BM 
 
 295 
 
 S73a 
 
 1906
 
 THE 1 IBRARY 
 
 [HE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CAL IFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 Approved by the Elders on and to take 
 effect from the llth February, 1906. 
 
 ASCAMOT: 
 
 LAWS AND REGULATIONS 
 
 THE CONGREGATION 
 
 anish and 
 
 LONDON, 
 
 REVISED AND AMENDED. 
 
 56661906. 
 
 LONDON: 
 PRINTED BY WERTHEIMER, LEA AND CO., 
 
 46 AND 47, LONDON WALL, AND CLIFTON HOUSE, WORSHIP 8WIKKT, E.C
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Beth Din Law. Page. 
 
 Persons to comprise ... ... ... 68 *24 
 
 Dereliction of Duty 69 25 
 
 Beth Haim, Finta of 37 12 
 
 Beth Holim 
 
 Election of Treasurer and Parnassim 27.29 and 31 8,9and 10 
 Mahamad and Board of Guardians may 
 
 recommend inmates ... ... 126 46 
 
 Grant by Elders 126 46 
 
 Births, Register of 115 41 
 
 Burials 
 
 Register of 116 41 
 
 of Strangers 37 12 
 
 Disqualification for ... ... ... 40 13 
 
 Burial Grounds 
 
 Election of Keepers 76 28 
 
 Duties of Keepers 81 30 
 
 Canonicals 83 31 
 
 Collections in Synagogues ... ... ... 86-88 32 
 
 Corpses not to be taken into Synagogue ... 110 39 
 
 Deputies, Board of 117 41-43 
 
 Elections, Parnassim of Institutions vacancies 32 10 
 Elders 
 
 Resolutions of ... ... ... ... 46 15 
 
 Term of appointment of ... ... 47 15 
 
 Co-option of Yehidim as ... ... 48 16 
 
 Resignation of 49 17 
 
 President of 50 17 
 
 Vice-President of 50 17 
 
 Meetings of 51-55 18 and 19 
 
 Special Meetings of ... ... ... 56 111 
 
 Voting at Meetings of ... ... ... 57 19 
 
 Disqualification of 58 20 
 
 Finta and Fintadores 2-11 1-4 
 
 Finta and Offerings, List to be circulated anntially 85 32 
 Funerals 
 
 Arrangements for 101 36 
 
 Service at 105 38 
 
 Gabay, Duties of 43 14 
 
 Glossary 63-66
 
 *V INDEX. 
 
 Law. Page. 
 
 Graves 
 
 Reserved 38 12 
 
 Foundation 39 13 
 
 Order of Burial in ... ... ... 102 36 
 
 Measurements of ... ... ... 104 37 
 
 Guardians, Board of ... ... ... ... 122-125 45 and 46 
 
 Haham 
 
 Election of 65 23 
 
 Duties of 66 and 67 23 and 24 
 
 When to be called to Sepher 67 24 
 
 Dereliction of Duty 69 25 
 
 Hashcabot 106-108 38 
 
 Hatan Torah 
 
 Election of 64 22 
 
 Privileges of ... ... 64 22 
 
 Vacancy of 64 22 
 
 Hatan Beresheet 
 
 Election of ... ... ... ... 64 22 
 
 Privileges of 64 22 
 
 Vacancy of ... 64 22 
 
 Hazanim 
 
 Election of 70 25 
 
 Duties of 71 and 72 26 and 27 
 
 Dereliction of Duty 73 27 
 
 Assistance to 74 28 
 
 Candidates for office in other Sephardi 
 
 Congregations 75 28 
 
 Hebra 
 
 Election of Parnassim 
 Election of Hazanim of 
 Duties of Hazanim of ... 
 Meetings of 
 
 Heshaim 
 
 Election of Treasurer and Parnas 27, 29 and 30 8 and 9 
 
 Presidency in Synagogue 30 10 
 
 Regulations of ... 90-99 33-36 
 
 Invested Funds of ... 91 3 
 
 Holy Land, Donations for ... 121 44 
 
 Kadeesh, Mitsva of Ill 39 
 
 Levantadores 
 
 Admission of ... ... ... ... gl 
 
 Mitsva of Levantar 61 
 
 Disqualification of 61
 
 INDEX. V 
 
 Law. Page 
 
 Lights in Synagogues for deceased persons ... 109 39 
 Mahamad 
 
 Election of < 16-25 6-8 
 
 Presidency in ... 26 8 
 
 Meetings of 41 13 
 
 Distribution of Charities by 42 14 
 
 Duties of 44 and 45 14 and 15 
 
 Mahane Rephael 
 
 Regulations of 90-99 33-36 
 
 Invested Funds of 91 33 
 
 Marriages 
 
 Solemnization of (in London) ... 112 39 
 
 do. (in Country) ... 113 40 
 
 Register of 114 40 
 
 Medical Officer- 
 Election of 76 28 
 
 Duties of 80 30 
 
 Mitsvot, Distribution of 60 20 
 
 Offerings 85 31 
 
 Prayer for a Sick Person 63 22 
 
 Presidency in Synagogues 59 20 
 
 Properties of Synagogue 
 
 Trustees of Real 118 43 
 
 Trustees of Funded 120 44 
 
 Repairs Fund 119 44 
 
 Rogativa... 63 22 
 
 Salaried Officers 
 
 Not to interfere in any Election ... 82 31 
 
 Subject to orders of Elders and Mahamad 84 31 
 Seats in Synagogue 
 
 Distribution of 89 32 
 
 Register of 89 33 
 
 Rerersionof 89 33 
 
 Secretary 
 
 Election of 76 28 
 
 Duties of 77 29 
 
 Seganim 62 22 
 
 Superintendents of Synagogues 
 
 Election of 76 28 
 
 Duties of 79 30 
 
 Synagogues, Erection of 1 I 
 
 Terra Santa, Election of Parnas of 28-30 9 
 
 Tombstones, Dimensions of 103 37
 
 Vi INDEX. 
 
 Law. Page. 
 
 Trustees 
 
 Of Real Properties 118 43 
 
 Of Funded Properties 120 44 
 
 Trusts 
 
 Abecasis, Aaron and Esther 47 
 
 Almshouses Fund ... ... ... 47 
 
 Assif at Haberim, Yeshiba of 48 
 
 A vila, Hannah de ... ... ... 49 
 
 Barrow, Joseph ... ... 49 
 
 Benhacok, Esther ... ... ... 49 
 
 Card osso, Jacob de David ... ... 50 
 
 Delmare, Jacob ... ... ... ... 50 
 
 Esteves, Haim and Rachel ...... 50 
 
 Guedalla, Judah ... ... 51 
 
 James. David ... ... 51 
 
 Kursheedt ... ... 52 
 
 Lamego, Moses ... ... ... ... 52 
 
 Lara, Moses ... ... ... ... 52-54 
 
 Lindo, David Abarbanel ...... 5t 
 
 Mahane Rephael, Yeshiba of ...... 55 
 
 Marques, Abraham Rodrigues ... 55 
 
 Mocatta, Abraham and Grace ... 55 
 
 Montefiore, Sir Moses ... ... ... 56-58 
 
 Montefiore, Arthur Sebag ...... 58 
 
 Nunes, Isaac Rodrigues ...... 58 
 
 Pacifico Almshouse ... ... ... 59 
 
 Pereira Elias Lopes ... ... ... 60 
 
 Rebello, David Alves 60 
 
 Rodrigues, Welcome 60 
 
 Tipheret Bahurim, Society of .. 61 
 Villareal Girls' School, instituted by 
 
 Isaac da Costa, Villareal 61 
 
 Zachariah,Leah ... ... ... ... 62 
 
 Yehidim 
 
 Admission of 33 10 
 
 Meetings of ... ... 12-15 4 and 5 
 
 Disqualification of 34 and 36 11 
 
 Ex-officio 35 11 
 
 Re-admission of 36 11 
 
 Co-option as Elders 48 16
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 THE following revision of the Ascamot is the work of 
 a Conjoint Committee of Elders and Yehidim appointed 
 under Resolutions passed by those bodies in the years 
 1901, 1902 and 1905, to the following effect : 
 
 ELDERS : 3RD FEBRUARY, 1901. 
 That the following Resolution passed by the Yehidim 
 on the 17th April, 1900, be adopted in principle : 
 
 Whereas it is desirable that the Yehidim of this 
 Congregation should be acquainted with its Laws 
 and Regulations, and inasmuch as the last edition of 
 the Ascamot dates so far back as 1872, since when 
 many important changes and alterations have been 
 enacted 
 
 RESOLVED that the Elders be respectfully re- 
 quested to take the necessary measures for the 
 purpose of framing a new Book of Ascamot up to 
 date, supplying the Yehidim with the same at a 
 price to be fixed by the Mahamad. 
 
 That a Special Committee, consisting of five Elders, be 
 appointed to revise, in such manner as they may deem 
 expedient, the present Book of Ascamot, such revised 
 Book, when completed, to be submitted to the Elders for 
 their approval. 
 
 The five Elders appointed were : Mr. Joseph de Castro, 
 Mr. Isaac Genese, Mr. Joshua M. Levy, Mr. Eustace A. 
 Lindo and Mr. Edmund Sebag-Montefiore. 
 
 A
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 YEHIDIM : 17TH MARCH, 1901. 
 
 That a Committee of five Elders having already been 
 appointed to revise, in such manner as they might deem 
 expedient, the present Book of Ascamot, such revised 
 Book, when completed, to be submitted to the Elders for 
 their approval, It was 
 
 RESOLVED that three Yehidim be appointed to confer 
 with the Elders' Committee, when occasion may require, 
 in reference to the intended Revision of the Ascamot. 
 
 The three Yehidim selected were : The late Mr. David 
 Benoliel, Mr. Abraham Lindo Henry and Mr. Eleazar 
 S. Pool. 
 
 ELDERS : 9TH FEBRUARY, 1902. 
 
 That the Yehidim at their meeting held on the 17th 
 March, 1901, having appointed three members to serve on 
 the Committee for the Revision of the Ascamot appointed 
 by the Elders on the 3rd of February, 1901, and such 
 revision having been approved in principle by them, 
 It was 
 
 RESOLVED that such appointment be approved by the 
 Elders, so that a Joint Committee might be constituted. 
 
 That the Report on the Revised Book of Ascamot 
 when completed, be submitted to the Elders. 
 
 ELDERS : 23RD MARCH, 1905. 
 
 Resolved that when the proposed Revised Ascamot 
 be completed, the revision of the phraseology should be 
 entrusted to a Special Committee, consisting of Mr. Joseph 
 de Castro, Mr. Gabriel Lindo and Dr. J. D. Israel, the 
 work of such Committee to be finally submitted to the 
 Elders.
 
 PREFACE. ix 
 
 It is of interest to record that so far as can be 
 ascertained the first printed volume of the Ascamot bears 
 the date of 1785, and is in the Portuguese language. By 
 a resolution of the Elders, it was translated into 
 English in the year 1819 by three gentlemen selected 
 from their body. In 1831 the Ascamot appear to have 
 been revised and corrected, and again in the year 1850. 
 This volume seems to have served until 1872, since 
 which date there has been no complete revision. 
 
 The former style of introducing the various Laws under 
 special headings and with preambles has been varied, and 
 marginal headings have been added to the Ascamot, 
 which now follow without interruption and are numbered 
 consecutively. It will be noted, however, that Laws 
 Nos. 1 to 15 are those enacted by the Yehidim. 
 
 In the opinion of the Committee, the ancient character 
 of the Congregation and its Institutions should, as far as 
 possible, be preserved, and although it was deemed 
 advisable, in compiling the present Book of Ascamot, only 
 to set out the Laws of the Congregation, it was decided 
 that the preambles should in many instances be em- 
 bodied here as matters of historic interest. 
 
 The establishment of our Congregation dates from the 
 year 1656. From the first, the preservation of the unity 
 of our Body was considered of supreme importance, and, 
 consequently, the erection of other Places of Worship in 
 London following the Sephardi Minhag was strictly 
 interdicted, unless otherwise decided by a Resolution of 
 
 A 2
 
 X PREFACE. 
 
 two-thh^ ol i'-o votes of the Yehidim in meeting 
 assembled, and it was not allowed to hold service with 
 minyan at private houses without the permission of the 
 Mahamad. Until the year 1853 the only Synagogue of 
 the Congregation was the existing one in Bevis Marks; 
 then a branch Synagogue was opened in Wigmore Street, 
 W. This was closed in 1861 and another opened in 
 Bryanston Street, Hyde Park, in the same year ; this was 
 again closed in 1896, and the present West End Branch 
 Synagogue opened in Lauderdale Road, Maida Vale. 
 
 The Finta, or Assessment, was first instituted at a 
 meeting of the heads of families in the year 1707, when 
 the maximum amount was fixed at 600 per annum, this 
 sum being increased in subsequent years to meet the 
 exigencies of the Congregation, and the maximum that 
 can now be levied was raised in 1893 to 2,500. 
 
 The Executive Administration of the Congregation 
 was to be carried out by a Mahamad, to be composed of 
 men of capacity and respectability, and to consist of four 
 Parnassim and a Gabay. 
 
 With regard to the admission of Yehidim, it was 
 directed that great care and consideration should be 
 exercised in their selection, in order to safeguard the 
 dignity and good name of the Community. 
 
 The Beth Hamedrash of the Congregation, under the 
 title of Heshaim, was established in the year 1664, and, 
 in the year 1734, Benjamin Mendes da Costa, to 
 perpetuate the memory of his only son, founded and
 
 PREFACE. xi 
 
 endowed, with a similar object, the Yeshibah of Mahane 
 Rephael, which, since that year, has been incorporated 
 with Heshaim under the title of Heshaim and Mahane 
 Rephael. 
 
 Due regard has always been shown to the mode of 
 burial, it having been laid down from the first that death 
 makes no distinction, and, therefore, there was to be no 
 difference made between deceased persons either in 
 respect of graves or in the memorial honours in 
 Synagogue, and this laudable sentiment is preserved 
 to the present day. 
 
 Long before it became compulsory to register Births, 
 Marriages and Deaths in this country it was enacted that 
 authentic Registers should be kept of these events in the 
 Congregation. These records are in our archives, and the 
 same system is still carried on. 
 
 Particulars of the several Trusts connected with the 
 Synagogue, which have been accepted, are appended 
 hereto, together with the names of the donors and the 
 objects for which the funds are to be applied. 
 
 February, 5666-1906.
 
 ASCAMOT 
 
 ENACTED BY THE YEHIDIM. 
 
 1. No Synagogue intended to become an integral Erection of 
 part of the Congregation shall be erected without yn& ^ oga6 
 the approval and consent of two-thirds of the 
 Yehidim present at a meeting called for the 
 purpose. 
 
 2. The maximum amount of Finta to be raised Fiataand 
 for the necessities of the Congregation shall 
 
 only be altered by the Yehidim at a duly convened 
 meeting. Notice of such intended alteration shall 
 be given in the summons convening the meeting.* 
 
 3. The Elders of the Congregation shall, at 
 their Annual Meeting every three years, fix the 
 amount to be raised as Finta for each of the 
 ensuing three years, and the sum shall be assessed 
 by a complete Mahamad (made up, if necessary, 
 in the manner stipulated in Law 41), 
 together with ten Fintadores to be elected by 
 
 * The maximum amount is now 2,500 per annum, as per resolution 
 of the Yehidim dated 17th December, 1893.
 
 Finta and ballot by the Yehidim from amongst their 
 number, at a meeting duly summoned for that 
 purpose in the month of Shebat. The sum fixed 
 by the Elders to be assessed for Finta shall be 
 deemed correct if made within 1 per cent, of 
 such amount, more or less. 
 
 4. The Mahamad and Fintadores shall meet in 
 three classes of five each, the Mahamad being 
 one class, in order that each shall make out a list 
 of assessment, and the Finta of each Yahid 
 and Yehida shall be an amount equal to one-third 
 of the aggregate of the three respective assess- 
 ments under such lists. No Finta shall exceed 
 Forty Pounds, or be less than Two Pounds per 
 annum. 
 
 5. Fourteen days prior to the meeting for 
 election of Fintadores, a circular letter shall be 
 addressed to the Yehidim giving the names of the 
 ten Yehidim nominated with their consent as 
 Fintadores by the Mahamad, and it shall be open 
 to the Yehidim to make other nominations. 
 These nominations shall be made to the Secretary 
 in writing, accompanied by the written consent 
 of the nominees, at least seven days before the 
 date of the meeting for election, and if no other 
 nominations be made but those of the Mahamad, 
 their nominees shall be the Fintadores and no 
 meeting of the Yehidim shall be necessary for 
 their election.
 
 In the circular letter inviting nominations, Finta and 
 
 . ,. . , Fmtadores. 
 there shall be inserted the Ascama indicating the 
 
 prohibited degrees of relationship of those acting 
 as Fintadores. 
 
 6. A Fintador shall not permit favour, 
 affection or antipathy to influence him, but he 
 shall act to the best of his judgment for the 
 benefit of the Synagogue. 
 
 7. The new Finta list shall be completed before 
 the 1st of Adar, and in a leap year before the 1st 
 of Veadar, and the said Finta shall become due in 
 two half-yearly instalments on the Day of 
 Pureem, and on the 1st of Elul together with 
 the offerings made during the previous six 
 months. 
 
 8. The Mahamad shall fill up any vacancy that 
 may occur in the Fintadores after election, and 
 in so doing shall have regard to the restrictions 
 respecting relationship. 
 
 9. The following shall not serve together as 
 Fintadores : Fathers with sons, sons-in-law or 
 step-sons; grandfathers with grandsons; brothers; 
 brothers-in-law ; or uncles with nephews whether 
 by blood or affinity ; but in the relationship by 
 affinity these restrictions shall apply only in case 
 the wife through whom such relationship exists 
 be living. 
 
 10. On the admission of any new Yahid or 
 Yehida the Mahamad shall at their next meeting
 
 Finta and assess such Yahid or Yehida, and the assessment 
 shall serve until the next succeeding periodical 
 assessment is made. 
 
 11. If any person represent to the Mahamad 
 that in consequence of alteration in his circum- 
 stances he cannot pay the whole Finta imposed 
 on him, the Mahamad may reduce it to such 
 amount as they shall consider just. Should any 
 Yahid or Yehida object to his or her assessment 
 of Finta, and give notice thereof in writing to 
 the Mahamad for the time being within three 
 months after the Day of Pureem following the 
 new assessment, he or she shall have the right 
 to appeal against such assessment, and to appear 
 either personally or by deputy and offer his or 
 her reasons for such objection. Such appeal 
 shall be heard by the Mahamad for the time 
 being, together with the heads or some other 
 representative of each of the other two classes 
 of Fintadores, and their decision shall be final. 
 All other letters of complaint against the amount 
 of a Finta, received bv the Mahamad after an 
 
 ' */ 
 
 assessment shall have been made, shall be laid 
 before the three classes of Fintadores at the next 
 assessment. 
 
 12. The Yehidim shall be convened to their 
 annual meeting in the month of Adar, and in 
 the month of Veadar in a leap year ; and other 
 ordinary meetings of the Yehidim shall be con- 
 vened if and when required. 
 
 Meetings of 
 Yehidim.
 
 13. General meetings of the Yehidim shall be Meetings of 
 convened either by a resolution of the Elders, 
 
 by the Mahamad, or by a requisition from fifteen 
 Yehidim addressed to the Mahamad (who shall 
 within fifteen days from its receipt convene the 
 meeting). Such requisition shall state the object 
 of the meeting, and no signature of a Yahid to 
 a requisition shall be effective if he be indebted 
 to the Synagogue for Finta and offerings for 
 two years or upwards. 
 
 14. At all meetings of Yehidim ten shall form 
 a quorum. 
 
 15. No Yahid shall be allowed to vote at any 
 meeting of the Yehidim if he be indebted to the 
 Synagogue for Finta and offerings for two years 
 or upwards. A list of the Yehidim so disqualified 
 shall be placed before the Chairman at each 
 meeting in order that he may enforce this 
 regulation. 
 
 ASCAMOT 
 
 ENACTED BY THE ELDERS. 
 
 16. The Mahamad shall be composed of Election of 
 four Parnassim and a Gabay, and their election a a 
 shall be vested in the Yehidim of the Con- 
 gregation, ^o person shall be elected Parnas
 
 Election of or Gabay without having been a Yahid for at 
 Mahamad. j eagt ^ wo y eargj anc | being above the age of 
 
 thirty years for Parnas (except he has already 
 been elected to the office of Gabay), and twenty- 
 five years for Gabay, nor shall he be eligible 
 if he be indebted for more than two half- 
 years' Finta and offerings, and unless his Finta 
 and offerings to the Synagogue shall have 
 amounted to at least Six Pounds per annum for 
 each of the two years prior to his nomination. 
 Such offerings shall include contributions to Beth 
 Haim and Nedabot. 
 
 17. No Yahid shall be allowed to vote at such 
 elections if indebted to the Sedaca for more than 
 two years' Finta and offerings at the time that 
 the said elections take place, and no salaried 
 officer of the Congregation shall be allowed 
 to vote or be eligible for nomination as a 
 candidate. 
 
 18. Two Parnassim shall be elected in the 
 month of Adar, or Veadar in a leap year, whose 
 period of office shall commence on Shabbat 
 Hagadol, and two other Parnassim and a Gabay 
 in the months of Tamuz or Ab, w r hose period 
 of office shall commence on Rosh Hashana, and 
 meetings of the Yehidim shall be convened at the 
 appointed periods to proceed to these elections. 
 
 19. Notices shall be issued to the Yehidim 
 inviting nominations and giving the names of the
 
 Mahamad's nominees, and at any time not later Election of 
 than fourteen days before the meeting it shall be 
 open to any Yahid to nominate in writing any 
 other duly qualified Yahid. 
 
 20. No further nominations shall be received 
 at any meeting for election, and if no other 
 nominations be made but those of the Mahamad, 
 their nominees shall be the Parnassim and 
 Gabay for the ensuing year, and no meeting of 
 the Yehidim shall be necessary for the purpose 
 of their election. 
 
 21. No nominations shall be made without the 
 written consent of the nominees, and a list of 
 the nominations shall be inserted in the 
 summons convening the meeting for election, 
 and at least seven days' notice shall be given of 
 such meetings. 
 
 22. Should the number of nominations exceed 
 the vacancies that have to be filled, a ballot shall 
 be taken at the meeting, and those having 
 the largest number of votes shall be declared 
 elected ; and, in case of equal votes, the senior 
 in membership, and, if of equal membership, the 
 senior in age of those having such equal votes, 
 shall be declared elected. 
 
 23. The following shall not serve together as 
 Mahamad : Fathers with sons, sons-in-law or 
 step-sons ; grandfathers with grandsons ; brothers; 
 brothers-in-law ; or uncles with nephews, whether
 
 8 
 
 Election of 
 
 Mahamad. 
 
 Presidency 
 in the 
 Mahamad. 
 
 Elections of 
 Treasurers 
 and Par- 
 nassim of 
 Heshaim, 
 Hebra, Beth 
 Holim and 
 Terra Santa. 
 
 by blood or affinity ; but in the relationship by 
 affinity these restrictions shall apply only in case 
 the wife through whom such relationship exists 
 be living. 
 
 24. In the event of a vacancy, either in the 
 office of Parnas or Gabay, by reason of resignation 
 or any other cause, a meeting of the Yehidim 
 to fill up such vacancy shall be convened by 
 the Mahamad, the election to be held in the 
 same manner and on the same conditions 
 as hereinbefore provided for the half-yearly 
 elections. 
 
 25. The result of the elections shall be pro- 
 claimed in the Synagogues on Shabbat Hagadol 
 and on the Sabbath preceding Rosh Hashana, or 
 on the first Sabbath after any other election, and 
 the senior in membership as a Yahid of the two 
 Parnassim elected shall be first proclaimed. 
 
 26. Each of the Parnassim shall preside three 
 months, viz., from Shabbat Hagadol until Rosh 
 Hodesh Tamuz, from that day to Rosh Hashana, 
 from that day to Rosh Hodesh Tebet, and from 
 that day to Shabbat Hagadol, beginning with the 
 senior in membership as a Yahid of those 
 elected in the antecedent six months. 
 
 27. Annually before the Sabbath preceding 
 Rosh Hashana, there shall be an election of 
 two Parnassim of Hebra of G-uemilut Hassadim, a 
 Treasurer and Parnas of Beth Holim ; andannually
 
 before Shabbat Hagadol there shall be an election Elections of 
 of another Parnas of Beth Holim ; and annually, 
 before the Sabbath preceding Shebuot, there shall 
 
 be an election of a Treasurer and a Parnas of 5 e ?u a ii 
 
 Beth Holira 
 
 Heshaim. The elections shall be bv the respective and Terra 
 
 */ 
 
 Governors of the above Institutions, and shall be 
 subject to the approval of the Mahamad. 
 
 28. Annually before the Sabbath preceding 
 Shebuot there shall be an election by the 
 Mahamad of a Parnas of Terra Santa. 
 
 29. For the Treasurer of Heshaim and first 
 Parnas of Hebra Elders shall be elected, and for 
 the second Parnas of Hebra, Parnas of Heshaim 
 and Parnas of Terra Santa, any of the Yehidim 
 may be elected, and if the persons elected as 
 Treasurer, or Parnas of Heshaim, or as Parnassim 
 of Hebra, be not life governors of or subscribers to 
 the respective societies, they shall be considered 
 as subscribers during their year of office. The 
 result of the election of Parnassim of Hebra and 
 of the Treasurer and Parnas of Beth Holim, shall 
 be proclaimed in the Synagogues on the Sabbath 
 preceding Kosh Hashana, and the first Parnas of 
 Hebra shall take precedence from that date 
 till Shabbat Hagadol, and the second from Shabbat 
 Hagadol till the Sabbath preceding Rosh Hashana. 
 
 30. The result of the election of Treasurer and 
 Parnas of Heshaim and of Parnas of Terra Santa, 
 shall be proclaimed in the Synagogues on the
 
 10 
 
 Elections of Sabbath preceding Shebuot, on the first day of 
 and Par- which festival the Treasurer of Heshaim, or, in 
 Heshaim h* 8 absence, the Parnas of the said Society, shall 
 Beth^oiim P res ide and distribute the Mitsvot. 
 and Terra 31. The result of the election of the second 
 
 Santa. 
 
 Parnas of Beth Holim shall be proclaimed in the 
 Synao-oo-ues on Shabbat Ha^adol. 
 
 J o O ~ 
 
 32. In the event of any person elected to any 
 of the above-mentioned offices refusing to serve, 
 a new election or elections shall take place in the 
 manner before prescribed, and the names of the 
 person or persons so elected shall be proclaimed 
 in the Synagogues on the following Sabbath. 
 Admission of 33. All persons of the Jewish Faith above 
 the age of twenty- one shall be eligible for 
 admission as Yehidim and Yehidot of the Con- 
 gregation. Any such person desirous of being 
 elected shall sign a form (upon the back of which 
 Laws 3, 4, 11, 37, 85 and 86 shall be stated at 
 length) undertaking if elected to abide by all the 
 Ascamot then in force or to be thereafter enacted. 
 The Elders only shall have power to elect the 
 Yehidim or Yehidot, and the names and addresses 
 of all persons to be proposed for admission as 
 Yehidim or Yehidot at any meeting of Elders shall 
 be set out in the notice convening such meeting. 
 No person proposed for admission as a Yahid or 
 Yehida shall be elected unless he or she shall have 
 two-thirds of the votes in his or her favour.
 
 11 
 
 Upon election every Yahid and Yehida shall be 
 furnished with a printed copy of the Ascamot. 
 
 34. Should any Yahid or Yehida be placed on Disquaiifica- 
 the charitable list of Sedaca he or she shall imme- 
 
 diately cease to be a Yahid or Yehida. If any 
 Yahid or Yehida shall be indebted for three years' 
 Finta and offerings, notice of the same shall be 
 sent to him or her, and if at the end of three 
 months from the date of such notice he or she 
 shall fail to pay the amount of such debt the 
 Elders may by resolution remove his or her name 
 from the list of Yehidim and Yehidot. 
 
 35. The Haham, Hazanim, Secretary and Ex-offitio 
 Assistant Secretary, shall be ex-officio Yehidim Yehldim - 
 of the Congregation, and exempted from the 
 payment of Finta. 
 
 36. Any Yahid, beins; an Elder, who shall have Re-admis- 
 
 " A 
 
 been withdrawn from the list either through 
 having ceased to reside in London, or through 
 being in arrear. may, on being re-admitted as 
 a Yahid, be also re-elected an Elder by a vote of 
 the Yehidim. Should any Yahid or Yehida 
 have departed from the tenets of our holy 
 religion by publicly professing another faith, he 
 or she shall be excluded from the said list, 
 provided that the Elders shall by resolution 
 declare that they find he or she has so 
 acted. 
 
 If any Yahid be convicted of any criminal 
 
 B 

 
 offence, he shall not be eligible to hold any 
 honorary office in the Congregation. 
 
 Finta of 37. Every Yahid shall on admission pay a 
 
 sum equal to a half of the amount of his Finta 
 as a contribution towards the expenses of Beth 
 Haim, and also a burial rate of Five Pounds to 
 serve as a payment for the graves of himself, 
 his wife, and children. Children of a parent who 
 has paid the rate shall be exempt from the rate, 
 but not from the contribution. The Mahamad 
 may wholly forego the rate in the case of any 
 one who is in their opinion unable to pay it ; 
 but shall not in any case accept a payment of less 
 than Five Pounds. Any one refusing to pay the 
 rate without giving an explanation satisfactory to 
 the Mahamad shall not have a seat allotted to him 
 in the Synagogue. In the event of the repre- 
 sentatives of any deceased member of the 
 Sephardi Community who has not paid the above 
 rate desiring that the burial of the deceased 
 shall take place in the burial ground of the 
 Congregation, the Mahamad may sanction such 
 burial on payment of such sum (not exceeding 
 One Hundred Pounds) as they shall think fit. 
 
 Reserved 38. Any Yahid or Congregator may buy 
 
 ground for one or more adjacent graves to be 
 reserved in our burial grounds, for himself or 
 for others belonging to a Sephardi Congregation, 
 upon payment for each space of a minimum of 
 Five Pounds, at the discretion of the Mahamad,
 
 13 
 
 and if within thirty days from such purchase he Reserved 
 cede his right to any of the said reserved graves, 
 there shall be returned to him half of the amount 
 paid for the grave or graves so ceded, and they 
 shall be utilised in the ordinary course. 
 
 39. Any Yahid or Congregator may have a Foundation 
 brick foundation to any grave or reserve a grave 
 intended to have a brick foundation upon pay- 
 ment of the further sum of Two Pounds Ten 
 Shillings for each such grave for the extra ground 
 required. 
 
 40. Notwithstanding the payments mentioned Burial dis- 
 in Law 37 or the purchase of a reserved grave, <* ualification 
 no Yahid, Yehida or Congregator who has ceased 
 
 to be such shall be entitled to burial in the 
 burial ground of the Congregation. But the 
 Mahamad may permit the burial of such person 
 pursuant to any arrangement they may make 
 with his or her representatives. 
 
 41. It shall be the duty of the presiding Meetings of 
 Pumas, by a written summons to be signed by the 
 Secretary, to convene the other members of the 
 Mahamad to meet at all times prescribed by the 
 Ascamot, and at all other times when deemed 
 necessary. And when it shall be requisite to 
 
 call a meeting of the Mahamad, and the presiding 
 Parnas shall fail to do so, through absence or 
 other cause, the next in rotation, or any other 
 member of the Mahamad, shall have authority 
 to convene it. Notices for meetings shall be 
 
 B2
 
 14 
 
 Meetings of 
 
 Mahamad. 
 
 Distribution 
 of Charities. 
 
 Duties of 
 
 Gabay. 
 
 Duties of 
 Mahamad. 
 
 sent to all members of the Mahamad at least 
 one day before the meeting. All questions 
 arising at any meeting of the Mahamad shall 
 be decided by a majority of votes, and in the 
 case of equality the presiding Parnas shall have 
 a second or casting vote, Three persons shall 
 form a quorum for a meeting. Whenever the 
 Mahamad consists of less than five they shall 
 have power to call in to complete the required 
 number any Elders who, having regard to Law 
 23, would be competent to serve in Mahamad. 
 
 42. The Mahamad shall distribute, or may 
 delegate to the Congregational Board of 
 Guardians, the distribution of the charities 
 which are, or shall in future be, subject to their 
 administration, such distribution to be in accord- 
 ance with the will and direction of the testators 
 or donors. 
 
 43. The Gabay of the Congregation shall 
 receive and pay all moneys, but may, with the 
 consent of the Mahamad, delegate this duty to 
 the Secretary of the Synagogue. 
 
 44. The Mahamad shall have under their 
 management and control the Synagogues, the 
 burial grounds, and all buildings belonging to 
 the Congregation. They shall also distribute 
 the tenements in the almshouses ; regulate and 
 see to the proper discharge of the duties of 
 the officers of the Congregation ; keep sufficiently
 
 15 
 
 insured against fire the Synagogues, with their Duties of 
 appurtenances, and all the buildings belonging to 
 the Congregation ; and distribute the seats in the 
 Synagogues according to the laws relating thereto. 
 
 45. The Mahamad shall convene the Elders to 
 their Annual Session in the month of January in 
 
 */ 
 
 each year. Meetings of Elders may also be 
 convened whenever deemed necessary by the 
 Mahamad. Elders shall receive at least three 
 days' notice of any meeting, except on any 
 urgent matter, when, with the consent of the 
 President or Vice- President of the Elders, a 
 meeting may be called at a shorter notice. 
 
 46. The Mahamad shall put into force all the Resolutions 
 Ascamot and resolutions of the Elders duly 
 passed at their meetings, as well as those of the 
 Yehidim relating to matters within their province. 
 
 47. Elders elected prior to the 29th January, Eiders: 
 1893, shall remain Elders for life, and any Yahid appointment, 
 elected subsequently to that date to serve the 
 
 office of Parnas or Gabay or one of the repre- 
 sentatives of the Congregation at the London 
 Committee of Deputies of the British Jews 
 (hereafter referred to as Deputy), shall be an 
 Elder of the Congregation during a period of 
 three years from the date of his election (so long 
 as he shall be a Yahid, or if a Deputy, during the 
 time he shall hold that appointment). At the 
 end of such term of three years, and every subse- 
 quent three years, he shall be subject to re-election
 
 16 
 
 Eiders : as an Elder by a majority of the votes of the 
 Yehidim assembled at a meeting convened for the 
 purpose, but notwithstanding the expiration of 
 such term of three years he shall continue an 
 
 / 
 
 Elder until the next Annual Meeting of the 
 Yehidim, when his name shall be submitted for 
 re-election. 
 
 Co-option of 48. The Elders may from time to time co-opt 
 as a s Elders, for a term of not less than one or more 
 than three years, Yehidim who have not served 
 the office of Parnas or Gabay. Provided always i 
 (1) that the Finta and offerings (including con- 
 tributions to Beth Haim and Nedabot) of any 
 Yahid so co-opted (hereinafter called co-opted 
 Elder) paid in the preceding year shall have 
 amounted to not less than Five Pounds ; (2) that 
 no Yahid shall be co-opted without his written 
 consent being previously obtained by his pro- 
 poser ; and (3) that the number of co-opted 
 Elders shall at no time exceed three. A co-opted 
 Elder may at, or at any time after, the expiration 
 of the term for which he is co-opted, be again 
 co-opted from time to time. 
 
 If a co-opted Elder be elected a Parnas or 
 Gabay he shall ipso facto cease to be a co-opted 
 Elder, and in the event of a vacancy occurring 
 thereby or from any other cause the Elders may 
 (but shall not be bound to) co-opt another 
 Yahid. Save as aforesaid, a co-opted Elder 
 shall have all the rights of, and be subject to the 
 same disqualifications as, an Elder.
 
 17 
 
 49. The resignation of a life or co-opted Co-option of 
 Elder shall be dealt with by the Elders, and the Eiders, 
 resignation of an Elder elected for a term of 
 
 three years shall be dealt with by the Yehidim. 
 
 50. Every third year there shall be an election President 
 of two Elders to act as President and Vice- President" of 
 President of the Elders. The election shall take Elders ' 
 place at the first meeting of the Annual Session, 
 
 and shall be made separately after nomination 
 and by ballot, and the two Elders having 
 respectively the largest number of votes shall be 
 declared duly elected. The President shall 
 preside over the meetings of Elders, and in his 
 absence the duty shall devolve on the Vice-Presi- 
 dent. The said President or Vice- President shall 
 be referred to on all disputed points respecting the 
 order of the proceedings, and his decision on 
 such points shall be final. The President for the 
 time being shall declare the votes on every 
 question, and shall only vote in case of an equality 
 of votes. Whenever at any meeting the said 
 President and Vice-President are absent, the first 
 business entered upon shall be the election of an. 
 Elder to preside over that meeting. In case of a 
 vacancy in the office of President or Vice- 
 President, by resignation or otherwise, such 
 vacancy shall be filled up at the first subsequent 
 meeting, and the Elder so elected shall continue 
 in office during the remainder of the said term 
 of three years.
 
 18 
 
 President Neitherthe President nor Vice- President during 
 
 President of his tenure of office shall be a member of the 
 
 Eldeps< Mahamad. 
 
 Meetings of 51. Every Elder shall be summoned to all meet- 
 ings of Elders. No Elder shall vote at any meeting 
 or be competent to sign a requisition for a meeting 
 if he be indebted to the Synagogue for two 
 years' Finta and offerings, A list of the Elders 
 so disqualified shall be placed before the Chair- 
 man at each meeting, in order that he may enforce 
 this regulation. At every meeting of the Elders 
 the business which the Mahamad may have to 
 submit shall take precedence of all other business, 
 and their propositions shall not require second- 
 ing, but in all other instances no propositions 
 shall be debated upon nor put to the vote until 
 seconded. An amendment shall be put first to 
 the vote, and a motion for adjournment shall at 
 all times have priority over any other question. 
 
 52. No person shall speak in a debate upon any 
 question more than once, except the mover, 
 who shall have the right of reply. 
 
 53. Any five or more Elders may require a 
 meeting for the purpose of confirming or rescind- 
 ing any resolution or resolutions passed at a 
 previous meeting, and the Mahamad shall convene 
 such meeting accordingly upon receipt of a 
 requisition to that effect, signed by five or more 
 Elders, and delivered to the Secretary within 
 seven days of the date of the meeting whereat 
 such resolution or resolutions were passed.
 
 19 
 
 54. The notice for all meetings of Elders Meetings of 
 shall state the purpose or purposes for which the 
 meeting is convened. The quorum for all 
 meetings of Elders shall be ten, except for meet- 
 ings for confirmation, when the quorum shall be 
 
 seven. 
 
 55. At the first meeting of the Annual Session 
 the accounts of the Congregation for the pre- 
 ceding year shall be presented, the sum to be 
 expended during the current year estimated, 
 and the election of Yehidim and Yehidot pro- 
 ceeded with, and such other business transacted 
 as may arise. The Elders shall during the 
 Session, as and when required, elect Represen- 
 tatives on the Board of Shechita, the Council of 
 Jews' College, Hetidon Burial Ground Conjoint 
 Committee, Religious Education Board, and Con- 
 joint Flour Committee. 
 
 56. Upon the written requisition of five or more Special 
 Elders, stating therein the subject or subjects Eiders? 8 
 to be considered, the Mahamad shall within 
 fourteen days from the receipt of such requisition 
 convene a special meeting. 
 
 57. Subject to Law 120, all questions sub- voting at 
 mitted to the Elders shall be decided by a 
 majority of votes. But no proposal for pecuniary 
 relief, or any grant or donation, or grant or 
 increase of salary or pension, shall, unless in- 
 troduced and recommended by the Mahamad, be
 
 20 
 
 Voting at deemed to be carried except two-thirds of the 
 Eider"? 8 Elders present vote in its favour. 
 Disquaiifica- 58. Any Elder who shall be convicted of any 
 Eider!* & " criminal offence shall immediately cease to be 
 
 an Elder. 
 
 Presidency 59. The following shall be the order of Pre- 
 Synagogues. sidency in the Synagogues : The President 
 and the other members of the Mahamad in 
 rotation, the Treasurer and Parnas of Heshaim, 
 Parnassim of Hebra, the Treasurer of Beth 
 Holim, the Parnassim of Beth Holim,the Parnas of 
 Terra Santa, the Elders of the Congregation 
 according to seniority of membership, the 
 Yehidim of the Congregation (other than the 
 salaried officers) according to seniority of 
 membership. 
 
 Distribution 60. The presiding Parnas shall distribute all 
 of Mitsvot. t ] ie Mitsvot as he may think fit, and such Mitsvot, 
 including " Bells and Band," shall be announced 
 by the Hazan. No Mitsva shall be given to any 
 one under the age of thirteen, except the 
 Haphtanih, Hashem Melech, Kadeesh, and 
 " Bells and Band " ; and if the three former 
 Mitsvot, and that of reading the Zemirot, shall 
 have been announced by the Hazan, no one else 
 shall have them except in the absence of the persons 
 to whom thev have been o-iven. On no occasion 
 
 v ~ 
 
 shall it be permitted to call to Sepher more than 
 two persons in addition to the usual number, 
 except on Sim hat Torah and Shabbat Beresheet.
 
 21 
 
 61. The Mitsvaof Levantar shall only be given Mitsva of 
 to a member of the Society of Levantadores, and 
 only Yehidim shall be eligible as members of that 
 Society. A Yahid shall, before being admitted 
 as a member of that Society, satisfy at least 
 
 %/ t */ 
 
 three of the existing members that he is able to 
 raise the Sepher in the accustomed manner, and 
 produce to the Elders a certificate in writing 
 from the examining members to that effect. 
 Levantadores shall hold office for three years, 
 and shall be elected by the Elders, who shall 
 have the power of removing any member of 
 the Society, but the said power of removal shall 
 only be exercised after a resolution to that effect 
 has been passed by two-thirds of the Elders 
 present at a meeting, and notice of the resolution 
 has been given in the summons convening the 
 meeting. 
 
 The Levantadores shall be subject to re- 
 election by the Elders every three years, 
 their names being submitted for the purpose 
 at the first meeting of the Annual Session. 
 
 Any Levantador who shall not for one year 
 attend at least one Service in any Synagogue of 
 the Congregation shall cease to be a Levantador, 
 unless the Mahamad are satisfied with the reason 
 of his absence. The number of the Levanta- 
 dores shall at no time exceed twelve, and all the 
 Levantadores shall be eligible to act in any of the 
 Synagogues of the Congregation.
 
 22 
 
 Scganim. 62. The Mitsva of acting as Segan during the 
 
 Services of Rosh Hashana and Kippur, like all 
 other Mitsvot in Synagogue, shall be given at 
 the discretion of the presiding Parnas. 
 
 Rogativa. 63. A Rogativa shall be recited only with 
 the consent of the presiding Parnas. 
 
 HatanTorah 64. The Mahamad shall elect annually, before 
 
 Beresheet. -the Sabbath preceding Rosh Hashana, two 
 Yehidim to serve in each of our Svnaorosrues as 
 
 J ~ O 
 
 Hatan Torah and Hatan Beresheet, the senior in 
 age being Hatan Torah. 
 
 Each of the said Hatanim, on the days of 
 Simhat Torah and Shabbat Beresheet respectively, 
 may give to the presiding Parnas a list of the 
 persons to whom he desires the Mitsvot to be 
 presented, arid on each of these days nine persons 
 may be called to the Sepher in addition to the 
 Hatanim and the Maphtir, and the presiding 
 Parnas and the next in rotation shall accompany 
 the said Hatanim into the Svna^osrue and be 
 
 / o ~ 
 
 seated by the side of them during the Services. 
 In the case of the non-acceptance of, or 
 subsequent vacancy in, the offices or either 
 of them, such office or offices shall be filled 
 by any person or persons willing to serve who 
 shall be approved by the Mahamad, and should 
 no one be so willing, then by any member of 
 the Mahamad. 
 
 Election of 65. Whenever the office of Haham shall be 
 vacant the Mahamad shall call a meeting of
 
 23 
 
 Elders within three months of such vacancy Election of 
 occurring, to determine the duties and the emolu- 
 ments which shall affect the next holder of the 
 office. The selection of candidates for the office 
 shall be made by the Elders and the election by the 
 Yehidim, for which purpose a meeting shall be 
 summoned at least eight days previously, and the 
 summons shall state the purpose of the meeting ; 
 and should there be more than one candidate, each 
 shall be balloted for in turn, and the name of 
 the one who shall have the majority of votes shall 
 be again put up, and he shall be elected only if 
 two-thirds of the votes or more are in his favour. 
 Should the candidate not receive the requisite 
 number of votes, no further election shall be 
 held except by a fresh resolution of the Elders, 
 passed at a meeting which shall not be con- 
 vened until the expiration of three months. 
 The name of the gentleman elected as Haham 
 shall be proclaimed in the Synagogues of the 
 Congregation. 
 
 66. The Haham shall be the head of the Beth Duties of 
 
 Ho Vi o in 
 
 Din and Medrash, and shall declare the Din when 
 required by any of the Yehidim or Congregators, 
 and decide any disputes amongst them requiring 
 to be determined according to Din. He shall 
 preach in the Synagogues as required by the 
 Mahamad, and attend therein and at the Medrash. 
 It shall be his duty, with the authority of the
 
 24 
 
 Duties of Mahamad, to perform the Marriage Ceremony for 
 all members of the Congregation when required 
 so to do by the bridegroom, but it shall be optional 
 for the bridegroom to select any one of the 
 Hazanim of the Congregation to perform the 
 ceremony. 
 
 67. The Haham shall not intercede in favour 
 of or oppose any candidate for an office in 
 the Congregation, or applicant for monetary 
 assistance. 
 
 Haham The Haham shall be entitled to be called to the 
 
 J3d to* Sepher on the following days :- 
 
 Sepher. 
 
 Shabbat Beshallahh (Shirah). 
 ,, Yitro (Commandments). 
 ,, Vaethhannan (do). 
 Teshubah. 
 Hanucali. 
 Hagadol. 
 
 Shabbat on which Rosh Hodesli 
 
 falls. 
 
 7th day Pesahh. 
 1st day Shebuoth. 
 Kippur (Shahrit). 
 Shemini Hag Gna-tse-ret. 
 
 WEEK DAYS. 
 Rosh Hodesh ; each Ta-gua-neet ; Pureem. 
 
 Beth Din. 68. The Elders may appoint two qualified 
 persons to compose the Beth Din jointly with the 
 Haham, or three persons should the office of 
 Haham be vacant, any one of whom may declare 
 the Din. Should a question arise which, accord- 
 ing to Din, requires to be decided by more than 
 three, the Beth Din shall have power to call 
 in others, whom they may think proper for the
 
 25 
 
 purpose, and no other person shall have authority Beth Din. 
 to give Din. 
 
 69. Should any dereliction of duty on the 
 part of the Haham, or any member of the Beth 
 Din, come to the knowledge of the Mahamad, 
 they shall, if in their opinion any action be 
 necessary, forthwith convene a special meeting of 
 the Elders to deal with the matter. 
 
 70. Whenever a vacancy shall occur in the office Election of 
 of Hazan the Mahamad shall call a meeting of 
 
 the Elders as early as possible, to consider the 
 necessity of electing another, and if it be resolved 
 to proceed to an election, the Mahamad shall give 
 public notice inviting applications for the 
 office within a reasonable time, to be fixed 
 by them, and every one offering himself 
 shall be admitted with the sanction of the 
 Mahamad to submit himself for probation unless 
 the Haham. or, in his absence, the gentlemen of 
 the Beth Dm, shall declare in writing that, 
 according to Din Torah, he is not eligible for the 
 office. The said probation shall consist of each 
 candidate reading the Services in each of the 
 Synagogues as Hazan for one whole week, in 
 order that all the Yehidim may have the oppor- 
 tunity of hearing and judging of his capacity and 
 voice, and the Mahamad shall determine by lot 
 the order of probation, with power to alter the 
 rotation in cases of urgency. When all the
 
 26 
 
 Election of candidates have gone through their probation, 
 the Mahamad shall appoint a day for election, 
 which election shall be made by the Yehidim and 
 Yehidot in the Vestry Room, within one month 
 after conclusion of the probations, in the presence 
 of the Mahamad, and the voting shall be by placing 
 the names of the candidates voted for on a folded 
 paper, and delivering it to the presiding Parnas, 
 who shall deposit it unopened in a box. All the 
 Yehidim and Yehidot qualified by Ascama shall 
 have the right to vote, but no proxies shall be 
 allowed. At the expiration of one hour from 
 the commencement of the voting, the votes shall 
 be counted by at least two members of the 
 Mahamad, and the candidate having the majority 
 shall be declared elected. In the case of an 
 equality of votes a fresh ballot shall be taken at 
 a subsequent date between the candidates having 
 such equal number of votes. 
 
 Sazanim f 71. It shall be the duty of the Hazanim to 
 attend Synagogue at the commencement of all 
 Services, and to officiate in turn weekly, and 
 alternately on the days of festivals. They shall 
 also attend on special occasions when required. 
 Whenever any one of them shall be unable to 
 attend to his duties, the other or others shall 
 officiate in his stead, and they shall attend in 
 rotation at all weddings, or as provided by the 
 Ascama, but it shall be optional for a bridegroom
 
 27 
 
 to select any one of the Hazanim to perform the Duties of 
 J _ Hazanim. 
 
 ceremony. They shall write and copy the Ketu- 
 
 bot in turn, and they shall when requested 
 officiate on occasions of Bereet and marriages, 
 and at funerals in the event of the Hazanim of 
 Hebra being prevented from so doing. 
 
 72. On all occasions when there is more than 
 one Hazan in Synagogue, the Hazan who is not 
 officiating shall proceed to the Ark to supervise 
 the taking out and replacing of the Scrolls of the 
 Law. A Hazan shall not, without leave of the 
 gentleman presiding, commence prayers or give 
 any Mitsva or give a title to any person that shall 
 not have been determined upon by the Mahamad 
 in company with the Haham, or one of the gentle- 
 men of the Beth Din, or make any Hashcaba 
 except as provided by Law 106, and the Hazanim 
 shall conform to all resolutions of the Elders and 
 instructions of the Mahamad. 
 
 73. If a Hazan neglect any part of his duties the 
 Mahamad may suspend him for a period of not 
 more than one month, in which case they shall con- 
 vene a meeting of Elders to consider the matter. 
 
 The Elders may suspend a Hazan and withhold 
 the emoluments attached to his office for a 
 period not exceeding six months, but no more 
 serious action shall be taken except by the 
 Yehidim at a meeting specially convened to 
 consider the matter.
 
 28 
 
 Assistance 
 to the 
 
 Hazanim. 
 
 Candidates 
 for office of 
 Hazan in 
 other 
 Sephardi 
 Congrega- 
 tions. 
 
 Election of 
 various 
 Salaried 
 Officers. 
 
 74. In case of necessity the Mahamad may 
 appoint any person they may think proper to 
 assist the Hazanim, or to officiate in their stead. 
 The Mahamad may from time to time invite 
 preachers of recognised Orthodox Congregations 
 to preach in our Synagogues, the consent of the 
 Haham being first obtained. 
 
 75. Upon application from any Sephardi Con- 
 gregation, the Mahamad may give permission to 
 any candidate for the office of Hazan in that 
 Congregation to read the Services in either of 
 our Synagogues for one week on probation, and 
 any duly elected Hazan of a Sephardi Con- 
 gregation may be permitted to read the Services 
 in our Synagogues at such times as the Mahamad 
 in their discretion may allow. 
 
 76. If there shall be a vacancy in any of the 
 following offices the Secretary, the Hazanim 
 of Hebra, the Superintendents of the Synagogues, 
 the Medical Officer for the Poor, and the Keepers 
 of the Burial Grounds, the Mahamad shall notify 
 the same to the Elders at a meeting which shall be 
 convened for the purpose and be held within 
 three months of such vacancy occurring, and the 
 Elders shall decide whether a new election shall 
 be proceeded with, and on what terms and 
 conditions the vacant office shall be offered. 
 The election of the before- mentioned officers, 
 with the exception of the Secretary, the Hazanim
 
 29 
 
 of Hebra, and the Medical Officer for the Poor, Election of 
 shall be vested in the Mahamad, and in the safaried 
 event of a vacancy, or of any of these officers Officers - 
 being incapacitated from attending to his duties, 
 either by illness, suspension, or any other cause, 
 the Mahamad may appoint another person to 
 act in his stead. 
 
 77. The Secretary of the Congregation shall Duties of 
 be elected by the Elders, and it shall be his duty 
 
 to attend all meetings of the Elders, of the 
 Mahamad, of the Yehidim, and of all committees 
 which may be appointed, and to issue notices for 
 these meetings, to take minutes of the proceed- 
 ings, and to attend Synagogue, as far as possible, 
 at all times of prayer. He shall also attend at 
 weddings. He shall keep the books of accounts 
 of the revenue and expenditure of the Synagogue, 
 and of the trusts under its administration. He 
 shall make out and render half-yearly the 
 accounts of each person's indebtedness to the 
 Synagogue. He shall, if required, receive all 
 moneys due to the Synagogue, and shall pay 
 all moneys ordered by the Elders or by the 
 Mahamad, keeping an account of such receipts 
 and payments. He shall also attend in the Vestry 
 Room daily, and shall perform all other duties 
 required of him by the Mahamad. 
 
 78. The Hazanim of Hebra shall be elected by Duties of 
 the Elders. One of them shall be present at the lebS! f 
 
 c 2
 
 30 
 
 Duties of 
 Hazanim of 
 Hebra. 
 
 Duties of 
 
 Superintend 
 ents of 
 Synagogues. 
 
 Duties of 
 
 Medical 
 
 Officer. 
 
 Duties of 
 Keepers of 
 Burial 
 Grounds. 
 
 house at the time of the funeral, and shall accom- 
 pany to the grave every deceased person who 
 shall be buried in either of our burial grounds, 
 and shall officiate on such occasions, but no 
 Kazan of Hebra shall take part in the funeral of 
 any person whose burial is not permitted in the 
 regular row. He shall, if required, read the 
 prayers at the house of mourning, both morning 
 and evening, during the seven days of Abel. 
 
 79. It shall be the duty of the Superintendent 
 of each Synagogue to open and close the same, 
 before and after public prayer, and to attend all 
 Services. He shall be responsible for the cleanli- 
 ness of the Synagogue and its surroundings. 
 One of them shall be in attendance at meetings 
 of the Elders, Mahamad, committees, and of the 
 Board of Guardians. They shall, if required, be 
 present at all weddings that may take place in 
 the Congregation in London or in the country. 
 
 80. The Medical Officer of the Congregation 
 shall be elected by the Elders. He shall visit the 
 sick poor and the salaried officers of the Con-* 
 gregation, prescribe for them, and give such 
 professional assistance at the houses of the said 
 officers and poor as may be required, and generally 
 shall comply with the orders of the Mahamad. 
 
 81. The Keepers of the Burial Grounds shall 
 be responsible for the care of the grounds, and 
 it shall be their duty to be in attendance at all
 
 31 
 funerals, to keep an accurate register of all Duties of 
 
 burials, to see that the tombs do not exceed 
 
 the measurements prescribed by Law 103, and Grounds * 
 to prevent the fixing of any stones not in con- 
 formity with the said Law. They shall like- 
 wise see that the graves are dug in rows in the 
 usual manner, and do not exceed the limits 
 prescribed by Law 104. The Keepers of the 
 Burial Grounds shall not accompany persons 
 who visit graves, unless so requested. 
 
 82. No salaried officer shall attempt to influence salaried 
 any election to an office (honorary or otherwise) p 
 
 in the Congregation. e"eSi. 
 
 83. Officers of the Congregation attending canonicals. 
 any public service shall appear in canonicals, or 
 
 other official attire. 
 
 84. All the officers of the Congregation, Officers 
 enumerated in Law 76, shall be subject to the orders of 
 resolutions of the Elders and the orders of the SJhamad! 1 
 Mahamad. In the event of non-compliance with 
 
 such resolutions or orders, or in case of any 
 neglect of duty, the Mahamad shall have power 
 to suspend the offending officer for a period not 
 exceeding three months, and shall bring the 
 matter to the notice of the Elders. 
 
 85. A circular letter inviting offerings to the Offerings. 
 Synagogue shall be addressed by the Mahamad 
 
 to each Yahid and Yehida, shortly before the New 
 Year, Passover, and Pentecost Holydays, and on
 
 32 
 
 offerings. the Sabbath preceding the three Festivals all 
 Yehidim shall be charged with the Nedabot of 
 " Shalosh Pegnamim." 
 
 List of Finta The Statement of Accounts of the Synagogue 
 
 to U }>e ffei>mgS shall be forwarded annually to the members of the 
 
 annually^ Congregation, and it shall be accompanied by a 
 
 Yehidim. printed list of the Yehidim and Yehidot, showing 
 
 in each case the assessment of Finta, the offerings 
 
 made and total receipts for account of Finta and 
 
 offerings during the preceding twelve months. 
 
 Collections in 86. On Pureem mornings the presiding Parnas, 
 Synagogues. n . -in 
 
 and the two next in rotation, shall go round the 
 
 Synagogue, each with a plate, the first to collect 
 the half-shekel (valued at Is. 6d.), the second 
 for Pureem money, and the third for the general 
 funds of the Congregation. The last two are 
 voluntary, but the first is compulsory, and shall 
 be charged to the account of every Yahid who is 
 not present in the Synagogue. 
 
 87. On the fasts of Guedaliah, Tebet, Esther, 
 Tamuz, and Ab, the Secretary shall go round at 
 Minha with a plate, to collect for the funds of 
 the Congregation. 
 
 88. There shall also be in the Synagogues, 
 upstairs and downstairs, boxes for donations, 
 which shall be opened at least once annually, 
 and the amount found in them shall be paid 
 into the funds of the Congregation. 
 
 89. The seats in our Synagogues shall be
 
 33 
 
 granted by a complete Mahamad to the Yehidiin, Distribution 
 Yehidot and Congregators, and to such other synagogues, 
 persons as may desire to become seatholders. 
 
 Register books shall be kept by the Secretary, Register of 
 wherein shall be entered the names of the persons 
 to whom seats are allotted, and to each such person 
 a card shall be furnished, signed by the Secretary, 
 specifying the number of his or her seat, and 
 declaring it to be held subject to the Ascaniot. 
 
 In the event of the holder of any seat quitting 
 the Kingdom, contravening any of the Ascamot, 
 or dying, his or her seat shall revert to the 
 Mahamad and may be re-allotted by them. 
 
 90. The united Yeshibot of Heshaim and Heshaim 
 Mahane Rephael shall continue under the super- Raphael!* 11 
 vision of the Elders of the Congregation, as 
 agreed with Heshaim in 5590 1830. 
 
 91. The present funds, which consist of 
 5,854. 13s. 6d. India 3J per cent. Stock, and 34 
 annuity Class B of the Scinde, Punjaub and 
 Delhi Railway belonging to Heshaim, and 
 2,678. 14s. 3d. Natal 3 per cent. Inscribed Stock 
 belonging to Mahane Rephael, shall continue 
 vested in the names of four Trustees, to be 
 appointed by the Elders. 
 
 The Scinde Stock is an available fund, and 
 the India 3| per cent. Stock, 5,854. 13s. 6d., is 
 a permanent fund, the interest alone being 
 applicable for the purposes of the institution.
 
 34 
 
 Heshaim All payments for Life Governorships and legacies 
 Rephaei. shall be added to such fund. 
 
 92. The United Yeshibot shall be supported by 
 the interest on their funded properties, by the 
 subscriptions of members, which is fixed at 12s. 
 per annum for gentlemen and 6s. per annum for 
 ladies, and by grants, if necessary, from the funds 
 of the Congregation. A payment of 5. 5s. by 
 gentlemen, and 3. 3s. by ladies, shall constitute 
 them Life Governors. 
 
 93. The government of the United Yeshibot 
 shall be vested in a Committee of Management, 
 (consisting of the Treasurer and Parnas of 
 Heshaim and nine Inspectors), jointly with the 
 Mahamad. 
 
 The Inspectors shall be elected by the Elders 
 every two years from among the Yehidim of the 
 Congregation, and if not already members of the 
 institution they shall be considered as such 
 during their tenure of office. The Committee 
 of Management shall meet, if necessary, half- 
 yearly, in the months of Heshvan and Ivar, for 
 the election of students and for general purposes, 
 and at the meeting in lyar the Treasurer shall 
 present the accounts of the institution for the 
 preceding year. Three members shall form a 
 quorum at such meetings. 
 
 94. The number of students to be admitted 
 into the Medrash shall not be less than six, pro-
 
 35 
 
 vided a sufficient number of fit and proper persons, Heshaim 
 
 *, r and MahanS 
 
 haying a knowledge of the English language, Rephaei. 
 is obtainable. 
 
 The pay of such students shall be regulated 
 according to their proficiency and usefulness, but 
 shall not in any case exceed 4 per month, to 
 include attendance and discharge of duties at 
 both Yeshibot. 
 
 95. The Medrash shall be open for collective 
 study at least once in each week, and a register 
 shall be kept, in which each student shall sign his 
 name at every attendance, and which shall be 
 countersigned by the head of the Medrash. 
 
 96. The Committee shall have power to 
 suspend any student for neglect of duty or other 
 reasonable cause, and shall report the same at the 
 first general meeting. 
 
 97. In accordance with resolutions adopted by 
 the Governors of Heshaim in 5603 1843, and 
 sanctioned by the Elders, scholarships may be 
 granted by the United Yeshibot for the advance- 
 ment of such boys from our schools as may 
 exhibit talent, so that by a suitable secular and 
 religious education they may be qualified to fill 
 clerical offices in the Consrreffation. 
 
 o o 
 
 98. The Committee shall appoint a Secretary, 
 whose duties shall be to keep the accounts, make 
 out and render the bills for subscriptions annually . 
 in the month of Elul, receive and pay, by direc-
 
 36 
 
 Heshaim 
 and Mahane 
 Rephael. 
 
 Meetings of 
 
 Hebra. 
 
 Arrange- 
 ments for 
 Funerals. 
 
 Graves. 
 
 tion of the Treasurer, the salaries of the students, 
 and all other expenses of the institution, to issue 
 notices for, and attend all meetings, and keep the 
 usual minutes. 
 
 99. At no time shall the congregational funds 
 be made liable for any part of the expenses of 
 these United Yeshibot, beyond what the Elders 
 may grant towards their support. 
 
 100. The Parnassiin of Hebra shall call meet- 
 ings of the members of that society half-yearly, 
 if necessary, to legislate on its affairs, and the 
 Mahamad shall be summoned to and may vote 
 at the said meetings. 
 
 101. The control of all arrangements connected 
 with funerals shall be vested in the Parnassim of 
 Hebra, after the sanction for burial has been 
 given by the Mahamad. 
 
 102. All deceased adults being Yehidim,Yehidot, 
 or Congregators shall be interred in one of our 
 burial grounds, in graves following each other in 
 the order of burial, excepting in the case of 
 
 (1) Reserved graves ; 
 
 (2) A Haham or Kazan who may, in ac- 
 cordance with custom, be buried at 
 the commencement of a row ; and 
 
 (3) Those who, according to the Ascamot, 
 shall have incurred the penalty of 
 not being buried in the regular row.
 
 37 
 
 There shall be a separate row for children Graves, 
 between the rows of adults. 
 
 103. There shall be equality in the measure- Tombstones, 
 ments of the tombs to be placed on the graves. 
 
 Those for adults shall not exceed 6^ feet in length, 
 3 feet in breadth, and ]^ feet in height, including 
 the thickness of the stone, except it be to cover 
 two graves, when they must be in like proportions. 
 Those for children must not exceed 3| feet in 
 length, 1^ feet in breadth, and 1J feet in height, 
 including the thickness of the stone ; and should 
 in any case these limits be exceeded, the stone 
 shall be forthwith reduced to such limits. 
 
 104. The following spaces shall be allowed for 
 each grave : 
 
 HENDON BURIAL GROUND. 
 
 Adults' Graves. 2^ feet in breadth, Measure- 
 3| feet if with a foundation, 5 feet in depth, <jraYesat 
 and 2 feet between each grave. Three rows Hendon. 
 of adults' graves, 6 feet wide, each with a 
 space of 2 feet between the rows, to be 
 arranged in every 25 feet of the ground. 
 
 Children's Graves. 1^ feet in breadth, 
 4 feet in depth, and ^ foot between each grave. 
 
 MILE END BURIAL GROUND. Measure- 
 
 Childrens Graves. The same measure- Graves at 
 
 ments as at Hendon. Mile End *
 
 38 
 
 Service at 
 Funerals. 
 
 Hashcabot. 
 
 No provision is made for adults' graves, all 
 space now unoccupied having been reserved. 
 
 105. Each person buried in the regular row 
 or in a reserved grave shall have the usual 
 ceremonies performed on the burial ground, 
 according to age and sex, and day of burial. 
 
 106. An Hashcaba shall be said for the deceased 
 in the Synagogues on the Sabbath (if not 
 a festival) following the burial, and during 
 the week of mourning in the morning when 
 prayers are not read with Minyan in the house 
 of the deceased or of the mourners, and 
 likewise on the mornings of the seventh day, 
 the thirtieth day, and the expiration of the 
 eleven months from the day of burial. 
 
 107. An Hashcaba may likewise be said in 
 Synagogue for any Jew or Jewess not buried in 
 one of our burial grounds, if desired, but for 
 the first time this shall not be done without 
 permission from the presiding Parnas, and should 
 there be two or more Hashcabot on the same 
 day, precedence shall be given to those buried in 
 our burial grounds, and to men before women, 
 and, where other circumstances are equal, to the 
 person first buried. 
 
 108. On each Sabbath afternoon a general 
 Hashcaba shall be said for all those w T ho have 
 had the first Hashcaba made in the customary 
 manner until the completion of the eleven
 
 39 
 
 months after burial. The names of all persons Hashcabot. 
 who shall have bequeathed a legacy to the 
 Synagogue of 10 or upwards, or whose relations 
 shall have given a donation of not less than 10 
 in their memory, shall be included in a general 
 Hashcaba, which shall be said every month in the 
 Thursday Afternoon Services (the list to be 
 divided between the several Thursdays in each 
 month), and also on Kippur evening, after the 
 Service, which shall serve for the whole month 
 of Tishri, and the Mahamad may include in the 
 list the names of any persons deemed worthy 
 although no legacy or donation in memoriam has 
 been received. 
 
 109. On the three special days before men- Lights in 
 tioned in Law 106, which it is customary to ^"decease 
 observe in Synagogue in memory of deceased personSt 
 persons, there may be lighted two lights at the 
 
 ark, and two on the reading desk. 
 
 110. No corpse shall be brought into Prohibition 
 Synagogue or into the Medrash except that of corpses Vto 
 the Haham of the Congregation. Synagogue. 
 
 111. The Mitsva of saying Kadeesh in Syna- Mitsva of 
 gogue shall only be given to one who has lost a 
 parent and during the first eleven months after 
 
 the decease. 
 
 112. No Yahid or Congregator shall be per- Soiemniza- 
 mitted to be married in this Congregation except Marriages, 
 by the recognised officers (the authority of the
 
 40 
 
 Solemniza- 
 tion of 
 Marriages. 
 
 Register of 
 Marriages. 
 
 Mahamad being first obtained), and in all cases 
 where the parties seeking permission are dis- 
 qualified from having the ceremony performed by 
 the Haham or Hazanim, the person specially 
 appointed by the Mahamad shall officiate at such 
 
 marriage. 
 
 113. Any Yahid or Congregator intending to 
 marry in some town or place in the country, 
 where there is a recognised Jewish Congregation, 
 may, with the sanction of the Mahamad, have his 
 marriage solemnised by the officers of that Con- 
 gregation ; but in all cases where such marriage 
 is to be registered in the books of our Synagogue, 
 the officers of this Congregation, or the Secretary 
 acting as Registrar, if attending in the country, 
 shall have their travelling expenses paid, and a 
 fee for their respective attendances, to be fixed by 
 the Mahamad, from the person so marrying. 
 
 114. There shall be kept in the Vestry Room 
 Registers of Marriages celebrated in our Con- 
 gregation, the one a Hebrew Register consisting 
 of copies of the Ketubot, the other an English 
 Register as required by Act of Parliament. Each 
 person on being married shall pay a fee, which shall 
 not be less than Five Shillings, nor more than 
 Five Guineas. The Mahamad, at their discretion, 
 shall fix the amount in each individual case, and 
 shall have power, under exceptional circumstances, 
 to dispense with the payment of any fee. Any
 
 41 
 person being neither a Yahid nor son of one who Register of 
 
 111 -i i T oin Marriages. 
 
 has paid the burial rate under Law 61 shall pay 
 such burial rate on marriage. 
 
 115. There shall be kept in the Vestry Room Register of 
 a Register of Births, wherein the Secretary shall 
 register, both by the Hebrew and English names, 
 
 and with the Hebrew and English date, the birth 
 of every son and daughter of a Yahid or Con- 
 gregator who has married a Jewess, for which 
 purpose notice shall be given by the parent to 
 the Secretary, of the name and day of birth of 
 the child. 
 
 116. There shall also be kept in the Vestry Register of 
 Room a Register of Burials, wherein the Secretary 
 
 shall enter the names of all persons buried in our 
 burial grounds, with the Hebrew and English date 
 of burial, for which purpose the Keepers of our 
 Burial Grounds shall, every three months, furnish 
 the Secretary with a list of burials which have 
 taken place during that period. 
 
 117. This Congregation shall be represented on Board of 
 the London Committee of Deputies of British 
 Jews by six gentlemen to be chosen by the 
 Yehidim from their body. The election shall, 
 
 in accordance with the constitution of the said 
 Committee, be a triennial election, and take place 
 in the month of Ivar. Deputies shall hold office 
 for three years and be eligible for re-election on 
 the expiration of their term of office.
 
 42 
 
 Board of On the non-acceptance, resignation, or death of 
 ie8 ' any of the Deputies, the Mahamad shall within 
 two months of such vacancy occurring, give 
 notice of the same, and summon a meeting of the 
 Yehidim on a day to be appointed for the purpose, 
 to nominate any Yahid, or Yehidim, for the office 
 of Deputy or Deputies, and at an interval not 
 exceeding fourteen days from such date of 
 nomination, a ballot, if necessary, shall be taken 
 in the Vestrv Room, for the election of such 
 
 / t 
 
 Deputy or Deputies. The ballot shall remain 
 open from the hours of eleven till two in the 
 day, and the person or persons having the largest 
 number of votes (or if the votes be equal, the 
 eldest by membership of those having such equal 
 votes) shall be declared elected, and their names 
 proclaimed in our Synagogues. Such Deputy or 
 Deputies shall hold office until the next triennial 
 election. No proxies shall be allowed, and no 
 Yahid shall be allowed to vote who shall be 
 indebted to the Synagogue for more than twelve 
 months' Finta and offerings. Any expenses 
 which may be incurred by the Board of Deputies, 
 shall be borne by this Congregation in the pro- 
 portion which the relative number of our 
 representatives bears to the whole number of 
 Deputies, and shall be paid out of the funds of 
 the Congregation, but at no time shall the Con- 
 gregational Deputies allow the Congregation to
 
 43 
 
 be committed to any expense, of which the Board of 
 proportion of our Synagogue shall in any one eput 
 year exceed One Hundred Pounds, without first 
 obtaining the consent of the Elders. 
 
 At any time when the said Deputies shall 
 have occasion to interfere with regard to matters 
 of a religious nature, they shall always do so under 
 the advice and direction of the Ecclesiastical 
 Authorities, with whom alone rests the spiritual 
 guidance of the community. 
 
 At meetings of Elders any matters which the 
 Deputies may desire to propose shall be sub- 
 mitted immediately after the subjects contained 
 in the speech of the Mahamad, and at all times 
 when the Deputies shall request the Mahamad 
 to call a meeting of the Elders, the Mahamad 
 shall comply with such request. 
 
 118. The real property of the Congrega- Trustees of 
 tion shall be vested in the names of seven Trus- Property, 
 tees, such Trustees to be selected from the 
 Yehidim of the Congregation who have been 
 elected to and served, the office of Parnas or 
 Gabay. 
 
 Whenever the number of Trustees shall be 
 reduced by death or otherwise the Elders may, 
 and when reduced to below four the Elders shall, 
 name others to complete the number of seven, 
 and every such Trustee shall sign a deed 
 declaring that he holds the property in trust for 
 
 D
 
 44 
 
 Repairs 
 Fund. 
 
 Trustees of 
 
 Funded 
 
 Properties. 
 
 Donations 
 for Holy 
 Land. 
 
 the use of the Yehidim, at the disposal of the 
 Elders, and as they shall direct. 
 
 119. A fund shall be maintained for the repair 
 of the Synagogues and buildings appertaining 
 thereto, for which purpose the Elders may from 
 time to time appropriate any sums which may be 
 available out of income, or from any source other 
 than capital funds. 
 
 120. The funds belonging to the Congregation, 
 and those under the administration of the Elders 
 or Mahamad, shall stand in the names of four 
 persons appointed by the Elders, and at any 
 time when a vacancy occurs, by death or other- 
 wise, the Mahamad shall report it to the Elders 
 at their first meeting, and some other person or 
 persons shall be appointed to supply the vacancy 
 or vacancies. All persons in whose names may 
 be placed any funds belonging to the Congregation 
 or to the said several trusts, shall resign their 
 trust whenever called upon so to do by a resolu- 
 tion of the Elders. No sale of invested funds or 
 properties of the Congregation shall be made (ex- 
 cept for re-investment) unless the same be autho- 
 rised by a resolution to that effect passed at a meet- 
 ing of the Elders duly convened, by a two-thirds 
 majority of the Elders voting at such meeting. 
 
 121. Donations which may be received for the 
 Holy Land shall, unless otherwise directed, be 
 remitted periodically by the Mahamad in the 
 following proportions :
 
 45 
 
 For Jerusalem, eleven twenty -fourths. Donations 
 
 * for Holy 
 
 For Safet, seven twenty-fourths. Land. 
 
 For Hebron, six twenty-fourths. 
 
 122. The congregational charities shall be Board of 
 administered by a Board of Guardians, consisting : 
 
 1. Of not more than twelve members 
 to be elected by the Yehidim from their 
 own body. 
 
 2. Of the Mahamad for the time being, 
 including those retiring from office during 
 the year. 
 
 The Board of Guardians so constituted shall 
 have power to add to their own body repre- 
 sentatives of the following institutions : 
 
 1. Mehil Sedaca, 
 
 2. Honen Dalim, 
 
 3. Mahasim Tobim, 
 
 4. Trustees of the Lara Fund ; 
 
 also lady members to a number not exceeding 
 six, such ladies to be Yehidot, or wives or 
 daughters of Yehidim. 
 
 123. Before the election of the twelve members 
 to be chosen by the Yehidim, the Secretary of 
 the Synagogue shall apply annually, in the month 
 of November, to the Honorary Secretary of the 
 Board of Guardians for a list of the members 
 of the Board, elected by the Yehidim, who 
 desire to be nominated for re-election, so that 
 
 D 2
 
 46 
 Board of their names may be printed in the notices con- 
 
 Guardians. . . . ft'* r- r\ 
 
 vening the meeting tor election or Guardians. 
 
 124. A circular letter shall be addressed by the 
 Secretary of the Synagogue to the Yehidim, also 
 in the month of November, notifying that nomi- 
 nation of other gentlemen to serve as Guardians 
 may be made, the names of such gentlemen to 
 be sent in writing to the Secretarv of the 
 
 O / 
 
 Synagogue during the first week in December, 
 (their assent having been first obtained), and such 
 names shall also appear in the notices convening 
 the meeting for the election of Guardians. No 
 nominations shall be accepted at the meeting 
 unless there be less than twelve names included 
 in the notices convening the meeting. No meet- 
 ing of the Yehidim for the election of Guardians 
 shall be necessary if only twelve members are 
 nominated, and then they shall be the members 
 of the Board of Guardians for the ensuing year. 
 
 125. No persons shall be deemed eligible to 
 receive relief from the Board of Guardians unless 
 they be Spanish and Portuguese Jews, or those 
 accustomed to congregate with them. 
 
 Beth Hoiim. 126. The Mahamad and the Board of Guardians 
 Mahamad mav recommend persons as inmates of the 
 Beth Holim Hospital. A grant may be made 
 
 to recom- to the Hospital by the Elders, but the congre- 
 inmates. gational funds shall not be made liable for any 
 part of its expenses.
 
 lartinilars 0f Crusts, 
 
 antr <s%r Ithtasts' Crust. 
 
 Created under the wills of Aaron Abecasis 
 and Esther his wife, who died respectively in 
 1903 and 1905. The income is applicable to the 
 support of the Yeshiba called " Beth Aaron " 
 established in Jerusalem. 
 The Funds consist of: 
 
 1.017 15 2 Cape of Good Hope Con- 
 solidated 3J per Cent. 
 Stock. 
 
 1,012 12 2 Natal 3J per Cent. Consoli- 
 dated Stock, 1934-1944. 
 This Trust is administered bv the Mahamad. 
 
 This Trust Fund consists of the balance of an 
 amount bequeathed by Joseph Barrow (who died 
 in 1806) for the erection and endowment of 
 almshouses, together with the accumulation of 
 moneys from the investment of surplus income
 
 48 
 
 derived from part of the Almshouse premises 
 in Cock Court, Jewry Street, presented in 1823 
 by Sir Moses Montefiore, who diedjin 1885. The 
 income is applicable towards the upkeep of the 
 Congregational Almshouses in Devonshire Street,, 
 Mile" End. 
 
 The Fund consists of 1,516. 12s. 8d. Natal 
 3 per Cent. Consolidated Stock, 1929-1949. 
 
 This Trust is administered bv the Mahamad. 
 
 of sstfat 
 
 Founded in the year 1761 by Benjamin Mendes 
 da Costa and Isaac de David Levy, and augmented 
 by a sum of 200 bequeathed under the will of 
 Sir Moses Montefiore, Bart. The income is 
 applicable to the payment of the pupils and to 
 the support of the said Yeshiba, to promote therein 
 the study, during two nights in the week for two 
 hours, of Arambam and his commentators. The 
 Yeshiba meets from the ninth day after Taber- 
 nacles until after Pureem. 
 
 The Funds consist of 650. 5s. 3d. and 
 204. 8d. lid. Victoria 3 per Cent. Inscribed 
 Stock, 1929-1949. 
 
 This Trust is administered by the Society of.' 
 Heshaim.
 
 49 
 
 jjannalr be ^bila's Crust. 
 
 Created under the will of Hannah de Avila, 
 who died in 1741. The income is distributable 
 among poor widows of the Congregation. 
 
 The Fund consists of 159. 6s. 2d. London 
 County Council 3 per Cent. Consolidated Stock. 
 
 Administration delegated to the Board of 
 Guardians. 
 
 fosepjj llarroto's Crust. 
 
 Fund consists of 189. 4s. 7d. London County 
 Council 3 per Cent. Consolidated Stock. 
 
 The income is applicable to the general 
 purposes of the Synagogue. 
 
 ^mbac0k's Crust. 
 
 * s *J 
 
 Created under the will of Esther Benhacok, 
 who died in 1822. The income is applicable (a) 
 as to 9 per annum to the Gates of Hope School, 
 and (h) as to 9. 1 8s. 2d. per annum to the Board 
 of Guardians for distribution among the inmates 
 of the Synagogue Buildings, now forming part 
 of the Congregational Almshouses. 
 
 The Fund consists of 663. 7s. 2d. Natal 3 per 
 Cent. Consolidated Stock, 1929-1949. 
 
 () Administered by the Committee of the 
 Gates of Hope School. (b) Administration dele- 
 gated to the Board of Guardians.
 
 50 
 
 Jfatobr be Jlabib Carbosso's Crust. 
 
 Created under the will of Jacob Cardosso, who 
 
 died in 1760. The income is distributable as to 
 
 (a) 38. 9s. per annum to the Society 
 
 of Mahasim Tobim. 
 (&) 9. 10s. per annum for the general 
 
 purposes of the Synagogue, 
 (c) 5. 10s. 4d. per annum for distribution 
 
 of shirts and collars. 
 
 The Fund consists of 1,875. 19s. lOd. Victoria 
 3 per Cent. Inscribed Stock, 1929-1949. 
 
 (a) Administered by the Governors of 
 Mahasim Tobim. (c) Administration delegated 
 to the Board of Guardians. 
 
 Jacob lc(m are's Crust. 
 
 Created by Jacob Delmare, who died in 1831. 
 The dividends are remitted half yearly to the 
 Hahamim of Jerusalem, Safet, Hebron and 
 Tiberias. 
 
 The Fund consists of 2,620. 3s. Cardiff 
 3 per Cent. Redeemable Stock, 1914-1954. 
 
 This Trust is administered bv the M aha mad. 
 
 j)ahn anb Jlarjul (gstebes' Crust. 
 
 Created by Deed of Gift by Haim and Rachel 
 Esteves in 1740. The income is distributable (in
 
 51 
 
 default of application by the descendants of the 
 donors) among poor widows of the Congregation. 
 
 The Fund consists of 348. 8s. 4d. Huddersfield 
 3 per Cent. Redeemable Stock. 
 
 Administration delegated to the Board of 
 Guardians. 
 
 Jutmb (6ueballa's Crust. 
 Created in 1856 bv Judah Guedalla, who died 
 
 */ / 
 
 in 1858. The income is applicable (a) as to 
 76 per annum to the maintenance of a Yeshiba 
 in Jerusalem, and () as to 8. 16s. 4d. per 
 annum to the purchase of clothing for the girls 
 attending the National and Infant School. 
 
 The Fund consists of 2,548. 2s. India 3J 
 per Cent. Stock. 
 
 This Trust is administered by the Trustees 
 jointly with the Mahamad. 
 
 James' (trust. 
 
 Apportioned by the Executors of David James 
 (otherwise David James Belasco), who died in 
 1893. The income is applicable for the benefits 
 of the poor of the Congregation. 
 
 The Fund consists of 417. 11s. Victoria 
 3 per Cent. Inscribed Stock, 1929-1949. 
 
 This Trust is administered bv the Mahamad.
 
 52 
 
 Hurslwbt's Crust. 
 
 *_> ij 
 
 Gift made in 1884 by the Misses Grace Eloise 
 and Serena Kursheedt. The income is applicable 
 to keeping in proper repair and order the graves of 
 Mr. Gershom Kursheedt, Mrs. Grace Kursheedt, 
 Mr. Judah Guedalla and Mrs. Esther de Judah 
 Guedalla. 
 
 The Fund consists of 207. 15s. 2d. Metro- 
 politan Consolidated 3 per Cent. Stock. 
 
 This Trust is administered bv the Mahamad. 
 
 Crwst. 
 
 Created by Deed of Gift dated 12th November, 
 17 06. The income is applicable as to four-fifths 
 to the Orphan Society and one-fifth to the Gates 
 of Hope Schoo). 
 
 The Fund consists of 5,152. 5s. 4d. British 
 Columbia 3 per Cent. Inscribed Stock, 1941. 
 
 This Trust is administered bv the Committees 
 
 / 
 
 of the Orphan Society and of the Gates of Hope 
 School. 
 
 Jura's Crusts. 
 I. 
 
 Created by Deed of Trust bearing date 13th 
 December, 1827. Of the annual income the sum 
 of 550 is specifically appropriated as follows :
 
 53 
 
 (a) Two scholarships of 75 each 150 
 
 (b) Marriage portion ... ... 100 
 
 (c) Allowances of 5 each to ten 
 
 lying-in women ... ... 50 
 
 (d) Clothing for twenty girls at a 
 
 cost of 2 each ... ... 40 
 
 (e) Supplying medicines to the Con- 
 
 gregational poor ... ... 70 
 
 (f) Supplying linen shrouds for 
 
 the poor, and for the general 
 objects of the Hebra (Burial 
 Society) ... ... ... 70 
 
 (g) Maintenance of four aged per- 
 
 sons in the Beth Holim 
 Hospital 70 
 
 550 
 
 The balance of the income is at the disposal of 
 the Mahamad for the benefit of aged and decrepit 
 persons and deserted children. 
 
 All recipients under this Trust must be Spanish 
 and Portuguese Jews by parentage on both sides. 
 The Funds consist of : 
 
 19,223 12 9 Metropolitan Consolidated 
 
 3 per Cent. Stock. 
 
 19,047 18 7 India 3| per Cent. Stock. 
 The specific bequests under* 1 this Trust are 
 administered by the Trustees jointly with the
 
 54 
 
 Mahamad. The balance is administered by 
 the Mahamad. 
 
 II. LOAN FUND. 
 
 Created by the before- mentioned Deed. The 
 income is applicable to granting loans in manner 
 stipulated by the Deed. 
 
 The Fund, with accumulations from income, 
 consists of 1,200 Cardiff 3 per Cent.Redeemable 
 Stock. 
 
 This Trust is administered by the Trustees 
 jointly with the Mahamad. 
 
 ib cbarbuntl tinWs Crust 
 
 Created by Deeds bearing date the 6th May 
 1850, and the 4th February, 1851. The income 
 is distributable annually among the poor of the 
 Congregation on the 6th Adar and the 26th 
 Heshvan, the anniversaries respectively of the 
 deaths of David Abarbanel Lindo and of Sarah 
 his wife. 
 
 The Fund consists of 881. 4s. 5d. Huddersfield 
 3 per Cent. Redeemable Stock. 
 
 Administration delegated to the Board of 
 Guardians.
 
 55 
 
 of HJafraiu flcpjrael. 
 
 Founded by Benjamin Mendes da Costa in 1734, 
 to perpetuate the memory of his only son, and 
 subsequently amalgamated with Heshaim. The 
 income is applicable to the general purposes of 
 the combined Yeshibot of Heshaim and Mahane 
 Rephael. 
 
 The Fund consists of 2,678. 14s. 3d. Natal 3 
 per Cent. Consolidated Stock, 1929-1949. 
 
 This Trust is administered by the Society of 
 Heshaim. 
 
 gibrabant ilotrrujues Marques' (Trust. 
 
 Created by the will of the late Abraham 
 Rodrigues Marques, who died in 1675, and has 
 for its object the provision from time to time out 
 of the income of the Fund of dowers of 50 each 
 to female orphans of the Congregation on their 
 marriage. The dowers are granted by the 
 Mahamad. 
 
 The Fund consists of 2,295. 8s. 2J per Cent. 
 Consolidated Stock, standing to the credit of the 
 suit Attorney-General v. Henriques. 
 
 Abraham anfc <rii ||tocatta (trust. 
 
 Created by the Misses Ella and Katie Mocatta 
 in 1904 in memory of their parents. The income
 
 56 
 
 is credited annually to the Repairs Fund of the 
 Congregation. 
 
 The Fund consists of 1,000 Bengal and North- 
 Western Railway 3^ per Cent. Cumulative Pre- 
 ference Stock. 
 
 This Trust is administered by the Mahamad. 
 
 Sir |Jlcrs*s jJfonMon's Crusts. 
 
 I. RAMSGATE ENDOWMENT. 
 Created under a Deed of Foundation and Trust 
 executed by Sir Moses Montefiore, Bart., in 1866. 
 The income is applicable to the maintenance of a 
 Synagogue and Theological College in Ramsgate. 
 The Trust property consists of the Synagogue, 
 College, and other freehold houses and land at 
 Ramsgate, and of the following Funds : 
 
 14,500 Bank of England Stock. 
 15,000 Stock of the Imperial Con- 
 tinental Gas Association. 
 891 Annuity "B " of the Scinde, 
 Punjaub and Delhi Rail- 
 way Company. 
 
 1,966 15 3 Corporation of London 3 
 per Cent. New Debenture 
 Stock. 
 1,250 2J per Cent. Consolidated 
 
 Stock. 
 749 7 4 Ditto.
 
 57 
 
 552 1 5 Local Loans 3 per Cent. 
 
 Stock. 
 
 500 New Shares of the Alliance 
 Life and Fire Insurance 
 Company. 
 This Trust is administered by the Elders. 
 
 II. COALS AND BLANKETS FUND. 
 
 Created under Sir Moses Mon ten" ore's will. 
 
 The income is divisible equally between the 
 
 Board of Guardians of this Congregation and the 
 
 Board of Guardians of the German community in 
 
 / 
 
 London, for the purchase of coals and blankets to 
 be distributed annually to deserving poor Jews. 
 The Funds consist of: 
 
 1,000 Bank of England Stock. 
 5,000 Stock of the Imperial Conti- 
 nental Gas Association. 
 
 This Trust is administered by the Trustees of 
 the Keal Properties of the Spanish and Portu- 
 guese Synagogue, Bevis Marks. 
 
 III. HOLY LAND FUND. 
 
 Also created under his will. The annual income 
 is applicable " as to two-fifth parts thereof for the 
 benefit of learned and necessitous Jews dwelling 
 in Jerusalem, and as to one-fifth part thereof 
 each for the benefit of learned and necessitous 
 Jews dwelling in Safet, Hebron and Tiberias,
 
 58 
 
 the advice of the Haham Bashi and the Chief 
 Rabbi of the German Congregation for the time 
 being of each of the above-mentioned cities to 
 be taken in making the distribution." 
 The Funds consist of: 
 
 750 Annuity " B " of the Scinde, Punjaub 
 
 and Delhi Railway Company. 
 1,000 Bank of England Stock. 
 5,000 Stock of the Imperial Continental 
 
 Gas Association. 
 
 This Trust is administered by the said Trustees 
 of the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue, Bevis 
 Marks. 
 
 3>rtlnir 
 
 Created under the will of Arthur Sehag Monte- 
 fiore, who died in 1895. The income is applicable 
 to planting flowers in and beautifying the Rams- 
 gate Burial Ground in which he is interred. 
 
 The Fund consists of 172. 8s. 4d. London 
 County Council 3 per Cent. Consolidated Stock. 
 
 This Trust is administered by the Mahamad. 
 
 Isaac |10brigius ftuius' (Trust. 
 Created by the will of Isaac Rodrigues Nunes, 
 who died in 1793. The annual income is appli- 
 cable as follows : () 10s. each to the Society of
 
 59 
 
 Heshaim, Hebra, Beth Holim, Gates of Hope 
 School and Terra Santa ; (b) 2. 10s. to the 
 general funds of the Synagogue, and (c) the 
 balance distributed immediately before Kippur 
 amongst the Congregational poor. 
 
 The Fund consists of 671. 19s. lOd. Natal 3 
 per Cent. Consolidated Stock, 1929-1949. 
 
 This Trust is administered by the Mahamad and 
 the distribution of the money to the poor is dele- 
 gated to the Board of Guardians. 
 
 Cntst. 
 
 Created by Deed of Gift by Dr. Emanuel 
 Pacifico, who died in 1851, for the purchase of 
 a freehold site and erection of almshouses 
 thereon. The almshouses were situated at 
 London Fields, Hackney, and with the approval 
 of the Charity Commissioners the site was sold 
 in 1900 and the net proceeds of sale were invested 
 in the names of the Official Trustees of Charitable 
 Funds. The income is applicable towards the 
 upkeep of the Congregational Almshouses in 
 Devonshire Street, Mile End. 
 
 The Fund consists of 744. 19s. 3d. Local 
 Loans 3 per Cent. Stock. 
 
 This Trust is administered by the Mahamad. 
 
 E
 
 60 
 
 Crust. 
 
 Created under the will of Elias Lopes Pereira, 
 who died in 1809. The income is partly dis- 
 tributable in money and partly in the purchase of 
 shirts and collars to be given to the poor 
 immediately before Bosh Hashana. 
 
 The Fund consists of 179. 16s. 6d. Hudders- 
 field 3 per Cent. Redeemable Stock. 
 
 Administration delegated to the Board of 
 Guardians. 
 
 Crust 
 
 Created under the will of David Alves Rebello, 
 who died in 1796. The income is applicable to 
 the purchase of boots, shirts, stockings, etc., to 
 be distributed annually about the 1st November. 
 
 The Fund consists of 499. 12s. 5d. Hudders- 
 field 3 per Cent. Redeemable Stock. 
 
 Administration delegated to the Board of 
 Guardians. 
 
 |{0bria,itts' Crust, 
 Created under the will of Mrs. Welcome 
 Rodrigues, who died in 1887. The income is 
 applicable to the keeping in good repair the 
 tombstones over the graves of her parents, her 
 first husband Jacob Cohen and herself, and
 
 61 
 
 subject thereto for the charitable purposes of 
 the Synagogue. 
 
 The Fund consists of 97. 18s. 4d. India 
 3J per Cent. Stock. 
 
 This Trust is administered by the Mahamad. 
 
 of Cipjjmt ajntrim. 
 
 The Society is known by this title, but its 
 origin cannot be ascertained. Its income is paid 
 over annually to the Gates of Hope School. 
 
 The Fund consists of 61. 8s. lOd. London 
 County Council 3 per Cent. Consolidated Stock. 
 
 This Trust is administered by the Mahamad. 
 
 (girls' j&eljool instituted 05 Jfsaat oa 
 Costa illanal 
 
 Founded by Isaac da Costa Villareal, who died 
 in 1730, for the instruction and clothing of 
 twenty girls, daughters of poor members of the 
 Congregation. 
 
 The Fund consists of 2,429. 4s. lOd. India 
 3 1 per Cent. Stock. 
 
 The School is, together with the National and 
 Infant School, managed by a Ladies' Committee^ 
 and the appointment of the teacher of the 
 Villareal School is vested in the Mahamad and 
 heirs of the founder.
 
 s Crwst. 
 
 Created under the will of Mrs. Leah Zachariah, 
 who died in 1861. The annual income is applic- 
 able to the distribution immediately before 
 Passover of sums of 15s. each to poor families 
 belonging to the Congregation. 
 
 The Fund consists of 88.3. 16s. 7d. Cardiff 
 3 per Cent. Redeemable Stock. 
 
 Administration delegated to the Board of 
 Guardians.
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 AB 
 
 ABEL 
 
 ADAR ... 
 
 ASCAMA 
 
 ASCAMOT 
 
 BEREET 
 BETH DIN 
 BETH HAIM ... 
 BETH HAMEDRASH .. 
 BETH HOLIM ... 
 
 COMPLETE MAHAMAD 
 
 DIN 
 
 DIN TORAII 
 
 ELDERS 
 .ELUL 
 
 FINTA , 
 
 FlNTADOR 
 
 FlNTADORES ... 
 
 GABAY ... 
 
 GUEDALIAH, FAST OF 
 
 HAH AM 
 
 HAPHTARAH 
 
 HASHCABA 
 HASHCABOT 
 
 Fifth Hebrew month (approximately 
 in July). 
 
 Mourning. 
 
 Twelfth Hebrew month (approxi- 
 mately in March). 
 
 Law of the Congregation. 
 
 Plural of Ascama. 
 
 Circumcision. 
 
 Jewish Ecclesiastical Court. 
 
 Burial-ground. 
 
 Same as Medrash. 
 
 Hospital, founded in 1747. 
 
 The five members of the Mahamad, 
 or one or more Elders called in to 
 complete that number. 
 
 Jewish Ecclesiastical Law. 
 
 Yehidim who have served the office 
 
 of Parnas or Gabay. 
 Sixth Hebrew month (approximately 
 
 in August). 
 
 Assessment for Congregational pur- 
 poses. 
 
 Assessor of Finta. 
 Plural of Fintador. 
 
 Treasurer. 
 
 The day following Jewish New 
 Year. 
 
 Ecclesiastical Chief of the Congre- 
 gation. 
 
 Portion of the Prophets. 
 Prayer for deceased persons. 
 Plural of Hashcaba.
 
 64 
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 HASHEM MELECH 
 
 HATAN TORAH 
 HATAN BERESHEET 
 
 HAZAN* 
 HAZANIH 
 
 HEBRA OF GUEMILUT 
 HASSADIM . 
 
 HESHAIM 
 
 HESHVAN 
 HONEN DALIM 
 
 IYAR , 
 
 KAAL ... 
 
 KADDEESH 
 
 KADDEESH TITTKABAL 
 
 KETUBOT 
 
 KIPPUR 
 
 LEVANTADOR ... 
 
 LEV ANT ADORES 
 LEVANTAR 
 
 Verse in Morning Service proclaim- 
 ing God's sovereignty. 
 
 Persons selected to read the con- 
 cluding and opening sections of 
 the Pentateuch. 
 
 Plural of Hatan Torah and Hatan 
 Beresheet. 
 
 Reader of the Congregation. 
 
 Plural of Kazan. 
 
 Title of the Burial Society of the 
 Congregation, founded in the 
 year 1665. 
 
 Title of the Theological College of 
 the Congregation, founded in the 
 year 1664. 
 
 Eighth Hebrew month (approxi- 
 mately in October). 
 
 Title of the Congregational Society 
 for granting Marriage Dowers, 
 and other purposes, founded in 
 the year 1724. 
 
 Second Hebrew month (approxi- 
 mately in May). 
 
 Congregation. 
 Prayer said by Mourners. 
 Prayer read in Daily Services. 
 Hebrew Marriage Contracts. 
 Day of Atonement. 
 
 Member of the Society entrusted 
 with duty of raising the Scroll of 
 the Law. 
 
 Plural of Levantador. 
 
 To raise the Scroll of the Law.
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 65 
 
 MAHAMAD 
 MAHASIM Toimi 
 
 MAPHTIR 
 MEDBASH 
 
 MEGUILLA 
 MEHIL SEDACA 
 
 MIXHA 
 Mix VAN 
 
 MlSHEBERACH... 
 MlTSVA 
 
 MlTSVOT 
 
 MUSAPH 
 
 NEDABOT 
 
 PARXAS 
 
 PARNASSIM 
 PDREEM 
 
 ROGATIVA 
 
 ROSH HASH ANA 
 ROSH HODESH ... 
 
 ROSH HODESH TAMUZ 
 
 ROSH HODESH TEBET 
 
 Wardens and Treasurer of the 
 Congregation. 
 
 Title of Congregational Loan, 
 Apprenticing and Emigration 
 Society, founded in the year 
 1749. 
 
 Additional portion in the reading of 
 the Law. 
 
 Theological College of the Con- 
 gregation. 
 
 Book of Esther. 
 
 Title of Congregational Dower 
 Society, founded in the year 1736. 
 
 Afternoon Service. 
 
 The requisite number to form a 
 Jewish Congregation, viz. : 10 
 males above the age of 13. 
 Prayer invoking a blessing on 
 individuals named therein. 
 
 Used here in the sense of a 
 Synagogue honour during Divine 
 Service. 
 
 Plural for Mitsva. 
 
 Additional to Morning Service. 
 
 Offerings. 
 
 Warden. 
 
 Plural of Parnas. 
 
 Feast of Esther. 
 
 Special prayer for a sick person. 
 
 Jewish New Year. 
 
 New Moon. 
 
 New Moon of the fourth Hebrew 
 month (approximately in June). 
 
 New Moon of the tenth Hebrew 
 month (approximately in Dec- 
 ember).
 
 66 
 
 GLOSSARY. 
 
 SEDACA 
 
 SEGANIM 
 
 SEPHARDI 
 
 SEPHEB 
 
 SHABBAT BERESHEET 
 
 SHALOSH PEGNAMIM... 
 
 SHEBAT 
 
 SHEBUOT 
 
 SlMHAT TORAH 
 
 TAMUZ 
 
 TEBET... 
 
 TERRA SANTA 
 TISHRI ... 
 
 VEADAR 
 
 YAHID 
 
 YEHIDA 
 
 YEHIDIM 
 YEHIDOT 
 
 YESHIBA 
 
 YESHIBOT 
 
 The Funds of the Congregation. 
 Persons chosen to stand next to the 
 
 Reader on the Reading Desk on 
 
 special occaisons. 
 Following the Ritual of the Spanish 
 
 and Portuguese Jews. 
 Scroll of the Law. 
 Sabbath on which the Book of 
 
 Genesis is commenced. 
 The three Festivals of Passover, 
 
 Pentecost and Tabernacles (Cp. 
 
 Deut. xvi. 16). 
 
 Eleventh Hebrew month (approxi- 
 mately in January). 
 Feast of Pentecost. 
 
 Concluding day of the Tabernacle 
 Holidays. 
 
 Fourth Hebrew month (approxi- 
 mately in June. 
 
 Tenth Hebrew month (approxi- 
 mately in December). 
 
 Holy Land. 
 
 Seventh Hebrew month (approxi- 
 mately in September). 
 
 Additional month in Hebrew Leap 
 Year (approximately in March). 
 
 Assessed Male Member of the 
 Congregation. 
 
 Assessed Female Member of the 
 
 Congregation. 
 Plural of Yahid. 
 Plural of Yehida. 
 Jewish Theological College. 
 Plural of Yeshiba. 
 
 ZEMIROT 
 
 ... Introductory Morning Service.
 
 000 880 487 4