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UC-NRLP

LIFE AT YALE

PUBLISHED BY THE ALTTMXI ADVISORY BOARD

OF
YALE UNIVERSITY

GIFT OF

LIFE AT YALE

A CORNER OF THE OLD COLLEGE CAMPUS

LIFE AT YALE

Prepared and published ill compliance with a vote of the Alumni
Advisory Board of Yale University directing "that the Alumni
Advisory Board prepare a pamphlet on Yale dealing with the Uni-
versity and with the various phases of Yale life"; the committee
appointed to take charge of this work consisting of Messrs.
Edward Hidden, '85, of St. Louis, Mo., Chairman; Robert Watkin-
son Huntington, Jr., '89, of Hartford, Conn.; Walter Alden
DeCamp, '90, of Cincinnati, Ohio.

EDITED BY EDWIN ROGERS EMBREE, '06, ALUMNI REGISTRAR

PRINTED BY

YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS
1912

GIFT

CONTENTS

PAGE

Yale Ideals, by President Hadley 5

What the Freshman Finds at Yale 9

Life at Yale College 15

Life at Sheffield Scientific School 27

Undergraduate Activities 36

Religious Life at Yale 50

Working One's Way 53

Graduate Interest and Organization 57

The Yale Man's New Haven 69

Sketch of the History of Yale 77

Information Facts and Figures Relating Particularly to the
Undergraduate Departments

Entrance Requirements 83

Courses of Study 85

The University Calendar 85

Expenses 86

Facilities for Self Help 86

University Privileges

The University Church 89

Concerts, Lectures, Collections, etc 89

Libraries 90

Laboratories 91

The Infirmary 92

General Club Life 92

Athletic Facilities 92

The Yale Corporation 95

The Alumni Advisory Board 97

Yale University outline of organization (inside back cover)

Many of the illustrations in this booklet are reproduced through the courtesy
of the Yale Alumni Weekly.

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YALE IDEALS
By ARTHUR TWINTXG HADLEY

President of Yale University

What are the things that Yale stands for ?

First and foremost, in common with every other college and uni-
versity worthy of the name, Yale stands for the pursuit of truth.

No school or group of schools, however brilliant, would deserve to
be called a university if it simply taught its students how to earn as
large fees as possible in their several callings. It must inspire them
with a higher ideal and a deeper motive. It must make them crave
to see things as they really are and to do things as they really ought
to be done; to make truth and right the objects of a man's effort,
instead of subordinating them to the pursuit of money, pleasure, or
power. These are the ideas which underlie all good college teaching,
in science and in history, in poetry and in philosophy, in morals and
in religion.

Yale also, in common with other universities, stands for breadth of
culture ; for a wide view of life and of what life means.

The man who goes to college has the leisure to know many kinds
of men and to study many kinds of things. If he uses this leisure
badly it results in mere dissipation, physical or mental as the case
may be. But if he uses it rightly and in our American colleges the
great majority of students are helped to use it rightly it means
culture. Culture is essentially a power to enjoy the best things in
life on as many different lines as possible, instead of confining our
interests to a narrow range of things which are immediately before
our eyes. Some of this power of enjoyment is learned in the class-
room itself. Some is learned by independent reading and thinking.
Some is learned by personal contact and conversation with instruc-
tors and with fellow students. Some often a very large part is
learned in connection with the social and athletic activities of the
student body. Any of these activities, when pursued in an honorable
spirit, increases a boy's range of appreciation and enjoyment and
tends to make him a broader man and a more cultivated gentleman.

Finally, Yale stands for training in citizenship. It aims to pre-
pare its students to be members of our American democracy. To

6 ^ LIFE. AT YALE

a greater or less degree every college does this. Every man is a
better citizen if tie has learned to love the truth and to broaden his
points of contact with life as a whole. But men may pursue the
truth either separately or shoulder to shoulder with their fellows.
Culture may be sought either by the individual for himself alone,
or by the citizen for himself and those about him. Yale encourages
a man to choose the second of these alternatives to do his thinking
as a member of a community rather than as an isolated individual.
This is the most distinct, if not the most important, lesson which
Yale teaches her students.

From the day when a boy comes to Yale as a freshman, he is
made to feel that he belongs to a closely knit commonwealth. He
enters into a heritage of traditions and sentiments common to the
students as a whole. He finds himself face to face with a body
of public opinion which he is given his share in moulding and to
which he is expected to conform as far as his conscience and his
abilities will permit him. This force of tradition and opinion is
what governs Yale; and in the main it does its work well. It
insists on clean living. It frowns on drunkenness ; it condemns sex-
ual dissipation unequivocally. There is no place where a boy with
right instincts, going out into the world to enjoy his freedom, gets
more help from public sentiment than he does at Yale. It is also
unequivocal in condemning shams of every kind. It encourages the
student to try to value men and things for what they are rather
than for what they advertise themselves to be. Of course it does
not always succeed in getting a true scale of values. Some things
look large to the student body which look small in after life. Some
things are judged under the influence of momentary waves of emo-
tion, which might be judged differently if the verdict were more
deliberate. But on the whole the standard is democratic and manly,
and in the majority of instances essentially right.

The boy also finds himself encouraged in every way to put his
talents at the service of the community. Is there something that
he can do with his brains or his voice or his hands or his feet?
Let him measure himself against others and show who can serve
the community best. By such competition will he get a proper
sense and proper rating of his own power ; by such competition will
the community get the leaders it wants to take charge of the things
that it wants done. Here again the judgment of the student body is

YALE IDEALS 7

far from perfect. It does not always reward most highly the things
that are best worth doing. Its tests of power are not always as
broad or as wise as those that maturer men might apply. But such
as the competition is, it is fairly conducted more fairly than in
almost any other community. Nor does Yale confine its apprecia-
tion to the man who has succeeded. To him who comes out first it
gives the prize. To him who has tried and fallen short it gives
honorable recognition and encouragement to try again. It condemns
none except the man who was too lazy or too self-centered to try at
all.

These, then, are the things for which Yale stands: The pursuit
of truth as an ideal, the development of breadth of understanding,
and the training for citizenship which results from fair competition
and government by public opinion.

CONNECTICUT HALL, THE OLD DORMITORY ERECTED IN 1750,
SEEN THROUGH THE CLASS OF 1896 MEMORIAL GATEWAY

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WHAT THE FKESHMAN FINDS AT YALE

An entering Class at Yale comes to New Haven from the four
quarters of the globe. Men from Texas and Pennsylvania arrive
on the same train. They meet at the station a group from Illinois,
another from Hartford and another from Seattle, Wash. ; while
already in the city, perspiring over last examinations, are planters'
sons from the South, farmers' from the West, and bankers', teachers'
and merchants' sons from Louisville, Cincinnati and Denver. A
smaller number are from Honolulu, China, Japan, and the countries
of Europe. High schools in almost every important city in the
country are represented, while groups from the large preparatory
schools of the East and of the West form ever widening circles of
acquaintance.

The men of the entering classes, the Freshmen, meet first on the
crowded before-term trains, which come laboring up from New York
or down from the North and East. For three days, early in the
week before the fall term starts, these groups of singing, chatting
upperclassmen and eager, half shy Freshmen pour into New Haven.
Swinging hand bags, hat boxes and mandolin cases, they wander in
groups up through the city streets to search out their college rooms
and to happen upon acquaintances old and new.

These nights just before the term opens are times of uncertainty
for the Freshmen. Their peace of mind is often disturbed by the
last entrance examinations. Their studies and even their slumbers
are disturbed by visits from good-natured but not always desired
groups of Sophomores. On Wednesday night late in September, the
night before the term opens, the Freshmen in the college first mass
together, first come to feel themselves a unit, a Class. In the fan-
tastic torchlight procession through the city streets, ending in the
Freshman-Sophomore wrestling bouts on the Campus, these three or
four hundred oddly assorted men, who make a Yale Class, are welded
together. In the weird, winding snake dance and march through
the streets, the men stammer through the "Brek-ek-ek-ex coax coax"
Greek cheer, and sing the Yale marching songs. They grip one
another's shoulders. They are a Class ! From that time on, the
members think of themselves first not as Californians or lumbermen's

LIFE AT YALE

sons, but as Yale men, and Yale men of a particular Class. In the
Sheffield Scientific School this welding process of the entering Class
takes place on the following Saturday, when the parti-colored cos-
tumes of the Seniors, leading the procession, add to the picturesque-
ness of the event.

The Freshmen quickly settle into their scholarly work. This is
the work for which essentially they came to college and which forms
the foundation for all other phases of college work and play. Soon
they become aware of other fields of work, numberless competitions,
all about them. In a mass meeting they are told, though they know it
themselves, of the manifold activities which go to make up life at
Yale. Before the first year is a week old, the greetings of Freshmen
become : "What are you out for ?" Many are on the athletic fields
playing football, baseball, tennis, or on the track, competing for places
on Class and later University teams. Others are darting hither and

AT THE CLOSE OF MORNING CHAPEL

Attendance at daily chapel is required of undergraduates in the College.
Attendance at Sunday chapel or service in a city church is also required of the
men in College and optional for members of other departments of the University.
Eminent clergymen of various denominations preach at the Sunday services, which
are once a month transferred from the chapel to the large University Auditorium
to accommodate attendants from the entire University.

A STUDENT'S ROOM IN CONNECTICUT HALL

This room has been occupied by succeeding generations of undergraduates for
one hundred and sixty-two years. Its occupants have included Theodore Dwight
Woolsey, Yale Class of 1820, a former president of the University, and James
Kent, Yale Class of 1781, Chief Justice and Chancellor of New York.

thither about the Campus walks and city streets on rumbling bicycles,
pursuing items in their competition for the Daily News. Awkward
banjo and mandolin cases encompass those who are playing on the
musical clubs. Some are trying for dramatic honors, for literary
acceptance in the college periodicals, for debating teams. Everyone
is trying for something. Within a week the new Class has started
that campaign for achievement and honor in Yale life, that campaign
which in the college does not relax one jot or one tittle until the
approach of Senior year, three years later, when, resting after honors
won or honestly striven for and missed, the Class settles back for a
quiet year of companionship after three years of competition.

And yet this many-sided activity forms but the surface of the col-
lege work, conspicuous because on the surface. At the foundation of
every boy's work at Yale is the rigid necessity for study, and usually,
too, the fixed purpose and real desire to study. The desire for study,
the pursuit of truth, is the reason for the existence of this, as of

12 LIFE AT YALE

any real college or university, and few indeed are the enrolled stu-
dents at Yale who lose sight of the real purpose for which they have
come to college.

The subjects and fields of study determine the departments of
the University in which the entering men enroll themselves. Some
four hundred of the new-coming men enter the College, historic ances-
tor of the entire University, now but one of its many departments.
An equal number form the entering Class of the Sheffield Scientific
School, known to Yale as "Sheff." Smaller numbers each year,
having completed preliminary college work at Yale or elsewhere,
enter the professional schools of Theology, Medicine, and Law, the
Graduate School and Forest School, or the Schools of Music and the
Fine Arts. A total of about four hundred new members enter these
schools each year, coming for further study from more than one
hundred and seventy-five colleges and universities of this and foreign
countries. It is of the life in the two undergraduate departments,
the College and "Sheff," that this booklet particularly concerns itself.

Of this undergraduate life at Yale one dominant characteristic
may well be emphasized before the individual phases are considered.
Yale has many features of life. Some are quite similar to those
at other colleges. In some features she is stronger, in some possibly
not so strong as other institutions. In some departments of teach-
ing and in some fields of research she is the most eminent of all the
universities. In some other fields of study her reputation may not
yet be the most resplendent. In one characteristic, however, Yale
men feel their University is without a peer. That characteristic is
the dominance in the undergraduate life of the warm, hearty, sane
feeling of comradeship in effort, the vigorous determination to accom-
plish something for the common good ; the clean endeavor, in the light
of two hundred years of favoring tradition, to work together with
common industry for a common goal the thing which in a word
we call Yale Spirit. It is this spirit that sets the tone of under-
graduate life at Yale. And the tone that it sets is cleanness of
life, diligence of endeavor in study or play, impatience of sham,
quick appreciation of ability or effort, and lasting belief in the ulti-
mate good of common work in pursuit of a common goal. It is this
spirit that makes the competition in the multiform activities of under-
graduate life at Yale so keen, so all pervading; that characterizes
Yale life by that compelling power called team play. It is this

THE UNDERGRADUATE SPRING FESTIVAL OF OMEGA LAMBDA CHI

This celebration is in historic continuance of a legendary society custom. The
Seniors, many of them clad in spectacular costume, engage in sports during the
May afternoon and preside over the time-honored tug-of-war between the Sopho-
more and Freshman Classes.

spirit, too, that dominates the intellectual life of the undergraduate.
The class room, the Fence, the athletic field, all are characterized
by this feeling of comradeship in industry, this Yale Spirit. It is this
spirit that the Freshman feels first as he swings into step in the
torchlight procession on the first night of his first year, as he is
bumped and jostled and borne along on the shoulders and in the open
arms of his fellows. It is this spirit that carries him through his
years at Yale ; years in which he measures himself against his fel-
lows in keenest competition for honors and responsibilities, and yet
feels himself all the time borne aloft by the assurance of their hearty
and united support. It is this spirit that at the end of the college
course makes the man feel that he has not completed his association
with these classmates, but has simply started a new phase of his Yale
life ; that makes the graduate sing at reunion gatherings throughout

14 LIFE AT YALE

the world in a voice growing more and more mellow with maturity
and feeling :

Bright college years, with pleasure rife,
The shortest, gladdest years of life,
How swiftly are ye gliding by !
Oh, why doth time so quickly fly !
The seasons come, the seasons go,
The earth is green, or white with snow,
But time and change shall naught avail
To break the friendship formed at Yale.

In after years, should troubles rise

To cloud the blue of sunny skies,

How bright will seem, thro' memory's haze,

The happy, golden, bygone days !

Oh, let us strive that ever we

May let these words our watch-cry be,

Where'er upon life's sea we sail,

"For God, for Country, and for Yale !"

GROUPS OF GRADUATES RETURNED TO THE CAMPUS FOR
COMMENCEMENT WEEK REUNIONS

A VIEW OF THE CAMPUS DORMITORIES AT NIGHT

LIFE AT YALE COLLEGE

In an annual publication called the Banner, a register of all the
organizations at Yale, the intelligent reader, anxious to discover if
there is any end to their number, will find the last picture in the
volume to be the honorable group of football cheer-leaders. To the
incoming Freshman this last shall be first. Their control of an
otherwise spontaneous emotion on the bleachers in the fall games
may be the first to suggest to him that an institution of age and
respectability likes to order things in its own way. This order is
not of the Faculty or powers above; far from it. It is the self-
ordained task of the undergraduate to see that established traditions
of the place are maintained in matters which come within his prov-
ince. Otherwise things become ineffective, and he is dissatisfied

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THE COLLEGE 17

because in the absence of accepted customs a college crowd degener-
ates into a mob and college customs lose their distinction. Beyond
a little teasing in the open, which has replaced the ancient practice
of hazing, the Freshman gets small attention from any students out-
side of his Class. He has his room assigned in one of the dormito-
ries, either on York Street or the old Campus, allotted to Freshmen,
and learns that the great majority of college men live like him in

A DORMITORY ENTRY GIST AN AFTERNOON IN SPRING

The large quadrangle of the Old Campus is surrounded in great part by
dormitories. These and the dormitories on an adjacent square furnish rooming
quarters for over one thousand men, five-sixths of the undergraduate body of the
College. This common life on the College Campus plays no small part in making
for solidarity in Yale life.

comfortable buildings on one of two adjoining quadrangles. The
Campus, so-called, contains also the Library, Chapel, Art School and
lecture rooms, in all of which he may be more or less concerned, but
of the many University buildings which stretch for more than half
a mile beyond these quadrangles, he will take little heed excepting
of the Dining Hall one of the finest interiors of its kind in
America where he will get his meals. The Gymnasium and several
laboratories closely adjacent give an academic air to the neighbor-
hood, though their architecture does not harmonize as successfully
as it ought to with the dormitory groups. On the whole, though

LIFE AT YALE

in the midst of a considerable city, there is a detachment in the
University life which renders it a thing by itself to the student
more so, perhaps, to-day than in the days when more than half the
college boarded about the town. But one remains now of the row of
factory-like, brick buildings which used to face the City Green from
the middle of the Campus. This was erected a few years before the
outbreak of the French-Indian War, and is willingly preserved
because of its respectable antiquity; the others have been removed
to leave free the space of a double city block, around the edge of
which are grouped the halls that constitute the most effective college
quadrangle in the country.

Into this world of his own the Freshman is allowed to find his
way or make his place with scant courtesy, indeed, but with fewer

SENIOR CLASS DAY

Two days before graduation the Seniors meet in academic caps and gowns
and rehearse the achievements of their college course and sing familiar college
songs before their families and friends, guests of the afternoon. Following this
celebration the Class marches to plant the Class ivy and sing in dedication an
"Ivy Ode" written in Latin by a member of the Class.

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THE COLLEGE 21

risks of being taken up and played upon by older men than is the
case in most large institutions. Outside of the normal influences
of the curriculum, athletics, spiritual interests and college journal-
ism which are explained elsewhere the new-comer soon feels the
reaction of that sense of partnership in a great family to whose
inherited traditions of conduct he is expected to conform. He is
allowed to find himself before he is subjected to any risks of dis-
covery by upperclassmen, and the experience is often accounted the
most interesting and surprising in the careers of many who recall
it in subsequent years.

There are no officers elected in any class. The members of a
Senior Council of seven, whose supervision of Campus affairs is
admirably effective, are not class officials in any sense. It 'is only
upon graduation that a Secretary is elected to keep track of a Class
and publish its annals in after life.

The outside world conceives of the social life at Yale as a micro-
cosm seething with hopes and fears inspired by its secret societies.
Their influence upon the undergraduate community is important and,
in some respects, peculiar to this institution, but their importance
and peculiarities are greatly exaggerated. The Freshman is aware
of little due to the societies that affects his life ; the visitor who has
seen other colleges in America is not likely to detect with unaided
vision any physical evidences that differentiate Yale from the rest.
In the fall, when the so-called Junior fraternities initiate their first
candidates from the Sophomore Class, the Campus gleams for an
hour with the penetrating shafts of their great searchlights carried
at the head of costumed processions sonorous with ritual songs as they
pass upon their errands to one and another of the dormitories. After
midnight the members of the three Senior societies march in silence
from their conclaves, once a week, to Yanderbilt Hall. This and the
elections, silently conferred on a May afternoon in the open Campus,
are all the outside world sees or knows of their existence. ~No badges
are worn that can be seen ; nor, with the exception of a recent custom
which bedecks members of the Junior fraternities with carnations in
their buttonholes when an initiation is impending, do the societies
obtrude upon the senses of anyone living at Yale.

The democracy of the undergraduate world has evolved this sup-
pression of manifest signs of social hierarchy by a process all its
own. Forty years ago, when there were secret societies for each

22 LIFE AT YALE

class in College, every member wore his pin upon his necktie. Less
than thirty years ago those of the lower classes were for the most
part exposed more modestly upon the waistcoats of their owners,
though Seniors preserved the old custom longer. Within the past
decade the last of the Senior societies to maintain the ancient promi-
nence of its pin has followed the prevailing custom. The notion
obtains abroad that with the increasing number of undergraduates
the proportion of "society men" in college steadily decreases. The
reverse is true. Leaving out the Freshman societies abolished in
1880 which any Freshman could join for the asking, only sixty-
two per cent, of the class graduating a generation ago belonged to
any society, while the average at present is seventy-five per cent.
So far as these organizations reflect undergraduate sentiment it would
appear that they parade less and admit more now than formerly.

The secret societies have sins enough to answer for in the estima-
tion of many critics of American colleges ; but, in view of the fact
that men everywhere are bound to combine in groups for interest
or pleasure, their influence at Yale has been rather wholesome than
otherwise. Their standards are necessarily high, for the moment
one is suspected of maintaining lower ideals than the rest it is
shunned by all desirable candidates. Moreover, their graduate mem-
bers take them rather more seriously than is generally supposed, and
they are apt to return to reunions preaching a loftier morality than
they themselves ever lived up to when young. If their calls to
righteousness are ignored by the active members they withdraw their
moral support, and when this is removed the Society soon flags and
presents itself to the Faculty as a septic growth upon the body poli-
tic in need of surgical treatment. The secrecy of all these organiza-
tions is preserved chiefly as a convenient means of protection from
badinage ; there are no occult purposes to propagate in any of them,
but long usage has made it a rudeness in college for any but his
intimates to discuss a society in the presence of a member. In this
way their privacy is maintained, just as people of refinement keep
their family affairs private by refusing to countenance any discus-
sion of them among chance acquaintances.

There are five fraternities, each of which admits twenty Sopho-
mores in November. The group in each class is increased by occa-
sional elections until the delegation of the graduating class numbers
about forty. Though always referred to as Junior fraternities, they

THE COLLEGE

regularly include active members from three classes at a time. In
Senior year three societies elect fifteen men each, and one non-secret
Club the Elihu about the same number. Considerable prestige
attends membership in any of these groups. Their selection is at
least so cautiously considered as always to include the few very best
men in a class, and seldom any who are obviously unworthy. Conse-
quently the honor of membership is a prize sought by every honestly
ambitious boy in college. The influence of this competition, while
it tends to suppress originality in individuals, strengthens the soli-
darity of the college and insists upon high standards of decency and
honor in the type of man it produces.

Besides these strictly academic associations all of them legally
incorporated and possessing buildings of their own three Greek
letter societies include in their membership students from all depart-
ments of the University. The eminent band of Phi Beta Kappa, con-
sisting exclusively of the twenty-five or thirty ranking men of a class,
exerts no social influence whatever, but its prestige is great, and its
annual banquet, which brings together graduate members and distin-
guished speakers from abroad, is perhaps the most notable function of

SENIORS OF A LATE SPRING AFTERNOON IN THE SENIOR COURT

24 LIFE AT YALE

its kind in the college year. The Elizabethan Club, possessing a con-
venient house and the most remarkable collection of first editions of
Shakespeare in America, chooses its members from the upper classes
of both undergraduate departments as they display a genuine interest
in literature. This club, being endowed, is unique in making no
pecuniary demands upon its members, while it stands by itself also
in bringing undergraduates into intimate contact with graduates who
frequent it, and in admitting the introduction of friends as visitors.
A chapter of the Cosmopolitan Club, which exists in all the larger
American universities, is composed of foreign students of all nation-
alities and native Americans whose interests are sufficiently catholic
to find profit in meeting with them once a month. !N"o Academic
organization has its members living or eating together as such.

Other groups and brotherhoods there are, too numerous indeed to
mention. Places in the musical and dramatic clubs are particularly

sought after because

of the vacation trips
which they afford.
Some of the plays
presented by the
Dramatic Associa-
tion equal the best
performances by
amateurs anywhere.
The social festival of
the winter, known as
the Junior Prome-
nade Concert, is per-
haps the most notable
recurring function of
the sort given in the
United States. De-
scended from the old
"Wooden Spoon"
festival, it has now
become the climax of
three days of festiv-
ity, including a play,
ON THE "SENIOR FENCE" a concert, a round of

THE COLLEGE

club teas and a ball. Intellectual work, outside of the curriculum
and competitions for various scholastic prizes, is fostered by debates
in the Yale and Freshman unions and in less formal clubs, the best
representatives of which win places on the intercollegiate debating
teams. Dwight Hall, a center of the religious interests of college
life, promotes not only its own series of meetings and Bible classes
but three Sunday schools in the purlieus of the town and two
regularly appointed houses for rescue work and uplift in the slums.
A college in the center of China, with about a hundred students and
a hospital, is wholly manned by Yale graduates and maintained by
subscriptions from Yale students and alumni. The Catholic, Berke-
ley (Episcopalian), Jonathan Edwards and Hebraic clubs indicate
varieties of religious belief that find corporate expression in occa-
sional meetings, but less is heard of such matters than of the harmless
eccentricities of the
"Pundits" or "Kop-
per Kettle," or
ephemeral coteries
like the Whiffen-
poofs, the Hogans,
and Mohicans.

Old graduates ob-
serve that social
life at Yale is
much less strident
and emotional than
it was in the old
days. Much of this
is due to the tem-
per of the times,
but more comes from
the settled policy of
the Eaculty to let stu-
dents manage their
own affairs so far
they can prop-

erly do so. There
are no indications
now of the ancient

VANDERBILT HALL, A SEXIOR DORMITORY

26 LIFE AT YALE

antagonism between teachers and taught which used to break out in
the wanton mutilation of college property, midnight bonfires or the
"burial of Euclid" a ceremony that consigned a distasteful text-
book to a formal interment in the woods. Rather oddly, the only
survival of this sort of function is a campus procession with costumes
and dancing, in the spring, celebrating "Omega Lambda Chi," a
mock initiation, shared by all the classes, into a society that never
existed; it is a parody, therefore, on the secret societies cordially
conducted by the society men themselves. Nothing remains now of
the furious antagonism between town and gown, which used to show
itself in petty pranks along the city streets, in breaking street lamps,
stealing signs, and once sixty years ago in a famous assault with
fire arms upon a fire-engine house and the siege in return by the
firemen of one of the college dormitories. The college world used
to perch in its leisure hours upon the rails of a wooden fence facing
the main street of the town. When this was replaced by buildings
a fence of similar construction was erected between the drive and the
grass-plot on the Campus, and here (in fair weather) the undergradu-
ates are apt to assemble upon portions assigned by unwritten law to
each class. Freshmen are not included in this assignment, but they
make what, in the language of international politics, might be called
a "demonstration" when, on Washington's Birthday, they rush for
it in a body and are withstood by the Sophomore Class. It is a
harmless performance, supervised by the football captain, but it is
cherished as a custom commemorating an old-time snow-ball fight
between these two classes when the Freshmen on that holiday first
ventured out in top-hats and canes. The consecrated section of the
fence is handed over by Sophomores to the Freshmen in June with
speeches from spokesmen in each class sometimes really witty and
always received with appreciation. A pleasant custom sanctions an.
informal game of baseball (with a soft ball) which may be played by
Seniors only on a certain corner of the Campus. No college com-
munity in the country cares more for its traditions than the little
world of Yale, and in none is the sense of solidarity and the spirit
of devotion to accepted ideals more sedulously cultivated.

F. W. WILLIAMS, Class of 1879.

A SHEFFIELD CAMPUS DORMITORY

LIFE AT SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL

When I went to Sheff I thought that I had done no more than
enter a department of a great institution. I thought that I told the
whole truth when I said to the family minister, or some other formal
person, I am in the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University.
I did not realize for many years that Sheff is much more than a sec-
tion of a university that it is really a way of thinking about things,
a point of view.

At first it is "Sheff-town" that catches your attention. I did not
get at the thing which gives Sheff its peculiar and particular char-

28 LIFE AT YALE

acter until long after graduation, but the curiously definite geography
of the place strikes you at once. "Sheff-town" is a little country,
with clear boundaries and well-marked provinces within it. Wall
Street bounds it on the south, a narrow, friendly street with boys
incessantly hanging out of the windows up and down the whole length.
At one end is the white quadrangle of Vanderbilt-Scientific with
its pleasant archways, oriels full of cushions, and a ball game per-
petually on beneath them. At the other the Ereshman lodging

MASON MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

New, thoroughly equipped, laboratories in mechanical engineering and in
mining and metallurgy have recently strengthened the engineering equipment of
the Sheffield Scientific School.

houses thicken towards the friendly, stranger territories of "Aca-
demic." And across the midst cuts "Grub Street/ 7 the broad ave-
nue to Commons. On the east of "Sheff-town" is Temple Street
with the ancient Ereshman Row, that before they burnt the bridge
once too often (the tale awaits you in "New Haven) was a famous
haunt of studentry. To the north are the pleasant places of the city
opening through the beautiful Hillhouse Avenue to Sachem Woods
with its vast laboratories. To the west is the old cemetery, rest-
ing place of memorable dead, the pavement round its wall a favorite
running-track for us when brains were muddy on winter afternoons.

SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL 29

Just opposite is a row of grim buildings, ugly enough ; but here the
Scientific School began. And all within is Sheff.

When that ridiculous tower of South Sheffield Hall, with its bat-
tered top-hat of an observatory pulled down over its ears, sends out
its bell-strokes for the first eight o'clock of the year, and all Sheff
begins to stream from Commons, Byers Hall, Wall Street, and the
dormitories, I never fail to remember how I first panted under it
to the big assembly room to see my class. Such an incoherent, dis-

A Row OF SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL LABORATORIES

unified, mongrel assortment of boys as Sheff draws together for a
Freshman Class ! Spruce, self-contained fellows from the big prep,
schools, who look over their neighbors keenly, and know just how
much or how little to say to a new acquaintance; unlicked, tousled-
headed boys from the farm, a fine, fresh light in their eyes, and voices
loud from shyness; white-faced sons of hard-working families, who
down on Oak Street, or along the water front, are sacrificing every-
thing to give Johnny or Frankie a chance ; E~ew Yorkers, just a little
supercilious (they get over it) ; Westerners, with a chip on their
shoulders because they think the East won't like them ; Southerners,
who seem to know everyone; and here and there a Chinese, or an
Armenian, or a Jap, who stares at the tumult with inscrutable eyes.
When you look back on it you wonder how all that was to be licked
into shape, was to be made a body with some ideals and more ideas in
common. And yet, this was done, and quickly. It was Junior year

30 LIFE AT YALE

before we learned, all of us, to dress just alike, a very important thing
in college, as all the New Haven tailors and haberdashers testify by
the pains they take to circulate one kind of cap, one kind of tie, and
one cut of clothing. But long before that this composite assort-
ment of diverse units became a Class. "The Sheff Bush" swept us
in a marching, singing mob through fireworks, band music, and cheers
into a consciousness that the man who gripped left sleeve and he who
hung to right shoulder in the snake-dance were somehow or another
to keep moving on and hanging on to us for years, perhaps for life.
Then in we were tumbled, the lot of us, into classrooms, shaken up,
pounded down, rubbed, polished off (and some of us finished), in a
common tussle with Physics, Biology, English, and Mathematics,
until slow brains began to move along the same logical processes.
Ambition to be something in Yale life seized us. Football, Crew,
Glee Club, the News, what difference did it make ; the impulse (vir-
tue and fault, but greater virtue than fault of Yale) to do something
in the college world gave a fellow-feeling. "What are you out for ?"
was a commonplace of chance meetings in Byers Hall or College
Street. Then suddenly we became painfully conscious of the upper-
classmen. The societies (we hardly dared whisper their sacred
names) were busy selecting. Lightning was striking here and there.
Groups formed and reformed. New brothers, chosen by this fra-
ternity or that, began to gather in preparation for next year, when
they were to become housemates in one of the society dormitories.
The disappointed, and the independent, drew together in little cote-
ries where friendship was the sufficient bond. Some pangs there
were : not even the Twelve Apostles were chosen without heart-burn-
ings, and our societies are as human, and as fallible, as they are
well-meaning. By Easter we were indubitable Sheff men; but we
did not know what that term meant.

Now Sheff, like all colleges, is imperfect; its educational system
is imperfect, its teachers are imperfect, and its college life is imper-
fect the perfect college is still in the future, and threatens to stay
there. Nevertheless, Sheff has some remarkably good qualities, and
they have been good for so long that they are likely to stay good. As
I look back over the college life of Sheff, as I have known it, the
best, I am not sure that it is not the quality of all, for everything
seems to explain, and be explained by it, is well, I shall have to
use a figure to make my meaning clear, for nothing is so hard to

SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL

describe as the subtle conditions and subtler influences which make
college life. Imagine a kaleidoscope (the figure is old, but useful)
full of bits of glass of all shapes and colors. Let this stand for
our Freshman class. Now give it a dozen twists; and if you look
through each time you will see a design in which every bit of glass
seems to find some good relation to other bits, so that a harmonious
pattern is made of many harmonious groups, all of which touch or
intersect. That mouse-colored fragment which glows in its own
octagon is part of another figure. This big, purple fellow that
catches the light at the point of a hexagon, is in the background of
that circle too.

Well, that is Sheff, as it should be, and as, to a rather remarkable
extent, it is. For the whole system of its college life is based upon
groups of friends or associates, upon circles that touch and inter-
sect, until each boy has his place in many groups beside that which
is particularly his own.

A WINTER MOENING ON THE SHEFFIELD CAMPUS

32 LIFE AT YALE

When I went to Sheff the circles began to form before the entrance
examinations were over. At first it was just prep, school associates
that got together, and joined to themselves summer acquaintances,
and the sons of father's friends. But the new life quickly reasserted
us into new unities. It was the "eating-joint" first, a room full
of talk and rattling dishes, or a Commons table with soup canting
eerily over your head ; but to either place came new boys that found
a common interest in each other's society or the quality of the
"grub." New circles formed that did not break the old. Two of
your men were in the "football crowd" ; your roommate consorted
at odd hours with Academic friends; there were the fellows you
studied with in Byers Hall, the big student club, open to everyone ;
last there was your division, souls that toiled, and wrought, and
thought with you, joined by a common share in a section of the alpha-
bet, equal lessons, and a personal knowledge of your disastrous flunks.
The "joint" broke up; the friendships remained; but you were
whirled by another twist of the kaleidoscope into another circle,
more lasting this time. It was spring. The fraternities had made
their choices. Either you were joined to a group who next year and
for the rest of their Sheff experience would share a house in common,
and support the prestige of an ancient society; or you became one
of a "crowd" of friends who tacitly agreed to stick together in
some corner of a dormitory while college life was to them. Fresh-
man year ended. The Class was divided into coteries, into circles,
subtly interrelated; but it was left for the Sheff educational system
to complete the plan.

At Sheff, the Freshman year in this system is a common appli-
cation for all of very much the same kind of educational medicine.
When you are well dosed, then comes the time for the specialist.
Towards spring you were asked do you want to be an Engineer, a
Chemist, a Biologist, and so on with a string of them; or do you
enter that "Select" course which is the Sheff name for what nowa-
days we mean by a liberal education? You chose, and thereby
sealed (often unwittingly) your future career. I am not concerned
with careers, as such. Let me point out the indirect effect of this
system of required courses which came before the free elective sys-
tem and has lasted after it. Junior year arrived. You deeply
imbedded in your little social coterie, living, eating, playing with
a group of congenial friends found yourself a part, like the glass

Two OF THE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL FKATEKNITY HOUSES

In the Scientific School upper class fraternity members live in the society
club houses. In the College the societies have no living houses; the students
all live together in general college dormitories. At the left in this picture are
seen the towers of one of the new dormitories of the Scientific School.

in the kaleidoscope, of another circle, too, this time an intellectual
one. For better or for worse you had become a member of your
"course." Strive as you would, and some of us I regret to say did
strive, the effect of that intellectual influence was unescapable. If
we were Engineering students we began, however dimly, to think
and feel as Engineers, to see the world in terms of mathematics, and
talk of stresses or the strength of materials. If we were "Select,"
the historical method, the anthropological point of view, the criti-
cal attitude of literature, insensibly (very insensibly sometimes)
began to find its way into our thought and talk. These were the new
intellectual circles into which individuals of the social groups entered
without losing their place in the home life of their "crowd." The
course had an esprit de corps which was obvious ; a way of thinking
which to us was not obvious, but most evident to the more mature
observer. And back to our old circles we carried the atmosphere
of the new one. Talk waxed better as the minds of friend and
friend developed along separating lines; we grew more interesting

34 LIFE AT YALE

to each other ; even the big games (staples in talk for half the year)
lent themselves to arguments flavored by difference in ways of think-
ing ; and it was a never-ending pleasure to attack the utter silliness
of the other fellow's method of preparing for life.

It is a common criticism that college men talk nothing but athle-
tics. It is true that they make athletics so interesting to themselves
that it often excludes more valuable subjects of conversation. But I
have never so enjoyed good talk as in that little white "eating- joint"
under the elm (now, alas, gone the way of the Old Brick Eow) where
on Sunday nights, dear fat old Mrs. Wiggin listening with her hands
tucked beneath her apron, we wrangled over football scores, girls,
religion, life-work, hard and easy courses, till the coffee was cold, and
someone threw a biscuit at the wordiest member. We were intimates.
We ate together, we roomed together. But we moved in other orbits,
athletic, musical, religious, most of all intellectual, and came home
bringing with us the point of view, the influences of each. And
that is the secret of Sheff.

Most things that are worth while go back to a thought or a sacri-
fice. This Sheff idea goes back to both. The farsighted enthusiasts
who, in the infancy of modern science, founded the Scientific School,
were not thinking of that by-product of education, the college life of
which I am writing. Yet they influenced it profoundly, as move-
ments at the heart of a university, where throbs its intellectual life,
must always do. They planned to teach by the old things and the
new, by letters, but also by science. They planned, first, to open
roads through each especial province of scientific knowledge, which
the individual might follow according to his capability and his choice.
These were the technical courses. And next they devised a broader
highway for those who did not wish to specialize and yet desired
scientific training and the scientific point of view. This was the
so-called " Select." Thus was formed that group of diverse courses,
each unified in itself, which makes the Sheff idea. And, as one now
beg'ins to see, it was the sacrifice they made for what was then a
new cause, and the earnest belief of their successors, in the system
which they devised, that explains the harmony, the vigor, and the
success of Sheff. B. Silliman, Jr., J. D. Dana, J. P. Norton, J. A.
Porter, D. C. Gilman, Brush, Whitney, Brewer, Walker, Louns-
bury these memorable names seem rather overweighty for the merry
college life that I remember. But they are responsible for the Sheff

GRADUATES AWAITING THE COMMENCEMENT DINNER IN THE
YALE DINING HALL

idea unity in diversity and it is that which lies behind the inter-
secting circles of Sheff life.

After all Sheff life is not so very different, I suppose, from life
in other colleges. Our friends in "Academic," who share so many
of our traditions, our customs, our ideals, say that their idea is just
as fine, and just as mighty in effect. I think it is; but the Sheff
idea is different, and for those to whom it appeals this little difference
counts.

HENRY SEIDEL CANBY, Class of 1899 S.

UNDEBGKADUATE ACTIVITIES

Literary Activities, Scholarly Work and Interest, Writing for the

College Papers, the Glee Club and Dramatic

Association, Athletics.

Competition is the basis of all student activity at Yale. The
activities are of endless variety. They range from industrious study
to singing on the Glee Club, taking a part in dramatics, or play-
ing end on the football team. The activities have the common princi-
ple of service to the University, and the common basis of competitive
effort. Each man in the Yale world measures himself against his
fellows, so that the best man may be chosen to serve the University
in the given work or play. Success in any competition brings
responsibility and honor in the college community. A hard, fair
fight uncrowned with final success brings admiration. Only the
sluggard in Yale life is despised.

Success in any student endeavor means, at the same time, good
work in study. !N~o one with low scholarship stand may continue
an outside competition.

Activities cover many lines of work : literary, musical, dramatic,
athletic. In the first place, there are the activities that are directly
connected with study or allied to it. Even study at Yale becomes a
matter of outside honor as well as of intrinsic worth. High scholar-
ship brings not only its own reward, but also membership in the
scholastic honor society, Phi Beta Kappa. Prizes in special exami-
nations and in literary composition bring not only return in the
value of the prize, but also recognition in the college world for suc-
cess in an accepted field of Yale work.

LITERARY LIFE AND WORK

The most characteristic feature of literary work at Yale is that
for the undergraduate journals. The most characteristic feature of
literary life at Yale is the number of small clubs composed of men
with literary tastes and interests.

Of the undergraduate journals, which fill a large place in college
life, the Yale Daily News is the most powerful. Editorial positions

UNDEKGKADUATE ACTIVITIES

on this paper are most keenly striven for and bring greatest responsi-
bility as well as greatest honor. The chairman of the News is the
uncrowned king of the Campus. The News was established in 1878,
and is thus the oldest college daily in the world. Originally estab-
lished as a journal for informal attack on authority and tradition, it
has now become one of the chief organs of conservative influence and
is one of the greatest conservers of good deportment and good taste
in undergraduate life. An editorial board of some fourteen mem-
bers from each Class is chosen by successive competitions during the
first two years of the college course. In each of these competitions
from twenty to fifty underclassmen are engaged. As a result of
any one competition not more than two or three editors are chosen.
The competition is on the basis of amount of accepted news sub-
mitted by the competing reporter or "heeler," and & characteristic
of Campus life at all times is the nervous presence of these News heel-
ers darting hither and thither over the entire University in search

"MAKE-UP NIGHT" IN THE OFFICE OF THE UNDERGRADUATE
JOURNAL "THE RECORD"

Editorial positions on the Yale papers are gained by competition. The men
who have the greatest number of manuscripts published in any papers during a
given year or years are elected to edit that paper in their Senior Year. On
"make-up night" the editors of the undergraduate comic, The Record, sit in
shirt-sleeved comfort and go over submitted manuscripts with the competitors
or "heelers."

LIFE AT YALE

of items for their paper. Probably nowhere in the world is the news
field more intensively cultivated than on the Yale Campus. Prob-
ably on no newspaper does a reporter work with such diligence and
such zest as the heelers for the Yale News. Because of the require-
ment of an authentic signature endorsing each item submitted, this
college paper has also a reputation for printing accurate news. The
freshman who, in the first competition, scores the largest amount of
reported news becomes in his Senior year the editor of the paper.
The other successful competitors become, in the organization of the
board, in Senior and Junior year, his associates as business managers,
managing editors, assignment editors, etc.

The Yale Literary Magazine, founded in 1836, is the oldest
literary monthly not only in any of the colleges, but in all America.
This paper, familiarly known as the "Lit/' continues its highly

SENIOR BASEBALL IN VANDERBILT COURT

The court of Vanderbilt Hall, a Senior dormitory, forms a playground of
special Senior privilege. A novel ball game with a large soft ball is one of the
special Campus prerogatives of members of the Senior Class.

UNDERGRADUATE ACTIVITIES 39

respectable career, and it is considered a great honor to be one of
its editors. Not only does the Lit represent the best undergraduate
writing done 'neath the elms, not only does it appeal to practically
every man who has literary tastes and talent, but the five men on the
board perform a service to the College by cheerfully acting as instruc-
tors in English Composition. Every man who writes for this
paper and there are a good many of them has the privilege of call-
ing upon an editor, and taking up hours of his time in going over an
unsuccessful contribution.

The Record affords an outlet for the wit, satire, burlesque and
humor of undergraduate life. Here is a field where the contributors
do work of a high order, and the flashes in the Record are extensively
quoted in many parts of the country by the professional press. The
opportunity is here given for spontaneous wit, native to the college
undergraduate. In the pages of the Record, too, the large number
of men in College who are skilled with the pencil have a chance in
the illustrations and cartoons.

The Courant, founded in 1865, represents a general kind of writ-
ing midway between that of the Lit and the Record. It is more
radical, and less traditionally conservative than either the Lit or the
News. It fills somewhat the place in college that the popular maga-
zine does in the country at large.

All of these journals are open to contributions, and all of them,
except the Lit, are open to editorial membership by undergraduates
in both the College and the Scientific School. In addition, Sheff
has the Scientific Monthly as the individual paper of that depart-
ment. This paper is a mirror of Sheffield undergraduate thought, as
well as a field for the scientific writing of undergraduates and gradu-
ates.

One of the most happy of all the literary activities of the students,
assuredly the most delightful and ultimately the most productive, is
the number of the small clubs devoted exclusively to the discussion
of literature and the arts. Most notable among these clubs is the
Elizabethan Club, recently established with a beautiful home of its
own, and with a collection of the most valuable rare and first editions
of Elizabethan literature in the Western Hemisphere. The estab-
lishment of this club has given an impetus to book collecting as an
avocation among the students, and the literary discussions of students
and Faculty in the daily afternoon receptions and evening meetings

40 LIFE AT YALE

of this club have opened up to many a man a new attitude and a new
interest in things literary and artistic. The Pundits, an interest-
ing club, also with a literary motive, has existed intermittently since
1884. Ten Seniors compose the membership of this club each year.
The sole qualification for the honor of membership, which is self
perpetuating, is that a man shall be "Punditical" : he must have an
original and interesting personality, cultivate some hobby outside
of the regular student activities, and hate Philistinism with all his
soul. The meetings are held about once in three weeks. The ten
men sit down to dinner with a Faculty member, and spend the eve-
ning talking about anything except two subjects, which are strictly
barred: athletics and politics. Small clubs of a somewhat similar
nature are the Stevenson Club, Kipling Club, etc., the Folio Club,
organized some years ago by students who love and own rare old
books, and the Kit-Kat Club, consisting of all the men who in Fresh-
man and Sophomore year have won literary prizes.

MUSICAL AND DRAMATIC ACTIVITIES

The Glee Club and Dramatic Association are interesting Yale
activities. The origin of the Glee Club was haphazard. In the
sixties a few fellows gave a concert of college songs in one of the
neighboring towns. As the experiment proved unexpectedly success-
ful, it was repeated until there was evolved the present Glee Club
with its allied Banjo and Mandolin clubs, its trips of hundreds of
miles, and its elaborate organization. This continued existence of
half a century implies that it has found a place.

By the nature of its being, the social qualities are less emphasized
by the Dramatic Association, and those of service more. A new-
comer on the Campus, the Dramatic Association has achieved its
present high position by the excellence of its work. Founded in 1900
with the aim of producing standard plays, such plays as we all read
but rarely see, it has already presented such typical works as, of the
Elizabethan drama, Dekker's Fair Maid of the West and Beaumont
and Fletcher's Knight of the Burning Pestle; of Shakespeare, such
as Henry IV, Part I and The Taming of the Shrew; of satire, such
as Sheridan's Critic and Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest;
of modern drama, such as Ibsen's The Pretenders (produced for the
first time in America) and original translations from the Italian and

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UNDERGRADUATE ACTIVITIES 43

Russian. The Association is presenting in Commencement Week,
1912, a play written specially for it by a member of the Yale Eng-
lish Faculty. And the plays are astonishingly well done. The neces-
sary lack of the professional star is compensated by the even balance
of the cast. More and more the annual production given on the
Campus during Commencement week is becoming an event to an
increasing number of alumni. Those of us who were fortunate
enough to see the Merry Wives, played as in Shakespeare's time,
entirely by men, will never forget the charm and delicacy of the old
comedy with the elms forming the proscenium arch.

ATHLETICS

The activities which are perhaps most characteristic of Yale are
the various forms of athletics.

The football teams, ending their annual season in the spectacular
Yale-Harvard or Yale-Princeton championship contests, are known
the world over. These great games have stirred the imagination of
school boys for generations. Football is unquestionably the most
popular as well as the most spectacular of the undergraduate activi-
ties. Membership on the Yale football team is the ideal of thousands
of American school boys, and just as the chairman of the News is
the most influential undergraduate, so the captain of the football team
is the most prominent, often the most popular. Football engages
approximately two hundred men in outdoor sport during the fall.
These are members and candidates of the Freshman teams, the substi-
tute teams, and the Varsity Eleven, and everyone of these two hun-
dred candidates, whether he is playing as substitute on the Fresh-
man team or on one of the University squads, has as his goal
membership on the University Eleven and the winning of the coveted
football "Y."

Athletics at Yale may be said to include all kinds of outdoor sports,
as well as many varieties of indoor activities. Probably two-thirds
of the men in college at some time during the year take part in some
form of competitive athletics. The new University athletic field,
which is being provided by the graduates, is to contain sufficient play-
ground space for one-half of the undergraduate body to be engaged
in recreative sport at the same time. While the chief interest is in
the championship games of the important teams, these contests com-

LIFE AT YALE

prise but a small part of athletic activity at Yale. There is inter-
collegiate competition in football, rowing, baseball, track athletics,
tennis, hockey, basketball, golf, swimming, soccer football, indoor
gymnastics, wrestling, boxing, fencing, and shooting. From fifty to
two hundred men are actively engaged in competing for places on the
University or Class teams in almost every one of these sports. The
entire Freshman Class is compelled to take athletic exercise of some
sort; on the regular teams if they desire and are physically able,
otherwise in prescribed gymnastic exercise.

The Class contests and the preliminary games in major sports are
carried on at Yale Field, an immense tract of land, practically quad-
rupled in size by the recent purchase of the graduate committee, and
now containing one hundred acres for contest and play-ground
purposes.

In football, while a stadium provides for the seating of some thirty
to forty thousand spectators at the big games, the new field provides

CROWDS ENTERING YALE FIELD FOR THE CHAMPIONSHIP
FOOTBALL GAME

A YALE-HARVARD FOOTBALL GAME

Football Day in New Haven comprises a festival probably unique in the
country. The city is gay with the thronging crowds of eager visitors. Some
40,000 spectators watch the football game, packing to utmost capacity the large
amphitheater.

for a half dozen gridirons for the use in play and practice of as
many Class and "Scrub" teams.

Many diamonds provide for baseball practice and contests in the
spring. The interest in the championship baseball games at Com-
mencement time is enhanced by the gay crowds of relatives and
friends of the Seniors and by the parti-colored bands of graduates
returned for their Class reunions. A characteristic series of baseball
games is conducted during the spring under the whimsical auspices of
the student comic paper, the Record. This series consists of a base-
ball tournament between members of the upper classes divided against
each other as to scholarship standing. As upholding the sound mind
in sound body theory it is interesting to know that in this tourna-
ment the high stand men, the members of Phi Beta Kappa, usually
make as good a showing as the "disappointments," those men whose
stand is so low that they receive no scholarship appointment at all.
Other baseball contests that have for generations enlivened the spring
term have been the crossing of bats between the "Yale and Harvard
High Brows," the members of Phi Beta Kappa at these universities
and the contest between the undergraduate high stand scholars and
the members of the Faculty.

46 LIFE AT YALE

In rowing, a large boat house and the wide stretch of the New
Haven Harbor provide facilities that are in use during the fall and
spring by a score of eight and four-oared crews, as well as for
individual and dual sculling. The annual races with the Harvard
crews take place on the Thames river near E"ew London, Conn.,
immediately following the Commencements of the two universities.

Track athletics provide exercise and diversion for many, and the
outlying streets of the city at the beginning of each season are
streaked with squads of these track athletes in early training. In
championship competition, dual track meets are held with Harvard
and Princeton, followed, late in the spring, by the intercollegiate
meet, which includes competitors from many colleges.

The immense gymnasium floor provides space for basketball prac-
tice and contests, as well as for general gymnastic exercises. Special
rooms in the gymnasium are adapted for wrestling, fencing, boxing,
handball and squash. The Carnegie pool, one of the largest and finest
in the country, provides unusual facilities for swimming, and a
knowledge and practice of swimming is required of every Freshman.
A large skating rink near Yale Field guarantees a supply of ice
throughout the winter for hockey. Tennis courts in many places, on

EIGHTS STARTING FROM THE ADEE BOATHOUSE FOR A PRACTICE
Row ON THE NEW HAVEN HARBOR

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48 LIFE AT YALE

college and city ground, and the golf links of the New Haven Golf
Club provide an opportunity for enjoyment and contest in these
games. Soccer football is played on Yale Field. The Gun Club
has grounds near the regular athletic field.

The management of athletics at Yale, in itself an extensive activ-
ity, is in the hands of the students themselves. Each of the major
sports of football, rowing, baseball and track has an organization of
its own. Another organization governs the remaining minor sports.
These organizations are united in the general organization, "The
Yale University Athletic Association," composed of the undergrad-
uate captains and managers of each of the major sports, the president
of the Minor Athletic Association, and five graduates selected by
the undergraduate captains. The financial organization of this
association, by a cooperative principle, provides for the heavy
expenses of such sports as rowing, track, etc., from the large
receipts of the football and baseball teams. The general athletic
organization makes the rules for insignia, determining what a man
must do to be allowed to wear a "Y" on his sweater and be known as
a "Y" man. These rules change somewhat from time to time, but
in general the award of the "Y" is given to all those who play in
the final championship contests in football, baseball and rowing, who
win points in intercollegiate or championship dual track games, and
to a few who win special marked successes in minor athletics. Those
who represent their Class in final athletic contests are awarded their
Class numerals. In general, the principle of undergraduate con-
trol of athletics has always been maintained at Yale. The schedules
of contests, the eligibility rules, and, from time to time, other matters
are submitted to the Faculty for approval, but it has been traditional
for the undergraduate to have the first interest and, subject only to
a necessary right of Faculty veto, the final decision in all matters
touching his athletic affairs as well as his literary, musical and
society interests.

SOCIAL LIFE

All of the undergraduate activities are, of course, part of the stu-
dent's social life. Under the Yale society system participation in
these activities becomes not only a part of social life but an item
in the friendly rivalry for social honors. The traditional social sys-
tem in the college provides not only for election to societies early

UNDERGRADUATE ACTIVITIES 49

in the course, but for other selected and more desired social honors of
Senior year. In the Scientific School this dual social system does
not exist, but the honor of membership on the Senior councils and
the numerous important, if less concrete, awards of social honor
maintain the contest for distinction in both undergraduate depart-
ments up to the last year of the course. In the Scientific School
the upperclass society members, comprising about one-half the men
of any Class, live in their society houses. In the College all men
live together in dormitories provided or approved by the College,
and membership or non-membership in a society does not in any
way affect the place of a man's residence.

Life at Yale is complex, many sided, marked by constant competi-
tion, enriched by facilities for social intercourse. In general, life at
Yale is clean and fair and healthy, and richer and more inspiring
than any which these same men have lived, or will live at any other
period of their lives.

From papers by

WM. LYON PHELPS, Class of 1887,
JOHN M. BERDAN, Class of 1896,
WALTER CAMP, Class of 1880.

THE YALE GYMNASIUM

Behind the mammoth structure of the Gymnasium stand the Carnegie Swim-
ming Pool and an indoor track and baseball field.

THE OLD ENGLISH LIBRARY BUILDINGS

The small buildings which form the wings of this group were originally the
library buildings of the two famous literary societies of the early half of the
last century, "Linonia" and "Brothers in Unity." The collection of modern
fiction, successor to the collections of these societies, is still called the "Linonia
and Brothers Library."

THE KELIGIOUS LIEE AT YALE

Perhaps the most striking thing about the Religious Life at Yale
is its reality. Nowhere as much as in college are sham and
pretense avoided and certain it is that here at Yale the voluntary
Religious Life of the University bears testimony to this in a marked
degree. Here Christian truths are real to men and the Freshman
who comes to college with the desire to develop a well-rounded char-
acter will find some of the strongest men in the University leading
in what, to them, is not merely an organization, but a life. He will
have the stimulating power of their friendships to help him in the
battles that he must fight during his four years of college a strik-
ing contrast to the influence of the imaginary "evil companions' 7
with whom fond parents often populate a college community. He

EELIGIOUS LIFE 51

may know all this for himself if he will but ally himself with
the organized Christian work.

The organized voluntary Christian work at Yale may be said
to have started with the Christian Social Union in 1879. This
name was changed in 1881 to "The Yale Young Men's Christian
Association" and has since grown into seven departmental associa-
tions under the general name of the Young Men's Christian Associa-
tion of Yale University. The seven departments having their
separate organizations are: Academic (Yale College), Sheffield,
Graduate, Law, Medicine, Theology, and Forestry. These associa-
tions, by means of Bible classes, religious meetings, social and
mission work, offer to men the means for expressing and developing
their Christian faith.

Membership in the Association is of two kinds: active and asso-
ciate. Active membership is open to all members of Evangelical
Churches or those who (in case they do not happen to be members
of Churches) will consent to an Evangelical statement. The Asso-
ciate membership is open to all who do not care to become active
members.

The departments having the largest Associations are College
and Sheffield. The work of the College Association finds its
center in a building on the Academic campus, known as Dwight
Hall, while the work of the Sheffield Association has its home in a
building known as Byers Hall on the Sheffield campus. The work
of the Christian Association in these two departments is called by
the name of the building in which it centers. Thus a man enter-
ing the College would hear about the "Dwight Hall work" while
a Sheffield Freshman would hear of the "Byers Hall work." These
two buildings are also used by the other departments for their
meetings.

On Sunday evenings in Dwight Hall and on Wednesday evenings
in Byers Hall are held the voluntary religious meetings of the Uni-
versity. At these meetings are heard some of the best college preach-
ers as well as some of the most successful Christian laymen of this
country. Bible classes under Faculty leadership are held on Wednes-
day evenings in Dwight Hall and on Friday evenings in Byers Hall.
Bible study is also carried on by means of informal groups of men
who meet once a week in the dormitories to discuss some problem
connected with the living out of the teachings of Christ. The

52 LIFE AT YALE

whole aim of the Bible study work is to stimulate men by show-
ing them what the Bible, can accomplish in a man's life.

Besides the work conducted by and for the students of the Uni-
versity there is much 'done by the Association in the city of
JSTew Haven. The foreign population is large and some fifty men
are engaged each year in teaching English, Civics, Mechanical Draw-
ing, etc., to foreigners. This is known as the Industrial work. The
Yale Hope Mission, which is a Rescue Mission for abandoned men,
is a tremendous source of inspiration for all kinds of Christian
work. Here one may see the religion of Christ at work, reclaiming
and remaking men.

The above organizations, together with many smaller boys' clubs,
Sunday school classes, special classes, etc., provide the means of
expression which must of necessity follow impression if any strength
of character is to be formed.

These activities are a part of the Christian work at Yale. They
are open to men of all departments of the University, but because
of the question of time the two departments of Academic and Shef-
field furnish by far the greater proportion of men. Upon entering
any department, however, a man will find strong Christian influ-
ences, and the time which he may be able to give will be in demand
for some form of religious work.

The Christian Association at Yale stands high in the regard of
the Campus. We believe that in few universities is the feeling
so strongly in favor of Christian ideals as at Yale. There are weak
spots in all human institutions, and there are weak spots in the
Yale Christian Association, but for the man who comes to college
with the idea of getting all he can by giving all he can the religious
life of the University will be a vital inspiration. This is the testi-
mony of man after man who has come to college with a sympathetic
attitude towards religious things. He has found a high moral plane,
a willingness on the part of most men to work hard, an unwarped
sense of recreation and fun, and above all, the companionship of men,
to whom Christianity is not merely a creed but the more abundant
kind of life.

SHERWOOD S. DAY, 1911.

WOEKING ONE'S WAY

What does Yale mean for the man who is working his way?
What she means to others we all hear repeatedly; but what kind
of life does she give to the penniless or almost penniless boy, who
has nothing but brains and courage to carry him through? The
life she offers for such men contains many hardships, especially at
first; but it also contains many pleasant experiences which a man
would not willingly lose.

As in most experiences, the hardest part is usually the first dip.
The boy has probably gone to see the wrestling matches the night
before college opens, and has been as wildly enthusiastic there as
anybody. But as he steals back late at night, all alone, to the remote
little chamber which is all that he can afford, he is apt to feel with
a sinking of the heart that his undertaking is big and he is small.
With a cold feeling around his stomach he counts over the few small
greenbacks which stand between him and bankruptcy. The dark
city looks huge and uncompromising. The distant college buildings
seem to draw down their eaves like the frowning eyebrows of an
unpaid treasurer or an offended dean. The impression does not
leave him the next morning, but lingers for days. All things in his
life, classmates, customs, recitations, are new and strange; and the
whole world seems to have entered into a conspiracy to make Fresh-
men feel their insignificance, a thing he felt too strongly already.

If he is the right kind of man, however, he will not yield to
such depression. He must do or die; and the right kind of Yale
man prefers to "do." In a day or two we find him at the Self-
Help Bureau, a bureau organized on purpose to give needy students
work, if possible. Here 'he is able to find, perhaps, a place where
he may earn his meals by waiting on table ; and in a fortnight, it may
be, he can get a position taking care of some one's grounds and fur-
nace for two dollars a week. The future indicated by such offers
is not exactly golden; but he is there to fight out his fight in the
good old Yale way, so he accepts what he can get, and plunges ahead.

Soon his life falls into a definite routine. Early in the morning,
passing the Campus buildings on his way to work, he imagines that
he catches from neighboring dormitories the snores of his more lux-

WORKING OOT2'S WAY 55

urious classmates. This thought, however, is not wholly one of envy.
He is already beginning to feel the excitement of a fight well fought,
and a certain strenuous pleasure in building his own road to success.
He studies hard, partly to win the resulting deduction in tuition,
partly to gain a chance to earn money by tutoring, and still more
because the sacrifices which he is making for his education teach him
how much that education is worth. He makes friends slowly, not
because he is poor but because he is unknown and always in a hurry,
nevertheless he does make friends and begins to catch glimpses of the
great warm heart beating in undergraduate life.

If he is a good student he soon gets a recommendation from his
instructors to tutor in those subjects which he knows best. Oppor-
tunities to do this come all too rarely ; but since the minimum price
is a dollar an hour, even a few hours of such work furnish a welcome
addition to a boy's depleted purse. Also, such work often brings
something better than money. It brings the poor tutor into touch
with classmates whom he otherwise might never meet ; and although
they often look on him with reserve at first, many of them will
eventually become his friends if he really has the manhood and warm
heart that command friendship. There can be few better proofs of
Yale democracy than the picture often seen on the eve of an
important examination, when a strenuous night's work of tutoring
is over, and teacher and taught relax for a genial social hour together
over club sandwiches and beer.

By maintaining a good stand, the struggling student at the end
of the first term may increase the amount of his tuition scholar-
ship, the money from which wholly or in large part pays his tui-
tion. This money is usually not given outright by the University,
but it is lent without interest for a period of several years, until
the student can be able to pay it back without severe hardship to
himself. A good scholar may pay all or nearly all of his tuition
through college by this means: and he may also win other prizes
and scholarships for which the different classes in turn are eligible.

Freshman year passes, and Sophomore and Junior years follow.
The student has now practically solved his financial problem. He
has to work hard and will have to work hard through all his college
course; but he knows now that, as long as he. is willing to work,
he can find ways of completing his education. Now he has time to
consider another problem, how to take an active part in the social

56 LIFE AT YALE

life of his Class. In too many institutions what is best in under-
graduate social life is forever closed to the self-help man. At Yale,
such experience may be belated by a man's poverty ; but if he is the
right kind of man he may be sure that it will come in time. Just
how it comes no one knows; but the poor man who has any special
gift in him sooner or later will find leisure to exercise it, in spite
of the heavy demands on his time. One sturdy lad, who before
entering college had never done anything in athletics, becomes a
promising football man in Junior year; and in mingled joy and
terror, under the good-natured coaching of a friendly "blue blood,"
actually blossoms out in full dress at the Junior Prom as one of the
"big- men" of the Class. Or again, we see the shy son of a country
parson, a boy who had been a nobody in his Class at first, become
one of the five editors of the Lit; and as he sits with his colleagues
in the Lit's warm sanctum on "make-up" nights he hears the trem-
bling steps of the "heelers" in the Class below, who are waiting for
the verdict of Yale's literary supreme court. To be sure, there is
little rest in such a life: money to earn when the man is not
studying; outside interests to labor for when he is not earning
money ; but when a man feels that he is "making good," that every
day is bringing new knowledge, new friendships, new experience, no
matter how tired he may creep to bed, he feels that "the game is
worth the candle."

Then comes Senior year, the most friendly, sincere, and demo-
cratic year in undergraduate life. The long leisure hours and
expensive outings in which wealthy Seniors indulge, the self-
help man cannot reasonably expect; but all that is best and most
significant in Senior year, the opportunity to be a leader in his
Class ; the opportunity to form lifelong friendships ; the opportunity
to grow more intelligent and manly by mixing with intelligent and
manly young men all this is open to the poorest man in the class,
if he, in right of his own character and achievements, deserves it.
As the man who has worked his way marches in the long procession
of graduating Seniors on Commencement day, he may heave a sigh
of relief that the most arduous period of his life is over. Yet his
second sigh will be one of regret that so many precious experiences
are things of the past. And some of those men would go through
fire and water rather than lose what those four years have meant to
them and will mean to them in the future.

FREDERICK E. PIERCE, Class of 1904.

GRADUATES AT A DINNER IN CHICAGO LISTENING TO TELEPHONE
SPEECH DELIVERED BY PRESIDENT HADLEY IN NEW HAVEN

GEADUATE INTEKEST AND ORGANIZATION

When all is said and done, Yale's chief business is manufacturing
graduates. Men enter Yale in order to leave it. Somewhere in my
memory there is lurking a sentence about History being a series of
Biographies. There is a smell of the classroom about it a sense
of the breeze from New Haven Harbor and of loose-leaf note books.
Some sub-vice-under-instructor of old Yale lectured that epigram
at me. Now I'll fling it back in Yale's face. Yale is just a series
of graduates. They're her measure, her excuse.

That is true not merely because Yale is a graduate factory.
There's another reason for it, and the story of that other reason is
an endless surprise and delight to me. The "recipients of degrees,"
as the catalogue calls them, never really graduate away from Yale.
On the contrary they return to her, to crowd into her halls from
all New England, whenever there is an excuse for a day's holiday.

58 LIFE AT YALE

They come back to join her teaching corps. They criticize her
mercilessly and joyously, they indignantly meet and organize and
resolute whenever there is a new professor to install or an old flag-
stone walk to remove. They build her dormitories, and pay her
professors, and bolster her over the hard places, and get their fingers
caught in her machinery; and sometimes they snub all her idols
of scholarship and professorial research. And once a year nearly
every one of them meets somewhere, be it in Hartford or Honolulu,
be he a last year's B.A. or a reverend gentleman of '66, and sings and
cheers himself hoarse all one long night for the simple and solitary
reason that he went to Yale like the other men beside him. He does
not always argue the cause of all this. But he knows there is going
marching through his brain a regiment of old memories, gorgeous
and proud and tattered like the ranks of ancient battle flags that
hang above the aisles in so many of England's churches. The loyalty
of a college graduate is one of the most extraordinary and one of the
humanest things in the world.

The graduates of Yale are thoroughly organized. That is one
reason, I suppose, why their accumulated enthusiasm is sometimes
so overwhelming. To the best of my knowledge, no college in the
world has the great federated outposts of past-students that Yale has.
Nearly every first-size city in America has some kind of a Yale asso-
ciation. New York has a full-fledged Yale Club, on Forty-fourth
Street, with a building, and a mortgage I think, and a membership
as long as Tammany Hall, and all the other modern things essential
to an adult club. All the large eastern and southern towns have a
Yale association. Some of them are almost ancient. Even out in
Denver, where the city is only fifty years old, there is a big Yale
Association founded more than thirty years ago. China, Hawaii
and Japan all have them. There are eight sprinkled over New
York State alone, and five on the Pacific coast. Many of the groups
are business-like organizations, exhibiting an exchequer, a corporate
charter and other solemnities. Some of them, particularly those in
the far corners of the earth, are like the multitude of London clubs
that Dickens wrote about. They consist only of a secretary and an
annual banquet. If three Yale men were ever shipwrecked together
in Tierra del Fuego, and did not give a Yale dinner, the incident
is not recorded. Only the absence of a menu would deter them,
and in that case, of course, the incident probably never could be

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A REUNION GEOUP OF GRADUATES DURING COMMENCEMENT WEEK

This group, which includes, third from left, President Taft, Yale 1878, is
standing at the corner of the University auditorium, Woolsey Hall. Beyond in
the picture stands "that ridiculous tower of South Sheffield Hall, with its
battered top-hat of an observatory pulled down over its ears."

recorded. It is the commonest thing in the world to read an account
in the Alumni Weekly of half a dozen Yale men meeting by chance
in some Oriental port, dining together and sending a report of the
incident six or eight thousand miles to New Haven. The last figures
show sixteen thousand living Yale graduates and thousands more
former students who never took the last hurdle and got a degree.
In her two hundred odd years, Yale has delivered a sheepskin to
twenty-six thousand men and turned them away with Godspeed.
The students in New Haven catch sight of quaint old figures every
morning, looking for the old half-forgotten landmarks that have
been unvisited for a quarter of a century.

The graduate associations are not mere reunion clubs. Most of
them maintain a fund which loans money to men who want to work
their way through Yale. Some of them spend hundreds of dollars a

62 LIFE AT YALE

year at this. Nearly all of them are informal employment bureaus,
and many a Yale man in America owes his right to a pay-envelope
to the graduates in his neighborhood. New York City has a full-
fledged office for this object. The associations take an active part
in the work of the central graduate Board and 'of ten campaign in
the election for the six graduates who serve on the "corporation,"
as it is called. This "corporation" is the governing body of the
University.

The organization of graduates does not end with the scattered
garrisons. For one thing there is a big western federation called the
Associated Western Yale Clubs which holds an annual convention.
For another, every association elects delegates to the Alumni Advisory
Board. This is a sort of central congress which is the official mouth-
piece for the scattered army of graduates. It makes reports on
solemn affairs like financial problems, tuition, and entrance require-
ments. Just now as I write it is proposing to build a great athletic
stadium, and to buy new acreage for general outdoor exercise. That
Board publishes this pamphlet. Another big central headquarters
goes under the name of the "Alumni University Fund Association
of Yale." This body handles the flood of contributions ranging
from somebody's loyal one dollar to somebody else's hundred thousand
dollars, which streams into the University every year from graduates
in the four corners of the earth. More than three thousand men
contribute something to this fund every year.

Besides all this work of general organization, each Yale class keeps
up steam in its boilers from the first embarrassed lecture hour of
Freshman year until the last survivor quietly drops out of his page
in "The Directory of Living Graduates." Every class, as it comes
to Senior year, picks out a Secretary who is to remain the permanent
custodian of its records. Most of them pick a New Haven man.
Then, nowadays, a fund is made up to carry on the work and to
print the class books that come out every now and then with a
chronicle of each man's career, the news of his marriage, his chil-
dren, and, after a while, of his grandchildren. The University
maintains a Class Secretaries Bureau whose business it is to keep
the machinery moving. It prods up the tardy secretaries and helps
all with the routine of statistics. When the class is finally extinct,
the fund reverts to the University.

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ALUMNI INTEKEST 65

Most of the younger classes, whose membership is still undepleted
and whose bald spots are still inconspicuous, have annual class din-
ners in some convenient big city. At these the committee in charge
always announces that a a long distance cup" will be presented to the
member who has come farthest to attend the dinner. Sometimes a
graduate conies hundreds of miles with his eye on one of the cups
and loses it; and in the next room, at another class dinner, it may
go to a man who lives almost across the street from the dining-room.
The greatest of the class jubilees, however, and to many Yale
men the greatest events in their lives are the commencement
reunions. Nobody knows where this custom started, but it is going to
end some fine June night in the complete destruction of New Haven.
Tradition decrees that the third, the sixth, the tenth, and then about
every fifth year on, from graduation, each Yale class shall gather
its clans at the University commencement exercises. Each Yale class
does. Tradition likewise decrees that each Yale class aforesaid shall
for three days and three nights appear only in costume, and whether
tradition has issued any papal bulls on this point or not, the fact is
that the costumes are "sui generis" and "ne plus ultra" to the
last inch. A class dinner or two is held, the "class boy" (the first
son born to any member) is proclaimed and installed, the classes
march to, and usually completely into and over, the commencement
baseball game; the president of the University, the dean and a
favorite professor or two are called upon for a speech on the front
porch, and the members scatter again to their work-a-day life. It
isn't exactly a dignified proceeding, after all. But I know supreme
court judges and gray-haired men of God who talk as if they only
tolerated life between one reunion and another.

In all these class activities, the Yale Alumni Weekly plays a great
part. Out of a heap of new magazines on the library table, I catch
myself picking up this first from among them, and I find, too, that
when it is in my hand, I turn first to the back pages where they
publish casual notes of my scattered classmates. Its bountiful illus-
trations, its record of undergraduate events, its pages of fiery corre-
spondence over some recent Yale defeat or victory, the accounts of
polar expeditions and new dormitory buildings everything that
goes to make it one of the most efficient magazines in America have
their turn. But the backnumbers all open in your hand to a certain
part of "Alumni Notes," among the advertisements. Only yester-

66 LIFE AT YALE

day afternoon, it seems, we were the newest class, down at the end of
the long columns. Only a little while ago the notes were all records
of young men entering business. There aren't many of those now.
Then there was a period of marriage announcements, and then a
blizzard of sons and daughters, all named after their fathers whom I
knew. The notes of my class are steadily moving to the head of the
column. They are growing fewer. There is less to record.

About the graduates of Yale as individuals, volumes can be and
have been written. One of our graduates, as I write, is President
of the United States. This president is surrounded in the Federal
government by a whole community of other Yale men. One of his
bitterest political critics is another Yale graduate. They are among
the leaders on both sides in the revolution that is troubling China.
Many younger universities and colleges have been founded by the
labors of Yale graduates, and I can count off-hand judges, state
governors, poets, writers and men of science, among them, a list
in which every name would be familiar to you. Notwithstanding
all this, the real pride of Yale in her graduates rests on another
ground. One man has said that in his experience, wherever the civic
warfare was sternest, wherever he felt the pressure for good citizen-
ship the severest, he found Yale men around him. That sort of idea
among her graduates is Yale's boast. Her pride is in a legion of
sturdy citizens, mostly undistinguished, always intelligent and help-
ful, who have been for these centuries scattering from her doors
to every corner of the world.

A few years ago the two hundredth anniversary of the founda-
tion of Yale University the Bicentennial as it is familiarly called
was celebrated in New Haven. It was a great festival, marked by
years of preparation and rich gifts to the institution, attended by
official representatives from many countries, lasting for days and
conducted with all the pomp and display of the world's great con-
claves. The graduates, in particular, flocked in hundreds to New
Haven. One night in the course of the celebration, a sort of torch-
light presentation of epochs in Yale history was given before the
visitors and the students in the Campus. When I stop to think of the
graduates of Yale, as time carries me on in its current, I find that
my recollections always reenact that night. We freshmen were hud-
dled in benches close down by the footlights. The glare of the arti-
ficial illumination made the dormitories and the elms around us inky

ALUMNI INTEREST

black, and the night behind us was impenetrable. Banked behind
and around in a sort of amphitheatre were the graduates, class by
class, in tiers of temporary seats rising high above our heads. We
could not see them. Only our knowledge of the arrangements and a
rustle in the dark told us that they were there. Something started
them cheering. As I think of it now, there's a lump comes into my
throat and a stir in my pulse. The Class of Nineteen Hundred stood
up in the dark and cheered for 'Seventy-eight, and 'Seventy-eight
cheered them. Class after class picked up the cheer and flung it back
across the arena. The roar of the voices of those invisible men is
rumbling to and fro across my memory now. It was the roar of old
Yale's machinery, the sound of the business of making men, accumu-
lated for a long two hundred years. I cannot remember the play they
played that night, or what man, sat at my side, but I do know that
three hundred freshmen learned with me a little of what it is to

be a graduate of Yale.

JAMES GRAFTON ROGERS, Class of 1905.

THE YALE FOREST SCHOOL

Organized in 1900, the Yale Forest School has quickly made an important
place for itself among the University departments. Its two-years course, open
to college graduates, includes, besides regular instruction in New Haven, a term
of practical work in a large lumbering camp, and a summer term at the home
in Milford, Pa., of the late James W. Pinchot, father of Gifford Pinchot, Yale
Class of 1889, former U. S. Forest Chief, and a patron of the School.

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THE YALE MAN'S NEW HAVEN

The city in which a student at Yale finds himself is a typical
New England manufacturing center, strongly affected in aspect and
character by the great University which is its best known citizen.
It is situated on Long Island Sound seventy-three miles east of New
York City and forms a natural gateway to New England. A city
of one hundred and thirty-five thousand inhabitants, it gives the
impression of being a much smaller town. This impression of a
large New England village rather than a city comes from the lack
of a highly centralized business section, the scattered distribution of
the manufactories and residences, and from the spacious and beau-
tiful Green, which occupies four large blocks in the city's center.
The College Campus is situated near the old geographic center of
the city, in its present business section. Standing at the west of the
old city Green, and at the north of the principal business street
(Chapel Street), the old College Campus forms a quadrangle, a part
of which it has occupied for nearly two hundred years. The Uni-
versity buildings stretch from this old quadrangle for more than a
mile northward to the large Pierson-Sage Square and the grounds
of the Forest School and the Observatory on Prospect Hill. The
Campuses and buildings extend from the seat of the city's business
to the site of its best residences.

Starting with the ludicrously dingy railroad station, illumined and
enlivened by the presence and friendly greetings of throngs of arriv-
ing students, the way leads through a street now bordered by old
houses, once aristocratic residences. Arriving at the city Green at
the corner of Church and Chapel streets, one stands at the cross
roads of all the business of New Haven. Church Street, running
north and south, is, down-town, the home of banks and offices and
the imposing architecture of new municipal buildings. To the north
Church Street turns into Whitney Avenue. This avenue, bordered
by attractive, modest houses surrounded by ample lawns, which
characterize New Haven homes, leads north to Lake Whitney,
a delightful little inland lake furnishing canoeing in summer and
skating in winter. To the south, Church Street becomes Congress
Avenue, the seat of less important trade. To the southeast, at the

70 LIFE AT YALE

entrance to New Haven harbor, is Savin Rock, the miniature Coney
Island and Atlantic City of this New England sea-board. Chapel
Street, which intersects the other chief business street, runs east
through the retail and wholesale section and beyond the harbor, by
huge manufactories, to the pleasant, undulating country of East
Haven, Lake Saltonstall, and southward, to the graceful coast of
Long Island Sound. To the west, Chapel Street divides the shopping
district from the old city Green and from the College Campus, and
leads on to the Yale athletic field at the southwest, and to a resi-
dence district which includes, to the northwest, Marvelwood and the
"Farm in Edgewood" of Donald G. Mitchell, known to the literary
world as "Ik Marvel.' 7

However, before an entering student knows much of the outlying
sections, he will have begun his work at Yale. He will gradually
acquaint himself with the community and with the life of the city
touching Yale. He can conveniently buy what he wants at the
general city stores and the special shops which cater "exclusively"
to college trade. He will be able to attend musical concerts, lectures
and like forms of entertainment which are provided for the city
largely by the University. Theatres, with New Haven's proximity
to New York, present the best plays of the season as well as other
theatrical entertainment. The Hotel Taft, named for one of Yale's
prominent graduates, and a number of smaller hostelries and restau-
rants satisfy the normal demand of the city and college, and over-
flow at times of college festival. The city churches of all denomi-
nations extend genuine welcome to Yale students whenever they
wander from the religious services of the University. By their func-
tions as well as through their representatives, they enable many a
boy to feel himself still in touch with his church home. The stu-
dents also take a part in the social life of New Haven. There are
a number of formal entertainments for members of the University
given throughout the college year by the President and members of
the Faculty. There is probably even more personal pleasure derived
from the less formal affairs to which the students are constantly
being bidden and by means of which they come in contact with the
families of the professors. And such hospitality is not received from
those families alone. Many a fellow shares in the social life of
families in New Haven who are otherwise unconnected with the Uni-
versity. It is safe to say that practically every Yale man knows at

THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN 71

least one or two families in the city in whose home he is a frequent
and welcome visitor.

There is yet another aspect of New Haven of which the boys
become aware as they work and play within its precincts, if indeed
they have not realized it at the start. Everywhere there are evi-
dences of a long and noteworthy past. No place could be typical
of New England without such evidences and New Haven is rich
in them. For the boy who can feel the spirit and poetry of the

THE THREE CHURCHES ON THE GREEN

Center Church is the successor of the old Quinnipiac meeting house and stands
near the site of the old structure which the colonists erected in 1639 as one of
the first buildings of the new colony. Beyond the churches in this view is seen
the outline of the College buildings.

place, there still exist the now shadowy memories of Puritan and
Nonconformist, Cavalier and exiled Roundhead, Constitution-
maker and Continental soldier, Tories and Patriots; for such a lad
a Benedict Arnold still smuggles on the harbor front and a Nathan
Hale still walks the campus, a Noah Webster and a Percival, an Eli
Whitney and a poet Hillhouse still people its old streets and pass
again in and out of the garden gates of ancient, vanished houses.
Its old wharves are standing reminders of the earliest days of the
West Indies trade with the colonies, its harbor shore still shows the
earth forts thrown up to fight off the British ships in the War of
1812, its oldest water-front streets are still lined with the once great
mansions of the ship-owners of the eighteenth century, its Green is

72 LIFE AT YALE

still the same old English village common, on many of its streets in
the older part of the town still stand houses which date back to the
years before the Declaration of Independence, in its famous Grove
Street Cemetery (said to be the first burying ground in the world
to be laid out in family plots) lie Puritan and Continental soldier,
inventor and scholar, side by side with later mayors and manufac-
turers, the honor roll of its two hundred and seventy-five years of
history.

The college undergraduate who will stroll out some afternoon from
the campus and step two blocks across Chapel Street to the corner
of College and George streets, will see there a building on which
is a tablet commemorating the landing on that spot in 1637 of the
first shipload of settlers from England. There, in small boats fol-
lowing the creek which then ran up into what is now the center of
the city, a company of London Puritans, under Rev. John Daven-
port and his old friend and neighbor, Theophilus Eaton, first set
foot On New Haven soil and under the oak tree that stood there went
onto their knees to thank God for their safe landing. A stained
glass window in the west wall of Center Church depicts to-day the
historic scene. A garrison was left to hold the land through the
winter, and the next year, 1638, John Davenport returned from
Boston with more settlers, title was secured from the Indians, the
place named "Quinnipiac," a rendering of the Indian name for
"Long-water," and the land laid out.

The undergraduate who looks to-day from his room in Farnam
or Welch Halls onto the Green is looking at part of the original nine
squares of the settlement. One square was set aside for a public
meeting place, burying ground, church, and watch house. In
1639, the first meeting house was erected somewhat east of the present
Center Church, which dates from 1814. On the old common was the
town pump as well as the town stocks, pillory, and whipping post.
Cattle were pastured here far into the eighteenth century and pigs
wallowed in the mire around the pump. Sand covered the Green
then, and it was largely to keep this from shifting that the elm trees
(which have given the city its second name) were set out in 1792
by James Hillhouse. Benedict Arnold figures as the first actor on
the Green in the Revolution. When that war broke out, Arnold was
the captain of the Governor's Foot Guard, an honorable and resplen-
dent local militia company which has kept its organization to this

THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN 73

time and which frequently interrupts College recitations by parading
gloriously down Chapel Street to the martial strains of a band. The
Battle of Lexington came suddenly on April 19, 1775, and at noon,
two days later, a courier galloped into New Haven from the east with
the tremendous news. Captain Benedict Arnold at once called out his
Foot Guard and the next day demanded powder and bullets from
the town committee. The present Foot Guard annually reenacts
the scene to-day wearing its dress uniform of brilliant red, a survival
from colonial days. That afternoon Arnold, never to appear in New
Haven again, led his handful of New Haven patriots out of the
town, going by way of Whitney Avenue and the old Hartford Turn-
pike (back of the present Country Club) to Hartford and Cambridge.
New Haven has never been proud of Benedict Arnold. Yet he was
good company and a leader in whatever fun the youth of the town
resorted to. I do not know that local tradition is right in linking
his name with that of Nathan Hale in this New Haven period before
the Eevolution. But Hale of the Class of 1773 was in Yale then
and was also a town social favorite. Perhaps the two youths, whose
futures were to be so widely separated, met at more than one town
social affair. Undoubtedly they must have known each other. Gen-
eral Washington reviewed the Yale Military Company (under the
command of a student-lieutenant named Noah Webster) on the Green
as he was on his way to take command of the Continental Army at
Cambridge. Again in 1779, a company of local patriots marched
to meet the British invaders who had landed on the shores of the
harbor. The trained regulars proved too powerful for the valiant
patriots and the British camped on the Green that night. There,
in 1781, the people held a great public celebration over the surrender
of Cornwallis. President Washington and General Lafayette were
later received in splendid style on the old common. During the
Civil War the Green was the scene of the departure of the local
regiments for the front, and for the subsequent mustering out. From
1827 to 1889, the Connecticut State Capitol also stood on this
ground, as New Haven and Hartford were for some time twin
capitals of the state.

Leaving the Green, the very names of the city streets proclaim
its history. On Elm Street, at its north, the elm trees were first
planted. Where it crosses Broadway is the junction of three other
thoroughfares, Whalley and Dixwell avenues and Goffe Street.

74 LIFE AT YALE

These are named for the regicides who fled hither after the English
Restoration in 1660. The undergraduates frequently tramp along
Whalley Avenue, through Westville, to West Rock, on whose summit
is the famous "Judges' Cave" where Whalley and Goffe hid from the
royal officers. Dixwell came to New Haven later to live under
an assumed name. At his death, his identity was revealed and he
was buried on the Green where his monument can now be seen
behind Center Church. Whitney, Hillhouse, Davenport, and Sher-
man avenues, Eaton, Lamberton, Humphrey, and Wooster streets,
as well as Gregson Alley, all are reminiscent of prominent men of
colonial days. A journey northward along Whitney Avenue leads
to East Rock and Lake Whitney.

At the western base of East Rock, the undergraduate interested in
manufacturing will find himself on sacred ground. Here, just under
the present Lake Whitney dam on the right hand of the avenue,
once stood the small factory of stucco where the first interchange-
able part modern guns were made. Eli Whitney, who was graduated
from Yale College in 1792, was the greatest mechanical genius of his
day, and one of the greatest in American history. He invented his
famous cotton gin the year after he left Yale, when in the South.
This invention was so valuable and so revolutionized the cotton
industry that hundreds of infringements of his patent finally beg-
gared him by 1798, at which time he dropped his lawsuits, secured
the contract to furnish the government with 12,000 stands of arms
and returned to his college town to make them. Entirely ignorant
of the way to make these guns, Whitney immediately set out to
invent a system of his own. Machines of all kinds were in those
days constructed on the single piece order, and a gun that was
broken in one part had to be thrown away. Whitney made his guns
on the interchangeable part system an idea of his own thus invent-
ing a manufacturing method which is in universal use to-day. This,
while not so famous as his cotton gin, revolutionized modern manu-
facturing. The Colt revolvers were first made at this little factory.
In 1911 were still to be seen the row of stucco houses on Armory
Street under Mill Rock, which Eli Whitney built to house his skilled
workmen. New Haven's prestige as a center for the manufacture
of fire arms continues to-day in the several factories of the Winchester
Repeating Arms Company. It is worthy of note, in passing, that
New Haven was the home and burial place of Charles Goodyear, the
inventor of vulcanized rubber.

THE CITY OF NEW HAVEN 75

Noah Webster, James Gates Percival, EitzGreene Hallock, James
Hillhouse, Jedediah Morse and Donald G. Mitchell (Ik Marvel), are
the striking names that occur first to the undergraduate who is inter-
ested in the early literary associations of the place. John Daven-
port, Ezekiel Cheever, Jonathan Edwards, and Michael Wiggles-
worth also have claim to American literary fame. Noah Webster
edited his great Dictionary in New Haven, whither he returned to
make his home several years after his graduation from Yale in 1778.
He lived at one time in a house on the present site of the Uni-
versity auditorium, Woolsey Hall; his death occurred in the old
Trowbridge house still standing on the corner of Temple and Grove
streets. James A. Hillhouse, of the Class of 1808, was a poet of
considerable repute at the time, writing for the Phi Beta Kappa
exercises at Yale in 1812. His home, long known as Hillhouse
Place, was one of the sightliest residences in the vicinity; it has
recently become the Pierson-Sage Square of Yale University. New
Haven's greatest claim to literary fame, however, may yet rest on her
possession of Donald G. Mitchell, the "Ik Marvel" of those most
quaint and poetical and charming books, "Reveries of a Bachelor"
and "Dream Life." He wrote his "Reveries" at the old family
farmhouse in Salem, Conn., and later moved permanently to Edge-
wood, in Westville, overlooking New Haven. Here he long lived
the life of a scholar and country gentleman, publishing a series of
delightful volumes, of which his "My Earm at Edgewood" is per-
haps the most popular and the best. When men who are still young
were students at Yale he was an occasional and honored visitor at
their literary banquets, and for many years he was a constant and
well known visitor to the college campus and library. Until his
recent death, he could regularly be met with by undergraduate
trampers of spring and fall afternoons, driving about Woodbridge
and the city in his low phaeton. To the New Haven of yesterday he
brought back the early days of Washington Irving and Poe and Haw-
thorne, whom he knew as a younger man, and with whom he will
always be classed as an American literary pioneer.

Erom papers by

OVIATT, Class of 1896, and others.

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SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF YALE

In the year 1701 half a dozen Connecticut preachers came together
at the house of one of their number in Branford and each in turn
setting down an arm load of books, announced "I give these books
for the founding of a college in Connecticut." This is the tradi-
tional beginning of Yale. In the same year the legislature passed an
act of liberty to erect a " Collegiate School 77 wherein Youth
might "be instructed in the Arts and Sciences 77 and "fitted for Pub-
lick employment both in Church and Civil State. 77 In the fall of
the same year seven trustees met in Saybrook, at the mouth of the
Connecticut River, and organized the College. They voted to fix
the school at Saybrook and elected Rev. Abraham Pierson rector.
The new College remained in Saybrook for fifteen years, though in
fact much of the work was done elsewhere. Rector Pierson remained
at his home in Killingworth and taught the students there, and his
successor, Rev. Samuel Andrew, stayed at his home in Milford and
kept the seniors in that place. But the Commencement was observed
each year in Saybrook until 1716.

The collection of books which brought the College into being,
increasing in number, required an adequate depository, and the pro-
ject of this building and other considerations forced action on the
whole question of the permanent site of the College. In 1716 this
question, after a bitter controversy, was decided by a majority vote
of the trustees in favor of New Haven and against the original site
of Saybrook. By the Commencement in 1718 the College, safely
settled in New Haven in a commodious building at the southeast
corner of the present old College quadrangle, was formally named
Yale College in honor of Elihu Yale, a Governor of Madras under
the British East India Company, and son of one of the original
settlers of the Colony of New Haven, who had made a donation to
the institution of 562. 12s. in goods and a collection of books.
Probably never has lasting fame come to any man for so little
effort and such small expense.

The College continued in one general building in New Haven
until the Rectorship of Rev. Thomas Clap, under whose administra-
tion was erected, in 1750, a large brick dormitory, "Connecticut
Hall, 77 a building which, recently restored to its original form and

78 LIFE AT YALE

appearance, stands now on the College Campus. Through the influ-
ence of Rector Clap a new charter was obtained from the Colonial
Legislature in 1745 containing important modifications of the old
one. By this charter the institution which had formerly been "a
collegiate school" now became "Yale College" and the former
"Rector" became its "President." The new charter also conferred
ample powers of government on the "President and Fellows" who
were to constitute the governing board or "Corporation," and these
essential provisions remain unchanged to the present day.

Toward the third quarter of the century the work of the College
was somewhat interrupted by the Revolutionary War, in which the
record of Yale men was most honorable. The Yale soldier whose
name is probably most highly cherished is Nathan Hale of the Class
of 1773, who volunteered as a spy in the service of General Washing-
ton and was captured and executed by the British in 1776.

The College continued to grow in prestige and numbers during the
first century of its existence, so that in 1800, under the administra-
tion of President Dwight, the enrollment numbered 217, and at
even that early date the number of students from the Southern and
Southwestern states formed so large a proportion of the total enroll-
ment as to begin to fix the character of the college as a national
institution. President Dwight's far-sighted plans for Yale contem-
plated its expansion into a University with the four historic depart-
ments of Philosophy, Theology, Law, and Medicine.

During the administration of President Theodore D. Woolsey,
from 1846 to 1871, Yale gained in reputation as an institution of
scholarship and learning, and in strength and prosperity. With him
were associated a notable group of educators the imprint of whose
personality has shaped the educational policy not only of Yale
but of many other American universities of the present day. The
names that stand out particularly in this galaxy are the following :

Professors Elias Loomis and Denison Olmsted of Natural Philosophy, Noah
Porter of Mental and Moral Philosophy, James D. Dana of Geology, Thomas A.
Thacher of Latin, Benjamin Silliman of Chemistry (son of the "elder" Benjamin
Silliman also of Chemistry, "the Nestor of American science" ) , James Hadley of
Greek, William D. Whitney of Language, Hubert A. Newton of Mathematics,
George J. Brush of Metallurgy, Cyrus Northrop of Rhetoric and English Litera-
ture, Daniel C. Gilman of Geography and Librarian, Othniel C. Marsh of Paleon-
tology, John P. Norton, Samuel W. Johnson and William H. Brewer of Agriculture
and Agricultural Chemistry, and J. Willard Gibbs in the beginnings of his notable
work in Physics.

HISTORICAL SKETCH 79

In addition to the departments of Philosophy, Theology, Law, and
Medicine, all of which were a part of the educational machinery of
the institution since before the middle of the nineteenth century,
an important development came during President Woolsey's adminis-
tration in the organization of a new department of Philosophy and
Arts. This department came in answer to a new popular demand
for technical instruction, especially in chemistry, which, as applied
to the arts, was then in its infancy. There was a demand for a
"new learning,' 7 different from that of the classical colleges, and one
branch of this new department at Yale, the Sheffield Scientific School,
was a pioneer in the effort to meet this demand. The other branch
of this new department of Arts and Sciences at Yale was the Gradu-
ate School, again a pioneer movement in American education. Of
this new educational movement 'at Yale, the President of the Carne-
gie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, under the head-
ing "The Evolution of the American Type of University," says:
"Historically the account should begin with Yale College, when in
1846 graduate courses in Philosophy and the Arts were established.
. . . The honor of having established the first creditable course of
study for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is due to Yale. . . ."

ACADEMIC PROCESSION MARCHING FROM CAMPUS TO AUDITORIUM
AT THE CELEBRATION OF YALE'S BICENTENNIAL IN 1901

80 LIFE AT YALE

Important expansions of the college work into other fields are
found in the more recent establishment of the School of Fine Arts,
the Peabody Museum of Natural History, the Winchester Observa-
tory, the Music School, and the Forest School.

The institution, for many years a university in fact, became so
in name in 1886 at the inauguration of President Dwight, grandson
of the former president of the same name, when the corporate title
was changed from Yale College to Yale University. President
Dwight' s term witnessed advance in work and unprecedented growth
in numbers and equipment. The thirteen -years of the present admin-
istration, that of President Arthur Twining Hadley, who succeeded
President Dwight in 1899, have marked continued expansion in
important directions, particularly in material growth and prosperity
and in the scholarly work of the Faculty and students.

Yale has stood for two centuries and stands to-day for two distinct
motives in education. The first is the training of the student for
public service : described in the words of the earliest charter as the
"fitting of youth for publick employment both in church and civil
state." In this training for large public service the national char-
acter of the student body has been a factor. For over a century the
South and West have met in large numbers with the East and ISTew
England states in the student enrollment at Yale. At present
approximately one-fourth of the total number of Yale graduates are
residents of the Western states ; nearly one-tenth are of the Southern
states; over one-third are of the Central states, and somewhat less
than one-third are of the ~New England states. The enrollment of
students at present in the University shows approximately the same
distribution of residence. This national character of the student
body, no less than the fixed purpose of the University, has kept the
training at Yale directed not only toward sound scholarship but as
well toward broad public service.

The second characteristic in education at Yale may be traced to
the origin of the institution in a collection of books and the close
connection between the development of the library and the insti-
tution. The value of research, emphasis on the necessity for a uni-
versity to increase as well as to rehearse the present field of knowl-
edge, has been a characteristic principle of Yale's development.
Present expansion in the direction of large, thoroughly equipped
laboratories, and the scientific field-explorations in the realm of

HISTORICAL SKETCH 81

natural history and geography are evidences of Yale's regard for
the worth of enlarging the field of human knowledge.

There had been in 1910 a total of 26,313 graduates of the Uni-
versity, of whom approximately 16,000 are now living. It is esti-
mated that, in addition, students equal in number to about one half
the total graduated were for a time enrolled in the University but
failed to receive a degree. In this roll of graduates, beside those
mentioned above, and omitting the names of any now living, the fol-
lowing may be mentioned as having had particular influence in the
history of this country:

Signers of the Declaration of Independence: Philip Livingston, 1737; Lewis
Morris, 1746; Lyman Hall, 1747; Oliver Wolcott, 1747.

Members of the Convention of 1787 icho framed the Constitution of the United
States: William Livingston, 1741; William Samuel Johnson, 1744; Abraham
Baldwin, 1772.

In Theology: Jonathan Edwards, 1720, probably the greatest theologian this
country has produced; Lyman Beecher, 1797, a leader in the temperance and anti-
slavery movement; Leonard Bacon, 1820, prominent in the anti-slavery contest;
Horace Bushnell, 1827.

In Law and Public Affairs: James Kent, 1781, jurist, Chief Justice and
Chancellor of New York; John C. Calhoun, 1804, Vice President of the United
States, a chief exponent of the Doctrine of State Sovereignty; Alphonso Taft,
1833, Secretary of \Var and Attorney General and United States Minister to
Austria and Russia; William M. Evarts, 1837, Secretary of State; Morrison
R. Waite, 1837, Chief Justice of the United States.

In Invention: Eli Whitney, 1792, inventor of the cotton-gin; Samuel F. B.
Morse, 1810, inventor of the electric magneto telegraph.

In Letters: Noah Webster, 1778; Donald G. Mitchell, 1841; Edmund Clarence
Stedman, 1853.

INFORMATION

Facts and Figures Relating Particularly to the Undergraduate

Departments

ENTKANCE KEQUIREMENTS

Students are admitted to the two undergraduate departments of Yale
University upon passing examination in subjects noted below. These
examinations may be taken at one time, or the candidate may present
himself for examination in one or more subjects at any examination
session. A schedule of examinations and list of places where examina-
tions are to be held may be had from the Registrar of the department.

The candidate should send to the Registrar of the department he
wishes to enter, by May 15, a written notification of his intention to take
the examination, and at what place he will take it. A fee of $5.00 is
charged for admission to every examination session and this should
be paid by May 15, for the June examinations; or before the time of
registration, for the September examinations, which are held only in
New Haven. At or before each examination the candidate must send
to the Registrar or present to the person in charge of the examination
a definite statement from his principal instructor specifying subjects in
which he is authorized to take the examination, and before his admis-
sion to college he must submit an honorable dismissal from school or a
certificate of moral character.

In Yale College, conferring the degree of B.A., the subjects of exam-
ination are as follows :

SUBJECTS SPECIFICALLY REQUIRED ADDITIONAL SUBJECTS, OF WHICH FOTJB

OF ALL CANDIDATES ARE REQUIRED OF EACH CANDIDATE

1. Latin Grammar i. Greek Grammar and

Composition

2. Latin Composition ii. Xenophon

3. Csesar-Nepos iii. Homer

iv. French (a) or German (a)

4. Cicero-Sallust (i. e., the one not offered as

one of the subjects specifi-

5. Vergil-Ovid cally required)

v. French (6)

6. French (a) or German (a) vi. German (5)

vii. German (c)

7. English (a) viii. Solid Geometry and Plane Trig-

onometry

8. English (6) ix. Physics

x. Chemistry

9. Algebra (a) xi. Ancient History

xii. English History or American

10. Algebra (6) History and Civil Government

(either, but not both)

11. Plane Geometry

NOTE: (a) elementary course, (6) or (c) advanced course.

84 LIFE AT YALE

In the Sheffield Scientific School, conferring the degree of Ph.B.,
the subjects of examination are as follows :

PRESCRIBED SUBJECTS

ENGLISH : Both of the following :

English (a) : Reading (2)

English ( 6 ) : Study ( 1 )

FOREIGN LANGUAGES : Any two of the following :

( Latin Grammar and Composition ( 1 ) and

l ' ( Caesar-Nepos (1)

2. French, Elementary (2)

3. German, Elementary (2)

HISTORY: Any one of the following:

American History ( 1 )

English History (1)

Mediaeval and Modern European History ( 1 )

Ancient History ( 1 )

MATHEMATICS : All of the following :

Algebra, Elementary (1%)

Algebra, Advanced (%)

Plane Geometry ( 1 )

Solid Geometry
Plane Trigonometry

SCIENCE: Any one of the following:

Physics ( 1 )

Chemistry ( 1 )

Botany ( 1 )

ELECTIVE SUBJECTS Any two of the following subjects not already pre-
scribed or elected :

Physics ( 1 ) Cicero-Sallust or

Chemistry (1) Vergil-Ovid (1)

Botany (1) French, Elementary (2)

Mechanical Drawing ( 1 ) French, Intermediate ( 1 )

Latin Grammar and ) German, Elementary (2)

Composition, and (. / 2 \ German, Intermediate (1)
Caesar-Nepos f * ' History, any one unit

noted above (1)

The numbers in parenthesis after the subjects indicate the amount of time, or the " units,"
required for preparation, a unit representing work involving four or five exercises a week for
the whole school year.

In place of the Yale examinations candidates in either department
may meet the entrance requirements by passing examinations in the
equivalent subjects which are set by the College Entrance Examination
Board. This is a general examining board composed of representatives
of many colleges, including Yale University. The examinations of
this Board are accepted for entrance by the leading colleges of the
country. This Board has its headquarters in New York City, and the

INFORMATION 85

list of places in which its examinations are held may be obtained by
addressing the Secretary of the Board, Sub-Station 84, New York City.
The Board certificate which a candidate receives after passing the
examinations should be sent for exchange to the Registrar of the depart-
ment the student is to enter at Yale.

Applications for admission to advanced standing with or without
examination are received from graduates and undergraduates of other
institutions. Particulars and forms of application may be obtained
from the Registrar of the department to be entered.

Further details in regard to the entrance examinations are given in
the catalogue of the department concerned.

COURSES OF STUDY

While there is a certain liberty of election in courses of study at Yale,
the courses that may be taken in the College or in Sheffield Scientific
School are divided into groups. In the College a student entering the
Freshman Class must choose one of three groups of courses, from which
most of his subsequent college studies will be chosen. In the Sheffield
Scientific School each class is divided into two groups at the beginning
of the year: the Engineering Science group, and the Natural Science
group. The final choice of specific course within the two groups must
be made during Freshman year before March 1. For particulars
regarding courses one should refer to the University Catalogue or to the
catalogue of the department concerned.

THE UNIVERSITY CALENDAR

In brief the University Calendar is as follows:

Public Commencement at Yale is held on the next to last "Wednesday
in June.

The first term commences fourteen weeks, or occasionally fifteen
weeks, from the day after Commencement Day. At present the first
term extends to the winter vacation of two weeks at Christmas time,
and the second term extends from the end of the winter vacation to
Commencement Day, with a spring recess of one week including Easter
Sunday.

A new University year of two semesters has been adopted and will
go into effect in the fall of 1913. This divides the year into two equal
periods, the mid-year examinations beginning on Friday, three full
weeks after the resumption of work after the winter vacation. The
second semester will begin after a recess of three days following the
last examination of the first semester. The winter and spring vacations
will continue at the same time and for the same periods as at present.

86 LIFE AT YALE

EXPENSES

Tuition in the College is $155.00 per year, and in the Sheffield Scien-
tific School $150.00. In the Scientific School an additional charge of
$21.00 is made for use of libraries, gymnasium, etc. Booms in College
dormitories, which accommodate about 1,050 men, are obtainable at
prices ranging from $60.00 to about $200.00 a year per student. Kooms
are reserved in May for members of the Freshmen Class of the year fol-
lowing. These are assigned to applicants in order of application.
Correspondence about College rooms should be addressed to the Regis-
trar of the College. Rooming accommodations for about 200 men in
the Scientific School range in price from $76.00 to about $200.00.
Rooms outside dormitories vary in price according to their location.
The Sheffield Scientific School societies have society houses in which the
members may room. The prices of these rooms average about the same
as those in the dormitories, with certain reductions in some cases.
Students in either the College or the Scientific School cannot room in
any hotel, apartment house, or any building in which a family does
not reside, except by special permission of the Faculty.

Board may be obtained at cost at the University Dining Hall, which
contains seats for 1,200 members of the University. The sum of $3.25
a week is charged for certain specified staples of food, and in addition
there is an a la carte service. The board averages from $5.00 to $5.25
a week. Dwight Hall, on the College Campus, has a grill room open to
all members of the University. Board outside of college costs from
$3.50 to $8.00 per week. The average price is probably about $5.00.

The necessary annual expenses in college, omitting clothing, vacation
expenses, and sundries, have been estimated as follows: the lowest
amount, $335.00; a liberal amount, $770.00; and a general average,
$525.00 a year. These amounts include tuition, rent of half-room in
college, board, furniture, fuel and light, washing, text-books and sta-
tionery, and subscriptions (to societies, sports, periodicals, etc.).

FACILITIES FOR SELF-HELP

A student may defray part or all of his expenses at Yale by doing
various kinds of work. About 500, or one-fourth of the total number of
men enrolled in the College and the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale,
defray all or a part of their expenses at college by such work.

Private tutoring is perhaps the most remunerative work for the under-
graduate. Application for this work should be made to the instructors.

IN FKONT OF THE YALE POST OFFICE

This office is conveniently situated in the basement entry of the brick dormitory
on the "Middle Campus." Beyond stand the twin brick buildings of the Yale
Divinity School.

Students may earn their board as waiters in small clubs. Applications
for positions as waiters should be made early in the fall, before
the University opens, to boarding-house keepers or to the Bureau of
Appointments. Students also obtain board by forming and managing
eating-clubs of their fellows. About twenty-five students are employed
in the University Dining Hall as "checkers" and clerks. The Bureau
of Appointments has the disposal of these positions, for which there is
usually a long waiting list. Clerical work in business houses in the
city, and in some of the University organizations, is obtainable. Can-
vassing is especially good work for vacation. Students often report for
local papers or act as correspondents for out of town papers. For the
care of furnaces and sidewalks in winter, and of lawns and gardens in
summer, a student obtains his room rent free or receives from $1.50 to
$2.50 a week. Typewriting and stenographic work is available in the
business organizations of the University. Students are often employed
as motormen and conductors. Some obtain positions in the choirs or
as organists in city churches.

88 LIFE AT YALE

Statistics taken recently show the following amounts earned in various
types of work by students at Yale in one year :

Number
Work. of men. Amount.

Teaching $37,163

Private tutoring 182 27,620

Waiting in eating clubs 135 18,463

Managing eating clubs 61 7,465

Clerical work '. 193 22,224

Canvassing 130 10,970

Reporting for newspapers 18 3,319

Street railway work 15 2,418

Caring for furnaces, lawns, etc 32 1,711

Typewriting and stenography 29 2,671

Music 17 1,897

Other lines of work in which students had been employed the same
year included: work at summer resorts, religious work, work in fac-
tories, civil engineering, farming, banking, library work, managing boys'
clubs, literary work, printing, surveying, housework, and railroading.
Smaller sums were earned in ushering, monitoring, as chauffeurs,
in summer camps, as proctors, ticket selling, in legal work, collect-
ing, as guards at Yale Field, in mason work, carpentering, moving
furniture, as guides about college buildings, operating stereopticon lan-
terns, as station agents, painting, meat cutting, as fencing instructor,
as fruit inspector, making banners, publishing programs, as interpreters,
testing in a rope factory, as janitor, in lumber camp, as Pullman con-
ductor, in sleight-of-hand entertainments, as "clearer" on theatre stage,
collecting geological specimens, getting out blotters as advertisements, in
laundry, wheeling invalid's chair, addressing envelopes, selling spring
water, etc.

Scholarships are maintained in various departments of the University
for the aid of needy students of high standing. Special prizes of large
and small sums are offered for competition in many subjects. Tuition
scholarships are granted to approved students in the Academical Depart-
ment upon the basis of need and of excellence in scholarship. They
are at the rate of $70.00, $110.00, and $150.00 a year, according to
the degree of need and excellence of scholarship. Application for these
should be made to the Bureau of Appointments before October 1 of
each year. The University Loan Fund furnishes loans of the same
amounts to students both in the College and the Scientific School.
Application for these may be made through the Bureau of Appoint-
ments. In both of these departments special scholarships are awarded
to men selected for sundry special reasons by the Deans and Facul-
ties or by the Bureau of Appointments. A complete list of such

INFORMATION 89

scholarships is printed in the University Catalogue. Yale Alumni Asso-
ciations in several localities offer scholarships for the benefit of students
entering from those localities. Such scholarship aid is offered by the
alumni in Chicago, Cleveland, Colorado, Essex County (N. J.), Hart-
ford, Hawaii, Louisville, Northern Minnesota and Northern Wisconsin,
Michigan, Northeastern New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul and Southern
Minnesota, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,, Rochester, Seattle, Southern
California, and Wisconsin. Special scholarships are maintained by the
University for the benefit of those entering from Connecticut and New
Haven high schools. Men in the Sheffield Scientific School may obtain
aid from the Sheffield Loaning Fund and the Vanderbilt Loaning Fund.
Application for such assistance should be made to the Director of the
School. Prizes for excellence in special lines of work are offered by
the various departments.

The Loring W. Andrews Memorial Loan Library, under the charge of
the University Librarian, provides for the loan of text-books and works
of reference to needy students of the Academical Department. Permis-
sion to use this library must be obtained at the Bureau of Appoint-
ments. The Lounsbury Loan Library provides for the loan to the
Scientific School students of a limited supply of text-books.

The Yale Cooperative Corporation, organized by and in the interests
of members of the University, has a store in Fayerweather Hall, near
Elm Street, where students' supplies are sold practically at cost to its
members. The fee for membership is $2.00 for one year, $4.00 for
three years, and $5.00 for four years.

UNIVERSITY PRIVILEGES

THE UNIVERSITY CHURCH

The privileges of the Church of Christ in Yale University are
extended to all students of the University. Prayers, conducted by vari-
ous officers of the University, are held daily except Sunday at Battell
Chapel. Services with sermons by eminent preachers from various
cities and institutions are held Sundays either in Battell Chapel or Wool-
sey Hall. Attendance of students in the Academical Department is
required at both morning prayers and Sunday worship. Attendance at
Sunday morning service may be either at the College Chapel or at one
of the New Haven churches selected by the student or his parents. The
College Chapel is open to all members of the University.

CONCERTS, LECTURES, COLLECTIONS, ETC.

Among the many University privileges are concerts given either free
of charge or at a moderate admission price, and many lectures.

90 LIFE AT YALE

University Chamber Concerts, in which musicians of note take part,
are held each year. Several concerts are given every winter by the
New Haven Symphony Orchestra, with the assistance of eminent
soloists. The New Haven Oratorio Society gives one or two concerts
each season. Organ recitals are given in Woolsey Hall each week
during the winter term by Professor Jepson of Yale or by some dis-
tinguished visiting organist. Some informal recitals are given by
students of the Department of Music each year. Artists' concerts by
musicians and organizations of high standing are given from time to
time.

In addition to lectures given in connection with the curriculum, there
are a large number of lecture courses under the auspices of the various
departments of the University. These are open to all University stu-
dents. Among these lecture courses are included : the Silliman Memo-
rial lectures on natural history ; the Dodge lectures on citizenship ; the
Trowbridge lecture course on art; the Lyman Beecher lectures on
preaching; the Bromley lectures on journalism, literature, and public
affairs ; the Stanley Woodward lectures by distinguished foreigners who
ure visiting this country ; etc., etc.

The Art School contains valuable collections of paintings, wood-carv-
ings, sketches, casts, porcelains, and prints. The Peabody Museum of
Natural History is especially strong in its mineralogical and geologi-
cal collections. These collections are at most times open for public
exhibition.

LIBRARIES

The whole number of books in the. libraries of the University is about
000,000. The University Library proper, which consists of Chitten-
den Hall, Linsly Hall, and the old library building, contains about
735,000 of these volumes. The library contains many notable col-
lections, such as that of Chinese literature, of first and important
editions of American belles lettres, of Arabic manuscripts, of Oriental
books and manuscripts, the Marsh paleontological library, the Scandi-
navian library of Count Eiant, the Curtius library of classical literature,
and many other special collections, important and unique. In the
"Linonia and Brothers" library in Chittenden Hall, there are about
25,000 selected books, chiefly of the best current literature. Here are
also books of reference and the books reserved for special use in courses
of study. The periodical room in Chittenden Hall contains over 700
of the leading scholarly periodicals. The reading-room in Dwight Hall
contains the lighter periodicals and the leading daily newspapers. In
Linsly Hall there are seminary rooms and libraries for the departments

INTERIOR or THE ART SCHOOL

The important collections of the Art School include the Jarves Gallery of
Italian art, paintings dating from the eleventh to the seventeenth century; the
Trumbull Gallery of historical portraits; the Alden Collection of Belgian wood
carvings of the seventeenth century; a collection of casts and marbles repre-
sentative of various periods of art; a collection of Chinese porcelains and
bronzes; a collection of Braun autotypes and Arundel prints; etc.

of History, Social Sciences, Philosophy and Psychology, Modern Lan-
guages, and the Natural and Physical Sciences.

The Sheffield Scientific School Library in Sheffield Hall contains
about 7,500 volumes, chiefly of mathematics. The Law Library in
Hendrie Hall, the Law School, contains about 34,015 volumes and 3,500
pamphlets, being particularly strong in Koman law and United States
statutory law. The new Day Missions Library of the Divinity School
contains the largest strictly mission collection in America. Its reading-
room is provided with about 200 missionary periodicals. The Eliza-
bethan Club owns a library of belles lettres, and has a collection of
Elizabethan first editions unequaled in any single collection in the
world. In addition to these, there are about fifteen other special libra-
ries used by the various departments of the University.

LABORATORIES

The Laboratories of the University include the following:
For physics the new Sloane Physics Laboratory, open for the use of
the Academic, Scientific and Graduate departments in 1912.

92 LIFE AT YALE

For chemistry the Kent Chemical Laboratory of the College and the
Sheffield Chemical Laboratory of the Scientific School.

For biological sciences the laboratories for elementary biology, botany
and plant physiology, bacteriology and hygiene in Sheffield Hall; the
laboratories for comparative anatomy, embryology, entomology, general
physiology and physiological chemistry in the Sheffield Biological
Laboratory; the laboratories for invertebrate zoology and paleontology
in the Peabody Museum of Natural History; laboratories for physical
physiology and pathology in the Medical School. A new University
Laboratory for Zoology, Comparative Anatomy and Botany is in process
of construction on Pierson-Sage Square.

For geological sciences, laboratories for geology, mineralogy, petrology
and geography in Kirtland Hall and the Peabody Museum.

For psychology Herrick Hall.

For engineering the recently completed Mason Laboratory for
Mechanical Engineering; civil and electrical laboratories in Win-
chester Hall, and the Hammond Mining and Metallurgical Laboratory.

There is also an observatory and a botanical garden.

THE INFIRMARY

The University Infirmary, attractively located on Prospect Hill, may
be used by students at the nominal price of $1.50 a day. A competent
matron is in residence. The call and choice of physician rests with
the patient.

GENERAL CLUB LIFE

In addition to the fraternities or elective clubs, there are in the
University a number of open general clubs. The most distinctive of
these clubs are Dwight Hall in the College and Byers Memorial Hall
in the Scientific School. These buildings are the headquarters of
the Christian associations in their respective departments. They also
contain reading rooms, and general lounging and social rooms. The
Yale University Club is a general club open to upper classmen of
either undergraduate department. There are also a number of school
and sectional clubs composed of men coming to the University from the
same school, city or state. There are also many clubs and associations
of men of similar tastes, such as literary clubs, the Cercle Frangais,
Cosmopolitan Club, etc., etc.

ATHLETIC FACILITIES

Yale athletics are divided into two groups : general exercise under the
direction and supervision of the University; and sports carried on by
the undergraduates.

INTOKMATION

The Yale gymnasium, one of the largest buildings in the country
devoted exclusively to gymnastics and athletics, is the center of the
former group. The Director is a trained physician. A thorough
physical examination is given each student yearly without charge.
Gymnastic work is required of the Freshman Class of the College, except
of those who are in training with the recognized athletic teams. The
equipment includes the best devices from the German and Swedish
gymnasiums, as well as the American development appliances. There
are bowling-alleys, rowing-tanks, hand-ball courts, squash courts, basket-
ball facilities, crew and football rooms, fencing and boxing rooms, etc.,
besides a main exercise hall. The Carnegie Swimming Pool, situated
back of the gymnasium, is a building 120 by 60 feet, the pool itself
being 75 by 30 feet. All Freshmen who cannot swim are given lessons
free of charge. During October and November a course of lectures on
health topics is given to the- College Freshmen, attendance being
compulsory.

Athletic sports at Yale are in charge of the undergraduates. A
revised set of rules governing these sports has recently been adopted
in order to place Yale athletics on a more permanent and a broader

INTERIOR OF THE CARNEGIE SWIMMING POOL

94 LIFE AT YALE

cooperative graduate and undergraduate basis. A new Yale Uni-
versity Athletic Association, which regulates the conduct of athletics
in Yale, has been formed. It consists of the following members: the
managers of the four major sports (foot-ball, base-ball, track teams and
crew) ; the captains of the four major sports' teams ; the president
of the Minor Athletic Association (representing tennis, golf, basket-ball,
hockey, swimming, gymnastics, wrestling, fencing, gun, and soccer) ;
and five additional members, graduates of Yale University.

Yale Field, the athletic field of the University, is situated about a
mile from the campus. It contains several base-ball and foot-ball fields,
a quarter-mile running track, foot-ball stands accommodating over 35,000
people, and a covered base-ball stand with bleachers, seating over 7,000.
A plan for enlarging the general athletic facilities and for permanent
athletic equipment at Yale has recently been adopted. This plan was
worked out by a graduate Committee of Twenty-One, appointed by
the Alumni Advisory Board. The committee has already acquired
80 acres of land directly opposite Yale Field. Permanent fire-proof
foot-ball stands to accommodate over 60,000 people, and a new club
house for the use of the students, are planned to be erected on the
newly acquired land. The remainder of the territory will be laid out
for use of general recreation. This development will include : foot-
ball fields, base-ball diamonds, tennis-courts, etc. The old field will
be kept for the University base-ball team, for foot-ball and base-
ball practice, and for track athletics. The base-ball stand is to be
replaced by a permanent structure to seat about 20,000 people. The
plans of the committee will provide opportunities for at least half of
the undergraduate body to exercise at one time.

The new George A. Adee Boat House, erected by the alumni at the
cost of $100,000, was opened in May, 1911. It is situated on New
Haven Harbor, and contains complete rowing equipment. Besides
accommodations for the regular crews, there are ample facilities for all
men who wish to train or take part in rowing.

A new base-ball cage, erected north of the Carnegie Swimming Pool,
contains in addition to a regulation base-ball diamond, a running
track, and jumping and vaulting pits. It is intended particularly for
winter base-ball practice. The courts of the Tennis Association are
situated on Whitney Avenue. The Hockey Team has the use of the
new Yale Skating Eink on West Kiver Meadow, east of Yale Field.

THE YALE CORPORATION*

President
ARTHUR TWINING HADLEY, PH.D., LL.1).

Fellows

His Excellency the Governor of Connecticut

His Honor the Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut

Rev. Joseph Anderson, D.D., Woodmont

Rev. Edwin Pond Parker, D.D., Hartford

Rev. Joseph Hopkins Twichell, M.A., Hartford

Rev. Newman Smyth, D.D., New Haven

Rev. James Wesley Cooper, D.D., Hartford

Payson Merrill, LL.B., M.A., New York City

Hon. Eli Whitney, M.A., New Haven 1913f

Henry Bradford Sargent, M.A., New Haven 1914f

Charles Hopkins Clark, M.A., Hartford

Rev. Newell Meeker Calhoun, M.A., Orange

Otto Tremont Bannard, LL.B., M.A., New York City 1916f

Alfred Lawrence Ripley, M.A., Boston, Mass. 1915f

Hon. William Howard Taft, LL.D., Washington, D. C. 1912f

Clarence Hill Kelsey, M.A., New York City

Rev. Charles Edward Jefferson, D.D., New York City

John Villiers Farwell, M.A., Chicago, 111. 19l7f

Secretary
REV. ANSON PHELPS STOKES, JR., D.D.

Treasurer
GEORGE PARMLY DAY, M.A.

* The Corporation is the governing body of the University. It consisted
originally of ten Connecticut Congregational ministers. These original trustees
are elected for life and their successors elect fellows to fill vacancies in their
own number. These successors are no longer limited to Congregational clergy-
men nor to residents of Connecticut. In 1792 the membership of the Cor-
poration was increased to include the governor and lieutenant governor and the
six senior senators of Connecticut. In 1871 the place in the Corporation of
the six senators was given to alumni fellows elected by the alumni at large,
each for a term of six years, with possibility of reelection.

t A date indicates the year in which the term of a Fellow elected by the Alumni
expires.

THE ALUMNI ADVISORY BOARD

CHAIRMAN, Henry Treat Rogers, Foster Bldg., Denver, Colo.
RECORDING SECRETARY, Rev. Anson Phelps Stokes, Jr., Yale University.
CORRESPONDING SECRETARY, Edward Johnson Phelps, 50 South LaSalle

Street, Chicago, 111.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, Mr. Rogers, Chairman, and Messrs. Hidden,

Flanders, Bigelow, Perrin, Greene, Phelps.

MEMBERSf

The President, Secretary, and Treasurer of the University.

The Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Yale Alumni University

Fund Association, care W. E. S. Griswold, 35 Wall st., New York

City.
The President and Secretary of the Yale Association of Class

Secretaries.

j PRESIDENT, Robert Jaffray, '73 S., 58 West 46th st., New York City.
I SECRETARY, Frederick Dwight, '94, 52 William st., New York City.

BOSTON, YALE CLUB OF

Samuel James Elder, '73, Pemberton Bldg., Boston.

Hon. George Augustus Sanderson, '85, Ayer, Mass.
BRISTOL, YALE CLUB OF

George Clifford Clark, '93 S., Terryville, Conn.
BUFFALO, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Stephen Merrill Clement, '82, Marine National Bank, Buffalo.
CENTRAL NEW YORK FEDERATION (Auburn, Syracuse, and Utica)

Hon. Irving Goodwin Vann, '63, 316 James st., Syracuse.
CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Benjamin Matthias Nead, '70, Russ Bldg., Harrisburg.
CHICAGO, YALE CLUB OF

Edward Johnson Phelps, '86, 50 South LaSalle st., Chicago.

Irwin Rew, '89 S., 108 South LaSalle st., Chicago.
CINCINNATI, YALE CLUB OF

Harley James Morrison, '87 S., Clifton, Cincinnati.

Walter Alden DeCamp, '90, Traction Bldg., Cincinnati.
CLEVELAND, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Edward Belden Greene, '00, Cleveland Trust Co., 1 Euclid av.,
Cleveland.

f Alumni Associations with a membership of 100 or more Yale graduates are
represented on the Alumni Advisory Board. There are in all 70 formal Yale
Alumni Associations or Clubs, including in their territory the principal cities
of this and several foreign countries.

ALUMNI AI^S^^BO^MJ/-: 97

JLORADO YALE ASSOCIATION

Henry Treat Rogers, '66, Foster Bldg., Denver.

James Dudley Skinner, '94 S., 909 Pearl st., Denver.
ESSEX COUNTY (N. S.), YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Hendon Chubb, '95 S., 5 South William st., New York City.
FAIRFIELD COUNTY (CONN.), YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Frederick Smillie Curtis, '69 S., Brookfield Center, Conn.

Hon. John Hoyt Perry, '70, Southport, Conn.
HARTFORD, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

William Herbert Corbin, '89, 172 Collins st., Hartford.

Robert Watkinson Huntington, Jr., '89, Connecticut General Life

Insurance Company, Hartford.
INDIANA, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

John Orlando Perrin, '79, American National Bank, Indianapolis.
KANSAS CITY, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

John Venable Hanna, '85 S., 23d st. and Grand av., Kansas City.

James Perkins Richardson, '91, Anderson, Mo.
KENTUCKY, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Arthur Dwight Allen, '01, care Fidelity Trust Co., Louisville.
LONG ISLAND, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Hon. William Bates Davenport, '67, 189 Montague st., Brooklyn,

ST. Y.
LOUISIANA, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Bernard Titche, '82, Hennen Annex, New Orleans.
MARYLAND, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Albert Henry Buck, '94, The Arundel Apartments, Baltimore.
MERIDEN, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Frank Elbert Sands, '85 S., 27 East Main st., Meriden.
MICHIGAN YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION

Henry Ledyard, '97, 579 Jefferson av., Detroit.
NEBRASKA YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION

Victor Bush Caldwell, '87, U. S. National Bank, Omaha.
NEW HAVEN, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Frank Lewis Bigelow, '81 S., 205 Whitney av., New Haven.

David Daggett, '79, 100 Crown st., New Haven.
NEW LONDON COUNTY (CONN.), YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

George Smith Palmer, '78, New London.
NEW YORK CITY, YALE CLUB OF

Thomas Thacher, '71, 62 Cedar st., New York City.

Frederick William Vanderbilt, '76 S., 459 Fifth av., New York

City.
NORTHEASTERN NEW YORK, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

John Kasson Howe, '71, 51 State st., Albany.

98 ^1 A TALE

NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA AND WYOMING VALLEY, YALE ALUMNI
ASSOCIATION OF

Hon. Joseph Benjamin Dimmick, '81, Scranton.

NORTHWEST (Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana,
and part of Washington), YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE

Wilbur Franklin Booth, '84, 69 South llth st., Minneapolis.

John Kaymond Mitchell, '89 S., Capitol National Bank Bldg., St.

Paul.
PHILADELPHIA, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Thomas DeWitt Cuyler, '74, Arcade Bldg., Philadelphia.

Noah Haynes Swayne, 2d, '93, Pennsylvania Bldg., Philadelphia.
PITTSBURGH, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Edwin Whittier Smith, '78, Carnegie Bldg., Pittsburgh.
RHODE ISLAND, YALE ASSOCIATION OF

William Lansing Hodgman, '76, 66 South Main st., Providence.
SOUTHEASTERN FEDERATION OF YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONS (Tennessee,
Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Savannah)

William Josiah Tilson, '94, Atlanta National Bank Bldg., Atlanta.
SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

William Lamed Thacher, '87, Thacher School, Nordhoff.
ST. Louis, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Edward Hidden, '85, St. Louis Club, St. Louis.

Thomas Henry West, Jr., '96 S., 401 Locust st., St. Louis.
WASHINGTON, D. C., YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

George Xavier McLanahan, '96, Union Trust Bldg., Washington.

James Herron Hopkins, Jr., '04, 1324 18th st., Washington.
WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

Jonathan Barnes, '85, 423 Main st., Springfield.
WISCONSIN, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF

James Greeley Flanders, '67, 161 Prospect st., Milwaukee.

THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE
STAMPED BELOW

AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS

WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN
THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY
WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH
DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY
OVERDUE.

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UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY