LD 633? UC-NRLP LIFE AT YALE PUBLISHED BY THE ALTTMXI ADVISORY BOARD OF YALE UNIVERSITY GIFT OF LIFE AT YALE A CORNER OF THE OLD COLLEGE CAMPUS LIFE AT YALE Prepared and published ill compliance with a vote of the Alumni Advisory Board of Yale University directing "that the Alumni Advisory Board prepare a pamphlet on Yale dealing with the Uni- versity and with the various phases of Yale life"; the committee appointed to take charge of this work consisting of Messrs. Edward Hidden, '85, of St. Louis, Mo., Chairman; Robert Watkin- son Huntington, Jr., '89, of Hartford, Conn.; Walter Alden DeCamp, '90, of Cincinnati, Ohio. EDITED BY EDWIN ROGERS EMBREE, '06, ALUMNI REGISTRAR PRINTED BY YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS 1912 GIFT CONTENTS PAGE Yale Ideals, by President Hadley 5 What the Freshman Finds at Yale 9 Life at Yale College 15 Life at Sheffield Scientific School 27 Undergraduate Activities 36 Religious Life at Yale 50 Working One's Way 53 Graduate Interest and Organization 57 The Yale Man's New Haven 69 Sketch of the History of Yale 77 Information Facts and Figures Relating Particularly to the Undergraduate Departments Entrance Requirements 83 Courses of Study 85 The University Calendar 85 Expenses 86 Facilities for Self Help 86 University Privileges The University Church 89 Concerts, Lectures, Collections, etc 89 Libraries 90 Laboratories 91 The Infirmary 92 General Club Life 92 Athletic Facilities 92 The Yale Corporation 95 The Alumni Advisory Board 97 Yale University outline of organization (inside back cover) Many of the illustrations in this booklet are reproduced through the courtesy of the Yale Alumni Weekly. 456687 S OD PH s h g g S 1 ** w2 ^ a l c l H > S w s a H o -+J* 3 'Pn'rt H aii w o 2 = S "^ rrH O o a ^> *S v YALE IDEALS By ARTHUR TWINTXG HADLEY President of Yale University What are the things that Yale stands for ? First and foremost, in common with every other college and uni- versity worthy of the name, Yale stands for the pursuit of truth. No school or group of schools, however brilliant, would deserve to be called a university if it simply taught its students how to earn as large fees as possible in their several callings. It must inspire them with a higher ideal and a deeper motive. It must make them crave to see things as they really are and to do things as they really ought to be done; to make truth and right the objects of a man's effort, instead of subordinating them to the pursuit of money, pleasure, or power. These are the ideas which underlie all good college teaching, in science and in history, in poetry and in philosophy, in morals and in religion. Yale also, in common with other universities, stands for breadth of culture ; for a wide view of life and of what life means. The man who goes to college has the leisure to know many kinds of men and to study many kinds of things. If he uses this leisure badly it results in mere dissipation, physical or mental as the case may be. But if he uses it rightly and in our American colleges the great majority of students are helped to use it rightly it means culture. Culture is essentially a power to enjoy the best things in life on as many different lines as possible, instead of confining our interests to a narrow range of things which are immediately before our eyes. Some of this power of enjoyment is learned in the class- room itself. Some is learned by independent reading and thinking. Some is learned by personal contact and conversation with instruc- tors and with fellow students. Some often a very large part is learned in connection with the social and athletic activities of the student body. Any of these activities, when pursued in an honorable spirit, increases a boy's range of appreciation and enjoyment and tends to make him a broader man and a more cultivated gentleman. Finally, Yale stands for training in citizenship. It aims to pre- pare its students to be members of our American democracy. To 6 ^ LIFE. AT YALE a greater or less degree every college does this. Every man is a better citizen if tie has learned to love the truth and to broaden his points of contact with life as a whole. But men may pursue the truth either separately or shoulder to shoulder with their fellows. Culture may be sought either by the individual for himself alone, or by the citizen for himself and those about him. Yale encourages a man to choose the second of these alternatives to do his thinking as a member of a community rather than as an isolated individual. This is the most distinct, if not the most important, lesson which Yale teaches her students. From the day when a boy comes to Yale as a freshman, he is made to feel that he belongs to a closely knit commonwealth. He enters into a heritage of traditions and sentiments common to the students as a whole. He finds himself face to face with a body of public opinion which he is given his share in moulding and to which he is expected to conform as far as his conscience and his abilities will permit him. This force of tradition and opinion is what governs Yale; and in the main it does its work well. It insists on clean living. It frowns on drunkenness ; it condemns sex- ual dissipation unequivocally. There is no place where a boy with right instincts, going out into the world to enjoy his freedom, gets more help from public sentiment than he does at Yale. It is also unequivocal in condemning shams of every kind. It encourages the student to try to value men and things for what they are rather than for what they advertise themselves to be. Of course it does not always succeed in getting a true scale of values. Some things look large to the student body which look small in after life. Some things are judged under the influence of momentary waves of emo- tion, which might be judged differently if the verdict were more deliberate. But on the whole the standard is democratic and manly, and in the majority of instances essentially right. The boy also finds himself encouraged in every way to put his talents at the service of the community. Is there something that he can do with his brains or his voice or his hands or his feet? Let him measure himself against others and show who can serve the community best. By such competition will he get a proper sense and proper rating of his own power ; by such competition will the community get the leaders it wants to take charge of the things that it wants done. Here again the judgment of the student body is YALE IDEALS 7 far from perfect. It does not always reward most highly the things that are best worth doing. Its tests of power are not always as broad or as wise as those that maturer men might apply. But such as the competition is, it is fairly conducted more fairly than in almost any other community. Nor does Yale confine its apprecia- tion to the man who has succeeded. To him who comes out first it gives the prize. To him who has tried and fallen short it gives honorable recognition and encouragement to try again. It condemns none except the man who was too lazy or too self-centered to try at all. These, then, are the things for which Yale stands: The pursuit of truth as an ideal, the development of breadth of understanding, and the training for citizenship which results from fair competition and government by public opinion. CONNECTICUT HALL, THE OLD DORMITORY ERECTED IN 1750, SEEN THROUGH THE CLASS OF 1896 MEMORIAL GATEWAY T3 QJ S ^ II O & m it i T CO !H rs ' s *3* O> O> S 3 f ? S o g ^ ^ 5 s 02 1 I 91 O> S 2 ' c M 1: CD -4J !l :5 QJ J be -g ^ t s S o oT ~ 1, f==H 2 03 H 2 fi J O w lr- - I 4 -H 43 X ' bo S 3 & S aS > C g .-S S C co ^J a> a> -M pu^ fl O 4_ M -4J O 4^-5 S -J3 T3 U -8 a |S S, 2 a 5 75 co as! .all a,=9 O -I C5-3 P"! DQ ^ .2 IB! o I "i PH ^ S o ^ g fe 2 T3 O o 2 g|j S ^ 2 O! O2 II| T3 "*" 033 42 S d + ^ 1 c a? $3 5 i-2 o ^^ rv **H 03 o> S &|s )! s a 'o 8 .2 2 o t: 43 o H 43 + O 3 g " a s -a - WHAT THE FKESHMAN FINDS AT YALE An entering Class at Yale comes to New Haven from the four quarters of the globe. Men from Texas and Pennsylvania arrive on the same train. They meet at the station a group from Illinois, another from Hartford and another from Seattle, Wash. ; while already in the city, perspiring over last examinations, are planters' sons from the South, farmers' from the West, and bankers', teachers' and merchants' sons from Louisville, Cincinnati and Denver. A smaller number are from Honolulu, China, Japan, and the countries of Europe. High schools in almost every important city in the country are represented, while groups from the large preparatory schools of the East and of the West form ever widening circles of acquaintance. The men of the entering classes, the Freshmen, meet first on the crowded before-term trains, which come laboring up from New York or down from the North and East. For three days, early in the week before the fall term starts, these groups of singing, chatting upperclassmen and eager, half shy Freshmen pour into New Haven. Swinging hand bags, hat boxes and mandolin cases, they wander in groups up through the city streets to search out their college rooms and to happen upon acquaintances old and new. These nights just before the term opens are times of uncertainty for the Freshmen. Their peace of mind is often disturbed by the last entrance examinations. Their studies and even their slumbers are disturbed by visits from good-natured but not always desired groups of Sophomores. On Wednesday night late in September, the night before the term opens, the Freshmen in the college first mass together, first come to feel themselves a unit, a Class. In the fan- tastic torchlight procession through the city streets, ending in the Freshman-Sophomore wrestling bouts on the Campus, these three or four hundred oddly assorted men, who make a Yale Class, are welded together. In the weird, winding snake dance and march through the streets, the men stammer through the "Brek-ek-ek-ex coax coax" Greek cheer, and sing the Yale marching songs. They grip one another's shoulders. They are a Class ! From that time on, the members think of themselves first not as Californians or lumbermen's 10 LIFE AT YALE sons, but as Yale men, and Yale men of a particular Class. In the Sheffield Scientific School this welding process of the entering Class takes place on the following Saturday, when the parti-colored cos- tumes of the Seniors, leading the procession, add to the picturesque- ness of the event. The Freshmen quickly settle into their scholarly work. This is the work for which essentially they came to college and which forms the foundation for all other phases of college work and play. Soon they become aware of other fields of work, numberless competitions, all about them. In a mass meeting they are told, though they know it themselves, of the manifold activities which go to make up life at Yale. Before the first year is a week old, the greetings of Freshmen become : "What are you out for ?" Many are on the athletic fields playing football, baseball, tennis, or on the track, competing for places on Class and later University teams. Others are darting hither and AT THE CLOSE OF MORNING CHAPEL Attendance at daily chapel is required of undergraduates in the College. Attendance at Sunday chapel or service in a city church is also required of the men in College and optional for members of other departments of the University. Eminent clergymen of various denominations preach at the Sunday services, which are once a month transferred from the chapel to the large University Auditorium to accommodate attendants from the entire University. A STUDENT'S ROOM IN CONNECTICUT HALL This room has been occupied by succeeding generations of undergraduates for one hundred and sixty-two years. Its occupants have included Theodore Dwight Woolsey, Yale Class of 1820, a former president of the University, and James Kent, Yale Class of 1781, Chief Justice and Chancellor of New York. thither about the Campus walks and city streets on rumbling bicycles, pursuing items in their competition for the Daily News. Awkward banjo and mandolin cases encompass those who are playing on the musical clubs. Some are trying for dramatic honors, for literary acceptance in the college periodicals, for debating teams. Everyone is trying for something. Within a week the new Class has started that campaign for achievement and honor in Yale life, that campaign which in the college does not relax one jot or one tittle until the approach of Senior year, three years later, when, resting after honors won or honestly striven for and missed, the Class settles back for a quiet year of companionship after three years of competition. And yet this many-sided activity forms but the surface of the col- lege work, conspicuous because on the surface. At the foundation of every boy's work at Yale is the rigid necessity for study, and usually, too, the fixed purpose and real desire to study. The desire for study, the pursuit of truth, is the reason for the existence of this, as of 12 LIFE AT YALE any real college or university, and few indeed are the enrolled stu- dents at Yale who lose sight of the real purpose for which they have come to college. The subjects and fields of study determine the departments of the University in which the entering men enroll themselves. Some four hundred of the new-coming men enter the College, historic ances- tor of the entire University, now but one of its many departments. An equal number form the entering Class of the Sheffield Scientific School, known to Yale as "Sheff." Smaller numbers each year, having completed preliminary college work at Yale or elsewhere, enter the professional schools of Theology, Medicine, and Law, the Graduate School and Forest School, or the Schools of Music and the Fine Arts. A total of about four hundred new members enter these schools each year, coming for further study from more than one hundred and seventy-five colleges and universities of this and foreign countries. It is of the life in the two undergraduate departments, the College and "Sheff," that this booklet particularly concerns itself. Of this undergraduate life at Yale one dominant characteristic may well be emphasized before the individual phases are considered. Yale has many features of life. Some are quite similar to those at other colleges. In some features she is stronger, in some possibly not so strong as other institutions. In some departments of teach- ing and in some fields of research she is the most eminent of all the universities. In some other fields of study her reputation may not yet be the most resplendent. In one characteristic, however, Yale men feel their University is without a peer. That characteristic is the dominance in the undergraduate life of the warm, hearty, sane feeling of comradeship in effort, the vigorous determination to accom- plish something for the common good ; the clean endeavor, in the light of two hundred years of favoring tradition, to work together with common industry for a common goal the thing which in a word we call Yale Spirit. It is this spirit that sets the tone of under- graduate life at Yale. And the tone that it sets is cleanness of life, diligence of endeavor in study or play, impatience of sham, quick appreciation of ability or effort, and lasting belief in the ulti- mate good of common work in pursuit of a common goal. It is this spirit that makes the competition in the multiform activities of under- graduate life at Yale so keen, so all pervading; that characterizes Yale life by that compelling power called team play. It is this THE UNDERGRADUATE SPRING FESTIVAL OF OMEGA LAMBDA CHI This celebration is in historic continuance of a legendary society custom. The Seniors, many of them clad in spectacular costume, engage in sports during the May afternoon and preside over the time-honored tug-of-war between the Sopho- more and Freshman Classes. spirit, too, that dominates the intellectual life of the undergraduate. The class room, the Fence, the athletic field, all are characterized by this feeling of comradeship in industry, this Yale Spirit. It is this spirit that the Freshman feels first as he swings into step in the torchlight procession on the first night of his first year, as he is bumped and jostled and borne along on the shoulders and in the open arms of his fellows. It is this spirit that carries him through his years at Yale ; years in which he measures himself against his fel- lows in keenest competition for honors and responsibilities, and yet feels himself all the time borne aloft by the assurance of their hearty and united support. It is this spirit that at the end of the college course makes the man feel that he has not completed his association with these classmates, but has simply started a new phase of his Yale life ; that makes the graduate sing at reunion gatherings throughout 14 LIFE AT YALE the world in a voice growing more and more mellow with maturity and feeling : Bright college years, with pleasure rife, The shortest, gladdest years of life, How swiftly are ye gliding by ! Oh, why doth time so quickly fly ! The seasons come, the seasons go, The earth is green, or white with snow, But time and change shall naught avail To break the friendship formed at Yale. In after years, should troubles rise To cloud the blue of sunny skies, How bright will seem, thro' memory's haze, The happy, golden, bygone days ! Oh, let us strive that ever we May let these words our watch-cry be, Where'er upon life's sea we sail, "For God, for Country, and for Yale !" GROUPS OF GRADUATES RETURNED TO THE CAMPUS FOR COMMENCEMENT WEEK REUNIONS A VIEW OF THE CAMPUS DORMITORIES AT NIGHT LIFE AT YALE COLLEGE In an annual publication called the Banner, a register of all the organizations at Yale, the intelligent reader, anxious to discover if there is any end to their number, will find the last picture in the volume to be the honorable group of football cheer-leaders. To the incoming Freshman this last shall be first. Their control of an otherwise spontaneous emotion on the bleachers in the fall games may be the first to suggest to him that an institution of age and respectability likes to order things in its own way. This order is not of the Faculty or powers above; far from it. It is the self- ordained task of the undergraduate to see that established traditions of the place are maintained in matters which come within his prov- ince. Otherwise things become ineffective, and he is dissatisfied O H 1 2 II i** O S 3 Q ^ E^* ^ fi -S O S H ^ w l-g H , o 02 ,Q I* S bfl ill M & 'I H * W ^ < H if c ll THE COLLEGE 17 because in the absence of accepted customs a college crowd degener- ates into a mob and college customs lose their distinction. Beyond a little teasing in the open, which has replaced the ancient practice of hazing, the Freshman gets small attention from any students out- side of his Class. He has his room assigned in one of the dormito- ries, either on York Street or the old Campus, allotted to Freshmen, and learns that the great majority of college men live like him in A DORMITORY ENTRY GIST AN AFTERNOON IN SPRING The large quadrangle of the Old Campus is surrounded in great part by dormitories. These and the dormitories on an adjacent square furnish rooming quarters for over one thousand men, five-sixths of the undergraduate body of the College. This common life on the College Campus plays no small part in making for solidarity in Yale life. comfortable buildings on one of two adjoining quadrangles. The Campus, so-called, contains also the Library, Chapel, Art School and lecture rooms, in all of which he may be more or less concerned, but of the many University buildings which stretch for more than half a mile beyond these quadrangles, he will take little heed excepting of the Dining Hall one of the finest interiors of its kind in America where he will get his meals. The Gymnasium and several laboratories closely adjacent give an academic air to the neighbor- hood, though their architecture does not harmonize as successfully as it ought to with the dormitory groups. On the whole, though 18 LIFE AT YALE in the midst of a considerable city, there is a detachment in the University life which renders it a thing by itself to the student more so, perhaps, to-day than in the days when more than half the college boarded about the town. But one remains now of the row of factory-like, brick buildings which used to face the City Green from the middle of the Campus. This was erected a few years before the outbreak of the French-Indian War, and is willingly preserved because of its respectable antiquity; the others have been removed to leave free the space of a double city block, around the edge of which are grouped the halls that constitute the most effective college quadrangle in the country. Into this world of his own the Freshman is allowed to find his way or make his place with scant courtesy, indeed, but with fewer SENIOR CLASS DAY Two days before graduation the Seniors meet in academic caps and gowns and rehearse the achievements of their college course and sing familiar college songs before their families and friends, guests of the afternoon. Following this celebration the Class marches to plant the Class ivy and sing in dedication an "Ivy Ode" written in Latin by a member of the Class. 5 .si 1* si o ,0 3 5 O2 oj C oS H Si 3 B" M 3 O> r^^ h) fr-* K i"l 2 If O o3 8 S i* PH S3 P^ -3 r^ CO ^ .2 8 | W3 O) 5 2 I " fi e ^ ^ ^ tuo = 1 1-3 OB E -s I P oo S ^> .2 *s -a s I si *S OQ 1:1 -^ bo * 2^0) 1 5 bfl ^g S -i -2 be 84 s P< Q "s -c a 03 > 2 C3 H * S O M PH 2 .2 c ^ CS D PH " 1 W -I O 1 s - s is Q^ 1^3 " o r rS ^ "*^ w 6 "i -g 2! s M 00- ffl Isi 32 ,3 j rt C PH H !5 *s | IjU 3 &1-S 02 ^ j3 W - H IU * 8|J i: : i ,> M . ^fl 1 2 1 fl 3 :s ^ ^ THE COLLEGE 21 risks of being taken up and played upon by older men than is the case in most large institutions. Outside of the normal influences of the curriculum, athletics, spiritual interests and college journal- ism which are explained elsewhere the new-comer soon feels the reaction of that sense of partnership in a great family to whose inherited traditions of conduct he is expected to conform. He is allowed to find himself before he is subjected to any risks of dis- covery by upperclassmen, and the experience is often accounted the most interesting and surprising in the careers of many who recall it in subsequent years. There are no officers elected in any class. The members of a Senior Council of seven, whose supervision of Campus affairs is admirably effective, are not class officials in any sense. It 'is only upon graduation that a Secretary is elected to keep track of a Class and publish its annals in after life. The outside world conceives of the social life at Yale as a micro- cosm seething with hopes and fears inspired by its secret societies. Their influence upon the undergraduate community is important and, in some respects, peculiar to this institution, but their importance and peculiarities are greatly exaggerated. The Freshman is aware of little due to the societies that affects his life ; the visitor who has seen other colleges in America is not likely to detect with unaided vision any physical evidences that differentiate Yale from the rest. In the fall, when the so-called Junior fraternities initiate their first candidates from the Sophomore Class, the Campus gleams for an hour with the penetrating shafts of their great searchlights carried at the head of costumed processions sonorous with ritual songs as they pass upon their errands to one and another of the dormitories. After midnight the members of the three Senior societies march in silence from their conclaves, once a week, to Yanderbilt Hall. This and the elections, silently conferred on a May afternoon in the open Campus, are all the outside world sees or knows of their existence. ~No badges are worn that can be seen ; nor, with the exception of a recent custom which bedecks members of the Junior fraternities with carnations in their buttonholes when an initiation is impending, do the societies obtrude upon the senses of anyone living at Yale. The democracy of the undergraduate world has evolved this sup- pression of manifest signs of social hierarchy by a process all its own. Forty years ago, when there were secret societies for each 22 LIFE AT YALE class in College, every member wore his pin upon his necktie. Less than thirty years ago those of the lower classes were for the most part exposed more modestly upon the waistcoats of their owners, though Seniors preserved the old custom longer. Within the past decade the last of the Senior societies to maintain the ancient promi- nence of its pin has followed the prevailing custom. The notion obtains abroad that with the increasing number of undergraduates the proportion of "society men" in college steadily decreases. The reverse is true. Leaving out the Freshman societies abolished in 1880 which any Freshman could join for the asking, only sixty- two per cent, of the class graduating a generation ago belonged to any society, while the average at present is seventy-five per cent. So far as these organizations reflect undergraduate sentiment it would appear that they parade less and admit more now than formerly. The secret societies have sins enough to answer for in the estima- tion of many critics of American colleges ; but, in view of the fact that men everywhere are bound to combine in groups for interest or pleasure, their influence at Yale has been rather wholesome than otherwise. Their standards are necessarily high, for the moment one is suspected of maintaining lower ideals than the rest it is shunned by all desirable candidates. Moreover, their graduate mem- bers take them rather more seriously than is generally supposed, and they are apt to return to reunions preaching a loftier morality than they themselves ever lived up to when young. If their calls to righteousness are ignored by the active members they withdraw their moral support, and when this is removed the Society soon flags and presents itself to the Faculty as a septic growth upon the body poli- tic in need of surgical treatment. The secrecy of all these organiza- tions is preserved chiefly as a convenient means of protection from badinage ; there are no occult purposes to propagate in any of them, but long usage has made it a rudeness in college for any but his intimates to discuss a society in the presence of a member. In this way their privacy is maintained, just as people of refinement keep their family affairs private by refusing to countenance any discus- sion of them among chance acquaintances. There are five fraternities, each of which admits twenty Sopho- mores in November. The group in each class is increased by occa- sional elections until the delegation of the graduating class numbers about forty. Though always referred to as Junior fraternities, they THE COLLEGE 23 regularly include active members from three classes at a time. In Senior year three societies elect fifteen men each, and one non-secret Club the Elihu about the same number. Considerable prestige attends membership in any of these groups. Their selection is at least so cautiously considered as always to include the few very best men in a class, and seldom any who are obviously unworthy. Conse- quently the honor of membership is a prize sought by every honestly ambitious boy in college. The influence of this competition, while it tends to suppress originality in individuals, strengthens the soli- darity of the college and insists upon high standards of decency and honor in the type of man it produces. Besides these strictly academic associations all of them legally incorporated and possessing buildings of their own three Greek letter societies include in their membership students from all depart- ments of the University. The eminent band of Phi Beta Kappa, con- sisting exclusively of the twenty-five or thirty ranking men of a class, exerts no social influence whatever, but its prestige is great, and its annual banquet, which brings together graduate members and distin- guished speakers from abroad, is perhaps the most notable function of SENIORS OF A LATE SPRING AFTERNOON IN THE SENIOR COURT 24 LIFE AT YALE its kind in the college year. The Elizabethan Club, possessing a con- venient house and the most remarkable collection of first editions of Shakespeare in America, chooses its members from the upper classes of both undergraduate departments as they display a genuine interest in literature. This club, being endowed, is unique in making no pecuniary demands upon its members, while it stands by itself also in bringing undergraduates into intimate contact with graduates who frequent it, and in admitting the introduction of friends as visitors. A chapter of the Cosmopolitan Club, which exists in all the larger American universities, is composed of foreign students of all nation- alities and native Americans whose interests are sufficiently catholic to find profit in meeting with them once a month. !N"o Academic organization has its members living or eating together as such. Other groups and brotherhoods there are, too numerous indeed to mention. Places in the musical and dramatic clubs are particularly sought after because of the vacation trips which they afford. Some of the plays presented by the Dramatic Associa- tion equal the best performances by amateurs anywhere. The social festival of the winter, known as the Junior Prome- nade Concert, is per- haps the most notable recurring function of the sort given in the United States. De- scended from the old "Wooden Spoon" festival, it has now become the climax of three days of festiv- ity, including a play, ON THE "SENIOR FENCE" a concert, a round of THE COLLEGE 25 club teas and a ball. Intellectual work, outside of the curriculum and competitions for various scholastic prizes, is fostered by debates in the Yale and Freshman unions and in less formal clubs, the best representatives of which win places on the intercollegiate debating teams. Dwight Hall, a center of the religious interests of college life, promotes not only its own series of meetings and Bible classes but three Sunday schools in the purlieus of the town and two regularly appointed houses for rescue work and uplift in the slums. A college in the center of China, with about a hundred students and a hospital, is wholly manned by Yale graduates and maintained by subscriptions from Yale students and alumni. The Catholic, Berke- ley (Episcopalian), Jonathan Edwards and Hebraic clubs indicate varieties of religious belief that find corporate expression in occa- sional meetings, but less is heard of such matters than of the harmless eccentricities of the "Pundits" or "Kop- per Kettle," or ephemeral coteries like the Whiffen- poofs, the Hogans, and Mohicans. Old graduates ob- serve that social life at Yale is much less strident and emotional than it was in the old days. Much of this is due to the tem- per of the times, but more comes from the settled policy of the Eaculty to let stu- dents manage their own affairs so far they can prop- as erly do so. There are no indications now of the ancient VANDERBILT HALL, A SEXIOR DORMITORY 26 LIFE AT YALE antagonism between teachers and taught which used to break out in the wanton mutilation of college property, midnight bonfires or the "burial of Euclid" a ceremony that consigned a distasteful text- book to a formal interment in the woods. Rather oddly, the only survival of this sort of function is a campus procession with costumes and dancing, in the spring, celebrating "Omega Lambda Chi," a mock initiation, shared by all the classes, into a society that never existed; it is a parody, therefore, on the secret societies cordially conducted by the society men themselves. Nothing remains now of the furious antagonism between town and gown, which used to show itself in petty pranks along the city streets, in breaking street lamps, stealing signs, and once sixty years ago in a famous assault with fire arms upon a fire-engine house and the siege in return by the firemen of one of the college dormitories. The college world used to perch in its leisure hours upon the rails of a wooden fence facing the main street of the town. When this was replaced by buildings a fence of similar construction was erected between the drive and the grass-plot on the Campus, and here (in fair weather) the undergradu- ates are apt to assemble upon portions assigned by unwritten law to each class. Freshmen are not included in this assignment, but they make what, in the language of international politics, might be called a "demonstration" when, on Washington's Birthday, they rush for it in a body and are withstood by the Sophomore Class. It is a harmless performance, supervised by the football captain, but it is cherished as a custom commemorating an old-time snow-ball fight between these two classes when the Freshmen on that holiday first ventured out in top-hats and canes. The consecrated section of the fence is handed over by Sophomores to the Freshmen in June with speeches from spokesmen in each class sometimes really witty and always received with appreciation. A pleasant custom sanctions an. informal game of baseball (with a soft ball) which may be played by Seniors only on a certain corner of the Campus. No college com- munity in the country cares more for its traditions than the little world of Yale, and in none is the sense of solidarity and the spirit of devotion to accepted ideals more sedulously cultivated. F. W. WILLIAMS, Class of 1879. A SHEFFIELD CAMPUS DORMITORY LIFE AT SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL When I went to Sheff I thought that I had done no more than enter a department of a great institution. I thought that I told the whole truth when I said to the family minister, or some other formal person, I am in the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. I did not realize for many years that Sheff is much more than a sec- tion of a university that it is really a way of thinking about things, a point of view. At first it is "Sheff-town" that catches your attention. I did not get at the thing which gives Sheff its peculiar and particular char- 28 LIFE AT YALE acter until long after graduation, but the curiously definite geography of the place strikes you at once. "Sheff-town" is a little country, with clear boundaries and well-marked provinces within it. Wall Street bounds it on the south, a narrow, friendly street with boys incessantly hanging out of the windows up and down the whole length. At one end is the white quadrangle of Vanderbilt-Scientific with its pleasant archways, oriels full of cushions, and a ball game per- petually on beneath them. At the other the Ereshman lodging MASON MECHANICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY New, thoroughly equipped, laboratories in mechanical engineering and in mining and metallurgy have recently strengthened the engineering equipment of the Sheffield Scientific School. houses thicken towards the friendly, stranger territories of "Aca- demic." And across the midst cuts "Grub Street/ 7 the broad ave- nue to Commons. On the east of "Sheff-town" is Temple Street with the ancient Ereshman Row, that before they burnt the bridge once too often (the tale awaits you in "New Haven) was a famous haunt of studentry. To the north are the pleasant places of the city opening through the beautiful Hillhouse Avenue to Sachem Woods with its vast laboratories. To the west is the old cemetery, rest- ing place of memorable dead, the pavement round its wall a favorite running-track for us when brains were muddy on winter afternoons. SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL 29 Just opposite is a row of grim buildings, ugly enough ; but here the Scientific School began. And all within is Sheff. When that ridiculous tower of South Sheffield Hall, with its bat- tered top-hat of an observatory pulled down over its ears, sends out its bell-strokes for the first eight o'clock of the year, and all Sheff begins to stream from Commons, Byers Hall, Wall Street, and the dormitories, I never fail to remember how I first panted under it to the big assembly room to see my class. Such an incoherent, dis- A Row OF SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL LABORATORIES unified, mongrel assortment of boys as Sheff draws together for a Freshman Class ! Spruce, self-contained fellows from the big prep, schools, who look over their neighbors keenly, and know just how much or how little to say to a new acquaintance; unlicked, tousled- headed boys from the farm, a fine, fresh light in their eyes, and voices loud from shyness; white-faced sons of hard-working families, who down on Oak Street, or along the water front, are sacrificing every- thing to give Johnny or Frankie a chance ; E~ew Yorkers, just a little supercilious (they get over it) ; Westerners, with a chip on their shoulders because they think the East won't like them ; Southerners, who seem to know everyone; and here and there a Chinese, or an Armenian, or a Jap, who stares at the tumult with inscrutable eyes. When you look back on it you wonder how all that was to be licked into shape, was to be made a body with some ideals and more ideas in common. And yet, this was done, and quickly. It was Junior year 30 LIFE AT YALE before we learned, all of us, to dress just alike, a very important thing in college, as all the New Haven tailors and haberdashers testify by the pains they take to circulate one kind of cap, one kind of tie, and one cut of clothing. But long before that this composite assort- ment of diverse units became a Class. "The Sheff Bush" swept us in a marching, singing mob through fireworks, band music, and cheers into a consciousness that the man who gripped left sleeve and he who hung to right shoulder in the snake-dance were somehow or another to keep moving on and hanging on to us for years, perhaps for life. Then in we were tumbled, the lot of us, into classrooms, shaken up, pounded down, rubbed, polished off (and some of us finished), in a common tussle with Physics, Biology, English, and Mathematics, until slow brains began to move along the same logical processes. Ambition to be something in Yale life seized us. Football, Crew, Glee Club, the News, what difference did it make ; the impulse (vir- tue and fault, but greater virtue than fault of Yale) to do something in the college world gave a fellow-feeling. "What are you out for ?" was a commonplace of chance meetings in Byers Hall or College Street. Then suddenly we became painfully conscious of the upper- classmen. The societies (we hardly dared whisper their sacred names) were busy selecting. Lightning was striking here and there. Groups formed and reformed. New brothers, chosen by this fra- ternity or that, began to gather in preparation for next year, when they were to become housemates in one of the society dormitories. The disappointed, and the independent, drew together in little cote- ries where friendship was the sufficient bond. Some pangs there were : not even the Twelve Apostles were chosen without heart-burn- ings, and our societies are as human, and as fallible, as they are well-meaning. By Easter we were indubitable Sheff men; but we did not know what that term meant. Now Sheff, like all colleges, is imperfect; its educational system is imperfect, its teachers are imperfect, and its college life is imper- fect the perfect college is still in the future, and threatens to stay there. Nevertheless, Sheff has some remarkably good qualities, and they have been good for so long that they are likely to stay good. As I look back over the college life of Sheff, as I have known it, the best, I am not sure that it is not the quality of all, for everything seems to explain, and be explained by it, is well, I shall have to use a figure to make my meaning clear, for nothing is so hard to SHEFFIELD SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL 31 describe as the subtle conditions and subtler influences which make college life. Imagine a kaleidoscope (the figure is old, but useful) full of bits of glass of all shapes and colors. Let this stand for our Freshman class. Now give it a dozen twists; and if you look through each time you will see a design in which every bit of glass seems to find some good relation to other bits, so that a harmonious pattern is made of many harmonious groups, all of which touch or intersect. That mouse-colored fragment which glows in its own octagon is part of another figure. This big, purple fellow that catches the light at the point of a hexagon, is in the background of that circle too. Well, that is Sheff, as it should be, and as, to a rather remarkable extent, it is. For the whole system of its college life is based upon groups of friends or associates, upon circles that touch and inter- sect, until each boy has his place in many groups beside that which is particularly his own. A WINTER MOENING ON THE SHEFFIELD CAMPUS 32 LIFE AT YALE When I went to Sheff the circles began to form before the entrance examinations were over. At first it was just prep, school associates that got together, and joined to themselves summer acquaintances, and the sons of father's friends. But the new life quickly reasserted us into new unities. It was the "eating-joint" first, a room full of talk and rattling dishes, or a Commons table with soup canting eerily over your head ; but to either place came new boys that found a common interest in each other's society or the quality of the "grub." New circles formed that did not break the old. Two of your men were in the "football crowd" ; your roommate consorted at odd hours with Academic friends; there were the fellows you studied with in Byers Hall, the big student club, open to everyone ; last there was your division, souls that toiled, and wrought, and thought with you, joined by a common share in a section of the alpha- bet, equal lessons, and a personal knowledge of your disastrous flunks. The "joint" broke up; the friendships remained; but you were whirled by another twist of the kaleidoscope into another circle, more lasting this time. It was spring. The fraternities had made their choices. Either you were joined to a group who next year and for the rest of their Sheff experience would share a house in common, and support the prestige of an ancient society; or you became one of a "crowd" of friends who tacitly agreed to stick together in some corner of a dormitory while college life was to them. Fresh- man year ended. The Class was divided into coteries, into circles, subtly interrelated; but it was left for the Sheff educational system to complete the plan. At Sheff, the Freshman year in this system is a common appli- cation for all of very much the same kind of educational medicine. When you are well dosed, then comes the time for the specialist. Towards spring you were asked do you want to be an Engineer, a Chemist, a Biologist, and so on with a string of them; or do you enter that "Select" course which is the Sheff name for what nowa- days we mean by a liberal education? You chose, and thereby sealed (often unwittingly) your future career. I am not concerned with careers, as such. Let me point out the indirect effect of this system of required courses which came before the free elective sys- tem and has lasted after it. Junior year arrived. You deeply imbedded in your little social coterie, living, eating, playing with a group of congenial friends found yourself a part, like the glass Two OF THE SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL FKATEKNITY HOUSES In the Scientific School upper class fraternity members live in the society club houses. In the College the societies have no living houses; the students all live together in general college dormitories. At the left in this picture are seen the towers of one of the new dormitories of the Scientific School. in the kaleidoscope, of another circle, too, this time an intellectual one. For better or for worse you had become a member of your "course." Strive as you would, and some of us I regret to say did strive, the effect of that intellectual influence was unescapable. If we were Engineering students we began, however dimly, to think and feel as Engineers, to see the world in terms of mathematics, and talk of stresses or the strength of materials. If we were "Select," the historical method, the anthropological point of view, the criti- cal attitude of literature, insensibly (very insensibly sometimes) began to find its way into our thought and talk. These were the new intellectual circles into which individuals of the social groups entered without losing their place in the home life of their "crowd." The course had an esprit de corps which was obvious ; a way of thinking which to us was not obvious, but most evident to the more mature observer. And back to our old circles we carried the atmosphere of the new one. Talk waxed better as the minds of friend and friend developed along separating lines; we grew more interesting 34 LIFE AT YALE to each other ; even the big games (staples in talk for half the year) lent themselves to arguments flavored by difference in ways of think- ing ; and it was a never-ending pleasure to attack the utter silliness of the other fellow's method of preparing for life. It is a common criticism that college men talk nothing but athle- tics. It is true that they make athletics so interesting to themselves that it often excludes more valuable subjects of conversation. But I have never so enjoyed good talk as in that little white "eating- joint" under the elm (now, alas, gone the way of the Old Brick Eow) where on Sunday nights, dear fat old Mrs. Wiggin listening with her hands tucked beneath her apron, we wrangled over football scores, girls, religion, life-work, hard and easy courses, till the coffee was cold, and someone threw a biscuit at the wordiest member. We were intimates. We ate together, we roomed together. But we moved in other orbits, athletic, musical, religious, most of all intellectual, and came home bringing with us the point of view, the influences of each. And that is the secret of Sheff. Most things that are worth while go back to a thought or a sacri- fice. This Sheff idea goes back to both. The farsighted enthusiasts who, in the infancy of modern science, founded the Scientific School, were not thinking of that by-product of education, the college life of which I am writing. Yet they influenced it profoundly, as move- ments at the heart of a university, where throbs its intellectual life, must always do. They planned to teach by the old things and the new, by letters, but also by science. They planned, first, to open roads through each especial province of scientific knowledge, which the individual might follow according to his capability and his choice. These were the technical courses. And next they devised a broader highway for those who did not wish to specialize and yet desired scientific training and the scientific point of view. This was the so-called " Select." Thus was formed that group of diverse courses, each unified in itself, which makes the Sheff idea. And, as one now beg'ins to see, it was the sacrifice they made for what was then a new cause, and the earnest belief of their successors, in the system which they devised, that explains the harmony, the vigor, and the success of Sheff. B. Silliman, Jr., J. D. Dana, J. P. Norton, J. A. Porter, D. C. Gilman, Brush, Whitney, Brewer, Walker, Louns- bury these memorable names seem rather overweighty for the merry college life that I remember. But they are responsible for the Sheff GRADUATES AWAITING THE COMMENCEMENT DINNER IN THE YALE DINING HALL idea unity in diversity and it is that which lies behind the inter- secting circles of Sheff life. After all Sheff life is not so very different, I suppose, from life in other colleges. Our friends in "Academic," who share so many of our traditions, our customs, our ideals, say that their idea is just as fine, and just as mighty in effect. I think it is; but the Sheff idea is different, and for those to whom it appeals this little difference counts. HENRY SEIDEL CANBY, Class of 1899 S. UNDEBGKADUATE ACTIVITIES Literary Activities, Scholarly Work and Interest, Writing for the College Papers, the Glee Club and Dramatic Association, Athletics. Competition is the basis of all student activity at Yale. The activities are of endless variety. They range from industrious study to singing on the Glee Club, taking a part in dramatics, or play- ing end on the football team. The activities have the common princi- ple of service to the University, and the common basis of competitive effort. Each man in the Yale world measures himself against his fellows, so that the best man may be chosen to serve the University in the given work or play. Success in any competition brings responsibility and honor in the college community. A hard, fair fight uncrowned with final success brings admiration. Only the sluggard in Yale life is despised. Success in any student endeavor means, at the same time, good work in study. !N~o one with low scholarship stand may continue an outside competition. Activities cover many lines of work : literary, musical, dramatic, athletic. In the first place, there are the activities that are directly connected with study or allied to it. Even study at Yale becomes a matter of outside honor as well as of intrinsic worth. High scholar- ship brings not only its own reward, but also membership in the scholastic honor society, Phi Beta Kappa. Prizes in special exami- nations and in literary composition bring not only return in the value of the prize, but also recognition in the college world for suc- cess in an accepted field of Yale work. LITERARY LIFE AND WORK The most characteristic feature of literary work at Yale is that for the undergraduate journals. The most characteristic feature of literary life at Yale is the number of small clubs composed of men with literary tastes and interests. Of the undergraduate journals, which fill a large place in college life, the Yale Daily News is the most powerful. Editorial positions UNDEKGKADUATE ACTIVITIES 3T on this paper are most keenly striven for and bring greatest responsi- bility as well as greatest honor. The chairman of the News is the uncrowned king of the Campus. The News was established in 1878, and is thus the oldest college daily in the world. Originally estab- lished as a journal for informal attack on authority and tradition, it has now become one of the chief organs of conservative influence and is one of the greatest conservers of good deportment and good taste in undergraduate life. An editorial board of some fourteen mem- bers from each Class is chosen by successive competitions during the first two years of the college course. In each of these competitions from twenty to fifty underclassmen are engaged. As a result of any one competition not more than two or three editors are chosen. The competition is on the basis of amount of accepted news sub- mitted by the competing reporter or "heeler," and & characteristic of Campus life at all times is the nervous presence of these News heel- ers darting hither and thither over the entire University in search "MAKE-UP NIGHT" IN THE OFFICE OF THE UNDERGRADUATE JOURNAL "THE RECORD" Editorial positions on the Yale papers are gained by competition. The men who have the greatest number of manuscripts published in any papers during a given year or years are elected to edit that paper in their Senior Year. On "make-up night" the editors of the undergraduate comic, The Record, sit in shirt-sleeved comfort and go over submitted manuscripts with the competitors or "heelers." 38 LIFE AT YALE of items for their paper. Probably nowhere in the world is the news field more intensively cultivated than on the Yale Campus. Prob- ably on no newspaper does a reporter work with such diligence and such zest as the heelers for the Yale News. Because of the require- ment of an authentic signature endorsing each item submitted, this college paper has also a reputation for printing accurate news. The freshman who, in the first competition, scores the largest amount of reported news becomes in his Senior year the editor of the paper. The other successful competitors become, in the organization of the board, in Senior and Junior year, his associates as business managers, managing editors, assignment editors, etc. The Yale Literary Magazine, founded in 1836, is the oldest literary monthly not only in any of the colleges, but in all America. This paper, familiarly known as the "Lit/' continues its highly SENIOR BASEBALL IN VANDERBILT COURT The court of Vanderbilt Hall, a Senior dormitory, forms a playground of special Senior privilege. A novel ball game with a large soft ball is one of the special Campus prerogatives of members of the Senior Class. UNDERGRADUATE ACTIVITIES 39 respectable career, and it is considered a great honor to be one of its editors. Not only does the Lit represent the best undergraduate writing done 'neath the elms, not only does it appeal to practically every man who has literary tastes and talent, but the five men on the board perform a service to the College by cheerfully acting as instruc- tors in English Composition. Every man who writes for this paper and there are a good many of them has the privilege of call- ing upon an editor, and taking up hours of his time in going over an unsuccessful contribution. The Record affords an outlet for the wit, satire, burlesque and humor of undergraduate life. Here is a field where the contributors do work of a high order, and the flashes in the Record are extensively quoted in many parts of the country by the professional press. The opportunity is here given for spontaneous wit, native to the college undergraduate. In the pages of the Record, too, the large number of men in College who are skilled with the pencil have a chance in the illustrations and cartoons. The Courant, founded in 1865, represents a general kind of writ- ing midway between that of the Lit and the Record. It is more radical, and less traditionally conservative than either the Lit or the News. It fills somewhat the place in college that the popular maga- zine does in the country at large. All of these journals are open to contributions, and all of them, except the Lit, are open to editorial membership by undergraduates in both the College and the Scientific School. In addition, Sheff has the Scientific Monthly as the individual paper of that depart- ment. This paper is a mirror of Sheffield undergraduate thought, as well as a field for the scientific writing of undergraduates and gradu- ates. One of the most happy of all the literary activities of the students, assuredly the most delightful and ultimately the most productive, is the number of the small clubs devoted exclusively to the discussion of literature and the arts. Most notable among these clubs is the Elizabethan Club, recently established with a beautiful home of its own, and with a collection of the most valuable rare and first editions of Elizabethan literature in the Western Hemisphere. The estab- lishment of this club has given an impetus to book collecting as an avocation among the students, and the literary discussions of students and Faculty in the daily afternoon receptions and evening meetings 40 LIFE AT YALE of this club have opened up to many a man a new attitude and a new interest in things literary and artistic. The Pundits, an interest- ing club, also with a literary motive, has existed intermittently since 1884. Ten Seniors compose the membership of this club each year. The sole qualification for the honor of membership, which is self perpetuating, is that a man shall be "Punditical" : he must have an original and interesting personality, cultivate some hobby outside of the regular student activities, and hate Philistinism with all his soul. The meetings are held about once in three weeks. The ten men sit down to dinner with a Faculty member, and spend the eve- ning talking about anything except two subjects, which are strictly barred: athletics and politics. Small clubs of a somewhat similar nature are the Stevenson Club, Kipling Club, etc., the Folio Club, organized some years ago by students who love and own rare old books, and the Kit-Kat Club, consisting of all the men who in Fresh- man and Sophomore year have won literary prizes. MUSICAL AND DRAMATIC ACTIVITIES The Glee Club and Dramatic Association are interesting Yale activities. The origin of the Glee Club was haphazard. In the sixties a few fellows gave a concert of college songs in one of the neighboring towns. As the experiment proved unexpectedly success- ful, it was repeated until there was evolved the present Glee Club with its allied Banjo and Mandolin clubs, its trips of hundreds of miles, and its elaborate organization. This continued existence of half a century implies that it has found a place. By the nature of its being, the social qualities are less emphasized by the Dramatic Association, and those of service more. A new- comer on the Campus, the Dramatic Association has achieved its present high position by the excellence of its work. Founded in 1900 with the aim of producing standard plays, such plays as we all read but rarely see, it has already presented such typical works as, of the Elizabethan drama, Dekker's Fair Maid of the West and Beaumont and Fletcher's Knight of the Burning Pestle; of Shakespeare, such as Henry IV, Part I and The Taming of the Shrew; of satire, such as Sheridan's Critic and Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest; of modern drama, such as Ibsen's The Pretenders (produced for the first time in America) and original translations from the Italian and rj *\ C & so ^ O ""Is H IS a, PH g '3 5 S o p W o> ^ 'In g H t a IS o ^ * ro "^ S^^ 1" 2t s g 3 I* s i!l-s -p a 53 s too OJ "w C S S 1 1 ^ 1 1 D "^ I H ft ^ c^ ^ s 9 S s s s g 'o ^ M P*> PH M M W H M PH O K* P o O o hH ^ M H H cc H P O hi p p H M PH c o Is be .3 -3 PH I "3 g S J l ri ^3 rg ?* g, "3 i I T3 03 g a M g 03 S H s * fl 03 _03 o - o 111 be-g L>^ 03 'o .3 Q ^ ^2 03 dj 03 -S ^ ^ 5* ^ '^ M S CU S ^ ,0 ^ g, g P ^^d be jg - s ^ S, <4H 03 O S cs "d &) h * - o "C 2 C^ pH 3 O '3 g 03 03 g) 03 03 i >.eH e 5P w tc >FH fl *^ ^d O J-i 03 O s J-a | * _3 o s| : PQ S 2 w I s H -p +s s *s - B d 2 ^ ^3 l|l.l -s |-|| s *o c *-" 0> OJ O O -t-3 O -4J eS ^_ . ?H S f^l a ^- *~ r M ^3 ^ O d 43 C rQ O CJ O K fl i il O> <3J bT .4H * *> a lll". -3 5 -^ * , r-| G .2 ^ ^ rt >r 3 H i | 1 1 2 fl t, ^ 'S .5 ^ SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF YALE In the year 1701 half a dozen Connecticut preachers came together at the house of one of their number in Branford and each in turn setting down an arm load of books, announced "I give these books for the founding of a college in Connecticut." This is the tradi- tional beginning of Yale. In the same year the legislature passed an act of liberty to erect a " Collegiate School 77 wherein Youth might "be instructed in the Arts and Sciences 77 and "fitted for Pub- lick employment both in Church and Civil State. 77 In the fall of the same year seven trustees met in Saybrook, at the mouth of the Connecticut River, and organized the College. They voted to fix the school at Saybrook and elected Rev. Abraham Pierson rector. The new College remained in Saybrook for fifteen years, though in fact much of the work was done elsewhere. Rector Pierson remained at his home in Killingworth and taught the students there, and his successor, Rev. Samuel Andrew, stayed at his home in Milford and kept the seniors in that place. But the Commencement was observed each year in Saybrook until 1716. The collection of books which brought the College into being, increasing in number, required an adequate depository, and the pro- ject of this building and other considerations forced action on the whole question of the permanent site of the College. In 1716 this question, after a bitter controversy, was decided by a majority vote of the trustees in favor of New Haven and against the original site of Saybrook. By the Commencement in 1718 the College, safely settled in New Haven in a commodious building at the southeast corner of the present old College quadrangle, was formally named Yale College in honor of Elihu Yale, a Governor of Madras under the British East India Company, and son of one of the original settlers of the Colony of New Haven, who had made a donation to the institution of 562. 12s. in goods and a collection of books. Probably never has lasting fame come to any man for so little effort and such small expense. The College continued in one general building in New Haven until the Rectorship of Rev. Thomas Clap, under whose administra- tion was erected, in 1750, a large brick dormitory, "Connecticut Hall, 77 a building which, recently restored to its original form and 78 LIFE AT YALE appearance, stands now on the College Campus. Through the influ- ence of Rector Clap a new charter was obtained from the Colonial Legislature in 1745 containing important modifications of the old one. By this charter the institution which had formerly been "a collegiate school" now became "Yale College" and the former "Rector" became its "President." The new charter also conferred ample powers of government on the "President and Fellows" who were to constitute the governing board or "Corporation," and these essential provisions remain unchanged to the present day. Toward the third quarter of the century the work of the College was somewhat interrupted by the Revolutionary War, in which the record of Yale men was most honorable. The Yale soldier whose name is probably most highly cherished is Nathan Hale of the Class of 1773, who volunteered as a spy in the service of General Washing- ton and was captured and executed by the British in 1776. The College continued to grow in prestige and numbers during the first century of its existence, so that in 1800, under the administra- tion of President Dwight, the enrollment numbered 217, and at even that early date the number of students from the Southern and Southwestern states formed so large a proportion of the total enroll- ment as to begin to fix the character of the college as a national institution. President Dwight's far-sighted plans for Yale contem- plated its expansion into a University with the four historic depart- ments of Philosophy, Theology, Law, and Medicine. During the administration of President Theodore D. Woolsey, from 1846 to 1871, Yale gained in reputation as an institution of scholarship and learning, and in strength and prosperity. With him were associated a notable group of educators the imprint of whose personality has shaped the educational policy not only of Yale but of many other American universities of the present day. The names that stand out particularly in this galaxy are the following : Professors Elias Loomis and Denison Olmsted of Natural Philosophy, Noah Porter of Mental and Moral Philosophy, James D. Dana of Geology, Thomas A. Thacher of Latin, Benjamin Silliman of Chemistry (son of the "elder" Benjamin Silliman also of Chemistry, "the Nestor of American science" ) , James Hadley of Greek, William D. Whitney of Language, Hubert A. Newton of Mathematics, George J. Brush of Metallurgy, Cyrus Northrop of Rhetoric and English Litera- ture, Daniel C. Gilman of Geography and Librarian, Othniel C. Marsh of Paleon- tology, John P. Norton, Samuel W. Johnson and William H. Brewer of Agriculture and Agricultural Chemistry, and J. Willard Gibbs in the beginnings of his notable work in Physics. HISTORICAL SKETCH 79 In addition to the departments of Philosophy, Theology, Law, and Medicine, all of which were a part of the educational machinery of the institution since before the middle of the nineteenth century, an important development came during President Woolsey's adminis- tration in the organization of a new department of Philosophy and Arts. This department came in answer to a new popular demand for technical instruction, especially in chemistry, which, as applied to the arts, was then in its infancy. There was a demand for a "new learning,' 7 different from that of the classical colleges, and one branch of this new department at Yale, the Sheffield Scientific School, was a pioneer in the effort to meet this demand. The other branch of this new department of Arts and Sciences at Yale was the Gradu- ate School, again a pioneer movement in American education. Of this new educational movement 'at Yale, the President of the Carne- gie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, under the head- ing "The Evolution of the American Type of University," says: "Historically the account should begin with Yale College, when in 1846 graduate courses in Philosophy and the Arts were established. . . . The honor of having established the first creditable course of study for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy is due to Yale. . . ." ACADEMIC PROCESSION MARCHING FROM CAMPUS TO AUDITORIUM AT THE CELEBRATION OF YALE'S BICENTENNIAL IN 1901 80 LIFE AT YALE Important expansions of the college work into other fields are found in the more recent establishment of the School of Fine Arts, the Peabody Museum of Natural History, the Winchester Observa- tory, the Music School, and the Forest School. The institution, for many years a university in fact, became so in name in 1886 at the inauguration of President Dwight, grandson of the former president of the same name, when the corporate title was changed from Yale College to Yale University. President Dwight' s term witnessed advance in work and unprecedented growth in numbers and equipment. The thirteen -years of the present admin- istration, that of President Arthur Twining Hadley, who succeeded President Dwight in 1899, have marked continued expansion in important directions, particularly in material growth and prosperity and in the scholarly work of the Faculty and students. Yale has stood for two centuries and stands to-day for two distinct motives in education. The first is the training of the student for public service : described in the words of the earliest charter as the "fitting of youth for publick employment both in church and civil state." In this training for large public service the national char- acter of the student body has been a factor. For over a century the South and West have met in large numbers with the East and ISTew England states in the student enrollment at Yale. At present approximately one-fourth of the total number of Yale graduates are residents of the Western states ; nearly one-tenth are of the Southern states; over one-third are of the Central states, and somewhat less than one-third are of the ~New England states. The enrollment of students at present in the University shows approximately the same distribution of residence. This national character of the student body, no less than the fixed purpose of the University, has kept the training at Yale directed not only toward sound scholarship but as well toward broad public service. The second characteristic in education at Yale may be traced to the origin of the institution in a collection of books and the close connection between the development of the library and the insti- tution. The value of research, emphasis on the necessity for a uni- versity to increase as well as to rehearse the present field of knowl- edge, has been a characteristic principle of Yale's development. Present expansion in the direction of large, thoroughly equipped laboratories, and the scientific field-explorations in the realm of HISTORICAL SKETCH 81 natural history and geography are evidences of Yale's regard for the worth of enlarging the field of human knowledge. There had been in 1910 a total of 26,313 graduates of the Uni- versity, of whom approximately 16,000 are now living. It is esti- mated that, in addition, students equal in number to about one half the total graduated were for a time enrolled in the University but failed to receive a degree. In this roll of graduates, beside those mentioned above, and omitting the names of any now living, the fol- lowing may be mentioned as having had particular influence in the history of this country: Signers of the Declaration of Independence: Philip Livingston, 1737; Lewis Morris, 1746; Lyman Hall, 1747; Oliver Wolcott, 1747. Members of the Convention of 1787 icho framed the Constitution of the United States: William Livingston, 1741; William Samuel Johnson, 1744; Abraham Baldwin, 1772. In Theology: Jonathan Edwards, 1720, probably the greatest theologian this country has produced; Lyman Beecher, 1797, a leader in the temperance and anti- slavery movement; Leonard Bacon, 1820, prominent in the anti-slavery contest; Horace Bushnell, 1827. In Law and Public Affairs: James Kent, 1781, jurist, Chief Justice and Chancellor of New York; John C. Calhoun, 1804, Vice President of the United States, a chief exponent of the Doctrine of State Sovereignty; Alphonso Taft, 1833, Secretary of \Var and Attorney General and United States Minister to Austria and Russia; William M. Evarts, 1837, Secretary of State; Morrison R. Waite, 1837, Chief Justice of the United States. In Invention: Eli Whitney, 1792, inventor of the cotton-gin; Samuel F. B. Morse, 1810, inventor of the electric magneto telegraph. In Letters: Noah Webster, 1778; Donald G. Mitchell, 1841; Edmund Clarence Stedman, 1853. INFORMATION Facts and Figures Relating Particularly to the Undergraduate Departments ENTKANCE KEQUIREMENTS Students are admitted to the two undergraduate departments of Yale University upon passing examination in subjects noted below. These examinations may be taken at one time, or the candidate may present himself for examination in one or more subjects at any examination session. A schedule of examinations and list of places where examina- tions are to be held may be had from the Registrar of the department. The candidate should send to the Registrar of the department he wishes to enter, by May 15, a written notification of his intention to take the examination, and at what place he will take it. A fee of $5.00 is charged for admission to every examination session and this should be paid by May 15, for the June examinations; or before the time of registration, for the September examinations, which are held only in New Haven. At or before each examination the candidate must send to the Registrar or present to the person in charge of the examination a definite statement from his principal instructor specifying subjects in which he is authorized to take the examination, and before his admis- sion to college he must submit an honorable dismissal from school or a certificate of moral character. In Yale College, conferring the degree of B.A., the subjects of exam- ination are as follows : SUBJECTS SPECIFICALLY REQUIRED ADDITIONAL SUBJECTS, OF WHICH FOTJB OF ALL CANDIDATES ARE REQUIRED OF EACH CANDIDATE 1. Latin Grammar i. Greek Grammar and Composition 2. Latin Composition ii. Xenophon 3. Csesar-Nepos iii. Homer iv. French (a) or German (a) 4. Cicero-Sallust (i. e., the one not offered as one of the subjects specifi- 5. Vergil-Ovid cally required) v. French (6) 6. French (a) or German (a) vi. German (5) vii. German (c) 7. English (a) viii. Solid Geometry and Plane Trig- onometry 8. English (6) ix. Physics x. Chemistry 9. Algebra (a) xi. Ancient History xii. English History or American 10. Algebra (6) History and Civil Government (either, but not both) 11. Plane Geometry NOTE: (a) elementary course, (6) or (c) advanced course. 84 LIFE AT YALE In the Sheffield Scientific School, conferring the degree of Ph.B., the subjects of examination are as follows : PRESCRIBED SUBJECTS ENGLISH : Both of the following : English (a) : Reading (2) English ( 6 ) : Study ( 1 ) FOREIGN LANGUAGES : Any two of the following : ( Latin Grammar and Composition ( 1 ) and l ' ( Caesar-Nepos (1) 2. French, Elementary (2) 3. German, Elementary (2) HISTORY: Any one of the following: American History ( 1 ) English History (1) Mediaeval and Modern European History ( 1 ) Ancient History ( 1 ) MATHEMATICS : All of the following : Algebra, Elementary (1%) Algebra, Advanced (%) Plane Geometry ( 1 ) Solid Geometry Plane Trigonometry SCIENCE: Any one of the following: Physics ( 1 ) Chemistry ( 1 ) Botany ( 1 ) ELECTIVE SUBJECTS Any two of the following subjects not already pre- scribed or elected : Physics ( 1 ) Cicero-Sallust or Chemistry (1) Vergil-Ovid (1) Botany (1) French, Elementary (2) Mechanical Drawing ( 1 ) French, Intermediate ( 1 ) Latin Grammar and ) German, Elementary (2) Composition, and (. / 2 \ German, Intermediate (1) Caesar-Nepos f * ' History, any one unit noted above (1) The numbers in parenthesis after the subjects indicate the amount of time, or the " units," required for preparation, a unit representing work involving four or five exercises a week for the whole school year. In place of the Yale examinations candidates in either department may meet the entrance requirements by passing examinations in the equivalent subjects which are set by the College Entrance Examination Board. This is a general examining board composed of representatives of many colleges, including Yale University. The examinations of this Board are accepted for entrance by the leading colleges of the country. This Board has its headquarters in New York City, and the INFORMATION 85 list of places in which its examinations are held may be obtained by addressing the Secretary of the Board, Sub-Station 84, New York City. The Board certificate which a candidate receives after passing the examinations should be sent for exchange to the Registrar of the depart- ment the student is to enter at Yale. Applications for admission to advanced standing with or without examination are received from graduates and undergraduates of other institutions. Particulars and forms of application may be obtained from the Registrar of the department to be entered. Further details in regard to the entrance examinations are given in the catalogue of the department concerned. COURSES OF STUDY While there is a certain liberty of election in courses of study at Yale, the courses that may be taken in the College or in Sheffield Scientific School are divided into groups. In the College a student entering the Freshman Class must choose one of three groups of courses, from which most of his subsequent college studies will be chosen. In the Sheffield Scientific School each class is divided into two groups at the beginning of the year: the Engineering Science group, and the Natural Science group. The final choice of specific course within the two groups must be made during Freshman year before March 1. For particulars regarding courses one should refer to the University Catalogue or to the catalogue of the department concerned. THE UNIVERSITY CALENDAR In brief the University Calendar is as follows: Public Commencement at Yale is held on the next to last "Wednesday in June. The first term commences fourteen weeks, or occasionally fifteen weeks, from the day after Commencement Day. At present the first term extends to the winter vacation of two weeks at Christmas time, and the second term extends from the end of the winter vacation to Commencement Day, with a spring recess of one week including Easter Sunday. A new University year of two semesters has been adopted and will go into effect in the fall of 1913. This divides the year into two equal periods, the mid-year examinations beginning on Friday, three full weeks after the resumption of work after the winter vacation. The second semester will begin after a recess of three days following the last examination of the first semester. The winter and spring vacations will continue at the same time and for the same periods as at present. 86 LIFE AT YALE EXPENSES Tuition in the College is $155.00 per year, and in the Sheffield Scien- tific School $150.00. In the Scientific School an additional charge of $21.00 is made for use of libraries, gymnasium, etc. Booms in College dormitories, which accommodate about 1,050 men, are obtainable at prices ranging from $60.00 to about $200.00 a year per student. Kooms are reserved in May for members of the Freshmen Class of the year fol- lowing. These are assigned to applicants in order of application. Correspondence about College rooms should be addressed to the Regis- trar of the College. Rooming accommodations for about 200 men in the Scientific School range in price from $76.00 to about $200.00. Rooms outside dormitories vary in price according to their location. The Sheffield Scientific School societies have society houses in which the members may room. The prices of these rooms average about the same as those in the dormitories, with certain reductions in some cases. Students in either the College or the Scientific School cannot room in any hotel, apartment house, or any building in which a family does not reside, except by special permission of the Faculty. Board may be obtained at cost at the University Dining Hall, which contains seats for 1,200 members of the University. The sum of $3.25 a week is charged for certain specified staples of food, and in addition there is an a la carte service. The board averages from $5.00 to $5.25 a week. Dwight Hall, on the College Campus, has a grill room open to all members of the University. Board outside of college costs from $3.50 to $8.00 per week. The average price is probably about $5.00. The necessary annual expenses in college, omitting clothing, vacation expenses, and sundries, have been estimated as follows: the lowest amount, $335.00; a liberal amount, $770.00; and a general average, $525.00 a year. These amounts include tuition, rent of half-room in college, board, furniture, fuel and light, washing, text-books and sta- tionery, and subscriptions (to societies, sports, periodicals, etc.). FACILITIES FOR SELF-HELP A student may defray part or all of his expenses at Yale by doing various kinds of work. About 500, or one-fourth of the total number of men enrolled in the College and the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale, defray all or a part of their expenses at college by such work. Private tutoring is perhaps the most remunerative work for the under- graduate. Application for this work should be made to the instructors. IN FKONT OF THE YALE POST OFFICE This office is conveniently situated in the basement entry of the brick dormitory on the "Middle Campus." Beyond stand the twin brick buildings of the Yale Divinity School. Students may earn their board as waiters in small clubs. Applications for positions as waiters should be made early in the fall, before the University opens, to boarding-house keepers or to the Bureau of Appointments. Students also obtain board by forming and managing eating-clubs of their fellows. About twenty-five students are employed in the University Dining Hall as "checkers" and clerks. The Bureau of Appointments has the disposal of these positions, for which there is usually a long waiting list. Clerical work in business houses in the city, and in some of the University organizations, is obtainable. Can- vassing is especially good work for vacation. Students often report for local papers or act as correspondents for out of town papers. For the care of furnaces and sidewalks in winter, and of lawns and gardens in summer, a student obtains his room rent free or receives from $1.50 to $2.50 a week. Typewriting and stenographic work is available in the business organizations of the University. Students are often employed as motormen and conductors. Some obtain positions in the choirs or as organists in city churches. 88 LIFE AT YALE Statistics taken recently show the following amounts earned in various types of work by students at Yale in one year : Number Work. of men. Amount. Teaching $37,163 Private tutoring 182 27,620 Waiting in eating clubs 135 18,463 Managing eating clubs 61 7,465 Clerical work '. 193 22,224 Canvassing 130 10,970 Reporting for newspapers 18 3,319 Street railway work 15 2,418 Caring for furnaces, lawns, etc 32 1,711 Typewriting and stenography 29 2,671 Music 17 1,897 Other lines of work in which students had been employed the same year included: work at summer resorts, religious work, work in fac- tories, civil engineering, farming, banking, library work, managing boys' clubs, literary work, printing, surveying, housework, and railroading. Smaller sums were earned in ushering, monitoring, as chauffeurs, in summer camps, as proctors, ticket selling, in legal work, collect- ing, as guards at Yale Field, in mason work, carpentering, moving furniture, as guides about college buildings, operating stereopticon lan- terns, as station agents, painting, meat cutting, as fencing instructor, as fruit inspector, making banners, publishing programs, as interpreters, testing in a rope factory, as janitor, in lumber camp, as Pullman con- ductor, in sleight-of-hand entertainments, as "clearer" on theatre stage, collecting geological specimens, getting out blotters as advertisements, in laundry, wheeling invalid's chair, addressing envelopes, selling spring water, etc. Scholarships are maintained in various departments of the University for the aid of needy students of high standing. Special prizes of large and small sums are offered for competition in many subjects. Tuition scholarships are granted to approved students in the Academical Depart- ment upon the basis of need and of excellence in scholarship. They are at the rate of $70.00, $110.00, and $150.00 a year, according to the degree of need and excellence of scholarship. Application for these should be made to the Bureau of Appointments before October 1 of each year. The University Loan Fund furnishes loans of the same amounts to students both in the College and the Scientific School. Application for these may be made through the Bureau of Appoint- ments. In both of these departments special scholarships are awarded to men selected for sundry special reasons by the Deans and Facul- ties or by the Bureau of Appointments. A complete list of such INFORMATION 89 scholarships is printed in the University Catalogue. Yale Alumni Asso- ciations in several localities offer scholarships for the benefit of students entering from those localities. Such scholarship aid is offered by the alumni in Chicago, Cleveland, Colorado, Essex County (N. J.), Hart- ford, Hawaii, Louisville, Northern Minnesota and Northern Wisconsin, Michigan, Northeastern New York, Minneapolis, St. Paul and Southern Minnesota, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh,, Rochester, Seattle, Southern California, and Wisconsin. Special scholarships are maintained by the University for the benefit of those entering from Connecticut and New Haven high schools. Men in the Sheffield Scientific School may obtain aid from the Sheffield Loaning Fund and the Vanderbilt Loaning Fund. Application for such assistance should be made to the Director of the School. Prizes for excellence in special lines of work are offered by the various departments. The Loring W. Andrews Memorial Loan Library, under the charge of the University Librarian, provides for the loan of text-books and works of reference to needy students of the Academical Department. Permis- sion to use this library must be obtained at the Bureau of Appoint- ments. The Lounsbury Loan Library provides for the loan to the Scientific School students of a limited supply of text-books. The Yale Cooperative Corporation, organized by and in the interests of members of the University, has a store in Fayerweather Hall, near Elm Street, where students' supplies are sold practically at cost to its members. The fee for membership is $2.00 for one year, $4.00 for three years, and $5.00 for four years. UNIVERSITY PRIVILEGES THE UNIVERSITY CHURCH The privileges of the Church of Christ in Yale University are extended to all students of the University. Prayers, conducted by vari- ous officers of the University, are held daily except Sunday at Battell Chapel. Services with sermons by eminent preachers from various cities and institutions are held Sundays either in Battell Chapel or Wool- sey Hall. Attendance of students in the Academical Department is required at both morning prayers and Sunday worship. Attendance at Sunday morning service may be either at the College Chapel or at one of the New Haven churches selected by the student or his parents. The College Chapel is open to all members of the University. CONCERTS, LECTURES, COLLECTIONS, ETC. Among the many University privileges are concerts given either free of charge or at a moderate admission price, and many lectures. 90 LIFE AT YALE University Chamber Concerts, in which musicians of note take part, are held each year. Several concerts are given every winter by the New Haven Symphony Orchestra, with the assistance of eminent soloists. The New Haven Oratorio Society gives one or two concerts each season. Organ recitals are given in Woolsey Hall each week during the winter term by Professor Jepson of Yale or by some dis- tinguished visiting organist. Some informal recitals are given by students of the Department of Music each year. Artists' concerts by musicians and organizations of high standing are given from time to time. In addition to lectures given in connection with the curriculum, there are a large number of lecture courses under the auspices of the various departments of the University. These are open to all University stu- dents. Among these lecture courses are included : the Silliman Memo- rial lectures on natural history ; the Dodge lectures on citizenship ; the Trowbridge lecture course on art; the Lyman Beecher lectures on preaching; the Bromley lectures on journalism, literature, and public affairs ; the Stanley Woodward lectures by distinguished foreigners who ure visiting this country ; etc., etc. The Art School contains valuable collections of paintings, wood-carv- ings, sketches, casts, porcelains, and prints. The Peabody Museum of Natural History is especially strong in its mineralogical and geologi- cal collections. These collections are at most times open for public exhibition. LIBRARIES The whole number of books in the. libraries of the University is about 000,000. The University Library proper, which consists of Chitten- den Hall, Linsly Hall, and the old library building, contains about 735,000 of these volumes. The library contains many notable col- lections, such as that of Chinese literature, of first and important editions of American belles lettres, of Arabic manuscripts, of Oriental books and manuscripts, the Marsh paleontological library, the Scandi- navian library of Count Eiant, the Curtius library of classical literature, and many other special collections, important and unique. In the "Linonia and Brothers" library in Chittenden Hall, there are about 25,000 selected books, chiefly of the best current literature. Here are also books of reference and the books reserved for special use in courses of study. The periodical room in Chittenden Hall contains over 700 of the leading scholarly periodicals. The reading-room in Dwight Hall contains the lighter periodicals and the leading daily newspapers. In Linsly Hall there are seminary rooms and libraries for the departments INTERIOR or THE ART SCHOOL The important collections of the Art School include the Jarves Gallery of Italian art, paintings dating from the eleventh to the seventeenth century; the Trumbull Gallery of historical portraits; the Alden Collection of Belgian wood carvings of the seventeenth century; a collection of casts and marbles repre- sentative of various periods of art; a collection of Chinese porcelains and bronzes; a collection of Braun autotypes and Arundel prints; etc. of History, Social Sciences, Philosophy and Psychology, Modern Lan- guages, and the Natural and Physical Sciences. The Sheffield Scientific School Library in Sheffield Hall contains about 7,500 volumes, chiefly of mathematics. The Law Library in Hendrie Hall, the Law School, contains about 34,015 volumes and 3,500 pamphlets, being particularly strong in Koman law and United States statutory law. The new Day Missions Library of the Divinity School contains the largest strictly mission collection in America. Its reading- room is provided with about 200 missionary periodicals. The Eliza- bethan Club owns a library of belles lettres, and has a collection of Elizabethan first editions unequaled in any single collection in the world. In addition to these, there are about fifteen other special libra- ries used by the various departments of the University. LABORATORIES The Laboratories of the University include the following: For physics the new Sloane Physics Laboratory, open for the use of the Academic, Scientific and Graduate departments in 1912. 92 LIFE AT YALE For chemistry the Kent Chemical Laboratory of the College and the Sheffield Chemical Laboratory of the Scientific School. For biological sciences the laboratories for elementary biology, botany and plant physiology, bacteriology and hygiene in Sheffield Hall; the laboratories for comparative anatomy, embryology, entomology, general physiology and physiological chemistry in the Sheffield Biological Laboratory; the laboratories for invertebrate zoology and paleontology in the Peabody Museum of Natural History; laboratories for physical physiology and pathology in the Medical School. A new University Laboratory for Zoology, Comparative Anatomy and Botany is in process of construction on Pierson-Sage Square. For geological sciences, laboratories for geology, mineralogy, petrology and geography in Kirtland Hall and the Peabody Museum. For psychology Herrick Hall. For engineering the recently completed Mason Laboratory for Mechanical Engineering; civil and electrical laboratories in Win- chester Hall, and the Hammond Mining and Metallurgical Laboratory. There is also an observatory and a botanical garden. THE INFIRMARY The University Infirmary, attractively located on Prospect Hill, may be used by students at the nominal price of $1.50 a day. A competent matron is in residence. The call and choice of physician rests with the patient. GENERAL CLUB LIFE In addition to the fraternities or elective clubs, there are in the University a number of open general clubs. The most distinctive of these clubs are Dwight Hall in the College and Byers Memorial Hall in the Scientific School. These buildings are the headquarters of the Christian associations in their respective departments. They also contain reading rooms, and general lounging and social rooms. The Yale University Club is a general club open to upper classmen of either undergraduate department. There are also a number of school and sectional clubs composed of men coming to the University from the same school, city or state. There are also many clubs and associations of men of similar tastes, such as literary clubs, the Cercle Frangais, Cosmopolitan Club, etc., etc. ATHLETIC FACILITIES Yale athletics are divided into two groups : general exercise under the direction and supervision of the University; and sports carried on by the undergraduates. INTOKMATION 93 The Yale gymnasium, one of the largest buildings in the country devoted exclusively to gymnastics and athletics, is the center of the former group. The Director is a trained physician. A thorough physical examination is given each student yearly without charge. Gymnastic work is required of the Freshman Class of the College, except of those who are in training with the recognized athletic teams. The equipment includes the best devices from the German and Swedish gymnasiums, as well as the American development appliances. There are bowling-alleys, rowing-tanks, hand-ball courts, squash courts, basket- ball facilities, crew and football rooms, fencing and boxing rooms, etc., besides a main exercise hall. The Carnegie Swimming Pool, situated back of the gymnasium, is a building 120 by 60 feet, the pool itself being 75 by 30 feet. All Freshmen who cannot swim are given lessons free of charge. During October and November a course of lectures on health topics is given to the- College Freshmen, attendance being compulsory. Athletic sports at Yale are in charge of the undergraduates. A revised set of rules governing these sports has recently been adopted in order to place Yale athletics on a more permanent and a broader INTERIOR OF THE CARNEGIE SWIMMING POOL 94 LIFE AT YALE cooperative graduate and undergraduate basis. A new Yale Uni- versity Athletic Association, which regulates the conduct of athletics in Yale, has been formed. It consists of the following members: the managers of the four major sports (foot-ball, base-ball, track teams and crew) ; the captains of the four major sports' teams ; the president of the Minor Athletic Association (representing tennis, golf, basket-ball, hockey, swimming, gymnastics, wrestling, fencing, gun, and soccer) ; and five additional members, graduates of Yale University. Yale Field, the athletic field of the University, is situated about a mile from the campus. It contains several base-ball and foot-ball fields, a quarter-mile running track, foot-ball stands accommodating over 35,000 people, and a covered base-ball stand with bleachers, seating over 7,000. A plan for enlarging the general athletic facilities and for permanent athletic equipment at Yale has recently been adopted. This plan was worked out by a graduate Committee of Twenty-One, appointed by the Alumni Advisory Board. The committee has already acquired 80 acres of land directly opposite Yale Field. Permanent fire-proof foot-ball stands to accommodate over 60,000 people, and a new club house for the use of the students, are planned to be erected on the newly acquired land. The remainder of the territory will be laid out for use of general recreation. This development will include : foot- ball fields, base-ball diamonds, tennis-courts, etc. The old field will be kept for the University base-ball team, for foot-ball and base- ball practice, and for track athletics. The base-ball stand is to be replaced by a permanent structure to seat about 20,000 people. The plans of the committee will provide opportunities for at least half of the undergraduate body to exercise at one time. The new George A. Adee Boat House, erected by the alumni at the cost of $100,000, was opened in May, 1911. It is situated on New Haven Harbor, and contains complete rowing equipment. Besides accommodations for the regular crews, there are ample facilities for all men who wish to train or take part in rowing. A new base-ball cage, erected north of the Carnegie Swimming Pool, contains in addition to a regulation base-ball diamond, a running track, and jumping and vaulting pits. It is intended particularly for winter base-ball practice. The courts of the Tennis Association are situated on Whitney Avenue. The Hockey Team has the use of the new Yale Skating Eink on West Kiver Meadow, east of Yale Field. THE YALE CORPORATION* President ARTHUR TWINING HADLEY, PH.D., LL.1). Fellows His Excellency the Governor of Connecticut His Honor the Lieutenant Governor of Connecticut Rev. Joseph Anderson, D.D., Woodmont Rev. Edwin Pond Parker, D.D., Hartford Rev. Joseph Hopkins Twichell, M.A., Hartford Rev. Newman Smyth, D.D., New Haven Rev. James Wesley Cooper, D.D., Hartford Payson Merrill, LL.B., M.A., New York City Hon. Eli Whitney, M.A., New Haven 1913f Henry Bradford Sargent, M.A., New Haven 1914f Charles Hopkins Clark, M.A., Hartford Rev. Newell Meeker Calhoun, M.A., Orange Otto Tremont Bannard, LL.B., M.A., New York City 1916f Alfred Lawrence Ripley, M.A., Boston, Mass. 1915f Hon. William Howard Taft, LL.D., Washington, D. C. 1912f Clarence Hill Kelsey, M.A., New York City Rev. Charles Edward Jefferson, D.D., New York City John Villiers Farwell, M.A., Chicago, 111. 19l7f Secretary REV. ANSON PHELPS STOKES, JR., D.D. Treasurer GEORGE PARMLY DAY, M.A. * The Corporation is the governing body of the University. It consisted originally of ten Connecticut Congregational ministers. These original trustees are elected for life and their successors elect fellows to fill vacancies in their own number. These successors are no longer limited to Congregational clergy- men nor to residents of Connecticut. In 1792 the membership of the Cor- poration was increased to include the governor and lieutenant governor and the six senior senators of Connecticut. In 1871 the place in the Corporation of the six senators was given to alumni fellows elected by the alumni at large, each for a term of six years, with possibility of reelection. t A date indicates the year in which the term of a Fellow elected by the Alumni expires. THE ALUMNI ADVISORY BOARD CHAIRMAN, Henry Treat Rogers, Foster Bldg., Denver, Colo. RECORDING SECRETARY, Rev. Anson Phelps Stokes, Jr., Yale University. CORRESPONDING SECRETARY, Edward Johnson Phelps, 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, 111. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, Mr. Rogers, Chairman, and Messrs. Hidden, Flanders, Bigelow, Perrin, Greene, Phelps. MEMBERSf The President, Secretary, and Treasurer of the University. The Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Yale Alumni University Fund Association, care W. E. S. Griswold, 35 Wall st., New York City. The President and Secretary of the Yale Association of Class Secretaries. j PRESIDENT, Robert Jaffray, '73 S., 58 West 46th st., New York City. I SECRETARY, Frederick Dwight, '94, 52 William st., New York City. BOSTON, YALE CLUB OF Samuel James Elder, '73, Pemberton Bldg., Boston. Hon. George Augustus Sanderson, '85, Ayer, Mass. BRISTOL, YALE CLUB OF George Clifford Clark, '93 S., Terryville, Conn. BUFFALO, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Stephen Merrill Clement, '82, Marine National Bank, Buffalo. CENTRAL NEW YORK FEDERATION (Auburn, Syracuse, and Utica) Hon. Irving Goodwin Vann, '63, 316 James st., Syracuse. CENTRAL PENNSYLVANIA, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Benjamin Matthias Nead, '70, Russ Bldg., Harrisburg. CHICAGO, YALE CLUB OF Edward Johnson Phelps, '86, 50 South LaSalle st., Chicago. Irwin Rew, '89 S., 108 South LaSalle st., Chicago. CINCINNATI, YALE CLUB OF Harley James Morrison, '87 S., Clifton, Cincinnati. Walter Alden DeCamp, '90, Traction Bldg., Cincinnati. CLEVELAND, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Edward Belden Greene, '00, Cleveland Trust Co., 1 Euclid av., Cleveland. f Alumni Associations with a membership of 100 or more Yale graduates are represented on the Alumni Advisory Board. There are in all 70 formal Yale Alumni Associations or Clubs, including in their territory the principal cities of this and several foreign countries. ALUMNI AI^S^^BO^MJ/-: 97 JLORADO YALE ASSOCIATION Henry Treat Rogers, '66, Foster Bldg., Denver. James Dudley Skinner, '94 S., 909 Pearl st., Denver. ESSEX COUNTY (N. S.), YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Hendon Chubb, '95 S., 5 South William st., New York City. FAIRFIELD COUNTY (CONN.), YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Frederick Smillie Curtis, '69 S., Brookfield Center, Conn. Hon. John Hoyt Perry, '70, Southport, Conn. HARTFORD, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF William Herbert Corbin, '89, 172 Collins st., Hartford. Robert Watkinson Huntington, Jr., '89, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company, Hartford. INDIANA, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF John Orlando Perrin, '79, American National Bank, Indianapolis. KANSAS CITY, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF John Venable Hanna, '85 S., 23d st. and Grand av., Kansas City. James Perkins Richardson, '91, Anderson, Mo. KENTUCKY, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Arthur Dwight Allen, '01, care Fidelity Trust Co., Louisville. LONG ISLAND, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Hon. William Bates Davenport, '67, 189 Montague st., Brooklyn, ST. Y. LOUISIANA, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Bernard Titche, '82, Hennen Annex, New Orleans. MARYLAND, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Albert Henry Buck, '94, The Arundel Apartments, Baltimore. MERIDEN, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Frank Elbert Sands, '85 S., 27 East Main st., Meriden. MICHIGAN YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Henry Ledyard, '97, 579 Jefferson av., Detroit. NEBRASKA YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION Victor Bush Caldwell, '87, U. S. National Bank, Omaha. NEW HAVEN, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Frank Lewis Bigelow, '81 S., 205 Whitney av., New Haven. David Daggett, '79, 100 Crown st., New Haven. NEW LONDON COUNTY (CONN.), YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF George Smith Palmer, '78, New London. NEW YORK CITY, YALE CLUB OF Thomas Thacher, '71, 62 Cedar st., New York City. Frederick William Vanderbilt, '76 S., 459 Fifth av., New York City. NORTHEASTERN NEW YORK, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF John Kasson Howe, '71, 51 State st., Albany. 98 ^1 A TALE NORTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA AND WYOMING VALLEY, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Hon. Joseph Benjamin Dimmick, '81, Scranton. NORTHWEST (Minnesota, Iowa, North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, and part of Washington), YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE Wilbur Franklin Booth, '84, 69 South llth st., Minneapolis. John Kaymond Mitchell, '89 S., Capitol National Bank Bldg., St. Paul. PHILADELPHIA, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Thomas DeWitt Cuyler, '74, Arcade Bldg., Philadelphia. Noah Haynes Swayne, 2d, '93, Pennsylvania Bldg., Philadelphia. PITTSBURGH, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Edwin Whittier Smith, '78, Carnegie Bldg., Pittsburgh. RHODE ISLAND, YALE ASSOCIATION OF William Lansing Hodgman, '76, 66 South Main st., Providence. SOUTHEASTERN FEDERATION OF YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATIONS (Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and Savannah) William Josiah Tilson, '94, Atlanta National Bank Bldg., Atlanta. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF William Lamed Thacher, '87, Thacher School, Nordhoff. ST. Louis, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Edward Hidden, '85, St. Louis Club, St. Louis. Thomas Henry West, Jr., '96 S., 401 Locust st., St. Louis. WASHINGTON, D. C., YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF George Xavier McLanahan, '96, Union Trust Bldg., Washington. James Herron Hopkins, Jr., '04, 1324 18th st., Washington. WESTERN MASSACHUSETTS, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF Jonathan Barnes, '85, 423 Main st., Springfield. WISCONSIN, YALE ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF James Greeley Flanders, '67, 161 Prospect st., Milwaukee. THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY WILL INCREASE TO SO CENTS ON THE FOURTH DAY AND TO $1.OO ON THE SEVENTH DAY OVERDUE. * tC 194! AHfi 1 19 RR 4 8 fU^U * v n. *,' EC J AUG15S8-5! nH LD 21-100m-7,'40 (6936s) YC 64353 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY