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Ibcatb's flDo&em Xanouaae Series 
 
 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 WITH NOTES AND VOCABULARY 
 
 i/ck'S 
 
 WESSELHOEFT, A.M. 
 
 Instructor in German in the University of Pennsylvania 
 
 i^ATH i.CQfViJ|' 
 
 BOSTON, U.S.A. 
 
 D. C. HEATH & CO., PUBLISHERS 
 
 1902 
 
IN MEMORrAM 
 
 Copyright, 1902, 
 By D. C. Heath & Co. 
 
 PRINTED IN 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 OF AMERICA 
 
 > ft *' 
 
 * • 
 
 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 This book of German Composition is intended for stu- 
 dents who have mastered the inflections of the German 
 grammar, and have had some practice in translating easy 
 English sentences into German. It is divided into two 
 parts : Part I. containing selections with independent clauses 
 only ; Part II selections with principal and dependent clauses. 
 The introductory remarks preceding each part refer chiefly 
 to the position of the verb in German. With more advanced 
 students Part II can be used independently of Part I. 
 
 The notes, especially in Part I, are intended to help the 
 beginner to avoid those mistakes which experience has 
 taught constantly recur in the class-room. As much as pos- 
 sible lexical matter has been confined to the Vocabulary. No 
 effort has been spared to make this complete. 
 
 The simple style of every-day speech has been preserved 
 throughout the selections, words of unusual occurrence having 
 been intentionally avoided. It need hardly be said that the 
 selections have been made not for their literary value, but 
 rather with a view to securing variety of vocabulary and 
 avoiding difficulties which would only confuse the beginner. 
 
 The exercises have been made of nearly equal length. 
 
 926619 
 
IV PREFACE 
 
 those of Part II however, being somewhat longer than those 
 of Part I. Longer selections have been divided into sections, 
 and all the material has been arranged, as far as possible, 
 in the order of difficulty. 
 
 For many useful corrections and suggestions the editor 
 is indebted to Professor M. D. Learned and Assistant Pro- 
 fessor D. B. Shumway, both of the University of Pennsylvania, 
 Mr. A. A. Fischer of the Protestant Episcopal Academy, 
 and for a careful reading of the whole book to Dr. O. Plate 
 of the West Point Military Academy. 
 
 E. C. WESSELHOEFT. 
 
 University of Pennsylvania, 
 January 1902. 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PART I. INDEPENDENT CLAUSES. 
 
 Introductory Remarks on the Position of the Verb 
 
 IN Independent Clauses in German . . 
 Selections for Translation with Independent Clauses 
 
 1 . The lame Beggar 
 
 2. Who commenced the Quarrel ? 
 
 3. The wooden Leg 8 
 
 4. The new Town-hall 9 
 
 u5. The Rat-catcher of Hameln 9 
 
 5. " " " " (continued) ... 10 
 " " ... II 
 « " ... 12 
 
 9. « " " " " ... 13 
 
 10. " '* " " (conclusion) ... 13 
 
 11. The Prescription 14 
 
 12. A Letter 15 
 
 13. " " (continued^ 16 
 
 14. " ** " 17 
 
 15. " " (conclusion) . 18 
 
 PART IL DEPENDENT CLAUSES AND INDE- 
 PENDENT CLAUSES. 
 
 Introductory Remarks on the Position of the Verb 
 
 IN Dependent Clauses in German . . . .21 
 Exceptions to final Position of Verb in Dependent Clauses , 23 
 
 Subordinating Conjunctions 24 
 
 Relative Clauses 26 
 
 Brief Summary of Verb-position in German . . . .28 
 V 
 
VI 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Selections for Translation with Dependent and Inde- 
 pendent Clauses 31 
 
 16. Exercise with Dependent and Independent Clauses . 31 
 
 17. Exercise with Relative Clauses 32 
 
 18. The Horseshoe 33 
 
 19. Three Asses 33 
 
 20. The Merchant and his Donkey 34 
 
 21. The Shoemaker and the Physician . . . • 35 
 
 22. Who shall Ride ? 36 
 
 23. The Sorrows of an old Woman 37 
 
 24. Kannitverstan 38 
 
 25. " (continued) 39 
 
 26. " (conclusion) 40 
 
 27. The wise Judge 41 
 
 28. Letter of a German Schoolboy ... . . 42 
 
 29. « « « " « (conclusion) . . 43 
 
 30. The Right Eye or the Left ? 44 
 
 31. A Threat 45 
 
 32. The Peasant and his Son 45 
 
 33. The travelUng Scholar in Paradise .... 46 
 
 34. " " " " " (conclusion) . . 47 
 
 35. The Prussian Dodge 48 
 
 36. " " " (conclusion). . - . . 49 
 
 37. George Stephenson * 50 
 
 »^ 38. The Death of Captain Cook 51 
 
 -^ 39. The Three Rings 52 
 
 40. " " " (continued) 52 
 
 41. " ^' " (conclusion) 53 
 
 VOCABULARY 57 
 
PART 1 
 
 INDEPENDENT CLAUSES 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ON THE POSITION OF 
 
 THE VERB IN INDEPENDENT CLAUSES 
 
 IN GERMAN. 
 
 The principal rule for the word-order in German, in main 
 or independent clauses (not interrogative) is, that the finite 
 verb must stand second; the first element in the clause 
 being the subject with its qualifiers, or any other word (with 
 its qualifiers) which for emphasis or connection with the pre- 
 ceding sentence stands first. 
 
 Thus from the following examples it can be seen that 
 even in ordinary colloquial German any word (with its quali- 
 fiers) may begin the sentence, but that the finite verb must 
 always stand second : 
 
 a 
 
 1. SKein 33ruber l^at mir geftern ba§ 33ud^ gegeBen. 
 "My brother gave me the book yesterday." 
 
 a 
 
 2. ©eftern l^at tnein 93ruber tnir ba§ 33u($ gegeben. 
 
 a 
 
 3. ^a§ S3ud^ l^at mein Sruber mir geftern gegeben. 
 
 a 
 
 4. Mix 'i)ai mein 93ruber geftern bag 93ud^ gegeben. 
 
 a 
 
 5. ©egeben \)at mir mein 93ruber geftern bag 33ud^. 
 
 Notice that the finite verb in the above sentences is 
 „]^at," not „gegeben." „©egeben" is the past participle and as 
 such stands final in German, except in case of emphasis — as 
 in the last example. By "finite" or "personal verb" is meant 
 
4 *l^,<?' \aE#I^ J COMPOSITION 
 
 that paVt;Qf'Vhii5 ;v'erbwbicK is inflected for number and person. 
 Thus in the sentence : ,,^'d^ tnu^l^eute nad^ ber ©tabt geJ^en," 
 "I must go to town to-day," „tnu^" is the finite verb, and 
 therefore stands second in the sentence; „gel^en" is the in- 
 finitive, and stands final according to the rule that infinitives 
 and past participles stand in German at the end of the clause. 
 If we take the above five sentences as answers to questions, 
 we easily perceive which word would naturally come first in 
 German, thus : 
 
 1. 2Ber l^at ^^mn geftern ba§ 93ud^ gegeben? 
 
 a 
 
 3Kettt Sruber ^at mix geftern bag 93ud^ gegeben. 
 
 2. 3Bann l^at '^^x Sruber '^i)mn ba§ 33ud^ gegeben ? 
 
 a 
 
 ©eftern i)at mein Sruber tntr ba§ 33ud^ gegeben. 
 
 3. S03a§ ^at ^i)x 93ruber ^^mn geftern gegeben ? 
 
 a 
 
 S)a§ S3ud^ ^at mein Sruber mir geftern gegeben. 
 
 4. 2Sem l^at ^i)x SSruber geftern bag Sud^ gegeben? 
 
 3 
 
 3Jlir l^at mein SSruber geftern bag S3ud^ gegeben. 
 
 5. §at ^l^r 33ruber ^^nen geftern bag '^nd) geliel^en ? 
 
 9letn, gegeben ^at mein Sruber mir bag 33ud^. 
 
 Thus the word-order is perfectly logical in German. 
 
 Notice that the subject, if it is not first in the clause, 
 generally follows immediately after the verb; but it can be 
 separated from the verb by a pronoun or even other words, 
 as : „S)ag S3ud^ ^at mir geftern mein 33ruber gegeben." 
 
 The general connectives : 
 
 unb = and, aber 
 
 benn == for, fonbern 
 
 ober = or, adein 
 
 but, however, 
 
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES 5 
 
 do not count as first word or element, for they in fact only 
 connect the two sentences, without belonging to either of 
 them. Thus : 
 
 3l6er er ^at mit ba§ S5ud^ ntd^t gegeBen. 
 " But he did not give me the book." 
 
 1 2 
 
 S)ettn ntorgen lann td^ nid^t fotnmen. 
 " For I cannot come to-morrow." 
 
 ©onbern can be used only after a negative, thus : 
 
 S)ie^ ift nid^t mein S3ud^, fonbern 3^re§. 
 "This is not my book, but yours." 
 
 SlUein introduces a clause which contains an idea that 
 forms a strong contrast to the idea of the preceding clause, 
 thus : 
 
 (Sr ^at ba§ ®elb, affein er W'xd nid^t be^al^Ien. 
 "He has the money, but he won't pay." 
 
 Interrogative Clauses. — In interrogative clauses the finite 
 verb has the same position as in English, thus : 
 
 Who saw you? Sffier l^at ©te gefe^en ? 
 Which book have you? 2BeIc^e§ "^iwi) l^aben @te? 
 Have you written the letter? §abett ©ie ben 33rief ge* 
 fd^rieben? 
 
M- 
 
SELECTIONS FOR TRANSLATION 
 
 WITH INDEPENDENT CLAUSES 
 
 1. The lame Beggar. 
 
 A poor lame maij asked ^ a lady for money. She said 
 to^ him: "Why do you not work ^ and earn it?" The 
 beggar replied : "I cannot find work here * and I am too 
 lame to seek work." Then^ the lady gave him some 
 money. But the next day ^ he asked her again for more. 5 
 She looked at ^ him and said ; " My good man, yesterday 
 you were limping ^ with the right leg, but to-day you are 
 limping with the left; how is that?" The beggar repHed : 
 " I cannot stand ^ limping ^^ with the same leg more than a 
 day, ^^ I get^^ too tired. Yesterday I limped with the right 10 
 leg, so to-day I have to^^ Hmp with the left." 
 
 2. Who commenced the QuarreH 
 
 A gentleman was going ^ with his dog over the^ market 
 place. A woman was sitting^ there with hens for sale. The 
 
 1 to ask for = bitten Utlt, not ftageit^ 2 After fogen, p is generally 
 used if direct speech follows. ^ Say, why work you not ? Important 
 to notice that the auxiliary *'do " is not used in German. * Say, I 
 can here no work find. ^ Word-order .? see Introductory Remarks 
 on verb position. 6 ^^y^ %q^^ barauf or ben folgenben Xag, definite 
 time being expressed by the ace. "^ an-fel^en (sep. prefix) with ace. 
 8 In German simply "you limped." ^ au^l^aften, inf., hence final ; 
 cf. n. 4. 10 ®a§ §infen. ^^ Duration of time, hence ace. 12 j, e. 
 to become (toerben). 1^ i. e. " I must. *' 
 
 1 Cf. i,n. 8. 2 Case? 
 
* 8 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 dog killed a hen and the gentleman offered the woman 
 money for the loss of her hen. The woman, however, de- 
 manded too much. The gentleman would ^ not pay so 
 much and the woman wished to go with him to ^ the police- 
 5 court. But this ^ the gentleman did not want to ^ do. A 
 little boy had seen and heard everything and said to the 
 gentleman: "Why do you "^ not go to the police-court? 
 Your"^ dog did not commence the quarrel, the hen com- 
 menced it, for * your dog said nothing to the hen, but the 
 10 hen spoke to the dog first."^ 
 
 3. The wooden Leg. 
 
 An old sailor with a wooden leg was going home one 
 evening.^ He had been having a good time ^ with some 
 old comrades. It was a dark night and he had to ^ go 
 down ^ a long country lane.^ The lane was muddy and full 
 15 of small holes. His wooden leg stuck ^ in one of these 
 holes. He, however, went on "^ walking with his other leg 
 and consequently he walked around and around ^ his wooden 
 leg. His wooden leg revolved in the hole. Then he 
 
 3 tDOEte, not tDitrbe. * auf, ^ This refers to the whole pre- 
 ceding clause, therefore is neut. sing. ^ Use ttJOEen, omitting tOj as 
 modal-auxiliaries in German are followed by infinitive without gu. 
 7 Translate jj/^2/ by ©te zxi^your by Ql^r, ^\ctf ^\i\ in the German 
 of every-day life the use of ^Vi and betn is mostly confined to- 
 children, near relatives or friends whom one would address by their 
 Christian Names. ^ benit, not filr; beitlt is coordinating conjunc- 
 tion, fiir is preposition. ^ Say, first to the dog. 
 
 ^ Use gen. of indefinite time and put adv. of time before adv. of 
 place. 2 g^. ^^QXi^ ftd^ gut amiiftert or unterl^alten. ^ er mugtc. 
 * l^inabgel^en. ^ The ace is used after verbs of motion to denote 
 distance or direction. ^ blieb .... ftedeit. ^ fort=fof)rcn (sep. pre- 
 fix) followed by 511 with the infinitive. ^ um — ^erum. 
 
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES V 
 
 said to ^ himself : " I must walk faster, or I shall not get 
 home ^° to-night." And the poor old sailor walked faster 
 and faster, but he did not get home that ^^ night. 
 
 4. The new Town-hall. 
 
 The citizens of a small town in Germany built a town- 
 hall but they forgot to put in windows. Consequently it 5 
 was very dark in the new town-hall and they could not see 
 one another.^ Then they did not know^ what to do.^ 
 One * said : " Let us tear down the roof." "No," said the 
 others, " for then we can meet only in ^ fine weather." At 
 last a very wise old man said : "Why can we not carry the 10 
 light in sacks into the town-hall, like water in buckets. 
 Light is not as heavy as ^ water, therefore it wilF not be 
 very hard work. Anyway we could ^ try, and perhaps we 
 shall succeed.^ The experiment will at least cost nothing." 
 
 5. The Rat-catcher of Hameln. 
 
 In Germany there is^ a little town, called Hameln.^ 15 
 Many hundred years ago ^ there were very many rats and 
 mice in the town. They were everywhere, in the houses 
 and warehouses, in the shops and workshops, in the stables 
 
 9 Cf. I, n. 2. 10 uad) ^avi^t fommen. ^^ Use demonstrative 
 bie ; jener is rarely used in familiar speech. 
 
 1 etnanber. ^ toi\\en or !entten? ^ tt)a§ fte madden follten. 
 * ©titer or ^er etite. ^ bet. ^ }o Jc^toer toie. ^ Fut. tense, hence 
 tt)trb. ^ When a modal-auxiliary in English stands in a past tense, 
 while referring to present time, it is a subjunctive and should be trans- 
 lated by that mood in German. ^ geliltgeit is an impersonal verb 
 governing dat.; hence say, will (fut. tense) it to us succeed. 
 
 1 gtebt e§, noun following in ace, because direct object of giebt* 
 
 §ame(n genannt. ^ jgo^; tjielen ^unbert Qa^ren. 
 
10 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 and barns, in the streets and on the market-place, even in the 
 churches. They ate or destroyed everything, and there- 
 fore ^ the poor inhabitants of Hameln were in great distress. 
 They caught and killed very many, but of what use was 
 
 5 that?* The rats and mice increased every day.^ Then 
 the town council met and thought over the affair. At 
 last one of the councilmen said : " We have tried every- 
 thing, nobody in this town can drive the rats and mice 
 away. Let us offer a reward and perhaps somebody will 
 
 10 come and do it for us." And so they offered a large 
 reward and waited. But many days passed and nobody 
 came, and the rats and mice increased every day. 
 
 6. The Rat-catcher of Hameln (continued)^ 
 
 One day ^ a stranger ^ came to the mayor of Hameln and 
 said : " I will kill the rats and mice in the town." The mayor 
 
 15 looked at * the man with astonishment, for he was a very 
 strange looking ^ man. He was dressed ^ in many colors. 
 "How will you do ''it?" said the mayor. "That is my 
 affair," said the stranger, " you give me the reward, and I 
 will kill all ^ the rats and mice." " First kill the rats and 
 
 20 mice," said the mayor, " and then you shall have the re- 
 ward." The stranger said nothing more,® but went out ^^ 
 on the street. Here he drew a flute out of his pocket ^^ 
 
 * baf)er; (not bafiir, which means "for it"). ^ j^^g j^^jf ^jjg^ 
 * Ace. of time. 
 
 1 gortfe^ung. ^ case? ^ ein grember, but ber grembe (ad- 
 jective-noun). 4 Cf. I, n. 7. fi fettfam auSJe^enb (adj. and 
 hence inflected). ^ ^^ ^qqx gefleibet not er ttjurbe gefleibet, 
 
 which would mean here : " he was being dressed. " ^ Tnad)en, or 
 onfangen. ^ If all is followed by the article it is not inflected. 
 
 » loeiter mdt|t§. 10 i^inauS or l^eroug? 11 aug ber Xafd^e. 
 
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES 11 
 
 and began to play it and to walk slowly through the streets. 
 It was a strange tune, and the inhabitants of Hameln had 
 never heard such music. And so they all looked out of 
 the houses ^^ or stood in ^^ the streets, and listened and 
 wondered. 5 
 
 7. The Rat-catcher of Hameln (continued). 
 
 But also the rats and mice heard this wonderful music. 
 From the houses and warehouses, from the stores and 
 workshops, from the stables and barns, even from the 
 churches came ^ the rats and mice in ^ thousands and 
 thousands. And they alP followed the stranger.^ Slowly lo 
 he marched through all the streets and alleys, and every rat 
 and mouse in the town came out and followed him. Near * 
 the town was a broad river with a strong current. The 
 water near the banks was not deep, but further out ^ it 
 gradually became deeper. Towards this river the stranger 15 
 marched. He came to ^ the river, waded into the water up 
 to ^ his breast, and there he stood and played his flute. 
 Then into the water sprang the rats and the mice and 
 swam towards him.^ But the current was too strong for 
 them ^ and they were all drowned, ^^ or were ^^ carried by 20 
 
 12 au§ ben §aufern t)inau§ or §erau§, according as to whether the 
 speaker places himself inside or outside the house. Here we are 
 following the actions of the stranger as he goes down the street, hence 
 
 J)erau§. 1^ auf. 
 
 ^ Notice that the order of words in this sentence is the same as 
 in English, the verb comes second. All the prepositional phrases 
 preceding the verb count only as one element. 2 ^jj^ 3 g^y^ ^j^gy 
 
 followed all, etc. * na^e bet. ^ tt)eiter ^tnau§. ^ an. "^ big an 
 
 (ace). 8 auf t^n §n. ^ Omit prep, and use dat. Word-order.? 10 fie 
 ertranfen aUe. ^^ Here is a new occurrence in the story, therefore 
 use tDurben; cf. 6, n. 6. 
 
12 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 the current down the river ,^^ and thus not a ^^ single rat nor 
 mouse remained ^^ in Hameln. 
 
 8. The Rat-catcher of Hameln (continued). 
 
 Then the inhabitants of Hameln were very happy. The 
 stranger went to the mayor and asked for ^ his money. But 
 
 5 the mayor said : " That is too much money for so little ^ 
 work. You only played your flute and the rats and mice 
 followed you into the water. Half ^ the money is enough 
 for that work." The stranger replied ; "I want all the 
 money, or all the children of Hameln." Then the mayor 
 
 10 became angry and said : " You impudent fellow, either take 
 half the money or you shall have nothing at all."* " I want 
 all my money or all the children of Hameln," repeated the 
 stranger quietly. The mayor, however, laughed and said : 
 " Our children will ^ not follow you Hke the rats and mice, 
 
 15 they are not so stupid. Take half the money and leave the 
 town, or I shall have ^ you driven out as a vagabond. ""^ 
 The stranger answered not a ^ word, but left the town the 
 same day. 
 
 12 Use l^inab as prefix to the verb; for case cf. 3, n. 5. ^^ not a 
 = fein 1* Use ^nxixd as prefix to verb. 
 
 1 Cf. I, n. I. 2 jtjenig (uninflected), not fleilt. ^letn means 
 small in size, iDeittg small in quantity. ^ ^(i(]^ inflects like an or- 
 dinary adj. and stands after the article. * gar nid)t§. ^ tDCtbeit or 
 tt)0llen? ^ to have something done = ettua§ tttarf)en laffen, thus : 
 I shall have the letter written = id) toerbe ben SBrief f d^reiben laff en. 
 7 Case? 8 Cf. 7, n. 13. 
 
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES 13 
 
 9. The Kat-catcher of Hameln (continued). 
 
 Many days passed and nothing was seen ^ or heard of 
 the stranger. One day a great festival was being ^ held in a 
 neighboring town and nearly all the grown-up ^ people of 
 Hameln went to it.^ Only the very old people and the 
 children remained in the town. Suddenly the flute of the 5 
 stranger sounded through the lonely streets. And once 
 more ^ he marched through the town. This time ^ however 
 no rats and mice followed him, but "^ children. For out of 
 the houses they all came running,^ and they shouted, jumped, 
 and danced for ^ joy. Quicker and merrier became the 10 
 music, and quicker marched the stranger, and the children 
 ran and danced along behind him.^^ The old people called 
 to ^^ them to come back, but they seemed to hear nothing 
 but ^^ the music of the stranger. By the hundreds ^^ they 
 followed him, big and Httle,^* and not a single child re- 15 
 mained at home. 
 
 10. The Rat-catcher of Hameln (conclusion). 
 
 Some of the little children fell, but they quickly got up * 
 again and laughed and shouted only the more.^ The old 
 people called and called and wTung their hands,^ but the 
 
 1 Say, one (man) saw or heard, etc. 2 When we have in English 
 a progressive form of the verb in the passive, use ttjetben. ^ ertoad^* 
 
 fen. * bal^in. ^ nod^ einntat. ^ ^j^fe^ SJ^al or bie^ntaL '^ Use fon* 
 bern after a negative, if the contrast is to be emphasized. ^ After 
 f ontnten the verb expressing the manner of motion is in the past par- 
 ticiple. 9 t)or. i<^ l^inter SS)m ^tx. 11 to call to a man = einem 
 SUlanne p=rufen. 12 nid^tS oS.^, ^^ p l^nnberten. i* Adjectives in 
 apposition — therefore no grammatical ending in German. 
 1 auf^ftel^en. 2 ^-^ fo mei^r. » 51^ §anbe. 
 
14 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 merry children's voices * drowned ^ their feeble cries. And 
 still louder than ^ the children's voices sounded the shrill 
 flute of the stranger. Thus the procession went merrily 
 out of the town towards the river. They came to *^ the river, 
 5 but this time the stranger did not go into the water. He 
 turned ^ and marched towards a hill, and all the children 
 behind him. Suddenly the hill opened ^ and a big cave 
 appeared. Into the cave marched the stranger, and into 
 the cave went all the children, shouting, jumping, and 
 lo dancing for joy. Then the hill closed, and neither the 
 stranger nor the children were^^ ever seen again. Thus 
 the inhabitants of Hameln got rid of their rats and mice 
 for nothing,^^ but also of their children. 
 
 !!• The Prescription. 
 
 A man in a cart, drawn ^ by two oxen, stopped ^ in front 
 15 of ^ a drug store, got down, and lifted a large door out of 
 the cart and carried it into the store. " What do you want 
 with that door here?" said the druggist, " I have neither 
 ordered a door, nor is this a carpenter's shop." "That's 
 all right,"^ said the man with the door, "my wife is very 
 20 ill and the doctor came last night and wanted to write out ^ 
 a prescription for her,^ but he had no pencil, and we only 
 had a piece of chalk in the house. So he wrote the pre- 
 
 * ^inberftimmen. ^ ubertonen (insep.). ^ After a comparative 
 the English t/ian is al§. ^ Cf. 7, n. 6. ^ to turn is here intransitive, 
 hence not tueitbcn, but ftcE) trenbeit. ^ fic^ offnen, cf. n. 8 above. 
 10 njaren or tuurben? 11 umfonft. 
 
 1 Say, in a by two oxen drawn cart, making drawn an adj. and in- 
 flecting it as such, thus : a house built by my father = eilt tJOlt ntei= 
 
 Item SSater gebaute§ |)au§. 2 i^alten. ^ in front of, t)or. * ©d^on 
 gut. ^ tjerfd^reibcn. ^ Use dat., omit prep. 
 
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES 15 
 
 scription on "^ the door. None of us at home can ^ read 
 or write, therefore I have brought you the door." 
 
 This same man was very fond of ^ sitting late in the vil- 
 lage inn. His wife scolded him and said one day : ^*Tonight 
 I shall lock the house-door at ten o'clock." But what did 
 the man do? Why/^ he took the house-door off ^^ its hinges 
 and carried it with him ^^ into the inn. So his wife could 
 not lock the door. 
 
 12. A Letter. 
 
 Berlin, June loth,^ 1901. 
 My Dear Father,^ 
 
 Yesterday I arrived safe and sound in Berlin. One of 10 
 my cousins met me at the ^ station and we went then at 
 once to my uncle's house.* We took a cab and it seemed 
 to me ^ a long drive from the station. We could not talk 
 much, for my cousin does not speak very much EngHsh, 
 and I cannot speak very much German. But my German 15 
 will soon improve, for now I shall hear nothing but ^ Ger- 
 man. My uncle said to me last night'^ : "You ^ must not 
 
 ■^ an. Case ? 8 $8et un§ !ann nieinanb. ^ Say, sat very gladly 
 (gem)* ^^ Why or well as an interjection is tlUlt. ^^ au§. ^^ Use 
 ttlit as prefix to verb and omit pronoun, thus : He took his books 
 
 with him = ©r nal^ttt feine SBiid^er mtt. 
 
 1 In dating a letter the ace, of def. time is used, thus May 2nd = 
 b. 2. 9Rai {\ityi §tt)eiten 3JJai). ^ Use note of exclamation after 
 SSater and place the words in the middle of the line. ^ jjj^^ 4 g^y^ 
 to (narf)) the house of my uncle. SD^eilte^ OttfeB §aug would be 
 poetical. ^ Use dat., omit prep. ^ cf. 9, n. 12. "^ geftem 5lbenb. 
 In German ^^^i is not used in the sense of " evening " as in Eng- 
 lish. Thus : ^ejtern ^Ibenb tuar id) im X^eater, but geftern S^ad^t 
 l^abe i(^ gut gefi^lafen. ^ S)u or ©ie? 
 
16 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 talk English with your cousins, only German. Learn Ger- 
 man first and then you can teach your cousins ^ English." 
 The girls are very talkative and really quite pretty, so I 
 ought ^^ soon to learn German, and then I shall teach them 
 5 English. I cannot write you much about ^^ my German 
 relatives yet, for I saw them only last night and early this 
 morning at ^^ breakfast. I was very tired last night. The 
 steamer arrived at ^^ Hamburg at 6 a. m.,^* therefore all the 
 passengers had to get up very early. 
 
 13. A Letter (continued). 
 
 10 We had a very pleasant voyage. There were * several 
 young fellows among ^ the passengers and so we really had 
 a jolly time on board. I was sea-sick only the first day, 
 but then ^ nearly everybody was sick that day, for the sea 
 was pretty rough and it was blowing quite hard.* I heard 
 
 15 the captain say ^ to a passenger : " This is the worst ^ storm 
 this year." But the passenger laughed and said : " Cap- 
 tain,^ you always tell your passengers that."^ " Well,"^ 
 laughed the captain, " they always like ^^ to hear it." Most 
 of the ^^ passengers were Americans ; there were a few Ger- 
 
 20 mans, but they all spoke English, and so I did not hear 
 much German on board. But the stewards were Germans 
 and I spoke a little German with them. My cabin-steward 
 said to me : " You speak like a German." But perhaps he 
 
 ^ lel^ren takes double accus. 10 foEte id), cf. 2, n. 6. 11 iibet 
 (ace). ^2 Beim. is in. 1* unt 6 U^r aJiorgen^. 
 
 1 @§ tt)aren. 2 unter. ^ freilid^. * red)t ftarf. ^ Infin., hence 
 
 * final. 6 \^^x, fc^Iimmfte. "^ §err ©apitan. ^ \i^^, here emphatic, 
 
 hence place first in the clause. » Cf. 11, n. 10. i^ Use gem, thus: 
 
 I like to do it = ic^ t^ue eg gem. ^^ bie meiften. 
 
INDEPENDENT CLAUSES 17 
 
 wanted a good tip, for I heard him say the same to a lady, 
 and she spoke an awful German ^^ even I could hear that. 
 
 14. A Letter (continued). 
 
 I spent nearly a whole day in Hamburg and it was worth 
 while.^ One of the passengers, a young German, took me 
 with him ^ and showed me the prettiest parts of the town. 5 
 In the old part some of the streets are very narrow and the 
 houses come close together at the top,^ just as ^ in pictures 
 of towns in the middle ages. The new part of the town is 
 very beautiful, for it is built around a lake. But I won't 
 give you a long description, or else my brother Tom will 10 
 say : " Oh, he copied ^ that from ^ his guide-book." — . We 
 had dinner ^ in the Ratskeller, under the new Rathaus, the 
 finest building ^ in the city. It was a very good dinner, 
 but not cheap. My German acquaintance wanted to pay, 
 but I would not permit ^ it, for he had said to me once on 15 
 the steamer : " I like America, but I did not make ^° my 
 fortune there. I am going back poorer than I came." 
 Altogether I do not find living ^^ in Germany so very cheap. 
 I have been here only a day, and I have only a few marks 
 left.i2 20 
 
 12 ^eutfd^, neut. 
 
 1 bet SD^ii^e (gen.) toert. 2 cf. n, n. 12. » oBen. * gerabc tote. 
 
 s Say, he has copied. The perfect tense is used, especially in the 
 spoken language, for reporting a fact in the past ; thus : I saw your 
 friend yesterday = :g(J) '\)<x\it Q^iren g^^eunb geftern gefel^eit. ^ ^^g^ 
 7 to have dinner = §u 9Jlittag eff en. ^ Case ? ^ pJaffen. i<> Cf . n. 
 5 above. 11 \i^^ Sebetl, the verbal noun is formed in German from 
 the infin. with „\iQ&J' 12 itj^ng. 
 
18 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 15. A Letter (conclusion). 
 
 To-day is the tenth and I have spent nearly all my pocket 
 money for this month. Cannot you or ^ mother send me a 
 few dollars before the first, and next month ^ I will try to 
 meet my expenses.^ I shall write mother a long letter 
 5 to-morrow, and then I can tell her more about * her rela- 
 tions here. I wrote her a postal-card on the steamer ^ and 
 mailed it in Hamburg. The stewards sold very pretty 
 postal-cards on^ board and I bought several. All my 
 luggage arrived here in good condition, I have lost nothing, 
 10 not even ^ my umbrella. It is raining here to-day, but we 
 are going this afternoon to "^ the picture-gallery, so it does 
 not matter.® My uncle said last night : " You had better ^ 
 study in the morning ^° and then in the afternoon you can 
 go with your cousins to see the town." So I must close 
 15 now and get to work.^^ Next time ^^ I shall write you a 
 German letter. Please do not forget about^^ the money. 
 With love to ^^ all. 
 
 Your loving son,^^ 
 
 Jack, 
 
 1 Repeat the verb in German ; why ? 2 Acc. of time. ^ ttlit bent 
 ©elbe au^^ufomnten. * t)on. ^ auf bent ^ant^fer, but am SBorb. 
 « ni(i)t einmal. "^ nad^ ^ f^ m^^i e§ nii^tg au§, or fo tl^ut e§ nirf)tg. 
 
 ® %Vi foUteft lieber. '^^ Gen. of time. 11 to get to work = ftcf) ail 
 
 bte 5Irbeit madden. 12 ^jjg nd^fte SOlal. i^ ttJegcn. " ntit QJrug 
 an. 15 2)ein 2)id& liebenber ©o^n. 
 
PART n 
 
 DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT 
 19 CLAUSES 
 
INTRODUCTORY REMARKS ON THE POSITION OF 
 
 THE VERB IN DEPENDENT CLAUSES 
 
 IN GERMAN. 
 
 A dependent clause is one which depends on another clause 
 for its meaning. Thus, in the sentence, " When I was in town 
 yesterday, I met your friend," the first clause is the dependent, 
 and the second the independent or principal clause. For 
 "when I was in town yesterday," by itself, is not a complete 
 statement of a fact, it is dependent on " I met your friend " 
 for its full meaning. Whereas " I met your friend " can stand 
 alone, as a complete statement of a fact, and therefore is a 
 principal or independent clause. 
 
 In German, a dependent clause is easily recognised by 
 the final position of the finite verb ; moreover, the dependent 
 clause is always seperated from the principal clause by a 
 comma. Such however is not the case in English ; hence it is 
 very important to be able to recognise a dependent clause in 
 English, when translating from English into German, so that 
 the finite verb may be correctly placed at the end. 
 
 Thus in German the above sentence would be : 
 
 311^ id) geftern in ber ©tabt toax, traf id^ 3()ren greunb. 
 "When I yesterday in town was, met I your friend." 
 
 Notice that in the principal clause, following the dependent, 
 the verb comes first. The reason for this is that the whole 
 dependent clause counts as one element, therefore the verb 
 
22 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 in the principal clause has really the second position in the 
 whole sentence. 
 
 Compare these sentences : 
 
 1st element 2nd element 
 
 3(fe td^ in ber ©tabt )^ax, traf id^ Ql^ren g^reunb, 
 
 1st element 2nd element 
 
 3n ber ©tabt traf id) "^^xtn g^reunb, 
 
 1st element 2nd element 
 
 3BeiI id) Uxn ©elb \)ab^, tann id) ba§ ^nd) nid)i laufen. 
 
 1st element 2nd element 
 
 D\)n^ ©elb iann id) ba§ Sud^ nid^t faufen. 
 
 The principal rules for the German verb-position are 
 therefore : 
 
 1. In independent clauses the finite verb comes second. 
 
 2. In dependent clauses the finite verb comes last. 
 
 If the verb in a dependent clause is in a compound tense, 
 then the finite verb (the auxiliary), according to the rule above, 
 stands last ; the past participle or infinitive standing before it, 
 thus : 
 
 3lad)\>zm er ben SSrief gefd^rieben l^atte, gtng er a\x^. 
 " After he had written the letter he went out.'* 
 
 ^d^ glaube, ba^ e§ morgen regnen tt)irb. 
 " I think that it will rain to-morrow." 
 
 If an infinitive accompanies the finite verb in a dependent 
 clause, the same rule is observed, thus : 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 23 
 
 @r fd^tcfte ben 5!Jlann, h)eil er m($t felbft lommen fonnte. 
 " He sent the man, because he could not come himself." 
 
 ®r ging felbft, n)eil fein SSruber nid^t ju ge^en h)unfd^te. 
 "He went himself because his brother did not wish to go." 
 
 Exceptions to final Position of Verb in Dependent Clauses. 
 
 1 . In dependent clauses with „ba^" omitted, the verb stands 
 second, thus : 
 
 @r fagt, er lonne morgen nid^t fommen. 
 " He says he cannot come tomorrow.'* 
 (but, ba^ er morgen ni^t lommen lonne). 
 
 (gr meinte, \<i) ^'diU ben Srief gefd^rieben. 
 " He thought I had written the letter." 
 (but, ba^ id^ ben SSrief gefd^rieben ^dtte). 
 
 2. Instead of Wtnn ((f), with the verb final, the verb can 
 be placed first and the conjunction omitted ; this construction 
 corresponds to the English, as : 
 
 Had I the time, I should go = §dtte td^ bie S^xt, fo toiirbe 
 id) ge^en. 
 
 Notice that fo is used in this case at beginning of principal 
 clause. 
 
 3. When, in a dependent clause, a compound tense of a 
 modal auxiliary is used with the infinitive of another verb, 
 then the finite verb stands before the infinitive and past 
 participle, thus : 
 
 2Benn er h)irfUd^ ^dtte fommen tootten, n)dre er gefommen = 
 If he had really wanted to come, he would have come. 
 
24 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 ®r tarn unerit)artet, ii:)eil er nid^t ^atte fdE)rei6en fonnen = He 
 came unexpectedly, because he had not been able to write. 
 
 9lad^bem er ba§ ^an^ ^atte bauen laffen, fonnte er nid^t bafiir 
 bej allien = After he had had the house built, he could not pay 
 for it. 
 
 Subordinating Conjunctions. 
 
 A dependent or subordinate clause is generally introduced 
 by a subordinating conjunction or by a relative pronoun. The 
 principal subordinating conjunctions are : 
 
 aU, as, when. nac^bem, after. 
 
 al§ ob, I .. oh, whether, (if). 
 
 f "'7'-*"" 'l^^'^' {although. 
 
 ^'""^'1 before. obmo^I | 
 
 eit, ) 
 eitbetn, J 
 
 e^e, j fett, 
 
 bi§, until. jeitbetn 
 
 ba, as, since. treil, because. 
 
 batntt, in order that. ttjenn, if, whenever, when. 
 
 ha^, that, so that. tDal^renb, while. 
 
 faK^, in case. tote, how. 
 
 intoiefern, ) , . tvo, where. 
 
 . '. Y how far. 
 inirietDett, J tt)ann, when. 
 
 inbetn, while. 
 
 It can therefore be stated as a rule that, after these 
 subordinating conjunctions, the finite verb must always be 
 placed at the end of the clause introduced by them. 
 
 ®a, it)ie, tvo and tvann can, however, also be adverbs ; in 
 which case, of course, the verb comes second, thus : 
 
 aSie gefjt e^ i^m? but : ^c^ h)et^ nid^t, h)ie e^ i^m gel^t. 
 aBo ift er ? but : ^(^ it)ei^, lt)o er i[t. 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 25 
 
 SBann lommt er morgen? but : SBiffen ©ie, tt)ann er tnorgen 
 lommt ? 
 
 S)a ift er ! There he is^ but : S)a er l^ier ift. As he is 
 here. 
 
 Remarks on the Use of some Subordinating Conjunctions. 
 
 AS. 
 
 1. The English conjunction as^ when it expresses time in 
 the past, is aB or tt)te, thus : 
 
 As I was going home, I met a friend = 211^ (^rtt)ie) id^ 
 nad^ §aufe ging, traf id^ einen ^reunb* 
 
 2. But, when ^i* expresses reason or cause, it is ®a, thus : 
 As I have no money, I cannot buy the book = S)a id^ fein 
 
 ©elb l^abe, fann td^ ba§ 33ud^ nid^t !aufen. 
 
 WHEN. 
 
 1. The English when^ referring to a single action, condition, 
 or event in the past, is afe, thus : 
 
 When I came home, I went to bed = 2lt§ \i) X\.(xi) §aufe 
 lam, gtng \&} ju Sett. 
 
 2. Referring to present and future time, or in the sense of 
 whenever, it is tt)enn, thus : 
 
 When he comes this evening, you can see him = '^zxva er 
 l^eute 3l6enb lommt, lonnen ©ie il^n fe^en. 
 
 Whenever he came to the house, the door was locked = 
 "^txm er nad^ bem §aufe lam, tr)ar bie 3::^ur ijerfc^Ioffen. 
 
 3. When an interrogative adverb, it is JDann, thus : 
 
 He asked me when he could come = @r fragte mid^, tDann 
 er lommen fonnte. 
 
26 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 IF. 
 
 1. The English if^ when interchangable with whether^ there- 
 fore in indirect questions, is 06, thus : 
 
 He asked me if (whether) I could come = @r fragte tnid^, 
 ob \i) fommen fonnte. 
 
 2. Otherwise denoting condition, it is tt)enn, thus : 
 
 If he were here, we should see him = SBettn er l^ier iDdre, 
 iDiirben tDir i^n fe^en. 
 
 AFTER. 
 
 The conjunction after is nad^bem, but the preposition after 
 is nad^, thus : 
 
 After he had written the letter he went out == 9tad^bem er 
 ben SSrief gefi^rieben l^alte, ging er au§. 
 
 But : He came after three o'clock = (Sr fam nad^ brei IXI^r. 
 
 SINCE. 
 
 If since refers to time, it is f eit or f eitbem ; but, if it expresses 
 reason, it is ba, thus : 
 
 Since he has been out, nobody has been here = ©eit {or 
 feitbem) er tt)eg ift, ift niemanb ^ier gett)efen. — Since you are 
 here, you can stay =*= 2)a ©ie l^ier finb, fonnen ©ie bleiben. 
 
 Relative Clauses. 
 
 Relative clauses, being dependent clauses, have the finite 
 verb always at the end. A relative clause is introduced by a 
 relative pronoun. The relative pronouns in German are : 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 27 
 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 Nom. ber, bie bag bie or tt)eld^e. 
 
 ^z- iDcId^er, tDcld^e, tt)elc^e§. 
 Gen, beffen, beren, beffen. beren. 
 
 Bat. bem, ber, bem benen or tDeld^en. 
 
 ^r tt)e((^em, tt)eld^er, toelc^em 
 Ace. ben, bie ba§ bie or tDeld^e. 
 
 ^r tt)eld^en, tt^eld^e, ti:)el(^eg. 
 
 The relative pronoun in German, as in English, takes its 
 gender and number from the word to which it relates, but its 
 case from the relative clause itself, thus : 
 
 I did not see the man who was here = 3^ Ejabe ben W.axm 
 nid^t gefe^en, ber {or t^eld^er) ^ier 'voocc. 
 
 The man whom you saw is my friend = Set "^(kXiXi, ben 
 {or tt)el(^en) ©ie gefe^en ^aben, tft mein g^reunb. 
 
 The woman whose child is sick is here == 2)te %X<X\x, beren 
 ^inb frani tft, ift ^ter* 
 
 The boy whose book you have is my brother == 2)er ^nabe, 
 beffen Sud^ ©ie l^aben, ift mein Sruber. 
 
 The pronouns tt)er, {who) and tt)a§, {what) are used as 
 relatives only when they stand for an antecedent and relative 
 combined, or relate to a word having a general or indefinite 
 meaning, as : 
 
 Whoever {he who) told you this did not tell the truth = 
 3Ber ^^nen biefe§ fagte, f^^rad^ nid^t bie SBa^r^eit ; but : The 
 man, who told it you = Set 51Jlann, bet, etc. 
 
 He has lost all that he had = @r ^di atleg, tt)a§ er I^atte, 
 i)erIoren ; but : He has lost the money that he had = @r l^at 
 bag ©elb, bag er l^atte, berloren. 
 
28 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 My friend succeeded, which pleased me very much = ©^ 
 gelang meinem greunbe, toa^ mid^ fel^r freute. 
 
 The relative cannot be omitted, as in English, thus : 
 The man I know = ®er Mann, ben id) fenne. 
 The books we read = 2)ie Siid^er, bie tt)ir lefen. 
 
 If a preposition stands before a relative pronoun which 
 relates to an inanimate object, a compound of the preposition 
 with tt)0 is generally used, as : 
 
 The table, on which it stood = ®er S^ifd^, tt)orauf e§ ftanb. 
 
 The house, in which he lived = S)ag Qan^, Woxin er 
 lt)o^nte* 
 
 Brief Summary of Verb-position in German. 
 
 Three positions are possible for the finite verb in German, 
 viz : 
 
 I. Verb first. This position of verb coincides with the 
 English. It is used in (i) interrogative sentences : 
 
 §abett @ie bag ^ui) ? = Have you the book? 
 
 (2) imperative : Sommen ©ie ^er = Come here. 
 
 (3) optative : §dtte ic^ nut bie 3^it ! = Had I only time ! 
 
 (4) conditional : §atte id^ bie 3^i^/ f*^ it)urbe id) lommen == 
 Had I the time I should come. 
 
 II. Verb second. This is the usual position for the finite 
 verb in independent clauses, not belonging to I. 
 
 ©eft em lam er = Yesterday he came. 
 6r fam geftern = He came yesterday. 
 §ier bin ic^ = Here I am. 
 ^a ift er = There he is. 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 29 
 
 By "verb second" is of course understood that the first ele- 
 ment may really consist of many words, or even a whole clause, 
 provided these words are so closely related as to form one 
 element of the sentence, thus : 
 
 1st element 2nd element 
 
 Son aUzn )8^xWanhUn unb g'reunben i^abt id) 33rtefe be^ 
 fommen = I have received letters from all relatives and 
 friends. 
 
 1st element 2nd element 
 
 31I§ er tt)eg ging, mad^te er bie %\)ixx §u = When he went 
 away he shut the door. 
 
 1st element 2nd element 
 
 3n ber §eimat, M feinen lieben gltern, berbrac^te er bie o^lM^ 
 lid^ften ©tunben = In his native place, with his beloved 
 parents, he spent the happiest hours. 
 
 III. Verb last. This is the position for the finite verb in 
 dependent clauses : 
 
 ?tac^bem er einen langen Srief an feinen aSater gefd^rieben 
 l^atte, ging er au§ = After he had written a long letter to his 
 father he went out. 
 
 The auxiliary verb is frequently omitted in dependent 
 clauses, thus : 
 
 (gr fragte mid^, ob x^ !ran! gett)efen (fei) = He asked me 
 whether I had been ill. 
 
 Seitbem er ^ier gelDefen (ift), hjet^ id^ alle§ = Since he has 
 been here I know all. 
 
SELECTIONS FOR TRANSLATION 
 
 WITH DEPENDENT AND INDEPENDENT 
 CLAUSES 
 
 16, Exercise with Dependent and Independent Clauses. 
 
 [In this exercise the punctuation is given for the German, viz: the 
 dependent clause is separated from the principal clause by a comma. ] 
 
 As ^ I was writing the letter, my friend came. — As ^ he 
 has no pen, he cannot write the letter. — Before he could 
 do it, it was already done. — Please wait, until he comes 
 to-morrow. — The speaker spoke very loud, in order that 
 everybody might ^ hear him. — He spoke, as if he knew ^ 5 
 all. — The man told her, that he could ^ not come to- 
 day. — In case you see him to-morrow, please tell him, 
 that we cannot come. — I do not know, how far he is 
 right.^ — While she was waiting for ^ you, she read the 
 letter. — He opened the window, after "^ he had shut the 10 
 door, — The teacher asked the pupil, if (whether) he 
 had® learnt his lesson. — Although it was raining, he 
 went out. — Since her mother has been ^ ill, she has not 
 been here. — Because the poor woman was ill, she could 
 not work. — If the boy had time, he would study. — 15 
 Whenever I meet him, he is glad to see me. — When ^° 
 my friend came, my brother went away. — The stranger 
 asked, how he could get to the nearest village. — I do 
 not know, where he is to-day. — He asked me, when they 
 were coming.^^ 20 
 
 1 51B or S)a? see p. 25. 2 fonnte. ^ mood? 4 Subj. why? 
 
 ^ 9led^t f)at ^ auf (ace). "^ nac^ omad^bem ? see p. 26. « mood ? 
 ^ In German the present tense is used to denote that which was and 
 still is. 10 5ll§, toenn or tuann? see p. 25. 11 mood ? 
 
 31 
 
32 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 17. Exercise with Relatiye Clauses (see pp. 26-28). 
 
 [Punctuation is given for the German, relative clauses being separated 
 from principal clauses by a comma.] 
 
 The man, who is here, is my friend. — The woman, 
 who is so ill, is very poor and old. — The child, which 
 is playing in the garden, is his sister. — The boy, whose 
 mother you met yesterday, goes to the same school. — 
 
 5 Mrs. Brown, whose son is the famous author, lives in this 
 city. — The house, the roof of which you can see from 
 here,^ is an hotel. — My father, to whom I read ^ the 
 long letter, listened attentively but said nothing. — The 
 woman, to whom I gave the money, has lost her husband. — 
 
 10 The room, in which he slept, had two small windows. — 
 His brother, whom he had not seen for a long time,^ arrived 
 to-day. — The lady, whom you saw, was not my mother. — 
 You have not returned the book, which I lent you two 
 years ago. — Those boys, who have not learnt their les- 
 
 15 son, are lazy. — The books, which are lying on the table, 
 are mine, — The houses, which were burnt down* last 
 night, were not insured. — The pupils, whose exercises 
 are badly written, must copy them again. — The child- 
 ren, to whom he gave toys, were very happy. — The 
 
 20 hills, which you see, are very high. — I do not know, 
 what he said. — Whoever speaks, must speak loud. — He 
 has lost all, that he had. — He learnt his lesson well, 
 which pleased me very much.^ 
 
 > 1 t)On f)kx au§. ^ t)or=Iefen. Omit prep, and use dat. 8 felt 
 langer geit. * to be burnt down = ab=brennen. Remember that 
 the separable prefix does not separate in dependent clauses with the 
 verb final. ^ Omit "much." 
 
DEPENDENT C]LAUSES 33 
 
 18. The Horseshoe. 
 
 On ^ a hot summer day a peasant rode to ^ a distant 
 village to sell some horses. He had taken his little son 
 with him. After he had sold the horses he went home on ^ 
 foot. While he was walking along he saw a horseshoe 
 lying on the ground.^ " Look there," said he to his son, 5 
 "there lies a horseshoe ! Pick it up and take it homef." 
 " Oh," said the son, " that is not worth while, it is only an 
 old horseshoe." Then the father picked it up himself. ^ 
 When they came to the next village he sold it to the black- 
 smith and bought some cherries with the money. After 10 
 they had ^ walked a few miles the son became very thirsty. 
 But no houses were in sight, and therefore he could get 
 nothing to drink. He was walking behind his father very 
 tired and thirsty when he saw a cherry lying on the ground. 
 Quickly he picked it up and put it in his mouth. A little 15 
 further he saw another cherry "^ which he likewise picked up ^ 
 and ate. And so it went on until all the cherries were 
 eaten up. Then the father said to his son : " If you had ^ 
 picked up the horseshoe, you need not have picked up 
 all the cherries. "^^ ,20 
 
 19. Three Asses. 
 
 Three young students who thought themselves ^ very witty, 
 were taking a walk ^ one day in ^ the country, when they met 
 a serious-looking old pedler. Thinking* that they could 
 
 1 an. 2 jxad). ^ ^u. Say, on foot home. * (^^f 5gj. (5j.5e He gen. 
 
 ^ felbft. ^ Intransitive verbs denoting motion take fein. ^ noc^ 
 
 eine^trf^e. » Cf. 17, n. 4. 9 mood? 10 fo ptteft %vl ntd)t aU 
 bie ^irfd)en auf^uiCieben braud&en. 
 1 ftd^ f)alt^n fiir. 2 use f|)a5teren ge^en. ^ ^nl. * Say, as they 
 
 thought. 
 
34 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 make fun of him ^ the one said : " Good morning,^ father 
 Abraham!" But the old man said not a word. "Good 
 morning, father Isaac !" shouted the second student. As 
 the old man did not answer the third student called to "^ 
 5 him : " Good morning, father Jacob !" Then the old man 
 looked at them quietly and seriously and said : "I am 
 neither Abraham, nor Isaac, nor Jacob, but Saul, the son of 
 Kis, who went out to seek his father's asses, and behold ! ^ 
 here have I found them." 
 
 10 Another time ^ in the late autumn they saw an old peasant 
 with snow-white hair, who was sitting and resting quietly 
 by the roadside.^^ One of them asked him mockingly, 
 whether snow was lying ^^ on the mountains already. " It 
 looks like it,"^^ answered the old peasant, " as the cattle 
 
 15 have moved down^^ to ^^ the low-land." 
 
 20. The Merchant and his Donkey. 
 
 A merchant was once travelHng to ^ the market with his 
 
 donkey, upon whose back were two heavy bags of ^ salt. 
 
 As they crossed a brook on their way to ^ town the donkey 
 
 stumbled and fell into the water. Before he could rise 
 
 20 the salt dissolved, and when he finally had * risen he felt 
 
 5 to make fun of a man = fi^ iiber eitteii Tlanxi luftig ma^ 
 djm, or einen SJiann gum beften f)ahen. ^ (^nt^n 2)^orgen (ace 
 as it means: id) tr)iinfd)e ^^mn einen guten 93^orgen). "^ Use gu^ 
 rnfen. ^ (Sief)e! ^ din anbere§ Wal ^^ am SBege. 11 mood? 
 12 (g§ fie^t hana6) au^. i^ use ftc^ I)erunter==§iet|en with t)abcn, as 
 
 all reflexive verbs in German take t)aben as auxiliary, l* to with the 
 idea of motion towards a place is frequently nad). 
 
 iCf. 19, n. 14. 2 Omit the partitive ^. » Use article. * toaror 
 l^atte? Cf. 18. n. 6. 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 35 
 
 that his load had become much lighter. Because the salt 
 was spoilt the merchant went back and bought a new load. 
 Again they came to the brook. This time the donkey 
 stumbled on purpose, and again he rose with a light load. 
 But now the merchant saw that the donkey was playing him 5 
 a trick. He went again to the city and bought a load of 
 sponges, which he tied upon the donkey's back. When 
 they came to the brook this time the foolish animal again 
 stumbled and fell on purpose, although his load was a very 
 light one.^ The sponges rapidly filled ^ with water, so that 10 
 he could hardly rise. When he finally succeeded he had 
 to go many miles with his heavy load, and in addition to 
 that "^ his master ^ beat him because he walked too slowly. 
 
 21. The Shoemaker and the Physician. 
 
 The wife of a poor shoemaker was very ill. The hus- 
 band went to the only physician in the little town and said : 15 
 "My poor wife is very ill, I fear she will ^ not live long. 
 Cannot you come to my house as soon as ^ possible?" The 
 physician who was a hard-hearted and avaricious man, 
 replied : "If I am to ^ cure your wife I must perhaps visit 
 her every day. Have you the money to pay me ^ for my ser- 20 
 vices?" "I am only a poor man," answered the shoe- 
 maker, " but if you cure her I will pay you ^ every cent 
 you demand." " But if I cannot cure her," said the 
 physician, "what then?" "I shall pay you, whether you 
 
 5 Say, was very light. ^ Use the reflexive ; cf. 10, n. 8. ^ /^ 
 
 addition to that, no(f) \i^iVi. ^ §err (not SJieifter). 
 
 1 tuill or tDtrb? 2 fo Balb tote. ^ Use foEen. * Direct object, 
 hence ace. ^ Indirect object, hence dat. 
 
36 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 cure her, or kill her,'* cried the poor husband in despair. 
 
 , n^Then the physician was satisfied and treated the sick 
 
 woman for many weeks ^ But she gradually became worse 
 
 and died. The physician sent a heavy bill to the shoe- 
 
 5 maker, but it remained unpaid. After a few months he 
 
 went himself to his debtor and said : " Did you not promise 
 
 to pay me every cent?" "Did you cure my wife?" 
 
 asked the shoemaker. "That was impossible," answered 
 
 the physician. "Did you kill her?" "Certainly not," 
 
 lo replied the physician angrily. "If you neither cured nor 
 
 killed her"^ I owe you nothing," said the shoemaker, "for 
 
 I promised only to pay you if you either cured or killed 
 
 her." 
 
 22. Who shall Ride 2 
 
 A man was riding home on his donkey and his son was 
 rvsj}r^^^i$ walking alongside. On the way they met a man who said 
 ^j^ , to the father : " It is not right that you ride and let your 
 
 boy walk, you have stronger legs !" Tli^en the father got 
 down and let the boy ride. Soon, however, they met an- 
 other man who said to the son : " That is not right, boy, 
 20 that you ride and let your father walk, you have younger ^ . ^ 
 legs." Thereupon father and son both got on the donkey^ 
 and rode. They had ridden some distance when they met 
 a third man who said angrily : " What ^ cruelty is that ! 
 two strong fellows on a poor weak beast. You ought to 
 25 be ashamed of yourselves^ !" Then father and son got 
 down and went on ^ foot, one on the right * and the other 
 
 ^ t)iele SBod^eit lang. '^ Use fo to connect main with dependent 
 clause. 
 
 1 2Ba§ f iir eiiu 2 to be ashamed of oneself = fid^ f d^amen. ^ 5tt. 
 * bem efel gur 9terf)ten. 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 37 
 
 on the left of the donkey. A fourth man whom they met 
 said, however : " You are queer fellows 1 Would it not be ^ 
 easier if one of ^ you rode?" So the father tied the fore- 
 legs of the donkey together ^adrhis^son tied the hind- 
 legs, then they took a strong pole which they found near 5 
 the "^ road and thus they carried the animal home on their 
 shoulders. They tried to please everybody.^ 
 
 23. The Sorrows of an old Woman. ^ 
 
 There was once upon a time in a small village a preacher 
 who thought that he had ^ a very beautiful voice. He was 
 a good man and he sought to do good^ by touching^ 10 
 the hearts of his congregation by ^ his voice. One day he 
 had preached long and earnestly, and after the service he 
 stayed in the church a short time in order to rest. When 
 he was finally going out ^ he saw a poorly dressed old 
 woman who was sitting all alone in the empty church and 15 
 sobbing, as if her heart were breaking.^ The good man 
 went at once to her and said kindly : " My poor woman, 
 why do you weep so bitterly?" "Alas," said the old 
 woman, " I cannot tell you." When the preacher heard 
 this answer he thought that the poor woman was crying 20 
 because he had ^ touched her heart by his beautiful voice. 
 He was, however, a kind-hearted man and therefore he 
 thought to comfort her by the same means. But the^ more 
 
 5 Use preterite subj. ^ tj^n, 7 j^^i^^e beittt. ^ e§ jebeju red^tgu* 
 madden. 
 
 1 Subj. after verb of thinking, if the thought is expressed indirect- 
 ly. 2 ^ute§. ^ Form dep. clause introduced by inbettt. '^ by \n 
 the sense of " by means of " is burd^. ^ l^iltau^. ^ al§ ob S^X ba§ 
 §er5 brdd^e. ^ mood ? ^ jg^ introduces dep. clause. 
 
38 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 he spoke to her the ^ more she wept. At last she cried 
 out : " Stop, kind Sir ! or else my heart will break. For 
 many years^^ I had an ass, a good faithful animal, which 
 carried my vegetables to market and helped me to earn my 
 5 living'^^ But he died a few days ago. Whenever I hear 
 your voice, it reminds me of ^^ the voice of my ass, and 
 it almost breaks my heart.'* 
 
 24. Eannityerstan. 
 
 tX 
 
 ■^ 
 
 A poor young journeyman came once to ^ Amsterdam to 
 seek work. In his native village in Germany he had 
 
 10 always been happy and contented, because there all the 
 people were about ^ as poor as ^ he and all had ^ to work 
 hard to earn a living.^ But in Amsterdam everything was 
 different.^ There were so many magnificent houses and ',' 
 rich people that he became discontented with his lot. While 
 
 10 he was wandering in one of the finest streets of the town, 
 he saw a house which was larger and more magnificent than'' 
 the others. "What a ^ beautiful house," thought he " the 
 windows are bigger than the doors in our village, and it 
 has six chimneys. Oh, why should one man have such a ^ 
 
 15 house and so many have none^*^?" Then he said in^^ Ger- 
 man to a man who was passing by : " Can you tell me. Sir, 
 whose house that is?". " Kannitverstan," said the man 
 who seemed to be in a hurry. " Kanniverstan," repeated 
 the German, " Oh, what a rich man Kannitverstan must ? 
 
 9 befto. 10 SBiele Sa^re lang. " mein S3rob. 12 ^n (ace). 
 1 Cf. 19, n. 14. 2 ungcfa^r. ^ ebenfo arm ttJte. ■* Cf. i, n. 13, 
 6 The inf. with gu and its object is best placed after the finite verb in 
 
 dep. clause. 6 auberS. ^ aI0. ^ cf. 22, n. i. » fold^ eiiu 10 fei* 
 neg. 11 auf. 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 39 
 
 be!'* Now the German could not understand Dutch, 
 and the Dutchman could not understand German and thus 
 a misunderstanding had arisen. For " kan nit verstan" is 
 Dutch and means : " I cannot understand." 
 
 25. Kannitverstan (continued). 
 
 Discontented with the world and himself the young man 5 
 wandered on. ^ At last he came to the harbor, where hun- 
 dreds of ships lay from all parts of the world. As he had 
 never seen a ship before he was very astonished and 
 thought : "How rich those people must be to whom these 
 ships belong." But one ship especially drew his atten- 10 
 tion. It was a full-rigged ship ^ which had just returned 
 from thje^ East Indies and was being unloaded. The 
 journeymlfj;! looked at the bales, cases and casks which were 
 being taken but of the ship, and the ^ more he looked ^ the 
 more he woiidered and thought to himself:^ " I should like 15 
 to ^ know to whom this ship and all these riches belong." 
 At last he asked a workman who was carrying a case from 
 the ship, to whom the ship and the goods belonged ? But 
 because the case was heavy and the workman not very 
 polite, the only answer ^ he received was : " Kannitverstan." 20 
 But this was enough for our German. " If a man has such 
 a ship which brings him such goods," said he to himself,^ 
 " then it is no wonder that he has such a magnificent 
 house. Oh ! why is one man so rich and so many so 
 poor?" 25 
 
 1 toeiter. 2 SSoHfd^tff, n. 3 Omit article. * Cf. 23, n. 8. 5 Use 
 §U=f el^en, which conveys the idea of " to look on". ^ j^^f ^^^^ 7 Q^jj 
 Tnod)te. ^ Supply the rel. pron., which cannot be omitted in Ger- 
 man. 9 5UftC^. 
 
40 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 26. Kannityerstan (conclusion). 
 
 Thinking ^ sadly over this matter he began to walk slowly 
 back to the humble tavern where he was stopping ^ and 
 where they ^ spoke German. After he had walked some 
 distance he saw a funeral procession which was coming 
 
 5 slowly down the street.* The hearse was drawn by four 
 black horses and dozens of carriages followed. Most of 
 the people on the street stood still and took off their hats^ 
 as the hearse passed, and so the honest German did the 
 same. He had never seen such a funeral-procession and he 
 
 10 said to himself : " That must be a prince or a very rich 
 man whom they are burying." " Excuse me," he said 
 turning to ^ a man who was standing at his side,"^ " can you 
 tell me whose funeral this is?" But the Dutchman only 
 stared at ^ him and said: " Kannitverstan." ."Oh! Kan- 
 
 15 nitverstan's funeral !" said the poor journeyman, and half 
 sadly, half joyfully he went on his way.^ And whenever in 
 life he felt ^^ dissatisfied because so many people were rich 
 and he was so poor, he had^^ only to think of ^^ the rich 
 Dutchman Kannitverstan, of his magnificent house, his fine 
 
 20 ship, of his cases and bales and barrels from India, of his 
 funeral and of his narrow grave. 
 
 1 Use nod)*benfen iiber (ace.) and translate the participial con- 
 struction by a dep. clause introduced by inbem or ttJal^renb. ^ tOO er 
 ab geftiegcn tuar. ^ man, or use passive. ^ bie ©trage l^erab. ^ ben 
 
 §nt, the German singular expressing that each one had one hat. 
 
 * an (ace). ^ an fciner (Seite, or i^m gur ©eitc. ^ onftarren, with 
 ace. 9 feineg SBege§ (adv. gen.). ^^ Use reflexive. " fo braud^te 
 er. 12 0JI (ace). 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 41 
 
 27. The wise Judge. 
 
 A rich man in the East ^ had lost a considerable sum of 
 money^ which was sewn up ^ in a cloth. He immediately 
 made his lost known ^ and offered a^ hundred gold-pieces 
 to the person who should find and return it to him. Very 
 soon an honest man came to him and said : " I have found 5 
 your money, this is probably it. ^ Therefore take back your 
 property." Although the rich man was very glad to have 
 his money again, y et he wanted to defraud the honest 
 finder of his promised reward. He therefore opened the 
 cloth and counted the money. Then he said : " My friend, 10 
 there were "^ eight hundred gold-pieces sewn up in the cloth, 
 but now I find only seven hundred. I suppose you have 
 opened a seam and taken out your reward. That was quite 
 right, and I thank you^ for bringing^ me back the rest." 
 The other man, however, asserted that he had not touched 15 
 the money and of course demanded-^^ his reward. As 
 neither of them^^ would give in^^ they finally went to the 
 judge. After the latter had heard the statement of each 
 one^^ he said : " I shall assume that both of you^^ speak the 
 truth. A cloth with eight hundred gold-pieces has been 20 
 lost, one with seven hundred has been found. Therefore 
 they cannot be the same. So the finder must keep the 
 money until the person comes who lost seven hundred 
 gold-pieces, and the man who lost eight hundred must wait 
 patiently till somebody finds a cloth with that amount." 25 
 
 1 im ajlorgenlanbe. 2 ^erbfumme, /. ^ eingena^t. * befannt. 
 6 Omit a. 6 bieg tDtrb e§ tt)oI)I fein. ^ ($g tt)aren. » case ? ^ Say, 
 that you have brought. 10 t)erlangte er. 11 Reiner t)on beiben. 
 12 narf)= geben. i^ ^j^gg jeben. 1* beibe t)on "^^ntxi. 
 
42 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 28. Letter of a German Schoolboy. 
 
 Halle, Oct. i4th,^ 1900. 
 Kgl. Paedagogium, Franke'sche Stiftungen. 
 My Dear Mother, 
 
 I have passed my examination successfully and have 
 
 . 5 been admitted to "Obertertia".^ The teacher who ex- 
 amined me asked me from what school I came^ and told 
 me that I had only made two mistakes. We were ^ ex- 
 amined in Latin,^ Greek and French, but not in Mathe- 
 matics, of which ^ I was very glad. Please send me the 
 
 10 twenty marks which father promised me as a "^ reward. We 
 have here a beautiful large garden which is called ^ the 
 " Plantage", with a bowHng-alley and gymnastic apparatus. 
 The Primaner and Sekundaner are allowed to^ smoke in 
 this garden, but not in their rooms. Adjoining the Plantage 
 
 15 is^^ another ^^ large garden, called the "Feldgarten." There 
 we have our instruction in gymnastics three times a week,^^ 
 but otherwise only the little boys play there. For^^ break- 
 fast we only get coffee, a roll and a small piece of butter, 
 for supper only soup and bread and butter,^* for dinner 
 
 20 soup, meat, potatoes and vegetables, Sundays also cake. 
 The Primaner help themselves^^ first, then the Sekundaner, 
 so that we Tertianer have sometimes very little to eat. 
 Most of the boys have boxes sent to them^^ from home," 
 with bread, butter, sausage, ham, cake, chocolate and other 
 
 25 good things. Please send me also such a box. 
 
 1 Cf. 12, n. I. 2 {,iix ij; ^ie jDbertertia aufgenommen toorben. 
 8 Mood? 4 Use njcrben. ^ im £ateimfd)en. .^ tooriiber. ^ jur. 
 8 l^eigt. » biirfen. ^^ ^^^ ^[^ plantage grengt. " nod^ eiiu 12 \^i^\ 
 mal bic SKod^e. ^^ ^mj^, u sgutterbrob, n. is bebienen [id^. 
 i« laffen fid^ ♦ . . fd^idfen. " t3on 5U §aufe. 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 43 
 
 29. Letter of a German Schoolboy (conclusion). 
 Sundays from two to^ five we are allowed to go into 
 town, also Wednesdays and Saturdays. But if a boy has 
 not learnt his lesson his name is entered in the class-book.^ 
 If this happens once during the week he gets ** Hausarrest" 
 on Sunday, which means^ he may go into the "Plantage" 5 
 but not into town, but if twice, he gets " Stubenarrest," 
 which means he must remain all day Sunday^ in his room, 
 if three times, he gets " Career,"^ and whoever gets Career 
 three times in a term is dropped.^ On Wednesday and ^ 
 Saturday afternoons we all go bathing."^ Every new boy 10 
 who can swim must swim fifteen minutes in the river, or 
 practice till he^ can. If a boy cannot swim he must take 
 lessons. I swam twenty minutes. In the morning^ we are 
 called^*^ at a quarter to five, at half past five we have to be 
 at^^ our desks and study till half past six. At half past six 15 
 i/we breakfast, from seven to eleven we have school and 
 from eleven to twelve study period, in which, however, we 
 may read. At twelve is dinner, from twelve to two we may 
 go into the Plantage, from two to four school, from four to 
 five recess, five to seven is study period and at seven supper. 20 
 In summer we have from seven to nine free, in winter from 
 seven to eight. At nine the lower classes have to go to 
 bed, the upper classes at ten. But now I have written enough. 
 Give my love to father^^ and don't forget to send me a box 
 of things to eat.^^ 25 
 
 Ever your loving son^* Fritz. 
 
 1 bi§. 2 ^1^.5 g^. ii^g ^laff enbud^ gefd)rieben. ^ ^^a^ l^eigt * ben 
 ganjen ©onntag. ^ Career is the Latin word used for the school- 
 prison. 6 tt)ttt) f ortgejagt. "^ Use infin. 8 Supply e§. 9 9JJorgen§. 10 Use 
 toetfen with hjcrben. ^ an. ^ ^riige SBater. i^ (ggfa^en. 1* Cf. 
 i5»n. 15. 
 
44 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 30. The Right Eye or the Left? 
 
 A farmer whose horse had been stolen a few days before, 
 went to the horsefair to buy another one.^ When he was 
 looking at^ the horses which were for sale,^ he recognised 
 his stolen horse amongst* them. " That's my horse which 
 
 5 some^ rascal stole !'^ cried he seizing^ the horse by the 
 bridle. The man who had this horse for sale, said politely : 
 " You are mistaken, I think^ ; when did you lose 
 your horse?" " Three days ago," said the farmer. "Then 
 it cannot be your horse," said the man, "for I have had 
 
 10 this horse for^ two years." The farmer held his hands 
 quickly over the horse's eyes and exclaimed : " Well, if you 
 have had the horse so long then tell me, in^ which eye is it 
 blind?" Now the other man had really stolen the horse and 
 in his confusion he quickly said : "In the left." " No," 
 
 15 said the farmer, " that was a bad guess,^^ the horse is not 
 blind in the left eye." " That was a slip of the tongue,^^ 
 cried the thief, " the horse is blind in the right eye." Then 
 the farmer took his hands off the horse's eyes and said : 
 " Now it is clear that you are a thief and a liar, for the 
 
 20 horse is not blind at all."^^ Thus the farmer got back his 
 horse and the thief received his deserved punishment. 
 
 1 ein anbereg. 2 use \id) an^fe^en. ^ jum ^erfauf. * unter. 
 
 ^ irgenb ein. ^ Place present participle final or form a dependent 
 clause with inbettt. ' glaube id^. ^ feit. ^ auf. ^^ Say, that was 
 badly guessed, n gd) t)ahe mirf) t)erfprod)en. There are several re- 
 flexive verbs with prefix t)er which denote a mistake made in the ac- 
 tion expressed by the verb, thus fic^ tjerprett = to misunderstand. 
 12 garnirf)t. 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 45 
 
 31. A Threat. 
 
 Two drivers met^ in a narrow street where the one could 
 not easily make room for the other.^ " Drive out of my 
 way !"^ cried the one. " No, you drive^ out of my way !'* 
 cried the other. " I won't," said the one. "And I won't 
 either,"^ said the other, and as neither of them^ wanted to 5 
 make room a violent quarrel arose, in which very many un- 
 necessary words were used. At last one of them said : 
 " Listen,"^ now I ask you for the^ last time, will you drive 
 out of my way or not? If you won't I shall do to you^ what 
 I did once to a fellow who would not get out of my way." 10 
 This threat frightened the other driver. " Well," said he, 
 " then help me at least^^ push your wagon aside, otherwise 
 I shall not have room to turn out."^^ The other gladly did 
 this and in a few minutes the cause of the quarrel was 
 removed. Before they parted the one who had turned out 15 
 said to the other : "I say,^^ you threatened you would do 
 the same to me that you did to another fellow who would 
 not get out of your way. Now, tell me, what did you do to 
 him?" "Well, the rude fellow would not drive out of my 
 way, so I drove out of his way." 20 
 
 82. The Feasant and his Son. 
 
 A peasant boy had been away from home^ a few months 
 and came back with the bad habit of lying^ about what^ 
 
 1 Use fid) begegnen. ^ ^em anberen ^ra| madden, ^ fa^ren ©ie 
 tnir auS bem 2Beg. * Imperative. & an6) nidit. ^ cf, 27, n. n. 
 ' §oren ©ie mat. ^ for the = §um. ^ tnit Jj^nen tnac^em ^^ tDe=^ 
 nigftenS. ^^ auggutoeid^en. i^ (gagen 6ie ntal, or §oren ©ie tnaf. 
 
 1 t)On §OUfe. 2 Use infin. with §U. ^ jx^^y- ^^g ^^^^ 
 
46 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 he had seen. One day he was going with his father to a 
 distant village and on seeing* a big dog he told his father 
 that he had^ seen a dog which was bigger than his father's 
 biggest horse. The father told him that that was indeed 
 5 very wonderful, but that there were many wonderful things 
 in this world. For instance, they themselves were now 
 coming to a wonderful bridge, on which lay a stone, and 
 everybody who had lied that day knocked against the stone 
 and broke his leg. This frightened the poor boy and he 
 
 10 told his father that perhaps he had been mistaken,^ the dog 
 was only as large as an ox. As they came nearer to the 
 bridge"^ the boy seemed to become still uneasier and told his 
 father that the dog was anyway as big as a calf. But now 
 the bridge was in sight and the father walked quietly to- 
 
 15 wards it^ but said not a word. When they reached the 
 bridge the boy caught hold of his father's arm^ and cried : 
 "O father, listen ! do not walk so fast ! How can you be- 
 lieve that I ever saw such a dog ! The dog was of course 
 as big — as all dogs are." 
 
 83« The travelling Scholar in Paradise. 
 
 20 Many stories are^ told of the travelling scholar in the 
 middle ages. One of the best known has been used as a^ 
 farce by Hans Sachs, a German poet of the sixteenth cen- 
 tury. This story runs as follows^ : A travelling scholar 
 comes to a peasant's wife whose husband is working in* the 
 
 25 fields, and begs. He tells her that he had travelled far 
 
 * Say, when he saw. ^ Remember to use subj. mood for indirect 
 discourse I « Use ftd^ trren. "^ ber S3riiclc nd^er. ^ auf fie p» * to 
 catch hold of somebody's arm = jetnanben beint Slmte ergreifen. 
 
 1 luerbcn. 2 omit article. ^ (autct tt)ic folgt. * ouf. 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 47 
 
 and had also been in Paris. The good woman believes 
 everything that the scholar tells her and not having heard^ 
 of Paris she thinks he means Paradise. As her first hus- 
 band was dead she asks the scholar if he had seen him in 
 Paradise. ** Oh yes,'' says the scholar, noticing® the mis- 5 
 take, and the woman asks: "How is the dear man?''*^ 
 "Well," says the scholar, "he is cold,^ for he has no clothes 
 to wear. You sent him there^ in a shroud, and that is all 
 that he has. Other wives care better for their husbands and 
 send them there in their best clothes." The poor woman is 10 
 deeply grieved to hear this and in her simplicity she asks the 
 scholar if he is going back to Paradise. " Oh yes," says the 
 rascal, " I am just on the way there." Then the woman begs 
 him to wait a minute, runs into the house, fetches her second 
 husband's best clothes and all the money^^ she can find, 15 
 makes a bundle of it^^ and begs the scholar to take^^ it to her 
 late^^ husband. The scholar promises gladly to do so^^ and 
 hurries off. 
 
 34. Tlie trayellin^ Scholar in Paradise (conclusion). 
 Soon the second husband comes home to dinner^ and 
 she tells him what she has done. He perceives her 20 
 stupidity, but being^ a man of few words, says^ nothing, 
 saddles his horse and rides as fast as he can after the 
 student.^ The latter sees him coming,^ hides his student's 
 cap® and mantle and likewise the bundle which the woman 
 had given him, in the bushes and sits down near a swamp. 25 
 
 s Say, because she had not heard. ^ g^y, who noticed. "^ SSte 
 gel^t'§ bem lieben SO^ann. ^ e§ friert i^n* ^ bai)tn. 10 Supply rel. 
 pron. 11 barau§. ^^ use bringen. i^ feHg, 1* e§. 
 
 1 sum @ff en. ^ cf . 33, n. 5. 3 Repeat pronoun. * beiu ©tuben* 
 
 ten nad^. ^ Use infin. ^ Form compound noun. 
 
/ 
 
 48 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 The peasant comes up"^ and shouts : " Have you seen a 
 travelHng scholar with a bundle?" "Certainly," was the 
 answer, " he just ran across this swamp as if the dogs were 
 after him.^ If you want to catch him you had better leave^ 
 
 5 your horse here ; you can't ride across the swamp." The 
 peasant takes his advice, ties his horse to^^ a tree and begs 
 the scholar to keep his eye on the horse^^ till he comes 
 back. This the scholar promises to do. The peasant runs 
 across the swamp as fast as he can through mud and water. 
 
 10 As soon as he is some way off ^^ the scholar fetches hat, 
 mantle and bundle, jumps on the horse and rides off — to 
 Paradise. When the peasant, tired, wet and angry, finally 
 comes back to fetch his horse, he finds that the animal has 
 also gone — to Paradise. So he has to walk home to his 
 
 15 wife, and neither^^ can reproach the other for credulity. 
 
 35. The Prussian Dodge. 
 
 Frederick the Great was very fond of hearing what the 
 common soldiers thought oP him and for that reason often 
 frequented^ in disguise the taverns where his soldiers 
 caroused. One day he went into a tavern and sat down 
 20 at^ a table at which^ an old soldier was sitting, and very 
 soon the king and the soldier were chatting Hke old com- 
 rades, for both had been in many a battle together. The 
 soldier insisted on* paying for everything and the king 
 
 ■^ :^eran. ^ l^tnter i^m f)ex. ^ lag lieBer. ^^ qji^ case ? 11 m6) 
 bent ^ferbe gu fe^en. ^ eine ©trede toeit ttjeg. ^^ feineg ton 
 SBeiben. 
 
 1 t)On. 2 Say, frequented he often. » an. Case ? * Beftanb bar* 
 auf , followed by inf. with §U. 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 49 
 
 noticed that the old fellow had money, although it was not 
 pay-day. "How is it,^ comrade," said the king, "that you 
 can make your money last so long? It's little enough^ we 
 poor soldiers get." "That's easy enough if you know the 
 Prussian dodge," was the answer. " The Prussian dodge," 5 
 repeated the king, "what's that?" "You an old soldier 
 and don't even"^ know that? It's simple enough. Sell or 
 pawn everything that you don't need. To-day, for instance, 
 I sold^ my sword and made myself ^ a wooden one ; that's 
 good enough in times of peace,"^^ and with a sly expres- 10 
 sion the old fellow drew his sword and showed the aston- 
 ished king a wooden one. 
 
 36. The Prussian Dod^e (conclusion). 
 
 A few days later the king was reviewing his troops and 
 jiding down the ranks^ he recognised his old acquaintance 
 with the wooden sword. He immediately got off his horse,^ 15 
 walked up to the man^ and to the horror of the surrounding 
 officers said to him : "Draw your sword and cut off my 
 head !'* ^"Your majesty,"^ said the trembling soldier, " how 
 can I commit such a crime?" " Your first duty is obedience^ 
 to your king," shouted Frederick with an"^ angry voice, 20 
 "draw your sword 1" Then the poor old fellow lifted his 
 eyes to^ Heaven and with a trembling voice exclaimed: " I 
 obey ! But may Heaven change my steel sword to^ a wooden 
 
 5 SSie fommt eg. ^ Supply tt)ag. ^ nid^t etntnal. ^ Cf. 14, n. 5. 
 9 ntir. i<^ in griebenl^eiten. 
 
 1 aB er bie 9ftei:^en ^inab ritt. ^ tjom ^ferbe ab^^fteigen. ^ ^-^^ 
 \ityi aj^ann p. * mir \iz\i ^o|)t. ^ (Sure $D^ajeftdt. ^ Supply art. 
 
 ^ Omit art. 8 Supply art. (gUttl). ^ Xtl (ace). 
 
50 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 one when I draw it to strike my king !" Thereupon he 
 drew his sword and it was a wooden one. With a hearty 
 laugh the king mounted his horse and rode on. 
 
 Another time at^'^ a review the king asked a soldier who 
 had a deep scar on his face : ** Friend, in what tavern did 
 you get that scar?" " At Kolin," was the quick reply, 
 "where your majesty payed the bill," an allusion to" the 
 defeat which Frederick the Great suffered in that batde. 
 
 37. George Stephenson. 
 
 George Stephenson, to whom we owe the invention of 
 10 the locomotive, was^ born in the year 1781, in a little 
 village in the neighborhood of Newcastle. His father, a 
 workman in a coal-mine, was known in his village by^ the 
 name of^ "Old Bob." Young^ George led [the ordinary 
 life of a poor village boy ; he helped his mother, brought his 
 15 father the dinner and so on.^ When he was older he 
 tended the cows of a widow in the village, for which he 
 received two pence a day.^ But the boy's greatest pleasure 
 was to make small machines out of clay, such as"^ he had 
 noticed in the mine where his father worked. Later on^ 
 20 he helped his father, and at the® age of fourteen he became 
 a^^ stoker. Already at" that time various experiments had 
 been made to invent means for the quicker transportation 
 of the heavily laden coal-trucks, but without any practical 
 result. George had heard of it and he determined to build 
 
 10 bet. " auf (ace). 
 
 1 nJUrbe. 2 mxter (dat.). » Omit. * Adj. before proper name 
 hence supply def. art. ^ unb fo iDetter. ^ belt Xag. ' such as == 
 tDie. 8 ©pdterl^iit. » im. 10 Omit, n 5U. 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 51 
 
 a wagon driven by steam.^^ He really succeeded in build- 
 ings^ a machine which moved along ponderously and with^* 
 a terrible noise four to five miles an hour. But the fol- 
 lowing year he built a better one. 
 
 38. The Death of Captain Cook. ^ 
 
 Captain Cook was one of the most famous navigators, 5 
 not only of England, but also of the whole world. He was 
 the son of a farm-labourer and was born in the year 1728, * 
 in the county of^ Yorkshire. Up to his thirtieth year he 
 was a common sailor. But at last his talent as a^ naviga- 
 tor was recognised and on the 30th July, in the year 1768, 10 
 he sailed on a voyage of discovery as captain of the ship 
 "Endeavor." Through the many discoveries which he 
 made on his three voyages around the world his name has 
 become immortal. From his third voyage Cook never 
 returned to the great grief of all who knew him. 15 
 
 When his ship was lying at anchor off^ one of the Sand- 
 wich Islands he went ashore with only a few sailors in 
 order to force the natives to return some articles which 
 they had stolen from his ship. The natives separated him 
 by^ treachery from his men^ and then attacked him from 20 
 behind.^ One of them struck him on the head with a 
 club, another stabbed him in the neck. His lifeless body 
 was then mutilated in"^ the most shameful manner. Thus 
 perished the man to whom England owes so many of her 
 colonies in the Pacific Ocean. 25 
 
 12 For construction c£. 11, n. i. 13 infin. with gu. 1* Ultter (dat.). 
 1 Omit. 2 Omit indef. art. 8 xj^ ^^t S^a^e. * burd^. ^ fieute. 
 
 « tjon l^inten. "^ auf (ace). 
 
52 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 39. The three Rings. ^ 
 
 In olden times there^ lived a man in the East who pos- 
 sessed a ring of inestimable value. The stone was an opal 
 which reflected a^ hundred beautiful colors, and this ring 
 had the secret power of making^ its owner beloved by^ his 
 
 5 fellowmen, if he wore it in full belief in^ this power. 
 
 No wonder then that the man in the East always wore 
 it and prized it so highly that he wished to retain it in his 
 
 . family forever. 
 
 Therefore he bequeathed the ring to the son whom he 
 
 10 loved best, with the condition that the son should do the 
 same, and that the owner should be the head^ of the 
 family in virtue of the ring, whether he be the eldest or not. 
 Thus the ring passed"^ from father to son,^ from generation 
 to generation, until it came into the hands of a father of 
 
 15 three sons, who were all three equally obedient to their 
 father^ and whom he conseqently loved equally well.^° 
 Only whenever he was alone with one and the other two 
 not present, that son seemed to him to be worthier of the 
 ring, and thus in moments of weakness^^ he promised each 
 
 20 son the ring. 
 
 40. The three Rings (continued). 
 When he felt, however, that deathi was approaching it 
 pained him deeply that he could only leave^ the ring to 
 
 1 Omit. 2 Omit. 8 jjge infin. with §U. * beliebt bet; bet has 
 here the meaning "amongst." ^ an (ace). ^ ba§ §aupt. "^ gtltg — 
 iiber. « tj^ni $8ater auf ben ©ol^n. ^ piacedat. before adj. 10 fel^r, 
 11 Use gen. with def. art. 
 
 1 Supply def. article. 2 i^interlaffen. 
 
DEPENDENT CLAUSES 53 
 
 one son, and thus had deceived the other two who had 
 depended on his promise. So he secretly sent for^ a skil- 
 ful goldsmith and ordered him to make two other rings 
 exactly like the magic-ring, and bade him spare neither 
 trouble nor expense. The goldsmith succeeded so well 5 
 that, when he brought the rings, the father himself could 
 not distinguish them from the genuine one. Joyfully he 
 had each son come alone to him,^ gave him his blessing and 
 a ring — and then he died. 
 
 But hardly was the father dead before^ each son wanted 10 
 to be the head of the family in virtue of the ring. In vain 
 they examined the rings in order to find the true one ; 
 none of the three sons could prove that he had^ it, the 
 rings were all alike.'' Then they quarrelled and finally 
 went to a wise judge. Each one^ swore to the judge that 15 
 he had^ received the ring from his father, that his father 
 had loved him and therefore could not have deceived 
 him,^° and however much he^^ was ready to believe only the 
 best about ^^ his brothers, yet rather than even^^ suspect his 
 loving father, he must accuse them of fraud. ^ 2c 
 
 41. The three Bings (conclusion). 
 
 The wise judge spoke : " Do you think I am here to 
 solve riddles? All three rings are alike ; how can I tell^ the 
 difference ? But wait ! The genuine ring possesses the 
 magic charm of making the owner beloved by his fellow- 
 
 3 nad|. 4 su fi(^. ^ ^\9,^ e Subj. ^ ft(^ ^^e gj^t^^ s (gtn 
 jeber. ^ Mood? 10 ba^er i^n nid^t betrogen f)aben fonne. ^^ tote 
 
 fe^r er aud). 12 jj^n^ 13 ^^^ n^.^ 14 Supply article. 
 
 1 erfennen. 
 
54 GERMAN COMPOSITION 
 
 men. That must decide, for the other rings cannot do 
 that. Well, whom do two of you love most? You are 
 silent? Then each one loves only himself most, but not his 
 brothers? Oh, then you are all three deceived. None of 
 
 5 you have^ the right ring. The true ring was probably lost^ 
 and to hide the loss your father had three rings made. I 
 cannot pass judgment."* But if you want my advice in- 
 stead of a judgment, then listen ! Let each one^ think^ his 
 ring the true one.^' For perhaps your father really loved 
 
 10 you all equally well and did not wish to favour one at the 
 expense of the others. Then let each one strive to make 
 himself beloved by his fellow men and thus prove that he 
 has the genuine ring. And when the rings have passed 
 through the hands of many generations perhaps^Si^aT wiser 
 
 15 judge than I will be able to decide who has the true 
 ring." 
 
 2 Reiner t)on eucEi t)at. ^ ging . . . t)erIoren. * Say, I can pass 
 no judgment. ^ q^lsq ? ^ j^alteu f iir. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
EXPLANATIONS 
 
 The abbreviations employed are as follows : 
 
 ace. = accusative. intrs. = intransitive. 
 
 adj. = adjective. tn. = masculine. 
 
 adv. = adverb. n. = neuter. 
 
 comp. == comparative. //. = plural. 
 
 conj. = conjunction. Prep. = preposition. 
 
 dat. = dative. f. = verb takes as auxiliary fetlt. 
 f. = feminine. sub. conj. = subordinating conjunction. 
 
 gen. = genitive. trs. = transitive. 
 inf. = infinitive. 
 
 A dash ( — ) indicates the repetition of the title word. 
 
 The genitive of nouns is indicated when it differs from the nominative, the 
 plural is indicated whenever the noun has one. Thus: ©atf, m. -e§, ^t = masculine 
 gender; genitive singular, (Sa(Ie§; nominative plural, (Sfldc. 
 
 The principal parts of the strong and irregular verbs are given, unless they occur very 
 frequently in compounds. 
 
 Verbs which take f ein as auxiliary are marked f. ; those taking f ein or ^oben are 
 marked f. or !^. 
 
 Separable compounds are indicated by hyphen (=) ; inseparables are written as 
 one word. 
 
 Only the meanings which occur in the text are given. 
 
VOCABULARY. 
 
 a, an, ein ; not — , f ein, 
 
 able, be — , !5nnen, fonnte, ge* 
 
 foniit 
 about, /fi?/., 11111 {ace) ; adv., Uttl* 
 
 ]^er; (nearly) uttgefd^r; be — 
 
 to, im S3egriffe fein §u. 
 above, iiber {ace, or dat. ). 
 accuse, an=!tagen, be)(^ulbigen, 
 
 {oi^gen.). 
 acquaintance (an), ein SBefann* 
 
 itXf m., inlets like an adj. 
 across, iiber {ace. or dat.), 
 advice, Siat, m, -e§ ; to take — , 
 
 9iat an==ne^men, 
 advise, raten, riet, geraten {dat. 
 
 pers.), 
 affair, <B(x^t,f. -n. 
 after, prep.^ nad^ {dat.) ; sub, conj,, 
 
 nac^bem; adv., na(f)l^er, barauf* 
 afternoon, S^larfintittag, m. -§, -e, 
 afterwards, nad^l^er* 
 again, tote bet, nod)maB. 
 against, gegett (d5<:^.)» 
 age, filter, n. -§, 
 ago, t)or {dat.) I a year ago = 
 
 bor einem g^^r. 
 alas! ac^! 
 alike, gletd^* 
 all, adj., a\i) (whole) gang; not 
 
 . . . at all, gar nirf)t 
 
 alley, (S5affe,/-n. 
 
 allowed, be—, biirfen, burfte, ge* 
 
 burft. 
 allusion, 5lnf:pielung,/. -en, (to, 
 
 anf, ace.), 
 alone, aUein, all — , gang aEein. 
 along, enttang {after noun)\ to 
 
 walk — , entlang=gef)en. 
 alongside, an bcr ^txit, \i^x^t\it\\, 
 already, j(^on. 
 also, and^, 
 
 although, obgleic^ {sub. conj.), 
 altogether, uber§au|)t 
 always, immer, 
 
 American, 5lmeri!aner, /«.-§,—, 
 among, unter {dat. or ace). 
 amount, (Snmme,/ -n, 
 anchor, %x\XtX, m, -%, — ; at — , 
 
 bor 5ln!er» 
 and, unb. 
 
 angry, gomig, bofe, 
 animal, Xier, /«., -e^, -e. 
 another, ein anberer, no(^ ein; 
 
 one — , einanber. 
 answer, ^IntlDort,/., -en« 
 answer, to — , anttoorten. 
 any, irgenb ein ; not — , fein, 
 anything, irgenb ettoa^; not — , 
 
 nid^t§, 
 anyway, JebenfaU^^ 
 appear, erfd^eincn, erfifiien, er* 
 
 fc^ienen^ f* 
 
 57 
 
58 
 
 VOCABUL.ARY 
 
 approach, ftc^ nal^en, ftd^ na^ern. 
 arise, entfte^en, entftanb, entftan= 
 
 ben, f, 
 around, nm (ace) ; adv.,'i)exnm. 
 arrive, an=!ommen, !atn an, ange^ 
 
 fontmen, {♦ (at, in, dat.). 
 article, (Ba(i)e,/. -n. 
 as, tote; (time) al§; (cause) hd] 
 
 as . . . as, fo ♦ ♦ . tt)ie ; — if, ai^ 
 
 ob, al§ toenn; — soon as, fobatb 
 
 toie, 
 ashamed, to be — , fid) f(i)amen. 
 ashore, (motion) an'§ Sanb* 
 aside, ^t\ ©eite* 
 ask, (question) fragen; (request) 
 
 bitten, bat, gebeten ; — for, bitten 
 
 um (acc>), 
 ass, (Sfel, m. -§, — , 
 assert, be^aupten* 
 assume, an=ne^men, na{)m an, 
 
 angenontnten. 
 astonished, erftaunt (at, iiber, 
 
 ace). 
 astonishment, ©rftaunen, n. -§, 
 at, (town) in (dat.)\ (time) unt 
 
 (ace.) ; — home, §U §anfe; — 
 
 the side, an ber ©eite, 
 attack, an=greifen, griff an, ange» 
 
 griffen. 
 attention, 5Iuf nter!fam!eit,/. -en. 
 attentive, aufmerffant, 
 author, ©d^riftfteEer, m. -§, — . 
 autumn, §erbft/ m. -e§, -e; late 
 
 — , ©pdt^erbft, m. -e§, -e. 
 avaricious, gelbgierig* 
 away, rtjeg, fort, batjon. 
 awful, f(i)redflid|. 
 
 B. 
 
 back, adv. guritcf; the -— , ber 
 
 Sftiirfen, /«.-§, — ; to go — , gn* 
 
 riicE^fel^ren, f. 
 bad, f(^Ied)t, fc^Iintnt. 
 bag, ©atf, m. -e§, -^e. 
 bale, $8aEen, m. -§, — . 
 bank, Ufer, n. -§, — » 
 barn, ©(f)enne,/. -n. 
 bathe, baben» 
 battle, (5rf)ra(^t,/. -en. 
 beast, Slier, n. -e^, -e. 
 beautiful, pbfd^, fd)on. 
 because, njeil (sub. conj.). 
 become, ttJerben, tonrbe, gettjor* 
 
 ben, f. 
 bed, '^tii, n. -e§, -en. 
 before, prep., tior (dat. or ace); 
 
 Slid, conj., t^t, bet)or; adv., t)or^ 
 
 ^er, gnt)or. 
 beg, bettein; (request) bitten 
 
 (for, nm, ^^c.)- 
 beggar, $8ettler, m. -§, — . 
 begin, an=fangen, fing an, ange* 
 
 fangen. 
 
 behind, l^inter (dat. or ace.) ; adv, 
 
 ^interl^er. 
 belief, ^laube, m. -n§, -n; — in, 
 
 ©lanbe an (ace). 
 believe, glanben. 
 belong, gepren. 
 beloved, beliebt. 
 bequeath, tjerntod^en. 
 better, beffer; you had — do it, 
 
 t^un (Sie e§ lieber. 
 bid, ^eigen, l^ieg, gel^eifeen, (takes 
 
 double ace). 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 59 
 
 big, grog {comp., groger, super., 
 
 grofet). 
 bill, 9ted)nung,/-en; (for drinks) 
 
 Qedie,/. -n, 
 bitterly, bitterlid), 
 black, fdjtoar^, 
 
 blacksmith, (Sd)mieb, /«. -e§, -e. 
 blessing, ©egen, ;;^. -§, — ♦ 
 blind, blinb, 
 blow, blafen, blie^, geblafen; (of 
 
 wind) tDe^en; to — hard, ftar! 
 
 board, on — , an S5orb. 
 
 body, ^or^er, m. -g, — ; Seib, 
 
 w. -e§, -er, 
 book, $8ucf), ;^. -e^, ^er» 
 born, geborem 
 both, beibe. 
 
 bowling-alley, ^egelbat|n,/-en. 
 box, tifte,/ -n, 
 boy, ^nabe, i';^. -n, -n, Qunge, m. 
 
 -n, -n» 
 bread, $l3rot, //. -e§, -e; — and 
 
 butter, $8utterbrot, ?2. -e^, 
 break, bred^en, brac^, gebro(i)en. 
 breakfast, grit^ftiid, n. -§, -e, 
 breast, S5ruyt,/-^e. 
 bridge, S3ruc£e,/ -n, 
 bridle, Qiigel, i^;^. -§, — . 
 bring, bringen, bradE^te, gebrad^t 
 broad, breit 
 brook, S8ad^, w. -e§, -^e* 
 brother, S3ruber, iw. -g, -^^ 
 bucket, ©inter, ///. -^, — ♦ 
 build, bauen, 
 
 building, ©ebaube, n. -§, — . 
 bundle, S3iinbef, n. -§, — . 
 burn, brennen, brannte, gcbrannt. 
 
 bury, begraben, begrub, begraben 
 
 bush, S3uf^, m. -t^, ^e. 
 
 but, aber, aHein, fonbern (^only 
 
 after a negative^ ; nothing — , 
 ntd)t§ ar^ ; not only . . . but al- 
 so, nid)t nur ♦ ♦ * fonbern aud^. 
 
 butter, S3ntter,/ 
 
 buy, fanfen. 
 
 by, (place) bet {dat.)\ (agent) 
 OOn {dat.)\ (instrument) bnrd) 
 {ace.) 
 
 cab, %xo\6)lt,f. -n» 
 
 cabin, ^ajiite,/. -n, 
 
 cake, ^ni^en, m. -4, — ♦ 
 
 calf, ^alb, n. -eg, ^er, 
 
 call, rufen, rief, gerufen; to be 
 
 called, l^etgen, ^teg, ge^eigen, 
 
 genannt fetn, 
 can, fonnen, fonnte, ge!onnt, 
 cap, aJiiige,/. -n; student's — , 
 
 ©tubentenntii^e. 
 captain, ^a|)ttdn, m. -§, -e. 
 care, forgem 
 carouse, ^t6)tn. 
 carpenter, %\\6)ltx, m. -§, — ; 
 
 gintnterntann, m. -§, - rente; 
 
 -s shop, 2^if d^rernjerfftdtte,/ -n, 
 carriage, SSagen, m. -§, — , 
 carry, tragen, trng, getragen, 
 cart, 3Sagen, m. -§, — , 
 case, ^ifte,/-n. 
 case, in — , faEg {sub. conj.). 
 cask, gag, n. -eg, -^er* 
 catch, fangen, ftng, gefangen; 
 
 — hold, ergreifen, ergriff, er= 
 
 griffem 
 
60 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 cattle, SSie^, n. -e§, 
 
 cause, llrfad)e,/ -n; to — , t3er= 
 
 urfad)en. 
 cave, §o^Ie,/. -n, 
 cent, Sent, ^?/. -e^, — . 
 century, Qafir^unbert, n. -4, -e. 
 certainly, gett)i§. 
 chalk, ^reibe,/-n. 
 change, tiertoanbeln. 
 chat, :plaubern, 
 cheap, biEig, 
 cherry, ^irfi^e,/. -n. 
 child, ^tnb, /^. -e§, -er, 
 chimney, ©d)ornftein, m. -§, -e. 
 chocolate, (5(^o!oIabe,/. -n. 
 church, £ir(i)e,/. -n, 
 citizen, 33urger, m. -§, — , 
 city, ©tabt,/. ^e. 
 class, Piaffe,/ -n, 
 clay, Se^m, w. -§. 
 clear, flat* 
 clock, o'— , IX^r, /. ; at three 
 
 o'clock, um brei U^r. 
 close, §u=inarf)en, f d)Iie6en, frf)Io6, 
 
 gefd)toffen; /V^/r^., fic^ fd)Iiegen, 
 close by, bicf)t bei {dat.). 
 cloth, Xucf), ?/. -e§, ^er, 
 clothes, Uit\htx,noin,pl.; Qeug, 
 
 club, ^eulc,/. -n. 
 coal-mine, ^of)(engrube,/ -n, 
 coal-truck, ^o^Ientoagen, w. -§, 
 
 coffee, ^affee, w. -§» 
 cold, talt ; he is cold, c§ f rtert il^n. 
 colony, ^olonie,/. -n. 
 color, garbe,/. -n; in many -s, 
 hmxt 
 
 come, fommen, !am, gefommcn, 
 
 f.; — back, gurud-fommen, f. 
 comfort, troften. 
 commence, an^^fangen, fing an, 
 
 angefangen. 
 commit, bege^en, 
 common, gemein. 
 comrade, i^amerab, m. -en, -en. 
 conclusion, (concluded), ©d)lug, 
 
 m. -e§. 
 condition, (state), guftanb, m. 
 
 -§, -^e; 33ebingung,/. -en. 
 confusion, ^erttJirrung,/ -en. 
 congregation, ©emeinbe,/ -n. 
 connect, terbtnben, terbanb, t)er* 
 
 bun ben. 
 consequently, folglid^. 
 considerable, betrad)tUd^. 
 contented, §ufrieben. 
 continue, fort^fe^en, fort^fal^rcn, 
 
 fu^r fort, fortgefal^ren. 
 continued, (of a story), gort^ 
 
 fegung,/ 
 copy, ab=fd)reiben, \6)x\th ah, Ci\)* 
 
 gefd^rieben. 
 cost, foften. 
 council, 9^at, m. -e§; town — , 
 
 ^i(i\)ixcii, m. -§. 
 councilman, fRat^l^err, »^-n,-en. 
 count, §dl)len. 
 country, Sanb, n. -e§, ^er; in 
 
 the — , auf bent Sanbe. 
 country-lane, Sanbtt)eg,w. -^,-e. 
 county, ©raffrfjaft,/. -en. 
 course, of—, natiirticf). 
 cousin, ©oufin, m. -^, -§, SBettcr, 
 
 7n.-^,-\\\ (female cousin) ^afe^ 
 
 /. -n, 6:oufine,/ -n. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 61 
 
 cover, (distance) guriirf^egem 
 cow, ^u^,/. -^e, 
 
 credulity, Setrf)tglau6tgf eit,/. -en. 
 crime, SSerbred)en, n, -§, — , 
 cross, to — , bur(i)fd)reiten, burrf)= 
 
 fd^ritt, burd^f(f)rttten. 
 cruelty, ©raufanifett,/. -en. 
 cry, fRnf , ni. -e§, -e. 
 cry, to — , rnfen, rief, gernfen; 
 
 (weep) tneinen. 
 cure, ^eilen, furieren. 
 current, ©tromnng,/ -en. 
 cut, fd^neiben, fc^nttt, gefc^nitten; 
 
 — off, ab^fd^neiben. 
 
 dance, tan^en. 
 dark, bunfel, ftnfter. 
 day, Xag, m. -e§, -e. 
 dead, tot. 
 dear, lieb, teuer. 
 death, 2^ob, w. -e§, -e. 
 debtor, 6d)Ulbner, w. -§, — . 
 deceive, betriigen, betrog, betro= 
 
 gen. 
 decide, entfd)eiben, entfd^ieb, ent* 
 
 f(i)ieben. 
 deep, tief ; -ly, tief . 
 defeat, 9^ieberlage,/. -n. 
 defraud, — somebody of a thing, 
 
 einen um ettoa^ bringen. 
 demand, berlangen. 
 depend, fid) t)erlaffen (on, auf, 
 
 ace?). 
 description, S8efd)retbung,/. -en. 
 deserve, toerbienen. 
 
 desk, $Ult, m. or n. -e§, -e. 
 despair, SSergtDciflnng,/ 
 destroy, gerftoren. 
 determine, fic^ entfd^riegen, ent* 
 
 f(^(o6, entfd)Ioffen. 
 die, fterben, ftarb, geftorben, f. 
 difference, Unterf(J)ieb, m. -§, -e. 
 different, terf^ieben; (otherwise) 
 
 anberg. 
 dinner, ajjittag^effen, n. -§, — ; to 
 
 have — , §u 9Jiittag effen. 
 discharge (of cargo), lofd^en, 
 
 an§4aben. 
 discontented, un^ufrieben. 
 discovery, ©ntbedfung,/. -en. 
 disguise, SSerfleibung,/. -en. 
 dissolve, ^erf rf)met§en, gerf c^ntolj, 
 
 §erf(^ntoI§en, f. 
 distance, (Sntfemnng, /. -en; 
 
 some — , eine ©trede toeit. 
 distant, entfemt. 
 distinguish, unterfd^eiben, unter= 
 
 fdE)teb, unterfc^ieben. 
 distress, 9^0 1,/. 
 do, t^un, t^at, get:§an. 
 doctor, ^oftor, m. -§, -en. 
 dodge, ^niff, m. -e§, -e. 
 dog, §nnb, m, -eg, -e. 
 dollar, ®oEar, m. -4, -4; five 
 
 dollars, fiinf ^oUar. 
 donkey, @fel, m. -§ — » 
 door, Xpr,/. -en. 
 down, ab, t)erab, l^inab; — the 
 street, bte ©trage f)inab or^erab. 
 dozen, 2)n^enb, n. -4, -e. 
 draw, gie^en, gog, gegogen; — 
 attention, Slufmer!fam!eit auf 
 fid^ Siel^en. 
 
62 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 dress, to — , fleiben, an-^ie^en, 
 
 §og an, angegogen, 
 drink, trinfen, tratt!, getrunf en. 
 drive, the — , ga^rt,/. -en. 
 drive, to — , treiben, trieb, getrte= 
 
 ben; (in a vehicle) fal^ren, fuijr, 
 
 gefaf)ren, f.; — away, tertreiben, 
 
 tjertrieb, tjertrieben. 
 driver, guf)rntonn, w. -§, ♦ ♦ . lente. 
 drown, to be -ed, ertrinfen, er= 
 
 tran!, ertrunfen, f . ; (soundlouder) 
 
 iibertonen. 
 druggist, '^ipot^ttex, m. -4, — . 
 dnig-store, 3lpotf)e!e,/. -n. 
 during, tval)xenh (^^«.)» 
 Dutch, !^oIldnbtfd)» 
 Dutchman, §ofldnber, m. ■-§, — . 
 duty, WW J- -^tt- 
 
 R 
 
 each, jeber, -e, -e§; — one, ein 
 
 jeber. 
 early, friit). 
 earn, t)erbienen ; to — one's living, 
 
 fein S3rot tjerbienen. 
 earnestly, ernft. 
 East, Often, m. -§ ; (orient) Tlox^ 
 
 gentanb, n. -e§. 
 East Indies, Dft^Qnbien, n. -§. 
 easy, Iet(i)t 
 eat, effen, ag, gegeffen; — up, 
 
 anf^effen. 
 either, enttoeber; — ... or, ent* 
 
 toeber . . . ober. 
 eldest, diteft. 
 eleven, elf. 
 else, fonft. 
 
 empty, leer. 
 
 England, ©nglanb, n. -g. 
 
 English, englifd^. 
 
 enough, genug. 
 
 enter, etn4reten, trat ein, etnge«» 
 
 treten, f. 
 equal, -ly, gletrf). 
 especially, befonber^. 
 even, fogar; not — , fogar nid^t. 
 evening, 5lbenb, m. -§, -e; this 
 
 — , l^eute Slbenb. 
 ever, jema(§ ; for — , auf etuig. 
 every, jeber, -e, -e§; aUe (//.)• 
 everybody, jeberntann. 
 everything, aEe§. 
 everywhere, liberaE. 
 exactly, genau. 
 examination, ^riifung,/. -en; 
 
 ©janten, «.-§,.. .ntina; to pass 
 
 an — , ein ©jatnen befte^en. 
 examine, ipriifen, ejantinieren. 
 exclaim, au§=ruf en, rief au§, aii§* 
 
 gerufen. 
 excuse, entf d^urbigen ; — me, ent* 
 
 fd^nlbigen ©ie. 
 exercise, 5lufgabe,/. -n; @jer* 
 
 citinnt, n. -^, . , .tia. 
 expense, Soften, //. ; at the — , 
 
 auf Soften. 
 experiment, SSerfud^, m. -§, -c. 
 expression. §(u§brud, m. -§. -^e, 
 eye, 5luge, n, -§, -n. 
 
 P. 
 
 face, (SJeftd^t, n, -§, -er. 
 
 faithful, trcu. 
 
 fall, fallen, fici, gefaUen, f. 
 
VOCABUI.ARY. 
 
 63 
 
 family, gantilie,/ -n, 
 
 famous, berii^mt* 
 
 far, tDeit 
 
 farce, gaftnad^tf^tet, n. -§, -c, 
 
 farmer, Sanbtttann, m. -^, -leute, 
 
 farm-laborer, S3auern!ned)t, m. 
 
 fast, fd^neE, raf^, 
 
 father, Skater, m. -§, ^, 
 
 favour, begiinftigeiu 
 
 fear, furd)ten. 
 
 feeble, fd^tDac^, 
 
 feel, fii^len, intrs. ftc^ fut)ren. 
 
 fellow, (very familiar), ^erl, m. 
 
 -^, -e; ajienfc^, m. -en, -en; 
 
 young -s, junge Seute. 
 fellow-man, 9Jlittnenjd), m. -en, 
 
 -en, 
 festival, geft, ;^. -e§, -e, 
 fetch, l^olen, 
 
 few, ttjenige ; a — , einige, ein ipaar, 
 field, gelb, n. -e§, -er. 
 fifteen, fiinf^etin. 
 finally, jc^Iieglid), 
 find, finben, fanb, gefttnben* 
 finder, ginber, m,-^, — . 
 fine, fd^on. 
 
 first, adj. erft; adv. perft. 
 five, fiinf. 
 
 flow, fliegen, flog, gefloffen, f. 
 flute, grote,/. -n, $feife,/ -n. 
 follow, folgen, f, {dat.^. 
 fond, to be — of doing anything, 
 
 ettoag geni t^un. 
 foolish, einfcilttg. [5ug. 
 
 foot, gug, m. -e§, ^e ; on — , gu 
 for, prep., fiir (tzc^.); conj., benn; 
 
 — many years, t)tele Qa^re lang. 
 
 force, jttjingen, §tt)ang, ge^ttjun* 
 gen. 
 
 fore-leg, SBorberbetn, n. -§, -e. 
 
 forget, t)ergeffen, t)ergag, t)ergey^ 
 fen. 
 
 former, the — , ber erftere. 
 
 fortune, (SJIiicE, n. -e§ ; (property) 
 ^Sermogen, n, -§, — . 
 
 four, t)ier. 
 
 fourteen, t)ier5ef)n, 
 
 fraud, SSetrug, m. -§. 
 
 Frederick, griebrtd^, ^z^. -^. 
 
 free, fret. 
 
 French, franco f if c^. 
 
 frequent, to — , befnd^en. 
 
 friend, greunb, m. -e§, -e; (fe- 
 male friend) greunbin,/. -nen. 
 
 frighten, bangentacf)en,erfc^reden 
 {weak) ; to be -ed, erfd)re(len, 
 erfc^ra!, erfd^rotfen, bange fein. 
 
 from, t)on (^^a) ; au§ (^/a;^.)- 
 
 front, ^^^ t)orber. 
 
 front, in — of, t)Or {dat. and ace). 
 
 full, t)0E. 
 
 fun, to make — of, fid^ tuftig ma* 
 rf)en iiber (^^<r.j. 
 
 funeral, S8egrabnt§, n, -niffe§, -c. 
 
 funeral-procession, £eidf)en§ug, 
 /?^?. -§, -^e* 
 
 further, toeiter^ 
 
 garden, (Smarten, m.-^,^, 
 generation, @efd^Ied)t, /^. -§, -er ; 
 
 from — to — , t)on %t\^lt6)i 5U 
 
 ©efd)fe(i)t 
 gentleman, §err, /«. -n, -en. 
 
64 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 genuine, edf)t 
 
 George, (SJeorg. 
 
 German, beutfd^; the — , hex 
 ^eutfc^e {inflects like an adj.), 
 
 Germany, ^eutfc^Ianb, n, -^. 
 
 get, (become) ttjerben, tourbe, ge= 
 tDorben, f » ; (come ) f ommen, !am, 
 gef omnten, f, ; (receive) befont* 
 men ; —up, attHt^^^^^Jt^^^^ ^'^\> 
 aufgeftanben, {.; — down, ab^ 
 ftetgen, ftieg o,^, abgeftiegen, f.; 
 
 — on (mount), auf=^fteigen, f.; 
 
 — back, gurM^befommen. 
 girl, SD^abd^en, n. -§, — . 
 
 give, geben, gab, gegeben; — in, 
 
 nac^^geben, 
 glad, frol^; tobe— , fid^ freuen; 
 
 to be — of, fic^ freuen iibsr 
 
 {acc,\ 
 gladly, gem. 
 go, ge^en, ging, gegangen, |.; — 
 
 on (continue), fort^fal^ren, fu^r 
 
 fort, f ortgef ai^ren ; (walk on), 
 
 rreiter^ge^en, f. 
 goldsmith, QJolbfd^ttiieb, m. -§, 
 
 gone, adv. loeg, fort. . 
 
 good, gut. 
 
 goods, ©liter, (//. of (5Jut, n. = 
 
 property). 
 gradually, aUmal^lid^. 
 grave, (SJrab, «. -e§, ^er. 
 great, grog. 
 Greek, adj. gried^tfd^. 
 grief, Summer, m. -§. 
 grieved, betriibt, befiimmert. 
 groimd, SBoben, m, -§ ; on the — , 
 
 auf ber (£rbe« 
 
 grow, load^fen, ttjud^§, getoad^fcn, 
 
 f.; (become) toerbeu. 
 
 grown-up, ertoad^fen. 
 
 guess, raten, riet, geraten. 
 
 guide, iini)xev, m. -4, — ; — book, 
 giil^rer, m. -§, — . 
 
 gymnastic-apparatus, Xuritgc* 
 rat, n. -§, -e. 
 
 gymnastics, Xurnen, n. S; in- 
 struction in — , 2:urnunterrid^t, 
 m. -§. 
 
 habit, ©etool^nl^eit,/ -en. 
 
 hair, ^aax, n. -e§, -e. 
 
 half, adj. ^alb ; the — , bie §arfte, 
 
 -n; half past five, l^alb fed)§. 
 ham, ©d^inf en, m. -§, — . 
 hand, §anb,/. ^e. 
 happen, gef^el^en, gcfd^al^, gc* 
 
 f^e^en, f. 
 happy, gliidflid^. 
 harbor, §af en, m. -%, ^. 
 hard, (difficult) fcf)toer; to blow 
 
 — , ftarf toe^en; — hearted, 
 
 l^artl^erjig. 
 hardly, faum. 
 hat, §ut, m. -e§, ^e. 
 have, l^aben, t^atte, gel^abt; — to, 
 
 ntiiffen, mugte, gemugt; to — 
 
 a thing done, etioa^ madden laf* 
 
 fen. 
 he, er; — who, ber toeld^er or 
 
 berjenige toeld^er. 
 head, ^opf, ni. -e§, *e; (chief), 
 
 ^aupt, n. -c^, ^er^ 
 hear, pren* 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 65 
 
 hearse, Seid^entoagen, m. -g, — . 
 heart, §er§, n. -en§, -en. 
 hearty, l^erglic^. 
 heaven, ^imtnel, m. -§, — . 
 heavy, fditoer; -ily laden, fd)tDer* 
 
 belaben. 
 help, ^elfen,^alf, ge^olfen, (^dat.) ; 
 
 to — oneself (at table), ftc^ 
 
 nel^ttten, fic^ bebienen. 
 hen, ©ul^n, n, -e§, ^er. 
 her, fie (^acc.)\ il^r {dat.)\ poss. 
 
 il)r, il^re, i^r. 
 here, §ier. 
 hide, toerftccfen, t)erbergen, tier* 
 
 barg, t)erborgen. 
 high, f)0(i), {comp. p^er, J2//^r. 
 
 pd)ft); -ly,§od). 
 hill, §ugel, /?2. -^, — ; $8erg, w. 
 
 -eg, -e. 
 him, t^n («^<:.); i^^ (^dat.). 
 himself, \\^. 
 
 hind-leg, §interbein, n, -§, -e. 
 hinge, 5lnget,/-n. 
 his, fein, feine, {ein. 
 hold, :^alten, ^ielt, gel^arten. 
 hole, Soc^, n. -e§, ^er. 
 home, «^z/. nad) §auf e, ^eim ; at 
 
 — , 5U §aufe ; from — , tjon ©au= 
 
 }e; the home (native place), 
 
 bie §eimat,/. -en. 
 honest, e^rlid). 
 horror, ©ntfegen, n, -4, 
 horse, $f erb, n. -e§, -e ; — fair, 
 
 $ferbemar!t, m. -§,-^e; — shoe, 
 
 §uf eifen, n. -4, — . 
 hot, ^eig. 
 hotel, §otet, n. -4, -4\ (SJaPof, 
 
 m. -§, -^e. 
 
 hour, ©tunbe,/. -n. 
 
 house, §au§, n. -c§, ^cr. 
 
 ho-w, tuie. 
 
 however, jebod^, aber; — much, 
 
 iDie fe^r . . . anc^. 
 humble, befc^eiben. 
 hundred, §unbert, n. -§, -e. 
 hurry, @ire,/; to be in a — , @ilc 
 
 ^aben; to — , eilen. 
 husband, ajjann, m. -z^, ^er. 
 
 I. 
 
 I, i^. 
 
 if, tuenn {sub. conj,') ; (whether), 
 Ob {^sub. conj,) ; as — , al§ ob 
 
 (toenn) ; even if, ttjenn . . . ani^. 
 ill, franf. 
 
 immediately, fogleic^. 
 immortal, unfterblid). 
 impossible, unmoglidf). 
 improve (oneself), \x6) t)erbeffem. 
 impudent, frecft. 
 in, prep., in (^dat. or ace.) ; adv., 
 
 cin, ijerein, -^inein. 
 increase, intrs., fid) t)emte;^ren; 
 
 ^rj-., t)erme^ren. 
 indeed, freilic^, \x\, ber ^§at 
 India, Qnbien, n. -§. 
 inestimable, unfd)a^bar. 
 inhabitant, @intt)0^ner,w.-^, — . 
 inn, ©d^enfe,/. -n, 2Btrt§^an§, «. 
 
 -e§, -^er ; village — , 2)orf f d)en!e, 
 
 / -n. 
 insist on, befte{)en auf (^acc). 
 instance, for — , pm §8eif:pieL 
 instead of, anftatt (gen.); {with 
 
 verb) anftatt gU {with inf.). 
 
66 
 
 VOCABUlxA.RT 
 
 instruction, Unterrii^t, m. -§; 
 — in gymnastics, Xurnunterrid)t, 
 
 insure, t)erfi(i)em. 
 
 into, in {acc,^, 
 
 invent, ecfinben, erfanb,erfunben« 
 
 invention, ©rfinbung,/ -en. 
 
 island, Snfel,/. -n. 
 
 Jack, §an§ {abbr. ^^o^auiteg). 
 joined, to be — to (border on), 
 
 grengen an (^acc.^. 
 jolly, luftig; to have a — time, 
 
 fid) amiifieren, luftig fein. 
 journey, S^eifc,/ -n. 
 journeyman, §anbn)er!§burfd)e, 
 
 m. -n, -n, ^cfeEe, m, -n, -n» 
 joy, grcube,/. -n. 
 joyful, -ly, freubig. 
 judge, 9ftid)ter, m.-^, — . 
 judgment, Urteil, n. -§, -c; to 
 
 pass — , Urteil fallen. 
 July, Quit, 7n, -§. 
 jump, fpringen, fprang, gefprun= 
 
 gen, f. 
 June, Quni, m. -^. 
 just, eben; — as, gerabe n)ie. 
 
 keep, Bel^alten, be^ielt, be^alten. 
 kill, toten, tot madden. 
 kind, freunblic^, giitig ; — heart- 
 ed, gutl)cr§ig ;— Sir, lieber §err. 
 king, ^onig, m, -§, -e. 
 
 knock, ftogen, ftieg, geftogen; 
 
 — at the door, o\\ \At Xpr 
 !ro|)fcn. 
 
 know, toiffen, tougte, getougt; 
 
 (be acquainted with) feuueu, 
 
 fannte, gefannt. 
 known, befannt ; best — , bef ann* 
 
 teft. 
 
 L. 
 
 laden, bclaben. 
 
 lady, ^ame,/. -n. 
 
 lake, (See, m. -§, -n. 
 
 lame, lal^m. 
 
 lane, SKeg, m. -e§, -e; country 
 
 — , £anbn)eg, m. -§, -e. 
 large, grog; {co7np, groger). 
 last, fegt; at — , guregt, enblid^; 
 
 — night, geftem "^^^i, geftern 
 5Ibenb. 
 
 last, to — , bauern ; to make the 
 money last, ntit bem ©elbe au§* 
 fommen. 
 
 late, f^at; — husband, feliger 
 aJlann. 
 
 Latin, lateinifd^. 
 
 latter, the — , ber legtere. 
 
 laugh, ladjen; the — , )i^9, fiarfjen, 
 
 n. -§. 
 
 lazy, faul, trage. 
 
 lead, fiif)ren. 
 
 learn, lernen. 
 
 least, at — , tt)enigften§. 
 
 leave, ijerlaff en, t)crlie6, tjerlaffen ; 
 taffen; (bequeath) Ijinterlaffen. 
 
 left, linfe; adv. linfg; (over, re- 
 maining) iibrig. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 67 
 
 leg, SSein, n. -e§, -e, 
 
 lend, Ici^en, liet), geliel^en, 
 
 lesson, (task) 3lufgabe, / -n, 
 Section,/, -en; (hour of instruc- 
 tion) <Stunbe,/. -n, 
 
 let, laffen, lieg, gelaffen, 
 
 letter, S3nef, m. -e§, -e. 
 
 liar, Siigner, m. -g, — ♦ 
 
 lie, liegen, lag, getegen; (to tell 
 a lie) litgen, Tog, gelogen, 
 
 life, Seben, n. -§, — . 
 
 lifeless, Tebro^. 
 
 lift, l^eben, ^ob, ge^oben. 
 
 light, £i(f)t, n. -e§, -er, 
 
 like, to — , gem ^aben, ntogen; 
 I should — , i(^ ntO(i)te gem; he 
 likes to talk, er f|3ri(i)t gem. 
 
 like, ad/.,QU\6) (dat.); adv.,tvk, 
 
 likewise, gleidifaEg. 
 
 limp, :^tn!en. 
 
 listen, gU'pren; he listened to 
 me, er i)orte mir §u. 
 
 little, (of size) ftein; (of quan- 
 tity) tDenig; a — , ein toenig. 
 
 live, leben; (dwell) tuo^nen. 
 
 load, Sabnng,/. -en. 
 
 load, to — , laben, Inb, gelaben. 
 
 lock, 5U=f^Iiegen, fd)Iog p, §nge* 
 fc^loffen. 
 
 locomotive, £ocomotit)e,/. -n. 
 
 lonely, einfam. 
 
 long, lang, adv., lange. 
 
 look, fef)en, fa J), gefe^en; — at, 
 an«feJ)en (wz'l/i ace.) ; he looked 
 at him, er fa§ i^n an; (appear) 
 
 au§=fet)en. 
 lose, bertieren, t^erlor, tierroren. 
 loss, SSerluft, m. -e§, -e. 
 
 lot, So§, n. -e0. 
 
 loud, laut. 
 
 love, lie ben. 
 
 lower, nnter. 
 
 low-land, glai^lanb, n. -§, ^er. 
 
 luggage, (^ep'dd, n. -§, -e. 
 
 M. 
 
 machine, 9JJafc^tne,/ -n. 
 magic, gauber, m. -^; — ring, 
 
 ^auberring, m. -§, -e ; — charm, 
 
 3auber!raft,/. -^e. 
 magnificent, :pra(^tt)oE. 
 mail, to — , auf hie ^oft geben. 
 majesty, SD^ajeftcit,/. -en. 
 make, madden. 
 man, 9}^ann, m. -e§, ^er. 
 manner, SSeife,/. -n. 
 mantle, Tlantel, m. -§, •^. 
 many, tiiele. [gegangen, f. 
 
 march, marf cf)ieren, f . ; ge^en, gtng, 
 mark, gjjar!,/.— . 
 market, SD^arft, m. -e§, -^e; — 
 
 place, SD^aritptal, m. -e§, -^e. 
 mathematics, SD^atl^entatif,/. 
 matter, <Bcid)e,/. -n; it does not 
 
 matter, e§ tf)ut nt(^t§, e§ mad^t 
 
 nirf)t§ an§. 
 mayor, SSurgernteifter, m. -§, — , 
 mean, (signify), bebeuten; (think), 
 
 meinen. 
 means, SD^ittel, n. -§, — ♦ 
 meat, gfeifcf), n. -e§. 
 meet, treffen, traf, getroffen; be* 
 
 gegnen (^dat.) f, ; (to assemble) 
 
 §ufammen==f ommen, !am gnfam^ 
 
 men, sufammen^gefommen. 
 
68 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 merchant, ^auftttann, w. -§, , . . 
 
 leutc, 
 merry, luftig* 
 
 middle-ages, aj^ittelalter n. -§. 
 mile, ajieile,/. -n. 
 mine, @rube,/. -n* 
 minute, 2Jiinute,/ -n. 
 mistake, Qrrtunt, m. -§, ^er ; (in 
 
 an exercise, etc.) ^t^izx, m. -^, 
 
 mistaken, to be — , ftc^ irren, \\&j 
 t}erfe:^en, berfai), t)erfe§en, 
 
 misunderstanding,9Jlt{}t)er[tanb' 
 ni§, n. -nifje§, -iiiffe, 
 
 mockingly, f^ottenb, 
 
 moment, 5lugeublid, m. -§, -e. 
 
 money, ^elb, ;2. -e§, -er, 
 
 month, SJlonat, w. -§, -c, 
 
 more, me^r, 
 
 morning, SJiorgen, w. -§, — . 
 
 most, meift ; «^z^. am nteiften, 
 
 mother, SD^utter,/. ^, 
 
 mount, befteigen, beftieg, beftie= 
 gen. 
 
 mountain, SBerg, w. -e§, -e. 
 
 mouse, Wau^ff. ^e. 
 
 mouth, ajiunb, w. -eg. 
 
 move, gie^en, gog, ge^ogen, f.; 
 — down, fief) l^erunter= or l^inun^ 
 ter^gie^en; — along, fid^ fort* 
 betDegen. 
 
 Mr., §err, m. -n, -en. 
 
 Mrs., gi^au,/. -en. 
 
 much, t)iel. 
 
 mud, ©rf)mn-^, m. -e§, ^ot, w. -e§. 
 
 muddy, fc^mugig. 
 
 music, SiJlufi!,/. 
 
 must, ntiiffen, mngte, gentugt. 
 
 mutilate, Uerftiimmeln. 
 my, ntein. 
 
 N. 
 
 name, Skamt, m. -n§, -n. 
 
 narrow, eng. 
 
 native, ©ingeborener, {inflects like 
 
 adj.), 
 native village, §eimat§borf, n. 
 
 -e§, -^er. 
 navigator, ©eefa^rer, m. -§ — , 
 near, na^e(^^/.)» na:^ebci(^«^.); 
 
 -er, nd:^er; -est, ndd^ft; to 
 
 come — , fi(i) nd^ern. 
 nearly, betnaf)e. 
 neck, §alg, /??. -e§, -^e; (nape) 
 
 9^a(ien, w. -§, — . 
 need, brau(i)en. 
 neighbourhood, 9f^di)e,/ 
 neighbouring, benac^bart. 
 neither . . . nor, tDeber . . . nod^. 
 never, niemalg, nie. 
 new, neu. 
 next, nd(i)ft. 
 nice, nett. 
 night, 9^ad)t,/. ^e ; last — , geftern 
 
 9^a(^t, geftern 3(benb. 
 nine, neun. 
 no, adj. f ein ; adv., nein ; — one, 
 
 feiner, niemanb, -§ ; no ... at 
 
 all, gar f ein. 
 nobody, niemanb, -§, feiner. 
 noise, Sdrm, m. -g, 
 none, feiner. 
 nor, noc^. 
 not, nid)t; — a, fein; — at all, 
 
 gamid)t. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 69 
 
 nothing, nic^t§; — at all, gar* 
 ni^tS; nothing but, ni(^t§ at§. 
 notice, benter!en. 
 now, nun, je^t 
 
 obedience, (SJeljorfanifeit,/. -en* 
 obedient, ge^orfant, 
 obey, ge^ord^en {dat,). 
 o'clock, U^r; at ten — , unt je^n 
 
 U^r; at half past ten — , unt 
 
 ^alB elf U^r. 
 of, t)On {dat.^\ (material) {\^X^, 
 
 t)On {dat.), 
 
 off, tt)eg, bat)on. 
 
 offer, an==bieten, Bot an, angebo^ 
 
 ten; — a reward, etue S3eIo^= 
 
 nung au§^fe|en. 
 officer, Of ftjier, m. -§, -e, 
 often, oft. 
 Oh! %6)\£)^\ 
 old, alt; -en, alt, {comp, alter), 
 
 on, auf, axi {dat. or ace.) ; adv.^ 
 
 toeiter, fort. 
 once, einmal, etnft; at — , fo* 
 
 glei(j^; — more, nod^ einmal; 
 
 — upon a time there was, e§ 
 
 tear einmal, e§ gab («<;^.) ein= 
 tttaL 
 one, etn ; pron., einer, ber eine ; — 
 of them, einer t)on il^nen; any 
 — , irgenb einer; every — , ie= 
 berntann ; no — , nientanb ; some 
 — , jemanb; the — , ber eine; 
 
 — another, etnanber. 
 
 only, nur; adj., eingig; not — . . . 
 but also, nid)t nur . . . fonbern 
 auct). 
 
 opal, jD|)aI, m. -e§, -e. 
 
 open, offnen, auf=ntad^en; intr., 
 
 ftc^ offnen. 
 or, ober; either ... or, enttoeber 
 
 . . . ober. 
 order, (command) befe{)Ien, be* 
 
 fat)I,befo§Ien(^«/.); — (goods, 
 
 etc.) beftellen. 
 order, the — , ber S3efe^r, -^, -e; 
 
 (commission) SSefteHung,/. -en; 
 
 in — that, bantit ; in — to, um 
 
 ...p. 
 ordinary, getOO^nlid^. 
 other, anber; each — , einanber, 
 
 fid) ; the -s, bie anberen. 
 other-wise, fonft. 
 ought, I — , t(^ f oUte ; he ought to 
 
 have done it, er ptte e§ t^un 
 
 foUen. 
 
 out, out of, aU§ {dat.) ; adv. au§, 
 
 ^inau§, ^eraug. $inaug means 
 motion away from the speaker, 
 {)erau§ motion towards the 
 speaker. 
 
 over, liber {dat. or acc.)\ adv., 
 ]^tn= or t)er*iiber. 
 
 owe, fc^ulbig fein, fi^utben; (be 
 obliged for) berbanfen. 
 
 owner, S3efi|er, m. -§, — . 
 
 ox, ^^^, m. -en, -en. 
 
 Pacific Ocean, StiHe 9Jleer, n, 
 
 -e§. 
 pain, to — , fc^mergen. 
 paradise, $arabie§, n. -e§ ; in — , 
 
 im $arabieg. 
 
70 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 Paris, 5§ari§, n. 
 
 part, ^^eil, ni, -e§, -e, 
 
 part, to — , fd)eiben, fd^ieb, ge= 
 fd)ieben« 
 
 pass, —by, t)orbet==ge^en, f. ; (of 
 time) tjerge^en, f. ; — an exami- 
 nation, etn (gjanten Beftefien; 
 — judgment, Urteil (^.) faEeii, 
 
 passenger, ^affagier, m. -§, -e, 
 
 patiently, geDuIbtg, 
 
 pawn, t)erfe^en, t)er-|)fdnben, 
 
 pay, beja^Ien, 
 
 pay-day, S^^^t^S/ ^- "^^r -^* 
 
 peasant, S3auer, m, -^, -n; -s 
 wife, SBauernf rau, /. -en ; -boy, 
 S5auem!nabe, w. -n, -n. 
 
 pedler, Xrobler, w. -§, — . 
 
 pen, geber,/-n, 
 
 pencil, S3Ieiftif t, m. -§, -e ; S5Iei= 
 feber,/. -n* 
 
 people, £eute,//. 
 
 perceive, Benterfen. 
 
 perhaps, t)ieEeid)t. 
 
 perish, utn^fotnmen, fant um, um= 
 gelommen. 
 
 person, ^erfon,/. -en» 
 
 physician, %xii, m. -e§, ^e. 
 
 pick up, auf=]^eben, l^ob auf, auf^ 
 ge^oben. 
 
 picture, S3ilb, ;2. -e§, -er ; — gal- 
 lery, SBilbergalerie,/. -n» 
 
 piece, ©tiidE, ?^. -e§, -e. 
 
 plan, pan, w. -e§, ^e. 
 
 play, fpielen, 
 
 pleasant, angenel)m, 
 
 please, gefaEen, gepel, gefaHen, 
 (dat.) ; (request) btttc ; be pleased 
 
 with, \\^ freucn iiber (^c^r.)- 
 
 pleasure, S8ergnugen, n. -4, — . 
 pocket, %Ci\^t,f. -n ; — money, 
 
 Xafrf)engelb, ^. -e§, -er* 
 poet, %\6)itx,m.-4,—. 
 pole, (Stange,/. -n. 
 police-court, ^ori^eiamt, n. -4, 
 
 •^er* 
 polite, f)5flid^» 
 ponderously, fd)tt)erfdllig. 
 poor, arm; -er, drmcr; -ly, arm* 
 
 possess, befi^en, 'bt\ci% befeffen. 
 
 possible, mogridfi* 
 
 postal-card, ^oftfarte,/. -n* 
 
 potato, ^artoffel,/. -n. 
 
 power, ajlac^t,/. ^e ; ^raft,/. ^e, 
 
 practical, :pra!tif(f). 
 
 practice, iiben, \x6) iiben. 
 
 preach, :prebtgen, 
 
 preacher, ^rebiger, m, -§, — , 
 
 prescription, Sfte^e^t, n. -e^, -e. 
 
 present, pgegen, 
 
 pretty, f)ubfc^, fd)On; (consider- 
 ably) giemlid); — good, giem* 
 ltd) gut. 
 
 prince, ^rin^, 7n. -en, -en; %Vix\i, 
 m. -en, -en. 
 
 prize, fd^d^en. 
 
 probably, ttja^rfd^eintidf). 
 
 procession, 3^9/ ^- ~^^t ^^* 
 
 promise, t)erf|)red)en, berfprad^, 
 t)erf:proc^en. 
 
 promise, the — , ba^ SBerfprec^en, 
 
 property, (Sigentum, n. -§, ^er. 
 prove, betoeif en, betoieg, betoie jcm 
 Prussian, adj, preugifd). 
 punishment, (Strafe,/, -n. 
 
VOCABITLART 
 
 71 
 
 pupil, (Sd^uler, m. -§, — ; fem. 
 
 ©djiilerm,/ -nen, 
 purpose, 5lbfi(^t,/. -en; on — , 
 
 mit 5lbft^t, abft(f)trid), 
 push, fd^ieben, jc^ob, gefd)oben; 
 
 — aside, bet ©ette fd^ieben, 
 put, fteEen, ftecten, fe^en; — in, 
 
 l^ineinfe^en. 
 
 Q. 
 
 quarrel, ©treit, m. -e§, -e, 
 quarrel, to — , ftc^ ftreiten, ftritt, 
 
 geftritten. 
 quarter, §8iertel, m. -§, — ; — 
 
 to five, SBiertel t)or fiinf or brei 
 
 SStertel auf fiinf. 
 queer, fonberbar, !omifd), 
 quick, jd^neU, rafd^. 
 quiet, rul^ig* 
 quite, gang. 
 
 railroad, ©tfenba^n,/ -en. 
 
 rain, the — , ber Otegen, -g, — ♦ 
 
 rain, to — , regnen. 
 
 rank, Steil^e,/. -n. 
 
 rapidly, f^neH. 
 
 rascal, (Sd^elnt, m. -§, -e. 
 
 rat, 9ftatte, / -n; catcher, 
 
 Sftattenfdnger, m.-^, — . 
 rather, lieber; — than, lieber 
 
 atg. 
 reach, erreic^en. 
 read, lefen, \q&, gelefen. 
 ready, bereit. 
 really, ipirflic^. 
 
 reason, (ground) @runb, m, -e§, 
 
 ^e ; for that — , au^ bent ^rnnbe. 
 receive, er^alten, er^telt, er^alten. 
 recess, greiftnnbe,/. -n. 
 recognise, erfennen, erfannte, er= 
 
 fannt. 
 reflect, juriidE^ftra^^Ien. 
 relation, relative, SSernjanbt-er, 
 
 m, {inflects like a7t adj.). 
 remain, bleiben, blteb, geblieben, f. 
 remember, fid) ertnnern {gen.). 
 remind of, ertnnern an {ace), 
 remove, befeittgen. 
 repeat, ttJieber^oIen. 
 reply, the — , bte ©rtriberung, -en. 
 reply, ertotbern, antttjorten. 
 reproach, bor^tDerfen, trarf Dor, 
 
 k)orgett)orf en ; — somebody for 
 
 something, jentanbent tixoa^ t)or= 
 
 toerfen. 
 rest, the — , bcr O^eft, -e§, -e. 
 rest, to — , rul^en, fic^ au§ru:^en. 
 result, (Srfolg, J7t. -§, -e. 
 retain, bef)alten, bel)ielt, be^alten. 
 return (to give back), gurutf-ge* 
 
 ben; (to come back) prM* 
 
 fomnten, gnrxicf^fe^ren, f. 
 review, the — , bte SJ^uftemng, 
 
 -en. 
 review, to — , tnuftem. 
 revolve, ftd^ bre^en. 
 reward, $8eIo^nnng, / -en; to 
 
 offer a — , etne SBelo^nung om^^ 
 
 fegen. 
 rich, retc^. 
 
 riches, 9?eid)tnnt, m. -§, -^er. 
 rid, log ; to get — of, log toerben 
 
 {ace). 
 
72 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 riddle, Slatfel, n, -§, — . 
 ride, (on horseback) reiten, rttt, 
 geritten, f. or 1^; (in a vehicle) 
 
 fasten, fu!^r, gefa^ren, f. 
 right, recf)t ; all — , f d)on gut 
 ring, S^tng, »2. -e§, -e. 
 rise, auf4te§en, ftanb auf, auf ge= 
 
 ftanben, [♦ 
 river, glug, w. -e§, -^e. 
 road, SSeg, »?. -e§^ -e ; by the — 
 
 side, am SBege. 
 roll (of bread), ©emttiel, /. -n, 
 
 S3rotrf)en, ;^. -^, — . 
 roof, S)a(^, /^. -e§, -^er, 
 room, Qimmer, ;^. -^, — ; to make 
 
 — , ^Ia| madden, 
 rough, xti%\ (of water) betoegt; 
 
 pretty — , jtemlic^ bewegt. 
 round, adj,^ runb ; adv., Uttl ♦ ♦ . 
 
 l^erum. 
 rude, x^\ 
 run, laufeiv lief, gelauf en, f. or % 
 
 sack, ^^^f m. -e§, ^e« 
 
 sad, traurig. 
 
 saddle, to—, fatteln. 
 
 safe, fid^er; — and sound, XOO^l- 
 
 betialten. 
 sail, fegeln. 
 
 sailor, SO^atrofe, m. -n, -n. 
 sale, $8erfauf, m. -§, ^e; for — , 
 
 gum SSerlauf . 
 salt, (5al5 ^w. -e§. 
 same, the — , berjelbe, biefelbe, 
 
 ba^felbe. 
 satisfied, gufrieben. 
 
 Saturday, (Sonnabenb, m. -4, -c. 
 
 sausage, SSurft,/. ^e. 
 
 say, fagen. 
 
 scar, 9^arbe,/-n. 
 
 scholar, ©d^uler, w. -^, — ; 
 
 traveling — , f a^reuber ©d)uler. 
 school, ©(^ule, /. -n; at — , in 
 
 ber ©^ule; — -boy, ©d^ul* 
 
 fnabe, m. -n, -n, ©d^uljunge, 
 
 m. -n, -n. 
 scold, fd)elten, fd^alt, gefc^olten. 
 sea, See,/, -n; — sick, feefranf. 
 seam, 9^al)t,/. -^e. 
 second, gtceit ; the — , ber gh)eite. 
 secret, «^*., gel^eim; -ly, im ge* 
 
 !^etmen. 
 see, fe^en, ]o^f gefe^en. 
 seek, fu(f)en. 
 
 seem, fd^einen, fd^ien, gefd)ienen. 
 seize, ergreifen, ergriff, ergriffen. 
 sell, toerfaufen. 
 send, fi^iden, fenben, fanbte, ge* 
 
 fanbt, (for, nad^, ^«^.). 
 separate, trennen. 
 serious, ernft. 
 service, (divine) ©otte^btenft, 
 
 m, -e§, -c. 
 seven, fteben. 
 several, me^rere. 
 sew, ndlien. 
 
 shall, f oEen ; (Juturity) loerben. 
 shameful, fc^dnblid). 
 she, fie. 
 
 ship, ©d^iff, n. -e§, ~e. 
 shoemaker, ©d^u^mad^er, m. -^, 
 
 shop, 2a\)cn, w. -§, *. 
 short, furg. 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 73 
 
 shoulder, ©coulter,/, -n. 
 shout, (for joy) jaud^^en; lant 
 
 fc^reien, fd^rie, gefd^rieeu. 
 show, §etgen. 
 shrill, fdiriE. 
 
 shroud, Seid)entud^, -^, ^er. 
 shut, 5U=mac^en, fcCiIiegen, fd^Iog, 
 
 gef (^toff en ; intrans., fid) f d^liegen. 
 sick, !ranf. 
 side, ©eite,/ -n. 
 sight, in — , in ©idE)t. 
 silent, to be — , f (i)toeigen, f d^toieg, 
 
 gef^miegen. 
 simple, einf ad^. 
 simplicity, ©infdltigfeit,/. 
 since, /r^/.,feit {dat.)\ sub. conj.^ 
 
 feit, feitbem. 
 single, eingig. 
 
 sir, §err, mein §err, m, ~n, -en. 
 sister, ©dfitoefter,/. -n. 
 sit, fi^en, fag, gef eff en ; — down, 
 
 fid^ ]^in=fegen. 
 six, fed)g; -th, fed)§te. 
 sixteenth, fed^jel^nte. 
 skilful, gef^idEt. 
 
 sleep, fd^Iofen, frf)Iief, gefd)Iafen. 
 slowly, langfant. 
 sly, f«^rau. 
 small, flein. 
 smoke, raud£)en. 
 snow, 6d^nee, m.-^, 
 so, fo, alfo; — that, bamit, fo 
 
 sob, fd^Iud^§en. 
 soldier, ©olbat, m, -en, -en. 
 solve, to fen. 
 
 some, tixoQS)\ pL einige; -times, 
 5UtDeiIen ; -body, jemanb. 
 
 son, (So^n, m. -e§, -^e. 
 
 soon, balb. 
 
 sorrow, Seiben, n, -§, — . 
 
 sound, ^lang, m, -eg, -^e; safe 
 and — , njo^Ibe^atten. 
 
 sound, to — , erflingen, erflang, er^ 
 flungen, f. 
 
 soup, ©u^)|)e,/. -n» 
 
 spare, f^aren. 
 
 speak, f:predt)en, f:prorf|,gef^rod)en ; 
 reben. 
 
 speaker, Sflebner, m.-§>f — . 
 
 spend (money), au^^geben ; — 
 (time), p^bringen. 
 
 spoil, tjerberben, tjerbarb, t)erbor* 
 ben. 
 
 sponge, (Sd^toantnt, m, -e§, -^e. 
 
 spring, f:pringen, f^rang, gef|)run* 
 gen, ^. and f. 
 
 stab, erfted^en, erftad), erftod^en. 
 
 stable, (StaE, w. -e§, ^e. 
 
 stand, ftei)en, ftanb, geftanben; 
 (endure) au^^^alten. 
 
 stare, an^tarren; — at some- 
 body, jemanben an=ftarren. 
 
 statement, Sln^fage, /. -n ; (as- 
 sertion) §8e§an:|3tung, /. -en ; 
 (report) ^erid^t, m. -^, -e. 
 
 station, S3a§n§of, m. -g, -^e. 
 
 stay, bleiben, blieb, geblieben, f. 
 
 steal, ftel^Ien, fta^I, geftof)(en. 
 
 steam, ®ant:pf, m. -e§. 
 
 steamer, ®ant^fer, m, -§, — . 
 
 steel, ftd^Iern. 
 
 steward, ©tettJarb, w. -^, -§♦ 
 
 stick, trans., ftecfen; intrans., 
 
 fteden bleiben, f» 
 stick, the ^, ber @todt, -e§, ^e. 
 
74 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 Btill, adv, nod^; conj. bO(^; adj. 
 
 stoker, §ei§er, w. -§, — . 
 
 stone, ©tein, ^. -e§, -e. 
 
 stop, an^!^alten; (sojourn) fic^ 
 
 auf=!^alten; (cease) auf=^oren, 
 store, Saben, w. -§, -tt. 
 storm, ©turnt, m. -zl, -^e. 
 story, ^efrf)t(^te,/. -n, 
 strange, feltfant, fremb. 
 stranger, grentb^^er, /»., inflects 
 
 like an adj, 
 street, ©trage,/. -n» 
 strike, fd^Iagen, fc^Iug, gefd^Iagen. 
 strive, ft(^ beftreBen* 
 strong, ftarf; r^w/., ftatfer* 
 student, ©tubent, ^«. -en, -en. 
 study, ftubieren. 
 study-period, ^rbeitftunbe, /. 
 
 -n. 
 stumble, ftolpern, ftrau(^eln. 
 stupid, bumnt. 
 stupidity, ^unttttl^eit,/. -en. 
 succeed, gelingen, gelang, gelun= 
 
 gen, f* {impersonal verb with 
 dat.')'y he succeeded, e§ gelang 
 
 successfully, glittflid^, mit ©r= 
 
 folg. 
 such, folc^; — a, ein foldjer, 
 
 fol^ ein. 
 suddenly, ;|)Io|lid^. 
 suffer, erleiben, eriitt, eriitten. 
 sufficient, genug. 
 sum, @umnte,y*. -n ; — of money, 
 
 ©elbfuntttte,/. -n. 
 summer, ©omntcr, m. -§, — ; 
 
 — day, ©ommertag, m, -^, -e. 
 
 Sunday, ©onntag, ?7^. -g, -e, 
 supper, 5lbenbbrot, «. -§. 
 suppose, t)ermnten, an^nel^men. 
 surround, umgeben. 
 suspect, in SScrbad^t l^aben. 
 swamp, ©nnt^f, m, -e§, -^e. 
 swear, fd^mdren, fc^toor, ge* 
 
 fd^tooren. 
 swim, fd^ttJimmen, fdimamm, ge* 
 
 fd^njommen, ^. and f. 
 swimming-lesson, ©d^toimm* 
 
 ftunbe,/. -n. 
 sword, 6d^toert, «. -eg, -er. 
 
 table, ^ifd^, m. -eg, -e. 
 
 take, ne^men, na^m, genommen; 
 
 — off, ab==ne:^en. 
 talent, 2:alent, «. -g, -e, $|3e* 
 
 gabnng,/. -en. 
 talk, f^rec^en, ]^xa^, gef|>rod^en; 
 
 reben. 
 talkative, gef^rad^ig. 
 tavern, (5d)en!e,/ -n, ^erberge, 
 
 /.-n. 
 tea, X^ee, m, -g. 
 teach, rei)ren («<rr.)' bei^bringen 
 
 {dat,), 
 teacher, Secret, »?. -g, — ; /em, 
 
 Secretin,/, -nen. 
 tear, reigen, rig, geriffen ; — down, 
 
 ab^reigen. 
 tell, fagen, (relate) erja^len. 
 tend, l^iiten. 
 tenth, ge^nte. 
 term, (Semefter, n. -g, — , 
 terrible, fc^redUd)* 
 
VOCABUTuART 
 
 75 
 
 than, aB* 
 
 thank, battfen (^<2/.)- 
 
 that, rel.y ber, tt)eld)er; demons., 
 
 ber, jener; conj.^ bag; all — , 
 
 aKe§ tuag ; so — , bamit, fo \io!^. 
 the, ber, bie, ba§; the . . . the, 
 
 je . . . beftO (je introduces dep. 
 
 cLi beftO ^'^^ mai7t cl.). 
 them, (^^/.) i^nen; {ace.) fie. 
 then, bann. 
 there, \iCi, bort. 
 therefore, bat)er, barum. 
 thereupon, barauf, !^ierauf. 
 they, fie. 
 
 thief, ^ie6, m. -e§, -e. 
 thing, 6ad)e,/. -n ; ®ing, n, -e§, 
 
 -e. 
 think, benlen, bad^te, gebad^t (of, 
 
 an,«<r^.) ; (consider) ^alteit flit ; 
 
 — over, nac^^benten iiber {ace.) ; 
 
 (believe) glauben; (opine) 
 
 tneinen. 
 third, britte. 
 thirsty, burftig. 
 thirtieth, breigigfte. 
 this, biefer, biefe, btefe§ ; — 
 
 morning, l^eute 9Jlorgen. 
 those, bie, jene. 
 thousand, Xaufenb, n. -§, -e. 
 threat, 2)rol^ung,/. -en. 
 threaten, brot)en {dat), 
 three, brei. 
 through, burd^ {ace). 
 thunder, bonnem. 
 thus, fo, auf biefe SSeife. 
 tie, binben, banb, gebunben. 
 till, big. 
 time, geit, /. -en ; (repetition) 
 
 mal ; this — , biegmal ; the first 
 — , 'aa^ erftemal ; to have a good 
 (jolly) time, fi^ gut amiifieren, 
 luftig fein. 
 
 tip, Xrinfgelb, n. -§, -er. 
 
 tired, miibe. 
 
 to, 5U {dat), nad^ {dat), (up to) 
 aiX {dat, or acc.)\ (into) in 
 {ace). 
 
 to-day, ]§eute. 
 
 together, pfamnten. 
 
 to-morrow, ntorgen. 
 
 to-night, §eute S^ad^t; ^eute 
 
 too, l^x ; (also) audf). 
 
 top, ©pt^e, /. -n ; at the — , 
 
 oben. 
 touch, rii^ren, an-rii^ren. 
 towards, nad^ {dat.), nad^ . . . 
 
 p; (of time) gegen {ace). 
 town, (Bi^\^i,f* -^e. 
 town-coimcil, ©tabtrat, w. -§, 
 
 town-hall, 9lat^au§, n, -e§, ^er. 
 
 toy, ©|)ielfad^e,/. -n, ©ipter^eug, 
 ^. -§. 
 
 transportation, $8ef5rberung, /. 
 -en. 
 
 travel, reifen, f . or § ; -ling scho- 
 lar, fal^renber 8d£)iiler. 
 
 treachery, SSerrat, m, -§. 
 
 treat, be^anbeln. 
 
 tree, S3 aunt, m, -e§, -^e. 
 
 tremble, gittern. 
 
 trick, ©treid^, m, -e§, -e. 
 
 troops, 2^ru^pen,j!>/. 
 
 trouble, ajliil^e,/. -n. 
 
 true, nja^r. 
 
76 
 
 VOCABULARY 
 
 truth, SSa^r^eit,/. -en. 
 
 try, ijerfu(^en. 
 
 tune, aJielobie,/. -n. 
 
 turn, toenben, tranbte, geltjanbt; 
 
 {intrans.) fic^ iDenbeu, to — to 
 
 somebody, \i6) an jentanben 
 
 hjenben; — out (of a vehicle), 
 
 avi^^tot\6)txi, Xo\6) au§, augge= 
 
 tt)id)en. 
 twelve, ^ttjolf. 
 twenty, jman^tg. 
 twice, jtueimal. 
 two, gtoei ; the — , bie betben, bie 
 
 atoei. 
 
 U. 
 
 umbrella, fRegenfd^tmt, /«.-§, -e. 
 uncle, Dnfet, m. -§, — , D^eim, 
 
 w. -§, -e. 
 
 under, /r^/., unter {dat. or ace.) ; 
 
 «^z/., l^emnter, l^inunter. 
 understand, t)erfte^en, Derftanb, 
 
 Derftanben. 
 uneasy, unruf|tg. 
 unload, an^^Iaben, lub avi^, au§= 
 
 getaben. 
 unnecessary, unnotig, iiber* 
 
 Pffig. 
 unpaid, unbega^ft. 
 until, prep.^ bi§ (^acc.) ; .w^. <:^;^;'., 
 
 bi§. 
 up, anf, l^eranf, l^tnauf; — to, 
 
 bi§ su (^^/.)- 
 upon, auf {dat, or accJ). 
 upper, {adj.) ober. 
 us, ^«/., un§ ; «<:(;., un§. 
 use, gebraud^en. 
 
 vagabond, Sanbftreid^er, m. -§^ 
 
 — , SSagabunb, m. -en, -en. 
 vain, in — , untfonft. 
 value, 2Bert, w. -e§, -e. 
 various, t)erf(f|teben. 
 vegetable, ©emiife, n, -^, — . 
 very, \t^x, 
 village, ® orf , m -e§, ^er ; — -boy, 
 
 ®orf jnnge, 7n, -n, -n ; — -inn, 
 
 ®orffd^en!e,/ -n. 
 violent, l^eftig. 
 virtue, in — of, fraf t (prep, with 
 
 gen,), 
 
 voice, ©tintme,/. -n. 
 voyage, Steife,/. -n; — of dis- 
 covery, ©ntbedung^reife, /. -n. 
 
 TV. 
 
 wade, maten. 
 
 waggon, SKagen, m. -^, — . 
 
 wait, n)arten, — for, tuarten auf 
 
 («^r.). 
 wake, trans., toed en; intrans,, 
 
 auf=ttja(^en. 
 walk, gel)en, ging, gegangen, f. 
 walk, the — , bcr ©pagiergang, 
 
 -§, -^e ; to take a — , fipagiercn 
 
 gel^en, einen ©pagiergang ma* 
 
 d)en. 
 wander, ttJanbern, f. or §. 
 want, ttJoEen, tounjd^en ; (need), 
 
 braud^en. 
 warehouse, ©peid^er, m. -4, — . 
 wares, SSaren,//. 
 wash, iDafd^en, toufd), gett)afd)en 
 
VOCABULARY 
 
 77 
 
 water, SKaffer, /^. -§. 
 
 way, 2Beg, m. -e§, -e ; on the — , 
 
 auf bem SBege. 
 we, tt)ir. 
 weak, fd^tDad). 
 weakness, (5cf)tt)a(^e,/. -n. 
 wear, tragen, trug, getragen. 
 weather, SSetter, n. -§. 
 "Wednesday, 2Jlitttt)0d^, m. -§, 
 
 -e. 
 week, 2Bo(^e,/-n. 
 weep, tuetnen. 
 well, ttJO^I, gut; (exclamation) 
 
 wet, nag. 
 
 what, wag. 
 
 when, aB, ttjann, toenn. 
 
 whenever, tuenn. 
 
 where, tuo. 
 
 whether, oB (j/^/^. conj.). 
 
 while, tt)a!)renb {sub. conj.). 
 
 white, toeig. 
 
 who, interrogative, ttJCr ; relative, 
 
 ber ^r tt)el(^er. 
 
 whoever, ttjer. 
 
 whole, gang. 
 
 whose, interrogative, tt)eff en ; rel- 
 ative, beffen, m. and n., beren,/. 
 
 why, h)arum; (exclamation) 9^un. 
 
 widow, SBittoe,/ -n. 
 
 wife, grau,/. -en. 
 
 will, (want to) ttJoEen; (futurity) 
 toerben. 
 
 window, genfter, n, -§, — . 
 
 wise, tt)etfe, flug. 
 
 wish, tt)unf(i)en. 
 
 with, mit {dat.), 
 
 without, ol^ne («^^.) ; — ... ing, 
 
 Ol^ne 5U {followed by infin.). 
 witty, tDi^ig. 
 woman, grau,/. -en. 
 wonder, (ba§) SSunber, -§, — . 
 wonder, to — , fief) tounbern. 
 wonderful, tDUnberbar. 
 wooden, l^olgern. 
 word, SSort, n, -eg, -e; (single 
 
 words) SSorter. ; 
 work, the — , bie 5lrbeit, -en. 
 work, to — , arbeiten. 
 workman, 5lrbetter, m. -§, — . 
 workshop, SSerf ftcitte,/ -n. 
 world, aSelt,/. -en. 
 worse, fd^timmer. 
 worst, jd^ lintmft. 
 worth, tt)ert {gen.)\ — while, 
 
 ber Wix^e tuert. 
 worthier, toiirbiger (gen.). 
 wring, ringen, rang, gerungen. 
 write, fd^reiben, fd^rieb, gefd)rie* 
 
 ben; — to, fi^reiben an (ace), 
 
 Y. 
 
 year, %a^X, n, -e§, -e ; for many 
 
 -s, t)tele "^Qi^ct lang. 
 yesterday, geftern; day before 
 
 — , tjorgeftern. 
 yet, adv,^ nod); conj., bod); not 
 
 — , nod^ nid^t. 
 you, ©ie, bu, i§r. 
 young, jung. 
 your, g^r, bein, euer. 
 
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926619 
 
 
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