plus vite, the fastest ; le bois, the wood ; le plus jeune, the youngest ; suivre, to follow. 128. Sous les Arhres. (Voir p. 44.) Yois-tu les deux gargons qui courent la-bas ? Do you see the two boys who are running yonder ? Je les vols courir ; ce sont mes cousins. I them see run ; they are my cousins. Jean court le plus vite, et c^est le plus jeune. John runs the fastest, and he is the youngest. Quelle est la difference d'age entre eux ? What is the difference of age between them? Charles a dix ans, et Jean en a neuf. Charles is ten yean<, and John — is nine. Charles n'est pas fort ; il est souvent malade. Charles — is not Ptrong; he is often sick. C'est pourquoi il ne va pas a I'^cole a present. That is why he — goes not to — school at present. II n'est pas aussi avance que son frbi-e. He — is not so far advanced as his brother. Parce qu'il ne pent pas ^tudier beaucoup. Because he — can not study much. II a eu mal anx j-eux pendant longtemps. He lias had sore eyes' for a long time. lis vont au bois ; voulons-nous les y suivre ? They are going to the wood ; will we them — follow ? Je crois qu'il est temps de retourner a la maison. \ believe that it is time to return home. 76 MINE AND THINE— Continued. 129» Vocabulary, iin parapluie, an umbrella ; nettoyer, to clean ; une galoche, an overshoe; apporter, to bring ; une servante, a servant girl ; rendre, to render, to return] emporter, to carry away ; il nous faut, we want. 130. Le Mien et le Tien. (Voir p. 46.) Sais-tu ou est mon parapluie, Charles? Do you know where is my umbrella, Charles ? Oui, le tien et le mien sont a Fecole. Yes, yours and mine are at — school. Elise n'aura pas besoin du sien ; prends-le. Eliza will not have need of hers; take it. Voici une lepon que je trouve bien difficile. Here is a lesson which I find very difficult. La niienne est aiissi difficile que la tienne. Mine Is as difficult as yours. Chaque eleve trouve la sienne difficile. Every scholar finds his difficult. Oil sont mes galoches ; le sais-tu ? Where are my overshoes; it do you know? Les tiennes et les miennes sont en bas. Yours and mine are down-stairs. La. ^^Trvante les a eniportees pour les nettoyer. The servant them has carried away to them clean. Dites-lui de nous les apporter tout de suite. Tell her to to us them bring immediately. II nous les faut ; nous allons sortir. We want them ; we are going out. Nous allons rendre visite a nos amis. We are going to pay a visit to our friends. THE CHOICE- Continued. 77 131. Vocabulary, de I'or, gold ; un ruban, a ribbon ; de I'argent, silver; money; regard ez, look ; un collier, a necklace ; examinez, examine ; une croix d'or, a gold cross ; vous avez raison (de), you are right; une montre, a watch ; choisir, to choose ; une chaine, a chain; un avis, an opinion ; bleu, blue. 132, Le Choix. (Voir p. 48.) Voyez les belles ehoses, les colliers et les croix. Behold the pretty things, the necklaces and the crosses. Kegardez, examinez, et faites votre choix. Look, examine, and make (take) your choice. Yoici une croix d'or, et voila une chaine. Here is a golden croso, and there a chain. Je prends les deux ; ces ehoses vont ensemble. I take both; those things go together. Vous avez raison de choisir eomme vous le faites. You are right to choose as you — do. Etde ces deux chapeaux, lequel vous plait le mieux? And of these two bonnets, which to yoti pleases best? Celui aux rubans bleus me plait mieux que I'autre. The one with the blue ribbons me pleases better than the other. Lesquels de ces rubans trouvez-vous les plusjolis? Which of these ribbons do you find the prettiest? Je trouve ceux-ci plus jolis que ceux-la. I find these prettier than those. Dites-moi quelle montre est la meilleure? Tell me which watch is the best? Celle d'or e«t meilleure que celle d'argent. The one of gold irt better than the one of silver. Nous sommes du meme avis ; j'en suis content. We are of the same opinion ; I of it am glad. 78 THE SAL UTA TION— Continued. 133. Vocabulary, unparent,uneparente, a relative; connu, known; endormi, asleep ; nous appelions, we called, used elle avait I'air, slie looked as if ; to call ; revenu, returned, come back ; ferme, shuts, closee ; en ville, a la ville, in town, tc I'cBil, the eye ; town ; 9n lisant, when reading ; a la campagne, in the country. 134, Le Salut. (Voir p. 50.) Quelle est la dame que vous venez de saluer? Who is the lady whom you have just bowed to ? C'est uiie de iios parentes ; elle demeure pres d'ici. She is oue of our relatives (a relative of ours) ; she lives near here. C'est elle doiit la petite est morte, I'autre jour. It is she whose little girl died, the other day. Vous Tavez connue ; elle allait a iiotre ecole. You her have known ; she used to go to our school. Nous I'appelions toujours "La Petite Ferme rffiil.'' We her used to call always " Little Close tlie Eye." Parce qu' elle avait Fair endormi quand elle lisait. Because she looked as if (she was) asleep when she was reading. C^^tait une bonne fille que tout le monde aimait. She was a good girl whom everybody liked. Quand votre tante est-elle revenue de la campagne? When has your aunt — returned from the country? Elle est arrivee en ville hier jh4- soir. She has arrived in town yesterday evening (last ni^ht). Mon cousin Charles est revenu a la ville avec elle. My cousin Charles has returned to town with her. Mes cousines sont restees a la campagne. My cousins have remained in the country. N'oubliez pas de dire a Charles de venir me voir. Po not forget to tell — Charles to come me to see (to call on roe). THE VISIT— Continued. 79 l*'i5. Vocabulary, entendu, heard ; prier, to ask ; un medecin, a physician, a doctor \ egal, equal, same ; il faudra, it will be necessary ; c'est 6gal, it is the same; no matter; au logis, at home; sa carte, his card; donn&, given ; repasser, to call again ; les cheveux, the hair; la bonte, the kindness ; 136. La Visite. (Voir p. 52.) Avez-vous entendu sonner? Have yoa heard (the bell) ring ? Marie est allee ouvrir la porta. Mary has gone to open the door. C'est un monsieur qui demande M. votre p^re. It is a gentleman who asks for — your father. Faites-le entrer au salon, et priez-le de s'asseoir. Hake him enter (show him in) the parlor, and ask him to be seated. Je crois que monsieur votre pfere est sorti. I believe that — your father is out. C'est ^o^al. Yous a-t-il donne sa carte ? No matter. To you has he given his card ? La voici. II s'appelle monsieur La Borde. Here it is. His name is Mr. La Borde. C'est un liomme a cheveux blancs qui a I'air d'un He is a man with white hair who has the look of a m^decin. physician (looks like). C'est le vieux monsieur que mon pere attendait. It is the old gentleman whom my father was expecting. II faudra lui dire que papa n'est pas au logis./ ~ It will be necessary him to tell that papa — is not in. ^'L-Aj^j-^ Priez-le d'avoir la bonte de repasser demain. Ask him to have the kindness to call again to-morrow. Dites-lui que papa est toujours a lamaison a midi. Tell him that papa is always at home at noon. 80 8UNBI8E— Continued. 137* VocahiUary, se lever, to rise ; conduire, to conduct ; to take ; ensuite, then, afterwards ; entrer (dans), to enter ; servi, served up ; un pensionnat, a boarding-school je suis press6, I am in a hurry ; elle reviendra, she will return. 138, Le Lever ilu Soleil. (Voir p. 54.) Ce matin je me suis leve avant le lever du soleil This morning 1 have risen before sunrise. De ma fenetre j'ai vu le soleil se lever. I'roiu my window I have seen the sun rise. Je me suis lave et je me suis habill^. 1 myself washed and — — — dressed. Ensuite je suis descendu pour dejeuner. Then T have come down to breakfast. Ma mere et ma soeur etaient dans la salle a manger My mother and — sister were in the dining-room. o Le dejeuner etait servi ; nous etions presses. -^ Brealifast was served up ; we were in a hurry. Ma mere et ma soeur allaient parti r. My mother and — sister were going to leave. A.pres le dejeuner elles sont parties en voiture. After — breakfast they have started in a carriage. Ma m^re est allee conduire ma soeur a L. . . . My mother has gone to take my sister to L. . . . Ma soeur doit y entrer dans un pensionnat. My sister is to there enter into a boarding-school. Elle va y rester pendant deux ou trois ans. She is going there to stay for two or three years. Quand elle reviendra, elle parlera frangais. Whea ebe returns, she will speak French. ON THE ICB— Continued. 81 139, Vocabulary, la saiaon, the season ; agreable, agreeable, pleasant ; le printemps, spring ; fort, very; moins, lesss; I'ete, biunnier ; pousser, to shoot up; de nouveau, ancAv; I'automne, autumn ; reverdir, to grow green again ; I'hiver, winter ; renaitre, to spring up again; la terre, the earth ; chanter, to sing; se rfejouir, to rejoice. 14:0, Sur la Glace. (Voir p. 56.) Henri, quelle est la saisoii que tiiaimes le mieiix? Henry, which is the Beaton that you like best? C'est rhiver ; parce qu'alors nous aliens patiner. It is — winter ; because then we go ekating. Et quand la neige couvre la terre on va en traineau. And when — snow covers the earth one goes in a sleigh. Moi, je n'aime pas I'hiver ; j'aime mieux I'ele. — I do not like — winter; I like better —summer. En 6t6 on est a la campagne, et c'est fort agreable. In summer, we are in the country, and that is very pleasant. On ne va pas a F^cole, et I'on s'amuse tout le temps. We do not go to — school, and — amuse ourselves all the Ihne. II fait tropchaud en ^te ; j'aime mieux I'automne. It is too warm in summer ; I like better — autumn. En automne il fait moins cliaud, etl'on se porte mieux. In autumn it is less warm, and one feels better. Pour moi, le printemps est la saison la plus belle For me, — spring is the season the most beautiful. Alorsl'herbe pousse de nouveau, la terre reverdit. Then the grass shoots np anew, the earth grows green again Les fleurs renaissent, et les oiseaux chantent. The flowers spring up again, and the birds sing. Tout rajeuuit et tout se r^Jouit. Everything revives and everything rejoices. 82 MAMMA'S BIRTEDA T—Continued. 141, Vocabulary, I'anniversaire, the anniversary ; feu d'artifice, fire-works ; le mariage, the marriage ; tirer, to draw ; to set off (fire-works)' No§l, Christmas ; un petard, a cracker ; le jour de I'an, New- Year's day; armes a feu, fire-arms ; les etrennes \ ^ew-Year's gifts ; presque, almost ; puis, and then ; ' ( Christmas-box ; notre Sauveur, our Saviour. 142, La FSte de Maman, (Voir p. 58.) Quel est le jour de Fannee que tu aimes le mieux ? Which is the day of the year that you like best ? C'est le dix juin, Tanniversaire de la f^te de maiiian. It is the tenth of June, the anniversary of mamma's birthday. Ensuite j'aiine presque autant le quinze mai. Then I lilie almost as much the fifteenth of May. C'est raniiiversaire de la fete de papa. That is the anniversary of papa's birthday. II y a aussi le seize avril que nous c616brons. There is also the sixteenth of April which we celebrate. C'est ranniversaire du mariage de mes parents. It ,48 the anniversary of the marriage of my parents. J'aime la fete de Noel ; c'est la f^te de notre Sauveur. I like Christmas ; it is our Saviour's birthday. Ce jour-la mes oncleset mes tantes dinent avecnous. (On) that day my uncles and my aunts dine with us. Puis j'aime le jour de I'an; c'est le jour des etrennes. And then I like New Year's Day ; it is the day for presents. N'aimes-tu pas le quatre juillet, la fete nationale? Do you not like the fourth of July, the national festival ? J'aime le jour, et le feu d'artifice qu'on tire le soir. I like the day, and the fire-works which they set ofi" in the evening. Mais je n'airae pas le bruit des petards et des But I -^ do not like the noise of the crackers and — arm OS a feu. jQr -Mi-iua, A VISIT lO THE MARKET. 83 143. Une Visite au MarchS, Samedi passe j'ai ele au marclie avec mon pere. On Saturday last I went to the market with my father. J'y ai vu toutes sortes de legumes et de fruits en 1 there eaw all kinds of vegetables and — fruits in grandes quantit^s. II y avait des choux, des large quantities. There were — cabbages, — choux-fleurs, des pommes de terre, des 6pis de cauliflowers, — potatoes, — ears of mais, des navets, des carottes, des oignons, des com, — turnips, — carrots, — onions, — haricots et des pois. beans, and — peas. On y voyait des tas de melons, des barils One there saw — heaps of melons, — barrels de |)ommes et de poires, des sacs de noix, des of apples and — pears, — bags of nuts, — paniers de peclies et de prunes, des caisses d'o- baskets of peaches and — plums, — boxes of or- ranges, de citrons, de figues, de dattes et de anges, — lemons, — figs, — dates and raisin. grapes. D'un autre c6t^ c'etait de la viande de boucherie ; On another side there was — — butcher's meat : du boeuf, du veau, du mouton, et de Tagneau. — beef, — veal, — mutton, and — — lamb. Plus loin il y avait de la volaille : des dindes, des Farther on there was — — poultry : — turkeys, -» 84: ^ VISIT TO THE MARKET. poules, des poulets, des oies, des canards et des hen?, — thickens, — geese, •— ducks and pigeons. pigeons. Tout autour du marche 6taient ranges des All around the market were drawn up — chariots et des charrettes, qui avaient apport^ wagons and — carts, which had brought toutes ces choses. all these things. Partout il y avait une foule immense de gens Everywhere there was a crowd immense of people qui y ^taient venus, les uns pour vendre, les who there had come, some to sell, autres pour acheter. Tout ce monde parlait others to buy. All these people spoke constamment. C'^tait un bruit de voix vraiment constantly! It was a noise of voices truly ^tourdissant. deafening. Mon pfere voulait me menerau march^au poisson, My father wislicd me to take to the fish market, mais je Tai prie de me reconduire a la maison. but I him begged to me reconduct home. J'etais tres-fatigu6, et si ^tourdi que je n'aurais I was very tired, and so stunned that I — would pas su retrouver mon chemin, si mon pere not have known how to find back my way, lif iry father n 'avait pas 6te avec moi. had not been with m« OUR HOUSE. " 85 14:4:, Notre Maison, Notre maison est spacieuse et commode. Mon Our house is spacious and convenient. My pfere Ta fait batir pour nous, il y a quelques ann^es. father had it built for us, a few years ago. Elle a quatre etages et un sous-sol. Au dessous It has four stories and a basement. Below du sous-sol est la cave, ou Ton met le charbon et the basement is the cellar, where — they put the coal and le bois a bruler. La il y a aussi le calorilere, the fire-wood. There is also the calorifer (furnace), qui ebauffe toutes les parties de la maison, en which warms all the parts of the house, in envoyant Fair chaud dans tons les appartements, sending hot air into all the rooms, au moyen de tuyaux enferm^s dans la magonnerie by means of pipes inclosed in the masonwork des murs. Ces tuyaux, qui sont de tole ou de of the walls. These pipes, which are of sheet iron or — ferblanc, conduisent a des ouvertures pratiqu^es tin plate, lead to — openings made dans les murs des appartements, et qu'on nomme in the walls of the rooms, and which we call bouches de chaleur. On pent les ouvrir et les registers. One can them open and — fermer a volont6. shut as one wishes. Le sous-sol, qui est plus bas de trois pieds que le The basement, which is lower by three feet than the rez de chauss6e, contient la cuisine et les offices, fevel of the street, contains the kitchen and the pantries, 86 OUR HOUSE. et anssi ime grande piece a Fusage des domes- and al?o a large room for the use of tht serv- tiques. ants. Au premier il y a le salon, la bibliotheque et On the first floor are the parlor, — library and la salle a mano;er. Au second, sur le devant, il v a dining-room. On the second floor, in the front, is Tappartement de mes parents, et sur le derriere, the apartment of my parents, and in the rear (are), ma charabre et la chambre des enfants. L^ salle de bains est au centre, entre la chambre de bath-room is in the centre, between the front devant et la chambre de derriere. room and the back room. Au troisieme il v a quatre chambres a coucher, On the third floor there are four sleeping-rooms, et au quatrieme il y en a deux, et une grande and on the fourth there are two, and a large piece ouverte, qu'on appelle grenier, et ou Ton open place, which they call garret, and where — they met toutes sortes de choses. put all kinds of things. La maison a deux portes d'entr^e. L^une est The house has two street doors. The one is la porte du sous-sol. Elle est dans I'aire au dessous the basement door. It is in the area below du perron. II fant descendre quatre marches the stoop. One has to go down four steps pour y arriver. L'autre porte conduit au premier. to get there. The other door leads to the first floor. OUR HOUSE. 87 On y arrive de la rue en niontant le perron de pierre, One reaches there from the street in ascending the stone stoop, qui a huit marches. Cette porte donne dans which has eight steps. Ttiis door opens into le vestibule. Une seconde porte admet dans I'in- the vestibule. A second door gives access to the in- t^rieurdelamaisou. En entrant dans le corridor terior of the house. Upon enterin I^ like — them to see caress each other and — them to hear roucouler. coo. Ici est le bureau ou je prepare mes devoirs de Here is the desk at which I prepare my school- classe, et la est la commode dans laquelle je serre task, and there is the chest of drawers in which I put away mes effets. Maman est tres-stricte ; elle ne veut my things. Mamma is very strict; she does not wish pas qu'on laisse trainer sur les chaises quoi que that one leaves hanging upon the chairs anything ce soit. Elle vient parfois rendre visite a ma whatsoever. She comes sometimes to pay a visit to my chambre a I'improviste, et elle serait mecontente room unexpectedly, and she would be displeased de voir la moindre chose hors de sa place. — to see the least thing out of its place. J'acheverai de vous laisser voir mon interieur, I will finish you to show my home, en ouvrant ce cabinet, qui contient ma garde-robe : by opening this closet, which contains my wardrobe : robes, jupons, linge, chaussures, et le reste. dresses, petticoats, linen, shoes, boots, and the rest. HISTOEIETTES. 1, Les PSches, Un ouvrier^ de la campagne^ rapport a^ un jour k sa femme^et k ses quatre enfants cinq belles peches. Les enfants voyaient^ ce fruit pour la premiere fois ; ils en admiraient^ la fraiche couleur^ et le fin duvet^. Le soir^ le p^re leur dit^ : " Avez-vous mang6 le beau fruit que je vous ai donn^ ce matin ? — Oui, s'ecria I'ain^^^, c'est excellent. Aussi^* j'en ai^* soigneusement^^ garde le noyau. Je le planterai^*, et j'esp^re qu'il en sortira^^ un arbre. — Bien, dit le pere ; c'est une bonne chose que d'etre econome^* et de penser k Tavenir^"^. — Moi, dit le plus petit, j'ai tout de suite^^ mange ma peche, et ma m^re m'a encore donn6 la nioitie de la sienne^> C'etait doux comma du mie?^. — Ah ! repondit^^ le pere, tu as ete un peu gourmand^. Mais k ton 4ge, c'est pardonnable^. 1. The flgnrea refer to the notes, p. , etc. Words which have frequently oc- cnrred in the preceding lessons are not repeated in the notes. 102 THE PEACHES. Les annees^te corrigeront^^, j'espere, de ce defaut^. — Moi, dit un troisieme, j'ai ramasse^''^ le noyau que mon petit frere avait jete^ par terre. Je Tai brise^, et j'y ai trouve une amande^^ qui avait le gout d'une noix^^ Mais j'ai vendu^ ma peche, et avec I'argent que j'en ai regu^, je puis^ en acheter^ plusieurs autres quand j'irai^ k la ville." V Le pere secoua^^ la tete. " Cela pent paraitre^^ une ingenieuse idee, mais j'aimerais mieux^^ moins de calcul. Et toi, Ed- mond, as-tu goute^ ta peche ? — Mon pere, repondit Edmond, je I'ai portee^^ au fils de notre voisin, au pauvre Georges, qui est malade de la fievre'*l II ne voulaif**^ pas la prendre^, mais je I'ai posee^ sur son lit^^, et je me suis eloigDe*''. — Eh bien^^, mes enfants, demanda^*^ le pere, qui de vous a fait^ le meilleur usage du fruit que je vous ai donne ? " Et trois des gargons s'ecrierent : " C'est notre frere Edmond ! " Edmond ne disait rien, et sa mere I'embrassa^^ avec des larmes^^ dans les yeux^. THE STRAWBERRIES. 103 2, Les Fraises, Un vieux soldat, qui avait une jambe de bois\ arriva dans un village^ oii il tomba^ subitement^ malade. Ne pouvanf* continuer sa route, il fut oblige^ de se coucher^ sur la paille''' dans une grange^, et il etait fort k plaindre^. La petite Agathe^^, fille d un vannier" tres-pauvre, ressentit^^ la compassion la plus vive^^ pour le nialheureux invalifle^l Elle allait le voir^^ tons les jours, et chaque fois elle lui donnait vingt centiraes^^. Mais un soir Tbonnete soldat lui demanda d'un ton fort inquiet^'^ : " Ma ch^re enfant, j'ai appris^^ aujourd'hui que vos parents sont pauvres. Dites-moi^^ done franehement ou vous trouve:? tout cet argent ; car j'airaei'ais mieux mourir de faim^ que d'acceptei*^* un centime que vous ne pourriez me donner en bonne conscience^. — Oh ! repondit Agathe, soyez sans inquietude^. Cet argent est legitimement^ accpiis^. Je vais k r^cole dans le bourg^ voisin. Pour y arriveif il me faut^ traverser un petit bois oil il y a^ une grande quantite de fraises^ Chaque fois que 104 THE CHERRIES. passe, j'en remplis^^ un petit paniei*^^ que je vends^^ dans le bourg, et Ton m'en domie^ vingt centimes. Mes parents savent bien^^ que je vous apporte cet argent, et ils ne s'y opposent point^^ lis disent souvent qu'il y a des gens'^^ encore plus pauvres que nous, et que nous devons^^ leur faire autant de bien^^ que nos nioyens^^ nous le permettent." Le vieux soldat sentit*'' des larmes d'attendrisse- ment^^ rouler de ses yeux^^ et mouiller ses mous- taches^. " Genereuse enfant, s'ecria-t-il, que le bon Dieu vous recompensed^, vous et vos parents, de ces sen- timents d'humanite ! " 3. Les Cerises* Une jeune fille, qui s'appelait Sabine^ et dont les parents^ etaient tres-riches, occupait une chambre meublee^ avec beaucoup d'elegance, mais d un aspect desagreable^ k cause du desordre^ qui y regnait^. Sabine ne la rangeait^ jamais, et toutes les exhortations que sa mere lui fai^^ait k cet egard^ restaient infructueuses^. Un dimanche apres-midi, Sabine achevait sa THE CHERniES. 105 toilette^^ et se disposait k soi-tir quand la iille du voisin lui apporta line corbeille remplie" de grosses cerises noires^. [_pomme la table, les chaises, la commode^^, et meme les tablettes des fenetres^^ etaient encombrees^'^ de vetements et d'autres ob- jets, Sabine plaga provisoirement^^ la corbeille sur un fauteuil garni^'' d'une-^toffe de soie bleue. Puis, elle alia se promener avec sa mere dans le village. Le soir, quand I'obscurite^^ fut venue, elle rentra k la maison et monta aussitot^® k sa chambre. Comme elle etait fatiguee de la promenade qu'elle avait faite, elle se jeta^ dans le fauteuil. Mais k peine y eut-elle pris place^, qu'elle se rele va brusquement^ en poussant un grand cri deffroi^: elle s etait assise precisement sur la corbeille de cerises. Au cri que la jeune fille avait jete^, sa m^re accourut^, une lumi^re k la main^. Quel spectacle^ s^offrit alors k leurs yeux ! Les cerises etaient toutes ecra- sees^, un Jus noir coulait^ de tous cotes le long du fauteuil^, et la robe neuve de Sabine, une robe de taffetas blanc, en etait tellement endommagee^^ qu*elle ne put dorenavant plus servir^. La mere voyant cela, reprimanda** sev^rement sa fille. ^06 THE PLUMS. "'iu vols inaintenant, ajouta-t-elle^, combien il est necessaire de ranger sa chambre, et de mettre chaque chose k sa place. Te voil^ bien punie^ de ta negligence, et de tes habitudes de desordre." 4, Les Prunes, Un jour M™® de Halden etait allee*, avec sea quatre enfants, faire visite^ k leur grand-pere, qui les re^ut dans son beau jardin. Le vieillard^ ap- porta sur une feuille de vigne"^ quatre prunes, qui etaient jaunes^ comme de Tor et aussi grosses que des ceufs^. C'etaient les seules'^ qu'il eiit trouvees mures®. "Je vous laisse^, leur dit-il en plaisantant^^, le soin de cliercher" vous-memes un moyen de parta- ger^^, sans fraction, ces quatre prunes entre^^ cinq personnes. — Oh ! je m'en charge^*, repondit Lenore, la plus kgee des deux filles. Seulement^^, permettez-moi de combiner k ma guise^^ les nombres pairs avec les impairs^V Alors elle prit^® les quatre prunes et dit : " Ma soeur, moi et une prune font trois^® ; mes THE JAR OF HONEY. 107 Jeux fr^res et une prune font aussi trois ; deux prunes et maraan font encore trois^. De cette maniere le partage est exact, et il n'y a point de fraction." Les fr^res et la soeur de L^nore furent enchantes de cette repartition^^ Mais M™® de Halden, ravie de^ Tinge nieuse combinaison que sa iille venait de faire^, et surtout^ de la bonte de coeur qu'elle venait de montrei*^, voulut^^ que chacun de ses enfants accept4t^ une prune. Le grand-pere donna, en outre^, un beau bouquet k Lenore. "Car, dit-il, si I'ingenieux calcul de ma petite Lenore fait beaucoup d'honneur^ k son esprit, il en fait plus encore^ k son coeur filial." 5, Le Pot de Miel, Un jour la mere de la petite Marguerite ^tait fort occupee dans la cuisine, et elle dit : "Mon enfant, va vite me chercber^ un citron'. Voil^ la clef du garde-mangerl" Quand la petite fille se trouva dans le garde- manger, elle le parcourut* des yeux avec une grande cnriosite, ]^on'- voir s'il n'y avait pas 108 THE JAR OF HONEY. quelque friandise^ dont elle put^ se regaler secrete- ment. Elle apergut''' bientot siir une planche^ un vase ou elle savait^ qu'il se trouvait du miel. Alors elle se Mssa^^ sur la pointe des pieds aussi haut qu elle put, pour atteindre" le pot et y plonger^^ le bout du doigt^l Mais k peine eut-elle introduit le doigt dans le vase qu'elle se sentit pincer^^ d'une maniere hor- rible. Elle poussa^^ un cri de douleur, retira vive- ment^^ la main, et vit attachee k son doigt une grosse ecrevisse^^ qui I'avait saisie^^ avec ses pinces^^ et qui ne voulait pas lecher prise^. En effet^\ la mere avait vendu le miel quelques jours auparavant^^, et comme le pot se trouvait vide^, elle j avait depose une quantite d ecrevisses, circonstance^ qu'elle seule connaissait. Au cri de sa fille^, la mere accourut^ tout effrayee au garde-manger, degagea^''' des pinces de Tecrevisse le doigt meurtri^ de Tenfant, et dit: " Que cette le-gere punition te soit^ un avertisse- ment utile. La friandise pourrait avoir pour toi des suites^ bien plus funestes encore. II n'y a que trop de gens^^ qui, apres s'etre habitues a ce THE TURNIP. 109 defaut pendant qu'ils etaient jennes, ont depense^ leur argent et detruit^ leur sante en se livrant k ce mauvais penchant^. 6. Tie NaveU Un pauvre journalier^ avait tire^ de son potagei*' un navet d'une grosseur^ extraordinaire, et qui faisait^ Tadmiration de tout le inonde. "Je vais le porter au chateau^, dit-il, et en f aire hommage^ h M. le corate®, ear il aime extreme- ment que Ton soigne® les champs et \es jardins." II le porta done au chateau. Le seigneur^® le loua" beaucoup de^^ son zele, le remercia de^^ son attention, et lui donna trois pieces d'or. Un ferinier^^ du menie village, qui etait tr^s- riche, mais en meme temps tr^s-avare^^, entendit parler^^ de ce qui s etait passe^*. "J'ai un veau^'' superbe, dit-il ; je vais h I'ins- tant meme^^ le conduire au cliateau. Si M. le comte a donne trois pieces d'or pour un miserable navet, combien ne men donnera-t-il pas pour un veau comme le mien ? " Aussitot^^, il passa une corde au cou^ de I'ani- 110 HONESTY REWARDED. mal, le mena au chateau, et pria^^ le seigneur cle I'accepter. Mais le comte, qui comprenait fort bien le mobile^ secret de Tavare, refusa d'accepter le present. Cependant^, le metayer'^ insista et continua de supplier^ le seigneur de ne pas refuser un si mo- deste liommage. Le comte etait un homme de grand sens. " Eh bien, dit-il, puisque^^ vous le voulez abso- lument, jaccepte votre cadeau'^''. Mais, comme vous etes si genereux envers^ nioi, je ne veux pas letre moins envers vous. Aussi^^, je veux vous faire un present qui m'a coiite^^ deux fois, et meme trois fois autant^^ que la valeur de votre veau." Apres avoir acbeve ces paroles, il offrit au pay- san interdit^ et consterne le gros navet dont il avait entendu parler. • 7. La JProbite BecompensSe, Dans une petite campagne^ vivait^ naguer^' une pauvre famille de bticherons'* ; elle etait composee du pere, nomm^ Jean Morin, de la mere et d'une petite fiUe, seule enfant. A six ans^ la petite HONESTY REWARDED, 111 . Marie lisait tr^s-courammeut et avait appris^ toutes ses pri^res ; elle faisait''^ la joie et Tesperance de ses parents ; mais le malheur devait® frapper bien- tot cette lionnete famille, et detruire^ son avenir de bien-etre et de tranquilite. Dans le courant du raois de juin, la m^re Morin vint h mourir^^, et, deux mois apr^s, son mari succombait^^ aussi, atteint^ d'une pleuresie. La petite Maiie se trouvait done orpheline avant I'^ge de sept ans. Que pouvait devenir^^ cette malbeureuse enfant, sans appui^^, sans asile ? Trop jeune encore, et trop faible pour garder lea bestiaux^^ des fermes, elle dut^^ mendier pour sou- tenir sa triste existence. On ne saurait^'' raconter les souffrances de la jeune Marie, les privations^^ de toutes sortes quelle eut k endurer^® : le froid, la faini, le manque d'abri^, ' -"^^ et sou vent des paroles dures et brutales^^ Au milieu^ de ces tribulations, Marie, douce et resignee, n'oublia^ jamais d clever son coeur vers Dieu, le vrai p^re des pauvres. Deux ann^es s ecoul^rent^ ainsi. Un matin, en passant sur la route de Tours, elle apergut au bord^ d'un fosse, 113 HOI{ESTY REWARDED. un portefeuille quelle eut soin^^ de ramasser, avec rintention bien arretee^ de le rendre^ a eelui qui I'avait perdu. Tandis^ qu'elle reflechissait aux moyens qu'elle emploierait^" pour en decouvrir^^ le maitre, un roulier^^ vint a passer. Marie lui de- manda un conseil. / Le voiturier^^ ouvrit le porte- feuille et reconnut^, par les lettres qu'il contenait, qu'il appartenait^ k M. le marquis de B.... On y trouvait, entre autres papiers^^, quarante mille francs en billets de banque^l "II y a la une for- tune, dit rhonnete roulier k I'enfant ; mais nous ne devons point desirer le bien d'autrui^, et tu as bien fait, mon enfant, de songei-^^ k le rendre. Viens avec moi k Tours, et tu rendras toi-meme le portefeuille." "Arrivee^ a Tours, la jeune iille se rendit^^ avec le roulier cbez le marquis et lui presenta le porte- feuille. Celui-ci^ le reconnut en effet pour celui^ qu'il avait perdu la veille^. " Votre probite merite"^^ une recompense, dit-il au roulier et k la jeune iille. Vous, pere Simon, vous me devez^ douze cents francs et les interets de deux ans ; voici votre quittance^^. Prenez^, en THE OORE. 113 outre, ces dix mille francs, et quails vous servent'^^ a Clever vos enfants dans des sentiments aussi hon- netes que les votres. "Et vous, reprit-iP, en s'adressant k Marie, vous me permettrez^^ de remplacer les parents que la mort vous a ravis^*. Je n'avais qu'une enfant, qui aurait votre age^ ; je I'ai perdue ; remplacez- la ; devenez^ ma fille d adoption, et beniss^s^^^ la memoire de votre pere, qui a su^ vous iuspirer des sentiments aussi probes^''^." 8, nOgre. Deux petits gargons de la ville setaient ^gar5<^* au fond^ d'une vaste foret. lis furent obliges d« passer la nuit dans une auberge^ isolee et de mau- vaise apparence. Vers minuit* ils entendirent parler^ dans une chambre voisine^ de celle ou ils se trouvaient. Tons deux appliquerent I'oreille k la muraille^, pour ^coutei-^ ce qu'on disait. lis entendirent distinctement ces paroles : "Femme, tu auras soin^*^ d'ecurer le chaudron" 114 THE OORff. demain de bon matin^^, car je veux couper^^ la gorge k nos deux petits citadins^^" Les pauvres enfants faillirent^^ mourir de peur en entendant^^ le maitre de la maison parler de la sorte, et ils se dirent^'' tout bas^^ Tun k I'autre : " Helas ! cet homme est assurement^^ un ogre." En disant ces mots, ils s'approclierent^ de la fe- netre et sauterent^^ dans la cour pour se sauver^l Malheureusement, ils trouverent la porte fermee. N'ayant aucun moyen d'echapper, ils se glis- s^rent^ dans le trou aux porcs^, et y passerent le reste de la nuit dans une anxiete impossible k de- crire^. Aux premieres lueurs du matin^^, le maitre de la maison entra dans la cour, ouvrifc le trou aux pores, se mit^ k aiguiser son couteau, et s'ecria : "Allons^, mes petits gargons, sortez^ de 1^, car votre derniere heure est venue ! " Les deux enfants pousserent^ un cri lamentable, et supplierent^^ k deux genoux I'homme de ne pas leur oter la vie^. Fort etonne^ de les trouver dans Tetable k porcs^, celui-ci leur demanda s'ils le prenaient^ pour un ogre. Les petits gargons lui I'epondirent : THE BEQOAR. Ho "N'avez-vous pas dit vous-meme, cette nuit, k votre femme, que vous nous oouperiez la gorge ce matin ? " Alors Taubergiste^ s'ecria : " Oh ! les petit s insenses^'' que vous etes ! Ce n'est pas k vous que je pensais"^. Je voula's par- ]er** de mes deux eochons de lait^, que j'appelais, par badinage'*^, mes deux petits citadins, parce que c*est dans la ville que je les ai achetes. Mais voil^ ce qui arrive'^ quand on ecoute aux portes ou aux murailles. On comprend mal'^ certaines choses, certaines autres nous suggerent^ de faux soupgons ; on se cree"*^ de vaines inquietudes et des craintes chimeriques^, et Ton s'attire souvent des chagrins'*'' qui n'ont pas de cause. 9, La Mendiante, Dans un temps de famine^ par une rude et froide saison d'hiver^, une pauvre femme inconnue^ etait entree dans le village, et allait de porte en porte* demander I'aumone^ Ses vetements etaient propres^, mais tout uses et rapieces*^ en divers en- droits®. Coninie la neige tombait en abondance, et 116 THE BEGGAR. 10 que le vent soufflait^ avec force, elle avait serre autour de sa tete un mouchoir, qui ne laissait k decouvert^^ qu'une partie du visage. Elle te- nait^^ k la main droite^^ un baton, et au bras gauche^^ elle portait un panier. Dans la plupart^^ des maisons on ne lui donnait^^ qu'une miserable aumone ; encore^''' la lui passait- on^ simplement par la f enetre ; il se trouva meme quelques gens ricbes qui la renvoyerent^^ avec durete. Un seul villageois^^, I'un des moins aises^^, la fit entrer^^ dans sa chambre, oil regnait^ une douce chaleur, et sa femme, qui venait de cuire^^ un gateau, en donna un gros morceau k la pauvre mendiante. Le lendemain , tous les gens k la porte desquels 1 etrangfere etait venue^^ demander Taumone, f urent invites^ k souper au chateau d'un seigneur fort riche, qui habitait^ le village. lis ne s'attendaient guere^ k cet honneur. Et ce fut pour eux un sujet^de grand etonnement. Lorsqu'ils entrerent dans la salle k manger, ils y virent^^ deux tables, dont Tune etait chargee de mets delicats^^ et q\\o\- ws ; I'autre, beaucoup plus grande, etait couverte^' THE BEGGAR 117 d'une quantite d'assiettes, siir lesquelles se trou- vaient seulement, soit^ un petit morceau de pain moisi*^, soit^ une couple de pommes de terre, soit une poignee de son^ ; sur quelques-unes meme il n'y avait rien da tout^. Aloi-s la dame du chateau leur dit : " Cette mendiante deguisee* qui s'est pr^sent^e hier k votre porte, c'etait moL " Dans le temps de detresse^ ou nous sommes, et ou le pauvre a tant de peine** a trouver de quoi vivre**, j'ai voulu mettre k 1 epreuve^ votre bien- faisance. Les deux braves gens que voici*^ m*ont permis*^ de me r^chauffer'*^ k leur foyer, et m'ont nourrie'*''^ aussi bien qu'ils I'ont pu. C'est pour- quoi^ ils souperont aujourd'hui avec moi, et je leur ferai une pension"*® pour le reste de leurs jours. Quant^ k vous autres, regalez-vous des aumones que vous m'avez faites ; vous les trouve- rez 1^ sur ces assiettes. Que ce qui vous arrive aujourd'hui soit^* pour vous une utile legon, et reflechissez qu'il vous sera fait^^, dans Tautre monde, selon^ ce que vous aurez fait, dans celui ci, k votre prochain'^." 118 THE GRASSHOPPER AND THE ANT, 10, La Cigale et la FourmU La cigale ayant chante Tout Tete, Se trouva fort depourvae Quand la bise^ fut venue: Pas un seul petit morceau De mouche^ ou de vermisseau^ Elle alia crier famine^ Chez la fourmi, sa voisine, La priant de lui preter Quelque grain pour subsister Jusqu'^ la saison nouvelle. Je vous pairai^, lui dit-elle, Avant Taouf^, foi d'animaP, Interet et principal. La fourmi n'est pas pretense^, C'est 1^ son moindre defaut^^. Que faisiez-vous au temps cliaud? Dit-elle k cette emprunteuse". Nuit et jour, k tout venant^^, Je chantais, ne vous deplaise^^ Vous chantiez ! j'en suis fort aise^^ Eh bien ! dansez maintenant. PART THIRD, CONTAININO A CORRECT ENGLISH VERSION OF THE FRENCH EXERCISES IN PART FIRST AND PART SECOND. A CORRECT ENGLISH VERSION OP THE FRENCH EXER- CISES IN PART FIRST AND PART SECOND. 2. Charles and Mary, (Page 20.) Who has Mary's thimble ? — Charles has Mary's thimble. — Where is Charles? — Charles is here. — Where is Charles's key? — Charles's key is there. — The thimble and the key. 4, Papa ami Mamma, (Page 21.) I see papa and mamma on the sofa. — Here are Charles and Mary. — There is Charles's key on the table. — Where is the chair? — The chair is under the table. — Who is there ? — It is Ann or Eliza. 7. The Father, Mother, and Child, (Page 32.) I see a man, a woman, and a child. — The child has an orange. — The man is the father of the child. — The woman is the mother of the child. — The wonmn is at the door of the house. — There is a bench under the tree. — I see a garden yonder. 9, The Garden Gate, (Page 23.) I see the gate of the garden. — The man has the key of the garden. — He is going to the garden. — There is the child at the bench. — Has he an orange ? — The woman has a satchel in her hand. — Where is she going ? — She is going into the house. 12. Henry's Boat. (Page 24.) I have a brother and a sister. — My brother's name is Henry. — My sister's name is Julia. — Henry has a boat ; Julia has a doll. — Henry's boat is in the water. — Does it go well ? — It goes very well. 14, My Uncle and Aunt, (Page 25.) I see your father and mother yonder. — Your father is my uncle. — Your mother is my aunt. — I am your cousin. — Julia is my cousin. — There is Henry at the water ; is he playing with his boat ? — Does Julia play with her doll ? — I am going home. — That is well. 122 AN ENGLISH VERSION 17, The Dog Turco. (Page 26.) Ime & large dog ; it is a good dog. — It is called Turco, — There is a large cow ; it is a good cow. — Julia has a kitten. — Her kitten is very pretty.— Julia is my little cousin.— I have a good little horse.— My little horse goes very well. J 9. The Friends, (Page 27.) I see a boy and a girl. — He is a very good boy. — He is my friend. — His sister is a good girl. — She is my sister's friend.— What have you ? — I have my little boat. — Where are you going ? — I am going to the water with Turco. 22, The Walk. (Page 28.) I am going for a walk with my uncle. — Do you know that gentle- man ? — Yes, uncle ; that is Mr. Lambert. — That lady is his wife. — That young lady is his daughter.— That child is his son Henry.— Henry, are you my friend ? 24, The Uncle and the Little One, (Page 29.) Are you tired, Mary ? — No, uncle ; I am not tired. — Where is your friend Anne ?— I do not see her. — She is not here ; she is sick. — Do you know that man ? — Yes, I know him well. — Where is your bag, my dear child ?— I have it ; here it is. 27. The Nursery, (Page 30.) Where are you ? — We are in the nursery. — Where are the books ; have you them ? — They are here ; I have them. — The pens are on the table, with the copy-books. — We have written. — They have read very well. 29, Studying. (Page 31.) The children are studying. — I have lost my pencils. — ^Your brother has found your pencils. — Eliza has not brought her books. — My friends, I saw your uncle and cousins. — Anne saw our uncle and cousins. — Do you know the lesson ? — I do not know it well. — These children do not know their lessons. 32. To School, (Page 33.) What day is to-day ? — To-day is Monday. — It is nine o'clock. — I am going to school. — What books have you there? — They are my books —What lessons have we ? OF THE FRENCH EXERCISES. 1 23 34, 'Hie Day 8 of the Week, (Page 33.) How many days are there in a week ? — There are seven days in a week. — On Sunday I go to church. — On Monday I go to school. — On Tuesday I take a music lesson. — On Wednesday I go to see my aunt. — On Thursday I receive my friends. — On Friday I go out with mamma. —On Saturday I go to walk with papa. 57. In the Parlor, (Page 34.) Good day, Mr. Lambert ; I saw you this morning. — Good day, Mary. Where did you see me ? — I saw you in Bridge street. — I went shop- ping with my uncle. — I know it. — He bought you something ; did he not ? — Who told you that ? — You told it to the children, and they told me. 39. The Present, (Page 35.) Charles, uncle made me a present. — He bought you a ring. — Eliza told me so. — You must not say anything to Henrietta. — He did not buy anything for her, — For whom did he buy the pretty pencil-case ? — I believe that he bought it for your brother. — There he is, and your sister Ann, too. — I am going to speak to them. — You must speak French. 42, At Breakfast, (Page 36.) Good morning, papa and mamma; I am hungry. — So am I, mamma; I am hungry and thirsty. — There is bread and butter, my children. — Will you have some meat, Charles ? — No, mamma; I thank you. — Do you drink milk, Mary ?— No, mamma ; water, if you please. — I do not like milk. 44, After the Meal, (Page 87.) I have breakfasted well.— Wliat did you eat ?— I ate bread and meat. — I drank water. — We had some eggs. — Little Henry ate an egg. — Did you have any fruit? — We had oranges. — I like oranges. 47. At a Picnic. (Page 38 ) We will take lunch here under the trees. — I brought some good cake and jelly. — Cliarles brought apples and pears. — I have no knife. Where are the forks ? — We did not bring any forks. — Who has the glasses and cups ? — Mary has them in her basket. 124 AN ENGLISH VERSION 49, At the Banquet. (Page 39.) Will you have a piece of cake and some jelly ? — Yes ; but I have no glass. -^There are cups on the bench. — I have drunk a cup of good milk. — Are you going for water ? — I have been t© the brook for water. — Have we sugar and lemons ? — Yes ; but we have no spoons. — I beg your pardon ; we have some small spoons. 52, The Dance on the Sward, (Page 40.) We are going to dance on the grass, — Come, Caroline, will you dance with me ? — There is my cousin. I am going to dance with him. — She will not dance with you. — I have often danced with her. — We will play ball. — Come ; will you play with us ? — I am going to play with them. 54, TheBetum. (Page 41.) We are going to return home. — I am going to my house. — You are going to your house ; are you not ? — Henry is going to his house, and Julius is going with him. — Julia is going to her aunt's ; her mother is there. — You are going home ; that is well. — We are going with you. — Our friends are going too. 57, At Work, (Page 43.) What are you making ? — I am making something pretty. — I want some black thread ; have you any ? — I have some ; there is some in my bag. — There is some black and some white. — Is there silk thread ? — There is some silk and some cotton. 59, The Canary-Birds, (Page 43.) Is there a canary-bird in that cage ? — There are two. — My aunt likes birds ; she has five. — She is up-stairs, in her room. — My mother is there too. — Are your sisters there ? — No ; they are not there. — Julia is down- stairs, and Mary is out. — Is there anybody in the parlor ? — No ; there is nobody there. 62. Under the Trees. (Page 44.) Charles, are you older than your cousin ? — No ; I am younger than he. — But he is as tall as I. — How old are you ? — I am nine years old, and my cousin is ten. — Are you as strong as he ? — Oh, yes ; he is not Bo strong as I. OF THE FRENCH EXERCISES. 125 64. The Race, (Page 45.) Can you run as fast as he ? — I can run faster than he. — Are jou as far advanced in your studies ? — No ; he is farther advanced than I am. — Why is he farther advanced than you ? — Because he studies more than 1. — Do you not study much ? — Yes ; but not so much as Charles does. 67. Mine and Thine. (Page 46.) To whom does this handkerchief belong ? — It belongs to me. — I beg your pardon ; it is mine. Julia has taken yours. — There is hers upon the chair. — You have my parasol ; Ann has yours. — She left hers up- stairs. — To whom do these gloves belong ? — I believe that they are mine. 69. The New Clothes. (Page 47.) Your new bonnet is beautiful. — It is more beautiful than mine.— That new coat is fine ; it is a very fine coat. — Her new dress is as beautiful as yours. — There are some fine silk cravats. — To whom do these old shoes belong ? — Your old boots are down-stairs with ours. — They have a handsome house. — Yours is as handsome as theirs. 72. TJie Clioice. (Page 48.) My bonnet is new ; Julia's is old. — Which one is the best? — My dress is silk ; Mary's is woolen. — Which one do you like best ? — Here are cotton stockings, and there are woolen stockings. — Which ones will you have, the cotton ones, or the woolen ones ? — Here are my rings, and there are Mary's. — Which ones do you think are the pret- tiest ? 74:. Tfiese and Those. (Page 49^) This coat belongs to me ; that one belongs to Julius. — I like this one better than that one. This dress is silk ; that one is woolen. — I like this one better than that one. — These stockings are cotton ; those are woolen. — These are better than those. — These cups are prettier than those. — I like these better than those. 77. Tlie Salutation. (Page 50.) Do you know the lady who bowed to us? — She is the same lady whom you have seen at our house. — She is the one whose child died a few days ago. — There is a gentleman who bows to everybody. — That 126 AN ENGLISH VERSION is a gentleman wliom I see every day. — He is the one of whom my father has spoken at table.— He has several daughters, all of whom I know. — I see them every time that I go to see my aunt. 79, An Acquaintance. (Page 51.) There is a gentleman who often comes to see us. — He is an acquaint- ance of my uncle. — [ have seen him at my uncle's when I have gone there.— They came from Paris together.— They arrived here a few weeks ago. — My parents have left for the country. — My sisters have gone out ; Charles is at home alone. — I remained at home all the morning. 82, The Visit, (Page 52.) The bell rang and nobody has opened the door. — I beg your pardon ; the girl has gone. — They ask for somebody who does not live here. — I know the person whose address they ask for. — No scholar knew how to answer this question. — They asked every one ; all the class missed it. — I know all ; they have told me everything. 84, On Horsehach and in a Carriage, (Page 53.) Our neighbors have been in Paris, — They resided there for a long time. — Their children speak French as well as you do. — They have lived here for a few months. — They drive out every day. — We have lived here a long time. — My cousins are coming here this afternoon. — They are coming on horseback, and are going to stay until to-mor- row. 87, Sunrise, (Page 54.) I rise at sunrise. — Henry goes to bed early, and rises late. — He is still in bed ; he sleeps till eight o'clock. — Julius is up, but he is not dressed yet. — Charles has washed himself; he is dressing now. — My father is up and has gone out long since. — He is soon going to come in to breakfast. 89, The Departure, (Page 55.) I must remain here ; it is too cold to go out. — I rose this morning before six o'clock.— I washed myself and came down immediately. — My sister was already in the parlor. — She was to leave after break- fast. — The carriage was before the door. — It was so cold, and she had 9. sore throat. — I had toothache. — My mother had a headache. OF THE FRENCH EXERCISES. VZH 92. On the Ice, (Page 56.) Yesterday, we had a pleasant time ; we were on the ice,— Our friends were tliere with us.— They had their skates ; they were skat- ing.— You passed us ; you were in a sleigh.— You were going well ; you had good horses. — We went along at a good rate, but we were cold. — We were warm ; we were running continually. — We amused ourselves well. 94:, The Weatlier, (Page 57.) It is bad weather ; it rains. — Yesterday it was cold ; it froze. — Last night it snowed.— This morning the sidewalks were covered with Buow.— 1 like snow better than rain.— Do you know what makes that noise V-Yes ; it is the wind in the chimney.— You must not tell Charles what I told you. 90. Mammals Birthday, (Page 58.) I shall have a pleasant time to-morrow ; it will be mamma's birth- day. — I will make a large nosegay which I will present to her. — I shall carry it to her room when she has risen. — She will be well pleased when she sees me. — And I shall be happy when I see her smile. — I shall not go to school ; I shall stay at home. — I shall receive my friends ; you will be among them. — You will come to see me with your parents. 99, The Evening Party. (Page 59.) We shall have company at our house in the evening. — All our friends will be there, and we shall dance. — We shall amuse ourselves all the evening. — My cousins will come there with their parents. — You will see them ; you will make their acquaintance. — They will congratulate mamma; they will gladden her heart. — She will be adorned with jewels and flowers.— And as for me, I shall be as happy as I can be. 102, The Governess, (Page 60.) Henry, go for your book and come and say your lesson. — Do your task before you go to play. — Mary, go and find Charles, if you please. —Tell him that some one is asking for him. — Do not tell him that ''*^ is I. — Do me the pleasure to make haste. — Do not make me wai., * pray you. — Pay attention to what I say. — Listen to me attentively, and keep still. — Take care of all my things, will you ? — See that no one touches them. — Let us be reasonable, and obey our governess. 128 ^^ ENGLISH VERSION 104. Charles and Mary— Continued. (Page 63.) Where are Charles and Mary ? — They are there, at the table. — What is on the table? — It is Charles's key.— What has Charles on his fin- ger ? — He has Mary's thimble on his finger. — Whom do you see on the sofa ? — I see papa and mamma on the sofa. — What is that against the wall ? — It is a small picture, — What is in the middle of the room ? — There is a table in the middle of the room. 106, TJie Father, Mother, and Child — Continued. (Page 64.) What is there near the bench, under that tree ? — There is a child, who has an orange in its hand, — Who is that man, who is going yon- der ? — He is the child's father ; he is going to the garden. — Is the garden-gate open ? — No ; but he has the key ; he is going to open it, — • And who is that woman there ? — She is the man's wife, and the child's mother. — Where is she going with her satchel ? — She is going to carry her satchel into the house.— What is there next to the door of the house ? — There is a little window next to the door. 108, Henry's Boat— Continued. (Page 65.) Who are those children ? — They are my brother and sister. — What are their names ?— My brother's name is Henry, and my sister's name is Julia,— What is Henry holding in his hand?— It is a rope, which is attached to his boat.— And what is Julia holding on her knees ?— She is holding a doll on her knees. — What is she doing with her doll ? — She is playing with it, and is looking at Henry's boat. — Whom do you see over there, on the bridge ?— My father and mother, who are coming this way. 110, The Dog Turco— Continued. (Page 66.) There is a beautiful dog, what is his name ?— That is my uncle's dog ; his name is Turco. — To whom does that beautiful cow belong ? —That cow belongs to my aunt,— What is Julia holding in her arms ? —It is a kitten which my aunt gave her,— There is a pretty little horse ; to whom does it belong ?— That is my horse ; I ride upon it every day. — Do you know that little boy and girl yonder ? — Yes ; the boy is my friend ; he comes to see me.— The little girl is his sister ; she comes to play with Julia.— We will go to the water with my little boat. OF THE FRENCH EXEBCISE8. 12[) 112. The Wallc— Continued. (Page 67.) It is fine weather this morning; let us go for a walk, — Let us turn towards the boulevards. — There is a gentleman and lady whom you know. — They are our neighbors with their children. — There are many people before that store. — We will go in and see what they sell there, — What is in those pretty boxes ? — There are pocket-handkerchiefs in them. — There is a handsome fan ; what is the price of it? — This fan is worth three dollars with the box. — If you like it, Mary, I will buy it for you. — You are very kind, uncle ; I thank you very much. 114, Tlie Nui'sery— Continued. (Page 68.) We have finished our tasks for to-morrow. — Will you tell us a story ? — I must first see what you have done. — I have made a drawing ; here it is. — A horse ; that is well done ; I am pleased with it. — And you, Mary, have you written your page ? — I have finished, but I have not succeeded well. — The ink is not good ; it is too thick. — You must try to do better next time. — Anne, have you studied your lesson ? — Yes ma'am, I know it by heart. — Then I shall read you a pretty story. 110. To School— Continued. (Page 69.) At what time do you go to school ? — I go at nine o'clock in the morning. — At what time do you come home ? — I come home at two o'clock in the afternoon. — Are you occupied all the time you are there ? — We have half an hour recess at noon. — How many scholars are there in your class ? — I believe there are fifteen, — On what days do you take your music lesson ? — I take it Mondays and Thursdays. — What do you do Saturdays ? — I go out with my father, or I go to see my friends. 118, In the Parlor— Continued. (Page 70.) This is Thursday, Mary, your reception- day. — Mr. Lambert, I am glad to see you. — How is Mr. Lambert ? — My health is good, Miss ; how is yours? — Thank you, sir, I am well ; and Mrs. Lambert? — She is indisposed ; she will not be here. — Did Louisa remain with her mother ? — I beg your pardon ; she will come with her brother. — I met you yesterday, you and your uncle. — I saw you, but not until you had passed. — We were going shopping. — My uncle was so kind as to buy me a fan. 130 AN ENGLISH VERSION 120, At Breakfast— Continued. (Page 71.) Has the breakfast bell rung ? — It has just rung, ajid I am not yet dressed. — Well then, make haste ; I am very hungry. — Do not wait for me ; go down ; I will follow you. — Good morning, mamma ; we are a little late. — It is my fault ; I rose a little too late. — Do you take coffee, niece ? — Thank you, aunt, I take tea. — Will you have meat or fish ? — I will eat a little fish. — And you, Pauline, what will you have ? — I will take an egg, mamma, and a cup of milk. 122. At a Picnic— Continued. (Page 72.) Oh, how nice it is here under the trees ! — Let us sit down on this bench and take lunch. — Put your basket near the tree and unpack it. — Here are cakes and all kinds of good things. — Hand round the nap- kins, and take the glasses out of the basket. — Put them on the grass, here before us. — Pour out some lemonade, and give me a glass of it. — Let us go to the brook for water. — The water from the brook is cool and good. — Carve the chicken and pass the plates. — We have for- gotten the forks ; there are none. — That is nothing ; let us use our fingers. 124, TJie Dance on the Sward— Continued. (Page 73.) If we could dance, that would be charming. — I thought of that ; I brought my violin. — Let us dance a quadrille here in the shade. — Gentlemen, choose partners ; take your pi aces. — You two, place your- selves opposite Henry and Mary. — How so, Frederick, are you to be master of ceremonies V — Why not ? some one must be. — But do you know how to call off the figures ?— Undoubtedly ; I learned that at dancing-school. — For instance: "Forward two," " Chassez."—" Bal- ance," and so forth. — Here we are ; that will do; let us begin. 126, At Work— Continued. (Page 74.) How is the work progressing ? does it advance ? — It is advancing rapidly ; I shall finish it to-morrow. — I have still a few flowers to work. — I shall need silk of different colors. — Will you buy me a few skeins ? — There are several spools of silk in your box. — They are not the shades which I want. — I don't know what I have done with my scissors. — There are your scissors in your work-box, — Are there more needles like this one ? — There are needles and pins in that drawer.^ Will you hand me that penknife, if you please? OF THE FRENCH EXERCISES. 131 128 » Under the Trees— Continued. (Page 75.) Do you see the two boys who are running yonder ? — I see them run \ they are my cousins, — John runs the faster, and he is the younger. — What is the difference in their ages ? — Charles is ten years, and John is nine. — Charles is not strong, he is often sick. — That is why he does not go to school at present. — He is not so far advanced as his brother. — Because he cannot study much. — He has had sore eyes for a long time. — They are going to the woods ; shall we follow them ? — I believe it is time to return home. 130* Mine and Thiner— Continued. (Page 76.) Do you know where my umbrella is, Charles ? — Yes, yours and mine are at school. — Eliza will not need hers ; take it. — Here is a les- son which I think is very difficult. — Mine is as difficult as yours. — Every scholar thinks his is difficult. — Where are my overshoes ; do you know ? — Yours and mine are down-stairs. — The servant carried them away to clean them. — Tell her to bring them to us immediately. — We want them ; we are going out. — We are going to call upon our friends. 132. The Choice— Continued. (Page 77.) Look at the pretty things, the necklaces and the crosses. — Look, examine, and take your choice. — Here is a gold cross, and there is a chain. — I will take both ; those things go together. — You are right to choose as you do. — And which of these two bonnets do you like best ? — I like the one with the blue ribbons better than the other. — Which of these ribbons do you think are the prettiest ? — I think these arc prettier than those. — Tell me which watch is the best? — The gold one is better than the silver one. — We think alike ; I am glad of it. 134, The Salutation— Continued. (Page 78.) Who is that lady to whom you just bowed? — She is a relative of ours ; she lives near here. — She is the one whose little girl died the other day, — You knew her; she used to go to our school . — We used to call her " Little Close the Eye." — Because she looked as if she was asleep when she was reading.— She was a good girl whom ever>^ body liked. — When did your aunt return from the country ? — She arrived in town last night. — My cousin Charles came back to town with her. — My cousins remained in the country. — Do not forget to tell Charles to call on me. 132 AN ENGLISH VERSION 136, The Visit-Continued. (Page 79.) Did you hear tlie bell ring? — Mary has gone to open the door.— . It is a gentleman who asks for your father. — Show him into the parlor, and ask him to be seated. — I believe your father is out. — No matter. Did he give you his card ? — Here it is. His name is Mr. La Borde. — He is a man with white hair, who looks like a physician. — It is the old gentleman whom my father expected. — You will have to tell him that papa is not in. — Ask him to have the kindness to call again to-morrow. — Tell him that papa is always at home at noon. 138. Sunrise — Continued. (Page 80.) This morning I rose before sunrise. — From my window I saw the sun rise. — I washed and dressed myself. — Then I came down to break- fast. — My mother and sister were in the dining-room. — Breakfast was on the table ; we were in a hurry. — My mother and sister were going to start. — After breakfast they left in a carriage. — My mother has gone to take my sister to L. . . . — My sister is to enter a boarding- school there. — She is going to stay there for two or three years. — When she returns, she will speak French. 140, On the Ice — Continued. (Page 81.) Henry, which season do you like best ? — Winter, because then we go skating. — And when there is snow on the ground we go sleigh- riding. — I do not like winter ; I like summer better. — In summer we are in the country, and that is very pleasant.^We do not goto school, and we amuse ourselves all the time. — It is too warm in summer ; I like autumn better. — In autumn it is not so warm, and you feel better. — To me spring is the most beautiful season. — Then the grass shoots up anew, the earth grows green again. — The flowers spring up and the birds sing. — Everything revives and everything rejoices. 142, Mammals Birthday— Continued. (Page 83.) Which day of the year do you like best ?— The tenth of June, the anniversary of mamma's birthday.— Then I like the fifteenth of May almost as much.— That is the anniversary of papa's birthday.— We also celebrate the sixteenth of April.— It is the anniversary of my parents' wedding-day.— I like Christmas ; it is our Saviour's birthday, r— On that day my uncles and aunts dine with us. — And then I like OF THE FRENCh EXEHCtSE^. ISn New Year's Day ; it is the day for presents. — Do you not like the fourth of July, the national festival ? — I like the day and the fire- works which they set off in the evening. — But I do not like the noise of the crackers and fire-arms. 143. A Visit to the Market, (Page 83.) Last Saturday I went to the market with my father. I saw there all kinds of vegetables and fruits in large quantities. There were cabbages, cauliflowers, potatoes, ears of corn, turnips, carrots, onions, beans, and peas. There were also heaps of melons, barrels of apples and pears, bags of nuts, baskets of peaches and plums, boxes of oranges, lemons, figs, dates, and grapes. On another side was butchers' meat, : beef, veal, mutton, and lamb. Farther on was poultry : turkeys, hens, chickens, geese, ducks, and pigeon?!. Around the market were standing wagons and carts, Tvhich had brought all these things. Everywhere there was a great crowd of people, some of whom had come to sell, others to buy. They all talked constantly. The noise of voices was truly deafening. My father wished to take me to the fish-market, but I begged him to take me home again. I was very tired, and so confused that I could not have found my way back, if my father had not been with me. 144, Our House, (Page 85.) Our house is large and convenient. My father had it built for us a few years ago. It has four stories and a basement. Below the base- ment is the cellar, where the coal and firewood are kept. In the cel- lar is a furnace which heats the whole house, by sending hot air into all the apartments, through pipes inclosed in the masonwork of the walls. These pipes, which are of sheet-iron or tin plate, lead to open- ings made in the walls of the rooms ; these openings are called regis- ters. You can open and shut them as you wish. The basement, which is three feet lower than the level of the street, contains the kitchen and the pantries, and also a large room for the use of the servants. On the first floor are the parlor, library, and dining-room. On the second floor, in the front of the house, is my parents' room, and in 134 AN ENGLISH VERSION the back, are my room and the nursery. The bath-room is in the centre, between the back room and the front room. On the third floor there are four sleeping-rooms, and on the fourth, there are two, and a large open place, which is called a garret, where all kinds of things are put. The house has two front doors. One is the basement door. It is in the area below the stoop. To reach it you have to go down four steps. The other door leads to the first floor. It is reached by means of a stone stoop, consisting of eight steps. This door opens into the vestibule. A second door gives access to the interior of the house. Upon entering the hall you have before you, on the left hand, the large staircase which leads to the second story, and on the right, the door of the parlor. Going straight on by the hand-rail which bor- ders the basement staircase, you reach the dining-room door, having on your right a second parlor door, and on your left the servants' staircase, which leads up to the second story, and terminates at the landing in front of the bath-room. The water is carried into all the bedrooms on the second and third stories. There are stationary wash-basins of marble, each having two faucets, one for cold, and the other for hot water. The house is lighted by gas. From the cellar to the garret, wher- ever it is necessary, there are gas-pipes, to which are attached chan- deliers, tubes, or brackets of metal, with gas-burners. There is a yard behind the house, and at the end of the yard are the stable and coach-house, which open into a lane, running to a wide street which crosses the street in which we live at a short distance from our door. 145. The Parlor. (Page 89.) Our parlor is much longer than it is broad. It has two windows which look into the street, two doors that communicate with the hall, and at the lower end a large sliding-door, through which you enter the library. The ceiling is very high, and frescoed. The walls are covered with paper, the delicate color of which sets off the gilding of the cornices. The floor is covered with a carpet for which my father sent to Eng- land. The furniture, which was renewed last year, has all the gloss of freshness. Sofas, arm-chairs, chairs, stools, tables, consoles, etageres, gueridons, a large piano, and a few statues, which represent gods OF THE FRENCH EXERCISES. 135 and goddesses of antiquity, all arranged with art and good taste, please the eye by their variety. On the mantlepieces, the consoles, the etageres, and the gueridons, are statuettes, vases, and fancy articles. The windows are hung with silk and lace curtains, and the space between them is covered with a mirror which reaches from the ceiling to the floor. The walls are adorned with oil paintings, among which are the portraits of my father and mother, which are perfect likenesses. Two large chandeliers, hanging from the ceiling, stretch forth their branches on all sides, and help to form an ensemble which at first seems confused, but which is picturesque and very pleasing, par- ticularly in the evening, when, the gas being lighted, the numerous jets of the chandeliers send forth a flood of light, which dazzles the eyes. 146. The Library, (Page 91.) Let us now enter the library by the door which is at the lower end of the parlor. The large bow-window which is opposite the door, at the other extremity of the room, looks into the yard. This door to the left communicates with the dining-room. The large cupboard on the right, which fills the space between the wall and the mantlepiece, contains a large number of rare objects, which my father has collected during his several visits to Europe. On the mantlepiece are two busts and a time-piece. On the other side of the mantlepiece, set against the wall, is a secretary, at which my father is in the habit of working in the morning. Against the wall to the right of the bow-window is an ottoman, where my mother often comes to rest herself and to converse with my father, when he is seated at his secretary. To the left of the bow- window there is a desk, on which is an ink- stand. In the drawers of the desk are letter-paper, envelopes, and postage-stamps. This is where my mother comes to write her letters. The wall on the side toward the dining-room, from the door to the corner, is occupied by a large book-case, the shelves of which are filled with books Against the wall, over the mantlepiece, is the portrait of my pater- nal grandmother, and against the wall above my father's secretary, is the portrait of my paternal grandfather. The portraits of my grandparents on my mother's side are on the two sides of the bow window, one on the right, above the ottoman, the other on the left, above the desk. 136 AN ENGLISH VERSION In tlie middle of the room is a table covered with green cloth. Some arm-chairs ranged around the table and placed here and there against the walls, and a foot-step, which is used to reach the upper shelves of the book-case, complete the furniture of what my father calls his study. 14:7* Tlie Dining-room, (Page 93.) The dining-room is next to the library. It has two doors and a bow-window, precisely similar to the one in the next room. The principal door communicates with the hall ; then there is a side- door which opens into the library. The following are the objects which first present themselves to the eye, on entering by the principal door : in the centre a long dining- table, arm-chairs placed to the right and to the left ; two side-tables set against the wall on the left side ; farther on, in the corner near the window, a sofa ; and in the other corner, opposite the sofa, a table. Between the table and the sofa, and in front of the window, is a flower-stand, on which there are a great many pots with flowers. You notice particularly my mother's favorites, hyacinths, carna- tions, geraniums, and roses. The walls are adorned with engravings in gilded frames. On the mantlepiece are vases filled with flowers, a time-piece, and statuettes of bronze. On one side of the principal door is the servants' door, and on the other there is a closet, in whicli everything is kept that is necessary for the table ; the plate, dishes of every size, plates, soup-tureens, salad-dishes, cruets, salt-stands, coffee-pots, tea-pots, cups and saucers, sugar-bowls, butter-dishes, pitchers, milk-pots, spoons, knives and forks; finally, the table-linen, table-covers, naokins, and other things, which I cannot name. 14:8, The Kitchsn, (Page 95.) We must also pay a visit to the basement. I do not often go in that underground place, but to amuse you we shall go and pass in review all the kitchen apparatus. You will see our stout cook, who reigns with supreme authority over the pots and pans. Her stentorian voice is heard in her domain as soon as things do rot go to her liking. If her assistant, the dish-washer, lets grease or ashes fall on the oil-cloth which covers the floor, or lets the broom, the pail, the feather-duster, the shovel, OF THE FRENCH EXERCISES. 13? the poker ot tongs lie about out of their places, stout Mary, as we call her, scolds her, and often gives it to her over the ears with the dish- cloth. She wants everything to be in good order and in its place. I must also tell you that the work is well done. You will easily notice the neatness of the range, with its ovens, and the brightness of all the utensils, such as saucepans, stewpans, pipkins, spits, roasting-screens, kettles, chafing-dishes, skimmers, and boilers, all disposed in shining and polislied rows. The room adjoining is the wash-room. The washerwoman is there now doing the washing. The stationary wash-tubs have taps for cold and hot water. The hot water is drawn from the large copper boiler which you see in the corner above the sink. The dirty water runs off in the sewers underground. The ironing is done in the next room. You see through the glass w^indows the smoothing-irons, which are heating. The seamstress examines the clean linen which has come in from the washing, and puts aside the articles which need mending. But enough of this. Let us go up again. 149, My Boom, (Page 98.) Come, Lucy, follow me ; we will go up to my room. We shall be able to chat there at our ease, without any one coming to interrupt us. Here you are at my home, my dear friend ; this is my bower, where I come to meditate and muse during my leisure liours. There is my kneeling-stool, at which I say my prayers, in the morn- ing when I rise, and in the evening before I go to bed. The bed in which I sleep was bought for me when I came home from my aunt's. The bedstead is similar to the one which is in my mother's room ; the straw mattress and mattresses are of the best quality ; the sheets are of cambric, and the blankets are soft to the touch. The coverlet is of eiderdown, the bolster and pillows are of down. After the fatigues of the day, I am very glad to rest ray head there. In the morning when I awake I hear the sparrows chirp, as they come to gather up, from the sills of my windows, the crumbs of bread which I have crumbled there the day before, for their next morning's breakfast. I fall asleep as soon as I am in bed ; but sometimes my sleep is disturbed by the nightmare. When that happens, I wake up with a start. Then I hear the cats mew under my windows, and the dogs 138 AK ENGLISH VEmiON OF TEE FRENCH EXERCISER bark in the stable. I cover my head so as not to hear anything, fori am afraid when I am alone in the dark. Once waked up, I have some difficulty in falling asleep again, es- pecially when I hear the mosquitoes buzz around my mosquito-net. I do not like these insects, whose sting gives me great pain ; nor the flies, which torment me when I am studying. There is my rocking-chair near the window. In the afternoon, when I have finished my task, I sit down there to watch the birds fly about in the yard, and the turtle-doves alight on the roof of the sta- ble, I like to see them caress each other and to hear them coo. Here is the desk at which I prepare my school-task, and there is the chest of drawers in which I put away my things. Mamma is very strict ; she does not wish me to leave anything whatever hanging upon chairs. She sometimes comes unexpectedly to pay a visit to my room, and she would be displeased to see the least thing out of its place. I will finish showing you my home by opening this closet, which contains my wardrobe : dresses, petticoats, linen, boots, shoes, and the rest. NOTES OK HlSTORIETTES {Stories), 1» Les Pechea {Tiie Peaches). 1. Un ou?rier, a laborer. 2. la campanile, the country. 3, rap- porta, brought Jiome, from rapporter, to bring back ; to bring Jionu- 4. voyaieut, saw, from Yoir, to see. 5. ils en admiraient, they ad- mired of tliem. 6. la fraiclie couleur, tJie fresh color. 7. le flu du- vet, tJie fine down. In English : iJiey admired their rosy color and fine down. 8. le soir, in the evening. 9. dit, said, from dire, to say ; to tell. 10. s'ecria I'aine, exclaimed the eldest. 11. aiissi, tJierefore. 13. j'en al garde le noyau, I have kept tJie stone {of it). 13. soi^nease- ment, carefully. 14. je le planterai, / shall plant it. 15. qu'il en sortira, that there will spHng up from it 16. que d'etre economo, to be saving. 17. ^^i^^\\.^QTh.V2i\Q\i\r^ to think of the future. 18. tout de suite, innnediately. 19. la moitie de la sieniip, one luilf of Jiers. 20. doux coninie le miel, sweet as honey. 21. repondit^ answered, from repondre, to answer. 22. un pen gourmand, ratJcer greedy. 23. c'est pardonnable, it is excusable. 24. les annees, tlie years, for le temps, time. 25. te corrigerontj will cure thee. 26. de c:^ dbfaut, of that fault. 27. ramasse, picked up. 28. jete p ir terre, thrown on the ground. 29. brise, broken, from briser, to break. 30. une amande, a kernel. 31. qui avait le gout d'uue noix, whicK tasted like a nut. 32. Tendu, sold, from vendre, to sell. 33. j'en ai r^'Qu, I have received for it; re/' the time. 17. faiiteuil garni de, arm-chair covered with. 18. qiiaiid I'obscurite fiit venue, ichen darkness had come ; in Y^ngMsh-fWhenitliad grown dark. \^. Si\\^ft\i(ii^ immediately. 20. elle se jeta, she threw Iterself. 21. a peine y eut-elle pris place, scarcely had she taken her xeat. 22. qu'ell se releva brusquement, wlien she suddenly arose. 23. cri d'effroi, ci-y of Iwrror. 24. avait jet^, Jiad uttered. 25. nccowrwX^ hurried iip. 2G. une luniiere Ma main, m^^ a light in Iter hand. 27. quel spectacle, ichat a sight. 28. ecrase?s, crushed. 29. un jus noir coulait, a black juice ran. 30. de tons cotes le long du fauteuil, on all sides down tJie arm-cJiair. 31. tene- ment endommagfco, so much damaged. 32. qu'elle ne put plus servir, that it could , ot be used any more. 33. reprimanda. scolded. 34. ajouta-t-elle^ sJie added. 35. te voila bien punie de, now you, are well punislied for. 4» Les Prunes {TJte Plumbs), 1. :^tait allee, went. 2. faire vi^itc a, to call on. 3. le vieillard, the old gentleman. 4. une feuille de vigne, a grape-tine leaf. 5. jaunes, yeUow. 6. aussi grosses que des (Bufs, as large as eggs. 7. les seules, ths only ones. 8. qu'il eut trouvees mures, which he had found ripe. 9. je vous laisse, I leave you. 10. en plaisantant, jokingly. W. i:\kQrc\mYi to seek ; to find. 12. partager, to cfi«eaA:^. "Zo.l^XQnA^nidAn.ths next day. 26. venue, hxid come. 27. invites a souper, inmted to supper. 28. Iiabitait, dwelt in. 29. lis ne s'attendaient guere, tMy little expected. 30. su- jet de, cause for. 31. ils y virent, tliey saw. 32. charg^e de mets d^Ucat^y loaded with dainty dishes. 33. coiiverte, covered. 34. soit, either. 35. pain moisi, mouldy bread. 36. soit, or. 37. une poignee de son, a handful of bran. 38. rien du tout, nothing at all. 39. niendiiinte d^guis^e, disguised beggar. 40. temps de detresse, time of distress. 41. tant de peine, so much trouble. 42. de quoi vivre, ^ meana of subsistance. 43. k I'epreiive, to the test. 44. les deux braves gens que voici, these two worthy people. 45. m'ont permis, allowed m£. 46. nie r^chaufler, to warm myself. 47. noiirrie,/^c?. 48. e'est poiirqu(»i, tJiat is the reason why. 49. je leur ferai iine ^n^iouy Iwillgica (hem a pension. 50. quant a vous autres, as to you. 51. que ce soit pour Yoa«!. letitbeto^ou, 52. qu'il vous sera fait, that you wilZ be treated. 53. selo ', according as. 54. h, votre procliaiii, to your neighbor. 146 NOTES ON HISTORIETTES. 10, La Cigale et la Fourmi {The GrassTiopper and the An(). 1. Depourvue, destitute. 2. bise, north wind; qnand la bise fiit yenue, when cold weather had set in. 3. iiiouche, fly. 4. yermisseau^ little griib. 5. elle alia crier famine, sTie went to cry famine, that is : she went to complain of her poverty. 6. je yous pairai (payerai), / shall pay you, 7. avant I'aout, before August, before harvest. 8. foi d'animal, on the faith of an animal, that is : upon the honor of a gentleman. 9. pretense, lender. 10. son moindre defant, her least fault. 11. emprunteuse; borrower. 12. nuit et jour, a tout yenant, day and night, to all who came 13. ne yous deplaise, by your leave. 14 i'en suis fort aise, / am very glad of it. PART FOURTH. THE PARTS OF SPEECH. In French as in English there are ten different kinds of words, which are called Parts of Speech ; they are : 1. The Noun, 6. The Participle, 2. The Article, 7. The Adverb, 3. The Adjective, 8. The Preposition, 4. The Pronoun, 9. The Coiyunction, 5. The Verb, 10. The Interjection. Definition of tlw PaHs of Speech, 1. A Noun is the name of a person, place, or thing ; as, Wasldng- ion, Parit, city. 2. An Article is a word placed before a noun to limit its meaning ; as, the tree, a tree. 3. An Adjective is a word added to a noun, to describe or limit it; as, a large tree, which tree ? that tree. 4. A Pronoun is a word that is used in place of a noun ; as, /have your book ; you have mine. 5. A Verb is a word that expresses action or being ; as, to write, to live. 6. A Participle is a part of the verb which is also used as an adjec- tive ; as, fields covered with snow, glittering in the sun. Rem. The participlea are given with the verb. 7. An Adverb is a word that expresses manner, time, place, etc : as, he writes weU ; I see him often ; he is here. 8. A Preposition is a word used to express some relation of differ- ent things or thouglits to each other ; as, the book lies before me on> the table. 9. A Conjunction is a word used to connect words or sentences ; as. you and he are happy, because you are good. 10. An Interjection is a word that denotes a sudden emotion of the mind ; as, ah / ala^f 148 THE NOUN. J, The Noun. (1.) Gender. Masculine. an homme, a man ; one un boeuf, an ox ; une un chat, a cat ; une un oiseau, a bird ; une un poulet, a chicken ; ime un insecte, an insect ; une un village, a village ; une un jar din, a garden ; une un arbre, a tree ; une un miroir, a looking-glass ; une im fauteuil, an arm-chair ; ime un canape, or sofa, a sofa ; une Feminine, femme, a woman, vache, a cow. souris, a mouse, oie, a goose, poule, a hen. mouche, a fly. a city. s feuille, a leaf. pendule, a time-piece, chaise, a chair. commode, a chest of drawers (2.) Singular. un homme, one man ; une femme, one woman un arbre, one tree ; une feuille, one leaf ; Number. Plural. des hommes, men. des femmes, women. des arbres, trees. des feuilles, leaves. un bas, a stocking ; un bras, an arm ; un tapis, a carpet ; une croix, a cross ; des bas, stockings. des bras, arms. des tapis, carpets. des croix, crosses. un chapeau, a hat ; un couteau, a knife ; un gateau, a cake ; un feu, a fire ; un jeu, a game ; des chapeaux, hats. des couteaux, knives. des gateaux, cakes. des feux, fires. des jeux, games. un cheval, a horse ; un animal, an animal ; v:n general, a general ; des chevaux, horses, des animaux, animals. des generaux, generals. ARTICLE- ADJECTIVE. I49 Singular. Plural. un cloUj a iiuil ; des clous, luiila. un chou, a cabbage ; des choux, cabbages. un bijou, a jewel ; des byoux, jewels. JI, TJie Article. FORMS OF THE ARTICLE BEFORE NOUNS. (1.) Before a Masculine Noun. Singular. Plural. le pere, the father ; les peres, the fathers, du pere, of the father ; du peres, of the fathers, au pere, to the father ; aux peres, to the fathers. (2.) Before a Feminine Noun. la mere, the mother ; les meres, the mothers, de la mere, of the mother ; des meres, of the mothers. a la mere, to the mother ; aux meres, to the mothers. (3.) Before a Vowel. I'enfant, the child ; les enfants, the children. de I'enfant, of the child ; des enfants, of the children. a I'enfant, to the child ; aux enfants, to the children. (4.) Partitive Tense. du pain, bread ; de la viande, meat. de bon pain, good bread ; de bonne viande, good meat, pas de pain, no bread ; pas de viande, no meat, des gateaux, cakes ; de I'eau, water. de bons gateaux, good cakes ; pas d'eau, no water. III. The Adjective^ 1. QUALIFYING ADJECTIVES. (1.) Gender. — Singular. Masculine. Feminine. un petit gar9on, a little boy ; une petite fille, a little girl, un grand jardiii, a large garden ; une grande maison, a large housq de mauvais papier, bad paper ; 150 THE ADJECTIVE. Masculine. Feminine. un jeune homme, a young man ; une jeune femme, a young woman, un enfant malade, a sick cliild ; une fille malade, a sick girl. de bon pain, good bread ; un tel homme, such a man de bonne viande, good meat. une telle femme, such a woman. un garQon attentif, an attentive une fille attentive, an attentive boy ; girl, un chapeau neuf, a new hat ; une robe neuve, a new dress. un pere courageux, a courageous father ; un frere studieux, a studious brother ; une mere courageuse, a courage- ous woman. une soeur studieuse, a studious sis- ter. un beau jour, a fine day ; un bel arbre, a fine tree ; un nouveau cheval, a new horse; un nouvel eleve, a new scholar ; un vieux soldat, an old soldier ; un vieil homme, an old man ; une belle maison, a handsome house. une nouvelle voiture, a new car- riage. une vieille femme, an old wo- man. (3.) Plural. les petits gar9ons, the little boys ; les petites filles, the little girls, les mauvais crayons, the bad pen- les mauvaises plumes, the bad cils ; pens. les gargons attentifs, the attentive les filles attentives, the attentive boys ; girls. les hommes heureux, the happy les femmes heureuses, the happy men ; women, les beaux arbres, the fine trees ; les belles maisons, the fine houses, les nouveaux dessins, the new pat- les nouvelles etoflfes, the new terns ; goods. LIMITING ADJECTIVES.-'NUMERALS. 151 2. LIMITING ADJECTIVES. (1.) Posae^ve Adjectives. Singular. Plural Masculine. Feminine. For both. mon, ma, mea, my. ton, ta, tas, thy. son, sa, ■es, his, her, its. notre, notre, nofs our. votre, votre, V08, your. leur, leur, leurs, their. (3.) Demonstrative Adjective. Singular. Plural. Masculine. Feminine. For both. ce, cet, cette, this, that, ces, these, those. ce gar9on, this boy, that boy ; ces gar9ons, these boys, those b ce gar9on-ci, this boy ; ces gar9ons-ci, these boys. ce gar9on-la, that boy ; ces gar9ons-la, those boys. (3.) Numeral Adjectives. Cardinal. Ordinal. 1. TJn^fem. ime. 1st. Premier, /em. premiere. 2. Deux. 2d. Deuxieme, oj' Second-e. 3. Trois. 8d. Troisieme. 4. Quatre. 4th. Quatrieme. 5. Cinq. 5th. Cinquieme. 6. Six. 6th. Sixieme. 7. Sept. 7th. Septieme. 8. Huit. 8th. Huitieme. 9. Neu£ 9th. Neuvieme. 10. Dix. 10th. Dixieme. 11. Onze. 11th. Onzieme. 12. Douze. 12th. Douzieme. 13. Treize. 13th. Treizieme. 14. Quatorze. 14th. Quatorzidme. 15. Quinze. 15th. Quinzieme. 15 2 WUMEBALS. 16. Seize. 16tli. Seizieme. 17. Dix-sept. 17tli. Dix-septieme. 18. Dix-huit. 18tli. Dix-huitieme. 19. Dix-neuf. 19tli. Dix-neuvieme. 20. Vingt. 20th. Vingtieme. 21. Vingt et un. 21st. Vingt et uniemeu 22. Vingt-deux. 22d. Vingt-deuxieme. 23. Vingt-trois. 23d. Vingt-troisieme. 24 Vingt-qTiatre. 24tli. Vingt-quatrieme. 25. Vingt-cinq. 25th. Vingt-cinquieme. 26. Vingt-six. 26th. Vingt-sixieme. 27. Vingt-sept. 27th. Vingt- septieme. 28. Vingt-huit. 28th. Vingt-huitieme. 29. Vingt-neuf. 29th. Vingt neuvieme. 30. Trente. 30th. Trentilme. 31. Trente et un. 31st. Trente et unieme. 32. Trente-deux. 32d. Trente-deuxieme. 33. Trente-trois. 33d. Trente-troisieme. 40. Quarante. 40th. Quarantieme. 41. Quarante et un. 41st. Quarante et uniemeo 42. Quarante-deux. 42d. Quarante- deuxieme. 43. Quarante-trois. 43d. Quarante-troisieme. 50. Oinquante. 50th. Cinquantieme. 51. Cinquante et un. 61st. Cinquante et unieme. 52. Oinquante-deux. 52d. Cinquante- deuxiemeo 53. Cinquante-trois. 53d. Cinquante- troisieme. 60. Soixante. 60th. Soixantieme. 61. Soixante et un. 61st. Soixante et unieme. 62. Soixante-deux. 62d. Soixante-d euxi eme. 63. Soixante-trois. 63d. Soixante-troisieme. 70. Soixante-dix. 70th. Soixante dixieme. 71. Soixante et onze. 71st. Soixante onzieme. 72. Soixante-douze. 72d. Soixante - douz ieme. 73. Soixante-treize. 73d. Soixante-treizieme. 74. Soi xante-quatorze. 74th. Soixante quatorzieme. 75. Soixante-quinze. 75th. Soi Xante- quinziem e. 76. Soixante-seize. 76th. Soixante- seizieme. 77. Soixante-dix-sept. 77th. Soixante dix-septieme. 78. Soixante-dix-huit. 78th. Soixante-dix-huitieme. 79. Soixante-dix-neuf. 79th. Soixante-dix neuvieme. 80. Quatre-vingts. 80th. Quatre-vingtieme. NUMERALS.— INDEFINITE ADJECTIVES. 15' 81. Quatxe-vingt-un. 81st. Quatre-vingt unieme. 82. Quatre-vingt-deux. 82d. Quatre-vingt- deuxieme. 83. Quatre-vingt-trois. 83d. Quatre-vingt troisieme. 84. Qiiatre-vingt-quatre. 84th. Quatre-vingt quatrieme. 85. Quatre-vingt-cinq. 85th. Quatre-vingt cinquieme. 86. Quatie-vingt-six. 86th. Quatre-vingt sixieme. 87. Quatre-vingt-sept. 87th. Quatre-vingt septieme. 88, Quatre-vingt-huit. 8Sth. Quartre-vingt huitieme. 89. Quatre-vingt-neut 89th. Quartre-vingt-neuvic roe. 90. Quatre vingt-dix. 90th. Quatre-vingt- dixieme. 91. Quatre-vingt onze. 91st. Quatre-vingt- onzieme. 92. Quatre-ving^-douze. 92d. Quatre-vingt-douzieme. 93. Quatre-vingt -treize. 93d. Quatre-vingt-treizieme. 94. Quatre-vingt-quatorze. 94th. Quatre - vingt - quator- zieme. 95. Quatre-vingt quinze. 95th. Quatre-vingt-quinzieme. 96. Quatre-vingt seize. 96th. Quatre-vingt-seizieme. 97. Quatre-vingt dix-sept. 97th. Quatre - vingt - dix - sep- tieme. 98. Quatre-vingt-dix-huit. 98th. Quatre- vingt - dix - hui- tieme. 99. Quatre-vingt-dix-neu£ 99th. Quatre - vingt - dix - neu- 100. Cent. 100th. Oentieme. [vieme. 101. Cent-un. 101st. Cent-unieme. 200. Deux cents. 200tli. Deux centieme. 210. Deux cent-dix 210th. Deux cent-dixieme. 1,000. Mille. 1.000th. Millieme. 1,001. Mille-un. 1,001st. Mille-unieme. 2,000. Deux mille. 2,000th. Deux millieme. 2,500. Deux mille-cinq cents. 2,500th. Deux mille - cinq - cen- 3,000. Trois mille. 3,000th. Trois millieme. [tieme. 1,000,000. Un million. l,000,000tli. Millionieme. (4) Indefinite Adjectives. Aucun, aucune, no, not any ; Tout, toute, all ; every ; whole. Nul, nulle, no ; Plusieurs, several. Pas un, pas une, not one ; Quel, quelle, what ; which. Autre, other ; Quelque !, some ; quelques, a few. M4me, same ; Quelconque, any ; whatever. Chaque, each ; 6* Tel, telle, such. 154 THE PRONOUN. IV, The ^Pronoun, 1. PERSONAL PRONOUNS. — CONJUNCTIVE. (1.) tu, thou ; he, it ; elle. she, it ; Singular. me (m'), me ; te (f), thee ; le (1'), him, it ; la (1'), her, it ; me (m'), to me. te (f), to thee lui, to him. lui, to her. Plural. nous, we ; nous. us ; nous, to us. vous, you ; vous. you; vous, to you. ils, they ; les, them ; leur, to them. elles, they ; les. them ; leur, to them. en, some or any of it. of them ; y, to it. to them : : le (1'), it, so. (2.) Personal Pronouns used as Reflective Pronouns. me, myself, to myself ; nous, ourselves, to ourselves. te, thyself, to thyself ; vous, yourselves, to yourselves. se, himself, herself, itself, themselves, one's self. (3.) Personal Pronouns. — Disjunctive. moi, I, or me ; nous, we, or us. toi, thou, or thee ; vous, you. lui, he, or him ; eux, they, or them. elle, she, or her ; elles. they, or them. soi, himself, herself, itself, themselves, one's self. (4.) Compound Personal Pronouns. moi-mSme, myself; nous-m^mes, ourselves. toi-m^me, thyself ; vous-m^me, yourself ; lui-m^me, himself ; elle-mSme, herself ; vous-m^mes, yourselves. eux-m^mss, themselves. elles-mSmes, themselves. soi-m^me, one's self. THE PRONOUN. 155 2. POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS. Gingvla/r. Plural. Masculine. Feminine. Masculine. Feminine. le mien, la mienne, les miens, les miennes, mine. letien, la tienne, les tiens, les tiennes, thine. le sien, la sienne, les siens, les siennes, his ; hers. le ndtre, la notre, les notres, les notres, ours. le v&tre, la votre, les votres, les votres, yours. J© leur, la leur, les leurs. les leurs, theirs. 3. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS. oe, that, it ; ceci, this ; cela, that. Masculine. Feminine. celui, celle, that, the one. celui-ci, celled, this one. celui-la, celle-la, that one. Plural. Masculine. Feminine. ceux. celles. those. ceux-ci, celles-ci, these. ceux-la. celles-la, those. 4. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS, qui? who? whom? que ? what ? quoi ? what ? lequel ? laquelle ? which ? which one ? lesquels ? lesquelles ? which ? which ones 1 qui est-ce qui ? who ? qu'est-ce qui ? what? qui est-ce que ? whom ? qu'est-ce que ? what ? 6. RELATIVE PRONOUNS, qui, who, which, that, que, whom, which, that, a qui, to whom. lequel, laquelle, lesquels, lesquelles, who, whom, which- dont, of whom, of which, whose. quoi, what, ou, in which. 156 TBE VERB— AVOIR. 6. INDEFINITE PRONOUNS. autruj, others ; chacun, every one ; I'un I'autre, the one the other I'un et I'autre, both ; I'un ou I'autre, either ; ni I'un ni I'autre, neither ; on, one, some one, people, they. personne (ne), nobody, quelqu'un, somebody. quelques-uns, some, a few. quiconque, whoever. un de, one of. aucun (ne), nul (ne), pas uu (ne), not one plusieurs, several. tel, telle, such. tout, all ; everything. F. The Verb. Conjugation of Avoir— to have. INFINITIVE MODE. Pbesbnt. Past. Avoir, to have. Avoir eu, to have had. PARTICIPLES. Present. Past. Compound. Ayant, having. Eu, m. ; eue, ,/., had. Ayant eu, having had. INDICATIVE MODE. Pbksbnt. Past Indefinite. J'ai, I have. J'ai eu, I have had. Tuae, thou hast. Tu as eu, thou hast had. 11 a, he has. 11 a eu, he has had. Nous avons, we have. Nous avons eu, we have had. Vous avez, you have. Vous avez eu, you have had. lis ont, they have. lis ont eu, they have had. Imperfect. Pluperfect. J'avais, I had. J'avais eu, I had had. Tu avals, thou hadst. Tu avais eu, thou hadst had. 11 avait, he had. 11 avait eu, he had had. Nous avions, we had. Nous avions eu, we had had. Vous aviez, you had. Vons aviez en. you had had. lis avaient, they had. lis avaient eu. they had had. THE VERB— AVOIR 15? Pabt Definite, Past Anterior. J'eus, Ihad. J'eus eu. I had had. Tu eas, thou hadst. Tu eus eu, thou hadst had. 11 eut, he had. 11 eut eu. he had had. Nous eflmes. we had. Nous eflmes eu, we had had. Vous eates, yoit, had. Vous efites eu, you had had. lis eurent, they had. Us eurent eu, they had had. Future. Future Anterior. J'aurai, 1 shall have. J'aurai eu, I shall have had. Tu auras, thou will have. Tu auras eu, thou wilt have had. 11 aura, he will have. 11 aura eu, he will have fiad. Noue aurons, we shall have. Nous aurons eti, we shall have had. Vous aurcz, you will have. Vous aurez eu, you tvill have had. lis auront. they will have. lis auront eu. they will have had. CONDITIONAL MODE. J'aurais, Tu aural 8, II aurait. Nous aurions, Vous auriez, lis auraient, Pre.sent. I should have. thou wouldst have. he would have. we should have. you woul'l have. J'aurais eu, Tu aurais eu, II aurait eu, Nous aurions eu Vous iiuricz eu, Past. /should have had. thou wouldst have had. he would have had. we should have had. you would have had. they would have. lis auraient eu, they would have had. Aie, IMPERATIVE MODE. Ayons, have (thou). Ayez, let xishaoe. have {you). SUBJUNCTIVE MODE. Present. Que j'aie. Que tu ales, Qu'il ait, Que nous ayons, Que vous ayez, Qn'ils aient. that I may have. that thou mayst have. that he may have. thai we may have. that you may have. that they may hare. Imperfect. Que j'eusse, that 71 Que tu eusses, that thou Qu'il eut, that he Que nous eussions, that we Que vous eusslez, that yon C^u'lls eupsent, that they } Past. Que j'aie eu, that 1 may ^ Que tu aie? eu, that thou mayst I Qu'il ait eu, that he may • Que nous ayons eu, that we may - Que vous ayez eu, that you may \ Qu'ilB aient eu, Vtat they may J Pluperfect. Que j'eusFC eu, Que tu eupses eu, Qn'il eflt eu. Que nous enssions eu. Que vous eussiez eu, Qu'ilB eussent eu, that 71 that thou I that he i^-t. thut we a. > that you | « that theyj 158 TEE VEEB—ETRE, Ktra, Pbksent. Conjugation op £^re—to he, INFINITIVE MODE. Past, to be. Avoir 4t6, to have been. Pkksent. tftant, beinff. PARTICIPLES. Past. ]lt5, been. Compound. Ayant ^te, having been. Present. INDICATIVE MODE. Past Indemnite. Je snis. lam J'ai ete, J have been. Tues, thou art. Tu as ete, thou hast been. 11 est, he is. .11 a ete, he has been. Nous sommes, toe are. Nous avone ete. we have been. Vous etes, you are. Vous avez ete. you have been. lis sont, they are. lis out ete. they have been. Imperfect. Pluperfect. J'etais, I was. J'avais 6te, J had been. Tu etais, thou wast. Tu avals ete, thou hadst been. 11 ^tait, he was. Ilavait ete, he had been. Nous etions, we were. Nous avions 6te, we had been. Vous 6tiez, you were. Vous aviez ete. you Jiad been. lis ^taient, they were. lis avaient ete, they had been. Past Definite. Past Anterior. Jeftis. I was. J'eus 6te, I had been. Tu fus. thou wast. Tu eus ete, thou hadst been. 11 fut, he was. 11 eut ete. he had been. Nous fflmes, we were. Nous efimes 6te, we had been. Vous mes, you were. Vous elites ete. you had been. lis furent, they were. Up eurent ete, they had been. FUTURE. Future Anterior. Je serai. I shall be. J'aurai ete, I shall have been. Tu seras. thou wilt be. Tu auras ei6, thou wilt have been. 11 sera, he will be. 11 aura ete, he will have been. Nous serons. we shall be. Nous aurons ete, we shall have been. Vous serez, you will be. Vous aurez 6te, you will have been. lis seront. they will be. lis auront ete. they will have been. CONDITIONAL MODE. Present. Je serais, I should be. Tu serais, thou wouldst be. II serait, he would be. Nous serious, vje should be. Vous seriez, you would be. lis seraient, (hey would be. Past. J'aurais et6, 1 should have been. Tu aurais 6te, thau wouldst have been. 11 aurait ete, h£ would have been. Nous aurions ete, ux, should have been. Vous auriez ete, you would have been. lis auraient et§, they would have been. THE VEBB-PARLEB. 159 IMPERATIVE MODE. Soyone, Musbe. Sols, he (thou). Soyez, deiyau). SUBJUNCTIVE MODE. Present. Past. Qae je sois, that I may be. Quej'aie^t^, that I may) (^ue tu 8oi8, that thou maysi be. Que tu aies ^t§, thai thou mayst |o Qu'il 8oit, that he may be. Qu'il ait 6te, that he may ^ Que 110U8 soyoiis. thai we may be. Que nous ayons ete, that we may ■| Que V0U8 soyez. that you may be. Que vous ayez ^te, that you may s QnMls soient, that they may be. Qu'Us aient ete, that they may . IMPKRPBCT, Plupbrpect. Qne je fasse, that r Que j'eusse 6t^, thatr Qae tu fu88e8, that thou § Que tu euBses 6te, that thou J Qu'il fflt, that he ;> Qiril eflt 6te, that he Que nous fussions, that we - Que nous euesions 6te, thxit we \ § >• Que vous fussiez, that you ^ Que vous euseiez ete, that you • a Qnlrf fussent, that they. Qu'ils eussent 6t6, that they. Conjugation op Parler—to speak. INFINITIVE MODE. Prxsknt. Parler, to speak. Past. Avoir parlS, to have spoken. Present. Parlani^ speaking. PARTICIPLES. Past. Parl6, spoken. INDICATIVE MODE. Compound. Ayant parl6, having spoken. Present. Je parle, Tu parlefc, TI parle. Nous parlous, Vous parle];, lis parleni. T speak. thou speakesi. he speaks. we speak. you speak. they speak. Past Ikdepinite. J'ai parl£, Tu as parl6, II a parl^, Nons avons parl6, Vou? avez parl6, lis ont parle, 1 have spoken. thou hast spoken. fie has spoken. we have spoken. you have spoken. they have spoken. Imperitict. PHTPERITECT. Je parlais, Tu parlais, II parlait, Nous pnrlions, Vous pnrlie*. lis parlaient. I was speaking. thou wast speaking. he was speaking. we were speaking. you were speaking. they were speaking. J'avais parl6, Tu avals parl6, II avait parle, Nous avions parl6, Vous aviez parle, lis avaient parl6, I had spoken. thou hadst spoken. he had spoken. we had spoken. you had spoken. they had spoken. 160 TEE VERB—PARLER. Past DtriNiTE. Past AKTEiaoii. Je parlai, I spoke. J'eus parl^, 1 had spoken. Tu parlae, thou spokes t. Tu eus parle, thou hadst spoken. 11 parla, he spoke. 11 eut parle, he had spoken. Nous parlames, we spoke. Nous eumes parle, we had spoken. Vous parlates, you spoke. Vous eutes parle, you had spoken. lis parlerent, they spoke. lis eurent parle, they had spoken. Future. Future Anterior. Je parlerai, I shall speak. J'aurai parle, Ishall] ^ Tu parleras, thou wilt speak. Tu auras parle, thou wilt § 11 parlera, he will speak. 11 aura parle, hewUll'^ we shall \i Nous parlerons, we shall speak. Nous aurons parle, Vous parlerez, you wUl speak. Vous aurez parle. you will 1 ^ lis parleront, they will sjnak. lis auront parle, they will) ^ CONDITIONAL MODE. Present. Past. Je parlerais, I should speak. J'aurais parle, Ishould^ ^ thou wouldst 1 1 Tu parlerais, thou wouldst speak. Tu aurais parle, 11 parlerait, he would speak. 11 aurait parle, he would [ "" Nous paileriont we should speak. Nous aurions parle. we should "§ Vous parleriez, you would sjjeak. Vous auriez parle. you would ^ Us parleraient, they would speak. lis auralent parle. they would) • IMPERATIVE MODE. Parlous, let us speak. Parle, speak {thou). Parlcz, speak {you). SUBJUNCTIVE MODE. Present. Que je parle, that I may speak. Que tu paries, that thou mayst speak. QuMl parle, that he may speak. Que nous parlions. that ive may tpeak. Que vous parliez, that you may speak. Qu'ils parlent, that they may speak. Imperfect. Que je parlasse. Que tu parlasses, QuMl parlat, Que nous parlassione, Que vous parlassiez, Qu'ils parlassent, that I^ g that thou I ^• that he \ ^ that we\ ^ that you \ § that they] ^ Past. Que j'aie parle, that T may') -^ Que tu alesparl^, that thou mayst % Qu'il ait parle, that he may Que nous ayons parle, that we may [ "j Que vous ayez parle, that you may ^ QuMls aient parle, that they may) ' Pluperfect. Que j'eusse parle, that 1'] Que tu cusses parle, that thou Qu'il eut parle, Que nous eussions parle, that ive Que vous eussiez parle, that you Qu'ils eussent parle, that they. that he < s ^ THE VERB-FINIR. 161 CONJUGATION OF Fitiir—to finish. INFINITIVE MODE. Present. Pi LST. Pinir, tofiiUsh. Avoir fini, to have finished. PARTICIPLES. Present. Past. Compound. Fin J ssant, /nwAing'. ¥\xi\ finished. Ayant tLni, having finished INDICATIVE MODE. Present. Past Indefinite. Je finis, Tfinish. J'ai fini. I have finished. Tu finis. thoufinishest. Tu as fini, thou hast finished. 11 fiuit. hefinishes. II a fini, he has finished. Noup finipsons, , we finish. Nous avons fini. we have finished. Vous finissez, you finish. Vons avez fini, you have finished. lis finisscnt. they finish. lis out fini. they have finished. iMPERrECT. Pluperfect. Je finissais, I was finishing. J'avais fini. 1 had finished. 'l"u finisBaip, thou wast finishing. Tu avals fini, thou hadst finished. 11 flnissait, he was finishing. 11 avait fini, he had finished. Nous finissione I, we were finishing. Nous avions fini. we had finished. Vous finissicz. you were finishing. Voue aviez fini. you had finished. lis finissaient, they were finishing. lis avai^nt fini, they had finished Past Definite. Past Anterior. Je finis?, /finished. J'eus fini, I had finished. Tu finis, thouflnishedst. Tu ens fini, thou hadst finished. II fiiiit, he finished. 11 eut fini. he had finished. Nous finfmes, we finished. Nous efimes fini. we had finished. Vous fintfes. you finished. Vous eflte-ifini. you had finished. lis finirent. they finished. lis eurent fini. they had finished. Future. Future Anterior. Je finirai, I shall finish. J'aurai fini, IshaU^ Tu finiras, thou wilt finish. Tu auras fini. thou wilt 1 Ss, 11 flnira. he 7 ci'l finish. 11 aura fini. hewiUlJ^ we shall- fn Nous finirons, we shall finish. Nous aurons fini, Nous finirez, you tcUl finish. Vous aurez fini, you will j ^ lis finiront, they wui finish. lis auront fini. they will) CONDITIONAL MODE. Present. Past. Je flnirais, I should finish. J"aurais fini. 1 should] Tu finirais, tJiou wo'ildst finish. Tu anrais fini. thou wouldst 1 v. . 11 finirait. lie would finish. 11 nurait fini. he would \ s- ^ we should • f ^■ Nous finirions, we shmUd finish. Nous aurions fini, Vous finiriez. you would finish. Vous anriez fini, you tiovld j ^ lis finiraient, they would finish. lis auraieiit fini, they would ^ 162 THE VEBB- -BECEVOIH. IMPERATIVE MODE. Fin^issons, let us finish. F.inis, finish (tJiou). Finissez, finish (you). SUBJUNCTIVE MODE. Pees lENT. Past. Que jc flnisse, thai I map] Que j'aie fini, that I may ") > Que tu finisses, that thou mayst \ Que tu ales fini, that thou mayst j § Qu'il flnisse, that he may \ ■>. Qu'il ait fini. that he may > '^ that we may |. Que nous finissions, that we may \ Que nous ayons fini, Que VOU8 fiuissiez, that you may Que vous ayez fii.i, that you may ^ Qu'il finissent, that they may , Qu'ils aient fini, that they may i ^ Imperfect. Plupeefect. Que je finisse, that I) ^ Que j'eusse fini, that 71 Que tu finisses, that thoul |- Que tu eus^Hes? fini, that thou \^t. Qu'il finit, that he ! g thai toe '^ Qu'il efit fini. that he ^^ Que nous flniesions, Que nous eussions fini, that toe f f'^s! Que vous finissiez, that you |; Que vous eussiez fini, , that you \^% Qu'ils finissent. that they] " Qu'ils eussent fini, that they i Conjugation of Recevoir — to receive. INFINITIVE MODE. Pbesent. Past. Recevoir, to receive. Avoir re9U, to have received. PARTICIPLES. Present. Past. Compound. Recevant, receiving, Re9u, received. Ayant refu, INDICATIVE MODE. having received. Present. Past Indefinite. Je re^ois, I receive. J'ai re9U. 1 have receivea. Tu re9ois. thou receivest. Tu as re9u, thou hast received. IlreQoit, he receives. ll a re9U. he has received. Nous recevons, tve receive. Novis avons re9U, we have received. Vous recevez. you receive. Vous avez re9u, you have received. 11^ resolvent. '^ey receive. Us ont re9U, they have received. Imperfec: Plupbrfkct. Je recevais, I wax receiving. J'avais re9ti. I ^ad received. Tu recevais, thou ivast nceixing. Tu avais Te9U, thou haptM received. 11 recevait, Jie was receiving. 11 avait re9n, he h(pd nceived. Nous recevions. we were receiving. Nous avion s re9U. we had received. Vous receviez, you were receiving. . Vousaviezre9U, you had received. Ub recevaient, they were receiving. Usavaient re9U, they had received. THE VERB—RECEVOIR. 1G3 Past Dkpinitb. Je re^us, Tu reyus, II re9iii. Nous re^iiinu-, Vou? refutes, lU re9uieDt, / received. thou receivedst. he received. we rectived. you received. they received. FCTURB. Je recevrai, Tu rccevras, II recevra, Nous recevronp, Vous recevrez, lis recevront. J shall receive, thou wiU receive, he will receive, we shall receive, you will receive, they wilt receive. Past Antkrior. J'eus re9U, / had received. Tu eus re^u, thou hadst received. II eut re9u, he had received. Nous efimei* re9u, we had received. Vous efites re9u, you had received. lis eurent re9U, tliey had received. Future Anterior. J'aurai re9u, / sJiaU have 1 Tu auras ie9u, II aura re9u, Nous aurons re9U, Vous aurez re9u. Us auront re9U, thou wilt have \ -^ he will hare 1 ^ we i ^ you ivould j I they would) • Regols, IMPERATIVE MODE. receive (thou). SUBJUNCTIVE Present. Qjiejere9oive, that! s a Que tu re90iveji, that thou Qu'il re9oive. that he <«! Que nous recevionp, that we 1 Que vous receviez, that you Qu'ils re9oivent. that they. Ijn»ERFBCT Que je re9n88c. that r 2 Que tu re9us8es. that thou € QuMl re9flt, that he > Que nonp re9ns9ion?. that we i Que voup re9n9Piez, that you « Qu'ils re9US8eDt, that they * Recevone, letusrei 'xive. Recevez, receive (you). Z MODE. Past. Qnej'a1ere9n, that 1} Que tu aies re9a, that thou QueMl ait rc9U, that he that we j Que nous ayons re9u, ^1 Que vons ayez re9n. that you • S Qu'ils aient re9U, that they. Pluperfect, Qnej'enssc re9n, that 1} ^3 If Que tn cusses re9n, that thou QnMl eQt re9U, that he •' that 7Pe Que nous enssions re9U li Que vous enssjez ro9n. that you Qu'ils eussent re9U, that they 164 THE VEBB—VENDBE. Conjugation of Vendre—to sell. INFINITIVE MODE. Present. Vendre. to seU. Past. Avoir vendu, to have sold. PARTICIPLES. Present. Vendant, selling. past Vendu, sold. COMPOUND. Ayant vendu, having sold. INDICATIVE MODE. Present. Past Indefinite. Je vends, IseU. J'ai vendu. / have sold. Tu vends, thou sellest. Tu as vendu, thou hast sold. 11 vend, he Sflls. 11 a vendu. he has sold. Nous vendons, we sell. Nouif avons vendu. we have sold. Vous vendez. you sell. Vous avez vendn, you have sold. 11 sf vendent. they sell. Hi? ont vendu, they have sold. Ihh-erfect. Pluperfect. Je vendais, I was selling. J'avais vendu. 1 had sold. Tu vendais, thou wast selling. Tu avais" vendu, thou hadst sold. 11 vendait, he was selling. 11 avait vendu. he had sold. Nous veudions, we were sellinq. Nons avion? vendu, we had sold. Vous vendiez, you were selling. Vous aviez vendu, you had sold. lis vendaient, they were selling. lis avaiont vendu, they had sold. Past Definite. Past Anterior. Je vendis, Isold. J'eus vendu. I had sold. Tu vendis, thou soldest. Tn ens vendu. thou hadst sold. 11 vendit, he sold. 11 eut vendn. he had sold. Nous vendimes , we sold. Nons eumes vendu, we had sold. Vous vendites. you sold. Vous efltes vendu, you had sold. lis vendirent, they sold. lis eurent vendu, they had sold. Future. Future Anterior. Je vendrai, / shall sell. J'aurai vendu, IshaU- Tu vendras, thou wilt seU. Tu auras vendu, thou wilt ^ II vendra. hewUlsell. II aura vendu. he ^vill ! § Wf fhall j g^ Nous vendrons, , we shaU sell. Nous aurons vendu V^ous vendrez, you will sell. Vous auroz vendu, you will 1 ?^ Us vendront, they will sell. lis auront vendu, they Willi THE VERB^PARTICIPLE-ADVERB. 165 CONDITIONAL MODE. Pbbsbnt. Je vendrais, Til vendrais, II vendrait, Nous vendrions, Vous vendriez, lis veDdraient, 1 should sell. thou woiUdst sell. he would sell. we should sell. you would sell. Past. J'aurais vcndu, Tu aurais vendu, II aurait vendu, Nous auriouH vendu, Voui* auriez vendu, they would sell. lis auraient vendu, I should ] thou tuouldxt I » he would ! « we should • ^ you would «^ they would i V^endfl, IMPERATIVE MODE. Vendons, tell ifJiou) Vendez, let us sell, sell (you). SUBJUNCTIVE MODE. Present. Que je vende, that 1 may sell. Que tn vendee, that thou mayst sell. Q n ' il vende , that he may sell. Que none vendione, that we may fell. Que vous vendiez, that you may sell. QuMl? vendent, that they may sell. Past. Que j'aie vendu, thatlmay' Que tu aies vendu, that thou mayst Qu'il ait VL-ndu, that he may Que nous Myons vendu, that we may • Que vousayez vendu, that you may Qu'ilp aieiit vendu, that they may I* Imperfect. Que je vendisse. Que tu vendisses, QuMl vendft. Que nouf vendisBionf, Que vous vendissiez, QuMls vendissent. that n that thou |, that lu •' "|. thai ice 1 * that you that they] Pluperfect. Que j'ewfee vendu. Que tu eusees vendu, Qu'il eflt vendn. Que nous eussions vendu, Que vous euseiez vendu, Qu'ils eussent vendu, It VI. The Participle, The Participles are given with the verbs. Ainsi, thus ; alors, then ; aujourd'hui, to-day ; aussi, also, too ; VII, Tlie Adverb, ensuito, tlien, afterwards ; hier, yesterday : longtemps, long, a long time ; maintenant, now ; 166 THE AD VERB— PREPOSITION. bien, well ; bient6t, soon ; comme, as, like ; comment, how ; dedans, within ; dehors, outside ; deja, already ; demain, to-morrow ; encore, still ; yet ; ensemble, together mai, badly ; partout, everywhere ; quand, when ; presque, almost ; si, so; souvent, often ; surtout, especially ; tantot, by and by; a little while ag: tard, late ; toujours, always. Assez, enough ; autant, as much ; as many ; beaucoup, much, many ; combien, how much, how many moinjs, less ; peu, little ; a few ; plus, more ; trop, too ; too much. Doucement, softly, gently ; heureusement, fortunately; lentement, slowly : poliment, politely. Tres, very ; fort, hard ; very ; bien, well, very ; assez, enough ; rather. VIII, The Preposition, Avant, before ; hors, out ; contre, against ; jusque, till, until ; as far depuis, since ; parmi, among ; derriere, behind ; pendant, during ; devant, before ; pres de, near ; entre, between ; sous, under ; environ, about ; sur, on, upon ; excepte, except ; vis a vis, opposite. THE CONJUNCTION— INTERJECTION. 167 IX. Aussitdt que, as soon as ; avant que, before ; car, for ; Dependant, however ; et, and ; lorsque, when maia, but ; The Co^ijunction, ni, neither ; nor ; ^ ou, or ; parce que, because pourquoi. why ; que, that ; quoique, although i 81, if ; whether. Ah! ah I aKe! oh I helas ! alas ! fi! fy! oh! ohi The Interjection, bah ! pshaw I paix I silence 1 chut 1 hist I hola ! hallo I eh bien ! well tkor <^^U^i -.aJU ^^ — fyQ^f VB 35683 The Most Reliable and Widely-u^.. . Physiology and Hygiene. A COMPLETE COURSE, FULX.Y COMPLYING WITH THE StATK LaWS REQUIRING INSTRUCTION IN PHYSIOLOGY AND Hygiene, with Special liEPERKNCB to the Physiological Effects OF Stimulants and Narcotics. By Joseph C. Hutchison, M.D., LL.D., Eoz-P^enident of the New York Patlvolotjical Society ; Ex-Vice-I^esident of the Neio York Academy of Medicine ; Surgeon to the Brooklyn City Hospital : and late i*residen,t of the Medical Society of the State of New York. FOR ELEMENTARY GRADES AND UNGRADED SCHOOLS. FiEST Lessons in Physiology. Fully illustrated. 160 pages, IGmo, cloth. FOR GRAMMAR GRADES. The Laws of Health. Copiously illustrated. 223 pages, iGiuo, cloth. FOR HIGH-SCHOOLS, ACADEMIES, AND COLLEGES. Physiology and Hygiene. With numerous accurate and artistic cuts and colored plates. 330 pages, 12mo, cloth. With the present preat number of text-books on Physiology which have been {Hiblishi'd for the smideniy increased demand, and many of them b^' authors of iitle or BO experimental kiiowled^'H of their subject, we believe that teachers will see the pi'udeiice and wisdom of st'leciiug the works of Dr. Hutchison, who, by his hi^di piof.'ssioiial position and well-kuown reputation for clear and thorough writ- in;^. is prfi'iuincnUy qualified for the special work in the Complete Course. FioiiL Samuel G. Armor, M.l>., lat*" I'mft-ssor In Miehi);an Univer- sit.\ : •• Many of the popular works on l'liy>iol..;,'y now in use in schools, acad- tniies. and collcpres do not reflect the inf-seut state of the science, and some of iliem abound in absolute eiroi-g. The work which Dr. Hulchison has eriven to tilt' public is free from these objection- ahl.' f.-atures. 1 give it my hearty com- nieiKiafioM." .'«> om Pri»f. Bnrt G. Wilder, M.T>., '\ «»rnell L'liiversity, Ithaca, N. Y. : I have exainin»'d somewhat carefully Hutchison's Physio|oj;y and Hvgii'ue, and nun recommend it as an accurate, inteiii^rjbie and well-illustrated text- book for schools. From Boston Journal of Chem- istry : This book is one of the very few sthool-Wooks on these subjects wliich can be unconditionally recommended. The "Physiology and Hygiene" is probably used in more first>claM Schools than any other book on a like sabject. It is accurate, free from needless tech- nicalities, and judicious in the practical advice it pives on Hyirienic topics. The illustrations are excellent, and the book is well printed and bound. From the Itoston Medical and Siirg^ical Journal: *" Le^islat'TS are untiring in their efforts to stay the j)vogress of intemperance by various methods, some of wliich are well advised and others ill advised, but the more recent proposal of educators to remedy the evil by the early training of the child jrives promise of better results. The prevention of an evil by correct education in early life is a more encour- aging process than its cure by any treatment, either mild or heroic, in later year.>-'; and the timely appearance of this text-book by Dr. Hutchison is well calculated to meet the demand for such elementary instruction as it c< n- tains." Clark & Maynard, Publishers, 771 Broadway and 67 &• 69 Ninth Street, New York.