DS 765 159 Japan-China War: The Regent's Sword. Kinchow, Talienwan, Port Arthur, THE GENERAL STAFF DEPARTMENT GIFT OF Frof. Cha-les A. Fc fr id ffi ATTACK OF THE FIELI .RTILLERY ON KINCHOW. THE JAPAN-CHINA WAR: ON THE REGENT'S SWORD: KING-HOW, POUT ARTHUR, AND TALIENWAN. COMPILED Fp OFFICIAL /ND OTHEI| SOURCES BY JUKICHI \INOUYE. WITH NUMEROUS COLLOTYPE PLATES BY K. OGAWA. KELLY AND WALSH, Limited. YOKOHAMA, HONGKONG, SHANGHAI, AND SINGAPORE. (SIFT OF CHARLES A KOFOID PREFACE. The following pages contain a brief account of the movements of the Second Japanese Army Corps on the Kinehow Peninsula, as a detailed official report has not yet been published, but it is believed that all the important movements have been included. It may, however, be mentioned that all reference to the alleged atrocities at Port Arthur has been avoided as the heated controversy to which they have given rise has not yet subsided and it would be impossible to give an impartial account in the face of the contradictory allegations that have been put forward. It has, therefore, been thought advisable to wait until the excitement has cooled and a calmer judgment is brought to bear upon the matter. M168901 LIST OF COLLOTYPE PLATES. FRONTISPIECE. Attack of the Field Artillery on Kinchow. I. Men-of-war and Transports at anchor off Hvvayuan-kow. ( Provisions landed at Hwayuan-kow. (Temporary Pier at Hwayuan-kow at full tide. (The Encampment at Hwayuan-kow. (Landing Provisions at Hwayuan-kow. rThe Beach at Petsewo at low-tide. (The same at high- tide. V. The Second Regiment, Infantry, before the walls of Kinchow. (Chinese Dead on a Field near Kinchow. yj _ ) (Examination of Prisoners after the Occupation of Kinchow. VII. _ The Pier at Liushootun, Talienwan. VIII. _ View of the Fort at Hoshang, Talienwan. IX. _ Interior of the Hoshang Fort, Talienwan. X. _ The First Division at Shwangtaikow. !The First Regiment of Artillery firing upon the enemy come to attack the Second Regiment Infantry. The smoke on the right hill is from the Field Artillery and that on the left from the Mountain Artillery, while the Infantry is about to extend on the foreground. XII. The Ambulance Corps carrying away the dead from Toochingtse. ,,., (The First Regiment, Infantry, in occupation of the Camp deserted by the \ Enemy at Fongheatun, near Port Arthur. in the Camp of the Second Army on the Eve of the Attack on Port Arthur, from a Drawing by T. Asai. XV. _ A Company of Mountain Artillery firing at Fongheatun, near Port Arthur. XVI. _ Barracks of the Kiangtse Troops at Port Arthur. XVII. View of the Tiger's Tail Promontory. (Right-half). SView of the Tiger's Tail Promontory. (Left-half.) On the right is the Chingtow Fort ; next to it in the distance is the Mantow Fort; to the left of it is the Mante Fort, below which are barracks while in the distance on the left is to be seen the Lighthouse Department. Muster of the First Regiment and portion of the Fifteenth Regiment at Sooheatun, near Kinchow. _ (View of the Entrance to Port Arthur from the Mantseying Fort. I The Hwangkin Forts on the right and the Tiger's Tail in the centre. XXI. Bird's eye View of Port Arthur. XXII. A Chinese Play at Port Arthur. XXIII. Officers celebrating their Victory at the Dockyard at Port Arthur. XXIV. A Funeral Service outside the East Gate of Kinchow. ON THE REGENT'S SWO&D, jf HE Japanese army which had been sent into Corea won the great battle of Phyongyang (Pingyang) on the I5th September, 1 894. Its next course was to pursue the Chinese army out of the peninsula into Manchuria. The naval battle of Haiyang on the i;th of the same month gave Japan the command of the Yellow Sea, which was now open for the transportation of troops into the Chinese territory. A second army, therefore, was called out for the invasion of the peninsula, known as the Regent's Sword, at the extremity of which lies Port Arthur, as until this great Chinese fortress was captured, the Chinese fleet could not be said to have been rendered absolutely useless. The possession of this famed port would give Japan the command of the Gulf of Pechili and enable her to intercept the trade with the ports in that gulf. This Second Army was to consist of the First Provincial Division and the Twelfth Brigade. The former has its headquarters at Tokyo, the two Brigades which it comprises being garrisoned at Tokyo and Sakura respectively. The Twelfth Brigade is garrisoned at Kokura, a town near Moji, in Kyushu. The Commander of the First Division is Lieut-General Yamaji, the One-eyed Dragon, as he is called, from his having lost his right eye in boyhood and his intrepidity, the First and Second Brigades being commanded by Major-Generals Nishi and Nogi. The Commander of the Twelfth Brigade is Major-General Hasegawa. Marshal Oyama, Minister for War, was appointed on the 26th September Commander-in-chief of this Second Army. The mobilisation of the First Division commenced on the 22nd of the same month, and the whole Division was quartered by the 2;th at Hiroshima, the seat of the Central Headquarters, presided over by the Emperor in person. It was not, however, until the i5th October that the transports were ready for the conveyance of the First Division. The Combined Brigade under Major-General Hasegawa had, however, been already landed in Corea. From the i5th to the 2Oth, the transports left Ujina, the port of Hiroshima, in succession. On the i5th, the Japanese Diet had been summoned to an Extraordinary Session in connection with the war ; and the members of both Houses of the Diet accompanied Marshal Oyama to Ujina on his departure. The Marshal embarked on the Nagato-maru, while Lieut.- General Yamaji and his staff were on the Yokohama-mar u. These two vessels, together with the Nagoya- maru, left Ujina at 10 a.m. on the same clay, and arrived off Bakan (or Shimonoseki) on 8.30 p.m. Next morning, they left with the Fusan- maru. The sea was rough, and on the i9th they arrived at the Taidong River. The rest of the transports followed them in due succession. They were soon anchored in the river off Oeundong. Meanwhile the Japanese men-of-war, which had been sent to reconnoitre the southern coast of the Regent's Sword, returned to the Taidong after carefully surveying it from Talienwan to the Yalu, and reported that though Port Arthur and Talienwan were strongly garrisoned, there was a harbour to the north of Haiyang Island and south-east of Kinchow,* which was suited to the landing of the army, being entirely neglected by the enemy. On the morning of the 23rd, the First Brigade, which was to be the advance-guard of the army, left Oeundong under the convoy of the men-of-war. Early next morning, the transports arrived off the mouth of the River Hwayuan, on the Regent's Sword. A little further west was the town of Petsewo, which would have been a more convenient place for landing, being a fair-sized town with plenty of accommodation, but the beach extended at low tide some seven miles into the sea. Even the Hwayuan offered difficulties in this respect as the beach was muddy and the shoals extended for three and a half miles. However, it was chosen as it required less wading than Petsewo. The transports went to the Hwayuan in perfect darkness so as not to attract attention of any stray warship of the enemy. At dawn the Japanese cruiser Chiyoda which had with other warships preceded the transports, sent a sub- company of marines, who landed at a village to the north of the mouth of the river, and erected the Japanese flag on a hill close by. A company of the First Regiment then made in boats for the flag, and on landing, relieved * Also pronounced Chinchow. [3] the marines. In due time, the Second and Fifteenth Regiments also disembarked together with the Ambulance corps and a company of Engineers. The Staff of the First Division and a few members of the General Staff also went on shore about the same time. Two days later, Marshal Oyama and the rest of his staff arrived off Shihtsuytse, at the mouth of the Hwayuan. The landing of horses took altogether twelve days. On the 25th, the advance-guard marched to How-seauhea-putse, about six miles from the mouth of the river, where they waited for the arrival of the rest of the army. As there were few boats on the shore and the roads were wretched, great difficulty was experienced by the commissariat. On the same day, the First Battalion of the First Regiment, under Major Saito, was despatched to Petsewo, a distance of nearly thirty miles, which was occupied without any opposition. The First Division which joined the advance-guard on the 27th, left How-seauhea-putse on the following day and reached Petsewo on the 29th. Here the army rested for four days. The plan of operations for the siege of Kinchow was in the meantime matured ; and it was decided that the First Division should leave Petsewo on the 3rd, the birthday of the Emperor of Japan. Marshal Oyama celebrated the day at Lanhea-tuntse and entered Petsewo on the 4th. On the 2nd, Major Saito was sent forward towards Kinchow with a battalion of the Fifteenth Regiment, a battalion of Engineers, and a company of Cavalry, to reconnoitre the enemy's position. Early next day, Lieut-General Yamaji also left Petsewo at the head of the main body of the First Division, the van which consisted of the First Regiment, a sub-company of Cavalry, a company of Mountain Artillery, and half an Ambulance corps, being led by Major-General Nogi, and the rear being brought up by Major-General Nishi. Major Akiyama, of the First Battalion of Artillery, was despatched with a company each of Artillery and Infantry towards Wooshih-lipu, on the Foochow road, to check the enemy at Poolanteen. On the 3rd, the army advanced to Wang-heateen, and on the following day, Hwang- heateen was reached, the distance covered on either day being 12% miles. On the 5th, at 7 a.m., the army started from Hwang- heateen ; and after marching about three miles, reports of guns were heard, [4] which increased as it advanced. When the main body reached the summit of Mt. Tatse, the Chinese were seen to fire from two batteries at the foot of Mt. Tahoshang upon the van, which was at the time 1,500 metres in advance of the main body, while the enemy were 6,000 metres off. The distance was too great for the guns fired from these batteries. Lieut.-General Yamaji left a column to guard the highway, and turned with the Main Division into the Foochow road. After travelling for over twenty- five miles through steep paths, he reached Kan-heatun, where the Division encamped for the night, while the Third Regiment was quartered at Sanshihli-putse. Major Saito's column, which had been sent from Petsewo on the 2nd, reconnoitred the country round and reached Liu-heateen on the 4th. Here it met with 50 horsemen and 200 foot of the enemy, who fought stubbornly, but finally fled leaving behind fodder and Mauser ammunition. This was the first encounter since the landino- o of the army on the Regent's Sworcl. A Cavalry corps, sent by the major to the Foochow road, cut the telegraph line and caught a horseman, who, on examination, was found to be the bearer of letters from Port Arthur to Foochow, one of which was an urgent appeal for reinforcement. The messenger tried to commit suicide, but was prevented and held prisoner, Major Saito promising to release him on the conclusion of the war. Lieut.-General Yamaji's object in making a detour to Kan-heatun was to attack the enemy in the rear, as he discovered that while the Petsewo road was strongly guarded, the Foochow road was entirely neglected. He led with Major-General Nishi the Second and Third Regiments, while Major- General Nogi was to lead the First Regiment with the artillery against the batteries, and the Fifteenth Regiment under Colonel Kono, together with Major Saito's column, was to attack the enemy's left from the Petsewo road. Major-General Nogi made for Liu-heateen, and on the way met Major Saito who was at the head of a reconnoitring company. The major reported that he had that morning been within 300 metres of the batteries, from which the enemy had opened fire ; but he had retired as he had fully reconnoitred their position. The enemy, however, thinking that he was retreating, increased their firing. Major-General Nogi then ordered his column to attack the batteries ; [5] but after several hours' fighting, he retired from the attack as the enemy's position was too strong ; and encamped between the Petsewo and Foochow roads. Next day, the 6th, had been fixed for attacking Kinchow. At 4 a.m., the columns left their encampments, orders having been given overnight to commence the attack at 6. Major Saito silently led his column round the right side of the first battery, at Tahoshang and after traversing a steep path, brought it to the rear. Sub-Lieutenant Ito, at the head of a company, scrambled up a precipice until he was within 50 metres, and then charged upon the battery. The enemy were taken by surprise, and though they fought bravely, were soon routed; and the battery was captured. The sub-lieutenant then descended the steep between the two batteries, and attacked the second ; but here too the enemy fought obstinately. Lieutenant Awaya, of the First company of the First Battalion (Fifteenth Regiment) also charged with the company upon the battery, which soon fell. The second company of the same battalion also aided the first. In the midst of the fight, Major Saito saw a Chinese soldier was about to fire a mine ; he rushed through the enemy's volleys upon the man and with a stroke of his sword cleft his head in two. In the first battery were mounted three Krupp field and one mountain guns, while in the second were one field and three mountain guns of the same manufacture. A large quantity of ammunition was also left behind. The major's column then pursued the enemy round the mountain to Kinchow, before which they found themselves at 6.30. Meanwhile, Lieut-General Yamaji had advanced along the Foochow road with 'he main body upon Kinchow. Major-General Nogi and Colonel Kono also marched towards the same objective in pursuit of the fugitives from the Tahoshang batteries, and opened fire with field and mountain guns at 2,500 metres. When the Main Division arrived at Palichwang, the Second Regiment also commenced the attack on the castle, which was stoutly defended. At past 8, the artillery from the Kinchow road also opened fire from the south side of the road, followed by the artillery of the Main Division from both sides of the Foochow road. For fifty minutes the enemy replied with the Krupp guns on the castle towers, but soon their firing began to flag, and they showed a disposition to retreat. Lieut-General [6] Yamaji then advanced at the head of the army for a general attack. The Third Regiment, which had hitherto remained in reserve, was sent with two Artillery companies to the west of the castle to intercept the enemy in their flight to Port Arthur. When the storming column came upon the castle, they found the walls were thirty-feet high, and could not be climbed, while the enemy continued to fire from the parapets. Orders were given to the Engineers to destroy the North gate, which was the strongest of the four gates of the castle, the doors being made of solid plates of iron. Lieutenant Yanome, of the Engineers, had ordered his men to bring a case of gun cotton ; but Onoguchi, a private of the same corps, took the case and in spite of the enemy's fire, made for the gate. He was shot in the elbow, but he succeeded in setting the explosive under the gate. Just as he came away, the gate was destroyed, and the attacking column charged through the breach. The East gate was also opened, and another column charged through it. The enemy fell into, complete disorder, and opening the West gate, fled on the Port Arthur road, where they were pursued by the Second and Third Regiments. The castle fell at past 10 a.m., and the Main Division occupied it and set the Japanese flag on the castle top. During the attack on the castle, Colonel Iseji, who commanded the Second Regiment, on finding the castle wall too high to be taken by storm, withdrew to an open field about 120 yards distant; but he saw suspicious marks on the ground, and immediately led his men back to the attack, the gate having in the meantime been destroyed. On examination, it was afterwards found that a mine had been laid in the field, and if the colonel had not been so observant, he would have lost over 100 men by its explosion. The Japanese regiments pursued the enemy as far as Soo-heatun, and returned in the evening. Lieut.-General Yamaji then made the following arrangements for the attack on Talienwan : (1) The Third Regiment, with a sub-company of Cavalry and two companies of Artillery, under Major.-General Nishi, to form the Port Arthur road column. (2) The First Regiment, with a sub-company of Cavalry, a company of Engineers, and half an Ambulance corps, under Major- General Nogi, to attack Hoshang Island. [7] (3) The Fifteenth Regiment, with a sub-company of Cavalry, a company of Engineers, and half an Ambulance corps, under Colonel Kono, to attack the Mt. Talan forts. The rest of the army was to remain in reserve on the south side of Kinchow. At dawn on the 7th, the Hoshang and Talan columns marched stealthily up to the forts and commenced a sudden attack. Both forts had been constructed after the latest European style and were relied upon by China as among her strongest fortresses. The Japanese army were prepared for a stubborn fight ; but the garrison, it appears, had, on hearing of the fall of Kinchow, deserted the forts, having behind a few men to hold them ; and these too, on seeing the approach of the Japanese regiments, instantly took to their heels. The Talan forts first fell without any resistance ; and the three batteries of Hoshang were next as easily occupied by the First Regiment. The Mt. Choohea and Laolung Island forts were seized by the Second Regiment. The First Company of Engineers then examined the magazines and torpedo station, in the latter of which was found a plan of the torpedo-mines in the bay. With this plan, the Japanese navy was able to destroy all the mines without any difficulty. Meanwhile, as the 6th had been fixed for the attack on Kinchow, the navy left its base of operations at dawn on the same day. It consisted of the Main Squadron formed by the Has hi date, CJiiyoda, Itsukushima, Naniiva, and Matsushiina, the First Flying Squadron, (the Yoshino, Takachiho %x\& Akitsushima\ the Second Flying Squadron (the Fuso, Katsuragi, Kongo, and Takao), and the Fourth Flying Squadron (the Tsuknshi^ Akagi, Maya, Os him a, and C/wkai). These squadrons arrived at the entrance to Talienwan at 1.30 p.m. on the same day, their intention being to assist the army as Talienwan is less than eight miles from Kinchow. The British man-of-war Severn was already in the bay. Reports of cannon from Kinchow were heard very clearly, and though the squadrons were anxious to attack Talienwan at the same time, the distance was too great as they could not without utmost caution enter the bay which was guarded with mines. Six tenders were sent under cover of the Fourth Flying Squadron to sweep the bay for these mines. As the night fell, the remaining squadrons went out to sea. Early next [8] morning, they returned to the bay, which the Tsukushi, Akagi, and Chokai entered, while the Oshima and Maya went into the neighbouring Kerr Bay. Sounds of firing on land were heard very close. The Tsukitshi fired its 26 c.m. gun upon the signal-tower on the east side of the entrance to the bay, and the Akagi and Chokai attacked the barracks close by, but there was no reply. They were greatly surprised; but as the Talienwan forts were next in strength to Port Arthur and Wei-hai-wei, they advanced very cautiously. At 9 a.m. the Main and First Flying Squadrons entered the bay, and at 10.09, the Hashidate fired upon the forts ; but on careful inspection, the men on the central battery at Hoshang were seen to be in Japanese uniform and the flag flying on the staff was soon after recognised as that of the Rising Sun. A tender from the Yoshino then approached the forts, and soon communication was formed between the army and the navy, when the capture of the forts that morning was ascertained by the latter. Early on the morning of the 8th, the Yoshino and Takachiho left for Port Arthur, and the rest of the fleet anchored in Kerr Bay. On the 9th, transports entered Talienwan and landing was effected at the pier below the western battery of Hoshang. Thus both the forts and the bay fell entirely into the hands of the Japanese. At Hoshang Island, there are three batteries, the central one being mounted with 2 2i-c.ni., and 2 i5-c.m. guns, and the eastern and western being each provided with 2 24-c.m. guns. At Mt. Soohea, there are 4 15-c.m. guns; at Laolung, 2 24-c.m. and 2 2i-c.m. guns ; and at Hwangshan, 2 24-c.m. and 2 12 c.m. guns. The strength of the garrison at Kinchow was about 1,500; while the total number at Kinchow and Talienwan has been computed at over 6,600. The commander of the Tatung garrison in Shansi was on his way to reinforce Port Arthur with 3,250 men ; but hearing, at Wooshih-lipu, about 15 miles north of Kinchow, of the capture of that castle, he fell back with his army towards Foochow. The Chinese killed numbered some tens, while their wounded exceeded 100. On the Japanese side, no one was killed, but a lieutenant and a few privates were wounded on the 5th and 6th, while absolutely no one suffered on the ;th at Talienwan. Over [9] 2oo prisoners were taken ; but they were ultimately all released except 14 foot-soldiers, a horse-man and an artillery-man. Japanese trophies at Kinchow and Talienwan consisted of 621 rifles, among which were Mausers and Enfields ; 129 guns, 6 Catling machine guns, several still unused guns of Chinese manufacture, and numerous Krupp coast-guns ; 33,814,300 rifle cartridges and 2,468,271 rounds of ordnance ammunition, found in barracks and elsewhere ; 6,000 yen in specie, including that found on the 5th on the Foochow road; 1 6,000 bushels of fodder ; 3,210 bags of rice; 85 horses, 15 of which were afterwards used by the army ; and 20 subterraneous mines, which were dug out. Kinchow and Talienwan had been captured by the First Division alone ; and it was decided to wait before advancing on Port Arthur until the arrival of the Twelfth or Combined Brigade under Major- General Hasegawa. Meanwhile, a Civil Administration Office was established at Kinchow, at the head of which Mr. Minoji Arakawa, late Japanese Consul at Tientsin, was placed. On the 1 1 th, the Second Brigade, under Major-General Nishi, advanced to Sanshih-lipu, about 1 1 miles from Kinchow; and at length on the i3th, Major-General Hasegawa's Combined Brigade arrived at Kinchow. On the i6th, the army encamped outside the castle, and early on the following morning, commenced the march upon Port Arthur. The army was then divided into three columns : (1) The Search Cavalry, under Major Akiyama, consisting of the First Battalion (less three sub- companies ), and the Sixth Battalion (less two sub-companies), of Cavalry. (2) The Left Column, under Lieut.-Colonel Masumitsu, consisting of the Fourteenth Regiment, Infantry (less a battalion stationed at Liushootun to guard the Commissariat Station at Talienwan), a sub-company of the Sixth Battalion, Cavalry ; a mountain artillery company of the Sixth Regiment, Artillery ; the Sixth Battalion, (less a sub-company) of Engineers, and half an Ambulance corps of the Sixth Division. (3) The Right Column, consisting of the First Division (less two battalions of Infantry stationed at Kinchow); and the Combined Brigade (less those included in the Left Column).. These various bodies moved forward in the following manner : [10] The Search Cavalry arrived at Sanshih-lipu on the lyth, at Shwangtaikow on the i8th, and near Kooheashan on the iQth, where it remained the following day. The First Division (Right Column) encamped on the 1 7th between Sanshih-lipu and Koheakuh ; on the i8th between Shwangtaikow and Toochingtse ; on the i gth between Kooheashan and Sooshankuh ; and on the 2oth, near Kooheashan. The Combined Brigade (Right Column) was on the i;th near Kinchow ; on the i8th, arrived between the camp of the First Division and Heaheatun ; on the igth, reached the northern base of Mt. Seuhoshih ; and on the 2Oth, came to the vicinity of Mt. Tatse. The Siege Artillery was on the i/th at Liushootun, and on the 2Oth to the east of Port Arthur. The Left Column was on the i;th at Shinsehtse. The actual position of the Left Column on the i8th and igth cannot be ascertained, but it is known to have advanced on the road leading to Funkow and Pwantao. On the iQth, the Siege Column was placed under the control of the army and encamped near Changling, and was stationed on the following day to the north of Liheatun. The Army Staff marched with the Right Column and was generally quartered between the First Division and the Combined Brigade. But to return to the march from Kinchow. The whole army advanced together over the Nankwo Pass and arrived at Shih-tsing, where the road divided into one running south and the other continuing westward. The Left Column took the former road, while the Right Column followed the latter, which was the main road ; and reached Sanshih-lipu at 2 p.m. on the lyth. Next morning at 6, the column left that town amid drizzling rain, and passing Tunho to the right, reached Tseenko-chenpu, where the Second Regiment under Major-General Nishi, which had been sent as advance-guard, was awaiting its arrival. Here he was placed in command of the Third Regiment, Infantry, a company each of Cavalry and Artillery, and a Battalion of Engineers, which went forward as advance-guard. At noon on the i8th, the column arrived at Tseen- toochingtse, where a hasty meal was taken, and reached [II] Yingchingtse, at 2.30, when a report came that the advance-guard had had a severe fight with the enemy on the summit of Mt. Shwangtai. Major Akiyama, who was in command of the First Cavalry Battalion to reconnoitre the enemy's position, had advanced at 10 a.m. on this day at the head of a single company to the east of Toochingtse, when he came across about 3,000 of the enemy's cavalry and infantry from Shwytsehying. The Japanese at once charged upon the Chinese, who, however, being reinforced, completely surrounded them. The Japanese, after a severe fighting, succeeded in cutting their way through to Shwangtai-kow. The First Battalion of the Third Regiment, under Major Marui, sent a company to their aid ; but these were hard-pressed by the enemy, and were compelled to retreat with the cavalry. There was no time to attend to the wounded ; and these bravely fought to the last and when they were unable to fight any more, put an end to themselves to escape being tortured to death by their enemies. Captain Asakawa, of the Cavalry, was wounded on the right arm in the midst of the battle, and his horse was shot at the same time. He fell with his charger ; but a private, lio, seeing him fall, rode up to him, and though he was himself severely wounded, got off his horse and helped the captain on it instead. He took hold of the horse's bridle and drew the horse and his rider out of the fight ; but when he came to a place of safety, the man fell down dead from loss of blood. The battalion came at 12.20 to the aid of the hard-pressed companies, but the enemy had ranged four field guns on an elevation 2,000 metres from the place and commenced firing. The battalion was also compelled to retreat. The Artillery of the advance guard next came to the scene of the battle, but when the guns were unlimbered for the fight, it was already 2.20, and the enemy had retired over two miles from the late battle-field. The companies were then called back. The Chinese infantry alone exceeded 3,000 in the battle. Japanese losses were Lieut. Nakaman and 1 1 sub-officers and men killed and Captain Asakawa and 32 sub-officers and men wounded. Chinese losses were not ascertained. Lieut. Nakaman, of the Third Regiment, Infantry, was surrounded by the enemy, and though he had almost succeeded in cutting his way through, he was fatally shot and fell from his horse ; his servant cut off his head and brought [12] it back to the army. It was buried with honours. The Japanese dead were frightfully mutilated by their enemy. On the 1 9th, the Army Staff reached Toochingtse, while the Division arrived at Mehotun and the Combined Brigade, after passing through Shwang-taikow, entered Chanheatun. The Search Cavalry had by the skirmish at Toochingtse cleared the road for the main army. The latter advanced very cautiously in expectation of more skirmishes, but reached Mehotun at 4 p.m. without further engagement. Mehotun lies about 7!- miles to the north-east of Port Arthur. From evening till midnight, the forts at the port fired at irregular intervals. Thus, on the 2oth, the army had reached the environs of Port Arthur, but the siege guns had not yet arrived. As, moreover, the 2ist had been fixed upon for the general attack, Marshal Oyama summoned the officers of the army to a rendez-vous on the north-west of Liheatun, and discussed the plan of the following day's operations. When the council of war was over, the officers returned to their respective camps ; and presently Chinese flags of various colours were seen to move in the valleys between them and the enemy's forts. Scouts came and reported that the enemy had made a sally. It was about 2 p.m. Lieut.- General Yamaji gave orders for instant preparation ; and the army was soon ready and quietly waited for the enemy's approach. The Chinese, who appeared unaware of these secret preparations, approached a hill to the south of Shihtsuytse, occupied by the Second Regiment under Colonel Iseji, and surrounded it on three sides. When they were within range, the Japanese fired their mountain and field guns from two hills close to Colonel Iseji's, while the infantry also opened fire. The Chinese were taken by surprise and lied in confusion. They had come confident of an easy victory on account of their success at Shwangtai on the i8th. They numbered over 3,000, and their losses exceeded 100, while only two Japanese privates were wounded. The siege guns of the First Regiment of the Fortifications Artillery had, in the meantime, only arrived at Liushootun, in Talienwan, on the i5th. They were landed on the 1 6th and 17111. ['3] They were hurried on the road, and at length reached Toochingtse on the night of the 2Oth. Arrangements were then completed ; and at 2 a.m. on the 2ist, the army prepared for battle by torch-light and advanced to their respective positions. The orders for the day were as follow : The First Division was to capture the Etse Hill Forts, the highest and strongest of the land defences, and then turn to the Sungshoo Hill Forts. The Combined Brigade was to attack the Urlung Hill Forts. The Independent Cavalry was to cover the right flank of the First Division. The Left Column was to keep watch on the north-east side of Port Arthur. The Siege Artillery was to take up its position to the north of Shwytseying. On the previous evening, Lieut.-General Yamaji had given the following instructions to the army at Mehotse : (1) The whole army is to attack the enemy's forts on the 2ist; the Combined Brigade to take up a position on the main road between Toochingtse and Port Arthur, and to attack the Urlung Forts, and to keep up fire during the attack on the Etse Forts ; the Left Column to take up a position to the north-east of Port Arthur and to expand its lines ; and the Siege Artillery to open fire before daybreak. (2) The duty of the Main Division will be to take possession of the Etse Forts. (3) Major-General Nishi is to open fire at daybreak upon the Etse Forts at the head of the Third Regiment, Infantry, (less a company), the Third Battalion of the Second Regiment, Infantry, half a company of Cavalry, a battalion of Mountain Artillery, a company of Field Artillery, and half an Ambulance corps. (4) The Artillery Regiment (less the Third Battalion) is to occupy a position by 5 a.m. to the west of Shihtsuytse for opening fire upon the Etse Forts. It is to be assisted in the task by the Second Regiment, Infantry [less a battalion), two sub-companies of the Second Company of Engineers, and half an Ambulance corps. (5) The remaining forces are to come by 2 a.m. to a position south-west of Shihtsuytse and be in reserve under the Lieut-General himself who will direct the movements of the Second Regiment. (6) The baggage of the army will be collected by 6 a.m. at or near Mehotse. (7) The Field Hospital and ammunition will by 5 a.m. be stationed at Shihtsuytse, and the Provisions corps somewhere between Mehotse and Toochingtse. (8) The Lieut.- General will move with the reserve. The army made preparations by the light of the half- moon and proceeded silently to execute the Commander's orders. The whole Field Artillery were ranged on a high hill to the north-west of Shwytseying and impatiently waited for the daybreak. As their position was isolated, Lieut-Colonel Iseji, Commander of the Second Regiment, Infantry, supported them with two battalions. The utmost difficulty had been experienced in bringing up the artillery to this position on account of the steep and stony tracts they had to pass through, there being no regular road. A company of Engineers drafted for their assistance rendered them great service by facilitating their transport Major-General Nishi took a circuituous road to the west with his column and came out upon the left flank of the Etse Forts. Lieut.- General Yamaji followed close with the reserve. At dawn, the Field and Siege Artillery Columns opened fire ; and the van of the Third Regiment of Infantry, under Major-General Nishi, came out immediately under the most westerly of the Etse Forts. The Mountain Artillery also opened from its position on the west of the Forts. There were altogether over 40 cannon attacking the three batteries of Etse. The enemy replied with perseverance. The Forts of Sungshoo and Hwangkin also assisted the Etse Forts. The Japanese fire told with far greater effect than the Chinese; and the Etse Forts were in great danger. Major Marui, Commander of the First Battalion of the Third Regiment, who had had on the iSth to retire at Toochingtse resolved to wipe out that reverse and assailed the Forts with his men, who, by their sudden charge, took complete possession of it. About the same time as this victory was gained by the Japanese, the adjacent Forts of Ngantse Hill and Wangtai also fell. Thus the most important of the land defences were seized by the Japanese troops at about 8 a.m. During the attack on Talienwan, the First Regiment, Infantry, had captured the Hoshang Forts, the Fifteenth Regiment the Seuhea Forts, and the Second Regiment, the Laolung and Hwang- shan Forts, while the Third Regiment, the only remaining regiment of the First Division, had been ordered to guard the Port Arthur road during that attack and had done nothing worthy of distinction. It was, therefore, to give this regiment a chance to distinguish itself that it was ordered to attack the most redoubtable of the Port Arthur land defences, and this task it accomplished with great gallantry. The Etse group being the most north westerly and most elevated of the land defences and being a little behind the line of the other forts on Sungshoo, Urlung, and Keekwan Hills, it commands the latter from the exposure of their rear to its guns. The Chinese themselves, therefore, considered it the most important of the land defences, and its capture by the Japanese rendered the eventual surrender of the rest a foregone conclusion. When the Etse Forts were about to fall, Major-General Hasegawa was ready for action. Lieut-General Yamaji had left the Mountain Artillery, and was in a valley between that position and the Etse Forts, when he heard sounds of severe fighting near Fong-heatun, a little village to the south-west of the Etse Forts. His adjutant, on being sent to the scene of battle, brought back the report that Major-General Nogi, who had been ordered to advance with the First Regiment, Infantry, from the north of the Etse Forts to the E Troops Parade-ground, had fallen in wkh the Chinese fugitives from the west, over 1,000 strong, whose flight was being covered by the guns of the Mantow Hill Forts. In thirty minutes, however, they were routed and pursued ; and the Japanese Squadron off the port moving to the west coast, also opened fire and cut off the northward retreat of these fugitives, who were therefore compelled to take refuge in Laotee Hill on the extreme edge of the Port Arthur peninsula. When the Etse Forts had been captured and the fight near Fong-heatun had ceased, the Field Artillery next turned to the assault of the Sungshoo Forts. The Fourteenth Regiment of Infantry and small bodies of the Artillery, Cavalry, and Engineers having been made into the Left [16] Column, Major-Gen eral Hasegawa, Commander of the Combined Brigade, had under him only the Twenty- fourth Regiment, Infantry, a company of Mountain Artillery, and a sub- company of Engineers. Though his forces were, therefore, small, the Twenty-fourth Regiment had been formed soon after the suppression of the Satsuma Rebellion of 1877, and had been thoroughly trained by Major-General Hasegawa, together with the rest of the Twelfth Brigade. They were all natives of Kyushu. The orders had been given to this Regiment to commence the attack on the Urlung Forts simultaneously with the assault by the First Division on the Sungshoo Forts after the capture of the Etse Forts. On the evening of the 2Oth, the Third Battalion of the Twenty-fourth Regiment encamped on the furthest extremity of a mountain range running to the south of Toochingtse, with a company of Mountain Artillery close behind, while the Second Battalion was at Changtsun, to the east of that battalion, and the First on a hill to the rear. They all advanced under cover of night. The Artillery took possession of a hill slightly to the south of its position of the previous evening, with the First Battalion close at hand to intercept the Chinese that might attempt to escape by the main^road after the fall of the Etse Forts. After those Forts had been captured, the Regiment was ordered to advance, and the First Battalion and Artillery were at 9 o'clock close to the Third Battalion which was in the van] of the Regiment. The Second Battalion found itself in a position which exposed it to flank attacks from two Forts on the left, and as it could not charge upon the Urlung Forts under such circumstances, it was ordered to assault the forts to the east of Urlung. As by this the troops for attacking Urlung were greatly reduced, three companies of the First Battalion were joined to the Third. The Artillery could not get into an advantageous position. The assault commenced at 9.45, the Thirl and Second Battalions advancing almost abreast, followed by the rest of the Regiment. At first the Regiment was concealed behind a hill ; but at length it came upon an open field which exposed it to the fire of the forts, especially as the Siege Artillery having for a while suspended its work there was nothing to distract their attention. Still the Regiment advanced fearlessly until it was too near for the guns when the enemy's small-arms commenced to play upon them. The Regiment rested for a moment at a point which was at too close quarters for the guns and at too long a range for the rifles. It advanced then to a little cluster of houses at the bottom of the valley between Port Arthur and the mountain range immediately to the north. The whole Regiment was now in a single column. The distance from these houses to the Urlung Forts was 600 metres. As the attack on the Sungshoo Forts by the First Division had not commenced, the First and Third Battalions would be exposed to fire on three sides, and it was decided to send a sub-company to divert the fire of the Sungshoo Forts ; but before the plan could be carried out, the First Division had turned its Field Artillery and the Siege Artillery upon these forts. The Twenty-fourth Regiment recovered courage and the battalions advanced upon their respective objectives. The Second Battalion became the object of the enemy's fire ; and though the other two battalions were ready to storm Urlung, a company was first detached to reinforce the hard-beset battalion. The eastern forts were captured at 11.30. As the two battalions charged up Urlung Hill, a sub-terraneous mine was fired, but the explosion took place before they could reach the spot, and was consequently harmless. The enemy also fired the magazine before their flight. The Japanese battalions were in possession of Urlung Hill at 12.30, the fall of Sungshoo having demoralised the enemy. In this battle the Twenty-fourth Regiment lost seven killed and 81 wounded, none of whom were officers, while 1 60 of the enemy opposed to the Regiment were killed. This Regiment had the hardest fight of all in the capture of Port Arthur, and it won highest praise from all for its gallantry in successfully carrying out a simultaneous attack on seven batteries. The Sungshoo Forts were taken without any resistance, as the enemy would not wait for the infantry charge. The southward flight of the garrison of these forts closed the first part of the attack on Port Arthur, as that incident put the Japanese army in complete possession of the land defences. In the afternoon, the assault on the coast defences was commenced. The most important of these were the Hwangkin Forts, whose great guns could be turned in every direction and reach not only the other forts, but the Japanese artillery as well. It [18] was absolutely necessary to capture these forts before all others. The Second Regiment of Infantry, which had hitherto acted as reserve was ordered to attack these forts. The Regiment passed through the town of Port Arthur, routing the enemy in that part, and advanced in spite of the deadly volleys from the forts. It charged up the hill into the forts, and took possession of them without much difficulty. The forts on the east of Hwangkin and those on the north-west coast fell into the hands of the Japanese army without the least fighting. Thus in a single day the great fortress of Port Arthur was captured by the Japanese Second Army Corps. Before closing, however, the account of the capture of Port Arthur, the movements of the Japanese Navy during the battle deserve notice. On the Japanese cruiser Yoshino bringing news that the Chinese men-of-war Chen-yuen, Ting-yuen, Ching-yuen, Tsi-yuen, and Ping-yuen, which had taken part in the famous naval battle of Haiyang, together with the Kwang-tsi and Hwang-ping and four gun-boats were anchored at Wei-hai-wei, the Japanese fleet decided to engage in another action with them, and accordingly on the morning of the i6th November, twelve vessels of the Main and the First and Second Flying Squadrons and six torpedo-boats left Talienwan ; but on the Japanese reaching Wei hai-wei, the Chinese refused to come out of harbour, and though the Japanese waited all that day and the next, still the Chinese remained within and did not fire a single shell. On the i9th, as the enemy did not show the least inclination to fight, the Japanese Squadrons returned to Talienwan. As the 2ist had been fixed for the attack on Port Arthur, the Japanese Squadrons left Talienwan at i a.m. There were eighteen vessels in all. The Yayeyama had been sent beforehand to reconnoitre Wei-hai-wei, while six vessels of the Third Flying Squadron remained behind at Talienwan to assist the defence corps at Kinchow. On approaching Port Arthur, at 6 a.m., the vessels of the Fourth Flying Squadron, namely, the Akagi> Chokai, Os/iima, and Maya, fired upon the most easterly forts, which exchanged a few shells; but soon after, the forts turned their guns round and begun firing landward. This was probably to reply to the fire of the Siege Artillery which had opened the attack. The Squadrons then advanced across the mouth of the Port, when the [19] Yayeyama returned and reported that the enemy still remained at Wei-hai-wei and displayed no sign of coming to the rescue of the great fortress. The Chiyoda, of the Main Squadron, was close to the entrance to Pigeon Bay, when Chinese troops were seen on the western shore of the bay ; and she was ordered to attack them. Two shells from her 24 c.m. guns soon dispersed them. At 3.30, the Yayeyama reported that all the eastern forts had fallen and that the western would be captured during the day. The latter continued to resist and on seeing the Japanese warships approach them, they began to fire upon them. Presently two torpedo-launches were seen to come out of the harbour ; but the Kongo and Takao, with seven torpedo-boats, were sent against them. One of these launches was soon sunk, while the other ran aground and was destroyed. The four vessels of the Fourth Flying Squadron, the Yayeyama. and a torpedo-flotilla were left to guard the harbour, while the rest cruised about the sea-approaches to the port and returned next day to Talienwan. While, however, the Japanese arms were being crowned with a signal victory at Port Arthur, an unexpected danger had threatened Kinchow. At that stronghold the First and Second Battalions of the First Brigade and a platoon of Cavalry had been left to defend it. Colonel Kono was placed in command of this body. A company each was set at Kinchow and at Shihsanli-taitse, on the road to Foochow, there being sub-companies at other important positions. On the 1 8th, a sub-company each of Infantry and Cavalry sent to scout toward Poolanteen came across a large body of the enemy at Chin-heapu. A second party of five scouts sent on the following day met with about a regiment of the enemy at. Lungkow, and had a slight skirmish in which three of the scouts fell and are supposed to have died ; but the remaining two, after scrambling over mountains and coming out upon Liu-heatun arrived at length at Kinchow on the night of the following day. As the enemy were thus known to be advancing along the Foochow Road, earthworks were thrown up, and other preparations for defence were made. The First Battalion (less two companies) was ordered to encamp outside the West gate of Kinchow, a company of which was to occupy a [20] hill lying to the north-west of the castle, and a sub- company was to guard the west coast. A company of the Second Battalion was ordered to encamp outside the North gate, with outposts at Shih-muntse and Sanlichwang, to guard the Petsewo and Foochow roads. The company stationed at Shihsanli-taitse returned to Kinchow as a portion of the enemy's forces had advanced to a hill on the west side of Shihsanli-taitse with the object of cutting off that company from the main body. On the morning of the 2ist, the Japanese were ready for action ; and at 11.20, the Chinese were seen on a hill to the south of Shihsanli-taitse, on their way to Kinchow. As they approached, -they extended, and showed a disposition to make for Sanlichwang. The Japanese outposts there fired upon them, when, after exchanging a few shots, they divided into two columns, one of which went to the west of the Foochow road and the other to the east towards a hill. Though the Japanese troops were prepared for the attack, they were far outnumbered ; and Colonel Kono, resolved to use his resources to the utmost, armed all the telegraph and army coolies with the rifles captured on the fall of Kinchow on the 6th, and drafted them into his companies. The four companies of the First Battalion were distributed on a hill on the north of Kinchow and with the coast to the left. These formed the left wing. Three companies of the Second were ranged from a hill on the north east of Kinchow to the Foochow road ; and the remaining company, the Sixth, was left to defend Kinchow. These two battalions had to defend the neck of the Kinchow peninsula, which exceeds 4,000 metres at the narrowest. The line of defence was weak, but as there was no hope of reinforcement, the Japanese resolved to defend the town to the last. Some of the Krupp guns abandoned by the enemy on the 6th were requisitioned ; and as there were no artillerymen, infantry men were instructed in gunnery by marines from the men-of-war at Talienwan. These guns were put in position. A little past noon, as the enemy approached Kinchow, these guns were fired upon them and they stopped short ; and then troops on the main road divided into right and left wings, and advanced towards two hills, one on the north and the other on the north-east of Kinchow. Thus, the troops which were marching upon the Japanese [21] left wing consisted, besides the column from Shihsanli-taitse, of two columns which advanced from the shore and a hill on the east. They came in irregular masses. Their strength was not less than 4,000 ; while those who came to attack the Japanese right exceeded 3,000, besids 300 horsemen. Before the latter had advanced, Sub-Lieut. Hirano, at the head of a sub-company of the Seventh Company, which had acted as outposts at Shih-muntse, reinforced by the Fifth Company, fought the enemy. The sub-lieutenant was killed. The enemy occupied a hill to the right of the right wing. A sub-company of the Eighth Company came to the aid of their comrades. The guns in the castle were directed at 1.20 upon the enemy with great effect. Their progress was arrested ; but as there appeared a probability of a detachment being sent to Seuheashan, the Sixth Company which defended the castle, leaving behind a small body to attend to the guns, sallied out and advanced upon the enemy's position. As at 2.30 there came a rumour of the fall of Port Arthur, the Japanese, regaining courage, made a fierce onslaught and succeeded in dislodging the enemy. Their vantage- ground being once lost, the Chinese appeared unable to defend themselves and began to retreat, pursued by a sub- company of the Eighth Company, at 3.15. The column which was advancing against the Japanese left wing, in the meantime came on leisurely. The Japanese waited concealed from view until their enemy was within 400 metres, when volley after volley was fired upon them. After a sharp firing, the enemy began to retreat and were hotly pursued. Thus at 3.30 these Chinese left the scene of battle ; and at 4, the firing had entirely ceased. The Japanese lost an officer and eight sub- officers and men killed and 48 sub-officers and men wounded. The Chinese loss is unknown ; but on the 24th, 503 bodies were found. As it was possible that the Chinese might return next day, the Japanese defence battalions kept watch all night and took up their positions for repelling the enemy again on the following morning. At 9 a.m., a telegram was received at Kinchow from the company at Shanshih-lipu to the effect that 400 horsemen were coming along the Port Arthur road and 300 more were to be seen at Chowshwy, and they appeared to be fleeing eastward from a point north of Sanshih- [22] lipu. Immediately vedettes were despatched to Seuheashan, and the battalions made ready to receive the fugitives. At 1 1 a.m., five or six hundred fugitive horsemen from Port Arthur were seen galloping along the west coast of Kinchow towards Foochow. A corps was sent to attack them ; and their road being intercepted, the enemy then turned back and gathering in strength, assailed the city at the South gate. The two Japanese sub-companies at the gate were forced to retire ; but while they began firing from within, eighty coolies took up cudgels and opening the gate rushed upon the enemy, who were taken by surprise and began to make for Foochow. As they passed by the West gate, they were effectively fired upon by the defenders of the city. Two or three hundred Chinese were killed without any loss to the Japanese. The main body being on the watch for the enemy from Foochow, troops could not be spared for routing the Port Arthur fugitives ; but as there were no signs of the former's reappearance, the Japanese battalions were able in the afternoon to turn their attention to the fugitives, who began to gain in strength. They fought till sunset without any decisive result ; but at night the fugitives resumed their flight to Foochow and left the Japanese unmolested. They numbered altogether about 3,000 Infantry and 500 Cavalry. One portion took the road to Poolanteen, while the rest made for Mt. Taheh. The Japanese lost five sub-officers and men killed and eleven more wounded. On the news of the attack on Kinchow reaching Port Arthur, Major-General Nogi was ordered to march to the rescue. Major Awaya was immediately sent with a battalion. He arrived at Kinchow on the 23rd with 228 prisoners he had caught on the way. Major-General Nogi left Port Arthur at 1 1 a.m. on the 22nd and reached Kinchow on the morning of the 24th. At the Nankwo Pass, he had met with 400 fugitives. He left behind two companies to attack them from either side, while he himself marched with the remainder to Kinchow. These Chinese were defeated with great slaughter, and 38 of them were taken prisoners. The Major- General took command of the defences of Kinchow. When the news of the attack on Kinchow reached Talienwan, a corps of marines from the Katsuragi was at once landed on the 2 ist under the command of Commander Otsuka of that warship. The corps encamped on land, though there was a bitterly cold wind with the thermometer 8 degrees below freezing point. Early on the 22nd, the corps of marines and Talienwan defence corps sent out scouts ; the latter scouts returned in the afternoon with the report that the enemy already infested the neighbourhood of Sooheatun. The marines scouts, however, had advanced within two miles of Kinchow, when they saw four men, apparently scouts, at 800 metres distance. Think- ing they were the enemy's scouts, they fired upon them. The men made signals to them, but they could not understand them. It was only when they were within 400 metres of each other, that they were recognised as Japanese. The four men told them that they belonged to a small body of thirteen men, a detachment of the Fourteenth Regiment, who had been ordered to defend the barracks at Sooheatun ; but they were no match against the increasing number of the Port Arthur fugitives and were cut off from all retreat, as they were surrounded on every side. The marines then accompanied these men to Sooheatun which they reached at 1 1 a.m. There were at this place as at Kinchow several 8 c.m. guns which the enemy had abandoned. The marines, on examining them and finding them to be ordnance of the latest design, taught the troops how to handle them. They began to fire them ; and the Japanese at Kinchow, seeing that Sooheatun had been reinforced, advanced to its rescue, and soon succeeded in resuming the connection between the two places. Two men k were then sent to Talienwan, and Commander Otsuka, on receiving their report, left the port at 9 o'clock at night. As it was a dark and windy night, the Commander lost sight of his men, and had to trudge back to Talienwan with six men. Early next morning, he left with another marines corps from the Yamato ; and when he had nearly reached Sooheatun, he was surrounded by hundreds of the enemy. After a desperate fight, however, he and his men succeeded in cutting their way through to Sooheatun. The Commander was about to advance to the rescue of Kinchow when he received news that reinforcements were on their way from Port Arthur to Kinchow. He waited till Major-General Nogi reached Sooheatun on the 24th, when after mutual congratulations, he returned to Talienwan. The Japanese losses at the capture of Port Arthur were about 270. A lieutenant was killed, a major afterwards succumbed to his wounds, and six captains and two lieutenants were wounded. Only seventeen sub-officers and men were killed in battle. The Chinese garrison at Port Arthur was estimated at 14,000. According to the Japanese official report, about 1,000 Chinese were killed and 63 were taken prisoners at Port Arthur on the 21 stand 22nd. Of the latter, eight, being severely wounded, were taken to the Field Hospital. The Chinese losses at Kinchow on the 2 ist numbered 503 killed, of whom 7 were officers and 32 sub-officers. Over 280 more Chinese dead were found and buried near Kinchow. Three hundred prisoners were taken from the 22nd to the 24th, of whom 41 were wounded and sent to the Field Hospital. The total number of prisoners and killed was 2,146. About 2,000 were killed or wounded south of Port Arthur ; and a large number were also killed on the coast near Kinchow. The total Chinese loss is therefore estimated at 4,500. On the ist December, Marshal Oyama left Port Arthur for Kinchow. He reported that there were 57 large-calibre guns on the coast forts while there were 163 small-calibre guns on the landward forts. The territory occupied by the Second Army was divided into two districts by a line passing through Chowshwy and Sanshih-lipu, their headquarters being Kinchow and Port Arthur respectively. Port Arthur was made over to the Combined Squadrons, only a small body of the army being placed there for its defence. Kinchow then became the base of operations for the northward advance of the Second Army. 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(. - Jv B If S i? o f C '^ Jill 1 .$ 3 JB fij S K (n O <3 H 13 S: I :::::: v> vJ rt rt S I 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 II fH ^/J ^| ^J ^L^ pyj UOISIAIQ JBIDUIAOJJ ipxig nm [30] OO ON oo . *3 OO N ON ON NH T}* NO "^ ^O ON co O ^^ NO O NO w O ^* ro C) vr\ co C-l t* O CO H CO 00 M NO N n 1-1 CO NO a J CO w OO OO NO inrh^O coO\NO w vo OO O t^. t^* OO t^s O In 1 c CO w NO N ON N "- 1 ON <-> r-x vn CO CO f) 1-1 10 M w T^- * * >n e 8 e T oo O ** CO OONO ^-OO vr w vnoo CO ro >-" 'j-ONCOM ON O r> NO M M M CO 00 o qX in 3 CO a II! O O N ON CO 1 II co co r^ Tj- 1 OO <3 CO ^ ; ON rf- CO CO ON ON O OO ON c*l w ^^ vo a in NO in w M " M o a Z C u a u ^ -* | | | * OO rx M fx tx -< 1 VO NO CO | 00 M |s 1 CO | w w w | w N NO N u B 1 1 1 2^ 8 1 1 1 1 II O E U i "c3 1 1 1 1 o | .... || c 3 n e EC 1 1 1 1 I * 1 1 II NO C^) : : : : "5 :::::::. a . o H ^ ^ 1 J "i s & ... in . J9 o j! (u oj 1) c , *c 1 . in rt U : 4) 1 ffi f 1 1 1 1 i ^ -3 1 1 1 I 1 5 1 1 sdOQJJ^ [BlUOfO^ S9DJOJ [UJOJ. CO Ul > Di HI W g EH UJ g CM 1 Others r^ co Os PI 10 co ^j- M co Os Os r^ "O_ - u OH vo r^ O> ON VO ri_ r-;. q\ . ""i vo o\ co co ri (/) c/) < Commiss- ariat. so O so co vj-i r^ co "> r N co <* r^. U "rt H r^ M "+ O O> q\ qs oo^ ON CN i^ J H 1 '& 1 rf Th >-O OS OS T(- ^- CO Tj- CO 10 CO vo VO N 2 Others" O MD VO PI f^ Cl co m co co" o" rC ORDING >. ' < i-i r^ Os rh t^. vi co co t^ oo co PI CO Os V> ARMY. Commiss. ariat. -4- ri ITS so o r^ u u < Cavalry. O Cs co TT- -t SO PI 1-1 1-1 -1 PI * 'ORIAL Engineers. so so o PI co oo Infantry. co O rt- O so r^ Os v-> -)- j\ p) o CO O_ so SO Os t^ vo os *F TERR1'. > LI JU fj hi < UV O. IH O O <^ CO . SO .. u-i TJ _; c >. o CH SO CO SO PI SO P) rx T N OQ - co P) CO Os Os PI O o CO r^. SO~ Cavalry. r^ co r^ M tr> co v/% !" & "3 o H PI co I\ -^ co O CO PI 10 CO 1-1 CO -4- CO CO PI CO CO Os co cf w H) M HH Infantry. U~l VJ1 PI w CO PI P) CO t->. cfs co" rC < ni < rf> u (/)! r^ co rf to co O Os CO Os PI 10 co CO P) PI PI PI CO pi CO r--. P fe a _o Os "~> O rr Os t^ co CO O vo so rF s Cs " M 1-1 ri "rt th i-o cs co co PI Os PI SO Os O LO ^5- s u H r^ o LO \o os ^o vo > eA S Cs in PI **.. Q u-i CO "4- ^3 S O 10 O O cc N. irt \Q >-i co t-^ -f vo X M U c/i o SO Os rt- so r^. vo O * hi os co ^o M |^ M > e< u c 2 S ifi Os co Os -t- t^. CO co so co >c oo so so 1 ^J- C < CO CO CO P4 O . co Pi OS 2 'i & (j EC CO LO 1^. CO Tf PI P) 1-1 PI PI 1-1 * O ' ? rt - u PI lf\ P) Tf N, General Officers. PI PI CO 1-1 *tf- i-l co f) >, u a c vo so ^t N M tv so 1-1 * ON pr cR rt :::::: 1 ' O : : : C O !5 : : 2 PH 5 ~ - S > > > ~ X X [3*1 O r>- oo 00 O O & CO 1 O O w CO CO CO oo M CO ON vo O oo ON ON OO O fi I*** CO fl 5 Ov vo VO m oo ON U1 CO O ^ TJ- "> fl VO oo VO CO if\ ON OO VO ON CO O VO OO tv. O O oo oo VO 1 PI vo m VO OO vo >* oo O fl oV CO 1-1 CO 3 -" ir\ O <$ OO OO ift CO ON ro CO OO -* *3~ oo fl O M n M ^^ t ~ t vc CO CO OO *+ t>% CO ON CO n vo r^ TJ- "^ ON 00 vo vo N VC -t- r^ O CO w fl vo r^ co 1 ON CO O Tj- co " CO vO Q oo ON 00 vo vo 2" vo VO ON oo *- w CO fl fl 'S OO co ri O _ fi vo 1 * co fi fi 3 ON ON 00 oo oo f- 1 fi ri fl 00 VO N fl O ON * r^ fl ON ON CO CO fl oo oo * I^ ^ f 1 n un VO ro 1-1 "i - tj- fl 1-1 fl ON ON CO CO VO in O " OO fi t>> n ON rt fi ** OO fi ON ON O" 5 vn vS i : : 3 "E 3 o S ,o : : : H SB H CQ / .. O c rt ts p 4-1 C J g. rt p; c ^ ri C : ^ U "/! C OJ E e C _ri V hi iS O U "D 'V OJ 'S *c f 1/1 ^ , ^ c C c o U *rt 11 1 [33] (3) INFANTRY HEADQUARTERS. Provincial Division. Headquarters. Brigade. Headquarters. Regiment. Quarters. I Tokyo. I Tokyo. I XV Tokyo. Takasnki. II Sakura. I II III Sakura. Tokyo. II Senclai. III Senclai. \ IV XVI Sendai. Shibata. IV Aomori. -1 V XVII Aomori. Sendai. Ill Nagoya. V Nagoya. -1 VI XVIII Nagoya. Toyohashi. VI Kanazawa. VII XIX Kanazawa. Nagoya. IV Osaka. VII Osaka. VIII IX Osaka. Otsu. VIII Himeji. -1 X XX Himeji. Osaka. V Hiroshima. IX Hiroshima. -I XI XXI Hiroshima. Hiroshima. X Matsuyama. j XXII XII Matsuyama. Marugame. VI Kumamolo. XI Kumamoto. XIII XXIII Kumamoto. Kumamoto. XII Kokura. j XIV XXIV Kokura. Fukuoka. (4) JAPANESE ARMY ORGANISATION. In July, 1894, an Imperial Ordinance was promulgated for increasing the strength of the several sections of the Japanese army on peace footing. The strength on the new basis is as follows : [34] INFANTRY REGIMENT. DIVISION. BODYGUARD. Regimental Quarters. I!;ittalion Quarters. Company. Total. Regimental Quarters Battalion. Quarters. Company. Total. Officers A 2 c 70 4 2 5 4 8 Sub-officers ... 4 6 II 154 4 6 13 1 2O Rank and File. 120 1,440 1 80 1,440 Total. 8 8 I 3 6 1,664 *8 8 198 1, 608 A Divisional Regiment consists of three battalions or twelve companies. A Bodyguard Regiment consists of two battalions or eight companies. CAVALRY BATTALION. DIVISION AND BODYGUARD. Battalion Quarters. Company. Total. Officers 3 5 18 Sub-officers 5 52 41 Rank and File 142 426 Total. 8 '59 485 - A Battalion consists of three companies. FIELD ARTILLERY REGIMENT, Officers DIVISION. EOHYGUARD. Regimental Quartet*. Battalion Quarters. Company. Total. Regimental Quarters. Hattalion Quarters. Company. Total. 4 2 5 40 4 2 5 28 Sub-officers ... 5 2 ii 77 5 T ii 53 Rank and File. Total. 96 576 ~~ 96 384 9 4 1 1 2 f93 9 4 112 465 [35] A Divisonal Regiment consists of two battalions or four companies of Field Artillery and a battalion or two companies of Mountain Artillery. A Bodyguard Regiment consists of two battalions or four companies. FORTIFICATIONS ARTILLERY REGIMENT, .... Regimental Quarters. Battalion Quarters. Company. Total. Officers 4 2 5 70 Sub-officers 5 4 12 161 Rank and File ... 1 17 1,404 Total. 9 6 134 1,635 A Regiment consists of three battalions or twelve companies. ENGINEERS BATTALION. DIVISION. BODYGUARD. Battalion Quarters. Company. Total. Battalion Quarters. Company. Total. Officers 3 5 18 3 5 13 Sub-officers ... 5 ii 38 5 ii 2 7 Rank and File. HO 330 HO 220 Total. 8 126 3 86 8 126 200 A Divisional Battalion consists of three companies. A Bodyguard Battalion consists of two companies. COMMISSARIAT BATTALION. DIVISION. BODYGUARD. Battalion Quarters. Company. Total. Battalion Quarters. Company. Total. Officers 3 5 13 3 5 13 Sub-officers ... 6 15 36 6 15 36 Rank and File. 270 540 200 4OO Total. 9 290 589 9 220 449 [36] TSUSHIMA DEFENCE CORPS. Headquarters. Infantry. Artillery. Total. Officers 2 5 6 13 Sub-officers 3 12 H 2 9 Rank and File... 95 78 173 Total. 5 112 98 215 INFANTRY BATTALION. Battalion Quarters. Company. Officers 2 4 Sub-officers 7 15 Rank and File ... 200 Total. 9 219 A Battalion may consist of from two to eight companies. ARTILLERY CORPS. CAVALRY CORPS. ENGINEERS CORPS. Active. Reserve. Active. Reserve. Active. Reserve. Officers 4 5 4 Sub-officers ... 1 1 5 12 6 12 6 Rank and File. 90 "5 120 '54 9 114 Total 105 120 137 160 160 120 DIVISIONAL HEADQUARTERS. 1 7 Officers. COLONIAL TROOPS HEADQUARTERS, 13 Officers. [37] THE FORTS AT PORT ARTHUR. The following list of the guns at the forts at Port Arthur appears in the Japanese papers : Group. Fort. Laohoo. (Old Tiger's Tail.) No. Guns. field ; i Q.c.m. Urlung Hill. (Two Dragons.) Sungshoo Hill. (Pine-tree.) Hvvangkin Hill. (Gold.) Else Hill. (Chair.) No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. Mantow Hill, Chingtow Hill, Laote Hill. No. I. No. 2. No. 3. No. 4. No. 5. No. 6. No. 7. 2 2i-c.m. Knipp ; 2 g-c.m. Chinese Chinese field outside the fort. 3 9-c.m. Chinese field on the walls of the barracks. 2 15-0.111. Krupp. ; I 9-c.m. ; 2 12-c.m. ; 2 12-c.m. Krupp ; 6 9-c.m. Krupp. and 2 search lights. Total 2 12-c.m. Armstrong. 4 i6-c.m. Krupp 4 15-c.m. Krupp 3 24-c.m. Krupp 2 12-c.m. Krupp 9 9-c.m. 3 Quick-firers. 2 Quick-firers ; I 9-c.m. field. 2 Quick-firers, 2 12-c.m. Krupp. 2 Quick-firers ; 3 9-c.m. field. 4 9-c.m. Krupp ; I Quick-firer ; 1 g-c.m. Krupp ; 2 Quick-firers. 2 12-c.m. Armstrong; i 15-c.m. and i 9-c.m. Krupp; I Quick-firer. 2 2o-c.m. siege ; 2 9-c.m. field ; i Quick-firer ; i 12-c.m. Krupp ; I mountain ; I 7-0111. mountain, 2 mountain Krupp. 3 24-c.m. coast ; 4 field ; 2 9-c.m. Krupp on the rear. 2 g-c.m. Krupp: 2 2l-c.m. Krupp; 2 iS-c.m. ; and 4 9-c.m. siege. , 100 guns. Not given. Printed at THE TOKYO TSUKIJI TYPE FOUNDRY, Tokyo Japan. Sans hem, I. S. Sanshan I . rtiUft dp dFengjun V ^ "Rents ino V Taktto M " \ gSamhwa -j e> e * , Ninghaio WeiHatweto I. MEN-OF-WAR AND TRANS! "I AT' ANCHOR OFF HWAYUAN-KOW. PROVISIONS LANDED AT HWAYUAN-KOW. te. ?-' jT : 9&- I : : : v ii" *".r* .:..:: *..*;*: TEMPORARY PIER AT HWAYUAN-KOW AT FULL TIDE. 2. /' ^ THE ENCAMPMENT AT HWAYUAN-KOW. LANDING PROVISIONS AT HWAYUAN-KOW. 3- * tt THE BEACH AT PETSEWO AT LOW-TIDE. THE SAME AT HIGH-TIDE. 4- mj^ '" CHINESE DEAD ON A FIELD NEAR KINCUOW EXAMINATION OF PRISONERS AFTER THE OCCUPATION OF KINCHOW. 6. w II O > O W o a E P ^ LU D i ffl h H Q H I- O S2 C-i a: O w h 1 F U z a i H I A CHINESE PLAY AT PORT ARTHUR. 22. o HJI w m *'/* V^? /'* {[1

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