z _ <^ 'J^, o A CITY-PLANNING CLASSIFICATION PRELIMINARY OUTLINE (PRINTED AS MANUSCRIPT) BY JAMES STURGIS PRAY CHAIRMAN, SCHOOL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTUBE, HARVARD UNIVERSITY AND THEODORA KIMBALL LIBRARIAN, SCHOOL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, HARVARD UNIVER8ITT HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS May, 1913 PHce Ten Cents A CITY-PLANNING CLASSIFICATION PRELIMINARY OUTLINE (PRINTED AS MANUSCRIPT) BY JAMES STURGIS PRAY CHAIRMAN, SCHOOL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, HARVARD UNIVERSITY AND THEODORA KIMBALL LIBRARIAN, SCHOOL OF LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE, HARVARD UNIVERSITY HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS May, 1913 NOTE The term City Planning is used to signify " the intelhgent control and guidance of the physical con- formation, growth, and alteration of cities, towns, or considerable parts thereof, considered in their entirety. "^ So used, it includes the planning of towns, suburbs, villages, and any considerable urban, suburban, or even intimately related rural districts. Material other than that embraced under the above definition is included in this outline only when the subject-matter is treated or considered as having a definite relation to the city plan or its elements. The outline here given is preliminary to the City- planning Classification Scheme in course of publica- tion. Before issuing the full arrangement of^topics and sub-topics, — of which some have already been elaborated and others are now being developed in detail, — we present the main headings with some indication of the material included therein, in order to invite suggestion and criticism, and call forth further information or inquiries from any who may be interested. The value of the forthcommg Scheme is increased by the fact that it is developed in accordance with the principles of, and capable of insertion in, the Library of Congress Classification. The first series of headings of the outline (through the phrase " General special ") have been selected from those in general use by the Library of Congress. As the joint authorship of this City-planning Classification implies, the principle has been recognized that, to be generally useful, any classi- fication intended as this is to cover the arrangement both of ideas and of actual material must be a com- promise between a theoretical organization of the sub- ject and an arrangement guided merely by existing ^ Professor Frederick Law Olmsted, Chairman of the National Con- ference on City Planning. 3 262699 material. If wholly the former, the classification will not be usable in libraries; while if based only on library needs, its serviceableness to those actively interested in City Planning must be greatly diminished. The City-planning Classification Scheme, provided with numbers for use in classifying material — books, pamphlets, maps, pictorial matter, and also notes or pro- fessional data — and containing an alphabetic subject- index, may be ordered in advance, or obtained when issued (about June first), at fifty cents a copy, from the Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. J. S. P. T. K. PRELIMINARY OUTLINE Bibliography. Periodicals. Yearbooks. Societies. Congresses. Exhibitions. Museums. Collected Works. Encyclopaedias, Dictionaries, etc. Directories. Biography — collective and single. History. General Works. Comprehensive treatises. Partial works — treating two or more subdivisions of the general subject. Outlines, syllabi, charts, etc. Pocket-books, tables, etc. Atlases, general collections of plans. Addresses, lectures, essays — collective — single, when general. General Special. Name. Purpose — utility Field — scope — relation to other arts, sciences, and professions. City planning as an art, science, or profession. 5 City-planning Movement. General — purposes, activities, progress — etc. Organization — organizations. Education of public — public advertising. Obtainment of action by community. Special aspects — garden-city movement — etc. Legislation. General. Creative. General — general acts — etc. Creation or empowering of administrative agents — city planning commissions, other bodies. Creation of public properties, rights, etc. — acquisition of land, rights-of-way, etc. Regulative — zoning, building laws, traffic regu- lations, etc. Professional Practice. General. Collection and presentation of data — surveys, topographical and statistical, etc. Design, economic and esthetic — development of city plans. Presentation of city plans — reports, drawings, models, estimates, etc. Supervision of execution and maintenance. Consultation — cooperation of experts. Competitions. Execution and Maintenance of City Plans. General. Administration — agencies existing and specially created — official employment of experts, etc. Financing — taxation, assessments, estimate and apportionment, etc. Construction and maintenance — general opera- tions. For operations in connection with special subjects, e. g. Streets, see the special subjects. 6 Study and Teaching. General. Subject-matter — theory — practice in design, eco- nomic and esthetic — rnaterials — construction — special contributory subjects. Methods — study in universities, libraries, and offices — observation and travel — experience under competent practitioners. Special countries. Special schools — bulletins, catalogues, etc. Composition of City Plans. General. Special groups of fundamental considerations. Geographic — climatic — topographic — effect of climate, soil, topography, etc. Sociologic — location of cities in relation to other social groups — growth of cities — considerations of housing, public recrea- tion, etc. Hygienic — considerations of air, sunlight, water-supply, drainage, etc. Economic — use of land, land values — trans- portation — etc. Historic — truth to historic type — preserva- tion of individuality — preservation of his- toric features — etc. Esthetic — birdseye views — silhouette — vistas — color — city at night — etc. Organization and subdivision of city area by dominant function — districting — districts. General. Legislation — zoning — etc. General special — control of undeveloped land — development of new districts — effects of change of type of occupancy — relative size of districts — scale of treatment — etc. 7 Composition of City Plans (continued) Organization ... by function ... — districts (continued) Administrative districts — '' civic centers.'' Business districts — financial — manufactur- ing — shipping, transshipping, warehouse — market — wholesale — retail — etc. Residential districts — urban — suburban — — special types. Agricultural districts, agricultural belts, forest belts, etc. Recreation areas — reservations, parks, play- grounds — distribution. Border zone. Organization and subdivision of city area into streets and blocks — platting — types of plats. General. Geometric — gridiroii — gridiron and diagonal — radius and round-point, etc. Irregular — rectilinear — curvilinear — com- posite. Elements of City Plans. General. Channels of transportation — of persons, commodi- ties, power — ways, conduits, wires. General. Streets, roads. Footways. General Legislation General special — proportion of street area to block area — relation to buildings — form, orientation, length, grade, width, cross-section, surface, etc. Elements of City Plans (continued) Channels of transportation. Streets, roads. Footways (continued) Thoroughfares, including traffic squares — parkways, boulevards, etc. Local streets — alleys — private ways. Footways — sidewalks — steps — foot- bridges. Bridges and tunnels — for street tra^c. Street furniture. Street lighting — street-lighting fixtures. Street planting. Street decoration for festivals, etc. Street-railways. Rapid transit facilities. General. Legislation. Surface railways. Elevated railways — including street-rail- way bridges and viaducts. Subways — tunnels — tubes — under- ground railways. Railroads — waterways — water-fronts — terminal facilities. General — interrelation — transshipment. Legislation. Railroads — - location of stations, etc. — railroad bridges — grade-crossings — tunnels — electrification — etc. Watei"ways, canals. Harbors. Commercial water-fronts — docks — slips — wharves — piers — etc. Aerial transportation terminals. Conduits. Wires. General. Conduits — water-supply, sewerage, etc. Wires — power, lighting, telephone, etc. 9 Elements of City Plans {continued) Blocks and lots — land subdivision. General. Legislation — restrictions, etc. Size, shape, orientation, topography. Relation to street — frontage, grade, depth. Relation of area to buildings thereon. Blocks and lots for special types of occupancy. Open spaces — public and quasi-pubhc — other than for traffic. General. Legislation. Park systems. Parks and reservations — forest reservations, shore reservations, etc. — recreative water- fronts — large and small parks — public gardens — amusement parks — etc. Playgrounds — including athletic fields, etc. Squares. Cemeteries. Grounds of building groups. Grounds about buildings (not grouped). Structures — architectural. (Including engineering structures treated architecturally. For other engineering structures, see Streets, etc.) General. Building groups. Buildings — general — legislation — buildings for special uses — types of construction — material, height, form, etc. — special elements — etc. Bridges, viaducts, dams. Minor architectural and sculptural features — monuments, statues, fountains, etc. 10 Types of City Plans. .'.'.:».': •.•;•.! General. Types distinguished by climate. Types distinguished by type of population — by nationality. Types distinguished by relation to topography — coast cities — river cities — hill-top cities — etc. Types distinguished by dominant function of city — governmental — industrial — commercial, (ports) — residential — etc. Types distinguished by size of city — large city, town, village, etc. Types distinguished by style of city plan, architec- tural character of city, etc. City Planning, by Special Countries and Cities, arranged geographically. 11 '^'"M^tM RETURN LIBRARY SCHOOL LIBRARY TO"^ 2 South Hall 642-2253 LOAN PERIOD 1 2 3 4 5 6 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS DUE AS STAMPED BELOW MAR 2 5 1S77 FORM NO. DD 18, 45m, ^.7^ UNIVERSITY OF BERKE CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY .EY, CA 94720 LD 21-50m-8,'57 (.C8481sl0)476 University of California Berkeley zM^ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY