SBtknunvmutaintti THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS •<* jlmM]¥''MA Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/bookofnaturemythOOholbrich V FROM THE WIGWAM OF THE GREAT SPIRIT (page 2) § (I fSYCH. UBRARY THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS BY FLORENCE HOLBROOK PRINCIPAL OF FORESTVILLE SCHOOL, CHICAGO BOSTON NEW YORK CHICAGO HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY COPYRIGHT 1902 BY HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN ft Ca ALL RIGHTS RESERVED EDUC UBRAr> CONTENTS. M The Story of the First Humming-bird. Part I. The Great Fire-mountain 1 Part II. The Frolic of the Flames 4 Part III. The Bird of Flame 7 The Story of the First Butterflies 10 The Story of the First Woodpecker 13 Why the Woodpecker's Head is Red 15 Why the Cat always falls upon her Feet 19 Why the Swallow's Tail is Forked 23 Why the White Hares have Black Ears 28 Why the Magpie's Nest is not well built 31 Why the Raven's Feathers Xre Black 34 How Fire was brought to the Indians. Part I. Seizing the Firebrand 36 Part II. The Firebrand in the Forest 40 Part III. The Firebrand in the Pond 41 How the Quail became a Snipe 43 Why the Serpent sheds his Skin 47 Why the Dove is Timid 60 Why the Parrot repeats the Words of Men .... 62 The Story op the First Mocking-bird 66 Why the Tail of the Fox has a White Tip .... 60 The Story of the First Frogs 64 Why the Rabbit is Timid 68 Why the Peetweet cries for Rain 70 Why the Bear has a Short Tail 72 Why the Wren flies Close to the Earth 76 Why the Hoofs of the Deer are Split 79 The Story of the First Grasshopper 83 VI CONTENTS. The Story of the Oriole 86 Why the Peacock's Tail has a Hundred Eyes .... 89 The Story of the Bees and the Flies 93 The Story of the First Moles 96 The Story of the First Ants 98 The Face of the Manito 103 The Story of the First Diamonds 107 The Story of thb First Pearls Ill The Story of the First Emeralds 114 Why the Evergreen Trees never lose their Leaves . 118 Why the Aspen Leaves tremble 122 How THE Blossoms came to the Heather 126 How Flax was given to Men 128 Why the Juniper has Berries 133 Why the Sea is Salt 135 The Story of the First Whitefish . . • 138 Was it the First Turtle ? 142 Why the Crocodile has a Wide Mouth 145 The Story of the Picture on the Vase 150 Why the Water in Rivers is never Still 155 How THE Raven helped Men 160 The Story of the Earth and the Sky 165 How Summer came to the Earth. Part 1 169 Part II 172 The Story of the First Snowdrops . 175 Why the Face of the Moon is White 179 Why all Men love the Moon 184 Why there is a Hare in the Moon 188 The Children in the Moon 193 Why there is a Man in the Moon o 197 The Twin Stars 200 The Lantern and the Fan 204 Vocabulary > 211 PREFACE. In preparing the Book of Nature Myths the de- sire has been to make a second reader which would be adapted to the child's interest, ability, and pro- gress. The subject-matter is of permanent value, culled from the folk-lore of the primitive races ; the vocab- ulary, based upon that of the Hiawatha Primer, is increased gradually, and the new words and phrases will add to the child's power of expression. The naive explanations of the phenomena of nature given by the primitive races appeal to the child's wonder about the same phenomena, and he is pleased and interested. These myths will gratify the child's desire for complete stories, and their intrinsic merit makes them valuable for oral reproduction. The stories have beeii adapted to youthful minds from myths contained in the works of many students of folk-lore whose scholarship is undisputed. Special acknowledgment is due Miss Eva March Tappan for her valuable assistance in the final revision of the text. THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. THE STORY OF THE FIRST HUMMING- BIRD. PART I. THE GREAT FIRE-MOUNTAIN. Long, long ago, when the earth was very young, two hunters were traveling through the forest. They had been on the track of a deer for many days, and they were now far away from the village where they lived. The sun went down and night came on. It was dark and gloomy, but over in the western sky there came a bright light. " It is the moon," said one. " No," said the other. " We have watched many and many a night to see the great, round moon rise above the trees. That is not the moon. Is it the northern lights ? " " No, the northern lights are not like this, and it is not a comet. What can it be?" -3 Ti 2 TfiE B5018: OF NATtJRE MYTHSc It is no wonder that the hunters were afraid, for the flames flared red over the sky like a wigwam on fire. Thick, blue smoke floated above the flames and hid the shining stars. ** Do the flames and smoke come from the wigwam of the Great Spirit?" asked one. " I fear that he is angry with his children, and that the flames are his fiery war-clubs," whispered the other. No sleep came to their eyes. All night long they watched and wondered, and waited in terror for the morning. When morning came, the two hunters were still watching the sky. Little by little they saw that there was a high mountain in the west where the light had been, and above the mountain floated a dark blue smoke. ** Come," said one, " we will go and see what it is." They walked and walked till they came close to the mountain, and then they saw fire shining through the seams of the rocks. THE FIRST HUMMING-BIRDo 3 " It is a mountain of fire," one whispered. " Shall we go on ? " " We will," said the other, and they went higher and higher up the mountain. At last they stood upon its highest point. " Now we know the secret,*' they cried. ** Our people will be glad when they hear this." Swiftly they went home through the for- est to their own village^ " We have found a wonder," they cried. " We have found the home of the Fire Spirit. We know where she keeps her flames to help the Great Spirit and his children. It is a mountain of fire. Blue smoke rises above it night and day, for its heart is a fiery sea, and on the sea the red flames leap and dance. Come with us to the wonderful mountain of fire." The people of the village had been cold in the winter nights, and they cried, " O brothers, your words are good. We will move our lodges to the foot of the magic mountain. We can light our wigwam fires from its flames, and we shall not fear that 4 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. we shall perish in the long, cold nights of winter." So the Indians went to live at the foot of the fire -mountain, and when the cold nights came, they said, ** We are not cold, for the Spirit of Fire is our good friend, and she keeps her people from perishing." PART II. THE FROLIC OF THE FLAMES. For many and many a moon the people of the village lived at the foot of the great fire-mountain. On summer evenings, the children watched the light, and when a child asked, ** Father, what makes it .^ " the father said, " That is the home of the Great Spirit of Fire, who is our good friend." Then all in the little village went to sleep and lay safely on their beds till the coming of the morning. But one night when all the people in the village were asleep, the flames in the moun- tain had a great frolic. They danced upon the sea of fire as warriors dance the war- dance. They seized great rocks and threw THE FIRST HUMMING-BIRD. them at the sky. The smoke above them hid the stars ; the mountain throbbed and trembled. Higher and still higher sprang the dancing flames. At last, they leaped clear above the highest point of the moun- tain and started down it in a river of red fire. Then the gentle Spirit of Fire called, 6 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. " Come back, my flames, come back again ! The people in the village will not know that you are in a frolic, and they will be afraid." The flames did not heed her words, and the riyer of fire ran on and on, straight down the mountain. The flowers in its pathway perished. It leaped upon great trees and bore them to the earth. It drove the birds from their nests, and they fluttered about in the thick smoke. It hunted the wild creatures of the forest from the thickets where they hid, and they fled before it in terror. At last, one of the warriors in the village awoke. The thick smoke was in his nostrils. In his ears was the war-cry of the flames. He sprang to the door of his lodge and saw the fiery river leaping down the mountain. "My people, my people," he cried, "the flames are upon us ! " With cries of fear the people in the village fled far away into the forest, and the flames feasted upon the homes they loved. THE FIRST HUMMING-BIRD. t The two hunters went to look upon the mountain, and when they came back, they said sadly, " There are no flowers on the mountain. Not a bird-song did we hear. Not a living creature did we see. It is all dark and gloomy. We know the fire is there, for the blue smoke still floats up to the sky, but the mountain will never again be our friend." PART III. THE BIRD OF FLAME. When the Great Spirit saw the work of the flames, he was very angry. ** The fires of this mountain must perish," he said. " No longer shall its red flames light the midnight sky." The mountain trembled with fear at the angry words of the Great Spirit. " O father of all fire and light," cried the Fire Spirit, " I know that the fiames have been crueL They killed the beautiful flowers and drove your children from their homes, but for many, many moons they heeded my words and were good and gentle. They drove the 8 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. frost and cold of winter from the wigwams of the village. The little children laughed to see their red light in the sky. The hearts of your people will be sad, if the flames must perish from the earth." The Great Spirit listened to the words of the gentle Spirit of Fire, but he answered, " The fires must perish. They have been cruel to my people, and the little children will fear them now ; but because the children once loved them, the beautiful colors of the flames shall still live to make glad the hearts of all who look upon them." Then the Great Spirit struck the moun- tain with his magic war-club. The smoke above it faded away ; its fires grew cold and dead. In its dark and gloomy heart only one little flame still trembled. It looked like a star. How beautiful it was ! The Great Spirit looked upon the little flame. He saw that it was beautiful and gentle, and he loved it. " The fires of the mountain must perish," he said, " but you, little, gentle flame, shall have wings and fly THE FIRST HUMMING-BIRD. « far away from the cruel fires, and all my children will love you as I do." Swiftly the little thing rose above the mountain and flew away in the sunshine. The light of the flames was still on its head ; their mar- velous colors were on its wings. So from the mountain's heart of fire sprang the first humming-bird. It is the bird of flame, for it has all the beauty of the colors of the flame, but it is gentle, and every child in all the earth loves it and is glad to see it fluttering over the flowers. iO THE BOOK OF NATUEE MYTHS. THE STOEY OF THE FIEST BUTTER- FLIES. The Great Spirit thought, ** By and by I will make men, but first I will make a home for them. It shall be yery bright and beau- tiful. There shall be mountains and prairies and forests, and about it all shall be the blue waters of the sea." As the Great Spirit had thought, so he did. He gave the earth a soft cloak of green. He made the prairies beautiful with flowers. The forests were bright with birds of many colors, and the sea was the home of wonder- ful sea-creatures. " My children will loye the prairies, the forests, and the seas," he thought, " but the mountains look dark and cold. They are yery dear to me, but how shall I make my children go to them and so learn to loye them ? " Long the Great Spirit thought about the mountains. At last, he made many little shining stones. Some were red, some blue, gome green, some yellow, and some were THE FIRST BUTTERFLIES. 11 shining with all the lovely colors of the beautiful rainbow. '* All my children will loye what is beautiful," he thought, " and if I hide the bright stones in the seams of the rocks of the mountains, men will come to find them, and they will learn to loye my mountains." When the stones were made and the Great Spirit looked upon their beauty, he said, ** I will not hide you all away in the seams of the rocks. Some of you shall be out in the sunshine, so that the little chil- dren who cannot go to the mountains shall see your colors." Then the southwind came by, and as he went, he sang softly of forests flecked with light and shadow, of birds and their nests in the leafy trees. He sang of long summer days and the music of waters beating upon the shore. He sang of the moonlight and the starlight. All the won- ders of the night, all the beauty of the morn- ing, were in his song. " Dear southwind," said the Great Spirit " here are some beautiful things for you to 12 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. bear away with you to your summer home. You will love them, and all the little chil- dren will love them." At these words of the Great Spirit, all the stones before him stirred with life and lifted themselves on many-colored wings. They fluttered away in the sunshine, and the southwind sang to them as they went. So it was that the first butterflies came from a beautiful thought of the Great Spirit, and in their wings were all the colors of the shining stones that he did not wish to hide away. THE FIRST WOODPECKER 13 THE STORY OF THE FIRST WOOD- PECKER. In the days of long ago tlie Great Spirit came down from the sky and talked with men. Once as he went up and down the earth, he came to the wigwam of a woman. He went into the wigwam and sat down by the fire, but he looked like an old man, and the woman did not know who he was. **I have fasted for many days,^' said the Great Spirit to the woman. *'Will you give me some food?'' The woman made a very little cake and put it on the fire. '* You can have this cake,'' she said, ''it you will wait for it to bake." ^'I will wait," he said. When the cake was baked, the woman stood and looked at it. She thought, '*It is very large. I thought it was small. I will not give him so large a cake as that." So she put it away and made a small one. **If you will wait, I will give you this when it is baked," she said, and the Great Spirit said, *^ I will wait." U THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. When that cake was baked, it was larger than the first one. " It is so large that I will keep it for a feast," she thought. So she said to her guest, " I will not give you this cake, but if you will wait, I will make you another one.'* " I will wait," said the Great Spirit again. Then the woman made another cake. It was still smaller than the others had been at first, but when she went to the fire for it, she found it the largest of all. She did not know that the Great Spirit's magic had made each cake larger, and she thought, " This is a marvel, but I will not give away the largest cake of all." So she said to her guest, " I have no food for you. Go to the forest and look there for your food. You can find it in the bark of the trees, if you will." The Great Spirit was angry when he heard the words of the woman. He rose up from where he sat and threw back his cloak. "A woman must be good and gentle," he said, " and you are cruel. You shall no longer be a woman and live in a wigwam. You WHY THE WOODPECKER^S HEAD IS RED. 16 shall go out into the forest and hunt for your food in the bark of trees." The Great Spirit stamped his foot on the earth, and the woman grew smaller and smaller. Wings started from her body and feathers grew upon her. With a loud cry she rose from the earth and flew away to the forest. And to this day all woodpeckers live in the forest and hunt for their food in the bark of trees. WHY THE WOODPECKER'S HEAD IS RED. One day the woodpecker said to the Great Spirit, ** Men do not like me. I wish they did." The Great Spirit said, " If you wish men to love you, you must be good to them and help them. Then they will call you their friend/' " How can a little bird help a man ? " asked the woodpecker. " If one wishes to help, the day will come when he can help," said the Great Spirit. 1« THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. The day did come, and this story shows ho^ a little bird helped a strong warrior. There was once a cruel magician who lived in a gloomy wigwam beside the Black- Sea- Water. He did not like flowers, and they did not blossom in his pathway. He did not like birds, and they did not sing in the trees above him. The breath of his nos- trils was fatal to all life. North, south, east, and west he blew the deadly fever that killed the women and the little children. " Can I help them ? " thought a brave warrior, and he said, ** I will find the magi- cian, and see if death will not come to him as he has made it come to others. I will go straightway to his home." For many days the brave warrior was in his canoe traveling across the Black-Sea- Water. At last he saw the gloomy wigwam of the cruel magician. He shot an arrow at the door and called, " Come out, coward ! You have killed women and children with your fatal breath, but you cannot kill a war- rior. Come out and fight, if you are not afraid." WHY THE WOODPECKER'S HEAD IS RED. It The cruel magician laughed loud and long. " One breath of fever,'' he said, ** and you will fall to the earth." The warrior shot again, and then the magician was angry. He did not laugh, but he came straight out of his gloomy lodge, and as he came, he blew the fever all about him. Then was seen the greatest fight that the sun had ever looked upon. The brave war- rior shot his flint-tipped arrows, but the magician had on his magic cloak, and the arrows could not wound him. He blew from his nostrils the deadly breath of fever, but the heart of the warrior was so strong that the fever could not kill him. At last the brave warrior had but three arrows in his quiver. " What shall I do ? " he said sadly. ** My arrows are good ancJ my aim is good, but no arrow can go through the magic cloak." " Come on, come on," called the magician. " You are the man who wished to fight. Come on." Then a woodpecker in a tree above the brave warrior said softly, " Aim 18 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. your arrow at his head, O warrior ! Do not shoot at his heart, but at the crest of feathers on his head. He can be wounded khere, but not in his heart." The warrior was not so proud that he "jould not Ksten to a little bird. The magi- jian bent to lift a stone, and an arrow flew from the warrior's bow. It buzzed and stung like a wasp. It came so close to the crest of feathers that the magician trembled with terror. Before he could run, another arrow came, and this one struck him right on his crest. His heart grew cold with fear. " Death has struck me," he cried. " Your cruel life is over," said the war- rior. " People shall no longer fear your fatal breath." Then he said to the wood- pecker, " Little bird, you have been a good friend to me, and I will do all that I can for you." He put some of the red blood of the magician upon the little creature's head. It made the crest of feathers there as red as flame. " Whenever a man looks upon you," said the warrior, " he will say, * That bird WHY THE CAT FALLS UPON HER FEET. 19 is our friend. He helped to kill the cruel magician/ " The little woodpecker was very proud of his red crest because it showed that he was the friend of man, and all his children to this day are as proud as he was. WHY THE CAT ALWAYS FALLS UPON HER FEET. Some magicians are cruel, but others are gentle and good to all the creatures of the earth. One of these good magicians was one day traveling in a great forest. The sun rose high in the heavens, and he la) down at the foot of a tree. Soft, green moss grew all about him. The sun shining to THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. lirough the leaves made flecks of light and shadow upon the earth. He heard the song of the bird and the lazy buzz of the wasp. The wind rustled the leafy boughs above him. All the music of the forest lulled him to slumber, and he closed his eyes. As the magician lay asleep, a great ser- pent came softly from the thicket. It lifted high its shining crest and saw the man at the foot of the tree. ** I will kill him! '' it hissed. ** I could have eaten that cat last night if he had not called, ' Watch, little cat, watch ! ' I will kill him, I will kill him ! '' Closer and closer the deadly serpent moved. The magician stirred in his sleep. " Watch, little cat, watch ! " he said softly. The ser- pent drew back, but the magician's eyes were shut, and it went closer. It hissed its war-cry. The sleeping magician did not move. The serpent was upon him — no, far up in the high branches of the tree above his head the little cat lay hidden. She had seen the serpent when it came from the thicket. SHE LEAPED DOWN UPON THE SERPENT 22 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. She watched it as it went closer and closer to the sleeping man, and she heard it hiss its war-cry. The little cat's body quivered with anger and with fear, for she was sf little and the serpent was so big. " The ma gician was very good to me," she thought, and she leaped down upon the serpent. Oh, how angry the serpent was ! It hissed, and the flames shot from its eyes. It struck wildly at the braye little cat, but now the cat had no fear. Again and again she leaped upon the serpent's head, and at last the creature lay dead beside the sleeping man whom it had wished to kill. When the magician awoke, the little cat lay on the earth, and not far away was the dead serpent. He knew at once what the cat had done, and he said, " Little cat, what can I do to show you honor for your brave fight? Your eyes are quick to see, and your ears are quick to hear. You can run very swiftly. I know what I can do fot you. You shall be known over the earth 93 the friend of man^ and j^ou shall always WHY THE SWALLOW'S TAIL IS FORKED. 23 have a home in the home of man. And one thing more, little cat : you leaped from the high tree to kill the deadly serpent, and now as long as you live, you shall leap where you will, and you shall always fall upon your feet." WHY THE SWALLOW'S TAIL IS FORKED. This is the story of how the swallow's tail came to be forked. One day the Great Spirit asked all the animals that he had made to come to his lodge. Those that could fly came first : the robin, the bluebird, the owl, the butter- fly, the wasp, and the firefly. Behind them came the chicken, fluttering its wings and trying hard to keep up. Then came the deer, the squirrel, the serpent, the cat, anc the rabbit. Last of all came the bear, the beaver, and the hedgehog. Every one trav* eled as swiftly as he could, for each wished to hear the words of the Great Spirit. ^* J IjavQ caJQed j^ou together/' s^id the 24 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. Great Spirit, "because I often hear you scold and fret. What do you wish me to do for you ? How can I help you ? '* ** I do not like to hunt so long for my food," said the bear. " I do not like to build nests," said the bluebird. ** I do not like to live in the water," said the beaver. " And I do not like to live in a tree," said the squirrel. At last man stood erect before the Great Spirit and said, ** O Great Father, the ser- pent feasts upon my blood. Will you not give him some other food ? " " And why ? " asked the Great Spirit. "Because I am the first of all the crea- tures you have made," answered man proudly. Then every animal in the lodge was angry to hear the words of man. The squirrel chattered, the wasp buzzed, the owl hooted, and the serpent hissed. " Hush, be still," said the Great Spirit. WHY THE SWALLOW'S TAIL IS FORKED. 25 " You are, man, the first of my creatures, but I am the father of all. Each one has his rights, and the serpent must have his food. Mosquito, you are a great traveler. Now fly away and find what creature's blood is best for the serpent. Do you all come back in a year and a day." The animals straightway went to their homes. Some went to the river, some to the forest, and some to the prairie, to wait for the day when they must meet at the lodge of the Great Spirit. The mosquito traveled over the earth and stung every creature that he met to find whose blood was the best for the serpent. On his way back to the lodge of the Great Spirit he looked up into the sky, and there was the swallow. •' Good-day, swallow," called the mos- quito. ** I am glad to see you, my friend," sang the swallow. ** Are you going to the lodge of the Great Spirit ? And have you found out whose blood is best for the serpent ? '* 26 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. " The blood of man," answered the mo»< quito. The mosquito did not like man, but the swallow had always been his friend. ** What can I do to help man ? " he thought. **0h, I know what I can do." Then he asked the mosquito, ** Whose blood did you say ?" " Man's blood," said the mosquito ; ** that is best." " This is best," said the swallow, and he tore out the mosquito's tongue. The mosquito buzzed angrily and went quickly to the Great Spirit. ** All the animals are here," said the Great Spirit. " They are waiting to hear whose blood is best for the serpent." The mosquito tried to answer, " The blood of man," but he could not say a word. He could make no sound but ** Kss-ksss-ksssss ! " ** What do you say ? " ** Kss-ksss-ksssss ! " buzzed the mosquito angrily. All the creatures wondered. Then said the swallow : — WHY THE SWALLOW'S TAIL IS FORKED. 27 " Great Father, the mosquito is timid and cannot answer you. I met him before we came, and he told me whose blood it was." " Then let us know at once,'' said the Great Spirit. " It is the blood of the frog," answered 28 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. the swallow quickly. " Is it not so, friend mosquito ? '* ** Kss-ksss-ksssss ! " hissed the angry mos- quito. " The serpent shall have the frog's blood," said the Great Spirit. " Man shall be his food no longer." Now the serpent was angry with the swallow, for he did not like frog's blood. As the swallow flew near him, he seized him by the tail and tore away a little of it. This is why the swallow's tail is forked, and it is why man always looks upon the swallow as his friend. WHY THE WHITE HARES HAVE BLACK EARS. In the forest there is a beautiful spirit. All the beasts and all the birds are dear to him, and he likes to have them gentle and good. One morning he saw some of his little white hares fighting one another, and each trying to seize the best of the food. WHY WHITE HARES HAVE BLACK EARS. 29 " Oh, my selfish little hares," he said sadly, " why do you fight and try to seize the best of everything for yourselves ? Why do you not live in love together ? " " Tell us a story and we will be good," cried the hares. Then the spirit of the forest was glad. " I will tell you a story of how you first came to live on the green earth with the other animals,'' he said, ** and why it is that you are white, and the other hares are not." Then the little hares came close about the spirit of the forest, and sat very still to hear the story. " Away up above the stars," the gentle spirit began, ** the sky children were all to- gether one snowy day. They threw snow- flakes at one another, and some of the snowflakes fell from the sky. They came down swiftly between the stars and among the branches of the trees. At last they lay on the green earth. They were the first that had ever come to the earth, and no one 30 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. knew what they were. The swallow asked. 'What are they?' and the butterfly an- swered, * I do not know/ The spirit of the iky was listening, and he said, *We call them snowflakes/ " * I never heard of snowflakes. Are they birds or beasts ? ' asked the butterfly. "*They are snowflakes,' answered the spirit of the sky, * but they are magic snow- flakes. Watch them closely.' ** The swallow and the butterfly watched. Every snowflake showed two bright eyes, then two long ears, then some soft feet, and there were the whitest, softest little hares that were ever seen." ** Were we the little white hares ? " asked the listeners. " You were the little white hares," an- swered the spirit, ** and if you are gentle and good, you will always be white." The hares were not gentle and good ; they were fretful, and before long they were scolding and fighting again. The gentle spirit was angry. " I must get a firebrand WHY THE MAGPIE'S NEST IS NOT WELL BUILT. 31 and beat them with it," he said, ** for they must learn to be good/' So the hares were beaten with the fire- brand till their ears were black as night. Their bodies were still white, but if the spirit hears them scolding and fighting again, it may be that we shall see their bodies as black as their ears. WHY THE MAGPIE'S NEST IS NOT WELL BUILT. A LONG time ago all the birds met together to talk about building nests. "Every Indian has a wigwam," said the robin, " and every bird needs a home." ** Indians have no feathers," said the owl, " and so they are cold without wigwams. We have feathers." " I keep warm by fiying swiftly," said the swallow. " And I keep warm by fiuttering my wings," said the humming-bird. " By and by we shall have our little ones," 32 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. said the robin. ** They will have no feathers on their wings, so they cannot fly or flutter ; and they will be cold. How shall we keep them warm if we have no nests ? " Then all the birds said, " We will build nests so that our little ones will be warm.'* The birds went to work. One brought twigs, one brought moss, and one brought leaves. They sang together merrily, for they thought of the little ones that would some time come to live in the warm nests. Now the magpie was lazy, and she sat still and watched the others at their work. " Come and build your nest in the reeds and rushes," cried one bird, but the magpie said ** No.'* " My nest is on the branch of a tree," called another, ** and it rocks like a child's cradle. Come and build beside it," but the magpie said **No." Before long all the birds but the magpie had their nests built. The magpie cried, ** I do not know how to build a nest. Will you not help me ? " The other birds were sorry for her and WHY THE MAGPIE'S NEST IS NOT WELL BUILT. 33 answered, ** We will teach you." The black- bird said, " Put the twigs on this bough; '* the robin said, ** Put the leaves between the twigs ; " and the humming-bird said, " Put this soft green moss oyer it all." " I do not know how," cried the magpie. " We are teaching you," said the other birds. But the magpie was lazy, and she thought, ** If I do not learn, they will build a nest for me." The other birds talked together. ** She does not wish to learn," they said, " and we will not help her any longer." So they went away from her. Then the magpie was sorry. " Come back," she called, *' and I will learn." But U THE BOOlt OF NATURE MYTHS. by this time the other birds had eggs in their nests, and they were busy taking care of them, and had no time to teach the lazy magpie. This is why the magpie's nest is not well built. WHY THE RAVEN'S FEATHERS ARE BLACK. Long, long ago the raven's feathers were white as snow. He was a beautiful bird, but the other birds did not like him because he was a thief. When they saw him coming, they would hide away the things that they cared for most, but in some marvelous way he always found them and took them to his nest in the pine-tree. One morning the raven heard a little bird singing merrily in a thicket. The leaves of the trees were dark green, and the little bird's yellow feathers looked like sunshine among them. ** I will have that bird," said the raven, Uid he seized the trembling little thing. WHY THE RAVEN'S FEATHERS ARE BLACK. 35 The yellow bird fluttered and cried, '' Help, help ! Will no one come and help me!" The other birds happened to be far away, and not one heard her cries. *' The raven will kill me," she called. " Help, help ! " Now hidden in the bark of a tree was a wood-worm. ** I am only a wood-worm," he said to himself, ** and I cannot fly like a bird, but the yellow bird has been good to me, and I will do what I can to help her." When the sun set, the raven went to sleep. Then the wood-worm made his way softly up the pine-tree to the raven's nest, and bound his feet together with grass and pieces of birch-bark. **Fly away," whispered the wood-worm softly to the little yellow bird, " and come to see me by and by. I must teach the raven not to be cruel to the other birds." The little yellow bird flew away, and the wood-worm brought twigs, and moss, and birch-bark, and grass, and put them around 36 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. the tree. Then he set them all on fire. Up the great pine-tree went the flames, leaping from bough to bough. " Fire ! fire ! " cried the raven. " Come and help me ! My nest is on fire ! " The other birds were not sorry to see him flutter. ** He is a thief," said they. " Let him be in the fire." By and by the fire burned the grass and the pieces of birch-bark that fastened his feet together, and the raven flew away. He was not burned, but he could no longer be proud of his shining white feathers, for the smoke had made every one of them as black as night. HOW FIRE WAS BROUGHT TO THE INDIANS. PART I. SEIZING THE FIREBRAND. Oh, it was so cold ! The wind blew the leaves about on the ground. The frost spirit hid on the north side of every tree, and stung every animal of the forest that flow FIRE WAS BROUGHT TO THE INDIANS. 87 came near. Then the snow fell till the ground was white. Through the snowflakes one could see the sun, but the sun looked cold, for it was not a clear, bright yellow. It was almost as white as the moon. The Indians drew their cloaks more and more closely around them, for they had no fire. " How shall we get fire ? " they asked, but no one answered. All the fire on earth was in the wigwam of two old women who did not like the Indians. ** They shall not haye it,'' said the old women, and they watched night and day so that no one could get a firebrand. At last a young Indian said to the others, " No man can get fire. Let us ask the animals to help us." "What beast or what bird can get fire when the two old women are watching it ? " the others cried. ** The bear might get it." " No, he cannot run swiftly." 38 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. " The deer can run." " His antlers would not go through the door of the wigwam." " The raven can go through the door." ** It was smoke that made the raven's feathers black, and now he always keeps away from the fire." " The serpent has not been in the smoke." "No, but he is not our friend, and he will not do anything for us." " Then I will ask the wolf," said the young man. ** He can run, he has no ant- lers, and he has not been in the smoke." So the young man went to the wolf and called, " Friend wolf, if you will get us a firebrand, I will give you some food every day." " I will get it," said the wolf. " Go to the home of the old women and hide be- hind a tree ; and when you hear me cough three times, give a loud war-cry." Close by the village of the Indians was a pond. In the pond was a frog, and near the pond lived a squirrel, a bat, a bear, and HOW FIRE WAS BROUGHT TO THE INDIANS. 39 a deer. The wolf cried, ** Frog, hide in the rushes across the pond. Squirrel, go to the bushes beside the path that runs from the pond to the wigwam of the two old women. Bat, go into the shadow and sleep if you Uke, but do not close both eyes. Bear, do not stir from behind this great rock till you are told. Deer, keep still as a mountain till something happens." The wolf then went to the wigwam of the two old women. He coughed at the door, and at last they said, ** Wolf, you may come in to the fire." The wolf went into the wigwam. He coughed three times, and the Indian gave a 40 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. war-cry. The two old women ran out quickly into the forest to see what had happened, and the wolf ran away with a firebrand from the fire. PART II. THE FJREBRAND IN THE FOREST. When the two women saw that the wolf had the firebrand, they were yery angry, and straightway they ran after him. ** Catch it and run ! " cried the wolf, and he threw it to the deer. The deer caught it and ran. ** Catch it and run ! '' cried the deer, and he threw it to the bear. The bear caught it and ran. " Catch it and fly ! " cried the bear, and he threw it to the bat. The bat caught it and flew. " Catch it and run ! '' cried the bat, and he threw it to the squirrel. The squirrel caught it and ran. ** Oh, serpent," called the two old women. " you are no friend to the Indians. Help us. Get the firebrand away froiu the squirrel/' HOW FIRE WAS BROUGHT TO THE INDIANS. 41 As the squirrel ran swiftly over the ground, the serpent sprang up and tried to seize the firebrand. He did not get it, but the smoke went into the squirrel's nostrils and made him cough. He would not let go of the firebrand, but ran and ran till he could throw it to the frog. When the frog was running away with it, then the squirrel for the first time thought of himself, and he found that his beautiful bushy tail was no longer straight, for the fire had curled it up over his back. ** Do not be sorry,*' called the young In- dian across the pond. ** Wheneyer an Indian boy sees a squirrel with his tail curled up over his back, he will throw him a nut." PART III. THE FIREBRAND IN THE POND. All this time the firebrand was burning, and the frog was going to the pond as fast as he could. The old women were running after him, and when he came to the water, one of them caught him by the tail. " I have caught him ! " she called. 43 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. " Do not let him go ! " cried the other. " No, I will not," said the first ; but she did let him go, for the little frog tore himself away and dived into the water. His tail was still in the woman's hand, but the fire- brand was safe, and he made his way swiftly across the pond. " Here it is," said the frog. " Where ? " asked the young Indian. Then the frog coughed, and out of his mouth came the firebrand. It was small, for it had been burning all this time, but it set fire to the leaves and twigs, and soon the Indians were warm again. They sang and they danced about the flames. At first the frog was sad, because he was sorry to lose his tail ; but before long he was as merry as the people who were dancing, for the young Indian said, ** Little frog, you have been a good friend to us, and as long as we live on the earth, we will never throw a stone at a frog tha^t Ijas no HOW THE QUAIL BECAME A SNIPE. 43 HOW THE QUAIL BECAME A SNIPE. " It is lonely living in this great tree far away from the other birds," said the owl to herself. ** I will get some one to come and live with me. The quail has many children, and I will ask her for one of them." The owl went to the quail and said, "Will you let me have one of your chil- dren to come and live with me ? " ** Live with you ? No," answered the quail. " I would as soon let my child live with the serpent. You are hidden in the tree all day long, and when it is dark, you come down like a thief and catch little animals that are fast asleep in their nests. You shall never have one of my children." ** I loill have one," thought the owl. She waited till the night had come. It was dark and gloomy, for the moon was not to be seen, and not a star twinkled in the sky. Not a leaf stirred, and not a ripple was on the pond. The owl crept up to the quail's home as softly as she could. The young 44 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. birds were chattering together, and she lis- tened to their talk. " My mother is gone a long time," said one. " It is lonely, and I am afraid." "What is there to be afraid of?" asked another. " You are a little coward. Shut your eyes and go to sleep. See me ! I am not afraid, if it is dark and gloomy. Oh, oh ! " cried the boaster, for the owl had seized him and was carrying him away from home and his little brothers. When the mother quail came home, she asked, "Where is your brother.?" The little quails did not know. All they could say was that something had seized him in the darkness and taken him away. " It crept up to the nest in the dark," said one. " And oh, mother, never, never go away from us again ! " cried another. " Do not leave us at home all alone." " But, my dear little ones," the mother said, " how could you have any food if I never went away from our home ? " HOW THE* QUAIL BECAME A SNIPE. 45 The mother quail was yery sad, and she would have been still more sorrowful if she had known what was happening to her little son far away in the owFs nest. The cruel owl had pulled and pulled on the quail's bill and legs, till they were so long that his mother would not have known him. One night the mole came to the quail and said, ** Your little son is in the owl's nest." *' How do you know ? " asked the quail. " I cannot see very well," answered the mole, " but I heard him call, and I know that he is there." ** How shall I get him away from the owl.^ " the quail asked the mole. ** The owl crept up to your home in the dark," said the mole, ** but you must go to her nest at sunrise when the light shines in her eyes and she cannot see you." At sunrise the quail crept up to the owl's nest and carried away her dear little son to his old home. As the light grew brighter, she saw what had happened to him. His 46 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. bill and his legs were so long that he did not look like her son. " He is not like our brother," said the other little quails. ** That is because the cruel owl that carried him away has pulled his bill and his legs," answered the mother sorrowfully. ** You must be yery good to him." But the other little quails were not good to him. They laughed at him, and the quail with the long bill and legs was never again merry and glad with them. Before long he ran away and hid among the great reeds that stand in the water and" on the shores of the pond. " I will not be called quail," he said to himself, "for quails never have long bills and legs. I will have a new name, and it shall be snipe. I like the sound of that name." So it was that the bird whose name was once quail came to be called snipe. His children live among the reeds of the pond, and they, too, are called snipes. WHY THE SERPENT SHEDS HIS SKIN. 47 WHY THE SERPENT SHEDS HIS SKIN. The serpent is the grandfather of the owl, and once upon a time if the owl needed help, she would say, ** My grandfather will come and help me,'* but now he never comes to her. This story tells why. When the owl carried away the little quail, she went to the serpent and said, " Grandfather, you will not tell the quail that I haye her son, will you ? ** " No," answered the serpent, ** I will keep your secret. I will not whisper it to any one." So when the mother quail asked all the animals, " Can you tell me who has carried away my little son ? " the serpent answered, ** I have been sound asleep. How could I know ? " After the quail had become a snipe and had gone to live in the marsh among the reeds, the cruel owl looked everywhere for him, and at last she saw him standing beside a great stone in the water. She went to the serpent and said, 48 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. ** Grandfather, will you do something for me ? " " I will/' hissed the serpent softly. " What is it ? " " Only to take a drink of water," an- swered the owl. " Come and drink all the water in the marsh, and then I can catch the quail that I made into a snipe." The serpent drank and drank, but still there was water in the marsh. " Why do you not drink faster ? " cried the owl. " I shall never get the snipe." The serpent drank till he could drink no more, and still the water stood in the marsh. The owl could not see well by day, and the serpent could not see above the reeds and rushes, so they did not know that the water from the pond was coming into the marsh faster than the serpent could drink it. Still the serpent drank, and at last his skin burst. " Oh," he cried, " my skin has burst. Help me to fasten it together," WHY THE SERPENT SHEDS HIS SKIN. 49 " My skin never bursts/' said the owl. " If you will drink the water from the marsh, I will help you, but I will not fasten any skin together till I get that snipe." The serpent had done all that he could to help the owl, and now he was angry. He was afraid, too, for he did not know what would happen to him, and he lay on the ground trembling and quivering. It was not long before his old skin fell off, and then he saw that under it was a beau- tiful new one, all bright and shining. He sheds his old skin every year now, but never again has he done anything to help the owl. 50 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. WHY THE DOVE IS TIMID. A SPIRIT called the manito always watches over the Indians. He is glad when they are brave, but if they are cowardly, he is angry. One day when the manito was walking under the pine-trees, he heard a cry of ter- ror in the forest. " What is that ? '' said he. " Can it be that any of my Indian children are afraid ? " As he stood listening, an Indian boy came running from the thicket, crying in fear. ** What are you afraid of?" asked the manito. " My mother told me to go into the for- est with my bow and arrows and shoot some animal for food,'* said the boy. ** That is what all Indian boys must do," said the manito. ** Why do you not do as she said ? " " Oh, the great bear is in the forest, and I am afraid of him ! " " Afraid of Hoots ? " asked the manito, " An Indian boy must never be afraid." WHY THE DOVE IS TIMID. 61 ** But Hoots will eat me, I know he will," cried the boy. ** Boo-hoo, boo-hoo ! *' ** A boy must be brave," said the manito, " and I will not have a coward among my Indians. You are too timid ever to be a warrior, and so you shall be a bird. When- ever Indian boys look at you, they will say, * There is the boy who was afraid of Hoots.' " The boy's cloak of deerskin fell off, and feathers came out all over his body. His feet were no longer like a boy's feet, they were like the feet of a bird. His bow and arrows fell upon the grass, for he had no longer any hands with which to hold them. He tried to call to his mother, but the only sound he could make was " Hoo, hoo ! " " Now you are a dove," said the manito, " and a dove you shall be as long as you live. You shall always be known as the most timid of birds." Again the dove that had once been a boy tried to call, but he only said, " Hoo, hoo ! " " That is the only sound you will ever make," said the manito, " and when the 52 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. other boys hear it, they will say, * Listen ! He was afraid of Hoots, the bear, and that is why he says Hoo, hoo ! ' " WHY THE PARROT REPEATS THE WORDS OP MEN. In the olden times when the earth was young, all the birds knew the language of men and could talk with them. Everybody liked the parrot, because he always told things as they were, and they called him the bird that tells the truth. This bird that always told the truth lived with a man who was a thief, and one night the man killed another man's ox and hid its flesh. When the other man came to look for it in the morning, he asked the thief, *' Have you seen my ox ? " " No, I have not seen it," said the man. ** Is that the truth ? " the owner asked. *'Yes, it is. I have not seen the ox/' repeated the man. WHY THE PARROT REPEATS WORDS OF MEN. 53 "Ask the parrot," said one of the villagers. " He always tells the truth/' " O bird of truth," said they to the par- rot, " did this man kill an ox and hide its flesh?" ** Yes, he did," answered the parrot. The thief knew well that the yillagers would punish him the next day, if he could not make them think that the parrot did not always tell the truth. " I haye it," he said to himself at last. " I know what I can do." When night came he put a great jar over the parrot. Then he poured water upon the jar and struck it many times with a tough piece of oak. This he did half the night. Then he went to bed and was soon fast asleep. In the morning the men came to punish him. " How do you know that I killed the ox ? " he asked. " Because the bird of truth says that you did," they answered. U THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. " The bird of truth ! " he cried. ** That parrot is no bird of truth. He will not tell the truth even about what happened last night. Ask him if the moon was shining.'* **Did the moon shine last night .^" the men asked. ** No/* answered the parrot. ** There war no moon, for the rain fell, and there was a great storm in the heayens. I heard the thunder half the night.** " This bird has always told the truth be- fore,'* said the villagers, " but there was no storm last night and the moon was bright. What shall we do to punish the parrot ? '* they asked the thief. ** I think we will no longer let him live in our homes,** answered the thief. ** Yes,** said the others, " he must fly away to the forest, and even when there is a storm, he can no longer come to our homes, because we know now that he is a bird of a lying tongue.** So the parrot flew away sorrowfully into ymS Bl^D Hi^S ALWAYS TOLD THE TRUTH" 56 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. the lonely forest. He met a mocking-bird and told him what had happened. **Why did you not repeat men's words as I do ? '[ asked the mocking-bird. ** Men always think their own words are good." *' But the man's words were not true," said the parrot. *^ That is nothing," replied the mock- ing-bird, laughing. " Say what they say, and they will think you are a wonderful bird." " Yes, I see," said the parrot thought- fully, " and I will never again be punished for telling the truth. I will only repeat the words of others." THE STORY OF THE FIRST MOCKING- BIRD. Far away in the forest there once lived the most cruel man on all the earth. He did not like the Indians, and he said to him- self, ** Some day I will be ruler of them all." Then he thought, ** There are many brave THE FIRST MOCKING-BIRD. 57 warriors among the Indians, and I must first put them to death." He was cunning as well as cruel, and he soon found a way to kill the warriors. He built some wigwams and made fires before them as if people lived in each one. One day a hunter on his way home heard a baby crying in one of the wigwams. He went in, but he never came out again. An- other day a hunter heard a child laughing. He went in, but he never came out again. So it was day after day. One hunter heard a woman talking, and went to see who it was ; another heard a man calling to people in the other wigwams, and went to see who they were ; and no one who once went into a wigwam ever came out. One young brave had heard the voices, but he feared there was magic about them, and so he had never gone into the wigwams ; but when he saw that his friends did not come back, he went to the wigwams and called, " Where are all the people that J have heard talk and laugh ?^^ 68 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTPIS. ** Talk and laugh," said the cunning man mockingly. ** Where are they ? Do you know ? " cried the brave, and the cunning man called, " Do you know ? " and laughed. " Whose Yoices have I heard ? " ** Have I heard ? " mocked the cunning man. " I heard a baby cry." " Cry," said the cunning man. " Who is with you ? " '*You." Then the young brave was angry. He ran into the first wigwam, and there he found the man who had cried like a baby and talked in a voice like a woman's and made all the other sounds. The brave caught him by the leg and threw him down upon the earth. "It was you who cried and talked and laughed," he said. " I heard your voice and now you are going to be punished foi killing our braves. Where is my brother, and where are our friends ? " THE FIRST MOCKING-BIRD. 69 " How do I know ? " cried the man. ** Ask the sun or the moon or the fire if you will, but do not ask me ; " and all the time he was trying to pull the young brave into the flames. " I will ask the fire," said the brave. ** Fire, you are a good friend to us Indians. What has this cruel man done with our warriors ? '* The fire had no voice, so it could not answer, but it sprang as far away from the hunter as it could, and there where the flames had been he saw two stone arrow- heads. ** I know who owned the two arrowheads," said the brave. ** You have thrown my friends into your fire. Now I will do to you what you have done to them." He threw the cunning man into the fire. His head burst into two pieces, and from between them a bird flew forth. Its voice was loud and clear, but it had no song of its own. It could only mock the songs of other birds, and that is why it is called the mock* ing-bird. 60 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. WHY THE TAIL OF THE FOX HAS A WHITE TIP. ** I MUST have a boy to watch my sheep and my cows," thought an old woman, and so she went out to look for a boy. She looked first in the fields and then in the forest, but nowhere could she find a boy. As she was walking down the path to her home, she met a bear. " Where are you going ? " asked the bear. " I am looking for a boy to watch my cows and my sheep/' she answered. ** Will you have me ? " " Yes, if you know how to call my ani- mals gently." ** Ugh, ugh," called the bear. He tried to call softly, but he had always growled before, and now he could do nothing but growl. ** No, no," said the old woman, " your voice is too loud. Every cow in the field would run, and every sheep would hide, if you should growl like that. I will not have you." WHY THE FOX»S TAIL HAS A WHITE TIP. 61 Then the old woman went on till she met a wolf. " Where are you going, grandmother ? " he asked. " I am looking for a boy to watch my cows and my sheep," she answered. ** Will you have me ? " asked the wolf. ** Yes," she said, " if you know how to call my animals gently." '' Ho-y, ho-y," called the wolf. " Your Yoice is too high," said the old woman. ** My cows and my sheep would tremble whenever they heard it. I will not have you." Then the old woman went on till she met a fox. " I am so glad to meet you," said the fox. "Where are you going this bright morning ? " ** I am going home now," she said, ** for I cannot find a boy to watch my cows and my sheep. The bear growls and the wolf calls in too high a voice. I do not know what I can do, for I am too old to watch cows and sheep." C2 THE BOOK OF NATURE MYTHS. " Oh, no," said the cunning fox, ** you are not old, but any one as beautiful as you must not watch sheep in the fields. I shall be very glad to do the work for you if you will let me." ** I know that my sheep will like you," said she. " And I know that I shall like them dearly," said the fox. " Can you call them gently, Mr. Fox ? " she asked. ** Del-dal-halow, del-dal-halow," called the fox, in so gentle a voice that it was like a whisper. **That is good, Mr. Fox," said the old woman. ** Come home with me, and I will take you to the fields where my animals go." Each day one of the cows or one of the sheep was gone when the fox came home at night. " Mr. Fox, where is my cow ? " the old woman would ask, or, ** Mr. Fox, where is my sheep ? " and the fox would answer with a sorrowful look, '* The bear came out of the woods, and he has eaten it," or, WHY THE FOX'S TAIL HAS A WHITE TIP. 63 " The wolf came running through the fields, and he has eaten it." The old woman was sorry to lose her sheep and her cows, but she thought, ** Mr. Fox must be even more sorry than I. I will go out to the field and carry him a drink of cream." She went to the field, and there stood the fox with the body of a sheep, for it ^ ?^^p^ai^s^^ '^^%s^^ ^ ^^i *«^ •■•* --v'T**'!t^S^ \y,| iVj ^^w 1 -^^^ .