GIFT OF Elisabeth Whitney Putnai // i TO THE ANALYTICAL READER: IN WHICH THE ORIGINAL DESIGN IS EXTENDED, SO AS TO EMBRACE AN EXPLANATION OF PHRASES AND FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE. BY SAMTJE1, SHIRLEY & HYDE. Soston : HJLLIARD, GRAY, LITTLE & WILKINS. 1828. ^DISTRICT OF MAINE, SS. BE IT REMEMBER ED, That on *he first day of January, A. 0. 1828, in the United States of America, SHIRLEY & HYDE, of the said District, have deposited iiithis office the title of a book, the right where- of they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit : 11 Sequel to the Analytical Reader : in which the Original Design is ex- tended, so as to embrace an Explanation of Phrases and Figurative Lao- guage. By SAMUEL PUTNAM." In conformity to the act of Congress of the United States, entitled, " An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned :" and also to an act, entitled, " An Act sup- plementary to an Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors aud proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned ; and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving and etching historical and other prints." inHiw nmQFV Clerk of the District J01 MUSSEY, Court of Maine. A true Copy as of record ; Attest, JOHN MUSSEY, Clerk D. C. Maine. SHIRLEY & HYDE, PRINTERS. PREFACE. In presenting to the public the SEQUEL to the " Analytical Reader," we Nvish to state somewhat at large the objects, which we have attempted to accomplish in the following pages, both as a preparation for using the book, -and that the advantages, if any, which it possesses over Reading Lessons constructed on the usual plan, may be fairly apprehended. Experience has abundantly confirmed us in the belief, that a mere compilation of Lessons, however well selected or judiciously arranged, does, in some important vespects, counteract its intended effect the strengthening and enlargement of the youthful mind. Miss Edgeworth, throughout her books, maintains this fundamental prin- ciple " that ideas should always be clearly connected with words, that the advancement from the known to the unknown should be in an obvious and in- telligent connection, and that the most exact conformity should be preserved between the knowledge, which the mind acquires, and the vocabulary, which expresses that knowledge." Some of the selections of Reading Lessons, which have met our eyes, were written with a design altogether above the reach of the young scholar. They contain facts above his power to understand, and allusions of which he never formed an idea. Didactic essays form the great mass of two or three of our most popular reading books. They may con- vey much profit to a mature mind ; but to promote the intellectual growth of young persons, or to make them good readers, these selections essentially fail. In other instances, a composition may be on a level with the reader's comprehension, but being unsupplied with any thing to direct him in further inquiries, or by which he may indulge in new associations, after two or three perusals he loses all interest the piece becomes dry and unprofitable. The Instructer in his multiplied labors, i f he has the ability, has not always the time to supply new sources of interest, or add explanations and comments It ought not to be, as we conceive, the great design of a reading book to furnish a manual by which to pronounce words accurately , to learn the dif- ference between a comma and a colon, or to measure sentences with the proper rise and fall of the voice. The grand object should be, to give the scholar a permanent interest in the exerciseto inspire him with a relish for Wftderstafiding what he reads. 2473 PREFACE. position, which we thought calculated to interest the minds of children and youth, and which at the same time conveyed correct moral sentiments, we have adopted it. Simplicity of style and directness of language, when united in the narra- tive form, present the strongest attractions to immature and expanding minds. At the same time we have carefully excluded every thing written in a style of loose morality or bad taste. All the moral effect of the book, we earnestly hope, will be on the side of virtue and religion. As the pupil is learning to pronounce words correctly, and is treasuring up useful thoughts, and materials for reflection, a more important object will be gain- ed, if his heart becomes deeply interested in the cause of humanity, and in the principles of the Christian religion. We had nearly completed our labors, when we first saw a copy of the " Classical Reader" of Messrs. Greenwood 4* Emerson. We immediately availed ourselves of two or three extracts from this valuable and highly interesting selection, for which we return our acknowledgments to the Compilers. Our book, whatever be its excellencies or defects, we submit to the can- dor of an intelligent public. In our humble capacity we have attempted something for the great cause of popular education. With the excellen- cies of the plan we are fully satisfied. What its execution is, must be left to the decision of those interested. CONTENTS. Lesson. Page. Manner of using the Book 4 . . 7 Table of Vowel Sounds . . . 9 Introduction Fundamental Principles of Good Reading 11 1. Application of Mind N. A. Review 16 2. Importance of Mental Improvement Watts. 22 3. Directions for the Attainment of useful Knowledge fb. 24 4. The same, concluded ' ' . 28 5. Of Books and Reading Ib. 34 6. Studies . . . Lord Bacon. 40 7. Life of a Looking Glass . Jane Taylor. 42 6. The same, continued 48 9. The same, concluded 54 10. The Stream of Time Anon. 58 11. Earthquake at Aleppo in Syria Worcester. 58 12. Various Species of Lying Amelia Opie. 60 13. Practical Lies f .... Ib. 66 14. The same, concluded 70 15. Omnipresence of Deity ....... Spirit ff Manners of the A?" " Who is here so base that he would be a bondman' ?" A question that may be answered by Yes or No, usu- ally takes the rising inflection ; other questions, the falling. When two questions are united in one sentence, and Connected by the conjunction or, the first takes the ris- ing, the second the falling^ inflection as, "Does his conduct support discipline 7 , or destroy it* ?" The circumflex (marked A ) is generally used to ex- press irony, reproach, contempt, and raillery as " Queen. Hamlet, thou hast thy father much offend- ed." " Hamlet. Mother, you have my father much offend- ed." Question*. What are the principal inflections ? Qive an example of each. INTRODUCTION. XT " Hume said he would go twenty miles to hear Whitefield preach, thereby expressing his contempt for common preachers." The monotone is the continuation of the voice upon certain syllables without any variation, and rnay be marked thus (-). It is used with great effect in a sol- emn tone and sublime passages in poetry ; and in prose, when the subject is grand and dignified, as in this ex- tract : " Shall an inferior magistrate a governor, who holds his whole power of the Roman people, in a R6_ man province, and within sight of Italy, bind, scourge, torture with fire and red-hot plates of iron, and at last put to the infamous death of crucifixion, a Roman citir zen 1" By emphasis is meant a stronger and fuller sound o,f voice, by which we distinguish some word or words to which we wish to attach a particular importance. On the right management of emphasis depends ~the life of pronunciation. If no emphasis is placed on any words, not only Jis discourse rendered heavy and lifeless, but the meaning left often ambiguous. If the emphasis is placed wrong, we pervert arid confound the meaning wholly. In erder to acquire the proper management of emphasis, the great rule to be given is, that the reader study to attain a just conception of the force and spirit of the sentiments, which he is to pronounce. To lay the emphasis right is a constant exercise of good taste and judgment. But care must be taken not to multiply emphatical words too much, and t use the emphasis in- discriminately. To crowd every sentence with emphat- Questions. What is meant by emphasis ? What depends upon the right management of emphasis ? What if no emphasis be placed on any words ? What if the emphasis be placed wrong ? What great rule is given for the proper management of emphasis ? What does it require to lay the emphasis with exact propriety ? *yi INTRODUCTION. ical words, is like crowding all the pages of a book wilft italic characters ; which, as to the effect, is just the same as to use no such distinctions at all. Tones consist in the notes or variations of sound which we employ. Emphasis affects particular words and phrases, but tones, peculiarly so called, affeet sen- tences, paragraphs, and sometimes even the whole of a discourse. It is chiefly in the proper use of tones, that the spirit, beauty, and harmony of delivery consist. Pauses or rests, in speaking or reading, are a total cessation of the voice, during a perceptible, and, in ma- ny cases, a measurable space of time. They are equal- ly necessary to the speaker and hearer ; to the speaker, that he may take breath, without which he cannot pro- ceed far in delivery ; and to the hearer, that the ear may be relieved from the fatigue, which it would otherwise endure from a continuity of sound, and that he may have sufficient time to mark the distinction and mean- ing of sentences,. Pauses in reading must generally be formed upon the manner in which we utter ourselves in or- dinary sensible conversation. It is not sufficient to attend to the points used in printing because these are far from marking all the pauses, which ought to be made in read- ing, and because a mechanical attention to these resting places has been one of the principal causes of monotony. Questions. To what is crowding every sentence with emphatical word! Compared ? ' What effect has it ? What are tones ? What does emphasis affect ? What do tones affect ? Wherein do the spirit and beauty of delivery consist? What are pauses or rests in reading and speaking I To whom are they necessary ? Why to the speaker? Why to the hearer? Upon wha must pauses in reading generally he formed ? Is it sufficient to attend to the points used in printing ? Why net? INTRODUCTION > XYU When we are reading verse, there is a peculiar culty in making the pauses justly. This difficulty arises from the melody of verse, which dictates to the ear paus- es and rests of its own. There are two kinds of pauses that belong to the melody of verse ; one is the pause at the end of the line ; the other, the cesural pause in or near the middle of it. With regard to the pause at the end of the line, which marks that strain or verse to be finished, rhyme renders this always sensible; and in respect to blank verse, we ought also to read so as to make every line sensible to the ear ; if we do not, we degrade it into mere prose. At the same time that we attend to this pause, every appearance of sing-song and tone ought to be avoided. The close of the line, where it makes no pause in the meaning, ought not to be mark- ed by such a tone as is used in finishing a sentence ; but without either fall or elevation of voice, it should be de- noted only by so slight a suspension of sound, as may distinguish the passage from one line to another with- out injuring the meaning. The cesural pause is not so great as that which falls at the end of a line, but it is still sensible to an ordinary ear. Questions. In what is there a peculiar difficulty in reading verse ? From what does it arise ? How many kinds of pauses are there that belong to the melody of verse? Where is each ? What renders the pause at the end of the line always sensible to the ear? What is said in respect to blank verse? What must be carefully guarded against in attending to this pause ? Where there is no pause in the sense, how ought this pause at the eni| of the line to be marked ? How great a pause is the other, which falls somewhere abotit the middle of the line ? SEQUEL, LESSON I. Application of Mind. NORTH AMERICAN REVIEW. No virtue is more rare than economy in the division and use of time, and in the few instances where this has been rigidly practised, the world has seen prodigies of attainment. Seneca tells of the vigilance with which he seized on every moment of time as it passed ; not a day at its close could reproach him with idleness, and his studies were drawn out to a late hour of the night. Sir William Jones is a remarkable example in point ; with talent of a high order, it is true, but more especial- ly by an industry that never tired, and a methodical ap- propriation of every moment of his time to some definite purpose, he made acquisitions in the midst of a busy life, that astonish the mind, accustomed to observe only the ordinary result of intellectual labor. His aims were always fixed high, and he seldom fell below them ; the vast schemes, which he did not live to mature, were not without their use in carrying his mind upward, and giv- ing it the excitement of a lofty motive. It cannot be denied, that there is sometimes danger to be apprehend- ed from this very propensity for grasping so much. By indulging in so wide a range, the mind necessarily ac- quires a habit of dwelling on particulars, and, without the exercise of much caution and good judgment, its energy will be lost on trifles. In the same proportion it will lose the power of developing broad principles, am} of drawing from particular, general and philosophical Fate, far, fall, fat me, met pine, pin no, move, nor not ttibe, tub, bull, oil, pound, thin, Tim. As this SEQUEL is designed for a higher class, than its predecessor, the words, on the left-hand pag^e, whose definitions, &c., are given on the right, are not marked, as in tne Analytical Reader ; nor will tho one always be found on a line directly opposite to the other. The additional task which is hereby put upon the attention of the scholar, will be amply compensated by other advantages. Spell economy* practised, prodigies, seized* Seneca, an ancient moral philosopher, who wrote in Latin, the language of the Romans. .Vigilance, watchfulness, circumspection. Spell every, reproach, studies, William. Day, personified: see personification in the Appen- dix. Spell remarkable, talents, especially, definite. In point, in illustration of the preceding remarks, in proof of what has just been said. What is that 1 Spell purpose, busy, only, always. -.Ordinary, regular, usual, mean, of low rank. .Intellectual, mental, of the mind, performed by the mind. Spell schemes, their, carrying, excitement. -Mature, ripen, advance to ripeness, bring to perfec- tion, ripe, perfected. -Lofty, high, elevated, noble, aspiring, proud, haugh- ^: Motive, that which moves or influences a person to act, feeling, object aimed at, end in view. Spell deny, denied, very, exercise. -Apprehended, seized, laid hold on, understood, fear- ed. .Propensity, inclination, tendency, disposition to afty thing. 20 SEQUEL TO THE ^conclusions. This was doubtless, in ome degree, true of Sir William Jones ; not that his mind was deficient in the powers of philosophical discrimination, but his eagerness for new attainments was so great, that time was not left, nor space in his thoughts, for arrangement and combination. In many cases he reasoned and thought profoundly, but take all his labors together, we are amazed rather at what he learned, than at what he has taught. There is good counsel in Seneca's Second Epistle, on the subject of diversity of study. ' The best proof of a well ordered mind,' says he, ' is its power of remaining quiet and keeping company with itself. Be cautious that the reading of many authors, and those of all descrip- tions, do not produce vagueness and instability. Close application to a few writers of rare merit is necessary, if you would treasure up any thing, which will settle faithfully into the mind. -He, who is everywhere, is no- where ; and the traveller who is always in motion, may experience much hospitality, but make no friendships. So it will be with those, who dwell not on a particular branch of study, till they become familiar with it, but are always hurrying from one thing to another. Nothing so impedes a restoration to health, as frequent change of medicine ; a wound will not heal, which is intated by repeated applications ; a plant will not flourish, which is often removed to a new soil ; and in short, perpetual change is injurous to every thing. A multitude of books distract the mind. Since, therefore, you cannot read all you can obtain, it is enough that you possess as ma- ny as you can read. 4 But,' you reply, ' I wish to look a little into this volume, and a little into that.' It is the mark of a fastidious stomach to desire to taste of many dishes, which, when of various kinds, vitiate, rather than nourish the body. Hence, let your reading be confined to the most approved authors, and if at any time you seek for amusement in others, return again to the first.' Sir Matthew Hale is an illustrious example of the won- ders that may be wrought, by a methodical use of time ; his application was unremitted, and the compass of his knowledge almost without bounds, but he knew how to estimate it rightly ; he made all his acquisitions snbsef- ANALYTICAL READER. at Spell necessary. Spell necessarily. What letter is changed ? Energy, strength, power of acting, force, efficacy. .Developing, unfolding, obtaining or imparting a knowledge of something intricate. Spell broad, principles, philosophical, amazed. Discrimination, power of distinguishing or perceiving differences, distinction. Arrangement, reducing ideas or objects to order. Combination, classification, union, association., league, conspiracy. Spell many, epistle, divinity, study, studies. -Profoundly, deeply, with deep concern, with deep iu> sight. -.Counsel, advice, prudence, design, those that plead a cause. -Description, act of describing, sort, class, kind. .Vagueness, habit of wandering, an unfixed or unset- tied state. Instability, inconstancy, fickleness, mutability of opitf- ion or conduct. Spdl travel, traveller, medicine, irritated. Hospitality, kind reception and treatment of a guest, the practice of entertaining strangers. .Impedes, hinders, obstructs, retards. SpfM flourish, often, enough, volume. -Distract, pull different ways at once, divide, perplex, make mad. Fastidious, easily disgusted, disdainful, squeamish. Spell stomach, body, first, Matthew. -.Vitiate, deprave, spoil, make less pure. .Nourish, cause to grow, promote strength, support by food. Illustrious, bright, splendid, celebrated, conspicuous. Spell wrought, unremitted, knowledge, almost. Springs of society, the motives which lead men to unite in societies, the sources of those laws which sustain and regulate social intercourse. Spell subservient, society, lessons. Unfolding, explaining, developing. Principles of human nature, the habits of thinking, feeling, and acting, which characterize mankind, 22 SEQUEL TO THE vient to discovering the springs of society, unfolding the principles of human nature, teaching lessons of practi- cal wisdom, and acting on the condition of man. He sought knowledge for these ends alone, and valued par- ticulars only as they opened light into some new truth, and conducted him to useful and comprehensive reiults. LESSON II. Importance of Mental Improvement. ABRIDGED FROM WATTS. No man is obliged to learn and know every thing ; this can neither be sought nor required, for it is utterly impossible ; yet all persons are under some obligation to improve their own understanding, otherwise it will be a barren desert, or a forest overgrown with weeds and brambles. Universal ignorance or infinite errors will overspread the mind which is utterly neglected and lies without any cultivation. The common duties and benefits of society, which be- long to every man living, as we are social creatures, and even our native and necessary relations to a family, a neighborhood, or a government, oblige all persons whatsoever to use their reasoning powers upon a thou- sand occasions ; every hour of life calls for some regu- lar exercise of our judgment as to times and things, per- sons and actions ; without a prudent and discreet deter- mination in matters before us, we shall be plunged into perpetual errors in our conduct. Now, that which should always be practised, must at some time be learned. Besides, every son and daughter of Adam, has a most important concern in the affairs of a life to come ; and therefore it is a matter of the highest moment, for eve- ry one to understand, to judge, and to reason right, about the things of religion It is in vain for any to say, we have no leisure or time for it. The daily intervals of time and vacancies from necessary labor, together with the one day in seven in the Christian world, allow sufficient time for this, if men would but apply them- selves to it with half as much zeal and diligence as they ANALYTICAL HEADER. 23 together with the manner in which those habits are formed. Spell sought, some, comprehensive. Spell there. What does it mean ? Now spell anoth- er. What does that mean ? Spell principal, " the principal thing." Spell princir pie, " that is a good principle." Spell lessen, to make less. Spell lesson, to be learn- ed and recited. Spell sum, " a sum of money." Spell some, " he has some money." Spell sought, endeavoured to find. Spell sot, a drunk- ard. Is obliged, is under obligation, it is no man's duty. Spell learn, know, every, neither, sought, impossible. Improve, to make better, to cultivate. Spell some, their, own, forest, any, necessary. Understanding, knowledge, skill, mind, intellectual powers. .Barren, bar'ren, unfruitful, sterile. .Desert, wilderness, waste country. Universal, total, extending to ail things. Change universal into an adverb. Answer, Universally. Infinite, unbounded, endless, numberless. Change infinite into an adverb. Change utterly into an adjective. Ans. Utter. Change necessary into an adverb. Spell the adverb. Spell family, neighborhood, errors, practised, daugh- ter. Government, guv'urn-ment. -.Oblige, impose obligation, lay obligations of grati- tude, compel. -Use, employ, make use of, to be accustomed. .Thousand, lAou'zand, ten hundred, a great number. Change regular into an adverb. Change prudent, and discreet into adverbs. Matters, mat'tur/. Change perpetual into an adverb. Perpetual, never ceasing, endless, continual, uninter- rupted. 24 SEQUEL TO THE do to the trifles and amusements of this life ; and it would turn to infinitely better account. Thus it appears to be the duty and the interest of ev- ery person living, to improve his understanding, to in- form his judgment, to treasure up useful knowledge, and to acquire the skill of good reasoning, as far as his sta- tion, capacity, arid circumstances furnish him with proper means for it. Our mistakes in judgment may plunge us into much fwlly and guilt in practice. By act- ing without thought or reason, we dishonor the God that made us reasonable creatures ; we often become injurious to our neighbors, kindred, or friends; and we bring sin and misery upon ourselves : for we are ac- countable to God our Judge for every part of our irreg- ular and mistaken conduct, where he hath given us suf- ficient advantages to guard against those mistakes. LESSON III. direct ions for the attainment of useful Knowledge. ABRIDGED FROM WATTS. Deeply possess your mind with the vast importance of a good judgment and the inestimable advantage of right reasoning. Heview the instances of your own mis- conduct in life ; think seriously with yourselves how ma- ny follies and sorrows you had escaped, and how much guilt and misery you had prevented, if from your early years you had but taken clue pains to judge aright con- cerning persons, times, and things. This will awaken you with lively vigor to the work of improving your reasoning powers, and seizing every opportunity and advantage for that end. Consider the weakness, frailties, and mistakes of hu- man nature in general. Consider the depth and diffi- culty of many truths, and the flattering appearances of falsehood ; whence arises an infinite variety of dangers to which we are exposed in our judgment of things. Contrive and practise somr suitable methods to ac- quaint yourself with your own ignorance, and to impress ANALYTICAL READER. 25 Errors, er'rurz. Daughter, daw'tur. Adam, ad'um, -Moment, consequence, importance, point of time. Spell leisure, daily, vacancies, sufficient, diligence. Christian world, those parts of the world, where Christianity is the prevailing religion. Sufficient is an adjective : what is sufficiently ? What is infinitely ? Change it into an adjective. Duty, that which a person ought to do. Interest, that which is most for a person's happiness. .Treasure. " Knowledge" is here represented under the figure of money or riches. See Metaphor in the Appendix. Change useful and proper into adverbs. S^c.ll proper, uilt, friends, guard, against. Plunge : what figure is here employed 1 How arc- folly and guilt represented ? Change reasonable into an adverb. Into what can an adjective be changed ? How ? When the adjective ends in ?/, what is done ? When the adjective ends in ble, how is it changed ? Into what can an adverb ending in ly be changed ? How 1 Give examples of eaclj. W r hat is deeply ? What is deep ? Possess your mind with, impress your mind with, feel. Vast, very great. Change vast into an adverb. Inestimable, not to be estimated, incalculable. Review, consider over again, recollect, look back upon. Misconduct, improper conduct, actions done anuss. What is seriously 1 What is serious ? Had escaped : the auxiliary verb had is here used in- stead of what 1 Spell are, due, seizing, consider, frailties, depth. Awaken : what figure ? In what state is the person represented as being ? .Difficulty, dif'fe-kul-te. Flattering, flat'tur-lng. Spell falsehood, suitable acquaint, present, knowledge. Parts, natural talents, powers of mjnd. Spell presume, ready, vivacities, ridicule, imagine. Change ready into an adverb. Into what is the y changed ? 3 26 SEQUEL TO THE your mind with a deep and painful sense of the low and imperfect degrees of your present knowledge. Presume not too much upon a bright genius, a ready wit, and good parts ; for these without labor and stu- dy will never make a man of knowledge and wisdom. This has been an unhappy temptation to persons of a vigorous and gay fancy, to despise learning and study. They have been acknowledged to shine in an assembly, and sparkle in discourse upon common topics ; and thence they took it into their heads to abandon reading and labor, and grow old in ignorance ; but when they had lost the vivacities of animal nature and jtnith, they became stupid even to contempt and ridicule. As you are not to fancy yourself a learned man, be- cause you are blessed with a ready wit, so neither must you imagine, that large and laborious reading and a strong memory can denominate you truly wise. It is meditation and studious thought, it is the exercise of your own reason and judgment upon all you read, that gives good sense even to the best genius, and affords your understanding the truest improvement. A boy of strong memory may repeat a whole book of Euclid, and yet be no geometrician. One may learn half the Bible by heart, and yet understand very little of divinity. Be not so weak as to imagine, that a life of learning is a life of laziness and ease. It is no idle thing to be a scholar indeed. Let the hope of new discoveries, as well as the satis- faction and pleasure of known truths, animate your dai- ly industry. Do not think learning in general is arriv- ed at its perfection, or that the knowledge of any par- ticular subject in any science cannot be improved, mere- ly because it has lain five hundred or a thousand years without improvement. Do not hover always on the surface of things, nor take up suddenly with mere appearances ; but penetrate in- to the depth of matters, as far as your time and circum- stances allow, especially in those things which relate to your own profession Do not indulge yourselves to judge of things by the first glimpse, or a short and superficial view of them ; for this will fill the mind with errors and ANALYTICAL READER. 27 Spell unhappy. Spell unhappily. What letter is changed ? .Despise, look upon as things beneath them. Shine, to appear to advantage. What figure is here used ? What other word in the same sentence is used meta- phorically ? -Discourse, speech, sermon, conversation 1 Stupid even to ridicule, so stupid as even to be ridi- culed. -Large, great, much, extensive, bulky, abundant. -Strong, vigorous, mighty, powerful, retentive, violent, intoxicating. .Denominate, name, give name to, render worthy to be called. .Truly : derived from what 1 Spell the adjective due. Spell duly. Spell sense, genius, whole, very, scholar, discoveries. Euclid, author of a celebrated treatise on geometry. .Geometrician, je-om-e-trish'an, one skilled in geome- try. -Divinity, deity, theology, truths and precepts of the Bible. -Weak, feeble, not strong, infirm, childish, void of judgment. Truths, troops.. This word does not follow the an- alogy of path, paths, bath, baths. -.Animate, give life to, encourage, possessing animal life. Industry, m'dus-tre, diligence, assiduity, efforts. .Hover, huv'ur. What figure is this ? To what is a person here compared ? .Surface, superficies, outside, that part which meets the eye. .Penetrate, go, enter, pierce, make way. Spell especially, glimpse, superficial, prejudices, wrong. -Profession, employment, declaration, public avowal. -Indulge, gratify, favor, allow, grant. First, furst. Superficial, slight, extending only to the surface. What two adjectives, in adding ly, drop final e .? "28 SEQUEL TO THE prejudices, give it a wrong turn and ill habit of think- ing, and make much work for retraction. Once a day, especially in the early years of life and study, call yourselves to an account, what new ideas, what new proposition or truth, you have gained, what further confirmation of known truths, and what advan- ces you have made in any part of knowledge ; and let no day, if possible, pass away without some intellectual gain. Such a course, well pursued, must certainly ad- vance us in useful knowledge. It is a wise proverb among the learned, borrowed from the lips and practice of a celebrated painter, u Let no day pass without one line at least ;" and it was a sacred rule among the Py- thagoreans, that they should every evening thrice run over the actions and affairs of the day, and examine what their conduct had been, what they had done, or what they had neglected ; and they assured their pu- pils, that by this method, they would make a noble progress in the path of virtue. Nor let soft slumber close your eyes,. Before you've recollected thrice * The train of actions through the day : Where have my feet chose out the way ? What have I learn'd, where'er I've been, . From all I've heard, from all I've seen ? What know 1 more, that's worth the knowing ? , * What have I done, that's worth the doing ? What have I sought tliat I should shun ? ^ What duty have I left undone T Or into what new follies run 1 > These self-inquiries are the road, That leads to virtue and to God. LESSON IV. The same. CONCLUDED. Maintain a constant watch against a dogmatical spir- it. Fix not your assent to any proposition in a firm and unalterable manner, till you have some firm and unal- terable ground for it, and till you have arrived at some clear and sure evidence ; till you have turned the prop- osition on all sides, and searched the matter through and through, so that you cannot be mistaken. And evert ANALYTICAL READER. W Spell once, pursued, certainly, examine, recollected. -Turn, act of turning, winding way, change, conven- ience, bias. Retraction, taking back, confessing an error, recan- tation. Confirmation, act of establishing, evidence, additional proof. -Advance, help forward, promote, go forward, propose, improvement. Proverb, adage, a common saying, a sententious maxim. Borrowed, taken on credit, derived, copied, obtained for temporary use. -.Celebrated, famous, renowned, performed, observed. -Line, mark, string, verse, limit, stroke or touch of the pencil. .Pythagoreans, pe-Aag cnre'auz, followers or disciples of Pythagoras, an ancient philosopher. -Run over, overflow, pass over swiftly, review, call to mind. -Neglected, treated with indifference, left undone. Progress, prog'gres. Path, used metaphorically for habits or practice. Soft slumber, gentle sleep. You've, where'er ; why is the apostrophe used ? Why are the words contracted 1 -Train, retinue, process, persons or things following one another. Three lines rhyming- together, are called what ? Two lines thus rhyming, are called what ? The mark on the margin against those three lines, is called what ? Why is it used here ? Been, bin. Spirit, spirit. Sacred, sa'kred. Dogmatical, authoritative, magisterial, positive, dicta- torial. -Spirit, immaterial substance, soul, angel, demon, ar- dor, disposition. -Ground, earth, foundation, reason, fundamental cause* Spell sure, too, believe, enough, withhold, afraid. -Turned, whirled, revolved, considered, examined. 3o SEQUEL TO THE where' you may think you have full grounds of assu- rance, be not too eariy, nor too frequent, in expressing this assurance in a peremptory and positive manner. A dogmatical spirit has many inconveniences attend- ing it. It stops the ear against all further reasoning, and shuts up the mind from all further knowledge on the subject. If you have resolutely fixed your opinion, though it be upon slight and insufficient grounds, yet you will stand determined to renounce the strongest rea- son brought for the contrary opinion, and grow obstinate against the force of the clearest argument. A dogmati- cal spirit naturally leads to arrogance, and gives a man haughty and assuming airs in conversation. It also in- clines a man to be censorious of his neighbors. He grows angry that they do not see all his opinions in the same light that he does. And he is tempted to disdain them as men of a low and daik understanding, because they will not believe what he does. Though caution and slow assent will guard you against frequent mistakes and retractions, yet you should get humility and courage enough to retract any mistake and confess an error. Frequent changes are tokens of levity in our first determinations ; yet you should never be too proud to change your opinion. I confess it is better not to judge than to judge falsely, and it is wiser to withhold our assent till we see complete evidence ; but if we have too suddenly given our assent, as the wisest man does sometimes if we have profess- ed what we find afterwards to be false, we should never be ashamed i;or afraid to renounce a mistake. He that would learn to pass a just sentence on per- sons and things, must take heed of a fanciful temper of mind and a humorous conduct in his affairs. A humor- ist is one, that is greatly pleased, or greatly displeased, with little things, who sets his heart much upon matters of very small importance, a id who has his will deter- mined and his actions directed every day by trifles. Where this practice is allowed, it will insensibly warp the judgment to pronounce liu.le things great. It .will incline you to pass an unjust value on almost every thing that occurs ; and every step you take in this path, is just o far out of the way to wisdom. ANALYTICAL READER, 31 -.Full, sufficient, adequate, strong. Sptil assurance, early, frequent, positive. .Peremptory, per'rem-tur-e, or per-em'to.re ; dogmati- cal, absolute. .Inconveniences, disadvantages, evils, hindrances. Sj)ell knowledge, opinion, slight, insufficient. Renounce, reject, discard, disregard, disown. Change arrogance into an adjective, into an adverb, into a verb. Spell haughty, force, neighbors, spirit. .Airs, appearances, demeanor, carriage, behavior. Censorious, apt to censure, disposed to find fault. .Disdain, despise, contemn, scorn. -Guard, defend, protect, afford security. Humility, lowliness of mind, modesty, freedom from pride. Retract, take back, unsay, recant. Tokens, indications, signs, memorials of friendship. Levity, lightness, inconstancy, unsteadiness. Spell against, courage, -ennuglj, error. .Complete, full, perfect, finished, having no part or ap- pendage wanting. .Sometimes, sum'timz, occasionally. .Professed, said, declared, publicly expressed as our opinion. False, untrue, incorrect. What adverb is formed from it ? What noun ? What verb ? Afraid, terrified. Does the sense require, driven by fear to renounce ? or prevented by fear from re- nouncing ? Learn, lern, acquire the power, become competent. Humorist : What is a humorist ? Insensibly warp, iin perceptibly turn aside or incline. -Occurs, meets, happens, takes place, comes to pass, comes into the mind. -Temper, constitution, disposition, moderation. Every step you take in this path, every progression in this course of conduct. -Way, method of acting, direction, means, situation where a thing may probably be found. Of what is insensibly compounded? From what is it derived ? Change it into an adjective into a noun. 32 SEQUEL TO THE For the same reason have a care of trifling with things important and momentous, or of sporting with things awful and sacred. Do not indulge a spirit of ridicule, as some witty men do, on all occasions and subjects. This will as unhappily bias the judgment on the other side, and incline you to pass a low esteem on the most valuable objects. Ever maintain a virtuous and pious frame of spirit. An indulgence of vicious inclinations debases the under- standing and perverts the judgment. Sensuality ruins the better faculties of the mind. It is the virtuous man enly, who is in a fair way to wisdom. " God gives to those that are good in his sight, wisdom, and knowl- edge, and joy." Watch against the pride of your own reason, and a vain conceit of your own intellectual powers, with the neglect of the divine aid and blessing. The wisest of men advises u* " to trust in the Lord with all our heart, and not lean to our own understanding/' Offer up therefore your daily requests to God, the Fa- ther of lights, that he would bless all your attempts and labors in reading, stud}', and conversation. Implore con- stantly his grace to direct your inclination to proper studies, and to fix your heart there. He can keep off temptations on the right hand and on the left. He can guard your understanding from error, and secure you from the danger of evil books and evil men, that might otherwise have a fatal effect, and lead you into perni- cious mistakes. To conclude, let industry and devotion join together, and you need not doubt a happy result. " Incline thine ear unto wisdom, apply thy heart to understanding; cry after knowledge, and lift up thy voice ; seek her as sil- ver, and search for her as for hidden treasures : then shalt thou understand the fear of the Lord, and find the knowledge of God ; for the Lord giveth wisdom ; out of his mouth cometh knowledge and understanding." ANALYTICAL READER. 33 Have a care of, abstain from, be cautious of. Momentous, weighty, of great consequence. Spell awful, witty, maintain, vicious, own, only, con- ceit. .Bias, incline, cause to lean, that which inclines a per- son. Pass a low esteem, place a low value. Frame of spirit, state of mind, state of feeling. .Indulgence, gratification. .Debases, makes base, brings low, sinks, degrades. Perverts, turns aside, warps, distorts, corrupts. Sensuality, excessive indulgence in the pleasures of sense. Vain conceit, too high an opinion. -Reason, mental faculties, the power by which man deduces one proposition from another, cause, prin- ciple, argument, ground of persuasion, rational ac- count. Divine aid, assistance of God. Spell knowledge, intellectual, virtuous. Blessing, success, favor of God, benediction. The wisest of men. To whom is reference here made ? With all our heart, entirely, without reserve. -Lean, trust, rely upon, incline to one side. Implore his grace, pray for his favor, ask him to in- fluence your feelings. .Proper, fit, suitable, appropriate. Fatal, deadly, causing destruction, necessary, inevit- able. Secure, defend. Change it into an adverb. .Otherwise, without his aid. .Pernicious, per-nish'us, destructive. Spell proper, studies, off, evil, pernicious, doubt. Heart, the vital part, the inner part, courage, aftec- tion. Spell join, devotion, doubt, heart, voice, understand- ing, knowledge. .Industry, In'dus-tre, assiduity, diligence. Need not, have no cause to. Seek her : See Personification in the Appendix, 34 SEQUEL TO THE LESSON V. Of Books and Reading. ABRIDGED FROM WATTS. The world is full of Books ; but there are multitudes which are so ill written, that they are never worth any man's reading. Others may be valuable in theaiselves, for some special purpose, or in some peculiar science ; but are not fit to be perused by any but those who arc engaged in the particular science or business. It is therefore of vast advantage for improvement of know- ledge and saving time, for a young man to have the most proper hooks for his reading recommended by a judici- ous friend. I would advise that the preface of a book be read, and a survey taken of the table of contents, if there be one, before the first perusal of the book. By this means you will learn with more ease and readiness what the author undertakes to teach. In your reading, mark what is new, or unknown to you before ; and review those chapters, pages, or paragraphs. Unless a reader has an uncommon and most retentive memory, I may venture to affirm, that there is scarce any book or chap- ter worth reading once, that is not worthy of a second perusal; at least, to take a careful review of all the lines or paragraphs which you marked, and of the sec- tions which you thought most valuable. If three or four persons agree to read the same book, and each bring his own remarks upon it at some set hours appointed for conversation, and they comniianicate mutually their sentiments on the subject, and debate about it in a friendly manner, this practice will render the reading of any author more beneficial to them all, If several persons engaged in the same study, take into their hands distinct treatises on one subject, and appoint a season of communication once a week, they may inform each other in a brief manner concerning the sense, sentiments, and method of those several au- thors, and thereby promote each other's improvement, either by recommending the perusal of the same book to their companions, or perhaps by satisfying their in*- ANALYTICAL READER. 35 Spell written, purpose, perused, abridged. Worth, wur/j, deserving of. Special, spesh'al, peculiar, select, uncommon. Business, blz'nes, employment, pursuit. Change engage into a noun. A MS. Engagement. Change improvement into a verb. *' Proper" is a. primitive word : what adverb is deriv- ed from it ? Spell recommended, survey, beneficial, brief. Judicious, prudent, wise, skilful, having a good judg- ment. Is judiciously a primitive, or a derivative word ? From what is it derived 1 Preface, preff as, something introductory to the main design. Table of Contents, a table exhibiting the titles of the chapters, &c. of a book in the order in which they are actually arranged. Means. Is this form of the word used in the singular number? What is the singular form ? Vary it. Paragraphs, divisions of a chapter, &c. marking a greater pause than at a period. Show the extent of a paragraph in the book. Is scarce a primitive, or derivative ? What adverb is derived from it 1 Affirm, say, assert confidently, declare solemnly. Sections, divisions in a book, usually intermediate be- tween a chapter and a paragraph. Change agree into a noun. \V hich is the primitive ? which the derivative ? Mutually, reciprocally, in return, to one another. Change mutually into an adjective. From what is mutually derived ? Debate, discuss by argument, dispute, contest. Author, aw'thur, the writer of a book, he that effects or produces any thing. The word author is here put for his work. By what figure ? Answer, Me- tonymy, What is distinct ? What is distinctly 1 What noun is derived from appoint ? Is improvement a primitive, or a derivative ? Why is it so called ? 36 SEQUEL TO THE quiries concerning it by conversation, without every one's ''erasing it. Remember that your business in reading or in con- versation, is not merely to know the opinion of the au- thor or speaker, but to consider whether that opinion is correct or not, and to increase your own knowledge on the subject. Deal freely With every author you read, and yield your assent only to evidence and just reason- ing. If a writer maintains the same sentiments on a sub- ject as you do, yet dees not explain his ideas or prove his positions well^ mark the faults or defects, and en- deavor to do it better, either in the margin of your boi k, or rather in some papers of your own, or at least in your private meditations. Where the author is ob- scure, enlighten him ; where he is imperfect, supply his deficiencies ; where he is too brief and concise, amplify a little, and set the subject in a fairer view ; where he is redundant, mark those paragraphs to be retrenched ; where he trifles arid grows impertinent, abandon those passages or pages ; where he argues, observe w he. her his reasons are conclusive ; if the conclusion is true, and yet the argument weak, endeavor to confirm it by better proofs; where he derives any inference darkly or doubtfully, make the justness of the inference ap- pear, and add further inferences, if such occur to your nmid ; where you suppose he is in a mistake, propose y< ur objections arid correct his sentiments ; what he W' ites so well as to approve itself to your judgment, both a* just and useful, treasure it up in your memory, as a part of your intellectual gains. If the method of a book is irregular, reduce it into form by a little analysis of your own, or by hints in the margin; if those things are heaped together, which should be separated, you may distinguish and divide them ; if several things relating to the same subject are scattered up and down through the treatise, you may bring them all into one vtew by references; or if the matter of a book is really valuable and deserving, you may tfyrow it into a better method, or reduce it to a bet- ter form by abridgment. All these practises will have a tendency to advance your skill, to improve your judg- ANALYTICAL READER. 37 Inquiries, in-kwi'riz. Concise, kon-sise. Is merely a primitive, or a derivative ? an adjec- tive, or an adverb ? Opinion, 6-pm' yun, persuasion^ judgment. What is freely 1 From what is it derived 1 Spell freely, yield, endeavor, private. Yield your assent, concede, agree to. Maintains, supports, holds, provides with the means of subsistence. Prove, proov, show by reasoning or testimony. Positions, situations, principles laid down. Margin, border, brink, edge, verge. Show it in a book. Obscure, dark, not easy to be understood, not much known. Enlighten, give light to, explain, illustrate. Spell deficiencies, concise, passages, argues. Amplify, enlarge, exaggerate, expatiate. Redundant, exuberant, superfluous, superabundant. Retrenched, cut off, pared away, confined. Change retrench into a noun. Which is the deriva- tive ? Impertinent, not to the purpose, meddling, foolish, trifling. Abandon, give up, resign, quit, desert, neglect. Change abandon into a noun. Which is the primi- tive ? Change argue into a noun. What letter is dropped 1 Are conclusive, prove what he intends. Spell conclusive, argument, inference, add. What is darkly 1 What is dark ? N What is judgment ? From what is it derived ? Memory, mem' mur-e, the faculty of recalling or re- taining things past. To what is it here compared 1 Analysis, a separation into constituent parts or first principles. Spell separated, treatise, references, excellencies. Treatise, written discourse, Discussion. Distinguish, mark or point out the difference, discern. Change abridgment into a verb. Which is the de- rivative ? Throw, dispose of, send to a distance, reject, 4 38 SEQUEL TO THE ment, and to give you a fuller survey of that particular subject. If a book has no index to it, or good table of contents, it is very useful to make one as you are reading it. If the writer has any peculiar excellencies or defects in his style or manner of writing, make your remarks upon these also. These methods of reading will cost some pains in the first years of your study, and especially in the first au- thors you peruse on any particular subject ; but the prof- it will richly compensate the pains. One book read in this manner, will tend more to enrich your understand- ing, than skimming over the surface of twenty authors. And in the following years of life, after you have read a few valuable books on any subject, it will be very easy to read others of the same kind, because you will not usually find much in them that will be new to you. By perusing books in the manner I have described, you will make all your reading subservient, not only to the enlargement of your treasures of knowledge, but also to the improvement of your reasoning powers. Always read with a design to lay your mind open to truth and to embrace it wherever you find it, as well as to re- ject every falsehood, though it appear under ever so fair a disguise. How unhappy are those men, who seldom take an author into their hands, but they have determin- ed before they begin, whether they will like or dislike him. What I have said hitherto on this subject, must be chiefly understood of books designed to improve the intellectual powers. As for those which are written to direct our practice, there is one thing further necessary; and it is, that when we are convinced that these rules of prudence or duty belong to us, and require our conform- ity to them, we should call ourselves to account, and in- quire seriously whether we have put them in practice or not ; we should dwell upon the arguments, and impress the motives and methods of persuasion upon our own hearts, till we feel the force and power of them inclining us to the practice of the things which are there recom- mended. If folly or vice be represented in its open colors, or ANALYTICAL READER. 39 -Survey, sur-va', view, prospect, to have under the view, to overlook, to oversee, as one in authority, to measure land. Index, a table exhibiting the subjects treated in a book, arranged in alphabetical order. See "table of contents," explained above. Spell style, profit, skim, skimming. Manner, man'nur. Compensate, kom-pen'-sate. Will cost, will subject you to. Pains, efforts, care, anxiety, labor, toil, punishment threatened, penalty. Spell profit, advantage, gain, improvement, proficien- cy ; prophet, one inspired to foretel future events, one of the sacred writers. Compensate, recompense, repay, counterbalance. Surface, sur'-fas, outside, superfices. Usually, commonly. Is it a primitive or derivative ? From what is it derived ? What are some other of its derivatives ? Subservient, conducive, subordinate, instrumentally useful. Is enlargement a primitive or a derivative 1 From what is it derived ? Treasures, trezh' urz, things laid up, riches accumu- lated. Improvement, advancement of. Spell wherever, falsehood, chiefly, designed, neces- sary. .Disguise, dress designed to conceal, counterfeit show. What class of readers are here denominated unhap- py? Why ? What name is commonly given to that previous determination which is here censured? How does prejudice operate as an obstacle to im- provement ? Is this unhappiness their misfortune merely, or their crime ? Intellectual powers, mental powers not belonging to the heart or will. Of what class of books must these directions be un- derstood 1 What further direction is given in re- gard to practical treatises ? Spell persuasion, colors, criminal, wrought. Hearts and lives, feelings and actions. 40 SEQUEL TO THE its secret disguises, let us search our hearts and review our lives, and inquire how far we are criminal. Nor should we ever think we have done with the treatise, till we feel ourselves in sorrow for our past misconduct, and aspiring after a victory over those vices, or till we find a cure of those follies begin to be wrought upon our souls. In all our studies and pursuits of knowledge let us remember that virtue and vice, -sin and holiness, and the conformity of our hearts and lives to the duties of true religion and morality, are things of far more conse- quence than all the furniture of our understanding, and the richest treasures of mere speculative knowledge. LESSON VL Studies. LORD BACON* Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for abil- ity. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring ; for ornament, is in discourse ; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business ; for ex- pert men can execute* and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one ; but the general counsels, and the plots- and marshalling of affairs come best from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies, is sloth ; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation ; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. They perfect nature, and are perfected by ex- perience ; for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study ; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them ; for they teach not their own use ; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute, nor to believe and take for granted, nor to find talk and discourse, but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, oth- ers to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and di- ANALYTICAL READER. 4! souls, pursuits, furniture. How may some verbs be changed into nouns ? What three verbs, in adding ment, drop final e 1 Into what can a noun ending in ment be changed 1 How 1 Give an example. Studies, learning, attention to books. Ornament, embellishment, splendor, elegance. Privateness, retirement, solitude. Change privateness into an adjective. Ans. Private. -Disposition, arrangement, temper, from dispose. Change judgment into a verb. Expert, ready, dexterous, having had experience. Change business into an adjective. What letter is changed ? -.Marshalling, arranging, leading. From what is the figure taken ? Change judge into a noun. -.Plots, plans, schemes, designs, meditates. Sloth, sio^A, laziness, tardiness, animal of very slow motion. .Affectation, from affect, act of making an artificial appearance. Wholly, from what is it derived 1 What is " whole ?" -Humor, whim, freak, moisture, practice, trick. Natural abilities, abilities not acquired, original en- dowments. Pruning, trimming, lopping, divesting trees of their superfluities. What is the image referred to in that expression 1 .Bounded, hedged, limited, confined. Crafty, cunning, dexterous, sagacious, from craft. Contemn, despise, disregard, treat with contumely. Wise. What adverb is derived from it ? Use them, profit by them, are benefited by them. Won, obtained, gained by contest. Confute, disprove, convict of error. -Weigh, ponder on, reflect, ascertain the weight. Tasted. What are books represented to be here ? Digested, concocted in the stomach, to range method- ically. 4* 42 SEQUEL TO THE gested ; that is, some books are to be read only in parts - others to be read, but not curiously, and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts mode of them by others ; but that would be only in the less im- portant arguments, and the meaner sort of books, else distilled books are, like common distilled waters, flashy things. Reading maketh a full man ; conference, a ready man ; and writing, an exact man ; and, therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory ; if he confer little, he had need have a present wit ; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not. Histories make men wise ; poets witty ; the mathematics subtile ; natural philoso- phy deep ; morals grave ; logic and rhetoric able to contend ; nay, there is no stand or impediment in the wit, but may be wrought out by fit studies ; like as dis- eases of the body may have appropriate exercises ; walk- ing is good for the stone and reins ; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle walking for the stomach; ri- ding for the head, and the like ; so if a man's wits be wandering, let him study the mathematics ; for, in de- monstrations, if his wit be called away never so little, he must begin again ; if his wit be not apt to distinguish or find differences, let him study the schoolmen ; if he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call upon one thing to prove and illustrate another, let him study the lawyers' cases ; so every defect of the mind may have a special receipt. LESSON VII. Life of a Looking Glass. JANE TAYLOR. It being very much the custom, as I am informed, even for obscure individuals, to furnish some account of themselves, for the edification of the public, I hope I shall not be deemed impertinent for calling your atten- tion to a few particulars of my own history. I cannot, indeed, boast of any very extraordinary incidents ; but having, during the course of a long Hfe, had much lei- sure and opportunity for observation, and being natu- ANALYTICAL READER. 43 Curiously, inquisitively, attentively, from curious. Deputy, one who acts for another, viceroy, Extracts, selections, detached pieces. Arguments, reasons, topics, sentiments. Distilled, forced by fire through vessels of distillation. How does this figure treat books 1 Change full into a noun. Ans. Fullness. Change ready into an adverb. What letter is changed 1 Exact, precise, careful, always right. Change exact into a noun into an adverb. Confer, converse with -others, hold conference. What noun is derived from great 1 What adverb ? Wit, mental faculties, quickness of fancy. Cunning, sagacity, shrewdness, dexterity. Mathematics, science of numbers. Subtile, sub'til, thin, fine, acute, artful, sly. -Deep, profound, abstract, of great depth. Morals, treatises on serious and religious subjects. -Grave, sober, sedate, solemn, charnel-house. Logic, art of reasoning, reason. Rhetoric, art of speaking, eloquence. Impediment, hindrance, obstacle, from impede. Bowling, playing at bowls, rolling round masses along. Wandering, what is wit likened to, here ? Demonstrations, processes of reasoning, irresistible ev- idences. Schoolmen, those skilled in the divinity of the old schools. Illustrate, make light, show plain. -.Receipt, prescription of ingredients for a cure, writing given. How are some adjectives changed into nouns ? When the adjective ends in y, what is done 1 What is a fable ? How does it differ from an allegory ? See Appendix. Informed, instructed, apprised, certified. Change obscure into a noun. Ans. Obscurely. .Account, ak-kount', memoirs, biography, history. Impertinent, im-per'te-nent, intrusive, out of place. Particulars, sketches, circumstances, notices. During the course of, in the progress of, throughout. Leisure, le'zhur, freedom from business, vacant hours. 44 SEQUEL TO THE rally of a reflecting cast, I thought it might be in my power to oft'er some remarks that may not be wholly un- profitable to your readers. My earliest recollection is that of a carver and gild- er's shop, where I remained for many months, It- amng with my face to the wall ; and, having never known any livelier scene, I was very well contented with my quiet condition. The first object that I remember to have ar- rested my attention, was, what I now believe, must have been a large spider; which, alter a vast deal of scam- pering about, began, very deliberately, to weave a curi- ous web ail over my face. This afforded me great amuse- ment ; and, not then knowing what far lovelier objects were destined to my gaze, I did not resent the indig- nity. At length when little dreaming of any change of for- tune, I felt myself suddenly removed from my station ; and immediately afterwards underwent a curious ope- ration, which, at the time, gave me considerable appre- hensions for my safety ; but these were succeeded by pleasure, upon finding myself arrayed in a broad black frame, handsomely carved and gilt ; for you will please to observe, that the period of which I am now speaking, was upwards of fourscore years ago. This process be- ing finished, I was presently placed in the shop win- dow, with my face to the street ; which was one of the most public in the city. Here iny attention was at first distracted by the constant succession of objects, that passed before me. But it was not long before I began to remark the considerable degree of attention I myself excited ; and how much I was distinguished, in this res- pect, from the other articles, my neighbors, in the shop- window. I observed, that passengers, who appeared to be posting away upon urgent business, would often turn and give me a friendly glance as they passed. But I was particularly gratified to observe, that while the old, the shabby, and the wretched, seldom took any no- tice of me, the young, the gay, and the handsome, gen- erally paid me this compliment ; and that these good- looking people always seemed best pleased with me; which I attributed to their superior discernment. I well remember one young lady, who used to pass my master's ANALYTICAL READER. 45 Reflecting. What two ideas are communicated by the word 1 In my power, within the compass of my ability. -Carver, sculptor, one who works in wood, one who cuts up meat. Gilder's, one who lays gold on the surface of any other body. Change quiet into an adverb into a noun. Arrested, seized, engaged, attracted. Scampering, running with speed, flying precipitately. About, a-bdut', around, backwards and forwards. .Deliberately, carefully, not rashly. Change amusement into a verb. What are intended by lovelier objects ? Indignity, insult, outrage, thing unworthy of me. -Little, small, diminutive, scarcely. -Apprehensions, fears, alarms, arrests, sei/ures. Change safety into an adjective. Ans. safe. -Arrayed, dressed out, drawn up in order of battle. -Handsomely. From what, derived 1 Name other de- rivatives. -Period, full stop, end, time, continuance. Four score. How many years is fourscore ? What process is here referred to ? Window, win'-do, aperture for the admission of light and air. -Public, community, travelled, frequented. Succession, variety, series, following one another. -Remark, observation, saying, notice, regard. -Degree, quality, measure, academical distinction. -Respect, particular, honor, attention, esteem. -Articles, goods, part of speech, the several clauses of a treaty. -Posting, registering, hastening, fixing to a post. Who did not stop to examine the glass ? Why did the young, gay and handsome stop ? Change gay into a noun into an adverb. Who seemed best pleased with the glass ? Is discernment a primitive, or derivative ? Change superior into a noun. Which is the primitive -Well, in health, excavation, distinctly. -Used, was wont, made use of, occupied. 46 SEQUEL TO THE shop regularly every morning in her way to school, and who never omitted to turn her head to look at me, as she went by; so that at last, we became well acquaint- ed with each other. I must confess, that at this period of my life, I was in great danger of becoming insuffera- bly vain, from the regards, that were paid me ; and, perhaps, I am not the only individual, who has formed mistaken notions of the attentions he receives in society. My vanity, however, received a considerable check from one circumstance ; ner.rly all the goods by which I was surrounded in the shop window (though many ef them much more homely in their structure, and hum- bler in their destinations) were disposed of sooner than myself. I had the mortification of seeing one after an- other bargained for and sent away, while I remained, month after month, without a purchaser. At last, how- ever, a gentleman and lady from the country, (who had been standing sometime in the street, inspecting, and, as I perceived, conversing about me,) walked into the shop ; and after some altercation with iny master, agreed to purchase me ; upon which, I was packed up, and sent off. I was very curious, you may suppose, up- on arriving at my new quarters, to see what kind of a life I was likely to lead. I remained, however, some- time unmolested in my packing case, and very flat I felt there. Upon being, at last, unpacked, I found myself in the hall of a large lone house in the country. My master and mistress, I soon learned, were new married people, just setting up house-keeping ; and I was in- tended to decorate their best parlor, to which I was presently conveyed; and after some little discussion be- tween them in fixing my longitude and latitude, I was hung up opposite the fire-place, in an angle of ten de- grees from the wall, according to the fashion of those times. And there I hung, year after year, almost in perpet- ual solitude. My master and mistress were sober, reg- ular old fashioned people ; they saw no company except at fair time and Christmas day ; on which occasion on- ly, they occupied the best parlor. My countenance used to brighten np, when I saw the annual fire kindled in that ample grate ; and when a cheerful circle of ANALYTICAL READER. 47 .Regularly, reg'ii-lar-le. Change it into a noun. .Insufferably, beyond endurance, intolerably. Change vain into an adverb into a rioim. Why was the looking glass in danger of becoming vain ? What instruction can you gain from this ? -Regards, respects, compliments, attentions, considers. Notions, ideas, fancies, musings, thoughts, opinions. Change vanity into an adjective. Which is the de- rivative ? -Check, hinder, repulse, hindrance, stop. Goods, articles of merchandize, things for sale. Homely, unhandsome, plain, domestic. Change humble into a noun ending in ty. Destinations, anticipated uses. Disposed of, sold, taken from the owner's hands. -Mortification, chagrin, vexation, gangrene. Without, wiTH-out'. Of what is the word compounded ? Inspecting, examining, looking at attentively. Altercation, al-tur-ka/shun, debate, controversy. Agreed, concluded, bargained. Change agree into a noun. Upon my arriving at, when I came to, on reaching. -Case, instance, example, condition, covering, box, variation of nouns. Flat. What double meaning has this word 1 Hall, court of justice, large room of a house. Setting up, beginning, commencing. -Longitude, length, position in regard to length, dis- tance from a meridian. Latitude, breadth, position in regard to breadth, dis- tance from the equator. -Angle, corner, inclination. See Angle in the A pp. Old-fashioned. What is the derivation of this phrase ? Fair-time, country market, stated meeting of buyers and sellers. Christinas, from Christ, anniversary of our Savior's birth. Countenance^ koun'te-nanse. -Grate, enclosure made with bars, the range of bars within which fires are made. -Circle, social company, round figure, to surround. 48 SEQUEL TO THE country cousins assembled round it. At those times I always got a little notice from the young folks; but those festivities over, and I was condemned to another half year of loneliness. How familiar to my recollec- tion at this hour, is that large, old fashioned parlor ! I can remember, as well as if I had seen them but yester- day, the noble flowers on the crimson damask chair covers and window curtains ; and those curiously carv- ed tables and chairs. I could describe every one of the stories on the Dutch tiles that surrounded the grate ; the rich china ornaments on the wide mantle-piece ; and the pattern of the paper hangings, which consisted al- ternately of a parrot, a poppy, and a shepherdess, a parrot, a poppy arid a shepherdess. The room being a little used, the window shutters were rarely opened ; but there were three holes cut in each, in the shape of a heart, through, which, day after day, and year after year, I used to watch the long, dim, dusty, sunbeams streaming across the dark parlor. I should mention, however, that I seldom missed a short visit from my master and mistress on a Sunday morn- ing, when they came down stairs ready dressed for church. I can remember how my mistress used to trot in upon her high-heeled shoes, unfold a leaf of one of the shutters, then come and stand straight before me ; then turn half round to the right then to the left ; never fail- ing to see if the corner of her well starched handkerchief was pinned exactly in the middle. I think I can see her now, in her favorite dove colored lustring (which she wore every Sunday in every summer for seven years at least,) and her long full ruffles and worked apron. Then followed my good master, who, though his visit was somewhat shorter, never failed to come and settle his Sunday wig before me. LESSON VIII. The same, continued* . Time rolled away ; and my master and mistress, with all that appertained to them, insensibly suffered ANALYTICAL READER. 49 Folks, people, an old word nearly obsolete. Condemned, given over, sentenced, doomed. -Complete, finished, perfect, utter, entire, wholly done. Change/OJftt&zr into an adverh into a noun. -Noble, fine looking, elegant, conspicuous. Crimson, red color somewhat darkened with blue. Damask, linen or silk woven in a manner invented at Damascus. Carved tables, wrought into various figures, various devices cut upon them. Dutch, in the manner of the Dutch, a people of Europe. China ornaments, earthern ware, utensils made in China. China, a country in Eastern Asia, celebrated for teas, earthern ware, &. Paper hangings, paper suspended round the walls of rooms, window curtains. Parrot, small bird, which can imitate the sounds of the human voice. Poppy, a garden plant. Shepherdess, feminine of shepherd, woman who takes care of sheep. Spell window-shutters, mantle-piece, through. -Missed, lost, failed of, not recognized. Sunbeams. Of what is this word compounded ? Ready dressed, all ready, wholly apparelled- Church, house of worship, sanctuary, society of wor- shippers. -.Straight, upright, directly, exactly. Spell handkerchief, favorite, colored, mistress. -Pinned, fastened with a pin, driven through. .Dove-colored. From what is the phrase derived / Lustring, lus'string, shining silk. -.Ruffles, article of dress, plaited linen, to put in dis- order, to discompose. -Worked, labored, embroidered, did business, ferment- ed. -Settle, establish, arrange, put on properly, seat, bench. Time rolled away, time passed away. Whence the allusion ? Appertained to, belonged to, connected with. Insensibly, imperceptibly, by slow degrees, gradually. 50 SEQUEL TO THE from its influence. When I first knew them, they were a young, blooming couple as you would wish to see ; but I gradually perceived an alteration. My mistress began to stoop a little ; and my master got a cough, which troubled him more or less to the end of his days. At first, and for many years, my mistress' foot upon the stairs was light and nimble; arid she would come in as blithe and as brisk as a lark ; but at last, it was a slow, \\eavy step ; and even my master's began to totter. And, in these respects, every thing else kept pace with them : the crimson damask that I remembered so fresh and bright, was now faded and worn ; the dark polished ma- hogany, was, in some places, worm-eaten ; the parrot's gay plumage on the walls grew dull ; and I myself, though long unconscious of it, partook of the universal decay. The dissipated taste I acquired, upon my first introduction to society, had long since subsided ; and the quiet, sombre life I led, gave me a grave meditative turn. The change which I witnessed in all these things around me, caused me to reflect much on their vanity ; and when, upon the occasions before mentioned, I used to see the gay, blossoming faces of the young, saluting me with so much complacency, I would fain have had admonished them of the alteration they must soon un- dergo ; and have told them how certainly their bloom must fade away as a flower. But, alas ! you know, Sir, looking-glasses can only reflect. After I remained in this condition, to the best of my knowledge, about five and forty years, I suddenly missed my old master ; he came to visit me no more ; and by the change in my mistress' apparel, I guessed what happened. Five years more passed away ; and then I saw no more of her ! In a short time after this, several rude strangers entered my room ; the long, rusty screw, which had held me up so many years, was drawn out ; and I together with all the goods and chattels in the Louse, were put up to auction in that very apartment which I had so long peaceably occupied. I felt a great deal hurt at the very contemptuous terms in which I was spoken of, by some of the bidders ; for, a* I said, I was not aware that I had become as old fashioned as my poor old master and mistress. At last I was knocked ANALYTICAL READER. 51 Blooming, fair, ruddy, freshly appearing. Whence the allusion ? What alterations did its master and mistress undergo ? -Got, obtained, acquired, was attacked by. Blithe, bliTHe, gay, airy, tripping, light. Lark, bird, which is out early in the day, and rises high. What alteration in the footsteps of its master and mis- tress 1 What did it betoken ? Kept pace, kept up, went on together. What change took place in the crimson damask ? Mahogany, a solid and valuable wood, native of Amer- ica. Plumage, feathers. What is the derivation of plumage 1 -Dull, sleepy, stupid, not bright, losing color. Subsided, grown less, left me. The allusion is from the settling of waters. Sombre, lonely, melancholy, lone, dark. Change grave intg a noun into an adverb. .Meditative, med'e-ta-tiv, reflecting, inclined to medi- tation. -Turn, move out of course, habit, inclination, way. -Faces, countenances, visages, meets in front, looks in the face. Fain, joyfully, gladly, with pleasure. Why is the bloom of youth compared to a flower 1 .Looking-glasses. Give the derivation. What became of its master ? Where had he gone ? What change took place in the apparel of its mistress ? What did this change indicate ? How many years, before the looking-glass lost its mistress ? What took place next 1 What became of the looking-glass next ? Auction, a manner of sale, in which the price of a thing is increased by persons bidding successively, one after another. A great deal hurt, very bad, quite unpleasantly. .Bidders, persons who offered to buy me. Knocked down, thrown overpaid prostrate, sold, bid- den off. 52 SEQUEL TO THE down for a trifling sum, and sent away to a very differ- ent destination. Before going home to my new residence, I was sent to a workman to be refitted in a new gih frame ; which, although it completely modernized my appearance, I must confess, at first set very uneasily upon me. And now, although it was not till nay old age, I for the first time became acquainted with my natural use, capacity, and importance. My new station was no other than the dressing-room of a young lady, just come from school. Before I was well fixed in the destined spot, she came to survey me, and, with a look of such complacency and good-will, as I had not seen for many a day. I was now presently initiated into all the mysteries of the toilet. O, what an endless variety of laces, jewels, silks, and rib- bons ; pins, combs, cushions, and curling irons ; wash- es, essences, powders, and patches, were daily spread before me ! If I had been heretofore almost tired with the sight of my old mistress' everlasting lustring, I re- ally felt still more so with the profusion of ornament and preparation. I was, indeed, favored with my fair mistress' constant attentions ; they were so unremitting as perfectly to as- tonish me, after being so long accustomed to compara- tive neglect. Never did she enter her room on the most hasty errand, without vouchsafing me a kind glance ; and at leisure hours I was indulged with much longer visits. Indeed, to confess the truth, I was sometimes quite surprised at their length ; but I do not mean to tell tales. During the hour of dressing, when I was more professionally engaged with her, there was, I could perceive, nothing in the room in the house nay I believe nothing in the world, of so much importance in her estimation as myself. But I have frequently re- marked with concern, the different aspect with which she would regard me at those times, and when she re- turned at night from the evening's engagements. How- ever late it was, or however fatigued she might be, still I was sure of a greeting as soon as she entered ; but in- stead of the bright, blooming face I had seen a few hours before, it was generally pale and haggard, and ANALYTICAL READER. 53 Sent away, transmitted. Residence, place of abode, habitation, home. Workman. Give the derivation. Gilt frame, frame covered with gold. Modernized, made look new, gave a modern look to. .Uneasily. Give the derivation. With what did the looking-glass now become first ac- quainted 1 Dressing-room. Give the origin of this word. Survey, critically examine, look at, take a view. Why did the young lady look with so much good-will 1 Was she most pleased with the looking-glass, or herself 1 Initiated into, introduced, instructed in the rudiments of. Toilet, dressing-table. -Laces, binds up, ties with a lace, cords, ornaments of fine thread. Essences, perfumes, odors. -Powders, dust, gunpowder, sweet dust for the hair. Patches, sews on a piece, small spots of black silk on the face. -Everlasting, enduring forever, never changing. .Errand, er'rand, message, something told by a mes- senger. Vouchsafing, condescending, yielding, bestowing upon. Spell leisure, hours, professionally. Surprised, astonished, amazed. Tales, stories, forged accounts, fictitious narratives. What was the most important thing in the world to this lady ? Estimation, view, opinion, regard, esteem. Concern, solicitude, anxiety. When was the glass regarded as of the most impor- tance ? Why this difference at different times ? The evening engagements, balls, visits, routs, parties. Spell fatigued, night, engagement, bright. Instead, in-sted', in place of. However late it was, whatever the lateness of the hour. 5* 1 SEQUEL TO THE ot unfrequently bearing a strong impression of disap- pointment or chagrin. My mistress would frequently bring a crowd of her young companions into her apartment ; and it was amusing to see how they would each in turn come to pay their respects to me. What varied features and ex- pressions in the course of a few minutes I had thus had an opportunity of observing ! upon which I used to make my own quiet reflections. LESSON IX. The same, concluded. In this manner I continued some years in the service of my mistress, without any material alteration taking- place either in her or in me ; but at length I began to perceive that her aspect towards me was changed, es- pecially when I compared it with my first recollections of her. She now appeared to regard me with somewhat less complacency; and would frequently survey me with a mingled expression ef displeasure and suspicion as though some change had taken place in me, though I am sure it was no fault of mine ; indeed I could never reflect upon myself for a moment, with regard to my conduct towards any of my owners ; I have ever been a faithful servant; nor have I once, in the course of my whole life, given a false answer to any one I have had to do with, I am, by nature, equally averse to flattery and detraction ; and this I may say for myself, that I am incapable of misrepresentation. It was with min- gled sensations of contempt and compassion, that I wit- nessed the efforts my mistress now made, in endeavor- ing to force me to yield the same satisfaction to her as I had done on our first acquaintance. Perhaps, in my confidential situation, it would be scarcely honorable to disclose all I saw ; suffice it then to hint, that to my candid temper it was painful to be obliged to connive at that borrowed bloom, which after all was a substitute for that of nature ; time, too, greatly baffled even these ANALYTICAL READER. 5& Generally, commonly, usually, for the most part. Haggard, ghastly, wild, deformed. Impression, sign, look, mark, appearance. Disappointment. Give the derivation of the word. Chagrin , sha-green' f mortification, vexation. -Crowd, group, press upon, circle, company. How, hou, in what manner. Pay their respects. What is meant by this phrase ? Varied, diversified, diverse, various, different. Reflections, particles of light or heat thrown back, meditations. Material, essential, derived from matter. Alteration, change, revolution. Aspect, looks, appearance, visage, regard, conduct. Towards, to'urdz. Recollections, remembrances. To what was this change in her conduct towards the o glass owing? -Mingled, varied, diversified, mixed. Sure, steadfast, confident, certain, established. Moment, point of time, minute. -Conduct, behavior, demean, demeanor. .Owners, masters, lords, proprietors. Course, current, direction, way. Averse, a-vrse', hostile, inimical, opposed. Detraction, slander, calumny, calumnious speeches. .Misrepresentation. Give the derivation. Contempt. Mention some derivatives from this word. .Endeavoring, attempting. -Force, compulsion, violence, compel, urge. Satisfaction, pleasure, delight, complacency. .First, primary, original, antecedent. Confidential, pledged to secrecy, not admitting of disclosure. -Candid, fair, upright, white, ingenuous, open. Temper, disposition, temperament, mind. What is referred to by borrowed bloom 1 .Ineffectual, to no purpose, in vain, useless. Cross, unkind, unpleasant, ill-tempered. 56 SEQUEL TO THE expedients, and threatened to render them wholly in- effectual. Many a cross and reproachful look I had now to en- dure ; which, however, I took patiently, being always remarkably smooth and even in my temper. Well re- membering -how time had spoiled the face of my poor old mistress, I dreaded the consequences if my present owner should experience, by and by, as rough treatment from him ; and I believe she dreaded it too : but these apprehensions were needless. Time is not seldom ar- rested in the midst of his occupations ; and it was so in this instance. I was one day greatly shocked, by be- holding my poor mistress stretched out in a remote part of the room, arrayed in very different ornaments from what 1 had been used to see her wear. She was so much altered that I scarcely knew her ; but for this she could not now reproach me. I watched her thus for a few days, as she lay before me as cold and motionless as myself; but she was soon conveyed away, and I saw her no more ! Ever since, I have continued in quiet possession of her deserted chamber; which is only occasionally visit- ed by other parts of the family. 1 feel that I am now getting old, and almost beyond further service. I have an u"ly crack, occasioned by the careless stroke of a broom, all across my left corner; my coat is very much worn in several places ; even my new frame is now tar- nished and old fashioned ; so that I cannot expect any new employment. Having now, therefore, nothing to reflect on but the past scenes of my life, I have amused myself with giv- ing you this account of them. I said I had made phys- iognomy my study, and that I have acquired some skill in this interesting science. The result of my observa- tion will at least be deemed impartial, when I say that T am generally best pleased with the character of those faces, which appear the most so with mine. And I have seen occasion so far to alter the opinions of my in- experienced youth, that for those who pass the least with me, and treat me with little consideration, I con- ceive the highest esteem ; and their aspect generally produces the most pleasing reflections. ANALYTICAL READER. 57 .Reproachful. From what is it derived ? Patiently. Give the derivation. Smooth and even. How do these words differ in meaning J By and by, ere long, in process of time. Time. Wherein is time personified ? What is personification ? See App. -Shocked, alarmed, terrified, met in conflict, piled up. Stretched out, laid at length. -Arrayed, clothed, decked, drawn up. What happened now to its mistress ? What ornaments are referred to ? .Motionless, dead, still, without motion, or the power of it. Where was she conveyed away ? Quiet, peaceful, still, amiable, calm, unmolested. .Chamber, tsharne'bur. Occasionally, now and then, at intervals of time. -Parts, portions, members, fragments. Getting old, advancing in years. Ugly, unhandsome, vile, ill looking. .Coat. What is meant by the coat of a looking glass? Tarnished, sullied, soiled, blotted. Expect, anticipate, hope for, look out for. .Employment. From what derived 1 Give the deri- vations. Therefore, ther'fore. State some of the circumstances in the life of the glass. How many owners did it have ? What kind of people purchased it first? How many years did they own it ? What was the character of the last owner ? Physiognomy, f izh-e-6g'no-me, studying the temper by the face. Science, study, branch of knowledge. -Mine, my own, excavation, place in the ground where metals are found. .Inexperienced. Give the derivation. Consideration, regard, respect, love, honor. For whom has the looking glass the highest esteem ? Why is this? 58 SEQUEL TO THE LESSON X. The Stream of Time. Through sunny plains and valleys green, Yon silvery streamlet winds its way; While on its banks fresh flowers are seen, That smiling seem to woo its stay. It must not stay the current's force Forbids it here to find repose ; But onward still it takes its course, And sadly murmurs as it goes. And now upon its breast no more Sweet flowers their breathing odors shed ; Its path is by the rocky shore, Its final rest in Ocean's bed. Thus down the Stream of Time we glide, From youth and joy to age and pain : We cannot check the ceaseless tide That bears us swiftly to the main. Yet, let us calmly meet our doom, And think, if life and joy must sever ; There is a land beyond the gloom Where they shall be entwin'd forever. LESSON XL Earthquake at Aleppo in Syria. WORCESTER. On the 18th of August, 1822, Aleppo was visited by a most tremendous earthquake, by which two thirds of the city were destroyed, and 20,000 inhabitants buried in the ruins. Various other towns in Syria suffered great- ly by this earthquake ; and other shocks continued to be felt for several weeks after the principal one. It is impossible to convey, says the British consul at Alep- po, an adequate idea of the scenes of horror, that were simultaneously passing in the dreadful night of the 13th ANALYTICAL READER. 59 Sunny, enlightened by the sun, bright, sun-colored. .Valleys. What nouns, ending with y, form their plural by changing y into ies ? Silvery. From what is it derived ? On what re- semblance is its use in this place justified ? Streamlet, a little stream. It belongs to a class of nouns called Diminutives. -Banks, heaps of earth, the earth rising on each side of a water, place where money is deposited. Woo, to invite, to court. W T hat figure is here em- ployed ? -Stay, stop, continuance in the same place, a support, to stand still. -Must, is obliged, is under necessity, mould, to grow mouldy. -Repose, sleep, rest, to lay to rest, to place as in trust. Odors, scents, fragrance, perfume. -Shore, coast, bank, buttress. Glide, move swiftly and smoothly along. Tide, stream, flood, ebb and flow of the sea. -Main. What does the word mean in this place ? By what figure 1 Where is the cesural pause in this line ? Doom, state to which one is destined, sentence, to condemn to any punishment. Sever, be parted, separate, force asunder. Land. To what does this word have reference ? Gloom, obscurity, melancholy, to shine obscurely. Intwined, wreathed together, indissolubly united. What two things are compared in this poem ? In what particulars can a resemblance be traced ? Give some account of Aleppo. App. Tremendous, tre-men'-dus, dreadful, appalling. Earthquake, erth'-kwake, sudden movement of the earth. Buried, covered up, deposited in the ground, over- whelmed. -Convey, give, carry water by an aqueduct, describe. Idea, impression, thought, conception. .Simultaneously, at the same time, cotemporaneouslr. 60 SEQUEL TO THE f August. Here, hundreds of decrepit parents, half bu- ried in the ruins, were imploring assistance from their sons, who were not always willing to risk their own lives by giving their aid. There, distracted mothers were frantically lifting heavy stones from heaps, which covered the lifeless bodies of their infants. The awful darkness of the night, the continuance of the most vio- lent shocks, at short intervals, the crash of falling walls, the shrieks, the agony and despair of that long night, cannot be described. When at length, the morning dawned, and the return ef light permitted the people to quit the spot on which they had been providentially saved, a most affecting scene ensued. You might have seen many, unaccus- tomed to pray, prostrate in silent worship, or on their knees adoring their Preserver. Friends were running into each other's arms in transports of joy. Enmities were forgotten ; an air of cheerfulness and brotherly teve animated every countenance. LESSON XII. Various Species of Lying. AMELIA OPIE. What constitutes lying ? I answer, the intention to deceive. If this be a correct definition, there must be passive as well as active lying ; and those who withhold the truth, or do not tell the whole truth, with an inten- tion to deceive, are guilty of lying, as well as those who tell a direct or positive falsehood. Lies are many, and various in their nature and ten- dency, and may be arranged under their different names. Lies of vanity. Lies of vanity are undoubtedly the most common lies, because vanity is one of the most powerful springs of human action, and is usually the be- setting sin of every one. If I assert, that my motive for a particular action WHS virtuous, when I know, that it was worldly and selfish, I am guilty of an active or direct lie. But I nm equally guilty of falsehood, if, while I hear my actions or forbearances praised, and imputed ANALYTICAL READER. 61 Decrepit, weak, helpless, aged, infirm through age. Risk, venture, jeopardy, endanger. Distracted, insane, frantic, wild. Frantically, outrageously, desperately, in agony of emotion. Intervals, intermissions, cessations. Crash, sound of falling trees, confused and sudden noise. Described, painted, delineated, portrayed, told. Morning dawned, day broke, the night was gone at break of day. Providentially, by the interposition of providence. Affecting, interesting, touching. Unaccustomed, unused, untaught, not wont. Prostrate, on the ground, with their faces to the ground. Adoring, worshipping, thanking. -Transports, carries over, ferries across, ecstacies. Enmities, hostilities, inimical feelings. -Air, aspect, light tune, one part f music, atmosphere. .Cheerfulness. Brotherly love, fraternal affection, kind feelings. -Countenance, kovm-te-nanse. (five some account of this earthquake. What constitutes lying ? What is deception / Definition, meaning, explanation. What do you understand by positive lying ! Is passive lying a very common sin ? What is a direct lie ? Tendency, effect, result, influence. Arranged, distributed, divided off, disposed of. What do you understand by lies of vanity ? Is vanity a powerful motive in the breasts of mew ? -Spring, moving engine, cause, fountain head. Virtuous, praiseworthy, proceeding from good mo tives. Spell worldly, virtuous, guilty, undoubtedly. Selfish, unworthy, self-interested, unholy. -Forbearances, omissions, refraining from bad action*, 6 62 SEQUEL TO THE to decidedly worthy motives, when I am conscious, they sprung from unworthy or unimportant ones, I listen with silent complacency, and do not positively disclaim my right to commendation ; only in the one case the lie is passive, in the other active. Lies of flattery. These lies are, generally speaking, not only unprincipled, hut offensive. There are few persons, with whom it is so difficult to keep up the rela- tions of peace and amity, as flatterers hy system and habit. The view taken hy the flatterer of the penetra- tion of the flattered is often erroneous. The really in- telligent are usually aware to how much praise and ad- miration they are entitled, be it encomium on their per- sonal or mental qualifications. Lies of fear, spring from the want of moral courage. This defect is by no means confined to any class or age. A child breaks a toy or glass, and dentes having done so. Acquaintances forget to execute commissions en- trusted to them, and either say, that they are executed when they are not, or make some false excuses for an omission which was the result of forgetfulness only. Lies of benevolence, are occasioned by a selfish dread of losing favor and provoking displeasure by speaking the truth, rather than by real benevolence. If you say, that you are looking ill, persons calling themselves be- nevolent will say that you are looking well. And this not from the desire of flattering you, nor from the ma- lignant one of wishing to render you ridiculous by im- posing on your credulity, but from the desire of making you pleased with yourself. Lies of convenience namely, the order to servants to say, " not at home," that is teaching them to lie for our convenience, is, at the same time, teaching them to lie for their own, whenever the temptation offers. Those masters and mistresses who show their domestics, that th'ey do not, themselves, value truth, degrade their own characters, will surely have servants unworthy of confi- dence, and will incur an awful guilt by endangering their servants' well being here and hereafter. Dr. John- son would not allow his servant to say he was riot at home when he really was. " A servant's strict regard far truth," said that great moralist, " must be weaken- ANALYTICAL READER. 63 .Decidedly, entirely, unequivocally, altogether. Disdain, refuse, reject, disallow, decline. Can you give any examples like those mentioned ? Commendation, praise. Change it into a verb. What are lies of flattery 1 Are not the motives of the flatterer generally very bad? Are the customs of society any good excuse 1 What do flatterers generally hope for in return 1 Amity, friendship, comity, peace,*union of feeling. .Erroneous, mistaken, false, wrong. Are flatterers very often disappointed in their object? Instead of praise in return, what do they often get ? Can men of intelligence see through the motives of the flatterer ? -Qualification, ability, talent, proviso, drawback. What do lies of fear proceed from ? What is the difference between moral and natural courage ? Are children very often guilty of lies of fear ? State some examples within your own knowledge. Are letter writers, who are unfaithful, guilty of this r lie? What are lies of benevolence? Are they rightly na- med ? Are physicians guilty of this lie in deceiving dying persons ? What reasons do they give ? Are they good ones 1 Ought we not to speak truth, and let consequences alone ? Malignant, malicious, very bad. Ridiculous, laughable, obnoxious to ridicule. Credulity, easy belief, readily believing every thing. State some examples within your own knowledge. What are lies of convenience ? What ranks in life are most guilty of this lie ? Domestics, family servants, house laborers. Well-being, welfare, happiness, prosperity. What is the consequence of learning servants to de- ceive ? Hereafter, in futurity. What time is here referred to ? Dr. Johnson. Give some account of him. See App. Moralist, writer upon morals, or ethics. 64 SEQUEL TO THE ed by the practice. A philosopher may know that it is merely a form of denial ; but few servants are such nice distinguisJters. If I accustom a servant to tell a lie for me, have I not reason to apprehend, that he will tell ma- ny lies for himself?" Lies of wantonness, are lies, which are often told from no other motive, than to show the utterer's total con- t empt for truth. Lies of Jirst rate malignity, are those intended wil- fully to destroy the reputation of men and women. There are many persons, worn both in body and mind, by the consciousness of being the object of calumnies and suspicions, which they have not the power to com- bat ; who steal broken-hearted into their graves, thank- ful for the summons of death, and hoping to find refuge from the injustice of their fellow creatures in the bosom of their Savior. Lies of second rate malignity, spring from the spirit of detraction a spirit more widely diffused in society than any other. It gives birth to satire, ridicule, mim- icry, and quizzing. Complimenting either man or wo- man, on qualities which they do not possess, in hopes of imposing on their credulity ; praising a lady's work, or dress, to her face ; and then as soon as she is no lon- ger present, not only abusing both her work and dress, but laughing at her weakness in believing the praise sin- cere ; lavishing encomiums on a man's abilities in hi* presence, and then as soon as he is out of hearing, ex- pressing wonder that he should be so blind and conceit- ed as not to know that he was in learning a smatterer, and in understanding just not a fool, are instances of lies of second rate malignity. Against these lies the laws provide no protection, arid they cannot be exceed- ed in base and petty treachery. Lying is a sin, which tempts us on every side, but it is more to be dreaded when it tempts us in the shape of what are called white lies, or little falsehoods; for against these, we are not on our guard ; and instead of looking on them as enemies, we consider them as friends. They are notwithstanding equally contrary to the will of God, and it is necessary to be watchful unto prayer, when we are tempted to commit them. " AU ANALYTICAL READER. 65 Philosopher, wise man, deeply learned, skilled in sci- ence. .Distinguishers, accurate reasoners, critical observers. -Apprehend, fear, expect, arrest, seize. What must you expect from a servant who is taught to deceive ? What are lies of wantonness 1 won'tun-nes. Malignity, maliciousness, malice, vile disposition. What are lies ojjirst rate malignity 1 Does the Jaw protect against lies of this sort ? Do you remember any instance of this kind of lying ? -Worn, wasted, enfeebled, used, not new. -Combat, kum'bat, meet, oppose, action, contest. Summons, call, imperative call, allusion from a be- sieging army. Refuge, an asylum, a retreat, an escape. Bosom of the Savior, in heaven, in a better world. What are lies of second rate malignity ? What spirit do they arise from ? To what do they give birth ? Mimicry, mocking, buffooriry, low imitation. Spell quizzing, ridiculous, detraction. Can you give instances of these from memory ? When people laugh at the defects of their fellows, are they not guilty ? Is it not a most despicable business ? Spell laughing, believing, spirit. Encomiums, praises, commendations* Abilities, talents, acquired or natural powers. Wonder, astonishment, surprise, to think strange. -Conceited, self-willed, narrow, much self-esteem. Smatterer, superficial scholar, shallow reader, igno- rant. Do the laws provide against these lies 1 Exceeded, surpassed, transcended. Petty, low, insignificant, mean, inferior. Spell treachery, tempts, learning, enemies. Have we many temptations to tell falsehoods t Are not courage, zeal, and perseverance necessary to shun them ? Where should we look for assistance 1 What is meant by white lies ? Are they displeasing to God ? 6* $6 SEQUEL TO THE truth," says Dr. Johnson, " is not of equal importance : but if little violations be allowed, every violation will m time be thought little." LESSON XIII. Practical Lies. AMELIA, OPIE. Practical lies come last on my list; lies not uttered, but acted ; dress will furnish me with most of my illus- trations. It has been said that the great art of dress is to con- ceal defects and heighten beauties ; therefore, as con- cealment is deception, this great art of dress is founded on falsehood; but, certainly, in some instances, on falsehood, comparatively of an innocent kind. If the false hair be so worn, that no one can fancy it natural ; if the bloom on the cheek is such, that it can- not be mistaken for nature ; or, if the person who u con- ceals defects, and heightens beauties," openly avows the practice, then is the deception annihilated. But, if the cheek be so artfully tinted, that its hue is mistaken for natural color ; if the false hair be so skilfully woven, that it passes for natural hair; if the crooked person, or meagre form, be so cunningly assisted by dress, that the uneven shoulder disappears, and becoming fulness succeeds to unbecoming thinness, while the man or wo- man thus assisted by art expects their charms will be imputer 1 to nature alone ; then these aids of dress par- take of the nature of other lying, and become equally vicious in the eyes of the religious and moral. I have said the man or woman thus assisted by art : and I believe that, by including the stronger sex in the above observation, I have only been strictly just. While men hide baldness by gluing a piece of false hair on their heads, meaning that it should pass for their own, and while a false calf gives muscular beauty to a shapeless leg, can the observer on human life do otherwise than include the wiser sex in the list of those who indulge in the permitted artifices and mysteries of the toilet ? Nay, bolder still are the advances of some ANALYTICAL READER. 07 Would it not be a most happy thing, if ever/ person always spoke the truth ? Notwithstanding, neverthele,3s. What are your determinations in regard to this sub- ject ? If you indulge in little violations of truth, what will be the consequence ? If you do not indulge, you will soon have a habit of truth. What do you understand by practical lies ? Illustrations, examples, instances. -Art, trade, cunning, craft, intention, skill, design. -Beauties, beautiful persons, graces, ornaments. What is said to be the great art of dress ? Is it commendable to use this art ? Why not ? -Fancy, imagination, power of mind, conceit, imagine. Bloom, ruddiness, beautiful tint. Whence the allu- sion 1 Avows, declares, proclaims, makes known. -Practice, experience, custom, habit, accustom, inure/ Annihilated, utterly destroyed, extirpated. .Hue, color, tint, appearance. Skilfully, artfully, ingeniously, with art. Meagre, me/gur, lean, starved, poor, hungry. -Form, to fashion, to make, figure, body. -Becoming, suitable, decent, proper, approaching to. Imputed, ascribed, referred, laid. When do the aids of dress partake of the nature of lying ? Vicious, offensive, wrong, bad, sinful. -Observation, remark, sight, view, prospect. Are both sexes included in this fault ? Give the instances here enumerated. Mention some instances within your recollection. -Calf, young animal, soft part of the leg. -Muscular, strong, nervous, fibrous, having the ap^ pearance of muscles. Shapeless. From what derived / Wiser sex. Which sex is intended 1 Artifices, arts, mysteries, little contrivances. Mysteries, concealed things, covered with a veil- .Toilet, toilet, dressing table. 68 SEQUEL TO THE men into its sacred mysteries. I have seen the eye- brows, even of the young, darkened by the hand of art, and their cheeks reddened by its touch ; and who has not seen in Bond-street, or the Drive, during the last twenty or thirty years certain notorious men of fashion glowing in immortal bloom, and rivalling the dashing belle beside them ? I do not wish to censure any one for having recourse to art, to hide the defects of nature ; and, I have ex- pressly said, that such practices are comparatively in- nocent ; but it seerns to me, that they cease to be inno- cent, and become passive and practical lies also, if, when men and women hear the fineness of their com- plexion, hair, or teeth, commended in their presence, they- do not own that the beauty so commended is en- tirely artificial, provided such be really the case ; But, I am far from advising any one to be guilty of the un- necessary egotism of volunteering such an assurance ; all I contend for is, that when we are praised for quali- ties, whether of mind or person, which we do not pos- sess, we are guilty of passive, if not of practical, lying, if we do not avow the mistake. Wearing paste for dia- monds, intending that the false should be taken for the true; and purchasing brooches, pins, and rings of mock jewels, intending that they should pass for real ones. Passing of gooseberry wine at dinner for real Cham- paigne, and English liquors for foreign ones. But on these occasions, the motive is not always the mean and contemptible wish of imposing on others; but it has, sometimes, its source in a dangerous as well as decep- tive ambition that of making an appearance beyond what the circumstances of the persons so deceiving re- ally warrant ; the wish to be supposed to be more opu- lent than they really are ; that most common of all practical lies ; as ruin and bankruptcy follow in its train. The lady who purchases and wears paste, which she hopes will pass for diamonds, is usually one who has no right to wear jewels at all. And the gentleman who passes off gooseberry wine for Champaigne, is, in all probability, aiming at a style of living beyond his situa- tion in society. On some occasions, however, when ladies substitute ANALYTICAL READER. SO Bondstreet, or the Drive, streets in London. Notorious, well known, notable, celebrated. Immortal bloom, unfading beauty, spoken in irony. Rivalling, emulating, equalling, standing in compe- tition with, endeavoring to excel. -Dashing, breaking in pieces, falling violently, vain, displaying. Belle, bel, gay young lady, antithesis of beau. -.Censure, find fault with, animadversion, blame. Having recourse to, resorting to. Expressly, openly, directly, without any reserve. When does art in hiding defects cease to be innocent ? What is meant by innocent in this place ? .Fineness, delicateness, beauty, elegancy. Complexion, color, looks, appearance, visage. Artificial, made, not natural, produced by art. Egotism, vanity, commendation of one's self in any way. .Volunteering, offering without solicitation, obtruding. When you are praised for something which you have not, what should you do ? If you do not refuse the commendation, of what are you guilty 1 Paste, artificial mixture in imitation of precious stones, cement made of flour and water, any viscous or te- nacious mixture. Diamonds, jewels, precious stones. Brooches, brootshes, jewels, an ornament of jewels. Gooseberry wine, wine made of gooseberries. Champaigne, sham'pane, wine from a province in France. Motive, intention, moving cause, that which excite*. Contemptible, mean, low, despicable. -Imposing on, placing on, insulting. Source, foundation, cause, fountain, origin. Opulent, rich, affluent, wealthy. What do those persons do who expend more than their income? Is it a very common lie? What are the effects ? -Style of living, manner of life, method of conducting. -Beyond, above, on the other side, ahead, further on. -Tale, fable, story, account. 70 SEQUEL TO THE paste for diamond, the substitution tells a tale of greater error still. I mean, when ladies wear mock for real jewels, because their extravagance has obliged them to raise money on the latter ; and they are therefore oblig- ed to keep up the appearance of their necessary and accustomed splendor, by a partial lie. The following is another of the practical lies in com- mon use. The medical man, who desires his servant to call him out of church, or from a party, in order to give him the appearance of the great business which he has not, is guilty not of uttering but of acting a falsehood ; and the author who makes his publisher put second and third editions before a work of which, perhaps, not even the first edition is sold. But the most fatal to the interest of others, though perhaps the most pitiable of practicable lies, are those acted by men who, though they know themselves to be in the gulf of bankruptcy, either from wishing to put off the evil day, or from the visionary hope that something will occur unexpectedly to save them, launch out into in- creased splendor of living, in order to obtain further credit, and induce their acquaintances to intrust their money to them. LESSON XIV. The same, concluded. There is, however, one practical lie, more fatal still in my opinion, because it is the practice in schools, and consequently the sin of early life, a period of existence in which it is desirable, both for general and individual good, that habits of truth and integrity should be acquir- ed and strictly adhered to. I mean the pernicious cus- tom which prevails amongst boys and probably girls, of getting their schoolfellows to do their exercises for them, or consenting to do the same office for others. Some will say, " but it will be so ill-natured to refuse to write one's schoolfellows' exercises, especially when they cannot write for themselves." But, leaving the question of truth and falsehood ANALYTICAL READER. 71 Extravagance, eks-trav'a-ganse, superfluous expense. Splendor, elegance of appearance, brilliancy. The following, the ensuing, the succeeding. Medical man, physician, practitioner in medicine. Desires, requests, solicits, asks. What is the instance of practical lying in the medical man 1 What is his motive ? Is it right ? W r hy not ? Is he generally successful in his object ? Give an original instance of the same kind. What does an author sometimes do ? Edition. What is meant by an edition ? Sold, vended, took a price for it. Fatal, destructive, ruinous to a man's property and principles. Pitiable, worthy of commiseration. What is the practical lie here mentioned ? Bankruptcy, entire loss-of property, ruin of an estate. " Gulf of bankruptcy." Why is this term used ? Put off, postpone, defer, procrastinate. Visionary, futile, nugatory, vain, like a dream or vis- ion. Launch out, plunge into. Whence the allusion 1 -Credit, character, belief, trust, believe. However, hou-ev' fir, notwithstanding. Early life, youthful days, morning of existence. Why is it desirable that good habits should be form- ed early ? Are habits of truth to be preferred in a temporal view ? Integrity, moral soundness, veracity, honesty, probity. Adhered to, observed, attended to, regarded. School-fellows, associates in study. Exercises, lessons, prescribed tasks, especially com- positions. -Office, shop, house for any business, employment, work. Ill-natured, unkind, ill-tempered. 72 SEQUEL TO THE gued a while, let us examine coolly that part of th probable good or evil done to the parties obliged. What are children sent to school for ? To learn. And when there, what are the motives to make them learn? Dread of punishment and hope of distinction and reward. There are few children so stupid, as not to be led on to industry by one or both of these motives, however indolent they may be ; but, if these motives be not allowed their proper scope of action, the stupid boy will never take the trouble to learn, if he finds he can avoid punishment, and gain reward, by prevailing on some more diligent boy to do his exercises for him. Those, therefore, who thus indulge their schoolfellows, do it at the expense of their future welfare, and are in reality foes when they fancied themselves friends. But, generally speaking, they have not even this excuse for their pernicious compliance, since it springs from want of sufficient firmness to say 710 ; and deny an earnest request at the command of principle. But, to such I would put this question, u which is the real friend to a child, the person who gives it the sweatmeats it asks for, at the risk of making it ill, merely because it were so hard, to refuse the dear little thing : or the person who, considering only the interest and health of the child, re- sists its importunities, though grieved to deny its re- quest ? No doubt that they would give the palm of real kindness, real good nature to the latter ; and in like manner the boy who refuses to do his schoolfellow's task is more truly kind, more truly goodnatured, to him than he who, by indulging his indolence, runs the risk of making him a dunce for life. But some may reply, ; ' it would make one odious in the school, were one to refuse the common compliance with the wants and wish- es of one's companions.'' Not, if the refusal were de- clared to be the result of principle, and every aid not contrary to it were offered and afforded ! and there arc many ways in which schoolfellows may assist each oth- er, without any violation of truth, and without sharing with them in the practical lie, by imposing upon their masters, as theirs, lessons which they never wrote. How often have I heard men in mature life say, " Dh ! I knew such a one at school ; he was a verr ANALYTICAL READER. 73 Examine, look into, investigate, consider. -Obliged, 6-blijd', obligated, assisted. For what are children sent to school ? Is dread of punishment a proper motive ? Is hope of distinction and reward a proper mo- tive? What are the proper motives 1 -Scope, skope, sphere, place, sufficient ground. Stupid, dull, senseless, heedless, dozing. Prevailing on, inducing, persuading. Diligent, studious, active. Therefore, consequently. Expense, loss, hazard. Welfare, good, usefulness, success, prosperity. Foe?, enemies, unfriendly, inimical. Pernicious, hurtful, ruinous. -Springs, fountains, proceeds, arises, flows, heads. Earnest, importunate, ardent. Principle, moral obligation, settled moral convic- tion. From what does this practice at schools arise ? What question doe^ the author propose ? -Hard, uncompl/mg, difficult, severe, painful. Importunities, earnest entreaties, untimely requests. Grieved, hurt, sorry, pained. -Palm, ipiier part of the hand, tree, meed, reward. Good nature, kind disposition. Indolence, idleness, laziness, slothful disposition. Dunce, foolish fellow, blockhead. Odious, hateful, abominable, detested. One, single, alone, a single individual. Companions, associates, mates. .Refusal, denial. By refusing to do another's task would you violate friendship 1 Ought you to assist in every proper way? What is meant by violating principle ? Is it the same as telling a lie ? What very important law do you break by violating principle 7 Mature, full, manly, ripe. 74 SEQUEL TO THE good fellow, but so dull ! I have often done his exercis- es for him." Or 1 have heard the contrary asserted, " Such a one was a very clever boy at school indeed : he has done many an exercise for me ; for he was very good natured." Arid in neither case was the speaker conscious that he had been guilty of the meanness of de- ception himself or been accessary to it in another. Parents also correct their children's exercises, and thereby enable them to put a deceit on their master ; not only by this means convincing their offspring of their own total disregard of truth ; a conviction doubt- less most pernicious in its effects on their young minds ; but as full of folly as it is of laxity of principle : since the deceit cannot fail of being detected, whenever the parents are not at hand to afford their assistance. But is it necessary that this school delinquency should ex- ist ? Is it not advisable that children should learn the rudiments of truth, rather than falsehood, with those of their mother tongue and the classics ? Surely parents ought to be tremblingly solicitous that their chil- dren should always speak truth, and be corrected for falsehood. Yet, of what use would it be to correct a child for telling a spontaneous lie, on the impulse of strong temptation, if that child be in the daily habit of deceiving his master on system, and of assisting others to do so 1 While the present practice with regard to exercise making exists ; while boys and girls go up to their preceptors with lies in their hands, whence, some- times, no doubt, they are transferred to their lips ; eve- ry hope that truth will be taught in schools, as a neces- sary moral duty, must be totally, and forever, annihilate ed. LESSON XV. Omnipresence of Deity. SPIRIT AND MANNERS OF THE AGE. Above below where'er I gaze, Thy guiding finger, Lord, I view, Trac'd in the midnight planet's blaze, ANALYTICAL READER. 75 What is meant by " good fellow" in this case ? Heard, herd. Compliance, kom-pli' anse. Assented, declared, said, made known. Clever, obliging, ingenious, apt, promising. -Done, performed, completed, set aside. Deception, lying, deceiving, falsehood. Accessary to, knowing to, helping of, partner of. -Correct, amend, chastise, take out defects. -Put, impose, place, lay down, practice. -Offspring, of 7 spring, children, generation, produc- tion. tfpell doubtless, pernicious, principle. What bad practice of parents is here noticed ? Can the deceit fail of being detected 1 Is such a prac- tice very foolish 1 Delinquency, fault, failure, deception. Rudiments, first principles, elements. Mother tongue, own language, vernacular speech. Classics, writers of standard reputation, Greek and Roman authors. .Tremblingly. Change it into a verb. -Spontaneous, natural, unprovoked, ready. System, regular manner, steadily. Preceptors, masters, teachers, instructors. Lies in their hands. Why is this expression used ? No doubt, dout, without controversy, doubtless. Transferred, carried, borne. Moral, of moral obligation, religious. Totally, radically, entirely, wholly. Omnipresence, compounded of two Latin words, un- bounded presence, ubiquity. Deity, divine being, the nature and essence of God, the supposed divinity of a heathen god, a fabulous god. Above, over head, on the natural heavens. Below, on earth, in opposition to heaven. .Gaze, look intently and earnestly. .Guiding finger, wisely directing power. Midnight planet's. What is meant by it ? Traced, marked out, discovered by remaining marks. SEQUEL TO THE Or glistening in the morning dew ; Whate'er is beautiful or fair, Is but thine own reflection there. I hear thee in the stormy wind, That turns the ocean wave to foam ; Nor less thy wond'rous power I find, When summer airs around me roam ; The tempest and the calm declare Thyself for thou art every where. I find thee in the noon of night, And read thy name in every star That drinks its splendor from the light That flows from mercy's beaming car : Thy footstool, Lord, each starry gem Composes not thy diadem. And when the radiant orb of light Hath tipp'd the mountain tops with gold* Smote with the blaze, my wearied sight Shrinks from the wonders I behold ; That ray of glory, bright and fair, Is but thy living shadow there. Thine is the silent noon of night, The twilight eve the dewy morn ; Whate'er is beautiful and bright, Thine hands have fashiori'd to adorn : Thy glory walks in every sphere, And all things whisper, " God is here !'* LESSON XVI. The Voyage of Life; an Allegory. DR. JOHNSON, " Life," says Seneca, " is a voyage, in the progress of which we are perpetually changing our scenes. We first leave childhood behind us, then youth, then the years of ripened manhood, then the better, or more pleasing part of old age." The perusal of this passage having excited in me a train of reflections on the state ANALYTICAL READER. 77 Glistening, glis's'ning, sparkling with light. -Whatever. From what derived 7 What does it im- port? Thine own reflection, the image of thyself throwr* back, or reflected. Wind, motion of the air, direction of the blast from a particular point. .Foam, agitated waters, froth, white substance which fermentation gathers on the surface of liquors. Nor less, &c. The power that produces the calm- ness of a summer's day is not less remarkable, than that which " rides on the whirlwind, and directs the storm." Noon of night. What time is intended by this ex- pression 7 Whence its propriety 7 Read thy name, &c. Whose name 7 In what sense is this true 7 Drinks. What figure is here used 7 Mercy's beaming car. Give the literal meaning of the words separately. Give the figurative mean- ing. Diadem, crown, mark of royalty worn on the head. This couplet implies that the invisible glory of God vastly transcends all that can be seen in the natural world. " How little a portion can be known of Him !" .Radiant, shining, emitting rays. What is meant by radiant orb 7 Tipped, to cover the top, end, or extremities. With gold, golden color. -.Sight. Spell wearied, shrinks, bright. Shadow, imperfect and faint representation. In what sense may Deity be seen in all these objects 7 be heard in the storm, wind, &c. 7 They are proof* of infinite power, wisdom, and goodness, such as belong only to God. What is an allegory 7 Does it often occur ? See App. Who was Seneca 7 Did he teach the Christian mor- ality 7 -Ripened, full, mellow, ready for use, mature. .Perusal, reading, examination. Reflections, thoughts, censures, throwing back. 78 SEQUEL TO THE of man, the incessant fluctuation of his wishes, tlh gradual change of his disposition to all external objects, and the thoughtlessness with which he floats along the stream of time, I sunk into a slumber amidst my medi- tations, and, on a sudden, found my ears filled with the tumult of labor, the shouts of alacrity, the shrieks ot" alarm, the whistle of winds, and the dash of waters. My astonishment for a time repressed my curiosity ; but soon recovering myself so far as to inquire whither we were going, and what was the cause of such clamor and confusion, I was told that we were launching into the ocean of life ; that we had already passed the straits of infancy, in which multitudes have perished, some by the weakness and fragility of their vessels, and more by the folly, perverseness, or negligence, of those who un- dertook to steer them ; and that we were now on the main sea, abandoned to the winds and billows, without any other means of security than the care of the pilot, whom it is always in our power to choose, among great numbers that offer their direction and assistance. I then looked round with anxious eagerness: and, first turning my eyes behind me, saw a stream flowing- through flowery islands, which every one that sailed along seemed to behold with pleasure ; but no sooner touched them, than the current, which though not noisy or turbulent, was yet irresistible, bore him away. Be- yond these islands, all was darkness ; nor could any of the passengers describe the shore at which he first em- barked. Before me, and on each side, was an expanse of wa- ters violently agitated, and covered with so thick a mist, that the most perspicacious eyes could see but a little way. It appeared to be full of rocks and whirlpools ; for many sunk unexpectedly while they were courting the gale with full sails, and insulting those whom they had left behind. So numerous, indeed, were the dan- gers, and so thick the darkness, that no caution could confer security. Yet there were many, who, by false intelligence betrayed their followers into whirlpools, or by violence pushed those whom they found in their way against the rocks. The current was invariable and insurmountable : but ANALYTICAL READER. 79 ^Fluctuation, changes, motion of the waves. .Thoughtlessness, state of being without thought. Stream of time. From what object is the metaphor taken 1 Alacrity, sprightly movement, cheerfulness, readiness. .Shrieks, shreeks, cries of anguish or horror. Repressed, silenced, crushed, put down. .Launching, lansh'ing. Whence the figure ? .Straits, difficulties, narrow passages from one sea to> another. Fragility, brittleness, easily broken. What is meant by the vessels 1 Spell perverseness, negligence, ocean. Main sea. What is meant by this? Billows, bil'los, waves swollen. Who is meant by the pilot 7 "Direction, de-rek'shuu. Eagerness, earnestness. Through, throo, from end to end. Islands. What are islands ? Touched, came to, moved. Turbulent, violent, passionate, cross. .Current. What is intended by this ? What is meant by the islands ? Embarked, went on board the ship. Expanse, the sky, the level extension. .Perspicacious, quicksighted, keen to discern. .Whirlpools, water moving circularly. What are oft' Norway 1 Courting the gale, soliciting the wind. What period of life is here represented? Dangers, darie'jurs, perils, hazards. Confer, kon-fer, bestow, compare, to discourse with one another. Betrayed, became faithless to, abandoned, delivered up. Followers. Change it into a verb. Which is the primitive ? Against, a-genst'. .Invariable, constant, unalterable. Insurmountable, not to be overcome, invincible. SO SEQUEL TO THE though it was impossible to sail against it, or to return to the place that was once passed, yet it was not so vio- lent as to allow no opportunity for dexterity or courage ; since though none could retreat back from danger, yet they might often avoid it by oblique direction. It was, however, not very common to steer with much care or prudence; for, by some universal infatuation, every man appeared to think himself safe, though he saw his con- sorts every moment sinking around him ; and no sooner had the waves closed over them, than their fate and mis- conduct were forgotten ; the voyage was pursued with the same jocund confidence ; every man congratulated himself upon the soundness of his vessel, and believed himself able to stem the whirlpool in which his friend was swallowed, or glide over the rocks on which he was dashed ; nor was it often observed that the sight of a wreck made any man change his course. If he turned aside for a moment, he soon forgot the rudder, and left himself again to the disposal of chance. This negligence did riot proceed from indifference, or from weariness of their present condition ; for not one of those who thus rushed upon destruction, failed, when he was sinking, to call loudly upon his associates for that help which could not now be given him : and many spent their last moments in cautioning others, against the folly by which they were intercepted in the midst of their course. Their benevolence was some- times praised, but their admonitions were unregarded. The vessels in which we had embarked, being con- fessedly unequal to the turbulence of the stream of life, were visibly impaired in the course of the voyage, so that every passenger was certain, that how long soever he might, by favorable accidents, or by incessant vigi- lauce, be preserved, he must sink at last. LESSON XVII. The same> concluded. This necessity of perishing might have been expect- ed to sadden the gay, and intimidate the daring; at least ANALYTICAL READER. 81 Passed, past. Spell opportunity, violent, courage, since. Dexterity, good management, nimbleness, cunning. None, nun, not any one. -.Oblique direction, ob-like', indirect course, not par- allel. .Infatuation, madness, being struck with folly. Consorts, companions, partners. Waves closed over them. What is here meant ? Misconduct, errors in conduct. Of what compounded ? Jocund, merry, airy, laughing. .Congratulated, wished joy to, complimented. Stem, meet, encounter, sprout, stock, generation. Swallowed, swoMod, absorbed, taken in. -Dashed, driven upon, broken. Sight of a wreck. What does it mean 1 Rudder, part that steers a ship, helm. Chance, tshanse, fortune. Is there any such thing ? Spell neglige nee, disposal, weariness. Destruction, de-struk'shun. Sinking. What is understood by this ? Associates. Who are they ? , Last moments, of what ? Intercepted, stopped, interrupted. Spell necessity, turbulence, voyage. Had embarked. Are all mankind embarked ? Impaired, weakened. In what manner impaired ? Passenger, pas'sin-jur, way-faring man, traveller. Certain. How could they gain this certainty ? At last. What time is here referred to ? Perishing. From what derived 1 Sadden. Change it into an adjective into a noun into an adverb. Intimidate, frighten, dishearten, deprive of cour- age. 82 SEQUEL TO THE to keep the melancholy and timorous in perpetual tor- ments, and hinder them from any enjoyment of the va- rieties and gratifications which nature offered them as a solace of their labors ; yet in effect none seemed less to expect destruction than those to whom it was most dreadful ; they all had the art of concealing their dan- ger from themselves ; and those who knew their inabil- ity to hear the sight of the terrors that embarrassed their way, took care never to look forward ; but found some amusement of the present moment, and generally entertained themselves by playing with Hope, who was the constant associate of the voyage of Life. Yet all that hope ventured to promise, even to those whom she favored most, was, not that they should escape, but that they should sink at last; and with this promise every one was satisfied, though he laughed at the rest for seeming to believe it. Hope, indeed, apparently mock- ed the credulity of her companions ; for, in proportion as their vessels grew leaky, she redoubled her assuran- ces of safety ; and none were more busy in making pre- paration for a long voyage, than they whom all but themselves saw likely to perish soon by irreparable de- cay. In the midst of the current of Life, was the gulf of In- temperance, a dreadful whirlpool, interspersed with rocks, of which the pointed crags were concealed under water, and the tops covered with herbage, on which, Ease spread couches of repose; and with shades where pleasure warbled the song of invitation. Within sight of these rocks, all who sail on the ocean of life must necessarily pass. Reason, indeed, was always at hand, to steer the passengers through the narrow outlet by which they might escape ; but very few could, by her entreaties or remonstrances, be induced to put the rud- der into her hand, without stipulating that she should approach so near the rocks of Pleasure, that they might solace themselves with a short enjoyment of that deli- cious region; after which they determined to pursue their course without any deviation. Reason was too often prevailed upon so far by these promises, as to venture her charge without the eddy of the gulf of Intemperance where, indeed, the circumvo- ANALYTICAL READER, 83 Timorous, fearful, cowardly. Spell melancholy, perpetual, varieties. Nature. What is meant by this term 1 Solace of, balm for, consolation. Dreadful, dred'ful, tremendous. Art of concealing. What was it ? Embarrassed, hindered, perplexed. Amusement. Change it into a verb. Which is the primitive ? Playing with hope. What is this sport ? -Associate, attendant, companion, unite. Escape. From what ? Promise. What is a promise ? -Apparently, ap-pa'rent-le, openly, not really. Credulity, easiness of belief, foolish confidence. Leaky. In what period of life does this take place 1 Spell satisfied, redoubled, voyage. More busy. Was this an act of wisdom 1 Spell provisions, irreparable, water, gulf. Irreparable, not to be repaired, unavoidable. Intemperance, excess, inebriation. .Interspersed, scattered among, abounding. Pointed crags. What is meant by them ? .Herbage, er'bidje, grass, plants. Ease. What is a personification 1 See App. Warbled the song. Whence is the figure deriv- ed? Necessarily, of inevitable consequence, unavoida- bly. Reason. Is this an important faculty of the mind 1 Outlet. Why is this outlet called narrow ? Remonstrances, strong reasons, pleadings against. Stipulating, agreeing, bargaining. Rocks of pleasure. Why is this image used ? Delicious, delightful, agreeable to the senses. Deviation, turning, going aside. Eddy, a whirling in the water. Gulf of intemperance. Are many lost in this gulf? Circumvolution, rolling round. 84 SEQUEL TO THE lution was weak, but yet interrupted the course of the vessel, and drew it by insensible rotations, towards tjie centre. She then repented her temerity, and with all her force endeavored to retreat ; but the draught of the gulf was generally too strong to be overcome ; and the passenger having danced in circles with a pleasing and giddy velocity, was at last overwhelmed and lost. Those few whom Reason was able to extricate, generally suf- fered so many shocks upon the points which shot out from the rocks of pleasure, that they were unable to continue their course with the same strength and facil- ity as before ; but floated along timorously and feebly, endangered by every breeze, and shattered by every ruf- fle of ^he water, till they sunk, by slow degrees, after long struggles, and innumerable expedients, always re- pining at their own folly, and warning others against the first approach towards the gulf of Intemperance. There were artists who professed to repair the breach- es and stop the leaks, of the vessels which had been shattered on the rocks of Pleasure. Many appeared to have great confidence in their skill ; and some, indeed, were preserved by it from sinking, who had received on- ly a single blow ; but I remarked that few vessels lasted long which had been much repaired ; nor was it found that the artists themselves continued afloat longer than those who had least of their assistance. The onty advantage which, in the voyage of Life, the cautious had above the negligent, was that they sunk la- ter, and more suddenly ; for they had passed forward till they had sometimes seen all those in whose company they had issued from the straits of infancy, perish in the way ; and were at last overset by a cross- breeze, with- out the toil of resistance, or the anguish of expectation. But such as had often fallen against the rocks of Pleasure, commonly subsided by sensible degrees ; con- tended long with the encroaching waters ; and harassed themselves by labors that scarcely Hope herself could flatter with success. As I was looking upon the various fates of the multi- tude about me, I was suddenly alarmed by some un- known power : " Gaze not idly upon others, when thou thyself art sinking. Whence is this thoughtless Iran- ANALYTICAL READER. 85 Interrupted, stopped, impeded, hindered, flotations, whirlings, vicissitudes. .Temerity, rashness, inconsiderate boldness. -.Draught, rough sketch, drawing in, quantity of liquor to be taken at once. Endeavored, made an effort. Danced, dansd. Velocity, swiftness, rapidity. ^Overwhelmed, covered over, buried. Extricate, set free, disembarrass, recover. Shocks. What is to be understood by shocks ? Facility, ease, readiness, promptitude. -Innumerable, numberless, without number. Expedients, devices, shifts. They sunk. What persons are these ? First, furst. Artists, skilful workmen. Who are these artists ? .Breaches, leaks. -Gulf, pit, abyss. -Remarked, observed, said, made a saying. Repaired, mended, went to. Afloat. What is meant by being afloat 1 Continued, kon-t!n x ud. Advantage, ad-van'tadje, superiority, gain, profit. More suddenly* Why did they sink more suddenly ? Those. What persons are intended ? -.Issued, ish'shud, came out, proceeded, descended. Cross-breeze, counter wind. What does it represent ? Expectation. Does it differ from hope ? Subsided, sunk, calmed down. -.Sensible, visible, reasonable, judicious. .Harassed, har'assd, vexed, fatigued. -Scarcely, skarse'le. Hope. Why of the feminine gender ? Fates, destinies, circumstances, fortunes. -Power, authority, superior beings. .Tranquillity, calmness, composure. Jdly, lazily, carelessly. .Endangered, derived from danger, exposed. Spell intemperance, gaze, equally. 8 86 SEQUEL TO THE quillity, when thou and they are equally endangered ?" I looked, and seeing the gulf of Intemperance before me, started and awaked. LESSON XVIII. Montpelier THE TOKEN. How fair, beneath Virginian skies, Montpelier strikes the traveller's eyes ; Emerging from its forest bower. Like feudal chieftian's lonely tower ; With parks, and lawns, and gardens drest ; In peaceful verdure proudly blest. What blended charms arrest the sight ! The distant mountain's misty height, The circling prospect's cultured bound, The echoing temple's attic round, The locust-copse, where warblers throng And pour to heaven the festal song, The flowers in bright profusion seen, The luscious fig's luxuriant green, The clasping vines, whose clusters fair Seem as of genial France the care, The bright eyed pheasant, beauteous guest, The eastern bird With gorgeous vest, Still for bis mimic speech caress'd, The snowy jessamine that towers Soft curtain of the mighty bowers ; While " China's pride" to favoring rays Its purple, pensile spikes displays ; Those halls, whose various stores impart The classic pencil's magic art, The chisel's life-bestowing power, The lore that cheats the studious hour, And music's strains, which vainly vie With the touch'd spirit's melody. Here wisdom rests in sylvan shade, Which once an empire's councils sway'd And goodness, whose persuasive art So justly won that empire's heart ; ANALYTICAL READER. 87 .Montpelier, seat of James Madison, late President of the United States. Where are other places of the same name ? Beneath Virginian skies, in the State or climate of Virginia. Strikes, appears to, affects, acts upon, inflicts a blow. .Emerging, rising from. Bower, shade, screen, arbor. .Feudal chieftain's, lord of a district of country, where vassals pay him fees, rents, or some service, as the tenure by which they hold their lands, tenements, &c. of him. Parks, grounds inclosed and stored with beasts of chase. Lawn opening between woods. .Verdure, ver' jiire, green, greenness, fresh foliage. Misty, clouded, overspread with mist, indistinct. Circling prospect. How would you take such a pros- pect ? Attic, from Attica, or Athens, a kind of architecture common at Athens. Copse, short wood. Warblers. What are they ? Festal, joyous, belonging to a feast. Luscious, delightful, pleasing, excessively sweet. Genial France. A country of which the vine is a na- tive. Pheasant, a beautiful large bird of game, nearly alli- ed in nature to common poultry. ' Eastern bird. To what bird does this description apply ? .Jessamine, a very elegant and fragrant flower. Why is it called a curtain of the bowers ? Favoring, helping, supporting, nourishing. -Spikes, ears of corn, long pointed leaves, iron nails, species of lavender. Pencil's magic art, paintings. Chisel's power, statues, works of the sculptor. Lore, learning, instruction, collection of books. Cheats, causes to pass away imperceptibly. .Vie, contest, strive as a competitor. What is the meaning of this couplet ? Wisdom, wise man, the abstract for the concrete. Bv what figure'? Won, gained. Heart, love, esteem, affection. SEQUEL TO THE And piety, with hoary hair, Who rising o'er this Eden fair, Beholds, by mortal steps imtrod, A brighter Eden with its God. Montpelier ! these thy name have set A gein in Memory's coronet, Whose lustre ruthless time shall spare Till from her brow that crown he tear, Till from her page that trace he rend Which of a stranger made a friend. LESSON XIX. Pic-nie. MRS. BARBAULD. Pray, mamma, what is the meaning of pic-nic 1 I have heard lately once or twice of a pic-nic supper, and I cannot think what it means ; I looked for the word in Johnson's Dictionary and could not find it. I should wonder if you had ; the word was not coin- ed in Johnson's time ; and if it had been, I believe he would have disdained to insert it among the legitimate words of the language. I cannot tell you the derivation of the phrase ; I believe pic-nic is originally a cant word, and was first applied to a supper or other meal in which the entertainment is not provided by any one person, but each of the guests furnishes his own dish.. In a pie-nic supper one supplies the fowls, another the fish, another the wine and fruit, &c. ; and they all sit down together and enjoy it. " It is a very sociable way of making an entertain- ment." Yes, and I would have you observe, that the princi- ple of it may be extended to many other things. No* one has a right to be entertained gratis in society ; he must expend, if he wishes to enjoy. Conversation is particularly a pic-nic feast, where every one is to contri- bute something, according to his genius and ability. Different talents and acquirements compose the differ- ent dishes of the entertainment, and the greater variety, the better; but every one must bring something, for ANALYTICAL READER. 89 .iloary, ho 7 re, white, gray with age. Eden. By what figure is this spot so called 1 Beholds. Through what medium 1 By mortal steps uutrod. Its happy occupants are not subject to mortality, death hath no more dominion over them. These. What? Gem, jewel, precious stone. .Coronet, crown. What is the meaning of the couplet in plain language ? Ruthless, root/i* les, cruel, pitiless. Spare, suffer to continue, save, forbear. Brow, forehead, lock of hair over the eye. Her page. Whose page ? By what figure 1 Trace, that which is recorded, mark, footstep. Mamma, mam-ma. -Pray, make petition to heaven, please, hearken. -Looked for, searched for. ^Dictionary, lexicon, vocabulary. .Coined, made, stamped as money, made into money. Johnson's time, time when he lived, Who was John- son 1 Disdained, scorned, considered as unworthy his char- acter. Insert, put in, place, put among other things. Legitimate, authorized, lawful, sanctioned. Cant, corrupt, dialect, used by the vulgar. .Phraze, fraze, idiom, mode of speech, expression. .Entertainment, repast, refreshment, supper, Guests, gsts, strangers, persons entertained in the house of another. ^Supplies, furnishes, relieves, fills up deficiencies, .Sociable, familiar, friendly, companionable, talka- tive. -Way, method, path, course, direction. Principle, element, constituent part fundamental truth. Extended, from tend, reached out, carried. Gratis, gratuitously, without cost to one's self. .Conversation, from converse. Contribute, kon-trib'ute, bring in, furnish, give. .Acquirements, acquisitions, what is gamed by study. Ability, power of doing, wealth, influence. -Compose, make up, write music. 8* 90 SEQUEL TO THE society will not tolerate any one long who lives wholh at the expense of his neighbors. Did you not observe how agreeably we were entertained at Lady Isabella's party last night ? Yes: one of the young Ladies sung, and another exhibited her drawings ; and a gentleman told some very good stones. True : another lady who is very much in the fashionable world, gave us a great deal of anecdote ; Dr. R., who is just returned from the continent, gave us an interesting account of the state of Germany ; and in another part of the room a cluster was gathered round an Edinburgh student and a young Oxonian, who were holding a lively debate on the pow- er of galvanism. But Lady Isabella herself was the charm of the party. I think she talked very little ; and I do not recollect any thing she said which was particularly striking. That is true. But it was owing to her address and attention to her company that others talked and werr heard by turns ; that the modest were encouraged, and drawn out, and those inclined to be noisy restrained and kept in order. She blended and harmonised the talents of each ; brought those together, who were likely to be agreeable to each other, and gave us no more of herself than was necessary to set off others. I noticed partic- ularly her good offices to an accomplished but very bashful lady and reserved man of science, who wished much to be known to one another, but who never would have been so without her introduction. As soon as sho had fairly engaged them in an interesting conversation, the left them regardless of her own entertainment, and seated herself by poor Mr. , purely because he was sitting in a corner and no one attended to him. You know that in chemical preparations two sub- stances often require a third, to enable them to mix and unite together. Lady Isabella possesses this amalga- mating power : this is what she brings to the pic-nic. I should add, that two or three times I observed she dexterously changed topics, and suppressed stories which were likely to bear hard on the professions or connec- tions of some of the company. In short, the party which was so agreeable under her harmonising influ- ence, would have had quite a different aspect without ANALYTICAL READER. 91 Tolerate, endure, countenance, suffer, allow so as not to hinder. *Lives, is supported. .Agreeably, from agree. Change it into a noun. Exhibited, brought forth, showed, made to appear* Drawings, from draw, delineations, representations on paper. .Fashionable, from fashion, genteel, polite. Anecdote, something yet unpublished, biographical incident. Continent, all Europe, excepting Great Britain, is called the continent* Germany. Where is Germany 1 see maps. Cluster, company, collection, bunch of grapes. Edinburgh. Where situate ? What do you know of it / Oxonjan, student from Oxford University. .Galvanism, from Golvani, an Italian who discovered it, a name given to an influence produced by two metals on the muscles. -Striking, affecting, surprising* . \ttention. From what derived ? By turns, alternately, naturally* Modest, retiring, bashful, timid. Talents, abilities, pieces of money, skill. Set off, make appear to advantage, show well. Offices, attentions, duties, marks of respect, honor*, .Accomplished, well educated, refined, learned. Science. Are science and literature the same thing ' -Fairly, beautifully, cornmodiously, completely. Regardless, unmindful, careless, inattentive. -Purely, innocently, without guilt, merely. Sitting. Why would not setting be proper 1 Chemical, relating to chemistry, an art by which sub- stances are separated. Enable, make able, qualify, fit. From what derived 1 Amalgamating, uniting metals, mixing, connecting. -Power, property, influence, might, strength. Topics, subjects, heads of discourse, matters of con- versation. Professions, vocations, callings, businesses. Connections, from connect, relations, kindred. Aspect, appearance, countenance, look. 92 SEQUEL TO THE her. These merits, however, might easily escape a young observer. But I dare say you did not fail to no- tice Sir Henry B 's lady, who was declaiming with so much enthusiasm, in the midst of a circle of gentle- men which she had drawn around her, upon the beau ideal. No indeed, mamma; I never heard so much fire and feeling : and what a flow of elegant language 1 I do not wonder her eloquence was so much admired. She has a great deal of eloquence and taste : she has- travelled and is acquainted with the best works of art. I am not sure, however, whether the gentlemen were admiring most her declamation or the fine turn of her hands and arms. She has a different attitude for every sentiment. Some observations which she made upon the beauties of statues seemed to me to go to the verge of what a modest female will allow herself to say upon such subjects, but she has travelled. She was sensi- ble that she could not fail to gain by the conversation, while beauty of form was the subject of it. Pray what did , thegreat poet, bring to the pic-nic, for I think he hardly opened his mouth 1 He brought his fame. Many would be gratified with merely seeing him who had entertained them in their closets ; and he who had so entertained them had a right to be himself entertained in that way which he had no talent for joining in. Let every one, I repeat, bring to the entertainment something of the best he possesses, m\d the pic-nic table will seldom fail to afford a plenti- ful banquet. LESSON XX. Lines written in the Church Yard of Richmond, York- shire, England. Matt. xvii. 4. HERBERT RNOWLES. Methinks it is good to be here, If thou wilt let us build : but for whom 1 Nor Moses, nor Elias appear, But the shadows of eve, that encompass the gloom, The abode of the dead and the place of the tomb. ANALYTICAL READER. 9tf -Merits, deserts, claims, excellencies, good qualities. Declaiming, speaking loudly, rehearsing. -Enthusiasm, en-^u'zhe-azm, excited feeling. Beau ideal, bo-i-de'al, imaginary standard of perfect beauty. -Fire, excited sensation, passion, caloric, heat. Flow. What is her language likened to 1 Great deal, abundance, redundancy. Taste, nice judgment, delicate and correct feeling. Art, the power of doing something not taught by na- ture. Sure, shtire, certain. Declamation, from declaim, speaking. -Turn, gesticulation, movement, gesture. -Sentiment, expression, feeling, opinion, principle. .Statues, images, solid representations of any living beings. -Verge, edge, margin, limit. Allow, permit, grant as good, suffer. -Sensible, convinced, knowing, abounding in sense. -Subject, topic, matter, one living under the domin- ion of another. -.Travelled, been abroad, labored, toiled. Spell beauties, closets, entertainment, joining. Fame, reputation, honor, renown. Gratified, pleased, delighted, requited with a recom- pense. Closets, close places, places of retirement, from close. -Right, just claim, privilege, justice. -Way, manner, method, path, road. Afford, yield, furnish, bear the expense. Banquet, feast, sumptuous entertainment. Table, furnished with food for the body or the mind. Give the passage in Matthew here referred to. Who were the persons present at the transfiguration 'I Where is the history of Elias or Elijah found ? Eve, evening, twilight. Encompass, surround, envelope, environ, 04 SEQUEL TO THE Shall we build to ambition ? oh no ; Affrighted he shrinketh away ; For see they would pin him below In a small narrow cave, and begirt with cold clav To the meanest of reptiles a peer and a prey. To beauty ? oh no ; she forgets The charms which she wielded before, Nor knows the foul worm, that he frets The skin, which but yesterday fools would adore For the smoothness it held, or the tint, which it wore. Shall we build to the purple of pride, The trappings which dizzen the proud ? Alas ! they are all laid aside, And here's neither dress nor adornment allow'd But the long winding-sheet, and the fringe of the shroud. To riches ? Alas ! 'tis in vain, Who hid, in their turns have been hid, The treasures are squander'd again, And here in the grave are all metals forbid But the tinsel, which shone on the dark coffin lid. To the pleasures which mirth can afford 1 The revel, the laugh and the jeer ? Oh here ! is a plentiful board, But the guests are all mute, on their pitiful cheer, And none but the worm is a reveller here. Shall we build to affection and love ? Ah no ! they have withered and died, Or fled with the spirit above. Friends, brothers and sisters are laid side by side. Yet none have saluted and none hare replied. Unto sorrow ? the dead cannot grieve, Not a sob, not a sigh meets mine ear Which compassion itself could relieve ; Ah sweetly they slumber, nor hope love nor fear, Peace, peace is the watchword, and the only one here. ANALYTICAL READER. 95 .Build, erect a tabernacle, or tent. .Ambition, love of distinction, emulation. -Pin, fasten, confine, small wedge, wire. Reptiles, rep' tiles, creeping things, worms. Peer, an equal, lord, nobleman. Wielded, displayed, brandished, set off. Frets, defaces, despoils, teases, eats, feeds upon. Yesterday, yes' tur-da. Why is it foolish to love mere beauty ? Tint, hue, die, color, charm. Purple, red garments, which kings wore. -Pride, high self-esteem, proud men, haughtiness. Dizzen, distract, bewilder, make them lose their sen* ses. Winding sheet, cloth wrapped around the dead. vShroud, shroud, dress of the dead, shelter, rope. In vain, to no purpose, useless, fruitless, idle. Where have they been hid ? Squandered, spent, lavished, expended. Tinsel, metal plate inscribed with the name of the dead. Why is the coffin lid called dark. Jeer, scoff, taunt, biting jest, sarcasm, witticism. -Board, flat piece of wood, table food, nutriment. Guests, invited persons. Whom does the poet injenn ? -Cheer, animate, stir up, food, sustenance. Why is the worm said to be a reveller 1 Is build used figuratively, or literally ? .Withered, faded, languished, often said of flowers. Spirit, soul. Whither does it go after death ? Saluted, addressed, welcomed, hailed. None. From what derived ? Why is the grave called the land of silence ? Compassion itself the most compassionate person, 44 The clods of the valley shall be sweet unto him." Why are the dead said to slumber ? Watchword, sign used by sentinels to recognize eack other. 96 SEQUEL TO THE Unto death ? to whom monarchs must bow 1 Ah no ! for his empire is known, And here there are trophies enough ; Beneath the cold dead and around the dark stone Are the signs of a sceptre, which none must disown. % The first tabernacle to Hope we will build, And look for the sleepers around us to rise ; The second to Faith, which ensures it fulfilled, The third to the Lamb of the great sacrifice, Who bequeathed us them both, when he rose to the skies. LESSON XXL The Pensioner. CHRISTIAN SPECTATOR. A few years since, for the restoration of my health, I resolved to visit the waters of Lake George, and the country adjacent. This section of country is well known ; for independent of its neighborhood to the fort, and bat- 1 le ground of Ticonderoga, where many a warrior bled in our revolutionary struggle, its scenes, in themselves, are objects of great interest. The passing stranger can scarcely refrain from feeling very sublime emotions, as he rambles over the ground, and surveys the ruins of the old fort, now almost gone to decay. He cannot well refrain, if he possesses a tolerable share of imagi- nation, from calling to his mind the heroes, and strug- gles of other times. He will fancy he can almost hear the savage yell, and see uplifted the murderous toma- hawk^ can almost hear the roar of thundering cannon, and see fall the groups of the dying. But grand, awful, and interesting as may be the emotions, which imagina- tion and recollection awaken, while recalling the deeds of days gone by ; they can scarcely transcend those., which he feels, while he surveys the sublime scenes opened to his view, in every direction around Lake George. The beautiful transparency of the waters, and the grandeur of the neighboring mountains, which seem to rise out of the very waves, and by which they ANALYTICAL READER. 97 Monarehs, sovereigns, kings, absolute rulers. For what reason is death said to have an empire T , Trophies, signs of victory, spoils, booty* What are the spoils of death ? Disown, disavow, refuse to acknowledge. Hope, expectation of immortal glory. Rise, awake. What day is intended ? * Faith, trust, confidence in the sayings of God, accom- panied with a love for them. Lamb. Who is intended ? Why called a Lamb ? Bequeathed, left as a legacy, gave as an inheritance. Resolved, determined, purposed, designed. Lake George. Give a description of this lake. See maps. Adjacent, lying near, adjoining. -Section, tract, district, part of a book, act of cut- ting. Fort, a fortified house, a castle. Ticonderoga. Where situate ? .Revolutionary struggle, war for independence. Rambles, wanders, irregular excursions. Ruins, remains, desolations, destroys. Imagination, a power of the human mind, fancy. Heroes, eminently brave men, illustrious characters. Savage yell, Indian war-hoop, terriffic shout. Murderous, destructive, bloody, guilty of murder. Tomahawk, an Indian hatchet. Thundering, loud ro&ring, like thunder. .Groups, groops, crowds, clusters, huddles together. Recollection, memory, remembrance. Transparency, clearness, power of transmitting hght. ^Grandeur, sublimity, splendor magnificence. 9 98 SEQUEL TO THE are pent up in one vast reservoir; produce in the mind of him, who loves to contemplate nature in her noblest and richest apparel, a state of the most interested and delicious feeling. What traveller has passed this place and did not feel himself transported at the sight of Roger's Rock, stretching its proud summit to the sky. Often does the stranger, as he is gliding swiftly down the lake, when he comes within full view of this rock, re- quest the watermen to rest on their oars that he may contemplate its sublimity in silence. I can distinctly recollect my emotions, on first seeing it. I had heard its story, and the circumstances which gave name to it, and fancied I could almost see the bold Rogers, and his daring followers, descending its steep and then icy declivity , with the rapidity of lightning, and the aston- ished and blood thirsty savages, shouting above, on its bleak summit, whence none but themselves would have dared to descend. It was such scenes that I intended to make niy study, and delight, as I left home, and in two days arrived at the borders of the Lake. If any of my readers have passed from one end of the Lake to the other, they may have observed on the eas- tern shore, about ten or eleven miles from the outlet, a little cottage. It stands at the bottom of a little glen, a few rods distant from the water's edge. A little cove puts up from the Lake, between the rugged mountain on one side, and the southern skirt of the glen on the other. The clouds in a lowering day are always seen resting on the summit of the mountains, which arise on each side of the ravine, which stretches off to the east of the cottage. Half way up these heights the eagle builds her nest, without fear of molestation, and seem? to look down from her conscious elevation in defiance of man below. The white washed cottage, and the swelling mountains have a pleasing and inspiring effect, when viewed from the water. It was here one evening, I requested the boatmen to land me as I was returning from the excursions of the day. There are seasons in the life of almost every man, when he needs not the formality of an introduction to a stranger to enable bim to commence an acquaintance. ANALYTICAL READER. W Pent up, confined. .Reservoir, rez-er-vwor', receptacle. Contemplate, kon-tem' plate, meditate, think studi ously. Apparel, garment, covering. Delicious, sweet, luxurious. -Transported, carried over, greatly delighted. Summit, top. From what derived ? Waterman, boatman. ^Distinctly, clearly, not confusedly. Story, tale, account of its scenes. -Descending. What know you of the adventure here alluded to 1 Steep, precipice, ascent or descent approaching t perpendicularity. Arrest, captivate, seize, lay hands on. Clasping, twining, embracing, enclosing, Declivity, descent, slope of a hill. Savages, Indians, wild men, barbarians. .Bleak, cold, bare, destitute of vegetables. Borders, confines, boundaries. Lake. What is a lake ? Has it fresh water 7 My readers, readers of this piece. Observed, noticed, remarked, seen. Glen, valley, a dale. Cove, kove, small creek or bay, shelter- Puts up, runs out, extends itself. Skirt, boundary, outer part, fringe. .Lowering, gloomy, sky obscured by thick and heavy clouds. Ravine, rav-een', narrow opening, defile. .Heights, high grounds, lofty eminences. Molestation, interruption. .Conscious, knowing, privy to. White-washed. Of what is white-wash made ? Imposing, grand, lofty, burthening. Spell returning, stretches, half, heights. Excursions, rambles, deviations from the settled path. -Seasons, times, four divisions of the year. -Formality, dulness, custom, etiquette, established form. Commence, begin, enter upon. 100 SEQUEL TO THE The mind is in such a state of buoyancy and good feeling, that we feel every stranger, whom we meet, to be an ac- quaintance, and every human being our brother. Such were my feelings as I walked leisurely forward towards an elderly and venerable looking man, who sat beside his humble dwelling, enjoying the calm pleasures of the evening. After the usual salutation of strangers, he in- vited me to take a seat beside him. I soon found that 1" had introduced myself to a plain, open hearted, but poor man, upon whose head probably sixty winters had shed their snows. His countenance was intelligent, though there was an expression of sorrow upon it, he seemed to possess an intellect, endowed with good sense, of a sober, meditative cast. He portrayed in lively colors the beauties of the scenery around him, which showed that he had not yet become insensible of the charms of nature by the lapse of years. He adverted also to the fast approaching hour, when he should no longer be animated by these scenes. " Stranger," said he, with seriousness, " see you that setting sun ; though it may set to night in darkness, yet it will rise again to- morrow, and rise perhaps, in far brighter glory. But floon my sun will set to rise no more." " It may rise, 11 said I, " in eternity." The poor pensioner, for such I learned he was, was silent ; and I could see the tears standing in his eye, as with a worthy hospitality he in- vited me into his cottage to tarry all night. 1 could not accept the invitation, but promised to call on the fol- lowing morning. I then took my leave of him ; and as we glided swiftly down the lake, aided by a stiff breeze, I could not help revolving in my mind the adventure* of the evening. LESSON XXII. The same, continued. Early on the following morning, I left my lodgings for the pensioner's cottage. The old man was waiting t receive me with all the cordiality of an older acquaint- ance. I found in the cottage of this poor, but wotfhy ANALYTICAL RE A DKR. 101 -State, declare, make known, pitch, condition* Buoyancy, buoe'an-se, power to float, cheerful feel- ings. -Acquaintance, associate, companion. Leisurely, le' zhtir-le, slowly, at pleasure. Elderly, aged. From elder. -Dwelling, house, habitation, inhabiting. Pleasures of the evening. In what respects different from the morning 1 Salutation, passing of compliments, greeting. Winter. Why is old age likened to winter ? ^Expression, representation, sorrow was depicted up- on it. Intellect, mind, rational faculties. Endowed, furnished, endued* Meditative, inclined to seriousness, thoughtful. Portrayed, described, painted. Colors. Whence the allusion ? .-Lapse, gliding away, mistake, fall. Hour. What hour is referred to ? .Emphasis, force, energy. Setting sun. Of what is it an emblem ? Eternity. What do you understand by eternity / Pensioner, a person who has a bounty from govern- ment. Worthy, good, commendable. Tarry, remain, lodge, stay. .Hospitality, entertainment of strangers. .Stiff, strong, unbending. * Breeze, gale of wind. 'Following, next succeeding. Lodgings, habitations, resting places. Cordiality, k*r-j4-ii' 4-te, kindness, good feeling. :<>. SEQUEL' TO THE man, ail that neatness, and industry could do to makt -him comfortable and happy ; for at the best his health was but poor, and he appeared to be sinking to the grave 5 under the accumulated weight of infirmity and years. Though he seemed to possess an imagination which could soar above the mountains that surrounded him, and visit the abodes of man beyond them ; yet he ap- peared like one insulated, and shut out from the bustle and perplexities of the world, and with few regrets could have parted with it forever. There was, however, the love of one tender object, which attached him to life. Nothing could exceed the filial affection of his lovely daughter, over whom the fond father had doated,for sev- enteen years. Her mother had died in her infancy, and to the bereaved father, had been left the sole care, and superintendence of the education of his infant child. His other children had been snatched away, one after anoth- er, and it was not a?wonder that the affections of the mourning father had taken so firm hold of his daughter, since she was all that now remained, of a once numerous family. The war-worn veteran gave me a minute his- tory of his life. He related his most interesting adven- tures in the revolutionary struggle. He had been ad- vanced to a station of some honor and trust, in the Amer- ican army, was placed near the body of his general, and had served in many daring and hazardous enterprises. He had cultivated the fields of his little glen, while he had been able to labor, and from them he had gleaned a scanty though comfortable support. In one corner of his little farm, he pointed out the graves of his wife and children. " My sweet Jane," said the old man, with tears, 44 is the very image of her mother, whom I laid here al- most seventeen years ago She has the same temper, and manifests the same assiduity to make me happy. She knows little of the mother she has lost ; though of- ten has she sat on my knee in her childhood, and wept, when I told her the story of her mother. I used often to tell her of the virtues of her, of whom boih she and my- self were bereft, that I might, if possible, form her mind upon the same model ; for it was that very mother who taught me, that to be conversant with virtue, is in n .measure to become virtuous ourselves." " And was ANALYTICAL HEADER. 10S 'Spell neatness, receive, industry, comfortable. Sinking, going down. Whence the figure ? Accumulated, collected, heaped up. Spell weight, infirmity, imagination. .Soar. Respecting what birds is this word particular- ly used ? Mountain, in^un'tin. Insulated, alone, solitary. .Perplexities, anxieties, embarrassments, difficulties World, wurld. Tender, delicate, sensitive, affectionate. Attached, bound, united, cemented, fastened 'Exceed, go beyond, surpass, excel. Spell daughter, infancy, bereaved. Sole, only, exclusive. Superintendence, care, guardianship, control. Spell numerous, firm, education. War-worn* battered, worn with war. V^eteran, tried soldier. Minute, a measure of time, detailed, circumstan- tial. Station, post, rank, office. American army. What have you heard or read re- specting it ? -General, commander, common, an officer high im rank. Hazardous, dangerous, disastrous, exposed to loss. .Enterprises, schemes, deeds. Gleaned, gathered, collected slowly arid labori- ously. What kind of employment is referred to ? Spell pointed, corner, seventeen, knee. Image, likeness, pattern, resemblance. Assiduity, concern, attention, sedulousness. Temper, disposition of mind, mean, medium, mode- ration. Told, narrated to, mentioned, related. Virtues, lovely traits of character. Bereft, deprived, made destitute. Model, pattern, rule, copy to be imitated. .Conversant, familiar, associated, acquainted 104 SEQUEL TO THE your daughter always assiduous to promote your welfare as now ?" " No, she was not always so. Though she possessed an amiable temper, yet she used sometimes to manifest the waywardness of youth. Never shall I forget the prayers of nty poor, dying wife, that her infant child might be spared in mercy to its father, and be to me all that she would have been, had her life been prolonged* Never shall I forget her last petition for her little off- spring, as she pressed it to her expiring bosom, for the last time, and then holding it in her feeble arms, she said, " Blessed Savior ! I beseech thee to be the God of my ehild, as thou hast been my God to sanctify its heart us I hope thou hast sanctified mine. I know that thou art able to save it. I dedicate my child to thee. I leave it in thy arms. Thou wilt remember thy ancient cove- nant and promise. I give my child to thee. Blessed Sa- vior ! accept my humble offering." Her voice failed. These were her last words ; she soon expired. Oh ! Mr. E.,you know not how good a woman my wife was, I have often heard her in the thicket just by us, or yon- der, where once stood a little hovel, earnestly engaged in prayer forme. If any are Christians, I have no doubt she was one. And my beloved Jane was not so much like her mother as she is now, till two years ago, when a missionary called here, two or three times, and gave her that little Bible you saw standing upon the shelf. For a time I wished my daughter had never seen the missionary, she was so unhappy. She could do nothing but read her Bible, and weep. But after a time her mourning was turned to joy, and she has been ever since beseeching me to be a Christian. She is just what her mother used to be, and often have I heard her praying for me, in the same manner and place that her mother used to pray. I was ouce a disbeliever in the Christian religion thought it ail to be the device of man and for a longtime after I married my wife, I thought she was a visionary, under the influence of a heated imagination. But upon a candid and impartial examination of her feel- ings and conduct, I was fully convinced that they sprung from pure and steady principles of which I had no ex* perienee. To witness, as I do daily, how religion influ- ences all the conduct of my Jane, and makes her happf ANALYTICAL REABER. MZ Assiduous, careful, concerned. Spell welfare, measure, amiable. Possessed, poz-zest'. Waywardness, eccentricity, naughtiness. Spared. From what? Its father. Why is its used instead of her ? Prolonged, continued, increased in length, Spell offspring, bosom, forget. -Expiring, dying, breathing out. .Beseech, pray, beg, petition. Sanctify, make good, make holy. Dedicate, give up, consecrate. Ancient, ane' tshent, former, of long duration, remote in time. Covenant, determination, mutual contract, agree- ment, stipulation. Gen. xvii. 7. Savior, he that saves from eternal death, Redeemer.. Mr. E. Who is meant by Mr. E. ? Often, of f'n, frequently/ Thicket, grove of small trees, dense wood. . , Christians. Who are Christians? Whence do they derive their name / fHovel, mean habitation, shed open on the sides, cot- tage. Nothing, n&f&' ing. Weep. Why did she weep ? Spell shelf, daughter, engaged. Turned, converted, changed, altered in course. Just, exactly, precisely. , Disbeliever, one who did not believe, infidel. Device, invention, cunning fable. .Married, espoused, wedded. Visionary, wild, irrational, imaginary, affected U phantoms. Examination, egz^arn-e-na' shun. Convinced, satisfied, persuaded, forced to yield. Sprung, arose, proceeded. -Principles, internal rules of conduct. .Influences, controls, reigns over. Spell pray, the assembly pray for his. deliverance-; prey, the lion devoured his prey. 106 SEQUEL TO THE under all circumstances, serves to make me believe, how blissful is the lot of those who possess it." He drew a deep sigh, and would have proceeded ; for I perceived he was interested in the subject. But the approach of a boat to the shore drew our attention, and we walked forward to meet it. It conveyed a small party of youth, who had called to pay their compliments to the pension- er and his daughter. As the day was far spent, I took my leave of the whole party, not without leaving a prom- ise, that I would call frequently. I had become but lit- tle acquainted with that lovely daughter, on whom the old man leaned for support. There was something so retiring about her, and yet so winning, so simple, and yet so elegant, so humble, and yet so exalted, that I could not but admire a character made up of such contrasted qualities. I had learned enough to know that she was intelligent without ostentation ; and modest without awkwardness. There was something in the character of the old man, which I did not understand. He was frank and generous, but he seemed not to admit me to the deepest feelings of his bosom. He was cheerful, but not happy. Something seemed to bear with weight upon his mind. LESSON XXIII. The same, continued. With almost the dawn of the first fair day, I betook myself to my boat, intending to take the cottagers by surprise, and sit down with them to their cheerful break- fast. The sun had risen, and was beginning to pour down his cheering beams along the ravine, between the high mountains, when I arrived at the glen. All was still. except the far off whistling watermen, who were urging their boats in various directions, over the clear blue lake r and I saw no living thing about the cottage, except the large Newfoundland mastiff, which lay by the door. As I approached the cottage, I thought 1 heard a voice. It was the clear, sweet voice of the daughter, reading the parable of the prodigal son. I approached nearer. She ANALYTICAL READER. -Serves, has power, is sufficient. -Drew, sent forth, fetched, uttered. Subject. What was the subject ? -Drew, excited, arrested, called forth. .Compliments, respects, salutations. Spent, gone, exhausted, squandered. -Leave, permission, departure. Leaned. Whence is the figure taken ? ^-Retiring, bashful, going away. Winning, attractive, inviting, lovely, gaining. Spell promise, elegant, awkwardness. Contrasted, opposite, unlike, dissimilar. .Qualities. kw61' le' ties. Ostentation, a desire to be seen, pride, fondness for show. Frank, open, undisguised, ingenuous. Cheerful. Can a person be cheerful without being happy ? With weight. Explain the figure. \sjSpell sole, " he found no rest for the sole of his foot, it is his sole right. Spell soul, " whoso sinneth against me wrongetfc > .^ his own soul." Spell weight, he groaned under the weight of his bur- den ; wait, if we hope for that we see not, then d we patiently wait for it. Spell dawn, betook, surprise, cottagers. .Breakfast, from break and fast, morning meal. Spell ravine, whistling, beginning. Mountains, moun' tinz. Urging, forcing, propelling, importuning, soliciting, Directions, de-rek' shunz, ways, courses. Newfoundland. Where is that island ? Mastiff, large dog. Spell door, approached, voice. Prodigal. Luke 15 : 1132. JSmphatic, impressive, persuasive, forcible. 108 SEQUEL TO THE read with an emphatic, but tremulous tone of voice, "'I will arise, and go to my father, and will say unto him, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before thee, and am no more worthy to be called thy son ; make me, therefore, as one of thy hired servants." At this mo- ment I heard a sobbing, and the old man burst into tears. In a few minutes all was hushed. " Father," said the daughter beseechingly, " God will receive you, if you go to him as the prodigal went to his father." " Kneel down beside me, my dear Jane," said the pensioner. *' O thou, who didst cause light to shine out of darkness, shine into my benighted soul. Thou, who didst receive the repenting, returning prodigal, receive me who am worse than the prodigal." After a pause " It will not do I cannot O Jane, pray for me." Jane did pray for him, and I could not but weep as I listened to her earnest supplications for her father, and join my prayers with hers, for his relief. She soon ceased, and I would have retreated. But I could not go ; for now was ex- plained what had been so mysterious, and I desired to learn, what I had failed to learn before, and if possible to administer relief. The old man opened the door, and seemed surprised at seeing me ; but such was his saluta- tion that I knew I was not unwelcome. He was aware that I was acquainted with his situation, and did not en- deavor to conceal it, I stepped forward and took from the shelf a neat little Bible, which seemed to have been preserved with care, though much used. The eyes of the daughter which lately had been suffused with tears, now beamed with joy and hope. I opened to the 51st Psalm, and read it. I commented upon the nature, ne- cessity, and reasonableness of true repentance. I en- deavored to show how repentance would be acceptable to God, through the mediation of Jesus Christ. The old man was moved, and the countenance of his daugh- ter beamed with joy, as she said, " Father, I know re- pentance to be a happy feeling." The interest this little family manifested in my welfare, was much increased by this morning's visit. I hod been revealed to them in a new character, and they regarded me not only as a friend, but also as a Christian. I learned from the daugh- ter, the history of her father's feelings, for several months. ANALYTICAL READER. 109 r Tremulous, shaking, quivering, trembling. Against, a-genst', in opposition to. Servant, ser'vant. Sobbing, heaving with convulsive sighs, Spell burst, beseechingly, receive. Hushed, silenced, appeased, quieted. -Kneel, bend the knee, assume a posture for devotion. What is this style of writing called ? Conversational, Didst cause the light to shine, &c. What event and what time are here alluded to ? Benighted, darkened, ignorant, from night. Repenting, grieving for sin and forsaking it. .Worse, wurse. Listened, lis'snd, hearkened. Supplications, prayers, entreaties, .Relief. From what derived ? -Retreated, withdrawn, gone away, retired. Mysterious, unknown, secret. Spell ex plained, learn, knew. If it were possible, a thing which could be done. Administer, bestow, afford, impart. -Salutation, token of reception, first address. Aware, apprised, knowing to the fact. Spell knew, presented, acquainted, surprised. -Suffused, filled, overspread. Commented, discoursed, expatiated, spoke, explained, annotated. Fifty-first psalm. Why was this psalm read in prefer- ence to any other ? True, troo, sincere, hearty, not false. Mediation, interposition, agency between two parties. Moved, affected with emotion. Beamed, brightened up. Spell countenance, reasonableness, repentance* Happy feeling. How can this be ? Increased, strengthened, augmented. -Revealed, made known, disclosed. Regarded, considered, esteemed, Learned, lern'd. -History, state, narration, 110 SEQUEL TO THE past. It was more than six months, since he began to look forward with seriousness to a future world ; and for many weeks he had been in much the same state of mind. as that in which 1 now saw him. In my further inter- course with him that day, I was convinced that he was anxious to gain the better portion; but he was selfish. He was deeply convinced of siia, yet he would not repent. His anxiety was not produced by fear, but by conviction. For several successive days I was a constant visiter at the cottage. I endeavored to instruct him, but all to no purpose. Indeed, it was not necessary. He was well instructed in his duty. But there seemed to be an un- yielding obduracy in his heart, which endeavored to re- ject every offer of mercy. His obstinacy was not so open and tumultuous, as steady and persevering. He knew it to be wrong, but he would not overcome it. The principles of a depraved heart, were in vigorous and suc- cessful exercise. One evening as I was returning from the excursion of the day, I thought I would run my boat into the cove by the Pensioner's dwelling. A heavy cloud was hovering in the west, which seemed to presage a storm, and as I was alone, I scarcely dared to attempt the voyage home- ward. On going on shore I found the old man, but his daughter had gone. I was told that she had been sent for by a sick friend, whom she had been accustomed to visit. It was about sunset, when we walked down to the beach to look out for the boat, which should bring home the sole comfort of her anxious father. " I do not much like that dark cloud yonder," said the old man, as we stood upon the shore. " Though my sweet Jane has never slept from under the paternal roof, I hope she will not attempt to return to night." The shadows of the evening were fast falling. As we could descry nothing of the daughter, we returned to the cottage. It was not long before the portending storm came on with great fury and violence, and the waters were swept by one of those terrible gusts, with which Lake George is sometimes vis- ited. The heaving and white foaming billows of the Lake made a gloomy contrast with the surrounding dark- ness. A deep dusk hung over the face of things and we could discern only enough to see the havoc which the ANALYTICAL READER. Ill .Seriousness, solemnity, earnest attention. Future world. What is it ? Intercourse, familiar acquaintance. .Character, mark, representation, assemblage of qual- ities. Better portion. What is meant by it ? .Selfish, from self, regarding himself above all things. Conviction, feelings of guilt. Successive, following, from succeed. .Visiter, one who comes to another. To no purpose, in vain, without effect. .Obduracy, 6b'j\Wa-se, hardness, inflexible wicked- ness. Reject, throw away, disregard. .Obstinacy, unwillingness to yield. Tumultuous, noisy, violent, rude. Spell persevering, wrong. Depraved, wicked, perverse, sinful. .Excursions, wanderings, travels. Hovering. Whence the figure ? .Presage, foretel, threaten, betoken. Spell dwelling, steady, voyage. Sick friend. What persons most frequently visit the sick ? Beach, shore, margin. Spell beach ; the vessel was stranded on the beach ; beech, the wood of which it is made is beech. Sole, only, one. .Anxious, disturbed, full of inquietude. .Shadows, shad'doz, darkness, obscurity. Paternal, fatherly, belonging to a father. .Roof, cover of a house, palate. .Descry, perceive, observe, see. Portending, threatening, ominous, foreboding. .Terrible, dreadful, causing fear. Gusts, blasts of wind. .Heaving, rising, swelling. Contrast, opposition of figure. Spell surrounding, abroad, enough. Discern, diz-zern', perceive, see. Havoc, waste, ruin, devastation. SEQUEL TO THE storm was making abroad. As we sat silently by the window looking out upon the scene, we thought we heard cries of distress. In a moment we were upon the beach. But it was so dark that we could distinguish objects only a little distance. All was again hushed, except the troubled billows, and howling blast, and we stood list- ening in breathless silence. Again we heard a cry. It was the last. The old pensioner's heart died within hirn r for he knew it was the voice of his daughter. The sound seemed to proceed from some one not far from the shore- At this moment the mastiff, which stood beside us, plung- ed into the waves. He was gone a long time, but at length returned, bearing by his mouth, the drowned girL We made every effort to resuscitate the lifeless body, but all was unavailing. The soul had left its earthly tene- ment, and flown to another and heavenly world. We carried the body of poor Jane into the cottage, and laid it on the humble couch it had so often occupied. The poor old man seemed alive to all those heartrending pangs, which his forlorn condition now made him real- ize. His feelings were the feelings of despair. He sat down by the bedside of her, who lately was so lovely hid his face in both his hands, and burst into a flood of tears. I would have 'soothed, but I knew I could not- After the first paroxysms of agony and grief had sub- sided, by degrees he grew more calm. But I thought his calmness was incapacity to endure so poignant grief, and that he was exhausted by the tempest of his feelings. I could see by his countenance that there was not peace within. The cottage was still as the mansion of death. While the bereaved father sat, intently viewing the inan- imate features of his child, the last ray of hope seemed to expire, and there was no longer a tie to bind him to earth. That night was dreadful to us both. The storm was raging fearfully without, while all was hushed like the silence of the tomb within. The old Pensioner wa& the first to interrupt the stillness. " I did not think, that the flower, which bloomed so sweetly in the morning, would be so withered and dead at night. Oh ! Jane, Jane ! it is hard to part with thee forever too in one short hour torn from my aged arms !" His feelings were too big for utterance, and Lis voice faltered. But te ANALYTICAL READER, 113 Spell distress, cries, window. Distinguish, see clearly, tell one from another. Billows, bil'los, swollen waves. Howling blast. What is it made to be 1 -.Breathless, undisturbed, unbroken, dead, spent with labor. Spell died, proceed, plunged. At length, after a while. Bearing by his mouth. Is this incredible 1 Do you remember any other instance of sagacity and affec- tion in a dog, equally remarkable 1 .Drowned, suffocated in water, overwhelmed. .Resuscitate, restore to life, revive. Unavailing, ineffectual, useless. Tenement, habitation, dwelling, abode* .Carried, conveyed, bore. Couch, resting place, bed. -Alive, keenly sensible. -Forlorn, comfortless, disconsolate, destitute. Realize, know by experiment, convert money into land. Spell burst, flood, knew. .Paroxysms, par-rok-sizmz, fits, violent attacks. .Subsided, ceased to rage, became calm. .Incapacity, inability, incompetency. .Poignant, poe'narit, severe, piercing. Tempest. Explain this figure* Mansion, dwelling place, house, habitation. .Bereaved, destitute, deprived of nearest relations. Inanimate, lifeless, dead, without animation. Spell features, tie, bind. Ray of hope. To what is hope likened ? Spell viewing, tomb, first. Interrupt, break in upon, obstruct, check, stop. Flower. Why was Jane called a flower ? Spell withered, bloomed, dead, night. Were, wer. Utterance, declared, being spoken, power of commu- nicating. .Resumed, proceeded in his remarks, took up again. .Faltered, hesitated, was broken* 114 SEQUEL TO THE struggled hard for self-possession, and soon resumed,"* I was always poor but never so poor as now. Oh ! Jane,- how fondly have I nourished thee ! Seventeen years thou hast been my sole companion ! How kind wast thou to me, my daughter ! Thou art gone Shall I never more hear from thee the fervent prayer for thy poor father never more hear thy kind entreaty to be reconciled t/- God? Ah, never f O that I might be what thou wast, when thou left thy father's dwelling! But there is no hope for me." Here the old man again burst into tears^ After a short pause " Yes, I have one resource I will arise, I will go to my Father, and will say, Father, I have sinned against heaven, and before thee, and am not worthy to be called thine. O Savior of sinners ! let me come to thee let me call thee my Father. I have no friend but thee. -I have abused thee abused thy mercy. I am the chief e>f sinners I O gracious Savior ! I come to thee ashamed and guilty. If I perish, I will perish at thy feet. Here, Lord, I am do with me as seemeth good to thee." The Pensioner ceased his heart was melted within him, The thoughts of the dead no longer occupied his mind. There was a glow of fervor upon his countenance. His soul seemed to be elevated above this world, holding communion with his God. We were both silent; but I trust we both prayed. I cannot tell all that happened on that night. It is sufficient to say, that we spent the night in prayer by the bedside of Jane* The murmuring spirit of the father seemed to be hushed into meek submission. He could kiss the hand by which he was smitten, and thank his heavenly Father for the chastisement. There was a pleasing serenity upon his countenance* even in the chamber of death, which seem- ed to say, " all is well" LESSON XXIV. The same, concluded. With the early light of the next morning, I went U/ visit the neighboring settlement, to invite the attendance of two or three female friends, to do their last offices oC ANALYTICAL READER, 1 J r> Spell nourished, struggled, companion, self-posses- sion, torn, always. Fervent, most sincere, warm, impassioned. Entreaty, petition, request, urgent appeal. Reconciled to, restored to the favor of, on terms of peace with. What thou wast. What did the father wish to be ? -Dwelling, tenement, inhabiting, living. .Resource, re-sorse', resort, expedient. I will go to my father. From whom is this language borrowed ? -Let, permit, hinder, obstruct, suffer. No friend. Why does lie say he has no other friend ? Abused, from use, slighted, neglected, despised. -Gracious, merciful, compassionate, benignant. Perish, lose my soul, die, am destroyed. Seemeth. In what writings is seemeth used instead of seems 1 Melted, dissolved, made to feel, full of contrition. Glow, shining heat, brightness of color. .Fervor, warmth, heat, animation. Elevated, raised, lifted, exalted. Communion, intercourse, fellowship, familiar dis- course. .Sufficient, from suffice* .Murmuring, complaining, repining, grieving. Submission, from submit, surrender, quiet yielding. -Night. .Ashamed. Chastisement, tshas'tiz-rnent, correction, punishment/ Chamber, tshame'bur. 411 is well. From whom is this expression borrowed T Spell early, e.r' le, neighboring, attendance. -Settlement, colony, place where people establish themselves, agreement. Offices, duties, obligations, honors* 116 SEQUEL TO THE kindness to the deceased, arid make the other necessary' arrangements for the funeral. As I walked along to- wards my boat, I observed a little skiff stranded on the beach. It was the same which conveyed Jane so near the paternal dwelling, the preceding evening. This cir- cumstance, and a hat, which lay at a little distance, told me that Jane Mandeville was not the only person, who had been the victim of a watery death. The melancholy tidings of the preceding evening were soon spread wide, and deep was the feeling, excited in every breast along the shores of Lake George. The next day was the Sab- bath; and there was sadness upon the countenances of those who convened at the glen. The mourners were not relatives, for old Mandeville had none remaining. But they had known Jane in her childhood had known her in her riper years ; and many were the tears which were shed that day upon her coffin. The missionary who called at the glen two years before, stood among the mourners. He had heard of Jane's death at the settle- ment, and hastened to pay his last tribute of respect to the deceased, and to comfort the bereaved father in his affliction. But there was no need ; for he felt a conso- lation in his bosom of more value than worlds ; a con- solation that nothing on earth could have imparted. As the funeral procession moved slowly towards the burial place of the old Pensioner's family, there was a deep and thoughtful silence 'throughout the little concourse. The bearers placed the coffin beside the grave. The mission- ary uncovered his head, and addressed a few words to the assembly. They were tender, and appropriate, and flowed from a feeling heart. The coffin was lowered into its narrow cell. I looked upon the old Pensioner, A tear was standing in his eye, but there was peace and tranquillity in his bosom. He advanced to the head of the grave, and, after looking into it, he looked round af- fectionately upon the assembly, and said, "My friends, there is sorrow in my heart, but it is not a sorrow with* out hope. I think I can thank the Great Shepherd, that he hath taken this lamb from me ; for before, I was a lost and wandering sheep, and would not hear the voice of the Shepherd, calling me to his fold. I was a prodi- gal, perishing with hunger, and would not return to my ANALYTICAL READER. 117 .Arrangements, ar-range' ments, orders, preparations. Stranded, run aground, cast upon the shore. .Conveyed, bore, carried, transported. .Preceding, last, going before. Told, indicated, bore witness to, convinced. Victim, sacrifice, something destroyed. .Catastrophe, ka-tas' tro-fe, overthrow, final unhappy event. Excited, produced, raised, animated. Spell watery, George, Mandeville, Man' de-vil. Convened, assembled, gathered together, collected. Relatives, relations, of the same family. .-Remaining, alive, staying behind. Riper years. To what is Jane likened by this ex- pression ? What was the estimation in which she was held by her acquaintance, judging from this account of her funeral ? What characters are most lamented by survivors ? .Missionary, from mission, one sent. Tribute, debt, obligation, token, custom, tax. .Deceased, from cease. Consolation. What was this consolation ? Value, worth, importance, consideration. .Imparted, bestowed, given, afforded. .Procession, train, marching in ceremonious solem- nity. Burial, ber' re-al, act of burying, funeral service. Concourse, assembly, congregation, meeting. Spell bearers, bosom, hastened, process. Addressed, spoke, uttered, said, saluted. -Appropriate, proper, becoming, use, allot. .Lowered, from low. Cell, small cavity, a litttle habitation of a religiou* person. Tranquillity, from tranquil. Advanced, ad-vansd', approached, moved forward. ; Affectionately, from affection. Great Shepherd. Who is meant 1 Who by the lost and wandering sheep ? Wandering, won' dur-ing. His fold. Does the Bible contain such language ? See John x, 116, 118 SEQUEL TO THE Father, who had bread enough, and to spare. I shall soon see my dear Jane again. She will not always sleep here. The trump of the archangel will reach the bottom of this grave. This narrow house will soon be the rest- ing place of us all. I feel and am assured that I must soon lay these limbs beside hers. Let us be like her, and I trust we shall meet her in heaven." The mission- ary invoked the blessing of God upon the assembly, and they silently dispersed themselves to their boats. For a few days I was a constant resident at the glen, and had the satisfaction of witnessing daily in the old Pensioner, an increasing and fervent piety. He was now happy, rejoicing in hope. We conversed ; we joined our prayers and praises at the throne of grace ; and pre - cious were the seasons, I spent in his cottage. He some- times wept at the grave of his beloved daughter. But there was joy even in his grief. The Bible of Jane was now his constant companion, and much was he consoled and animated by its promises ; the day at length arrived when I must take my final leave of the scenes of Lake George. The morning was fine, and we spent an hour in walking about the glen. We conversed we prayed. It was the last time we were to be together this side the grave. I had endeavored, as far a.3 possible, to ascertain the true character of his views and feelings ; and was .satisfied that he had commenced a new and happy ex- istence, which would only bloom here, but ripen in eter- nity. He accompanied me to the boat. As we were about to part, I expressed my apprehension that he would be lonely. "I am not alone," said he, "and though to go and be with Christ would be far better ; yet all the days of my appointed time will I wait till my change come I hope to meet you in heaven. Farewell," Fare- well, said I, and he returned to the cottage. The dwell- ing of the Pensioner, and the little glen soon vanished from my sight. A few months since I had occasion to visit Lake George. I called at the glen, the cottage of the old Pen- sioner was there, but it was without an inhabitant. 1 visited the garden, and Jane was lying between her pa- rents. On inquiring at the neighboring settlement, I was told that the old man had died a few weeks previous ANALYTICAL READER. >Spare, give way, omit, forgive. See my dear Jane. Where did he hope to see her ? The trump. See John v. 28, 29. 1 Cor. xv. 52. 1 Thess. iv. 16. Narrow house. Why is the grave called a resting- place ? ^Assured, ash-shtird', made certain, convinced. Spell limbs, archangel, heaven. Invoked, prayed for, supplicated. Archangel, ark-ane'jel, one of the highest order of an- gels. Dispersed, removed, scattered, withdrew. .Resident, from reside, inmate, inhabitant. Daily, from day, every day, continually. Spell witnessing, rejoicing, piety. Rejoicing in hope. Rom. xii. 12. -Jojned, united, connected. Precious, valuable, dear, most profitable. Spell seasons, satisfaction, companion. Consoled, solaced, disburdened of sorrow. Promises. What does the Bible promise to the good ! Final, last, concluding, extreme. -Fine, pleasant, beautiful. Spell scenes, hour, conversed. .Endeavored, attempted, essayed. Ascertain, find out, know, from certain. Character, nature, quality, person. Bloom. To what is his existence compared ? .Accompanied, from company. .Apprehension, fear, opinion, sentiment. -Expressed, mentioned, pressed out. Be with Christ. Philippians i 23. Appointed, designated, allotted, determined. Change come. What is this change ? Vanished, disappeared, departed, spoken of spirits. Spell fare well, inquiring. Spell site, it is a fine site for building ; sight, a pleasant sight, a painful sight, his sight is obscured ; cite, he was cited to appear. .Occasion, opportunity, need, chance, necessity. -Called, stopped, spoke loudly, cried out. -Inhabitant. From what derived ? 120 SEQUEL TO THE J learned with satisfaction that he had lived in such a manner, as to carry conviction to the minds of all, that the grace of God had been performing in his heart, its perfect work. He had spent his time, from the period at which I took leave of him, in pious devotion to his Savior, and died in the triumphs of faith, and the hope of a blessed immortality. " Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord ; yea, saith the spirit ; for they rest from their labors, and their works do follow them." LESSON XXV. Family Worship in a Cottage. Miss S. E. HATFIELD. Listen ! I heard a voice, a solemn voice, But sweet and fervent, too, like that of prayer ; Such as would make angelic breasts rejoice, And call to hearken from their starry sphere : From yonder cot it comes I'll draw me near Its light shines like a star upon the night, And to my wandering footsteps far more der-r ; A better guide, perchance, a holier light, Leading more near to heaven than those above my sight. Oh, 'tis a lovely scene ! The gray-hair'd sire With lifted hands, imploring on each child All that the lip can breathe, the soul desire, To guide their footsteps through the world's bleak wild, See how the glittering tears his warm cheek gild ! How rushes through the wane of years the glow ! How beams his look, with all the father fill'd ! The ardency intense lights eye, lip, brow, Which all his bosom's thoughts, hopes, fears, and wishrs show. Look at that fair-hair'd maid, upon whose cheek The rose of loveliness is deepening ! Mark how serenely pure, how calmly meek, Her countenance ! some unseen seraph's wing Seems over her : she's in youth's stainless springe And gives it to her God : ah ! happy maid ! Thus ever smile, a willing offering ANALYTICAL READER. 121 Garden, gar'd'n. .Previous, before, preceding. -Conviction, certainty, establishment of guilt. Performing, from form, doing, executing, finishing. Perfect, per'fekt, consummate, without defect. -Period, time, point of distance in time. Devotion, doing of his duties, surrendering himself. Immortality, everlasting life, endless Jife. Die in the Lord, Rev. xiv. 13. Saith the Spirit. Who is this Spirit t Works do follow them ; are known after they are dead. , Solemn, sol'em, religiously grave, serious, anniversary. .Prayer, pra'ur, petition, supplication to God. Angelic. Change it into a noun. Which is the prim- itive ? .Sphere, sfere, globe, circuit of motion, province. Why starry sphere ? Yonder, yon'dur, at a distance, within view. Its light. The light of what ? Spell listen, heard, voice, fervent. Perchance, perhaps, it may be, peradventure. Guide, gyide. What is a better guide. Those above my sight. What are those ? Scene, display, exhibition, spectacle, stage, part of a play. Sire, father, progenitor. Breathe, br&THe, utter, ask for, draw in and throw out air by the lungs. Bleak, cold, chill, pale. Wild, desert. Gild. In what way? Whence the figure ? Wane, decline, decrease of the moon. Glow, shining heat, vividness of color, vehemence of passion. Beams, brightens. With all the father filled, expres- sive of all a father's affection. .Intense, vehement, raised to a high degree. Rose of loveliness. What quality is intended by these words ? .Seraph's, ser'raf, an order of celestial spirits, an angel. Wing. Why are angels represented as having wings ? Spring. Why is the season of youth compared to spring? 122 SEQUEL TO THE At morn, at eve, upon the altar laid, While sweet obedience binds, safe, safe shall be thy heacL There kneels the mother by her partner's side ; Silent her tongue, but, oh, how full her eyes ! Look at those sacred tears, whose gentle tide The loudest torrent of the lips supplies. Oh ! what can equal her beseeching sigh ? If 'tis not heard in heaven, then never came Thither the sound of supplications high : Vainly have nations piled the altar's flame, The intensest of them all ne'er reached a mother's claim, Beside her, rising into manhood's form, Her son, her secret pride and glory, bows ; Bright is his cheek, with labor's color warm, The honorable tint his forehead shows ; His eyes' dark glance is veil'd, as it would close Awhile to all on earth his heart deems fair ; His lips, soft moving, tell responsive vows Are rising to his hoary father's prayer, Pleading with the high Heavens " Oh, guide from every snare." And yonder there's a group in happiest being, The fairy tenants of the cottage dome, Kneeling before the eye of Him, all-seeing, Who watches if their thoughts or glances roam ; The doll, untouch'd, is laid beside the drum ; That treasured instrument of loudest sound Stands close beside its master, but is dumb As if forgotten, on the darksome ground, While like night's dew-closed flowers they bend am! cluster round. Look at the little hand upon each brow, Covering the face, before the unseen God ! Listen, ye might have heard the lisped vow Like cherub-echoes seeking his abode ; Revile it not, despise it not, ye proud ! Nor say it is the jargon learned by rote, Useless and meaningless, those words allowed Upon the youthful memory to float Shall be the wakening chord of many a heavenly note, ANALYTICAL READER. 123 Spell altar, if thou bring thy gift to the altar ; alter, he saw fit to alter his purpose. Partner, partaker, sharer, associate. Spell tongue, kneels, obedience, eyes. Spell side, her partner's side ; sighed, he turned from the griev- ous spectacle, and sighed ; tide, he sailed with the tide ; tied, his hands were tied. Torrent of the lips, &c. Her silent tears indicate more heartfelt devotion, than any verbal prayer, however passionate and elevated the language. Mother's claim. Is this just 1 For whose behalf are these desires offered 1 How do you account for their great strength 1 Manhood's form, approaching to adult age. Spell son, a wise son maketh a glad father ; sun, he labored till the sun went down. Labor's color. What is meant by it ? Why is it call- ed an honorable tint 1 Forehead, forced, part of the face from the eyes up- wards, impudence. Glance is veiled. In what way ? Is this proper 1 Spell eyes, veiled, hoary, prayer, guide. .Oroup. Who are intended by this word ? .Fairy, fa' re, a fabled being of a diminutive 'human form, belonging to fairies, en'chanting, engaging. Dome, building, house, hemispherical arch. Him. Who is meant 1 All-seeing. Of what com- pounded 1 Doll drum. Why are they here introduced ? Are both these toys equally pleasing to children of the same sex 1 -Darksome, gloomy, obscure- Brow, forehead, arch of hair over the eye. What is the attitude and demeanor of these children at prayer ? Lisping, softly speaking, indistinct and hesitating ut- terance. .Cherub, tsher'tib, celestial spirit. His. Whose ? Revile, reproach, vilify, treat with contumely. Jargon, gabble, cant, unintelligible talk. Meaningless, without meaning. From what derived ? Wakening chord, origin, spring, cause, giving birth to. 124 SEQUEL TO THE Oh lovely scene ! most lovely ! would that thou Didst not bedeck the cottage bower alone, But beneath every roof in beauty glow, From the low hamlet to the lofty throne. Then, England, were the smiles of Heaven thine own. The bright paternal smiles of Deity ; Then, my loved country, would thy soil be known The hallowed, and the blest, the truly free, And every evening hour a nation's worship see 1 LESSON XXVI. Confidence and Modesty: A Fable. MRS. BARBAUUV- When the gods knowing it to be for the benefit of mor- tals that the few should lead, and that the many should follow, sent down into this lower world Ignorance and Wisdom, they decreed to each of them an attendant and guide, to conduct their steps, and facilitate their intro- duction. To Wisdom they gave Confidence, and Igno- rance they placed under the guidance of Modesty. Thus paired, the parties travelled about the world for some- time with mutual satisfaction. Wisdom, whose eye was clear and piercing, and com- manded a long reach of country, followed her conductor with pleasure and alacrity. She saw the windings of the road at a great distance ; her foot was firm, her ar- dor was unbroken, and she ascended the hill, or travers- ed the plain with speed and safety* Ignorance, on the other hand, was short-sighted and timid. When she came to a spot, where the road branch- ed out in different directions, or was obliged to pick her way through the obscurity of the tangled thicket, she was frequently at a loss, and was accustomed to stop tilt some one appeared, to give her the necessary informa- tion, which the interesting countenance of her compan- ion seldom failed to procure her. Wisdom, in the meau time, led by a natural instinct, advanced towards the tern pie of Science and Eternal Truth. For some time the way lay plain before her, and she followed her guide with unhesitating steps : but she had not proceeded far before ANALYTICAL READER. 125 Note, tune, voice, sound in music, mark, notice. Oh lovely scene ! What figure is here employed / Bedeck, ornament, deck, adorn. Beneath every roof. What is here the poet's wish ? Hamlet, small village, habitation in a village. Throne, seat of a monarch, king's palace. Smiles of Heaven, favor, blessing of heaven. Paternal, fatherly, benignant, belonging to a father. Hallowed, consecrated, sacred. Spell throne^ he succeeded to his father's throne ; thrown, he was thrown from his horse and bruised. Fable. What is a fable 1 See App. Gods, fictitious deities. This method of writing is borrowed from ancient pagans. , Ignorance. What is ignorance represented to be ? Decreed, allotted, determined. .Facilitate, make easy, free from difficulty. Introduction, from introduce, entrance, coming in. .Guidance, from guide, direction, control. -Paired, connected, coupled. Spell travelled, mutual, parties, satisfaction. .Piercing, peer'sing, or pers'ing, penetrating, sharp. -Reach, extent, region. Conductor, director, guide, leader. From conduct. Alacrity, willingness, nimbleness, promptness. .Traversed, went across, wandered over. Shortsighted, able to see but a short distance. Timid, fearful, cowardly. Branched out. From what object is the figure taken ! -Pick, search out with care, eat slowly. Tangled thicket, trees twisted together, growing thick. Spell obliged, obscurity, necessary. Information, from inform. Is inform itself a primi- tive ? Interesting, suited to awaken interest, affecting. Instinct, natural desire or aversion, innate propen- sity. Science, knowledge, certainty grounded on demon- stration. Eternal truth. Why is truth called eternal ? Unhesitating, ready. Change it into a verb. 136 SEQUEL TO THE the paths grew intricate and entangled ; the meeting branches of the trees spread darkness over her head, and steep mountains barred her way, whose summits, lost in clouds, ascended beyond the reach of mortal vision. At every new turn of the road, her guide urged her to pro- ceed ; but after advancing a little way, she was often obliged to measure back her steps, and often found her- self involved in the mazes of a labyrinth, which, after exercising her patience and her strength, ended but where it began. In the mean time Ignorance, who was naturally im- patient, could but ill bear the continual doubts and hesi- tation of her companion, she hated deliberation, and could not submit to delay. At length it so happened that she found herself on a spot where three ways met, and no indication was to be found which might direct her to the right road. Modesty advised her to wait ; and she had waited till her patience was exhausted. At that moment Confidence, who was in disgrace with Wisdom for some false steps he had led her into, and who had just been discarded from her presence, came up, and offer* himself to be her guide : He was accepted. Under hit? auspices, Ignorance, naturally swift of foot, and who could at any time have outrun Wisdom, boldly passed forward, pleased and satisfied with her new companion, He knocked at every door, visited castle and convent, and introduced his charge to many a society whence Wisdom found herself excluded. Modesty in the mean time, finding she could be of no further use to her charge, offered her services to Wis- dom. They were mutually pleased with each other, and soon agreed never to separate. And ever since that time Ignorance has been led by Confidence, and Modesty has- been found in the society of Wisdom. LESSON XXVII. The Instability of earthly Greatness. PHILLIPS. When the follies and the crimes of the old world may have buried all the pride of its power and all the mark* ANALYTICAL READER. 127 Intricate, perplexed, involved, obscure. Meeting branches. What is the literal meaning of this ? Barred, obstructed, blocked up, rendered impassable, -Vision, sight, appearance, dream. Her guide. Who was she ? Advancing, ad-vanse'ing. Measure back, retrace. Involved, entangled, lost, rolled up. Mazes, winding passages, perplexities, embarrass- ments. Labyrinth* place of obscure windings. Spell patience, hear, doubts, hesitation. -Exercising, putting to trial, calling into action,. Deliberation, thought in order to choice. Delay, procrastination, stay, stop, hindrance. Happened, turned, eventuated, occurred. .Indication, from indicate, evidence, sight. Modesty. Is it a becoming quality in all persons ? Advised, counselled, recommended, requested. .Exhausted, drawn out, wasted away. Confidence. In whom is confidence the most unbe- coming ? Disgrace, diz-gra.se 7 dishonor, shame, ignominy. Discarded, driven away, discharged, ejected. 'Auspices, protection, favor, omens drawn from birds, &c. Swift of foot. Why is this said of ignorance 1 Outrun. Of what compounded ? .Knocked, nok't, struck, dashed. .Door, dore, avenue, passage, entrance, that which opens to yield entrance. Excluded, shut out, hindered from participating. Further, fur'THur. From what derived ? Use. What are some of its derivatives ? -Services, things done at the command of a master. Mutually, reciprocally, in return. Does what is stated in the conclusion of this fable^cor- respond with fact ? Are ignorant persons generally bold and assuming? the wise retiring and modest ? Old world. What is meant by the old world 1 Buried. Can you tell what this metaphor is ? 128 SEQUEL TO THE of its civilization, may not human nature find its destin- ed renovation in the new world. When our temples and our trophies shall have mouldered into dust when the glories of our name shall be but as the legend of tradition, and the light of our achievements live only in song ; philosophy will rise again in the sky of her Frank- lin, and glory rekindle at the urn of her Washington. Is this the vision of romantic fancy? Is it even improb- able? is it half so improbable as the events which, for the last twenty years, have rolled like successive tides* over the surface of the European world, each erasing the impression that preceded it] Those who doubt this have paid but little attention to the never ceasing progress of the rise and fall of nations. They have dwelt with little reflection upon the records of the past. They form their judgment on the deceitful stability of the present hour, never considering the innumerable monarchies and republics, in former days apparently as permanent, their very existence become now the sub- ject of speculation, I had almost said of scepticism. I appeal to history ! Tell me, thou reverend chronicler of the grave, can all the illusions of ambition realized, can all the wealth of an universal cemmerce, can all the achievements of this world's wisdom, secure to empire the permanency of its possessions 1 Alas ! Troy thought so once, yet the land of Priam lives only in song ! Thebes thought so once, yet her hundred gates have crumbled, and her very tombs are but as the dust they were vainly intended to commemorate ! So thought Palmyra : Where is she 1 so thought Persepolis, and now "Yon waste where roaming lions howl, Yon aisle where moans the grey-eyed owl, Shows the proud Persian's great abode, Where sceptred once, an earthly God. His power clad arm controlled each happier clime, Where sports the warbling muse, and fancy soars sublime.*' So thought the country of Demosthenes and the Spar- tan, yet Leonidas is trampled by the timid slave, and Athens insulted by the servile and mindless Ottoman ! In his hurried march, Time has but looked at their im- , ANALYTICAL READER. 129 Civilization, from civil, the state of being civilized. Renovation, renewal, regeneration, springing to new life. New world. What is it ? Trophies, spoils, something taken from an enemy. -Legend, memorial, relation, chronicle of the lives of saints. Tradition, that which is delivered orally, or from mouth to mouth. Sky of her Franklin. What is here intended 1 Who was Franklin ? See App. Rekindle, kindle again, relighted, burn anew. Urn, any vessel of wfyich the mouth is narrower than the body, the vessel in which the remains of burnt bodies are put. Tomb-stone, monument in shape of an urn. Romantic, wild, improbable, imaginative. Erasing, blotting out, rendering unintelligible. Rolled like. Is this a metaphor or comparison ? -Records, history, events, chronicles, accounts. Stability, firmness. From what derived 1 Monarchies, governments of which a king is the head* Republics, governments in which the people choose their rulers. Scepticism, skep'te-sizm, universal doubt. Reverend Chronicler, venerable historian. What figure is used ? Grave, actions of those now in the grave. Empire, .imperial power, dominion, government of an empire. .Troy. What and where was this place ? } Land of Priam. Who ws he 1 > See App. .Thebes. What know you of this place ? ) Palmyra. Can you describe this city ?) g . .Persepolis. What do you know of this ? ( Yon waste, that distant, desolate place. -Moans, laments, mourns, cries, hoots. Proud Persian's. Who was he ? See App. An earthly God. Wlfy this title ? Power clad, clothed with power, strong. Warbling muse, poetic strain, singing of poetry. .Demosthenes. Describe him and his country. See App. 130 SEQUEL TO THE agined immortality, and all its vanities from the palace to the tomb, have, with their ruins, erased the very im- pressions of his footsteps ! The days of their glory are, as if they had never been ; and the island that was then a speck, rude and neglected in the barren ocean, now rivals the ubiquity of their commerce, the glory of their arms, the fame of their philosophy, the eloquence of their senate, and the inspiration of their bards ! Who shall say, then, contemplating the past, that England, proud and potent as she appears, may not be what Athens zs, and the young America soar to be what Athens was. Who shall say, when the European column shall have mouldered, and the night of barba- rism obscured its very ruins, that that mighty continent may not emerge from the horizon, to rule for its time sovereign of the ascendant ! Such is the natural progress of human operations, and such the mockery of human pride. LESSON XXVIII. The Slides from the White Mountains. ANON. The rains had been falling nearly three weeks over the southern parts of New England; before they reach- ed the neighborhood of the White Mountains. At the close of a stormy day, the clouds all seemed to come to- gether as to a resting place, on these lofty summits; and having retained their chief treasures till now, at midnight discharged them in one terrible burst of rain, the effects of which were awful and disastrous. The storm continued most of the night ; but the next morn- ing was clear and serene. The view from the hill of Bethlehem was extensive and delightful. In the eastern horizon, mount Washington, with the neighboring- peaks, on the north and on the south, formed a grand outline far up in the blue sky. Two or three small flee- cy clouds rested on its side, a little below its summit, while from behind this highest point of land in the Unit- ed States east of the Mississippi, the sun rolled up re- joicing in his strength and glory. We started off to- ANALYTICAL READER. 131 Leonidas, the Spartan. What know you of him. See App. Ottoman, Turk, follower of Mahomet. Time. What figure of speech is here used ? -Impressions, marks, feelings, suspicions. Island. What island is meant ? Was it known be- fore the Christian era ? Barren ocean. Why was the ocean then said to be barren ? .Ubiquity, whole, omnipresence. Glory, splendor, victory, success, renown. Senate, assembly for enacting laws, court. Bard?, poets, minstrels, songsters. England. Where situate ? See maps. Potent, strong, powerful, mighty, great. Young America. Why called young? Column, kol'lum, round pillar, part of a page. Barbarism. Savage state. Why called a night ? Emerge, rise, ascend from the water. -Ascendant, part of the ecliptic above the horizon, su- perior, predominant, superiority. Sovereign of the ascendant, most powerful during its own time. . White Mountains. Where are they ? Slides, masses of earth, &c. sliding down the moun- tain. Southern part. W T hat States are in New England ? and what constitute the southern part ? Treasures. What are the clouds likened to ? -Discharged, disburdened, unloaded, set free, let off a gun- Disastrous, calamitous, destructive. Serene, calm, still, cloudless, unruffled. -View, prospect, sight, examine, observe. What is the highest peak of the White Hills ? Horizon, line that terminates the view. Outline, contour, extremity, line defining a figure. Fleecy, wooly, covered with wool, like the fleeces of sheep. East. What States are west of the Mississippi ? Give a description of this river. , Rejoicing. What figure of speech is here employed ? 132 SEQUEL TO THE wards the object of our journey, with spirits greatly es> hilarated by the beauty and grandeur of our prospect* As we hastened forward with our eyes fixed on the tops of the mountains before us, little did we think of the scene of destruction around their base on which the sun was now for the first time beginning to shine. In about half an hour we entered a wilderness in which we were struck with its universal stillness. From every leaf in its immense masses of foliage the rain hung in large glittering drops ; and the silver note of a single unseen and unknown bird was the only sound that we could hear. After we had proceeded a mile or two, the roaring of the Ammonoosuc began to break upon the stillness, and now grew so loud as to excite our surprise. In consequence of coming to the river almost at right angles, and by a very narrow road, through trees and bushes very thick, we had no view of the water, till with a quick trot we had advanced upon the bridge too far to retreat, when the sight that opened at once to the right hand and to the left, drew from all of us similar exclamations of as- tonishment and terror ; and we hurried over the trem- bling fabric as fast as possible. After finding ourselves safe on the other side, we walked down to the brink ; and, though familiar with mountain scenery, we all con- fessed we had never seen a mountain torrent before. The water was as thick with earth as it could be, with- out being changed into mud. A man liviirg near in a log hut showed us how high it was at day break. Though it had fallen six feet, he assured us it was ten feet above its ordinary level. To this add its ordinary depth of three or four feet, and here at day break was a body of water twenty feet deep and sixty feet wide, moving with the rapidity of a gale of wind between steep banks cov- ered with hemlocks and pines, and over a bed of large rocks, breaking its surface into billows like those of the ocean. After gazing a few moments on this sublime sight, we proceeded on our way, for the most part at some distance from the river till we came to the farm of Rosebrook, lying on the banks. We found his fields covered with water, and sand, and flood-wood. His fences and bridges were all swept away, and the road was so blocked up with logs, that we had to wait for the ANALYTICAL READER. 133 ^.Exhilarated, revived, regaled, made merry. Beauty and grandeur. What is the usual effect of such a view ? -Fixed on, fastened to, looking at. Scene, spectacle, exhibition, division of a play. -Base, foundation, foot, bottom. Wilderness, desert, a solitary *nd savage tract, from wild. -Struck, beaten, affected, impressed. Masses, heaps, quantities, shapeless pieces. -Silver, soft and clear, like^ilver, precious metal. Roaring, loud hoarse sou"*. What animal is prop- erly said to roar ? -Break, tear asunder, ir>errupt. Ammonoosuc, (tipped an d Lower,) rivers of New- Hampshire. -Grew, became, enlaged in size. At right angles, stp*ght against it, making a square corner on each ^ e * -Retreat, go back/ty from an enemy. -Sight, prospect, * ew act or sense of seeing. Drew. Is this /figurative expression ? Exclamation, f m exclaim, sudden expression. .Fabric, struct, building, bridge. .Scenery, fro* scene, prospects, views, landscapes. Confessed, ^knowledged, asked pardon for an error. Torrent, r>id, overwhelming stream. -Changed, Altered, converted, turned. -Fallen, leered, suddenly descended to the earth. -Ordinary common, usual, customary, in a state of mediocrity. -Add, ainex, connect with, reckon up. Rapidty, from rapid, velocity, celerity. Billovs, waves, fluctuations, unevenness of the ocean. -Ocean- In what respect did this torrent resemble the ocean ? Hejnlocks and pines, evergreens, unfading as to their colors. -Lying, reposing, situate, telling lies. Flood wood, wood borne down by the flood. Swept away, carried away. Whence the figure 7 Blocked up, obstructed, rendered impassable. 12 134 SEQUEL TO THE labor of men and oxen before we could get to his bouse. Here we were told that the river was never before known to bring down any considerable quantity of earth, and were pointed to bare spots on the sides of the White Mountains, mver seen till that morning. As our road, for the remaining six miles, lay quite near the river and crossed mam small tributary streams, we em- ployed a man to accomoany us with an axe. We were frequently obliged to remove trees from the road, to fill excavations, to mend anl make bridges, or contrive to get our horses and wag> n along separately. After toiling in this manner half \ day, we reached the end of our journey, not however wthout being obliged to leave our wagon half a mile behim I n many places, in those six miles, the road and the w le adjacent woods, as it appeared from the marks on he trees, had been over- flowed to the depth of ten feet. In one place, the river, in consequence of some obstrution at a remarkable fall, had been twenty feet higher than it was when we passed. We stopped to view the fi, which Dr. Dwight calls " beautiful." He says of it, the descent is from fifty to sixty feet, cut through a mas o f stratified gran- ite ; the sides of which appear as if bey had been laid by a mason in a variety of fantastical ^ rm s ; betraying, however, by their rude arcd wild aspet, the masterly hand of nature." This description is ufficiently cor- rect ; but the beauty of the fall was no\*l os t in its sub- limity. You have only to imagine the wh e body of the Ammonobsuc, as it appeared at the bricr e which we crossed, now compressed to half of its wio-.h, and sent downward at an angle of 20 or 25 degrees, b tween per- pendicular walls of stone. On our arrival at Crawford's, the appearance of his farm was like that of Roebrook's, only much worse. Some of his sheep and catie were lost, and eight hundred bushels of oats were destroyed. Here we found five gentlemen, who gave us an mterest- ing account of their unsuccessful attempt to ascend Mount Washington the preceding day. They went to the " Camp" at the foot of the mountain on Sabbath eve- ning, and lodged there with the intention of climbing; the summit the next morning. But in the morning the mountains were enveloped in thick clouds ; the rain be- ANALYTICAL READER. 135 Labors, employments, callings, avocations. Considerable, very large, of some extent. Quantity, mass, bulk. -Earth, inert matter, soil, dirt, globe, planet. Bring down. Do you recollect any mountains in Europe famous for slides 1 -Bare, naked, stripped of external covering, expose. Tributary, emptying in, subordinate, paying tribute. Employed, engaged, negotiated with. Accompany, attend, go with, from company. Excavations, places dug out, hollownesses. Mend, repair, refit, make passable. Toiling, from toil, laboring, fatiguing one's self. -Reached, attained to, arrived at, extended. Adjacent, contiguous, neighboring, in close proxi- mity. Overflowed, inundated, spread over* Obstruction, hindrance, difficulty, from obstruct. -Fall, cataract, descent of water, descend, stumble. Dr. Dwight. Who was this gentleman 1 Stratified, lying in strata, abounding in layers. .Granite, hard coarse rock, rock having grains. Mason, stone or brick layer. Fantastical, wild, imaginative, unreasonable. -Betraying, discovering, becoming treacherous, acting the traitor. Rude, coarse, rough, unpolished, uncultivated. Aspect, face, countenance, appearance, look. Nature. What is it represented to be ? Imagine, picture in your thoughts. From image. Compressed, contracted, narrowed. Angle of 20 or 25 degrees. Make such an angle as nearly as you can on your slate. See App. Perpendicular walls, walls whose sides are upright. Bushels. How many quarts in a bushel 1 Unsuccessful, unavailing, without success. -Attempt, endeavor, try, assay, make the experi- ment. Intention, purpose, design, from intent. Summit, peak, loftiest point, from sum. Enveloped, covered, concealed, veiled. 136 SEQUEL TO THE gaii to fall, and increased till afternoon, when it came down in torrents. At five o'clock they proposed to spend another night at the camp, and let their guide return home for a fresh supply of provisions for the next day. But the impossibility of keeping a fire where every thing was so wet, and at length the advice of their guide made them all conclude to return, though with great re- luctance. No time was now to be lost, for they had sev- eu miles to travel on foot, and six of them by a rugged path through a gloomy forest. They ran as fast as their circumstances would permit ; but the dark evergreens around them, and the black clouds above, made it night before they had gone half of the way. The rain pour- ed down faster every moment ; and the little streams, which they had stepped across the evening before, must now be crossed by wading, or by cutting down trees for bridges, to which they were obliged to cling for life. In this way they reached the bridge over the Ammonoosuc near Crawford's just in time to pass it before it was car- ried down the current. On Wednesday, the weather being clear and beautiful, and the waters having subsi- ded, six gentlemen, with a guide, went to Mount Wash- ington, and one accompanied Mr. Crawford to the " Notch, "*from which nothing had yet been heard. We met again at evening and related to each other what we had seen. The party who went to the mountain were five hours in reaching the site of the Camp, instead of three, the usual time. The path for nearly one third of the distance was so much excavated, or covered with miry sand, or blocked up with flood wood, that they were obliged to grope their way through thickets almost impenetrable, where one generation of trees after anoth- er, had risen and fallen, and were now lying across each other in every direction, and in various stages of decay. The Camp itself had been wholly swept away; and the bed of the rivulet, by which it had stood, was now more than ten rods wide, and with banks from ten to fifteen feet high. Four or five other brooks were pass- ed, whose beds were enlarged, some of them to twice the extent of this. In several the water was now only three or four feet wide, while the bed often, fifteen, or twenty rods in width 5 was covered for miles with stones ANALYTICAL READER. 137 Increased, was augmented, became more power- ful. Spell nighty they spent another night at the camp ; knight, he was raised for his valor, to the rank of a knight. -Guide, leader, director, afford guidance. -Supply, quantity, what is necessary, furnish. .Provisions, victuals, from provide. Reluctance, unwillingness, repugnance. Rugged, rough, uneven, toilsome. Forest, woods, thick trees. Night. How could these things make it night ? Spell pour, they pour out their contents ; pore, he bled at every pore, they pore over their lesson. Wading, fording, crossing, without bridge or boat. Cling, adhere, cleave, fasten themselves. Little streams. Are the sources of large rivers small. -Current, running stream, prevailing, swift channel. -Just, precisely, exactly, only according to justice. Subsided, settled down, freed from agitation. Gentleman. Of what compounded ? Who is a gen- tleman f Notch. Can you describe this place ? -Related, gave an account, connected by blood. Mount Washington; What is its height ? After whom is it named ? Party, band, scout, number of persons. Site, spot, where it stood, place, situation. Camp. Who lodged here a few days before ? Excavated, dug into cavities. Grope, feel, search out by feeling in the dark. Impenetrable, impassable, cannot be penetrated. Generation, growth, race, age, from generate. -Stages, states, processes, theatre. Decay, decomposition, going back to dust. Rivulet, from river, small streiim, brpok. Brook, running water, rivulet, to bear, to endure, to be content. -Beds, places of running, channels, couches. In several, in a number, many, part. 12* *38 SEQUEX TO THE from two to five feet in diameter, that had been roiled-' down the mountain and through the forests, by thou- sands, bearing every thing before them. Not a tree y nor the root o;' a tree, remained in their path. Immense piles of hemlocks and other trees, with their limbs and bark entirely bruised off, were lodged all the way on both sides, as they had been driven in among the stand- ing and half standing trees on the banks. While the party were climbing the mountain, thirty " slides" were counted, some of which began where the soil and vege- tation terminate, and growing wilder as they descended, were estimated to contain more than a hundred acres. These were all on the western side of the mountains. They were composed of the whole surface of the earth, with all its growth of woods, and its loose rocks, to the depth of 15, 20, and 30 feet. And wherever the slides of the projecting mountains met, forming a vast ravine, the depth was still greater. LESSON XXIX. The same, concluded. The intelligence from the Notch, was of a more mel- ancholy nature. In June last there was a slide at this place, not unlike the one which we are now describing. A person, who was at the spot a few days after the oc- currence, thus indulges his excited feelings : " The sub- lime and awful grandeur of the Notch baffles all des- cription. Geometry may settle the heights of the moun- tains, and numerical figures may record the measure, but no words can tell the emotions of the soul, as it looks upward and views the almost perpendicular preci- pices which line the narrow spade between them ; while the senses ache with terror and astonishment, as one sees himself hedged in from all the world besides. He may cast his eye forward or backward, or to either side he can see only upward, and there the diminutive cir- cle of his vision is cribbed and confined by the battle- ments of nature's ' cloud-capt towers,' which seem as if they wanted only the breathing of a zephyr, or the waft- ANALYTICAL READER. Diameter, distance across or through. Covered, enveloped, concealed, overspread. By thousands, in great numbers. Immense, immeasurable, unlimited, very great. ^Piles, heaps, masses, quantities. Limbs, arms, branches. .Bruised, peeled, knocked. Half standing. What was their appearance 1 Soil. How does that differ from other earth ? Vegetation, growth of trees and plants, from vegetate. Terminate, cease, discontinue, limit. Estimated, judged, thought, considered. Western, from west. What are the cardinal points ? Composed, made up, formed, written. Surface of the earth, external coat. -Growth, increase, enlargement, productions. Loose, unbound, untied, unchaste. Projecting, imminent, hanging out. Ravine, narrow opening, fissure. ^Intelligence, knowledge, news, information. -Nature, kind, character, what is opposed to art. Indulges, grants permission to, gratifies, bestows fer- vor upon. Excited, agitated, awakened, enlivened. Baffles, defeats, frustrates, eludes, confounds. -Settle, determine, cause to subside. Heights, distances from the level of the earth, or sea. Record, note down, take account of, Precipices, steep crags, broken rocks. -Line, limit, cover, small cord. Hedged in, shut up, confined. Diminutive, small, comparative little. -Circle, line equally distant from the centre, extent- Cribbed, caged, shut up in a narrow habitation. Battlements, walls with interstices. Cloud-capt towers, heights of mountains covered witU clouds, Wafting, floating, being borne along- 140 SEQUEL TO THE ing of a straw against them, to displace them, and crush the prisoner in their fall. Just before my visit to thi& place, there was a tremendous avalanche, or slide, as it is there called, from the mountain, which makes the southern wall of the passage. An immense mass of earth and rocks, from the side of the mountain, was loos- ened from its resting place, and began to slide towards the bottom. In its course it divided into three portions, each coming down, with amazing velocity, into the road, and sweeping before it shrubs, trees and rocks, filling up the road beyond all possibility of its being recovered. With great labor, a pathway has been made over these fallen masses, which admits the passage of a carriage. The place from which this slide 01* slip was loosen- ed, is directly in the rear of Mr. Willey's house ; and were there not a special Providence in the fall of a sparrow, and had not the finger of that Providence tra- ced the direction of the sliding mass, neither he, nor any soul of his family, would have ever told the tale. They heard the noise when it first began to move, arid ran to the door. In terro^yand amazement, they beheld the mountain in motion. "* But what can human power effect in such an emergency 1 Before they could think of re- treating, or ascertain which way to escape, the danger was past. One portion of the avalanche crossed the road about ten rods only from their habitation," Such was the alarm and the danger of that unfortunate family, early in the summer. Knowing how much they must have been exposed by this repeated falling of the mountain ; we were peculiarly anxious to hear what in- formation Crawford and the gentleman accompanying him, had brought from the Notch. They found the road, though a turnpike, in such a state, that they were oblig- ed to walk to the house of this family, a distance of six miles. All the bridges over the Ammonoosuc, five in number, those over the Saco, and those over the tribu- tary streams of both, were gone. In the Notch, and along the deep defile below it, for a mile and a half to the Notch house, and as far as could be seen beyond it, no appearance of the road, except in one place for two or three rods, could be discovered. The steep sides of the mountains, first on one hand, then on the other, and ANALYTICAL READER. 141 Displace, disarrange, throw into confusion. Avalanche, av-a-lanch, slide of the mountain. What country do such things abound in 1 Passage, from pass. What was this 1 -Slide, slip, fall, coming down of a part of the mount. -Course, passage, going down, direction. Amazing, astonishing, overwhelming. Shrubs, small bushes, under brush. Recovered, possessed again, rejoiced, made as be- fore. -Carriage, vehicle, deportment, air. In the rear, back, behind. Special, particular, peculiar, appropriate, extraordi- nary. Providence, interposition of God, divine aid or direc* tion. Sparrow, See Luke 12 : 6, 7. -Traced, marked out, followed by the track. Tale, occurrence, story, marvellous account. Spell heard, the speaker was distintly heard ; herd, they herd together, the whole herd ran violently down the precipice. Human power, power or energy of man. -Emergency, pressing necessity, sudden occasion. -Retreating, flying away, withdrawing, giving back. .Ascertain, find out, know for certainty. Habitation, place inhabited, tenement. Unfortunate, calamitous, afflicted, from fortune. Repeated falling. How many slides were there ? .Anxious, solicitous, very desirous. Information, intelligence, news. Crawford. How long was he going and return- ing? State, condition, division of a country, make mention. Saco. What know you of this river ? -Defile, narrow passage, render impure. Appearance, external looks, visible marks, what is op- posed to reality. Discovered, discerned, searched out, brought to light, -Hand, side, way, extremity of the arm. Spell Saco, Saw' ko, Ammonoosuc.. 142 SEQUEL TO THE then on both, had slid down into this narrow passage* and presented a continued mass from one end to the oth- er, so that it will require immense labor to render this road again passable. The Notch house was found un- injured, though the barn adjoining it by a shed, was crushed, and under its ruins were two dead horses. The house was entirely deserted ; the beds were tumbled ; their covering was turned down ; and near them upon chairs and on the floor, lay the wearing apparel of the several members of the family ; while the money and papers of Mr. Willey were lying in his open bar. No ; not one of the family remains to tell another tale of dan- ger. They were all buried alive under the overwhelm- ing masses of earth and stone. Nine of them in num- ber, frightened from their beds, and running for their lives to what they thought would be a place of greater safety, met death in his most appalling terrors, while they fondly hoped they were escaping from his fury. The mountains fell upon them, and hid them forever, from the light of life. After their alarm in June, Mr. Willey erected a camp at a little distance from the house, as a refuge in times of similar danger. This camp he supposed to be entirely secure ; and to this the family were flying on that disas- trous night. Had they remained in their house they would all have been saved, as a large rock in the rear of their dwelling resisted the avalanche, divided the tor- rent of sliding earth, rocks, trees, and water, leaving the house and a few feet of earth in front unbroken. But not so was the will of Heaven. Their death has blend- ed a gloominess and a terror with the sublimity of the scene. The future traveller to this spot, while he feels a weakness coming over him, as he gazes up towards the heavens, and traces the horrible path of this disrup- tion ; while he remembers that a long storrn of rain beat upon the overhanging brow of the mountain, and that black heavy clouds girdled it mid- way ; while his imagination draws the curtain of night over the hills and over the valley below, and he almost feels the awful grandeur of that moment when a long ridge of the dark ragged mountain, loosened itself in the higher regions of clouds, and rolled its desolations into the gulf be- ANALYTICAL READER. H3 Formed, moulded, shaped, made, constituted. Continued, uninterrupted, continuous. Passable, can be travelled, from pass. Uninjured, unhurt, without loss. From what ? Adjoining, adjacent to, connected with, from join. -Deserted, forsaken, fled, escaped unlawfully. Apparel, garb, habiliments, dress. Money and papers. What was Mr. Willey's busi- ness 1 -Bar, bolt, room in a tavern, obstacle at the entrance of a harbor. Another tale. What was the former ? Overwhelming, deluging, swallowing up. Appalling, hideous, terrific, frightful. Mountains fell upon them. Rev. vi. 15, 16. Hid them. What does the Bible mention as more dreadful than this ? Light of life, day of life, or life itself. Erected, raised up, built, constructed. Camp, order of tents placed by armies, place for lodg- ing. Refuge, place of security, place to flee to. Danger. Is man often ignorant in regard to his own safety ? Disastrous, fatal, abounding in disasters, calamitous. -Remained, stayed behind, abode still. Saved. Is it certain they would have been saved ? -Resisted, contended with, opposed, obstructed. Will of Heaven, purpose of God, divine counsel. -Blended, mingled, united colors, confounded. Gloominess, sadness, melancholy, from gloom. Sublimity. What is necessary to sublimity ? Scene. W^hat was this ? Weakness, imbecility, effeminacy, want of strength. As he gazes. Why a weakness then ? Disruption, break, rent, act of breaking asunder. -Beat, fell violently, struck, attacked with fists or clubs. -Brow, forehead, arch over the eye, edge of a high place. Girdled, hung round, bound around, wearing a girdle, Curtain. What is night made to resemble ? Grandeur, loftiness, sublimity, from grand. Ragged, uneven, rough, rent into tatters. 144 SEQUEL TO THE eath overwhelming as this must be to his senses ; will yet regard it all' with deeper, and more awful emotions, by the vivid recollection, that the wail of despair was in the storm, and the angel of death was at work busied in this breaking up of the elements. These hapless suffer- ers will never need a marble to perpetuate their memo- ries. Their catastrophe may always be read on the rent face of a monument larger than the pyramids. LESSON XXX. A Whole Family Extinct. My feelings were in too high a state of excitement to attempt to write on what had happened. Even now, so many days after the mournful scene has passed, my bo- som heaves with grief, not unlike the ocean which swells and rolls its extended billows long after the storm has ceased to rage. Our family have been visited with the sorest affliction. To lose so many relatives in one fatal moment, ignorant of the distress through which they passed, left in awful suspense to form a thousand heart- rending conjectures, without the possibility of obtaining an accurate knowledge of their condition to think of death coming, in this or that horrid shape, on the part- ners of our blood, must, you will readily believe, have pierced the bosoms of remaining kindred with sorrows too deep to be soon forgotten. Long will our breasts remain scarred with their wounds: a state, which agrees but too well with the present appearances of the region, whence springs our sorrow, where a cheerless desola- tion prevails, though the tempest which produced it has ceased its fury, and the thunder of that dreadful night no longer rolls its tremendous peals amidst the cliffs and de- files of those majestic hills, which being daily exposed to our view, are the daily remembrancers of our woe. A mournful sense of what has passed we shall carry with us to our graves. After leaving Crawford's, and proceeding to the place of our destination, when we entered the opening, a hun- dred rods perhaps below the Notch house, which was ANALYTICAL READER. 145 Desolations, ruins, destructions, from desolate. Senses, feelings. What are the senses 7 Vivid, lively, quick, striking:, active. Wail, audible sorrow, shriek, groan. Angel of death. What is death here represented to he? Elements, component parts of the world. Perpetuate, continue in existence, make lasting. Catastrophe, event of death, final issue, destruction. Pyramids. Can you tell where these aroto he fotrnd t .Extinct, without" succession, put out, quenched, ex- tinguished, blotted out. This is the Willcy family which is mentioned in the preceding lesson ; and this account is from another hand, given in a private letter to a relative at a distance by a brother of the lamented man, whose catastrophe, with that of his whole household, is here recorded. As the event is without any parallel in our country, and deserves perpetual remembrance, no apology is deemed re- quisite for giving the history of it a place in a work of this kind; and the description would be imper- fect without the part which is contained in this les- jsjon, as it describes an approach to the scene of des- olation from a point opposite to that from which the writer of the two former lessons approached it. The author too had a deep personal interest in his sub- ject, and had taken all the pains to investigate the circumstances and give an accurate report, which ardent affection, in such a case, would dictate. The whole must be profitably interesting to the youth of our land. .Scarred, marked with wounds. Is the expression fig- urative ? Region. What place is meant ? How did its appear- ance agree with the state of mind just described ? Cheerless, without gaiety, or comfort, melancholy. From what derived ? Dreadful night. To what night is allusion made ? Peals, loud sounds succeeding each other. .Remembrancers, persons or things that remind, pre- serve the memory of. The writer from his habita- tion had a full view of the White Mountains. Crawford'*, Not the Crawford mentioned before 13 146 SEQUEL TO THE still hidden from sight by an intervening ascent, we met the first great slip which had crossed our path on level ground, and in some places actually ascending 50 or 60, and I know not but a hundred rods, so great was the force with which it had been propelled from the base of the mountain. After passing this, which con- sisted of large rocks, trees and sand, and which was impassable except by footmen, and reaching the eleva- tion just mentioned, we came in full view of the Notch house, and all the ruins which surround it. On our right stood in lengthened prospect the precipitous moun- tains, which had been scored and riven by the fires and tempests of many succeeding years. On our left and in front stood those, which though once covered with a wood of pleasant green, now presented their_ sides lacer- ated and torn by the convulsions of the recent storm. The plain before us appeared one continued bed of sand and rocks, with here and there the branches of green trees, and their peeled and shivered trunks, with old logs, which from their appearance must lo,ng have been buried beneath the mountain soil. With these the mea- dow, that stretches along before the Notch house, was covered and so deep that none of the long grass, nor even the alders that grew there, are to be seen. Moving on from this site, we came upon the next large slip, which continued till it met that of another, which came down below the Notch house, and within a rod of it. Thus far it was one continued heap of ruins ; and be- yond the house the slips continued many rods. The one back of the house started in a direction, in which it must have torn it away, had it not been arrested by a ridge of land extending back from the house to a more precipit- ous part of the mountain. Descending to the point of this ridge, the slip divided, and sought the vallies which lie at the base ; one part carrying away in its course the stable above the house, and the other passing immedi- ately below it, leaving the house itself uninjured. It is this part, which is generally supposed to have carried away my brother and his family. It is judged from ap- pej*rances, to be the last that came down. It is the com- mon, and a very probable conjecture, that the family de- signed, at first, to keep the house, and did actually re- ANALYTICAL READER. 147 There were two, the elder, and the younger, who lived in opposite directions from the " Notch." Between this paragraph and the former there was, in the original letter, a particular and minute de- scription of the objects that presented themselves on approaching the mountains from Conway, no com- petent idea of which, the writer remarks, could be conveyed by the most accurate and definite language. " One broad look is worth a thousand descriptions. The mountains' sides indicate the desolating tem- pest which has but recently 'spent its force upon their summits torn by avalanches of different sizes, suc- ceeding each other in quick succession, and plough- ing long and deep grooves down their lengthened declivities. One came down to the N. E. of Craw- ford's house, filled up the channel of the stream, and turned the current in a new direction, so that it ran into the house and filled the lower rooms with wa- ter to the depth of several feet. Opening, breach, aperture, cleared spot within a forest. Intervening, coming between. .Ascent, as-sent 7 , rise, act of rising, eminence. Propelled, driven forvrard. .Impassable, impervious, not admitting passage. Elevation. What word, a few lines before, was used to express the same thing ? Notch house. Who had occupied it ? Why this ap- pellation ? -Precipitous, steep, headlong, sudden, rash. Scored, marked, notched, having incisions. Riven, split, cleft asunder, divided. Left. What point of compass would the left hand be ? Lacerated, rent, torn. Peeled, stripped of bark or skin. Shivered, shattered, broken to shivers, split into shiver, or splinters. Trunks, bodies without their limbs, chests for clothes, probosces of elephants. Slips, the masses which slid or slipped down from the mountain. Met that of another. Do you get a definite idea of the appearances from this part of the description ? Sought, aimed at, went to find, tok the direction of. 148 SEQUEL TO THE main in it, till after the descent of most of the slips. From the commencement of the storm in its greatest fury, they were probably on the alert, though previously to this some of them might have retired to rest; that the children had, was pretty evident from appearances in the- house, when first entered after the disaster. My brother, it is pretty certain, had not undressed ; he stood watching the movements and vicissitudes of the awfully anxious season. When the storm had increased to such violence, as to threaten their safety, and descending av- alanches seemed to be sounding " the world's last knell/* he roused his family, and prepared them, as he could, for a speedy flight, trembling every moment, lest they should be buried under the ruins of their falling habita- tion. At this hurried, agitating moment of awful sus- pense, the slide which parted back of the house is sup- posed to have come down, a part of which struck, and carried away the stable. Hearing the crash, they in- stantly and precipitately rushed from their dwelling, and attempted to flee in the opposite direction ; but the thick darkness concealing all objects from their sight, they were almost instantly ingulfed in the desolating torrent which passed below the house ; and which precipitated them, together with rocks and trees, into the swollen and frantic tide below, and cut off at once all hope oj escape. Amidst the rage and foam of so much water,, tilled as it was with so many instruments of death, they had no alternative, but to meet the doom which was their appointed allotment. Such were, probably, the circumstances ; but as there are no survivers to tell the horrors of that awful night,, we shall never know them with certainty, till the rec- ords of eternity disclose them. We know the family per- ished, and we know the circumstances of their death must have been distressing beyond description. Bring them, for a moment, before your imao-isnition. The ava- lanche, which only two months before had nearly caus- ed their instantaneous death, if it had not induced tim- idity, must have greatly increased their sensibility to, danger, and filled them with ominous forebodings, when this new war of elements began. Add to this the " hor- ror of thick darkness," which surrounded their dwell- ANALYTICAL READER. 149 -Base, bottom, foundation, the pedestal of a statue, mean, low, without value. Spell course, carrying away in its course : coarse, he was coarse in his manners, they lived on coarse fare. Judged, thought, concluded, believed. -Conjecture, guess, imperfect knowledge, probable opinion. Spell descent, actually, family. On the alert, wakeful, vigilant, looking out, preparing for. .Prejty, prit'te, in some degree, neat, elegant, beauti- ful without grandeur or dignity. .Disaster, misfortune, overthrow, mischief, calamity. .Vicissitudes, changes, succession of changes. .Threaten, menace, forebode evil to. .Knell, the sound of a bell rung at a funeral. Whence the propriety of its use in the present case ? Flight, escape, act of removing from danger, act of using wings. Hurried, hastened, precipitate. Suspense, doubt, uncertainty, delay. -Stable, dwelling for beasts, fixed, steady, constant. Crash, loud mixed sound, bruise, loud complicated noise of many things falling. Rushed, moved with tumultuous rapidity. .Ingulfed, swallowed up. Desolating, laying waste, depriving of inhabitants. Frantic, outrageous, turbulent, deprived of under- standing. Alternative, choice of two things, so that if one be rejected the other must be taken. Allotment, part, share, portion assigned. Horrors, awful sensations, terrific events. Records of eternity. What are these 1 Hare w# good authority for such language. Disclose, open, reveal, unfold, make known. Before your imagination. How could this be done ? Instantaneous, done in an instant. .Ominous, inauspicious, exhibiting bad tokens. War of elements. Whence the propriety of the ex-r pression ? Is it more or less forcible than a differ- ent mode of speech ? 13* 150 SEQUEL TO THE ing the tempest raging with unbridled violence tfar bursting thunder, peal answering to peal, and echoing from hill to hill the piercing lightning, whose momen- tary flashes only rendered the darkness and their dan- ger the more painfully visible huge masses of the mountain tumbling from their awful height with accu- mulating and crashing ruins into the abyss below their habitation shaken to its foundation by the?e concussions of nature ; with all these circumstances of terror con- spiring, what consternation must have filled the soul ! And then, the critical instant, when the crashing of the stable by the resistless mass, warned them to flee who can enter into their feelings at this moment of wild up- roar and confusion ! Snatching what of clothing they could, as a slight defence from the " pitiless storm," children shrieking through fear parental love consult- ing for their safety at the risk of their own all rushing instantaneously from the house, as the last resort, and, alas ! instead of finding safety abroad, plunging injo the jaws of instant death ! But O, how feeble are our conceptions, compared with the reality! It is impossible for us to know what they endured they cannot return to teil us the story of their sufferings. They are gone. Their spirits fled away hastily, as on the wings of the wind, from one of the most dreary spots on earth, and rendered doubly so by the circumstances above narrated. Relatives and friend* have one consolation the privilege of hoping, that* from the temper and conduct they exhibited, they have departed from the turmoil and dangers of earth, to the peace and security of heaven. But it is not my object to speak their eulogy, or decide on their condition. I leave them in the hands of God, into whose presence they have sped. Meanwhile, survivors have a lesson to learn from the mournful event. From their graves should arise so many mementos of our own mortality Their sudden overthrow on that fearful night, present* to us, perhaps, one of the liveliest images of the judg- ment scene. Our minds should be deeply impressed with that inspired exhortation, to which this affliction gives a most affecting emphasis : " Be ye, therefore, ready, also ; for the Son of man cometh at an hour when ye think not.' 1 ANALYTICAL READER. 151 .Unbridled, unrestrained, licentious. Bursting thunder. Why thus characterised ? Why is the lightning called piercing? Momentary flashes. What are they ? Painfully visible. How does this appear? Huge, vast, immense, enormous. Accumulating and crashing ruins, the ruins increas- ed as they descended. .Concussions, shakings, agitations, tremblings, quak- ings. Conspiring, coming together, agreeing together. Consternation, astonishment, amazement, terror, dread. Critical instant, the instant which was to determine their fate. Snatching, seizing hastily. Pitiless, merciless, without compassion. Whence its application to storm ? Risk, hazard, danger. Jaws, bones of the mouth in which the teeth are fixed. Whence the propriety of its use here ? Conceptions, ideas, sentiments, apprehensions, imag- inations. Reality, truth, the facts as they actually were. Hastily, as on the wings of the wind 1 Why so ? Dreary, dre' re, gloomy, dismal, distressful. Doubly so. Will this apply to the relatives only, or in a degree to all ? On what principle ? Privilege, right, immunity. .Turmoil, disturbance, trouble, uneasiness. .Eulogy, praise, encomium. Sped, hasted away. Meanwhile, in the meantime. .Mementos, monitory notices, hints to awaken the memory. .Images, representations, likenesses. Judgment scene. What have the scriptures taught us respecting this ? Inspired, given by inspiration, animated by supernat- ural infusion. Emphasis, force, weight, impressiveness. Where is this exhortation to be found ? 1-5B SEQUEL TO THE LESSON XXXI. The Cottage of the Hills. ANON. How sweetly 'neath the pale moonlight, That slumbers on the woodland height, Yon little cot appears ; just seen Amid the twining' evergreen, That fondly clings around its form. Poor trembler, I have seen like thee, Fond woman in her constancy, E'en when the stormiest hour came on, Cling closer to the much loved one, Nor dream, till every tie was parted, That ail within was hollow-hearted. Yon little cot looks wondrous fair, And yet no taper-light is there ! Say, whither are its dwellers gone 1 Bird of the mountain, thou alone Saw by the lightning from on high, The mountain-torrent rushing by ; Beheld, upon its wild wave borne, The tall pine from the hill top torn. Amid its roar, thine ear alone Heard the wild shriek the dying groan, The prayer that struggled to be free Breathed forth in life's last agony ! Jn vain no angel form was there, The wild wave drowned the sufferer's prayer. As down the rocky glen they sped, The mountain spirits shriek'd and fled ! 'Twas morning; and the glorious sun Shone on the work, which death had done On shattered cliff, and broken branch, The ruin of the Avalanche ! And there lay one, upon whose brow, Age had not shed its wintry snow ; The fragment in whose clenched hand, told How firm on life had been his hold, While the curled lip the upturned eye, Told ofajather's agony ! And there beside the torrent's path, ANALYTICAL READER. 'Neath, poetically, for beneath. Slumbers. How is moon-light here represented ? Woodland, land covered with woods. Cot, poetically lor cottage. Twining, uniting, twisting together. Trembler. What figure is here u.ed '! Constancy, perpetuity, unalterable continuance. Stormiest, most stormy and tempestuous, from storm. Loved one. Who is meant by this expression ? -Tie, bond of union, knot, affection. Hollow-hearted, false, deceitful, hypocritical. -Looks, seems, appears, sees, aspect, countenance. Taper, candle, lamp, feeble light. Say. To whom is this address ? Bird. Why speak to this bird 1 By the lightning. How did this assist in seeing 1 Mountain-torrent, torrent raging down the moun- tain. Wild wave, boisterous wave. Torn, pulled up, rent away. .Shrill, clear, piercing sound. .Shriek, cry of sudden danger, wail. Last agony, last struggle before death. In vain. What was in vain ? Angel form, deliverance, poetical figure. Drowned, overpowered, prevented its being heard. Glen, valley, dale. Mountain spirits, poetic personages hping no real existence. The expression is of pagan origin. Glorious. What does this denote when applied to the* sun ? Work. How is death here represented 1 Shattered cliff, broken rocks. ,Ruin, destruction, remains, fragments, destroy. Age. How made to appear ? Wintry snow. What can this mean applied to a per^- son ? Clenched, fastened, united, closed. Fragment. How did this indicate strong health ? Curled, twisted, withered. Upturned eye, a look of agony. Torrent's path. Does this personify the torrent ? 154 SEQUEL TO THE Too pure, too sacred for its wrath, Lay one, whose arms still closely pressed An infant to her frozen breast. The kiss, upon its pale cheek sealed, A mother'' s quenchless love revealed. Sire, mother, offspring all were there, Not one had 'scaped the conqueror's snare, Not one was left to weep alone ; The "dwellers of the hill" were gone ! The wild bird soaring far on high, Beheld them with averted eye, The forest prowler, as he pass'd, Looked down upon the rich repast, But dared not banquet. 'Twas a spell, Which bound them in that lonely dell, And there they slept so peacefully, That the lone pilgrim passing by, Had deemed them of a brighter sphere, Condemned awhile to linger here, Whose pure eyes sickening at the sight Of sin and sorrow's withering blight, Had sought in tears that silent glen, And slumbered ne'er to wake again. And there they found them stronger hand* Bore them to where yon cottage stands, And there one summer evening's close, They left them to their last repose. Such the brief page thy story fills, Thou lonely " cottage of the hills." E'en while I gaze, night's gloomy shade, Is gathering, as the moon-beams fade. Around thy walk they faintly play, They tremble gleam then flit away : They fade they vanish down the dell, Lone " cottage of the hills" farewell! LESSON XXXII. Anger inconsistent with a Spirit of Prayer.^ TAYLOR . Prayer is an action, and state of intercourse, and tie- sire exactly contrary to the character of anger. Prayer ANALYTICAL READER. 155 Wrath, vengeance, anger. Sacred, consecrated, inviolable. Frozen. What does the word intend ? Sealed, imprinted, enclosed, fixed. Quenchless, lasting, ever-burning. From what de- rived ? Sire, father, progenitor. .Conqueror's. Who was the conqueror 1 'Scaped. What is the use of the apostrophe here 1 Why is the word contracted 1 Dwellers of the hill. Who were these ? Averted, turned away. Why was the eye averted ? .Prowler, beast roving about for prey. Repast, refreshment, dinner. " Repast" does not make good rhyme with " passed :" why not 1 Banquet, make a feast, eat. Dared not. Why did he not dare to do it ? Spell, chain, magical influence, invisible power. Dell, valley, pit, poetical word. .Sphere, orb, world, planet. Condemned, sentenced, doomed. Blight, mildew, any thing blasting. .Withering, causing to wither, deadening. Slumbered. What is often called sleep, or slumber ? Ne'er, never, contracted in poetry. Why contracted ? Stranger hands, hands of strangers. -Bore, conveyed, carried, endured. -Close, conclusion, end. Last repose. What is this 1 Brief, short, transient. Cottage. Explain the figure here used, and tell me in what writing it is most frequent. , Gathering, collecting, thickening. Faintly, feebly, dimly, from faint. Gleam, shine for a moment. Flit, fly away. What time of the day is represented in this piece ? What is anger? Give an example. Intercourse, fellowship, communion, acquaintance. Desire, longing, earnest expectation. 150 SEQUEL TO THE is an action of likeness to the Holy Ghost, the spirit of gentleness, and dove-like simplicity. Prayer is an imi- tation of the holy Jesus, whose spirit is meek up to the greatness of the most eminent example; and a con- formity to God, whose anger is always just and marches slowly, and is without transportation, and often hinder- ed, and never hasty, and is full of mercy. ' Prayer is the peace of our spirit, the stillness of our thoughts, the seat of meditation, the rest of our cares, and the calm of our tempest. Prayer is the issue of a quiet mind, of un- troubled thoughts, it is the daughter of charity, and the sister of meekness ; and he that 'prays to God with an angry spirit, that is with a troubled and discomposed spirit, is like him, that retires into a battle to meditate, and sets up his closet in the out-quarters of an army, and chooses a frontier garrison to be wise in. Anger is a perfect alienation of the mind from prayer, and there- fore is contrary to that attention, which presents our prayer in a right time to God. For so have I seen a lark rising from his bed of grass, and soaring upwards, singing as he rises, and hopes to get to heaven and climb above the clouds ; but the poor bird was beaten back with the loud sighings of an eastern wind, and his motion made irregular and inconstant, descending more at every breath of the tempest, than it could recover by the libration and frequent weighing of his wings; till the little creature was forced to sit down and pant, and stay till the storm was over, and then it made a prospe- rous flight, and did rise and sing, as if it had learned music, and motion from an angel, as he passed sonic- times through the air in his rninisteries here below. So was the prayer of a good man, when his duty met with the infirmities of a sinful being, and anger was its in- strument, and the instrument became stronger than the prime agent and raised a tempest and overruled the man ; and then his prayer was broken, and his thoughts were troubled, and his words went up towards a cloud, and his thoughts pulled them back again, and made them without intention; and the good man sighs for his infir- mity, but must be content to lose the prayer, and he must recover it when his anger is removed, and hie spirit is becalmed, madft even like the brow of Tesu* ANALYTICAL READER. 157 Likeness, resemblance, similitude. Why is the Holy Spirit compared to a dove ? Matt. III. 16. Meek, humble, gentle, kind, not overbearing. Marches, goes forth. Whence the allusion 1 -Transportation, carrying over, sudden excitement, same as transport. Hindered, stayed by his mercy, or the repentance of men. -Spirit, soul, mind, air, not corporeal, immaterial being. Tempest, storm. Why is anger compared to a storm ? .Issue, product, effect, result. Daughter of chanty. Is this figurative or literal ? Is it not a striking image ? Why ? Out-quarters, out-posts, frontier parts. -Garrison, guard of men in a fort, fort itself. .Alienation, estrangement, hostility. -Right line, straight direction, proper manner, directly. Lark, bird which rises early in the morning, a bird which soars high. -Heaven, sky, atmosphere, blue vault ; residence of happy spirits. Clouds, klouds. Of what are clouds composed ? .Sighings, moanings, gusts. Why is a wind said to sigh? Motion, movement, impulse, soaring. Breath of the tempest, stormy wind. W r hence the im- _age ? Libration, balancing, state of being balanced. .- Weighing, examining by a balance or scales, bal- ancing. Prosperous, successful, happy, lucky, fortunate. Angel, messenger, order of spiritual beings. Ministeries, services, waiting, Heb. i. 14. rBelow, under ground, in this world, beneath. Is the preceding passage a beautiful one ? Why ? Does its beauty arise more from its aptness, than it elegant style ? Infirmities, weaknesses, sins, sufferings, guilt. Prime, principal, first, primary, chief, first rate. -Overruled, prevented, set aside, governed. Intention, aim, object, meaning, purpose. s, groans, laments, is in bitterness, grieves. 14 158 SEQUEL TO THE and smooth like the face of heaven. Then his prayer ascends to heaven upon the wings of the Holy Dove, and dwells with God, till it returns like the useful bee, loadeu with a blessing and the dew of heaven. LESSON XXXIII. On the. Waste of Life. FRANKLIN. Amergus was a gentleman of good estate ; he was bred to no business, and could not contrive how to waste his hours agreeably ; he had no relish for any of the proper works of life, nor any taste for the improve- ments of the mind ; he spent generally ten hours of the four-and-twenty in bed ; he dozed away two or three more on his couch ; and as many were dissolved in good liquor every evening, if he met with company of his own humor. Thus he made a shift to wear off ten years of his life since the paternal estate fell into his hands. One evening as he was musing alone, his thoughts happened to take a most unusual turn, for they cast a glance backward, and he began to reflect on his manner of life. He bethought himself what a number of living beings, had been sacrificed to support his carcase, and how much corn and wine had been mingled with these offerings ; and he set himself to compute what he had devoured since he came to the age of man. " About a dozen feathered creatures, small and great, have, one week with another," said he, " given up their lives to prolong mine, which, in ten years, amounts to at least six thousand. Fifty sheep have been sacrificed in a year, with half a hecatomb of black cattle, tbat I might have the choicest parts offered weekly upon my table. Thus a thousand beasts, out of the flock and the herd, have been slain in ten years' time to feed me, besides what the forest has supplied me with. Many hundred of fish- es have, in all their variety, been robbed of life for my repast, and of the smaller fry some thousands. A meas- ure of corn would hardly suffice me flour enough for a month's provision, and this arises to above six score bushels ; and many hogsheads of wine and other liqu- ANALYTICAL READER. 159 Lose the prayer, lose the influence of the prayer. Becalmed, stilled, made easy. Brow, brou, forehead. Smooth, tranquil, unruffled, gentle. Holy Dove. What is the reference ? Why called dove? Bee. What are the characteristics of a bee ? -Dew of heaven, moisture from the air, blessings from God. Amergus, latin term signifying spendthrift. -Estate, property, family, connections. Bred to, instructed in, taught, educated, trained to. Proper, appropriate, suitable, what ought to be per- formed. -Taste, inclination, disposition, sense ot tasting, fac- ulty, relish. Improvements, acquisitions, acquirements. .-Liquor, any thing liquid, strong drink, distilled liquor. -Humor, yu'mur, moisture, temper of mind, whim, merriment. Made a shift, found means, made out. Wear off, lose, waste away, a colloquial expression. Paternal, father's, inherited from his father. Glance backward. What is this state of mind called ? Sacrificed, slain, offered up in sacrifice. Carcase, body, life ; the word is wanting in dignity. Set himself, began, undertook, went about. Compute, calculate, reckon, add up. Devoured, eaten, voraciously swallowed. Feathered, winged, furnished with feathers. -Creatures, kre'tshtire, animal, any thing created, liv- ing being. Hecatomb, hek'a toom, offering of a hundred cattle. Choicest, selectest, most precious. Thousand, ^ou'zand. What are the evils of luxury, bodily and mental ? Forest, wood. What food does the forest furnish ? Repast, refreshment, sustentation, luxurious enter- tainment. -Fr^, young fishes, spawn of fishes, multitude, com- pany. "Score, account, reckoning, notch, twenty. 160 SEQUEL TO THE ors have passed through this body of mine this wretch- ed strainer of meat and drink ! And what have I done all this time for God and man 7 What a vast profusion of good things upon a useless life and worthless liver ! There is not the meanest creature among all which I have devoured, but hath answered the end of its crea- tion better than I. It was made to support human na- ture, and it has done so. Every crab and oysler I have eaten, and every grain of corn I have devoured, hath fill- ed up its place in the rank of beings with more propri- ety and honor than I have done. Oh, shameful waste of life and time!" In short, he carried on his moral reflections with so just and severe a force of reason, as constrained him to change his whole course of life ; to break off his follies at once, and apply himself to gain some useful knowl- edge, when he was more than thirty years of age. He lived many following years with the character of a wor- thy man and an excellent Christian ; he died with a peaceful conscience, and the tears of his country were dropped upon his tomb. The world, that knew the whole series of his life, were amazed at the mighty change. They beheld him as a wonder of reformation, while he himself confessed and adored the Divine power and mercy which had trans- formed him from a brute to a man. But this was a sin- gle instance, and we may almost venture to write mira- cle upon it. Are there not numbers, in this degenerate age, whose lives thus run to utter waste, without the least tendency to usefulness ? LESSON XXXIV. The Moon and Stars : A Fable. MONTGOMERY. On the fourth day of creation, when the sun, after a glorious, but solitary course, went down in the evening, and darkness began to gather over the face of the unin- habited globe already arrayed in the exuberance of veg- etation, and prepared by the diversity of land and water for the abode of uncreated animals and man, a star ANALYTICAL READER. 161 .Hogsheads, measures of liquids containing 60 gal- lons. Strainer, an instrument of filtration. Profusion, abundance, prodigality, lavishness. -Liver, one who lives, one of the entrails. Meanest, most diminutive, cheapest. Devoured, swallowed, consumed, eaten. find, design, purpose, extremity of any material ex- tent. Crab and oyster. In what waters are they caught 1 Rank, gradation, scale, assign a station. .Propriety, proper conduct, what is exactly fit. Shameful waste, because the waste brought shame on Arnergus. Moral, serious, pious, religious. Constrained, forced, compelled. -Apply, betake, petition, make application. .Knowledge, from know. .Follies, eccentricities, waywardness. Excellent, from excel, eminent, .Conscience, faculty by which we judge of our own actions. Country. To what is his country likened ? Series, course, proportionate numbers* Amazed, perplexed, confused, filled with wonder. Reformation, act of being made better, conversion. .Confessed, acknowledged, owned. Transformed, changed, converted ; from form. .Miracle, mer'a-kl, something above human power. .Degenerated, grown worse, deteriorated, worse than the former. Tendency, direction towards any object ; from tend. What is a fable ? What is an allegory ? See App. In how many days was the world created ? How many years since the creation of the world ? What was created on the fourth day of creation? Gen. i. Uninhabited. What is the derivation of this word ? -Globe, round body, world, artificial ball represent- ing the world. .Exuberance, fertility, abundance, luxuriant vegetation. Diversity, variety, interchanges. 14* 162 SEQUEL TO THE a single star and beautiful, stept forth in the firmament. Trembling with wonder and delight in new found exis- tence, she looked abroad, and beheld nothing in heav- en nor on. earth resembling herself. Rut she was not long alone ; now one, then another, then a third, and a fourth resplendent companion had joined her, till light after light stealing through the gloom, in the lapse of an hour, the whole for the first time, theu 7 ANALYTICAL READER. 173 Myriads, unnumbered multitudes, countless num- bers. Milky way, galaxy, belt of thickly set stars, which goes round the sky. Remnants, remainders, what are left. Brethren, brera' ren, those who have a common par- ent. All-conquering, all-subduing, overcoming every thing. Resplendence, effulgence. Puzzled, perplexed, confounded, embarrassed* What was the moon puzzled about T What did her vanity suggest to her T Consequently, therefore, of course. Nightly, nocturnal. From what derived? Expansion, enlargement, amplification. Circumference, circuit, measurement round a body. Convexity, arch, expanse, from convex. Bowers, bou'urs, arbors made of branches, cool re- treats in gardens. Eden. What know you of it 1 Gen. ii. Illusion, deception, show, counterfeit appearance. -Film, thin skin, pellicle, mist, darkness. -Crept, went on all-fours, advanced slowly, stole. Athwart, across, from side to side. Eclipsed, covered, concealed, obscured. Visage, countenance, look, face, disk. Tablet, small level surface, table, surface on which to paint. .Humiliation. What was the cause of her humiliation ? An eclipse is caused by the intervention of another body. Marvelling, wondering, looking with surprise. Befal, happen to, betide, meet. Travelled, walked, journied. Haunted, troubled, closely followed. With what idea was the moon haunted ? Xustre, splendor, effulgence, brightness. Boisterous, stormy, tempestuous. -Foam, to be in violent commotion, froth, fume. Sympathy, commiseration, an influence from. 15* 174 SEQUEL TO THE affected by sympathy with the moon ; and what . never happened before, an universal tempest mingled earth and heaven in rain, and lightning, and darkness. She plunged among the the thickest of the thunder clouds, and in the confusion that hid her disgrace, her exulting rivals were all likewise put out of countenance. On the next evening, and every evening aftewards, the moon came forth later, and dimmer, while on each oc- casion, more and more of the minor stars, which had formerly vanished from her eye, reappeared to witness her fading honors, and disfigured form. Prosperity had made her vain ; adversity brought her to her mind again, and humility soon compensated the loss of glaring dis- tinction with softer charms, that won the regard which haughtiness had repelled ; for when she had worn off her uncouth gibbous aspect, and through the last quar- ter her profile waned into a hollow shell, she appeared more graceful than ever in the eyes of all heaven. When she was originally seen among them, the stai> contemned her ; afterwards, as she grew in beauty, they envied, feared, hated, and finally fled from her. As she relapsed into insignificance, they first rejoiced in her decay, then endured her superiority because it could not last long ; but when they marked how she wasted away every time they met, compassion succeeded, ant! on the three last nights, (like a human fair one in the last stage of decline, growing lovelier and dearer to- her friends till her close,) she disarmed hostility, con- ciliated kindness, and secured affection ; she was admir- ed, beloved, and unenvied by all. At length there came a night when there was no moon. There was silence in heaven all that night. In serene meditation on the changes of a month, the stars pursued their journey from sunset to day-break. The comet had likewise departed into unknown regions. His fading lustre had been attributed at first to the bolder radiance of the moon in her meridian, but during her wane, while inferior luminaries were brightning around her. he was growing fainter and smaller every evening, and now he was no more. Of the rest, planets and stars,all were unimpaired in their light, and the former only slightly varied in their positions. The whole multitude, ANALYTICAL READER. I? Tides rise twice in 24 hours by attraction from the moan. App. Universal, wide, general, including every part. Mingled earth and heaven, made a violent commo- tion. Thunder clouds, clouds charged with electric matter. Exulting, boasting, rejoicing, triumphing. Put out of countenance, hid from view. -Disfigured, tarnished, mangled, deformed, defaced. What had made the moon vain 1 What is the effect of prosperity upon men 1 What do you understand by vanity 1 What was the effect of adversity upon the moon ? Brought her to her mind, brought her to view herself as she ought. Compensated, kom-pen'sa-ted, made up, satisfied. Uncouth, un-koG^V, deformed, inelegant. Gibbous, gib'bus, protuberant, convex, crook-backed. Profile, pro-feel 7 , side face, half face. Originally, primarily, at first, formerly. Contemned, despised, disregarded. How did the stars look upon the moon in her ful- ness 1 How when she began to wane 1 Why did they endure her superiority 1 What feelings did they next have towards her ? Do not these changes take place in regard to men ? What beautiful comparison is here introduced ? Conciliated, gained over, secured affection. What took place in heaven, when there was no moon 1 Serene, calm, tranquil, sedate. -Changes, revolutions, alters. What were some of the changes I Journey, path, travelling, road. Attributed, ascribed, laid, assigned. Bolder, clearer, more conspicuous. -Meridian, zenith, summit, imaginary lines passing over the heavens from North to South. Wane, decrease, while in the last quarter. Brightening. Give the primitive and other deriva- tions. Luminaries, lights, heavenly bodies. Positions, places, stations, courses. If 6 SEQUEL TO THE wiser by experience, and better for their knowledge, were humble, contented and grateful, each for his lot, whether splendid or obscure. Next evening, to the joy and astonishment of all, the moon with a new crescent was discried in the west ; and instantly from every quarter of the pole, she was congratulated on her happy resurrection. Just as she went down, while her bow was yet recumbent on the dark purple horizon, it is said, that an angel appeared, standing between her horns. Turning his head, his eye glanced rapidly over the universe. the sun sunk far be- hind him, the moon under his feet, the earth spread in prospect before him, and the firmament all glittering with constellations above. He paused a moment, and then, in that tongue wherein at the accomplishment of creation " the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted for joy," he thus brake forth.; " Great and marvellous are thy works, Lord God Al- mighty 1 In wisdom hast thou made them all ; Who would not fear thee, O, Lord, and glorify thy name, for thou only art holy ?" He ceased, and from that hour there 1ms been harmony in heaven. LESSON XXXVII. Pain : an Allegory. CH. SPECTATOR. Pain is the handmaid of Mortality. She throws open the door, and man enters the theatre of life. There she forsakes him not, but amid the changes of his eventful drama, is often around his path, or within his bosom, his strongest lessons are impressed by her agency, and she sometimes forces him as a prisoner to the " hope which is an anchor to the soul." There he bows meek- ly to her rough discipline, for he sees the " Captain of his salvation made perfect through sufferings." When he prepares to quit this brief existence, she attends him. Hers is the shudder, the convulsion the cold dew start- ing in drops from the temples the groan with which he resigns this earthly being. Even when the silver card of nature "is loosed" and the gojden bowl brok- ANALYTICAL READER. 177 How did the multitude of heavenly bodies grow wi- ser ? -Lot, piece of ground, fortune, destiny, assigned place. Descried, perceived, spied, noticed. Congratulated, welcomed, hailed, received with grat - illations. -Pole, end of the earth's axis, piece of timber, whole sky. Resurrection, resuscitation, rising from the dead. Recumbent, in a reclining posture. Angel, messenger, herald, heavenly messenger. Glanced rapidly over, took a rapid survey. Spell horizon, firmament, tongue. Give a description of what the angel saw. Paused, stood still, remained stationary. Glittering. Give the derivation of this word. Accomplishment, finishing, completion, elegance, o-r- nament. Sons of God, angels, or stars. See Job xxxviii. 7. Marvellous, wonderful. See Rev. xv. 3. O Lord, how manifold are thy works, &c. Ps. civ. 24. Repeat the whole passage ; also Rev. xv. 3. What are the distinguishing excellencies of this com- position 1 What instruction have you derived from it? Handmaid, attendant, waiter, assistant. -Theatre, place for scenic exhibition, scene?, stage. -Changes, events, fortunes, vicissitudes, moves, re- moves. Drama, poem fitted for recital and action, comedy or tragedy. Impressed, weighed down, inculcated, taught. Agency, instrumentality, work, power, influence. -Hope, expect with pleasure, pleasant anticipation. -Anchor, heavy iron to hold a ship, firm support. He- brews VI: 19. Why is Christ termed the Captain of salvation ? -Shudder, quake, painful feeling. Dew, moisture, sweat on the brow of the dying. -Temples, houses for religious worship, sides of the head. 178 SEQUEL TO THE en, she is reluctant that their fellowship should be dis- solved. She fixes her glance on the flight of the de- parting spirit. If it ascends toward " a temple not made with hands," she takes an eternal farewell : if it descends " to the blackness of darkness," she adheres as its com- panion forever. LESSON XXXVIII. A Thought on Death. MRS. BARBAULD. When life as opening buds is sweet, And golden hopes the fancy greet, And Youth prepares his jo/s to meet, Alas ! how hard it is to die ! When just is seized some valued prize And duties press, and tender ties Forbid the soul from earth to rise, How awful then it is to die ! When one by one these ties are torn, And friend from friend is snatched forlorn, And man is left alone to mourn, Ah then, how easy 7 tis to die ! When faith is firm, and conscience clear, And words of peace the spirit cheer, And visioned glories half appear, 'Tis joy, 'tis triumph then to die. LESSON XXXIX. Comparative Insignificance of the Earth. CHALMERS. The univere at large would suffer as little, in its splen- dor and variety, by the destruction of our planet, as the verdure and sublime magnificence of a forest would suf- fer by the fall of a single leaf. The leaf quivers on the branch which supports it. It is at the mercy of of the slightest accident. A breath of wind tears it from its ANALYTICAL READER. 179 Cord, string, by which lamps were anciently sus- pended. Ecc. 12: 6. Bowl, vessel, in which the oil was contained used here figuratively. Reluctant, unwilling, not disposed, disinclined. Fellowship, familiar intercourse, union, partnership. Departing, leaving, disembodied. What place is referred to ? why called a temple ? Farewell, adieu, parting ; from fare and well. -Adheres, continues, remains, is closely joined. .Opening, o'-pn-ing. Golden, bright. Why are hopes called golden ? -Meet, proper, becoming, find, enjoy. Die, expire. What is death the termination of ? -Just, upright, regular, nearly. -Duties, customs, obligations, things which we are bound to perform. .Earth, er ANALYTICAL READER. 209 Smoking ruins. What does this denote ? -Despair, hopelessness, despondency, resign all hope. Exhausted, wearied, drawn dry, all mentioned. Inflicts, produces, occasions, causes, makes. -Enduring, suffering, bearing, lasting. Unprotected, helpless, abandoned; from protect. Orphan. What children are called orphans ? Administer, carry aid. officiate, do the duty of an at- tendant. Last pangs. When were these pangs felt ? Appeal, carry interest, refer to another, application for justice. Senses, feelings. How many senses are there ? Engaged. What persons usually engage in war 1 Limited, confined, bounded, unextended. Conflict, battle, fight, engagement. Death. Is death personified here 1 Then the sword. What other instruments can be used ? Computed, calculated, reckoned, ascertained. -Ordinary, common, unbecoming, homely, usual. Burning sky. In what part of the world is this known ? Atmosphere, air, breath which we inhale. Thousands. Is this intended for an exact number ? Anticipated, expected, indulged the hope. Field of honor. Js this a worthy motive for fighting? Inglorious, shameful, dishonorable, without glory. Hospital, place for sick soldiers. -Offices, acts of kindness, honors, duties. Expiring nature, last struggles of life, persons dying. Influence, persuade, form, direct, direction, power exerted. Character. What is their character generally 1 -Trade, merchandize, business, traffic, employment. Hire, engage, let themselves for a stipulated sum.. Servile, slavish, base, mean, unmanly. Mandates, decrees, orders, purposes, schemes. Ferocity, cruelty, fierceness, inhumanity. Carnage, slaughter, bloodshed, devastation. Perpetration, commission, execration, doing. -Take, receive, possess, destroy, put an end to. Habituated, accustomed, having learnt by practice. 18* SEQUEL TO THE unthinking courage a substitute for every virtue, encour- aged by plunder to prodigality, taught improvidence by perpetual hazard and exposure, restrained only by an iron discipline which is withdrawn in peace, and unfit- ted by the restless and irregular cares of war for the calm and uniform pursuits of ordinary life ; from such men, what can be expected but hardness of heart, prof- ligacy of life, contempt of the restraints of society, and of the authority of God ? From the nature of his calling, the soldier is almost driven to sport with the thought of death, to defy and deride it, and of course, to banish the thought of that judgment to which it leads ; and of all men the most ex- posed to sudden death, he is too often of all men the most unprepared to appear before the bar of God. The influence of war on the community at large, on its prosperity, its morals, and its political institutions, though less striking than on the soldiery, is yet most baleful. How often is a community impoverished to sus- tain a war in which it has no interest ! Public burdens are aggravated, whilst the means of sustaining them are reduced. Internal improvements are neglected. The revenue of the state is exhausted in military establishments, or flow r s through secret channels into the coffers of corrupt men, whom war exalts to power and office. The regu- lar employments of peace are disturbed. Industry in many of its branches is suspended. The laborer, ground with want, and driven to despair by the clamor of his suffering family, becomes a soldier in the cause he condemns, and thus the country is drained of its most effective population. The people are stripped and reduced, whilst the authors of war retrench not a comfort, and often fatten on the spoils and woes of their country. But the influence of war on the morals of society is still more fatal. The suspension of industry and the pressure of want multiply vice. Criminal modes of sub- sistence are the resource of the suffering. Public and private credit are shaken. Distrust and fear take place of mutual confidence. Commerce becomes a system of stratagem and collusion ; and the principles of justice ANALYTICAL READER. 21 1 Prodigality, wastefulness, squandering ; from prodi- gal. Improvidence, want of foresight, carelessness, neg- lect of providing. Hazards, perils, adventures,, perilous acts. Iron discipline, severe chastisement, unfeeling punish- ment. Career, hurried course, rapid going, way. Profligacy, abandoned behavior, wicked conduct. Restraints of society. What are these restraints? Authority of God. Where is this made known ? Calling, avocation, pursuit, employment, speaking loudly. Deride, make a mock of, trifle with, contemn. Judgment. Are not thoughts of this most important ? Unprepared. Who are prepared ? Bar of God. Who does the Bible say will appear there ? The community, society in general, the country. Morals. Are not good morals necessary to prosper- ity ? Political institutions, systems of government, branch- es of legislation. Baleful, deleterious, poisonous, destructive. Impoverished, made poor, reduced to poverty. Aggravated, made heavy, increased, enhanced. Means. What are these means ? Internal, domestic, relating to one's own country. .Revenue, income, annual profits to the state, Military, warlike, belonging to soldier?. Corrupt. Why are corrupt men exalted in war? Employments of peace. What are these ? -Suspended, hung up, interrupted, caused to stop. -Ground, earth, soil, harassed, oppressed. Clamor, outcry, noise, vociferation. Drained. Explain the figure here used. Effective, powerful, influential ; from what derived / Population, inhabitants, people. Retrench, cut off, reduce, confine. .Spoils, booty, prey, what. is plundered. Morals. Are not virtuous habits most important to society ? SEQUEL TO THE receive a shock which many years of peace are not able to repair. LESSON XLVIII. Charity : A Paraphrase. PRIOR. Did sweeter sounds adorn my flowing tongue, Than ever man pronounc'd, or angel sung : Had I all knowledge, human and divine, That thought can reach, or science can define, And had I power to give that knowledge birth, In all the speeches of the babbling earth : Did Shadrach's zeal my glowing breast inspire, To weary tortures, and rejoice in fire : Or had I faith like that which Israel saw, When Moses gave them miracles, and law : Yet, gracious charity, indulgent guest, Were not thy pow'r exerted in my breast : Those speeches would send up unheeded pray'r : That scorn of life would be but wild despair : A tymbal's sound were better than my voice : My faith were form : my eloquence were noise. Charity, decent, modest, easy, kind, Softens the high, and rears the abject mind : Knows with just reins, and gentle hand to guide, Betwixt vile shame, and arbitrary pride. Not soon provok'd, she easily forgives : And much she suffers, as she much believes. Soft peace she brings wherc-ever she arrives : She builds our quiet, as she forms our lives : Lays the rough paths of peevish nature ev'n ; And opens in each heart a little Heav'n. Each other gift, which God on man bestows* Its proper bounds, and due restriction knows ; To one fix't purpose dedicates its pow'r ; And finishing its act, exists no more. Thus, in obedience to what Heav'n decrees, Knowledge shall fail, and prophecy shall cease : But lasting Charity's more ample sway, Nor bound by time, nor subject to decay, ANALYTICAL READER. 213 Suspension, interruption, cessasion, hanging up. Resource, resort, expedient, subterfuge. -Credit, belief, trust, confidence reposed, believe. .Stratagem, artifice in war, trick, wicked device. .Collusion, deceitful agreement, false bargaining. Principles of justice. Can you tell what these are ? Paraphrase, a free interpretation, an explanation in many words. Of what is this piece a paraphrase 1 See 1 Cor. XIII. Flowing, voluble, eloquent, copious, fluent. Angel, ane' jel, a celestial spirit employed by God in human affairs. Change human and divine, into nouns ending in ty. Change define into a noun ending in tion. What letter is changed ? Change give into a noun. Which is the primitive 1 Babbling, prattling like children, talking much, talk- ing idly. Shadrach Who was he ? and what was done to \\irn 1 See Dan. 3d Chap. Weary tortures, to endure them till they who inflict them are weary. Faith like that which Israel saw, the effects of which they saw. Guest, one entertained by another. Change power into an adjective. Scorn of life, contempt of life. Tymbal, tim' bal, a kind of kettle drum. Change charity into an adjective ending in ble. What letter is changed ? Rears, elevates, exalts, trains up. Spell reins, he holds the reins ; reigns, the king reigns in righteousness ; rains, the clouds thicken and it rains fast. Rough, ruf, change it into a noun. Peevish, hard to please, fretful, petulant, waspish. Change dedicates into an adjective ending in ry. Change exists into a noun. What is its termination 1 Change obedience into an adjective, into a verb. Add ure to fail ; what part of speech is it ? Clmnge ample into nouns having the termination?, ness, tion, er, tude ; into verbs ending with ate, cate, fy- 214 SEQUEL TO THE In happy triumph shall forever live, And endless good diffuse, and endless praise receive. As thro' the artist's intervening glass, Our eye observes the distant planets pass ; A little we discover ; but allow, That more remains unseen, than art can show : So whilst our mind its knowledge would improve ; (Its feeble eye intent on things above) High as we may, we lift our reason up, By Faith directed, and confirm'd by Hope ; Yet are we able only to survey Dawnings of beams, and promises of day. Heav'n's fuller effluence mocks our dazzl'd sight ; Too great its swiftness, and too strong its light. But soon the mediate clouds shall be dispell'd : The sun shall soon be face to face beheld, In all his robes, with all his glory on, Seated sublime on his meridian throne. Then constant Faith, and holy Hope shall die* One lost in certainty, and one in joy : Whilst thou, more happy pow'r, fair Charity, Triumphant sister greatest of the three, Thy office, and thy nature still the same, Lasting thy lamp, and unconsum'd thy flame, Shalt still survive Shalt stand before the host of Heav'n confest, For ever blessing, and for ever blest. LESSON XLIX. The Slave Trade. WORCESTER. The African slave trade was commenced by the Por- tuguese in the latter part of the 15th century ; the Span- ish, English, French, and other maritime powers of Europe, soon followed the example, and established fac- tories on various parts of the African coast, for the pur- pose of collecting slaves. The number of these unhappy beings, annually forced away, from their native shore, has in some years, exceeded 100,000. The slaves are divided by Mr. Clarkson into seven ANALYTICAL READER. 215 To triumph add ant, and, to this ly ; what part of speech is each ? Intervening, coming between, intermediate. Observes. What nouns can you form from this verb ? Change knowledge into a verb ; improve into a noun ; Change feeble into a noun ; into an adverb. Do the same with intent. What added to high will make it a noun 1 What an adverb 1 What noun ending with ty may be formed from able 1 .Effluence, that which issues, or flows out. Change swiftness into an adjective. Strong into a noun. Mediate, interposing. W T hat adjective can you form from glory 1 what ad- verb from this adjective ? What adverb from sub- lime 1 What noun ? Spell throne, seated on his throne ; thrown, on leav- ing the door he was thrown prostrate. Change constant into a noun, holy into a noun. What is added 1 What letter is changed 1 From what adjective is certainty derived ? In forming a noun from happy, what letter would you change 1 What letters removed from triumphant will make it a noun ? By what change and addition may office be rendered an adjective 7 another adjective ? a noun ? Change lasting into a verb ; survive into a noun ; confessed into a noun ; blessing into a verb. .Portuguese. In what part of Europe is Portugal ? 15th Century, of what? What is the current cen- tury 7 English, ing'gllsh, people of England. Maritime, sea-faring, naval, relating to tlie sea. Factories, houses of traders in a foreign land. Mr. Glarkson. Give some account of him. App, 216 SEQUEL TO THE classes. The most considerable, and th at which con- tained half of the whole number transported, consists of kidnapped people. This mode of procuring them, in- cludes every species of injustice, treachery, and cruelty. The second class consists of those whose villages are set on fire, arid depopulated, for the purpose of obtaining them. The third class comprises those who have been convicted of crimes ; the fourth, consists of prisoners of war ; being either such as have been the produce of wars that originate from common causes, or from wars made solely for the purpose of obtaining them ; the fifth, such as are slaves by birth; the sixth and seventh, such as have sacrificed their liberty by gaming or by debt ; these last, however, are very few in number. Having lost their liberty in one or other of these ways, they are conveyed to the banks of the rivers or to the sea coast ; some from places near, others from afar, sometimes even from the distance of 1000 miles. Those that come from a distance, over land, march in droves, or caufles, as they are called. They are secured from running away by pieces of wood, which attach the necks of two and two together ; or by other pieces, which are fastened by staples to their arms. When the slaves are conveyed to the shore and sold, they are carried in boats to the different ships, whose captains have purchased them. The men are immedi- ately confined, two and two together, either by the neck, leg or arm, with fetters of solid iron. They are then put into their apartments ; the men occupying the fore part, the women the after part, and the boys the middle. The tops of these apartments are grated for the admis- sion of light and air, and they are stowed like lumber. Many of them, whilst the ships are waiting for a full lading, and whilst they near their native shore, from which they are separated forever, have manifested an appearance of extreme depression and distress, insomuch that some have been induced to commit suicide, and others have been affected with delirium and madness. In the day time, if the weather is good, they are brought upon deck for air. They are placed in a long row of two and two together, on each side of the ship : a long chain is then made to pass through the shackles of each ANALYTICAL READER. Seven classes. What aro they ? and what is tVie num- ber of the first class 1 .Kidnapped, stolen treacherously. Spell species, treachery, villages, people. Depopulated, deprived of their inhabitants, laid waste. Prisoners of war. How were they anciently treated 1 App. Originate, take their rise; derived from origin. Slaves by birth. Are any men really born slaves ? -Sacrificed, offered as a victim in religious worship, lost. Gaming. What is meant by gaming ? However, nevertheless. -Ways, paths, methods. Rivers. How are rivers marked on a map ? Miles. How many rods in a mile ? .Caufles. Find the definition from its use in the les- son. Secured, prevented. Running away. Why do they wish to rim away ? -Pieces, patches, fragments, coins, guns. Spell comprises, prisoners, purpose, debt. -Staples, loops of iron, principal articles of trade. With whom, does the Bible, class men-stealers ? Spell appearance, immediately, conveyed. ,Iron, i'urn, a metal hard, ductile and malleable. Apartments. In what order are they stowed in them 1 -Grated, windows crossed with strong bars, rubbed harshly. Admission, passage, introduction, entrance. Lumber, useless furniture, heavy goods. .Insomuch. Of what words is this compounded / -Lading, cargo, putting the cargo on board, -Near, draw near, close to, hard by. .Separated. Is the word simple or compound ? -Depression, sadness, lowering down, lessening in value. .Suicide, self-murder, killing one's self, one who kills himself. .Delirium, insanity, deprivation of reason. Spell weather, chiefly, brought, beating. .Shackles, iron fetters, bonds of iron. 19 218 SEQUEL TO THE pair, by which each row is at once secured to the deck. In this state they take their food, which consists chiefly of horse beans, rice, and yams, with a little palm oil and pepper. After their meals, they are made to jump for exercise, as high as their fetters will let them, on beat- ing a drum ; and if they refuse, they are whipped till they comply. This, the slave merchants call dancing! When the number of slaves is completed, the vessels weigh anchor, and begin what is termed the middle pas- sage, to carry them to the respective colonies. These vessels in which they are transported, are of different dimensions, from 11 to 800 tons, and they carry from 30 to 1500 slaves at a time. When the vessel is full, their situation is truly pitiable. A grown up person, is allowed, in the best regulated ships, but 16 inches in width, two feet eight inches in height, and five feet eight inches in length ; not so much room, as Faulconbridge expresses himself, as a man has in his coffin. Whether well or ill, they lie on bare planks, and the motion of the ship often rubs off the prominent parts of their body, leaving the bones almost bare. So wretched is their condition from the heat, the pestilential breath, and the corrupted air, that some- times when they go down at night apparently in health, they are brought up dead in the morning. Nearly one fourth of them die, from the time of being put on board to the time of their sale in the colonies ; and almost as many more lose their lives during the first two years of servitude, which is called the seasoning; the time re- quisite to inure them to their new situation. The ship* having completed their middle passage, anchor in their destined ports ; and the unhappy Africans are prepared for sale. In disposing of them, the nearest relations, as husbands and wives, parents and children, brothers and sisters, are separated without any consideration, and if they part with mutual embraces, they are severed by the lash ! Some are consigned to brokers for sale ; others are sold by auction ; and a third mode of selling them is by the " scramble." In this case, the main and quar^ ter decks of the ship are darkened by sails, which are hung over them at a convenient height. The slaves are then brought out of the hold, and are made to stand in ANALYTICAL READER. Yams, eatable roots, roots good for food. What do the slave merchants call dancing ? Dancing, dan'sing, moving in measure. Comply, submit, obey, yield, consent. Immediately, directly, without delay. Completed, made up, perfected, done. -Weigh anchor, raise the anchor, ascertain the weight of. fjpell weigh) wa, they weigh anchor ; way, he held on his way. Middle passage, voyage from Africa over. -Colonies, places inhabited by people from the mother country. .Dimensions, size, bigness, measurement. -Pitiable, deserving of pity, wretched, worthy of com- miseration. Height, hite, degree of altitude. Faulconbridge. Who was he ? See App. Spell expresses, regulated, whether. -.Prominent, most exposed, distinguished, jutting over. -Pestilential, poisonous, sickly, infectious. Corrupted^ vitiated, become putrid. Sometimes, once in a while. From what derived ? Dead in the morning. Was murder committed here ? What proportion lose their lives on the voyage ? -.Board, deck of a ship, to enter a ship by force, a ta- ble, thin piece of wood, -Servitude, subjection to their master, slavery. -.Seasoning, preparing, salting. What is the season- ing of slaves 1 Inure, accustom, harden. -Requisite, necessary, required by the nature of things. -Disposing, settling, arranging. -Consideration, compunction ; from consider. Mutual, reciprocal, on both sides, each acting in re- turn. -Consigned, delivered, entrusted. Brokers, sales-men, venders. Auction, vendue, sale by auction. -Quarter, one fourth part, one of the decks. .Convenient, proper, agreeable, suitable. Area, a're-a, surface contained between lines. 220 SEQUEL TO THE the darkened area. The purchasers, who are furnished with long ropes, rush, as soon as the signal is given with- in the awning, and endeavor to encircle as many of them as they can. These " scrambles" are not howev- er confined to the ships, but are frequently made on shore. Nothing can exceed the terror which the wretch- ed Africans exhibit on these occasions. An universal shriek is immediately heard* All is consternation and dismay. The men tremble. The women cling togeth- er in each others* arms. Some of them faint away ; and others have been known to expire. If any thing can ex- ceed the horror of such a scene, it must be the iniquity of valuing a part of the rational creation in so debased a light, and of " scrambling" for human flesh and blood. The poor negroes are then subjected to a state of ser- vitude the most merciless and hopeless. They are doomed to labor under the lash to work hard and fare hard, with no hope of reward, and for no other object than to enable their inhuman oppressors to live in idle- ness, and riot in luxury* Such are some of the many horrors of the slave trade ; a trade long sanctioned by the most civilized and en- lightened nations of Europe nations professing the Christian religion one of whose leading principles en- joins us to " love our neighbor as ourselves," and ta " do unto all men, as we would that they should do un- to us." The persevering and godlike benevolence of Clark* son, Wilberforce, and others, these men whose names will be cherished with affection as long as any generous feeling exists in the world, after a twenty years* hard struggle, at last effected the abolition of the slave trade in Great Britain. An act of parliament for abolishing it was passed in 1806, which went into complete opera- tion in 1808. In the same year it was abolished by an act of Congress in the United States ; and it had long before been prohibited by many of the individual State*, ANALYTICAL READER. 221 , Purchasers, buyers ; derived from purchase. .Awning, covering of canvass or sails. Encircle, surround, encompass ; derived from circle. -Confined. What is meant by scramble ? Exceed, go beyond, surpass. Consternation, suspense, wonder, amazement. Dismay, loss of courage, desertion of mind, conster- nation. Expire, breathe out life, die, decease. Spell scene, iniquity. Rational, rash'un-al, reasonable, peculiar to man- kind. Debased, degraded, cheapened, lessened in value. What religion do the slave merchants profess 1 Inhuman. Trace the origin of this word. How many slaves are there in the United States ? See App. Is there any guilt connected with holding slaves ? See App. Horrors, miseries, wretchedness. Sanctioned, upheld by law, approved of. Christian, derived from Christ, the author of the re- ligion. Love our neighbor. Where is this found? Luke vi. 31. Why is it called the golden rule ? Persevering, constant, unwavering. .Benevolence, good-will, kindness, charity in disposi- tion and act. - Wilberforce. State some facts with respect to hina. See App. -Cherished, warmed, fostered, remembered. -Affection, love, fondness, state of being affected by any cause. Hard, laborious, firm, difficult. .Parliament, par'le-ment, legislature of Great Bri- tain. Congress, legislature of the United States ? Prohibited, forbidden, interdicted. What countries now carry on the slave trade ? See App. SEQUEL TO THE LESSON L. Influence of Slavery. JEFFERSON. There must doubtless be an unhappy influence on the manners of our people produced by the existence of sla- very among us. The whole commerce between mas- ter and slave, is a perpetual exercise of the most bois- terous passions the most unremitting despotism on the one part, and degrading submissions on the other. Our children see this, and learn to imitate it ; for man is an imitative animal. This quality is the germ of all edu- cation in him. From his cradle to his grave, he is learn- ing to do what he sees others do. If a parent could find no motive, either in his philanthropy or self-love, for re- straining the intemperance of passion towards his slave, it should always be a sufficient one, that his child is present. But generally it is not sufficient. The parent storms, the child looks on, catches the lineaments of wrath, puts on the same airs in the circle of small- er slaves, gives a loose to his worst of passions, and thus nursed, educated, and daily exercised in tyranny, can- not but be stamped by it with odious peculiarities. The man must be a prodigy, who can retain his manners and morals undepraved by such circumstances. And with what execration should the statesman be loaded, who permitting one half the citizens thus to trample on the rights of the other, transforms those into despots, and these into enemies, destroys the morals of the one part, and the amor patriae of the other. For if a slave can have a country in this world, it must be any other in preference to that in which he is born to live and labor for another ; in which he must lock up the faculties of his nature, contribute as far as depends on his individ- ual endeavors to the evanishment of the human race, or entail his own miserable condition on the endless gene- rations proceeding from him. With the morals of the people, their industry is also destroyed. For in a warm limate, no man will labor for himself, who can make another labor for him. This is so true, that of the pro- prietors of slaves, a very small proportion indeed are ver seen to labor. And cau the liberties of a nation be ANALYTICAL READER. 223 Doubtless, doubles, undoubtedly. Slavery, involuntary servitude. -Commerce, intercourse, connection, mutual trade. .Perpetual, continued, iminterrnitted, constant. .Despotism, tyrannical government, tyranny. Imitative animal, creature who learns by example. -Germ, beginning, sprout, shoot, origin. Cradle to his grave, infancy to his burial. .Philanthropy, f il-an'fAro-pe, kindness, love, benevo- lence. Restraining, curbing, keeping under. .Intemperance. What is the primitive ? What are other derivatives ? What should be a sufficient reason for restraining passion ? Is it generally sufficient 1 Lineaments, lin'ne-a-ments, features, lines. -Airs, light songs, looks, appearances, mein, manner. .Tyranny, tir'ran-ne, absolute monarchy, despotism. -Stamped, pounded, coined, impressed, crushed. Odious, 6'de-us, or, 6'je-us, hateful, unpleasant, dis- gusting, -Prodigy ,~ prod' de-je, omen, portent, monster, uncom- mon person. Manners, habits, traits of social character. Morals, regard to morality, virtue. .Execration, detestation, scorn, curse, abhorrence. Statesman, politician, one engaged in affairs of state. Despots, tyrants, oppressive despotic rulers. Enemies. Whom does he mean by enemies ? Amor patrise, Latin words signifying love of country, patriotism. Country, nation, beloved land, native soil. Can the slave love the country in which he is a slave ? Lock up, shut up, keep from view, confine. Faculties of his nature, powers of his mind, genius. Evanishment, annihilation, destruction, escaping from notice. Entail, give in inheritance, bequeath. Must not this be complete wretchedness ? What is destroyed besides the morals of the people ? What are the effects of a warm climate on industry ? Is it just to make you labor for another without pay 1 224 SEQUEL TO THE thought secure, when we have removed their only firm basis, a conviction in the minds of the people, that their liberties are the gift of God ? That they are not to be violated but with his wrath ? Indeed I tremble for my country when I reflect that God is just ; that his justice cannot sleep forever; that considering numbers, nature and natural means only, a revolution of the wheel of for- tune, an exchange of situation is among possible events that it may become probable by supernatural interfe- rence ! The Almighty has no attribute which can take side with us in such a contest. But it is impossible to be temperate and pursue this subject through the various considerations of policy, of morals, of history natural and civil. We must be contented to hope they will force their way into every one's mind. I think a change already perceptible, since the origin of the present revolution. The spirit of the master is abating that of the slave, rising from the dust his condition mollifying ; the way I hope preparing, under the auspices of heaven, for a total emancipation ; and that this is disposed, in the order of events, to be with the consent of the masters, rather than by their extermination. LESSON LI. The Complaint of a Dying Year; an allegory. DERSON. Reclining on a couch of fallen leaves, wrapped in a fleecy mantle, with withered limbs, hoarse voice, and snowy beard, appears a venerable old man. His pulse beats feebly, his breath becomes shorter ; he exhibits every mark of approaching dissolution. This is old Eighteen Hundred and ;* and as every class of readers will remember him a young man, as rosy and blithesome as themselves, they will, perhaps, feel interested in hearing some of his dying expressions, with a few particulars of his past life. His existence is still likely to be prolonged a few days by the presence of his daughter December, the last and sole survivor of ANALYTICAL READER. Can liberty be taken from man without incurring the wrath of God ? Why not 1 Because liberty is the gift of God to ev- ery man. Numbers. What is the present number of slaves ? Nature, natural means, leaving out of view God's providence* Revolution, turning over, change. Wheel of fortune, change of circumstances, in allu- sion to the fickleness of fortune. Supernatural, almighty, what is above natural means. Interference, direct expression of Divine displeasure. Considerations, arguments, things to be considered. Take side, join us, be on our part. Policy, expediency, political expediency. Civil. How do natural and civil history differ ? Is there a change for the better already perceptible 1 Origin, commencement, beginning, Revolution, American revolution, separation from Great Britain. Mollifying, softening, growing more gentle. Auspices, aw'spls^es, favor, direction, superintend* ence. Emancipation, freedom, deliverance from bondage, -Disposed, willing, desirous, arranged. Did Mr. Jefferson think it probable that the slaves will be emancipated ? Extermination, destruction, utter excision. Allegory. See Appendix. Reclining, resting, reposing, beading, leaning. Couch, bed, place of repose. Snowy, white, abounding with snow, like the snow, ,Pulse, motion of the artery as the blood passes through it, vibration. Dissolution, death, act of dissolving. Old Eighteen. What is the year represented to be ? *The reader will fill up this blank with the proper year, .Blithesome, bliTH'sum, gay, cheerful, sportive. Dying expressions, expressions uttered when dying. Particulars, events, notices, circumstances. Prolonged, protracted, continued, made long. Survivor, one who outlives another. The derivation ? SEQUEL TO THE liis twelve fair children ; but it is thought the father and daughter will expire together. The following are some of the expressions taken down, as they fell from his dy- ing lips : " I am," said he, " the son of old father Time, and the last of a numerous progeny ; for he he had no less than five thousand eight hundred and of us, but it has ever been his fate to see one child expire be- fore another was born. It is the opinion of some, that his own constitution is beginning to break up, and that, when he has given birth to a hundred or two more of us, his family will be complete, and then he himself will be Jio more." Here the old year called for his account book, and turned over the pages with a sorrowful eye. He has kept, it appears, an accurate account of the moments, minutes, hours, and months which he has issued, and subjoining in some places memorandums of the uses to which they have been applied ; and of the losses he has sustained. These particulars, it would be too tedious to detail, and perhaps the recollection of the reader may furnish them as well or better ; but we must notice one circumstance ; upon turning to a certain page in hi* accounts, the old man was affected and the tears stream- ed down his furrowed cheeks as he examined it. This was the register of the forty-eight Sundays w high he had issued ; and which, of all the wealth he had to dispose ofj had been, it appears, the most scandalously wasted. " These," said he, " were my most precious gifts. I had but fifty-two of them to bestow. Alas! how lightly have they been esteemed !" Here upon referring back to certain old memoran- dums, he found a long list of vows and resolutions, which had a particular reference to the fifty -two Sundays. This, with a great emotion of grief and anger, he tore into a hundred pieces, and threw them on the embers by which he was endeavoring to warm his shivered limbs. " I feel, however," said he, " more pity than indignation towards these offenders, since they were far greater en- emies to themselves than to me. But there are a few outrageous ones, by whom I have been defrauded of so much of my substance, that it is difficult to think of them with patience, particularly that notorious thief, ANALYTICAL READER. 227 -Fair, clear, beautiful, free from defects. -Expire, send out the breath, breathe their last. -Expressions, things said, acts of forcing out by a press. Progeny, family of children, race, descendants. Five thousand. How long since the creation of the world ? Fate, destiny, fortune, lot, portion, chance. Another was born. What is the meaning of this ? -Break up, be impaired, grow feeble, waste away. Complete. Give the literal sense in this place. No more. What period will this be ? Account book. To what is the old year here likened '! Accurate, strict, exact, correct, right. Moments. Is there any difference between moments and minutes ? Subjoining, annexing, adding ; from join. Memorandums, short notices, unconnected notes. Detail, specify minutely, narrate particularly. Recollection. How does it differ from memory ? -Notice, intelligence, information, note down, take account of. -Certain, sure, infallible, particular, some. Furrowed, plowed into furrows, worn into channels. -Register, record, account, make a record of. Forty eight Sundays. What time of the year was this spoken ? Most precious gifts. Why are Sabbaths the most pre- cious 1 -Lightly, negligently, carelessly, nimbly, quickly. -Vows, solemn promises to a divine power. Resolutions, determinations, purposes, ; from resolve. Reference, relation, act of referring. Emotion, excitement, passion, feeling. Embers, expiring coals of fire, warm ashes. Indignation, anger, anger mingled with contempt. Offenders. Are such persons numerous ? Enemies. In what respects are they enemies to them* selves ? Outrageous, violent, furious, excessively bad. Defrauded, cheated, deprived by cheating. -Substance, property, wealth, any thing material. 228 SEQUEL TO THE tination, of whom every body has heard, and who is so well known to have wronged my father of much of his property. There are also three noted ruffians, Sleep, Sloth, and Pleasure, from whom I have suffered much ; hesides a certain busy-body called Dress, who, under the pretence of making most of me, and taking care of me, steals away more of my gifts than any two of them. As for me all must acknowledge that I have perform- ed my part towards my friends and foes. I have fulfill- ed my utmost promise, and been more bountiful than a- ny of my predecessors. My twelve fair children, have, each in their turn, aided my exertions ; and their vari- ous tastes and dispositions have. all conduced to the gen- eral good. Mild February, who sprinkled the naked boughs with delicate buds, and brought her wont offer- ing of early flowers, was not of more essential service than that rude blustering boy, March, who, though vio- lent in his temper, was well intentioned and useful. A- pril, a gentle tender-hearted girl, wept for his loss, yet cheered me with many a smile. June, came crowned with roses, and sparkling in sun beams, and laid up a store of costly ornaments for her luxurious successors : But I cannot stop to enumerate the qualities and graces of all my children. You, my poor December, dark in your complexion, and cold in your temper, greatly resemble my first born, January, with this difference, that he was most prone to anticipation, and you to reflection. If there should be any who, upon hearing my dying lamentation, may feel regret, that they have not treated me more kindly, I would beg leave to hint, that it is yet in their power to make some compensation for past conduct, by rendering me, during my few remaining days, as much service as is in their power ; let them tes- tify the sincerity of their sorrow by an immediate alter- ation in their behavior. It would give me pleasure to see my only surviving child treated with respect : let no one slight her offerings; she has still a considerable part of my property to dispose of, which, if well em- ployed, will, turn to good account. Not to mention the rest, there is yet one precious Sunday in her gift ; it would cheer my last moments to know that this had been better prized than the past. ANALYTICAL READER. 229 Procrastination, delay, dilatoriness ; from procrasti- nate. Wronged my father. Are most persons guilty of this crime ? , Ruffians, mischievous fellows, cut-throats, robbers. Sleep. How can we prevent this from being a ruffian 1 Pretence, appearance, assumption, false show. -More of my gifts. Does dress act thus with you 1 What would be a security against all these foes ? Acknowledge, confess, be sensible ; from knowledge. Utmost promise. What was his promise 1 More beautiful. How was he more beautiful than for- mer years ? Aided, assisted, seconded, supported, relieved. -Tastes, distinguishes by the palate, intellectual dis- cernment. General good. Do selfish persons promote this ? Delicate buds. When do these show themselves 1 Blustering. Why is March called a blustering boy ? -Intentioned, disposed, designed, purposed. Wept. What is meant by saying April wept ? June. Tell me the reason of thus describing her ap- pearance. Luxurious, given to pleasure, intemperate. Successors. Why are these called luxurious 1 Enumerate, number, reckon up, count over. Temper. What is here meant to be represented 1 Anticipation, looking to the future. Why is this said of January ? Prone, included, disposed, liable, yielding. -Regret, remorse, sadness, lament, be sorry for. Compensation, atonement for wrongs committed, -Service, obedience, acts of favor, labor of a slave. Testify, bear testimony to, show, evince, declare. Alteration, change, difference ; from alter. Behavior, conduct, deportment ; from behave, -Slight, treat with contempt, neglect. Property. What is this property 1 Considerable, worthy of consideration, large. Good account, good narration, profit, benefit. In her gift, at her disposal, in her possession. Prized, valued t What is the way to prize it ? 20 230 SEQUEL TO THE It is very likely that at least after my decease, many may reflect upon themselves for their past conduct to- wards me : to such I would leave it as my last injunc- tion, not to waste time in unavailing regret all their wishes and repentance will not call me to life again. I shall never, never return ! I would rather earnestly recommend to their regard my youthful successor, whose appearance is shortly expected. I cannot hope to survive long enough to introduce him ; but I would fain hope, that he will meet with a favorable reception, and that, in addition to the flattering honors which greeted my birth, and the fair promises which deceived my hopes, more diligent exertions, and more persever- ing efforts may be expected. Let it be remembered, that one honest endeavor is worth ten fair promises. Having thus spoken, the Old Year fell back on his couch, nearly exhausted, and trembling so violently as to shake the last shower of yellow leaves from his can- opy. Let us all hasten to testify our gratitude for his services, and repentance for the abuse of them, by im- proving the remaining days of his existence, and by re- membering the solemn promises he made in his youth. LESSON LTL The Universal Agency and Providence of God. CHAL- MERS. It is is indeed a mighty evidence of the strength of his arm, that so many millions of worlds are suspended on it; but it would surely make the high attribute of his power more illustrious, if while it expatiated at large among the suns and the systems of astronomy, it could, at the very same instant, be impressing a movement and a direction on all the minuter wheels of that vast ma- chinery, which is working incessantly around us. It forms a nobje demonstration of hjs wisdom, that he gives unremitting operation to those laws which uphold the stability of this great universe ; but it would go to heighten that wisdom inconceivably, if, while equal to the magnificent task of maintaining the order and har- ANALYTICAL READER. 231 -Decease, death, dissolution, die, depart from earth. -Reflect, think, throw back, cast reproach. Injunction, command, order, precept, advice. Unavailing, useless, unprofitable ; from avail. Regret. Is it common for persons to regret the past? What ought to be the effect of sorrow for the past 1 Recommend, make acceptable ; from commend. Successor, from succeed. What is this 1 Expected. How does this word differ from suspect- ed ? Spell fain, I would fain hope \ feign, they feign in- sanity ; fane, the sacred fane. -Addition, the act of putting one thing to another, col- lecting. -Greeted, welcomed, saluted in kindness, addressed at a meeting. Fair promises. What promises can be called fair ? Effects. Will not a wise man profit by this advice ? Honest, sincere, hearty, honorable, determined. Promises. What is the conduct of foolish persons ? -Exhausted, spent, failing in strength, dried up, drawn off. Canopy, covering spread over the head. Shower. Why are falling leaves called a shower 1 Repentance. Does not this mean something more than sorrow for misconduct ? Improving. Will not you comply with the injunc- tion ? Solemn promises. What were these promises ? Youth. Is not age apt to neglect the promises of youth 1 Mighty, strong, overwhelming, yery great. Strength of his arm, power, omnipotence, energy. Attribute, faculty, perfection, quality. .Illustrious, glorious, honorable, splendid. Expatiated, ranged at large, dwelt upon, freely dis- cussed. Systems, suns and their attendant bodies. .Machinery, mechanism, enginery, complicated work. What forms a noble demonstration of his wisdom ? Uphold the stability, sustain the established order. Inconceivably, beyond conception, immeasurably. SEQUEL TO THE mony of the spheres, it was lavishing its inexhaustible resources on the beauties and varieties, and arrange- ments, of every one scene, however humble, of every one field, however narrow, of the creation he had form- ed. It is a cheering evidence of the delight he takes in communicating happiness, that the whole of immensity should be so strewed with the inhabitants of life and in- telligence ; but it would surely bring home the evidence, with a nearer and more affecting impression, to every bosom, did we know, that at the very time his benig- nant regard took in the mighty circle of createpl beings, there was not a single family overlooked by him, and that every individual in every corner of his dominions, was as effectually seen to, as if the object of an exclu- sive and undivided care. It is our imperfection, that we cannot give our attention to more than one object at one and the same instant of time ; but surely it would elevate our every idea of the perfection of God, did we know, that while his comprehensive mind could grasp the whole amplitude of nature, to the very uttermost of its boundaries, he had an attentive eye fastened on the very humblest of its objects, and pondered every thought of my heart, and noticed every footstep of my goings, and treasured up in his remembrance every turn, and movement of my history. His eye is upon every hour of my existence. His spirit is intimately present with every thought of my heart. His inspiration gives birth to every purpose within me. His hand impresses a direction on every footstep of my goings. Every breath I inhale, is drawn by an energy which God deals out to me. This body, which, upon the slightest de- rangement, would become the prey of death, or of wo- ful suffering, is now at ease, because he is, at this mo- ment, warding off from me a thousand dangers, and up- holding the thousand movements of its complex and del- icate machinery. His presiding influence keeps me through the whole current of my restless and ever chang- ing history. When I walk by the way side, he is along with me, when I enter into company, amid all my for- getfulness of him, he never forgets me. In the silent watches of the night, when my eyelids have closed, and my ANALYTICAL READER. 233 -Spheres, heavenly bodies, any globular body. Lavishing, bountifully bestowing, profusely expending. Varieties, diversities, various circumstances. -Creation, time of creating the world, making all things. .Inexhaustible, not to be spent. What is a delightful evidence of God's desire to com- municate happiness ? Immensity, illimitable space. Strewed, stro'd, sown, scattered. Inhabitants of life, living beings. Impression, evidence, feeling. Benignant, pleasing, gracious, kind, generous. -Circle, circumference, orb, round body, universe. Is God every where present in his dominions ? Is nothing overlooked by him ? Effectually. From what derived 1 What is a proof of our imperfection 1 What do you understand by the perfections of God 1 Comprehensive, enlarged, unlimited. Amplitude, breadth, largeness ; from ample. Boundaries, bounds, outer limits. Humblest, smallest, lowliest, most humble. -Heart, organ of life, seat of life, affections, mind, soul. Remembrance, recollection, memory. Inspiration, power, drawing in of breath, breathing into. Spell impresses, thousand, f/iou'zand. Are we indebted to God for life and breath ? ' In him we live and move and have our being." Derangement, de-range'ment, disorder. Prey, victim, food, spoil. Complex, complicated, consisting of many parts. Current, running stream, course, progress. Is God every where present ? Must he, of course, know all that I do ? -Watches, protects, instruments lo measure time, di- visions of the night. The Jews divided the night into four watches, or equal portions. Eyelids, the membranes, that shoot over the eyes. Of what is the word compounded ? What parts of speech are the simple words ? 20* 234 SEQUEL TO THE spirit has sunk into unconsciousness, the observant eye of Him who never sleeps is upon me. I cannot fly from his presence. Go where I will, he tends me, and watch- es me, and cares for me ; and the same being who is now at work in the remotest domains of nature, and of providence, is also at my right hand to eke out to me every moment of my being, and to uphold me in the ex- ercise of all my feelings, and of all my faculties. Now, what God is doing with me, he is doing with ev- ery distinct individual of this world's population. The intimacy of his presence, and attention and care, reach- es to one and to all of them. With a mind unburdened by the vastness of all its other concerns, he can prose- cute, without distraction, the government and guardian- ship of every one son and daughter of the species. LESSON LIII. Hyder AH. BURKE. When at length Hyder Ali found, that he had to do with men who would either sign no convention, or whom no treaty and no signature, could bind, and who were the determined enemies of human intercourse itself, he decreed to make the country possessed by these incorri- gible and predestinated criminals a memorable exam- ple to mankind. He resolved in the gloomy recesses of a mind capacious of such things, to leave the whole Carnatic an everlasting monument of vengeance ; and to put perpetual desolation as a barrier between him and those against whom the faith which holds the moral elements of the world together was no protection. He became at length so confident of his force, so collected in his might, that he made no secret whatever of his dreadful resolution. Having terminated his disputes with every enemy, and rival, who buried their mutual animosities in their common detestation against the creditors of the nabob of Arcot, he drew from every quarter, whatever a savage ferocity could add to his new rudiments in the art of destruction ; and, com- pounding all the materials of fury, havoc, and desola- ANALYTICAL READER. 23S Spirit, thinking principle, soul, life, energy. Domains, dominions, provinces. What is meant by Providence ? To eke out, to distribute, to measure out. Uphold, sustain, preserve. Distinct, separate, single, particular, Population, inhabitants, To one, and to all, individually and collectively. .Government guv'urn-ment, control, superintendence. .Guardianship. What is the derivation ? What ideas does this extract give you of God 1 Hyder AH, a famous chieftain in India. Had to do, must act, was united, was forced to hare intercourse. -Convention, contract for a limited time, assembly. Signature, signing a name to, the articles of a contract or treaty. .Incorrigible, bad beyond amendment, most abandon- ed, irreclaimable. Predestinated, foreordained, decreed beforehand. Memorable, notable, that which will be remembered. Recesses, dark retreats, caverns, secret apartments. Capacious, capable, wide, vast, extended. Carnatic. What part of Hindostan is this 1 See maps. Desolation, ruin, destruction, devastation. Barrier, boundary, defence, bar to mark the limits of a place. Moral elements, principles which bind men. Protection, defence, guard ; from what derived ? Resolution, purpose, determination, decree. Terminated, ended, settled, concluded. Animosities, feelings of hatred, enmities. Detestation, contemning, hatred, abhorrence ; from detest. Nabob, chief officer, powerful man. Savage, inhuman, brutal, not civilized, barbarous. Rudiments, first principles, elements. Compounding, mixing, combining, uniting. Havoc, devastation, spoil, plunder. 336 SEQUEL TO THE tion into one black cloud, he hung for a while on the declivities of the mountains. Whilst the authors of these evils were idly and stupidly gazing on this menacing meteor, which blackened all their horizon, it suddenly burst, and poured down its whole contents upon the plains of the Carnatic. Then ensued a scene of wo, the like of which no eye had seen, no heart conceived, and which no tongue can tell. All the horrors of war be- fore known or heard of, were mercy to that havoc. A storm of universal fire blasted every field, consumed ev- ery house, destroyed every temple. The miserable in- habitants, flying from their flaming villages, in part were slaughtered others, without regard to age, to the respect of rank, or sacredness of function fathers torn from children, husbands from wives, enveloped in a whirlwind of cavalry, and amidst the goading spears of drivers, and the trampling of pursuing horses, were swept into captivity, in an unknown and hostile land. Those who were able to evade this tempest, fled to the walled cities. But escaping from fire, sword, and ex- ile, they fell into the jaws of famine. The alms of the settlement, in this dreadful exigence, were certainly liberal ; and all was done by chanty, that private char- ity could do ; but it was a people in beggary ; it was a nation that stretched out its hands for food. For month* together these creatures of sufferance, whose very ex- cess and luxury, in their most plenteous days, had fall- en short of the allowance of our austerest fasts, silent, patient, resigned, without sedition or disturbance, al- most without complaint, perished by a hundred a day in the streets of Madras. Every day seventy laid their bo- dies in the streets, or on the glacis of Tanjore, and ex- pired of famine in the granary of India. I was going to awake your justice towards this unhappy part of our fellow citizens, by bringing before you some of the cir- cumstances of this plague of hunger. Of all the calami- ties which beset and waylay the life of man, this come* nearest to our heart, and is that in which the proudest of us all feels himself to be nothing more than he is : but I find myself unable to manage it with decorum. These details are of a species of horror so nauseous and dis- gusting ; they are so degrading to the sufferers and to ANALYTICAL READER. 237 Hung. Can you explain this figure ? Declivities, gradual descents, oblique fallings. Menacing, threatening, portentous, boding. .Meteor. Is this a metaphor, or a comparison? Ensued, took place, followed, was exhibited. Mercy. How could all the horrors of war be called mercy 1 A storm. What was this storm 1 Temple, house dedicated to religious worship. Flying. Is this figurative, or literal ? Function, office, special duty, elevated station. Enveloped, covered, wrapped up, concealed. Whirlwind of cavalry. Why called a whirlwind ? Goading, piercing pressing against, pricking. Swept. Can you tell what this figure is 1 Captivity, from what derived ? slavery, subjection by a fate of war. Hostile land, land belonging to an enemy. Evade, escape, slip away from, go clear. -Exile, banishment from one's country, banish. Jaws of famine. What is famine here represented to be ? Exigence, pressing necessity, want, distress. Private charity, charity of individuals. Nation. What is the whole nation here made ? Sufferance, from what derived 1 wretchedness, en- durance. Austerest, most strict, most rigid, most severe. Sedition, tumult, riot, insurrection. Madras. Can you find this place on your map t Glacis, a sloping bank in fortification. Granary, store-house. What does it denote here ? India. Can you give the boundaries of it 1 Plague. What is this figure, a metaphor, or compar- ison ? Waylay, beset by ambush, plot against secretly. Nothing more. What is it that produces this common feeling ? Manage it, carry it on, conduct, guide. Decorum, propriety, decency, order, seemliness. Nauseous, offensive, loathsome, disgustful. 238 SEQUEL TO THE the hearers ; they are so humiliating to human nature itself, that on better thoughts, I find it more advisable to throw a pall over this hideous object, and to leave it to your general conception. LESSON LIV. Millennium. C o WPER. The groans of Nature in this nether world, Which heaven has heard for ages, have an end, Foretold by prophets, and by poets sung, Whose fire was kindled at the prophet's lamp ; The time of rest, the promis'd Sabbath, comes. Six thousand years of sorrow have well nigh Fulfilled their tardy and diastrous course Over a sinful world ; and what remains Of this tempestuous state of human things Is merely as the working of a sea Before a calm, that rocks itself to rest ; For He, whose car the winds are, and the clouds The dust that waits upon his sultry march, W^hen sin hath mov'd him, and his wrath is hot, Shall visit earth in mercy ; shall descend Propitious in his chariot paved with love ; And what his storms have blasted and defac'd For man's revolt, shall with a smile repair. Sweet is the harp of prophecy; too sweet Not to be wrong'd by a mere mortal touch : Nor can the wonders it records be sung To meaner music and not suffer loss. O scenes surpassing fable, and yet true, Scenes of accomplish'd bliss ! which who can see, Though but in distant prospect, and not feel His soul refreshed with foretaste of the joy ? Rivers of gladness water all the earth, And clothe all climes with beauty ; the reproach Of barrenness is past. The fruitful field Laughs with abundance; and the land, once lean. Or fertile only in its own disgrace, ANALYTICAL READER, 339 Humiliating. Can you tell why they were humiliat- ing ? PalK cloak, mantle, covering for the dead. Hideous, frightful, terrific, horrible, dreadful. Object. What was that object ? Millennium, happy period of the world, predicted in the Bible, when Christ shall reign a thousand years, king of nations. Nether, lower, in opposition to the upper world, or heaven. .Prophets, men inspired by God to foretell future events. Lamp. Can you explain alt this figure ? Sabbath, first day of the week, day of sacred rest. Six thousand. How long since the creation of the world 1 Sorrow. What has been the cause of this sorrow ? Disastrous, calamitous, distressful. Tempestuous, stormy ; from tempest. Human things, affairs of men, moral world. As the working. What is the figure here used ? Car, chariot, vehicle, war carriage. Sultry, hot, scorching under a meridian sun. Wrath, vengeance, determination to punish. Propitious, benignant, merciful, restoring to favor. Paved, floored, covered, laid over with stone. Defaced, marred, despised, disfigured. Revolt, rebellion, refusal to obey. Prophecy, prof fe-se, prediction. Harp. How are prophets here represented'? Mortal touch, touch of mortal man. Records, re-kords, writes down. O scenes. What figure of speech is here used ? Surpassing, excelling, going beyond, superior to. Foretaste, prelibation, anticipation. Rivers of gladness. Illustrate this figure. Climes, regions, countries, poetically for climate. Reproach, disgrace, censure, blame. .Laughs. What is the field represented to be here 1 Lean, gaunt, poor, sterile. 240 SEQUEL TO THE Exults to see its thistly curse repealed. The various seasons woven into one, And that one season an eternal spring. The garden fears no blight, and needs no fence, For there is none to covet, all are full. The lion and the libbard and the bear, Graze with the fearless flocks ; all bask at noon Together, or all gambol in the shade Of the same grove, and drink one common stream. Antipathies are none. No foe to man Lurks in the serpent now : the mother sees, And smiles to see, her infant's playful hand Stretch'd forth to dally with the crested worm, To stroke his azure neck, or to receive The lambent homage of his snowy tongue, All creatures worship now, and all mankind One Lord, one Father. One song employs all nations ; and all cry, " Worthy the Lamb, for he was slain for us !" The dwellers in the vales and on the rocks Shout to each other, and the mountain tops From distant mountains catch the flying joy, Till nation after nation taught the strain, Earth rolls the rapturous hosanna round. Behold the measure of the promise filPd ; See Salem built, the labor of a God ! Bright as a sun the sacred city shines ; All kingdoms and all princes of the earth Flock to that light ; the glory of all lands Flows into her ; unbounded is her joy And endless her increase. Praise is in all her gates ; upon her walls, And in her streets, and in her spacious courts, Is heard salvation. Her report has travell'd forth Into all lands. From every clime they come To see thy beauty and to share thy joy. O Sion ! an assembly such as earth Saw never, such as Heaven stoops down to see* ANALYTICAL READER. -J41 Fertile, fer' til, plenteous, fruitful. Exults, rejoices, leaps for jx>y, is glad. Thistly, (See Gen. 3: 17, 18,) abounding with this- tles. Blight, mildew, any thing nipping, or blasting. Various seasons. What are the seasons ? Libbard, leopard, Isaiah, 11 : 6, 7. Graze, at grass, abide in the pasture. Gambol, frolic, sport, play. Bask, lie out in the sun, expose themselves to the heat. Antipathies, hatreds, grudgings, animosities. Lurks, is secreted, conceals itself, Gen. o : 14, 15. Playful hand, hand engaged in play. Dally, sport, play, wanton. Crested, adorned with a crest, wearing a comb. Lambent, playing about, gliding over without harm. Homage, respect, worship, obedience, duty. Worship, fear, exercise acts of piety towards God. One song. What must persons become to sing this song 1 Worthy the Lamb. Revelation 5 : 12. Mountain tops, tops used for the people living on them. From distant mountains. What figure is here used ? Strain. What song is this ? Rapturous, from rapture, transporting, heavenly. Measure, extent, dimension, portion. Salem, Jerusalem, figuratively, the true church. Shines, thus shining, when pure and extending over all the earth. Flock, go in flocks, collect. Glory, excellence, honor, splendor. Stones. What is the figure here employed ? Unbounded, from bound, unlimited. Her gates, her houses, gates put for the places to which they Lead. Spacious, from space, large, extensive. Salvation, songs of deliverance, praise to the Savior. -Report, fame, news, rurnor, intelligence, noise. Into all lands, over all the world. Share, participate, have a share in. Sion, mountain at Jerusalem, figuratively, the church, Stoops, how is heaven here represented ? 21 242 SEQUEL TO THE LESSON LV. Account of a Volcano in Hawaii. ELLTS'S TOUR. "About two P. M. the crater of Kirauea suddenly burst upon our view. We expected to have seen a moun- tain with a broad base and rough indented sides, com- posed of loose slags or hardened streams of lava, and whose summit would have presented a rugged wall of scoria, forming the rim of a mighty caldron. But in- stead of this, we found ourselves on the edge of a steep precipice, with a vast plain before us, fifteen or sixteen miles in circumference, and sunk from 200 to 400 feet below its original level. The surface of this plain was uneven, and strewed over with huge stones and volcanic rocks, and in the centre of it was the great crater, at a distance of a mile and a half from the precipice on which we were standing. Our guides led us round towards the north end of the ridge, in order to find a place by which we might descend to the plain below. As we passed along, we observed the natives, who had hitherto refused to touch any of the ohelo berries, now gathered several branches, and, after offering a part to Pele, eat them very freely." " Several of them told us, as they turned round from the crater, that after such acknowledgments, they might eat of the fruit with security. We walked on to the north end of the ridge, where the precipice being less steep, a descent to the plain be- low seemed practicable. It required, however, the great- est caution, as the stones and fragments of rocks fre- quently gave way under our feet, and rolled down from above ; but with all our care, we did not reach the bot- tom without several falls and slight bruises. The steep which we descended, was formed of volcanic matter, ap^ parently a light red, and gray kind of lava, vesicular, and lying in horizontal strata, varying in thickness from one to forty feet. In a small number of places, the different strata of lava were also rent in perpendicular or oblique directions, from the top to the bottom, either by earth- quakes, or other violent convulsions of the ground con- nected with the action of the adjacent volcano. After ANALYTICAL READER. 243 Hawaii, or Owygee, the largest of the Sandwich Isl- ands, containing about 4000 square miles, and 85,UOO inhabitants. P. M., Post Meridiem, afternoon. Crater, cavity, large vent by which a volcano emits its fire. ,-View, prospect, sight, to look, to behold. Indented, uneven, having inequalities like teeth. Lava, burning substance, overflowings of fire and ashes. Scoria, dross, matter thrown out from a volcano. Circumference, circuit, measure round any thing. -Feet, lower extremities of animals, measure of length, support. -Original, primary, former, not borrowed. -Level, smooth, even, to make plain, plain horizontal surface. -Guides, conductors, shows, leads, points out. -Ridge, rough top of any thing, ground thrown up by a plough. Natives, persons born in the country, not foreigners. Pele, the principal goddess of volcanoes. Ohelo, a shrub, producing beautiful red and yellow berries in clusters, of the size and shape of a large currant. Volcano, burning mountain. Where are the most celebrated ? See App. Acknowledgments, adoration. Was it superstitious 1 Security, safety, without any danger. Practicable, performable, feasible, capable of being done. Fragments, broken pieces. Frequently, often, repeatedly ; from frequent. Care, precaution, carefulness, prudence, watchfulness. Vesicular, ve-sik' ft-lar, hollow, full of small intersti- ces. Horizontal, level, on a plane with the horizon. Thickness, denseness, want of rareness, closeness. Perpendicular, upright, in right angles to the horizon. Oblique, inclining, crooked, indirect. Earthquakes, violent movements of the earth. Adjacent, adjoining, lying near. 244 SEQUEL TO THE walking some distance over the sunken plain, which in several places sounded hollow under our feet, \ve at length came to the edge of the great crater, where a spectacle, sublime, and even appalling, presented itself to view be- fore us. Astonishment and awe rendered us mute, and, like statues, we stood fixed to the spot, with our eyes liveted on the abyss below. Immediately before us yawned an immense gulf, in the form of a crescent, about two miles in length, from northeast to southwest, nearly a mile in width, and apparently 800 feet deep, the bot- tom was covered with lava ; and the southwest and northern parts of it were one vast flood of burning mat- ter, in a state of terrific ebullition, rolling to and fro 'its fiery surge' and flaming billows. Fifty-one conical isl- ands, of various form and size, containing so many cra- ters, rose either round the edge or from the surface of the burning lake. Twenty-two constantly emitted col- umns of gray smoke, or pyramids of burning flame ; and several of these at the same time vomited from their ig- nited mouths streams of lava, which rolled in blazing torrents down their black indented sides into the boiling mass below. The existence of these conical craters, led us to con- clude, that the boiling caldron of lava before us, did not form the focus of the volcano; that this mass of melting lava was comparatively shallow; and that the bason in which it was contained, was separated by a stratum of solid matter, from the great volcanic abyss, which con- stantly poured out its melted contents through these nu- merous craters into this upper reservoir. We were fur- ther inclined to this opinion, from the vast columns of vapor continually ascending from the chasms in the vi- cinity of the sulphur banks and pools of water, for they must have been produced by other fire than that which caused the ebullition in the lava at the bottom of the great crater ; and also by noticing a number of small craters, in vigorous action, situated high up the sides of the great gulf, and apparently quite detached from it. The streams of lava which they emitted rolled down the lake, and mingled on the melted mass there, which, though thrown up by different apertures, had perhaps been originally fused in one vast furnace. The sides of the gulf before ANALYTICAL READER. 245 Sublime, grand. What is the difference between grandeur and beauty. Appalling, ap-pall' ing, fearful, frightful. Mute, silent, not vocal, speechless. Statues, lifeless images made of stone, wood, wax. &c. Rivetted, fastened, nailed, firmly fixed. Abyss, deep place, profound gulf, fathomless pit. Yawned, yawn'd, gaped, opened wide. Terrific, fearful, dreadful, inspiring fear. Ebullition, boiling effervescence caused by intense heat. Surge, billow. Whence the allusion ? , Conical, kon' e-kal, in form of a cone. .-Islands, masses, land surrounded with water. Emitted, vomited, sent out. Pyramids, cones, a solid figure like a sugar loaf. Columns, koi 7 lums, round pillars, file of troops, half page. Ignited, burning, flaming, set on fire. -Down, descending along, soft feathers, open plain. -Led, guided, induced, were the means of making. Focus, centre, radiating point, place of emission or concentration. Caldron, kawl x drun, pot, boiler, large kettle. -Shallow, not deep, thin, light headed. -Stratum, Latin word signifying layer. What is the plural ? Further, also, likewise, furthermore. What is vapor called when collected in the atmos- pliere 1 .Ascending, going up, rising. Chasms, kazmz, clefts, gaps, openings, vacuities, rents. Vicinity, neighborhood, around, adjacent country. .Sulphur, brimstone, inflammable earth. Vigorous, strong, sturdy, healthy, robust. -Action, operation, engagement, activity. Apertures, ap' ur-tshurz, openings, acts of opening. Originally, at first, primarily. Fused, fuz'd, reduced from a solid to a liquid. Furnace, enclosed fire place, place were metals are fused. 21* 246 SEQUEL TO THE us, although composed of different strata of ancient lava, were perpendicular for about 400 feet, and rose from a wide horizontal ledge of solid black lava of irregular breadth, but extending completely round. Beneath this ledge, the sides sloped gradually towards the burning lake, which was, as nearly as we could judge, 300 or 400 feet lower. It was evident, that the large crater had been recently filled with liquid lava up to the black ledge, and had, by some subterranean canal, emptied itself into the seas or upon the low land upon the shore. The gray, and in some places, apparently calcined, sides of the great crater before us ; the fissures which intersected the surface of the plain on which we were standing ; the long banks of sulphur on the opposite side of the abyss; the vigorous action of the numerous small craters on its borders ; the dense columns of vapor and smoke, that rose on the north and south ends of the plain ; together with the ridge of steep rocks by which it was surrounded, rising probably in some places 300 or 400 feet in per- pendicular height, presented an immense volcanic pan- orama, the effect of which was greatly augmented by the constant roaring of the vast furnaces below. We partook with cheerfulness of our evening repast, and afterwards, amidst the whistling winds around, and the roaring furnace beneath, rendered our evening sac- rifice of praise, and committed ourselves to the secure protection of our God. We then spread our mats on the ground, but as we were all wet with rain, against which our huts were but an indifferent shelter, we pre- ferred to sit or .stand round the fire, rather than lie down on the ground. Between nine and ten, the dark clouds and heavy fogs, that, since the setting of the sun, had hung over the volcano, gradually cleared away, and the fires of Kirauea, darting their fierce light athwart the midnight gloom, unfolded a sight terrible and sublime, beyond all that we had yet seen. The agitated mass of liquid lava, like a flood of melted metal, raged with tumultuous whirl. The lively flame that danced over its undulating surface, tinged with sul- phurous blue, or glowing with mineral red, cast a broad glare of dazzling light on the indented sides of the insu- ated crater, whose roaring mouths, amidst rising flames ANALYTICAL READER. 24T Gulf, abyss. With what was it filled ? Although, al-THo', nevertheless, notwithstanding. Composed, made up, constituted. -.Ancient, old, antiquated, long since thrown out. Wide, broad, extended in breadth. Ledge, broken mass of stones, layer, stratum. Sloped, declined. .Perpendicular, per-pen-dic' u-lar, .Subterranean, under ground. Canal, channel, excavation. What is the use of ca- nals ? Fissures, clefts, holes, openings, rents. Intersected, passed between, divided. Calcined, pulverized, reduced to powder, friable. -Banks, shores, margins, sides, dykes, places for mou- - e >'* . What is a volcano ? What are melted stones ? What do you understand by lava ? How were these persons in danger. -Borders, confines, boundaries, joins on, lies near. Dense, thick, conglomerated. Surrounded, environed, inclosed. Probably, perhaps, not certainly, expressing more than possibly. .Panorama, spectacle, representation. Whistling, sighing, singing. Whence the allusion? Sacrifice, sak' kre-f ize, oblation, worship. Were they surrounded by evidences of the power of God? Mats, clothes, blankets, texture of flags, rushes, &-c. Preferred, chose, offered up. -Shelter, cover, protect, shield, defend, defence. Between, betwixt, intervening. Fogs, dense vapors. Are they more frequent in high or low ground ? Cleared, removed, dissipated, dispersed. Fierce, furious, savage, brightly gleaming. Athwart, across, from side to side. -Midnight, middle of the night, deep, dense. Unfolded, displayed, laid open, revealed. Tumultuous, furious, disordered, confused. Whirl, quick revolution, giddy circle, like a sling stone. 248 SEQUEL TO THE and eddying streams of fire, shot up, at frequent inter- vals, with loudest detonation, spherical masses of fusing lava, or bright ignited stones. The dark bold outline of the perpendicular and jutting rocks around, formed a striking contrast with the luminous lake below, whose vivid rays, thrown on the rugged promontories, and re- flected by the overhanging clouds, combined to complete the awful grandeur of the imposing scene. We sat gazing on the amazing phenomena for several hours, when we laid ourselves down on our mats, in order to observe more leisurely, their varying aspect ; for, al- though we had travelled upwards of twenty miles since the morning, and were both weary and cold, we felt but little disposition to sleep. This disinclination was prob- ably increased by our proximity to the yawning gulf, and our conviction, that the detachment of a fragment from beneath the overhanging pile on which we were reclin- ing, or the slightest concussion of the earth, which every thing around indicated to be no unfrequent occurrence, would perhaps precipitate us amidst the horrid rash of falling rocks, into the burning lake immediately before us. The natives who probably viewed the scene with thoughts and feelings somewhat different from ours, seemed, however, equally interested. They sat most of the night, talking of the achievements ofPele, and re- garded with a superstitious fear, at which we were not surprised, the brilliant exhibition. They considered it the primeval abode of their volcanic deities. The con- ical craters, they said, were their house where they fre- quently amused themselves, by playing at konane, the roaring furnaces and the crackling of the flames, were the kaniof their hura, and the red flaming surge, was the surf wherein they played, sportively swimming on the rolling wave. But the magnificent fires of Kirauea, appeared to dwindle into insignificance, when we thought of the sub- terranean fires immediately beneath us. The whole isl- and of Hawaii, covering a space of 4000 square miles, from the summits of its lofty mountains, perhaps 15,000 or 16,000 feet above the level of the sea, down to the beach, is, according to every observation we could make, one complete mass of lava, or other volcanic matter, in ANALYTICAL READER. 249 Danced, moved nimbly. Why said to dance ? Undulating, moving in gentle waves, waving. Tinged, colored, impregnated, tinctured. Mineral red, having the color of minerals. Detonation, explosion, loud noise like thunder. Spherical, sfeV re-kal, round, globular, circular. Outline, rough sketch, first draught, prominent fea- tures. Jutting, overhanging, shelving, impending. Contrast, opposition. State what the contrast was. Luminous, liV me-nus, bright, enlightened. Awful, terrific. A word thus used is an epithet or ad- jective. Are epithets multiplied in this piece 1 What is the effect upon the style, if they are too numerous ? -Phemomena, strange spectacles, facts in science. -Disposition, placing, collocation, tem-per, inclination, .Proximity, nearness, vicinity, neighborhood. Conviction, belief, impression. Pile, heap together, mass, heap. Concussion, shaking, tremefaction. Occurrence, incident, fact, event. Horrid, dreadful, tremendous. -Immediately, just, directly, instantly, thig moment. Somewhat, rather, in a measure, from some and what. Achievements, exploits, deeds, heroic acts. Superstitious, credulous, weak, unreasonable. Primeval, elder, former, original, first. Deities, idols, in the plural always meaning false gods. -Houses, edifices, buildings, structures, protects. Amused, entertained, pleased. JKonane, a game resembling drafts. Kani of their hura, music of their dance. Swimming on the sea, when there is a high surf, is a favorite amusement with the islanders. Surf, surge, swell of the sea caused by beating against a shore or rock. Magnificent, grand, imposing, adorned, ~Fires, flames, sets on fire, inflames. >Space, area, measure of time, indefinite expansion. 250 SEQUEL TO THE different stages of decomposition. Perforated with in- numerable apertures, in the shape of craters, the island forms one hollow cone over one vast furnace, situated in the heart of a stupendous submarine mountain, rising from the bottom of the sea ; or possibly the fires may rage with augmented force beneath the bed of the ocean, rearing through the superincumbent weight of waters, the base of Hawaii, and, at the same time, forming a pyramidal funnel from the furnace to the atmosphere." LESSON LV1. Eve's Lamentation on leaving Paradise. MILTON. O unexpected stroke, worse than of Death ! Must I thus leave thee, Paradise, thus leave Thee, native soil, these happy walks and shades, Fit haunt of Gods, where I had hoped to spend Quiet though sad, the respite of that day That must be mortal to us both. O flowers, That never will in other climate grow, My early visitation and my last At even, which I bred up with tender hand From the first opening bud, and gave ye names, Who now shall rear ye to the sun, or rank Your tribes, and water from the ambrosial fount ? Thee, lastly, nuptial bower, by me adorn'd With what to sight or smell was sweet ; from thee How shall I part, and whither wander down Into a lower world, to this obscure And wild ? How shall we breathe in other air Less pure, accustom'd to immortal fruits ? LESSON LVIL Niagara Falls. U. S. LIT. GAZETTE. Notwithstanding the number of people, who constantly visit Niagara from all parts of the country, yet there are those, with whom it is a matter of some doubt, whether ANALYTICAL READER. 251 Where is the highest mountain in the world ? Asia. How high are the Andes ? More than 20,000 feet. -Stages, floors for theatrical exhibition, single steps. Decomposition, decay, reducing to original elements. Perforated, transpierced, bored, run through. -Shape, form, fit out, arrange. Submarine, under the sea, down in the waters. Superincumbent, lying above, resting upon, over- hanging. Funnel, tunnel, aperture, outlet, passage out. What are the characteristics of this description ? Paradise. Where and what was this ? Gen. i. Unexpected, from expect, unlocked for, sudden, sur- prising. Leave thee. Tell me the figure of speech here em- ployed. Happy walks, walks in which happiness was enjoyed. Haunt, hant, visiting place, resort, recess. -Respite, interval, pause, remainder, reprieve. Mortal, of limited duration, transient. Other climate. What was the climate of Paradise? Visitation, from visit, objects of my visits, or care. Bred up, reared, cultivated, tended, nourished. Tender, delicate, careful, gentle. Opening bud. What was Eve's employment in Par- adise ? Ambrosial, delicious, partaking of the qualities of ambrosia. Fount, fountain, spring, source of a stream. Nuptial bower, wedding bower, place in which mar- riage was celebrated. Lower world. Why were the places out of Paradise called lower 1 Obscure, dark, stormy, mysterious, unknown. Accustomed to, having fed on, familiar with. Immortal fruits. Why were the fruits cf Paradise called immortal ? On what account was Eve compelled to leave that lovely spot 1 Niagara, ne-ag'a-ra. Where is it ? Between what Lakes 1 A pp. Notwithstanding. Of what three words is this com- pounded ? SEQUEL TO THE a man may go beneath the falls, and live. Many, when they look upon this scene, are overcome with terror and cannot approach it. Others, of firmer nerves, venture into the ancillary droppings of this queen of waters, and, con- founded by the noise, wind and spray, and still more by their own imagination, scramble into daylight, fully per- suaded that they could not have lived there another mo- ment. But effectually to achieve this performance, it is only necessary that we have confidence. The scene itself is dreadful enough, and its natural terrors, if armed with the persuasion that our design cannot be accomplished, will inevitably defeat it. It is a general impression, that, to go under the falls, we must walk upon the level, where they spend their fury, and within arm's length of the torrent ; but it is not so, our path lies upon the top of the bank, at least thirty feet above the bottom of the abyss, and as far in a horizontal line from the course of the Falls, and close under the im- mense rock which supports them. This bank overhangs us, as on one side of an irregular arch, of which the cor- responding side is formed by the sheet of water, and thus, instead of groping our way at the foot of the nar- row passage, we stand mounted in a stupendous cavern. On a fine morning in August last, soon after sun rise, I set out with a friend and a guide to visit the sublime scene. The first thing to be done, after descending the tower of steps, is to strip ourselves of all clothing, ex- cept a single covering of linen, and a silk handkerchief tied tight over the ears. This costume, with the addi- tion of a pair of pumps, is the court-dress of the pal- ace of Niagara. We passed about 50 rods under the table rock, be- neath ^hose brow and crumbling sides, we could not stop to shudder, our minds were at once so excited and oppressed, as we approached the eternal gateway, which nature has built df the motionless rock and the rushing torrents, as a fitting entrance to her most awful magnifi- cence. We turned a jutting corner of the rock, and the chasm yawned upon us. The noise of the cataract was almost deafening, its headlong grandeur rolled from the very skies; we were drenched by the overflowings ANALYTICAL READER. 253 Falls. What is the height of the falls ? App. Overcome, conquered, subdued ; from what derived 1 Nerves, organs of sensation passing from the brain to all parts of the body. .Ancillary, subservient, subordinate, like waiting maids. Spray, foam of the water. Scramble, climb up by the help of the hands. Achieve, accomplish, do, go through successfully. Performance, feat, act, work ; from perform. -Scene, view, appearance, place, division of a play. Design, de-sine 7 , purpose, scheme, project. Inevitably, unavoidabty, assuredly. -General, common, prevalent. -Impression, feeling, conviction, mark made by pres- sure. Torrent, rapid stream, swift river. Abyss, gulf, pit, deep place of water. Horizontal, on a level, parallel to the horizon. -Immense, unlimited, immeasurable. Arch, artsh, part of a circle, not more than half. -Corresponding, similar arid opposite, keeping up commerce. Sheet, large broad piece, any thing expanded. Instead, in-sted', in the place. Stupendous, vast, wonderful, amazing, astonishing. .Cavern, cave ; from what derived ? Sublime, grand, lofty, elevated. Strip, divest, decorticate, reduce to nudity. Costume, dress, fashionable garb. Court dress, dress worn at courts. Table-rock, rock with a flat surface. -Brow, arch of hair over the eye, forehead, edge of any high place. Nature. Is nature here personified? Fitting, suitable, convenient, proper. Jutting, projecting, imminent, sticking out. -Yawned, gaped open, oscitated. Cataract, fall of waters over rocks. Headlong, plunging down, coming from abore. Very skies. What figure is here used I See App. .Drenched, drained, wet through. 22 254 SEQUEL TO THE of the stream ; our breath was checked by the violence rf che wind, which for a moment scattered away the clouds of spray, when a full view of the torrent, rain- ing down its diamonds in infinite profusion, opened up- on us. Nothing could equal the flashing brilliancy of the spectacle. The weight of falling waters made the very rock beneath us tremble, and from the cavern that received them issued a roar, as if the confined spirits of all who had ever been drowned joined in a united scream for help ! Here we stood, in the very jaws of Niag- ara, deafened by an uproar, whose tremendous din seemed to fall upon the ear in tangible and ceaseless strokes, and surrounded by an unimaginable and op- pressive grandeur. My mind recoiled from the immen- sity of the tumbling tide ; and thought of time and eter- nity, and felt that nothing but its own immortality could rise against the force of such an element. The guide now stopped to take breath. He told us, hallooing in our ears at the top of his voice, "that we must turn our heads away from the spray when it blew against us, draw the hand downwards over our face, if we felt giddy, and not rely too much on the loose pieces of rock." With these instructions, he began to conduct us, one by one, beneath the sheet. A few steps farther, and the light of the sun no longer shone upon us. There was a grave-like twilight, which enabled us to see our way, when the irregular blasts of wind drove the water from us ; but most of the time it was blown upon us from the sheet with such fury, that every drop seemed a sting, and in such quantity, that the weight seemed al- most insupportable. My situation was distracting; it grew darker at every step, and in addition to the gene- ral tremor with which every thing in the neighborhood of Niagara is shudder! n jr, I could feel the shreds and splinters of the rock, yield as I seized them for support, and my feet were continually slipping upon the slimy stones. I was obliged, more than once, to have recourse to the prescription of the guide to cure my giddiness ; and though I would have given the world to retrace my steps, I felt myself following his darkened figure, van- ishing before me, as the maniac, faithful to the phan- toms of his illusion, pursues it to his doom. All my fac- ANALYTICAL READER. 255 -Diamonds, precious minerals, sparkling waters. Profusion, abundance, extravagance, plenty. Spectacle, scene, sight, view, exhibition. .Brilliancy, lustre, act of emitting light. -Spirits, souls, liquors. Jaws. What does this word represent Niagara to be ? Din, noise, confused rattling, disturbance. Tangible, perceptible to the touch, obvious to the sense. .Unimaginable, inconceivable ; from imagine. Recoiled, withdrew itself, shrunk back. .Immensity, immeasurable quantity ; from immense. .Immortality, everlasting existence ; from mortal. Against the force of, superior to being destroyed by. Element, first principle of any thing, one of the four things composing the material world. -Top, summit, highest tone, topmast peak. -Giddy, dizzy, whirling of the head, light headed. Rely, trust, look for support. Instructions, premonitions. Change it into a verb. Light of the sun. What prevented the sun shining on them ? .Twilight. Why was this twilight like the grave ? .Irregular, inconstant, moveable, fitful. Sheet. What was on the other side of these persons opposite to the sheet 1 Insupportable, intolerable, what cannot be borne. Distracting, bewildering, making one crazy. Tremor, trembling, shuddering. .Shreds, small pieces cut off, fragments. .Seized, laid hold of, took by surprise. Slimy, overspread with slime, slippery, glutinous. .Prescription, instruction, medical receipt. Retrace, trace back. Vanishing, disappearing suddenly, going out of sight. .Maniac, rnad person, lunatic. Illusion, deception, mocking ; from illude. Doom, death, destruction, decree. 256 SEQUEL TO THE ulties of terror seemed strained to their extreme, and my mind lost all sensation, except the sole idea of an universal, prodigious, and unbroken motion. Although the noise exceeded by far the extravagance of my anticipation, I was in some degree prepared for this. I expected too, the loss of breath from tire com- pression of air, though not the suffocation of the spray ; but the wind, the violence of the wind exceeding, as I thought, in swiftness and power, the most desolating hurricane how came the wind there ? there too, in such violence and variety, as if it were the cave of ^Eo- lus in rebellion. One would think that the river above, fearful of the precipice to which it was rushing, in the folly of its desperation, had seized with giant arms up- on the upper air, arid in its half-way course abandoned it in agony. We now came opposite apart of the sheet, which was thinner, and of course lighter. The guide stopped and pointed upward : I looked and beheld the sun, " shorn of his beams," indeed, and so quenched with the multi- tudinous waves, that his faint rays shed but a pale and silvery hue upon the cragged and ever humid walls of the cavern. Nothing can be looked at steadily beneath Niagara. The hand must constantly guard the eye against the showers which are forced from the main body of the fell, and the head must be constantly averted from a steady position, to escape the sudden and vehement blasts of wind. One is constantly exposed to the sudden* rising of the spray, which bursts up like smoke from a furnace, till it fills the whole cavern, and then, condens- ed with the rapidity of steam, is precipitated in rain ; in addition to which, there is no support but the flakes of the rocks, which are constantly dropping off; and noth- ing to stand upon but a bank of loose stones, covered with innumerable eels. Still there are moments when the eye, at one glance, can catch a glimpse at this magnificent saloon. On one side the enormous ribs of the precipice arch themselves with Gothic grandeur more than one hundred feet above our heads, with a rottenness more thaeatening than the waters under which they groaiu From their summit ANALYTICAL READER. 257 Prodigious, amazing, monstrous ; from prodigy. Exceeded, surpassed, was superior to, went be- yond. Extravagance, prodigality, expensiveness, excess. Compression, act of pressing together ; from com- press. Suffocation, stoppage of breath, act of choaking. Desolating, destructive, devastating, fatal. .^Eolus, fabled god of the winds, who confined them in a cave. Rebellion, from rebel, revolt, insurrection. Precipice, headlong steep, perpendicular fall. Desperation, despair, desponding ; from desper- ate. River. What is it made to appear to be 1 Abandoned, betrayed, forsaken, given up. Shorn, cut off. What is the sun made ? Beams. How could they be said to be shorn ? Multitudinous, manifold, numerous. Spell hue, shed a silvery hue ; hew, hew down the tree. Ever-humid, always moist, ever wet. Steadily, for a long time, unwaveringly. -Guard, protect, defend, limitation, men on watch. Forced, propelled, driven out by violence. Averted, turned away, put by. Vehement, ve-he'ment, violent, forcible. Exposed, laid open, made liable. Condensed, made thick, grown close and weighty. Rapidity, velocity, swiftness ; from rapid. Precipitated, thrown headlong, hastened without pre- paration. Innumerable, without number, numberless. .Eels. What kind offish are they ? Saloon, sa-Ioon', spacious parlor, chief apartment. Enormous, huge, very large, unwieldy. Gothic, ancient order of architecture. Ribs, side bones. What does this word make the place 1 Rottenness, cariosity, putrefaction. Groan. Explain the whole figure. 22* 258 SEQUEL TO THE is projected, with incalculable intensity, a silvery flood",, in which the sun seems to dance like a fire-fly. Beneath^ is a chasm of death; an anvil, upon which the hammers of the cataract beat, with unsparing and remorseless might ; an abyss of wrath, where the heaviest doom might find new torment, and howl unheard. We had now penetrated to the inmost recess. A pil- lar of the precipice juts directly out into the sheet, and beyond it no human foot can step but to immediate an- nihilation. The distance from the edge of the falls, to the rock, which arrests our progress, is said to be forty- five feet, but I do not think this has ever been accurate- ly ascertained. The arch under which we passed, is ev- idently undergoing a rapid decay at the bottom, while the top, unwasted, juts out like the leaf of a table. Con- sequently a fail must happen, and, judging from the ap- pearance, may be expected every day ; and this is proo- ably the only real danger in going beneath the sheet. We passed to our temporary home, through the valley which skirts the upper stream, among gilded clouds and rainbows, and wild flowers, and felt, that we had expe- rienced a consummation of curiosity ; that we had look- ed upon that, than which earth could offer nothing to the eye or heart of man, more awful or more magnifi- cent. LESSON LVI1L Niagara. BRAINARD. The thoughts are strange, which crowd into my brain* While I look upward to thee. It would seem As if God poured thee from his hollow hand, And hung his bow upon- thine awful front, And spoke in that loud voice which seemed to him Who dwelt in Patmos for his Savior's sake, The sound of many waters ; and thy flood Had bidden chronicle the ages back, And notch his centuries in the eternal rocks. Deep calleth unto deep. And what are we,. Who hear this awful questioning ; O what ANALYTICAL READER. Projected, made imminent, extended out. Incalculable, immeasurable ; from calculate. Dance. How is the sun made to dance ? Chasm of death, chasm into which it would be death to fall. Hammer and Anvil. What image do we have now 1 Abyss of wrath. What is the meaning ? Recess, retirement, secession, retreat. Juts, extends itself, projects. Immediate, instant, present with regard to time. .Annihilation, death, destruction, nothingness. Arrests, stops, seizes, takes up. Ascertained, found out, known to be true. Evidently, verily, manifestly ; from evident. Undergoing, suffering ; of what is it compounded? Unwasted, undecayed, not mouldered. -Appearance, aspect, demeanor. Temporary, lasting only for a time. Skirts, bounds, extends by the side of. Gilded, tinged with gold, brilliant, sparkling. Rainbows. What produced these ? Consummation, from consummate, completion, per- fection. Curiosity, desire of seeing, inclination to inquiry. Awful, terrible, fearful, tremendous; from awe. Magnificent, grand, sublime, wonderful, vast. Strange, unusual, magnificent, unaccustomed. Brain, head, seat of intellect, matter contained in the skull. Look upward. Why does the writer look upward 1 Hollow hand, see Isaiah, 40: 12. His bow, rainbow, Genesis 9 : 13. Patmos, Island were St. John was banished. Sound of many waters, Revelation 1 : 15. Chronicle, record, make account of. Back, past, preceding. Notch, note down, mark by notches. -Centuries, hundred years, sen'tshu-ries. Deep calleth unto deep. Psalm 42: 7. Questioning, question, and response. 260 SEQUEL TO THE Are all the stirring notes that ever rang From war's vain trumpet, by thy thundering sides^ Yea, what is all the riot man can make In his short life to thy unceasing roar ! And yet, bold babbler, what art thou to Him Who drowned a world, and heaped the waters far Above its loftiest mountains ? A light wave, That breaks and whispers of its Maker's might, LESSON LIX. Importance of Decision of Character. FOSTER. Without decision of character, a human being with powers at best but feeble, is indeed a pitiable atom, the sport of divers and casual impulses. It is a poor and disgraceful thing, not to be able to reply, with some de- gree of certainty, to the simple questions, What will you be 1 What will you do 1 A little acquaintance with mankind, will supply num- berless illustrations of the importance of this character. In many instances, when a determination is adopted, it is frustrated by indecision. A man, for example, re- solves to make a journey to-morrow, which he is not under an absolute necessity to make, but the induce- ments appear this evening so strong, that he does not think it possible he can hesitate in the morning. In the morning, however, these inducements have unaccount- ably lost much of their force. Lrke the sun, that is ris- ing at the same time, they appear dim through a mist ; and the sky lowers, or he fancies that it lowers, the fa- tigue appears formidable ; and he lingers uncertain, till an advanced hour determines the question for him, by the certainty, that it is now too late to go. A man without decision, can never be said to belong to himself; since, if he dared to assert that he did, the puny force of some cause, about as powerful, you would have supposed as a spider, may capture the hapless boas- ter the very next moment, and triumphantly show the futility of the determinations by which he was to have proved the independence of his understanding and.his- ANALYTICAL READER. 261 .Stirring, thrilling, inspiring, exciting. Riot, noise, confusion, unlawful assembly. Unceasing, constant, everlasting ; from cease. Babbler, idle talker, teller of secrets. Drowned a world. When was the world drowned ? Light wave. What reason for calling Niagara a light wave ? What figure of speech is used through all this piece ? Powers, faculties, qualities. A pitiable atom, contemptible cypher, object of com- miseration. Divers, various, diverse, different. Casual, accidental. Impulses, motives, ideas, impressions from other bod- ies. Simple, easy, short, unequivocal. Mankind, the human race, the human species. Illustrations, examples, facts to explain. Frustrated, set aside, disappointed, made nugatory. $pe//journey, necessity, character. Inducements, motives, impulses. Unaccountably, in a manner that cannot be explained. Force, urgency, importance. What is a comparison 1 For what purpose introdu- ced 1 By what words generally ? Are they strong- er than similes ? Is this comparison an appropri- ate one 1 See app. Lowers, 16u s urz, looks gloomy, looks sullen, ie cloud- ed. Formidable, fearful, dreadful. Is this conduct of the undecided man foolish ? Belong to himself, do what he pleases, be under his own control. Puny, weak, insignificant, helpless. About, almost, nearly. Capture, seize, take in its net. What is the allusion here ? Hapless, unhappy, wretched, miserable. Triumphantly, victoriously. Futility, emptiness, vanity. .Independence, fearlessness, boldness, freedom frpm doubt. 262 SEQUEL TO THE will. He belongs to whatever can seize him ; and in- numerable things do actually verify their claim on him, and arrest him as he tries to go along, as twigs and chips floating near the edge of a river are intercepted by eve- ry weed and whirled into every little eddy. Having con- cluded on a design, he may pledge himself to accomplish it, if the five hundred diversities of feeling, which may come within the week, will let him. On the contrary, a man of decisive character, cannot bear to sit still among uncreated decisions and unattempt- ed projects. We wait to hear of his achievements, and are confident we shall not wait long. The possibility, or the means may not be obvious to us, but we know that every thing will be attempted, and that such a mind is like a river, which in whatever manner it is obstructed, will make its way somewhere. It must have cost Ca3sar many anxious hours of deliberation, before he decided to pass the Rubicon, but it is probable he suffered but few hours to elapse after his decision, before he did pass it. One signal advantage possessed by a mind of this character, is, that its passions are not wasted. The whole measure of passion of which any mind, with im- portant transactions .before it, is capable, is not more than enough to supply interest and energy to its practi- cal exertions. As little as possible, therefore, should be expended in a way, that does not augment the force of action. LESSON LX. Courage essential to Decision of Character. FOSTER. A man possessed of a decisive character, says, with a sober consciousness as remote from a spirit of bravado as it is from timidity "thus and thus is my conviction*, and my determination. Now for the phantoms of fear. Let me see them in the face. They will find I am not made of trembling materials. I dare do all that may be- come a man ; I shall firmly confront every thing that threatens me in the prosecution of my purpose, and I am ANALYTICAL READER. 263 Will, power of the rnind, determining faculty. -Verify, show the truth of, make good. Arrest,, seize, lay hold of, a law term. -Intercepted, stopped, recalled, obstructed. -Whirled, carried violently, slung, moved circularly. Five hundred, a definite number for an indefinite. Diversities, varieties, kinds, changes. -Let, hinder, prevent, permit, suffer, stop, allow. On the contrary, to take an opposite view of the sub- ject. Unexecuted, undone, unaccomplished, unfinished. Projects, designs, attempts, objects, calculations. .Achievements, at-tsheve' ments, deeds, exploits, ac- tions. -Confident, not diffident, bold, assured, convinced. Obvious, plain, clear, not difficult, in the way. Obstructed, impeded, stopped, hindered. Make its way, force a passage, cut a channel. Caesar. Give some account of Caesar. See app. Anxious, troubled, solicitous, painful. Rubicon, a small river of Italy. By crossing it Cae- sar began a civil war. Elapse, glide by, pass along. Whence the allusion ? .Advantage, ad-van 7 tadje. -Passions, anger, emotions, feelings, state of mind, love. Is decision of character a desirable quality 7 What are some of its advantages ? Is decision of rnind in a wicked man desirable 1 Courage. What do you understand by courage 1 -Possessed of, inheriting, having of, owning. .Consciousness, self-knowledge, internal sense. Bravado, boasting, foolish exultation, glorying. Timidity, fearful ness, bashful ness, improper fear, trembling. Phantoms, scarecrows, images, apparitions, ghosts. Dare do, ready to undertake, not afraid to engage in. May become, is proper for, is lawful for, is expedient. Confront, meet, engage with, boldly stand up against. Prosecution, execution, suit in law for debt, or damage. 264 SEQUEL TO THE prepared to meet the consequences of it, when it is ac- complished. I should despise a being, though it were myself, who could be held enslaved by the gloomy shapes of imagination, by the haunting recollections of a dream, by the whistling or howling of winds, by the shrieks of owls, by the shades of midnight, or by human words or frowns." In almost all plans of great enterprise, a man must systematically dismiss, at the entrance, every wish to stipulate for safety with his destiny. He voluntarily treads within the precincts of danger, and though it is possible that he may escape, he ought to be prepared with the fortitude of a victim. This is the inevitable con- dition on \vhich heroes, travellers, or missionaries among savage nations, and reformers on a grand scale, must commence their career. Either they must allay their fire of enterprise, or they must hold themselves in readiness to be exploded by it from the world. The last decisive energy of a rational courage which confides in the Supreme Power, is very sublime. It makes a man, who intrepidly dares every thing, that can attack or oppose him within the whole sphere of mortal- ity ; who would retain his purpose unshaken amid the ruins of the world ; who will still press towards his ob- ject, while death is impending over him. It was in the true elevation of this character that Luther, when cited to appear at the diet of Worms, under an assurance of safety from very high authority, said to his friends, who conjured him not to go, and justly brought the example of John Huss, who in a similar situation and under a similar pledge of protection, had, notwithstanding, been burnt alive. "I am called in the name of God to go, and I would go, though I were certain to meet ns many fiends in Worms as there are tiles on the houses." A reader of the bible will not forget Daniel, braving in calm devotion, the decree which consigned him to the den of lions ; or Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego, saying to the tyrant, " We are not careful to answer thee in this matter," when the furnace was in sight. ANALYTICAL READER. 265 Held enslaved, kept under, held in subjection. Shapes, forms, phantoms, appearances, vnin images. Haunting, hant' ing, following, closely pursuing. When are the winds said to whistle 7 Why are they said to howl ! Shriek, shreek, sudden cry. Frowns, frouns, angry looks, fierce countenance. -Shades, place of the deatl, shadows, disembodied spir- its, Entrance, onset, beginning, commencement. .Precincts, pre' singkts, outward limits, boundaries. Victim, sacrifice, martyr. Inevitable, unavoidable, thing that cannot be shunned. -Missionaries, persons sent, heralds of the Gospel. Allay, soften down, moderate. Why are excited feelings compared to fire 1 Exploded, carried off suddenly, blown up. Rational, rash' un-al, reasonable. Enterprise, arduous attempt, to undertake. Supreme Power, Almighty Being. Makes a man, forms a character. -Sphere, sfere, globe, circumference, limits. Ruins, desolations, convulsions. Luther. Give some account of him. See app. Worms, a town in Germany, where met a famous council. -Diet, an assembly of men, food, regimen. -Conjured, acted the parts of conjurers, entreated. John Huss. Relate some facts about him. See app. Burnt alive, suffered at the stake, perished in the flames. Tiles, thin plates of baked clay used to cover houses. What spirit did this answer of Luther show ? Daniel. Give some account of him. Dan. VI. Decree, statute, sentence, edict. . .,* Who put Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego in the furnace 1 Tyrant, oppressive king. Who is mea-nt ? Dan. II. 1-30. Abednego, A-bed' ne-go, "V nf ated 23 Furnace, fur' n!s, an enclosed fire-place. How many times heated ? 266 SEQUEL TO THE LESSON LXI. Influence of Homer's Iliad. WA YLAND. The Iliad of Homer is a work, the adamantine basis of whose reputation, has stood unhurt amid the fluctu- ations of time, and whose impression can be traced through successive centuries on the history of our spe- cies. Who can estimate the result produced by this in- comparable effort of a single mind; who can tell what Greece owes to this first-born of song ! Her breathing marbles, her solemn temples, her unrivalled eloquence, and her matchless verse, all point us to that transcen- dent genius, who by the very splendor of his own efful- gence woke the human intellect from the slumber of ages. It was Homer, who gave laws to the artist ; it was Homer, who inspired the poet ; it was Homer, who thundered in the senate ; and more than all, it was Ho- mer who was sung by the people ; arid hence a nation was cast into the mould of one mighty mind, and the land of the Iliad became the region of taste, the birth place ofthe arts. Nor was this influence confined within the limits of Greece. Long after the sceptre of empire had passed westward, genius still held her court on the banks ofthe Ilyssus, and from the country of Homer gave laws to the world. The light, which the blind old man of Scio had kindled in Greece, shed its radiance over Italy ; and thus did he awaken a second nation to intellectual existence. And we may form some idea of the power which this one work has to the present day exerted over the mind of man, by remarking, "that nation after nation, and century after century, has been able to do little more than transpose his incidents, new name his characters, and paraphrase his sentiments." But considered simply as an intellectual production, who will compare the poems of Homer with the Holy Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments. Where in the Iliad shall we find simplicity and pathos, which will vie with the narrative of Moses, or maxims of con- duct to equal in wisdom the Proverbs of Solomon, or sublimity, which does not fade away before the concep* tions of Job, or David, of Isaiah, or St. John. But I ANALYTICAL READER. 267 Iliad, an epic poem in 24 books, in the Greek guage. Homer, author of the Iliad, first and greatest of Gre- cian poets. , Adamantine, indissoluble, made of adamant, Basis, foundation, standing place, from base. Species, race, subdivision of a general term. Incomparable, in-kom' pa-ra-bl, excellent. Greece. Where is Greece situate ? First-born of song, earliest, of the poets, or of poems. Breathing marbles, statues so like life that they seem to breathe. Unrivalled, unequalled, without a rival. Effulgence, brightness, glowing brilliancy. Artist, profession of an art, skilful man. Inspired, excited, filled with inspiration. Senate, body of counsellors, legislature, senate housei Mould, earth, soil, concretion, form, matrix in which any thing is cast. Court, open place before a house, palace, persons as- sembled for the administration of justice, hall of justice. .Ilyssus, famous river in Greece, celebrated in Greek poetry. -Laws, commands, edicts, an influence. Blind old man. Homer was blind, and led from place to place to recite his poems. Scio, an island of Greece, as interesting on account of the events of modern days, as for its claim to Homer. Italy, the country of the Romans in the south of Eu- rope. -Incidents, occurrences, facts, things which he related, .New-name, name over, give new epithets to. Paraphrase, re-model, re-write, loose commentary. -Scriptures, writings, eminently inspired writings, Bi- ble. -Testament, legacy, record, will. Simplicity, simple writing,natural, unaffected thoughts. Pathos, deep feeling, touching interest. What is meant by the narrative of Moses ? Maxims, rules, short sayings, pithy sentences. i'-** 268 SEQUEL TO THE cannot pursue this comparison. I feel that it is doing wrong- to the mind which dictated the Iliad, and to those other mighty intellects on whom the light of the Holy oracles never shined. Who, that has read his poem, has not observed how he strove in vain to give dignity to the mythology of his time ? Who has not seen how the religion of his country, unable to support the flight of his imagination sunk powerless beneath him. It is the unseen world where the master spirits of our race breathe freely and are at home, arid it is mournful to behold the intellect of Homer striving to free itself from the conceptions of materialism, and then sinking down in hopeless despair to weave fables about Jupiter and Juno, Apollo and Diana. But the difficulties under which he labored are abundantly illustrated by the fact, that the light, which he poured upon the human intellect taught other ages how unworthy was the pagan religion of the man, who was compelled to use it. LESSON LXII. Eloquence of John Adams. WEBSTER. The eloquence of Mr. Adams resembled his general character, and formed, indeed, a part of it. It was bold, manly, and energetic ; and such the crisis required. When public bodies are to be addressed on momentous occasions, when great interests are at stake, and strong passions are excited, nothing is valuable in speech, far- ther than it is connected with high intellectual and mor- al endowments. Clearness, force, and earnestness are the qualities which produce conviction. True elo- quence, indeed, does not consist in speech. It cannot be brought from far. Labor and learning may toil for it ; but they will toil in vain. Words and phrases may be marshalled in every way, but they cannot compass it. It must exist in the man, in the subject, and in the oc- casion. Affected passion, intense expression, the pomp of declamation, all may aspire after it they cannot reach it. It comes, if it come at all, like the outbreak- ing of a fountain from the earth, or the bursting forth AJNALYT1CAL READER. 269 -Dictated, commanded, composed, uttered forth. Oracles, something delivered by supernatural wisdom. Mythology, heathen religion, system of pagan wor- ship. Flight, soaring, running away, course. Whence the allusion 1 Powerless, helpless, weak. What is the derivation ? Master spirits, mighty geniuses, illustrious men. At home. Why is the mind of man said to be at home in eternity ? Materialism, doctrine that the soul is made of matter. -Weave, make cloth in a loom, fashion, form, contrive. Jupiter, chief god of the pagans, supreme god of Greece and Rome. Juno, fabulous wife of Jupiter, and queen of the gods. Apollo, heathen divinity, god of music, eloquence and poetry. Diana, fabled goddess of hunting, sometimes the moon is called Diana. Illustrated, explained, cleared up, made plain. Intellect, soul, mind, intellectual faculties. Compelled, influenced, obliged. John Adams. What do you know of him 1 Energetic, powerful, full of energy. Crisis, the decisive moment, important point of time. -Bodies, corporeal frames, assemblies of men. Momentous, most important ; from moment. At stake, exposed, in danger of being lost. Intellectual. What is the difference between intel- lectual and moral ? Labor and learning. For what are these abstract terms put ? Phrases, sentences, expressions, idioms. Marshalled. What is the source of this imagery? -Compass, encircle, besiege, grasp, circle, extent, in- strument. Pomp, display, parade, vain show, grandeur. Aspire, reach, airn*, be desirous, exercise ambition. Outbreakings, bursting forth, sudden gush ; from out and break. Volcanic fires. What do you know of volcanoes ? 23* 270 SEQUEL TO THE of volcanic fires with spontaneous, original, native force. The graces taught in the schools, the costly ornaments, and studied contrivances of speech, shock and disgust men, when their own lives, and the fate of their wives, their children, and their country, hang on the decision of the hour. Then words have lost their power, rhetor- ic is vain and all elaborate oratory contemptible. Even genius itself then feels rebuked, and subdued, as in the presence of higher qualities. Then, patriotism is elo- quent; then self-devotion is eloquent. The clear con- ceptions, outrunning the deductions of logic, the high purpose, the firm resolve, the dauntless spirit, speaking on the tongue, beaming from the eye, informing everr feature, and urging the whole man onward, right on- ward to this object this, this is eloquence ; or rather it is something higher than all eloquence, it is action, no- ble, sublime, godlike action. LESSON LXIII. Mount Chamouny : the hour before Sunrise. COLE- RIDGE. Hast thou a charm to stay the morning-star In his steep course ? so long he seems to pause On thy bald awful head, Oh Chamouny ! The Arve and Arveiron at thy base Wave ceaselessly, while thou, dread mountain form, Ridest from forth thy silent sea of pines How silently 1 Around thee and above Deep is the sky and black : transpicuous deep An ebon mass ! methinks, thou piercest it As with a wedge ! But when I look again It seems thine own calm home, thy crystal shrine, Thy habitation from eternity. Oh dread and silent form ! I gazed on thee Till thou, still present to my bodily eye, Didst vanish from my thought. Entranced in prayer, I worshipped the Invisible alone : > Yet thou, methinks, wast working on my soul E'en like some deep enchanting melody, ANALYTICAL READER. . 271 Spontaneous, voluntary, of its own accord, willingly. -Studied, labored, designed, attentively pursued. -Disgust, offend, produce an aversion, ill humor. -Fate, fortune, lot, destiny, irreversible decree. Why, at such a time, do words lose their power ? Contemptible, unworthy, despicable. -Genius, superior mental endowment, protecting pow- er, disposition. Patriotism, devotedriess to one's country, love of coun- try. -Conception, understanding, apprehension, act of con- ceiving. Deductions, consequence, that which is deduced. Dauntless, dandles, fearless, unintimidated, bold. Informing every feature, causing every feature to be intelligent. Urging the whole man, deeply affecting the whole man. Higher. Why is this more impressive than mere speaking 1 Godlike, most powerful, superhuman, superemient.. Morning star, star of the Morning, Jupiter or Venus. Chamouny, sha-mou-ne, high peak of the Alps. Arve' and Arveiron, two smaller peaks. Form, a personification, giving life and action to in- animate objects. .Transpicuous, visible, pervious to the sight. -Ebon, eb' un, hard and valuable wood. .Fiercest, per's^st, penetratest, transfixest, shootest into. -Crystal, clear, hard, transparent, colorless body. .Shrine, case for the deposite of sacred things. Eternity, unknown ages, expressing the enduring na- ture of the mountain. Bodily eye, natural vision, external sense, corporeal organ. Entranced, wrapped up, greatly excited, in ecstacy. Invisible, unseen God, of whom the lone mountain was an apt emblem. Working, acting, suggesting thoughts, silently oper- ating. Enchanting, enrapturing, sweet, endued with charms. 272 SEQUEL TO THE So sweet we know not we are listening to it. But I awake, and with a busier mind And active will, self-conscious, offer now, Not as before, involuntary prayer And passive adoration. Hand and voice Awake, awake ! and thou, my heart, awake ! Green fields, and icy cliffs ! all join my hymn ! And thou, O silent mountain, sole and bare, O ! blacker than the darkness, all the night, And visited all night by troops of stars, Or when they climb the sky, or when they sink, Companion of the morning star at dawn, Co-herald ! wake, oh wake, and utter praise ! Who sank thy sunless pillars in the earth? Who filled thy countenance with rosy light ? Who made thee father of perpetual streams 1 And you, ye five wild torrents fiercely glad, Who called you forth from night and utter death ? From darkness let you loose, and icy dens. Down those precipitous, black, jagged rocks Forever shattered and the same forever ? Who gave you your invulnerable life, Your strength, your speed, your fury, and your joy. Unceasing thunder and eternal foams And who commanded, and the silence came,^ " Here shall the billows stiffen and have rest ?" Ye ice-falls ! ye that from your dizzy heights Adown enormous ravines steeply slope Torrents, methinks, that heard a mighty noise, And stopped at once amidst their maddest plunge. Motionless torrents ! silent cataracts ! Who made you glorious ns the gates of heaven Beneath the keen full rnoon ? Who bade the sun Clothe you with rainbows ? Who with lovely flowers Of living blue spread garlands at your feet 1 God ! God ! the torrents like a shout of nations Utter ; the ice-plain bursts, and answers, God! God ! sing the meadow streams with gladsome voice And pine groves with their soft and soul-like sound ! The silent snow-mass, loosening, thunders, God ! Ye dreadless flowers, that fringe the eternal frost ! ANALYTICAL READER. 273 Melody, delicious song, mellifluous strain. Awake, break the enchantment, come out of the revery. .Busier, livelier, faculties more engaged. Offer, give, reach out, raise up. Involuntary, instinctive, without the exercise of will. What inspired poet calls upon all tilings to praise God/ See Ps. 148. Hand and voice, visible signs of prayer and praise. Heart, all my affections and sympathies. Blacker, darker, an image similar to the " blackness of darkness." Troops of stars, clusters, constellations, image taken from troops of soldiers. Sink, fall from the zenith, go down from the meridian. Co-herald, associated crier, joined with the morning star. Sunless, unvisited by the sun, impervious to his rays, Rosy, fragrant, whence the origin of the allusion 1 Father, source, origin, instrumental cause. .Perpetual, constant, never-failing, perennial. Torrents, roaring, dashing streams. Glad. Why are streams said to be affected with joy ? -Utter, proclaim, announce, deepest, profoundest. .Precipitous, headlong, steep, like a precipice. Jagged, jag'-ged, uneven, denticulated, rough. .Invulnerable, invincible, not pervious to wounds. What are the characteristics of this description 1 Why are the waters likened to thunder ? Here shall, &c, See Job 38 : 11. Jer. 5 : 22. Ice-falls, masses of ice exposed to fall. Dizzy, high, lofty, giddy. Enormous, very large, immeasurable, wicked. Stopped, suddenly frozen, instantly congealed. Maddest, wildest, most insane. Cataracts, falls of water, hardened and steep masses of ice. Gates of heaven, Rev. xxi. 21. Describe them. Keen, sharp, beaming bright, clear. Bade, bad, commanded, ordered. Clothe, adorn, deck. Is it used figuratively, or not t Rainbows. For the source of this imagery, see Rer, X. 1. 274 SEQUEL TO THE Ye wild goats, bounding by the eagle's nest ! Ye eagles, playmates of the mountain blast ! Ye lightnings, the dread arrows of the clouds. Ye signs and wonders of the elements, Utter forth God ! and fill the hills with praise ! And thou, oh silent form, alone and bare, Whom as I lift again my head, bowed low In silent adoration, I again behold, And lo, thy summit upward from the base Sweep slowly, with dim eyes suffused with tears,- Awake thou mountain form ! Rise like a cloud, Rise, like a cloud of incense, from the earth ! Thou kingly spirit, throned among the hills, Thou dread Ambassador from earth to heaven, Great Hierarch, tell thou the silent sky, And tell the stars, and tell the rising sun, Earth with her thousand voices calls on God. LESSON LXIV. Practical effects of an unrestrained Imagination. BRA- MAN. Breaking loose from the restraints of reason, and the tyranny of unyielding fact, where the light of experi- ence cannot follow her, imagination melts away the, midnight of our prospects ; and forms scenes of enchant- ing lustre and beauty, where hope expires in the rap- ture which nourished it. She builds a fabric of happi- ness on all future years of life, and as one portion after another of them rolls away, this fabric tumbles, piece- meal, to ruins. She binds together in a robe of joy, the succession of future moments, which man in the sober and toilsome progress of life, must unravel, and bind up again in sorrow. What object of human ambition has she not wrapt in illusion ? Where is the sagacity which she has not eluded ? where is the wisdom which she has not taken captive, and equipped herself in its spoils ? where is the proud and mighty intelligence, over which she has not held a voluntary, but omnipotent maste- ry? ANALYTICAL READER. 275 Garlands, wreaths of branches or flowers. .Gladsome, jocund, joyful, glad, exulting. -Soul-like, still, rational, intelligent, gentle. -Dreadless, fearless, blooming without danger. Eagle's nest. Where does the eagle build his nest ? Of what is the eagle an emblem ? -Mountain, lofty eminence, high, soaring. -Blast, sudden gust of wind, mildew, explosion of a mine. -Arrows, javelins. What resemblance between light- nings and arrows 1 Elements, first principles, air, earth, fire and water. Spell again, a-gen, cloud, cloud. Adoration, praise, homage, reverential worship. -Base, foundation, low, vile, to found. Suffused, dimmed, moistened. -Incense, perfume offered upon a shrine, provoke. Throned, placed, seated. Whence the allusion ? Is it a bold one ? Ambassador, legate, delegate, minister plenipotentia- ry. .Hierarch, hi' e-rark, the chief of a sacred order. Silent, still. Why is the sky said to be silent ? What are the great excellencies of this piece of poetry? .Tyranny, tir' ran-e, rigorous command, severity. .Imagination, power of representing absent things. Enchanting, bewitching, charming, bewildering, fas- cinating. Rapture, ecstacy, transport, violence of passion. Fabric, fab 7 rick, building, edifice. She builds. To what is imagination here likened 1 Rolls away. Years of life are compared to what ? Piece-meal, in fragments, in pieces. Unravel, disentangle, extricate, clear. -Wrapt, rolled together, bound up, transported. Eluded, escaped, outwitted, been too cunning for. .Sagacity, wisdom, cunning, discretion. Equipped, armed. What does Imagination become like here ? Voluntary, willing, acting without compulsion. Mastery, power, control, superiority ; from master. Omnipotent, most powerful, almighty ; proper only to the Creator, 276 SEQUEL TO THE Who, among the most stern of all the sons of science, has she not mocked with fantastic dreams ? The path of every man, down to the regions. of death, is marked with the ruin of withered hopes, and the dissolution of bright prospects. He sometimes looks back and finds the gloom of his track relieved here and there, with the fragments of scattered visions, luminous spots which guide the lingering memory down his past years, till it is lost in the darkness of his original. What does he do in this pause of reason, when the phantom, which deluded him is broken, when the brightness which dwelt on his vision is extinct, and he sees under it the grave of his happy expectations, like the fleeing away of that glaring and vapoury radiance, which exhales from the rottenness of death ? From those gleams of light, which burst on the retrospection of memory, fancy kindles anew her fires ; she glows with new fervor, expands in- to new images of magnificence, drags down rebellious rea- son from its throne, and binds it into a reluctant, half-con- senting, willing, delightful slavery ; he follows her down to the vale of death, she starts back from the cold, im- moveable form of the monarch of dissolution, and flies away forever. There is always going on a reciprocal agency between the imagination and the passions. It is the action of the former that swells the latter to migh- ty force, and immense magnitude. The great poet of the present day, is a striking example of this truth. How bitterly does he complain of a soul, scorched, and withered by its heart's fire ! Other poets can expand their minds to the broad impress of nature, and feel satisfied ; but not so with him. He gazes till his whole soul is transfused into the object of his contemplation. He does not rest satisfied till he has breathed his spirit into the cumbrous mass of inert matter, and felt it heave and groan with mental life. He has a restless and in- sane thirsting after the whole riches of the moral and material world, and an aspiration to enlarge himself to ubiquity. In him is mingled the strongest desire of life, with an utter loathing of every object for which it is worth preservation. Who has not felt the power of his imagination ? who, when he has encountered some of those strange ANALYTICAL READER. 277 Fantastic, irrational, fanciful, bred only in the imag- ination. Path. To what is the life of man here compared ? Dissolution, melting away, destruction, act of becom- ing liquid. Relieved, made bright, aided by the interposition of something unlike. Luminous, bright, shining, emitting light. Visions What are they represented to be 1 Original, beginning, origin, fountain, source. Deluded, deceived, mocked, derided. Vision, sight, dream, view, seeing. .Extinct, gone out, expired, extinguished. .Radiance, brightness, illumination, brilliancy. Exhales, arises, breathes out, is emitted. Death. The figure is taken from an appearance sometimes seen in old grave yards. .Retrospection, looking backwards, act of viewing what is past. Expands, widens, opens, grows more extensive. ^ Its throne. What is reason here called ? Reluctant, averse, striving against. .Immoveable, fixed, firm, what cannot be moved. Monarch. What is death made to resemble 1 Reciprocal, mutual, alternate, interchangeable. Agency, influence, action, state of being in action. Magnitude, greatness, grandeur, comparative bulk. -Scorched, burned. Whence the figure ? Withered, faded, shrunk away, wrinkled. Impress, stamp, device, mark made by pressure. Transfused, poured out, spread over. Contemplation, meditation, studious thought. .Cumbrous, troublesome, oppressive, burthensome. Inert, dull, sluggish, motionless. Insane, crazy, delirious, irrational, Aspiration, ardent wish, breathing after. /Ubiquity, yft-bik' we-te, existence at the same time in all places. Miniited, mixed, united, confounded. Preservation, act of preserving ; from preserve. Who, interrogation, denoting the strongest affirmation. Encountered, met face to face, attacked. 24 278 SEQUEL TO THE combinations of words, through which the flashing of his soul escapes to the world, has not had to gather the whole might of his mind, ere he could swell it to grasp the full strength and magnitude of his thought ?"who, when falling on some of those expressions whose inten- sity seems to have absorbed the very objects which they designate, has not drank into overwhelming, ere he could exhaust the bursting fulness of the meaning? What but an imagination wider than the domain, and richer than the forms of universal nature, could frame scenes of such amazing magnificence, from whence there comes on the soul such an overwhelming rush of mighty and awful grandeur ? Oh! who would covet the volcano of such a bosom ? who would trust his under- standing to the control of swch tremendous power ? whose thoughts would not be scattered to insanity as he tried to gather them round the rage and lightning im- pulse of his high wrought passion, when this giant spir- it was contending with some phantom thrown out from the vast creation of his fancy ? 80 familiar have such majestic visions become to him, that the society of men and the scenery of nature can offer nothing which can beguile him from the misery of his craving appetite, He tramples with proud disdain on the ordinary feelings of men, and his grand and majestic spirit rises over its blasted and withered sensations like the tall pyramid of the desert, in which the combined influence of pow- er and desolation and sublimity send a deep awe through the spirit. You will sometimes meet with such breathings of intense misery, as will almost make com- passion pause in astonishment, and forget to weep. Then comes out mingled rage and sullen defiance a- gainst that Almighty mind, who kindled the spark with- in him, which he cannot quench. Now he would pro- voke the thunder of omnipotence, if that thunder could blast him to annihilation. Then comes forth the lofty ardor of a soul exulting in fanatic pride at that distinc- tion of suffering, which would dislodge an ordinary soul from its tabernacle of clay. Now he overflows with such a tenderness of feelings, with such an admi- ration of heaven, as would almost exhaust your emo- tion, then he pours forth spite, and scorn, and bitter- ness, at those ties, which connect him with humanity. ANALYTICAL READER. 279 Flashing of his soul. What is his soul like ? -Might, power, strength, energy. Grasp, gripe, seize, catch at, hold in the hand. .Intensity, excess, state of being affected to a high de- gree. Absorbed, swallowed up, drunk in. Designate, mark out, indicate, make known. Domain, dominion, empire, possession. Universal, all, comprehending every thing. Magnificence, grandeur, splendor. -Rush, violent course, plant. Covet, desire, wish to possess, seek. Volcano, burning mountain. Bosom. What is it represented to be 1 Tremendous, dreadful, horrible, terrible. Impulse, mov ment, like what is it ? Wrought, ravvt, effected, actuated, excited, raised. Giant, mighty, powerful, like a giant. .Scenery, prospects, views, landscapes. .Beguile, allure, deceive, lead astray. Craving, hungry, insatiable, excessive* Proud disdain, disdain arising from pride. Sensations, feelings. What are they like ? Pyramid, tall, regular, solid figures, found in Egypt. Sublimity, loftiness of feeling, height ; from sublime* Awe, aw, reverence, reverential fear. Breathings, glowings, aspirations, inspirations. Compassion. What is it represented to be 1 Defiance, challenge, invitation to fight, expression of contempt. Spark within him. What is that spark ? Provoke, challenge, make angry. .Annihilation, an-ni-he-la' shun, act of reducing to nothing. Fanatic, fa-nat' ik, enthusiastic, superstitious. Dislodge, remove, turn from his lodging ; from lodge. .Tabernacle, tenement, habitation, tent, dwelling. Admiration, ad-me-ra' shun, act of admiring, wonder. Emotion, feelings, excited feeling, sensation. Spite, malice, rancor, hate, malignity. -Humanity, nature of man, human kind, benevo- lence. 289 SEQUEL TO THE Take another instance of the operation of imagina- tion on those, who are called fanatics or enthusiasts* How often has it swept over the moral world with a des- olation like that which follows the irresistible course of the whirlwind how has it concentrated the whole man to one point, how with a firm, and giant grasp it seizes and amalgamates the energies of various passions, and aiming at some object, no matter whether great or small, real or unreal, it bursts forth like the flaming ebullition of a volcano, and heating the surrounding mass of mind rolls on it in a flood of fire and lays in ruins those institutions which the pride of wisdom has reared on the foundation of ages. If it were not irreverent on such a subject as this, I could mention how Cowper suffered from the delusions which magnified his distress beyond the actual reality of his guilt ; how every passage of holy writ, spoke damnation to his soul : how every event of his life was a messenger of Almighty vengeance ; how he read scorn and loathing in every eye that looked on him ; how even the most trifling action of his life assumed a magnitude of iniquity, which ontmeasured the guilt of sa- tan, and rung the thunders of the last sentence in his ears. Physical derangement affects the imagination when it becomes a source of exquisite suffering. One so af- fected, I have seen, the victim of a causeless sorrow, causeless, I say, for no guilty remembrance, was the se- cret which haunted him, no dread of calamity, which weighed him down ; but a darkness deep and dreadful had settled on his understanding ; the fearful agony of his countenance bespoke an unknown something, which gnawed within him ; the sound of his voice went through you like the tones of despair : his breath was like the sigh and grasp of a death-bed just at that sol- emn and dread moment when the soul passes from time into eternity. The healing voice of sympathy he heard not, the distress which met him in the looks of one who felt with him, and wept with him, and suffered with him, lie regarded not ; or if he did, it was with a heave and swell of agonizing feeling, which I know not if it had not burst his bosom asunder ; but he could weep ; he did weep, and his visage resumed the sullen quiet of de- spondence, the gloom of utter hopelessness. ANALYTICAL HEADER. 281 Operation, act of working ; from operate. Enthusiasts, 6n-/uV zhe-asts, persons ot heated imag- inations. Moral world, world of men, in distinction from the natural world. Irresistible, most powerful, what cannot be resisted. Amalgamates, makes one, unites metals quickly. .Energies, powers, strength, influences. Unreal, fictitious, feigned, fanciful. .Ebullition, boiling up with heat, intestine motion. Flood of fire, figure from the lava, or streams of fire from a volcano. .Reared, erected, raised, elevated. Foundation, from found. Irreverent, without due respect, not paying proper homage, unbecoming. Delusions, deceptions, mockings ; from delude. -Magnified, made greater, enlarged, increased, exalted. -Passage, sentence, expression, place of crossing. Event, act, deed, end, issue. Messenger, bearer of a message, one who carries an errand. Vengeance, wrath, punishment. Rung, sounded as from a bell. Last sentence. What does this mean 1 Physical, natural, relating to the body, corporeal. Derangement, disorder, delirium, insanity. Exquisite, consummate, far sought, most excessive. Causeless, without cause. Guilty remembrance, remembrance of guilt. Haunted, ban 7 ted, frequented, was much about. Calamity, misfortune, miserable accident. Bespoke, indicated, ordered a thing beforehand, Gnawed. Of what creature is this peculiarly used ? Tones of despair. What kind of tones are they ? Spell solemn, sol'em, heard, herd. Met him, came to his view, was seen by him. Regarded, heeded, respected, esteemed. Agonized, most distressed ; from agony. Visage, countenance, aspect, rnein. Sullen, gloomy, angry, sluggishly discontented. Hopelessness, despair, without hope. 24* SEQUEL TO THE LESSON LXV. Exercises on Inflection. PORTER'S ANALYSIS. The disjunctive (or) has the rising. inflection before, and the falling after it. Then said Jesus unto them, I will ask you one thing ; Is it lawful on the sabbath days to do good, or to do evil ? to save life, or to destroy it ? Whether we are hurt by a mad or a blind man, the pain is still the same. Arid with regard to those who are undone, it avails little whether it be by a man who deceives them, or by one who is himself deceived. The direct question has the rising inflection, and the answer has the falling. Is not this the carpenter's son ? is not his mother call- ed Mary ? and his brethren, James, and Joses, and Si- mon, and Judas 1 and his sisters, are they not all with us? Are we intended for actors in the grand drama of e- ternity ? Are we candidates for the plaudit of the ration- al creation ? Are we formed to participate the supreme beatitude in communicating happiness ? Are we destin- ed to t co-operate with God in advancing the order and perfection of his works ? How sublime a creature then is man ! The following are examples of both question and answer. What, then, what was Caesar's object ? Do we select extortioners, to enforce the laws of equity ? Do we make choice of profligates, to guard the morals of society ? Do we depute atheists, to preside over the rites of religion? I will not press the answer : I need not press the an- swer ; the premises of my argument render it unneces- sary. What would content you ? Talent? No f Enter- prise ? No ! Courage ? No ! Reputation ? No ! Virtue? No ! The men whom you would select, should possess, not one, but all of these. There is not an evil incident to human nature for which the gospel doth not provide a remedy. Are you ignorant of many things which it highly concerns you to know ? The gospel offers you instruction. Have you deviated from the path of duty ? The gospel offers you forgiveness. Do temptations surround you ? The gospel ANALYTICAL READER. 288 offers you the aid of heaven. Are you exposed to mise- ry ? It consoles you. Are you subject to death 1 It of- fers you immortality. When (or) is used conjunctively, it has the same inflection before and after it. Canst thou draw out leviathan with a hook ? or his tongue with a cord which thou lettest down 1 Canst thou put a hook into his nose ? or bore his jaw through with a thorn ? Wilt thou play with him as with a bird ? or wilt thou bind him for thy maidens 1 Canst thou fill his skin with barbed irons ? or his head with fish spears ? But should these credulous infidels after all be in the right, and this pretended revelation be all a fable ; from believing it what harm could ensue ? would it render princes more tyrannical, or subjects more ungovernable, the rich more insolent, or the poor more disorderly ? Would it make worse parents or children, husbands or wives ; masters, or servants, friends, or neighbors 1 or would it not make men more virtuous, and, consequent- ly, more happy in every situation 1* Negation opposed to affirmation. Think not, that the influence of devotion is confined to the retirement of the closet and the assemblies of the saints, Imagine not, that, unconnected with the duties of life, it is suited only to those enraptured souls, whose feelings, perhaps, you deride as romantic and visionary. It is the guardian of innocence it is the instrument of virtue it is a mean by which every good affection may be formed and improved. But this is no time for a tribunal of justice, but for showing mercy ; not for accusation, but for philanthro- py ; not for trial but for pardon ; not for sentence and execution, but for compassion and kindness. Comparison and contrast. By honor and dishonor, by evil report and good re- port ; as deceivers, and yet true ; as unknown, and yet well known ; as dy'ing, and behold we live ; as chasten- ed, and not killed ; as sorrowful, yet always rejoicing ; as poor, yet making many rich ; as having nothing, and yet possessing all things. *The last or is disjunctive, 234 SEQUEL TO THE The most frightful disorders arose from the state of feudal anarchy. Force decided all things. Europe was one great field of battle, where the weak struggled for freedom, and the strong for dominion. The king was without power, and the nobles without principle. They were tyrants at home, and robbers abroad. Nothing remained to be a check upon ferocity and violence. Homer was the greater genius ; Virgil the better ar- tist : in the one, we most admire the man ; in the other, the work. Homer hurries us with a commanding im- petuosity ; Virgil leads us with an attractive majesty. Homer scatters with a generous profusion; Virgil be- stows with a careful magnificence. Homer, like the Nile, pours out his riches with a sudden overflow ; Vir- gil, like a river in its banks, with a constant stream. And when we look upon their machines, Homer seems, like his own Jupiter in his terrors, shaking Olympus, scattering the lightnings, and firing the heavens ; Vir- gil, like the same power in his benevolence, counselling with the gods, laying plans for empires, and ordering his whole creation. Dryden knew more of man in his general nature, and Pope in his local manners. The notions of Dryden were formed by comprehensive speculation, those of Pope by minute attention. There is more dignity in the knowl- eflge of Dry'den, and more certainty in that of Pope. Poetry was not the sole praise of either ; for both ex- celled likewise in prose ; but Pope did not borrow his prose from his predecessor. The style of Dryden is capricious and varied ; that of Pope is cautious and uniform. Dryden obeys the motions of his own mind ; Pope constrains his mind to his own rules of composi- tion. Dryden is sometimes vehement and rapid ; Pope is always smooth, uniform, and gentle. Dryden's page is a natural field, rising into inequalities, and diversifi- ed by the varied exuberance of abundant vegetation; Pope's is a velvet lawn, shaven by the scythe, and lev- elled by the roller. Dryden's performances were al- ways hasty ; either excited by some external occasion, or extorted by domestic necessity : he composed with- out consideration, and published without correction. What his mind could supply at call, or gather in one ANALYTICAL HEADER. 285 excursion, was all that he sought and all that he gave. The dilatory caution of Pope enabled him to condense his sentiments, to multiply his images, and to accumu- late all that study might produce, or chance might sup- ply. If the flights of Dryden, therefore, are higher, Pope continues longer on the wing. If of Dryden'sfire, * the blaze is brighter ; of Pope's the heat is more regular and constant. Dryden often surpasses expectation, and Pope never falls below it. Dryden is read with frequent astonishment, and Pope with perpetual delight. The pause of suspension requires the rising inflection. A guilty or a discontented mind, a mind, ruffled by ill fortune, disconcerted by its own passions, soured by neglect, or fretting at disappointments, hath not leisure to attend to the necessity or reasonableness of a kind- ness desired, nor a taste for those pleasures which wait on beneficence, which demand a calm and unpolluted heart to relish them. The indirect question and its answer have the falling inflection. Whether of the twain will ye that I release unto you,; They said, Barabbas. Pilate saith unto them, What shall I do then with Jesus, which is called Christ i They all say unto him, Let him be crucified. And the gover- nor said, Why j what evil hath he done i But they cri- ed out the more saying, Let him be crucified. Language of authority, surprise, denunciation and reprehension. How long wilt thou sleep, O sluggard ? when wilt thou arise out of thy sleep ? Yet a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to sleep: So shall thy poverty come as one that travelleth, and thy want as an armed man. Emphatic succession of particulars. Rejoice evermore, pray without ceasing : in every thing give thanks : for this is the will of God in Christ Jesus concerning you. Quench not the Spirit: De- spise not prophesyings. Prove all things ; hold fast that which is good. SEQUEL TO THE LESSON LXVI. AMERICANISMS. Pi CKERING. Americanism denotes a use of phrases or terms, or a construction of sentences, even among persons of rank and education, [in America] different from the use of the same terms and phrases, or the construction of sim- ilar sentences in Great Britain. To Admire, to like very much, to be very fond of. This verb is much used in New JSngland, in expressions like the following : I should admire to go to such a place; I should admire to have such and such a thing. It is never thus used by the English ; and among us it is confined to the language of conversation. \ To Arrive. It is remarked by Englishmen, that we in many cases employ the auxiliary verb to have with this and some other verbs of a similar nature, with which the English more commonly use the auxiliary to be ; as, for instance we have now arrived at the end of a labori- ous task while the English would say, we are now ar- rived, &c. Awful. This word is often applied in New England, not to what creates surprise, but dislike or disgust, as of a disagreeable medicine, it is an awful medicine ; of an uglj woman, an awful looking woman ! of a cold wind, an awful wind. To Calculate, to expect, suppose, think ; as, I cal- culate to leave town to-inorrow, I calculate he will do such a thing. An English traveller thus ridicules, the use of this arid some other words, in the country towns of New England. "The crops are progressing, says Nathan, though I calculate as how this is a prodigious weedy soil." Clever. By clever, Americans generally mean, only goodness of disposition, worthiness, or integrity with- out the least regard to capacity ; and it is sometimes ap- plied where there is an acknowledged simplicity or me- diocrity of character, as a clever man, a clever woman. In England, clever always means capacity, and may be joined either to a good or bad disposition. It is very common in England to say, He is a very clever fellow, ANALYTICAL READER. 287 but I am sorry to say it, he is also a great rogue. In speaking of any thing but man, we use the word much as the English do. Cleverly. This is much used in some parts of New England, instead of well, or very well. In answer to the common salutation, how do you do 1 we often hear, Cleverly. Composuist, a writer, composer. This extraordi- nary word has been much used at some of our colleges, but very seldom elsewhere. It is now rarely heard. To Conduct. This verb is very commonly used in New England, both in conversation, and by our writers, without the personal pronoun ; as, he conducts well, for, he conducts himself well. He was obliged to conduct, so as not to give offence. But this is a corrupt idiorn and ought to be entirely avoided. Considerable. This word is still frequently used in the manner pointed out by Dr. Witherspoon in the fol- lowing remark : He is considerable of a surveyor ; con- siderable fit may be found in the country. Corn. Tins word, in many parts of the United States, and particularly in Neic-England, signifies exclusively Indian corn, or maize, which has been the principal sost of corn cultivated in those parts of the country. Wheat, rye, and the other sorts of corn, are generally called grain, and frequently English grain. In England, corn is a general term, and means all sorts of grain that are used for bread. The meal of Indian corn, (which we call Indian meal) is in England generally called Indian corn meal. County. In speaking of counties, the names of which are compounded of the word shire (for example, Hamp- shire, Berkshire* <&c.) we say the county of Hampshire, the county of Berkshire, &c. In England, they would say, either Hampshire, or Berkshire, simply, without the word county ; or, the county of Hants, the county of Berks, &c. The word shire of itself, as every body knows, means county. Curious. This word is often used by the common farmers of New-England, in the sense of excellent or pe- culiarly excellent ; as in these expressions : " These are Curious apples ; this is curious cider," &c. 288 SEQUEL TO THE Decent, tolerable, pretty good ; as, he is a decent scholar; a decent writer; he is nothing more than de- cent. This word has been in common use at some of our colleges, but only in the language of conversation. Desk, a pulpit. An English traveller thus notices the use of this word in Connecticut : " The pulpit, or, as it is here called, the dc*k, was filled by three, if not four clergymen." " They are common to every species of oratory, though of rarer use in the desk." Equally as. Dr. Witherspoon says, this is frequent in conversation and public speaking. It is also to be found in some publications of which it is needless to name the authors ; but it is just as good English to say the most highest mountain in America. To Expect, to suppose, think. Says a writer in the Port Folio, " In most parts of the world, people expect things that are to come ; but in Pennsylvania, more par- ticularly in the metropolis, we expect things that are past. One man tells another, he expects he has had a very pleasant ride. 1 have heard a wise man of Gotham (N. York city) say, he expected Alexander, the Mace- donian, was the greatest conqueror of antiquity." This use of the verb expect has now extended to other parts of the United States. Factory. This is a new word in America, and is doubtless an abbreviation of manufactory ; but its com- mon English meaning is well known to be, " a house or district inhabited by traders in a distant country," and " the traders embodied in one place." Fellow Countrymen. This is a word of frequent use in America. It has been heard in public orations from men of the first character, and may be daily seen in newspaper publications. It is an evident tautology, for the last word expresses fully the meaning of both. If you open any dictionary, you will find the word coun- tryman, signifies one born in the same country. You may say fellow citizens, fellow soldiers, fellow subjects, feilow Christians, but not fellow countrymen. Folks. This old word is much used in New England instead of people or persons. 1. For the persons in one's family; as, in this common phrase how do your folks do ? that is, your family. 2. For people in general; as ANALYTICAL READER. 289 in expressions of this kind ; what do folks think of it ?