O THE LIBRARY OF o ft*/ I THE TRIBUTE BOOK A RECORD OF THE MUNIFICENCE, SELF-SACRIFICE PATRIOTISM OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE DURING THE WAR FOR THE UNIOX, Illustrate. BY FRAlNTK B. GOODRICH n , AUTHOR OF THE COURT OF NAPOLEON, ETC. " A TRIBUTE or A FREE-WILL OFFERING." DEUT. xvi. 10. NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY DERBY & MILLER. 1865. I - 0. A. ALVORD. El.F.rTROTYPKR AND PRINTER. b : Book contains the story of seventy millions of dollars. Ordinarily, Millions do not^furnish an interesting or an instructive theme; he who writes their history has generally little to tell but a tale of selfishness and greed, or at best, of dogged in- dustry or stubborn self-denial. It is rare that he who collects the chronicles of dollars and cents, pounds, shillings and pence, can lay before the reader such a record of self-sacrifice as the following pages embody. These are not the annals of mercan- tile shrewdness, of wealth heaped up by toil or avarice, of riches painfully gathered by patience or speedily swept together by genius or fortune : they are the records of money given, not money earned; of a labor of love, not of labor for hire and salary ; of purse-strings unloosed, of the latch-string hang- ing free, of self-assessment, of tribute rendered always willingly, often unasked. This volume, in a word, is a digest the materials for twenty such having been condensed into one of the ways and means by which the American people, having been taxed to pay three thousand millions of dollars for the prosecution of a war of their own accord, without tax or toll, collected and expended nearly seventy millions more. Its contents, 4 PREFACE. varied in their details, have, fundamentally, but one source, and treat of but one purpose. The intent was one and the same, whether the particular object in view was to promote enlistments, to procure representative recruits, to relieve drafted men, to succor the families of volunteers, to sustain the efficiency of the army, to care for the sick and wounded, to send aid to the distressed Unionist within the rebel lines, to feed the impoverished operative abroad, to build soldiers' rests, to endow orphan asylums, to give homes to living officers and erect monuments to dead ones. Our subject is the private generos- ity, the munificence, the philanthropy, of the War for the Union ; and no form in which money has been obtained out- side of taxation, legislation, and appropriation, whether by states, counties, or towns and expended for any purpose connected with the prosecution of the war, has been knowingly omitted. This stated, there is little else requiring notice in these preliminary pages. A grateful duty remains to the compiler for compilation and annotation have been his principal labors -that of acknowledging the assistance received, without which not one page could have been prepared, nor one fact obtained. A book like this has not been produced without the asking of innumerable questions ; and those to whom they have been addressed, have, in no case, let them pass unheeded, though they had often, doubtless, many more pressing things to do than answering them. To the corresponding secretaries of the various associations whose labors are here recorded, the thanks of the publishers are due, and are hereby cordially offered. To the presidents of the several commissions, to the superintendents of soldiers' homes and asylums, to the treasurers of bounty and defence funds, to all who have afforded aid, the publishers gratefully confess their indebtedness. One other debt they have to acknowledge, even if they are never able to pay it. Unassisted, they could not have assumed the financial responsibility of an undertaking so serious PREFACE. ii as the present ; nor is it probable that any of their colleagues of the book-producing profession would have cared to take upon themselves a burden, in one sense, so exhausting. It was fortunate that the gentleman who conceived the idea of collecting these chronicles and of laying them before the public in an attractive form, possessed also the means ; fortunate, too, that, having the means to work out the idea, he was not afraid to use them. If the public finds THE TRIBUTE BOOK a welcome ad- dition to the shelf or the table, if it discovers that the frame is not altogether unworthy of the canvas, if it sees any reason to rejoice that American designers and engravers upon wood, American paper-makers, American printers and binders have been enabled, in the exercise of their several arts and handicrafts, to bestow a fitting dress upon a peculiarly American theme, it will doubtless be glad to know whom to thank. Mr. GEORGE JONES, once of Vermont, now of New York, one of the proprietors of the New York Times, is the projector and patron of this work. Without saying that the seventy millions' voluntary outlay will become seventy-one millions, if this enter- prise ends in disaster, we may hint that the responsibility is quite enough for one pair of shoulders, and that, large or small, it has been gallantly borne. THE TRIBUTE BOOK is offered to the public, in the belief that the records are of value, whether they have been skil- fully collected or not, and that the people, who, for four years, have been making history, will not regret that one phase of it is thus early committed to print. NEW YORK, August, 1865. Ill 111 rOT'^I^Pf "H \ ff\ to Engraved by Page . fylwutul Ho. Subject Designed by 1. TITLE .... . NABT . . RICHARDSON 2. ORNAMENTAL BORDER HOCIISTKIN BROSS .... 2 COPYRIGHT . . WILL . . TBBST .... 2 3 LETTERING . . . . . N. ORR .... 3 4. =. . . 4 . . . HITCHCOCK 7 5. DEDICATION WILL . . TRENT . . To FACF. 12 6. INITIAL LETTER . SDEABMAN . RICHARDSON . . 15 T. VALLEY FORGE . NAST DAVIS .... 20 8. LADIES OF PHILADELPHIA WORKING FOR I v BILLING 3 WASHINGTON'S ARMY . . . . J . RICHARDSON ... 22 9 VIGNETTE . . WILL . u ... 25 10. THE FIRST SUBSCRIPTION McLENAN . . . 26 11. INITIAL LETTER . . . . HITCHCOCK . 26 12. NEW BOOTS FOR OLD NAST . . DAVIS .... 40 13. THE FRIGATE VANDERBILT . . . FBSW . N. ORR . . . . 41 14. "THERE LET IT WAVE, AS IT WAVED OF OLD" Hows . . RICHARDSON ... 43 15. THE LADIES OF AUGUSTA TREATING THE) V NAST . THIRD MAINE TO DOUGHNUTS . . \ DAVIS .... 45 16. VIGNETTE . SHEABMAN . BRIGHTLY ... 69 17. SIX AND EIGHTY-SIX KNITTING FOR THE J v WHITE SOLDIEHS \ 8. OBB . , . .70 18. VIGNETTE . . . . SHEARMAN . RICHARDSON ... 76 Jfb. 19. 20. 21. Sutyect. THE UNITED STATES SANITARY COMMISSION . POETKAIT OF DR. BELLOWS THE SANITARY COMMISSION IN THE HOSPITAL BEFORE THE BATTLE Deifigned by NAST . WILL . NAST . FENN . Engraved l>y DAVIS BOUBETT & IIoOPt-R . N. OKR . . . Page . 77 77 . 85 87 22. ALERT WHITE . SS 23. SANITARY CHARADE: MET-A-PHYSICIAN McLENAN . RICHARDSON . 89 24 CHILDREN'S SOLDIERS' FAIR HOWARD . DAVIS . . . 9S 25. FAIR UPON A DOOR-STEP .... WHITE . . N. ORE . . . 101 26. PICKING BLACKBERRIES FOR THE SOLDIERS NAST . DAVIS . 103 27. OFFICE OF A SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY . . . . . . . Ill 28. VIGNETTE HEBRICK . N. ORR . 113 29. AID SOCIETY'S AID . . . . . 119 30. STRAWBERRY FESTIVAL FOB THE SOLDIERS . HOPPIN RICHARDSON . . - 121 31. MR. MURDOCK READING TO SOLDIERS IN A ) HOSPITAL f A. R. WAUD . . RICHARDSON . 127 32. MINUTE-MAN OF KALAMAZOO LUMLEY . 137 33. SANITARY CHARADE .... McLENAN . N. ORB . 14C 34. BUSY FINGERS HOPPIN " . . 157 35. INITIAL LETTER . . . HlTCUCOCK . . TRENT . 158 36. THE LAKE COUNTY DELEGATION . . CAKT RICHARDSON . 161 37. THE CHICAGO FAIR DINING-HALL . . V " '. . . 164 38. ELLSWORTH ZOUAVE DRILL .... NAST . DAVIS . 167 39. DISCOVERY OF A BALANCE OF ONE CENT . HOPPIN . . N. OBR . . 172 40. SANTA CLAUS ASSISTING THE LADIES OF) CINCINNATI f STEPHENS . RICHARDSON . ISO 41. COMMITTEE ON ENTERTAINMENT OF STRAX- ) GERS, AT WORK f McLENAN . BRIGHTLY . 182 42. WORK OF THE COMMITTEE ON EVERGREENS . FENN . N. ORR . 183 43. SALE OF CHRISTMAS TREES IN GREENWOOD 1 HEBRICK 184 HALL 1 44. VIGNETTE " u 189 45. THE BROOKLYN AND LONG ISLAND FAIR . McNEVIN . RICHARDSON . 190 46. THE OLD WOMAN WHO LIVED IN A SHOE WHITNEY . N. ORR . 194 47. NEW ENGLAND KITCHEN: A QUILTING PARTY . CHAPMAN . FlLMER . 197 ILLUSTRATIONS. No. Subject. 48. WAX FLOWERS AT THE BROOKLYN FAIR . 49. NEW ENGLAND KITCHEN: APPLE PARING 50. THE FAIR NEWSPAPERS .... 51. THE SUGAR PENDULUM .... 52. ARMORY OF THE 22D REGIMENT ARRANGED ) FOR THE METROPOLITAN FAIR . j 53. SANITA3Y VOTING 54. THE HEART 55. ILLUSTRAT PORTRAITS 56. EPISODE tt 57. VIGNETTE 58. VIGNETTE 59. VIGNETTE 60. VIGNETTE 61. VIGNETTE 62. VIGNETTE 63. VIGNETTE 64. VIGNETTE 65. VIGNETTE 66. SCENE IN 1 67. ILLUSTRAT PORTRAIT OF EDWIN BOOTH ... " PORTRAITS OF MRS. JOHN HOEY AND J. LES- ) V WILL . TER WALLACK . . . . . j 68. VIGNETTE . . . . . . HERRICK 69. TATTOO . . . ... . NAST . 70. SCENE OF THE GREAT CENTRAL FAIR OF) v LTTMLEY . PHILADELPHIA . . \ 11. MAKING BOUQUETS FOR THE FAIR . 72. SANITARY FAIR POST-OFFICE 73. MILITARY VASE .... 74. ILLUSTRATED PROGRAMME . 75. ONE DAY'S LABOR, ONE DAY'S INCOME Designed by Engraved by Page HOCHSTEIX RICHARDSON . 201 CHAPMAX . FlLJfEB . 203 WHITXET . N. OR:: . 209 HOPPIX . u . 217 WHITE HOGAX HOPPIX NAST . 219 :NG ..... NAST . . DAVIS .... 221 THE ANDES . . . HEBBICK , . N. ORB .... 223 IONCERT PROGRAMME . . McNsvix . RICHARDSOX To FACB 224 3OTTSCHALK AND BAKILI . WILL . " 224 riCS : ONLY TEN CENTS . . WHITE . . . N. ORR . . . . 225 . HOGAX .... 226 McLEXAX . BRIGHTLY . . . 227 ..... IIOGAN , . N. ORB .... 229 . . . . WHITE . 14 .... 233 ..... HEBRICK . . M .... 235 ..... HOGAX . " ... 236 HERRIOK . . . . . . 23S BILLINGS u ... 239 . . . HERRICE . , " ... 241 METROPOLITAN FAIR . . HOGAX u ... 241 JRAMATIC PROGRAMME . . McNKvrx . RICHABDSOX To FACE 242 242 242 . 244 245 N. ORB FlLMER N. ORE " .... 255 . . . 256 BOBBKTT it HOOPBK TO FACE 25S DAVIS u 2CO 10 ILLUSTRATIONS. JT0. 7G. Subject. VIGNETTE . Designed by FBNN Engraved by . N. ORK Page . 261 17. VIGNETTE , BILLINGS . IIOEY . V 262 78. VIGNETTE . . . . > ' ; ; HERRICK . N. ORR . . . 264 79. VIGNETTE HOGAN . ' . . . 26o 80. VIGNETTE HERKICK . " ' . . 267 81. VIGNETTE McLENAN . . . 268 82. VIGNETTE .... . ,. HOPPIN . . " . . . 270 83 VIGNETTE LUMLEY RlCUAEDSON . 271 84. VIGNETTE . . . . . . 272 85. SANITARY REAPER HBEEICK . N. OEU . . 278 86. A STAGE-COACH CONCERT IN IOWA CARY BRIGHTLY . . 280 87. MINNEHAHA FBNN . N. ORE . . 284 88. SCENE OP THE SECOND CHICAGO FAIR . . . . " . .286 9. THE WESTERN SANITARY COMMISSION SHEARMAN RlCIIAEDSON . 293 PORTRAIT OF JAMES E. YEATMAN WILL . . 293 90. MISSISSIPPI RIVER HOSPITAL STEAMER . NAST . DAVIS . . i 296 91 SOLDIERS' HOME AT MEMPHIS . FENN . N. OEE ' . . 298 92. SANITARY SODA IIOWLANI) . RICHARDSON . 308 93. A COMMITTEE ON LIVE STOCK . CAEY . .. . 309 94. CUTTING WOOD IN THE NORTHWEST FOR ) SOLDIERS' WIVES . . . J DABLET KlXGDON . . . 312 95. VIGNETTE . . . .-^i . t i HOCHSTEIN . . BEIGIITLY . .315 96. THE MAGIC LANTERN IN THE HOSPITAL A. R. WAUD . DAVIS . 316 97. INITIAL LETTER . . . . HOCHSTEIN . . N. ORE t . 322 98. Q. '.....-.- , . " '. . RICHARDSON . 327 99. 100. . N. ORB DA.VIS . . , . 334 -.: . 836 . 336 PORTRAIT OF GEORGE H. STUART WILL . 101. CHRISTIAN COMMISSION IN THE FIELD . BILLINGS . RlCUAEDSON . 341 102. A GUNBOAT SUBSCRIPTION IN AID OF THK i CHRISTIAN COMMISSION . . . \ EYTINGE . DAVIS . . 345 103. BALTIMORE PARALLELS .... NAST . FlLHER . 848 104. CHRISTIAN AND SANITARY TABLEAU : RE- 1 STEPHENS . N. ORB . . 858 BECCA AND ROWENA . ILLUSTRATIONS. 11 No. Subject. 105. ARMY COEPS CHAPEL, NEAR PETERSBURG 106. A LAY DELEGATE IN THE HOSPITAL . 107. THE NATIONAL FRESHMEN'S RELIEF ASSO- CIATION . iSSO- I 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. PORTRAIT OF FRANCIS G. SHAW . THE IDEAL FREEDMAN .... ORIGIN OF THE BIRD'S-NEST BANK . J . PARADE OF THE 20TH U. S. COLORED TROOPS ( IN NEW YORK ; . . . . ' THE GEORGE GRISWOLD, LADEN WITH BREADSTUFF3 . . V ' . , VIGNETTES OF MOUNT VERNON, SAVANNAH. AND THE CAPITOL .... PORTRAIT OF EDWARD EVERETT EAST TENNESSEE REFUGEES . EAST TENNESSEE THE AMERICAN UNION COMMISSION PORTRAIT OF DR. J. P. THOMPSON VIGNETTE THE RUINS OF CHAMBERSBURG . Designed by FENN . A. It. WAL-D SHEARMAN . WILL . CHAPMAN . HOPPIN . NAST . FENN . HixcncocK Engraved by N. ORB . RICHARDSON THE UNION VOLUNTEER REFRESHMENT SALOON [ENT | THE COOPER-SHOP REFRESHMENT SALOON A REGIMENT AT DINNER .... CITIZENS' UNION VOLUNTEER HOSPITAL FIRE AMBULANCE DRUM-STICKS OF TWO KINDS . , A SOLDIER'S BILL OF FARE BARRELLING APPLES FOR THE SOLDIERS THE NATIONAL SAILORS' HOME . ILLUSTRATED PROGRAMME . ONE REASON OUT OF FIFTY FOR A SAILORS- HOME . R A SAILORS' 1 FILMER BRIGHTLY . DAVIS . N. ORK RICHARDSON Page 860 . 863 266 . 866 871 . 874 381 . 3S3 887 VIGNETTES : THE FARRAGUT FUND PORTRAIT OF ADMIRAL FARRAGUT WILL . u 867 NAST . DAVIS .... 891 FENN N. ORR .... 400 SHEARMAN . RICHARDSON . 407 WILL . u 407 HOGAN N. ORR .... 411 FENN 412 HERBICK . ..... 415 FENN u 418 NAST . DAVIS .... 419 HOSIER . RICHARDSON 422 CABT HOEY .... 429 A. R. WAUD . KlNGDON . 481 HOPPIN N. ORR .... 437 BILLINGS FILMER .... 439 WHITNEY . N. ORB . 440 HOPPIN . " . To FACK 444 FENN . N. OBK .... 447 HITCHCOCK . RICHARDSON . 450 WILL . 450 12 ILLUSTRATIONS. Jfb. Subject. Designed by Engraved by Page 130. VIGNETTES: THE GE ANT FUND . . . HITCHCOCK . . N. ORB .... 455 PORTRAIT OF GENERAL GRANT . .- . WILL ... ' 455 131. THE KEARSARGE FUND . . . . FBHS ..." .... 457 PORTRAIT OF CAPTAIN WINSLOW . WILL ... " 457 132. THE SHERMAN FUND HITCHCOCK . .... 459 PORTRAIT OF GENERAL SHERMAN . . WILL ... " 459 133. WOMEN WORKING IN THE FIELD . . . NAST . . . DAVIS .... 461 134. THE PROCESSION OF THE SANITARY SACK . "... FILMEU . , ' . .464 135. NEVADA SCENEUY HOWLAXD . . RICHARDSON . . . 469 136. TEE GOLDEN CHICKEN OF MARYSVILLE . HOPPIN . . BEIGHTLT . . . .472 137. GETTING IN HAY FOR A SOLDIER'S WIFE . FB.VN . . . N. ORR .... 474 138. THE KEARNY CROSS .... LUMLEY . . RICHARDSON . . .475 139. SUBSCRIBERS TO THE FUND FOR THE RELIEF j > STEPHENS . . RICHARDSON . . . 477 OF FAMILIES OF POLICE VOLUNTEERS j 140 TWENTY-INCH GUN HEBRICK . . N. ORR .... 479 141. FITZ JAMES O'BRIEN . . . . . A. R. WAUD . DAVIS .... 480 142. THE PATRIOT ORPHAN HOME AT FLUSHING FENN N. ORB .... 484 143. PA, WHAT ARE YOU GOING TO DOI . . HOWARD . . RICHAKDSOX ... 487 144. THE WIDOW AND ORPHAN . . . HENNESSY . . BOBBETT & HOOPEB . . 4S9 145. A TRIBUTE TO PRESIDENT LINCOLN . . NAST . . . DAVIS To FACE 492 146 LETTERING WILL. . . N. ORB .... 493 147. " " " 507 CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. PAGE A GLANCE BACKWARD. INDIVIDUAL AID RENDERED TO THE ARMIES DURING THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION, . . . .' 15 CHAPTER II. MONEY AND MEN, . . . . . .26 CHAPTER III. THE EARLIER AID SOCIETIES, ........... 70 CHAPTER IV. THE UNITED STATES SANITARY COMMISSION, 77 CHAPTER V. AID SOCIETIES AUXILIARY TO THE SANITARY COMMISSION, Ill CHAPTER VI. SANITARY FAIRS, 158 CHAPTER VII. THE WESTERN SANITARY COMMISSION, 293 CHAPTER VIII. STATE SANITARY COMMISSIONS. LOCAL RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS, 316 CHAPTER IX. THE CHRISTIAN COMMISSION, 336 14 CONTENTS. CHAPTER X. THE NATIONAL FREEDMEN'S RELIEF ASSOCIATION, . . . . . . . 366 CHAPTER XI. INTERNATIONAL RELIEF, 383 CHAPTER XII. AID TO EAST TENNESSEE, . . . . . . . . , . . . 387 CHAPTER XIII. THE AMERICAN UNION COMMISSION, 407 CHAPTER XIV. THE CHAMBERSBURG AND SAVANNAH RELIEF FUNDS, 412 CHAPTER XV. REFRESHMENT SALOONS, SUBSISTENCE COMMITTEES, SOLDIERS' HOMES, ETC. THE FIRE AMBULANCE COMPANY OF PHILADELPHIA, 415 CHAPTER XVI. A THANKSGIVING DINNER IN THE ARM"? AND NAVY, 431 CHAPTER XVII. THE NATIONAL SAILORS' HOME, 440 CHAPTER XVIII. TESTIMONIALS TO DISTINGUISHED COMMANDERS, 450 CHAPTER XIX. MISCELLANIES : VARIOUS METHODS OF PROCURING MEANS, AND VARIOUS METHODS OF APPLYING THEM, 461 CHAPTER XX. SUMMARY, . 493 INDEX, 507 CHAPTEK I. A GLANCE BACKWARD. INDIVIDUAL AID RENDERED TO THE ARMIES DURING THE WAR OF THE REVOLUTION. HAT a nation may feel the deepest sympathy with its army, assuredly was not left to the American rebellion to prove ; but it certainly was reserved to our day to show how such sympathy may be rendered active and profitable. The troops of Hannibal and George III. may have felt that the hearts and prayers of their countrymen were with them, but it is not likely they ever expected from them any other aid. The Eoman matron placed her jewels upon the altar, and with this hasty sacrifice the service she could lend her country ended. The Carthaginian women cut off their hair and twisted it into bow-strings an honorable act, but one that was perhaps as soon repented of as done, and which certainly could not be repeated often in a lifetime. In other wars, a man once wounded was as the beasts that perish. Women have from time to time appeared upon the battle-field ; but their office was not to restore with oil or wine, but to release with rosary and crucifix. Within 16 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the last ten years we have seen a nation send forth an army to be literally swept away by disease, and we have seen that one woman only, with her attendants, was drawn from her home to the hospital by the harrowing spectacle. Now, as Americans are said to do what their hands find to do in a manner always original and generally effective, as there is nothing they abhor so much as the beaten track, especially when that track is strewn with the bones of other nations' failures, it is the purpose of these pages to show that they have made war, as they have utilized peace, after a method peculiarly their own ; that those whom the army left at home have been its doctors, caterers, and ministers ; that almost every family which has suffered the son and brother to gird on the knapsack, has placed the needle and the scissors in the hands of the daughter and mother ; that had Florence Nightin- gale been an American, her name, honorable and saint-like though it be, would have been known but as one in a noble sisterhood; and that the sacrifices made by those who have made them at all have not been the romantic impulse of a moment, but the sustained, patient labor of years ; not the abandonment of personal ornament alone, but the bidding farewell for a time to the comforts of home and the allurements of wealth. But, before entering upon this phase of our history, a moment's retrospective glance at the War of the Eevolution, and a word or two upon the sympathy existing in "Washington's time between the army and the people, will not be out of place. We shall find that the seeds of bounty and defence fund, of aid society and sanitary commission, were sown in a fruitful soil as early as 1776. Five or six years before this time, however, the women of the country had set the example of discouraging the importation of goods from abroad. Re- trenchment was naturally the first measure of preparation for the impending change in the condition of the colonies, and for the struggle by which it might be attended. The newspapers of the time were filled with incidents of the self-denial of women ; and the following homely appeal to the ladies was evidently made by one of their sex : " First, then, throw aside your topknots of pride, Wear none but your own country linen ; Of economy boast, let your pride be the most To show clothes of your own make and spinning. " What if homespun, they say, is not quite so gay As brocades, yet be not in a passion ; For when once 'tis known this is much worn in town, One and all will cry out, 'tis the fashion ! RETRENCHMENT. TEA-DRINKING. 17 "And as we all agree, that you'll not married be To such as will wear London factory, But at first sight refuse tell 'em such you will choose As encourage our own manufactory." This allusion to what was the fashion in the cities, perhaps suits revolu- tionary times better than it does our own. The effect of appeals such as these, and of the resolve from which they sprang, was marked, and has no counterpart in our day whatever ; the imports of English goods into American ports decreased from 2,400,000 in 1768 to 1,600,000 in 1769. The records are unanimous in attributing this decline, thirty-three per cent, in one year, to the good sense, patriotism, and self-denial of the women. In a letter written by a lady of Philadelphia to a British officer in Boston, late in 1775, the following passage occurred : " I have retrenched every superfluous expense in my table and family ; tea I have not drunk since last Christmas, nor bought a new cap or gown since your defeat at Lexington ; and, what I never did before, I have learned to knit, and am now making stockings of American wool for my servants ; and in this way do I throw in my mite to the public good. I know this, that as free I can die but once, but as a slave I shall not be worthy of life. I have the pleasure to assure you that these are the sentiments of all my sister Americans. They have sacrificed assemblies, parties of pleasure, tea-drinking, finery, to that great spirit of patriotism that actuates all degrees of people throughout this extensive continent. If these are the sentiments of females, what must glow in the breasts of our husbands, brothers, and sons !" The selfishness of those who could not find it in their souls to abstain from any indulgence, was thus hit off in a communication to the Pennsylvania Journal : " The PETITION of divers OLD WOMEN of the City of Philadelphia humbly showeth : That your petitioners, as well spinsters as married, having been long accustomed to the drinking of tea, fear it will be utterly impossible for them to exhibit so much patriotism as wholly to disuse it. Your petitioners beg leave to observe, that having done already all possible harm to their nerves and health with this delectable herb, they shall think it extremely hard not to enjoy it for the remainder of their lives. Your petitioners would further represent, that coffee and chocolate, or any other substitute hitherto proposed, they humbly apprehend, from their heaviness, must destroy that brilliancy of fancy and fluency of expression usually found at tea-tables, when they are handling the conduct or character of their absent acquaintances. 18 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Your petitioners are also informed there are several old women of the other sex laboring under the like difficulties, who apprehend the above restriction will be wholly insupportable ; and that it is a sacrifice infinitely too great to be made to save the lives, liberties, and privileges of any country whatever. Your petitioners only pray for an indulgence to those spinsters whom age or ugliness has rendered desperate in the expectation of husbands ; to those of the married, whose infirmities and ill-behavior have made their husbands long since tired of them ; and to those old women of the male gender who will most naturally be found in such company. And your petitioners, as in duty bound, will ever pray." Thus those who did drink tea were ridiculed, and the following lines show that those who did not were threatened : " O Boston wives and maids, draw near and see Our delicate Souchong and Hyson tea. Buy it, my charming girls, fair, black, and brown , If not, we'll cut your throats and burn your town." But something more than self-denial was now required. The follow- ing appeal was posted in the streets of Philadelphia on the 9th of August. 1775: " To the spinners in this city, the suburbs, and country : Your services are now wanted to promote the AMERICAN MANUFACTORY, at the corner of Market and Ninth streets, where cotton, wool, flax, &c., are delivered out. Strangers, who apply, are desired to bring a few lines, by way of recom- mendation, from some respectable person in their neighborhood." Upon this appeal, the Pennsylvania Journal made the following com- ments : " One distinguishing characteristic of an excellent woman, as given by the wisest of men, is, ' That she seeketh wool and flax, and worketh willingly with her hands to the spindle, and her hands hold the distaff.' In this time of public distress, you have now, each of you, an opportunity not only to help to sustain your families, but likewise to cast your mite into the treasury of the public good. The most feeble effort to help to save the state from ruin, when it is all you can do, is, as the widow's mite, entitled to the same reward as they who, of their abundant abilities, have cast in much." The New York Gazette, of July 29th, 1776, chronicled the marriage of a Mr. Flint with a Miss Slate, declaring them to be an agreeable and happy pair, and added : VALLEY FORGE. 19 " What deserves the public notice, and may serve to encourage the manu- factures of this country, is, that the entertainment, though served up with good wine and other spirituous liquors, was the production of their fields and fruit-gardens, assisted alone by a neighboring grove of spontaneous maples. The bride and her two sisters appeared in very genteel-like gowns, and others of the family in handsome apparel, with sundry silk handkerchiefs, &c., entirely of their own manufacture." Smythe's Diary, of March 1st, 1777, contained the following squib : "A deserter from the rebel army at Westchester, who came into New York this morning, says that the Congress troops are suffering extremely for food and rum ; that there is not a whole pair of breeches in the army ; and that the last news from Mr. Washington's camp was, that he had to tie his up with strings, having parted with the buttons to buy the necessaries of life. At a frugal dinner lately given by the under officers in Heath's command, but seven were able to attend ; some for the want of clean linen, but the most of them from having none other than breeches past recovery." Washington's army retired, in the winter of 1777, to Valley Forge ; its sufferings here were so great that the Commander-in-Chief was forced to make a requisition upon the people for supplies and clothing. The neglect of some of the people of Jersey and Pennsylvania to furnish the portion required of them excited much comment. The New Jersey Gazette, of December 31st, contained the following suggestion, written by Governor William Livingston, and signed " Hortentius :" " I am afraid that while we are employed in furnishing our battalions with clothing, we forget the county of Bergen, which alone is sufficient amply to provide them with winter waistcoats and breeches, from the redundance and superfluity of certain woollen habits, which are at present applied to no kind of use whatsoever. It is well known that the rural ladies in that part of New Jersey pride themselves in an incredible number of petticoats, which, like house furniture, are displayed by way of ostentation, for many years before they are decreed to invest the fair bodies of the proprietors. Till that period they are never worn, but neatly piled up on each side of an immense escritoire, the top of which is decorated with a most capacious brass-clasped Bible, seldom read. What I would, therefore, humbly propose to our superiors is, to make prize of these future female habiliments, and, after proper transformation, immediately apply them to screen from the inclemencies of the weather those gallant males who are now fighting for the liberties of their country. And to clear this measure from every imputation of injustice, I have only to observe, 20 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. VALLEY FORGE. that the generality of women in that county having for above a century worn the breeches, it is highly reasonable that the men should now, and especially upon so important an occasion, make booty of the petticoats." The condition of Washington's army, in the winter of 1779-80, is thus described in "Thatcher's Journal," of January 1st: " The sufferings of the poor soldiers can scarcely be described ; at night they have a bed of straw upon the ground, and a single blanket to each man ; they are badly clad, and some are destitute of shoes. The snow is from five to six feet deep, which so obstructs the roads as to prevent our receiving a supply of provisions. We are frequently for six or eight days destitute of AID FROM NEW JERSEY. 21 meat, and then as long without bread. It is well known that General "Wash- ington experiences the greatest solicitude for his army, and is sensible that they in general conduct with heroic patience and fortitude. His Excellency, it is understood, despairing of supplies from the commissary-general, has made application to the magistrates of the State of New Jersey for assistance in procuring provisions. This expedient has been attended with the happiest success. It is honorable to the magistrates as well as to the people of Jersey that they have cheerfully complied with the requisition, and furnished for the present an ample supply, and have thus probably saved the army from destruction." The ladies of Trenton, New Jersey, met, in emulation of the example of other portions of the state, on the 4th of July, 1780, for the purpose of promoting a subscription for the relief and encouragement of the Continental Army. Taking into consideration the scattered situation of the well disposed throughout the State, and for their convenience, they unanimously appointed Mrs. Cox, Mrs. Dickinson, Mrs. Furman, and Miss Cadwallader a committee, whose duty it should be immediately to open subscriptions, with ladies to be thereafter named, requesting their aid and influence in the several districts. Some fifty ladies were then chosen such as Mrs. Counsellor Condict, Mrs. Colonel Scudder, Mrs. Parson Jones, Mrs. Peter Cov.enhoven, Mrs. Governor Livingston, Mrs. Doctor Burnet, Mrs. Colonel Hugg "whose well known patriotism," said the gazette chronicling the movement, "leaves no room to doubt of their best exertions in a cause so humane and praiseworthy ; and that they will be happy in forwarding the amount of their several collections, either with or without the names of the donors, which will be immediately transmitted by Mrs. Moore Furman, who is hereby appointed treasurer, to be disposed of by the Commander-in-Chief according to the general plan." In November, 1780, the ladies of Philadelphia made a systematic effort in behalf of the army. An article published in the newspapers of the day, signed " An American Woman," exerted a powerful influence. From this appeal we take the following passage : " If I live happy in the midst of my family ; if my husband cultivates his field and reaps his harvest in peace ; if, surrounded by my children, I myself nourish the youngest and press it to my bosom ; if the house in which we dwell, our farms, our orchards, are safe from the hands of the incendiary, it is to you, brave Americans, that we owe it. And shall we hesitate to evidence to you our gratitude ? Shall we hesitate to wear a clothing more simple, hair dressed less elegantly, when, at the price of this small privation, we shall 22 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. deserve your benedictions? Who among us will not renounce with the highest pleasure those vain ornaments ? The time is arrived to display the same sentiments which animated us at the beginning of the Eevolution, when we renounced the use of teas, however agreeable to our taste, rather than receive them from our persecutors ; when our republican and laborious hands spun the flax and prepared the linen intended for the use of the soldiers ; when, exiles and fugitives, we supported with courage all the evils which are the concomitants of war. Let us not lose a moment ; let us all be engaged to offer the homage of our gratitude at the altar of military valor." LADIES OF PHILADELPHIA WORKING FOB WASHINGTON'S AEMT. The women of Philadelphia, assembling at this inspiring call, divided the city into districts, and then, apportioning the labor, visited every house and received its contribution. The total amount of these collections is given in the records of the time as $300,766, in currency. Those who could give supplies more conveniently than money did so, and one item of two thousand one hundred and seven shirts is mentioned as having been made AID FROM PHILADELPHIA. 23 by nimble Philadelphia fingers. "Such free-will offerings," exclaimed the gallant Thatcher, " are examples truly worthy of imitation, and ought to be recorded to the honor of American ladies." The spirit of emulation was soon kindled in the neighboring State of Maryland. Mrs. Lee, wife of his Excellency the Governor, wrote to ladies residing in different portions of the state, begging them to act as treasurers in their respective districts. Baltimore soon responded with six hundred shirts, and the county of Dorset with thirty pounds in specie. Annapolis sent in over sixteen thousand dollars, some ladies giving two, some five, and some twenty guineas in coin. Here, plainly, is the suggestion of the Aid Society and Eelief Association of 1861. But, in spite of all that had been done, the army was in actual danger of dissolution for want of provisions to keep it together. In this emergency, a number of patriotic gentlemen in Philadelphia signed bonds to the amount of two hundred and fifty thousand pounds, in coin, for procuring supplies. Food and clothing were thus obtained ; and it is perhaps not too much to say, that without this act of munificence American independence would not have been achieved. There is probably no other example in history of results so tremendous flowing from spontaneous, individual contributions to a cause. We give a portion of the names ; and the reader will see, as he progresses in the record of Philadelphia generosity, that the descendants of those who signed bonds in 1780 have signed many similar papers in 1861-5 : Eobert Morris 10,000 B. McOlennigan 10,000 A. Bunner & Co 6,000 Zouch Francis 5,500 James Wilson 5,000 Wm. Bingham 5,000 Richard Peters 5,000 Samuel Meredith 5,000 James Meare 5,000 Thomas Barclay. . 5,000 Samuel Morris, Jr 5,000 Robert Hooper 5,000 Hugh Shields 5,000 Philip Moore 5,000 Matthew Irwin 5,000 John Benzet 5,000 Henry Hill 5,000 John Morgan 5,000 Thomas Willing 5,000 Samuel Powell 5,000 John Nixson 5,000 Robert Bridge 4,000 John Dunlap 4,000 Wm. Coates 4,000 Emanuel Eyre 4,000 James Bodden 4,000 John Mease 4,000 Joseph Carson 4,000 Thomas Leiper 4,000 Kean & Nichols 4,000 Samuel Morris 3,000 Isaac Moses 3,000 Chas. Thompson 3,000 John Pringle 3,000 Samuel Mills 3,000 Cad. Morris 2,500 Matt. Clarkson 2,500 Joseph Reed 2,000 24 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Benjamin Rush 2,000 John Bullock 2,000 Owen Biddle 2,000 Twenty-seven subscriptions of John Mitchell 2,000 2,000 each 54,000 Robert Knox 2,000 Nine subscriptions of 1,000 John Wharton 2,000 each 9,000 Total 250,500 Notwithstanding this munificent tribute, and the momentous consequences it produced, encomiums seem to have been exclusively lavished upon the women, and General Washington led the chorus. In a letter of acknowledg- ment to a committee of ladies, he wrote : " The army ought not to regret its sacrifices or its sufferings, when they meet with so flattering a reward as in the sympathy of your sex ; nor can it fear that its interests will be neglected, when espoused by advocates as power- ful as they are amiable." An officer wrote from camp : " The patriotism of the women of your city is a subject of conversation with the army. Had I poetical genius I would sit down and write an ode in praise of it. Burgoyne, who, on his first coming to America, boasted that he would dance with the ladies and coax the men into submission, must now have a better understanding of the good sense and public spirit of our females, as he has already had of the fortitude and inflexible temper of our men." "It is needless," says the Pennsylvania Packet, " to repeat the encomiums that have been already given to the females for their exertions. Every Whig mind must be sensible that they deserve the highest praise. The women of every part of the globe are under obligations to those of America, for having shown that females are capable of the highest political virtue. We cannot help imagining what some learned and elegant historian, the Hume of the future America, when he comes to write the affairs of these times, will say on the subject. In a history, which we may suppose to be published about the year 1820, may be found a paragraph to the following purpose : " ' The treasury was now exhausted, and the army in want of the neces- saries of life and clothing, when the women gave a respite to our affairs by one of those exertions which will forever do honor to the sex. In the state of simplicity and plainness in which our country then was, they had not ear-rings and bracelets to give, in imitation of the Eoman ladies on a like occasion ; but they presented gold and silver, and what share of the paper money had come into their hands. This was laid out in linens, and shirts were made by their hands for the use of the soldiery. PATRIOTISM OF WOMEN. 25 "'Mrs. Reed, of Pennsylvania, the lady of the then President, a most amiable woman, was the first to patronize the measure. Mrs. Lee, of Mary- land, lady of the Governor of that state, a woman of excellent accomplish- ments, was, in her state, the next to receive the patriotic flame and give it popularity among her sex. " ' Mrs. Washington, of Virginia, lady of his Excellency the Commander- in-Chief, was equally favoring to it in her state. The Jerseys had been already warmed by the example of the virtue of Pennsylvania, and the females of that state, &c., &c., &c.' " A verse or two from the lyrics of the day will fitly conclude this chain of panegyric : "OUK WOMEN. " Accept the tribute of our warmest praise, The soldier's blessing and the patriot's bays ! For Fame's first plaudit we no more contest, Constrain'd to own it decks the female breast. "Then Freedom's ensign, thus inscrib'd, shall wave, ' The patriot females who their country save;' Till time's abyss, absorb'd in heavenly lays, Shall flow in your eternity of praise." We have made these brief extracts from the chronicles of the day, to show that, even three quarters of a century ago, the impoverished resources of the state were eked out from the means and purses of individuals ; and, descending from their time to ours, to provoke a comparison between what was done by the nation in its manhood and in its day of small things. CHAPTEE II. MONEY AND MEN. THE FIRST SUBSCRIPTION. HE iruvjestic spectacle of a nation flying to arms was offered to the world in America, in the month of April, 1861, under unusual conditions. Yast as was the ex- panse of territory involved in the question at issue, widely separated as were the points that were called upon to bear their share of the common burden and to offer up their sacrifices upon a common altar, all sense of time and distance, all waiting for the effect to follow the cause, were lost or forgotten in the operations of an invention, which, though no longer a novelty or a marvel, had never played such a part before. Stage-coaches carried the lingering mail that apprised the Americans of 1775 of the injustice and oppression of the mother country ; while the Massachusetts militia were fighting at Lexington, AN ARMY IN RESERVE. 27 the citizens of Philadelphia were deprecating bloodshed. Forty years later, a sanguinary battle was fought after peace was declared, and men heard first of the fight or the treaty, according as they were nearer to New Orleans or New York. But in 1861 the telegraph brought the whole country into presence, and the nation stood forth, literally, acting as one man, and visible, incarnated in one thought, before itself and in the gaze of all mankind. Vil- lages in the heart of the land counted the guns as they were fired at Sumter, and the burning of the barracks was lamented in the valleys and in the mountains, not as a calamity of yesterday, but as a sore distress of to-day. The newspapers of the 15th of April were no local chronicles ; true, the Moss- side Gazette told what was thought and done at Moss-side, but it also told what had been lost at Charleston, what had been sworn at the capital, who had enlisted in Bath, and what was pledged in Hull, how the glove dropped on Sullivan's Island had been picked up by the Briarean arm of twenty states, how the New England village, the prairie settlement, and the Atlantic seaport had severally welcomed the ordeal. As if a mirage had lifted the regions below the horizon into sight, and they had been set upon a hill that the whole people might see them, so did the electric wire, summoning an audience of the country, set before it, from the sea to the Father of Waters, the brief story of treason ; the whole people were warned of the now accomplished rebellion, while the mail of other days would have travelled a league. With but one phase of the splendid unanimity which was the character- istic of the times, we have, in these chronicles, to deal. Others will narrate the terrible story of those who went to the wars ; it is our humble province to collect the less stirring records of those who stayed behind. We shall have to show that, in spite of all denials on the part of merely military men, there was, in reality, an army in reserve : and that this army, though not furnishing re-enforcements, precisely, provided what was often as good aid, comfort, succor, sympathy ; joining faith with works, it labored and prayed. The im- pulse that sent one man into the ranks, was essentially the same as that impelling another who could not go to aid those who did. All were alike drawn to make some sacrifice, one of his person, perhaps his life, another of his goods, perhaps his hoards. Here and there a man able to go was also able to give ; witness the Ehode Island millionaire, who enlisted as a private and paid the outfit of his comrades ; witness the Connecticut farmers, who not only went themselves, but took their hired men with them. That the two impulses were the same is shown conclusively by the course of events in California. The distance of that state from the scene, and the consequent expense of 28 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. transportation incapacitating her from furnishing soldiers, it would be reason- able to expect her to assume a double share of the voluntary burden, and this is precisely what she has done. Furnishing few men, she has provided money ; not being called upon for the muscle, she has sent the sinews, of war. We do not mean to impugn the generosity or liberal public spirit of the people of California far from it : we only mean that having but one vent for her pent-up wrath, that one outlet has given her as much relief as if she had had two, and had used them both. Called upon for no quota, she has sent, or will send, if asked, a quantum sufficit. Had she been summoned to furnish thirty thousand men, her bounty would have found other channels than those in which it has flowed. Therefore, the two actions are one, and this record of what they did who stayed behind, is twin to that of those who shouldered the musket. Leaving to be considered in another place all movements looking to the preservation of health in the army, and the proper treatment of the sick, we examine here the other two phases of the voluntary action of the people the effort to promote enlistments, and the measures taken to aid the families of volunteers. The city of Lowell, Massachusetts, claims to have set so many honorable examples to the country in the month of April, 1861, that it is well to consider them in this connection. The following things it is asserted that Lowell was the first to do : the first to send forth a regiment to the defence of Washington ; the first to shed the blood of traitors who sought to bar the way ; the first to offer a sacrifice of her sons upon the altar of the country ; the first to set on foot individual subscriptions in behalf of the soldiers ; the first to form a Soldiers' Aid Society, and the first to hold a Sanitary Fair. It would be glory enough for Lowell if she could substantiate her claim to but one of these honorable positions ; but against her holding all six of them, Charlestown and New York enter a formal protest. That the Massachusetts Sixth, a Lowell regiment, was the first in the field, and that in its collision with the mob in Baltimore the first blood on either side was spilled, are mat- ters of history ; that Lowell held a Sanitary Fair as early as January, 1863, can be readily shown ; but the other two claims are not so easily justified. What is urged in their defence may be briefly stated thus : The President's requisition for troops reached Lowell on the afternoon of the 15th of April, and the next morning, at nine o'clock, the companies com- posing the Sixth Eegiment began to arrive at the station. A public meeting of citizens was held, and the troops were addressed by Mayor Sargeant and others. The regiment left at noon for Boston. Two days after, on the 18th, WHO WAS FIRST? 29 Judge Crosby, a distinguished resident of the city, fearing that, through haste and inexperience, the men would find many of their necessary wants unsup- plied, sent a note to the mayor, inclosing his check for one hundred dollars, with a request that the money might be at once sent to the paymaster, for the account of the regiment. Judge Crosby also suggested the formation of a society " to furnish paymasters with money and such supplies for the sick and wounded in camp as rations and medicine-chests cannot provide." The mayor laid the matter before the City Council that evening, and took up a subscription as suggested five hundred dollars, besides Judge Crosby's one hundred, being thus obtained. This was the 18th, and this is Lowell's claim. Unfortunately or rather fortunately, that the City of Spindles may not mo- nopolize the honors a subscription started to set the Seventh New York promptly in the field, on the 17th, stood thus at nightfall, and was afterwards increased ; NATIONAL GUARD. The undersigned agree to pay the sums set opposite our names for the Seventh Regi- ment, to enable them to place themselves in the position of service and defence : Moses H. Grinnell $100 George B. De Forest 100 L. B. Cannon 100 E. Minturn 100 S. B. Chittenden 100 Moses Taylor 100 Theodore Dehon 100 Ogden Haggerty 100 Wm. M. Evarts 100 G. S. Robbins 100 George Griswold 100 John A. Stevens 100 James Gallatin 100 E. Walker & Sons 100 H. E. Durham 100 Hamilton Fish 100 Total.. Robert B. Minturn $100 C. R. Robert 100 Royal Phelps 100 Charles H. Russell 100 W. D. F. Manice 100 George W. Blunt 100 James H. Titus 100 William Curtis Noyes 100 Shepherd Knapp 100 Charles H. Marshall 100 A. V. Stout 100 S. Wetmore 100 R. M. Blatchford 100 Thomas Addis Emmett 100 John A. 0. Gray 100 .$3,100 A careful examination of all the facts would seem to show that the above was indeed the first subscription list in point of date, to which the rebellion gave birth ; and if the names, as printed, are in the order in which they were signed, as they doubtless are, the interesting question of priority is easily settled. In respect to the claim of Lowell, that the first Soldiers' Aid Society was organized in that city, it may be merely stated here, leaving the details to a 30 THE TRIBUTE BOOK future chapter, that the Bunker Hill Society of Charlestown also makes the claim, and, we think, with stronger proofs. It was in this manner that the voluntary giving of money commenced. To put the troops in the field was of course the first necessity, and as money was needed immediately, money given was more useful than money appropriated. Within ten days from the President's call, nearly every town in the loyal states had held its public meeting and had set on foot a war fund, raised by private contributions. Large sums were voted by legislatures, councils, and other representative bodies ; but the sums which form our subject were those which were freely given, beyond and outside of all appropriations. Sums appropriated have been, or are to be, refunded by the government, and thus go to swell the national debt; of those considered here the givers desire no re- imbursement The President had called for seventy-five thousand men, to serve for three months, and these were to consist of the militia organizations already in exist- ence. Few of them were full, but each was a nucleus upon which to build the minimum or maximum. The first expenses to be met were those con- nected with recruiting, while the wants of the newly enlisted men often five hundred in a regiment required large sums to meet them. Many recruits, especially in city regiments, found their own outfits ; those unable to do so, and who had nothing to give but their services, found in the regimental fund the means of obtaining the proper clothing and accessories. In the country, where a regimental district often sent but one regiment, the bounty of the people could follow but one channel ; but in the cities, where several regiments were to be fitted out, each giver could choose what direction his gift should take ; a patron of the Fifth would subscribe to the fund of the Fifth, while he whose sympathies were with the Eighth would signify it by his acts ; those who had no preference and looked upon all alike, aided all alike, if Providence had but blessed their store. The Frenchman resident in New York would naturally, if he had either sympathy or specie to spare, bestow them upon the Fifty-fifth. The Irishman's interest, as well as his offering, would be the portion of the Sixty-ninth ; and the canny Scotchman, opening his purse and his heart to the Highlanders, would endow the Seventy -ninth. Eivalry and favoritism played a useful part, and many city regiments, their subscription fund well filled, departed with a muster-roll correspondingly replete. The whole country gave heartily, lavishly, and, what is better, sufficiently ; as long as money was wanted, it was readily obtained ; and when the three months' regiments were dispatched, and the raising of others to serve for two and three THE EARLY OFFERINGS. 31 years was commenced, the country still gave, not with diminished, but with augmented zeal ; and while legislators appropriated and select-men taxed, private citizens plied check-book and purse as cheerily as ever, and soldiers' money was always to be had for the asking. Those who could not give money, made contributions in kind. Here a dealer in tinware offered to equip a company or two with cup and plate ; there an artificer in leather proposed to furnish visors, straps, and belts for a cer- tain number of suits. A Jersey City patriot, Mr. Jesse Wandel, gave a meal to ninety -three horses of Khode Island artillery and made no charge. Trades- men persuaded their clerks to enlist, promising to continue their salary and keep their places. The owners of large unoccupied buildings besought regi- ments to use them as drill-rooms and to pay no rent. Dealers in mattresses furnished bedding ; manufacturers of the weed supplied tobacco for regimental and company use ; druggists contributed of their stock to medicine-chest and surgical table. Mr. J. W. Farmer, of New York, spread his famous Ludlow- street board for men in uniform ; he afterwards sent a ton of sugar-plums to Fortress Monroe, and gave the garrison a spoonful each. Later, again, he distributed thirty barrels of tobacco to the army of Virginia. A gentleman of Providence destroyed a lately purchased ticket for Liverpool, saying he would see a little more of the southern portion of his own country before visiting the south of Europe. A clergyman resigned his charge to become chaplain of a regiment ; the congregation refused the resignation, gave their pastor a furlough, supplied his place, continued his salary, and presented him with one hundred dollars for his outfit Aid was thus rendered in methods sometimes simple, often ingenious and indirect. So much was done under the rose, so much was a matter of private agreement between those who aided others and those who were so aided, so much has been forgotten and so little was ever recorded, that it is quite impossible to say, at this day, what amount these private subscriptions reached. Such estimates as have been made will appear in the general tabular views at the close of the volume. The practice of recruiting by regiments having fallen into disuse of late, it may not be clearly remembered by all in what way ready money was essential during the first two years of the war. The government, which now takes each individual recruit as he enlists, uniforms him at once, and makes what instant disposition of him it chooses, had previously received men from the states by regiments, mustering them in by companies when filled to the minimum. Young men seeking a lieutenant's commission were obliged to raise a certain number of men, and the moment they had secured a single 32 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. recruit, their expenses began, for the recruit looked to them for lodging and subsistence. A captain, and the lieutenants under him, were compelled to support their company till it numbered eighty-four men ; then the govern- ment mustered them in, and became responsible for them. There were many other casual, but constant, calls for money, though this was by far the most urgent. Many officers thus spent all their means; others, who have since proved their value, possessing no property, would have been lost to the ser- vice had it not been for the war funds raised by subscription throughout the land. One of the most remarkable and useful of these was the fund raised in New York, and intrusted to a body of men known as the Union Defence Committee. Although the principal labor of this committee was the disburs- ing of a million of dollars appropriated by the city of New York, yet a large sum was also raised by subscription, and the two were merged together. The history of one portion of this fund is therefore the history of both. The origin of the Union Defence Committee was in this wise : A mass meeting of the citizens of New York had been convened in Union Square on Saturday, the 20th of April. The Massachusetts Sixth had made its bloody passage through Baltimore the day before ; the Seventh New York was on its way from Philadelphia to Annapolis ; the Massachusetts Eighth was on the eve of leaving Boston. These were but as drops in the sea, and it was considered imperatively necessary to dispatch ten thousand men, if possible, during the coming week. Some means must be taken to collect, equip, and forward these men ; concerted and united action was indispensable. A committee was therefore appointed, consisting originally of twenty-six, and subsequently of thirty-two members. The resolutions adopted stated the duty of this committee to be " to represent the citizens in the collection of funds, and the transaction of such other business in aid of the movements of the government as the public interest may require." It is apparent from this that the business of the committee, as viewed at the outset, was merely the dis- bursement of money raised by subscription ; but, as has been said, the city appropriation was also intrusted to their management The committee was organized as follows : JOHN" A. Dix, Chairman, CHARLES II. MARSHALL, SIMEON DRAPER, Vice-CKn, EGBERT H. McCiiRDY, WILLIAM M. EVARTS, Secretary, MOSES H. GRINNELL, THEODORE DEHON, Treasurer, KOYAL PHELPS, MOSES TAYLOR, WM. E. DODGE, THE UNION DEFENCE FUND. 33 EICHARD M. BLATCHFORD, GREENE C. BRONSON, EDWARDS PIERREPONT, HAMILTON FISH, ALEX. T. STEWART, WM. F. HAVEMEYER, SAMUEL SLOAN, CHARLES H. EUSSELL, JOHN JACOB ASTOR, JR., JAS. T. BRADY, JOHN J. Cisco, EUDOLPH A. WITTHAUS, JAS. S. WADSWORTH, ABIEL A. Low, ISAAC BELL, PROSPER M. WETMORE, JAMES BOORMAN, A. C. EICHARDS, The Mayor of the City of New York, The Comptroller of the City of New York, The President of the Board of Aldermen, The President of the Board of Councilmen. The subscriptions received on the first working day, Monday, the 22d, were nearly $35,000 ; additions were constantly made to the fund till it reached hard upon $180,000. The committee held forty-eight meetings in the first twenty-nine days ; and at the close of the year had assisted, in a greater or less degree, in placing sixty-six regiments in the field. This is not the place, nor has the time yet come, to attempt to estimate the services rendered the country by this committee. Their own claim may be safely granted, that they placed an army in the field, equipped for the defence of the nation, in a shorter space of time, and with less expenditure of money, than, so far as any record shows, had ever before been accomplished by any govern- ment, no matter how great its power, how abundant its resources, or how urgent its call to action. In due time more than this will probably appear : that to the energy of this committee, and to the intrepidity with which, in one pressing strait, they cut through forms and circumlocution, the country is indebted for the safety of Washington, and for the preservation of our most important stronghold, Fortress Monroe. The list of subscribers to the Union Defence Fund being one of the most interesting of the war, we make no apology for introducing it here : THE TJXION DEFENCE FUND, APKIL AND MAY, 1861. Wm. B. Astor $15,000 00 James Gordon Bennett $3,000 00 Alexander T. Stewart 10,000 00 P. Lorillard. . , 3,000 00 James Lenox 5,000 00 W. W. De Forest 3,000 00 Proceeds of a sale of pictures . . 4,498 00 John D. Wolfe 2,000 00 Benkard & Hutton 3,000 00 N. Y. Mutual Insurance Co 2.000 00 3 34 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Third Avenue Railroad Com- pany, by "W. A. Darling, President $2,000 00 Grinnell, Minturn & Co 2,000 00 Brown, Brothers & Co 2,000 00 Charles H. Marshall 2,000 00 Whelps, Dodge & Co 2,000 00 Howland & Aspinwall 2,000 00 Hamilton Fish 1,500 00 John Bridge 1,500 00 Peter Cooper 1,500 00 James Boorman 1,000 00 A. A. Low 1,000 00 Col. Lamed 1,000 00 F. Bronson 1,000 00 A. Iselin & Co 1,000 00 Sturges, Bennet & Co 1,000 00 Alsop & Chauncey 1,000 00 Roosevelt & Son 1,000 00 N. Y. Steam Sugar Refining Co . 1,000 00 August Belmont & Co 1,000 00 George Griswold, Jr 1,000 00 J. K A. Griswold 1,000 00 A. A. Low & Brothers 1,000 00 Maitland, Phelps & Co 1,000 00 Hoyt, Spragues & Co 1,000 00 Chas. R. Snyder 1,000 00 Hendricks & Brothers 1,000 00 H. C. De Rham 1,000 00 J. F. D. Lanier 1,000 00 Meigs & Greenleaf 1,000 00 J. Boorman Johnston & Co 1,000 00 Goodhue & Co 1,000 00 Saml. Wetmore 1,000 00 New York Tribune Association 1,000 00 R. L. Lord 1,00000 G. S. Robbins & Sons 1,000 00 Joseph Sampson 1,000 00 John & D. Jackson Steward. . . 1,000 00 Robert Bayard 1,000 00 W. Proctor 1,000 00 New York and Sandy Hook Pilots 1,000 00 Tradesmen's Bank, by R. Perry, President 1,000 00 Eli White 1,000 00 J. E. Woolsey 1,000 00 John Caswell & Co 1,000 00 Alex. Duncan 1,000 00 Duncan, Sherman & Co 1,000 00 E. G. & T. H. Faile 1,000 00 Naylor & Co 1,000 00 Lorillard Spencer $1,000 00 Wm. C. Rhinelander 1,000 00 "Wm. Watson & Co 1,00000 Charles R. Lynde 1,000 00 Win. A. Booth 800 00 Thomas Suffern 750 00 Fred. A. Benjamin 500 00 Walden Pell 500 00 D. & A. C. Kingsland 500 00 Wm. B. Crosby 50000 A. P. Pillot & Son 500 00 Benedict, Burr & Benedict 500 00 R. R. Graves & Co 50000 Olyphant & Co., of Canton, China 500 00 John Allen, Jr., President West- ern Transportation Co., Buf- falo 500 00 Sullivan, Randolph & Budd. ... 500 00 Marcuse & Baltzer 500 00 Benjamin Aymar 500 00 Aymar & Co 500 00 Edward Banker 500 00 John Munroe & Co 500 00 Degen & Taft 500 00 Japhet Bishop 500 00 R. Hoe & Co 500 00 Penfold & Schuyler 500 00 Oliver Charlick 500 00 Charles Easton 500 00 C. F. Dambmann & Co 500 00 Cady & Smales 500 00 P. M. Lydig 500 00 Alex. Van Rensselaer 500 00 William Whitlock, Jr 500 00 William C. Schermerhorn 500 00 John Jones Schermerhorn 500 00 Bogert & Kneeland 500 00 Theodore Dehon 500 00 A. C. Richards 500 00 Benj. R. Winthrop 500 00 H. W. T. Mali 500 00 Tucker, Cooper & Co 500 00 J. J. Phelps 500 00 S. B. Chittenden 500 00 D. H. Haight 500 00 Spaulding, Vail, Hunt & Co.. . . 500 00 A. H. Ward 500 00 C. &R. Poillon 500 00 Haggerty & Co 500 00 Furman & Co 500 00 James K. Pell.. 500 00 THE UNION DEFENCE FUND. 35 E. Pavenstedt & Co $500 00 A. R. Eno 500 00 Miss Selena Hendricks 500 00 Troost, Schroder & Co 500 00 Hazard Powder Company 500 00 Schepeler & Co 500 00 J. H. Frerichs & Co 500 00 Murphy & Smith 500 00 Peter Goelet 500 00 Havemeyer, Townsend & Co. . . 500 00 Wallack's Theatre, proceeds of a benefit 361 75 Mrs. Mears Burkhardt, proceeds of a concert . 350 00 Laura Keene's Theatre, proceeds of a benefit 310 00 Thomas G. Hodgkins 300 00 Gary & Co 30000 Thomas N. Dale & Co 300 00 Janes, Fowler, Kirtland & Co. . 300 00 I. C. Whitrnore 300 00 John Penfold 300 00 John A. King 250 00 Bucklin & Crane 250 00 J. Butler Wright 250 00 Fabbri & Chauncey 250 00 A. M. White 250 00 Munn & Co 250 00 P. M. Suydam 250 00 H. S. & C. P. Leverich 250 00 Coolidge & Young 250 00 E. Caylus, De Ruyter & Co. . . 250 00 Chas. H. Rogers 250 00 R.S.Clark 250 00 Clark, Pardee, Bates & Co 250 00 D. T. Lanman & Kemp 250 00 Richard Lathers 250 00 Robert Goelet 250 00 Wm. B. Isham & Gallup 250 00 Thomas Otis Leroy & Co 250 00 Jacob Leroy 250 00 Robert Ray 250 00 Archer & Bull 250 00 Jacob Harsen 250 00 Mrs. John Suydam. . , 250 00 Lemoyne & Bell 250 00 Gilman, Son & Co 250 00 Olyphant's Son & Co 250 00 Wilson G. Hunt 250 00 Ninth Regiment 250 00 Pacific Bank 250 00 Wm. A. Freeborn & Co. . 250 00 Walsh, Coulter & Co $250 00 Geo. S. Stephenson & Co 250 00 Henry Delafield 250 00 Mrs. Susan M. Parish 250 00 John A. Robinson 250 00 Paton, Stewart & Co 250 00 A. Humbert 250 00 Benj. Stephens 250 00 J. & L. Tuckerman 250 00 Schenck, Rutherford & Co 250 00 John Q. Aymar 250 00 H. Meigs, Jr., & Smith 250 00 E. B. Clayton's Sons 250 00 George C. Ward 250 00 Barclay & Livingston 250 00 William Wood 250 00 Valentine G. Hall 250 00 J. J. Meriam 250 00 William Menzies 250 00 Menzies, Yiele & Mather 250 00 M. P. Read 250 00 John C. White 250 00 Fox & Lingard, !N"ew Bowery Theatre 205 00 W. H. RusseU 200 00 Henry Lawrence 200 00 Pierson & Co 200 00 M. Van Schaick 200 00 T. C. Baring 200 00 Joseph Foulke's Sons 200 00 F. Cottenet 200 00 D. L. Suydam 200 00 Thomas N. Lawrence 200 00 William K. Strong & Co 200 00 Edward Cooper 200 00 A. Hall 200 00 Gabriel Mead 200 00 J. D. Jones 200 00 A. Bininger & Co 200 00 JolmM.Dodd 20000 R. A. & G. H. Witthaus 200 00 E. E. Morgan 200 00 White & Sheffield 200 00 J. Woodward Haven 200 00 Tomes, Son & Melvain 200 00 H. M. Schieffelin 200 00 Beebe & Brother 200 00 Mulford Martin 200 00 Earl, Bartholomew & Co 200 00 John Haggerty 200 00 W. H.H.Moore 20000 Dutilh & Co... 150 00 36 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Richard Mortimer H. L. Routh & Sons Smith & Lawrence Philip Hone Weaver, Richardson & Co. . . . George Forrester S. T. Nicoll , Robert Carnley T. O. Fowler John C. Tucker J. Hutchinson Francis Speir James R. Steers James Williamson & Co Samuel Marsh George Bell Calvin Huntington , Arthur N. Gifford Fred. M. Maas & Co Ridley Watts Uriah J. Smith P. I. Nevius & Sons C. Heydecker Abner H. Beers , Francis Alexandre Edward Delafield, M. I) Newbold Edgar , Archibald Russell Nathan H. Hall. T. W. Moore Lewis M. Rutherford Rutherford Stuy vesant Hopkins & Co James N. Cobb Edward N. Kent N. Ludlum R. M. Hunt Woodruff & Co Ward, Campbell & Co Wm. Mackay Kamlah, Sauer & Co Edward H. Ludlow A. W. Spies & Co John T. Metcalfe Henry Owen Bernhard Mayer George J. Schmelzel Drake Mills D.H. Arnold George Palen Isaac H. Bailey Sparkman, Truslow & Co. . . . $150 00 George Schmelzel $100 00 150 00 L. Bradish 100 00 150 00 Wm. Tucker 100 00 150 00 E. R. Ware & Co 100 00 15000 W. R. Redwood 10000 12500 Acton Civill 10000 100 00 Mrs. C. M. Dash 100 00 100 00 Cambridge Livingston 100 00 10000 George Ashton 10000 100 00 Dewitt, Kittle & Co 100 00 100 00 William Nelson 100 00 10000 John R. Hurd 10000 100 00 Wm. H. Jackson 100 00 100 00 John Wolfe 100 00 100 00 Charles Carow 100 00 100 00 M. Deland 100 00 100 00 Thomas E. Vermilye 100 00 10000 J. Atkins & Co 10000 100 00 Ed. H. Coster 100 00 10000 Joseph L. Lewis 10000 100 00 Alfred Tobias 100 00 10000 George F. Jones 10000 100 00 Thompson Brothers 100 00 100 00 Samuel Blatchford 100 00 100 00 Morewood & Co 100 00 100 00 Samuel T. Skidmore 100 00 10000 John G. Stearns 10000 100 00 Oliver H. Jones 100 00 100 00 Lawrence, Cohen & Co 100 00 100 00 Cunningham, Frost & Throck- 100 00 mortons 100 00 10000 Holmes & Co 10000 100 00 Wm. Macnaughtan 100 00 100 00 Matthew Clarkson 100 00 100 00 Elliot C. Cowdin 100 00 100 00 Cornelius K. Sutton 100 00 100 00 Ezra Nye 100 00 100 00 Tappan & Starbuck 100 00 100 00 Uriel A. Murdock 100 00 10000 W.H.Fogg 10000 10000 O. Wm. Butt 10000 100 00 Wm. Agnew & Sons 100 00 100 00 Battelle & Renwick 100 00 10000 Emil Heinemann 10000 100 00 Captain John Britton 100 00 100 00 Daniel S. Miller 100 00 100 00 George Abeel 100 00 100 00 D. B. Fearing 100 00 100 00 Sidney Mason 100 00 100 00 Mrs. Hopkins, in pennies 100 00 100 00 Charles Henschel 100 00 100 00 James W. Beekman . . 100 00 THE FIEE ZOUAVE FUND. 37 Lispenard Stewart $100 00 Chas. Gillespie $50 00 John J. Crooke 100 00 S. A. Martine & Co 50 00 Robert McCoskrv 100 00 Clerks of the Bank of America. 50 00 J. Q. Jones 100 00 Edward Robinson, Jr 50 00 Geo. Collins 100 00 Geo. E. Archer 50 00 Henrv Ellsworth 100 00 John B. Crosby 50 00 Thomas T. Smith 100 00 Geo. "W. Berrian 50 00 Chas. M. Connolly & Co 100 00 J. Durbrow 50 00 Mrs. Andrew Dunlap 100 00 Wm. Vernon, Jr 50 00 L. Lorut 100 00 Capt. Thos. Ferguson 50 00 John B. Schmelzel 100 00 I. Green Pearson 50 00 Scharfenberg & Luis 100 00 Thomas Dewitt 50 00 Chas. J. Howell 100 00 Gilbert Davis 50 00 Charles Dennis 75 00 George Brown 50 00 James Van Antwerp 75 00 Mrs. Isaac Townsend 50 00 Archibald Hall, Jr 50 00 J. B. Lawrence, M. D 50 00 John J. Charruaud 50 00 Julius Gerson 50 00 Quick & L'Hommedieu 50 00 A. S. Jarvis 50 00 Whitmore & Co 50 00 F. L. Talcott 50 00 Joseph Greenleaf 50 00 Maury Brothers 50 00 Gabriel M. Tooker i 50 00 Captain Thos. Ingersoll 50 00 E. G. Thompson 50 00 All other sums, those given P. G. Churchill 50 00 anonymously and those un- J. F. Hoyer 50 00 der $50 6,350 25 Total. . ..$ 179,500 00 Besides the aid received by volunteer regiments from this fund, many of them made collections of their own that of the Fire Zouaves, Colonel Ellsworth, amounting to more than $20,000. Fourteen gentlemen, as follows, obtained the sums set opposite their names respectively, besides $5,000 given by the Union Defence Committee, and $5,000 by the Chamber of Commerce : James Kelly $2,980 A. F. Ockershausen 1,500 Jno. A. Cregier 3,250 A. G. Delatour 3,400 O. W. Brennan 3,150 Geo. F. Nesbitt 940 Wm. H. Wickham. . 825 John Decker $503 Zophar Mills 590 John S.Giles 705 Wm. Wright 1,060 J. R. Platt 300 J. Y. Watkins 380 Henry B. Venn 845 Total $20,428 There were few regiments, indeed, that did not have their own special fund, though none were as large as that of the Zouaves. A Eichmond County regiment, of New York, collected $2,000 upon a Staten Island boat during a single trip. Entertainments, dramatic, musical, gymnastic, in a similar object, were given at an early date ; and it is probable that not a day has passed since 38 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. in which, in some part of the country, there has not been some performance, professional, social, or amateur, some exhibition, some festival, some lecture, given directly or indirectly in aid of the cause, the receipts varying from five thousand dollars to fifty. On the 23d of April, the subscription in Chicago had reached hard upon $100,000, and was afterwards largely increased. The achievements of the Sturges Eifles, a company equipped by Solomon Sturges at an expense of ),000, and of the Battery of the Chicago Board of Trade, upon which ),000 were expended, have long been familiar to all. Colonel Samuel Colt, of Hartford, offered to furnish a regiment with breech-loading rifles, at a cost of $50,000. In Boston, on the 25th of the month, a subscription in behalf of the Twelfth Kegiment, to be commanded by Colonel Fletcher Webster, had reached the sum of $12,500. The citizens of Jersey City expended $26,000 upon the Second New Jersey. At a meeting in Oswego, N. Y., $1,600 were subscribed for purchasing side-arms for officers. Adams' Express offered to carry lint and soldiers' letters free. Large as the sums thus given undoubtedly were, they were of course trifling when compared with the sums appropriated by states and towns, a debt afterwards assumed by the government. Funds raised throughout the country for another purpose, however, which were subject to no such com- parison, were not only relatively, but actually, large. These were the local funds, organized in almost every city, town, village, and neighborhood, for the support of the families of volunteers. Four thousand dollars were subscribed in Auburn, for this purpose, on the 19th of April ; forty-two persons gave $4,200 in one hour in Pittsburgh ; the Canandaigua subscription was headed by a signature good for $500; Oswego had obtained $10,000, Norwich, $10,000, Eochester, $20,000, Utica, $8,000, on the 20th ; and Binghampton, $10,000, on the 26th. Mr. Wm. Gray, of Boston, gave $10,000 for a similar purpose. These are not given as special instances, but as examples of what was universal, and had been spontaneous from one end of the country to the other. Nothing could have been more opportune, indeed, more indispensable, than the giving of these sums for this object. It enabled thousands to join the army who must otherwise have tarried at home ; and it removed from the minds of many, who would have gone at any rate, all anxiety for those they left behind them. The funds for soldiers' families, raised by private subscrip- tion, and added to the sums voted in the same object, have been of the utmost service ; the good they have done cannot easily be overestimated. THE LAWYERS' FUND. 39 A call for a meeting of the bench and bar of New York was published in the papers of April 22d, and such a meeting was held in the afternoon of that day, in the room of the Superior Court. Judges and ex-judges of the different benches, and representatives of nearly every law firm in the city, were present. After the reading of resolutions, the following gentlemen were appointed an executive committee : HON. JOHN W. EDMONDS. WILLIAM ALLEN BUTLER, " Jos. S. BOSWORTH, HON. WM. H. LEONARD, " EDWARDS PIERREPONT, " HENRY HILTON, HENRY NICOLL, DANIEL LORD, WILLIAM FULLERTON, DORMAN B. EATON, LUTHER R MARSH, EICHARD O'GORMAN, ALEX. HAMILTON, JR., GILBERT DEAN. JOHN C. T. SMIDT, Mr. Daniel Lord was appointed treasurer, and was soon the custodian of over $27,000, contributed by members of the bench and bar, for the relief of the families of volunteers. But a portion only has thus far been expended ; deducting the disbursements, and adding the interest accrued upon the remain- der, the balance in hand is, or was very lately, some $19,000. The first collections in churches in aid of the cause were taken in Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, and in the Broadway Tabernacle, New York, on Sunday, the 21st. The latter congregation has, during the four years of the war, given, in answer to the numerous appeals made to it by the Sanitary, Christian, and Union Commissions, no less a sum than $30,000. The former has probably given more, in money and goods. On the 30th of April, the teachers in the public schools of Boston relin- quished a certain proportion of their salaries during the rebellion, as follows : Superintendent of Schools and Masters of Latin, English High and Girls' High and Normal Schools, 25 per cent. Masters of Grammar Schools and Sub-Masters of English and Latin High Schools, 15 per cent. Sub-Masters of Grammar Schools and Ushers of Latin and English High Schools, 12^ per cent. Ushers of Grammar Schools. 10 per cent. The aggregate of these percentages would amount to more than $12,000 a year. 40- THE TRIBUTE BOOK. The pilots of New York harbor offered their services to take government vessels in and out of port gratis. Mr. Robert Dent, one of the honorable fra- ternity, seeing a soldier thinly clad about to embark during a heavy blow., took off his shaggy, comfortable coat and gave it to him. A gentleman, noticing a Massachusetts man whose boots had given out during the tramp, rushed into a neighboring shoemaker's, purchased a new pair, and proposed to exchange with the ill-shod infantry-man. The latter, making a seat of his NEW BOOTS FOR OLD. knapsack placed upon the curb-stone, effected the amiable barter. Instances of personal good- will such as this were innumerable ; and where we mention one incident, let the reader give the rein to his fancy and imagine ten thou- sand similar ones ; he will in every case fall short of the truth. An aged clergyman, the Eev. Mr. Skinner, unable to do much, but anxious to do the little he could, proposed, as the most effective way of ap- plying and multiplying his slender contribution, to print fifty thousand copies of a brief treatise upon health, especially adapted to soldiers' reading. Thus early was one of the ideas broached, afterwards carried out so effectively in the publication of medical monographs by the Sanitary Commission. On the 23d of April, Sherman's Battery of eight howitzers, manned by eighty men, passed through Philadelphia on its way to Washington. As the train conveying the troops stopped, the women of the neighboring street? hurried out to the cars, bearing a welcome on their lips and a more substantial one in their hands. Plates which had been filled for others the soldiers had arrived at the propitious hour of dinner dishes cooking upon the range, baskets hastily stocked from the pantry and the larder, bottles, decanters, and THE VANDERBILT. 41 flagons were brought forth into the highway, and the weary and thirsty travellers abundantly refreshed. The stocks of itinerant fruiterers were eagerly bought up by generous monopolists, and any man in blue and red might have as many oranges as he could catch. A hat was passed around, and its contents were expended in cigars and tobacco for those who loved the weed. This done, hands were hurriedly shaken, good-byes hastily uttered, and the train moved slowly off, the gallant cannoneers giving nine cheers for the Union, the Constitution, and the ladies of Philadelphia. At the close of an enthusiastic meeting for army contributions in New York, two ladies approached the secretary's desk, and placed upon it an un- pretentious parcel. As they passed out, a curious hand unrolled the package, and revealed a large number of old linen handkerchiefs, inscribed with the names of Alice and Phcebe Gary. On the 14th of May, Cornelius Vanderbilt wrote a letter to Mr. W. 0. Bart- lett, in which he said that he had offered to dispose of the ocean steamer Yanderbilt to the government, but had received no answer to his communica- tion. He then added what follows : " You are authorized to renew this proposition, with such additions thereto as are hereinafter set forth. I feel a great desire that the government should U TUB FRIGATE VAM>RB1LT. have the steamer Yanderbilt, as she is acknowledged to be as fine a ship as floats the ocean, and, in consequence of her great speed and capacity, would, with a proper armament, be of more efficient service in keeping our coast clear of piratical vessels than any other ship. Therefore you are authorized to say, in my behalf, that the government can take this ship at a valuation to be determined by the Hon. Robert F. Stockton, of New Jersey, the only 42 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. ex-commodore in the navy, and any two commodores in the service, to be selected by the government ; and if this will not answer, will the government accept her as a present from their humble servant ? ************ " Yours, very respectfully, "C. YANDERBILT." Owing to the fact that a portion of the Vanderbilt's machinery is above the deck, and exposed to the enemy's shot, the Navy Department was for a time unwilling to accept this munificent proposal; but afterwards, when better provided with long range cannon, which would enable the vessel to use her own guns at a safe distance from those of the enemy, she was accepted by the government, converted into a powerful man-of-war, and sent upon a cruise in search of privateers. The vessel has since done excellent service, and proved a most valuable acquisition to the navy. The gift was worth, in money, not far from three quarters of a million of dollars. Certain persons endeavored to show that Mr. Yanderbilt could well afford to give his vessel to the government, as she had already earned a large sum of money, and that therefore he deserved but little credit. "We cannot see the force of this reasoning. Would any one of these captious individuals im- pugn the generosity of a friend who should give or bequeath them a govern- ment bond, on the ground that he had cut off and cashed the coupons as they successively fell due ? At about this time, the congregation of Plymouth Church engaged to fur- nish every man of the Brooklyn Fourteenth with shoes, undershirts, drawers, stockings, handkerchiefs, suspenders, and sponge. As if to furnish a basis of comparison between individual and congregational effort, Mrs. Walker, a poor woman of New York, supplied Wilson's Regiment of Zouaves with sixty shirts of her own making. The police force of New York had, by the middle of May, furnished the army thirty-four volunteers, engaging to pay to the family of each $50 a month, and assessing themselves in the following amounts for that object: Superintendents, $5 ; inspectors, $3 ; captains, $2 ; sergeants, $1.50 ; patrol- men, $1 each. In the first month after the fall of Sumter, the people of the United States spent a million dollars for flags, and half as much more for badges, emblems, cockades, rosettes, and other patriotic devices. For one flag torn down, thou- sands upon thousands were thrown to the wind. In the cities they floated not THE CHURCH AND THE FLAG. 43 'THERE LET IT WAVE, AS IT WAVED or OLD. only from liberty-pole, flag-staff, and casement, not only from ropes and halliards, but from steeple, spire, and belfry. " We will take our glorious flag," said Bishop Simpson, "and nail it just below the cross. That is high enough! There let it wave, as it waved of old. First Christ, then our country !" The streets were gorgeous with the loyal colors ; and when the wind blew at right angles with the grand thoroughfares of the larger cities, the sky seemed heavy with massive red and blue, and stars could be seen at 44 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. raid-day. Before the rebellion there were not ten flag-staffs upon private edifices in Broadway ; by the first of June there were hundreds. The flag manufacturers were overrun, and though they doubled and trebled their prices, there was no diminution in the demand. When bunting gave out, pongee, China silk, and finally cotton were used. What recruiting officers those starry banners were! They rendered better service than provost-marshals have since. Mr. Thomas W. Davidson, a rigger by trade, who believed that no height was too lofty to bear the stars and stripes, raised the flag upon the pinnacle of Trinity and St. Paul's, apparently at the imminent risk of his life, and offered to do as much for any church, gratis. William O'Donnell and Charles McLaughlin, painters, clambered up Grace Church lightning-rod, fastened a staff to the stem of the cross, threw out the flag, and raised their hats to the crowd below. There have been few open air spectacles more beautiful than the display of the national colors in the cities, on two widely dissimilar occasions : when Sumter was lost, and when it was recovered. There may be a certain beauty, fantastic and weird, in a feast of lanterns ; but there is more than beauty, there is grandeur, inspiration, sublimity, in a carnival of flags. Serious undertaking though it be to regale a regiment of soldiers, men and women have been found, or were found in the earlier times, to attempt it, yea, and to succeed in it. Two instances must suffice : that of a New York regiment treated to clams, and that of a distribution of doughnuts among the men of the Third Maine. Clams and colors ! This was the bill of fare drawn up and paid for by an ingenious gentlemen who lived upon the sea-coast. A state and regimental flag and thirty thousand clams ! Clams in such aggregates as this suggest appalling reflections; but they are singularly modified by distribution and subdivision, and there remains but the lesser question of individual digestion. But the leavings ! Sixty thousand clam-shells ! Memories of Aristides and ostracism heave up out of the mists of other days, and we wonder whether the majority against The Just was any thing like this. Then we ask ourselves if ostracizing a just man is in any wise different from nominating to office, and then defeating, a good man. Should Aristides be proposed as alderman in New York, could he be elected ? Is it not likely that he was merely an early victim to universal suffrage ? And what right have we to contemn the Greek method of utilizing oyster- shells, when it is plain we should put the clam-shell to the same use if the paper-mills should stop ? Clams upon the coast, doughnuts on the plain. The ladies of Augusta summoned the men of the Third Maine to a festival, promising fifty bushels DOUGHNUTS FOR A REGIMENT. 45 THE LADIES OF AUfiCSTA TREATING THE THIRD MAINE TO DOUGHHUT6. of doughnuts. The cooks and housewives of the city had for days been elaborating the viscous compound, and it appeared upon the field at the appointed hour, cut into lengths and twisted into shapes, conveyed in baskets by persons who had not yet been pronounced contraband of war. The soldiers, drawn up in hollow square how apt is this word hollow, when applied to men who have fasted in view of promised doughnuts ! received the proces- sion, which consisted of music, then the ladies, then the doughnuts. After certain ceremonies, the ranks were broken, and the martial, civic, and contra- band elements blended in pleasing harmony. Eye-witnesses have given us glimpses of the scene. It is true, they say, that there were a few human beings, houses, and quadrupeds, which might have been remarked, but the principal feature of the landscape was doughnuts. Never was such an aggregate seen since the world began. The circumambient air was redolent of doughnuts ; every breeze sighed doughnuts ; the soldiers ate doughnuts, the ladies laughed doughnuts, the distributors cried doughnuts. There was the molasses doughnut and the sugar doughnut, the round doughnut and the square doughnut, the single-twisted doughnut and the three-ply doughnut, the light-riz doughnut and the hard-kneaded doughnut Doughnuts ruled the camp, if not the court and the grove. As those who lived upon short 46 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. commons sighed for the flesh-pots, so, doubtless, doughnuts were remembered with longings in the days of hard tack. One instance of another sort must answer for hundreds. Lieutenant York, of Duryea's Zouaves, lost his sword in an early skirmish ; and by " lost" it is meant that a grape-shot struck it, broke the scabbard in halves, bent the sword, and cut out a piece of the blade. Lieutenant York sent the remnant home to his son, who exhibited it to his father's colleagues of the bar, in the Superior Court room in New York. Of course a subscription was the imme- diate result, no one being allowed to contribute more than two dollars. When the new sword was purchased, it was found that money still remained, so a carbine was added, and after that a field-glass. The outfit of thousands of officers their swords, their saddles, their horses were paid for by coteries of admiring friends, or by appeals to an indulgent and sympathizing public. The artists of New York put their loyalty on record at an early date. Several of their number had either left the city with their regiments or had joined regi- ments in order to leave. Those who remained clubbed together to collect a gallery of pictures, over which Mr. Leeds should brandish his hammer driving imaginary nails on which to hang the pictures when patriots had bought them. One hundred and thirteen pictures were contributed, and if they had brought two dollars more than they did, the result would have been a round $5,000. We give a specimen from the catalogue, premising that what is omitted from this book, in this case as in others, is every whit as good as that which is told : after all we can say or do, we shall have given but a sample, a taste, a glimpse. Our digestion could not bear a full feast, nor our eyes the full glare : Moonlight on the Grand Menan Wm. Hart $100 00 Black Your Boots, Sir J. O. B. Inman 45 00 Swiss Mountains Casilear 85 00 Niagara Gignoux 160 00 Reflection Beard 60 00 South Pass, Rocky Mountains Bierstadt 50 00 Cumsean Sibyl Lang 100 00 Homeward through the Stream A. F. Bellows 140 00 A Foxy Morning Eastman Johnson 105 00 Landscape Kensett 105 00 Stream J. M. Hart 80 00 Paolina ,H. P. Gray 80 00 Happy Summer Time G. A. Baker 150 00 Old Mill McEntee 47 50 Study Durand 110 00 Beatrice Huntington 115 00 The Life Boat Warren 60 00 Death of Scipio Darley 75 00 THE MISSOURI FUND. 47 New York set the example, in May, of aiding, by levies of money, the eiforts of patriots a thousand miles away. The situation of Missouri was so anomalous, the condition of Union men there so distressing, that assistance from without was indispensable to enable them to fulfil their duty as loyal inhabitants of a loyal state. Mr. Frank P. Blair asked the assistance of New York to enable him to equip a regiment of Missouri volunteers ; Mr. Isaac Sherman would receive subscriptions and administer the fund. In a month's time the account stood thus, and was finally closed : Friends of Missouri, through James McKaye $1,000 I. Sherman 1,000 Royal Phelps .' 500 August Belmont .' 500 Geo. Griswold, Jr 500 J. K A. Griswold 500 James Lenox 500 Mr. Aspinwall ) Mr. Whitewright I 500 Mr. Hoadley ) Sherman & Romaine 400 Brown Brothers & Co 250 James Meinell 250 Sandy Hook Pilots 250 Great Western Ins. Co 250 Smith & Dimon 200 Samuel Wetmore 100 Meigs & Greenleaf 100 J. D. Jones $100 F. G. Shaw 100 Goodhue & Co 100 J. F. Butterworth 100 R. P. Buck & Co 100 D. Dows & Co 100 C. H. Marshall & Co 100 Benj. B. Sherman 100 Duncan, Sherman & Co 100 W. H. Peckham 100 Western Transportation Co 100 A. Iselin & Co 100 Seligman & Stettheimer 100 Joseph Battell 100 Ephraim Treadwell's Sons 100 Grinnell, Minturn & Co 100 Benkard & Hutton 100 All others 6,230 Clothing 155 Total $14,885 Somewhat later, when a foothold was obtained upon the coast of North Carolina by the capture of Fort Hatteras, the inhabitants of the redeemed district were found to be in need, and a North Carolina Aid Association solicited money to be spent in their relief. Ten thousand dollars were obtained for this purpose in New York. When Colonel Stetson, of the Astor House, New York, was asked for his bill for the entertainment of regiments from Massachusetts, he sent this mes- sage to Governor Andrew : " The Astor House makes no charge for feeding Massachusetts troops." The Americans in Paris no sooner heard of the events in Charleston Harbor than they convened to concert measures in aid of the government. The first form given to the assistance offered was coin ; the second, artillery. It was thought that cannon were more needed at home than any other weapons 48 THE TEIBUTE BOOK. of offence, and accordingly two Whitworth guns were in due time dispatched. These were mounted first upon Federal Hill, Baltimore, and afterwards in Fort Ellsworth, Alexandria. The following was the paper, as drawn up and signed in Paris in May, 1861 : We, the undersigned, hereby agree to pay the sums affixed to our names, for the purpose of purchasing rifled cannon to be forwarded to America, to be used in enforcing the laws and upholding the Constitution and Union : John J. Ridgeway frs. 2,500 Robert Sturgis 2,500 Francis Warden 2,000 Messrs. Crauch, Dana & May, each a picture, 500 frs 1,500 A. E. Borie 1,000 Henry Woods 1,000 Dr. Thomas W. Evans 1,000 Mrs. Dudley Selden 1,000 W. C. Emmett 1,000 AYoodbury Langdon 1,000 A. J. Oipriaut 1,000 James Phalen 1,000 G. H. Coster 1,000 Renel Smith 1,000 F. Sumner 1,000 J. K. Smyth 1,000 II. Hutchinson 1,000 Mrs. Richard Ray 1,000 G. R. Russell 1,000 Dr. Berger 1,000 Theodore Lyman 1,000 Edward Brooks 1,000 J. D. Wendel 500 A. T. P 500 J. W. Wheeler 500 J. D. B. C 500 Mrs. C. F. Hovey 500 C. B. Hotchkiss 500 E. C. Cowdin 500 Mrs. Greenough 500 Geo. T. Richards 500 James Eddy 500 Dr. Gage 500 Persifer Fraser 500 Theo. S. Evans 500 D. D. Howard 500 II. W. Spencer 500 Horace II. Williams 500 Samuel Hammond 500 Mr. Fagnani (two portraits at one quarter the usual price) 500 W. K. Strong frs. 500 Geo. A. Hearn 500 J. S. Andrews 500 T. Wallace Evans 500 F. S. Lovering 500 Geo. B. English 500 Madame de Courbal 500 Mrs. R. G. Shaw 500 G. H. Mumford 500 Mrs. Colford Jones 500 Rev. C. T. Thayer 300 H. L ." 300 Miss II. R. Woolsey 250 E. Lincoln 250 Dr. Beylard ; 250 A. Depeyster 250 Wm. A. Hovey 250 M. C. Burnap 250 Charles Pepper 250 J. J. Randolph 250 Mrs. H. L 200 J. H. Deming 200 J. H. Canfield 200 Mrs. Lawrence Moore 200 Mrs. Dodge 200 A. K. P. Cooper 100 G. P. Howell 100 II. C. S 100 John Smith 100 E. F. Emmett 100 G. Hinckley Clark 100 G. S. Partridge 100 Dr. McClintock 100 Miss C. C. Woolsey 100 Mrs. E. W. Clark 100 Jas. W. Tucker 100 John Markes 100 George Potter 100 Henry J. Hunt 100 J. E. Irvin 100 A. P. Strange 100 T. Puison . . 100 COLCHESTER AND PHILADELPHIA. 49 John Mix frs. 100 W. F. Dodd 100 Charles Francis 100 P. B 100 F. H. Clark 100 Mrs. G 100 Mr. Homer. . .100 Rev. Mr. Longacre frs. 50 Rev. Mr. Loomis Mr. Eastman Dr. McGowan Elbridge Torry John Lindsey J. Fagnani 50 50 50 50 50 40 For a year the voluntary offerings of the people continued upon the scale indicated by the few instances we have mentioned. And this scale was one which had been tacitly established or agreed upon, and represented, doubtless, the public idea of the necessities of the case. But in May, 1862, when certain events showed the need of the country to be far greater than had been sup- posed, the spirit of giving rose with the occasion. General Banks was com- pelled to retreat down the Shenandoah Valley and to recross the Potomac. Washington was again believed to be in danger, and the militia of the neigh- boring states were again called out. Soon after, the Army of the Potomac was forced, after inflicting and suffering great loss, to abandon its attempt on Eichmond ; Pope was defeated in the Valley of Virginia, and the now defiant army of the rebels crossed the Potomac into Maryland. Under the spur of this second necessity, the contributions of the people were to those made after the fall of Sumter and the defeat of Bull Run as sixteen is to seven. Such statistics as are accessible show the voluntary contributions of the second year to have been more than double those of the first. Disaster seemed only to stimulate to further exertion, and whether the call was for money or men, the supply and the willingness to furnish either the one or the other kept steady pace with the demand. Every town and village had its war fund, its relief committee, its disbursing officers. An example or two will show how these matters were managed in 1862. "We take one village, Colchester, Connecticut ; and one city, Philadelphia. Colchester may be dismissed in a few words. The inhabitants first sub- scribed to a fund for the promotion of enlistments ; then to a fund for the relief of the families of volunteers. Both the soldiers and their wives and children were handsomely dealt with. Then the village doctor promised to prescribe for those left behind, gratis ; then the clergymen engaged to furnish them sittings in all the churches, gratis ; next, the village apothecary declared that he would put up all prescriptions for the wives and children of soldiers, gratis ; and, finally, the undertaker agreed that if the physician and the drug- gist labored in vain, and any soldier's heir' died, he would bury him gratis. The quota of Colchester was filled at an early day. 50 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. "We take the case of Philadelphia, for the reason that the sum obtained was by far the largest bounty and defence fund ever raised by subscription ; it therefore serves for itself and for those of all smaller communities, as the greater includes the less. Doubtless the exposure of the city to invasion lent a certain zest to the proceedings of the various assemblages, but it is not neces- sary to suppose that a sense of danger placed one additional dollar upon the books. It was the 16th of July; the Army of the Potomac was at Harrison's Landing, and the rebel forces, relieved from the necessity of defending Rich- mond, were preparing to assume the offensive. The President was known to be preparing an order for a draft, to compel the filling of quotas under the call for 300,000 men. A public-spirited citizen wrote to one of the morning papers that he would be glad to be one of one hundred persons to subscribe $1,000 each, towards raising ten regiments in the city. This proposal was seconded in the papers of the next day ; and two days afterwards another cor- respondent made known his willingness to be one of the hundred, adding that he inferred from the remarks of a friend, that that gentleman could also be counted upon. On Thursday, the 24th of July, a preliminary meeting of citizens was held at the rooms of the Board of Trade, the mayor of the city in the chair. Mr. John D. Watson stated that the meeting was called in consequence of the proclamation issued by the governor, urging every city, town, and borough in the commonwealth, to take some action in the now pressing matter of providing bounties and filling the contingent of Pennsylvania. Money could not be obtained from the treasury without authority of law, and the legislature was not in session. It must be raised by individual subscription. Harrisburg had set the example, and it was time that Philadelphia followed it. Mr. Charles Gilpin thought that the occasion appealed both to the honor and selfishness of the people. The solid men should now come forward. For himself, he was not able to serve as a private, and he had not the faculty of command ; he was not rich, but he would place one thousand dollars in his opinion a small contribution at the service of the country. Mr. Gilpin was the first subscriber. The Hon. Henry D. Moore said that there were three causes which retarded enlistments in Pennsylvania ; first, the laboring classes were earning better wages than were paid by government ; second, the floating population had already been absorbed ; and, third, neighboring states and towns had offered bounties as an inducement to volunteer, while Pennsylvania had offered none. Bounties must be offered, and the citizens must provide for their payment. THE PHILADELPHIA BOUNTY FUND. 51 Mr. Lorin Blodget submitted a series of resolutions providing for the ap- pointment of committees. The three gentlemen whom we have mentioned as proposing to contribute $1,000 each, now proved their sincerity. A paper was handed to the mayor containing the names of eleven firms pledged for $15,000, in case the sum of $100,000 should be subscribed, for the purpose of raising ten city regiments, under the direction of the mayor. It was thought best, however, to leave the matter in the hands of the state authorities, and the plan was not adopted. The officers to collect and administer the fund were now appointed, as fol- lows : Chairman, ALEXANDER HENRY, Mayor of the City. Vice- Chairman, THOMAS WEBSTER. Treasurer, S. A. MERCER. Secretary, LORIN BLODGET. Disbursing Committee, MICHAEL V. BAKER, GEORGE WHITNEY, S. A. MERCER. Committee, ALEXANDER HENRY, WILLIAM WELSH, CHARLES GIBBONS, J. Eoss SNOWDEN, CHARLES D. FREEMAN, A. E. BORIE, S. A. MERCER, S. W. DE COURSEY, DR. JAMES MCCLINTOCK, GEORGE H. STUART, THOMAS WEBSTER, M. Y. BAKER, GEORGE WHITNEY, J. E. ADDICKS, J. D. WATSON, JAMES MILLIKEN, L. BLODGET, JAMES C. HAND. A subscription book was formally opened, and before the meeting ad- journed nearly $36,000 had been promised. During the progress of the meet- ing, the Board of Directors of the Pennsylvania Eailroad Company had 52 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. indited a letter to Governor Curtin to the effect that $50,000 of their money was at the disposal of the executive, or of a duly appointed committee, for bounty money to soldiers. The next day, the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad Company subscribed $25,000, and private citizens $34,000 more. On Saturday, under the genial influence of a war meeting, held in Indepen- dence Square, $42,000 were received. Subscriptions continued to be made till the middle of September, when the sum total was within a few thousand dollars of half a million. We subjoin the list, as perhaps the most remarkable to which the rebellion has given birth ; and, to make this .brief story of the Philadelphia Bounty Fund complete, append a statement of the objects to which the money was applied. The reader will find these columns of names more interesting than, at first glance, he would perhaps be inclined to suppose, and their value will increase with age : PHILADELPHIA BOUNTY FUND JULY, AUGUST, SEPTEMBEE, 1862. Pennsylvania Railroad Co $50,000 00 Philadelphia and Reading Rail- road Company 25,000 00 Bank of North America 10,000 00 Philadelphia Bank 6,000 00 Philadelphia Saving Fund So- ciety 5,000 00 Green Tree Mutual Ins. Co 5,000 00 Mutual Assurance Company for Insuring Houses 5,000 00 Franklin Fire Insurance Co 5,000 00 Philadelphia Contributionship Insurance Company 5,000 00 Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank. . 5,000 00 S. V. Merrick 8,000 00 McKean, Borie & Co 3,000 00 Benjamin Bullock & Sons 3,000 00 A. Whitney & Sons 3,000 00 Girard Bank 3,000 00 North American Insurance Co. . 2,500 00 Delaware Mutual Insurance Co. 2,500 00 Commercial Bank 2,500 00 Pennsylvania Fire Insurance Co. 2,500 00 Philadelphia Steam Propeller Co. 2,500 00 Philadelphia and Trenton Rail- road Company 2,500 00 I. P. Morris, Towne & Co 2,000 00 Wm. H. Horstmann & Sons 2,000 00 Sellers & Co 2,000 00 Morris, Tasker & Co 2,000 00 Pennsylvania Company for Insu- rance on Lives and Granting Annuities $2,000 00 Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad Company. 2,000 00 Neafie & Levy 2,000 00 Western Bank 1,500 00 Bank of Northern Liberties 1,500 00 W. P. Wilstach & Co 1,500 00 American Bank Note Company. 1,500 00 Reliance Mutual Insurance Co. . 1,500 00 American Fire Insurance Co 1,500 00 Employees of Schuylkill Arsenal 1,200 00 John Grigg 1,100 00 Chas. Gilpin 1,000 00 Wm. Welsh 1,000 00 A friend, per Wm. Welsh 1,000 00 Hanson Robinson 1,000 00 Henry Winsor 1,000 00 John T. Lewis & Brothers 1,000 00 Daniel Haddock 1,000 00 John Ashurst 1,000 00 Joseph B. Myers 1,000 00 Samuel S. White 1,000 00 J. E. Caldwell 1,000 00 Stuart & Brother 1,000 00 John Haseltine 1,000 00 Wm. H. Kern 1,000 00 Edward C. Knight & Co 1,000 00 Stephen & Jas. M. Flanagan. . . . 1,000 00 THE PHILADELPHIA BOUNTY FUND. 53 Henry M. Watts $1,000 00 Welling, Coffin & Co 1,000 00 Wm. B. Mann 1,000 00 Bailey & Co 1,000 00 Taylor, Gillespie & Co 1 000 00 De Coursey, Lafourcade & Co . . 1,000 00 John B. Alyers 1,000 00 C. Sherman & Son 1,000 00 J. P. Hutehinson 1,000 00 W. A. Blanchard 1,000 00 Drexel & Co 1,000 00 Jay Cooke & Co 1,000 00 Cabeen & Co 1,000 00 Benjamin Homer 1,000 00 Thomas Sparks 1,000 00 Evan Kandolph 1,000 00 John Gibson, Sons & Co 1,000 00 lungerich & Smith 1,000 00 Daniel Smith, Jr . . . 1,000 00 C. & H. Borie 1,000 00 Edward M. Hopkins 1,000 00 Jacob Jones 1,000 00 Henry J. Williams 1,000 00 John Dallett & Co 1,000' 00 S. B. Van Syckel 1,000 00 Tatham & Brothers 1,000 00 W. R. White 1,000 00 N. Trotter & Co 1,000 00 Slade, Smith & Co 1,000 00 Bloomfield H. Moore 1,000 00 A. D. Jessup 1,000 00 J. B. Lippincott & Co 1,000 00 Captain W. Whilldin 1,000 00 Howell & Brothers 1,000 00 Henry Simons 1,000 00 Charles P. Fox 1,000 00 Mercer & Antelo 1,000 00 Joseph Swift 1,000 00 Thomas Drake 1,000 00 Charles N. Baker 1,000 00 John Mason & Co 1,000 00 Stewart, Carson & Co 1,000 00 Alexander Benson & Co 1,000 00 Horace Binney 1,000 00 James Eowland & Co 1,000 00 Brown, Hill & Co 1,000 00 J. Rhea Barton, M. D 1,000 00 Leonard & Baker 1,000 00 Peter Williamson 1,000 00 James, Kent & Santee 1,000 00 Edmund A. Souder & Co 1,000 00 Edwin Forrest 1,000 00 Sharpless Brothers $1,000 00 Charles Gibbons 1,000 00 W. M. Meredith 1,000 00 T. W. Evans 1,000 00 Tredick, Stokes & Co 1,000 00 Geo. P. Smith 1,000 00 Chas. S. Coxe 1,000 00 Girard Life Insurance Company. 1,000 00 Adams' Express Company 1,000 00 Bank of Penn Township 1,000 00 American Life and Trust Co 1,000 00 Fire Association of Philadelphia. 1,000 00 J. R. Ingersoll 1,000 00 Manufacturers' and Mechanics' Bank 1,000 00 Riegel, Wiest & Ervin 1,000 00 Cornelius & Baker 1,000 00 A. Campbell & Co 1,000 00 Baltimore & Philadelphia Steam- boat Company 1,000 00 New York and Baltimore Trans- portation Line 1,000 00 Wm. C. Houston & Thos. Mott. . 1,000 00 Phoenix Iron Company 1,000 00 Thomas P. Hooper 1,000 00 John Pondir 1,000 00 Noblit, Brown & Noblit 1,000 00 Evans Rogers 1,000 00 Philadelphia and New York Ex- press Steamboat Company. ... 1,000 00 Samuel Welsh 1,000 00 Philadelphia Hide and Tallow Association 1,000 00 John J. Ridge way, of Paris 1,000 00 John A. Brown 1,000 00 Tyler, Stone & Co 1,000 00 James Dundas 1,000 00 K R. Chambers 1,000 00 Thos. Wattson & Sons 1,000 00 A Visitor at Brigantine Beach. . 1,000 00 J. B. Moorhead 1,000 00 J. V. Williamson 1,000 00 William Bucknell 1,000 00 Union Mutual Insurance Co. . . . 1,000 00 Chas. Macalester 1,000 00 Jas. C. Hand & Co 1,000 00 Murphy & Allison 1,000 00 Dr. D. Jayne & Son 1,000 00 Powers & Weightman 1,000 00 Jacob P. Jones 1,000 00 Bank of Commerce 1,000 00 Phoenix Mutual Insurance Co ... 1,000 00 54 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. City Bank $1,000 00 R. F. Loper 1,000 00 Geo. F. Peabody & Co 1,000 00 Insurance Company of the State of Pennsylvania 1,000 00 Kensington Bank 1,000 00 Le Fevre, Park & Co 1,000 00 Pennsylvania Mutual Life Insu- rance Company 1,000 00 Shaffner, Zeigler & Co 1,000 00 Tradesmen's Bank 1,000 00 Consolidation Bank 1,000 00 Southwark Bank 1,000 00 Thomas Smith 1,000 00 David Milne 800 00 J. H. Ingham 700 00 Philadelphia Board of Brokers . . 600 00 Geo. D. Parrish 500 00 Thomas A. Scott 500 00 Gans, Leberman & Co 500 00 W. R. Thompson 500 00 Thompson, Clarke & Young 500 00 John Baird 500 00 Wain, Learning & Co 500 00 Tobias Wagner 500 00 Chas. W. Poultney 500 00 W. H. Newbold, Son & Aertsen. 500 00 Wm. Rowland & Co 500 00 A. J. Lewis 500 00 Verree & Mitchell 500 00 Chas. Taylor 500 00 John Stone & Sons 500 00 William S. Smith 500 00 John C. Farr 500 00 D. B. Cummins 500 00 Reece, Seal & Co 500 00 K & G. Taylor 500 00 H. B. & G. W. Benners 500 00 Isaac Lea 500 00 Mrs. Anne Hertzog 500 00 Samuel Powell 500 00 Baeder, Delaney & Adamson. . . 500 00 Wm. Ashbridge 500 00 E. S. Whelen & Co 500 00 Hay & McDevitt 500 00 Wm. M. Baird 500 00 M. & C. Sternberger 500 00 Esherick, Black & Co 500 00 Humphreys, Hoffman & Wright. 500 00 Wilcox, Brothers & Co 500 00 Thomas Clyde 500 00 William H. Hart.. 500 00 John M. Ford $500 00 John Wyeth & Brother 500 00 Joseph B. Lapsley 500 00 Cumberland Nail & Iron Works. 500 00 Charles E. Smith 500 00 Hunter, Scott & Co 500 00 Rosengarten & Sons 500 00 Proprietors of Evening Bulletin. 500 00 Joseph Campion 500 00 Wm. Struthers 500 00 John Rodman Paul 500 00 Stillwell S. Bishop 500 00 James Manderson 500 00 T. C. Henry & Co 500 00 Philip S. Justice 500 00 Samuel R. Phillips 500 00 E. C. & P. H. Warren 500 00 Alexander Henry 500 00 E. W. Clark & Co 500 00 Little, Stokes & Co 500 00 James R. Campbell 500 00 John W. Forney 500 00 Charles Spencer 500 00 Delaware Mutual Insurance Co. 500 00 Union Steamship Co 500 00 S. B. Stitt 500 00 Commonwealth Bank 500 00 Wilson, Childs & Co 500 00 Michael F. Clark 500 00 Tioga Railroad Co 500 00 Martin Landenberger 500 00 Philadelphia Master Plasterers' Society 500 00 W. E. Garrett & Sons 500 00 Alexander Brown 500 00 E. Jessup 500 00 George F. Lee 500 00 Abraham Baker 500 00 Andrew M. Jones 500 00 William D. Jones & Co 50000 Smith, Williams & Co 500 00 William S. Hansell & Sons 500 00 William Harmer 500 00 Yarnell & Trimble 500 00 Union Bank 500 00 Enterprise Insurance Co 500 00 J. Emory Stone 500 00 Frishmuth & Co 500 00 Edwin Greble 500 00 Bank of Germantown 500 00 Anthracite Insurance Co 500 00 Wilmington Steamboat Co 500 00 THE PHILADELPHIA BOUNTY FUND. Corn Exchange Bank $500 00 Wm. Richardson 500 00 Stephen G. Fotterall 500 00 Adam Warthman 500 00 Noble, Caldwell & Co 500 00 Davis Pearson & Co 500 00 Billings, Roop & Co 500 00 Geo. C. Thomas 50000 Lewis & Damon 500 00 American Mutual Insurance Co. 500 00 O. Colket 500 00 Furness, Brinley & Co 500 00 John M. Reed 500 00 Ludwig, Kneedler & Co 500 00 Edward Coles 500 00 Girard Fire and Marine Ins. Co. 500 00 T. & J. W. Johnson & Co 500 00 Arnold, Xusbaum & Nirdlinger. 500 00 Francis King 500 00 Vetterlein & Co 500 00 Alan Wood & Co 40000 Shields & Brother 400 00 S. & C. Schofield 400 00 Elias D. Kennedy 400 00 J. Wood & Brothers 40000 Robert Coburn & Son. . , 400 00 Crissey & Markley 350 00 Evans & Hassall 300 00 E. P. Moyer & Brothers 300 00 Rockhill & Wilson 300 00 Gilbert Royal & Co 300 00 Stevenson & Maris 300 00 Joseph F. Page 300 00 Code, Hopper & Co 300 00 French, Richards & Co 300 00 John Eisenbrey 300 00 Clement L. Hughes 300 00 Grocers' Sugar House 300 00 Jesse Smith 300 00 Ficken & Williams 300 00 Reynolds, Howell & Reiff 300 00 Grove & Brother 300 00 Dr. David James 300 00 G. D. Wetherill 300 00 S. T. Altemus 300 00 Dr. Charles Willing 300 00 Field & Keehmle 300 00 McAllister & Brother 300 00 James Graham & Co 300 00 Cornelius A. Walborn 300 00 Thomas W. Price 300 00 W. W. Knight & Son 300 00 Geo. B. Reece, Son & Co $300 00 Henry Stiles 300 00 Chas. P. Relf 300 00 Jeanes, Scattergood & Co 300 00 B. P. Hutchinson 300 00 Cox, Whiteman & Cox 300 00 H. Geiger 300 00 Benneville D. Brown 300 00 Harris, Heyl & Co 300 00 L. A. Godey 300 00 Wharton Chancellor 300 00 John F. Gilpin 300 00 Miss Mary Gibson 300 00 Southwick, Sheble & Co 300 00 C. H. Harkness 300 00 Fairman Rogers 300 00 Brooks, Brother & Co 300 00 Lawlor, Everett & Hincken 300 00 James M. Preston 300 00 Eagle Mills 300 00 Martin Nixon 300 00 Joel Thomas 300 00 Rev. Dr. Ducachet 300 00 George Fales 300 00 Chambers & Cattell 300 00 Edwin Swift 300 00 Henry Disston 300 00 Farmers' Market 300 00 R. Shoemaker & Co 300 00 Thomas Earp 300 00 Hunsworth, Eakins & Naylor .. . 30000 Patterson, Morgan & Caskey . . . 300 00 Henry Helmuth 300 00 Marshall, Griffith & Co 300 00 Joseph Jones 300 00 John McAllister 300 00 Sower, Barnes & Co 300 00 Employees of Riegel, Wiest & Ervin 287 50 Employees of Wm. SeUers & Co . 269 7fi Charles Megarge & Co 250 00 Wright, Brothers & Co 250 00 R. H. Gratz&Co 25000 A. T. Lane 250 00 Rutter & Patteson 250 00 Sharp, Haines & Co 250 00 M. B. Mahony & Co 250 00 A. C. Barclay 250 00 Prichett, Baugh & Co 250 00 Barcroft & Co 250 00 W. F. Hansell 250 00 Feltus & Zimmerling 250 00 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Wm. Aslmrst $250 00 F. A. Hoyt & Brother 250 00 Edwin K. Myers 250 00 James Bayard 250 00 Frothingham & Wells 250 00 Davis & Co 250 00 N. Middleton & Co 250 00 E. J. Maginnis 250 00 Robert Ewing 250 00 Samuel Castner 250 00 Lock wood Manufacturing Co. . . 250 00 George Martin 250 00 Benjamin Sharp 250 00 K Rollings & Brother 250 00 Irwin & Stinson 250 00 Henry Croskey & Co 250 00 Hon. Wm. Milward 250 00 Geo. W. Childs 250 00 Joseph Oat & Son 250 00 A. B. Carver & Co 250 00 M. Thomas & Son 250 00 Jacob W. Goff 250 00 Alfred C. Harmer 250 00 Wolgamuth, Raleigh & Co 250 00 W. S. Stewart & Co 25000 Thos. A. Biddle 250 00 Samuel B. Thomas 250 00 L. Johnson & Co 250 00 Samuel F. Smith 250 00 Morris, Patterson & Co 250 00 Richard T. Shepherd 250 00 Geo. L. Harrison 250 00 H. T. Desilver ' 250 00 Edwin Kirkpatrick 250 00 Edwin M. Lewis 250 00 Samuel Gorgas 250 00 Robert K. Neff 250 00 James Simpson & Neil 250 00 C. F. & G. G. Lennig 25000 Garretson, Brady & Co 250 00 J. M. Mitchell & Co 250 00 B. D. Stewart & Son 250 00 Henry C. Lea 250 00 Samuel A. Lewis 250 00 Allen & Needles 250 00 Horace Binney, Jr 200 00 Wm. F. Hughes 200 00 Harrison, Bros. & Co 200 00 Richard Wistar 200 00 Hood, Bombright & Co 200 00 J. R. & J. Price 200 00 Chas. J. Peterson. . 200 00 M. Lewis $200 00 Hillman & Streaker D. C. Spooner Garrett & Martin Samuel II. Carpenter Vance & Landis S. H. Bush & Co E. J. Lewis H. Weiner Fred. Brown J. W. Everman & Co Conrad & Serrill Jonathan Patterson J. B. Mitchell Chas. T. Yerkes Thomas I. Potts James Hogg Hance, Griffith & Co W. L. Schaffer J. Craig Miller Shloss & Brother George Gilpin George A. Wood Samuel Norris Adam Everley John Lambert Wm. H. Woodward Lewis Thompson & Co Wabash Mill John R. McCurdy Stillman & Ellis Strauss & Goldman Wm. C. Bowen Charles Leland Win. Musser , Wm. Mann Miss M. M. Barclay Wm. Kirkham Chas. Dutilh J. W. Rulon & Son Wm. S. Baird Heaton and Denckla Boyd & Stroud Charles O'Neill Mrs. Geo. N. Baker Thomas Robins James L. Claghorn W. T. Lowber Thos. II. Megear G. D. Wetherill & Co Geo. W. Hamersley John R. Coxe. . . 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 THE PHILADELPHIA BOUNTY FUND. 57 Dr. G. Emerson $200 00 Adeline & Margaretta Sager-. . . 200 00 Muzzey & Monroe 200 00 Jacob Rech 200 00 Peter Sieger 200 00 James W. Paul 200 00 Lawrence Lewis, Jr 200 00 Benners & Draper 200 00 A. C. Jones 200 00 Withers & Peterson 200 00 Jacob Sharp 200 00 Handy & Brenner. . . 200 00 Chas. Koons 200 00 John Horn 200 00 F. L. Bodine 200 00 S. & G. W. Townsend 200 00 Davis & Wickersham 200 00 E. J. Etting & Brother 200 00 Wm. Warner 200 00 Henry Duhring 200 00 Edward S. Willing 200 00 Isaac Norris 200 00 Henry C. Townsend 200 00 Abraham Barker 200 00 Samuel Barton 200 00 Clement Biddle 200 00 Nathan Young 200 00 Chas. Young 200 00 Leon Berg & Co 200 00 John T. Taitt 200 00 Jos. B. Bussier & Co 200 00 C. W. Churchman 200 00 Milne Brothers 200 00 Ward B. Haseltine 200 00 Henry D. Moore 200 00 Solomon Gans 150 00 Percival Roberts 150 00 W. H. Hunter 150 00 D. W. Denison 150 00 Robert P. Desilver 150 00 Employees of Industrial Works, 2029 Callowhill street 150 00 M. Lukens & Co 150 00 Snowden & Brother 150 00 Wm. McFadden & Son 150 00 John Maxson & Son 1 50 00 David Wallace 150 00 John Button & Sons 150 00 Miss Rebecca Gratz , 150 00 Sheppard, Van Harlingen & Ar- rison 150 00 Wm. A. Drown & Co. . . 150 00 Bockius Brothers $150 00 George Watson 150 00 George A. Coffey 150 00 S. M. Felton 150 00 Employees of Asa Whitney & Sons 132 00 Wm. Allen & Sons 125 00 Pemberton S. Hutchinson 125 00 Spencer H. Hazard 125 00 Employees of Union Steam Sugar Refining Company 108 50 Chas. M. Wagner 100 00 John Long 100 00 Geo. R. Harmstead 100 00 A. L. Vansant 100 00 Jos. Gillingham 100 00 0. S. Janney & Co 100 00 T. & F. Evans 100 00 Chas. Penrose 100 00 John Welsh 100 00 Joseph Perot 100 00 E. K. Tryon 100 00 Daniel Dougherty 100 00 James Hopkins 100 00 Arthur Ritchie 100 00 George Helmuth 100 00 John E. Gould 100 00 Samuel Bradford 100 00 Captain R. B. Decan, of ship Westmoreland 100 00 Horace Moses 100 00 Jas. S. Earle & Son 100 00 Thos. McEuen 100 00 W. Schively 100 00 George Mitchell 100 00 H. Geiger & Co 100 00 George W. Toland 100 00 Charles Perot 100 00 Saml. L. Shober 100 00 Mrs. Saml. L. Shober 100 00 S. D. Walton & Co 10000 Eyre & Landell 100 00 Wm. K. Bray 100 00 Jacob Fritz 100 00 Abraham Wilt ; . . 100 00 Thomas C. Love 100 00 Geo. W. Reed & Co 10000 H. Kellogg & Sons 100 00 Henry W. Hensel 100 00 S. Milliken & Co 100 00 1. Peterson & Co 100 00 Dr. Henry W. Rihl 100 00 58 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. James Lesley $10000 John W. Claghorn $10000 B. Hooley & Son Thorn & McKeone G. M. Hickling & Co Aaron A. Hurley Fries & Lehman James Traquair Wm. C. Kudman Dr. L. S. Filbert Thomas Singer Cramp & Sons Wm. Stevenson Chas. Wister John R. Blakiston N. B. Browne Abm. R. Perkins C. Prudden R. Nece Dr. E. Morwitz J. S. Phillips Wm. Chancellor Geo. Dodd & Son James and Joseph Morgan . W. D. Glenn Wm. J. Taylor Tyndale & Mitchell James W. Scott Jacob Hentz J. Henry Wentz Dr. McClintock Geo. R. Smith Frank Haseltine James G. Smith Samuel T. Bodine Isaac Ilazlehurst Troutman & May Thos. II. Speakman James Reisky Brooke & Fuller Pearson Yard Lukens & Montgomery R. M. Dunlevy Amos Ellis Benj. G. Godfrey Win. Y. Colladay J. Smith Harris Amos Briggs Samuel F. Fisher Jrio. R. Worrell Francis Tete Farrel, Herring & Co A. Winchester . . 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 J. V. Cowell John Castner Robert Churchman O. Gilpin Bowen & Fox Arthur G. Coffin . . . L. Herbert L. A. Godey ...'... Charles Schaffer . . . G. Rush Smith . 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 E. P. Middleton & Brother 100 00 Wetherill & Brother 100 00 John Davis 100 00 C. H. Grant 100 00 Wm. Gulager 100 00 Motz & Boehm 100 00 E. C. Pratt 100 00 N. H. Graham 100 00 Altemus & Cozens 100 00 Kates & Foster 100 00 Mrs. Sarah Benners 100 00 Warner & Kline 100 00 Harrold, Williams & Co 100 00 A. Wray&Co 10000 K Chauncey 100 00 John M. Kennedy 100 00 Henry Handy 100 00 John Me Arthur 100 00 Mrs. David Webster 100 00 James Lees 100 00 J. F. Nicholas 100 00 Isaac Ford 100 00 Christopher Bockius 100 00 George Bockius 100 00 James T. Sutton & Co 100 00 Jabez Gates 100 00 O. J. Wister, M. D 100 00 Ridgeway & Rufe 100 00 John Armstrong 100 00 A. Miskey 100 00 Samuel Harney, Jr 100 00 Geo. C. Thomas 100 00 G. W. Can- & Co 100 00 Samuel Lowengrund 100 00 Mrs. H. C. Flickwir 100 00 Joseph R. Chandler 100 00 Joseph W. Ryerss - . 100 00 Robert Clark 100 00 Dr. Wm. Helmuth 100 00 Oruni & Armstrong 100 00 Wm. Henry Rawle 100 00 THE PHILADELPHIA BOUNTY FUND. 59 Wm. Cadwalader $100 00 H. Killion 100 00 Charles Tuller 100 00 Milligan & Carnahan 100 00 John W. Thomas 100 00 Stephen Smith & Sons 100 00 Joseph E. Gillingham 100 00 C. H. Kunkle 100 00 Miss J. Shaw 100 00 James TwaddeU 100 00 John Ross 100 00 J. Whiteside 100 00 Dr. J. T. Sharpless 100 00 Edward E. Law 100 00 Davis & Wickersham 100 00 Howell Evans 100 00 Solomon Conrad 100 00 J. H. Michener & Co 10000 W. & J. Watt 100 00 Goldsmith Brothers 100 00 Jenkins & Co 100 00 Thos. R. Maris 100 00 James B. Watson 100 00 Thos. Dixey 100 00 James Harper 100 00 Employees of James Harper. . . . 100 00 Wilson Jewell 100 00 Miers Busch 100 00 James Field 100 00 Wm. Wagner 10000 Henry Carson 100 00 Mrs. Mary Shields 100 00 J. & G. A. Bender 100 00 Samuel Fox 100 00 Wm. Fox 100 00 Elias G. Cope 100 00 Geiershofer, Loewi & Co 100 00 John B. Stevenson 100 00 James Somers Smith 100 00 Daniel R. Knight 100 00 Dr. Geo. W. Norris 100 00 Chas. L. Desaoque 100 00 Geo. Halfman 100 00 John C. Knox 100 00 Henry Bnmm 100 00 Capt. Henderson 100 00 John Pearce 100 00 I. Binswanger 100 00 Newlin, Zell & Abbott 100 00 Laycock & Holt 100 00 James Hilton 100 00 Francis Lasher . . 100 00 Charles Abbey $100 00 W. L. Maddock & Co 100 00 Wm. Rotch Wister 100 00 Humane Hose Co., No. 4 100 00 George Gordon 100 00 Thomas Dunlap 100 00 Aristides Welsh 100 00 J. Linnard 100 00 James Wilson 100 00 L. Dickerman & Co 100 00 James Dobbiii 100 00 Jacob Haehnlen 100 00 T. P. Stotesbury 100 00 John J. Joyce 100 00 W. H. Clement 100 00 John S. Jenks 100 00 William Randolph 100 00 Patterson, Coane fe Co 100 00 John Vanderkemp 100 00 Harvey Filley 100 00 Philadelphia, Reading and Potts- ville Telegraph Co 100 00 Owen Jones 100 00 A. Elkin 100 00 James H. Mullen 100 00 George Mecke 100 00 Hugh Bridgeport 100 00 Charles E. Lex 100 00 Win. E. Whitman 100 00 Joseph Walton & Co 10000 Thos. F. Wharton 100 00 Edward C. Dale 10000 Farr & Brother 100 00 Allen Cuthbert 100 00 Le Boutillier Brothers 100 00 Penrose Fell. 100 00 Morton C. Rogers 100 00 Stephen Robbins 100 00 W. A. Ingham 100 00 Rev. Joseph D. Newlin 100 00 James Moore 100 00 Webb & Garrett 100 00 Henry Martin 100 00 John Tucker, Jr 100 00 Win. E. Somers 10000 Charles Norris 100 00 Michael Erickson 100 00 Joseph Fisher 100 00 R. N. Lee & Co 10000 John S. Littell 100 00 Norman L. Hart & Co 100 00 Wm. Brown . . 100 00 60 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Henry Cohen $100 00 Wra. C. Watson Henry C. Kellogg A. P. Phillips Robert Adams Wolf, Mayer & Co Joseph Moore Blum, Rau & Co George H. Ashton E. & P. Coleman Pekin Mills Hughes & Muller Alexander Fullerton Rev. Albert Barnes Isaac Rosenbaum John Fareira Robert Lindsay A. Merino D. Samuel & Son Mrs. S. Donaldson Mrs. Eliza F. Sparks Thomas Webster, Jr J. H. Curtis & Son J. Nicholson M. A. Dropsie R. S. M. Camden H. C. Oram & Co J. R. Eckfeldt Wm. E. Dubois C. Stoddart & Brother Richard S. Ashhurst, Jr Dr. John Ashhurst Samuel B. Fales Joseph Kelly & Brother Jos. H. Trotter Geo. II. Thomson P. R. Freas Thomas A. Budd Wm. G. Stevenson Dr. M. C. Shallcross E. Twaddell & Sons Benjamin Rush John H. Campbell George W. Thorn Feustmann & Kaufmann H. G. Leisenring Adolph & Keen Saml. Asbury & Co Daul. K. Grim Aid. John Thompson John B. Colahan M. J. & C. Croll . . 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 John Wiegand $100 00 Rev. Dr. Dorr 100 00 Nathan T. Clapp 100 00 Washington Jones 100 00 Miss Sydney Paul 100 00 Mrs. E. P. Wilson 100 00 Thomas Manderson 100 00 Edward Perot 100 00 F. W. Ralston 100 00 E. B. Gardette 100 00 Joshua Lippincott 100 00 Jacob Goldsmith 100 00 Charles Williams 100 00 George K. Ziegler 100 00 John Wister, Jr 100 00 Hon. R. C. Grier 100 00 Albert C. Roberts 100 00 John Philbin 100 00 Besson & Son 100 00 A. H. Franciscus 100 00 Robert Allen 100 00 Charles Wells 100 00 S. Mayer & Brother 100 00 C. B. & E. M. Smith 100 00 Warner, Miskey & Merrill 100 00 Employees of Naylor & Co 100 00 Tenbrook & Brother 100 00 John C. Cresson 100 00 Charles A. Rubicam 100 00 Jacob T. Williams 100 00 Hon. J. I. Clark Hare 100 00 Edward Watson & Co 100 00 Thomas J. Miles 100 00 Wilson C. Swann 100 00 Henry Cramond 100 00 Philip S. P. Connor 100 00 Frankford Mutual Insurance Co. 100 00 Patterson & Boulton 100 00 Edward Shippen 100 00 James W. Queen 100 00 Edwin Clinton 100 00 William Neal 100 00 Charles M. Neal 100 00 Charles Fuller 100 00 Wm. Weightman 100 00 Isaac Koons 100 00 M. S. Bulkley 100 00 Lewis Albertson 100 00 Henry Tilge & Co 100 00 Stanhope & Suplee , 100 00 Operatives of Police and Fire Alarm Telegraph 100 00 THE PHILADELPHIA BOUNTY FUND. 61 John W. & W. F. Simes $100 00 G-eo. S. Lang $100 00 C. H. Garden & Co. J. W. Forsyth Wm. Morris Henry Bower Wm. Hogg, Sr Oliphant & Dell . . . Michener & Morris. J. & T. Gillespie . . . H. C. Fox J. 0. D. Christman . Thos. K. Williams . James Davis Jacob Snyder Henry R. Gilbert . . Samuel C. Ford . . . Theodore Megargee Fisher & Brother. . Wm. S. Allen John Gamble H. A. Pue . 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 Harris L. Sproat 100 00 Mutual Fire Insurance Company 100 00 James S. Chambers 100 00 John Linn 100 00 C. B. Mench 100 00 Daniel M. Fox 100 00 Elijah Davis 100 00 Thomas R. Bitting 100 00 M. Moyer 100 00 J. Geo. Smith 100 00 David R. Garrison 100 00 Mrs. Sarah A. Brown 100 00 Catherwood & Winebrener .... 100 00 Reeve & Knight 100 00 J. & A. Kemper 100 00 Field & Hardie 100 00 All other sums, those given anon- ymously, and those under one hundred dollars 31,610 67 Total $487,233 43 i The following is a statement of the receipts and expenditures, as rendered by the trustees of the fund : RECEIPTS. Subscriptions to the Bounty and Defence Fund $487,233 43 Interest on a portion temporarily invested 4,910 09 Total $492,143 52 1862. EXPENDITURES FROM THE BOUNTY FUND. Bounties to Pennsylvania Volunteers $172,573 03 Bounties to United States Regulars and Marines 6,350 00 Premiums and remunerations to captains to promote recruiting , 57,004 00 Expenses of ward meetings to encourage recruiting. . . 796 44 Expenses of fitting up temporary barracks 212 70 Expenses of recruiting camps and offices, bands of music, flags, &c 4,453 63 Travelling expenses of committee 393 20 Expenses of advertising 4,064 07 Expenses of printing posters, blanks, stationery, books, &c 1,422 61 Expenses of telegraphing 54 14 Salaries of clerks and messengers 1,147 42 $248,470 24 62 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. $492,143 52 EXPENDITURES FROM THE DEFENCE FUND. Allowance made to volunteers called out by the procla- mation of the governor for the defence of the state. $28,110 00 Allowance made to United States seamen sent from the Navy Yard to the frontier with naval batteries, at the request of the governor 561 25 Paid for carbines for Captain E. Spencer Miller's Artil- lery Company (to be returned to the committee should this company disband) 1,600 00 $30,271 25 1863. EXPENDITURES FROM THE BOUNTY FUND. Bounties and premiums to Pennsylvania volunteers and militia $153,485 00 Bounties to United States Eegulars 200 00 Contributions and premiums to companies and captains to promote recruiting 4,216 00 Distribution to the Ward Bounty Committees, to aid in avoiding the draft 15,015 00 Allowance to regiments and to recruiting officers for organizing and other extra expenses 1,335 63 Travelling expenses of committee 154 70 Expenses of stationery, blanks, postages, and stamps. . 99 25 Expenses of advertising 1,424 73 Salaries of paymaster and clerks 1,720 23 177,650 54 EXPENDITURES FROM THE DEFENCE FUND. Cost of revolvers furnished to Capt. Isaac Starr's (Jr.) company of artillery $1,515 63 Expenses of furnishing horses to the Dana Troop for service during the summer of 1863 3,624 15 Expenses of reboring two batteries of cannon from rifled to smooth-bore, in the summer of 1863 175 85 Advance to the First Troop, Philadelphia City Cavalry on their claim on the government for their expenses when in service in the summer of 1863 4,964 16 Ammunition furnished to the Hamilton Rifle Corps for services during the summer of 1863 199 50 Appropriation to the First Regiment Reserve Brigade (Gray Reserves), to aid in establishing a fund for their permanent support as a regiment 11,000 00 1864. Paid Captain E. Spencer Miller, to aid in equipping and maintaining the howitzer battery under his command 1,009 00 Paid the Second Regiment Reserve Brigade (Blue Re- serves), to aid in furnishing new uniforms 1,209 00 Stamps 38 23,697 67 THE CAMBRIDGE LIFE INSURANCE FUND. 63 Bounties and premiums to Pennsylvania volunteers and militia $1,732 50 Expenses of advertising, &c 213 03 On deposit as follows : In the Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, at the credit of the disbursing agents, reserved to meet outstanding bounty certificates and other dues to volunteers . . . $7,930 12 In the Farmers and Mechanics' Bank, at the credit of the treasurer, reserved to meet outstanding dues to the militia and expenses 2,178 17 $492,143 52 $1,945 53 10,108 29 Total $492,143 52 $492,143 52 This is a noble record ; but we can add to its proportions by stating that the coal dealers contributed to a fund of their own, which reached $50,000 ; that the members of the Corn Exchange gave bounties of twenty-five dollars per man to a regiment of one thousand ; and that an association of Market street merchants paid similar bounties to the Merchants' Eegiment ; and even this would not exhaust the catalogue of Quaker belligerence, as seen in its pecuniary expression. To stimulate recruiting by offering bounties to volunteers is one way of serving one's country; to effect the same object by insuring their lives is another. This was done in many places, and as an example we take the case of Cambridge, Massachusetts. The idea was proposed in July, 1862, and by the middle of August $25,000 were obtained, and this sum was still further increased, as the following table shows : Charles Beck $2,000 "William F. Stearns 2,000 Luke Carter 1,000 George Livermore 1,000 J. P. Melledge 1,000 J. Warren Merrill 1,000 Richardson, Deane & Co 1,000 J. M. S. Williams 1,000 Richard M. Hodges 600 Thomas G. Appleton 500 Thomas Dana 500 David Humphrey 500 Henry W. Longfellow 500 William Read 500 Alanson Bigelow 300 Samuel Batchelder 300 Charles Cushman . 300 Curtis Davis Eben M. Dunbar John 0. Dodge Henry O. Houghton . . Lewis Hall Charles L. Jones Lucius A. Jones Charles C. Little Nathaniel G. Manson. Charles E. Norton . . . C. H. P. Plympton . . . Samuel B. Rindge S. S. Sleeper Arthur Wilkinson P. Francis Wells Willard Phillips George L. Ward ... . 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 250 250 64 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Jared Sparks $250 Chas. Theo. Russell $100 George W. Abbott 200 Solomon Sargent 100 Mrs. E. H. Blatchford 200 Benjamin G. Smith 100 Charles F. Choate 200 Eben Snow 100 Charles W. Eliot ". .' . 200 Henry Thayer & Co 100 David B. Flint 200 J. A. Wellington 100 Rob. O. Fuller .- 200 J. C. Wellington 100 Gardiner G. Hubbard <*. 200 E. P. Whitman 100 Estes Howe 200 Win. L. Whitney 100 J. Russell Lowell 200 Joseph E. Worcester 100 Samuel F. Nay 200 Frederick Gould 75 Louis Agassiz 150 Augustus Russ 75 Stephen G. Davis 150 Allen & Endicott 50 Henry R. Glover 150 Richard F. Bond 50 Edward W. Kinsley 150 A. Z. Brown 50 George Meacham 150 Daniel S. Brown 50 Theo. Parsons 150 Wm. P. Butterfield 50 Robert B. Storer 150 F. L. Chapman 50 Emery Washburn 150 Hosea Clark 50 James S. Whitney 150 Edward R. Cogswell 50 Warren Bacon 100 Richard H. Dana, Jr 50 George W. Colburn , 100 Eliphalet Davis 50 Levi Conant 100 Charles Eaton 50 Charles H. Cummings 100 S. T. Farwell 50 Charles Davenport 100 P. F. Folsom 50 Alexander Dickinson ... 100 A. T. Frothingham 50 Ezra C. Dyer ... 100 Miss Mary Harris 50 George L. Foote 100 H. N. Hovey 50 Charles C. Foster 100 J. S. March 50 John C. Gray 100 Arthur Merrill 50 Joseph Goodnow 100 Lucius R. Page 50 H. R. Harding . .. 100 J. Stacy Read 50 A. E. Hildreth 100 Edward Richardson 50 Edward Hixon 100 Wm. T. Richardson 50 Avery F. Howe 100 Nathaniel D. Sawin 50 Edward Hyde 100 Wm. V. Spencer 50 George Lucy 100 D. H. Thurston 50 J. N. Merriam 100 J. H. Tyler 50 Mrs. A. L. Mering 100 Moses Warren 50 Joel Parker 100 O. W. Watris 50 O. Pickering 100 John Conlan 25 Geo. C. Piper 100 Converse Francis 25 Henry C. Rand 100 J. H. Sparrow 25 Z. L. Raymond 100 Abel Willard 25 Total.. ..$27,650 Of this amount, the sum of $10,000 was appropriated to the procuring of one hundred and seven policies, and a committee was appointed to consider what disposition should be made of the remainder. The decision made was SERVICE WITHOUT COMPENSATION. 65 that this balance should be loaned to the City of Cambridge at six per cent interest, and that the interest should be used in assisting deserving persons. It was also determined that, at the end of the war, the whole fund should be devoted to the purchase of life annuities, or other permanent provision, for sick and disabled soldiers, or for the widow, child or children, or parent, who may have been left destitute by the death of the husband, father, or son, deceased in the service of the United States. During the first year after the payment of the premium upon the one hundred and seven policies, twelve soldiers died, and $6,000 were conse- quently paid in by the insurance company to the trustees of the fund, and were distributed by them among the twelve bereaved families. Several soldiers having been discharged or disabled, the trustees made them presents of their policies, the returned men to pay the succeeding premiums. On the 1st of July, 1862, Mr. Wm. H. Aspinwall sent to the War Depart- ment a check for $25,290.60, being the amount of his commissions upon certain purchases abroad of Enfield rifles, made through the house of Howland & Aspinwall. He was glad, he added, to be able to serve the government in its hour of trial, without compensation. The Secretary of War ordered the thanks of the department to be tendered to Mr. Aspinwall for this manifesta- tion of a disinterested and patriotic spirit. On the invasion of the State of Pennsylvania, in the summer of 1863, the Union League of Philadelphia resolved to abandon a celebration of the 4th of July, for which they had long been preparing, and, with the concurrence of the subscribers, to use the money contributed for that purpose, together with such other funds as could be obtained, in assisting the government to repel the enemy. Eighty thousand dollars were collected in less than a week, and three regiments of three months' men were organized, equipped, and sent forward before their services were needed. The "Dana Troop" were assisted in their preparations, and their departure was thus greatly hastened. On the return of the three regiments, the League determined to send one regiment, if possible, to serve for three years or the war. They were successful in this, and the regiment the One Hundred and Eighty-third Pennsylvania left for the field in the early part of the winter. During the year 1864, two full regiments were recruited and sent to the front, one the One Hundred and Ninty-sixth Pennsylvania for one hundred days, the other the One Hun- dred and Ninty-eighth for one year, besides a battalion of four companies, for the same term, attached to the latter. Thus, in eighteen months, six regiments and a battalion of thoroughly equipped men were added to the 66 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. armies by the exertions of the League, and at their expense, the total outlay being somewhat over $100,000. Not content with this, the Military Com- mittee did what was possible, from time to time, to fill up the ranks of the wasted battalions. On the 12th of February, 1864, General Hancock wrote the following letter to a number of gentlemen in New York : "HEADQUARTERS KECRUITING SERVICE, SECOND ARMY CORPS, February 12#A, 1864. " Messrs. George Cabot Ward, Stephen Hyatt, Parker Handy, Theodore Roosevelt, Daniel Devlin, George Bliss, Jr. : " GENTLEMEN, " You will greatly oblige me, if, in connection with any other gentlemen whom you may associate with yourselves, you will undertake to raise and disburse the funds needed to promote recruiting for the New York regiments of the Second Army Corps. " The existing bounties are quite large enough, but there are many other ways in which money can be used to promote volunteering with great advan- tage. I am, gentlemen, your obedient servant, ""WINFIELD S. HANCOCK, " Major- General U.S. Vols." The gentlemen thus addressed, and sixteen others who were added to the committee, appealed to the citizens of New York for subscriptions to carry out the object thus indicated, the New York regiments in the Second Corps being thirteen in number. The sum of forty thousand dollars was obtained, and, as long as the city paid a bounty for men, the committee procured a large number of recruits ; when the supervisors stopped the bounty and volunteering ceased, certain measures adopted by the committee gave it a renewed impetus. The number of men enlisted for the Second Army Corps, through these eiforts, appears in the following figures : Volunteers for the Second Army Corps .... 2,535 Substitutes assigned to the Second Army Corps . . 313 " who preferred M ^ 243 3,091 besides some seventy men sent to other commands. REPRESENTATIVE RECRUITS. 67 "We have said, more than once, that our plan did not embrace either appro- priations or loans ; but we might have made a reservation in regard to loans made, in a patriotic spirit, upon bad or insufficient security. The following instance is a type of investments of this nature. The mayor of Jersey City called upon Mr. John Anderson, of New York, and laid the case of his con- stituents before him. A draft was progressing, he said, in Jersey City ; men were plenty, but the city was unable to pay the necessary bounties, and, under these circumstances, no one would enlist; and the city's credit was, at this period, to say the least of it, poor, and money could not be obtained, without great sacrifice, by a sale of its bonds. "Would Mr. Anderson lend Jersey City $60,000, and take the chance of repayment? This was an unexpected pro- posal, and Mr. Anderson requested time to consider it, say till the next day, at ten in the morning. At the appointed hour, the Jersey functionary reap- peared before Mr. Anderson, and received from him the assurance that if $60,000, loaned on security that capitalists considered inadequate, would save Jersey City from the draft, and place a certain number of able-bodied men in the army, Jersey City should be spared and the ranks recruited. We have ventured to include this act in our record of private munificence, and we doubt not that moneyed men at least will bear us out, even though interest may have been punctually paid, and though the principal may, in course of time, be duly redeemed. We defer mention of the funds raised for the recruiting of colored regi- ments to a later portion of this book ; the event itself happened only in the fulness of time, and it is but proper to delay the chronicle thereof till the fitting hour and season. One method and a peculiarly American one of increasing the efficiency of the army, remains to be noticed. When the draft was resorted to as a means of filling the ranks, the exemption of a large portion of the community, by reason of age, sex, or infirmity, was a necessary consequence. And yet those exempted were no less interested in the result than those upon whom the lot fell ; a man who had spent fifty years in the accumulation of property was not indifferent to the fate of the country because of his whitening hairs ; a man might in some way be curtailed of his fair proportions, without, for that, feeling that he had less at stake than his neighbor ; and a woman might desire to have a champion to represent her, personally, in a fight in which she could not herself engage. Hence arose a class of substitutes called " representative recruits :" men voluntarily sent, and their bounty paid, by persons upon whom the provost-marshal had no claim. Every man thus secured was a clear gain to 68 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the army ; he was in no sense what is understood by the term substitute, but, literally, an addition to the arms-bearing population. The effect was precisely as if the man of sixty, quaffing a draught from the fountain of youth, regained his vigor and shouldered his musket ; as if the hunchback found a knapsack where his hump had been, and hastened with his lighter burden to the front ; as if those of our mothers, sisters, and wives, who sent their representatives, had been erroneously registered in the census, and had really been entitled to entry in the unprepossessing column. Many thousands of recruits of this kind were sent to the armies in 1863-64 ; it is impossible to fix upon the number with precision. It can only be said that many who could not fight in person, fought by proxy ; and of exempts, who had the means to send a represen- tative, and yet failed to do so, it must be said, that upon them, as a class, has fallen the largest share of the voluntary burdens of the war. Many a man has sent no representative recruit, who, if his signatures and subscriptions from the beginning be counted, will be found to have given enough to purchase a dozen such. We have thus touched, in a discursive way, upon the principal methods and devices to which private bounty has resorted to fill and replenish the army. Compelled to compress the matter of a volume into a score of pages, we have treated the subject by examples, and have sought to make one inci- dent stand for thousands, and one generous act the spokesman for its countless fellows. At any rate, the army is in the field, and during four trying though not exhausting years, its numbers have been kept full. But was this army sprung from the loins of the people, forgotten or neglected by those who stayed at home ? Was it left to grapple, unassisted, not only with the enemy, but with disease and inexperience, those scourges of the camp and hospital ? Were its wounded left to official care and to the routine of the medical bureau ? Were its spiritual interests abandoned to those to whom army regulations com- mitted them to one man in a thousand ? Was the cold shoulder turned to the disabled soldier ? Were the widow and orphan left to beg ? Was the republic ungrateful, and did it disown its great men whom time brought to the surface, and whom their own achievements kept there ? And if charity shall be naturally found to have begun at home, shall we find that it ended there? Were the unhappy victims upon the border left to perish in utter misery ? Were the men, women, and children in foreign lands, thrown out of work by our terrible struggle, and still desiring no disgraceful compromise, abandoned to their fate ? And if these and other self-imposed duties shall prove to have been worthily discharged, did all other charities languish, and THE PEOPLE AND THE ARMY. 69 were other works of philanthropy suspended ? The reader's answer springs to his lips. No one in this country, and few in Europe, need to be told how the army has been sustained, not only by the prayers and faith, but by the labors and sacrifices, of the American people ; but it is worth while to consider the modes and processes through which the people rose to a sense of the duty which they were called upon to assume. The tender solicitude of the people for its army ; its anxiety to make it efficient to serve the land of its birth, and worthy to aspire to the better land hereafter ; the building of hospitals and soldiers' homes; the founding of asylums; the sending of food across the mountains and over the sea, to friends and even to foes ; the argument which convinced the country that these things were to be done, and liberally done ; the devices by which the spirit of well-doing was revived, if it ever faltered ; the ingenuity by which communities were made to labor together as one man and for one object these, and the many other benevolent schemes to which the rebellion has given birth, form the theme and matter of these pages. CHAPTEE III. THE EARLIER AID SOCIETIES. -.' BIZ AND EIGHTY-SIX KNITTING FOE THE SOLDIERS. IF the men of America sprang to arms with alacrity, the women of the country applied themselves to those labors for which their strength fitted them with enthusiasm. Lint had been scraped and bandages rolled before blood was shed at Baltimore. Without knowledge of their own, and for a long time without guidance, they worked with zeal, though it was often, of necessity, aimless and unreflecting. Organization was for the first few weeks hardly thought of, and concert of action only came with the certainty that, without it, all effort to assist the government, in this direction, must fail. Societies were formed here and there in New England, Ohio, and New York, and as these may be said to have led to the establishment of the great philan- thropic enterprises of which the country is now so justly proud, a few words upon each of them, in the order of their foundation, may not be out of place. The ladies of Bridgeport, Connecticut, met on the 15th of April, the day on which the President's call for troops appeared, and they commenced their labors that afternoon. The future treasurer of the Bunker Hill Aid Society of Charlestown, Massachusetts, conceived the idea of such an association on the same day ; though the roll was not signed by the co-operating ladies AID FROM LOWELL. 71 until the 19th. On the 20th a meeting was called by the mayor of Lowell, " for the purpose of initiating measures for the comfort, encouragement, and relief of citizen soldiers." Judge Crosby, one of the twenty gentlemen who attended the meeting,* appears to have been the first to propose and lay down certain definite objects to be attained by concerted action. He presented the following memoranda of the methods by which assistance could be ren- dered : " 1. By gathering such funds and supplies as may be necessary. "2. By supplying nurses for the sick or wounded when and as far as practicable. " 3. By bringing home such sick and wounded as may be proper. "4. By purchasing clothing, provisions, and matters of comfort which rations and camp allowances may not provide, and which would contribute to the soldier's happiness. "5. By placing in camp such bibles, books, and papers as would instruct and amuse their days of rest and quiet, and keep them informed of passing events. " 6. By gathering the dates and making a record of the names and history of each soldier and his services. " 7. By holding constant communication with paymasters or other officers of our regiments, that friends may interchange letters and packages." The Soldiers' Aid Association of Lowell was founded upon this basis, Judge Crosby being elected president, Mr. S. W. Stickney, treasurer, and Mr. M. C. Bryant, secretary, and it at once entered upon a career of usefulness and prosperity. The Soldiers' Aid Society of Cleveland was organized upon the same 20th of April, and its first act was to raise a fund for the temporary support of the families of three months' men. It has since become one of the most impor- tant of the auxiliaries of the Sanitary Commission. With these exceptions, the sympathies of the country, the industry of twenty millions of people, longing to be usefully employed, were totally without organization. While, in the military department, inexperienced as * NATHAN CROSBY, J. G. ABBOTT, ELISHA HUNTINGTON, T. II. SWEETZER, WM. A. BURKE, J. T. McDERMOTT, WM. S. SOUTHWORTH, TAPPAN WENTWORTH, SEWELL G. MACK, JAMES C. AVER, FREDERICK HINKLEY, S. W. STICKNEY, JOHN A. GOODWIN, M. C. BRYANT, L. B. MORSE, JAMES G. CARNEY, LINUS CHILDS, WM. G. WISE, A. L. BROOKS, C. L. KNAPP. 72 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. all taking service were, there was a certain degree of order, while each embryo company had its captain, and each regiment on paper its colonel and quarter- master, those whose capacities and tastes threw them into the battalions of relief were without head, without system ; there was no method, no economy, no co-operation. There were thimble societies, picket societies, circles, asso- ciations ; and all were in want of information and guidance. The churches, parlors, schools, and even the nurseries, were alive with industrious and zealous labor ; but zeal and industry were alike thrown away for want o/ discipline and direction. Should this state of things continue, the cause which all had so much at heart must be seriously imperilled. It was clear that the benevolence of the women of the country must be turned into one general current, and be made to flow regularly in one channel. Most fortu- nately, providentially, the first plan suggested succeeded. An informal meeting of ladies of New York was held on April 25th, at the Infirmary for Women ; an appeal to the women of New York was drawn up and signed, and was published in the papers of Monday, the 29th. After stating the importance of concentration and system, and disclaiming for all existing circles and societies any desire to lead or claim precedence over others, the ladies whose names were appended to this paper proposed that the women of New York should meet at Cooper Institute, to confer together and to appoint a general committee, with power to organize the benevolent purposes of all in a common movement. To effect this it seemed necessary to keep two objects especially in view : first, the contribution of skill, labor, and money, in the preparation of lint, bandages, and stores ; arid second, the offer of personal service as nurses. In regard to the first, it would be important to obtain and disseminate exact official information as to the wants of the army, through a committee having this department in hand, which, by letter and through the press, should put itself in communication with similar associations throughout the country. And in regard to the second point, experience having shown the inefficiency of all but picked and skilled women upon the field or in the hospital, the zeal of ninety-nine one-hundred ths of the women of the land should be concentrated upon finding, equipping, and sending forward the other hundredth, of suitable age, condition, tempera- ment and training. The meeting took place, the large hall being completely filled with the wives, mothers, and daughters of New York, a large body of clergymen, physicians, lawyers, and philanthropists occupying the platform. Mr. David Dudley Field was called to the chair, and set forth the object of the meeting. . THE WOMEN'S CENTRAL ASSOCIATION OF RELIEF. 73 The Eev. Dr. Bellows spoke of the importance of female action in such a crisis as the present, reminding his hearers how the mothers and sisters of the first American Kevolution had imparted courage to the fathers and brothers who had gone forth to battle ; and it was no evil omen to find an earnest of the same moral aid being extended to their descendants. Dr. Wood, on behalf of the medical gentlemen of Bellevue Hospital, said that they were ready to render assistance, either by advice or by the training of nurses at their establishment ; they would take at least fifty, and support and qualify them. Dr. Mott remarked that the lint which had been already pre- pared could hardly be consumed in a seven years' war, and deprecated a continuance of such unprofitable labor. After several addresses, all practical and to the point, the committee appointed to prepare a plan of operations reported certain " Articles of Organization," of which the following is an abstract : I. The women of New York hereby associate themselves as a Committee of the Whole, to furnish comforts, stores and nurses, in aid of the medical staff. n. To give the advantages of organization to the scattered efforts of the women of the country, they resolve themselves into a Women's Central Asso- ciation of Belief. III. Its objects shall be to collect and disseminate information upon the actual and prospective wants of the army ; to establish recognized relations with the medical staff, and to act as an auxiliary to it; to establish and sustain a central depot of stores; to solicit and accept the aid of all local associations which may choose to act through this society ; and to open a bureau for the examination and registration of nurses. ******* YL The Financial Committee shall solicit, guard, and disburse the funds of the association. The treasurer shall acknowledge all contributions of moneys or stores in the public papers. Subscriptions shall be solicited through the press. The operations of the association shall proceed upon a scale commen- surate with the funds received, and donations are hereby requested. VII. The Executive Committee shall establish direct relations with the central medical authorities ; shall obtain and diffuse information for the gui- dance of affiliated associations ; shall keep the women of the country advised of the best direction their industry can take ; shall superintend the reception and transfer of stores ; and shall devise ways and means of increasing the usefulness of the association. 74 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. VIII. The Kegistration Committee shall have charge of the bureau for examining and registering those offering themselves as nurses, in rooms soon to be opened in a convenient quarter of the city. IX. The Board of Management shall consist of twelve ladies and twelve gentlemen; it shall appoint the officers of the association; it shall meet weekly, during the war, five constituting a quorum ; and it shall consist of the following persons : MRS. HAMILTON FISH, DR. VALENTINE MOTT, " H. BAYLIS, JOHN D. WOLFE, " H. D. SWEET, HECTOR MORRISON, " CHAS. ABERNETHY, FREDERICK L. OLMSTED, Miss E. BLACKWELL, GEO. F. ALLEN, MRS. CYRUS W. FIELD, DR. ELISHA HARRIS, u G. L. SCHUYLER, " MARKOE, " D'OREMIEULX, " DRAPER, " DR. ED. BAYARD, EEV. DR. HAGUE, " CHRISTINE GRIFFIN, " BELLOWS, " V. BOTTA, " A. D. SMITH, " C. M. KIRKLAND, EEV. MORGAN Dix. The Board of Management, the composition of which, however, was soon after modified by resignations and new appointments, met immediately, and completed the organization of the association by the choice of the following officers and committees : President, VALENTINE MOTT, M. D. Vice- President, HENRY "W. BELLOWS, D. D. Secretary, GEORGE F. ALLEN. Treasurer, HOWARD POTTER. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. H. W. Bellows, D. D., Chairman, Valentine Mott, M. D., Frederick L. Olmsted, T. d'Oremieulx, Miss Ellen Collins, W. H. Draper, M. D., Mrs. G. L. Schuyler, G. F. Allen. THE WOMEN'S CENTRAL ASSOCIATION OF RELIEF. 75 KEGISTRATION COMMITTEE. Miss E. Blackwell, M. D., Chairman, Mrs. "W. P. Griffin, Secretary, " H. Baylis, " J. A. Swett, " Y. Botta, " C. Abernethy, Wm. A. Muhlenberg, D. D., E. Harris, M. D. FINANCE COMMITTEE. Howard Potter, Mrs. Hamilton Fish, Chairman, John D. Wolfe, " C. M. Kirkland, William Hague, D. D., " C. W. Field, T. M. Markoe, M. D., Asa D. Smith, D. D. The reader will hardly fail to see that this society, in its objects, organiza- tion and plan, contained the germ of what was afterwards the United States Sanitary Commission. The one grew logically out of the other. For a time, however, the Belief Association proceeded alone, its members working with earnestness and faith. A most arduous labor one of which the public has little idea was performed by the Committee on Eegistrations. Women had never been employed as nurses in the army, soldiers drafted from the ranks for that purpose having previously discharged the duty. The govern- ment, therefore, had made no preparation for lodging, paying, or even recog- nizing women as nurses. It became necessary to commence afresh, and in this work the committee met with unlocked for difficulties and discouragements. The medical education of the chairman, Miss Blackwell, however, and the energy of the associate members, enabled them to overcome the one and speedily recover from the other. Ninety-one nurses were prepared and sent forward during the first year, the association paying for the outfit and journey of all, and even the salaries of those first dispatched ; the government, how- ever, afterwards assumed the payment of salaries. The Finance Committee collected during the year nearly $10,000, by far the larger part in New York. To the labors of the chairman, Mrs. Hamilton Fish, more than half of this sum was due. Two hundred and forty thousand articles were received and dis- tributed ; the estimated value of them was not far from $140,000. The Executive Committee transferred its duties at an early date to a sub- committee on supplies, of which Miss Ellen Collins was, and still is, chairman. The work of sorting, packing, and marking goods was done entirely by ladies, the best of volunteer aids. " We have met with no rebuffs," writes Miss Collins in her first report, " and our appeals have been answered with ready 76 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. and willing hands and hearts. Throughout the heats of summer and storms of winter, the little sewing circle of twelve or fifteen members have kept up their weekly meetings. Only those who have seen our letters, all breathing the same spirit of love and patriotism, from the little villages and homes hundreds of miles away, can appreciate the sacrifices and the noble spirit of these true-hearted, loyal women." We need not pursue the history of the Women's Central Association of Eelief beyond the first year, absorbed, as it was, at so early a date, in the Sanitary Commission. The ladies connected with it have the gratification and the pride of knowing that their names are linked, henceforth and forever, with one of the noblest enterprises of modern philanthropy. It was, doubtless, far from their thoughts, when they invited their fellow-countrywomen to meet them in conference, that they were laying the foundations of an edifice that should endure longer than buildings made with hands ; that none would be able to read of the American rebellion without reading of them and their works ; nor could they have imagined that the plan upon which they then proposed to act, and the idea which they proposed to carry out, were destined to do such honor to themselves and their country, to extort the admiration of the foe and the approval of mankind. *..'? i- .-. , t* ' t \ / , y.K .TV - . .,. CHAPTEE IV. E have seen in what desultory manner the effort on the part of the people to aid the government in the matter of supplies, hospital clothing, and of medical stores, commenced. Scores of aid societies were in existence by the middle of May. Thousands of hands were already busy in sewing, knitting, cutting, mending, and thousands more were ready to help, if once assured that their labor could be rightly directed. It was well known that bandages were to be cut and rolled, shirts made, stockings knit, medicines, wines, jellies prepared ; but how these were to be distributed, what quantities of each would be required, were matters of which all were ignorant. Still, seventy-five thousand men had been called from their homes, to meet disease and death upon the field and in 78 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the camp ; it was possible that hundreds of thousands more might still be called upon ; and the medical staff of the army, as it existed at this time, was notoriously unable to grapple with the tremendous difficulties which lay before it. It was plain that the first duty of those who, unable to aid the government by shouldering a musket, still wished to serve their country according to their strength, was to come to an understanding with the central authorities as to what they could do and would do, and what they could not do and yet wanted done. Delegates from the Women's Central Association of Eelief, from the " New York Medical Association for Furnishing Hospital Supplies in Aid of the Army," and from the "Advisory Committee of the Board of Physicians and Surgeons of the Hospitals of New York," visited Washington towards the middle of May, and on the 18th of the month addressed a communication to the Secretary of War upon the subject of special measures of prevention of disease in the now rapidly gathering army, and of the utilization of voluntary contributions from the people. In this communication were the following passages : "The present is essentially a people's war. The hearts and minds, the bodies and souls, of the whole people and of both sexes, throughout the loyal states, are in it. " Convinced, by inquiries made here, of the practical difficulty of reconci- ling the claims of their own and numerous similar associations in other cities with the regular workings of the Commissariat and the Medical Bureau, the undersigned respectfully ask that a mixed commission of civilians, distin- guished for their philanthropic experience and acquaintance with sanitary matters, of medical men and of military officers, be appointed by the govern- ment, who shall be charged with the duty of investigating the best means of methodizing and reducing to practical service the already active but undirected benevolence of the people towards the army ; who shall consider the general subject of the prevention of sickness and suffering among the troops; and suggest the wisest methods which the people at large can use to manifest their good will towards the comfort, security, and health of the army. " It must be well known to the Department of War that several such commissions followed the Crimean and Indian wars. The civilization and humanity of the age and of the American people demand that such a com- mission should precede our second war of independence more sacred than the first. We wish to prevent the evils which England and France could only investigate and deplore." THE SANITAEY COMMISSION. 79 Four days after the date of this document, the Acting Surgeon-General of the Army, after stating, in a note to the Secretary of War, that the pressure upon his bureau had been unexpectedly severe, and that the means at his disposal, though effectively used, had proved insufficient, added : " The Medi- cal Bureau would, in my judgment, derive important and useful aid from the counsels and well-directed efforts of an intelligent and scientific commission, to be styled ' A Commission of Inquiry and Advice in respect to the Sanitary Interests of the United States Forces,' and acting in co-operation with this bureau, with reference to the diet and hygiene of troops and the organization of military hospitals." The next day the committee of delegates laid a statement in outline of the plan and powers they desired to recommend before the Secretary of War, suggesting that the commission would ask for no legal authority, but only the official sanction and moral countenance of the government, which would be secured by its public appointment ; it desired only a recommendatory order, addressed in its favor to all officers of the government, to farther its inquiries, and the permission to correspond and confer, on a confidential footing, with the Medical Bureau and the War Department upon all topics connected with their duties. The paper went on to say : "The commission would inquire with scientific thoroughness into the subjects of diet, cooking, cooks, clothing, tents, camping grounds, transports, transitory depots, with their exposures, camp police, with reference to settling the question how far the regulations of the army proper are or can be practi- cally carried out among the volunteer regiments, and what changes or modifi- cations are desirable from their peculiar character and circumstances. Every- thing appertaining to outfit, cleanliness, precautions against damp, cold, heat, malaria, infection; crude, unvaried, or ill-cooked food, and an irregular or careless regimental commissariat, would fall under this head. " The commission would inquire into the organization of military hospitals, general and regimental ; the precise regulations and routine through which the services of the patriotic women of the country could be made available as nurses; the nature and sufficiency of hospital supplies; the question of ambulances and field services, and of extra medical aid ; and whatever else relates to the care, relief, and cure of the sick and wounded." These printed statements, addressed to the War Department preliminary to the institution of the Sanitary Commission, bore the signatures of Henry W. Bellows, D. D. ; W. H. Van Buren, M. D. ; J. Harsen, M. D. ; and Elisha Harris, M. D., delegates from the three above mentioned New York societies. 80 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. There seems to be no reason to doubt that the President and Secretary of War both looked upon this scheme as visionary and sentimental ; as an idea originating with well meaning, benevolent people, but one that would bear no fruit when confronted with the terrible realities of the field and hospital. The earnestness and the high social and professional position of its advocates might all have gone for naught, had not the Surgeon-General, in the document already quoted from, asked for some such assistance, and represented his bureau as likely to be overwhelmed unless aid were afforded from without. "I confess now," said a member of the cabinet, two years later, "that I had no faith in the commission when it started prophesied that it would upset itself in six months, and that we should be lucky if it did not help to upset us ! None of us had faith in it ; but it seemed easier to let it destroy itself than to resist the popular urgency which called so lustily for a trial of it. I am free to confess that it has been of the greatest service to the country, that it has occasioned none of the evils expected from it, and that it has lived down all the fears and misgivings of the government. I hear from no quarter a word against it." The official warrant creating the commission issued from the "War Office on the 9th of June, though it was not signed by the President till the 13th. This paper specified the objects to which the commission should direct its inquiries, and appointed the persons who should compose it. These were as follows : President, Rev. HENEY W. BELLOWS, D. D., New York. Vice-President, Prof. A. D. BACHE, LL. D., Washington. Corresponding Secretary, ELISHA HAEEIS, M. D., New York. GEOEGE W. CULLUM, U. S. A., Washington. ALEXANDEE E. SHIEAS, U. S. A., Washington. EOBEET C. WOOD, M. D., U. S. A., Washington. WILLIAM H. VAN BUEEN, M. D., New York. WOLCOTT GIBBS, M. D., New York. COENELIUS R. AGNEW, M. D., New York GEOEGE T. STEONG, New York. FEEDEEICK LAW OLMSTED, New York. SAMUEL G. HOWE, M. D., Boston. J. S. NEWBEEEY, M. D., Cleveland. THE SANITARY COMMISSION. 81 To these were subsequently added : HORACE BINNEY, Jr., Philadelphia ; Et. Kev. THOMAS M. CLARK, D. D., Providence; Hon. JOSEPH HOLT, Kentucky ; K. "W. BURNET, Cincinnati ; Hon. MARK SKINNER, Chicago; Eev. JOHN H. HEYWOOD, Louisville ; Prof. FAIRMAN KOGERS, Philadelphia ; CHARLES J. STTLLE, Philadelphia ; J. HUNTINGTON WOLCOTT, Boston ; and about five hundred associate members, in all parts of the country. Mr. Frederick Law Olmsted was placed in charge of the central office, as General Secretary of the Commission, and gave himself wholly to its execu- tive duties ; and to his remarkable powers of organization must be attributed a large share of the success which has attended the labors of the commission. The greater number of the gentlemen thus named at once convened at Washington, and adopted the plan of organization which immediately became and long remained the broad basis of operations almost continental in their extent. The president of the commission hastened upon a tour of observa- tion and inquiry in the West, while other commissioners visited the forces gathering upon the Potomac. Until battle actually occurred, prevention and sanitary inspection engrossed the larger share of the attention of the mem- bers. Preparations were, nevertheless, made in view of an actual collision, and the battle of Bull Kun found their emissaries and delegates ready to take the field. In the first public appeal for money and supplies being a letter to an auxiliary committee of finance just organized in New York Dr. Bellows, fresh from his western tour, used the following language : " Consider the prospects of two hundred and fifty thousand troops, chiefly volunteers, gathered not only from the out-door, but still more from the in- door occupations of life farmers, clerks, students, mechanics, lawyers, doctors, accustomed, for the most part, to regularity of life, and those comforts of home which, above any recorded experience, bless our own prosperous land and benignant institutions ; consider these men, used to the tender providence of mothers, wives, and sisters, to varied and well prepared food, separate and commodious homes, moderate toil, to careful medical supervision in all their 82 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. ailments ; consider these men, many of them not yet hardened into the bone of rugged manhood, suddenly precipitated by unexpected events into the field of war, at the very season of the greatest heat, transferred to climates to which they are unwonted, driven to the use of food and water to which they are not accustomed, living in crowded barracks and tents, sleeping on the bare earth, broken of rest, called on to bear arms six and eight hours a day, to make rapid marches over rough roads' in July and August, wearing their thick uniforms and carrying heavy knapsacks on their backs and what can be looked for but men falling by the dozen in the ranks from sheer exhaustion, hundreds prostrated with relaxing disorders, and, finally, thousands suddenly swept off by camp diseases, the result of irregularity of life, exposure, filth, heat, and inability to take care of themselves under such novel conditions." The first estimate made by the commission of the amount of money that would be required to distribute the supplies in kind that it was already receiv- ing in abundance, and for all incidental expenses, was fifty thousand dollars so universal was the belief that the rebellion would be summarily suppressed. An appeal was specially addressed to the life insurance companies, "whose intelligent acquaintance," said the commission, "with vital statistics consti- stutes them the proper and the readiest judges of the necessities of such a commission. We look to them to give the first indorsement to our enter- prise by generous donations the best proof they can give the public of the solid claim we have on the liberality of the rich, the patriotic, and the humane." The first instalments of the nation's bounty came from these institutions : the New England Company giving $3,000 ; the New York, $5,000 ; the Mutual Benefit, $2,000 ; the Mutual, $3,000, and, at a later period, $6,000 more. The Central Finance Committee of New York now issued a fervent, and, as it proved, irresistible appeal, making the following strong points : " Never before, in the history of human benevolence, did a gracious Provi- dence vouchsafe an opportunity for doing good on such a scale, to so great a number, in so short a time, and with comparatively so little money. Of the immense array of three hundred thousand men now in arms in our defence to be swelled, if necessary, to five hundred thousand the experienced mili- tary and medical members of the Sanitary Commission declare that one-fifth, if not one-fourth, who must otherwise perish, may be saved by proper care. * # * * * * * " Men and women of New York ! We beg you to awake to instant action. Death is already in the breeze. Disease, insidious and inevitable, is even now THE SANITARY COMMISSION. 83 stealing through the camps, on scorching plain, in midnight damp, menacing our dearest treasure the very flower of our nation's youth. You surely will not permit them thus ingloriously to perish. In the name of humanity and patriotism ; in the name alike of justice and manly generosity, bidding us save them who stake their lives in saving us ; in the name of the honored ancestors who fought for the land we live in ; in the name of the Blessed Being, the friend on earth of the sick and the suffering, we now commit this holy cause to your willing hearts, your helping hands, with our earnest assu- rance that whatever you do will be doubly welcome if done at once. "SAMUEL B. RUGGLES, "CHRISTOPHER R. ROBERT, "ROBERT B. MINTURN, "GEORGE OPDYKE, "JONATHAN STURGES, " MORRIS KETCHUM, "WILLIAM A. BOOTH, "DAVID HOADLEY, "J. P. GIRAUD FOSTER, "CHARLES E. STRONG, " Members of the Executive Committee of the Central Financial " Committee U. S. Sanitary Association. " NEW YOEK, July 13, 1861." A week after the publication of this appeal occurred the battle of Bull Run, the commentary thus accompanying the text The whole country unloosed its purse-strings, and opened wide the doors of pantry, larder, cellar and wardrobe. In one night the Washington storehouse was filled to over- flowing. A long peace had left the houses of the land well stocked with the materials which, with a little manipulation, and a few hundred miles of travel, would serve to preserve health and even life. The shelves groaned beneath piles of cotton which had not yet been thought cheap at a shilling a yard, with linen and woolen fabrics that had accumulated almost insensibly. The raw material was at hand and abundant ; the fingers to fashion it into shirt, sock, havelock, sheet, blanket, ached to be at work. Thus, the plan laid down by the commission having been generally approved ; the names of the gentlemen composing it inspiring universal confidence, and the appoint- ment of Mr. George T. Strong, of New York, as treasurer, furnishing a guarantee that all funds intrusted to it would be faithfully guarded and 84 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. prudently administered, the United States Sanitary Commission entered upon its marvellous, unexampled career of practical philanthropy. Though it forms no part of the object of this work to describe in detail the vast operations of this and other similar associations, we may incidentally give a brief sketch of their working plans that of the Sanitary Commission including three distinct departments of labor : 1st. THE PREVENTIVE SERVICE OR SANITARY INSPECTION. This depart- ment employs the services of a corps of medical inspectors, who visit the camps, hospitals, and transports of each army corps in the field ; who watch all chance of danger from change of climate, from exposure, from malarious causes, from hard marching, or from any failure of supplies or transportation. Reports made by them to the proper authorities lead either to the adoption of better methods of supply, to change of location, or to sanitary reform. These reports, too, furnish the basis of valuable tables, which it is the duty of a bureau of statistics to elaborate from the data thus supplied. To this depart- ment belongs the Corps of Special Hospital Inspectors, who from time to time make the tour of all the general army hospitals, and report upon their condi- tion, wants, or progress. The preparation and issue of medical tracts and of concise sanitary bulletins, for the information of officers and men, also fall within the duties of the preventive service. These treatises have been, many of them, written by the ablest physicians and surgeons in the country, and their value to the service cannot be overestimated. 2d. THE DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL BELIEF. This branch of the service embraces three-quarters of the whole work done by the commission. Its duty is to supply food, clothing, bandages, hospital furniture, bedding, delicacies, stimulants, cordials, &c., &c., for the wounded on the field, and for the sick and wounded in camp, field, post, regimental, and general hospitals. These supplies are originally collected from the people into the twelve branches of the commission, located respectively at Boston, Baltimore, Chicago, Louisville, New York, Cincinnati, Columbus, Pittsburg, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Detroit, Buffalo. Each of these branches is a central point for the numerous aid societies in its neighborhood, as many as twelve hundred being in some cases tributary to a single branch office. The stores thus received are opened, assorted, repacked, and shipped, according to instructions received, to the associate secretary of the east or west, whose duty it is to know where they will be first needed, and to see that they are taken there. These supplies, upon the field or in the THE SANITARY COMMISSION. 85 THE SANITARY COMMISSION IN THE HOSPITAL. hospital, are distributed impartially to all who need them, whether they come from Maine or Missouri, whether they are Union soldiers or rebel prisoners. Certain states have not contributed either to the treasury or the storehouses of the commission, but nothing has ever been withheld from the soldiers of these states on that account. The result of the meeting of the agents of a local state organization and those of the commission upon a battle-field, has often been that the former, seeing the evil effects of exclusiveness, have, for that particular exigency, merged their supplies in the stock of the commission, and have themselves aided in distributing them without state distinction. 3d. THE DEPARTMENT OF SPECIAL BELIEF. The associate secretaries of the east and of the west, the Eev. Mr. Knapp, at "Washington, and Dr. New- berry, at Louisville, have the general direction of this department, " which 86 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. deals mainly with the waifs and strays of the army, and relieves the individual soldier when temporarily out of connection with the military system." The " Soldiers' Homes" of the commission come under this head. Here shelter, food, and medical care are furnished to men who, for one reason or another, cannot get it directly of the government such as men on furlough or sick leave, recruits, stragglers, men who have been left behind by their regiments, or who have been prematurely discharged from the hospitals. At one period the eight homes at Washington, Cincinnati, Cairo, Louisville, Nashville, Columbus, Cleveland, and New Orleans, gave food and lodging to two thou- sand three hundred men every twenty-four hours. There are also several "lodges," or homes on a smaller scale, belonging to this department. Here the soldier, enfeebled but not disabled, may wait his opportunity of securing his pay, or may obtain rest and medical treatment till he is either able to rejoin his regiment or may be transferred to the hospital. The hospital cars ; the hospital steamboats ; the agencies for aiding the soldier or his family to obtain back pay, bounties, or pensions ; the hos- pital directories, containing the names and military status of every man who has received hospital treatment ; the sending of supplies to prisoners at Rich- mond by flag of truce boat all these varied services belong to, and are per- formed by, the Department of Special Relief. For somewhat over a year the simple machinery adopted for procuring from the people the requisite supplies, and the funds necessary to move, distribute, and properly apply them, proved amply sufficient. From time to time a fresh appeal was issued ; the subject was kept constantly before the country by means of the press ; the army bore witness in thousands of letters, written by those whom experience had taught, to the efficiency, integrity, and humanity of the commission. The willing fingers knew no rest, the scissors and the needle no respite. The people had insensibly taken, as it were, the measure of the situation, and were furnishing, month by month, a supply which, up to June, 1862, had proved amply sufficient. But now came in quick succession Williamsburg, Fair Oaks, Games' Mills, Malvern Hill, the terrible second battle of Bull Run, and finally the bloody victory of Antietam. This last struggle left ten thousand of our own men wounded upon the field, and several thousand rebel prisoners in our hands. This series of battles, culminating upon the soil of Maryland, exhausted the commission's reserved stores, and sent the last funds of the treasury into the market for the purchase of an additional supply. "-It was at this hour of imperative duty and greatest anxiety," we quote one of the reports of the commission, " on the 21st of ALERT CLUBS. 87 BEFORE THE BATTLE. September, the fourth day after the battle, that a telegram from California brought intelligence of liberal promise of pecuniary aid from the Pacific coast; and with that inspiring promise came the welcome announcement that a hun- dred thousand dollars the first instalment of the golden treasure was then on the way to the Sanitary Commission. That hundred thousand dollars, at the time, seemed to be the means of insuring the successful prosecution of the commission's greatly expanded methods of aid ; and every subsequent passage in the history of its sanitary works, and its relief service, will tell how energi- zing and how salutary was that early lesson of faith, and how California's gold has strengthened and established the broad plans and humane purposes that might otherwise have fluctuated between necessity and inability." But to refer in greater detail to some of the ways and means adopted to collect the contributions of the people. " Alert Clubs" had been established in many of the villages and hamlets throughout .the country, and these were as successful in bringing money into the treasury of the commission as the Dorcas, Thimble, Needle, and Picket Associations were in replenishing its wardrobe and storecloset. They derived their name from the Alert Club, composed of the little girls and young people of Norwalk, Ohio, who collected in seven months, in a village of two thousand souls, with hardly a single person of wealth among them, $560. Their immediate aim was to furnish 88 THE TRIBUTE BOOK the aid society of their town or neighborhood with the means of purchasing material to cut and make up : as has been said, the past year had made sad havoc among the reserves and accumulations of the people. These clubs had each a president, secretary, two treasurers, and as many collectors as possible, often forty. The president divided the neighborhood into dis- tricts, and appointed four collectors for each two ladies, two gentlemen. These were to obtain subscriptions among the ladies of twenty cents a month, and among the gentlemen of as much as their good will prompted them to give. Their duty was to call at every house in the district, omitting none, no matter what its alleged illib- erality, inscribing each name given and every Aur.ui. sum collected in* a book furnished for that pur- pose by the aid society. Every subscriber was to be asked for his subscrip- tion on and after the first Monday of the month, and accounts were to be audited and collections paid over to the parent society on the second Monday. At the monthly meetings of the Alerts, they might, if they chose, make slip- pers and quilts, though they were not expected to burden themselves with any other labor than the collection of funds. The fact has been, indeed, that they made few slippers and fewer quilts; but they did what was better, or what led to better financial results: they gave concerts and tea-parties in winter, and strawberry festivals in June ; they picked blackberries in August ; gave their firework money for onions in July ; held fairs on the door-step and in the front yard, whenever it did not rain ; enacted charades when any one would pay to see them; and, throughout the war, worked with a zeal worthy of older heads, and an unselfishness beyond all praise. Towards the close of 1862 the supplies of cotton and woolen material were exhausted throughout the country, having stood the drain of nearly two years. The sewing societies were as willing to work as ever ; but they had no cloth to work upon. Applications were therefore constantly made to the Central Commission for material, which the village aid societies would be glad to make up. The commission made a short trial of this plan, but finding that it arrested even the straggling flow of supplies toward their depots, aban- doned it. If any societies were thus furnished, all must be, and this would ruin the treasury in twenty days. " Nothing," said the commission, in an appeal issued at this time, " but THE SANITARY COMMISSION. 89 the unbought, freely given services of our people at "home, both in furnishing labor and material, can avail to meet the vast demand for hospital clothing existing among our suffering troops. If you recall the fact that we have SANITARY CHARADE: MET-A-PHTSICIAN. 70,000 men in general hospitals, 10,000 men in regimental hospitals, and per- haps 50,000 more in convalescent camps, you will see what a vast supply these 130,000 sick or invalid soldiers require. For you have only to think how much change of clothing, how much costly medicine, how much delicate food, how much wine and other stimulants, a single sick person at home requires, to appreciate the endless wants of 130,000 men in our hospitals and camps, one-third seriously ill, one-third really sick, and one-third ailing. Nothing short of the free activity and free contributions of every family, hamlet, village, church, and community, throughout the loyal states, contin- ued as long as the war continues, can avail to meet this never ending, always increasing drain. " It is the little springs of fireside labor oozing into the rills of village industry, these again uniting in the streams of county beneficence, and these in state or larger movements, flowing together into the rivers which directly empty into our great national reservoir of supplies, which could alone render 90 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. possible the vast outflow of assistance which the Sanitary Commission is lending our sick and wounded soldiers. It is only necessary to give one statement to prove the absurdity of attempting to supply from our treasury the material of this home-labor for our cause. During the month of Septem- ber, the Sanitary Commission distributed daily, through its various agencies, "West, East, and South, as well as can be now ascertained, not less than 26,000 articles, which, at an estimated value of fifty cents each, were worth thirteen thousand dollars. In a month of thirty-one days, as any one can see, this would amount to over $400,000 ; and supposing only half the value to be in the material, you can see that it would cost us $200,000 per month to supply the material which has, up to this time, been given us. This state- ment equally demonstrates the munificence of our contributors, in the past, and the utter folly of attempting to substitute our money for their free gifts. No ! the moment the liberality and confidence of the homes and villages desert the Sanitary Commission, that moment its work of relief is ended." During the year 1863, not only the hoarded linen being exhausted, but many a bed having been despoiled of its quilt, many a window of its curtain, it became necessary for the commission to enter the market and purchase. Now cotton was extravagantly dear, and the money of the commission, like that of every one else, was the depreciated currency of the country. A dollar was doubtless a dollar to all who gave, but its value, in the hands of those who spent, fluctuated with the fortunes of the war. Fortunately, California and the Pacific coast continued their munificent donations, and this portion of the receipts of the commission represented dollar for dollar. Thus, as the giving of stores fell off, that of money increased, and the commission was enabled to sustain itself. The following extract from a speech in San Francisco, by Mr. William T. Coleman, will show by what arguments the Californians were wrought up to the necessary pitch of generosity, though, indeed, they needed little urging : "It was cheering," he said, "to Californians in the East, to witness the emulation and spirit caused by the contributions of our state to the Sanitary Fund. Never did a people gain so much at so small a price. The donations coming in a bulk, appeared to be large ; but, really, this state has given very little, in comparison with others. The loyal states of the east have all been called upon for contributions in many ways not witnessed here. There were soldiers to be fitted out, wounded soldiers to be received on their return, help to be sent to the battle-field, and appeals were made at every corner. People have not stopped to inquire any thing, save whether the sufferer was a soldier THE BOUNTY OF CALIFORNIA. 91 and in need. The government provided arms and ammunition in abundance, but hospital supplies were lacking ; the cause was in danger of great loss by neglecting wounded men in the field and in the hospitals. Then it was that California blazed up suddenly with a brilliant, a golden light, and our state gained a name of which Californians, with all their vanity, may well be proud. " Though the eastern states have given much more, their gifts were not in one large stream, but in numberless rivulets by states, by cities, by villages, by societies. The treasurer of no eastern association has had the satisfaction of sending $100,000 at one time. But if California should give $100,000 per month, she would not give any more than her share. Congratu- late yourselves that you have so little to do ; but take care to do it well. This state ought really to bear the entire expenses of the Sanitary Commission. Let us send them more than they ask. We could do it and never miss it. " The attention and favor of the Sanitary Commission are not limited to any class of soldiers. No lines are drawn of nativity, or of shades of religious or political opinion. Officers of the Commission do not turn their backs on wounded rebels, but supply their wants also, and God grant that they make better men. There were, not long since, 2,500 sick and wounded rebels at New York, and they were not neglected. The Sanitary Commission has saved more lives and spared more suffering than any other effort of that kind ever made. I now ask you, fellow-citizens, to again come forward with your contributions and subscriptions. Your wealth is increasing at a rate une- qualled in the world, and this great charity is ready to relieve you of part of the responsibility and burden. Send fifty bars of gold and a hundred of silver, through Wells, Fargo & Co., by steamer, to the Sanitary Commission, with the compliments of California, and you will strengthen the well with confidence and renewed zeal, and the wounded will find their cup sweeter and their beds softer, while they bless the Golden State. " One instance of the spirit which animated those who, having literally nothing to give, nevertheless gave, may properly b x e mentioned here, as it has never been mentioned elsewhere. The Eev. George Gordon, whom ill health and other afflictions had deprived of his pulpit, and who had no hopes of ever filling another, with a large family, no income, and no property but a small house and garden, with two sons in the army and a bed-ridden daughter at home, lived in Putnam county, New York, a few miles from the five hotels lining the eastern bank of Lake Mahopac. The only church here being Methodist, and very small, it was the custom of the visitors at the various 92 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. hotels to meet on Sunday mornings in the parlor of the Baldwin House for religious worship. The Rev. Mr. Gordon read the service and preached, and the collections taken up, on the eight Sundays of the brief Mahopac season, constituted his sole money receipts for the year. The President appointed a day for thanksgiving and praise after the capture of Vicksburg, and what might be taken up on that Thursday Mr. Gordon proposed should be sent to the Sanitary Commission. The congregation objected, not that they did not wish well to the commission, but that they deemed the sacrifice too great for the reverend gentleman to make. But not one penny would Mr. Gordon touch, and the receipt of a certain sum of money, from the Rev. George Gor- don, " the result of a collection taken at Lake Mahopac," was soon afterwards acknowledged by Mr. George Strong. This, the attendants upon the parlor service felt, was Mr. Gordon's gift, not theirs ; and conscious that he, of his penury, had cast in more than they all, quietly circulated a paper from house to house, from dock to bowling-alley, on Blackberry Island and Petrea, and on the following Sunday presented Mr. Gordon with a list and a long roll. The humane clergyman had cast his bread upon the waters; he had sent thirty-seven dollars to the hospital, and it came back to him five dollars for one. We come now to the era of the great sanitary fairs which, in the fall of 1863, and during 1864 and 1865, were held from one end of the country to the other. Postponing, for the present, a description of them a description which we give elsewhere in detail, as the best method of showing the zeal, the devotion, the ingenuity of the various neighborhoods interested we quote from a letter written by the president of the commission some months later, but the proper place of which, in a consecutive narrative, is here. This letter was in answer to one from the Rev. Mr. Beecher, in which these words occurred : " There is great ignorance of the scope of the commission, its details and its need of vast funds ; and where there is ignorance there will be more or less fear and doubt whether such volumes of money, as in the imagination of the people are rolling into the treasury, can be needed or well spent." Dr. Bellows replied as follows : "The business of the United States Sanitary Commission lies : "I. In collecting supplies. This is done through its branches. During the first two years the homes of the country sent of their superfluity immense quantities of sheets, pillow-cases, comforters, blankets, shirts, drawers, socks, &c. This superfluity is long ago exhausted, while the want continues. Of course now they must buy the raw material, and make up newly what they COLLECTION AND PURCHASE OF SUPPLIES. 93 originally could take out of their closets and trunks. Hence the necessity of the great fairs to raise the money to purchase the clothing and other supplies which they obtained formerly in another way. All the money raised by the fairs will be spent, with small exceptions, at home, in creating supplies. It takes about fifteen-sixteenths of all the cost of the United States Sanitary Commission to furnish its supplies and transportation. The other one-six- teenth goes into the support of its homes, its lodges, its machinery of distri- bution, its hospital directory, and hospital and camp inspection. The cash which actually reaches the central treasury of the United States Sanitary Commission has, in three years, amounted to about one million of dollars, of which the Pacific coast has given nearly three-quarters. It would be well for those who on the Atlantic coast sometimes question our economy, to consider this fact. " Of this money, more than half has been spent in the purchase of such supplies as the homes of the land do not and cannot furnish, and in the trans- portation of them, such as : " Condensed milk by the ton. " Beef-stock by the ton. " Wines and spirits by the barrel. "Crackers and farinaceous food by the ton. " Tea, coffee, and sugar, by the chest and hogshead. " Crutches, bed-rests, mattresses, and bedsteads, by the hundred. "Cargoes of ice, potatoes, onions, and curried cabbage, lemons, oranges, anti-scorbutics, and tonics. At times we have supplied not only the sick, but a whole army threatened with scurvy, with the means of averting it ; and we have averted it at Yicksburg, at Murfreesboro', before Charleston. Thou- sands of barrels of onions, thousands of barrels of potatoes, hundreds of barrels of curried cabbage, have been forwarded to various corps, even as far as Texas, to appease the demon of scurvy and save our troops. " The other half million has been used in supporting two hundred experts, medical inspectors, relief agents, clerks, wagoners, and accompanying agents, in the field, or in our offices and depots, through whom our work is done. These two hundred men receive, on an average, two dollars per day for labor, which is, say half of it, highly skilled, sometimes of professional eminence, and worth from five to ten times that amount. Few of these men could be had for the money ; but they work for love and patriotism, and are content with a bare support. This costs $12,000 a month. The board (all included, twenty-one in number) president, treasurer, medical committee, standing committee 94 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. give their services and their time gratuitously. They receive nothing. Their travelling expenses alone are partly refunded them, and these are trifling, ex- cepting the case of one or two who go frequently on tours of observation. " II. The next large expense is the support of twenty-five soldiers' homes, or lodges, scattered over the whole field of war, from New Orleans to Wash- ington, including Vicksburg, Memphis, Cairo, Chattanooga, Nashville, Louis- ville, Washington, &c., &c. In these homes and lodges twenty- three hundred soldiers (different ones) daily receive shelter, food, medical aid, protection and care. These soldiers are such as are crowded by the rigidity of the military system out of the regular channels ; soldiers left behind, astray, who have lost their military status, convalescents, discharged men, not able to get their pay. Of these, the average length of time they are on our hands is about three days. The priceless value of this supplementary system no tongue can tell. The abandonment of it would create an amount of suffering whfch a multiplication of two thousand three hundred by three hundred and sixty-five days in the year will -but serve to hint at. "In connection with these homes, at the great military centres, New Orleans, Louisville, Washington, are bureaus in aid of the discharged soldier's great necessities, growing out of his loss of papers in battle, or during the bewilderment of sickness, or through the ignorance of his superiors, or his own : "1. A Claim Agency, to secure his bounty. "2. A Pension Agency. "3. A Back-pay Agency. "The mercy of these ministries, by which soldiers and their families, help- less without this aid the prey of sharpers, runners, and grog-shops are put in speedy possession of their rights, is inexpressible. We have often $20,000 a day of back-pay in our oifice at Washington alone, which might have been lost forever, or delayed until it was no longer needed by the soldier's own family, without this system. " Sometimes a dozen letters must pass back and forth with various officials to verify a single claim. By these agencies, wronged men, stricken in dis- grace from the army rolls, are restored ; and in several cases, men condemned to be shot as deserters, have been saved from an undeserved death. " To these are to be added : " 1. A special provision for wives, mothers, and sisters, who have expended all the little means of home in getting to Washington or Louisville to see and protect their sick relatives. HOSPITAL INSPECTION AND TRANSPORTATION. 95 " 2. A home for faithful nurses broken down in the service. " 3. Arrangements for sending very sick soldiers home under escort. "III. A hospital directory, by which the whereabouts of all sick men is determined. There are six hundred thousand names in its books. It is corrected daily. It saves endless confusion, suspense, and misery; prevents needless journeys ; answers the most urgent questions ; relieves the home- feeling that their boys are lost in the crowded hospitals ; blesses and keeps heart-whole hundreds of wives, brothers, and sisters, every day. It costs $20,000 a year to maintain it, and it is worth a million, if human anxiety can be estimated in money. " IY. Hospital Inspection. Sixty of the most skilful surgeons and physi- cians in the nation were eight or ten at a time six months engaged, under the direction of the commission, in a systematic and scientific survey of all the general hospitals. They inspected seventy thousand beds, saw two hun- dred thousand patients, and reported in four thousand written pages the critical results of these inquiries. Can any body estimate the scientific and human value of such a survey, brought home to the surgeon, the medical authorities, and the government ? " V. The transportation of the sick, carried on by us for the government in vessels from the Peninsula from which we brought eight thousand men in a comfort wholly unattainable by government transportation, aided by our generous medical students and our heroic though delicate women we have since largely carried on in our patent hospital cars, in which the sick, without jar, can be conveyed hundreds of miles with little suffering or injury. We have these cars on the main lines, east and west, along which sick soldiers are carried. " YL We supply the barren market of Washington with car-loads of fresh hospital supplies from Philadelphia. All the beef, mutton, poultry, butter, eggs, vegetables, used in all the hospitals at Washington, are selected, for- warded, distributed by the Sanitary Commission the Medical Department refunding our outlay at the end of each month, saving the profit made by ordinary dealers, and securing wholesome food to the sick. "YIL The battle-field service of the commission is perhaps too well known to require any elucidation. But let us take the case of Gettysburg. We had accumulated stores, and placed agents at Harrisburg, Pa., Frederick, Md., and Chambersburg, and at Baltimore, to watch the probable necessities of Meade's army. We had inspectors and wagon-trains marching with it; one with each column. The dreadful battle came off. The best calculations 96 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. of the government had anticipated the wants of ten thousand wounded men. The result of that glorious yet horrible contest left about twenty-five thou- sand wounded men (our own and the enemy's) on an area of four miles square. Every church, private house, barn, shed, was crammed with wounded men additional to field hospitals (in tents) whitening the hill-sides, and drenching the soil in the blood of amputated limbs. The railroads clogged with trains forwarding troops to re-enforce Meade in his pursuit of Lee ; the bridges burnt by the enemy ; neither cars nor locomotives enough to do half the required business ; the surgeons and stewards compelled largely to accompany the troops, who expected another battle within a week what would have become of these noble sufferers, if the half-preparation (not half) which the providence of the government had made had not been supplemented, for the first week or two, full one-half by the Sanitary Commission, aided by the Christian Commission and other relief agencies? Look at the list of things * ' o furnished them alone, and remember that this was one single battle-field, and cost the Sanitary Commission in stores, clothing, food, and transportation, $75,000. Was there one dollar more spent than was called for? Was one dollar mis-spent ? Was not the moral and material economy in the saving of life (I believe thousands of lives were literally saved by our succor on that occasion alone), and in the saving of pain and needless misery, such as eveiy benefactor of the commission must forever rejoice in ?" Dr. Bellows concluded his communication with some estimates for the future, closing thus : " The only uncertain element in these calculations is the estimated value of our supplies. The uncertainty here is not due to want of great pains to ascertain the facts. We shall very soon be able to lay before the public the exact estimates, how many shirts and their estimated value, how many drawers, stockings, sheets, comforters, &c., and the estimated value of each ; and they can then judge for themselves. Meanwhile they must give our statement only such credit as they may think our opportunity to know, and our desire to state frankly the exact truth, entitle it to." Up to the period when the first large fair was held, that is, from June, 1861, to December 1st, 1863, the treasurer of the commission had received the following sums, in cash, from the several states : From Maine $17,720 33 From Connecticut $5,181 35 " New Hampshire 1,70144 " Rhode Island 8,06830 " Vermont 2,03515 " New England (states not " Massachusetts 48,548 86 discriminated) 6,683 75 A RESULT OF THE FAIRS. 97 From New York $160,042 58 New Jersey 3,170 88 Pennsylvania 11,699 18 Delaware 765 00 Maryland 1,733 00 Washington, D. C 2,333 08 Ohio 2,700 00 Michigan 578 00 Illinois 546 25 Kentucky 6,166 45 Indiana 500 00 Minnesota 45 00 Nevada Territory 54,144 75 California 526,909 61 Oregon 26,450 78 From Washington Territory . . $7,258 97 " Idaho 2,110 46 " Vancouver's and San Ju- an Islands 2,552 68 " Honolulu 4,085 00 " Santiago de Chili 3,68884 " Peru 2,002 00 " Newfoundland 150 00 " Canada 439 48 " England and Scotland . . 1,150 00 " France 2,750 00 " Turkey 50 00 " China 2,300 00 " Cuba 23 00 " Unknown sources 3,19288 Total $919,477 05 These sums were received by the Central New York Treasury ; the branch treasuries received other sums, as, for instance, that of Philadelphia $117,000, in the same time. But it may be generally said that the cash receipts of the branches were expended in the purchase of supplies, while those of the central treasury were used not only to purchase, but to transport, apply, and adminis- ter the supplies thus procured. Some four or five fairs, producing large sums of money, had now been held, and an unexpected but not unnatural result was discovered to have been pro- duced by them. The people throughout the country had been toiling for the commission, and yet really had not benefited it ; that is, the commission was no better off this year with the fairs than it had been the previous year with- out them. The sewing societies, which had previously made shirts, now made dolls ; the needle pickets, the busy fingers, which had supplied the storehouses with hospital clothing, with flannels, with socks, with food for the sick, were now engaged upon work which, though capable of being converted into money, would even then only purchase the clothing, flannels, and food no longer furnished by them ; and goods thus purchased, with two or three profits upon them, and with a depreciated currency, were vastly dearer than when furnished as they previously had been. The people at large, seeing such vast money receipts in the hands of the commission, and not reflecting that they were merely in place of supplies in kind, the flow of which was now arrested, were already building national asylums with the imaginary runnings-over from the full font of the treasury. The fairs had thus, so far from assuring the future of the great charity, placed it in some peril; for the people were at any moment likely to abandon all effort in its behalf. 98 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. There was another point in this connection not well understood. In spite of the fairs, which produced millions in cash, the commission was actually in want of ready money to keep its machinery in motion. The fairs, which had been held under the auspices of branches of the commission, sent the proceeds H ON R T H E "B R AV E 5 CHILDREN'S SOLDIF.US' FAI.I. to the branch treasuries ; the money was expended in supplies ; the supplies were forwarded to the central depots ; and just at this point the work of dis- tribution was threatened with stoppage, for want of money in the central treasury. This difficulty was fully set forth by Dr. Bellows in a letter, dated January, 1864, to Mr. Otis, in San Francisco. After acknowledging the receipt of $50,000, California's January and February instalment, the doctor thus continued: "You will hear a great deal of the vast sanitary fairs at Chicago, Cincinnati, Boston, Buffalo, Albany, Washington, at which very large sums of money are raised, and you may very naturally think that it must be high- water in our central treasury ! It is important that the people of California should understand that all this money is fitly expended by the branches themselves in the purchase of supplies, which supplies are forwarded to our receiving depot for distribution. But the whole cost of distribution, INJURIOUS RUMORS. 99 with the men, wagons, horses, and machinery of every kind which transports supplies and makes them useful and saving to the army all these accumu- lated comforts and necessaries fall upon our central treasury, which has more io do, and is more indispensable, precisely according to the amount of supplies that are furnished to it. The more money the branches have, the more sup- plies we have ; and the more supplies we have, the more it costs to forward them, distribute and supply them to our vast army, scattered over our wide country. " All the money and all the supplies that could be raised and furnished would be as useless to the army without us as the rains on the hill-sides of the Croton River would be to the city of New York, if the city had not built an expensive aqueduct; which accumulates, economizes, and distributes, by an intricate and costly system of mains, and gates, and trainers, and pipes, and stop-cocks, this water to every house, every kitchen and chamber, every wash- bowl and pitcher and mouth in New York ! ## *#### " Understand, then, that the wealth of the branches is indispensable to the soldier's relief, but that their wealth only makes us poor by giving us more to do and nothing to do it with! We are like a stage company, with an immense number of passengers, but left without forage for our horses, or horses for our coaches : or, rather, we should be so if California did not make herself the great motive-power for the central machinery of the Sanitary Com- mission, and thus furnish horses and forage, by which our overflow of passen- gers (the supplies) are all expeditiously transported to their destination the sick and wounded, the naked and hungry." Somewhat later, the idea having got abroad, and being in some quarters persistently fostered, that the Sanitary Commission was rich, having more funds than it could judiciously spend, that its storehouses were filled to over- flowing, Mr. J. Foster Jenkins, the worthy successor of Mr. Olmsted as general secretary of the commission, made and published a statement in the Boston Journal which did much to set these dangerous rumors at rest. The assertions alluded to, he said, were incorrect, and of a character to injure the cause of the commission. Its storehouses were not filled with goods ; its treasury did not run over. The fairs had arrested the flow of sanitary stores to such an extent that the receipts in kind had for some months been fifty per cent, less than in the corresponding period of 1863. Even if the commission had received all the money raised by the various fairs, it would still be straitened by the falling off" in the supply of supplementary stores. "If," Mr. Jenkins added, "the 100 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. people are persuaded that the Sanitary Commission has grown rich, and therefore is in need of nothing, in less than two months its storehouses will be empty and its treasury exhausted, in the vain attempt to eke out the funds raised by the fairs in the purchase of underclothing, dried fruits, blankets, and stimulants." Up to this period, the Sanitary Commission had received about a million of dollars in money, $700,000 of which was the gift of the Pacific Coast alone. The Atlantic States were waking up to this disproportion. It was decided that a fair should be held in New York, for the benefit of the central treasury ; that, inasmuch as the proceeds of the Chicago fair had been paid into the treasury of the northwestern branch, and expended in supplies, as those of the Boston fair had been paid into the treasury of the New England branch, and also expended in supplies, those of the great metropolitan fair should be used, as far as might be necessary, in the work of moving and distribution. " Our fair," wrote Dr. Bellows to Mr. Otis, "will come off late in March ; at which we hope, at one blow, to raise perhaps half a million of dollars, and so equal- ize the contributions of the Atlantic and the Pacific. I rejoice at this holy jealousy." It was just before the Fourth of July, 1864, that the desire, indeed the necessity, for onions in the several armies of the country became known to the people. Scurvy had appeared in the Army of the Cumberland, and it threatened the armies of the Potomac and the James. Where actual disease had not broken out, and even where there were no symptoms of its coming, the soldiers yearned for fresh vegetables with an intensity that impaired their efficiency by turning their thoughts homewards, to the savory onion- patches and cucumber-beds they had left behind them. The regular com- missions did much to supply this sudden demand ; it will be stated, in the proper place, that the State of Wisconsin, while the necessity lasted, sent anti-scorbutics by the hundred barrels to the hospitals and armies within its circuit. Still, it was thought that much could be done by special outside work in behalf of this mid-summer want. An effort was made in New York to induce the Common Council to expend the usual appropriation for fire- works at Fulton Market instead of at the Powder Works, but it was unsuccess- ful. The children of the country, however, did what the City Fathers refused to do : they spent their Fourth of July money in onions. The New York Onion Fund was built upon a boy's dollar, given for crackers, spent in onions. The movement, thus begun, spread from state to state, and there is hardly an aid society's report which does not mention, among its irregular and incidental THE ONION FUND. 101 work, the collection of onion money or the sending of some barrel of pickles. The relief given was immense, and may be counted in lives saved and in the sustained efficiency of the armies. The sum thus expended, outside of the Sanitary Commission, cannot have been less than $50,000. FAIK UPON A DOOR -STEP. Without underrating the value of the publicity attained through the press in all affairs of public concern, we may say that the newspapers rendered pe- culiarly effective service in this matter of anti-scorbutics. One article, copied far and wide from a New York weekly sheet, exerted so great an influence that we transfer a portion of it to our pages. It purported to be a letter from a country girl to country girls and boys : " Not long ago," said this country girl, "I heard a soldier say that soldiers like onions ; that he had, at one time, paid twenty-five cents for an onion. Onions are good for soldiers, and many of them crave them. You and I don't, maybe we like them only a long way off; but the soldiers do. Down in the corner of our garden, behind the currant-bushes, in what I recognize from sur- roundings as a long neglected corner a spot unoccupied save by our dogs, who have considered it their own peculiar play-ground, and from which our boy has taken many a load of bones of their strewing I see, in vision, the morning sun gleam brightly on rows of tiny green blades ; and, as I look, the rows seem to form themselves into great characters, which presently I see are, FOR THE SOLDIERS. Henceforth, for this season at least, that bone- strewed plot has a nobler destiny. The vision shall be realized. The dogs 102 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. must seek another play-ground ; this plot is to bear onions for the soldiers. Where now is stiff sod shall indeed be mellow soil, where onions may take to themselves size and sap and odor. In due time, the green tops may flavor soup for the Home Guard ; but every bulb lying concealed in the dark mold shall be sacred to such as have seen actual service. Never, since exiled Israelites landed and sighed for the leeks and onions of Egypt, has there been so great a glorification of the odorous, tear-provoking bulb as there shall be in this garden-corner. " This sounds well, say you ; but talking breaks no bones, and that frozen sod is not broken yet for those onion-beds. You are right. When the bar- rels (or shall it only be barrel?) containing them shall have been directed to the Sanitary Commission, that will be a better time for talking of these onions of mine. But just one word to you, girls and boys. Have you a neglected corner in your garden, in your yard, or a place hitherto given to the cultivation of flowers only ? That patch is not yours, I beg leave to inform you. The soldier has a mortgage on it. Waste soil is not to be tolerated about our homes in these times, and the tulip, though a lovely ministrant, must give place to a root which may be put to nobler uses." In August, 1864, the Sanitary Commission set all the children in the country to picking blackberries for the soldiers, their mothers and sisters to distil from them a refreshing cordial and tonic. In September, acknowledg- ing that "rivers of blackberry juice had flowed in upon them from all parts of the country, and that it would be impossible to think of a more grateful flood," it made another call upon the boys and girls, asking for peaches, not canned, nor preserved, but simply dried. Peaches were never so plentiful, and could never be turned to better account. The peach had never borne a large part in the charities of mankind, and its history had had but slight con- nection with the practice of the healing art, but its opportunity had now come. Do not can the peaches, said the commission to the children, and waste no sugar upon them. Cut them carefully in halves, and take out the stones. Lay the halves upon clean boards or upon sheds and roofs sloping to the south. Dry them thoroughly in the sun, if possible ; if not, put them in slightly heated ovens, or toast them gently upon the hearth, or before the stove. You cannot dry them too thoroughly, boys ; and you cannot send too many, girls. If there are any left when the sick and the convalescent have had their fill, they will do no harm to the well men in the trenches and the field. An excellent result having been attained in many parts of the country ONE DAY'S INCOME, ONE DAY'S REVENUE. 103 PICKING BLACKBERRIES FOB TI1E 6OLDIEE8. by a systematic canvassing of counties, towns, wards, and streets, and the Philadelphia Committee on Labor, Income and Eevenue having furnished an admirable basis for the conduct of such a canvass, the commission issued an appeal, late in the year, suggesting a similar organized effort in the North- western States. It was proposed, in this paper, that an attempt be made to obtain from every person in the Northwest the proceeds of one day's labor, one day's profits, or one day's income, for the benefit of the sick and wounded of the army. The commission asked for the 365th part of the gifts of Prov- idence, for the benefit of the gallant men now preserving them for those at home. It hoped that the appeal would be answered by the toiling seamstress and daughter of luxury, the hardy day -laborer and skilful mechanic, by the millionaire, banker and lawyer, by the successful merchant and his clerks, by the hardy mariner and stalwart yeoman, by the government employee even by corporate bodies, heretofore said to be destitute of souls. No class would be denied the privilege of uniting with, and none would be oppressed by, this thorough and systematic plan. The various trades, professions, and businesses of Chicago were already 104 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. organizing, with, a view to obtain from all this voluntary assessment. In many of the country towns an efficient organization had been effected. It was recommended that committees of two or three persons should be appointed for every department of business and labor, mercantile, mechanical, agricultu- ral, operative ; male and female, old and young. It was hoped that clergy- men and Sabbath- schools, as well as business men and associations, would become interested in this plan, that the press might be^ subsidized in its be- half, that Aid Societies, Loyal Leagues, and Good Templars would take it in hand promptly and energetically. The way to do it was to ORGANIZE ! It was easily done. If the workmen would authorize their employers to deduct one day from their week's or month's earnings, and the employers would add to it a day of their profits, the whole would be acknowledged together to the credit of the establishment. Every acknowledgment would stimulate others to follow the example. Two of the churches of Chicago had already taken the initiative in carrying out this programme: St. James' Church, Rev. Dr. Clarkson, rec- tor, and the first Congregational Church, Rev. Dr. Patton, pastor. Each had paid into the treasury the fifty-second part of its church revenue for a year, on the ground that a church organization has but fifty-two days in its year. In Palatine, a small town in Cook County, a few miles from Chicago, the Aid Society had assessed a monthly tax on every person in the town, varying from one dollar to five cents. Collectors had been appointed for the nine school districts of the town, whose business it was to collect the sums pledged monthly, and pay them to the Aid Society, and the aggregate would be an amount of between one and two thousand dollars yearly. If every town in the Northwest would follow this example, the Sanitary Commission would have a revenue sufficiently ample for its needs, and every Aid Society would be able to supply itself with all the fabrics it needed for the manufacture of hospital clothing. It was under a system thus set on foot that a considerable portion of the contributions in money to the Chicago Fair of 1865 were col- lected. "We have thus rapidly passed in review the various methods by which the treasury and storehouses of the commission were filled and from time to time replenished. For the purpose of going more into detail, as has been already said, and in order to describe more fully the little devices and ingenious shifts resorted to, in the same object, we give, in a succeeding chapter, an account of the various fairs, which, by the way, need not be considered as artificial IS RAFFLING PROPER? 105 stimulants, but may be better characterized as furnishing an opportunity for simultaneous giving and concerted action. The commission needs, let us suppose, a million dollars, and thinks that New York ought to furnish it. Mr. A. is applied to, and says that he would willingly give a hundred or a thousand dollars, if he were sure that Mr. B. and Mr. C. would do the same. The cabinetmaker says that he would gladly contribute a specimen of his handicraft, if he knew that others would do as much ; that, the milliner would furnish a bonnet and the machinist an engine. Now, the holding of a fair assures A. that B. and C., to say nothing of D., E., and F., will be called upon to contribute as well as himself; and the cabinetmaker, the machinist, and the milliner are severally convinced that their neighbors are to co-operate with them. A fair is simply a lever by which a good purchase is obtained upon the purses and pockets of the community. It brings about a long pull and a strong pull, but, better yet, a pull altogether.. There need be nothing arti- ficial, factitious, or unhealthy in a fair ; it is simply a form of organization. A composer, having his choice of means, and desiring to produce a massive effect, would dismiss the tenor and soprano and call upon the chorus. And as a choir is to a solo, so is a fair to all chance contributions. Of one device resorted to in some cities, objected to and forbidden in others, it may be proper to say a word or two here. The subject of raffling excited great interest throughout the country, and the minds of thoughtful people seemed to be pretty nearly divided upon its propriety. We give the two sides of the question as presented, the one by the officers of the Sanitary Commission themselves,, and. the other by a clergyman of Cincinnati. The commission deprecated raffles, the clergyman defended them that is, under the circumstances. The commission, according to The Bulletin, its organ, had felt it necessary to establish one rule in regard to the source of its sup- port to accept, without question and from all quarters, such gifts as were brought to its treasury. Accordingly, neither political, theological, nor moral questions had come before it. It had studiously avoided complication with the methods employed by those who had supplied its pecuniary necessities, declining to patronize or make itself responsible for either good or bad plans for raising money, and simply engaging, as trustees of the people's bounty, to spend the means placed in its hands in the most moral, most patriotic, and most faithful manner. It held itself strictly responsible for the safe custody, the wise and economical disbursement, and the most humane application of the funds committed to it ; but not for the methods by which they were raised. Any other course would make the Sanitary Commission the moral censor of 106 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the public, and cut off the sympathies of large bodies of people a loss even less important in a pecuniary than in a patriotic light. It should not be supposed, however, that the Sanitary Commission was indifferent to the morals of the community, or to the ways employed to aid and assist its own work. While it could not prescribe those ways, or go behind the gifts it received to catechize the motives or the methods of its ben- efactors, it earnestly desired, as a body of thoughtful citizens engaged in so serious a business, to see a careful respect for the laws, a tender regard for the moral interests of society, a profound reverence for God and duty, animating all its supporters. Confessing that the moral interests of the community are far more important than the success of its own work, it could not desire to flourish at the expense of any permanent principle of truth, justice, and religion. In regard to raffling, if the question were one the Sanitary Commission had the right to settle, the board could not hesitate to decide against it, as not being strictly legal ; as being, at the best, of disputed moral complexion, and, at ,the worst, decidedly evil in its tendencies, if not wrong in its principle. The practical settlement of the question lay with the gentlemen and lady .managers of the fair. They had thus far endeavored in their plan to free raffling from its universally recognized evils, judging it to be essential in some form to the success of the fair. That they might, under the discussion now going on, see it to be as immediately expedient as it is desirable on sev- eral grounds to abandon it wholly, was the wish and hope of the board. The Sanitary Commission was ^perfectly willing to sacrifice any pecuniary interest in the returns of the fair, to the practical testing of the question : " Are raffles necessary evils?" They thought not. The Cincinnati clergyman, in his sermon defending such appeals to the lot as those under discussion, took his text from Proverbs, xviii. 18: "The lot causeth contentions to cease, and parteth the mighty." He maintained, gen- erally, that where a ticket, or chance, is bought in a raffle with the simple desire of contributing to some worthy cause, and with indifference as to who wins, there is no gambling and no offence. After making the statement that goods of great value must have been sacrificed without this recourse to the lot, he said : " Let us now consider what was done to save these goods, amounting to many thousands of dollars, from this sacrifice, and to secure the full value for the benefit of the soldiers. " A single case will illustrate correctly the principle of the whole. There RAFFLES DEFENDED. 107 was an article worth, say, thirty dollars. But few or none were willing to invest so much in a single article. The result was, it was unsold. Then one said to another, ' Let us, thirty of us, unite, pay one dollar each, and purchase this. If sold at auction, it will go for, perhaps, ten or even five dollars. If we buy it, its whole value will be secured for the soldiers' fund.' Thus far, certainly, all is well. No one has been injured, the treasury of the fair re- ceives money which it would not otherwise have obtained, and the thirty have what they willingly accept as the equivalent of their money. Now what shall be done with the article obtained ? It might have been sold and the proceeds divided. Had money been the object of the purchasers, this would have been done. Instead of this, they say to each other, ' We cannot all have it ; and the money which each put in is of no consequence ; let us cast lots for it. One will obtain it, and the other twenty-nine will have made a donation of one dollar each to the funds of the fair.' This, as I understand it, was the operation in which Christians and other conscientious persons engaged, and these were their motives. I know that these were the views and the motives of those of my own church who consulted me, and we are bound to believe, until the contrary is shown, that others are and were as conscientious as we. " Now, it is quite clear that it is in the last step in the agreement of the thirty, that they would decide by lot which should have the purchased article, that the gambling, if anywhere, lies; and I declare, without the slightest hesitation, and with no fear that it can be successfully denied, that, in the transaction as set forth, there is not one feature or element of gambling. The only question possible, in regard to such an operation, is, Is it right on such an occasion to make an appeal to the lot, which is really an appeal to God, to decide the question at issue ? " Those who condemn this must do so upon one of two grounds : either that an appeal to the lot is wrong in all cases, or wrong in this particular case. But it is not wrong in all cases, as will appear from the following considera- tions : First, from the statement of our text, which shows, beyond dispute, that in the Jewish Commonwealth, in the time of Solomon, the appeal to the lot was a common practice, and its usefulness is acknowledged in deciding questions and ending controversies between men. It placed the decision with God himself, from whom there was no appeal. " The land was divided among the tribes by lot. The order of service for the priests in the temple was decided by lot ; so was that of the musicians ; and in the same manner the gates were assigned to the porters. "This practice was continued in the time of the Saviour; for, at the time 108 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. of the vision of Zacharias, it is said his lot was to burn incense before the altar. And here our word ' lot' becomes a history in itself. We use it as applied to a field ; we call it a lot, because, originally, lands were divided by the appeal to God, and what was thus assigned to a man was his lot. In the same sense we speak of a man's lot in life. The original idea was that each man's position is appointed by God. So, when an apostle was to be appointed, the eleven, not by any special command, but because it was a common custom, made the choice by lot. ' They gave forth their lots, and the lot fell upon Matthias.' " The use of the lot is, in itself, not only not immoral, but, rightly used, is a religious act, a solemn appeal unto the perfect wisdom of God ; and as such has been ordered by God, and used and sanctioned by religious and prayerful people from the time of Moses downward to our own ; and is, in itself, just as far removed from gambling as is the act of prayer itself. " But if right in itself, was the occasion on which we employed it a proper one? " We admit that the object of the fair was a right and Christian one. That because much of the value was in articles too costly for one man to buy, there was great danger, or, perhaps, a certainty that a very large amount would remain unsold, to be sacrificed at auctions. To prevent this sacrifice and to secure the proper amount for the soldiers' benefit, individuals combined to pur- chase an article which no one felt inclined to do alone, paying its fair value, knowing that every dollar paid, but one, would be a donation to the funds of the fair, and intending it to be so, and satisfied with this as the equivalent ; and when the purchase was made, the lot, by mutual consent, decided the ownership. " This, I know, was the principle, and these were the motives, in which the use of the lot began among our own people. In principle and spirit, both, it was proper and Christian, so far as my judgment goes. There was no appeal to selfishness or to a mercenary spirit. The contributors gave their money as a donation, to prevent a sacrifice of funds. He who finally obtained the article was pleased, and the rest were perfectly satisfied. It was as far removed from gambling as the distribution by lot of the land of Canaan after it had been won by the hard purchase of war. " If the thing was abused if any bought their chance merely in the hope of winning they were gambling; and I have no defence to enter for such." Another branch of the argument was taken up by a correspondent of the New York "Spirit of the Fair," who made the following affecting appeal to those in authority : THE CASE SUBMITTED. 109 " Messieurs et Mesdames the Committee : " Permit me, as one deeply interested in the success of the fair, and in that of the Sanitary Commission, which God speed in its good work, to call your attention to a matter of some importance. " Before the resolutions against raffling were announced, many ladies had made, as their donation to the fair, rare and beautiful fancy articles, as deli- cate as they were valuable. These they wished to dispose of at their real value, often amounting to a large sum. Now, let me ask, how can we do this, while raffling is rigorously and entirely excluded? With the exception of the more wealthy part of the community, people cannot afford to spend fifty or sixty dollars on a single fancy article, although, perfectly willing to acknowl- edge that it is worth the money ; and where they would gladly take a dollar share, go away without contributing their mite to the treasury. "Now, surely, if a man wins an afghan or a bouquet of wax flowers at a fair stall, he need not go and ruin his family at a faro-table. Assisting the soldier to fight our common enemy, is not an act likely to be associated with ' fighting the tiger.' There need be no raffles at the Children's Department, if they are thought likely to lead the youthful mind out of the way it should go ; and surely, allowing beautiful articles to go to ruin in the dust, as they are now doing, to be finally disposed of at auction for a mere song, is not the best way to roll up a pile of substantial and much needed greenbacks. " Now do, most courteous, brave, and liberal signers and signoras, who have so well sustained your part in this our effort to aid our sanitary brethren, yield a little in this respect. Don't strain at such a gnat as a dollar share in a wax doll, while the tremendous camel of an army of sick and wounded men remains to be disposed of. "Our soldiers have been npt unready at that great lottery, the draft. Those on whom the lot fell went gladly and willingly to yield up their lives and their all in the service of our country. Let us, bearing this in mind, avail ourselves of the readiest means in our power to serve those ' who suffer that we may enjoy,' taking good heed meanwhile to enforce the weightier matters of the law, and be assured we shall be held blameless in this matter also. 11 AN ASSISTANT AT THE FAIR." The case has thus been presented by the prosecuting attorney, and the counsel for the defence has been heard at length. To what judge and jury shall the decision be submitted ? To the ladies and gentlemen of the Mary- land State Fair, at Baltimore, half the proceeds of which were to go to the 110 THE TRIBUTE BOOK Christian Commission ? They permitted raffling. To the ladies and gentle- men of the Great Central Fair at Philadelphia ? There was no raffling at this fair. Suppose we give the casting vote to Boston, a city renowned for sobri- ety and practical views. What was done in regard to raffles at the National Sailors' Fair, held many months after the case, as above argued, had been submitted to the country ? The people of Boston, then, who hold that it is not well to go to the theatre on Saturday evenings, whose play-houses, lately shut by law on those evenings, are now closed by common consent, decided that there was no gambling in sanitary raffling ; that the essential element, the desire to win, was wanting, and they therefore disposed of every article which did not otherwise obtain an owner, by raffles. Wares in infinite variety and num- bered by thousands were thus made to yield an ample revenue, and the par- ticipators, at least, do not believe that they or their neighbors are any the worse for it. These instances only show that the arguments have convinced no one, that all have maintained their original convictions, arid, as we said before, that public opinion is, and is likely to remain, divided. So much for general views. We now come to the details, as seen in the operations of the Aid Societies, nine-tenths of which are auxiliary to the San- itary Commission, some few being independent. There were, at one time, fifteen thousand of them, the most of them subject and tributary to some cen- tral society in their neighborhood, as the greater part of those of the State of Wisconsin are to that of Milwaukie. Want of space forbids our giving the reports of more than some thirty of them, but as these embrace the smaller societies, and as the whole ground is thus covered, the view obtained will be complete. The reader will hardly rise from the contemplation of these won- derful labors of women, without a new and expanded appreciation of the aptitudes and capacities of the sex which men, with derisive gallantry, have agreed to call "fair." Say that Niagara is "nice," and that the Mammoth Cave is "sweet," but let us talk of the fair sex no more. Look in at the nearest bee-hive and see who the drones are. They are the males, and they do no work. Let us say the wonderful sex, the well deserving sex, the sex that can set an example ; but let us not again seek to make of the least of woman's attributes her sole distinctive claim. CHAPTEK V. AID SOCIETIES AUXILIARY TO THE SAJSTITARY COMMISSION. OFFICE OF A SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY. WE now proceed to give, in order of date, brief sketches of the origin, labors, and sources of supply, of the more important Auxiliary Societies and Branches of the Sanitary Commission. Some of those mentioned have, it is true, acted independently for a time ; others have not always sent their sup- plies through the commission, making some particular regiment or hospital the recipient of an invoice from time to time ; but they have, nevertheless, generally acted in concert with the national organization. All exceptions to the rule are specified. The reader should be warned of a peculiarity, in the use of the word " article," in sanitary language. So many " articles " are said to have been made, collected, and forwarded by a society in a year. The article is a very variable quantity, and its size and value fluctuate with the importance of the society recording it. A village relief association considers a pickle an article ; a branch of the commission applies the same term to a 112 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. jar of pickles. A sewing circle, having painfully elaborated a hundred yards of bandage, records them as a hundred articles ; at the receiving depot they may be registered as one package. So an article may be, in one place, a pound, and in another a firkin, of butter; a cake, and anon a box, of soap ; an article may be a can of sardines, a barrel of vinegar, a paper of pins ; it may be a pint bottle, a quart bottle, a demijohn, a keg, a hogshead, a pipe. As a general rule, the smaller the furnishing society the greater the subdivi- sion of the article. The reader thus placed upon his guard, we begin with the earlier societies, to which we have already incidentally referred. The women of Bridgeport, Connecticut, met together to roll bandages and prepare lint as early as the 15th of April, 1861 ; the LADIES' BELIEF SOCIETY was organized after the battle of Bull Run, the primary object being to furnish hospital stores to the Sixth Connecticut Regiment. Finding, how- ever, that they were able to do more, they sent of their abundance to other Connecticut regiments, to the Sanitary Commission, and to the hospitals at Washington. The next year the field of exertion was enlarged, and boxes were sent to Fortress Monroe, to Point Lookout, to Georgetown, to Alex- andria. The greater part of the articles furnished were from Bridgeport; but several of the neighboring towns and villages were laid under contri- bution. The society has met every week since the war began, the average attendance being twenty-five persons. Mrs. Woolsey G. Sterling was the first, and Mrs. Daniel Thatcher the second, President; Lydia R. Ward the Secretary. In three years and a half the society received and disbursed some $3,000 in money, made 902 shirts and drawers, and sent off over 13,000 articles, not including magazines, old linen, cotton, and flannel. In one week after the battle of Gettysburg, nine boxes of clothing, jellies, etc., were dispatched. Miss Almena B. Bates, of Charlestown, Massachusetts, read the Presi- dent's call for men, on the afternoon of the 15th of April, and the idea at once occurred to her that some of the men must go from Charlestown, and that they would need aid and comfort from home. In the space of a few days Miss Bates had communicated her views to several ladies and gentlemen, and had caused a brief paper to be drawn up proposing the formation of a relief society, and setting forth its objects ; this paper was signed by a large number of ladies on the 19th of April, the day of the attack upon Massachu- setts troops in Baltimore. A constitution was read and adopted, and a board of officers for the year was chosen on the 22d, as follows : BUNKER HILL RELIEF SOCIETY. 113 President, MRS. HORACE G. HUTCHINS. Vice- President, MRS. WILLIAM L. HUDSON. Secretary, MRS. HENRY LYON. Treasurer, Miss ALMENA B. BATES. Executive Committee, MRS. PETER HUBBELL, ' GEORGE E. ELLIS, ' W. W. WHEILDON, ' JAMES B. MILES, 4 T. T. SAWYER, ' R. WILLIAMS, 4 GEORGE "W. LITTLE, MRS. R. FROTHINGHAM, ' JOHN HURD, ' GEORGE HYDE, ' ARTHUR W. TCFTS, 4 S. T. HOOPER, 4 FRED'K THOMPSON, 4 O. C. EVERETT. The receipts in money during the first year were $1,825, obtained entirely from private sources ; $900 of this were expended for materials, and $400 in aid to soldiers' families. The receipts in money for the second year were about $5,000, $1,300 of which came from the Bunker Hill Association of California, in recognition of which, bounty supplies were sent to the " Cal- ifornia Hundred." During this year 110 boxes were sent to hospitals and soldiers' homes, and more than one hundred families received aid in money, food, clothing, fuel. At one meeting, held on the 9th of July, 1862, one hundred and seventy persons were present, and 300 articles of clothing were made at a sitting. Special contributions ena- bled the society to do something for the sailors at the Navy Yard, and to fit up a Discharged Soldiers' Home, some $500 having been given for this latter purpose. The society has never been tributary to the Sanitary Com- mission, its purpose having been, from the first, that Charlestown supplies should reach, if possible, Charlestown soldiers. The receipts in money during the third year were over $3,600, California 114 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. being again a generous contributor. The following table will show from what sources the society has drawn its funds : Cash from Dr. H. Lyon, collection taken at the Unitarian' Church $139 00 " from G. E. Mackintire, Winthrop Church 125 63 " from M. B. Sewall, Union M. E. Church 25 00 " from Mrs. G. TV. Little, First Baptist Church 72 25 " from Dr. and Mrs. Ellis 25 00 " from T. T. Sawyer, Universalist Church 106 50 " from Mrs. William Ilurd 20 00 " from Nahum Chapin 25 00 " from James Hunnewell 100 00 " from Mrs. P. Hubbell, St. John's Church 74 70 " from James Hunnewell 100 00 " from Bunker Hill Association, California. 243 65 " from T. T. Sawyer, for Mrs. O'Brien 25 00 " from Misses Kettell and Brooks 6 50 " from Dr. J. W. Bemis 20 00 " from Mrs. T. T. Sawyer 25 00 " from Charles A. Barker 25 00 " from Dr. and Mrs. Ellis 25 00 " from E. Collamore, New York 25 00 " from A. Heath, from gentlemen's committee 110 00 " from Misses Frothingham, Kent, and Neal 281 67 " from James Hunnewell . 100 00 " from T. T. Sawyer, from Foss fund 500 00 " from Joseph Peirce, B. H. Association, California 500 00 " from James Hunnewell 100 00 " from Committee on Entertainments, etc 670 26 " from James Hunnewell 100 00 " from Mrs. Chester Guild, Somerville 20 00 Contributions in sums less than Ten Dollars 57 50 Total $3,647 66 Two hundred families of soldiers were relieved ; large quantities of coal and wood were distributed, and 111 boxes forwarded to the army and the hos- pitals. Special funds were again contributed for the sailors and for the Dis- charged Soldiers' Home. Though the society, as such, did not take part in the Sanitary Fair at Boston, many citizens of Charlestown did, as individuals, and the Charlestown Table yielded a generous sum. The benefactions of the city have, from the beginning, been liberal in the extreme, and the reports of the Relief Society embrace, of course, but a small portion of the aid rendered, which has been given in many different ways and has flowed towards the army in numerous diverse channels. During the second and third years, Mrs. 0. C. Everett was President of the Society, and Mrs. T. T. Sawyer Vice-President, Mrs. Lyon and Miss Bates AID SOCIETY OF CLEVELAND. 115 remaining Secretary and Treasurer. Mrs. Lyon became President in 1864, and Mrs. Peter Hubbell, Vice-President ; Mrs. Geo. H. Braman was appointed Eecording Secretary, and Mrs. S. S. Blanchard, Corresponding Secretaiy ; Miss Bates, as befitted the founder of the association, remained constant to the end. On the 20th of April, 1861, the SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY OF CLEVELAND was organized, with the following board of officers : President, MRS. B. ROUSE. Vice-Presiden ts, MRS. JOETN SHELLEY, MRS. WM. MELHINCH. Secretary, MARY CLARK BRAYTON. Treasurer, ELLEN F. TERRY. The first act of the society was to raise a fund for the temporary support of the families of the three months' men. The necessities of the recruits assembled in a neighboring camp of instruction next enlisted its sympathies ; ill clad, and unprepared for their new life, they required blankets and full supplies of clothing, and these the government was, as yet, unable to furnish. Havelocks were cut and made during the summer, and the hospital at Camp Dennison was fitted out with clothing sufficient for two regiments. These had been suddenly called for, and, as the society was without means, were paid for by two or three members only. In June, the association began to spread the information it had acquired, among the towns of Northern Ohio, by means of circulars. A determined effort was made to centralize the efforts of the women of that portion of the state; and as there was much natural ignorance to dispel, and much that might be better done in person than by letter, the president of the society visited toWns, villages, families, and neighborhoods, and by her advice, explanations, and appeals, did much to create that interest and sympathy which have made the fourteen counties tributary to Cleveland one of the richest of the sanitary- districts. A large office and store were placed, rent free, at the society's disposal, by their owner ; regular meetings were appointed, and the sum of twenty-five cents was exacted from each member at each meeting. The stores collected were, naturally, distributed in "Western camps and upor "Western battle-fields. 116 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. As the work thus done augmented and as the opportunities for usefulness increased, the sense of responsibility deepened, and the hazards of transporta- tion and difficulties of guarding against waste impelled the society to seek some more extended and systematic plan of action. The Sanitary Commission stood ready to absorb and assimilate ; the Aid Society asked nothing better than absorption and assimilation. So the ladies of Cleveland proposed, and were accepted, and Mr. Olmsted wrote the letter of acceptance on the 16th of October. As an act of justice to the contributing counties, containing five hundred auxiliary associations, the society changed its name, and was there- after known as the " WOMAN'S SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY OF NORTHERN OHIO, Branch of the Sanitary Commission." The branch was ordered to report to Dr. Newberry, Associate Secretary of the West The number of articles received or made in the society in the first six months was nearly 70,000. The floating hospitals that sped upon western and southern rivers in 1862 and '63 were, on several occasions, entirely freighted with the stores of the Cleveland branch, or with goods purchased by its authority at Cincinnati ; a portion of the Marine Hospital was opened for the reception of disabled sol- diers through its influence ; and a temporary Soldiers' Home was established for the convenience and comfort of passing regiments. In the fall of 1863, $2,000 were obtained for the special purpose of building an immense perma- nent Home : such a structure was put up, and soon afterwards gave meals and shelter to about two thousand soldiers a month. The official reports of this society furnish the following incident : " Every Saturday morning finds Emma Andrews, ten years of age, at the rooms of the Aid Society, with an application for work. Her little basket is soon filled with pieces of half-worn linen, which, during the week, she cuts into towels or handkerchiefs, and returns, neatly washed and ironed, at her next visit. Her busy fingers have already made two hundred and twenty- nine towels, and the patriotic little girl is still earnestly engaged in her work." The WOMEN'S RELIEF ASSOCIATION OF POUGHKEEPSIE, New York, 'was organized on the 24th of April, 1861, and has been in steady operation since that time, receiving the constant support of the people of the city, and regular contributions from aid societies in Dutchess and Ulster Counties. The follow- ing ladies have, at different times, served as officers of the association : Presidents, MRS. JOHN THOMPSON, MRS. WINTHROP ATWILL, u WM. HENRY CROSBY, JAMES WINSLOW. POUGHKEEPSIE AND EAST CAMBRIDGE. 117 Treasurers, Miss SARAH M. CABPENTEE, Miss MAEY JOHNSTON, Miss MAET V. PAEKEE. Secretaries, MES. HENBY L. YOUNG, Miss SARAH SMITH, Miss JULIA N. CEOSBY. Vice-Presiden ts, MES. BENSON J. LOSSING, MES. RICHARD BAYLEY, " WM. HENBY CEOSBY, " GEOBGE WILKINSON, " WM. S. MOEGAN, " JOSEPH WEIGHT, " JAMES EMOTT, " EDWABD VAN VALKENBITEGH, " J. G. PABKEB, " GEOBGE INNIS, " WINTHEOP ATWILL, " H. G. EASTMAN. The society has received, in cash, about $4,000, and had forwarded on February 1st, 1865, for hospital and army use, one hundred and twenty-four boxes and barrels, of the estimated value of $13,500. The Poughkeepsie Fund for the Relief of Soldiers' Families, which was placed originally in the hands of a gentlemen's committee, was not long ago transferred to the Women's Association, a committee of which was appointed to attend to its disbursement. The amount raised for this object, since the commencement of the war, is nearly $25,000. Immediately after the battle of Gettysburg, a special committee of the citizens of Poughkeepsie was appointed to carry relief to the sufferers. About $2,000 were raised in view of this particular need. The ladies of East Cambridge, Massachusetts, met for the first time in April, 1861, to fit out Company A of the Massachusetts Sixteenth with flannel shirts, socks, towels, handkerchiefs, &c. For more than a year from this time, though a great deal of work was done, little or no account was kept of it or of its value. An organization was effected in September, 1862, the society Mrs. R. J. Knight, President numbering four hundred members, two hundred and thirty of whom were ladies. From this date to April, 1864, all its supplies were sent to the Sanitary Commission ; since April, they have been divided equally between the Sanitary and Christian Commissions. The following table will show from what sources the East Cambridge Society has drawn its funds : April, 1861. Subscriptions to fit out Company A, Sixteenth Regiment $327 39 " Collection in Baptist Society 150 00 " in Universalist Society 290 00 " " in Methodist " 120 00 118 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. April, 1861. Collection in Unitarian Society $472 45 " " in Orthodox " 12500 " Individual donations 1,000 00 " Grammar schools' contribution 300 00 1862. Assessments, subscriptions, and collections 709 25 April, 1864. Proceeds of a social levee 618 00 Nov., " Church collections for a Thanksgiving dinner for soldiers' families .. 14205 Jan., 1865. Proceeds of a dramatic entertainment for soldiers and children 150 00 " " Proceeds of an entertainment given by the Shakspeare class. ...... 200 00 Total $4,604 14 The SOLDIERS' AID ASSOCIATION OF HARTFORD, Connecticut, was organ- ized in May, 1861 ; its object was declared to be "the supplying of Connecti- cut soldiers with articles of necessity and comfort not provided by govern- ment." Its operations were at first conducted upon this plan; but, in its third year, the society, having found it to its advantage, and to that of Connecticut soldiers, to dispense its stores through the Sanitary Commission, sent more than half of its collections through that channel. Indeed, in the year 1863, out of the twenty-five Connecticut regiments in the field, only six of them received special donations from the Hartford Society. The following table shows the destination of the one hundred and seventy-seven boxes sent out by it during the year 1863 : To the Sanitary Commission 100 To ten United States hospitals 26 To Connecticut Relief Association, Washington 18 To N. E. Relief Association, New York 2 To Christian Commission 4 To six Connecticut regiments 18 To Nineteenth Regiment, U. S. Colored Troops 1 Special relief 8 Total 177 Of the one hundred cases sent to the Sanitary Commission, twenty-three contained dried fruits, jellies, preserves, pickles, wine, and spirits. The wives and children of soldiers, not only in Hartford but elsewhere, were the recipients of the eight special relief boxes. From Mrs. Co wen's report for the year 1863 we make the following extract upon financial matters : " We find ourselves at the close of the year without a single unpaid obligation, with a small stock of materials still on hand, and a goodly balance in our treasury. We have also pledged to us for the coming year, in monthly subscriptions, not less than five hundred dollars per month, and, while our expenses average a thousand, we may safely rely upon casual contributions to make up that HARTFORD AID SOCIETY. 119 amount. To our steadfast friend, Mr. Alfred Smith, we owe this system of monthly payments, which, headed by himself in the noble sum of six hun- dred dollars per annum, has been extended and made more practical by the efficient exertions of Colonel Bunce, Mr. Cornish, Mr. Kobinson, and others." The society acknowledged its indebted- ness to Mr. Allyn and Gen. Hillyer, for rooms rent free ; to the Hartford Steamboat Company, for gratuitous transportation ; and to city expresses for the use of their wagons without charge. The following was the list of officers for the year 1863-4 : AID SOCIETY 8 Alt). First Directress, MRS. SIDNEY J. COWEN. Second " ROSWELL BROWN. Third " " A. F. HASTINGS. Secretary and Assistant Treasurer, MRS. S. J. COWEN. Recording Secretary, Miss S. L. BLANCHARD. Treasurer, MR. F. A. BROWN. MRS. J. H. ASHMEAD, " M. H. BTJELL, " WM. BOARDMAN, " G. I. BROWN, " E. COLEMAN, " F. CHAMBERLIN, " N. COLTON, " FOSTER, Miss L. GILLETTE, MRS. A. G. HAMMOND, Miss HARBISON, MRS. THERON IVES, " J. F. JUDD, Managers, MRS. P. JEWELL, " WM. T. LEE, " D. PHILLIPS, " W. W. KOBERTS, " N. STARKWEATHER, " ALLYN S. STILLMAN, " H. L. SUMNER, " W. T. STRICKLAND, " 0. A. TAFT, Miss MARY TALCOTT, " JANE WOODBRIDGE, MRS. OSWIN WELLS, " T. J. WORK. The cash donations for 1863 were as follows : From auxiliary societies $1,400 21 " Tableaux 1,621 18 " New Britain 1,32425 " Alfred Smith 800 00 " H. 0. Beckwith.. 675 00 From Owen, Day & Root $500 00 " Conn. Vols., 22d Reg. ... 463 64 " Lee, Sisson & Co 300 00 " Day, Griswold & Co 200 00 " Thomas Smith . . 175 00 120 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. From Mrs. Warburton $150 00 From J. B. Hosmer $55 00 u Collins Brothers & Co 150 00 it A Friend, Mrs. T 50 00 M H. A. Perkins 125 00 it Lucius Barber 50 00 U Mrs. James Goodwin 125 00 tt Judge Ellsworth 50 00 u balance of Commissary a E. Fessenden 50 00 funds, by G. P. Bissell. . 115 00 u Mrs. E. Flower 50 00 u J. G. Batterson 100 00 it John Hooker 50 00 u Thomas Belknap 100 00 tt P. Jewell & Sons 50 00 u Kobert Buell 100 00 it J. F. Judd & Co 50 00 u Charles H. Brainard 100 00 it George Perkins 50 00 u James G. Bolles 100 00 tt Charles Seymour 50 00 H Beach & Co 100 00 tt N. Shipman 50 00 u Joseph Church 100 00 tt S. G. Tuttle 50 00 If David Clark 100 00 tt Miss Mary W. Wells 50 00 u Mr. Niles 100 00 it Samuel Mather 50 00 u E. Flower 100 00 it Invalid Dinner 47 50 (( Wm. H. Green 100 00 it Miss Ellen Watkinson .... 45 00 M James Goodwin 100 00 it Oswin Wells 40 00 u Hungerford & Cone 100 00 tt Smith, Bourne & Co 37 50 u Hillyer & Bunce 100 00 it Mrs. T. S. Williams 30 00 u Hunt, Holbrook & Barber 100 00 tt Edward Wells 30 00 u E. K Kellogg & Co 100 00 it John Beach 25 00 14 Henry Keney 100 00 it Jonathan Bunce 25 00 u Wm. T. Lee 100 00 tt Mrs. Leonard Church .... 25 00 u C. M. Pond 100 00 it C. C. Lyman 25 00 u Starr, Burkett & Co 100 00 tt Talcott & Post 25 00 (( F.Tyler 100 00 it Mrs. Edwin S. Tyler 25 00 (1 Eobert Watkinson 100 00 it C. S. Weatherby & Co. . . 25 00 (1 Calvin Day 100 00 it Lieut.-Col. Burnham 20 00 (( E. E. Goodridge & Co .... 91 74 it Foster & Co 20 00 u D. Phillips 90 00 tt Appleton R. Hillyer 20 00 u Bolles, Sexton & Co 75 00 it Mrs. C. T. Hillyer 20 00 It Cheney Brothers 75 00 tt Miss Lusk 20 00 II James L. Howard & Co. . . 75 00 tt W. K Matson 20 00 14 L. C. Ives 75 00 it Aaron Pierson 20 00 u N. Kingsbury 75 00 tt L. H. Porter 20 00 II J. C. Parsons 75 00 u S. S. Ward 20 00 It President Eliot 70 00 tt Mrs. Edwin Taylor 20 00 it Avails of Children's Fair . 61 66 tt Mrs. L. F. Sargeant 20 00 it Mrs. Russell Bunce 60 00 All others 564 74 u Leonard Church 60 00 Total $13,252 42 On the 13th of May, 1861, a meeting of the ladies of Lockport, New York, was held for the purpose of concerting measures to provide for the comfort of the four companies of the Thirty-eighth New York Eegiment, raised in Lock- port. On the 18th of June, the LADIES' VOLUNTEER AID SOCIETY was organ- ized, with the following officers : Mrs. B. A. McNall, President ; Mrs. James Ferguson, Yice-President ; Mrs. E. Gridley, Secretary; Miss Julia A. Shuler, NEWBURGH AID SOCIETY. 121 Treasurer. Some six months afterwards, Mrs. Ferguson became President, Mrs. Dr. Caldvvell, Yice-President, and Mrs. Charles Craig, Secretary. These ladies, with Miss Shuler as Treasurer, continued in office to the end of the war. The 6TRAWBEEEY FESTIVAL FOK THE SOLDIERS. society has sent the greater part of its supplies through the Sanitary Commis- sion, though it has done a vast deal of incidental work, such as furnishing particular regiments with necessaries, contributing stores to hospitals in Wash- ington, distributing relief among soldiers' families, making collections in behalf of individuals specially needing or deserving assistance, and giving dinners and festivals to departing and returning regiments and batteries. The SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY OF NEWBURGH, New York, was organized on the 30th of July, 1861. The first box was sent to Washington, but the second, and thenceforward all its supplies, with an occasional exception, were sent to the Sanitary Commission, through the Women's Central Belief Asso- ciation. In the winter of 1863 the society undertook to do something for the relief of soldiers' families, and has since given out all garments to their wives 122 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. and daughters to make. It has furnished ten thousand pieces of various kinds, and fifty boxes and barrels of wines, jellies, cordials, &c. The following is a list of its officers for 1865 : President, MRS. A. D. FORSYTH; Vice- President, MRS. E. HASBROUCK ; Treasurer of Hospital Fund, MRS. C. B. HEURTLEY; Treasurer of Family Relief Fund, MRS. M. F. 0. STRONG; Secretary, MRS. E. "W. SAUNDERS ; with a board of managers selected from the various churches. To two funds, for hospital and family relief, some $8,000 had, a short time since, been con- tributed. The SOLDIERS' BELIEF COMMITTEE OF WORCESTER, Massachusetts, was organized on the 1st of October, 1861, by the election of the following officers : President, MRS. CHARLES WASIIBURN. Secretary, MRS. E. C. B. MILLER. Treasurer, MRS. WM. DICKINSON. Two ladies from each religious society in the city formed the committees for cutting out work, making up packages, &c. The first year, eighty boxes and twelve barrels of clothing and hospital supplies were forwarded, the con- tents being about ten thousand articles, besides large quantities of delicate food. Numerous towns and villages were tributary to "Worcester in this work. At the commencement of the second year, Mrs. Miller resigned, and Mrs. E. A. Goodwin became Corresponding Secretary, and Miss Mary Bigelow, Eecording Secretary. During this year, one hundred and sixty-two boxes and barrels were sent to the front and to the several commissions, their con- ents being fourteen thousand articles. A Soldiers' Eest, consisting of two rooms, was established during this year. The rent was at first given by Mr. TOLEDO AID SOCIETY. 123 Freeland, the owner of the building, and was afterwards paid by the city. The rooms were furnished from the proceeds of a collection; the wages of the man in charge were paid by the Gentlemen's Eelief Committee, and meals were sent with generous frequency from the refreshment saloon in the railroad station. During the third year, the number of boxes and barrels rose to two hundred and sixty, and the number of articles contained in them to fifteen thousand. The number of towns and villages acting as auxiliaries was con- stantly increasing, till they were no less than fifty-five. The following table gives a view of the sources upon which the society drew, and of the extent to which their calls were honored : FIRST YEAR. From individual subscriptions. . " Gentlemen's Relief Fund . " Churches " adjoining towns " ladies' levee. . .$286 44 . 87 75 . 46 10 . 30 00 . 696 24 From private theatricals $75 54 " children's concert 5 00 " collection box . . 32 64 Total $1,259 71 SECOND YEAR. From Gentlemen's Relief Fund . " the city " private theatricals " calico ball " dancing school exhibition. " Charlton. . , 1,251 00 100 00 375 00 291 91 39 44 150 00 From other towns $162 58 " Sons of Temperance 11 05 u First Unitarian Society .... 25 00 " individuals 371 85 " little girls' fairs, &c 22 04 Total $2,699 87 THIRD YEAR. From Worcester County Fair . . . " Sales at Rest " Gentlemen's Relief Fund. " Children's Fair " Schools " All Saints' Church . . J,158 60 47 15 70 38 28 40 4 41 46 00 From a lecture by Capt. Hussey. . $23 27 " interest on bonds 231 47 " individuals 543 41 " collection box 19680 " Clappville, &c 1730 Total . $4,367 19 The SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY OF TOLEDO, Ohio, was organized on the 9th of October, 1861, and at once became an auxiliary of the Cleveland Branch of the Sanitary Commission. The following was the board of officers for the first year: President, MRS. S. A. RAYMOND. Vice-Presiden ts, MRS. J. K STEVENS, MRS. E. PERIGO. 124 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Treasurers, MRS. 0. E. WINANS (resigned in May), Miss E. R. BISSELL. Secretaries, MRS. ALEX. REED, Recording Secretary (resigned in May), MES. M. R. WAITE. MBS. J. R. OSBORNE, Cor. Sec'y. Directors. MRS. WM. KRATTS, Toledo. MRS. ENSIGN, East Toledo. A. D. PELTON, ' " CRANE, " " E. P. BASSETT, ' " WM. TAYLOR, Java, Lucas Co. D. STEELE, ' Miss TRACY, Tremainsville. "W. BAKER, ' MRS. G. W. REYNOLDS, Maumee. D. E. MERRILL, ' " LIMBERICK, " DR. BIGELOW, ' Miss Dix, M. RATHBUN, ' MRS. PERRIN, Perrysburg. Miss K. SHOEMAKER, ' " WESTCOTT, " " L. BRONSON, i This society has been, from the first, a most efficient one, and has shown as much tact in obtaining money as judgment in disbursing it. Now by a Continental Tea Party, anon by a Union Eally, and throughout the war by memberships and donations, they have kept their exchequer full ; and they have as pertinaciously sought to empty it. Once it was empty, or would have been, had not a gentleman, who was then, is now, and perhaps always will be unknown, given five hundred reasons for believing the contrary. It is plain that however numerous the bayonets the city may have sent forth, at least one Toledo blade was left at home. Mrs. J. T. Newton was President of the society during its second and third years. The first action taken in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in aid of the army, was the holding of a meeting of ladies on the 19th of October, 1861. They adopted the name of Ladies' Association of Milwaukee for the Aid of Military Hospi- tals ; afterwards, when events showed that aid could be as effectually rendered to the soldier at the front as to the invalid in the hospital, this was changed to that of SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY OF MILWAUKEE. The following officers were chosen for the first year : President, MRS. C. A. KEELER. Vice- Presidents, MRS. ALEX. MITCHELL, MRS. W. B. HIBBARD. Recording Secretary, MRS. WILLIAM JACKSOX. MILWAUKEE AID SOCIETY. 125 MRS. J. P. T. INGRAHAM, CASTLEMAN, A. GREEN, A. J. AIKENS, J. A. LAPHAM, R. D. JENNINGS, "W. BURKE, CHAS. CAIN, W. L. HlNSDALE, T. M. GWYNN, C. 0. OLIN, Corresponding Secretary, MRS. JOSEPH S. COLT. Treasurer, MRS. JOHN NAZRO. Managers, MRS. M. FINCH, " J. INBUSCH, " R. AUSTIN, " WALDO, " NASH, Miss BRADFORD, MRS. GEO. II. WALKER, ' BUTTON, ' DELAFIELD, ' G. P. HEWITT, 1 W. D. LOVE, ' HUBBELL, MRS. FURLONG, B. McVlCKAE, SHANKS, WM. ALLEN, STAPLES, JAMES HOLTON, TWEEDY, W. SANDERSON, ODY, JAS. HOSFORD, S. H. MARTIN. Wisconsin being a large and, of course, sparsely settled state, it required time to establish auxiliaries in the numerous and widely separated towns, villages, and neighborhoods, and to enter into relations with them as the central society. This was effected, however in a great degree through the zeal of Mrs. Colt, the Corresponding Secretary and in 1864 three hundred Aid Societies sent their offerings through the parent association ; these consisted of no less than two thousand nine hundred and eighteen boxes, containing clothing and stores of the value of $50.000. "Wisconsin bore an honorable part also in the fairs at Chicago, St. Louis, and Dubuque. The following summary, from a late official report, speaks fof itself. " We have sent supplies to the hospitals in- our state, particularly to the Harvey Hospital, in which we take a peculiar interest. "Our commission gave to every wounded man that could be reached after the battle of Eesaca a fresh orange or lemon, to assuage the burning thirst which invariably follows wounds. " We have poured down the Cumberland, Tennessee, and Mississippi, from Wisconsin, two thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven barrels of pickles and other anti-scorbutics, upon the first call. In six months our gifts have amounted to more than $25,000 in value, and this from a state with no large cities and not a rich population. " The gentlemen of Milwaukee, with their usual generosity, have stood by us, believed in us, and, more essential than all, supported us nobly. " Our auxiliaries have responded at once to all our calls, and they have been 126 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. many ; at least nine hundred circulars have in three months been sent to every part of the state, and not in vain. " We have carefully repacked every article, looking them over with much interest, knowing how much of heart and touching tenderness there was in every box. Every barrel of late potatoes was opened, assorted, and the eyes rubbed off, before going to the hospitals. " We have paid $967 for soldiers' families in transituand various purchases not included in hospital supplies. "It will be seen by the Treasurer's report, that with the capital given us, with the help of auxiliaries, we have produced large results. It will also be seen that, without a fair, Wisconsin gives the Sanitary Commission, through the Northwestern Branch, at least $50,000 or $60,000 a year. "There are several important places that on account of locality send directly to Chicago, and they are not reported here, which would no doubt swell the aggregate value to several thousand more." The following statement, that of the year 1864, will show from what sources the Milwaukee Society derives its ready money, with which to furnish auxiliaries with material, to purchase anti-scorbutics, and to move and apply the stores thus obtained : From weekly and monthly contributions and donations from the citizens of Milwaukee $8,683 95 Thanksgiving offerings 109 00 soldiers' aid societies, 1st six months 832 14 " " 2d " 873 15 churches 195 30 church festivals 64 13 Mr. G. H. McVickar, of the Chicago Theatre 100 00 a concert at Grand Eapids 11 00 an amateur entertainment at Milwaukee 479 25 the young men of Racine College 81 50 the Skating Park Fund 99 18 Fond du Lac 400 00 Mr. James E. Murdock's two lectures for soldiers' wives and families 397 38 all other sources.. 886 92 Total $13,212 90 The name of Mr. James E. Murdock occurs in the above table, in which he is reported to have given the proceeds of two readings, nearly $400, to the Milwaukee Society. The efforts of Mr. Murdock, with whose career as an actor and elocutionist all are familiar, to rouse the enthusiasm of the young men of the country, and to sustain it when exposed to discouragement, his MR. MURDOCH'S READINGS. 127 labors in behalf of the aid societies from one end of the land to the other, entitle him to more than this passing notice. Mr. Murdock arrived at Pitts- burgh, to fulfil a professional engagement, during the week which followed the attack upon Fort Sumter. He there learned that his youngest son had enlisted MR. MURDOCH BEADING TO 8OLDIEKS IN A HOSPITAL. in a regiment of Zouaves, and was on his way to Washington. He threw up his engagement and hastened after him. He overtook him at Lancaster, and finding him resolved to persevere in his course, confirmed his determination by giving him his blessing. The regiment called upon Mr. Murdock for a speech, and the remarks which he made in reply had, whatever their influence upon others, a remarkable effect upon himself. The counsel he gave to his audience he took to heart, and having preached, determined to practise. He abandoned his profession, resolved to devote his time and energies to the cause of his country until the restoration of union and peace. This resolution he has religiously adhered to. No man has done more, by reading and delivering patriotic poems and war lyrics, to raise the enthusiasm of his hearers ; no man has done more, by recitations in the hospitals, to sustain and fortify against despondency the sick and wounded; and no man has done as much in aid of 128 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the treasuries of relief and benevolent associations, by exercising a special profession in their behalf. Mr. Murdock's readings have sent many a recruit to the armies, have nerved him in the hour of danger, and comforted him in time of suffering. Since the war commenced, Mr. Murdock has read or spoken before at least three hundred thousand persons ; he has recited " The Sleeping" Sentinel" almost under the enemy's guns, and told the story of "The Cumber- land" to men who forgot their hunger in their emotion, and who waved defiance with their crutches. There is hardly an aid society in the North that has not been indebted to one of Mr. Murdock's entertainments for sums varying from fifty to three hundred dollars, and the aggregate can be told only by tens of thousands. Mr. Murdock has published a small book of extracts from his lectures and readings for the benefit of soldiers' families. The son from whom Mr. Murdock parted at Lancaster was successively made lieutenant and captain, for gallantry at Shiloh and Stone River. He fell at the head of the line of battle at Chickamauga, and lies buried under the sod of that bloody field. An elder brother, captain at Chickamauga, came out of that terrible struggle alive, but so shattered in health that he was compelled to leave the army. Mr. Murdock himself has been in the thirty days' service, and has acted upon the staff of General Rousseau. In November, 1864, Mr. Murdock received an ovation at the hands of the Cincinnatians, and a flag at the hands of General Hooker. " Not a sanitary commission in the west," said the mayor, on this occasion, " but has had its stores increased by the labors of Mr. Murdock; not a hospital but has been, directly or indirectly, strengthened in its usefulness by his unfaltering endeavors." The LADIES' UNION AID SOCIETY of Auburn, New York, was organized on the 21st of October, 1861. The following ladies have served as its officers from time to time : as President, Mrs. Hewson and Mrs. Merriman ; as Vice- President, Mrs. B. F. Hall, Mrs. Cox, and Mrs. Titus ; as Treasurer, Mrs. O. F. Knapp and Mrs. Perry ; as Secretary, Mrs. P. P. Bishop and Mrs. C. P. Under- wood. Miss Lillie Condit was made assistant secretary in the second year. The first managers were : MRS. NELSOX, MRS. COBB, MRS. POMEEOY, " CORNELL, " CHEDELL, " BARTLETT. Since its foundation, the society has collected about $7,500 in money, and has received, prepared, and forwarded some $13,000 worth of supplies. A treasurer's report, taken at random that for the third year, for instance gives a glimpse of the society's resources : ALBANY RELIEF ASSOCIATION. 129 Individual contributions $592 00 Monthly collections 222 83 Proceeds of Mr. Bishop's Poem . . 73 60 Donation from Mr. Chas. P. Wood 25 00 Donation from St. Peter's Church 60 00 Donation from Methodist Church . 14 45 Donation from the Universalist Church 52 70 Donation from Mr. George Letch- worth 20 00 Net proceeds of First and Second Concerts. . . 298 30 Donation from Young Men's Chris- tian Association $50 00 Donation from Owasco School Dis- trict 43 00 Donation from Woolen Factory . . 55 00 Donation from Mr. Rufus Sargent. 25 00 Donation from Hayden & Letch- worth 50 00 Net proceeds of Third Concert. . . 153 80 Donation from D. M. Osborn & Co. 200 00 Net proceeds of Collation 516 20 Total $2,451 88 The reader cannot be too often reminded that not a tithe of the total contributions of a city or town appears in the returns of its local aid or relief society. What is given to the several commissions forms, of course, part of their receipts, and appears in their acknowledgment ; but much has been done that has not been recorded, and much has been forgotten, whether recorded or not. On the 1st of November, 1861, a society of ladies called THE ARMY BELIEF ASSOCIATION, was organized in Albany, New York, the members of the Executive Committee being as follows : MRS. E. D. MORGAN, President. " WM. BARNES, Secretary. " WM. B. SPRAGUE, " E. P. ROGERS, " S. T. SEELYE, " RAY PALMER, " MARK TRAFTON, " A. D. MAYO, " J. McNACGHTON, " CHAS. M. JENKINS, MRS. GEO. H. THACHER, " ELI PERRY, " THOMAS Hun, " JACOB LANSING, " RANSOM, " JAMES HALL, " OTIS ALLEN, " GEO. B. STEELE, Miss C. PRUYN, CHAS. B. REDFIELD, Treasurer. This society has acted from the first as an auxiliary of the Sanitary Com- mission, and during its first year forwarded ninety-seven boxes of hospital stores and clothing, and among them one thousand pillow-cases, made by Miss Skerritt's pupils, and four hundred and forty sheets, made by the young ladies of the Female Academy. Over $1,000 were received from the churches of the city, by means of collections taken after the battles of South Mountain and Antietam. The cash receipts for the year were nearly $2,500. During the second year Mrs. Morgan resigned, and was succeeded by Mrs. Horatio Seymour. Seventy boxes were dispatched during this year, and 130 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. $1,750 received. Early in 1863 the secretary of the society was appointed Associate Manager of the Sanitary Commission, and it became a part of her duty to ascertain whether there was a Soldiers' Aid Society in eveiy town of Albany and Schoharie Counties, and to urge the formation of one where none existed, and to endeavor to make all, whether old or new, auxiliaries of the commission. A good deal of indifference was met and combated, and several societies were organized ; and in places where this proved impossible, two or three earnest women would be found, who would agree to collect- supplies individually in their villages and send them to Albany. In the third year, the society received $15,000 of the proceeds of the Army Belief Bazaar, $6,000 of which were expended in the purchase of material. Fifty-one boxes were forwarded. The SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY of Columbus, Ohio, was organized on the 21st of October, 1861, as a branch of the Sanitary Commission. Its money receipts have been about $7,000 a year, and relief to soldiers' families has formed a large part of its work. The officers for 1864 were as follows : President, MRS. W. I. KUHNS. Vice- Presidents, MRS. S. J. HAVER, MRS. L. J. WEAVER. Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, MRS. MARY C. HANFORD, MRS. GEO. W. HEYL. Treasurer, MRS. JOSEPH H. GEIGER. Purchasing Committee, MRS. GEO. GEIGER, MRS. JAS. BEEBE, MRS. ALEX. HOUSTON. Hospital Committee, MRS. DR. JONES, MRS. HAVER. The NEW ENGLAND WOMEN'S AUXILIARY ASSOCIATION was organized in Boston on the 12th of December, 1861, with the following board of officers : President, Vice- President, JOHN WARE. SAMUEL G. HOWE. Secretary, Treasurer, EUFUS ELLIS. GEORGE HIGGINSON. The object was to centralize the efforts of the women of New England, and to draw them into closer communion with the Sanitary Commission THE NEW ENGLAND WOMEN'S ASSOCIATION. 131 not only to augment the products of their labor, but to guide them into what was believed to be the most direct channel of communication with the army. During the year seven hundred and fifty auxiliary societies were formed in the towns, villages, and neighborhoods of New England, all zealous in collecting money and donations, in cutting and making soldiers' clothing, and in forwarding them to the central society in Boston. Correspondence was maintained with each subordinate association, information received from Washington was circulated at once throughout the country, and every sewing- circle was duly informed of what were the prospective needs of the army, so that no unnecessary stitches might be set. Nearly one hundred associate managers were appointed, one, and in some cases two, for every considerable town in the New England States. These ladies came into personal relations with thousands who could not have been as effectively reached by letter, combating and dispelling doubts, meeting and courting inquiry, and reporting progress to head-quarters. Ladies and gentlemen met daily at 22 Summer Street, to unpack, assort, repack and forward stores. Other ladies met to cast accounts, to keep formidable records of debt and credit, to write letters by the hundred, to acknowledge the receipt of boxes innumerable. The rooms occupied by the association brought their owner no rent ; the barrels and boxes sent from Summer Street paid the railroad and express companies no freight. During the first year the Industrial Committee cut over 84,000 articles, giving them out to sewing-circles or to poor seamstresses, the latter being paid for their work, but not from the fancies of the association. Many persons who had already given the material, gave the labor also, by proxy ; and, in these cases, the needle-women received a fair living price for their work. The association forwarded some 325,000 articles, receiving from individuals and societies, from musical, theatrical and other entertainments, and from children's fairs, a little over $29,000. It had also been entrusted with $3,000 by the Sanitary Commission for the purchase of material. During the second year, the association forwarded 255,000 articles, distributed 42,000 pamphlets, and received $65,000. The Industrial Com- mittee cut 29,000 pieces a piece being now a bed-sack, now a shirt, now a pair of slippers, now a sheet, now a pair of drawers, and now a pillow-case. The material for the 29,000 articles cost $27,000, the labor, as before, costing nothing, or if a portion was paid for, it was not a matter for official record. The operations of the society during the third and a part of the fourth years proceeded on a scale somewhat larger than during the first and second. From a monthly report of Abby W. May, Chairman of the Executive 132 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Committee, we make the following extract, which we believe no man can read without profit, and which will enlarge the ideas of some men as much as would the European tour : " The second month of the new year has passed very quietly, leaving us nothing new or strange to record. Our work has gone steadily on in New England; and from the Canada line sometimes indeed overrunning the boundaries to our Southern borders, from the most eastern snow-banks of Maine to our western limit, have come well-filled boxes, 243 in all, of comforts for the soldiers and sailors of our mighty army. Each day the ever- welcome postman has brought us the pile of letters, full of intelligence, of sympathy and of determination, which daily strengthen us anew for our work, and fill us with rejoicings, for the soldiers' sake, that such an interest in their welfare is so fully established everywhere in our land. "Does some one sneeringly say 'we are very far in the rear?' No! we deny the rebuff. The women of America have stood ready to go into the fore front of the battle. Their sympathies, their prayers have been there. Who will dare to say this is of small account in the fighting power of our men ? They have been present in person on the field, where need of their services existed. Witness the labors of Amy Bradley, of Helen Gilson, of ' Mother Bickerdyke,' and many another Florence Nightingale of America. They have blessed scores of hospitals with their quiet ministrations. And hundreds of women have stood, and still stand, ready to do similar service, whenever the need occurs. But they have been the fortunate few whose presence has been needed on the field the one in a thousand. What have the other nine hundred and ninety-nine been doing? Almost to a woman they have labored faithfully at home, giving money when they had it to give giving costlier and more precious offerings of time and thought and strength to the cause that is as dear to the women as to the men of America. " Does it seem to savor a little of self-glorification that we, a committee of women, should speak thus of woman's part in our great contest ? We can only say we have no such thought or feeling. Our work is easy a privilege, not a sacrifice. But we long to do justice to the women's work as it comes before our eyes, as it is confided to our hands. We long to tell to every one what our letters and the contents of the boxes tell to us. It is a story unmatched, we believe, certainly unsurpassed in the life of the race full of simplicity, sincerity, and heartiness, whose details can never be told, but whose result is a daily blessing to all who share in it, and an inheritance of which coming generations may well be proud." THE RHODE ISLAND RELIEF ASSOCIATION. 133 And if The Tribute Book shall prove of any assistance, even the slightest, in collecting and preserving for the use of the historian any of the fugitive chronicles that might otherwise be lost, its purpose will be fully attained. Mr. R M. Larned's first annual report of the EHODE ISLAND BELIEF ASSOCIATION, made October 29th, 1862, was for several reasons a peculiarly interesting document, the vicinity of the Portsmouth Grove Hospital to its head-quarters, at Providence, rendering it especially so. The report stated that $8,000 in cash had been received and expended, and that four thousand men at the hospital had been cared for. A large number of very sick soldiers had been sent, by mistake, to this hospital, before the government had made any preparation for their reception. The whole labor and responsibility was thus thrown upon the Rhode Island Agency, and their duties, which were intended to be merely supplementary, were made to include the entire supply and carry- ing on of the hospital. Fortunately, they were equal to the burden thus un- expectedly thrown upon them. In four months they furnished Portsmouth Grove, in round numbers, with 1,000 sheets, 4,000 cotton shirts, 1,300 woolen undershirts, 2,100 pairs of cotton and woolen drawers, 1,100 pairs of woolen socks, 3,300 towels, 700 beds, 700 pairs of shoes and slippers, 3,500 combs, &c., &c. Having thus supplied the wardrobe, they were obliged to furnish the larder also. Chests of tea, kegs of pepper, barrels of sugar, boxes of lemons, 50 barrels of onions, 1,300 pounds of codfish, 60 barrels of alppes, 18 boxes of soap, that should have been bought by the government, were sent without charge by the agency. Mrs. J. J. Cooke, of Elmwood, sent three barrels of tomatoes every day during the season. In addition to this work at Portsmouth Grove, the agency forwarded to the central office, at Washington, 321 packages, valued at about $40,000. The only item of expense charged to the commission during this year of extraordinary labor was fifteen dollars, paid to the porter for packing goods. From the date of the above report, in October, '62, to May, '63, when Mr. Larned's department was restricted to the collecting and disbursing of cash donations, boxes containing supplies valued at $10,000 were sent to Wash- ington, and elsewhere. In May, the supply department was united with the corresponding department of the LADIES' VOLUNTEER RELIEF ASSOCIATION of Providence, a society founded in August, 1861, to minister to the wants of the soldiers, in the first place, and in the second, to furnish employment to poor women, especially the wives of soldiers, by taking contracts from the government. From the organization of the society to the period when the two societies were united, nearly two years, 126 cases of garments and hospital 134 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. supplies were sent to Rhode Island regiments in the field, to hospitals in Washington, to Portsmouth Grove, and to the Sanitary Commission. After the battle of Shiloh, several thousand dollars were obtained by subscription in Providence, and expended in the purchase of cloth. This was made into garments by the ladies of the association, and sent to the Western army. Portsmouth Grove Hospital and the Invalid Corps in barracks were furnished with well-stocked libraries. The two societies, when merged together, were known as the Ehode Island Relief Association, auxiliary to the Sanitary Commission, and the various city and state societies were invited to affiliate with it; a large portion acceded to the request, the Newport Aid Society, however, preferring to act independently, as before. The last report of Mrs. Abby W. Chace, President of the Rhode Island Relief Association, estimates the value of the work done, supplies furnished, and money raised by her society, at $ 77,750. The FIFTH WARD VOLUNTEER RELIEF ASSOCIATION of Providence, Mrs. Sarah Ann Cook, Secretary, was formed immediately after the battle of Bull Run, being the first organization of the kind in Rhode Island. Up to January 1st, 1865, it had forwarded to the army $ 9,000 worth of supplies. The OLD CAMBRIDGE SANITARY SOCIETY was organized in October, 1861, and has been from the first an auxiliary of the Boston branch. It had, at the commencement of 1865, collected, packed, and forwarded one hundred and fifty-nine boxes, barrels, and bundles, and had occasionally sent a package of linen or lint to St. Louis. Its money collections have been about $9,000. Two circles of young ladies, the Slipper Circle and the Handkerchief Circle, have been very efficient in their peculiar sphere or, as we might say, in the circumference of their duties. The society was reorganized in 1865, the fol- lowing officers being chosen : President, MRS. ASA GBAY. Treasurer, Secretary, MRS. J. P. COOKE. Miss ELIOT. Executive Committee, Purchasing Committee, MRS. H. W. PAINE, MBS. A. K. P. WELCH, Miss FOSTER. Miss FRANCIS. Finance Committee, MRS. STACKPOLE, MRS. ANABLE, " J. W. MERRILL, " WM. READ, JR., " JOHN BARTLETT, " A. K. P. WELCH, MICHIGAN AID SOCIETY. 135 MKS. G. S. SAUNDERS, " GARDNER WHITE, u H. L. HIGGINSON, " EZRA DYER, " F. L. CHAPMAN, Miss ROPES, Miss NORTON, MRS. GEORGE M. OSGOOD, Miss WHITMAN, " H. TORREY, " HOPKINSON, " S. DANA. The citizens of Detroit held a public meeting immediately after the battle of Bull Kun, to take measures for the relief of the sick and wounded. A number of gentlemen F. Buhl, W. A. Butler, A. Dudgeon, Adjutant-General John Kobertson, and B. Yernor were appointed a committee, to be known as the MICHIGAN SOLDIERS' BELIEF COMMITTEE, whose duty it should be to disburse such money and stores as came into their hands to promote the comfort and efficiency of the army. At a late date they had received $12,500, and had disposed of three hundred and thirty-one boxes and two hundred and three barrels, containing the usual assortment of necessaries and luxuries. These five hundred and thirty-four packages had been received in four hun- dred shipments, and from one hundred and thirty-five different societies and places. The FIRST SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY OF DAYTON, Ohio, was organized in October, 1861, Mrs. E. P. Brown being chosen President, and Mrs. "Wilbur Conover, Secretary and Treasurer, and four ladies, Managers. Mrs. P. W. Davies was afterwards President, and Mrs. P. Holt, Secretary. The society has collected about $4,000 in money, and has prepared and forwarded one hundred and twenty-five boxes of stores, sixty-two of which were sent to the Cincinnati branch of the Sanitary Commission ; it has distributed work to the families of volunteers. The SECOND SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY was organized on the 7th of August, 1862 ; the average attendance has been fifty -five members ; about twenty thousand articles have been furnished. The SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY OF DETROIT was organized on the 6th of November, 1861, by the appointment of the following officers : Counsellor, DR. Z. PITCHER, U. S. Sanitary Commission. President, MRS. THEODORE ROMEYN. Vice- President, MRS. JOHN OWEN. Treasurer, MRS. D. P. BUSHNELL; afterwards, MRS. WILLIAM N. CARPENTER. Recording Secretary, MIS& SARA T. BINGHAM. Corresponding Secretary, Miss VALERIA CAMPBELL. 136 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. In the summer of 1863 it enlarged its sphere of action, became a branch of the Sanitary Commission, and took the name of " MICHIGAN SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY," meaning not a society for the aid of Michigan soldiers, but a Michi- gan society for the aid of American soldiers. " It is not for Michigan," says one of the Society's reports, " but for the country that our soldiers are fighting ; and not Michigan soldiers alone, but those of every loyal state. The Sani- tary Commission strongly urges the advantage of sending supplies to be dis- tributed by them without distinction of individuals or states. It is better economy to have all supplies given out from a common stock. In many instances one regiment has had more than enough, while another has been in need. Often, too, a regiment, in breaking up camp, leaves its superfluous stores to be wasted or plundered. Still greater waste occurs from packages sent to particular regiments not reaching them, or being left behind when the regiment moves. The greater part of these losses would be prevented by fol- lowing the plan of the Sanitary Commission. Of goods the disposal of which has been left to us, the greater part has been sent for general use." During the first year, the ladies of the society received some $1,600 and ninety-four boxes of clothing and stores from Detroit. They also received from the state one hundred and ninety-seven boxes, which they forwarded to Wheeling, Paducah, St. Louis, Washington, etc. These two hundred and ninety-one boxes contained twenty-eight thousand articles. The term " article" is as variable in Michigan as it is in Massachusetts. The number of articles distributed in the Detroit hospitals and shipped to the army by the society during its second year, was about sixty thousand. Its receipts for the third year were about $5,600, and one thousand two hundred and seventeen boxes and barrels of stores. The number of articles furnished was eighty -five thousand. In January, 1864, a Soldiers' Home was opened, and though supposed at the outset to be too large, proved much too small for the accommodation of those who applied for admittance. A meeting of all the Aid Societies of Michigan was held at Kalamazoo on the 23d of September, 1863. The object was to make their work more effec- tive by concentrating their efforts. It was resolved that the societies in the principal towns, and especially in the county towns, should correspond with others in the county, and aid in forming societies where none existed, and that each association in the state should send regular reports to the central organi- zation at Detroit The ladies of Kalamazoo then gave an account of a band of young women of that town known as the Alert Club, who made it their business to call upon BUFFALO AID SOCIETY. 137 MINUTE MAN OF KALAMAZOO. the citizens at their houses, to obtain promises of donations, to register these promises in a book, and to report to the society. Lists were then made out, and handed to the Minute Men ; these men were boys, many of them ,,g the brothers of the Alert Girls. ^ They went round with wheelbar- rows and wagons, collected the ar- ticles promised, and delivered them at head-quarters. The busy fingers which wasted so many stitches upon havelocks in the summer, turned their energies in a more useful direction as winter approached. Mrs. Samuel A. Frazer, of Duxbury, Massachusetts, who was in her ninety-third year in August, 1861, was already knitting worsted stockings as fast as she could ply the needle. The venerable lady knew something of the terrors of winter in camps ; she remembered Valley Forge, and when seven years old, eighty-six years before, had used many a hank of woolen yarn for "Washington's suffering army. The girls and teachers of the Wesleyan Female College, in Cincinnati, sent one thousand pairs of stockings to the Thirty-fifth Ohio on the 19th of November. The Ladies' Military Blue Stocking Asso- ciation of New York, formed in October, for the purpose of procuring one thousand pairs, reported twelve hundred and ninety -two pairs on the 10th of January. There was no organized effort in Buffalo, New York, during the first year of the war, for the collection and distribution of supplies. The GENERAL AID SOCIETY FOR THE ARMY was formed in December, 1861, upon the suggestion of Eev. Drs. Hosmer and Heacock, and Mr. S. B. Hunt, associate members of the Sanitary Commission. Operations were at once commenced, and such was the success met with in organizing auxiliary societies in the towns and villages of the western part of New York, that Buffalo soon became the channel through which the contributions of one hundred and seventy-two branches reached the objects of their common solicitude. The following were the first officers of the society : President, MRS. JOSEPH E. FOLLETT. MRS. Jonx R. LEE. Vice- Presidents, MRS. HORATIO SEYMOUE. 138 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Treasurer, Recording Secretary, MRS. JAMES P. WHITE. Miss GKACE E. BIKD. Executive Committee, MRS. CTEUS ATHEARN, MRS. JAMES BRAYLEY, MRS. JOHN OTTO, MRS. W. F. MILLER, MRS. ISAAC A. JOXES, Miss SUSAN E. KIMBERLY. MRS. F. A. MCKNIGHT. The ladies received, during the first year, about $6,000, and some sixty- seven thousand articles, the value of which was not far from $40,000. The net receipts for 1863 were over $16,000, between seven and eight thousand being the proceeds of a bazaar held in June. The officers of this bazaar were : Henry W. Eogers, President ; B. C. Rumsey and A. A. Eusta- phieve, 1st and 2d Vice-Presidents ; William Fiske, Treasurer ; and C. F. S. Thomas, Secretary. The society was also indebted to the Board of Trade for $1,300 ; to the Public School for $963 ; to an amateur concert for $640, &c., &c. Nearly seventy-three thousand articles were received, of the estimated value of $50,000. In 1864, the following interesting letter was received from the Catholic Bishop of Buffalo: " BUFFALO, May 17, 1864. " MADAM, " The Sovereign Pontiff, Pope Pius IX., has, through his Eminence, Cardinal Barnabo, notified me that with the deepest sorrow and with the most fraternal interest he has heard of the number of gallant soldiers wounded in our many battles, and that he desires me to give, in his name, and out of his private purse, $500, as some aid to alleviate their sufferings. " Your truly providentially organized society has done very much to aid our wounded soldiers ; hence it seems to me that there can be no better means of accomplishing the kind and paternal wish of his Holiness, than to hand over to you this check for $500, with my humble and fervent prayers that (rod's blessing may not only rest on our gallant wounded soldiers, but also on the honored members of your Commission who aid them so gener- ously. " Accept the expressions of respect and esteem with which " I have the honor to be, " Your most obedient humble servant, " f JOHN, "Bishop of Buffalo. " MKS. HORATIO SEYMOUR, u President of B. U. S. Sanitary Commission.' 1 '' RELIEF ASSOCIATION OF ROCHESTER. 139 Without pursuing further the statistical history of this society, we may say that it has been a most efficient auxiliary of the Commission, and has rendered a worthy return from the rich district of Western New York. The HOSPITAL AID SOCIETY OF TAUNTON, Massachusetts, Mrs. A. F. Southgate, Secretary, was organized on the 17th of January, 1862, a vast deal of unrecorded work having been done before that date. In three years it received and expended something over $5,000, and forwarded forty-five boxes of clothing and stores. The SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY OF NEW LONDON, Connecticut, Ann K. Almy, Secretary, has been, since the commencement of the year 1864, an efficient auxiliary of the Sanitary Commission, having done a great deal of independent work previously. The ladies of Eochester, New York, organized an aid society under the name of THE LADIES' HOSPITAL BELIEF ASSOCIATION of Eochester, on the 17th of January, 1862. The following officers were appointed : President, MRS. C. M. CURTIS. Vice-President*, MRS. W. B. WILLIAMS, MRS. L. FARRAR, " W. W. CARR, " A. GARDINER, " E. G. ROBINSON, " F. CLARKE. Recording Secretary, MRS. G. P. TOWNSEND. Corresponding Secretary^ MRS. L. C. SMITH. Treasurer, MRS. S. B. ROBY. Two directors were also appointed from each of the sixteen churches co-operating. The society worked, during the first year, upon a cash basis of nearly $2,500, obtained from the following sources : Cash from membership fees $20 50 Cash from Concert by the Arling- ton & Donniker Min- strels $56 00 " " Concert by the Hutch- inson Family 517 " " Tableau Festival and sale of a picture pre- sented by Miss E. A. Smith.. 759 04 Aid Societies 2945 churches and lodges, schools, &c 370 11 individuals 577 47 Capt. Hill's lecture.... 201 50 Concert by Prof. Black and others 300 60 Light Guard Drill and sale of Mrs. Can- field's picture 176 25 Total $2,496 09 140 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Large donations of stores and clothing were also received, so that the society, after devoting $1,800 to the purchase of material, and making this into garments, was enabled to send away during the year thirty-three bales, thirty-three boxes, thirty-six barrels, and forty-one kegs, containing an aggregate of twelve thousand five hundred articles and packages, besides large quantities of lint, compresses, and bandages. These were sent to the Western Sanitary Commission at St. Louis, to the Indiana Commission at Indianapolis, and to the hospitals in and around Washington. All reached their destination except one small box, lost during a raid of the enemy upon Alexandria. The following officers were appointed for the second official year : President, Mrs. W. B. WILLIAMS. Vice- Presiden ts, MRS. L. FARRAR, MRS. H. A. BREWSTKR. Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, MRS. G. P. TOWNSEND. MRS. II. E. HEGEMAN. Treas urer, Super in tend en t of Rooms, MRS. A. S. MANN. Miss R. B. LONG. There were also four directors from each of the twelve wards. The following is the table of receipts for the year : Cash from Aid Societies, etc. ... $576 97 Cash from Carpenters and Join- " " Churches 381 09 ers' Entertainment $80 00 " " individuals and month- Cash from Sale of Oil Paintings . ly subscriptions. ... 52 13 presented by James Harris. .. 80 00 " 4i Membership fees 12 25 Cash from Sale of Goods at " " Col. McVickar's Lee- Rooms of Association 29 04 ture 11 50 Cash from Treasurer of Bazaar. 10,319 82 " " Prof. O'Leary's Lec- ture 34 95 Total $11,577 75 One hundred and twelve packages were sent to the army and hospitals during the year, being divided among the Sanitary, Christian, and Western Sanitary Commissions. The receipts from the bazaar, coming in at the very close of the fiscal year, were invested in government bonds, to draw interest until needed. Of this bazaar we shall give a detailed account under the head of Sanitary Fairs. Little or no record was kept in Salem, Massachusetts, of the work done in aid of the army during the first year of the war. We can only say that it was AID SOCIETY OF BRIDGEPORT. 141 large, and that it was well and willingly performed. In February, 1862, asso- ciate managers were appointed, to act in concert with the New England Branch of the Sanitary Commission. In February, 1864, a room was taken, and Mrs. Asahel Huntington, Mrs. George H. Chase, and Miss Harriet E. Lee, were chosen Associate Managers. From twenty-five to thirty-five boxes a year have been sent by the SALEM SANITARY SOCIETY, and some of them must have been warmly welcomed, if we may judge by a list of their contents : " Sardines, canned duck, quail, soups, condensed milk, English mustard, tapioca, English breakfast tea, chocolate, sugar, and cayenne." This is a modern and benign form of Salem witchcraft. During the first year of the war a society, composed almost exclusively of young ladies, labored for the soldiers in Augusta, Maine, and with effect. But few records of their operations remain. In April, 1862, the LADIES' AID SOCIETY was organized, Miss Abbie Gr. Burton being President, Miss Susan Brooks, Treasurer, and Miss Hannah B. Fuller, Secretary. They have re- ceived and disbursed some $3,500 in money, and have distributed about nine thousand articles ; in 1864 they furnished the hospitals of the neighborhood with twenty thousand yards of bandages. Their treasury was supplied princi- pally by the exertions of the members of the society, and by fairs and levees. The SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY OF BRIDGEPORT, Connecticut, was organized on the 25th of July, 1862. Its money receipts were over $2,600 in the first year. Through its influence a special fund was collected during the holidays of 1863-4, for the purpose of giving the Connecticut soldiers encamped along the South Carolina coast a Thanksgiving and Christmas dinner. The follow- ing sums were obtained: Check from New Britain $300 00 Soldiers' Aid Society, Hartford . . 200 00 Alfred E. Beach, Stratford 100 00 Plymouth Hollow Elias Howe, Jr Nathaniel Wheeler P. T. Barnnm S. H. Wales F. A. Benjamin, Stratford. Birmingham John Elton, Waterbury . . . Ansonia Win. D. Bishop Alvord & Wilson. . 71 40 50 00 t . 50 00 , . . 50 00 50 00 .." 50 00 50 00 25 00 25 00 ;..*- 25 00 25 00 C. Spooner 25 00 Hay ward & Bacon $25 00 Jas. C. Loomis 25 00 Mrs. H. K. Harral 25 00 Hanford Lyon 25 00 Ferguson & Doten 25 00 Russell Tomlinson 25 00 Ira Sherman 25 00 Frederick Wood 25 00 Lacey, Meeker & Co 25 00 Henry Bishop 25 00 Andrew E. Nash 25 00 Birdsey & Co 25 00 S. S. Clapp 20 00 W. II. Perry 15 00 All other sums. . 6fi4 75 Total.. _...$2,09fi 15 142 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Fifteen hundred packages, the larger part of them barrels, with a few half- barrels, boxes, kegs, and firkins, were soon afterwards sent to the South. Of these, New Milford contributed seventy-six ; New Canaan, sixty-five ; Winsted, ninety-nine ; "Waterbury, sixty ; Litchfield, fifty-nine ; Seymour, sixty-four ; and Danbury, sixty-one. During this year the following ladies held the various ofiices of the society : President, Vice- President, MBS. DANIEL H. STEELING. MBS. MONSON HAWLEY. Secretary, Treasurer, MBS. L. H. NOBTON. MBS. WILLIAM E. SEELEY. Directresses. MBS. S. S. JABVIS, MBS. WILLIAM B. DYEB, ' CHABLES WEEKS, " DANIEL GABLAND, ' H. K. HAEEAL, " NATHANIEL WHEELEB, ' WILLIAM D. BISHOP, " ALDEN BUBTON, ' GEOBGE POOLE, " I. H. WHITING, ' F. K CLUTE, " P. H. SKIDMOBE, ' GEOEGE F. TBAOET, " RUSSELL TOMLINSON, ' ISA GBEENE, " JOSEPH THOMPSON, ' STEPHEN BUBEOUGHS, " CHABLES WELLS, ' FBEDEEICK PABBOTT, " HANFOED N. HAYES, ' GASFOED STEELING, " J. C. BLAOKMAN, MBS. J. G. ADAMS. The LADIES' SOLDIERS' RELIEF ASSOCIATION OF NEWBURYPORT, Massa- chusetts, was organized on the 14th of August, 1862, with the following officers : President, Treasurer, MBS. A. L. MAECH. MBS. M. L. BUNTIN. Recording Secretary, Corresponding Secretary, Miss A. A. ATTBIN. Miss S. L. DAVIS. The society has been from the outset independent, sometimes sending its supplies through the Sanitary and sometimes through the Christian Commis- sion ; at others, supplying such hospitals or camps as may have asked for assistance. It has collected about $5,000 a year in money, and forwarded some sixty boxes in the same time ; some as far west as St. Louis, and as far south as New Orleans and St. Augustine. "Its prosperity," to quote the words of the corresponding secretary, early in 1865, " is worthy of the noble cause in whose service it was organized. Pledged for the war, it will seek no rest from its labors till the welcome tidings of peace to our beloved country shall proclaim its mission ended." AID SOCIETY OF NEW HAVEN. 143 The effort to contribute to the relief and comfort of the soldiers made by citizens of New Haven, began at an early period. Without the existence of any formal organization for the purpose, collections were made and numerous boxes of clothing and other articles were forwarded to the Sanitary Commis- sion. It is impossible to give a precise account of the amounts raised and boxes forwarded in this way. They probably did not fall much short of what has been done in each of the years covered by the reports of the 'SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY' formed about Nov. 1, 1862. This association at once began a thorough and systematic effort in its appropriate work. It canvassed the city of New Haven, and became the channel of the contribu- tions of a large circle of towns throughout the State of Connecticut. Soon afterwards, the committee of gentlemen acting for the Sanitary Commission in Connecticut, transferred to it their authority to receive and forward all contributions hitherto sent to their agent. By means of this arrangement the society became the medium of communication with more than eighty towns in the state. During the year 1863, four thousand nine hundred and thirty- four articles were made, consisting of one thousand eight hundred and twenty- eight cotton shirts, eight hundred and eight flannel shirts, one hundred and one canton-flannel shirts, one thousand one hundred and thirty-four pairs of drawers, sixty-one dressing gowns, one hundred and twenty handkerchiefs, one hundred and forty-two towels, six hundred and fifty-eight sheets, twenty- seven pillow cases, seven cushions, and seven hundred and thirty-five pairs of socks. All these articles were made gratuitously by individuals and sewing societies, or by poor needlewomen paid for their labor by benevolent individuals. Quite a number of auxiliary societies were regularly supplied with material or cut garments to be made by their members. The total receipts for the year were as follows : From city donations $4,609 37 From avails of Concert for Sol- " donations from auxiliary diers (by Miss Bradley) $47 50 societies and friends in " avails of Tableau (by Miss other towns 602 59 Norton) 517 00 " sale of material to other " avails of Bazaar 2,912 26 societies.. 29388 " other sources .. 1000 Total $8,992 60 The cash receipts of the second year were about as large as those of the first; the society receiving, in addition, $1,000 from the Sanitary Commission, and giving in return one thousand sheets and one thousand six hundred and seven towels. 144 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Of the " Boys' and Girls' Fourth of July Fruit Fund," Mrs. Eoberts, the Secretary, thus wrote : " Our readers need not be reminded of the Fourth of July contribution made by our children and youth, who sacrificed their usual enjoyment of explosions of all kinds, to raise a fund for the purchase of fresh vegetables, fruits, and anti -scorbutics, now much needed. The Executive Committee, conferring upon the propriety of making the suggestion and discussing its probable success, ventured the hope that 'as much as two hundred dollars might be raised in that way.' Our surprise and gratification may be imagined when the sum in the aggregate amounted to over $730 ! When the head of some little flaxen-haired child shall be frosted with age, he may perchance meet this page, and who can doubt that he will feel both pleasure and pride in remembering that he was one of those who sacrificed a fleeting amusement to such a noble, to so high a duty ?" In three years the New Haven Aid Society sent to the Sanitary Commis- sion no less than seventy thousand articles, many hundreds of them being barrels, boxes, cases, jars, gallons. Seventy-five barrels of prepared bandages are set down in this wonderful schedule as seventy-five "articles." This is certainly a modest way of putting it : you may not hide your light under a bushel, but it seems you may hide your good works in barrels. The following is the list of officers of the General Soldiers' Aid Society of New Haven for 1864 : Miss M. P. TWINING, 1st Directress. MRS. A. 1ST. SKINNER, 2d " MRS. W. A. NORTON, 3d " Corresponding Secretaries, MRS. B. S. ROBERTS, Miss J. W. SKINNER. Recording Secretary, Treasurer, MRS. H. T. BLAKE. MRS. EMILY T. FITCH. Managers. MES. "WM. BACON, Miss A. LARNED, Miss E. BRADLEY, MRS. II. MANSFIELD, " H. BROWN, " J. D. MANDEVILLE, MRS. L. CANDEE, " D. C. PRATT, " C. CANDEE, Miss P. PECK, " R. CHAPMAN, MRS. W. H. RUSSELL, Miss R. CHAPMAN, " G. B. RICH, " C. COLLINS, " W. M. RODMAN, MRS. II. DTJBOIS, Miss E. SHERMAN, " J. W. FITCH, MRS. J. SHELDON, Miss J. GIBBS, Miss M. STORER, RELIEF ASSOCIATION OF BROOKLYN. 145 MRS. J. GOODXOUGH, Miss A. THACHER, " E. S. GREELEY, MRS. A. TREAT, MlSS M. HlLLHOUSE, MlSS H. "WARXER, " I. HILLHOUSE, MRS. C. E. WATERHOUSE, " S. B. HARRISOX. " WM. WINCHESTER, MRS. B. JEPSOH, Miss D. "WooLSEY. New Haven has been a large contributor to enlistment and family relief funds, and has sent considerable sums and numerous boxes to the Christian Commission. Great interest has been felt and manifested in the matter of furnishing the regiments of the state with chapel tents, one lady having collected, by personal solicitation, the sum of $676. Chaplains have been abundantly supplied with religious papers, tracts, books, &c. A " Chaplains' Aid Society," Francis Wayland, Jr., Secretary, has been the channel through which this particular stream of benevolence has flowed. On Thursday evening, November 24th, 1862, upon the invitation of the " War Fund Committee of the City of Brooklyn and County of Kings," an audience assembled at the Academy of Music, to listen to an appeal from Dr. Bellows, in behalf of the Sanitary Commission. At the close of the Eeverend Doctor's address, a resolution was adopted appointing certain ladies, in co- operation with the pastors of their respective churches, to provide and make up material for the disabled soldiers. The ladies thus designated, representing nearly forty churches, met together the next day, conferred with a number of ladies similarly occupied in New York, and soon after formed a permanent organization, as follows, under the name of the WOMEN'S BELIEF ASSOCIA- TION OF BEOOKLYN : President, Secretary, MRS. J. S. T. STRAXAHAX. MBS. J. N. LEWIS. Executive Committee, MRS. W. I. BUDDIXGTOX, MRS. E. SHAPTER, " J. W. HARPER, " J. D. SPARKMAX, E. H. R. LYMAX, HENRY SHELDOX, J. P. DCFFIX, LUKE HARRIXGTOX, JAMES EELLS, JEREMIAH Jonxsox, JR., HEXRY E. PIERREPONT, H. WATERS. Sanitary Committee of Brooklyn, D WIGHT JoiIXSOX, HfiXRY E. PlERREPOXT, SAMUEL B. CALDWELL, JAMES II. FBOTIIIXGHAJI, JAMES D. SPARKMAX. Fifty churches were soon afterwards represented in the society, and several others, which did not send delegates, nevertheless sent contributions. The 10 146 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. receiving-room was opened on the 1st of December, and offerings arrived with such regularity that a box a day was forwarded to Washington, or else- where, during the five months ending May 1st The number of articles dispatched to the armies in that time was over twenty-two thousand, their aggregate value exceeding $30,000. 61'ECTUE. SANITARY CHARADE. The Female Employment Society of Brooklyn co-operated with the Eelief Association in this labor, and at an early date offered to make up garments free of charge, if the material were furnished. The offer was accepted ; over $10,000 were obtained, principally by contributions in the churches, and expended in flannel, yarn, and burlaps. These were manufactured by the Employment Society into nine thousand garments, worth certainly, when made up, $15,000. The total value of the goods furnished by the Relief Associa- tion in five months was, at the least, $45,000. During the year ending May 1st, 1864, the Association received from sub- scriptions, from entertainments, lectures, &c., about $10,000, which sum was expended, as before, in the purchase of flannel, yarn, &c., the Female Employ- ment Society continuing to make up all material furnished them for the pur- pose. The officers of the Sanitary Commission, having decided that all above $300,000 resulting from the Brooklyn Fair should be expended by the ladies of the Relief Association in the purchase and manufacture of clothing, an AID SOCIETY OF LYNN. 147 instalment of $24,000 was received and so laid out by them during this year, in accordance with this desire. From May, 1863, to May, 1864, the society received, packed, and forwarded over thirty-six thousand articles, the value of which was carefully estimated to be nearly $58,000. It has continued to be an active auxiliary of the Sanitary Commission. The SANITARY AID SOCIETY OF LYNN, Massachusetts, was not organized till January, 1863. The people of Lynn had not, in the two years of war already passed, been either idle or indifferent. They had been as active as their neighbors, only their labors had been without concert or plan, each indi- vidual or group of workers sending their stores or supplies in the direction taken by the companies or regiments in which they were most interested. A vast quantity of unrecorded, irregular work has been everywhere done in this way. Upon the breaking out of the rebellion, the Quakers of Lynn raised a fund of over $3,000 for soldiers' families, and the manufacturers one much larger, which in the fourth year of the war was not yet exhausted. Cotton was sent from Boston to Lynn by the bale; public meetings were called, sewing- machines put in requisition, and shirts were sent back to Boston, five hun- dred at a time. Lynn has always cheerfully taken her full share of the burdens cast upon the country by battle and campaign, and has contributed, according to her means, to onion fund, Thanksgiving dinner, and Fourth of July festival. By a clause in the constitution of the Aid Society of Lynn, any lady becomes a member by the payment, annually, of fifty cents, and in the first year, there were five hundred and eighty members. The society received $2,300, principally church collections, and forwarded forty-four boxes of clothing and hospital stores. The following board of officers were elected for 1864 : President, MRS. W. C. RICHARDS. Vice- Presidents, MES. DR. EDWARD NEWHALL, MRS. J. B. ALLEY, " W. H. LADD, Miss HENDERSON. Secretary, Treasurer, Miss M. L. NEWHALL. Miss A. E. LADD. Executive Committee, MRS. WILLIAM F. MORGAN, MRS. HENRY A. PEVEAR, " JOHN L. SnoREY, " K. H. WAI.DEN, " Dr. PERCIVAL, " THOMAS W. BACHELLER, 148 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. MBS. J. "W. TEWKSBTJET, MRS. EDWIN II. OLIVER, " EOLAND G. USHER, " THOMAS F. BANCROFT, " JOHN F. HILTON, " JAMES E. NEWHALL, " JOSEPH W. ABBOTT, " EDWIN SPRAGUE, " JACOB CHASE, " EDWARD S. DAVIS, " MARTIN II. HOOD, Miss HENRIETTA EHODES. Soliciting Committee, Miss MARIANA NEWHALL, MRS. JOHN H. CROSMAN, " ANNA HOLMES, " MARY MEDBURY, " ELLA KEENE, Miss A. A. MUDGE, " CARLETON, " ANTOINETTE BREED, MRS. PHILIP A. CHASE. During the second year, the labors of the Aid Society were suspended for eleven weeks. Had the ladies of Lynn become tired of well-doing ? Had they taken a vacation, and left the soldiers' flannel shirts to shift for them- selves? Not so. But they had taken a table at the National Sailors' Fair, and for nearly three months devoted themselves to Jack, to the very obvious disadvantage of the landsmen. We shall see the part borne by Lynn in the great naval festival all in good time ; it can do no harm to say, now, that its decimal expression is $4,000. So it is not surprising that the receipts of the society this year were hardly $1,150 ; the members paid their fee, amateurs sang, recited, and played, Edmund Kirke lectured, and Newcombe's Com- bination combined. Two olios or miscellaneous entertainments went off so pleasantly leaving behind the receipts, however that the programme of one of them is appended. The fact that $817 were realized in this way speaks well for the talent of the performers, the taste of the citizens, and the size of Lyceum Hall; PEOGEAMME OF ENTEETAINMENT TO BE GIVEN AT LYCEUM HALL, ON THURSDAY EVENING, MARCH 31, IN AID OF THE SANITARY AID SOCIETY OF LYNN. PAET FIEST. I. MXTSIC. II. FIVE SCENES FROM "THE LADY OF THE LAKE." CHARACTERS. Fitz James, Ellen, Earl Douglas, Malcolm Graeme, Allan (the Minstrel), Eoderick Dhu, John De Brent, Old Bertram, Capt. Lewis, Soldiers, Lords, and Ladies. III. MUSIC. IV. COMIC SCENE FROM HOLMES. AID SOCIETY OF TROY. 149 PART SECOND. I. MUSIC. II. SCENES FROM DICKENS. SCENE 1. Hints to Nurses. SCENE 2. The Barber's Shop. SCENE 3. The Tea Party. CHAEACTERS. Sairey Gamp, Betsey Prigg, Poll Sweedlepipes, Young Bailey, Lewsome. in. MUSIC. IT. TABLEAUX. Y. MUSIC. Explanatory Eeadings of all Selections. Music, Vocal and Instrumental, by Miss Huntley and Messrs. Eyder and Noyes. Grand Pianos furnished by Chickering. TICKETS, FIFTY CENTS. RESERVED SEATS, ONE DOLLAR. N". B. It is hoped the entertainments will merit the patronage of the patriotic citizens of Lynn, as all the proceeds go to the Sanitary Aid Society, to help the needy sick and wounded soldiers. The free use of the hall is kindly given by the trustees, and the printers very generously do the printing gratis. Let the above suffice for the ten thousand similar entertainments which were given in 1864 for the benefit of the soldiers. We may add that the Shakspeare Club of Lynn gave readings from time to time in the same behoof. Associate members of the Sanitary Commission were appointed at an early date, in Troy, New York, and money and supplies to the value of about $7,000 have been sent direct from the city and vicinity. This is in addition to what has been done by the TROY SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY, B. H. Hall, Secretary, which was organized on the 19th of February, 1863. Its first year's receipts, in money, were nearly $3,800 ; seven thousand articles were manufactured and forwarded, of the estimated value of $7,000. During the second year, the society received $2,500 of the proceeds of the Albany Bazaar, and sent away articles worth $3,400. It has paid no rent, Dr. Wotkyns having provided a room without charge. The following table of receipts for 1863 speaks well for Trojan liberality: Thanksgiving collections $562 19 J. M. "Warren & Co $120 00 Mrs. Betsey A. Hart 240 00 Mrs. George M. Tibbits 120 00 John F. Winslow 18000 George M. Tibbits 12000 From the performers of "The Ri- Wm. Howard Hart 120 00 vals," Troy 134 00 John A. Griswold 120 00 From proceeds of two evenings' John Flagg 120 00 entertainments in Schaghticoke, H. Burden & Sons 120 00 through Mr. Charles Perry 131 26 Bills, Thayer & Knight 120 00 150 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. J. L. Thompson, Sons & Co $100 00 Mrs. H. H. Doughty 60 00 J. B. Hart 60 00 D. South wick 60 00 S. M. Vail 60 00 J. H. Willard 60 00 R. A. Flood 50 00 Fuller, Warren & Co 50 00 E. Thompson Gale 50 00 H. N. Lockwood 50 00 Joseph H. Parsons 50 00 D. Thomas Vail 50 00 C. J. Saxe 40 00 Fifth Baptist Church 36 40 Benjamin H. Hall 36 00 Jesse B. Anthony 36 00 Total.. Mrs. E. Seldon $30 00 Hagar's Rebellion Concerts 27 42 L. A. Battershall 25 00 Jonas C. Heartt 25 00 E. Proudfit 25 00 C. L. Tracy 25 00 W. L. Van Alstyne 25 00 G. II. Barnard 24 00 R. Peckham 24 00 John Anthony 20 00 T. W. Blatchford 20 00 J. W. Freeman 20 OO II. C. Lockwood 20 00 Maullin & Cluett 20 00 All others . . 397 66 .$3,783 93 It was not till early in 1863, that the necessity was felt in the extreme north for a home or lodge for soldiers passing through and temporarily de- tained. On the 1st of April such an establishment was opened in Boston by the Executive Committee of Boston Associates, at No. 76 Kingston Street. The second floor was fitted up, the sleeping-room containing at the outset twelve beds, forty-eight others, in successively added rooms, being gradually provided. The first applicant for aid, a soldier whose furlough had expired, and who had no means of returning to his regiment, was entertained on the 7th of the month. The following are the details of the aid rendered by this branch in the first eighteen months : Furnished transportation, at government rate, to .... " paid by the Commission. . . " " by U. S. Quartermaster. . . " carriage within the city " special attendance to their homes " lodging " meals (total number of meals, 34,440) " clothing (total number of garments, 1,160), " aid in arranging papers , " aid in obtaining pay " medical advice Wounds dressed Sent to hospital Referred to local Relief Associations - Re-enlisted Deaths Furnished undertaker's services. . 9,623 219 934 4,075 100 13,073 17,222 550 182 226 689 3,178 130 46 27 6 9 Back pay collected $26,528 72 AID ASSOCIATION OF CAMBRIDGEPORT. 151 A Hospital Car Service between Boston and New York was established by the committee on the 2d of November, 1863, two first-class cars having been set apart and furnished for this purpose upon the line by way of Spring- field and New Haven. Each car contained nine portable litter-beds, suspended by elastic bands ; twelve folding hospital chairs ; twelve ordinary seats ; a hospital store-closet, supplied witli medicines, stimulants, and the usual sur- gical and medical appliances, the means of cooking, and a wardrobe of hospi- tal clothing. For a time, one of these cars left Boston and New York daily, in charge of a military hospital steward and nurse. The number of soldiers transported in one year was nearly twelve thousand, each man moved costing at the commencement, seventy cents this including the outfit of the cars and during the last month, hardly fourteen cents. The average cost per man during the year was twenty-two cents. The whole expense of this special relief, including the home in Kingston Street, and the hospital car service, for eighteen months, was about $28,000 ; $10,000 of this sum was paid out of the proceeds of the Boston Sanitary Fair. For nearly three years there was no organized soldiers' aid society in Cam- bridgeport, Massachusetts. There were seven religious associations, all more or less active in works of relief, but each pursuing its labors in its own way, and sending its supplies in this or that direction, without reference to the operations of others. Several efforts were made to unite the churches and induce them to act in concert, but failed. Early in 1864, three of the clergy- men made an earnest attempt, and succeeded in effecting a thorough organiza- tion. The CAMBRIDGEPORT SOLDIERS' AID ASSOCIATION opened soon after with sixty members, and somewhat later numbered nearly three hundred. The ofiices were distributed as follows : President, MRS. J. M. S. WILLIAMS. Vice- Presidents, MRS. J. C. DODGE, MRS. C. A. SKINNEE, MRS. CHARLES SEYMOUR. Corresponding Secretary, Recording Secretary, MRS. H. O. HOUGHTON. MRS. W. W. WELLINGTON. Treasurer, MRS. J. M. CUTTER. 152 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. COMMITTEES AT LAEGE. Purchasing Materials, MRS. 0. W. WATBIS, MES. J. K. PALMEE, MES. ALBERT VINAL. Recording, Miss SABAH C. BENT, Miss SAEAH C. FISHES, Miss ALICE W. BEMIS. Packing, MES. F. H. MANSON, MES. W. P. SAMPSON, MES. G. P. CAETEE. The society has depended entirely upon assessments, memberships, and church collections, and received some $3,000 during its first year. It has for- warded boxes to the Massachusetts state agent at Washington at the rate of about one a month, besides supplying the individual wants of Cambridge soldiers, whenever informed of them. The weekly meetings have been attended by from seventy to one hundred and ten ladies ; others, unable to be present, have sent for work to be done at home, or, if unable to do this, have furnished clothing as a substitute for work. The association, at an early date, introduced into its machinery a Home Relief Department, for the purpose of drawing to and absorbing within itself a Young Ladies' Circle, which had devoted itself during the previous winter to the work of clothing soldiers' children. It continued its labor of love, but as a branch and under the auspices of the association. We have thus passed in review the principal Aid Societies in the country a sufficient number, at any rate, to give a stranger, should these pages fall into a stranger's hands, a comprehensive idea of the occupation of the women of the land in war time. Hamlets so small that the postmaster-general does not know them and, indeed, their own inhabitants do not know them by name, but only by number the neighborhood of some half dozen houses, the vil- lage, the cluster of tenements around the mill or factory, the town, the city, the metropolis all have been moved by one impulse, and, taking the mean of town and country, have given with surprising uniformity ; that is, the average per man, woman, and child, certain obvious allowances being made, is nearly the same in the several states. History, mythology, and fable will be vainly ransacked by those who would find a parallel. With the mere labor and application necessary for the creation of their supplies, the women and children have not always rested content. A blanket might not only hold warmth, but it might carry a message. In the earlier stages of the war, especially before stockings, shirts, and pillow-cases were needed and called for by the hundred thousand, it was a pleasant prac- MARKED ARTICLES. 153 tice, on the part of the knitters and stitchers, to append, in writing, some homelike, encouraging, patriotic sentiment, either in prose or verse. Indeed, it is still the boast of some few circles that no article has ever left their rooms without its metrical word of counsel or sympathy. Calumniators have desig- nated these rhymes as the work of the sewing-machine, or have intimated that the turning of a crank would produce as good. Let us see. Is there a soldier in the American army who would not find spiritual as well as physi- cal comfort in stockings thus labelled : " Brave sentry, on your lonely beat May these bine stockings warm your feet ; And when from war and camps you part, May some fair knitter warm your heart!" Or in an indorsement like this : " The fortunate owner of these socks is secretly informed, that they are the one hundred and ninety-first pair knit for our brave boys by Mrs. Abner Bartlett, of Medford, Mass., now aged eighty-five years. January, 1864" Blankets, bandages, pillows, bottles, have all borne messages of consolation to the army, as a few examples, taken at random, will serve to show. A piece of paper bearing these words was pinned to a home-spun blanket : " This blanket was carried by Milly Aldrich, who is ninety-three years old, down hill and up hill, one and a half miles, to be given to some soldier." On a bed-quilt was pinned a card, saying: " My son is in the army. Whoever is made warm by this quilt, which I have worked on for six days and almost all of six nights, let him remember bis own mother's love." On another blanket was this: "This blanket was used by a soldier in the war of 1812 ; it may keep some soldier warm in this war against traitors." On a pillow was written : " This pillow belonged to my little boy, who died resting on it; it is a precious treasure to me, but I give it for the soldiers." A pair of woolen socks told this story: "These stockings were knit by a little girl five years old, and she is going to knit some more, for mother says it will help some poor soldier." On a box of lint was this record : il Made in a sick room, where the sunlight has not entered for nine years, but where God has entered, and where two sons have bade their mother good-by as they have gone out to the war." 154 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. On a bundle containing bandages was written : " This is a poor gift, but it is all I had. I have given my husband and my boy, and only wish I had more to give, but I haven't." On some eye-shades were these words : " Made by one who is blind. Oh, how I long to see the dear old flag that you are all fighting under !" Early in 1862, Miss Breckenridge and other ladies of Princeton, New Jersey, sent to Kentucky a large supply of hospital stores, among which was a quantity of currant wine, each bottle bearing a sentiment, of which the following are samples: " Currant wine from Princeton, New Jersey. May it refresh you, brave men from Illinois." " Forget not the invisible hand that leads you to victory." " New Jersey extends her hand to you, brave Tennesseans." " This wine was made on the battle-field of Princeton, New Jersey, not far from where Washington led his army on to victory. May it bear to you refreshing, invigorating, healing virtues, is the prayer of the one who made it" " Currant wine for our brave defenders. The Lord thy God will not fail thee, nor forsake thee." A barrel of hospital clothing, sent from Conway, Massachusetts, was made to declare, by its label, that " it contained a pair of socks knit by a lady who is ninety-seven years old on the 24th of this month. She is ready and anxious to do all she can." The yarn, the heart, the hand, the love, the dreams and prayers referred to in the following verses, all came from a border state : "Fold them up, they are warm and soft As the delicate knitter's heart and hand, A pair of soft, bine woolen socks, And love knit in with every strand. More than this, there are dreams and prayers Wove in like a mystic, golden thread Dreams that may stir a soldier's heart, -. And prayers to hless a dying head. It is not vain, it is not vain, For love is blest, and prayer is strong, To move the Arm that surely guides The breasts that stern the tide of wrong. And those who, praying, still believe, Shall know the strength of human will ; They dream prophetic histories, And through their faith their hopes fulfil." HISTORIC LINEN. 155 From time to time the societies received gifts of linen older than the government it was given to save ; sometimes this linen was merely aged, sometimes absolutely historic. The New Haven Society received a sheet marked " J. * E. ;" and this meant that it had belonged in other days to Jehosaphat and Elizabeth Starr. Jehosaphat had married Elizabeth in 173 i, in Guilford, and the sheet was doubtless one hundred and thirty years old. Two of these heirlooms had descended to Mr. Henry B. Starr, and one by one he parted with them, probably in the only manner he could have been induced to give them up. In 1812, Mrs. Mary Witmer, of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, spun a quantity of flax and wove a number of yards of linen cloth. She lived to scrape her linen into lint, in 1862. The ladies of Brooklyn had called for bandages upon news of a sanguinary battle, and received a package accompanied by the following note : "FRIENDS OF THE BELIEF COMMISSION: It may not be uninteresting to you to know that some of the pieces of old linen left by me at your office this morning are very venerable by reason of age. " A hundred and fifty years ago, among the Ochill hills, in Scotland, and at the open window of a farm-house of that locality, the passer-by might have seen a young, blooming lassie working merrily at her spinning-wheel, prepa- ring for the most eventful change in the life of any one ; in short, she was spinning sheets and towels for her own future use. " Little did that young woman dream, as she merrily drove her wheel, that her handiwork would be used in 1864 to bind up the wounds of heroic men, who stand and fight for freedom in days of danger; yet such is the case, and I thought that you might be pleased to know the fact." One of the less obvious influences of the Soldiers' Aid Societies has been so forcibly stated in the pages of the Atlantic Monthly, that we cannot forbear quoting the passage : " Many a one could have wished to say to every soldier as he went forth to the war, ' Kemember, that, if God spares your life, in a few months or a few years you will come back, not officers, not privates, but sons and husbands and brothers, for whom some home is waiting and some human heart throb- bing. Never forget that your true home is not in that fort, beside those frowning cannon, not on that tented field amid the glory and power of military array, but that it nestles beneath yonder hill, or stands out in sunshine on some fertile plain. Remember that you are a citizen yet, with every instinct, with every sympathy, with every interest, and with every duty of a citizen.' 156 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. " Can we overestimate the influence of these associations, of these Soldiers' Aid Societies, rising up in every city and village, in producing just such a state of mind, in keeping the soldier one of us one of the people? Five hundred thousand hearts following with deep interest his fortunes twice five hundred thousand hands laboring for his comfort millions of dollars freely lavished to relieve his sufferings millions more of tokens of kindness and good will going forth, every one of them a message from the home to the camp : what is all this but weaving a strong network of alliance between civil and military life, between the citizen at home and the citizen soldier? If our army is a remarkable body, more pure, more clement, more patriotic than other armies if our soldier is everywhere and always a true-hearted citizen it is because the army and soldier have not been cast off from public sympathy, but cherished and bound to every free institution and every peace- ful association by golden cords of love. The good our Commissions have done in this respect cannot be exaggerated ; it is incalculable." The same idea was developed by I)r. Lieber in a late address. Many of our citizens, he said, were in constant apprehension of the appearance of some destroyer of our liberties ; of the apparition of The Man on Horseback ; of some bold soldier and bad man who should disperse the members of the Short Session as Cromwell did those of the Long Parliament. But no such despot had come, and there was no evidence of any temper in the army of which he might take advantage, if any such existed. And the reason was that the American is a citizen first and always, and a soldier but for a few years. And though absent in camp and surrounded by no influences but those of war, the constant messages from home and the unceasing evidence of interest from family and friends, lead him to prize his privileges as a citizen far too high to enter into any unlawful schemes of ambition, or to become the tool of any military pretender. One point remains to be alluded to before we dismiss this subject of soldiers' aid. We shall have occasion, in our summary at the close of the volume, to take the ground that not more than half of the supplies and stores collected throughout the country have ever been recorded ; that is, that fully half have been employed in such a way as to preclude their entering into any general account. The various commissions keep careful registries of every thing which passes through their hands ; but stores disbursed independently by this aid society and that relief association throughout the country are not added up in one aggregate, as there is no means of doing it. We have already seen many examples of this, especially in the first year. From among IRREGULAR WORK. 157 numerous more remarkable cases we select the following fact, which shows, by implication, how much must have been irregularly done : At the close of the year 1864, the officers of the Sanitary Commission of New Jersey made up an elaborate schedule of the contributions, in money and in kind, of every town and neighborhood in the state. They had received, it appeared, from the large and flourishing town of New Brunswick no supplies whatever, and only $44 in cash. The Christian Commission had received nothing. Does it follow that New Brunswick had done nothing, therefore ? Not at all ; but it had done its work independently. The records of the New Brunswick Aid Society, Isabella Tannahill, Secretary, show that up to the date of the making of the schedule just mentioned they had received $4,030, from donations, memberships, lectures, and concerts ; and that they had sent sixteen thousand articles to regimental hospitals, to battle-fields, and to the state agency at Washington. A state of facts to which New Brunswick fur- nishes the clue should be distinctly borne in the reader's mind. The aid societies have not only done the steady, plodding, summer and winter work which the object in view required of them, but they have from time to time held, or have taken a prominent part in, certain high festivals oi philanthropy called Sanitary Fairs, and we now proceed to the description of these, in the order of their oc2urrence. believing that we can thus obtain a better insight into the souls of the people, and better pluck out the heart of their mystery, than in any other manner. 158 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. CHAPTER VI. "''-* HE inexorable logic of facts compels us to commence this chapter, as we have already commenced several, with a reference to the city of Lowell, undoubtedly the first to hold a fair for the benefit of the Sanitary Commission. True, it was not upon the same scale, relatively, as that of those that succeeded it ; but the great element of rivalry did not come into play, as it was not known or imagined that the example would be followed. Moreover, the idea is every thing; and the idea that lay at the foundation of the Lowell fair was absolutely the same as that which, expanded and improved upon, formed the basis of those of Chicago, Boston, and the other fair-holding cities. The following statement is furnished by an eye-witness and participator : " On the evening of the 24th of January, 1863, a score of ladies assembled at the house of a gentleman in Lowell, at the request of his daughters, to con- sider the expediency of holding a fair in aid of the Sanitary Commission. At first it was only intended to make it a neighborhood affair ; but as they talked the cause inspired them with deeper interest and stronger faith, and before they separated they had not only decided to ask the co-operation of every religious society in the city, Protestant and Catholic, but a notice was written for the city papers, requesting all persons interested to meet at a place specified on the following Tuesday. A large number of ladies and gentlemen responded THE LOWELL FAIR. 159 to the call ; a plan was drawn up ; an executive committee, composed of nine gentlemen and six ladies, chosen. Committees, with a chairman for each, were appointed for each department decorations, finances, refreshments, flowers, music, printing, &c., &c., each to hold separate meetings and report to the executive. In four weeks from the day when the first meeting was called, without a dollar in hand or an article prepared, the first sanitary fair in the United States was opened a fair which, for harmony of action, beauty of decorations, system and order of management, and perfection of its financial arrangements, has never been excelled, if equalled." In acknowledging the receipt of the proceeds, Dr. Bellows wrote : " The zeal and liberality of your community have been conspicuous in every turn of the war. Your repeated contributions to our stock of supplies had not led us to anticipate such a splendid addition as you now offer. You would have been up to the average, if you had stopped where you were. You will make it very difficult for any community this side of the Rocky Mountains to keep pace with you, now that you pour into our treasury $4,850." How just and apposite it was that Lowell, which had given the first blood and buried the first victims, should have made the first concerted effort towards stanching other blood and aiding other martyrs. The whirligig of time doth indeed bring in his revenges. The second festival for the benefit of the soldiers was held in Chicago, in October, 1863. The initiative was taken by Mrs. A. H. Hoge and Mrs. D. P. Livermore, associate managers of the Northwestern Branch of the Sanitary Commission ladies whose humanity, zeal, and labors have raised them to the highest places in the annals of philanthropy. Their colleagues, as associate managers, were Mrs. E. C. Henshaw, of Ottowa, Illinois, and Mrs. J. S. Colt, of Milwaukee. The members of the Northwestern Branch were as follows: President, E. B. McCAGG. Recording Secretary. H. E. SEELTE. Vice-President, REV. WM. W. PATTOX. Corresponding Secretary, CYRUS BEXTLEY. WESLEY HUNGER, Treasurer, E. W. BLATCHFORD. Committee, B. F. RAYMOND, J. K. BOTSFORD. This branch of the commission had already sent to the field thirty thousand boxes of hospital stores, of the estimated value of $1,500,000, and 160 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. its treasury needed replenishing. The ladies consulted their colleagues, the gentlemen of the commission, and, the idea being approved, issued and distributed throughout the Northwest ten thousand copies of a not over- sanguine circular, in which the sum of $25,000 was mentioned as the limit of their hopes. In one day the industrious laborers mailed seventeen bushels of letters and documents, all relative to the proposed fair. The co-operation of the press and the clergy was earnestly invited. The effect was soon apparent throughout the interested district; meetings were held, towns and villages were pledged for large amounts by their enthusiastic delegates ; and in the mean time gifts of all sizes began to arrive, pianos, wringing-machines, wax work, stoves, hides, ploughs, nails, coal oil, native wine, pin-cushions, and cameos. Such, was the avalanche of offerings, we are told, that the fate of Tarpeia seemed to threaten the ladies forming the committee of reception.* On the 27th of October, inauguration day, the courts adjourned, the banks and post-office closed their doors, the public schools kept holiday ; for once the whole machinery of the bustling city stood still. The procession which opened the ceremonies was an amazing illustration of the spirit of the teeming country of the West. One feature of it was peculiar to the soil the delegation from Lake County, one hundred wagons laden to overflowing with the produce of the garden and the farm. Potatoes, blue, pink, and brown, in heaps ; onions, with the silver skin ; squashes, which must have known of their destiny in the early spring, so big with fate were they ; cabbages, beets * The Executive Committee of the Chicago MRS. A. K. HOGE, Chicago. D. P. LIVEKMOKE, 0. E. HOSMER, W. E. FRANKLIN, 1. N. ARNOLD, J. C. HAINES, FOLLANSBEE, JAS. BOWEN, DR. BIRD, AMBROSE FOSTER, ROBINSON, N. LUDINGTON, E. ALLEN, DR. HAMILTON, J. MEDILL, E. H. HADDOCK, HAMILTON, L. S. COWDRET, Miss EDWARDS, MRS. TILTON, Springfield, 111. " E. P. SELBY, " " " E. H. LITTLE, Frceport, 111. " E. C. HENSHAW, Ottawa, 111. Fair was composed of the following ladies: MRS. S, L. P. JONES, Monmouth, 111. " Gov. HARVEY, Madison, Wis. " Gov. SALOMON, " " " DR. CARK, " " Miss LOTTIE ILLSLEY, " " MRS. L. FISHER, Beloit, Wis. " J. H. TURNER, Berlin, Wis. " J. S. COLT, Milwaukee, Wis. " JUDGE HUBBELL, " " Miss EMMA BROWN, Ft. Atkinson, Wis. MRS. BELA HUBBARD, Detroit, Mich. Miss VALERIA CAMPBELL, " MRS. E. ELDRED, " Miss M. MAHAN, Adrian, Mich. MRS. CASSICK, Jackson, Mich. " EANKIN, Flint, Mich. " COL. LUMBARD, Chelsea, Mich. " LYMAN, Grand Rapids, Mich. " N. H. BRAINARD, Iowa City, la. " DR. ELY, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. " J. C. MAY, " " Gov. RAMSEY, Minnesota. " WRIGHT, Waukegan, 111. THE LAKE COUNTY DELEGATION. 161 TUB LAKE COUNTY DELEGATION. and turnips, and the whole anti-scorbutic fraternity ; barrels of cider, kegs of beer, and astride of the kegs, perched upon the barrels, and rolling among the onions, were boys by the cart-load, Northwestern boys, boys from Lake County. The wagons were driven to the Sanitary Commission rooms, where they were unladen, the crowd acting as stevedores. This magnificent harvest- home brought tears to the eyes of many a spectator, and would have done, doubtless, had the onions been parsnips. One of the most interesting donations to the Chicago Fair was the original manuscript of the Proclamation of Emancipation. President Lincoln said, in his letter accompanying the document, " I had some desire to retain the paper ; but if it shall contribute to the relief and comfort of the soldiers, that will be better." It was bought for $3,000 by T. B. Bryan, President of the Chicago Soldiers' Home ; and we shall have to tell, in another place, of the goodly fund the proclamation has been the means of securing to the institution. The management and operations of the Dining Hall were so thoroughly characteristic of the West that they merit description in detail. The city was carefully canvassed for donations of articles of food ; a record was made of all who would contribute, of what they could furnish, and of the days upon which they would send it. The aggregate supply for each day was thus 162 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. ascertained. Cooked meats were also received from without the city. Michi- gan gave enormous quantities of the finest fruit ; four fifths of this were sent to the hospitals. Game, roasted and carefully packed, came from Grundy County, Illinois. Hereafter, when we complain of what Grundy says, let us remember what Grundy did. Elgin supplied the milk, holding a monopoly at which no one grumbled. The ladies of Dubuque, learning that on certain days there would be a deficiency of poultry, hastened home, sent their best shots to the woods, and the fiercest raiders to the hen-coops. The threatened scarcity was averted by the timely arrival of one hundred roast turkeys, two hundred ducks, and as many chickens. That these were sent hot to the express car we can readily believe ; but when we are told, as we are, and in print, too, that they were brought to the table from the car smoking hot, as if they had just left the spit, we hesitate. "We are reminded of that great traditional culinary mystery of the four-and -twenty blackbirds, which, when baked, and, doubtless, " smoking hot," as soon as the pie was opened at once began to sing. Fourteen tables were set in the dining hall, with accommodations for about three hundred guests at once. Each table was reset four or five times daily. Six ladies were appointed to take charge of each table during the fair, two of whom presided daily one to pour out coffee, the other to maintain a general supervision. These ladies were the wives of Congressmen, professional men, clergymen, editors, merchants, bankers, millionaires none were above serving at the soldiers' dinners. Each presiding lady furnished the table linen and silver for her own table, and added such decorations and delicacies as her taste suggested or she could secure from her friends. " The waiters were the young ladies of the city neat-handed, swift-footed, bright-eyed, pleasant- voiced maidens, who, accustomed to being served in their own homes, trans- formed themselves for the nonce, for the dear sake of the suffering soldiers, into servants. Both the matrons who presided and the pretty girls who served were neatly attired in a simple uniform of white caps and aprons, made, trimmed and worn to suit the varied tastes and styles of the wearers." The North American Review thus discourses upon certain features of the Chicago Fair : " For fourteen days the fair lasted, and every day brought re-enforcements of supplies and of people and purchasers. The country people, from hun- dreds of miles about, sent in upon the railroads all the various products of their farms, mills, and hands. Those who had nothing else sent the poultry from their barnyards ; the ox or bull or calf from the stall ; the title-deed THE CHICAGO FAIR. 163 of a few acres of land ; so many bushels of grain, or potatoes, or onions. Loads of hay, even, were sent in from ten or a dozen miles out, and sold at once in the hay -market. On the roads entering the city were seen rickety and lumbering wagons, made of poles, loaded with a mixed freight a few cabbages, a bundle of socks, a coop of tame ducks, a few barrels of turnips, a pot of butter, and a bag of beans with the proud and humane farmer driving the team, his wife behind in charge of the baby, while two or three little children contended with the boxes and barrels and bundles for room to sit or lie. " Such were the evidences of devotion and self-sacrificing zeal which the Northwestern farmers gave, as, in their long trains of wagons, they trundled into Chicago, from twenty to thirty miles' distance, and unloaded their con- tents at the doors of the Northwestern Fair, for the benefit of the United States Sanitary Commission. The mechanics and artisans of the towns and cities were not behind the farmers. Each manufacturer sent his best piano, plough, threshing-machine, or sewing-machine. Every form of agricultural implement and every product of mechanical skill was represented. From the watchmaker's jewelry to horse-shoes and harness ; from lace, cloth, cotton and linen, to iron and steel ; from wooden and waxen and earthen ware to butter and cheese, bacon and beef: nothing came amiss, and nothing failed to come, and the ordering of all this was in the hands of women. They fed in the restaurant under the fair, at fifty cents a meal, fifteen hundred mouths a day, for a fortnight, from food furnished, cooked, and served by the women of Chicago ; and so orderly and convenient, so practical and wise were the arrangements, that, day by day, they had just what they had ordered and what they counted on, always enough, and never too much. They divided the houses of the town, and levied on No. 16 A street, for five tur- keys, on Monday; No. 37 B street, for twelve apple-pies, on Tuesday; No. 49 C street, for forty pounds of roast beef, on Wednesday ; No. 23 D street was to furnish so much pepper on Thursday ;*No. 33 E street, so much salt on Friday. "In short, every preparation was made in advance, at the least incon- venience possible to the people, to distribute in the most equal manner the welcome burden of feeding the visitors at the fair, at the expense of the good people of Chicago, but for the pecuniary benefit of the Sanitary Commission. Hundreds of lovely young girls, in simple uniforms, took their places as waiters behind the vast array of tables, and everybody was as well served as at a first-class hotel, at less expense to himself, and with a great profit to the 164 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. fair. It is universally conceded that to Mrs. Livermore and Mrs. Hoge, old and tried friends of the soldier and of the Sanitary Commission and its ever- active agents, are due the planning, management, and success of this truly American exploit." THE CHICAGO FAIR DINING HALL. The Curiosity Shop had this peculiarity about it, that it occupied a court- room, and that, to make room for it, court was adjourned for a fortnight, the adjourning judge giving his services to the ladies. The hall was draped with flags, fourteen captured from the rebels being conspicuous. A counter run- ning through the centre was covered with trophies, guns, bowie-knives, swords, shells, shackles, camp-stools, all of which had a history. There was, of course, a fragment of the Constitution, and a morsel of the Charter Oak. Aquanama, a chief of the Menominees, sent his photograph, and his daughter, Emma, three bags made by herself. There were minerals, shells, iron, copper, silver ; a snuff-box that had crossed in the Mayflower ; a copy of the first Bible printed in America ; and bracelets detached from a gigantic Indian skeleton, but just exhumed. In the Art Gallery were collected the best works in Chicago, lent for exhi- bition by their owners. Church. Boutelle, Kensett, Rossiter, Angelica Kauff- man, G. H. Hall, Healy, Gifford, Cropsey, Cranch, were worthily represented. Some raspberries, neatly done up in a leaf, by Hall, and suspended by a nail, CHICAGO INCIDENTS. 165 attracted the notice of a child, who so asked for them and so cried for them that he had to be taken from the room. The authorized " History of the Northwestern Fair" wishes the reader to infer that the child was a judge of fruit, and thus indirectly paid the artist a high compliment. Why not believe him a judge of pictures, and thus compliment the artist still more ? He may have been an epicure, but it is quite as easy to believe him a connoisseur ; and a little boy weeping because his father denies him a mas- terpiece, certainly offers as pleasant a sight as an urchin crying for rasp- berries. The success of this exhibition may be gathered from the fact that the gallery remained open a fortnight after the close of the fair, and that the whole expenses were defrayed by the sale of catalogues ! A series of entertainments, rehearsed for the occasion, were given in the evening at Metropolitan Hall, Mrs. Livermore being deputed to preside over the department of public amusements. First, a concert by two hundred chil- dren dressed in white and crowned with flowers, whose every song was en- cored ; second, an exhibition of tableaux upon a revolving platform ; third, another series of tableaux by a party from Detroit ; then a concert ; after that an olio of readings and recitations ; then a promenade concert, more tableaux, and, finally, two lectures. Nearly $4,500 were realized by these well-spent evenings at Metropolitan Hall. ' ; The Volunteer," a daily evening newspaper, edited by Mr. Frank D. Carley, and sold by young maidens acting as colporteurs the authorized his- tory says " newsboys" paid its own way and $377 besides. We are perhaps indebted to it for the preservation of the following incidents of the fair, which are worth preserving a little longer: A small sum of money was found in the pocket of a soldier who had died in a southwestern hospital, and was forwarded to his sister at home. Unwilling to apply these few dollars to any ordinary use, she purchased with them a quantity of zephyr worsted, and with her own hands knit an afghan. offered it to the fair, and had the satisfaction of seeing it sold for $100. A negro woman, who had made her way north from Montgomery, Ala- bama, brought her offering to the fair, saying to the secretary : " Please, Missus, may dis sheet, what I got wid my own money, and stitched wid my own hands, be sold for de Union sojers?" The sheet was sold for a price which would have been liberal for a shawl. Five barrels of potatoes came to the fair from Como, Illinois, the result of the summer's farming of six young ladies, who had planted, hoed, and dug them. 166 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Oreo. H. Harlow, of Pekin, Illinois, who had dedicated a portion of his garden to the army, sent the entire yield to the fair, eleven bushels of potatoes. J. W. Durfee, of Quincy, Illinois, planted two acres of ground with soldier potatoes, and sent the whole crop to the fair, reserving from it, as likely to bear a blessing with them, the small ones for seed. The aggregate of children's hoards, gathered from tin boxes, savings' banks, and stockings, amounted to several hundred dollars. Mrs. Lucinda Brewer, of Sterling, Illinois, a lady in her seventy-eighth year, gave eight work-baskets, twenty pin-cushions, and twelve iron-holders, made from a bedquilt seventy-two years old, all the work of her own hands. Mrs. Mary Holbrook, one year older than Mrs. Brewer, and of the same town which may well be named Sterling gave three pairs of stockings and two pairs of mittens, knit with her own fingers. Mrs. Lucy Brown, of Norwich, Connecticut, gave a pair of socks, the sixtieth made by herself since the war began. Mrs. Richards, of New York, eighty years of age, sent an afghan, the product of her own busy fingers and discriminating taste. Calender Ditter, a private in the Sixth Minnesota, contributed a specimen of what he called jack-knife jewelry, in the form of a pin thus composed : the pink centre whittled from a muscle-shell found in the Red River of the North ; the octagon from a buifalo horn, picked up near Devil's Lake ; the white from a muscle-shell found on the banks of the Cheyenne ; and the outer border from a buffalo horn, found near the head-waters of the James. "Accept it," wrote private Ditter, "and make the most of it." A soldier, who had given one leg and one arm to his country, employed the remaining foot and hand in weaving a basket of Lake Superior osiers. The Rev. Mrs. Isaiah Hauser, who resided at Bijnour, nine hundred miles inland, northwest from Calcutta, sent to the fair a package of silkworms' eggs, and a skein of floss of her own manufacture. Mrs. Hauser, it seems, was the wife of a Methodist missionary, and lived in the district which was the scene of Nena Sahib's rebellion. She carried on a silk-growing establishment, for the purpose of giving employment to orphans in the care of the mission. Eggs laid at Bijnour, sent prepaid across the ocean, exhibited at Chicago ! They were bought by a gentleman, who, doubtless, remembered the days of the morus multicaulis, and who promised to let the world know if eggs from India would flourish in Indiana. With a soldier's story of a raffle we conclude our catalogue of incidents. " A brave fellow from Chickamauga, who had lain for weeks in the hospital, A RAFFLE AT CHICAGO. 167 came home to Illinois to recover his health and heal his wounded and almost useless limb. His wife had come from her country home to Chicago to meet him, and to help him complete his journey. He said to her, ' Mary, I must go to that fair, if it takes my last dollar. I think I have one left.' With the help of his wife and his crutches he entered the bazaar, and, as he said, ' was dazzled with its brightness and carried away with its enthusiasm.' It was an amazing contrast to the battle-field, hospitals, and barracks he had left behind. The glittering pagoda in the centre of Bryan Hall attracted him, as it did every one. An elegant cake-basket was being sold in eighteen shares, at one dollar a share. ' I'll take a chance for you, Mary,' said the wounded hero, and a half shadow fell over the face of his wife, as she saw his last dollar go. The shares were all sold the drawing commenced, and to our wounded brave from Chickamauga was delivered the cake-basket. Such delight as there was over the good luck of the wounded soldier ! ' I thought the ladies would have carried me on their shoulders, when my name was called as the lucky one,' said the happy fellow afterwards, when telling the story, ' they were so glad I drew the cake-basket God bless 'em ! ' ' The Chicago Fair brought into the treasury exactly three times as much as the most sanguine had dared to hope. To the Women of the Prairie be the credit, as is most justly due. ELLSWORTH ZOUAVE UEILL. The following are the footings of the various departments of the fair, and the grand total : Total cash receipts $22,083 97 Admissions and sales 41,423 25 German department, Mrs. Governor Salomon, of Wisconsin 3,799 95 168 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Net proceeds of the sale of "The Volunteer," Fair Newspaper $377 15 Art Gallery receipts 3,726 75 Dining Hall receipts 6,409 23 Metropolitan Hall Entertainments 4,419 10 Proceeds of Ellsworth Zouave Drill 141 00 Sale of the original manuscript of the Proclamation of Emancipation, contrib- uted by Abraham Lincoln 3,000 00 Supplies not used and sent to the army, market value ... 4,665 61 Total $90,048 01 Deduct expenses 11,365 12 Net proceeds $78,682 89 The following list gives a fair idea of the variety and value of the con- tributions of goods, and of the extent to which an interest in the enterprise had spread : ILLINOIS. Workmen on Rock Island R. R., Northwestern R. R., Illinois R. R., Steinmetz H. R. R., one steam engine Peter Dwine, boiler, &c S. M. Fassett, card -pictures, pho- tographs, &c Eagle Works Manufacturing Co. (every workman subscribing), one steam engine H. B. Mason, 80 acres of land . . G. A. Taylor, 160 acres of land. Alanson Reed, piano and organ, Root & Cady, piano Phaeton buggy from Novelty Carriage Works ; goats from Hon. John D. Sargent of Durant, Iowa; harness, from J. H. Williamson, and minia- ture barn from Robert Mo- Clnre Barnaul Brothers toys' Zenas Cobb & Son, plough .... James H. Hoes, silver-plated ware Mrs. J. B. Drake, clock Nowlin & McElwain, silver- plated ware Jessup, Kennedy & Co., silver- plated ware Bnrley & Tyrrell, china 155 00 500 00 400 00 500 00 725 00 500 00 300 00 50 00 75 00 80 00 60 00 75 00 50 00 56 50 J. A. Smith, furs $50 00 Mrs. Eben Higgins, afghan .... 75 00 H. W. Austin, hardware 55 00 E. Bixby, hardware 50 00 Geo. E. Gerts & Co., brushes. . . 60 00 A. Ortmayer, saddles 58 00 Palmer 500 2,500 200 4,500 2,500 2,500 30,000 From Cincinnati, 175,000 Cincinnati thus contributed nearly three quarters of the proceeds of the fair, about one dollar for every man, woman, and child within the city limits. The " History of the Great Western Fair" thus closes : " In Cincinnati was first conceived and successfully executed the plan capable of working out the idea which Chicago had suggested, the plan since adopted elsewhere, and which adapts itself readily to the enlarging desires of the nation. Cincinnati, however, soon found that as she surpassed Chicago, so other cities were raising sums far larger than her own. In no cities, however, except St. Louis and Pittsburgh, have the results been comparatively greater ; and these last fairs were held under the stimulus of previous successes, and with the benefit of the experience which others had gained. Cincinnati will suffer nothing in the general comparison, for it is seen that she reached, according to her population, the proportion of the full measure of the country's capacity to give, as proved in the great eastern cities." The following is a detailed report of the proceeds of the Great Western Fair, by committees, departments, and tables : Sale of tickets to Ladies' Bazaar $13,309 65 " " Merchandise and Produce Hall 1,444 20 " " Palace Garden 100 80 " " Horticultural Department 1,547 55 " " Art Hall 1,100 00 " " War Memorials and Relics 1,145 55 Sale of general tickets 5,490 70 $24,138 45 Post-Office $91 90 Net proceeds of the "Ladies' Knapsack," fair newspaper 600 00 St. John's Episcopal Church tables 593 05 Christmas-Tree entertainments 1,106 21 " sales 18345 College Hill Ladies' Society table 445 40 Ohio Female College table 284 85 A FINANCIAL REPORT. 189 Fruits, flowers, and fancy articles, Mrs. D. T. Woodrow's tables. . . $1,376 51 Eefreshment table 863 95 Stereoscopic views 20 75 Sale of instrument presented by Hon. S. P. Chase 200 00 Closing sale of articles 301 05 Cash donations 44 40 Net proceeds, expenses deducted $6,101 89 Receipts from tables in Ladies' Bazaar 62,309 42 Refreshment Committee $221 47 Autograph " 1,677 55 Coal " 778 75 Transportation " 10,353 37 Nursery " 1,000 00 Finance " 56,291 62 Sales in Merchandise and Produce Hall 61,626 33 Certificates of contributions 10,121 10 Donations through C. G. Rogers 2,594 82 Profit on Five-Twenty Bonds 3,936 00 Sales in Art Gallery 350 64 Sale of relics and curiosities 923 33 Exhibition of monitors 425 00 Proceeds of concerts, lectures, &c 3,434 13 " of S. Smith's picture of the Crucifixion 1,140 00 Sales of buildings 12,672 00 $167,546 11 Total receipts $260,095 87 Deduct expenses for buildings, &c 25,506 89 Add, as per supplementary report . $234,588 98 817 64 Grand total $235,406 62 Now Cincinnati, proud of the quarter of a million thus obtained, sent to the city of Brooklyn, New York, in a spirit of defiance, a huge broom, being 190 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the ideal utensil which had swept together the glittering heaps. Brooklyn, nothing daunted, and with its preparations nearly completed for a fair of its own, picked up the broom as if it had been a knightly glove, and muttered : " As two and a half is to four, so is Cincinnati and Southern Ohio to Brooklyn and Long Island." We proceed now briefly to show how this prophecy, THE BKOOK1.YN AND LONG ISLAND FAIE. uttered under the breath, was made good in tones of thunder, bargain," sang Mr. Palfrey, and thus went on to sing : u Fair is a Fair is a bargain, when 'tis made According to the rules of trade ; Fair is the maid who sells these rhymes, You've called her so a thousand times ; Fair are the speeches false as fair That oft in Congress vented are ; Fair are the nymphs that throng Broadway On every bonnet-opening day ; In civil storms, as Job sets forth (xxxvii. 22), "Fair weather cometh from the North;" Fail-mount by Schuylkill's wave is fair ; Fairfield is famed for wholesome air ; Fair winds impel Fairhaven's sails, Hunting in Arctic seas for whales ; Fair was the fight at Nazeby, when Stout Fairfax beat King Charles's men ; And fair with treasures rich and rare Is Brooklyn's Sanitary Fair. THE BROOKLYN AND LONG ISLAND FAIR. 191 The Brooklyn and Long Island Sanitary Fair is claimed, by those most interested, to have been the first act of self-assertion ever done by the City of Churches. Though possessing the Navy Yard of the nation, the most beauti- ful Cemetery in the world, public schools as good as any in the land, noble institutions of charity, of learning and the arts, and though being, upon the authority of the census, the third city in the Union, it had been content to lie in the shadow of its mighty neighbor, a quiet suburb, a part, but not a whole, a Latin Quarter, a Trastevere, in short, the New Yorker's alcove, his bed- chamber. But when, in November, 1863, the Women's Belief Association of Brooklyn decided to unite with the sister city in a grand Metropolitan Fair, to be held in February, 1864, and when, upon the postponement of the enter- prise for six weeks, Brooklyn refused to postpone, and resolved to have a fair of her own,* to do business henceforward in her own name, and to break loose from Manhattan fetters, then it was, we are told, that she " asserted her full- grown womanhood, and, starting forth to walk alone, not only walked but * The following were the officers of the Brooklyn and Long Island Sanitary Fair : General Committee, ABIEL A. Low, President. Executive Committee Gentlemen . DWIGHT JOHNSON, Chairman. FREDERICK A. FARLEY, D. D., Cor. Secretary. WALTER S. GRIFFITH, Sec. Secretary. JAS. H. FROTHINGHAM, Treasurer. H. B. CLAFLIN, ELIAS LEWIS, JR., HON. ED WARD. A. LAMBERT, ETHELBERT S. MILLS, JAMES D. SPARKMAN, HON. JOHN A. KING, ARTHUR W. BENSON, S. B. CHITTENDEN, HENRY E. PIERREPONT JOHN D. MCKENZIE, HON. JAS. S. T. STRANAHAN, HON. ALFRED M. WOOD, HON. JOHN A. LOTT, SAMUEL B. CALDWELL, AMBROSE SNOW, THOMAS T. BUCKLEY, A. A. Low, HENRY SHELDON, CHARLES A. MEIGS, WILLIAM H. JENKINS, JOSEPH WILDE, Executive Committee Ladies. MRS. J. S. T. STRANAHAN, President. Miss KATE E. WATERBURY, Bee. Secretary. MRS. S. B. CALDWELL, S. B. CHITTENDEN, W. J. COGSWELL, J. P. DUFFIN, J. W. HARPER, A. CRITTENDEN, ALFRED M. WOOD, L. HARRINGTON, G. H. HUNTSMAN, T. F. KING, E. S. MILLS, HON. JAMES HUMPHREY, GEORGE S. STEPHENSON, ARCHIBALD BAXTER, JOSEPH RIPLEY, EDWARD J. LOWBER, LUTHER B. WYMAN, W. W. ARMFIELD, PETER RICE, WILLARD M. NEWELL, WILLIAM BURDON, S. EMERSON HOWARD. MRS. G. B. ARCHER, E. ANTHONY, H. W. BEECHER, A. W. BENSON, C. J. BERGEN, R. C. BRAINARD, J. C. BREVOORT, T. T. BUCKLEY, W. I. BUDDINGTON, N. BURCHARD, A. BRADSHAW, MRS. H. L. PACKER, Cor. Secretary. MRS. G. B. ARCHER, Treasurer. MRS. MORRELL, W. W. PELL, H. E. PIERREPONT, E. SHAPTER, H. SHELDON, J. C. SMITH, J. D. SPARKMAN, G. S. STEPHENSON, J. S. SWAN, A. TRASK, J. VANDERBILT. H. WATERS, 192 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. ran and soared, and amazed even herself." She amazed her big relative, too, and, if she did not alarm her, she stimulated her. A meeting was held in Brooklyn on the 19th of December, 1863, which exerted no little influence upon the success of the undertaking. The wealth and public spirit of the city were there, and before the evening was over the public spirit had got the better of the wealth by the sum of some twenty- five thousand dollars. A form of subscription was read, and Mr. John D. McKenzie was the fortunate man who first placed his name upon the paper* He not only did that, but he put the well-known formula, $1,000, over against it. Mr. Abiel A. Low took offence at this, apparently, for he inscribed a dif- ferent number, namely, $2,500, over against his name. Two such examples could not remain without followers, and they did not. Nearly thirty thousand dollars were subscribed during the evening, and in ten days the sums promised amounted to fifty thousand dollars. Notices were now sent to the various Sewing and Aid Societies of Long Island, inviting them to send contribu- tions to the fair, and in a short time, the whole population were warmly interested in its success, which, indeed, had never for an instant been doubtful. It was soon decided by the proper authorities that there should be a dining- room connected with the fair, and that it should be called Knickerbocker Hall ; that a refectory or lunch-roorn, furnishing certain peculiar and anti- quated viands, should be called the New England Kitchen ; that there should be a Curiosity Shop, a Gallery of Art, a Post-Office, and a daily newspaper entitled the " Drum Beat." Baffling and the sale of wine were prohibited. The Academy of Music was to be the central scene of the exhibition, con- nected by bridges with several contiguous buildings, one of which was already in existence, while others were yet to be constructed. All the preparations were completed in time, the booths stocked, the ladies dressed, and, punctually at the stroke of three, upon the 22d of February, the inaugurating proces- sion reached the scene of action. At seven in the evening the doors were thrown open, and the Brooklyn Sanitary Fair entered into history. Ages hence, however, when history shall have become old enough to have relapsed into tradition, and when people shall have their doubts whether Brooklyn ever existed even, the records which shall have drifted down to them of the Long Island Fair will confirm them in their unbelief just as the written glories of Aladdin's garden teach us that Aladdin never was, nor could have been. Is it too much to say that when ten thousand years have rolled away, the following paragraph, surviving the wreck of other matter, will be enough A VISION OF SPLENDOR. 193 to stamp the Brooklyn Fair as an amiable deceit and all the pleasant stories of it legends ? " A vision of splendor breaks upon the eye, before which few fail to stand in mute amazement. We see, as in some gorgeous dream of fairy land, a world of beautiful creations rise before us. Our eyes are dazzled with vivid colors, and our ears stunned with the clamor of thousands of tongues. It is night A myriad of gaslights pour a flood of radiance over the wonderful scene. The vast room seems wainscoted and ceiled with rainbows. Glass and silver flash back the blaze in streams of iridescent light; silks and satin shimmer softly, brilliant colors shine everywhere gold and crimson and green and blue and rose and purple ; perfumes of rarest flowers scent the air ; n melody from the piano tinkles through the tumult like the piping of birds in the pause of a storm, or a burst of sumptuous music from the powerful band rolls out of the balcony and charms the clamor to a breathless hush. * * * * The richness, vividness, and variety of colors of the thousand articles which heaped the tables, fluttered from the pillars, or glowed from the walls, gave one the impression of a bevy of rainbows playing hide-and- go-seek. The irises of one's eyes, for about five minutes after leaving this brilliant corner, resembled their etherial prototype as well in the rich play of color as in name." They must, indeed, in 11864, take it all for fiction. But the deception will be a harmless one, originating as it did in the honorable cause of humanity. But to some few details of the gentle delusion. In one of the proscenium boxes was the Post-Office, under the care of Mrs. J. P. Duflin and assistants. These ladies not only conducted the busi- ness of their bureau, but they wrote the letters too. The recipients paid fifteen and twenty-five cents postage, according to bulk, perhaps, or else accord- ing to their being written in prose or verse. So ardently did the ladies bend to their task, and so faithfully were letters advertised called for, that nearly $600 were realized, and this was ninety -five per cent, profit The Postmas- ter-General at Washington has long sought to make his department self- sustaining. Let him go to Brooklyn and learn. The Old Woman who lived in a Shoe dwelt not far from here. This was not, as might at first appear, an idea of the Hide and Leather Committee ; it originated with a lady of one of the city churches. The old woman was personated by a child of tender years, dressed in mobcap and spectacles, established in a huge shoe, and having so many dolls she really did not know what to do. She sold them, however, for four hours in succession, when she la 194 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. was relieved by another, and she by still another little girl, in turn. Had they been older, and had they lived in Elsinore, they would doubtless have exclaimed, each to her successor, ' ; For this relief, much thanks !" THE OLD WO.MAX WHO LIVED IN A SHOE In the book department, during the last three days, a placard was exhib- ited, upon which was the following appeal : " Buy a book, and leave it to be sent to the hospital library, Beaufort, S. C." Among the first to respond to this request were three soldiers, who purchased a volume each, and wrote their names and regiments upon the fly-leaf. One hundred and fifty books were thus obtained, and, at the least, $150 besides. Ten little girls, whose united ages were just one hundred years, arrived in state at the fair one afternoon, having brought to a close an auxiliary fair of their own. They came to bring the proceeds, $16.50 apiece. There are doubtless ten millionaires in the land who have not done as much in pro- portion, though they may have given thousands. The chief attraction in the Art Gallery was, of course, the exhibition of pictures and statues ; but one hardly inferior was the Artists' Album of Sketches in Oil, the fruit of a suggestion of Mr. R. Gignoux, of Brooklyn. The collection numbered one hundred and twenty pictures, by as many con- tributors. It was disposed of in shares of $10 each, over five hundred being sold. The shareholders agreed to meet after the fair, to divide the one hundred and twenty sketches into six portions, and to distribute these by THE NEW ENGLAND KITCHEN. 195 lot. This was done, and the arbitrament of fate was rigidly adhered to. Half the pictures remained in Brooklyn, a portion crossed the river, while a smaller part was transferred to Baltimore. An Amateur Artists' Album, containing fifty-eight pictures in oils and water-colors the larger part by ladies, and all originals was disposed of in shares for $500. They were then drawn for in lots, two of twenty each and one of eighteen. Knickerbocker Hall, where creature comforts were dispensed, was a great pecuniary and gastronomic triumph. Upholstery and epicurianism vied with each other, and it is impossible to say which won. Flags, arches, evergreens, shields, mirrors, on the one hand ; on the other, trout, pickles, grouse, eggs, jelly, pies, celery, and ducks. Messrs. Duryea & Co., of New York, not only furnished all the maizena that a hungry public called for, but they cooked it so well, and in so many different ways, that every one took maizena, no mat- ter what else he neglected. The other supplies were mainly contributed by the churches, six on each day. Thus, on Tuesday, March 1st, it was the turn of Plymouth Church, the South Presbyterian, the Harrison Street Dutch Church, St. Charles Borromeo, the Elm Place Congregational, and the East Eeformed Dutch Church ; on Wednesday, it was the turn of six others. The quantity consumed in a day was not far from the following, maizena not included : One hundred turkeys and chickens, one hundred grouse, quail, and ducks, five hundred pounds of beef, mutton, and venison, twenty hams and tongues, eighteen thousand oysters, fifteen pounds of trout, twenty pounds of smelts and other fish ; cake, pies, sixty or seventy quarts of jelly, eight hundred quarts of ice-cream, two hundred and fifty quarts of coffee and tea, four hun- dred loaves of bread, three barrels of crackers, two hundred heads of celery, three barrels of potatoes, besides sugar, butter, eggs, milk, flour, apples, oranges, pickles, preserves, &c. The articles of food contributed were enough to supply seven eighths of the entire demand. $24,000 was the net result of this thoroughly well managed affair. The nature of the New England Kitchen will be best explained by an extract from the circular of the committee having the matter in charge : " The idea is to present a faithful picture of New England farm-house life of the last century. The grand old fire-place shall glow again, the spinning- wheel shall whirl as of old ; the walls shall be garnished with the products of the forest and the field ; the quilting, the donation, and the wedding party shall assemble once more, while the apple paring shall not be forgotten ; and the dinner-table, always set, shall be loaded with substantial New England 196 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. cheer. "We shall try to reproduce the manners, customs, dress, and, if possi- ble, the idiom of the time ; in short, to illustrate the domestic life and habits of the people to whose determined courage, sustained by their faith in God, we owe that government so dear to every loyal heart. The period fixed upon is just prior to the throwing overboard of the tea in Boston Harbor." Another briefer statement of the object in view was made in these words: ' It was established to promote plain living, high thinking, a consummation of pork and beans, and a revival of the spirit of seventy-six." Before the projectors of this novel plan could obtain the necessary space in which to carry it out, they were obliged to pledge themselves that it should yield a certain sum, which in the end it did yield, and four times over. The furniture and appointments of the room were, for the most part, genuine antiques. One of the chairs was a hundred and fifty years old, and had once been buried in the earth, to save it from destruction by the foe. There was a clock, whose face was pitted by a British bullet, and a rifle which had belonged to Patrick Henry ; there were Bibles of the days of the Puritans ; newspapers of the year 1775 ; paintings from the panels of the Guerriere ; canteens and spinning-wheels one hundred years old. We read in the " History of the Brooklyn and Long Island Fair :" " The fire-place was, of course, an important feature of the kitchen. It was of huge dimensions, and strictly after the old New England type. In its capacious mouth an ox might have been roasted with ease. From the tradi- tional trammel swung a gigantic pot, in which from time to time were cooked great messes of unctuous chowder or steaming quantums of mush. From the ovens at the sides emerged, at stated periods, spicy Indian puddings, smoking loaves of Boston brown bread, and famous dishes of pork and beans, crisped to delicious perfection. " The tables were covered with old-fashioned china, and the guests returned, under the rigid rule of the place, to the ante-silver-fork period, and had to content themselves with the two-tined steel. White sugar was religiously ignored, and modern improvements generally were at a discount. The idea was to live in the Past, and the Present was ignominiously banished. Many, before leaving the New England Kitchen, howsoever well satisfied with the new ways about us, were fain to conclude 'the old is better.' On the tables were bountiful supplies of toothsome viands pork and beans, apple-sauce, Boston brown bread, pitchers of cider, pumpkin, mince, and apple pies, doughnuts, and all the savory and delicate wealth of the New England larder. The guests were waited upon by damsels with curious names and quaint attire. A QUILTING PARTY. 197 Just such New England girls as spread the cloths and cut the loaves of a century ago were the neat-handed waitresses of the New England Kitchen of the Brooklyn and Long Island Fair. " The venerable knitters in the corner, with their starched caps, and snowy kerchiefs crossed over the bosoms of their stuff gowns, the huge iire-place with its mighty logs, the dresser with its rows of shining pewter, the ever-ready churn, the tall clock sedately ticking in the corner, the ridge-poles strung with dried apples, pumpkins, glittering red peppers, seed-bags, and ' yarbs' of healing virtues, the New England girls with their quaint costumes and un- couth speech all made up a wonderfully striking scene, which, once beheld, could not soon be forgotten." NEW ENGLAND KITCHEN: A QUILTING PARTY. Several entertainments were given in the Kitchen, illustrating the manners of the olderi time. "We were taught how our ancestors used to sing by the " Old Folks' Concerts ;' ; how they gladdened the threshold of the parson by the "Donation Visit;'' how pressing works were done in concert by the 198 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. " Quilting Party" and the " Apple Bee ;" and, finally, how they married and were given in marriage, by the "New England Wedding." In this last solemnity, Mr. and Mrs. Holmes, of Williamsburg, were united over again by the Eev. Jedediah Poundtext. The illusion was made complete by the gift of a frosted cake to the bride from the ladies of Knickerbocker Hall. The Drum Beat, a daily newspaper, at once advocating the claims of the cause and describing from day to day the passing incidents of the fair, and conducted by the Eev. R. S. Storrs, Jr., D. D., and Mr. Francis Williams, was published from February 22d to March 5th, with a supplementary number upon the llth. Its circulation was about six thousand copies, and it brought into the treasury the rotund sum of $3,050. The entire cost of the type- setting and printing was assumed and borne by Mr. S. B. Chittenden. On the evening of March 8thj not long before the hour of closing, the treasurer announced by bulletin that the contributions of Brooklyn and Long Island to the sanitary cause had reached the magnificent sum of $400,000. This was four times as much as had been hoped for, when Brooklyn expected to form merely a division of the Metropolitan Fair. It was proved that they could make brooms, and use them, too, as well in Brooklyn as in Cin- cinnati. Among the sales by auction, after the close of the fair, was that of the house and lot No. 540 Atlantic Street, the gift of Messrs. Scranton & Co. This property was mortgaged for $2,600, and all above this sum which it should bring was to be given to the cause. The first offer was $3,000, the bids running rapidly up to $3,650. At this point all contestants fell off but two. Here was the auctioneer's opportunity, and Mr. Sintzenich profited by it. Appealing to the pugnacious instincts of the two competitors in turn, and when one made a bid sympathizing with and stimulating the other, he squeezed out two hundred dollars more, and announced Mr. W. R. Tice the purchaser for the sum of $3,850. A calico ball was given, after the fair had closed, in Knickerbocker Hall. Many of the ladies were dressed in the plainest cotton fabrics, which were afterwards devoted to charitable uses. Two thousand dollars were realized from this source. The following is an abstract of the treasurer's report : Cash donations $208,523 36 Admissions 50,572 07 General sales main building 107, ft 15 31 " manufacturers' department 19,302 35 AN HONORABLE RECORD. 199 Department of Art, Relics, etc $10,502 08 Drum Beat Committee 3,051 06 Post Office " 830 55 Skating Pond 587 45 f Restaurant $12,772 24 Receipts at Knickerbocker Hall, < Confectionery 1,802 85 ( Soda Fountains 1,400 07 15,975 16 Receipts at New England Kitchen 4,845 19 Sales of buildings, furniture, and decorations 1,609 88 Sundry items 8 82 Cash contributions to the Employment Society for the manufacture of hospital goods 2,550 00 Value of hospital supplies and medical comforts contributed through the fair, from city and country, estimated at from $6,000 to $10,000, say 6,000 00 Total $431,973 28 Deduct expenses 29,029 54 Net $402,943 74 The following is a list of cash donations, which amounted, as above, to more than $200,000 : B. F. Delano (collections) $5,18463 Brooklyn Collegiate and Poly- Brooklyn Savings Bank 5,000 00 technic Institute $1,032 25 Union Ferry Co 5,000 00 George B. Archer 1,000 00 Thirteenth Regiment, N. G., Col. Horace B. Claflin 1,000 00 Woodward, proceeds of a Peter C. Cornell 1,000 00 Promenade Concert 4,011 00 Dime Savings Bank 1,000 00 Abiel A. Low 2,500 00 S. B. Chittenden 1,000 00 Sixth TVard Bounty Committee. 2,000 00 Thomas C. Durant 1,000 00 South Brooklyn Savings Institu- E. T. H. Gibson 1,000 00 tion 2,000 00 A. C. Hull, M. D., proceeds of Brooklyn City Railroad 1,925 68 dramatic entertainments at the St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Athenfeum 1,000 00 Flatbush 1,706 84 Thomas Hunt 1^000 00 Public Schools of Brooklyn 1,259 69 Seymour L. Husted 1,000 00 Scranton & Co 1,250 00 Josiah O. Low 1,000 00 Town of Hempstead, by Jno. E. H. R. Lyman 1,000 00 Harold, Miss Hendricks, and John D. McKenzie 1,000 00 C. W. Rogers 1,244 77 Theo. Polhemus, Jr 1,000 00 Proceeds of fair at Sag Harbor, Enos Richardson 1,000 00 by Josiah Douglass, Treasurer 1,200 00 Henry Sheldon 1,000 00 Public School Exhibition, W. D., South Second St. M. E. Church. 1,000 00 at Academy of Music 1,173 90 George S. Stephenson 1,000 00 Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Village of Newtown, by C. H. Church, by Mrs. E. A. Lam- Victor 958 94 bert 1,16857 Packer Institute, Senior Class Village of South Hampton, by Entertainment 941 88 Col. B. H. Foster 1,051 25 Philharmonic Society 918 00 200 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Town of Bridgehampton, by Hon. H. P. Hedges $936 94 I. Van Anden 763 25 A. Henly 750 00 Town of Flatbush, by J. Lefferts 718 25 Roman Catholic churches of Brooklyn, by Mrs. Dr. Cullen 688 92 Burnham's Gymnasium Exhibi- tion 088 45 Village of Huntington, by Win. Nicoll 662 27 Bulkeley Brothers 660 00 Plymouth Sabbath-School 630 00 Oratorio of Moses in Egypt, given in the South Ninth St. Congregational Church, under the direction of Philip A. Meyer 014 51 Church of St. Peter and Paul, Rev. S. Malone 603 00 Aaron Claflin 600 00 C. S. Parsons & Sons fiOO 00 C. & R. Poillon 600 00 J. O. Whitehouse 600 00 Metropolitan Police Force of Brooklyn 576 .32 Village of Patchogue, by lion. J. S. Havens 559 54 Public School No. 15, Primary Department Entertainment. .. 557 00 Brooklyn Daily Times 543 50 H. Cocks 534 85 Mrs. II. L. Packer, entertainment 522 45 Town of Jamaica, by Mrs. W. I. Cogswell 518 53 II. N. Conklin, Son & Beers 515 00 Mrs. Jane S. Torrey, proceeds of musical entertainment 503 00 , Coe Adams 500 00 A. Baylis 500 00 Charles S. Baylis 500 00 S. M. Beard 500 00 August Belmont 500 00 Arthur W. Benson 500 00 C. J. Bergen 500 00 Charles Bill 500 00 Board of Brokers, New York . . 500 00 Thomas Brooks & Co 500 00 R. P. Buck 500 00 John Bullard, Jr 500 00 Samuel B. Caldwell 500 00 Charles Christmas. . 50000 Estate of F. B. Cole $500 00 Collins, Plummer & Co 500 00 E. W. Corlies 500 00 Edward Dodge 500 00 James W. Elwell 500 00 Farmington School, by Edward S. Sandford 500 00 John W. Frothingham 500 00 Rufus R. Graves 500 00 Sidney Green 500 00 S. Emerson Howard 500 00 Elias Howe, Jr 500 00 Hon. James Humphrey 500 00 W. W. Huse 500 00 A. Jewett 500 00 Journeay & Burnham 500 00 Henry A. Kent 50000 Nehemiah Knight 500 00 Lowber, Ostrom & Co 500 00 R. II. Manning 500 00 John T. Martin 500 00 Samuel McLean 500 00 Edward B. Mead 500 00 James Myers & Co 500 00 J. B. Norris 500 00 James H. Prentice 500 00 Joseph Ripley 500 00 Amos Robbins 500 00 J S. Rockwell 500 00 II. J. Ropes 500 00 R. W. Ropes 500 00 Ripley Ropes 500 00 Henry D. Sanger 500 00 Sawyer, Wallace & Co 500 00 H. K. Sheldon 500 00 Ambrose Snow 500 00 Charles Storrs 500 00 Hon. J. S. T. Stranahan 500 00 J. R. Taylor 500 00 Geo. W. Valentine, Brewster & Bergen 500 00 J. J. Van Nostrand 500 00 Hon. William Wall 500 00 J. P. Wallace 500 00 Hosea Webster 500 00 I. B. Wellington 500 00 Alex. M. White 500 00 Wm. Augustus White 500 00 James C. Wilson 500 00 J. W. Mason 450 00 Mrs. S. B. Chittenden, proceeds of an entertainment. . 409 00 BROOKLYN FINANCES. 201 Mrs. A. S. Barnes, proceeds of an entertainment $400 00 Forty-seventh Regiment, by Col. Meserole 400 00 First Baptist Church, E. D., Rev. Dr. Baker 376 59 Wm. Arthur (collections) 355 30 0. H. Rogers i 350 00 South Presbyterian Church 346 00 Congregation Beth Elohim 332 00 Sands Street M. E. Church 332 00 D. S. Hines (collections) 321 20 Mrs. Peter Rice 318 00 Brooklyn Gaslight Co 300 00 Mrs. Maria Gary 300 00 James How, Jr., proceeds of model of Ocean Express 300 00 South Brooklyn Engine and Boiler Works, Daniel McLeod, proprietor and workmen $254 00 D. S Arnold 250 00 William Beard 250 00 R. S. Benedict 250 00 Benjamin Blossom 250 00 C. W. Blossom 250 00 Thomas T. Buckley 250 00 J. S. Burgess 250 00 Seymour Burrell 250 00 C. B. Camp 250 00 Benjamin Carver 250 00 George S. Carey 250 00 Columbian Insurance Co 250 00 William Cooper 250 00 John Davol . . 250 00 WAX FLOWERS AT THE BROOKLYN FAIR. John McCracken 300 00 J. J Merian 300 00 F. Sherwood, sundry collections 300 00 Mrs. C. Coles, proceeds of tab- leaux, E. D 300 00 Second Presbyterian Church . . . 297 00 Village of Flatlands, by R. Ma- gaw and Rev. Mr. Doolittle. . 286 17 Public School Examination, E. D.. 265 24 Village of Glen Cove, by Miss E. N. Valentine 263 45 Nicholas Luqueer, Jr., Soirees Musicales by self and friends 261 00 Edwin Atkins 250 00 Joshua Atkins.. 250 00 Abel Denison George F. Duckwitz A. M. Earle Smith J. Eastman James D. Fish, President Amasa S. Foster W. A. Fowler S. F. Goodridge W. D. Gookin Erastus Graves Griffith, Prentiss & McComb. Andrew Harman & Sons Haslehurst & Smith Francis Hathaway L. P. Hawes W. S. Herriman 202 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. George L. Heuser $250 00 Charles E. Hill 250 00 J. K. Hutchinson 250 00 Samuel Hutchinson 250 00 K E. James 250 00 Frederick Lacey 250 00 W. C. Langley & Co 25000 J. B. Leggett & Co 250 00 E. B. Litchfleld 250 00 Lord & Taylor 250 00 Franklin H. Lummus 250 00 W. H. Lyon 250 00 H. W. T. Mali 250 00 Charles E. Marvin 250 00 C. A. Meigs & Son 250 00 James L. Morgan 250 00 L. P. Morton & Co 250 00 Mutual Life Insurance Co., N. Y. 250 00 J. M. Nichols 250 00 Curtis Noble 250 00 James S. Noyes 250 00 Eugene O'Sullivan 250 00 E. A. Packer 250 00 George Pearce & Co 250 00 R. B. Perry 250 00 E. B. Place 250 00 H. G. Reeve 250 00 Daniel C. Robbing 250 00 H. W. Sage 250 00 H. B. Scholes 250 00 Shethar & Nichols 250 00 Hon. Samuel Sloan 250 00 Hon. Samuel Smith 250 00 Sturges, Bennet & Co 250 00 W. H. Swan 250 00 Tefft, Griswold & Kellogg 250 00 Robert Thallon 250 00 Alanson Trask 250 00 Samuel W. Truslow 250 00 S. Van Benschoten 250 00 C. F. Van Blankenstein 250 00 R. Van Wyck 250 00 Vernon Brothers & Co 250 00 Charles H. Vietor 250 00 Frederick W. Vietor 250 00 Theodore Vietor 250 00 William Wall, Jr., 250 00 White & Douglass 250 00 Village of Sayville, by Charles Gillette 244 00 Town of Smithtown, by John Lawrence Smith . 241 85 Citizens of U. S. in Berlin, by A. C. Woodruff $241 00 R. M. Hooley, proceeds of two benefits 238 00 Westminster Church 230 00 Germania Society 225 00 Cuthbert & Cunningham 225 00 James H. Hart & Co 22400 Village of Rockaway, by Rev. R. T. Pearson 220 05 Town of Quogue, by J. F. Foster 210 75 Grace Church 206 05 Village of Flushing, by Miss A. L. Jones and B. W. Downing 204 86 Abram Inslee 204 16 Women of Village of Oyster Bay, by E. S. Fairchild 202 00 D. H. Conkling 200 00 F. Skinner & Co 200 00 Low, Harriman, Durfee & Co . . 200 00 N. F. Miller 200 00 Garner & Co 20000 F. Butterfield & Co 200 00 Horton & Sons 200 00 W. C. Sheldon 200 00 Brumley & Kellogg 200 00 G. M. Richardson & Co 200 00 R. W. Adams 200 00 Henry W. Banks 200 00 P. T. Barnuin 200 00 Bentley & Burton 200 00 H. D. Brookman 200 00 C. B. Caldwell 200 00 S. W. Carey 200 00 Carter, Stewart & Co 200 00 Central Presbyterian Church, by Mr. Bryer 200 00 Church of St. Charles Borromeo, Rev. Dr. Pease 200 00 Dutcher & Ellery 200 00 Henry Elliott 200 00 James D. Fish 200 00 Hoyt, Sprague & Co 200 00 Isaac Hyde, Jr 200 00 Eliza W. Lynde 200 00 M. T. Lynde 200 00 Manhattan Life Insurance Co., N. Y 200 00 David Moffat 200 00 F. D. Moulton 200 00 N. E. Mutual Life Insurance Co. 200 00 New York Life Insurance Co. . . 200 00 APPLES AND DOLLARS. 203 S. S. Osborne $200 00 William S. Tisdale $200 00 Packard & James Parker, Brooks & Co. . Ariel Patterson Pearce & Brush Post, Smith & Co G. M. Richmond & Co. George C. Robinson . . J. P. Robinson Theodore Rogers 200 00 James L. Truslow 200 00 200 00 "Watson & Pettinger 200 00 200 00 J. T. Whitehouse 200 00 2CO 00 Franklin Woodruff 200 00 200 00 Village of Greenpoint, by Mrs. 200 00 Close and Miss S. Heath 188 45 200 00 Village of Mattituck, by John 200 00 Shirley 179 25 200 00 Capitoline Association 175 00 Thomas F. Rowland . . Sage & Co Sheffield & Co Smith & Jewell John Sneden J. C. Southwick Nathan Southwick... J. B. Spelman & Sons. Augustus Storrs Sutton, Smith & Co . . Miss E. Thurston.. NEW ENGLAND KITCHEN". APPLE PARING. 200 00 Mrs. Dunn's school for young 200 00 ladies 175 00 200 00 J. B. Ilutchinson, proceeds of 200 00 musical soiree 175 00 200 00 Mrs. James H. Prentice 175 00 200 00 Village of New Lots, by Rev. J. 200 00 M. Van Beuren 174 50 200 00 Mrs. H. C. Osborn, pupils of her 200 00 Seminary 170 85 200 00 Town of East Hampton, by J. 20000 Madison Hnntting. .. 17049 204 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Town of Greenport, by Eev. C. Backman $170 00 Little Girls' Fair, by Mr. F. Hodges 170 00 Edward Dodge, entertainment by J. Wilson and friends 164 79 Mrs. J. H. Frost 158 00 0. F. Blake 157 81 Ladies' Union Association of Hempstead 155 00 D. B. Dearborn 155 00 Masury & Whiton 155 00 Village of Islip, by Rev. Alvan Nash 152 00 J. S. Bagley 150 00 Brittan Brothers 150 00 B. E. Clark 150 00 Member of Christ Church, E. D., by Rev. A. II. Partridge 150 00 George Dickinson 150 00 James Douglass 150 00 Jonathan Earle 150 00 Hermann Koop 150 00 W. Lang, Bailey & Co 150 00 Mrs. A. Crittenden 149 58 Washington Avenue Baptist Church 143 50 Brooklyn Heights Seminary, Prof. C. E. West 140 00 Mrs. Sparkman and Mrs. Morelle 137 63 J. D. Clark, pupils of his school 126 00 Norman Hubbard 126 00 Village of Babylon, by Martin Willets 125 00 Samuel Engle 125 00 James L. Ilathaway 125 00 George S. Puffin 12500 South Brooklyn Female Semi- nary entertainment 125 00 W. M. Steele & Co 125 00 Bethel Mission Sunday School, 42 and 44 Fulton Street 123 91 Ericsson Aid Society, by Mrs. A. B. Lowber 120 00 George J. Vining 120 00 Gravesend Neck, by S. Gerret- sen 118 00 John Shuster 1 17 00 Village of Farmingdale, by Chas. S. Powell 115 00 D. S. Waring 115 00 Brooklyn Daily Union 11128 Entertainment by Lizzie C. Corn- stock, Grace A. and Nellie A. Bowen $111 00 Third Presbyterian Church, by Mrs. Badeau 110 00 Village of Brookville, by Rev. Jeremiah Searle 108 00 Soldiers' Aid Society of Queens 107 25 A. Oatman 105 00 B. Stevens 105 00 Village of Cypress, by Win. A. Walker 104 10 Presbyterian Church, Wallabout, Rev. Dr. Greenleaf 100 10 Anthony & Hall '. . 100 00 Woodward, Lawrence & Co 100 00 Dummock & Moore 100 00 Hunt, Tillinghast & Co 100 00 Sprague, Cooper & Colburn ... 100 00 Rice, Chase & Co 100 00 F. Newman 100 00 Carhart, Bacon, Greene & Co. . 100 00 Pastor, Hardt & Lindgens 100 00 Slade & Colby 100 00 Ezra M. Frost 100 00 Howell & King 100 00 Becar & Co 100 00 Wm. Lottimer & Co 100 00 Wm. B. Leonard 100 00 B. H. Hutton 100 00 Chapman & Co 100 00 E. M. Lord 100 00 Bowers, Beeckman & Bradford, Jr 100 00 Arnold, Constable & Co 100 00 E. S. Jaffray & Co . 100 00 Furman Hunt 100 00 Walter Lockwood 100 00 George Mygatt 100 00 Thomas & Co 100 00 Chas. Welling & Co 100 00 Stanfield, Went worth & Co 100 00 Wicks, Smith & Co 100 00 Wm. Brand & Co 100 00 W. H. Lee & Co 100 00 E. E. Eames 100 00 Henry Stone 100 00 Knower & Platt 100 00 J. & H. Auchincloss 100 00 Joseph H. Adams & Coombs. . . 100 00 Carlos Bardwell 100 00 D. S. Barnes.. 100 00 DOLLARS IN HUNDREDS. 205 Henry W. Barstow John C. Beatty Robert W. Beatty Henry G. Bell. Benner & Brown James B. Blossom Josiah B. Blossom John Blunt John B. Bogart Breithaupt & Wilson Broadway Eailroad Co Brooklyn Athenaeum and Read- ing-Room Mrs. George W. Brown Joseph B. Brush Charles J. Bulkley T. P. Bucklin, Jr T. B. Bunting & Co James Burt Caesar & Pauli Ewald Caron J. S. Case S. T. Caswell Central Bank Chapman & Co Pickering Clark Geo. A. Clark & Brother Clark, Clapp & Co Robert Colgate & Co George Collins Connecticut Mutual Life Insu- rance Co., Hartford Charles W. Cooper Cross & Austin Henry Davis H. II. Dickinson Benjamin Dietz Margaret Dimon Dodge & Olcott D. K. Ducker E. W. Dunham Charles Easton C. F. Elwell Entertainment by Sarah E. Con- nor and A. C. Smith Frederick C. Farley Thomas Faye Wm. Finney Flagg, Baldwin & Co John R. Ford TV. C. Fowler Fowler & TVard . . 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 James H. Frothiugham Isaac Gerry J. M. Goetchius A. F. Goodnow Charles Goodwin TVerner Graeve H. W. Gray Greenpoint Sugar House James M. Griggs Guardian Life Insurance Co . . John Harold C. F. A. Heinrichs Nathaniel Hillyer Frank Hinchman J. H. Holcomb Holmes, Booth & Haydens. . . George T. Hope B. H. Howell George Howes J. Freeman Hunt W. B. Hunter F. W. Hurd, M. D David H. James W. H. Jenkins A. G. Jerome Dwight Johnson Johnson & Spader Frederick TV. Kalbfleisch .... Samuel T. Keese Charles Kelsey A. E. Kent & Co M. S. Kerrigan Godfrey H. Koop Thomas TV. Ladd F. A. Lane H. G. Lapharn O. K. Lapham TVm. Layton Lee, Bliss & Co TV. B. Leonard S. Livingston Loeschigk, TVesendonck & Co. C. J. Lowrey TV. D. Mangam Martin & Ritchie Edward McClellan Alexander McCollum Charles McDougall Thomas D. Middleton Miller & Co S. Milliken, Jr Wm. Wickham Mills . . $100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 206 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. C. S. Mitchell, M. D. $100 00 Muller & Kruger 100 00 W. M. Newell 100 00 Franklin Newman 100 00 George L. Nichols 100 00 Thomas H. Norris 100 00 Augustus Nottebohm 100 00 David O'Neill 100 00 Paton& Co 100 -0.0 George L. Paye & Co 100 00 George P. Payson 100 00 Pierrepont St. Baptist Church. . 100 00 Port Jefferson, by Eev. L. Stew- ard 100 00 Purdue & Ward 18000 Alex. P. Purves , 100 00 Railroad Directors, by II. A. Kent Rice, Chase & Co Henry C. Richardson Geo. W. Robbins Roche Brothers & Coffey Thomas Rowe R. W. Russell John Scrymser Michael Snow George G. Spencer State Mutual Life Insurance Co. of Worcester 100 00 Edward II. Stephenson 100 00 Stony Brook, by Col. W. S. Wil- liamson 100 00 Total cash contributions $208,523 3(i Besides the sums mentioned in the foregoing list as having been given by churches, the various congregations of Brooklyn and Long Island made dona- tions of goods, which, when turned into money, represented some $60,000 more. Well may Brooklyn be called the City of Churches. The day that saw the opening of the Brooklyn and Long Island Fair witnessed, also, the opening of the Albany Bazaar; the East River at its mouth, and the North River at its source, alike spent the memorable anni- versary in works of inauguration. Like the Brooklynites, the Albanians had begun weeks before. A circular had been issued early in January, in which stern fact was gracefully mingled with stimulating appeal: " The more supplies, the more the cost of properly and economically distributing them. We must maintain our machinery, or the meal that comes to our mill will never be converted into bread for the soldier.'' Strasburger & Nuhn $100 00 Alexander Stud well 100 00 Thomas Sullivan 100 00 C. C. & II. M. Taber 100 00 C. B. Tatham 100 00 Wra. Taylor & Sons 100 00 Thomas & Benham 100 00 Thomas & Co 100 00 H. Thomas /-i. 5. Fantaisie forPiaixxn lhen:es from " Jemsalem"' CV; ^ - -J'fiHI SFff Quigley Brothers 250 00 MRtf^Sf/S John Alstyne 250 00 jl Nyy James M. Drake & Co 250 00 JBNNMr i * ^^Bs^l T. Ketcham & Co 250 00 Bp^ yl fr^aBI Oddie, St. George & Co 250 00 i ^SHk Fitzhugh & Jenkins 250 00 *o| Boonen Graves & Co 250 00 """"nil |Hlr~ij David Dudley Field 200 00 S ! 1, ^ V^c David Crawford, Jr 200 00 Martin & Smith 150 00 W. B. Astor $2,000 00 Percy R. Pyne . . 100 00 Lockwood & Co 1,500 00 Wm. H. Scott 100 00 George S. Robbins & Son . . 1.000 00 Warren Ferris 100 00 Duncan, Sherman & Co. . . . 1,000 00 A. M. Ferris 100 00 Babcock, Brothers & Co. . . 1,000 00 Edward B. Ketchum 100 00 Williams & Guion 1,000 00 C. J. Cambreleng 100 00 Johnson & Lazarus . . 1,000 00 William Seymour Jr. 100 00 August Belmont 500 00 Garesche, Minton & Co 100 00 Van Schaick & Massett .... 500 00 Geo. A. Osgood 100 00 Cammann & Co 500 00 W B Clerke 100 00 Vermilve & Co 500 00 Geo. Manley & Co. 100 00 William & John O'Brien. . . 500 00 L. T Hoyt 100 00 David Groesbeck 500 00 S B James 100 00 H. T. Morgan 500 00 N G Bradford. 100 00 Morse & Co 500 00 J. F. D. Lanier 100 00 Fearing & Dalton 500 00 Prime & Co 100 00 Hallgarten & Herzfeld 500 00 R. Schell 100 00 Edmund II. Miller 500 00 H. M. Benedict 100 00 Fisk & Hatch 500 00 A. G. Wood 100 00 Henry A. Stone 500 00 O'Brien Brothers 100 00 Drexel, Winthrop & Co. . . . 500 00 P. M. Myers & Co 100 00 Howell L Williams 500 00 G. T. Bonner & Co 100 00 W R Travers 400 00 J. N. Perkins & Co 100 00 Weston, De Billier & Co. 300 00 H. Meigs, Jr 100 00 Geo. C. Ward . 300 00 John Bloodgood 100 00 0. D. Ashley 300 00 Almon W. Griswold 250 00 Bank*, Ballin & Sander 250 00 Metropolitan Bank . . . $2,000 00 Thomas Denny & Co. 250 00 Bank of New York. . . . . ... 1,500 00 R. L. Cutting & Co.. . 250 00 Bank of America. . 1,500 00 234 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Merchants' Bank $1,500 00 Bank of the Republic 1,000 00 Manhattan Bank 1,000 00 Bank of the State of New York 1,000 00 Phoenix Bank 1,000 00 Mechanics' Bank 1,000 00 Continental Bank 1,000 00 Park Bank 1,000 00 Broadway Bank 1,000 00 Corn Exchange Bank 1,000 00 Union Bank 750 00 Mercantile Bank 750 00 National Bank 750 00 Importers & Traders' Bank 750 00 Shoe & Leather Bank 750 00 Chemical Bank 500 00 Commonwealth Bank 500 00 Bank of North America 500 00 Pacific Bank 500 00 Tradesmen's Bank 500 00 Butchers & Drovers' Bank 500 00 First National Bank 300 00 British & American Exchange Banking Corporation 250 00 Mercantile & Exchange Bank. . 250 00 Greenwich Bank 250 00 New York Exchange Bank 250 00 Merchants' Exchange Bank 250 00 Ocean Bank 250 00 Nassau Bank 250 00 Hanover Bank 250 00 Chatham Bank 250 00 Market Bank 250 00 Manufacturers & Merchants' Bank 250 00 Marine Bank 250 00 Mechanics' Banking Association 250 00 Second National Bank 200 00 People's Bank 200 00 Citizens' Bank 200 00 Mechanics' & Traders' Bank. . . 200 00 North Paver Bank 200 00 Irving Bank 200 00 Seventh Ward Bank 200 00 Atlantic Bank 150 00 Oriental Bank 150 00 New York County Bank 125 00 Bull's Head Bank 125 00 Insurance Companies. Home Insurance Co $700 00 Lorillard Insurance Co... 500 00 Continental Insurance Co $500 00 North American Insurance Co. . 500 00 Corn Exchange Insurance Co. . . 400 00 Metropolitan Insurance Co 300 00 Knickerbocker Fire Ins. Co. . . . 300 00 Citizens' Fire Insurance Co 300 00 Manhattan Fire Insurance Co. . . 250 00 United States Fire Ins. Co 250 00 Park Fire Insurance Co 250 00 City Fire Insurance Co 250 00 American Fire Insurance Co. . . . 250 00 Howard Fire Insurance Co 250 00 Arctic Fire Insurance Co 250 00 Royal Fire Insurance Co 250 00 Commonwealth Fire Ins. Co 250 00 Etna (Hartford) Fire Ins. Co. . . 250 00 Liverpool & London Fire & Life Insurance Co 250 00 Hope Insurance Co 200 00 Columbia Insurance Co 200 00 Germania Insurance Co 200 00 Howard Insurance Co 200 00 Mercantile Insurance Co 200 00 New York Fire & Marine Insu- rance Co 200 00 Niagara Fire Insurance Co 200 00 Market Fire Insurance Co 200 00 Equitable Fire Insurance Co 200 00 Commercial Fire Insurance Co. 200 00 New World Fire Insurance Co. 200 00 Empire City Fire Insurance Co. 200 00 Relief Insurance Co 200 00 Fulton Insurance Co 200 00 Atlantic Insurance Co 150 00 St. Nicholas Insurance Co 150 00 Astor Insurance Co 150 00 People's Insurance Co 150 00 Lenox Insurance Co 150 00 Indemnity Fire Insurance Co.. . 150 00 Harmony Fire Insurance Co 150 00 Firemen's Fund Insurance Co. . . 150 00 Brevoort Insurance Co 150 00 New Amsterdam Insurance Co. 150 00 Gallatin Insurance Co 150 00 Central Park Insurance Co 150 00 Jefferson Insurance Co 100 00 Northwestern Insurance Co. ... 100 00 Tradesmen's Insurance Co 100 00 Yonkers & New York Ins. Co.. 100 00 Other subscriptions 140 00 Total.. . .$63,840 00 THE METROPOLITAN FAIR. 235 COMMITTEE OX HIDES AXD LEATHER. rf ] W. B. Isham & Gallup H. J. Brooks & Co 250 00 250 00 S. & C. H. Isham 250 00 Mahlon Mattison. . 200 00 Geo. Palen & Co 200 00 Van Wagenen & Tuttle . . 150 00 p Smith Elv, Jr 100 00 J. B. Mattison 100 00 Elijah T. Brown 100 00 Barnes & Merritt 100 00 Fawcett & Benedict 100 00 Israel Corse. $500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 Stout & Tuttle 100 00 W. Creighton Lee 100 00 Thomas W. Pearsall, Jr. . . . 100 00 Loring Andrews R. Stout & Son 100 00 Thorne, Watson & Butman .... Thomas Smull Hans Rees 100 00 F M. Maas & Co. 100 00 Hovt Brothers S Mendelson. . 100 00 Young, Schultz & Co. George Brooks . 100 00 Ambrose K. Ely Other subscriptions 420 00 Total . . $6,770 00 COMA) Eli White & Sons ITTEE OX HATS, $1,000 00 1,000 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 300 00 300 00 300 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 CAPS AXD FURS. L. J. & I. Phillips $177 50 C. Gunther & Sons. . W. Moser 100 00 M. Bates, Jr., & Co.. . Nichols, Burtnett & Co 100 00 Shethar & Nichols. . . J. C. Lord & Brother 100 00 Draper, Clark & Co. J. D. Phillips & Co 100 00 Murphv & Griswold Osborne & May 100 00 Edward J. King Duryee & Jaques 100 CO H. Schlesinger D. S. Williams 100 00 J. M. Oppenheim & Co. Pierre Chouteau 100 00 A. T. Finn & Co Boyden, Ditmars & Co 100 00 H. A. Hurlbut M. B. Fielding & Co 100 00 E. Kaupe & Cummings McCabe, Clark & Co.. 100 00 . . 1,015 00 Thompson, White & Co Other subscriptions John H. Swift Sale of goods contributed . . . . 1,987 85 J W Lester & Co Total . . $10,930 35 COMMITTEE OX JEWELRY, &C. A. Morton $1,000 00 Randel & Baremore 300 00 W. D. Maxwell 250 00 G. & S. Owen & Co 100 00 S. W. Chamberlain . 100 00 Joseph Rudd & Co $100 00 Middleton & Pooler 10000 Other subscriptions 644 00 Sales of articles contributed 17,300 50 Total $19,900 56 236 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. COMMITTEE ON HARDWARE. J. B. & W. W. Cornell & Co. ... Holmes, Booth & Haydens Hermann Boker & Co U. A. Murdock Dehon, Clark & Bridges Wetmore & Co J. & L. Tuckerman J. H. Abeel & Co Egleston, Battell & Co Russell & Irwin Manfg. Co Chas. Bliven Sargent & Co Walsh, Coulter & Co Phelps, Dodge & Co Fuller, Lord & Co L. P. Hawes Hull Clark W. W. Goddard R. Smith Clark C. Vandervoort Dickinson, Reed & Co John V. Beam, Jr August W. Payne Wm. Jessop & Sons Smith & Hegeman T. B. Coddington & Co W. Oothout Pierson & Co P. Cooper Bruce & Cook. . 1,000 00 A. A. Thomson & Co $200 00 500 00 J. D. Locke 200 00 500 00 E. Sherman 200 00 500 00 Goodwin & Cort 200 00 500 00 W. & S. Butcher 200 00 500 00 John W. Quincy 200 00 50000 A. S. Hewitt 15000 500 00 Coffin, Lee & Co 150 00 500 00 C. E. Griswold & Co 150 00 50000 Elisha Mills 10000 50000 T. Otis Le Roy & Co 10000 500 00 R. W. Booth 100 00 500 00 J. C. Hobson 100 00 500 00 W. K Seymour & Co 100 00 500 00 New York Lead Company 100 00 45000 Kendall & Warner 10000 300 00 W. Bailey Lang & Co 100 00 300 00 Borden & Lovell 100 00 250 00 Pettee, Wilson & Co 100 00 250 00 Bradley & Smith 100 00 250 00 Wilson, Hawksworth, Ellison 250 00 & Co 100 00 250 00 Lalance & Grosjean 100 00 250 00 K E. James 100 00 25000 Geo. W. Robins 10000 250 00 John B. Peck 100 00 250 00 John E. Byrne 100 00 250 00 Ingoldsby, Halsted & Co 100 00 250 00 Other subscriptions 1,455 00 200 00 Sales of goods contributed 6,483 88 Total $23,388 COMMITTEE ON MILLINERY. Andrews, Giles, Sanford & Co $500 00 Martin & Lawson B. F. Beekman Forman, Tibbals & Hubbard . Charles Mills , John Rogers C. T. Aldrich Plummer & Michel Marshall, Johnson & Co.. . . . Washington & Smith ...... Lawson Brothers & Day. . . . Terry & Patterson Other subscriptions.. 500 00 300 00 250 00 250 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 t 100 oo T 480 00 Sales of goods contributed 1,225 80 Total $4,205 80 THE METROPOLITAN FAIR. 237 COMMITTEE OX GROCERS. Sturges, Bennet & Co John C. Green Howland & Aspinwall Grinnell, Minturn & Co Weston & Gray E. D. Morgan & Co N. L. & G. Griswold Moses Taylor & Co D. & A. Kingsland, Sutton & Co. Francis Skiddy Sheppard Gandy John Caswell New York Steam Sugar Ref. Co. W. H. Fogg J. C. Dayton Park & Seaman Penfold & Schuyler C. P. Fisher & Co Skeel & Reynolds C. Burkhalter & Co Benj. B. Sherman Oelrichs & Co Aymar & Co Heinemann & Payson Sturges & Co Wm. Moller Babcock & Co J. K. &E. B. Place Ezra Wheeler & Co Garbutt, Black & Hendricks. . . Carter & Hawley Watts, Crane & Co Dallett & Bliss J. W. Schmidt & Co Owen & Carnegie Ponvert & Co Kirkland & Von Sachs Burger, Hurlbut & Livingston. . Kent & Co Poirier & Co J. J. Crane Henry Yelverton P. V.King & Co John R. Bacon Chandler Robbins Sackett, Belcher & Co Total . . $2,500 00 Bass & Clark 2,500 00 Youngs & Co 1,500 00 Geo. G. Hobson 1,500 00 Wm. T. Frost 1,500 00 Geo. A. Fellows 1,500 00 Joseph Foulke's Sons 1,500 00 J. V. Onativia & Co 1,500 00 Bentley & Burton 1,00000 S. S. Wyckoff & Co 1,000 00 Jas. Hunter & Co 1,000 00 Arcularius, Bonnett & Co 1,000 00 Gill, Gillets & Noyes 1,000 00 Ross W. Wood & Son 1,000 00 Cotheal & Co 500 00 Camp, Brunsen & Sherry 500 00 Isaac Bell 500 00 S. W. Lewis 500 00 Z. S. Ely & Co 500 00 David Olyphant 500 00 Gross & March 500 00 Luis Barjau 500 00 Denton Smith & Co 50000 D. C. Ripley & Co 600 00 Dorrelle & Co 500 00 Burgess, Ockershausen & Co. . . 500 00 Burdett & Event 500 00 Me Andrew & Wann 500 00 F. T. Montell & Bartow 500 00 L. M. Hoffman's Son & Co 500 00 Beebe & Brother 50000 Pupke, Thurbur & Co 50000 Bodine & Co 500 00 Dater, Clark & Co 500 00 James Olwell & Co 500 00 H. K. Bull 50000 Gibson, Early & Co 500 00 Todd & Co 250 00 Theodore W. Todd 250 00 Wm. Vernon, Jr 250 00 Geo. W. Elder 250 00 John Wheelwright 250 00 Morewood & Co 250 00 Fausto Mora 250 00 Other contributions 250 00 Sale of goods contributed 250 00 $250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 1,193 00 7,168 43 $51,211 43 Gary & Co. . COMMITTEE ON SHIPS AND SHIPPING. $1,250 00 Charles H. Marshall. 238 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Spofford & Tileston $1,000 00 M. O. Roberts. 1,000 00 Fabbri & Chauncey 1,000 00 Alsop & Chauncey 1,000 00 Win. H. Webb 500 00 " u Workmen 534 10 " " 514 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 395 00 330 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 243 10 201 24 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 182 00 165 00 150 00 130 00 H. T. Livingston Harbeck & Co N. L. McCready W. A. Freeborn & Co.. . . . John D. Jones Samuel L. Mitchell William AVall's Sons M. K. Wilson Wm. Whitlock, Jr De Groot & Peck P. N. Spofford E. S. Hidden W. S. Whitlock Smith & Dimon Daniel D. Westervelt John Englis & Son C. & R. Poillon Roosevelt, Joyce & Co. . . . Aug. Whitlock & Co Ed. Mott Robinson Wm. K. Hinman J. T. Graham's collections John G. Gunther R. W. Cameron, boat .... F. G. Ogden Total . . Samuel Sneden, agent John Christie Thomas Stack J. B. & J. D. Van Duzen Ariel Patterson John A. McGaw C. Comstock & Co W. H. Webb, oakum J. T. B. Maxwell J. B. Webb Wm. Menzies R. P. Logan J. D. Brewster Hicks & Bell Daniel Barnes, Jr F. Church John S. Tappan Daniel Drake Smith Randolph M. Cooley Sutton & Co Nathaniel M. Terry Lewis Raymond Henry Steers Jas. R. Taylor Ezra Bucknam T. F. Rowland Capt. Wm. Edwards Other subscriptions, a large por- tion from workmen in ship- yards Sale of articles contributed. . . $100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 100 00 2,318 78 214 50 $20,177 72 COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE. R. P. Parrott $100 00 S. B. Althause 100 00 Moses Cummings 100 00 Michael Grosz 100 00 Benjamin N. Huntington, Rome, N. Y 100 00 Ogden & Co 50 00 W. H. Gedney 50 00 Other subscriptions 98 00 Sale of articles contributed 4,882 62 .Total $5,580 62 Hotels. Fifth Avenue Hotel. . , RESTAURANT DEPARTMENT. St. Nicholas Hotel $1,000 00 $1,000 00 Everett and Clarendon Hotels.. 500 00 THE METROPOLITAN FAIR. 239 Metropolitan Hotel. Albemarle Hotel. . . Maison Doree St. Denis Hotel Brevoort House . . . St. James Hotel . Provision Dealers. Halstead, Chamberlain & Co.. . Cape & Floyd Hayward & Sager W. & A. Stevens John M. Smith's Son A. & E. Bobbins .*. Cobb & Earle Knapp & Co $300 00 Spring & Jamison $100 00 200 00 Samuel Clark & Son 100 00 175 00 F. Link & Brother 100 00 150 00 Patterson & Co 100 00 10000 C. H. Meday 10000 100 00 Pray & Squire 100 00 A. & J. M. Moses 100 00 F. Bechstein & Brother 100 00 300 00 Cape, Culver & Co 100 00 200 00 Fink & Hencken 100 00 20000 G. V. Bartlett 10000 200 00 Wm. Barker & Co 100 00 200 00 Other subscriptions 7,182 56 20000 Sale of articles contributed 2,67660 150 00 100 00 Donations from the bakers 1,439 00 Total $17,573 16 COMMITTEE ON 1'T'RLIC CONVEYANCES. Hudson River R. R. Co New York & New Haven R. R. Company Delaware & Hudson Canal Co. . Employees of the Central Park, North & East River Railroad Company Greenpoint Ferry Co., one day's receipts Telegraph Line of Stages Troy Steamboat Co Albany Line of Steamers Employees of Knickerbocker Stage Co $5,000 00 2,000 00 500 00 290 00 218 30 126 50 120 00 104 00 26 00 Total $8,384 80 COMMITTEE ON SEWING MACHINES. Elias Howe, Jr $500 00 Sale of articles contributed $2,778 87 Employees, sixth floor of Singer's Sewing Machine Factory 24 75 Total $3,303 62 COMMITTEE ON WINES AND LIQUORS. Chamberlain, Phelps & Co $500 00 T. R. Minturn $100 00 Joseph Beecher & Co. . David Jones Smith & Brothers Samuel Milbank Matthew P. Reed. Beadleston $06,760 40 274 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. h 1- i- o GO ci oo t^ r- 1 T^I O i I O O C O CO !O JO C5OCOOlOCO-^iO 3 -* CO tO t ^H C O 1O i 1 1C O OO CO oo 10 o o doocococot- o "1 to oo i- o o t O O O 00 O C O 00 T)H CO tOOOOCOOiOOCO'* 1 * o oo ci >c Tf CO t C1 (M Oi t- t- t- O5 CO ; s - T^ O5 C t iO ?~~* ^H iO ^t* T-H CO i 1 CO I-H O OS CO CO SO CO CO i 1 (M 3 . i 8 8 V. e ' !'!!' g S C * 8 3 53 ! "2 ' '4s S - a? s : : : : : : -1 : : J '3 E " oo | J3~ ^ : ; fi *? J * ' ' : : : ^ : ' ^> .S . O rt OQ > Q} O i ^ o =3 ; of ZS -" : : : o : : % ^gi HH O "ij ^ > c3 ^* *"^ ^ -' 3 02 ft S T3 rt . . . ^ . . c3 : K ' 2 a; ~ ^j o ^ . . . ' ' | ' w cb I* : : ' ' :-. 8 * * *. * ^.^.* : : * : * : : : : : : ^. : : ^ Ss s s - ^ O H ctj % F. *: ^: 1 1 ^: ^ : ^ :.:.:.: j| :::: .M ' a O 1 : % : M I i . =3 ^ a : ^ :::::: -2 53 ^ ; B 2 fn a ! ^ : '. CO 49 ffi> S -73 cj S - 111 ! ! ""3 '. '. * ' "3* il c3 V 03 i C a S3 O ^ fi fi ^ 03 pt^ , " ; g "Hi ' & ^ ^ 01 frt g a "4 I J ; : 1 : 1 1 -s ! 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Martin, . . .William M. Muzzey, ' o-r 1 ^ i ^ tf C o c - ^= J 1 3 I ...Samuel R. Phillips, ' . . .William P. Cresson, * ft o 5 E W rf _ O s . .John Thornley, a t_ ^ rtf - * o ~ -r >> ^ c - 5 | w ft 1 1 1 J 1 ^. 1 1 m l ^ 1 K - ^ 4) eT 3 .3 J OB O cT ^ g" - c" ^ -- | o K ...Frederick Graff, tT 4> *J C i i Q d c -9 . . . C. A. Walborn, < . . .Franklin Pcale, ' ; n x w : a :::::: -/ > P S L" : ^' .

(J> jiroceries (retail) T n I'd w n rrt larness and Saddlery . . o > & ^^ 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 s oss^^SC Musical Entertainments, Newspaper (" Our Daily Orations and Lectures. . Paper Hangings Paper Manufactory and n L, Jf O t c ^5 o o S C 4> r. 1 Relics, Curiosities, and i o /~, O C ft C > O ft O ft e O ft o ooooooo o o 00^ p ft o ft 6 o ft 276 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. rH 10 "H o *# -f H O o o ff? 00 f> o O x^~ 0*1 c^ ^t^ ^A CO ,-1 T(H to Oi (M i^i Cl 00 CO Tt< I 1 I 1 Tf< ?O 1C ^* oo o CO 10 00 O) O5 t D o h ^3 %-i e t. a D o ~ O 3 ^3 a o > "35 O CO cj h O 1 B 5 h 2 IS &, o CO GO L< 4> OQ id a D t^ 4J '3 pa a H 1 > a I ^ Vom various ot t5 1 a o O Do. Do. Do. Do Do Do. Do. 43 * O> 4) P fe < O TUE NORTHERN IOWA FAIR. 277 From Eastern Pennsylvania to Northern Iowa is a march worthy of Sherman's army; when made, however, the traveller will find that though the sky may have changed, the avocations of those who dwell beneath it, have not. Here, as elsewhere, the cause of the army is dear to the hearts of the people. The idea of holding a Sanitary Fair in Dubuque first occurred, to a few citizens of that place, in January, 1864. The subject was laid before the Ladies' Soldiers' Aid Society, and a public meeting was called to consider the subject. The leaders in such matters, however, were at that time unwilling to undertake so arduous an enterprise, and the matter rested until March. Mrs. Livermore, of Chicago, happened at that date to be in Dubuque, and proposed to deliver an address, embodying her experience in sanitary matters and philanthropic festivals. The address was made before an audience of Dubuque's best and fairest. Instead of taking a vote, they now took a contribution, as the simplest method of arriving at the sense of a meeting held in view of pecuniary ends. The plates told the story : $858 in money, and $250 in promises of goods. A fair organization was immediately decided upon, and a committee of sixteen was charged with the duty of selecting the omcers. This was done on the 12th of March, the choice falling upon the following ladies and gentlemen : President, H. A. WILTSE. Vice- Presidents, F. E. BISSELL, MRS. TIMOTHY DAVIS, MRS. P. H. CONGER. Secretaries, AUSTIN ADAMS, MRS. J. M. ROBISOX, DARIUS K. CORN WELL, MRS. J. CLEMENT, MRS. D. N. COOLEY. Treasurer, GEORGE L. MATTHEWS. Execu five Comm ittee, H. A. WILTSE, MRS. D. S. CUMINGS, O. P. SIIIRAS, MRS. H. MARKELL, MRS. S. M. LANGWORTHY, MRS. H. L. STOUT, MRS. D. N. COOLEY, MRS. C. H. BOOTH, MRS. J. CLEMENT, MRS. WM. VANDEVEH. The president of each co-operating county in the state was made a vice- president, thirty-two such omcers serving for Iowa counties, one for Iowa Good Templars, and one for Madison, "Wisconsin. 278 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. The Northern Iowa Sanitaiy Fair was held in the City Hall, a fine build- ing of three stories and a basement It opened on the 21st of June, without ceremonial. The basement served as a store-room ; the first floor, which was unpartitioned throughout its length of one hundred and fifty feet, was occu- pied by booths upon each side, with a passage-way of twenty-five feet between. The second floor, being divided into rooms, furnished accommoda- tions for the library and floral department, and apartments for unpacking and appraising, and for official transactions. On the third floor, which was undi- vided, were the curiosities, battle relics, and children's amusements. The restaurant was established in Turner Hall, an adjoining building ; in another communicating structure were hardware, agricultural implements, household furniture, and machinery. Turner Hall offered, too, a site for the presentation of pantomimes and tableaux, while the Julien Theatre was the scene of amateur theatri- cals, lectures, and concerts. The Iowa Fair prides itself on the fact that u no article on sale had ever been ex- hibited at any other fair. Many of the fairs held at about the same time as ours became the residuary legatees of the Metropolitan and other fairs, but ours had no share in these inheritances." So much the more glory for Iowa. Such was the lavish generosity of the people of the state, and so large was the proportion of goods contributed ready for hospital use, that $25,000 worth were sent to the army even before the fair was opened. This was practical work in good earnest ; instead cf contributing wares from the sale of which money might be obtained with which to purchase stores and clothing fully one third being absorbed by the dealers' profit they contributed the stores and clothing at first cost The refreshment department furnished another proof of the hearty good-will of the people, though with a less happy result The supply of provisions, cooked and uncooked, was so profuse, that a por- tion was sold, as it could not be eaten, and another portion was spoiled before it could be either eaten or sold. There have been few fairs without their original ideas ; and a method of augmenting the returns by offers of awards seems to have begun, and, for that matter, ended, in Dubuque. The Key City Mills Company promised a premium of $30 to the best four barrels of winter wheat flour, and another of BASITARY REAPER. VOTE YOUR REGIMENT A FLAG. 79 $40 to the largest donation of flour. The Brick City Mills, of Clermont, won the first, and the Waverley Mills, of Beaver County, with twenty-one barrels, the second. The premiums went with the barrels, of course. The Wheeler & Wilson Manufacturing Company promised a $115 sewing machine to the maker of the best gentleman's shirt, an $85 machine to the second best, and a $65 machine to the third best. These sprightly household engines were won respectively by Mrs. Coder and Pettibone, of Iowa, and Mrs. Millard, of Wis- consin. Mrs. Williams, of Shellrock, carried off the prize of $35, offered by Luther & Edgar Tisdale, of Dubuque, for the best three-gallon crock of butter; and Mrs. Fitch, of Nautells, the prize of $15 for the second best three-gallon crock. There are many residents in Atlantic cities who will be glad to learn that there is such a thing as good butter, though it is no nearer than Iowa. Mr. A. H. Suplee, of New York, had promised an elliptic sewing and braiding machine to him who should supply the largest amount of hospital clothing. James K. Smith, of Hudson, furnished the clothing, won the machine, gave it to the fair, and saw it sold. Messrs. Wilcox & Gribbs, of New York, offered a $55 sewing machine to the maker of the five best hospital shirts. Mrs. Schroeder, of Illinois, took them at their word, made the best shirts, won the machine, and gave it to the fair. The managers of the fair offered two prizes : First, an American flag, twelve by twenty feet, to the county making the largest contribution, Dubuque County being naturally excluded. This was won by Clayton County, with $1,900. Second, a similar flag to the county making the largest contribution in proportion to wealth, Dubuque being permitted to compete. Kossuth County won, with $388. Mr. James E. Sebring, of New York, offered a twelve by twenty American flag to the county making the largest contribution in proportion to wealth, Dubuque being again excluded. Mitchell county won, with $525. The great instrumentality of the vote was not to be overlooked in Iowa. Messrs. Parsons & Co., of St. Louis, presented an embroidered silk regimental flag to the fair, the visitors to decide to what Iowa regiment it should be given. Votes were half a dollar apiece, and six hundred and eighty were cast. The Ninth Iowa won. A clever joke might be perpetrated, in such a canvass, by a regiment at home on furlough. Eemembering the old party cry of " Vote yourself a farm," they might strive for regimental colors by the same process. But as this would stimulate opposition, and as opposition would beget half dollars, and as half dollars, when collected by twos, produce a harmonious 280 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. decimal result, no one could fairly object, and the winning regiment, when its furlough was over, could go back with flying colors. If the small number of visitors be taken into consideration, the Iowa Fair was the most successful ever given. Not four thousand persons attended it ; the receipts from the sale of tickets were not $2,500 ; and yet the gross yield was nearly $86,000. This was owing, in part, to the fact which has been mentioned, that a large proportion of the goods contributed were ready for hospital use, and could be forwarded at once to the front ; and in part to the fact that the thirty-two counties represented sent to the central treasury an unusual proportion of money the proceeds of local fairs, sub-sanitary festivals, tea-parties, the collections of village aid societies, &c., &c. Thus, Black Hawk County sent not only its quota of goods, but nearly a thousand dollars in money collections in Cedar Falls, the receipts of an Old Folks' Concert in Waterloo, and the returns of one day's income from "Wm. Ireland & Co. ; elsewhere they had had an ice-cream festival, at another place a calico tea-party, and farther south, a stage-coach concert. It was, literally, a people's A STAGE-COACH CONCERT IN IOWA. fair, and the citizens of the very heart and limits of the state had borne each their burden. It is proper to add that when the closing auction sales were over, the fair was still the owner of an embroidered chair, a gold watch, a house-lot, one hundred and twenty acres of land, and a bee-hive. The following is an abstract of the receipts of the Iowa Fair : Dubnque City $17,359 20 Dubuque County 587 75 THE DUBUQUE FAIR. 281 Black Hawk County $1,453 40 Clayton County 1,923 80 Jasper County 1,124 00 Jones County 1,017 65 All other counties 38,601 78 Good Templars 1,828 10 Boston, Mass 2,735 00 Chicago, 111 3,508 00 Hartford, Conn 325 00 Masons 272 70 Milwaukee 1,262 1 6 New York City 3,165 00 Entertainments 606 50 Refreshments 1,465 05 Regatta on Lake Peosta 13 50 Odd Fellows of Iowa 265 00 Sale of tickets 2,433 35 Vote upon the flag awarded to Ninth Iowa 340 00 Flour and wheat sold 403 70 Sales by auction 1,585 50 Major-General Curtis 50 00 Needle Pickets, Quincy 50 00 Col. Hawkins' lecture at Redwing, Minn 15 50 Iowa Association of Washington, D. C 330 00 Total $60,725 74 Stores not used, but sent direct to the army 25,000 00 $85,725 74 Deduct expenses , 9,230 90 Total net $76,494 84 The greater part of the cash proceeds, or $48,348, were sent to the Chicago Branch of the Sanitary Commission, a few hundred dollars being retained for the use of the Soldiers' Home in Dubuque. The contributions of Dubuque may be analyzed as follows : DUBUQUE CITY. Collection at Congregational R. Bonson $100 00 Church $858 00 Win. Westphal 100 00 Sale of piano given by the Cath- State Bank, Dubuque Branch . . 100 00 olic Society 71100 II. W. Sanford 10000 Sale of silver- ware given by the F. E. Bissell 100 00 Catholic Society 500 00 J. K. Graves 100 00 Collections of one day's income, J. T. Hancock 100 00 by Mrs. Booth & Miss Bissell. 1,071 70 Reid & Murdoch 100 00 Other collections of income 180 45 Babbage & Co 100 00 Sheffield & Scott 15000 Laflins, Smith & Co 9000 Key City Mills (premiums) 150 00 Girls' concert 89 95 282 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. $25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 $17,359 20 One excellent, and perhaps unexpected, result attended the Iowa Fair. The stipulation had been previously made that the funds raised by it be paid into the Chicago Branch of the Sanitary Commission, though the state had maintained an independent sanitary organization of its own. The interest excited throughout the northern half of the state by the fair, live months of incessant labor in its behalf, the attention thus drawn from the state associa- tion and fixed upon the national commission, served to alienate the people from the one, and attract them to, and identify them with, the other. This result, when attained, was looked upon by many lowans who had given their labors to the cause, as of greater value than even the $70,000 which was its more obvious and immediate object. " This result," writes Mr. Norris, in his report, " seems small when com- pared with the results of the New York or Philadelphia fairs ; but it must be recollected that our population is light, our country new, and our people generally poor. If real ability is taken into account, I am satisfied that our gift upon this holy altar will be justly regarded as greater than that of any other fair that has been held for the sanitary cause. As was well remarked by President Wiltse, in his opening address, ' No donations have been sanctified G. Becker $75 00 Stevens & Hooper W. P. Large 50 00 Brackett & Morse O. Chamberlain 50 00 C. P. Kinsley & Co II. Lowrey 50 00 George Crane E. A. & J. H. Lull 50 00 Dr. J. C-. Lay Glover & Smock. 50 00 A. Van Pelt& Co James Levi ... 50 00 John William Smith Hon. W. B. Allison 50 00 Asa Horr Mial Mason ... 50 00 Wm. A. Judd Key City Mills Co 50 00 W. H. Peabodv C. H. Merry 50 00 C. C. Gilman First National Bank, Dubuque. . 50 00 J. N. Waggoner Wm. L. Bradley 50 00 John Bell Major-Gen. Herron 50 00 P. C. Sampson, Jr B. B. Provoost 50 00 J. V. Rider A. Greenwald 50 00 Platt Smith II. L. Stout 50 00 Keller & Cornwell John Doud, Jr 50 00 J. B. Lane G. B. Hamilton 50 00 M. S. Robison W. H. Rumpf 50 00 Julien House John Jackson 50 00 James Burt H. Jackman 50 00 W. Becker Waller & Christman 50 00 J. Duncan . . C. H. Eighmey 50 00 C. J. Cumings. . . . C. Sadler 40 00 Sales and other receipts Total. . THE FAIR AT ST. PAUL. 283 by greater sacrifices than those made to our fair.' I have been surprised bj a great many facts connected with its history. Neighborhoods whose entire male population, almost, had gone to the war, and whose crops have to be raised and harvested by the females, have contributed largely to its fundJs. One farmer, who gave twenty dollars, told me that his three boys, all he had, were in the army, and that his wife would be compelled to drive his reaper in the harvest-field, and his daughters assist in binding his grain and in securing his harvest Kossuth County, two hundred miles in the interior, gave more than a dollar for every human being residing within its limits." But Iowa is not the extreme northwest: there is Minnesota, the fairest of the younger sisters, and late in November, 1864, the Executive Committee of the Minnesota Branch of the Sanitary Commission met in the governor's room, at St. Paul. They all declared themselves in favor of holding a Soldiers' Fair during the coming winter, in case the co-operation of the Ladies' Branch should be obtained. This having been promised, the fair was organ- ized by the appointment of the following officers : President, H. M. RICK. Secretary, J. D. BROWN. Vice- Pre&iden t, W. D. WASHBURXE. Treasurer, J. L. MERIAM. Executire Committee. H. M. RICE, S. MILLER, W. D. WASHBURXE, CHARLES SCHEFFER, JOHX A. PECKHAM, GEXTLEMEX. G. W. PRESCOTT, D. "W. IXGERSOI.L, J. L. MERIAM, J. D. BROWX, R. GOEDOX. MRS. CHAS. H. OAKES, " WM. J. SMITH, " J. M. WIXSLOW, " J. C. BCKBAXK, " IT. THOMPSON, MRS. C. E. MAYO, " ISAAC MARK LEY, " J. H. STEWART, " J. W. BASS, Miss LOCKWOOD. The fair, it was decided, should open on the 8th of January, the anniver- sary of the battle of New Orleans. The Source of the Mississippi, doubtless, thought this a clever method of showing its intenest in what had transpired, in by -gone days, at the Mouth. When Minnehaha and the Southwest Pass sym- pathize, secession is, of necessity, dead along the course of the stream. The 8th of January falling on Sunday, the 9th was celebrated instead. The Great Western Band and the Rev. Mr. Pope, Governor Miller and the 284 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Hon Mr. Washburne, the Kev. Mr. Noble, Senator Wilkinson, and the Glee Club, took part in the opening ceremonies. To use the terse language of the local chronicle upon the first night's experience, "Mozart Hall was a jam." MINNEJIAUA. There were few of the attractions offered by the fairs in the eastern cities that the Minnesotians were not able to present as well. They had, as has been said, a Mozart Hall ; they had an art gallery, fish ponds, a refreshment room, where meals were served "in the European style;" there was a post office, one hundred and fifty letters arriving by every mail ; an autograph ST. PAUL RAFFLES AND VOTES. 285 table ; an elephant in the third story ; a giant pig, weighing one hundred and fifty pounds when divested of certain attributes, such as bristles and skin ; and two swords, to be disposed of by the method that New York has made immortal. The first was to be presented to the field-officer, belonging to a Minnesota regiment, who should receive the greatest number of votes. There were forty such officers eligible all above the rank of colonel being excluded and a list of them was posted near the polls. Governor Miller evinced the impartiality becoming the official who had created these forty candidates, by voting once apiece for them all. A terrific contest commenced at the very outset between the partisans of Colonel Marshall, of the Seventh Minnesota, and Lieutenant-Colonel Uline, of the Second. The firemen of St. Paul cast one hundred votes for the latter, a former comrade, extinguishing Colonel Marshall for the time ; but he soon blazed forth again, as defiant as ever. But the firemen kept on voting, and raised a purse for their favorite by canvassing the city. The people of Kedwing collected $700, equivalent to 2,800 votes, and sent a messenger to make the purchase in the name of Colonel Ilubbard, of the Fifth ; but being informed that even this expensive expression of opinion would not elect their candidate, withheld it. The Lieutenant-Colonel won the sword. The second sword was to be given to such officer on General Sibley's staff as the vote should designate. That mere merit might not sway the voter's choice to the exclusion of good looks, photographs of the gentlemen were placed where they could not fail to catch the voter's eye. The fair closed on the fourth night, certain raffles and auctions taking place on the fifth day, and the grand sanitary hop on the evening of that day. It was thought that the piano raffle must be postponed, perhaps indefinitely, as there were two hundred and twenty-five tickets unsold. Three young men, however, resolved that the sport should continue, purchased and paid for the remaining chances, and then calmly awaited the result. Mr. Beebe, a gentleman who had bought but one ticket, drew the piano. Mr. Fletcher Williams was also fortunate in his appeals to fate, winning a silk dress of great price. After recording this event, the local chronicle says : "It is immaterial, Fletcher, whether they be stewed or fried." This is a very obscure, but we hope not an improper, innuendo. The following were the receipts and expenditures : Total receipts from all sources $13,596 62 Deduct expenses and bad money 4,036 44 Net receipts $9,559 18 286 THE TRIBUTE COOK. SCENE OF THK SECOND CHICAGO FAIK. Early in the year 1865, the ladies of the North western branch of the Com- mission determined to hold a second fair in Chicago ; and though, before the preparations were more than half completed, the principal armed forces of the rebellion had surrendered, and the country was on the eve of peace, they saw no reason to relax their exertions, nor did they believe that the need of the sum they hoped to raise was in any degree diminished. There were still fifty thousand soldiers in the hospitals ; regiments returning from great distances would still require assistance on the route ; and the winding and settling up of the affairs of the Commission would consume no small amount of money. The fair building proper was erected for the occasion, and covered the whole of Dearborn Park. In this was Union Hall, not unlike Union Avenue of the Philadelphia fair. Michigan Avenue was inclosed, the entire length of the park, and was the scene of the horticultural department an agreeable combination of grottoes, groves, lakes, hills, valleys, waterfalls. The Restau- rant and the New England Farm- House were established in the Soldiers' Rest. Monitor Hall was the arena of an iron-clad fight, after the manner of that so well contested upon the Boston frog-pond, of which more hereafter. Hard by was " General Grant," the mammoth ox from Boston, dwelling, as was meet, in a structure sacred to himself. Bryan Hall was the Department THE SECOND CHICAGO FAIR. 287 of Arms and Trophies ; and in the rear of Bryan Hall was an edifice put up especially to serve the purposes of a Gallery of Art. On the corner of Lake Street and Wabash Avenue stood the original, veritable Lincoln Log Cabin, constructed in part by one who was afterwards the sixteenth President of the United States. The fair opened on the appointed day, the 30th of May, the inaugurating procession occupying thirty minutes in passing a given point. Among the opening exercises was the following hymn, by Dr. 0. W. Holmes, read by the president of the day : O God ! in danger's darkest hour, In battle's deadliest field, Thy name has been our nation's tower, Thy truth her help and shield. Our lips should fill the earth with praise, Nor pay the debt we owe, , So high above the songs we raise The floods of mercy flow. Yet Thou wilt hear the prayer we speak, The song of praise we sing, Thy children, who thine altar seek, Their grateful gifts to bring. Thine altar is the sufferer's bed, The home of woe and pain, The soldier's turfy pillow, red With battle's crimson rain. No smoke of burning stains the air, No incense-clouds arise ; Thy peaceful servants, Lord, prepare A bloodless sacrifice. Lo ! for our wounded brothers' need We bear the wine and oil ; For us they faint, for us they bleed, For them our gracious toil. O Father, bless the gifts we bring ! Cause Thou Thy face to shine, Till every nation owns her King, And all the earth is Thine! The orator of the day, Governor Oglesby, made the following reference to an interesting subject : " To the art of war in all future time is to be added the morality of organ- ized benevolence. No civilized nation can again go to war that does not carry to the field its sanitary stores. No nation can succeed in war that does not 288 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. provide, in addition to well and humanely regulated hospital accommodations, effective voluntary sanitary assistance. Our people have done all this in this war, and have done it well. I believe the first great combined co-operative effort was organized in the Northwest, and it is fit and appropriate that here it should terminate. " The object for which these wonderful labors have been chiefly performed has substantially passed away. The war is at an end ; the rebellion is over ; the Union is saved, and peace is almost generally established throughout the country. The soldiers of liberty, the brave, noble, scar-worn soldiers are returning home, to be citizens again and soldiers no longer ; and as they file through the cities, over the mountains, and across the prairies, let the flag of the Sanitary Commission wave high before them, and the soldiers' home, the great heart of the nation, greet them warmly as they come." Omitting, as we have been compelled in many cases to do, an enumeration of the tens of thousands of objects contributed, we refer only to those peculiar to the occasion. At a stall called the "Department of the Commander-in- Chief of the American Eagle," was a specimen of the somewhat rapacious bird thus referred to. He had been carried unscathed through the battles of a three years' campaign by the Eighth Wisconsin, and, by the sale of his portrait, had contributed $15,000 to the sanitary fund up to the day the fair opened. The Fort Sumter Kitten, born under the rebel flag, a witness of the restoration of the lawful standard, and a willing taker of the oath of allegiance, was also to be seen. Its money value was not, of course, to be compared with that of the Wisconsin Eagle. The mammoth ox, " General Grant," proved by his experience since his second christening, how very much there may be in a name. As the Pride of Livingston County, at the New York fair, he had been indeed admired as a superb specimen of a short-horned Durham ; but how much more intense the adulation since he had been a lieutenant-general ! As the Pride, he was to be seen for ten cents ; as the Commander-in-Chief, four sights of him only could be had for a dollar. In this capacity, odes were written to him, special trains were required for him. He was the big prize in monster raffles, and a barbecue was spoken of in which the area of the steaks he was to furnish would only be equalled by the depth and richness of his gravy. From a sonnet in his praise we take the following majestic lines : All hale ! thou mighty nnimil, all hale ! Yon air 4 thousand pounds, and air purty well Popporshoned, thou tremenjus boveen nuggit! I wonder how big vou was wen vou GENERAL GRANT AND GENERAL GRANTS HORSE. 289 Was little, and if your mother wud no you, now That you've grone so big and thick and phat. In orl proberbillity you dunno you're enny Bigger than a sinorl karf ; for if you did, You'd break down fences and switch your tale And move on people's works, and hook and beller And run over fowkes, thou orful beast! The live stock department of the fair was completed by a horse and a dog, the former a Unionist, the latter a rebel ; General Grant's horse, Jack, " well known in the Western armies, a fine saddle-horse, very gentle in harness, but requiring whip and spur." General Grant had ridden this animal from the time of leaving Springfield, on the 3d of July, 1861, till called east, in March, 1864. The dog was a ferocious bloodhound, and had been used by the prison authorities of Richmond for a purpose which, for decency's sake, shall not be mentioned in these pages. The machinery on exhibition was almost infinite in variety even without the efficient little engines which, having been mentioned once, can have no second notice. There was a mill that ground every thing that was placed in the hopper, and would turn out family flour, Indian meal, pepper, coffee, nut- meg even, for those who preferred the process of grinding to that of grating. It ground, crushed, cut, cracked, shelled, bolted ; it could be worked by horses, by steam, by wind, by water; it did not get out of order, or, if it did, could easily be mended. Then there was a barrel-machine, which, taking the staves as furnished by the saw-mill, pointed the edges, dressed the surface of the heads, put the various parts together, and finally drove on the hoops. The barrels thus made could be filled with flour, meal, or coffee, as above. There was a newly invented water-indicator, with a steam alarm, signifying high or low water, and preventing explosion ; a pendulum saw, for executing orna- mental wood-work , a patent hay -loader an apparatus which would follow the haymakers into a field, and load a ton from the winrow in five minutes. There were washing-machines, squeezing, rolling-machines ; indeed, the visitors to the West Wing felt that so much could now be done by turning a faucet or starting a crank, that the steam negro that great desideratum had at last been invented ; the mechanical drudge had been patented, and was for sale. Help could be had without impertinence; there could be no disagreement about wages. There need be no fear of receiving a warning, or being an- swered back. The field and the mill were provided for ; when would it be the kitchen's turn ? The success of the ladies of the New England Farm-House may be inferred 19 290 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. from a circular issued by them soon after the commencement of operations. Their stock had given out, and they called for further supplies. The follow- ing is a brief list of the articles thus modestly demanded : Wheat and rye flour, Indian .meal, pork, beans, hams, tongues, poultry, corned beef, veal, mutton, &c. ; dried pumpkins, dried fruits, pie-plant, vege- tables of all kinds, sage, summer savory, pop-corn, hulled corn, hominy, sor- ghum, maple sugar and syrup, butter, cheese, eggs, milk, tea, coffee, sugar, cider, vinegar, pickles, apple butter, cider apple sauce, chocolate, lard, rice, punch-bowls, gourds, skillets, candles, candlesticks, snuffers and trays, and- irons, Dutch ovens, mirrors, pictures, samplers, tables, curtains, towelling, table linen, wooden plates, knives, forks, spoons, trenchers, milk-pans, warming- pans, frying-pans, tea and coffee-pots, nipperkins, porringers, stew and bake kettles, bean-pots, iron bread-pans, chip baskets, flax, wool, meat-choppers, chopping-bowls, pie-plates, chairs, crockery of all kinds, old-fashioned glass and silver ware, peacock feathers, bellows, old-fashioned clothing of all descriptions. The destination of several swords, pistols, &c., was decided by vote at Chicago as elsewhere ; but the idea was modified in one case, so that the vote should designate not who SHOULD, but who WAS ; that it should indicate not only u preference, but an opinion. Who was the prettiest girl in Chicago? The authority from which there is no appeal has decided this question in favor of Miss Anna L. Wilson ; and we desire to put publicly on record our sense of the incompleteness, the unworthiness of this book, which, with one hundred and fifty pictures, does not contain that of the Beauty of the West. The sanitary raffle underwent a change in Chicago, as did the sanitary vote. The tickets were put into the wheel, but it was not always the first number drawn which won. On the contrary, it was the last, in certain cases ; the object being to augment the interest, and thus perhaps stimulate the pur- chase of tickets in other raffles. A salamander, burglar-proof, polar safe was thus disposed of. There were two hundred tickets at $5 each, and the safest was the two hundredth. But why attempt to enumerate the numberless, or to begin what we can- not end, the infinite ? We may not name the items, but we may at least speak in flattering terms of the magnificent whole. Aggregates carry heavier metal, and produce a profounder impression than the component parts, be their number what it may. Atoms, invisible, inappreciable in themselves, have each their own value in the lump. The total receipts, therefore, of the fair were over $325,000, leaving about FAREWELL OF THE SANITARY COMMISSION. 291 $300,000 after the expenses were paid. This was not as much as had been expected ; but it was inevitable that the close of the war should diminish botli the interest felt in and the effort made for the success of the enterprise. Chi- u cago was the scene of the first and the last of the great sanitary fairs ; the cycle had been completed, and the Samaritan had twice set up his tent in the same great city. There were no Confederate States when the curtain was dropped, and peace reigned throughout the land when the auctioneer laid down his hammer. The last ticket sold was a walking-ticket and we all know who walked ; a ticket of leave and no one need ask who left. A fair not one of the series which has thus far been our theme, but a distinct effort, with a special object was held in Milwaukee in June and July, 1865. The purpose was to obtain the necessary funds for building and en- dowing a soldiers' home for the State of Wisconsin, and, in its proper place, we shall make record of its success. In July, the officers of the Sanitary Commission issued a farewell circular to its branches and aid societies, from which we take the following passages : " Your volunteer work has had all the regularity of paid labor. In a sense of responsibility, in system, in patient persistency, in attention to weari- some details, in a victory over the fickleness which commonly besets the work of volunteers, you have rivalled the discipline, the patience and cour- age, of soldiers in the field soldiers enlisted for the war. Nor do we suppose that you, who have controlled and inspired our branches, and with whom it has been our happiness to be brought into personal contact, are, because act- ing in a larger sphere, more worthy of our thanks and respect than the women who have maintained our village soldiers' aid societies. Through you we have heard the same glowing and tear-moving tales of the sacrifices made by humble homes and hands in behalf of our work, which "we so often hear from their comrades of privates in the field, who, throughout the war, have ofter won the laurels their officers have worn, and have been animated by motives of pure patriotism, unmixed with hope of promotion, or desire for recognition or praise, to give their blood and their lives for the country of their hearts. " To you and through you to the soldiers' aid societies, and through them to each and every contributor to our supplies, to every woman who has sowed a seam or knitted a stocking in the service of the Sanitary Commission, we now return our most sincere and hearty thanks thanks which are not ours only, but those of the camps, the hospitals, the transports, the prisons, the pickets, and the lines, where your love and labor have sent comfort, protec- tion 3 relief, and sometimes life itself. It is not too much to say, that the 292 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. army of women at home lias fully matched, in patriotism and sacrifices, the army of men in the field. The mothers, sisters, wives and daughters of America have been worthy of the sons and brothers, husbands and fathers, who were fighting their battles. After having contributed their living treas- ures to the war, what wonder that they sent so freely after them all else that they had ? And this precious sympathy between the fire-sides and the camp- fires, between the bayonet and the needle, the tanned cheek and the pale face, has kept the nation one ; has carried the homes into the ranks, and kept the ranks in the homes, until a sentiment of oneness, of irresistible unanimity, in which domestic and social, civil and religious, political and military ele- ments entered, qualifying, strengthening, enriching and sanctifying all, has at last conquered all obstacles, and given us an overwhelming, a profound, and a permanent victory. " It has been our precious privilege to be your almoners, to manage and distribute the stores you have created and given us for the soldiers and sailors. We have tried to do our duty impartially, diligently, wisely. For the means of carrying on this vast work, which has grown up in our hands, keeping pace with the growing immensity of the war, and which we are now about to lay down, after giving the American public an account of our stew- ardship, we are chiefly indebted to the money created by the fairs which American women inaugurated and conducted, and to the supplies collected by you under our organization. To you, then, is finally due the largest part of whatever gratitude belongs to the Sanitary Commission. It is as it should be. The soldier will return to his home to thank his wife, mother, sister, daugh- ter, for so tenderly looking after him in camp and field, in hospital and prison. And thus it will be seen that it is the homes of the country which have wrought out this great salvation, and that the men and women of America have an equal part in its glory and its joy. Invoking the blessings of God upon you all, we are, gratefully and proudly, your fellow-laborers, &c., &c." We have done, therefore, with the Sanitary Commission ; we have shown, at length, how its means were obtained, and, in brief, how they were ex- pended. Now we cross the Mississippi River, leaving the presidency of Dr. Bellows for that of Mr. Yeatman. We are under the hospital flag of the Western Sanitary Commission. CHAPTER VII. EFORE adequate preparation had been made for such a contingency west of the Mississippi, the war broke out suddenly in Missouri. The organization of the Western Sanitary Commission, as a body totally distinct from and independent of the United States Sanitary Commis- sion, was rendered necessary by this fact, and by the severity of the battles fought there in the summer and fall of 1861. The bloody engagements of Booneville, Dug Spring, Carthage, and Wilson's Creek occurred before measures had been taken to care for the sick and wounded in any portion of the state. The men were brought in ambulances and wagons from the field to Holla, and thence by rail to St. Louis. The first hundred were taken to the "New House of Refuge Hospital," where bare 294 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. walls, damp floors, and an empty kitchen received them. Cooked food was, after some delay, obtained from the neighbors, and every thing was done that the means at hand permitted. Long trains of wounded men continued to ar- rive, many of them wearing the clothes in which they had been stricken clown three weeks before, others suffering from unextracted bullets. There was no room for them in the hospitals, there was no clothing to substitute for their blood-stained garments, there were no convenient stores of food and medicine, there was no surgical corps, no preparation in any department, so unexpected was the call. It was at this juncture that the Western Sanitary Commission sprang into existence, its first labors being spontaneous, and almost without concert. On the 5th of September General Fremont, then in St. Louis, issued an order creating the commission, and appointing its officers. Its duties were thus defined : " Its general object shall be to carry out, under the properly constituted military authorities, such sanitary regulations and reforms as the well-being of the soldiers demands. It shall have power to select, fit up, and furnish suitable buildings for hospitals. It shall attend to the appointment of women nurses, under the direction of Miss D. L. Dix. It shall have authority to visit the different camps, and to aid the officers in providing proper means for the preservation of health and prevention of sickness, by supplying wholesome and well-cooked food, and by introducing a good system of drainage. It will obtain from the community at large such additional means of increasing the comfort, and promoting the moral and social welfare of the men, as cannot be furnished by government regulations. " This commission is not intended to interfere in any way with the medical staff, but to co-operate with it. It will consist, for the present, of James E. Yeatman, C. S. Greeley, J. B. Johnson, M. D., George Partridge, and the Eev. Wm. G. Eliot, D..D." Thus constituted, the Western Sanitary Commission commenced its labors, the first work being the fitting up, in St. Louis, of a large five-story building as a "General Hospital," which was rapidly filled with patients. The siege of Lexington and the pursuit of Price threw many more wounded men upon the St. Louis authorities, and five more hospitals were at once made ready for their accommodation. The first hospital ears used in America, with berths, nurses, cocL-'ag facilities, &c., were built, at this period, by order of General Fremont. The proportions now assumed by the war in the west naturally augmented the labors and enlarged the sphere of action of the commission. Late in THE WESTERN SANITARY COMMISSION. 295 December. 20,000 troops were encamped at Benton Barracks, and ten men in every hundred were sick with measles, typhoid fever, or diarrhoea. The camps at Holla, Tipton, Sedalia, and Jefferson City, were in a condition even worse. The tents were badly ventilated, the hospitals crowded, the soldiers inexperienced, not yet inured to hardship, and careless of all sanitary and police regulations. The army medical supply table was found utterly inade- quate, and the calls upon the commission for medicines, for clothing, and delicate food for the sick, were incessant. Large issues were made of blankets, sheets, pillows, slippers, socks, wrappers, shirts, drawers, bandages, lint, canned fruit, jellies, stimulants, &c., &c. At the beginning of the new year, four months after the organization of the commission, it had received, from the public at large, over 525 boxes of goods, and distributed 15,000 articles. The women of St. Louis were, like their countrywomen everywhere, fore- most in the charitable labor of ministering to the sick. "They met daily," to quote a history of the commission, "at the rooms of the 'Ladies' Union Aid' and of the 'Fremont Belief societies, cut out hospital garments, gave employ- ment and assistance to soldiers' wives, visited the sick, read to the soldiers from the good book, conversed at their bedsides, gave them consolation and sympathy." Two sisters from Philadelphia are mentioned, who spent the whole winter in these ministrations of love. These ladies were not always rewarded by thanks alone, nor were these always offered in prose. Witness the following lines: " From old Saint Paul till now, Of honorable women not a few Have left their golden ease to do The saintly work which Christ-like hearts pursue. ***** When peace shall come, and homes shall smile again, A thousand soldier-hearts in northern climes Shall tell their little children, in their rhymes, Of the sweet saints who blessed the old war times." A suggestion having been made to the commission that a steamboat might be fitted up and used to advantage as a hospital, the idea was acted upon in March, the government chartering the "City of Louisiana," and furnishing her with bedding, the commission completing her outfit at an expense of $3,000, and providing the assistant surgeons, the apothecary, the nurses, and the sanitary stores. This boat conveyed nearly 3,500 patients from the battle-field of Pittsburgh Landing to northern hospitals, and was, soon after, purchased by the government and remodelled for a permanent floating 296 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. hospital. Her name was changed to the " R. C. Ward," in honor of the Assistant Surgeon-General, the first regular army surgeon to give his approval to the plan of a Sanitary Commission. The immense service rendered by this boat led to the fitting out of many others, and the wounded soldier can nowhere obtain better accommodation than on board of a hospital steamer. It has all MISSISSIPPI RIVER HOSPITAL STEAMER. the appliances of a hospital on shore, with much better ventilation ; and in the heat of summer, when there is no wind, it can create a breeze for itself by simply setting its paddles in motion ; and by constantly changing the scene, and giving its inmates a view of the rapidly shifting river or harbor scenery, occupy their minds, and perhaps chase away a portion of their pains. The terrible battle of Pea Eidge found the supplies of the commission ready and waiting. What would have been the suffering without them, in a country thinly settled, the few inhabitants dwelling in log huts and barely possessing the necessaries of life, can hardly be imagined. A thousand badly wounded men of the Union army and seven hundred of the rebels were cared for, and even fed, by the commission. "Among the incidents of the battle worthy of mention were the labors of Mrs. Phelps, who had accom- panied her husband, Colonel John S. Phelps, with his regiment, to the field. While the battle was yet raging, this heroic woman assisted in the care of the wounded ; tore up her garments for bandages, dressed their wounds, made broth for them with her own hands, remaining with them as long as there was any thing to do, and giving, not only words, but deeds as well, of SOLDIERS' HOMES. 297 substantial kindness and sympathy. Wherever the cause of bur National Union and its perils shall be known, ' this that this woman hath done shall be remembered as a memorial of her.' " Early in March, 1862, the commission established a Soldiers' Home for discharged and furloughed soldiers passing through the city, giving them food and lodging gratuitously, saving them from extortion and the dangerous associations of the cheap lodging-houses. During its two first years it enter- tained twenty-one thousand soldiers, furnishing them eighty-six thousand meals ; the expense to the commission was about $3,000 a year, the govern- ment giving about $2,000 worth of rations and fuel besides. In the holiday season chickens and turkeys were added to the usual bill of fare ; this, how- ever, included, at all seasons, butter, vegetables, milk, dried and canned fruits, and tomatoes. Books, newspapers, and religious reading were provided, thus often preventing the men from roaming through the city in search of amuse- ment or adventure. Miss A. L. Ostram was, for a time, matron of the Home, but was afterwards transferred to the large establishment at Memphis. Upon the subject of Soldiers' Homes, Mr. Peabody, the superintendent of that of St Louis, makes the following remarks: "They have contributed not a little to saving men to the service, as well as rescuing them from death. In prosecuting their wars, the ancients had no hospital trains or medical staff in attendance on their armies. The sick and wounded were left behind to die. In these times, and in our unhappy struggle, the soldiers are tenderly cared for, not only by the medical department of the army, but by thousands of patriotic hands, working systematically, through thoroughly organized chan- nels, which often reach far beyond the routine of the service. The future historian will be able to show that the very small per cent of loss in our armies, as compared with that in modern European wars, is to be attributed largely to what the people themselves have done through organized voluntary labors in behalf of the troops." In April, 1862, the commission oifered a series of rewards, to be paid in gold, in order to stimulate emulation among the stewards, ward-masters, and nurses in the hospitals: twenty-five dollars to the steward of the best kept of the larger institutions, fifteen dollars to the smaller; ten and eight dollars for cleanliness in the wards, and twenty-five and fifteen dollars for good, whole- some work in the kitchen. The result of this experiment was highlv satisfac- tory, $245 being distributed among some thirty-five persons in July. The sanguinary battle of Shiloh was fought in April, and the labors of the commission and the drain upon its resources were largely augmented. Still 298 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. every appeal was answered, and during the first eight months of its existence the commission had received nine hundred and eighty -five cases of goods from eighteen states : Massachusetts sending two hundred and twenty-three, Illinois one hundred and thirty-two, Wisconsin seventy-four, Eh ode Island sixty-nine, Pennsylvania sixty-three, Missouri sixty-one, &c. The articles distributed numbered nearly two hundred thousand. 8OLTIKR8' HOME AT MEMPHIS. A Home was opened in Memphis early in 1863. The large edifice for- merly known as the Hunt Mansion, and belonging to a wealthy planter, who was at this time a colonel in the rebel army, was taken for the purpose. Wm. E. Hunt had spent $40,000 in building and ornamenting the house and grounds, little dreaming to what object he was so generously contributing. It had at first been Gen. Grant's head-quarters, and afterwards those of Gen. Hamilton, who turned it over to the commission, as confiscated property. The Memphis Home speedily became one of the most perfect establishments of the kind in the country. Besides the regular guests, the wives, mothers, and sisters of the sick and wounded soldiers were often entertained, and mem- bers of the Christian Commission welcomed to its hospitality. The attention of the "Western Commission had been called, in December, 1862, to the situation of the freedmen at Helena. Three or four thousand of THE WESTERN COMMISSION AND THE FREEDMEN. 299 them, men, women, and children, were huddled together in cast-off army tents, in caves and huts of brush, in a spot in the rear of the town called Camp Ethiopia. The men had worked upon the fortifications, had been employed as stevedores, teamsters, wood-choppers, and grave-diggers, but proper pay- rolls had not been kept and they had received no compensation. Some who had ventured to ask for it had been ruthlessly shot. In January, 1863, the commission sent Miss Maria Mann to their relief, with stoves, furniture, hos- pital stores, clothing, &c. Their sufferings were thus somewhat mitigated, and soon afterwards the policy of the government toward them was changed. The able bodied among them were organized into regiments, and army surgeons were detailed to attend them. Camp Ethiopia furnished the First Arkansas Colored Infantry, and excellent fighting material was subsequently obtained in similar congregations of emancipated slaves. Mr. Yeatman, the President of the Commission, made a journey down the Mississippi Eiver, to ascertain and to report upon the condition of the freed- men there, thinking that it might be well to assume the labor of relieving them as an incidental portion of his work. The journey was made and the report published. Mr. Yeatmau found forty thousand enfranchised slaves assembled in camps, in various degrees of poverty and misery. Missionaries and teachers were among them doing some good, but laboring without system or co-operation. The freedmen were working for the government virtually without pay, and were wronged and imposed upon in every way ; they were worse off than in slavery, feeling that they had merely exchanged one master for many masters. The publicity given to these terrible facts in Mr Yeatman's report riveted public attention, and before long National Freedmen's Eelief Associations were formed in New York, Chicago, Cincinnati, and Indianapolis, and relations were at once established between the commission and them Mr. Yeatman and his colleagues becoming the almoners of a portion of their bounty. We shall speak of these societies in the proper place. It is proper to say that, at the commencement of the attempts to relieve the freedmen, Chap- lain Fisher was detailed by Gen. Schofield, who had succeeded Gen. Fre- mont, to visit New England, to state the case, and make an appeal for aid. He went, spoke, and was heard. He returned with $30,000 worth of shoes, clothing, and clothing materials, and $13,000 in money, obtained in Boston, Salem, and the neighboring towns. In regard to the funds upon which the Western Commission has drawn there are many curious facts, and some of them are pointedly stated in the North American Review, from which we make the following extract : 300 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. " In one respect we mean tlie sources of receipts and the manner of their collection the experience of the Western Sanitary Commission has been remarkable, if not peculiar. It sprang from sudden exigency for relief of suffering, without opportunity to count the cost either of labor or money involved. At its first meeting its members, a half-dozen in number, agreed to advance the small amount needed for office expenses, and to do without a clerk. They put notices in the St. Louis papers asking contributions, and sent a few lines to the Boston Transcript, requesting New England women to send 'knit woolen socks.' Similar notices or appeals have been published from time to time, about once in six months, ever since. This has been the whole machinery of collection from first to last. There have been no auxiliary societies, no collections, no systematic means of replenishing the treasury whatever. Once, however, in Boston, in January, 1863, a number of gen- tlemen took the matter in hand, and in a fortnight's time $35.000 was paid to Richard C. Greenleaf, who acted as Treasurer, and was forwarded to St. Louis. "A similar action was also recently taken in St. Louis, and during the 'frozen week' of last January, with the thermometer ranging from twenty degrees below zero to two degrees above, the sum of nearly $30,000 was collected. For the rest, whatever has come has been obtained by strictly individual action, without concert or definite plan. Perhaps one further exception should be made of a New England lady,* who in the beginning of the war, set apart a room in her house as the ' Missouri Boom,' and, letting all her friends know of this convenient method of sending articles to St. Louis as fast as boxes could be filled up, she has received and forwarded goods to the amount of $17,000, and in cash nearly as much more. Beyond this the com- mission at St. Louis knows nothing of the modus operandi, or the moving causes, to which it is indebted for the continued, uninterrupted stream of gifts by which its warehouses have been kept full and its treasury replenished. It has been a spontaneous and self-directing movement. No better proof could be given of the closeness of the ties which bind our people together than this cordial sympathy and almost unsolicited generosity, which make for themselves channels to flow in, and only ask that their gifts may be freely used. Boston alone has sent over $200,000 ; New England, $500,000. The golden rule, to do as you would be done by, thus practised, will bind the East and "West together in bonds that no secession or rebellion will ever disturb cu again. At this moment no two cities are nearer each other than St. Louis and Boston ; no two states, than Missouri and Massachusetts." * Mrs. Thomas Lamb. A BOSTON SUBSCRIPTION LIST. 301 We give the list of Boston subscribers to the St. Louis Commission as a specimen of a class of contributions to which we have as yet hardly referred. The donors were perfectly aware, at the time of signing their names, that not one dollar of their money, not one comfort purchased with it, L would ever reach a Massachusetts or New England soldier, and in this lay the exceptional nature of the fund. It contrasts violently with sentiments entertained else- where, which have been mentioned with the resolution passed at Mossville, for instance, "that Mossville money should reach Mossville soldiers.'' The Boston-St. Louis list is as follows : SUBSCRIPTIONS TO THE WESTERN SANITARY COMMISSION, BOSTON, 1862-63. . $1.000 00 J. C. Howe & Co Gov. Andrew (from private funds placed in his hands) 1,000 00 Mrs. N. I. Bowditch 1,000 00 Win. Srurgis 800 00 C. F. Hovey & Co 500 00 J. M. Forbes 500 00 J. M. Beebe & Co 500 00 Gardner Colby 500 00 Daniel Denny 500 00 Nay lor & Co 500 00 Nathaniel Thayer 500 00 David Sears 500 00 F. Skinner & Co 500 00 Nathaniel Francis 300 00 Moses Williams 300 00 Oakes, Ames & Son 300 00 lasigi, Goddard & Co 300 00 James Lawrence 250 00 P. C. Brooks 250 00 Martin Brimmer 250 00 Faulkner, Kimball & Co 250 00 J. L. Little & Co 250 CO Jordan, Marsh & Co 250 00 Joel Hayden 250 00 Hon. Samuel Hooper 250 00 H. P. Kidder 250 00 G. Rowland Shaw ..-.' 250 00 Albert Fearing 250 00 I). N. Spooner 200 00 J. Huntington Wolcott .? J 200 00 Win. Amory 200 00 J. L. Gardner 200 00 W. Ropes & Co 200 00 Gardner Brewer 200 00 Sprague, Soule & Co 200 00 George Howe $200 CO T. Mandell 200 00 Miss M. A. Wales 200 00 C. W. Cart wright 200 CO Foster & Taylor 200 CO W. F. Weld & Co 150 09 Samuel Johnson 150 00 John C. Dalton 150 00 Chandler & Co 100 00 W. P. Pierce 100 00 W. S. Bullard 100 00 C. A. Babcock 100 00 Theodore Matchett, Brighton . . 100 00 W. B. Spooner 10000 Sewall, Day & Co 100 00 H. H. Hunnewell 100 00 W. II. Gardner 100 00 G. M. Barnard 100 00 J. M. Barnard 100 00 James McGregor 100 00 Miss J. Mason 100 00 Jacob Bigelow 100 00 James Parker 100 00 Miss Abba Loring 100 00 Abbott Lawrence 100 00 W. W. Churchill 100 00 Little, Brown & Co J 00 00 T. Jefferson Coolidge 100 00 J. S. Farlow 100 00 Mrs. Heard, Watertown 100 00 Dr. Geo. Hay ward 100 00 Oliver Ditson 100 00 R. W. Hooper 100 00 Mrs. C. Hooper 100 00 Miss E. Hooper 100 00 Bigelow Brothers & Kennard. . 100 00 302 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Miss 0. M. Adams $100 00 Charles Ainory 100 00 J. G. Gushing 100 00 II. P. Sturgis 100 00 Wm. Parsons 100 00 B. F. Eeed 100 00 Almy, Patterson & Co 100 00 Hogg, Brown & Taylor 100 00 Barrage Brothers & Co 100 00 John Borland 100 00 Geo. W. Wales 100 00 Otis, Daniell & Co 100 00 Grant, Warren & Co 100 00 A Friend 100 00 A, Claflin & Co 100 00 W. Claflin & Co 100 00 Joshua Stetson 100 00 Joseph S. Fay 100 00 A. Wilkinson 100 00 Mrs. Sally Blake 100 00 Thaddeus Nichols 100 00 Augustus Lowell 100 00 Chas. G. Loring 100 00 Israel Whitney 100 00 Benj. Burgess 100 00 W. Perkins 100 00 Friend in Windsor Locks, Conn. 100 00 J. W. Brooks 100 00 Mrs. S. Wheelwright 100 00 John A. Blanchard 100 00 Elisha Atkins 100 00 Nash, Spaulding & Co 100 00 Glidden & Williams 100 00 Samuel Cabot 100 00 Geo. P. Upham 100 00 John Duff. 100 00 Quincy A. Shaw 100 00 Win. Hilton & Co 100 00 Wilson, Hamilton & Co 100 00 Mudge, Sawyer & Co 100 00 James Haughton 100 00 J. Field 100 00 Alpheus Hardy 100 00 Geo. S. Holmes 100 00 W. T. Andrews 100 00 Ellis, Newell & Co 100 00 Mrs. L. B. Merriam 100 00 H. F. Durant : 100 00 P. B. Briglmm 100 00 B. S. Rotch 100 00 W. P. Mason.. 100 00 Burr Brothers & Co $100 00 Miss Sarah B. Pratt 100 00 Parker, Wilder & Co 100 00 John Gardner 100 00 William Bramhall 100 00 J. E. Hall 100 00 W. D. Pickman, Salem 100 00 John Bertram, " 100 00 Richard S. Rogers, " 100 00 Francis Peabody, " 100 00 George Peabody, " 100 00 John C. Lee, " 100 00 William Munroe, Boston 100 00 Anderson, Sargent & Co 100 00 John H. Reed 100 00 A. G. Farwell & Co 100 00 Samuel A. Way 100 00 C. P. Curtis 100 00 Joseph Dix & Co 100 00 D. W. Williams 100 00 Ladies of Fitchburg 100 00 E. R. Mudge 100 00 Henry Callender 100 00 P. C. Brooks 100 00 Mrs. John Heard . . 100 00 Sewall, Day & Co 100 00 Margaret B. Blanchard. Harvard 100 00 H. P. Kidder 100 00 Joseph B. Glover 100 00 Geo. W. Colburn 75 00 John Homans, M. D 75 Ou John Felt Osgood 75 00 J. C. Hoadley, New Bedford. . . 50 00 George Bernis 50 00 Rev. F. A. Whitney, Brighton.. 50 00 Geo. H. Kuhn 50 00 Geo. S. Winslow 50 00 Francis Bacon 50 00 C. H. Warren 50 00 W. S.Eaton 50 00 John C. Gray 50 00 E. L. Perkins 50 00 Mrs. James McGregor 50 00 Chas. E. Ware 50 00 N. C. Keep, M. D 50 00 G. D. Wells 50 00 John Simmons 50 00 Burr, Brown & Co 50 00 Geo. C. Shattuck 50 00 Mrs. N. Hooper 50 00 Miss M. I. Hooper 50 00 THE WESTERN SANITARY COMMISSION. 303 S. T. Morse J. S. Amory Geo. A. Gardner Josiah Quincy Isaac Thatcher James Davis J. Amory Davis Franklin Haven G. W. Lyman F. H. Story Fisher & Chapin Sidney Bartlett P. T. Jackson Geo. B. Emerson Amos W. Stetson Lydia Jackson C. W. Loring Potter, Nute, White & Bayley. . James Hay ward Smith Brothers & Co Mrs. A. I. Hall F. S. Nichols Joseph Simes Isaac S\veetser Henry Lee Geo. B. Gary E. A. Boardman Frothingham & Co W. W. Tucker C. C. Chadwick Wright & Whitman Claflin, Saville & Co May & Co Horatio Harris Edward Atkinson J. B. Glover H. S. Richardson Josiah Stickney E. D. Peters & Co ?... Stephen Tilton & Co J. H. Beal Marshall Keyes Aaron D. Weld N. Harris Robert Brookhonse. Salem Mrs. Henry D. Cole, " Mrs. C. Saltonstall " Mrs. Lucy B. Johnson, " Z. F. Sillsbee, " J. S. Cabot, " L. B. Harrington, " $50 00 Miss Hannah Hodges, Salem ... $50 00 50 00 J. C. Tyler & Co 50 00 50 00 E. S. Rand, New bury port 50 00 50 00 E. S. Rand, Boston 50 00 50 00 J. L. Gardner, Jr > 50 00 50 00 Thomas F. Gushing 50 00 50 00 Henry Upham 50 00 50 00 Chas. Stoddard 50 00 50 00 N. Boynton 50 00 50 00 E. Williams & Co 50 00 50 00 Plumer & Co 50 00 5000 Rice & Davis 5000 50 00 Faxon Brothers 50 00 50 00 John Jeffries, Jr 50 00 50 00 Hart, Baldwin & Botume 50 00 50 00 Augustus Story, Salem 50 00 50 00 Henry Callender 50 00 50 00 Mrs. Chas. F. Hovey 50 00 50 00 A. A. Lawrence 50 00 50 00 Wm. Bellamy 50 00 50 00 Henry A. P. Carter 50 00 50 00 Miss Loring 50 00 50 00 Joseph H. Thayer 50 00 50 00 W. B. Spooner 50 00 50 00 James Parker 50 00 50 00 Emily M. Adams 50 00 50 00 Geo. S. Winslow 50 00 50 00 Thomas Bulfinch 50 00 50 00 E. L. Perkins 50 00 5000 Mrs. Sam'l Hall, Jr 5000 5000 Col. J. W. Sever 5000 50 00 Mrs. John Heard, hospital stores 50 00 50 00 Thomas J. Lee 50 00 50 00 Miss Richardson 50 00 50 00 J. Randolph Coolidge 40 00 50 00 Williams & Everett, proceeds of 50 00 exhibition of Sign of Promise. 30 45 5000 Jos. Greeley 'X^ 3000 50 00 J. F. Edmands 30 00 50 00 C. H. Cummings 30 00 50 00 Samuel Gould 25 00 50 00 A. B. Almon, Salem 25 00 50 00 Shreve, Stan wood & Co 25 00 50 00 Mrs. John C. Dalton 25 00 50 00 Mrs. W. H. Goodwin 25 00 50 00 Robert C. Winthrop 25 00 50 00 I. D. Farnsworth 25 00 50 00 Waldo Higginson 25 00 50 00 Geo. W. Tilden 25 00 50 00 E. Townsend 25 00 50 00 Silas Potter.. 25 06 304 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. F. A. Ilawley & Co Josiah Quincy, Jr The Misses Quincy Alex. Strong & Co John Ware John Cummings, Jr Charles Clioate James Maguire Win. II. Dunbar Stone, Wood & Co Eastman, Fellows & Weeks. Edward Craft Amos Cummings J. C. Converse & Co Maguire & Campbell Tappan, McBurney & Co . . II. Montgomery Rev. C. Bartol Mrs. M. R. Wendell.. $25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 . 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 25 00 C. O. Whitmore $25 00 C. C. Gilbert 25 00 Palmer & Bachelders 25 00 E. M. Welch 25 00 Mrs. Welch 25 00 Mrs. Louisa Peabody 25 00 Mrs. C. G. Lori tig 25 00 Baldwin & Curry 25 00 Mrs. O. W. Holmes 25 00 J. S. Lovering 25 00 Mrs. F. A. Sawyer 25 00 Franklin Evans 25 00 Ripley Ropes 25 00 Jacob A. Dresser 25 00 Sums under $25, those given anonymously, and contribu- tions of stores 1,726 00 Total :54,511 45 Before the whole of this sum had been received, Mr. Yeatman issued a circular of thanks to the contributors, in which occurred the following lan- guage : " The munificent liberality with which our appeals have been met in Bos- ton and vicinity has surprised and delighted us. It has laid us under a debt of obligation which we have no way of returning, except by faithful perform- ance of the duties imposed upon us, and we believe this is the only return you desire. The whole amount we have received from New England, since our commission was organized, eighteen months ago, to this date, is about $55,000 in money, and, by moderate estimation of the cost of articles sent for hospital use, fully $100,000 in goods. This has come almost unsolicited from thousands of contributors, in small sums and large from churches and schools and charitable associations from children of five years old and from aged women of fourscore years. God bless them ! wliose work has been sent to us with words of benediction and encouragement to 'the brave Western boys.' This does not look like separation or divided feeling between the East and the West ! The blood which flows so warmly from the heart diffuses its glow to the remotest extremity. " We are ONE COUNTRY, in all our interests and affections. Momentary estrangements may occur, but returning good sense quickly allays them. We are members one of another. There is no East and no West ; may the time soon come, as by God's blessing it must, when we can again say, ' There is no North and no South!'" THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY FAIR. 305 Up to the time of holding the Mississippi Valley Fair, in May, 1864, the Western Sanitary Commission had received $275.000 in money, $50,000 of which was from Massachusetts, and $50,000 from California ; while the stores and goods contributed from the same states, and by ladies' and soldiers' aid societies from Maine to Minnesota, amounted in value to more than a million and a quarter. The commission had, up to the same date, made the following issues of articles : To the western armies 985,984 " the western navy 28,838 " freedmen 80,505 " Union refugees 5,848 Total 1,101,175 It now became necessary to take measures for replenishing the treasury of the commission. None of the fairs held in the large cities of the east, nor, strange to say, either that of Chicago or Cincinnati, had contributed any thing to its coffers ; and while its sphere of action was enlarging, its resources were failing. A Mississippi Valley Fair was suggested, and the enterprise was undertaken in January, 1864 At the preliminary meeting a letter was read from General Grant, expressing hearty sympathy with the object proposed, and bearing witness to the thousands of tons of sanitary stores furnished to his army by the commission. The following officers and committees were appointed at this meeting : President, First Vice- President, MAJOR-GENERAL W. S. ROSECRANS. GOVERNOR WILLARD P. HALL. Second Vice-President^ Third Vice- President, MAYOR CHAUNCEY I. FILLEY. BRIGADIER-GENERAL CLINTON B. FISK. Treasurer, Corresponding Secretary, SAMUEL COPP, JR. MAJOR ALFRED MACKAY. Standing Committee. Members of the Western Sanitary Commission. JAMES E. YEATMAN, WM. G. ELIOT, GEORGE PARTRIDGE, CARLOS S. GREELEY, JOHN B. JOHNSON. Executive Committee of Gentlemen. JAMES E. YEATMAN, Chairman. J. H. LlGHTNER, GU8TAVU8 W. DREYER, DwiGHT DuRKEE, E. W. Fox, H. A. HOMEYER, AMADEE VALLE, SAMUEL COPP, JR., B. R. BONNER WYLLYS KING, 20 306 THE TRIBUTE BOOK GEORGE D. HALL, S. R. FILLET, CHARLES B. HUBBELL, JR., JAMES BLACKMAN, WM. D'OENCH, WM. PATRICK, J. O. PIERCE, ADOLPIIUS MEIER, CHARLES SPECK, WM. MITCHELL, WM. ADRIANCE, GEORGE E. LEIGHTON, M. L. LINTON, WM. H. BENTON, GEORGE P. PLANT, MORRIS COLLINS, J. C. CABOT, N. C. CHAPMAN, JOHN D. PERRY, S. H. LAFLIX, JAMES WARD. Executive Committee of Ladies. MRS. CHAUNCET I. FILLET, President. Miss ANNA M. DEBENHAM, Recording Secretary. Miss PHOJBE W. COUZINS, Corresponding Secretary. MRS. SAMUEL COPP, JR., Treasurer. MRS. ROBERT ANDERSON, MRS. T. B. EDGAR, MRS. GEORGE PARTRIDGE, MRS. C. S. GREELET, MRS. J. E. D. COUZINS, MRS. W. T. HAZARD, MRS. E. M. WEBER, MRS. TRUMAN WOODRUFF, MRS. CLINTON B. FISK, MRS. F. A. DICK, MRS. ALFRED CLAPP, MRS. DR. E. HALE, MRS. A. S. W. GOODWIN, MRS. H. T. BLOW, MRS. AMELIA REIHL, MRS. N". C. CHAPMAN, MRS. WASHINGTON KING, MRS. S. A. RANLETT, ' MRS. CHAS. D. DRAKE, MRS. WM. McKEE, MRS. SAMUEL C. DAVIS, MRS. McIvEE DUNN, MRS. R. II. MORTON, MRS. DR. O'REILLY, MRS. S. B. KELLOGG, MRS. S. A. COLLIER, MRS. W. A. DOAN, MRS. DR. HAEUSSLER, MRS. ADOLPHITS ABELES, MRS. F. P. BLAIR, MRS. ELIZABETH W. CLARKE, MRS. H. DREYER, MRS. JOHN WOLFF, MRS. ULRICH Buscn, MRS. JOHN J. HOPPE, MRS. CHARLES EGGERS, MRS. WM. D'OENCH, MRS. DR. HILL, MRS. ADOLPHUS MEIER, MRS. JOHN C. VOGEL, MRS. R. BARTH, MRS. H. C. GEMPP, MRS. O. D. FILLET, MRS. HENRY STAGG, MRS. E. W. Fox. A distinct committee was afterwards appointed to conduct a department for the express benefit of freedmen and Union refugees, that contributions might be solicited for this particular purpose, and kept apart from the general receipts. In the circular, which was at once issued by these committees, the follow- ing appeal was made : " Contributions of every sort and kind will be received, and all can be advantageously used. Large buildings for the fair will be erected, and the bulkiest articles will find abundant room. All the fruits of the garden and farm ; the produce of the mine, iron or gold, or whatever else ;' every variety of manufactures, from the needle to the steam-engine ; works of art and fancy ; home-made and imported goods ; hardware, and silver- ware, and queens- ware ; groceries and dry goods; India-rubber goods; boots and shoes; curiosities and relics ; books and pictures ; live stock, of whatever kind, from the farm- yard or prairies ; and, in short, whatever is bought and sold by rich or poor, wise or simple, young or old, will find a welcome place in the Mississippi THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY FAIR, 307 Valley Fair, and contribute to its success. Every dollar, or dollar's worth, will relieve the suffering of some sick and wounded soldier, and perhaps save him from death it may be a stranger to you of whom you will never hear it may be your kinsman or your dearest friend. #**#*#*# " During the continuance of the fair, rooms of exhibition will be opened, restaurants provided, entertainments prepared, including concerts, oratorios, lectures, and almost every variety of amusement, with whatever else the inge- nuity of man or woman can devise, and by which the profits of the fair can, with propriety, be increased, or the satisfaction of visitors secured. The intention is to bend all the energies of the city in one direction, and to enlist the industry and taste of all classes, trades, and occupations, during the con- tinuance of the fair, in one principal work, for the relief of the sick and wounded. The hearty loyalty of St. Louis demands such an opportunity of expressing itself. The old hospitalities of the city are impatient to be renewed, and a cordial greeting is now sent to all those who, perhaps without fault of theirs or ours, have been estranged from us for the three years past Let them come and help us keep a jubilee of patriotic rejoicing A UNION LOVE-FEAST, which will bring back the kindly relations of former times. A new era will soon dawn upon our state and nation the era of union, of free- dom, and enduring peace. Let it be inaugurated here by a hundred thousand welcome guests, and there will be room enough and to spare for all that come." A building was erected especially for the use of the fair. The main structure was five hundred feet long and one hundred and fourteen feet wide, with wings one hundred feet long and fifty-four wide, with an octagon centre seventy-five feet in diameter and fifty feet high. Before the fair opened, the finance committee had collected $200,000 in money, the principal portion being contributed by citizens of St. Louis, a city that has suffered far more from the war than any loyal city in the country. The following table gives the returns of every department and committee of the fair : TREASURER'S REPORT OF THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY FAIR. Proceeds of fourteen gold and silver bars, from Story County, Nevada, in cur- rency $44,725 88 " one gold and silver bar, from Ormsby County, Nevada 716 65 Cash from Committee on Finance 210,635 76 " " Dry Goods Committee 19,548 50 " " Grocers' " 10,755 00 308 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Cash from Marine Committee From Refreshment Committee: New England Kitchen f $6,284 18 Holland Kitchen 4,711 90 Confectionery 1,345 80 Lippincott's soda fountain. . . . 627 20 O'Brien's u " 150 00 Eobinson's cream mead 22 50 Cafe Laclede 8,226 68 Goods afterwards sold .. 313 50 $13,100 00 SANITARY SODA. From Committee on Drama and Public Amusements " Committee on Public Schools " " " Charitable Institu- tions, &c " Floral Department and sale of flowers " Committee on Books, Paper, and Stationery " Committee on Drugs and Perfumery " " " Millers.. - 21,681 70 From Committee on Iron and Steel " " " Carriages, Saddlery and Harness " " " Wine and Beer " Hebrew Aid Society " Committee on Soap, Candles, and Lard Oil " " " Stoves, Tinware, and Gas-fitting " " China and Glass-ware " " " Freedmen and Refugees: Donations to freedmen $6,115 36 " and refugees 7,254 70 " " refugees 3,020 05 Books . 330 00 6,102 78 5,608 87 9,673 70 8,095 80 9,659 00 7,398 92 4,595 75 8,293 44 5,189 55 5,395 85 3,085 45 2,155 85 7,867 64 2,394 40 From Committee on Fine Arts " Ladies' Furnishing Committee " Committee on Hardware and House Furnishing " " Skating Park " New Bedford Department " Committee on Millinery " Children's Department " Committee on Agriculture " " Bed Linen " " " Premium Shirts " " " Sewing Machines " Turnverein Committee " Committee on Jewelry and Silver Plate " Old Curiosity Shop " Committee on Bakers " " " Produce " " " Fancy Handwork 16,720 11 15,943 10 2,417 50 7,205 74 888 40 4,615 21 938 20 5,585 60 3,603 65 2,396 05 868 00 1,242 00 408 05 5,575 60 4,566 80 3,415 25 7,329 49 4,671 95 THE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY FAIE. 309 From Committee on Live Stock $6,226 85 3,684 90 7,768 80 4,625 00 6.405 65 3,958 92 11,907 93 39,884 95 3,136 18 6,915 00 307 95 4,119 10 12,856 95 6,453 90 882 25 7,212 20 1,000 00 Total $618,782 28 Deduct expenses 64,191 28 Total net $554,591 00 A COMMITTEE ON LIVE STOCK. " Paint and Oil New York Department. Committee on Swords . . " " Private Schools Associated Clerks Committee on Boots and Shoes Sale of Tickets u Daily Countersign Committee on Manufac- tures Post Office at the Fair. . . From Committee on Furniture " Government employees " Committee on Cloth and Clothing. . " " " Wood and Coal " " " Tobacco and Cigars. " sale of horse . . We give below as large a portion of the list of cash receipts as we can make room for, only regretting that our soace is not more ample : James H. Lucas $5,250 00 Boatmen's Savings Institution . . 5,000 00 E. W. and others, proceeds of lots of ground on Olive street. 5,000 00 Merchants' Exchange 5,000 00 Belcher's Sugar Refinery 3,500 00 Government Employees' Associ- ation, M. V. S. Fair 2,844 50 State Savings Association 2,500 00 Donations of Public Schools, by Ira Dwill 2,512 25 Henry A. Homeyer & Co 2,300 00 Gaslight Company 2,000 00 Mepham & Brother 1,750 00 Associated Clerks' Committee .. 1,685 50 " Northern Line " 1,600 00 Lyon, Sherb & Co., and Geo. D. Hall 1,500 00 City Clerks' Association 1,445 65 Keokuk Packet Company 1,400 00 Memphis Packet Company 1,400 00 Henry Ames & Co L. N. Bonham, entertain- ment given by pupils of the Female Seminary . $600 00 L. N. Bonham, proceeds of a hair- wreath, made by Miss Bailey, of the Seminary 379 00 L. N. Bonham, half pro- ceeds of fairy-tale tab- leaux at the fair 95 00 L. N. Bonham, cash do- nations by pupils .... 209 50 $1,350 00 $1,283 50 Hon. Henry T. Blow, balance of salary as Minister to Venezuela in 1862 1,048 14 James Archer , 1,000 00 Building and Savings Association 1,000 00 Francis "Wittaker, Sons & Co 1,000 00 Hudson E. Bridge 1,000 00 310 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Barten, Able & Co $1,000 00 Schulenburg & Boeckeler 1,000 00 Graff, Bennett & Co 1,000 00 McKee, Fishback & Co 1,000 00 David Nicholson 1.000 00 Pratt & Fox 1,000 00 John J. Eoe 1,000 00 Kichardson & Co 1,000 00 St. Louis and Iron Mountain Rail- road Company 1,000 00 Employees in Q. M. Department, Capt. E. D. Chapman 953 50 Illinois River Packet Co 850 00 Robinson & Howe's circus 831 40 Chicago & Alton R. R 814 00 Ladies' Association of Tenth Ward, proceeds of ball 796 50 Committee of ladies, Seventh and Eighth Wards, proceeds of ball 781 00 Hayden & Wilson 720 00 Giles F. Filley 700 00 Reformed Presbyterian Church, by Rev. Mr. McCracken, pas- tor 666 00 Proceeds of five head of cattle, presented by the Butchers' Association 640 00 Employees of Morison Hall 610 70 Horace Holton 600 00 St. Louis Union Association .... 600 00 J. D. Stanbridge 588 60 Capt. Wallace's employees 583 00 D. A. January and others 570 00 By Rev. W. G. Eliot, from Bos- ton friends 551 00 Allen, Copp & Nesbit 550 00 Crow, McCrerey & Co 550 00 Bridge, Beach & Co 505 00 E. H. Smith 502 00 Lumbermen's & Mechanics' In- surance Co 500 00 Lamb & Quinlin 500 00 St. Louis Agency of Manhattan Life Insurance Co 500 00 Adolphus Meier & Co 500 00 Mary Institute, proceeds of con- cert of scholars 500 00 A. S. Merritt 500 00 North Missouri R. R. Co 500 00 North St. Louis Saving Associa- tion 500 00 Second National Bank. . 500 00 Third National Bank $500 00 John O'Fallon 500 00 Phoenix Insurance Co 500 00 Pike & Kellog 500 00 Pacific R. R. Co 500 00 J. B. Sickles 500 00 N. Schaffer & Co 500 00 St. Louis Insurance Co 500 00 A. T. Shapleigh & Co 500 00 J. B. Sickles & Co 500 00 Stannard, Gilbert & Co 500 00 Tunstall & Holme 500 00 United States Insurance Co 500 00 Wiggins Ferry Co., by Henry L. Clark, Secretary 500 00 Wm. Young & Co 500 00 Young Brothers & Co 500 00 Boatmen's Insurance & Trust Co. 500 00 Crozier & Baxter 500 00 Citizen's Insurance Co 500 00 Chouteau, Harrison & Vable. . . 500 00 James Clark & Co 500 00 Franklin Saving Institution 500 00 Franklin Insurance Co 500 00 Home Mutual Insurance Co 500 00 Collection in private schools . . . 455 70 Government Employees' Associ- ation, by H. II. Wernse 446 00 Seventh Cavalry, M. S. M 429 00 John G. Copelin 400 00 Doggett & Morse 400 00 Students of City University 872 95 Samuel Gaty 350 00 W. M. Morrison 350 00 Employees on track on Eastern Division P. R. R. and S. W. Branch 341 75 Wm. D'Oench 335 00 Employees of Ubsdell, Barr, Duncan & Co 314 50 Fritz, Ley salt & Bennett 311 55 Warne, Cheever & Co 309 50 Collier Lead Co 300 00 Gaylord, Sons & Co 300 00 Dwight Durkee 300 00 Great Republic Insurance Co. . . 300 00 W. Chauvenet, Chancellor of Washington University, dona- tion from students 300 00 Hillman Brothers 300 00 Marine Insurance Co 300 00 Ticknor & Co.. . 300 00 A WESTERN SUBSCRIPTION. 311 Harmonia Glee Club $286 75 Samuel C. Davis 285 00 Jos. Gartside and 149 employees 271 75 Henry Martin 270 00 Employees of Pacific R. R 267 00 Pupils of the Missouri Institute for the Blind, proceeds of con- cert by them 264 50 Jameson, Cutting & Co 255 00 Levi Ashbrook & Co 250 00 Atlantic Insurance Co 250 00 M. Creesy & Co 250 00 Chapman & Thorp 250 00 Citizens' Railroad Co., by A. R. Easton 250 00 Dutcher & Co 250 00 R. &J. B. Fenby 25000 First National Bank 250 00 Globe Mutual Insurance Co 250 00 Samuel H. Gardiner 250 00 Hemming & Woodruff 250 00 Howe & Copen, N. Y. Ins. Cos. 250 00 Lackland & Christopher 250 00 Lockwood & Nider 250 00 Ladue, Tousey & Co 250 00 Merchants' Bank 250 00 John S. McCune 250 00 People's Saving Institution 250 00 Pacific Insurance Co 250 00 John J. Roe 250 00 Real Estate Savings Bank 250 00 St. Louis R. R. Co 250 00 L. & C. Speck & Co 250 00 Steamer Bright Hope 250 00 Tyler, Davidson & Co 250 00 Ubsdell, Barr, Duncan & Co. . . 250 00 Union Insurance Co 250 00 Francis Whittaker & Co 250 00 Asa Wilgins 250 00 Win. Young & Co 250 00 Employees of Goodwin, Andrew &Co 245 50 Bakers' Committee, collection among the trade 245 25 Journeymen horse-collar makers 213 75 Mr. Barr & others 204 00 G. Bayher & Co 200 00 Chas. Beardslee & Brother 200 00 F. B. Chamberlain & Co 200 00 J. F. Comstock & Co 200 00 Continental Packet Co. . 200 00 Matthew Coleman , Colonel & Mrs. Dick L. D. Dameron Samuel Gaty Charles Holmes A. C. Hoffman, by will Wm. Jessup & Sons , N. H. Kendall & Co McKay & Hood Naples Packet Co Col. John O'Fallon J. & W. Patrick O. H. Pearce & Co Albert Pearce Steamboat John J. Roe and owners Steamboat Pauline Carroll " J.H. Dickey Alton Packet Co Levi H. Baker Steamboat Imperial " Louisville " Maurice Denning . . . " Glasgow " latan " Leviathan " W. K. Arthur " Julia " Henry Ames " J. E. Swan " City of Memphis .... " Stephen Decatur .... " Colorado J.H. Lacey John Tilden Z. F. Wetzel & Co Warne, Cheever & Co R. A. Barnes Miss Emily Shaw, for tableaux. . Mrs. Puroget Rev. W. H. Corkhill, proceeds of exhibition of tableaux at Benton Barracks G. Walbrecht Mary Institute, proceeds of read- ings by J. J. Bailly D. A. January G. Bummermaunt & Co Peter E. Blow Buddecke & Droege Wra. Glasgow, Jr $200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 250 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00 195 00 189 70 186 00 162 90 158 75 157 00 155 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 312 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Children's picnic, proceeds by committee of St. Peter's Church $150 00 0. TV. Howe, Agent N. Y. Insu- rance Cos 150 00 Hope Mutual Fire Insurance Co. 150 00 C. & E. Michelman 150 00 David Nicholson 150 00 Col. James Peckham 150 00 Tassem & Dangen 150 00 Young Brothers 150 00 Stokes & Sheets.. 132 05 Mr. Eossfeldt, St. Louis Vocal Association $140 00 Merchants' Exchange 125 95 Moody, Michel & Co 125 00 Mission Free School 125 00 Sterling & Co 125 00 Berthold & Thompson 125 00 C. I. Filley 125 00 Ladies' Union League 125 00 German Evangelical Lutheran Church, Franklin Avenue and llth Street . . 123 75 CUTTING WOOD IN THE NORTHWEST, FOR BOLDIBKS' WIVES. Employees of Wiggins Ferry Co. Evangelical Protestant Church of Emanuel A. TV. Fagin A. S. Merritt Cash contributions in basket, South M. E. Church, by Levi H. Baker, St. Louis $115 00 Eobert Charles $107 20 Joseph Garneau 105 00 113 10 Spurry, Chalfant & Co 100 00 112 00 St. Louis Lodge, No. 5, 1. O. O. F. 100 00 11000 Schwetze & Eggers 10000 John A. Smithers& Brother. . 10000 C. F. Schultz & Brother 100 00 10930 Shamrock Benevolent Society.. 10000 THE WESTERN SANITARY COMMISSION. 313 Steam Boiler Makers' Associa- tion $100 00 John R. Shepley 100 00 Jas. T. Severingen and wife ... 100 00 G. O. W. Todd & Co 100 00 Miss Mary Thomas 100 00 D. S. Thompson 100 00 W. F. Ulman 100 00 John C. Yogel 100 00 Warne, Cheever & Co 100 00 White & Haass 100 00 Capt. Daniel White 100 00 Wilson & Atwell 100 00 J. Wall & Brother 10000 Washington Lodge, Xo. 24, I. O. O. F 100 00 B. D. Whittaker 100 00 Wildley Lodge, Xo. 2, I. O. O. F. 100 00 Geo. II. Wiley & Co 100 00 Westerman & Meir 100 00 Samuel B. Wiggins 100 00 W. S. Gilman 10000 Gay, Ilanekemp & Edwards . . . 100 00 Greely & Gale 100 00 Goodwin & Anderson 100 00 E. Gaylord & Sons 100 00 Louis C. Gamier 100 00 Cheltenham Fire-Brick Works, 100 00 by Evans & Howard 100 00 Gymnastic Society 100 00 John H. Gay 100 00 Gill & Brother 100 00 John How 100 00 C. B. Hubbell & Co 100 00 J. Howard 100 00 Hibernian Society 100 00 Ilofkemeyer & Finney 100 00 Ileinicke & Estel 100 00 Berton A. Hill 100 00 E. C. Harrington, from Govern- ment Employees' Association. 100 00 D. A. January & Co ^ 100 00 Jacoby & Feikert 100 00 Mr. James, Iron Works 100 00 Jefferson Mutual Fire Insurance Co 100 00 Jameson & Mantz 100 00 Jonathan Jones 100 00 Capt. W. J. Kauntz 100 00 Wm. Klnmpe 100 00 Win. Dean & Co. . . 100 00 Dunham & Gregg $100 00 Druids' Hall Association, by Franz Michen 100 00 John F. Darley 100 00 Arnold, Constable & Co -<.. . 100 00 B. & D. Able 100 00 John C. Dervalall 100 00 Capt. J. B. Eads 100 00 Wm. L. Ewing & Co 100 00 Employees in. Laclede Rolling Mills 100 00 Excelsior Fire and Marine Ins. Co 100 00 S. M. Edgell 100 00 Joseph Emanuel & Co 100 00 Eighth St. Baptist Church (col- ored) 100 00 Excelsior Lodge, Xo. 18, I. O. O. F 100 00 J. E. Esher, proprietor Bowery Theatre, proceeds of one night's entertainment 100 00 Gen. C. B. Fisk 100 00 Fisk, Knight & Co 100 00 O. D. Filley 100 00 E. A. & S. R. Filley 100 00 M. Foster 100 00 Fritachie & Co 100 00 R. D. Fenby 10000 Glasgow & Brother 100 00 Henry Bell & Son 100 00 L. A. Benoist & Co 100 00 J. II. Bowen & Co 100 00 Mrs. Sarah B. Brent 100 00 Battery K, 1st Missouri Light Artillery 100 00 Bush & Hawthorn 100 00 John Boker 100 00 Beard & Brothers 100 00 Mrs. Bruescke 100 00 R. Campbell & Co 10000 Cavender & Rowse 100 00 Cabot & Senter 100 00 John B. Carson 100 00 E. A. Corbitt 100 00 P. Chouteau, Jr., & Co 100 00 Cupples & Marston 100 00 Commercial Ins. Co 100 00 George Couzleman 100 00 F. J. Chapman 100 00 Mrs. Jane Chambers.. 100 00 314 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. City Tobacco Warehouse $100 00 J. R. Clark, proceeds of a cotton donation 100 00 Munroe R. Collins 100 00 Alexander Crozier 100 00 Luther M. Kennett 100 00 Samuel Knox 100 00 S. II. Laflin 100 00 T. II. Larkin & Co 10000 II. J. Loring & Co 100 00 L. Levering & Co 100 00 Louis A. Labaume 100 00 Ladies' Branch of Shoemakers' Society 100 00 Wm. C. Lindell 100 00 E. M. Moffitt 10000 Mrs. Virginia Minor 100 00 Murdock & Dickson 100 00 A. Meier & Co 100 00 Mason & Clements 100 00 W. II. Markharn 100 00 Wm. K Macqueen 100 00 Thornton D. Murphy 100 00 Company II, National Guard. . . 100 00 Augustus McDowell 100 00 Mound City Mutual Ins. Co 100 00 Moreau & May 100 00 "Wm. II. Maurice. . . 100 00 Nulson & Merriman $100 00 Nolan & Caffrey 100 00 A. K. Northrup 100 00 R. H. Ober & Co 100 00 "OvvlClub" 100 00 L. W. Patchen 100 00 Peterson, Hawthorne & Co. ... 100 00 W. II. Pulsifer 100 00 People's R. R. Co 100 00 Rich & Co 100 00 Richardson & Co 100 00 Eben Richards 100 00 Eben Richards, Jr 100 00 Geo. H. Rea 100 00 John H. Rankin 100 00 Pratt & Fox 100 00 Christian Peper 100 00 Col. Geo. G. Pride 100 00 Pomeroy & Benton 100 00 Pike & Kellogg 100 00 James Smith 100 00 A. F. Shapleigh 100 00 A. F. Shapleigh & Co 100 00 Still well, Powell & Co 100 00 St. Louis Shot Tower Co 100 00 Savings' Association, Eighteenth Ward 100 00 F. E. Schmieding & Co 100 00 The officers of the Mississippi Valley Fair, in closing their report, claim that it yielded larger comparative receipts than any sanitary fair ever held. St. Louis, situated almost upon the very frontier of loyalty, raises $3.50 for every inhabitant at her fair, the proportion of New York and Philadelphia being about $1.67 for each inhabitant. This is the more remarkable from the fact, proved by the figures, that only about $10,000 was received from east of the Mississippi River. "We confidently believe that no equal demonstration of patriotism has been made in any city of the Union since the war began." The proceeds of the fair were immediately applied to the uses for which they were bestowed. Eighty thousand dollars' worth of hospital stores were furnished, in June and July, to the army of General Sherman, and a fair pro- portion to troops in other departments. The Western Sanitary Commission maintained its organization and con- tinued its labors to the close of the war. The table at the end of the volume will give the final, closing statistics of its work work which, from the first, has been diligently sought and systematically and energetically done ; done, THE WESTERN SANITARY COMMISSION. 315 too, in so unobtrusive a manner, that thousands of persons in the eastern states have never been made aware of the commission's existence. This was, in a measure, intentional, to avoid all appearance of infringing upon what might be claimed as another's ground, and to escape the conflict of interests which might ensue. Faithfulness, energy, and prudence are cardinal virtues in a man, or in a commission of men. CHAPTEE VIII. STATE SANITARY COMMISSIONS LOCAL RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS. THE MAGIC LANTERN IN THE HOSPITAL. OUR view of the labors of the people in behalf of the health and comfort of the soldier, would be incomplete without a glance at certain local sanitary commissions which sprang up in the earlier stages of the war for which there was at that time, perhaps, sufficient reason. Upon the subject of these as- sociations, the North American Review used the following language, in January, 1864: "The education of our towns and villages in the principles of the Sanitary Commission, the overcoming of their local prejudices, of their desire to work for this regiment, that company, this hospital, or that camp, has been an education in national ideas in the principles of the government itself in the great federal idea for which we are contending at such cost of blood and treasure. The objections to the Sanitary Commission have been precisely the objections that led to the rebellion and to the war that made this commission necessary objections to a federal consolidation, a strong THE IOWA SANITARY COMMISSION. 317 general government, a nationality and not a confederacy. State and local powers were claimed to be not only more effective in their home and imme- diate spheres, but more effective out of their spheres, and in the promotion of ends that are universal. As South Carolina said she could take better care of her own commerce and her own foreign interests than the United States Government, so Iowa, and Missouri, and Connecticut, and Ohio, insisted that they could each take better care of their own soldiers, after they were merged in the general Union army, than could any central, or federal, or United States commission, whatever its resources or its organization. Narrow political am- bition, state sensibilities, executive conceit, and the pecuniary interests of agents, produced the same secessional heresies in regard to the National Sani- tary Commission, that they either actually created, or have vainly tended to create, in regard to the general government itself." This language must be slightly modified. Only two states east of the Mississippi undertook to look after the sanitary interests of their own men, Iowa and Indiana, and one of these subsequently abandoned that course. We give a brief history of the independent existence of the Iowa and Indiana Sanitary Commissions. In the month of October, 1561, Governor Kirkwood, of Iowa, in a letter to the Eev. A. J. Kynett, stated, that in order to render the various soldiers' aid societies springing up throughout the state efficient, and to encourage the formation of others, he had appointed him Mr. Kynett agent for the state, to perfect a system by which contributions would best reach the soldier. Mr. Kynett, in reply, recommended that a State Sanitary Commission be consti- tuted, to become, ultimately, auxiliary to the United States Commission. On the 13th of October, the governor appointed the officers of such a commission, as follows : President, Secretary, PROF. J. C. HUGHES, M. D., of Keokuk. REV. GEO. F. MAGOUN, of Lyons. Treasurer, Corresponding Secretary and General Agent, HIRAM PRICE, of Davenport. EEV. A. J. KYNETT, of Lyons. HON. ELIJAH SELLS, Des Moines, HON. CALEB BALDWIN, Council Bluffs, REV. BISHOP LEE, Davenport, REV. G. B. JOCELYN, Mt. Pleasant, HON. GEO. G. WRIGHT, Keosauqua, HON. WM. F. COOLBAUGH, Burlington, REV. BISHOP SMYTH, Dubuque, EZEKIEL CLARK, Iowa City, Hox. LINCOLN CLARK, Dubuque. Mr. Kynett immediately issued an appeal to the women of Iowa in behalf of the sick and wounded soldiers, accompanied by a form of constitution for 318 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. local societies, recommending the formation of such in every town, village, and neighborhood in the state. In answer to this call, the commission received, during the first two years, notice of the organization of one hundred and sixty relief societies ; and received from them, in the same time, four hundred and forty-two boxes, one hundred and fifty barrels, eighteen kegs, and nine sacks, of the value of some $60,000. On the 1st of June, 1863, the Iowa Commis- sion became practically a branch of the United States Sanitary Commission. The reasons for making this change, and the advantages resulting from it, were thus summed up by the secretary of the Iowa Commission : " Our Iowa regiments were, and still are, greatly scattered over a vast ex- tent of country. With our limited means and resources, it was clearly im- possible for us, acting independently as a state organization, to place sanitary stores within the reach of any considerable portion of them. " A large proportion of the sick and wounded of our Iowa soldiers were in post and general hospitals, with their fellow-soldiers from other states. To have attempted, by separate state agencies, to discriminate in favor of Iowa soldiers, would have been unjust, offensive to our own generous sufferers, and was, by proper hospital regulations, rendered impossible. " The United States Sanitary Commission, appointed by the secretary of war on nomination of the surgeon-general of the United States, and enjoying the confidence of the government and official recognition, with almost ex- haustless resources and every necessary facility, were everywhere in the field with sanitary stores at every important point, their medical inspectors in every camp and hospital, and their various agencies working efficiently in behalf of ALL THE SOLDIERS OF THE UNION. To have withheld co-operation with them seemed to us ungenerous, impolitic, and in principle too much like that 'state sovereignty' which underlies secession itself. " The advantages resulting from the new arrangement are the following : " We thereby place ourselves in cordial and earnest fraternity with all our co-laborers of every other loyal state. There is a wide difference between being in the Union and out of it. "We become rightfully entitled to a common interest in the large contribu- tions of the eastern and Pacific states. California alone has given to this object, through the National Commission, hundreds of thousands of dollars in cash. We could not honorably keep all our own to ourselves and then expect to share in common with others more generous. "We secure the free transportation of all our goods, the free use of all tele- graphic lines, and all other facilities granted the National Commission. THE INDIANA SANITARY COMMISSION. 319 " All our surgeons and chaplains are permitted and invited to draw upon the stores of the National Commission, at any time and place where a depot may be established, to supply the wants of their sick and wounded. " We are invited to nominate inspectors and agents from our own state, to be assigned to duty where Iowa soldiers are in service, and to be paid out of the funds of the National Commission." Certainly, the reasons given were sufficient. Still, the co-operation between the various organizations in the state was not complete, and in November, 1863, a call was issued for a convention to be held at Des Moines on the 18th, to consist of delegates from the ladies' soldiers' aid societies, the societies co-operating with the Iowa Sanitary Com- mission, loyal leagues, soldiers' Christian commissions, and all other associa- tions in the state which had made regular contributions. The convention was held, two hundred delegates being present, from all parts of the state. Mrs. Livermore addressed the assembly on the claims the United States Sanitary Commission had upon them as auxiliaries, while Mrs. Wittenmyer urged those of the Western Sanitary Commission. Then there were addresses in behalf of harmony, and in deprecation of party strife in sanitary matters. The Hon. S. A. Russell protested against the sick and dying soldier being sacrificed or detained in hospital by local preferences, or personal feelings in favor of this or the other way of reaching him. A new commission was finally created, the principal feature of which was a board of control. This board held its first meeting in December, and it was decided to establish an Iowa depot at Chicago, in connection with the United States Commission, and another at St. Louis, connected with the Western Commis- sion ; each local society could send to whichever branch it might prefer : the goods received at the two depots should be repacked, and all packages should be stamped with the Iowa state mark. Up to this period, the value of the goods received by the Iowa Commis- sion was not far from $250,000. A Sanitary Commission was organized in Indianapolis, for the state of Indiana, in February, 1862, immediately after the battle of Fort Donelson. Its success was such that a permanent organization was effected in March, by the appointment of William Hannaman as president, and Alfred Harrison as treasurer. The objects of the commission were, in spite of its name, "to carry relief to suffering soldiers, wherever from or wherever found ; and its aim was to contribute to every general hospital within its reach as large a supply, in proportion to the number of Indiana soldiers in those hospitals, as 320 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. any other state. When this was done, any thing that remained was devoted to the use of Indiana soldiers in preference to any others. But all contribu- tions made to general hospitals were for general distribution. And when it is remembered that the supplies of the Indiana Commission were exclusively the gifts of inhabitants of the state, this seems a very generous method of dispensing them. This would not be the case were other states tributary to the Indianapolis treasury, as Massachusetts has been to that of St. Louis, or Minnesota and Wisconsin to that of Chicago." The attention of the officers of the commission was called, at an early date, to the needs of sick and wounded soldiers at the railroad station in Indianapo- lis, waiting for trains, or otherwise detained. An agent was at first appointed to meet the men on their arrival, and direct them to houses where they could be decently and cheaply accommodated. As the number of applicants in- creased, tents were procured, and a sort of Camp Eelief was established ; finally a Soldiers' Home was erected. Nearly two hundred thousand soldiers have been entertained here since its opening. The Home for Soldiers' Wives, established somewhat later, is to the family what the Soldiers' Home is to the army. Here, the wives, mothers, sisters, and daughters of soldiers, who have come to the city to meet the returning veteran, find comfortable meals and lodging, and are safe from annoyance and imposition. Three hundred ladies and children have been entertained here a month. During the year 1863 seven hospital boats were sent out by the commission, to distribute five thousand packages of supplies, and to bring home such men as were unfit for service. One of these, the City Belle, was the first boat to land at Vicksburg after its surrender. The Indiana railroads gave free transportation to goods from all parts of the state to Indianapolis, the Union Telegraph Company sent all messages gratuitously, and the Adams, American, and United States Express Compa- nies carried boxes by the hundred, without charge. The following table speaks for itself: Contributions of money in 1862 $22,529 12 stores " 86,088 00 money in 1863 36,232 11 stores " 101,430 74 money in 1864 97,035 22 stores " 126,086 91 Total $469,402 10 The Indiana Commission continued independent to the end. THE PHILADELPHIA LADIES' AID. 321 A society, known as the " Philadelphia Ladies' Aid," -was organized in Philadelphia on the 26th of April, 1861, and from that day to the close of the war maintained its independence. Mrs. Joel Jones, Mrs. Stephen Colwell, and Mrs. John Harris were, and remained, its president, treasurer; and secre- tary, respectively. Mrs. Harris visited Washington at an early date, spend- ing six weeks in the camps and hospitals of that city, and, with the co-opera- tion of ladies there, establishing a depository for the reception of their stores arid clothing. In October, the pastors of twelve churches of Philadelphia issued a circular, appealing, in behalf of the Ladies' Aid, to all into whose hands it might fall. " The society comprises ladies belonging to more than twenty churches, of various denominations. Its affairs have been conducted with the utmost prudence, economy, and efficiency There is no village, scarcely any congregation, in which something might not be done by way of co-operation in this good work. And we beg to suggest the expediency of forming an auxiliary society in your church or neighborhood, with a view of forwarding this humane and patriotic object." The Philadelphia Ladies' Aid has been a very Sanitary or Christian Com- mission, upon a small but vastly effective scale. It has dispensed hospital supplies ; it has distributed tracts and soldiers' Bibles ; it has nursed the sick, it has comforted the dying; it has been commended by the commanding general; it has received the thanks of the surgeon-in-chief. In her first report, Mrs. Harris was able to say for herself and colleagues: ""We have personally visited the sick of two hundred and three regiments. We have thrown something of home light and love around the rude couches of at least five hundred of our noble citizen soldiers, who sleep their last sleep along the Potomac. We have been permitted to take the place of mothers and sisters : the gentle pressure of the hand has carried the dying soldier back to the homestead, and, as it often happened, by a merciful illusion, he has thought the face upon which his last look rested was that of some cherished one from home. A gentle lad of seventeen summers, wistfully then joyfully exclaim- ing, ' I knew she would come to her boy,' went down comforted into the dark valley. Others, many others, have thrown a lifetime of truthful love into the last look, sighing out life with ' Mother, dear mother ! ' ' That an independent society like this, indeed, that many such may find their sphere of usefulness, gleaning where the Sanitary and Christian reapers have passed, is well shown in a letter from an army surgeon, from which we make the following extract. Speaking of the medical department of the army, and of the various agencies for the benefit of soldiers, he said : 21 322 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. "But the vast supplies of the department are not intended for wayside sufferers and exhausted fugitives : they are for regular hospitals and organized camps. A strict system of accounts is necessary, and profusion of expendi. ture cannot be tolerated. The army system is perfect in its place, and my judgment thoroughly approves of it ; but it does not suit every emergency. " The Sanitary Commission is a noble charity, and nobly has it sustained itself. Almost every hospital in the army has filled its wards with the beds, and quilts, and sheets of the Sanitary Commission. Who can tell the thou- sands upon thousands of times the fevered brain of our stricken soldiers has spelled out on the corner of his white pillow-slip, ' U. S. SANITARY COMMIS- SION?' But this society is no roadside affair. It deals in car and ship loads. It supplies hospitals and bodies of men, when applied to, with bales and boxes innumerable; and many a doctor's heart has melted with gratitude for the liberal gifts of the Sanitary Commission. No papers here are needed ; no duplicate inventories to be made out, no double receipts to be transmitted. "But what good would it do an exhausted soldier, toiling through the mud, or sinking by the wayside, to understand that yonder beautiful ship, the white letters upon whose red flag were undistinguishable in the distance, was filled with bed-sacks, sheets, and pillows, and boxes of jelly of the Sanitary Commission ? Like the mirage upon the desert, they mock the dying pilgrim with visions of plenty while he famishes. "Who will help this man who has dragged along his weary, possibly lacerated, limbs, till nature refuses to bear him farther, and he sinks down to die in the mud ? The Ladies' Aid Society is to the soldier what the retailer is to the community. Other organizations represent the wholesale business. And nobly has Mrs. Harris performed her duty. She is indefatigable. Day and night her sole occupation, her only thought, is, ' relief to the soldier.' " OON after the commencement of the war one of the officers of this society, after having made a large contribution to its treasury, said to the members of her family : " These men who have gone forth to fight are willing to give their lives for us, and we can never do too much for them. Now, I propose, if you all consent, to devote some regular, daily sum to the relief of the army, and we will go with- out some luxury to which we have been accus- tomed, to procure that sum. Suppose we dispense with dessert while the war lasts?" The family consented, and their dessert THE ST. LOUIS AID SOCIETY. 323 money, diverted from the grocer and the confectioner, was ever afterwards, while the need existed, the property of the invalid soldier. A remarkable proof of Mrs. Harris's efficiency is furnished by the fact that she is not often at home to write the secretary's semi-annual^ reports. A colleague, holding the pen of a ready writer, places a few facts and figures, in graceful shape, before the public ; then follow " letters and copious extracts of letters from the secretary of the society," written from various places while attending to the sick and wounded: from Chesapeake Hospital, from Fair Oaks, from on board the Nelly Baker, from Harrison's Landing, from Antie- tam, Harper's Ferry, Fredericksburg, Nashville, Gettysburg, Chattanooga. These letters were widely published and read, and stirred the fountains of public sympathy to their depths. A missionary abroad, the secretary was yet a propagandist at home. Mrs. Harris was on the field of Gettysburg, and in the first week after the battle distributed the contents of sixty-eight boxes forwarded by the society ; in the second week forty-seven boxes were sent to one single hospital, that at Annapolis. In the first three years of its existence, the Philadelphia Ladies' Aid had received nearly $21,000 in money, and about $70,000 worth of stores. It had also been commissioned by Mr. "W. W., of San Francisco, to expend $550 in the relief of soldiers' families, and by Mrs. John Haseltine, to apply $700 in assisting disabled soldiers to reach their homes. On the 26th of July, 1861, a few ladies met at the house of Mrs. F. Holy, in St. Louis, to discuss a project which had been for some time in contempla- tion that of combining the efforts of the loyal ladies of the city, and of forming an aid society, in anticipation of the conflict then impending within the state. At an adjourned meeting, held a week later, twenty-five ladies registered themselves as members of the "Ladies' Union Aid Society," and elected a full board of officers. The greater part of them resigning soon after, the following permanent list was chosen in November : President, MRS. ALFRED CLAPP. Vice- President*, MRS. SAMUEL C. DAVIS, MBS. T. M. POST, MRS. ROBERT AXDEKSOX. Treasurer, Recording Secretary, MRS. S. B. KELLOGG. Miss II. A. ADAMS. Corresponding Secretary, Miss BELLE HOLMES; afterwards, Miss AXNA M. DEBENHAM. 324 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. The society thus formed has been most active and efficient ; being the only large association of the kind working in concert with the Western Sanitary Commission, its operations, both of collection and distribution, have covered a wide field, and it has counted its dollars and its donations, not by hundreds, but by thousands. Its emissaries visited, at one time, fourteen hospitals in the city and vicinity, and were known in the streets by the baskets they carried, the cover of one of which has been obligingly lifted for us by the recording secretary ; within was " a bottle of cream, a home-made loaf, fresh eggs, fruit, and oysters ; stowed away in a corner was a flannel shirt, a sling, a pair of spectacles, a flask of cologne ; a convalescent had asked for a lively book, and the lively book was in the basket ; there was a dressing-gown for one, and a white muslin handkerchief for another ; and paper, envelopes, and stamps for all" The Christian Commission having made the ladies of this society their agents for the distribution of religious reading, one hundred and twenty-five thousand pages of tracts, and twenty thousand books and papers were dissem- inated by them. No soldier ever refused a Testament or hymn-book. The society sent delegates to all the earlier battle-fields, and even to the camps and trenches around Vicksburg. These ladies returned upon the hos- pital steamers, pursuing their heroic work, toiling early and late, regardless of health or strength, in the midst of scenes the most terrible that can follow in the train of war. During the fall and winter of 1862, the society's rooms were open day and evening for the purpose of bandage-rolling, so great was the demand for sup- plies of this kind. At the same period, the distress in soldiers' families was such that the association felt called upon to make an effort for their relief. They repre- sented to the Western Sanitary Commission, and to the gentlemen of the War Eelief Fund of St. Louis County, that the demand for hospital clothing was greater than loyal fingers could supply, and asked for an appropriation for the purpose of giving work to the wives, mothers, and daughters of soldiers. They received about $5,500 for this purpose, disbursing it among three hundred and fifty families, thus paying for the labor upon seventy-five thou- sand hospital garments. The medical purveyor of the department, informed of the success of this experiment, and having a large contract for army work to give out, offered it to the Union Aid. Under this, the families of volunteers made up one hun- dred and twenty-eight thousand articles, receiving over $6,000 for their work. UNIOX AID SOCIETY OF ST. LOUIS. 325 Another contract was afterwards taken from the purveyor, under which the ladies of the society tore twenty-seven thousand yards of cotton into two hundred and sixty-one thousand yards of bandages, the soldiers' wives receiv- ing twenty-five cents per hundred yards for rolling. In 1864, nearly forty thousand articles were made for the medical purveyor in this manner. At the request of the surgeon in charge of Benton Barracks' Hospital, the society took quarters in the building, consisting of reception-room, store- room, and kitchen. The object was in imitation of a plan in successful operation in Baltimore to be able to prepare, upon the requisition of the physicians, special articles of diet for particular cases. Donations intended for the soldiers could be left at these rooms for judicious distribution; fruit, vegetables, and other offerings, could here be prepared and issued as required. This would systematize all outside bounty, and enable the surgeon to regulate the diet of the entire establishment. Miss Bettie Broadhead was the first superintendent of these rooms, which were afterwards extended and multi- plied. They soon exhibited all the bustle and activity of a restaurant. Bills of fare were distributed in each ward every morning ; the soldiers wrote their names and numbers opposite the special dishes they desired ; the surgeon scru- tinized the calls, and, if he did not disapprove, indorsed them. At the appointed time, the dishes, distinctly labelled, arrived at their destination in charge of an orderly. Nearly forty-eight thousand dishes were issued in one year. In the fall of 1863, the Union Aid Society established a branch at Nash- ville, Mrs. Barker and Miss Adams leaving St Louis with $500 and seventy- two boxes of stores. A special diet kitchen, like that of Benton Barracks, was opened under the auspices of Miss Adams ; and this, subsequently, became a most important affair, no less than sixty-two thousand dishes being issued in August, 1864. A large portion of the supplies were furnished by the Pitts- burgh Subsistence Committee, who did not, however, stop there, but sent Miss Ellen Murdoch to prepare the supplies for use. This lady worked for three months with her own hands in the kitchen, and no reasonable wish of an invalid ever went ungratified. The society, apparently not satisfied with its labors in behalf of soldiers and their families, found time to organize committees to look after the inter- ests of the freedmen and the refugees. Working in concert with the Western Sanitary Commission, it has done much to alleviate the distress which pre- vailed in 1863, and, indeed, still prevails, among these unfortunate people. The following list of cash receipts for the year 1863, excluding those from 326 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. the commission and the government, will show what have been the Aid Society's sources of supply : Proceeds of Cosmopolitan Bazaar $5,606 66 " two concerts by the Quincy Old Folks 618 50 " launch of the gunboat Winnebago 426 50 " the Sylvan Fete 3,682 20 Donations from Societies : Boatmen's Savings Institution $1,000 00 Globe Mutual Insurance Company 100 00 Mechanics' Bank 500 00 Southern Bank 500 00 Merchants' Bank 25000 Saint Louis Bank 100 00 Citizens' Railway Company 100 00 German Savings Institution 200 00 Western Marine Beneficent Association 50 00 Union Bank 100 00 Grand Jurors, John J. Hoppe, Foreman Ill 00 Jefferson Mutual Fire Insurance Company 56 00 Ladies' Government Work Committee 65 80 Mound City Club 219 30 Employees in Excelsior Stone Works 100 00 Teamsters' Mess, at Benton Barracks 50 00 Company F, Mounted City Guards 100 00 3,602 10 Mrs. H. T. Blow 10000 James B. Eads 100 00 M. S. Mepham & Co 250 00 J. Ridgway 150 00 Gentlemen of Forage Department 100 00 L. A. Labaume 100 00 Jno. M. Taylor 200 00 Woodburn & Scott 150 00 II. A. Homeyer 100 00 1,250 00 Other donations from societies and individuals 4,033 83 Donations for Soldiers' Fourth of July Dinner 394 85 $19,614 64 Deduct expenses for Bazaar, Concerts, and Sylvan F6te 1,939 17 Total $17,675 47 In August, 1861, several of the wives of the gentlemen belonging to the Union Belief Association of Baltimore a society which we mention, on account of the nature of its work, under another head gave their assistance in preparing food and clothing for the sick and wounded. This work was, in a measure, taken off their hands by the establishment of government hospi- tals in the city, but the ladies' energies had been aroused, and they felt that LADIES' UNION RELIEF ASSOCIATION OF BALTIMORE. 327 even with the best the government and the medical staff could do, there would still be work enough for willing hands. The organization of the Ladies' Union Eelief Association of Baltimore was therefore effected on the first Tuesday of October, 1861, and the following officers were chosen : President, MRS. REVERDY JOHNSON. Vice- Presidents. MRS. J. SATTRIN NORRIS. MRS. ALEX. TURNBULL. MRS. THOMAS WHITBIDGE. Corresponding Secretary, MRS. A. L. PHELPS. Recording Secretary, MRS. JOHN GRAHAM. Treasurer, Miss AGNES V. MORTON. Two of these ladies resigned shortly afterwards, and Miss Morton became Recording Secretary, Mrs. Chas. J. Bowen, Corresponding Secretary, and Miss Julia May Morton, Treasurer. ENERAL charge was at first assumed over all the hospitals, but as each hospital gradually attracted to itself its own peculiar circle, the Relief Asso- ciation took for its immediate charge the National Hospital in Camden Street. This institution con- tained beds for a thousand patients, and here the worst cases were usually brought. Mrs. Bowen, in her first report, thus speaks of the labors of the society here : " Every ward has its own com- mittee, and the soldiers are visited by the ladies two or three times a week, and, in making known their wants, become very sociable and communicative. With few exceptions, they have been modest in their demands, and extremely grateful for favors shown them. Occasionally they ask the ladies what the articles cost, which causes a smile and a pleasant answer. Besides our visiting the soldiers, ' we request the pleasure of their company,' and there is not a day when these rooms are not a pleasant retreat for convalescent men, who love to come from the hospitals and tell their tales of the battle-field.'' The ladies of Baltimore, owing to their being comparatively near the ground, rendered peculiarly effective service. Their boxes were early upon the field, and, during the first year at least, none ever failed to reach its destina- tion. A delegation of three ladies of the society spent five days in the vicinity of Antietam, after the battle there, relieving a vast amount of suffering. 328 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. During the first year, some $3,000 were received, and nearly thirty-one thousand articles. The Northern states contributed two-thirds of these, and Northern soldiers soldiers not from Maryland consumed three quarters of those that were given out nine thousand six hundred and five, out of twelve thousand six hundred and forty-five. During the second year, the society removed its kitchen from its own rooms to the Camden Street Hospital. A committee of thirty ladies assumed exclusive charge of the diet room, serving faithfully in all weathers. A read- ing room for the convalescents was next established, at the suggestion of the chaplain, and stocked with papers, magazines, tracts, and games. Magic lan- tern exhibitions were given in the wards, for the amusement of those yet unable to leave their beds. Concerts followed in the dining-room of the hos- pital, five taking place during the year. Sabbath services were regularly held, three choirs taking turns in furnishing the music, and, after the services, going through the building and singing hymns in the wards. Nearly $6,000 were received during this year, and twenty-three thousand articles were collected, made or purchased, and distributed ; and in this enu- meration, articles that can neither be worn nor eaten, are not included : books, games, crutches, pillows. Of these, immense numbers were given out. Aid, in money or in kind, came from Springfield, New Bedford, Roxbury, "Worces- ter, Providence, Hartford, Stonington, Boston, Portland, Salem, Philadelphia. The society continued its labors throughout the war. For a long period prior to the war, there had been in New York an organ- ization for social and charitable purposes, called the New England Society ; and soon after the breaking out of the rebellion, this society became the nucleus of a wider and less formal organization, known as the Sons of New England. In April, 1862, these gentlemen, New Englanders resident in New York, formed an association called the NEW ENGLAND SOLDIERS' BELIEF ASSOCIATION, the object of which was "to aid and care for all sick and wounded soldiers passing through the City of New York, on their way to or from the war." A building, rented and furnished for the purpose, No. 198 Broadway, in close proximity to the steamboat landings and railroad stations, was opened for the reception of its beneficiaries on the 8th of the month. The board of officers was constituted as follows : Chairman, Vice- Chairman, WILLIAM M. EVARTS. CHARLES GOULD. Treasurer, Corresponding Secretary, SAMUEL E. Low. WILLIAM II. L. BARNES. NEW ENGLAND SOLDIERS' RELIEF ASSOCIATION. 329 Recording Secretaries, WILLIAM BOND, MAUEICE PERKINS. Resident Surgeon, Matron, EVERETT HERRICK, M. D. MBS. E. A. RUSSELL. Col. Frank E. Howe, military agent for the states of Maine, New Hamp- shire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Indiana, was made superintendent. The Home thus established has never received any state assistance, but has always depended upon private sources for its funds upon individuals, benevolent societies, and town and church organizations. Its expenses have averaged $1,200 a month, with which sum it has enter- tained, lodged, fed, aided and clothed, each month, some sixteen hundred men. A brief description of the building and its uses may be of interest The structure is five stories high, the association occupying them all except the ground floor, in which the superintendent conducts his private business. On the first story is the reception and baggage room, the regis- try-desk, and the office of the society, the latter containing closets and ward- robes, and a library presented by the Christian Commission. The second story is a sick-ward, the convalescents being separated from the serious and surgical cases ; here also is the resident physician's room and the medical supply-table. The Women's Auxiliary Committee furnish the nurses and attendants, and very often from their own ranks. Their sympathy, tender- ness and charity have been displayed in a thousand ways, and their services have been invaluable. The third story is a dormitory, comfortable, well lighted and ventilated, and containing eighty-six beds. On the upper story are the dining-room, the kitchen, pantries, laundry, and wash-room. Here the dusty and travel-worn trooper may have his under-clothes washed, ironed, and returned, between sunrise and sunset. From April 9th, 1862, to February 1st, 1865, the association received, regis- tered, lodged, fed, aided and clothed about sixty thousand soldiers, many of them wounded or disabled. Two-thirds of them were from New England. A hospital record, compiled by this association, has proved of the greatest value. This labor was undertaken in consequence of the great number of applications received for assistance in obtaining information of soldiers known to be, or to have been, in some one of the government hospitals in the vicinity of the city. A regular system of hospital visiting was instituted, and a registry thus made and preserved of the name, company, regiment, residence, disease or wound, condition and final disposition of every soldier in these hospitals. Many of these invalids were supplied with the means 330 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. of communicating with their friends, and, when permitted to go home, were assisted in getting there. Useful as the record has proved during the war, it will doubtless be of greater permanent value. In many other ways the association has rendered aid and comfort to the soldier. It sent nurses or guides with such as needed their assistance, to the point of departure, and, in urgent cases, caused them to be accompanied to their destination. It gave certificates, upon which the railroad and steam- boat companies furnished transportation at government rates. In case of death, it sent the remains home, or caused them to be decently buried at Cypress Hill. It was the temporary custodian of large amounts of soldiers' money, which would otherwise have been squandered, lost, or stolen. It fur- nished every soldier who desired them, whether in its own rooms or govern- ment hospitals, paper, pens, envelopes and postage-stamps one hundred and seventy-five letters a day having been often mailed through its agency. A postage-stamp account, however, was rendered to the various states for the amount of the aid thus given, and reimbursement was made in every case. Eeligious services were held in the reception-room on Sunday afternoon, conducted both by clergymen of the various denominations and by army chap- lains. Devotional music was not forgotten, the ladies and gentlemen of the Harmonic Society discharging the duties of a regular choir duties, in this case, self-imposed. "We have all heard of a voluntary upon the organ ; but the worshippers at the soldiers' chapel, though they heard no organ, listened to nothing that was not voluntary prayer, psalm, hymn, sermon, benedic- tion. The Night- Watchers' Association was a feature peculiar to the New England Relief Society. It grew out of the following circumstances : Nurses had been readily furnished at the outset by the Women's Auxiliary Commit- tee, to serve during the day-time ; but during their absence at night, the good effects of their care and attention were often undone by the mistakes and neglect of those hired to replace them. It was proposed by the superintend- ent, as a remedy for this, " that the night service should be given up to young men, whose character and motives should be a sufficient warrant of their fidelity." This was done, during the first summer, with entire success; and in the fall, the Night- Watchers' Association was formed, twenty-eight young men joining it under the presidency of Mr. Luther M. Jones. The members possessed the necessary tact and skill to deal with sick men, and, making the service a matter of personal responsibility and sacrifice, held themselves and each other to a conscientious discharge of the duties assumed. THE WOMEN'S AUXILIARY COMMITTEE. 331 A weekly visiting committee went through the rooms late in the evening, pre- pared, if the requisite number of watchers was not present, to remain themselves. In regard to the labors of the Women's Auxiliary Committee, the super- intendent bears witness that their never-failing presence, counsel, and zeal, rendered the efforts of the association economical and discriminating ; and that, through their ministrations, many a home-sick, suffering soldier has found those sympathies and that unselfish care which he believed he should meet only in his distant home and among his kindred. Now, when we are told that this institution has been carried on, that these services have been rendered, at a cost of about one thousand dollars a month, what are we to understand ? Simply this : that a few gross, practical matters have been arranged and bargained for, money being the coarse and senseless agent ; but that nine-tenths of the positive utility of this, and, indeed, of all similar enterprises, flow from the fact, that nearly every service performed is not only unbought, but unpurchasable. The rent, certain salaries, a few arti- cles of furniture, food and medicines, are paid for ; upon the rest, being price- less, no price is set The sympathetic care of the ladies who serve by day, of the devoted young men who watch by night; the supervision of those who ask and expect no reward ; the spiritual counsel, which, in pulpits such as these, at least, is not requited in measures of value; the hymns which ascend from the soldiers' chapels, unsalaried and unalloyed who shall esti- mate the money value of that which money cannot buy ? The purpose of this book is, indeed, to enable both the writer and the reader to form some idea of what has been gratuitously done, and, for want of a better standard, to meas- ure it by our ordinary methods ; and we may place an estimate upon the mere manual and physical labor performed, because this might have been done for wages ; but we shall not make the mistake of seeking to reckon the money value of any pains assuaged, any life preserved, any faith sustained, or any death made hopeful. Our space not permitting us to do more, we subjoin a list of the members of the Women's Auxiliary Comtnittee and the Night- Watchers' Association for the year 1863 : WOMEN'S AUXILIARY COMMITTEE. MRS. SAMUEL OSGOOD, Miss GERTRUDE NOTT, Miss ANNA STERLING, '' J. W. POST, " FANNY SETON, " MARY PORTER, 41 A. BROOKES, MRS. FRANK E. HOWE, MRS. WOOLSEY G. STERLING, " W. GRAHAM STERLING, Miss KNEELAND, " O. B. FROTHINGHAM, Miss JOHNSTON, MRS. E. W. STOUGHTON, Miss JANE S. WOOLSEY, MRS. G. C. COLLINS, u FREDERICK G. SWAN, MRS. NEHEMIAH KNIGHT, 332 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. MRS. CHARLES GOULD, Miss MART E. FARLESS, MRS. E. E. PEASLEE, Miss MARIANNA HALE, " SARAH H. BOSTWICK, " AV. H. BROWN. MRS. E. B. MERRILL, MRS. GEORGE BROWNE, Miss MARY HILLARD, " M. O. ROBERTS, Miss MARTIN, MRS. S. C. DOWNING. NIGHT-WATCHERS' ASSOCIATION. Board of Directors. CHARLES T. COGGESHALL, President. W. MADDREN, Vice-President. E. W. COGGESHALL, Secretary. 8. T. BROKER, J. S. COFFIN, J. V. H. NOTT, C. T. COGGESHALL, E. H. CARLE, A. E. OAKLEY, E. W. COGGESHALL, JACOB CAPSON, E. L. PHIPPS, GEO. H. COOK, J. S. FRANKLIN, L. PORTER, B. H. COOK, R. B. LOCK WOOD, S. H. SEAMAN, JOHN COCK, C. W. LAWRENCE, "W. H. SEAMAN, J. W. CARPENTER, B. MITCHELL, F. E. ENGELHARDT. MARSHALL CLEMENTS, W. MADDREN, The Penn Eelief Association of Philadelphia was organized on the 7th of May, 1862, by a number of ladies, " who felt called upon, by the exigencies of the times, to leave the private pursuits of home, to see what could be done towards mitigating suffering in our military hospitals." The following were the officers of the Association at different times : Presidents, RACHEL S. EVANS, ANNA M. NEEDLES. Vice- Presidents, HANNAH J. JENKINS, HDLDAH JUSTICE, HETTIE W. CHAPMAN, ELIZABETH B. GARRIGUEF. Recording Secretaries, ANNA P. LITTLE, ELIZABETH NEWPORT. Corresponding Secretaries, ANNA R. JUSTICE, SALLIE R. GARRIGUES. Treasurers, MARY M. SCRANTON, ANNA S. WHEATON. In six months after its organization, the society numbered two hundred members ; visiting committees were appointed, the hospitals were regularly looked after, weekly reports being made of their condition and needs. The fame of the association extended to the lines of the army, and appeals for aid came even from the battle-field. All of these the association was able to answer, and during the first year, at least, they had the gratifying assurance that all the stores forwarded reached their destination. Pithy acknowledg- ments from the recipients told how welcome they were: "That keg of pickled cabbage was capital." " Those onions and apples were very acceptable.'' THE PENN RELIEF ASSOCIATION. 333 "Everything was in perfect order : the soldiers appreciate your generosity. v "It would have rejoiced the hearts of the ladies to see the eyes that fell on those home-made-looking loaves and rusk. One says, ' Why, this reminds me of home ; ' and another, ' Yes, and they taste like home, too, just as if mother made them.' " " The pillows were a great comfort : one boy pressed his pillow to his cheek, and said, ' Only think of my having anything as nice as this in camp !' " "I took some of your farina and stewed fruit and crackers to an old man of sixty in the convalescent camp, who had taken nothing for four days. He ate them with a relish, and was most grateful." " The ham will be a great luxury, as it does not come on the diet-table, and will give just the relish the men want with their bread and butter. I shall be glad no longer to turn a deaf ear to the frequent call for pickles. The tomatoes are far more welcome than jellies, and the fruit always seems to come fresh from the hand that picked it. The sugar was the kind I was wanting to mix with some oranges too sour to be risked alone." The regular systematic labor of the Relief, however, was in the United States hospitals located in Philadelphia. Eighteen of them were indebted to the association for about twenty thousand articles during the first year ; an article being now a shirt, now a pillow, now a crutch, now a bottle of wine, now ajar of preserves; while ten thousand more were sent to remote points and to armies in the field. Nine tenths of the receipts of the society were in kind, the cash donations being not quite $3,800. The demands upon the Relief during the second year were not so great as during the first, but they came in a different form. The soil of Pennsylvania was invaded, hospitals and scenes of suffering were multiplied almost at the gates of the city. During the progress of the campaign that closed at Gettys- burg, the rooms were filled with ladies, sewing, packing, and dispatching goods to the threatened districts ; and the Penn Relief stores were among the first that reached the battle-field. Several of the members offered their ser- vices as nurses in the improvised hospitals which sprang up about the scene of that fierce encounter. The society had the satisfaction not of sending boxes of stores to Rich- mond but of receiving the assurance, upon their being sent there, that the Union prisoners, for whom they were intended, actually received them. The cash receipts were nearly $6,400 ; those in kind were large enough to enable the society to furnish fourteen thousand two hundred and thirty-two articles to hospitals and to claimants in the field. It continued its labors as long as the necessity existed. 334 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. IRCUMSTANCES not only alter cases, but they even 'invent them, and sometimes they form societies. The Rose Hill Ladies' Soldiers' Relief Association, of New York, had a pleasant and accidental origin. A number of ladies were holding a raspberry festi- val in the Twenty-seventh Street Church, in the summer of 1862. More berries had been provided than were eaten, and a suggestion made by one of the party to send the surplus to the soldiers, was acted upon. They were taken to Bellevue Hospital, and the delight and gratitude of the wounded men congregated there were such that the ladies who had been on the first errand, went again and again, laden with similar gifts. The advantage of concerted action was soon made apparent, and on the 12th of August, the organization of a society, named as above, was effected. The object was the relief of sick and wounded soldiers in the hospitals of New York and vicinity, and the temporary care of dis- charged soldiers, even if not sick or wounded. The officers were as follows : First Directress, MRS. BICHARD KELLY. Treasurer, MRS. WILLIAM RYER. Second Directress, MRS. C. V. CLARKSON. Recording Secretary, MRS. WILLIAM HUNTING. Corresponding Secretary, MRS. CHARLES S. WESTCOTT ; afterwards, MRS. A. G. DUNN. The first resources of the society were contributions made by its own mem- bers; these were augmented by a concert and fair, the proceeds of which, nearly $2,200, enabled it to continue its ministrations. The soldiers were visited almost daily, and supplied with clothing and delicate food; the board of several was paid at St Luke's Hospital ; some were furnished with means to reach their homes, and one was sent to his fatherland in Germany. Several, who would otherwise have found paupers' graves, were decently buried. A Thanksgiving dinner was famished to the three hundred soldiers collected at Bellevue, the dinner not ceasing with the dessert, but lingering pleasantly on, while speeches were delivered and patriotic songs sung. The first year's receipts were $3,400. During the second year both the means and the sphere of action of the society were considerably extended. A concert by Mr. Gottschalk, an enter- tainment by Mr. Stephen C. Massett, a fair, a collection at the Corn Exchange, and generous private donations, enabled the ladies of Rose Hill to enlarge TWO HUNDRED AND FORTY-THREE HOSPITALS. 335 their circle of visits, and while continuing their ministrations at Bellevue and St Luke's, to include, in their generous work, the hospitals of Central Park, Willett's Point, David's Island, Blackwell's Island, and the Battery. Christ- mas and Thanksgiving dinners were given to all, and fruit ws furnished to tlie Central Park on the Fourth of July. A dying soldier placed $50 in the hands of the chaplain, to be used as he thought proper, for the benefit of the soldiers. This became the nucleus of a fund for the purchase of an organ for the Willett's Point hospital. Eighty dollars more were obtained by special contribution ; a sympathizing firm of organ builders offered an instrument worth $170 for $130 ; and thus it was that the soldiers sang hymns on Sundays, and national and secular airs any other day they liked. The second year's receipts were $6,100. The society maintained its organization while the war lasted, and, at its close, became the beneficiary of certain unexpended balances of recruiting and bounty funds. The associations which we have mentioned in this chapter, though the most important of those which have kept up an independent existence, are by no means all. At one period there were in the country TWO HUNDRED AND FORTY-THREE government hospitals, and every one of them either attracted to itself its regular circle of ministering attendants, or, if left to the chance visits and sympathy of those who were drawn thither by accident, hardly suffered in comparison with the others. The number of persons who have performed these errands of love, if it could be computed, would doubtless astound us ; and they all went away empty-handed. Many a man, who formerly spent his thousands a year upon his picture gallery or his library, has diverted the cur- rent of his bounty : many a woman has practised. daily, systematic self-denial, that she might go better laden to the sick soldier's bedside. The brief sketches which we have given of certain organized efforts to make a sojourn in the hospital more tolerable, must not only stand for themselves, but for those we have omitted : and they may serve, with this reminder, to fix in the reader's memory the fact, that hundreds of thousands of persons, belonging to no regular hospital aid society, visited the hospitals as the spirit moved. The basket on the arm, the distended pocket, the burdened servant, told plainly enough what the errand was, where the heart and sympathies were. We shall try to put all this into figures in another place. CHAPTER IX. HRISTIANITY in the army ! A worthy object, worthi- ly undertaken, and, as we shall see, untiringly and suc- cessfully prosecuted. The efforts to bring evangelical influences to bear upon the armies of the United States, which, at a later period, assumed concerted action under the name of the Christian Commission, commenced in an isolated manner in the city of New York, on the 18th of April, 1861. Delegates from the Young Men's Christian Association, of that city, met the Massachusetts Sixth on its passage, and on the next day visited the New York Seventh, then preparing to start for "Washington. This association, and similar organizations in other cities, made certain of their members Army Committees, and these persons spent the three months previous to the battle FIRST SUGGESTION OF A CHRISTIAN COMMISSION. 337 of Bull Run in visiting the camps and barracks, holding prayer-meetings, and distributing Testaments, hymn-books, and tracts. Mr. Vincent Colyer, who had been from the outset a delegate of the Chris- tian Association of New York, and who had received in August a permit from General Scott "to pass through the United States lines at all times, in the prosecution of his benevolent labors in the camps and hospitals," wrote a letter, in October, to the Secretary of the Committee for calling a Convention of the Young Men's Christian Associations of the United States, in which occurred the following passages : " I wish to ask the committee, of which you are the honored secretary, to earnestly consider the propriety of calling a general convention, at some central place, at the earliest practicable day, to consider the spiritual wants of the young men of our army, in order that the same may be provided for by the appointing of a ' Christian Commission,' whose duty it shall be to take entire charge of this work. ***** * # " The labor is so extensive, and needs such large resources, that single associations can do but little, and for them to act independently of each other, is to increase vastly the expenses, while the labor accomplished will be less ; and while some sections will receive too much attention, others will be com- paratively neglected. " I need not say what a blessing such a work will prove to the associations themselves. It is well known that many of these societies are now languish- ing for the want of means to meet their current expenses; and it might reasonably be asked, seemingly, how can they, then, undertake a new and extensive work like this ? The answer is, they can readily collect money for this special army mission, when they cannot for any thing else. The commu- nity is so sensitively alive to the wants of the soldiers nearly every city, town, village, or family, having their own citizens or members in the army that the subject takes immediate hold of their sympathies, and will command their ready aid and support. We have tried it, and found it so. {i Having had a personal interview with the president of your committee, and learned his hearty readiness to co-operate in this work, I visited Boston, and there met with an equally cordial response. That society will send an able delegate, and our New York Society will select a prominent citizen and member to represent it, and, I doubt not, if the time had admitted, other societies would have promised the same. I therefore pray that a convention of all the Young Men's Christian Associations may be called at an early day." 22 338 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. A convention of delegates from the Young Men's Christian Associations of the country, such as was here suggested, was called, and met at New York, on the 16th of November, 1861. Up to this time the delegates of the various Christian Associations had received and disbursed about $15,000 in money and stores. A consolidated United States Christian Commission was now decided upon, and the following persons were appointed to constitute it : EEV. ROLLIN H. NEALE, D. D., Boston. REV. BISHOP E. S. JANES, D. D., New York. GEO. H. STUAET, Philadelphia. REV. M. L. R. P. THOMPSON, D. D., Cincinnati. JOHN V. FARWELL, Chicago. HON. B. F. MANIEEBE, New York. CHARLES DEM-OND, Boston. MITCHELL II. MILLER, Washington. JOHN P. CROZER, Philadelphia. COL. CLINTON B. FISK, St. Louis. JOHN D. HILL, M. D., Buffalo. REV. BENJ. C. CUTLER, Brooklyn, N. Y. The two latter gentlemen retired during the first year, and their places were filled by Mr. Jay Cooke, of Philadelphia, and the Rev. James Eells, of Brooklyn, N. Y. Headquarters, at first established in New York, were sub- sequently removed to Philadelphia. The board of officers and the executive committee of the commission stood, after several appointments and resignations, composed of the following gentlemen : Chairman, GEO. H. STUART. Treasurer, Jos. PATTERSON. Secretary, REV. W. E. BOARDMAN. Executive Committee. GEO. H. STUART, Chairman, Philadelphia. CHARLES DEMOND, Boston. REV. BISHOP E. S. JANES, D. D., New York. JOHN P. CROZER, Philadelphia. JAY COOKE, Philadelphia. The object of the commission was to promote the spiritual and temporal welfare of the officers and men of the United States army and navy, in co- operation with chaplains and others ; and, as subsidiary to this, " to arouse the Christian associations and the Christian men and women of the loyal states to such action towards the men in our army and navy, as would be pleasing to the Master ; to obtain and direct volunteer labors, and to collect stores and money with which to supply whatever was needed, reading matter, and articles necessary for health not furnished by government or other agencies, and to give the officers and men of our army and navy the best Christian min- istries for both body and soul possible in their circumstances." ARMY COMMITTEES. 339 The first work of the commission was to make its objects known, and to create an interest in its plans and purposes ; the second was to appeal to the people, if they liked the design, for the means of carrying it out ; the third, to devote the stores thus obtained, whither collected or purchased, to the uses intended. The public attention was speedily enlisted, the machinery used being the very simple one of public meetings. The Boston Army Committee held eight such meetings in Boston, and twenty-eight in various parts of New England, during the first year, collecting $7,500, and forwarding seven hundred packages of stores. They held six hundred and thirteen prayer-meetings on board the receiving ship Ohio, the crowded assemblages reaching down far below the water-line, using in their labors some twenty thousand copies of prayer-books, Testaments, hymn-books, and tracts. The Brooklyn Army Committee held twenty meetings- in the churches, in behalf of the soldiers, collected and distributed two hundred and sixty-three barrels and boxes of stores, ten thousand bound volumes, fifteen thousand magazines and pamphlets, twenty-five thousand papers, one hundred thousand pages of tracts. The- value of these stores and publications was about $25,000 ; the money disbursed, about $3,800. The Philadelphia Army Committee began at a date somewhat earlier than the others, and labored through the heat and burden of the day. On every Sabbath evening of the year; with the exception of one or two in midsummer, meetings were held in churches of all denominations ; these were invariably crowded, and the exercises were always interesting, often thrilling. Fifty delegates, principally clergymen, were sent to the field, two hundred others prosecuting the home work in the camps and hospitals. Three hundred and forty-five religious meetings were held with soldiers and sailors. The govern- ment having failed to supply the hospitals with milk, the committee made an arrangement with dairymen, by which forty thousand quarts were furnished, fifteen hundred quarts having been a gratuitous contribution. The commit- tee also undertook the labor of keeping a complete record of all Pennsylvania soldiers in and around the city, engaging to visit them weekly, to assist them in communicating with their homes, and to give them opportunities for reli- gious conversation and spiritual benefit. The Philadelphia Central Office, which disbursed not only its own collections, but such other funds as were sent to it by local committees, received and expended $20.000 in money, and over $90,000 in stores, during the first year. The Maryland Committee may be said to have been already in existence 340 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. when the Christian Commission was organized. Mr. G. S. Griffith had, at the first outbreak, called a meeting of clergymen and laymen, of different de- nominations, at his house in Baltimore, for the purpose of forming an associa- tion to minister to the spiritual needs of the army. He urged the importance of exerting a moral influence over the thousands that were even then rushing to arms; of furnishing them with good reading-matter, and of enabling chap- lains to work efficiently among them. Such an association was formed that night; it was called the Baltimore Christian Association, and fifty men at once entered their field of duty under its auspices. "When the United States Christian Commission was organized, the Baltimore Association became aux- iliary to it, under the name of the Maryland Committee, Mr. Griffith becoming chairman, Dr. John N. McJilton, secretary, and Rev. George P. Hays, treasu- rer. The district under their immediate control comprised Maryland, Dela- ware, and Western Virginia, Occupying a delicate position in a community which was far from sympathizing with them, they made up for their disadvan- tage of situation by zeal. They sent sixty delegates to the field during the first year, while five hundred persons, male and female, found constant em- ployment at home, in camp and hospital. They held eight hundred and sixty prayer-meetings, distributing, besides Bibles, praver-books, and pamphlets, four million pages of tracts. They expended, in local work, $2,800, and distributed five hundred cases'of stores. The "Washington Committee had an almost boundless field of work, and labored in it indefatigably. They held five hundred religious meetings, distributed twenty thousand Testaments, and nearly half a million pages of tracts. One special opportunity was offered to this association, and they employed a missionary to profit by it The teamsters and laborers con- nected with the Quartermaster's Department were herded together in two vast camps, away from home influence, surrounded by temptation, obtaining liquor easily, knowing no Sabbath, caring for no one, and with no one, apparently, to care for them. They would not attend church, though invited to do so. Into the midst of these hardened outcasts came one day the Rev. Mr. Lyford, the missionary of the association, accompanied by his wife, who was proficient in sacred music. They stood upon a box and began to sing. A woman singing is vastly more winning than a man praying, in the view of such a multitude, and they collected to listen. After the sing- ing, they heard a familiar talk about their families, about their hardships, and those who were willing and anxious to lighten them ; then another song, and, finally, prayer. The responsive chord had been touched at last, and the ARMY COMMITTEES. 341 blasphemous throng were soon after building a canvas chapel. Planks placed across bales of hay formed seats, and a rude pulpit was constructed with barrels and boxes, and here regular services were afterwards held. In the other teamsters' park was an abandoned school-house, and when the genial influence had reached them from the neighboring camp, they took it for a church, enlarging it by the addition of an awning, so that the preacher could stand in the doorway, and speak to the men both inside and out. CHRISTIAN COMMISSION IN THE FIELD. The Chicago Committee held thirty-eight public meetings, in which the claims of the cause were forcibly presented. They expended $4,000, dis- tributed one hundred thousand books, papers, and tracts, and four hundred packages of stores. They sent thirty delegates to the field, the home work being divided among several hundred persons. Twelve hundred religious meetings were held ; a chapel was built in Camp Douglas, the ladies furnishing the materials, and the soldiers doing the work. Services were of daily occur- rence, and a thousand persons were often present. The members of the com- mission went about among the men, offering healthy reading in exchange for playing-cards, and plying, it seems, a very prosperous trade. After a season of revivals, and at a time when several regiments were about to leave for the 342 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. south, a Soldiers' Communion was proposed. The denominational differences of the various regimental chaplains were harmonized, and an order of exercises satisfactory to all was agreed upon. Long before the hour the chapel was crowded. Chaplain Stoughton warned all present against eating and drinking irreverently, or even thoughtlessly. Mr. Hoag, whose son, an Illinois colonel, was among those intending to commune, served the bread and wine. Over two hundred took the proffered sacrament war-worn veterans from the Poto- mac, and recruits fresh from their homes and pastures. The Rev. Dr. Patter- son wrote in November of this year : " God is evidently at work in our army. To-day, at noon meeting, a man who was so wicked that the men removed his tent out of hearing, stood up and thanked God for his conversion." The Western Army Committee, of St. Louis, had much to discourage them during the first year. They nevertheless held three public meetings on the soldiers' behalf, and two hundred and forty-seven religious meetings with the soldiers. They expended $2,200, and distributed ninety thousand books, papers, and pamphlets, and seven hundred and twenty thousand pages of tracts. Services were held in Camp Jackson, and semi-weekly prayer-meetings at Camp Benton, and opportunities were sometimes found on board of steamboats and on railroad trains. On one occasion a delegate was speaking to an assem- bled regiment upon the vice of profanity. The colonel begged him to pause a moment, and then suggested to the men, that if the regiment had any swear- ing to do, its colonel was the proper man to do it, and asked them if they were willing to leave it to him ; proposing that all who would- pledge them- selves not to utter an oath till they heard one from his lips, should raise their right hands. Every hand was raised : the whole thousand took an oath that that oath should be their last. The Peoria Committee was organized immediately after the formation of the Peoria Camp. Prayer-meetings were held till the camp was broken up eighty in all. Fifteen thousand books and papers, and thirty thousand pages of tracts, were distributed. Here, as elsewhere, the evidence of the delegates was, that as long as they had good reading-matter to disseminate, as long as there was a library accessible to the men, so long order and discipline were easily maintained ; but that cards appeared when the books gave out, and that playing for amusement soon degenerated into gambling, and that one vice speedily brought the others in its train. The Army Committee of Louisville, with twenty thousand soldiers around them, found their means small compared with the work at hand. The central treasury afforded all the aid in its power enabling them to till a SUMMARY OF THE FIRST YEAR. 343 portion of the field. Sunday services were held in all the hospitals, and prayer-meetings in the camps around the city. Seven thousand books and papers, and thirty thousand pages of tracts, were distributed. The New York Committee was not ready for work during^ this year, the constant calls upon the purses of the citizens for other purposes causing a delay of some months. In regard to the facilities of the Christian Commission for accomplishing a great deal at small cost, the following facts appear: The delegates sent to the front, as well as those employed upon the home work, were, for the most part, clergymen, and gave their services freely. Ample means were secured in this way to distribute all the stores contributed, or purchased with moneys subscribed. Office-room, storage, the services of clerks and porters at the central office in Philadelphia, were all given by the chairman of the commis- sion, Mr. George H. Stuart, who also Devoted his own time and labor to the cause, without charge. The government and its officers furnished transporta- tion, passes, stores, and the use of ambulances. All railroads applied to gave free- passes to delegates, and all telegraph companies free transmission of business dispatches. The American Bible Society gave Testaments by the thousand; the American Tract Society furnished tracts literally by the mil- lion pages ; and the various publication societies and boards, countless num- bers of their numerous useful issues. The people gave money and stores. The following table of the first year's operations gives a comprehensive view of what was accomplished : Number of Christian ministers and laymen commissioned to minister, at the seat of war, to men on the field, and in camps and hospitals 356 Number of Christians actively working with the army committees in the home work 1,033 Meetings held with soldiers and sailors, in camps and hospitals, exclusive of those at the seat of war 3,945 Public meetings held on behalf of the soldiers and sailors 188 Bibles and Testaments distributed 102,560 Books (large and small) for soldiers, distributed 115,757 Magazines and pamphlets, religious and secular, distributed 34,653 Soldiers' and sailors' hymn and psalm books distributed 130,697 Papers distributed 384,781 Pages of tracts, &c., distributed 10,953,706 Temperance documents distributed 300,000 Libraries supplied to hospitals, &c 23 Boxes and barrels of stores and publications distributed 3,691 In the following table the money value of all contributions and services is given, as near as may be : 344 THE TRIBUTE BOOK/ Cash receipts at Central and Branch Offices $40,160 29 Value of stores and publications 142,150 00 " " delegates' services 21,360 00 " " Railroad facilities 13,680 00 " " Telegraph " 3,650 00 " " Scriptures furnished by the American Bible Society 10,256 00 Total $231,256 29 The second year opened with still brighter promises for the Christian Commission. The New York Committee was finally organized, and their plans were laid for a vigorous campaign. Their field of operations was set down thus : the vessels of war, the transports fitted out in the harbor, and the squadrons supplied from them that is, the bulk of the navy ; all the forts, camps, and hospitals around New York not otherwise cared for ; and the armies, camps and hospitals on the entire Atlantic coast. One hun- dred and fifty thousand men were embraced within this plan, one-tenth of them estimated to be in hospitals. The field of supply for the New York branch treasury was thus assigned : New York, Connecticut, and eastern New Jersey. The most imposing public meeting held in behalf of the commission took place in New York, February 9th, 1863, at the Academy of Music, under the presidency of Lieutenant-General Scott. The edifice was densely crowded. The audience were requested not to indulge in applause upon the entrance of the presiding officer. They might evince their respect by silently rising, thus testifying their veneration for a twice sacred cause sacred in its objects, and sacred in the day on which its claims were urged. This request was implicitly obeyed. The addresses made during the evening were in the highest degree impressive ; their influence was felt throughout the city and surrounding country ; and the New York Committee commenced their labors with 10,000 in the treasury, the result of this single meeting. During this year the commission had free transportation upon twenty thousand miles of railway, and sent and received unpaid dispatches over as many miles of wire. Ministers and laymen gave their services in greater numbers than before. The large hotels throughout the country opened their doors to the delegates, and spread their tables with the best before them, and made no charge. The rich contributed generously, and the offerings of the poor were perhaps more generous still, even if not so large. The churches, the aid societies, the children, were never more active ; collections were never more numerous, while no one grumbled at their frequency. Gifts were received from Americans abroad, and a helping hand was even extended AX APPEAL FOR ICE. 34o from missionaries in China, India, Turkey and Labrador. The soldiers made requisitions upon their regimental funds, and the subscription-book was even handed about on the decks of men-of-war, and deep down in the forecastle. The officers of the Pocahontas sent $44, and the crew $101.50. The Bible Society continued to furnish Testaments without stint and without price ; tract houses and publishers of religious papers gave large quantities of their pub- lications, and furnished others at cost. A GUNBOAT SUBSCRIPTION IN AID OF THE CHRISTIAN COMMISSION. The means adopted to reach the public ear were simple, and cost literally nothing. Now and then a public meeting, the sympathetic action of the churches, and the constant iteration of the daily press, unbought and free, constituted the sole machinery. Delegates returned from the field told their story from place to place, and never in vain. After the battle of Gettysburg, Messrs. Tobey and Demond, of the Boston Christian Association, sat at a table in the Merchants' Exchange, and received from persons who had been moved, but not personally solicited, $40,000. An appeal for ice for the sailors sweltering in iron-clads under the midsummer sun at Charleston, was circulated at the dinner-tables at Saratoga, under the auspices of Mr. Stuart and Governor Morgan of New York. Such an appeal, made where the adepts were cooling their champagne, and the unskillful were icing their claret where the refreshing crystal lay in capacious bowls, and where silver-capped 346 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. bottles were plunged up to their necks in tlie grateful refrigerant was not likely to pass unheeded, and it did not. In less than twenty-four hours, an order for $3,200 worth of ice had been telegraphed to Boston, and the cargo was on its way to the south. The city of Providence, where no aid had as yet been asked, contributed $7,000 in ten days. The town of Pottsville, in Pennsylvania, gave $3,000, and a generous donation of coal to soldiers' families. This coal, or the first instalment of it, three hundred tons, came without charge over the Reading Railroad. The Thanksgiving offerings of such churches as, in 1863, made their alms and oblations through the Christian Commis- sion, amounted to $90,000. At a single meeting at the Church of the Epiphany, in Philadelphia, $12,000 were contributed ; $9,000 were received from ordinary church collections during the year. The American Bible Society's contributions in copies of the Scriptures were of the money value of $45,000. The collections of the New York Army Committee amounted to no less a sum than $60,000, obtained principally by personal application, or from churches. The value of the three million tracts, papers, &c., distributed by the New York Committee, was over $27,000. Early in 1863, President Lincoln received the following letter : " DEAR PRESIDENT : " I hope you will pardon me for troubling you. Ohio is my native State, and I so much wish to send a trifle in the shape of a 5 Bank of England note, to buy Bibles for the poor, wounded soldiers of the North, which I hope they may read. "Yours, very respectfully, "MARY TALBOT SORLY, "Fircliff, Darby Dale, Derbyshire, England.'' This five pound note was sent by Mr. Lincoln to Mr. Stuart. The value of the contributions of all kinds to the Christian Commission during the year 1863, and the amount of work done, are given in the follow- ing tables : Cash received at the Central and Branch Offices $358,239 29 Value of stores contributed 385,829 07 " Scriptures contributed by the American Bible Society 45,071 50 " " " British and Foreign Bible Society 1,67779 " railroad facilities contributed 44,210 00 " telegraph " " 9,390 00 " delegates' services 72,420 00 Total.. $916,837 65 THE MARYLAND STATE FAIR. 347 Christian ministers and laymen commissioned to minister to men on battle-fields, and in camps, hospitals and ships 1,207 Copies of Scriptures distributed 465,715 Hymn and Psalm Books distributed 371,859 Knapsack Books distributed > 1,254,591 Library u " 39,713 Magazines and Pamphlets distributed 120,492 Religious Newspapers 2,931,469 Pages of Tracts " 11,976,722 Silent Comforters, &c., ' 3,285 Boxes forwarded 12,648 During its third year the Christian Commission held its only fair, an event which occurred in this wise : The first suggestion relative to a fair in Balti- more, was made by Mrs. C. J. Bowen in the spring of 1864, in a conversation with Mrs. Alex. Turnbull. The idea was, in the minds of these ladies, that it should be held for the benefit of the Sanitary Commission, but when submit- ted to Mrs. Alpheus Hyatt, was amended so as to admit the Christian Com- mission upon equal terms. In this form the proposition was laid before the Maryland Committee of the Commission, who regarded it with favor, and furnished all assistance in its power, and offering, as an earnest of its good- will, to become responsible for the necessary expenses of preparation. A meeting of ladies was called, and the Maryland State Fair Association organ- ized. The offices were at first filled by the appointment of ladies, but as the undertaking seemed somewhat too arduous to be confided to them alone, gen- tlemen were selected to assist them. The Board of Directors and the Execu- tive Committee were thus constituted : President, MKS. Gov. BRADFORD, assisted by WM. J. ALBERT. Treasurer, " ALPJIEUS HYATT, assisted by HENRY JANES. Recording Secretary, " CAMILLUS KIDDER, assisted by JAMES CAREY COALE. Corresponding Secretary, " ALMIRA LINCOLN PIIELPS, assisted by JAMES CAREY COALE. Joint Executive Committee. MRS. ALEX. TURNBULL, assisted by GEN. JOHN S. BERRY. " C. J. BOWEN, assisted by Jos. II. MEREDITH. " A. LINCOLN PIIELPS, assisted by GERARD T. HOPKINS. " WM. J. ALBERT, assisted by JAMES CAREY COALE. " ALPHEUS HYATT, assisted by THOS. J. MORRIS. " CAMILLUS KIDDER, assisted by GEO. GILDERSLEAVE. " JAMES D. MASON, assisted by JAMES W. TYSON. " JOHN S. BERRY, assisted by JAMES D. MASON. " CHAELES SPILCKER, assisted by REV. JOHN W. RANDOLPH. . 348 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Ladies' Committee on Reception, MRS. ROYAL T. CHURCH, Chairman. Finance Committee, Tiros. SWANX, Chairman. Committee on Fine Arts, GEO. B. COALE, Chairman. Committee on Rooms and Decorations, WOODWARD ABRAHAMS, Chairman. Committee on Order, SEBASTIAX F. STREETER, Chairman. Committee on Lectures, Hox. HUGH L. BOND, Chairman. The labor of preparation continued for several weeks, the difficulties and embarrassments which, under the most favorable circumstances, attend such enterprises, being, for obvious reasons, more numerous and formidable in Bal- timore than elsewhere. But the zeal of the ladies shone brightest under JlALTI.MOIiE PARALLELS. RESISTING THE SOLDIERS. APRIL 19lH, 1861. GIVING THE SOLDIERS AID AND COMFOKT, APRIL 19TII, 1864 discouragement, and the idea of failure, or even postponement, was never entertained. The fair opened on the appointed day. The Maryland State fair was held in the hall of the Maryland Institute, a long and narrow building, of capacity far greater than would appear at first sight. In this one building were the immense hall in which the fair proper was held, a Refectory, an Art Gallery, and a New England Kitchen. All was ready on the 18th of April, 1864, the third anniversary of the first spilling of blood in Baltimore after the fall of Sumter the President of the United States taking part in the ceremonies of inauguration. SOME BALTIMORE TABLES. 349 Pretty names the Baltimoreans had for their tables : for instance, the Union Slipper Circle. Here was a goddess of liberty, draped in the folds of Old Glory ; a flannel skirt worked in red, white and blue, by a Union lady of Charleston ; a bridal party of dolls on their way home from 'church ; a chess- table worked in beads ; the battle-flags of the Second and Third Maryland ; aprons made by soldiers ; leaves and flowers of wax, and iron-holders with appropriate mottoes. What motto can be appropriate for an iron-holder, you ask ? Why, "Polly, put the kettle on !" We all took tea down-stairs, in the New England Kitchen. Another pretty name for a table was the Cinderella. This was the resort of patrons of six and seven years. Here were dolls and doll-bedsteads, Quaker- esses for sale to Jew and pagan. At the Union Knitting Social Circle were piles of that species of finger and steel work which the war has fostered into the dignity of a manufacture. This trade keeps no books, however ; the assessor of the revenue makes no inquiries, and we shall never learn the dread- ful prosperity of those who plied the needle and the yarn. It is well to know, however, that if the demand was appalling, the supply kept pace with it Jacob's Well was a species of Spa, where home-brewed Kissingen and Vichy were dealt out by dainty cup-bearers to the cosmopolites, and the not more native soda-water was drawn for the cit. Lemonade, composed of lemon- juice and water from Swann Lake, and Adam's ale, the same beverage with- out the lemon-juice, were also constantly on tap. At the City Post-office none ever applied in vain. The mail had always just arrived, and, singular to say, none of the letters were prepaid. The pen- alty attached to receiving an unpaid letter is well known the post-office people charge you double, treble, an hundred-fold. It was disheartening, after having taken some pains to find the table of Anne Arundel in the conviction that, if Miss Arundel was as beautiful as her name, she must be fair indeed to discover that it was a county, and not a lady. Anne Arundel was aided by Charles, St. Mary's, and Calvert, and these were counties too. As these districts were classed as disaffected, their contributions were only the more interesting. A dispatch-post or parcels-delivery, managed by a Mrs. Eve, was so prompt and punctual in the discharge of its duties, that it was universally remarked. However, this was not astonishing, said a wit not a wag as Eve was made to be a match for Adam's Express Company. We believe we are not wrong in stating that this was the production of the gentleman who remarked that the first language spoken by babies was Grum Arabic. 350 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. At the upper end of the hall were the tables of the Central Union Eelief Association, of the ladies of which we have already had occasion to speak. They were the founders of the fair, and, in a great measure, its builders and architects besides. Their tables were sumptuously spread, and all were invited to partake of the good things set upon the board. Few resisted the call, and the tabular statement, some pages further on, gives the result in figures. The book and photograph table offered many attractions besides those of books and photographs. There were "busts of Milton, Patrick Henry, and Juno," meerschaums and Killikinnick, Rogers' Sharpshooters not an infringement of Colt's patent, but a group of Union soldiers Swiss scenes, queer boxes made of grains of corn, and other curiosities of literature, the arts, and ornamental gardening. The book-worm and the tobacco-worm might have met here upon neutral ground. Gifts from many cities and many lands had been gathered upon the Art Table. Photographs, autographs, and auto-photographs ; shells, mosses, ferns, pressed leaves ; paper-cutters, paper-weights, pictures, statuettes ; Union kisses for Union children; the House that Jack Built; Raphael's Hours; sewing- silk and neck-ties ; a nest of boxes ; a battle-piece by Landseer and coco- aine by Burnett; a landscape by Herring and cocoa by Baker; watches from Waltham, and an artistic pair of standard scales, in which the Presi- dent was weighed by Master Carson. The Talbot County table offered burr-boxes, framed insects, shingle fans carved by a hero of Gettysburg, a basket made of the shavings of a cow's horn perhaps the famous crumpled one of history a wreath of popped corn. Alleghany, Kent, Montgomery, Howard, Harford, Carroll, Frederick, Washington, and other counties, offered their best with willing and lavish hand. The New England Kitchen was organized and managed by eight ladies from Brooklyn, who revived on the soil of Maryland their triumphs in the County of Kings. Of course their amiable duties were performed in the midst of antiques that harmonized well with their own integuments. A cradle, two hundred years of age, old enough to have rocked upon the legend- ary tree-top, but too sound to have participated in the then impending crash ; chairs from the Mayflower ; a mug that had passed from the moss- covered bucket to the lips of Washington ; shovel and tongs from the Gov- ernment House at Annapolis; a mantel-piece and Bible from the Purviance House such was the setting of the Brooklyn ladies in Baltimore. RAFFLING IN BALTIMORE. 351 The fish-pond was a depth from which the angler pulled such prizes as by chance first caught his hook. It made little difference what bait disguised the barb, or with what skill the line was bobbed or trolled. The bachelor, were he a very Izaak Walton, would draw twin babies ; the clergyman, a har- lequin ; the married man, a latch-key ; the chambermaid, a fan. The Art Gallery was an admirable collection of paintings, in which nearly every American artist of reputation was worthily represented. It is always natural that a good picture should awaken admiration, but there were more natural reasons than one why McEntee's "Virginia" should be appreciated to the full in Maryland. Maryland might have been what Virginia is wasted, depopulated ; sunk from the mother of presidents into the daughter of desolation. The artist had sought, in his picture, to embody a description, in Childe Harold, of the dying of the Tree of Freedom : Thy tree hath lost its blossoms, and the rind, ChoppM by the axe, looks rough and little worth ; But the sap lasts and still the seed we find Sown deep even in the bosom of the North. So shall a better spring less bitter fruit bring forth. No objection was made to raffles at the Baltimore Fair, and numerous articles were disposed of by solemn appeal to the lot. What is with us known as the toss up, and what the French designate as the short-straw, was often the arbiter in cases which nothing else could decide. The bronze ball- player, Mr. Stewart's camel's hair shawl, the embroidered side-saddle, the saddle which was not a side-saddle, the marine telescope, the skeleton flowers under glass a happy acquisition for some one who, having no skeleton in his closet, naturally wanted one the mouchoir which was rough to excoriation with embroidery, except in the centre, where there was accommodation for a very small nose ; afghans, slippers, cigar-cases, the Headquarters of General Grant, statuettes all went as the dread decree prescribed. No one seemed to be deterred from these speculative investments by the memory of him to whom an elephant was adjudged by the self-same process. And, indeed, why should they ? Those who " see 1 ' the elephant are said to pay so dearly for the sight, that it might be profitable to keep one on view. Cake was raffled at a dollar a slice, ten gold rings, distributed through the dough by the impar- tial hand of the cook, giving to the baked and iced confection in its entirety, the value which really lay hidden in strata, or veins, or lodes. He who got the ring was the best man ; and gold at this period was one hundred and fifty. It is proper to state that one article at least was not raffled for ; plenty of gen- tlemen could get it without the mitten. 352 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. At the " "West and Newton and Harford County " table a presidential election was held, and it was probably the most corrupt that has ever dis- graced the annals of the suffrage. Votes were openly bought and sold ; the registry law if there was one was defied at high noon ; the influence of fractional currency was every where felt, and the result, whatever it was, was entirely due to the interference of cash. Voters held their privileges cheap ; a "tin cint bill" was the price of a vote. And yet philosophers, seeking for the Vox Dei, have declared it identical with the vox populi ! A confusion not less remarkable than that of the boy who, reading Ivanhoe on his way to the druggist's for a dose of nux vomica, asked, when there, for twelve drops of pax vobiscum. One hundred and ten dollars were produced by this scandal- ous device. The Cecil Kegister was a species of album in which the visitor could, for a small consideration, inscribe his name. As the register was to be deposited after the fair in a fire-proof edifice, the immortality promised to the signers will doubtless be obtained. Twelve hundred names will be thus preserved from the oblivion that awaits all others. Two evenings were devoted to tableaux, exhibitions of which were given at the New Assembly Booms. The programmes were as follows : FIRST EVENING. Henry the Eighth. Faith, Hope, and Charity. The Peasant's Courtship. Jane McCrea. Flora McDonald and Charles Edward. Before and after Marriage. The Dying Hero. Hope leaving Paradise to solace mankind. The Contest for the Standard. Judith and Holofernes. Joan Dare. SECOND EVENING. Good Queen Margaret. Moore's Beauties. Ivanthol. The Puritans embarking for America. The Landing of the Pilgrims. Lady Jane Gray. The Brilliant Orator. My Maryland. Our Flag. Rebecca and Rowena. Fame, Victory, Peace, Painting, Music. There were certain Baltimore merchants who dealt in articles that could not well be exhibited at the fair ; they were not deterred thereby, however, from offering them. Thus Messrs. Thompson & Neilson, who trafficked in the biphosphate of lime, laid aside eight barrels, each barrel containing two hundred and fifty pounds, which they were willing to bestow upon the cause. So farmers could purchase an order at the fair, and procure the lime at the warehouse. Biphosphate purchased in this way is said to possess a double proportion of fertilizing qualities. Orders for the article were sold we can- not say why at the confectionery table. A REMARKABLE GRAB-BAG. 353 If we liad never known before what the young people could do for the soldiers, Baltimore would have taught us. Masters Charles and Koland Turner, having collected fifteen dollars in small sums, in anticipation of the fair, expended it in the purchase of articles fit for stocking a grab-bag. With CHRISTIAN AND BANITABt TABUEAli: BRBECCA AND ROWKNA. the aid of three young men of their age, they administered the duties con- nected with this species of bag, and their fifteen dollars became two hundred and forty. The expenses were to the receipts as one to sixteen ; the expenses of the Metropolitan Fair were as one to eight. Had the success of the youths of the grab-bag attended their seniors of New York, the result would have been two millions instead of one. The Turner boys deserved their triumph, for the first cup of cold water offered to a soldier in Baltimore, was given by Master Eoland of that name. A distinctive feature of the Baltimore Fair was its newspaper the New Era. This title, at first glance, does not appear as appropriate as those of its predecessors the Drum Beat, the Knapsack, the Countersign, the Volunteer. But its great significance was shown in its daily publications of Parallel 23 354 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Thoughts, these for the New Era, those for the Old. The following extracts are to the point: " April 18th, 1861. Baltimore agitated all day ; boisterous processions of persons wearing secession cockades ; crowds gathered to insult United States and Pennsylvania troops; cheers given for Jefferson Davis, and groans and yells for Abraham Lincoln ; many Union men knocked down, and Union soldiers stoned." " April 18th, 1864. The opening of the Maryland State Fair ; a brigade of negro troops marched through the city on their way to Annapolis; the municipal government in the hands of tried Union men ; Maryland a free state ; land augmenting in value, and the population of Baltimore increased by twenty thousand in three years." "April 19th, 1861. The Unionists powerless; the city in the hands of the secessionists. Twenty-nine cars, laden with soldiers, arrived at the Phila- delphia Depot. Six were driven to Camden Station, amid yells and jeers. Cobble-stones, which had been taken up by the paviors, were hurled by the mob at the seventh, and every window was shivered. The eighth and ninth passed through a shower of missiles ; the tenth was driven back, the track being obstructed in some places and torn up in others. The troops now descended from the twenty remaining cars. These were the Sixth Massa- chusetts, Colonel Jones. Stones were thrown and two soldiers knocked down ; the mob swore that no Union troops should pass through Maryland. Soldiers prostrated were dragged away by Union men ; their muskets were seized by the rioters and discharged into the ranks. At Calvert Street the soldiers turned and fired a volley, which was effective and salutary. The mob was now swelled to six thousand men; they rifled the ammunition cars at the Philadelphia Station; telegraph wires were cut and bridges burned. The killed and wounded on both sides were not less than one hundred ; of the soldiers, three were killed and nine wounded." " April 19th, 1864. The Maryland State Fair for Union Soldiers success- ful beyond expectation ; the President of the United States a guest where but lately he was marked as the victim of foul play ; black soldiers marching through the streets urged by white survivors of Libby prison to remember Fort Pillow." The New Era pursued these parallels during the continuance of the fair, and they continued quite as striking up to the 30th of April. Its sales were heavy, being augmented by the labors of a large body of newsboys of both sexes, among them two heroes of the war, and three members of the Veteran 355 Eeserve. Two hundred and seventy-two advertisements, the greater part of which were charged five dollars for the season which opened and closed with the fair contributed to its success, and it finally sent in its balance sheet to the treasurer, and $1,300 besides. The following table gives a detailed statement of the receipts of the Mary- land State Fair: Cash contributions : $18,291 93 Sale of Tickets 15,585 75 Central Relief No. 1 $8.128 07 Central Belief No. 2 (Confectionery) l,67fi 39 Central Relief Art Table 1,513 51 Central Relief Children's Table 1,389 63 Central Relief New England Kitchen, including Grandma Downing's sales of sanitary yarn and Jeff. Davis cravats 2,859 91 15,567 51 "West and Newton and Harford County Associations $3,990 21 West and Newton and Harford County Fishing Pond 806 00 4,796 21 National Table 3,950 98 North Baltimore and West End 3,511 20 German 3,000 00 Baltimore County 2,819 97 East Baltimore Branch, Patterson Park Division 2,651 57 Madison Home Circle $1,168 90 Madison Home Jacob's Well 550 25 1,719 15 Carroll County 1,527 00 Frederick County 1,517 32 Washington County 1,393 45 Lunch Room 1,391 43 New Era 1,300 66 Howard County 1,217 50 Cecil County 1,048 90 Alleghany County 1,026 75 Anne Arundel, aided by Charles, Calvert, and St. Mary's 1,014 25 Union Social and Knitting Circle 920 60 Floral Temple 875 39 Union Slipper Circle 760 10 Talbot County 660 97 Dorchester and Somerset Counties 638 79 Montgomery County 551 00 Scotch Table, J. Needles & Son 500 00 Exhibition of Paintings 494 87 New England Table 440 50 Kent County 374 10 Strawbridge Circle 346 70 Tableaux 187 70 Umbrella Stand 170 20 Yacht . . 115 52 356 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Memberships $54 00 Curiosity Room 10 00 $90,431 ) Deduct expenses, say 10,431 96 Total net. $80,000 00 This sum was equally divided, according to agreement, between the San- itary and Christian Commissions. But the Christian Commission's share in the Baltimore Fair was a drop in the bucket, in comparison with its needs. The work of the winter of 1863-64 had drawn heavily upon its resources, and the calls which came with the spring for battle-field stores soon emptied the treasury, or at least left it without a dollar more than was necessary to meet obligations already incurred. The great fairs for the Sanitary Commission were either in progress or in prepara- tion, in Brooklyn, New York, Philadelphia, and the Christian Commission seemed to be forgotten in the interest which they excited. This state of things, however the work threatened with suspension for want of means brought the matter home to thousands who had never before been interested in it, and, upon the publication of an appeal in the papers, the offers of money and stores were renewed, and the commission was enabled to proceed. Con- tributions were not only made by individuals, but by corporations, by railway and banking companies, and the commission was urged, in letters received from far and near, and even from the Pacific coast, to send out persons to tell the story of its work, and receive the contributions which such a narrative would certainly induce. " Besides these and other manifestations," we read in the Third Annual Eeport, " two plans of national breadth were proposed, entirely distinct, by persons separated by the Alleghanies, and by equal extremes of church com- munion, but with hearts beating in unison for the cause of Christ and the soldier. One plan was that of a national subscription, with the aim of raising half a million of dollars. The other was that of Ladies' Christian Commis- sions, with the object of enlisting all evangelical congregations in an organized system of contributions and work. The first promised instant and ample aid in the great emergency ; the second proposed a steady increase for future ex- panded operations." The suggestion of a national subscription came from a western merchant, and was accompanied by a check for $5,000. A public meeting, called to further this scheme, was held in the Church of the Epiphany, in Philadelphia, SOURCES OF SUPPLY. 357 early in May. Bishop Mcllvaine presided, and addresses were made by him, by the Kev. E. M. Kirk, and Mr. Tobey, of Boston, the Rev. Jos. T. Duryea, Bishop Simpson, and others. The sums received in money, checks, pledges, &c., during the evening was close upon $49,000. No larger siim has ever been raised at any one meeting held in the United States during the war. Large as it was, it was afterwards notably increased. A similar meeting was held in Pittsburgh in June; and though the Pitts- burgh Sanitary Fair was in progress, $22,000 were received upon the plates, and this was more than doubled the next day. The Thanksgiving offerings in Western Pennsylvania were over $20,000. The collections of the Boston Committee during the year were nearly $165,000 in money, and $250,000 in stores, contained in two thousand one hundred and five packages. Mr. Tobey set up his desk in the Merchants' Exchange, after the battle of the Wilder- ness, as he had done the year before, after the battle of Gettysburg. The New York Committee collected about $103.000 ; and at one of its meetings rings and watches were placed upon the collection plates. The other plan suggested, that of making every church organization in the country an auxiliary commission, came from a clergyman in charge of a large city parish. The principal points were : organization in each evangel- ical congregation ; an annual membership, embracing all ages and both sexes ; an annual fee of one dollar for each member; the solicitation of clothing, and the preparation of food. This plan was introduced to the public at a meeting held in Concert Hall, Philadelphia, the evening after that held in the Church of the Epiphany. A committee of a hundred ladies was appointed to carry out the plan in the city, and to memorialize the women of the nation. The memorial prepared by them was published in the religious papers, and a small pamphlet was issued containing the outlines of the plan. This scheme, how- ever, required time, and though it yielded considerable sums, never reached the extension it would otherwise have done, on account of the evidently approaching end of the rebellion. The Christian Commission had often been urged to send representatives to the Pacific coast, and such a mission was now determined upon. The Revs. Dr. Patterson and Mr. Mingins sailed early in the year, entertaining some doubt, however, whether they would be heard. California was suffering severely from drought, which had affected not only agriculture, but all opera- tions in the mines ; mining stocks had fallen heavily in value, and, moreover, large sums had been given in aid of the soldier's cause, through the Sanitary Commission. But the Californian ear is never closed to appeals like those 358 TUP: TRIBUTE BOOK. now made ; the Golden Gate lies ever open, or if, by chance, it is shut, the open sesame is easily said and readily heard. Three meetings were held in ten days, and $10,000 in gold received. The Pacific Christian Commission was formed, with -J. B. Roberts as chairman ; also, the Ladies' Christian Com- mission of the Pacific, Mrs. Colonel Bowman, and afterwards, Mrs. Mary E. Keeney, president. The ladies of San Francisco held a fair for the commission, which yielded over $50,000 in currency. Festivals were held at Stockton, Sacramento, Napa, and other places ; money, in several localities, was given at the polls ; auxiliaries were established in Oregon and Nevada. At the close of the year 1864, the commission had received from the Pacific coast over $117,000, and had been notified that $5,500 was on its way from the Sandwich Islands. The following tables give summaries of the total receipts, and of the work and distribution for the third year of the commission 1861: Cash receipts of Central and Branch offices $1,207,755 28 Hospital stores contributed 1,1*69,508 37 Publications contributed 33,084 38 Bibles and Testaments presented by the American Bible Society 72,114 83 Value of volunteer delegates' services 169,920 00 Value of railroad, steamboat, and other transportation facilities 106,765 00 Value of telegraph facilities, from Maine to California 26,450 00 Value of rents of warehouses and offices given without charge to the com- mission 6,750 00 Total values for 1864 $2,882,347 86 GENERAL SUMMARY OF WORK AND DISTRIBUTION FOR 1864. Value of stores distributed $1,714,261 85 Value of publications distributed $446,574 26 Value of stationery distributed $24,834 71 Value of 205 chapels and chapel tents erected during last winter and the present, in the various armies $114,359 78 Boxes of hospital stores and publications distributed during the year 47,103 Copies of Bibles and Testaments and portions of Scriptures distributed during the year 569,594 Copies of hymn and psalm books distributed during the year 489,247 Copies of knapsack books distributed during the year 4,326,676 Copies of bound library books distributed during the year . 33,872 Copies of magazines and pamphlets distributed during the year 346,536 Copies of religious, weekly, and monthly newspapers distributed during the year 7,990,758 Pages of tracts 13,681,342 Copies of Silent Comforters, &c 3,691 Delegates commissioned during the year 2,217 Aggregate number of days of delegates' service 78,869 LABORS OF THE DELEGATES. 359 Average number of delegates constantly in the field during the year 217 Number of delegates, in the field, January 1, 1865 276 Balance of cash on hand at the central office, January 1, 1865 $5,420 12 Balance on hand at all the offices $116,315 71 The above figures show a very large increase in the resources, and, conse- quently, in the usefulness of the commission, over those for the previous years. This is ascribed to four causes : 1st, to the testimony of the soldiers, some of whom, at home on furlough or sick leave, told their story, personally, dwelling on the benefits they had received, and all of whom, apparently, had written letters, the commission having furnished them, during the year, with paper and envelopes for five millions ; 2d, the testimony of returned delegates, to whose evidence, obtained in this voluntary, unpaid service, none could listen unmoved ; 3d, to the emergencies of the year ; and 4th, to the fact, which has been mentioned, that the empty treasury appealed with irresistible effect to many who would not have contributed to well -filled coffers. A few words, now, upon the work accomplished during the year. The whole number of delegates sent out was two thousand two hundred and seventeen, the average number in the field at one time being two hundred and seventeen. Many of these were ministers, lawyers, physicians, merchants, and all were men of character and ability. They were unpaid ; the cost of each man's outfit and maintenance, at the charge of the commission, being at the rate of $319 a year. None were sent who could not agree to remain at least six weeks in the service. They were principally useful in relief work, being supplied with whatever was necessary to meet the emergencies of the field. But they discharged numerous other duties. They distributed tracts, Bibles, and reading-matter generally, and in this connection the remarkable statement is made, that the most urgent cry from the army has always been for the Scriptures, and that the supply has never kept pace with the demand. In consequence of this, it was proposed by the American Bible Society to divide the army, for the work of Scripture distribution, into three fields : Eastern, Western, and Southern, with a superintendent for each, paid by the Bible Society, subsisted by the commission. This proposition was accepted and carried out Other labors of the delegates were those of writing letters for the disabled and dying at their dictation, or of sending home information concerning the dead; of transmitting messages and mementoes; of keeping records concerning burial, and of registering and conveying intelligence upon innumerable matters, which, without them, must have been lost. Then, there was their direct work of 360 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. preaching, praying with the sick, holding religious services, and administering the last rites. ' Their influence for good to the soldiers " this we can readily believe " cannot be understood by those who have not themselves witnessed it. Coming fresh from home, in citizens' dress, full of home sympathies, with physical energy unworn, zeal strengthened by knowledge that their stay must be short, and that the soldiers' peril is great ; having every facility for their work, chapels to preach in, stores and publications to distribute, quarters at the best possible centres, wagons and teams and battle-field supplies to go with when the army moves and fights, and, withal, having the men for whom they labor impressed in advance with the fact, that what they do is not done for pay, nor as professional duty, but for the love they bear to them and to Christ their influence could not but have unwonted power, and their labor a value above price." ARMY CORPS CHAPEL, NEAR PKTHKSBCBG. The first experience of chapel work, on a large scale, in the army, was made early in this year. Chapel tents were set up at all the stations of the commission, and competent men were appointed to serve in them. The com- mission furnished canvas chapel roofs to every brigade that was willing to put up log walls to support it. It then supplied them with stores, Bibles, and hymn-books, and delegated men to assist the chaplains in the service. At this time one hundred chapels were open for daily worship, and in some of them services were held three times a day. DIET KITCHENS. 361 As winter approached, these chapels were increased both in number and size. One hundred and forty many of them really beautiful constructions were in constant use at the close of the year. They were filled every evening by an earnest and respectful throng ; and on Sundays, service succeeded ser- vice till the officiators were compelled, by sheer exhaustion, to desist. The work performed at the stations of the commission was varied and arduous. A delegate would start in the morning with an armful of papers and books, and making his way to some regiment or battery, perhaps a mile distant, distribute the contents of his pack. He would seek out the sick, and strive to give him just the thing he needed, whether sympathy, prayer, crea- ture-comforts, or reading-matter. He would invite all the men he saw to attend the evening meeting, or would propose the holding of a special open- air service, if desired. By personal conversation with the soldiers, he would often succeed in guiding their thoughts into unwonted channels, appealing to their better nature against the sins which beset them. " By no possible array of figures or statistics," we read, " can the influence of these winter stations be exhibited. None can ever know how much of sin they have prevented ; how many despondent, doubting Christians have been encouraged and strength- ened ; how many seeds of Divine truth, sown in hearts seemingly unmoved, were destined some future day to bring forth perfect fruit. None can reckon the value of that comfort given to the faithful soldier, who, in his hard pil- grimage, gained, in these tents of prayer, the Delectable Mountains, and caught a view of the Celestial City." A Special Diet Kitchen service was organized during this year, and was put fully in operation in the West, while a good beginning was made in the East. The conditions were these : that the Special Diet Kitchens should be kept apart from the general kitchens of the hospitals, and that they should supply the low-diet patients only; that they should be controlled and supplied by the medical authorities, the commission furnishing whatever the government did not ; and that they should be superintended by women, professed Chris- tians, selected and subsisted by the commission. Mrs. Anne Wittenmyer, of Iowa, was made General Superintendent, and her first report contains much interesting information. After stating the difficulties of obtaining delicate cooking for the very sick in a general hospital, she says, speaking of the superintendents under the new system : " The preparation of food and the management of kitchen affairs are made their business and study ; and all that can be done, in co-operation with sur- geons, to meet the demands of a feeble or capricious appetite, is done by them. 362 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Regular diet lists, or bills of fare, are prepared and furnished to each ward surgeon, who, when he makes his daily round among the sick, is expected to prescribe their diet with as much care as he does their medicine. " All the patients in the hospital, who are not in a condition to go to the general table, or eat the food prepared in the general kitchens, have their meals ordered by the ward surgeons from the special diet kitchen. These diet lists, or orders, are returned to the diet kitchen, where the food is prepared in such variety and quantity as are embraced in the orders. The ladies charged with the responsible duty of superintending the preparation of diet and the general management of the diet kitchens, are given every facility by the sur- geons, and are provided with all the help they need. Soldiers incapacitated for active field duty are mostly detailed for this purpose. " The ladies (there are usually two connected with each kitchen) personally supervise the preparation and seasoning of every article of food, and are care- ful to see it go out to the wards, suitably prepared, and in sufficient quantity. Twenty-four diet kitchens on this plan are now in successful operation. They are kept perfectly clean and neat, are well furnished and supplied with stores, and every thing connected with the work is conducted in a systematic and orderly manner." Chaplain Thomas, of the Army of the Cumberland, had been detailed from his regiment by General Thomas, to act as reading-agent for the army. Ob- taining a valuable idea from the " Loan Libraries" of the " American Seamen's Friend Society," and laying certain views before the Christian Commission, he elaborated a scheme which the commission enabled him to carry out. The following details of this will be found interesting : Sixty book-cases were made at government expense, by order of General Thomas, and the War Department agreed to furnish two hundred and forty more. These were three feet square, and eight inches deep ; the corners were dove-tailed and bound with iron. Each case contained four shelves, and its two panel doors fastened by lock and key ; its strength was such that it might be hurled from a precipice and be found unharmed at the foot. A catalogue and register accompanied each case, which contained one hundred and twenty- five volumes, labelled, numbered, and covered. At the close of the year, twenty-five of these libraries had been placed in different hospitals, and the books had been bought for one hundred and seventy-five more. There were at this time eighty thousand men in the permanent hospitals of the country. The plan proposed the supplying of the hospitals first, and the army, active and afloat, if possible, afterwards. Several publishing houses furnished the BOOKS AND MAGAZINES FOR THE ARMY. 363 books at half price, which was, in some cases, less than cost. Adams' Express conveyed the books first, and the libraries next, free. No library was put into a hospital unless some responsible person, a chaplain or surgeon, or other official, would agree to take charge of it and to forward a monthly report : this to consist of two parts, a statistical table and illustrative incidents. The table was to show how many times each volume had been drawn, and the incidents were to contain such expressions of opinion about it as the librarian might be able to collect. A LAV DELEGATE IN TUB HOStl'lTAU Another idea of Chaplain Thomas, that of supplying the Army of the Cumberland with magazines, was adopted by the commission in April. Thirty-five thousand copies of various periodicals were purchased during the year, and sold in the depths of Tennessee and Georgia at the price they had cost in New York. Each magazine bore a label stating that it had been bought at wholesale rates, transported free by Adams' Express, and would be sold at the rooms, and by the distributors of the Christian Commission, at cost, to the army and navy only. A rule of the commission, that " lives of pirates and highwaymen must be thrown out as bad," in making selections of books, led Chaplain Thomas, as he himself relates, into a singular act. He met a soldier with a pile of twenty-five cent novels, of which he was endeavoring to dispose among his fellow-soldiers. He acknowledged that it would doubtless grieve his parents to know that he was peddling such trash, an item of it being the "Ked Eover," by one James Fenimore Cooper, 364 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. whose works are not generally considered pernicious. The soldier was induced to exchange his pack for a batch of " Littell's Living Age," " Eclectic Maga- zines," and " Pitman's Manuals of Phonography," works which are probably no more deleterious in the camp than they are in the grove. Chaplain Thomas was doubtless deceived by a title which, in our day, would be called "sensational, "and besides, the Eover was in bad, very bad company; a Dick Turpin on each side of him, a Pirate's Son on Dick's either hand, with every now and then a Eed King and a Flying Artillerist. Thus surrounded, the Pilgrim's Progress, even, might have passed for some immoral book of travels, and been indignantly laid one side, together with The Bloody Cart- Wheel and The Phantom Bride. The Maryland Committee of the Christian Commission did a great work during this year, incited thereto by the Kev. Andrew B. Cross, of Baltimore. The dust at City Point, during the summer, was absolutely stifling. This, which was annoying in the camp, was almost unendurable in the hospital the tents and buildings of which covered forty acres. The cooking utensils, the food, the faces of the patients, were coated with dust. Water could not be obtained in sufficient quantities to lay the fiend and supply the hospital. A well was dug through the quicksand ; the government placed two engines by the river-side to force water up the bluff, but the relief obtained was slight. The Rev. Mr. Cross applied to Mayor Chapman, of Baltimore, for the loan of one of the steam fire-engines of the city. The request was granted, and an engine, with two thousand feet of hose, was at once conveyed to City Point. By means of this, not only was the dust effectually laid, but the hospital was supplied with pure water from the middle of the Appomatox, the government giving some hundreds of casks in which to hoard it. Steam had never yet been pressed into more grateful service. The commission was enabled to introduce into the army, by the liberality of Mr. Jacob Dunton, of Philadelphia, an establishment invented and built by him, and called a Cooking Wagon. This affair had four wheels, the two in front separating from those behind, as a cannon parts with its limber. It had boilers, furnaces, a fuel-box, a chest for provisions and utensils, a driver's seat above in front, and three smoke-stacks. It cooked first for the flying hospitals, afterwards for the men under fire. It once served a whole division with hot coffee to the sound of the enemy's guns. Here were coffee and pistols, but for more than two. The following table gives the aggregate value of the three years' receipts, to January 1, 1865, of the Christian Commission : 31,296 32 72,114 83 TOTALS FOR THREE YEARS. Value of Receipts. 1S62. 1S63. ISfri. Cash receipts at central and branch offices $40,1(50 29 $358,239 29 $1,297,755 28 Value of stores received by cen- tral and branch offices 142,150 00 385,829 07 1,169,508 37 Value of publications presented to central and branch offices. . . Value of Scriptures from Amer- ican Bible Society 10,256 00 45,071 50 Value of Scriptures from British and Foreign Bible Society 1,677 79 Value of 29,801 hymn-books presented by Army Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association, Boston Value of delegates' services 21,360 00 72,420 00 Value of railroad, steamboat, and other transportation facilities 13,680 00 44,210 00 Value of telegraph facilities from Maine to California 3,650 00 9,390 00 Value of rents of warehouses and offices presented to the commission . . 365 Totals. $1,696,154 86 1,697,487 44 31,296 32 127,442 33 1,677 79 1,788 06 169,920 00 1,788 06 263,700 00 106,765 00 164,655 00 26,450 00 39,490 00 6,750 00 6,750 00 Totals $231,256 29 $916,837 65 $2,882,347 86 $4,030,441 80 These figures tell but a halting story, however; and the supplementary data, at the close of the volume, for the last few months of the war, will not add much to their eloquence. The true significance of an enterprise thus feebly sketched will not be set down by any mortal penman ; the theme is one too lofty for earthly records. Doubtless there are, though removed from human eyes, tabular views kept in another way and for other ends ; and when the scroll is unrolled, those permitted to read it will see that where we write Dollars, the recording angel has written Immortal Souls. CHAPTEE X. & HE effort on the part of the friends of the negro race in the North to fit him for the responsibilities of freedom, began as soon as the operations of the army and navy opened the way/ The capture of Port Royal and Beaufort, by Flag-Officer Dupont and General Sherman, brought some eight thousand slaves, men, women, and children, within the United States lines, in the State of South Carolina. But there was a sharper need to be first relieved, however, than that of education ; the negroes, having passed so suddenly from slavery to freedom, were in the most abject misery, and were absolutely in a per- ishing condition. It was indispensable to commence by feeding the hungry and clothing the naked ; tins done, it might be possible to regenerate the now THE NEW ENGLAND FREEDMEX'S AID SOCIETY. 367 enfranchised people, to reorganize labor, to open schools and churches, and to make a beginning towards training the freedmen in habits of honesty and self- reliance. The first society formed with these objects in view was " The New Eng- land Freedmen's Aid Society." This association had its origin in Boston, at the house of the Rev. Jacob M. Manning, in response to an appeal from Mr. E. L. Pierce, United States agent for the liberated slaves of Port Royal. An organization was effected on the 7th of February, 1862. the following officers being appointed : President, His EXCELLENCY JOHN A. ANDREW. Vice- Presiden ts, REV. JACOB M. MANNING, RET. J. F. CLARKE, D. D., REV. EDWARD E. HALE, HON. JACOB SLEEPER, REV. J. W. PARKER, D. D., REV. T. B. THAYER, RKV. F. D. HTNTINGTON. Treasurer, Recording Secretary, WILLIAM ENDICOTT, JUN. EDWARD ATKINSON. Committee on Finance. EDWARD ATKINSON. WM. ENDICOTT, JUN., MARTIN BRIMMER, WM. I. BOWDITCH, JAMES T. FISIIEK, JAMES M. BARNARD. Committee on Teachers. LoRING LOTHKOP. GfiO. B. EMERSON, Miss H. E. STEVENSON. DR. L. B. RUSSELL, MRS. ANNA LOWELL. REV. C. F. BARNARD. Committee on Clothing and Supplies. MKS. J. A. LANE, MRS. WM. B. ROGERS, MRS. SAMUEL CABOT. GEO. ATKINSON, EDWARD JACKSON. An appeal was forthwith issued to the people of New England for money and clothing, and the answer was so prompt that the society was at once able to commence the forwarding of supplies, and soon afterwards to dispatch thirty-one teachers and superintendents. The office of these teachers was not altogether to " teach" in the ordinary sense that is, to set the pupil a lesson, to see that he learned it, and then to hear him recite it. Some of them never entered a school-house. The negro had quite as much to unlearn as to learn. All the teachings of slavery were to be wiped away. He needed a knowledge 368 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. which lay far behind the alphabet ; his poverty in book-learning was not his worst deficiency. He needed lessons of industry, of domestic management, of thrift, of truth, of honesty matters in which he had been wilfully led astray. And in these things the teachers commissioned by the society were amply fitted to give instruction, not only by precept, but by example. During the first three years the association employed two hundred and twenty teachers, three quarters of them women. The first went to Port Eoyal, as we have said ; as the field was extended, and as the government began to aid the society by giving its delegates transportation, shelter, and army rations, others were sent to Washington, Alexandria, Newbern, Norfolk, St. Helena, Jacksonville, Edisto Island, Savannah, and Charleston. The association thought best to concentrate its efforts upon these points, and to leave other stations to societies situated in their own more immediate neighborhood. The effect of the three years' work upon the negroes of Port Eoyal is marked, and at this late day no one cares to question or deny it. "They have made wonderful progress in knowledge and comfort, in manners and morals. They are self-supporting ; they are prosperous ; they are valuable producers; they are profitable customers; and one out of three of the whole population has received more or less instruction in the schools." In the Third Annual Eeport of the society is the following excellent point, excellently made : " We have hinted at a comparison between the negro freedman, as respects industry, and the Italian peasant. Suppose that we should read in the Journal of the Friends of Italy, this : " It is only three years since the drawbacks on Italian national industry have been removed, and here are a few facts. The sales last year to people recently common day-laborers at San Felice (not St. Helena) amounted to fifty-six thousand scudi, and lately at a sale at Velletri (not Beaufort) the same class of people bought, with their earnings, from seventy-five to eighty houses, costing in the aggregate about $40,000. What an argument for the new over the old system would be further statements like these : Tomaso Pelucci (not black Harry) sold last year $1,358 worth of cotton, besides rais- ing corn, pork, and potatoes enough for his family ; and Grennaro Scapi, ex- contadino (not Kit Green, ex-slave), sold his cotton for $4,100. The industry and practical efficiency of no class of men, whether white or black, can be measured by what they have done under an oppressive rule, with none of the incitement which comes only from free institutions." It might be added to this, that the records of the War Department show THE NATIONAL FREEDMEN^ RELIEF ASSOCIATION. 369 that the government has aided more whites than blacks, during the war, by forty thousand. ' ' The monetary and supply statistics of the society are as follows, in round numbers : Money received in 1862 $16.400 00 Value of goods received in 1862 20,000 00 Money received in 1863 18,500 00 Value of goods received in 1863 20,000 00 Money received in 1864 36,000 00 Value of goods received in 1864 25,000 00 Total. $135,900 00 New England contributed nearly the whole of these supplies, and Massa- chusetts three quarters of the money. Besides this, it will be remembered, as stated in our account of the Western Sanitary Commission, that Chaplains Fiske and Fisher collected $40,000 in money and clothing, in New England, for the freedmen of the Southwest. We may also state that $9,000 were obtained in Boston for the Eoanoke Colony, and that New England has fur- nished the National Freedmen's Relief Association of New York with a large portion of its supplies. The society just mentioned, the National Freedmen's Relief Association, originated at a meeting held in New York, on the 22d of February, 1862. Like the New England Society, its first object was to relieve the freedmen of Port Royal and vicinity. Its first officers were as follows : President, FRANCIS GEORGE SHAW. Corresponding Secretary, Recording Secretary, REV. O. B. FROTHINGHAM. GEORGE CABOT WARD. Treasurer, JOSEPH B. COLLINS. Finance Committee, GEORGE CABOT WARD, JOSEPH B. COLLINS, CHARLES C. LEIGH. Executive Committee, C. C. LEIGH, CHARLES COLLINS, REV. HENRY J. Fox, WM. GEO. HAWKINS, Secretary. Advisory Committee, S. H. TTNG, D. D., WM. C. BRYANT. Law Committee, WM. ALLEN BUTLER, EDGAR KETCHUM. 24. 370 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. The objects of the society thus formed were stated in an appeal to the pub- lic for the means with which to carry them out, as follows : " 1st. To relieve the sufferings of the freedmen, as they come within our army lines, by clothing the ragged and naked, furnishing hospitals and medi- cine for the sick, asylums for the orphans, and shelter for the houseless, and aiding in the erection of hundreds of cabins. " 2d. To aid in placing the freedmen in positions of self-sustenance, by procuring them employment, furnishing them agricultural implements and seeds, giving them instruction in the best modes of cultivation, and encourag- ing the mechanic by furnishing tools and stock to the carpenter, blacksmith, and shoemaker. " 3d. To establish and sustain schools at all points in the South, where it is safe to do so, for the education of the freedmen and their children ; day- schools for children and youth, night-schools for adults, industrial schools to teach the women to cut and make clothes for themselves and families, and Sunday-schools for religious instruction. "4th. Relief to be also furnished to suffering white loyal refugees, to the extent of the means contributed for this specific object" At a later date, the society said of itself and its labors : " It has been no part of the work of this association to inquire into causes, or to speculate on the future of the negro. We find him naked, and we clothe him ; ignorant, and we instruct him ; without employment, and we give him the materials to earn a livelihood. We find him wounded and bleed- ing by the wayside, left half dead by thieves who have robbed him of all he possessed ; ours is to bring him to the inn at Jerusalem, and take care of him." The work thus laid out has been faithfully done, as far as the means placed at the society's disposal has enabled it to go. The progress of the war soon brought two millions of enfranchised men, women, and children within the United States lines. Kept ignorant, almost brutalized, in time of peace, they had been set free, and placed in a position to test their capacity for freedom, by war. All were necessarily degraded, though in various degrees. The old, the infirm, the children, were in a state of utter destitution. The husbands and fathers enlisted by thousands in the armies of their coun- try, leaving, of course, their families in a state of dependence. Here was the field in which this society and its kindred associations had to labor. How to obtain the two great requisites for a successful beginning money and clothing was, of course, the first and the vital question. This seemed SOURCES OF SUPPLY. 371 already answered in the experience of the Sanitary Commission, and the much older practice of the Bible, Tract, and Missionary Societies by means of local, town, and village auxiliaries. These local societies should canvass exhaustively their own districts, soliciting old clothing from those who could not give money, and money from those who had no clothing. This scheme, carried into effect, principally in New England, gave the National Association, in three years, over $400,000 in cash and stores. This was collected from all the free states and territories ; from England, Ireland, Scotland, and Canada, THE IDEAL FREKDMAN.* Without going into details, for which we have not space, we may say, gen- erally, that partly by the efforts of this society, partly by those of kindred associations, very considerable districts of the South have been reorganized and reconstructed. " In the Sea Islands of South Carolina, where the experi- ment was first made, and where the subjects were the least promising, large * From a statuette, by J. Q. A. Ward. 372 THE TRIBUTE BOOK herds of imbrnted slaves have been converted into orderly communities of law- abiding freemen. Under a system of elementary instruction improvised for their benefit, blank ignorance has given place to comparative intelligence, chattel slaves have become landed proprietors, black men are tilling the soil on their own account, agriculture has received a new impulse, and Trade has added materially to the number of her customers." The New York Society had, at the date of its last report, one hundred and thirty-five teachers in the field, and was supporting four orphan asylums and four industrial schools. A society, having the same objects in view as those of the two associa- tions just mentioned, was organized in Philadelphia, on the 5th of March, 1862, under the name of The Port Koyal Eelief Committee. This was subse- quently changed to that of " The Pennsylvania Freedmen's Eelief Association/' This society had, at a recent date, acknowledged the receipt of $61,000 in money, expended in the purchase of supplies, in the erection and support of hospitals, and in the establishment and maintenance of sixteen schools, taught by thirty-eight teachers ; had purchased property and erected build- ings in Washington for a residence for teachers, a store for the receipt and distribution of goods for the poor, an industrial school for instruction in cutting and sewing, and a normal school for training advanced and promising scholars as teachers. It had founded two important auxiliary societies in Pittsburgh and Maryland, the former of which obtained $5,000 in the first few hours of its existence. The Orthodox Friends' Association of Philadelphia, founded in Novem- ber, 1863, had, at a recent date, received $130,000, of which $30,000 were contributed by Friends in England. They had twenty-two teachers at work, had opened two stores in Virginia, with a capital of $8,000 loaned without interest, for the purpose of furnishing goods to the freedmen at or near cost. In seven months the sales had been about $110,000. They had under their care an orphan house for girls at Hampton, Virginia; had sent out persons to give instruction in agricultural pursuits, and had given away, lent, or sold for less .than their value, large numbers of farming-tools, mechanics' instru- ments, and seeds. The Hicksite Friends' Association had received $10,000 up to the same date, and had expended it in aiding the freedmen. The Northwestern Freedmen'' s Aid Society of Chicago received in its first fifteen months, ending March, 1865, $137,000 in money and stores ; $10,000 of the cash receipts were earned by a Freedmen's Fair. THE BIRD'S-NEST BANK OF KALAMAZOO. 373 There axe other societies laboring in behalf of the freedmen those of Cincinnati; of the District of Columbia; of "Worcester, Massachusetts; of Concord, New Hampshire. The associations of New York and Boston have branches throughout the New England and Northwestern States. Two foreign societies have been liberal in their contributions to the work the Freedmen's Aid Society of London, and the Union and Emancipation Society of Man- chester. A more harmonious and united action has always been desired by the various societies above mentioned ; seeking but one object, they might natu- rally expect greater success to follow a concentration of their efforts. At one period, five of them agreed to come together, to form the " United States Commission for the Eelief of the National Freedmen." At another, three of them united to form the " American Freedmen's Aid Union." The first object of the latter was stated to be to aid the black man ; its ultimate end to benefit the state. A better nucleus around which to cluster has now been presented by the government, in the Freedmen's Bureau lately established by Congress, and superintended by Major-General Oliver Otis Howard. There would seem to be no reason why the freed men's relief associations, which, from the nature of their mission and the extent of their work, must still continue to exist, should not supplement the operations of this bureau the creation of which they have always desired precisely as the Sanitaiy Commission has supple- mented those of the medical staff. We must make room for one instance, out of thousands, of the sacrifices by which these associations have been maintained. It is furnished by the Boston Freedmen's Eecord : " One friend who, for a third of a century, has, with her pen, instructed the free and pleaded for the slave, and whose income is about $800 per annum sent to this office, last winter, $200 for the freedmen. In the spring, the same liberal hand brought $50. In the summer, an engraving of one of Raphael's Madonnas was given to her. Its beauty would have gladdened her heart, had she hung it on the wall of her simple home in Middlesex County ; but, with characteristic generosity, she brought the gift, so precious to her refined taste, to be sold by the Committee on Teachers, for the benefit of the freed people. And now, again, the same tireless liberality has sent us this month $100 more." And we must relate the story of the Bird's-Nest Bank of Kalamazoo, no matter what other story is, in consequence, excluded. The dollars deposited in this bank are not numerous, but there is a fund of another sort there, and ORIGIN OF THE BIRD 8-NE8T 374 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. it would be difficult for any sufferer to overdraw his account. The story runs as follows : A collection of Sabbath-school children, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, were, and doubtless still are, in the habit of meeting together in their chapel, called the Bird's-Nest, on Sunday. In February, 1864, a soldier from the First Michigan Cavalry, encamped near by, entered the chapel, sat down, and list- ened. When the plate was passed around, he put in his penny, saying, "Here is a penny I found in the bottom of my pocket, and it won't grow there ; now I want to deposit it with the ' Bird's-Nest,' and see if it will grow THERE." The teacher took the penny, held it up, and repeated what the soldier had said, adding, " Now we must see if we can put this into a go j^ where it can take root and grow." The penny was immediately purchased for ten cents by the mother of one of the children, and, as additions were, from time to time, made to the fund thus commenced, it was determined to select some good object which the growth of the penny should benefit. The following resolutions were soon after passed : "Whereas, a soldier of the First Michigan Cavalry deposited with the ' Bird's-Nest,' in February, 1864, a penny for growth, the following rules will be observed in carrying out this object : " I. This enterprise shall be called the Bird's-Nest Bank. " II. Any person becomes a stockholder in this bank by paying ten cents to the teacher, and will receive a certificate for the same. "III. Eight tenths of all moneys received from the sale of stock will be used for the education of freedmen, and two tenths for the benefit of the Bird's-Nest, under the direction of the teacher." The children of the school now devoted their leisure their Wednesday and Saturday afternoons to the sale of shares in this interesting enterprise. Three little girls, of Ann Arbor, disposed of eighty-nine in less than a month. A soldier of the Massachusetts Thirty-third, in Atlanta, sent for seven certificates, to be divided among his seven children. By the time seven hundred shares had been disposed of, the president and directors of the bank were saddened by the news of the death of its founder, who was called away from his cot in an Alexandria hospital, forgetting, perhaps, that he had not buried his talent in a napkin, and all unconscious that the penny deposited for growth had produced just seven thousand fold. The president and direct- ors took the penny, polished it, drilled a hole through it, and caused it to be A LETTER FROM THE BIRDS OF OHIO. 375 suspended on Sundays in the Bird's-Nest Chapel, by a ribbon of red, white, and blue. In one year from its foundation, the bank had sold two thousand four hun- dred shares, every loyal state being represented upon its books except we write it with reluctance Maryland and Rhode Island. It had sent certificates to South Carolina and Canada, to England and Scotland ; and, like the gold- bearing bonds of the government, its stock was favorablv known in Frankfort o c %/ and at Bingen-on-the-Rhine. A branch office was opened at the Chicago Fair for the freedmen, and the sale of stock was good. An old gentleman, of ninety -three years, from Leicester, Massachusetts, took one share, and an Iowa grandmother, who had grandchildren twenty-three, subscribed for a certificate for each. It is idle for us, after thus chronicling the success of this bank, and the rapid dissemination of its obligations, to deny the prevalent rumor, that the directors had been obliged to ask the assistance of Mr. Jay Cooke. Mr. Cooke, we are authorized to state, is not an agent of the Bird's-Nest ; he has sold none of its shares, and we are not aware that he has ever bought any. Persons wishing to invest in a stock whose dividends are payable to others, must write directly to head-quarters, to the Bird's-Nest Bank at Kalamazoo, inclosing, say one dollar for ten shares. The attention of citizens of Mary- land and Rhode Island is especially invited to this privilege. Anne Arundel could not more wisely appropriate her pocket-money. From the correspond- ence of the president and directors, which is open to the inspection of all, we make the following ornithological extract : "The Birds of Kirtland (Ohio), to the Robins, Thrushes, Orioles, Quails, Bob- olinks, Sparrows, and Humming-birds of Kalamazoo, send greeting: "MosT AMIABLE BIRDS: " Truly, there is hope for the world when the little birds assemble in flocks under the same tree, and live peacefully and lovingly in a single nest. We have heard in other times of the Feathered Kingdom. That day is past, and a great revolution is in progress nay, it is already successful. All hail to the Feathered Republic ! The Eagle, no longer the king and tyrant of any, has become the president and protector of all the birds. We still hear the screaming of the Hawks, and the hooting of the Owls, but we do not admit tJiem to our society, and we trust they find no place in your nest ; for, although the Hawks pretend to chivalry, and the Owls to wisdom, they will do you no good they will add nothing to your wealth or enjoyment. It gives us great pleasure to know that you concern yourselves with all the birds of our land, and especially with those called the Wandering Blackbirds; for, although they 376 THE TRIBUTE BOOK cannot boast the brilliant plumage of the Orioles and Humming-birds, we all know that they have kind and social natures and a pleasant song, and that the great Father of all the birds loves them dearly, and is pleased when the other birds try to do them good. The Hawks and Owls have long oppressed them ; have broken their eggs, devoured their young ones, and destroyed their homes ; but we trust that you give them a cordial welcome to your nest, and that, by the profits of your admirable bank, they will ere long be made as comfortable and prosperous as the rest of the birds. " One of the Kirtland birds, Lennie B. by name, who is eight years old, has received from the old and young birds of this vicinity five dollars and twenty cents, which he wishes to deposit in your bank, for their benefit." This is the story, and if it could be brought to the knowledge of that class of our population which robs birds'-nests on Wednesday and Saturday afternoons, and even plays truant on other afternoons for the same purpose, we think it would break up the habit. But aid might be extended to black freemen as well as to black freedmen. There was already one method open to those who wished well to the negro in the North that was to enable him to prove his manhood by fighting for his country. Negro regiments had already been raised in Massachusetts under the direct auspices of the state, the regiments being numbered and their officers appointed, precisely as if they were white. Obstacles existed to this course in Pennsylvania and New York : there regiments could be raised under United States authority only, and for this considerable sums of money were necessary. A number of gentlemen took the matter in hand in Philadelphia, in the spring of 1863, and the result of their action was the appointment of a " Supervisory Committee for Recruiting Colored Troops," of which Thomas Webster was made Chairman, Cadwalader Biddle, Secretary, and Singleton Mercer, Treasurer. The subscriptions which were solicited by this committee were to be expended in "defraying extraordinary expenses attending the recruiting of three colored regiments for the war." Though these expenses had been $30,000 per regiment in Massachusetts, the committee ventured to say that with $30,000 in hand they could recruit three regiments, and appealed to the citizens for that amount of money. Somewhat more than this was readily obtained. * The first squad of eighty men was sent to Camp William Penn on the 26th of June, and on the 24th of July the first regiment, called the Third United States Colored Troops, was full. It left camp on the 13th of August, and was in front of Fort Wagmer when that work was abandoned. RELIEF FOR THE VICTIMS OF THE RIOTS. 377 The second regiment, the Sixth United States, was full on the 13th of Sep- tember, and left camp for Yorktown on the 14th of October. The third regiment, the Eighth United States, was full on the 4th of De- cember, and left camp for Hilton Head on the 16th of January, 1864. The committee had now fulfilled their pledge, but they still pursued their self-imposed task, recruiting and dispatching the Twenty-second and Twenty- fifth United States during the months of February and March. Not content with this, they opened a free military school at their head-quarters, under the direction of Colonel John H. Taggart, for the education of officers of colored regiments. All the students sent from this institution before the Examining Board at Washington, passed and received commissions. And now another opportunity was presented. Soon after the quelling of the draft riots in New York, in the second week of July, 1863, in which the negroes, both men and women, underwent frightful persecutions, a meeting of merchants was held to devise measures for their relief. The following gen- eral committee was appointed : BENJ. B. SHERMAN, JACKSON S. SCHULTZ, SAMUEL WILLETS, JOHN D. McKENziE, EDWARD CROMWELL, WM. W. WICKES, JONATHAN STURGES, RICHARD P. BUCK, W. ALLAN, GEO. C. COLLINS, WM. II. LEE, CHAS. E. BEEBE, WM. A. BOOTH, HORACE GRAY, JR., A. R. WETMORE, A. F. OCKERSHAUSEN, WM. E. DODGE, JOSEPH B. COLLINS. T. C. DOREMUS, At an adjourned meeting, held July 20th, Jonathan Sturges addressed those present, and, in the course of his remarks, spoke as follows : " I have been forty-one years a merchant in my present location. During this period I have seen a noble race of merchants pass away. I cannot help calling to mind the many acts of charity which they performed during their lives. I hardly need to name them ; you all know them. You know how they sent relief to southern cities when they were desolated by fire or pesti- lence ; how they sent ship-loads of food to the starving people of Ireland ; this last act of brotherly love we have had the privilege of imitating during the past winter ; and as often as occasion requires, I trust we shall be quick to continue these acts of humanity, thus showing that the race of New York merchants is not deteriorating. We are now called upon to sympathize with a different class of our fellow-men. Those who know the colored people of this city, can testify to their being a peaceable, industrious people, having their own churches, Sunday-schools, and charitable societies ; and that, as a class, they seldom depend upon charity ; they not only labor to support themselves, 378 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. but to aid those who need aid. This is their general character, and it is our duty to see that they are protected in their lawful labors, to save themselves from becoming dependent on the charity of the city. We have not come together to devise means for their relief because they are colored people, but because they are, as a class, persecuted and in distress at the present moment. It is not necessary for our present purposes to inquire who the men are who have persecuted, robbed, and murdered them. We know they are bad men, who have not done as they would be done by. Let us not follow their example ; let us be quick to relieve those who are now in trouble, and should we ever find those who have persecuted the negroes in like trouble, let us be quick to relieve them also, and thus obey the injunction of our Divine Master: 'Bless those who persecute you.' " An executive committee of the following gentlemen was then appointed : JOHN D. HcKfixziE, Chairman. JONATHAN STURGES, Treasurer. GEO. C. COLLINS, Secretary. JAOKSOX S. SCHULTZ, A. R. WETMOKE, JOSEPH B. COLLINS, EDWARD CROMWELL. Subscriptions were now in order, and Mr. Edward Cromwell stated that he was authorized by members of the Produce Exchange to hand to the treasurer their check for $800, on account. This was subsequently increased to $1,511. Subscriptions to the amount of $6,500 were recorded before the meeting adjourned. Mr. Vincent Colyer was soon after made secretary, and was authorized to secure a suitable central office. From Mr. Colyer's report of the manner in which the fund, which reached, in the aggregate, $41,086.08, was administered, the following facts are gathered: The negroes, driven from the city by fear of death at the hands of the mob, had taken refuge on Blackwell's Island, at the police stations, in swamps and woods in New Jersey, in the barns and outhouses of farmers of Long Island. Five thousand men, women, and children, absolutely homeless and penniless, were collected in these places. To restore their confidence by establishing some central point at which they could receive aid, and where they would be protected from violence, was the first point to be gained. , This was done ; an office was secured in Fourth Street, and opened for business on the 23d of July. On the first day, thirty -eight applicants received aid ; on the second, three hundred and eighteen ; and on the third, three thousand negroes, all wearing the marks of abject misery, some of them presenting the unhealed evidences of abuse, filled the neighboring streets. The soldiers of the Twelfth Regiment of State Troops, whose quarters were in an upper story RECRUITING OF COLORED TROOPS IN NEW YORK. 379 of the building, threw out their rations to the throng, when a pitiable scramble to obtain them followed. During the month ending August 21st, six thousand three hundred and ninety-two adults, representing twelve thousand seven hundred and eighty- two persons, had been relieved. The aid extended was principally in money, a small portion being in clothing. Messrs. James S. Stearns and Cephas Brainerd, assisted by other gentlemen, made out, without charge, over one thousand claims for damages against the city. Of the men relieved, exactly one half were laborers and 'longshoremen, the larger part of the remainder being white washers, porters, waiters, carmen, sailors, coachmen, and cooks. Two thirds of the women worked by the day, the rest being principally servants, seamstresses, and cooks. As soon as the more pressing necessities of the sufferers were relieved, four clerks were discharged, and four colored clergymen employed in their places. These persons visited applicants for aid at their homes, making in all three thousand visits, and relieving the wants of one thousand men and women. Ninety -five per cent, of the individuals who asked assistance were found to be worthy of it, and the proportion of vicious and indolent persons was not found to be greater than among the more favored classes of society. The sum of $60,000 was raised in New York for the benefit of the mem- bers of the police, fire department, and national guard, injured in the riots. Of the police, several had been killed and several dangerously wounded. And now commenced the recruiting of colored regiments in New York ; this measure, if not hastened by the riots, was certainly not postponed an hour by them. On the 12th of November, 1863, the Union League Club of New York appointed a committee of seven members, to adopt and prosecute such measures as they might deem most effectual, to aid the government in raising and equipping the quota of volunteers required of the city. The committee consisted of the following gentlemen : ALEXANDER VAN RENSSELAER, Chairman. JAMES A. ROOSEVELT, Treasurer. GEO. BLISS, JR., Secretary. LE GRAND B. CANNON, ELLIOT C. COWDIN, CHAS. P. KIRKLAND, SHERMAN J. BACON. The first plan discussed was that of raising a fund to pay additional bounties to volunteers. This was finally rejected, in the belief that though it might fill certain regiments, it would not add to the aggregate number of soldiers in the service. On the 22d of the month a letter was addressed to 380 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Governor Seymour, asking his authority to raise a regiment, or a number of companies, of colored men in the state. Receiving no encouragement in this quarter, they applied to the Secretaiy of War, making the following statement : " Our sole bond of association is an unflinching determination to support the government. We have subscribed a large sum, to be appropriated to the raising of a colored regiment, and can procure much more. We believe that by our exertions and influence we can, with the permission of the government, put in the field a regiment worthy to stand side by side with the Fifty-fourth Massachusetts." Authority to recruit the " Twentieth Regiment United States Colored Troops " was soon after received from Washington, and the committee at once applied themselves to use it. Mr. Vincent Colyer was made superintendent of recruiting, and in this position his experience acquired in North Carolina, under General Burnside, was in the highest degree valuable. At first the colored men of New York showed no great willingness to enlist. They had hardly recovered from the terrors consequent upon the riots of July ; agents, moreover, from Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island, had already secured and taken away those most desirous of fighting for their country ; and the conduct of the sub-agents engaged in recruiting for other regiments was of a nature to alarm and deter the rest. As soon as it was known that negroes would be received, runners of the vilest sort rushed into the work. Negroes were deceived into enlisting by the grossest pre- tences ; they were seized, drugged, and hurried off to the rendezvous. These practices were not confined to the city, but were of daily occurrence upon the great highways of travel leading to New York. The blacks naturally became afraid of all men who offered bounties for entering government service, and the agents of the committee were often set upon and driven off by persons who had been previously maltreated and outraged. The means adopted to correct these evils, and to convince the colored population that they were to be fairly treated, were, in the first place, public meetings, held in the colored churches. Addresses were made by distin- guished gentlemen and by their own pastors, in which assurances were held out that all recruits should be honestly dealt with. Secondly, circulars and hand-bills were issued, stating correctly the amount of bounties and wages the recruit would receive, and the right of their families to their share of the Relief Fund. These statements, endorsed by eight colored clergymen, were distributed widely through the state. In the third place, the Rev. Mr. Garnet visited Riker's Island, heard the complaints of those who had been THE RECRUITS AND THE STATE BOUNTY. 381 defrauded, and General Dix at once took measures to arrest and punish the offenders. Kecruits were now obtained as rapidly as they could be accommodated. Squads arriving in the city too late for the steamer plying between the shore and the rendezvous in the river, were kept over night at the quarters which had been obtained in Fourth Street, and provided with meals. They came by fifties at a time ; the Eev. Mr. Le Vere offered himself, with the larger por- tion of the male members of his congregation. William Derickson, whose PAEADE OF TUB TWEXTIETU U. 8. COLORED TROOPS IN NEW TCSi mother was murdered by the mob in July, whose clothes had been saturated with camphene, who had been covered with straw in the street, and who had been rescued by the police as the match was being applied, was one of the earliest volunteers. Many of these men left situations where they were earn- ing from thirty to sixty dollars a month. The time was now approaching when the recruits were to receive their state bounty of seventy-five dollars each man. They naturally desired to send a portion to their families, but as their post-office address was often too obscure to be found by the letter-carrier, they dared not send by mail ; and the hostility to the blacks was so great that the women and- children were afraid to venture on the wharf, or on board the steamer plying to and from the island. The committee, therefore, chartered a steamer for this special service, 382 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. and fourteen hundred women and children were carried to the rendezvous on the 2d and 3d of March, 1864. Hundreds of baskets were searched by the guard, but not a bottle of liquor was found. Forty thousand dollars were brought away by their relatives from the men of the Twentieth United States. This regiment having been filled, and another, the Twenty-sixth, having been recruited to the maximum by the 1st of February, authority was asked and received to raise a third, to be called the Thirty-first, though it was thought probable that the effort would fail, as more than half the able-bodied negroes had actually enlisted. In the mean time, on the 5th of March, the Twentieth Eegiment left for New Orleans. A superb stand of colors, the regimental flag embroidered from a design furnished by Leutze, was presented with great ceremony in Union Square, in behalf of some one hundred and fifty ladies, the mothers, wives, and sisters of the gentlemen by whose exer- tions the regiment had been raised. The Twenty-sixth left New York on the 27th of March for Annapolis and Beaufort, a severe storm preventing the intended farewell ceremonial. Eecruiting for the Thirty-first proceeded slowly, as was expected. The State of New York had, according to the census of 1860, but about twenty- three thousand colored males, of whom nine thousand only were of the mili- tary age. Of these, five thousand would, in the ordinary ratio, be able-bodied and fit for service, and two thousand two hundred of the five thousand had already volunteered. A portion of the remainder, probably fifteen hundred, had entered into regiments belonging to other states, and several hundreds of others were in government employ as servants or teamsters. Three compa- nies were, however, filled, and were ordered away in April, under the senior captain ; a consolidation was effected with three hundred men raised in Con- necticut, thus forming a battalion under a lieutenant-colonel. The battalion lost heavily in the battle of the crater at Petersburg, but was afterwards filled to the maximum, and a colonel was appointed to the command. The expenses of the committee in raising these three regiments were $19,000. The League had already raised $20,000 for the purpose, and would have furnished as much more as the committee had called for. More was not raised simply because it was not wanted. The conduct of the troops thus put in the field was such as to gratify those who had given their means or used their influence to further the measure, to silence those who had opposed it, and finally, when too late, to provoke a similar innovation on the part of the enemy. CHAPTEE XI. INTERNATIONAL RELIEF. THE GEORGE GKISWOLD, LADEN WITH BRF.AD6TCPT8. A STATE of things in the manufacturing districts of England, which had long been looked upon as inevitable, in consequence of the scarcity of cotton and the stagnation of American markets, existed, especially in Lancashire, in the summer and fall of 1862. In July, the large manufacturers began to close their mills, and in October one half of the operatives were out of employment, 384 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. while the remainder were working on short time. On the 1st of December, two hundred and fifty thousand persons were receiving parish relief in Lan- cashire, and as many more in Derbyshire were wholly dependent upon charity. In Glasgow and Paisley, in Belfast and Ballymena, the distress was hardly less acute. Death from starvation, or from disease induced by insufficient food, had already taken place, and winter was close at hand. The idea of sending relief from America had been broached in several quarters, and a meeting was finally called in New York for the 4th of December, to take counsel on the propriety of such action. The attendance was large, and resolutions were unanimously passed, approving the object of the call, and advising that measures of relief be at once adopted. A letter was read from Messrs. N. L. & George Griswold, in which these gentlemen, after suggesting that a national subscription be set on foot, offered the use of a new ship, of eighteen hundred tons, for the conveyance of supplies, and their own services, if needed. Another letter was then read as follows : " NEW YORK, December 4, 1862. " To the Chairman of the Committee for sending Aid to the Operatives of Lancashire : u DEAR SIR : I rejoice to see that our people are about to open the door of our bursting granaries, to send relief to the starving operatives of Lan- cashire. " The poor fellows have acted nobly ; famishing men, surrounded by their wives and little ones, ' faint, and at the point to die,' will not join the clamor of interested leaders. " The value of our unity as a nation is well understood by them, and they refuse to part with their birthright in this land of promise. " We offer them freely a welcome and a homestead ; and now that the blow, aimed at our existence, has fallen upon them too, shall we, who feed and heal those who aimed that blow when war brings them into our power, refuse these poor, innocent sufferers a helping hand in this winter of their calamity ? " No ! thank God, we have bread and to spare, and they will not say, ' I was an hungered, and ye gave me no meat.' "Will you add to your list 'One Thousand Barrels of Flour,' from one whose loaf will taste the sweeter for sharing it with a famished brother, and brand it 'UNION.' " A check for $7,000, to pay for these thousand barrels, accompanied the INTERNATIONAL RELIEF. 38o letter. The check was signed by John C. Green, who afterwards gave $5,000 more. Thus a good ship and part of her cargo were already obtained. Stimu- lated by these honorable examples, the merchants of New York responded liberally to the appeal, and $26,000 were subscribed at once. A committee of seventeen was appointed, as follows : * Chairman, JOHN C. GREEN. Secretary, Treasurer, JOHN TAYLOK JOHNSTON. A. A. Low. J. J. ASTOR, JR., ROBERT L. KENNEDY, SAMUEL D. BABCOCK, CHAS. H. MARSHALL, S. B. CHITTENDEN, THOMAS TILESTON, WILLIAM C. DODGE, EDWIN D. MORGAN, GEORGE GRIS\VOLD, ROBERT B. MINTURN, MOSES TAYLOR, JOHN J. PHELPS, JOHN JAY, A. T. STEWART. Additions to the committee were subsequently made, till it finally con- sisted of eighty-six members. An appeal " to the American people in behalf of the suffering operatives of Great Britain" was immediately .issued. A committee appointed by the Chamber of Commerce subsequently fused with the committee of merchants ; while another, appointed by the Produce Exchange, retained its organization, though co-operating with them, and con- signing their purchases of supplies to the same parties in Liverpool. This committee forwarded one thousand barrels of flour by the ship Hope, which sailed some days before the George Griswold, the philanthropic clipper. The desire to aid in the work of charity seemed to be well-nigh universal. While the solid men drew their checks, while railway and telegraph com- panies offered the free use of their lines, hard-fisted citizens offered their ser- vices without charge. The Griswold had arrived in ballast from Boston, and the Ballast Masters' Association tendered their lighters to discharge her. The Association of Stevedores proposed to load her ; Mr. Edward Bill purchased eleven thousand barrels of flour without commission ; Mr. Murphy offered to pilot the vessel to sea ; and Captain George Lunt volunteered to take her across the ocean. On the 9th of January, 1863, the Griswold was ready for sea, and the committee and invited guests assembled on board, to bid her farewell and God-speed. Prayer was offered by the Rev. William Adams ; and statements 25 386 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. were then made of the progress which had been effected, and of the cargo placed in the ship. These may be summed up as follows : By the Relief Committee. By the Produce Exchange Committee. 11,236 barrels of flour, 1,500 barrels of flour, 50 " pork, 50 " beef, 125 " bread, 200 boxes of bacon, 375 boxes " 8 tierces of rice. 200 " bacon, 500 bushels of corn. The Griswold sailed upon the 9th of January, and entered the port of Liver- pool on the 9th of February, after a boisterous passage. She was followed soon after by the Arkwright and James Foster, Jr., carrying three thousand barrels of flour, sent by the Merchants' Committee. The Energy, the Emerald, and other vessels, successively departed, with two thousand five hundred and seventy-nine barrels of flour and three tierces of hams, from the two commit- tees. The total shipments of the two committees were, therefore, as follows : Relief Committee. Produce Exchange Committee. 15,993 barrels of flour. 2,859 barrels of flour. 125 barrels of bread, 208 boxes of bacon, 375 boxes " 50 barrels of beef, 500 bushels of corn, 8 tierces of rice, 200 boxes of bacon, 2 bags " 50 barrels of pork. 3 tierces of hams. The total collections for the relief of the sufferers in Great Britain were as follows : Collected by the International Relief Committee $141,540 64 " Produce Exchange " 28,875 00 " Philadelphia " about 62,00000 Ship-load of provisions sent by A. T. Stewart to Ireland 30,000 00 Contribution to Irish relief in New York 30,000 00 " " " Brooklyn 15,000 00 " " elsewhere, about 40,000 00 Total, about $347,415 64 The provisions sent from New York were distributed among one hundred and eighty-three distinct localities in England, Ireland, and Scotland. They were generally received in the spirit in which they were sent, though the com- ments of one of the London weeklies were, literally, outrageous. But the operatives ate the proffered food, nevertheless, and few of those who sent it ever read the malignant Saturday Keview. CHAPTER XII.* AID TO EAST TENNESSEE. EAST TENNESSEE, which became at the very outset of the rebellion a point of great interest to all, was inhabited, at that time, by about three hundred thousand souls, chiefly farmers of moderate means, cultivating their own homesteads. There were few slaves among them, fully nine tenths of the population being freemen. These, at an early date, avowed their determina- tion to stand by the Union a step which at once brought upon them the most cruel and unrelenting persecution which the history of modern wars has been called upon to chronicle. Owing to their isolation, the government was unable, for two years, to reach and protect them, and during this time, a memorial was sent to Congress by Colonel Taylor, an East Tennessean, in which he made the following statements : " In 1861, when the question was presented, out of a vote of forty thou- sand, they gave thirty thousand majority for the Union. Their arms and ammunition were seized, before they could organize, by the rebel soldiers; and though the government, which owed them protection, did not protect them, yet their hearts clung to the government, and they prayed for the Union. Five thousand of their men have seen the inside of rebel prisons, and hundreds of them, covered with filth and devoured by vermin, have died 388 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. martyrs to their country there. Their property has been seized, confiscated, their houses pillaged, their stock driven off, their grain consumed, their sub- stance wasted, their fences burned, their farms devastated by friends as well as foes .... Their young men have been hunted like wild beasts by soldiers, by Indians, sometimes by bloodhounds, and, when caught, tied two and two to long ropes, and driven before cavalry, thin-clad, barefooted and bleeding, over frozen roads and icy creeks and rivers. Some have been beaten with ropes, with straps, with clubs. Some have been butchered, others shot down in their own houses or yards, in the high-road or the field, or in the forest; others, still, have been hung up by the neck to the limbs of trees, without judge or jury. I have heard of no single neighborhood within the bounds of East Tennessee whose green sod has not drunk the blood of citizens murdered." Even when this devoted district was occupied by the United States forces, relief could not be at once rendered, for General Burnside, compelled to make forced marches upon Knoxville, had no provision train with him, and, of necessity, lived off the country. Communication, however, was finally opened, and a terrible cry for relief was at once heard from the afflicted people. Colo- nel Taylor, who had formerly represented them in Congress, was deputed to visit the North to make their condition known, and ask for assistance. This was rendered, more particularly at two points, Boston and Philadelphia. Colonel Taylor addressed the Legislature of Massachusetts, and so great was the sym- pathy excited, that a resolution was at once introduced, appropriating $100,000 from the State Treasury for the relief of the people of East Tennessee, in spite of the grave doubts entertained of the constitutionality of such a meas- ure. A public meeting was held at Faneuil Hall, on the 10th of February, 1864, in furtherance of the movement, the following officers being appointed : President, EDWARD EVERETT. Vice -Presiden ts, Governor ANDREW, lion. CHARLES G. LORINO, JAMES LAWRENCE, Mayor LINCOLN, WILLIAM CLAFLIX, RICHARD FROTHINGHAM, Hon. J. E. FIELD, PATRICK DONAHOE, JULIUS ROCKWELL, " A. H. BULLOCK, WILLIAM B. ROGERS, CHARLES L. WOODBUKT, " R. C. WINTIIROP, CHARLES B. GOODRICH, JOHN M. FORBES. Secretaries, Colonel F. L. LEE, SAMUEL FROTHINGHAM, JR. Mr. Everett, on taking the chair, made a short but most beautiful and sym- pathetic address, describing the natural characteristics of the region for which he had come to plead, its rivers, valleys, and mountains : fertile, many of them, EAST TENNESSEE. 389 to their summits; its mines, its mineral springs, its frugal, industrious, and loyal population, its temperate and healthful climate, its soil equally divided into farms tilled each by its owner, the labor of slaves being almost unknown. He closed his picture of the American Switzerland by a paraphrase of the German poet : On the mountains is Freedom : the breath of the vales Rises not up to the pure mountain gales; and gave way to Colonel Taylor, with the practical assertion : " If the Union means any thing, it means not merely political connection and commercial intercourse, but to bear each other's burdens and to share each other's sacri- fices ; it means actual sympathy and efficient aid." Colonel Taylor then told his sad, almost incredible story. On reaching the point in his narrative where the United States forces entered the territory, he said: "Four times have the Union and rebel armies traversed the whole length of East Tennessee, exhausting the country all around for current sup- plies, and, at every movement, widening the track of ruin that they left behind them. In the path of the armies came robbers, who found convenient hiding-places in the mountains that skirt our valleys, and came down and claimed their share of the property of our plundered people; and thus it came to pass that our barns and stables, our cribs and dwellings, were entered and robbed, and our people left utterly destitute. Our blankets and bed-clothing, every thing of woolen that was calculated to render the soldiers more comfort- able, was seized by the strong hand and carried away. Our tanneries shared the same fate. They had all been compelled, in the reign of the rebels, to contribute sixty per cent, of their leather to the government for the shoeing of their soldiers ; but now, when they were retreating from the state, they seized all the leather in the vats and bore it away, leaving our old men and women and children to meet the rigors of the passing winter barefooted, as well as almost naked. " Believe me, fellow-citizens, East Tennessee has drunk the full cup of suf- fering, and nothing seems left her but to drain its bitterness to the very dregs. She has sacrificed every thing but loyalty and honor ; she has suffered every thing but dishonor and death ; and now, destitution and famine, followed by despair and ruin, are trampling upon the thresholds of her sad homes are entering their very doors, ready to consummate the sacrifice and complete the suffering. But, thank God, throughout her sufferings she has been faith- ful. Persuasion, threats, insults, imprisonments, wounds, stripes, privations, 390 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. chains, confiscation, gibbets, and military murders, the clash of arms, the ter- ribleness of armies with banners, and all the combined and concentrated horrors of internecine war marshalled upon her battle-torn bosom, and hurl- ing sorrow and ruin into all her homes, have never corrupted her loyalty, nor driven her a solitary line from her devotion to the government of her fathers. . . . East Tennessee, my native East Tennessee, has sacrificed all she had for the country. Her barns and mills, her flocks and herds, her cattle upon a thousand hills, have all been offered up. Her corn and wheat are all consumed ; her young men all who have not perished in the camp and on the battle-field are now swelling the ranks of your victorious armies ; and, sir, our matrons and maidens, our old men and little children, our soldiers' widows and orphaned babes, are all bound and upon the altar. Already the sacrificial knife is uplifted ; it trembles in the hand of Famine. May (rod save my people, and avert the stroke in this their day of trial !" Upon the conclusion of Colonel Taylor's appeal, a series of resolutions was offered and adopted, the following being the pith of the whole : " That we call upon our legislature to make a liberal grant in aid of the loyal population of East Tennessee, and that it will be a matter of just pride that the name of our old commonwealth shall head the national subscription, which will carry hope and life to those noble men and women." The officers of the meeting were then made a committee to present the subject of the resolu- tions to the legislature. The report of the proceedings of this meeting appeared in the Boston papers of the llth of February. No allusion had been made to the subject of private subscriptions, the object of the assemblage having been exclusively to create a public sentiment in favor of a legislative appropriation. Mr. Everett nevertheless received, on the same day, the following letter, written apparently in a female hand, and enclosing three dollars : "BOSTON, February llth, 1864. "DEAR SIR: Enclosed is a mite which I wish forwarded with the thou- sands and tens of thousands of dollars that I hope will be sent forward from this goodly city of Boston, to alleviate the unparalleled sufferings of our dearly beloved countrymen in East Tennessee. " Such earnest, eloquent pleading as comes to us from our old cradle of liberty, can not be unheeded by any patriot or lover of his race. " TEACHER OF A PUBLIC SCHOOL. "MR. EVERETT." AID TO EAST TENNESSEE. 391 Mr. Everett publicly acknowledged the receipt of this letter and its inclosure the next day, adding : " Small as the sum is, I doubt not it is large for the means of the giver, and it will sustain the life of one of our starving brethren in East Tennessee for a fortnight. If a small portion of our community only would, according to their ability, imitate this example, that desolated region might again become the happy valley of the South." Contributions now began to flow in ; but it was evident that people were holding off, and awaiting the action of the legislature. " We are moving very slowly," wrote Mr. W. H. Gardiner to Mr. Everett " Private citizens seem to be waiting for some action of the legislature ; the legislature seems to be waiting to know how the people would like to see their money given away ; but while we ponder, Tennessee starves." This letter contained a check for $200. The tide of sympathy, as evidenced by acts, now rose higher and EAST TENNESSEE REFUGEES. higher, though the probability of state aid being afforded was increased by the presentation of a memorial to the two houses, affirming the constitutionality of such a grant, signed by Judge Curtis and others. Mrs. Pratt, in her ninety- seventh year, sent $250 ; Dr. Jackson, $50 ; Mr. William Gray, $500, with the promise of as much more, if state aid were withheld. On the 25th, the Speaker of the House, Mr. Bullock, apprised Mr. Everett that the legislature, acting under grave doubts as to the legality of making an appropriation, had voted, though reluctantly, against it. He broke the 392 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. unwelcome news, however, by interposing his check. This gave a new impulse to individual beneficence, and, on February 29th, more than $4,000 were received. An appeal to the people of Massachusetts was issued on the 2d of March, up to which date nearly $20,000 had been spontaneously contrib- uted. Half of this sum was sent to Mr. Lloyd P. Smith, of Philadelphia, who was just starting for Knoxville with the proceeds of the Pennsylvania subscription in the same behalf.* In one day, the 3d of March, $6,350 were added to the Massachusetts fund. On the 8th, $1,000 were received from the Forty-fourth regiment, the officers and men having diverted that sum from the regimental fund. $52,000 had been received in the thirty days following the meeting in Faneuil Hall. The Ladies' Sewing Circle having intimated through their president, Mrs. George Ticknor, that they would gladly make up any material furnished them for that purpose, the sum of $2,000 was placed at their disposal. Two thousand nine hundred and twenty-one articles of clothing were forwarded from the rooms of the association. $60,000 were now paid upon the drafts of gentlemen accredited from the Relief Society of Knoxville, and the whole fund was finally disposed of in this way. In the mean time, the fund increased. From entertainments at Chickering's Hall, from concerts, dramatic performances, and exhibitions of tableaux, from children's fairs, from church collections, as well as from individual subscrip- tions, came large and small tributary streams, till, by the end of April, the accumulated collections amounted to $91,000. " One hundred thousand," says Mr. Everett, " the amount of the appropriation proposed in the legisla- ture, had been assigned by public opinion as the sum which we should en- deavor to raise by private subscription ; and, on the 4th of June, that amount was reached. The foundation was laid in the teacher's donation of three dol- lars, on the llth of February. The headstone was carried up by $1,000 received from a children's fair at the house of Dr. T. I. Talbot, on the 4th of June." The last donation was made on the 26th of October, being the * The officers of the Pennsylvania Relief Association for East Tennessee were as follows : President, Ex-Gov. JAMES POLLOCK. Secret "CiTY POINT, VA., January 4, 1865. J " Messrs. GEORGE II. STUART, A. C. BORIE, W. C. KENT, E. C. KNIGHT, DAVIS PEARSON, GEORGE WHITNEY, and JAMES GRAHAM, Committee : " GENTLEMEN : Through you the loyal citizens of Philadelphia have seen fit to present me with a house, lot, and furniture, in your beautiful city. The letter notifying me of this is just received. 456 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. " It is with feelings of gratitude and pride that I accept this substantial testimonial of the esteem of your loyal citizens : gratitude, because it is evi- dence of a deep-set determination on the part of a large number of citizens that this war shall go on until the Union is restored ; pride, that my humble efforts in so great a cause should attract such a token from a city of strangers to me. " I will not predict a day when we will have peace again, with a Union restored ; but that that day will come, is as sure as the rising of to-morrow's sun. I have never doubted this in the darkest days of this dark and terrible rebellion. " Until this happy day of peace does come, my family will occupy and enjoy your magnificent present. But until then, I do not expect nor desire to see much of the enjoyments of a home fireside. " I have the honor to be, with great respect, your obedient servant, "U. S. GRANT, " Lieutenant- General United States Army." 1 General Grant's family took possession of their homestead in May, 1865 ; and not long afterwards the country was at peace ; that peace of which the general was as sure as of the rising of the morrow's sun. A fund, which certain gentlemen had been for some time busy in collecting, was now nearly ready for distribution. The Kearsarge had destroyed the Alabama, instead of capturing her, and so the crew were entitled to no prize- money ; or, whether entitled to it or not, were not, at any rate, to have any. A committee of the Chamber of Commerce of New York, of which Charles H. Marshall was treasurer, soon called upon their fellow-citizens, the mer- chants especially, to contribute to the Kearsarge fund, " as a slight recognition of their valuable services to the country, and especially to the merchant marine, in sinking the Anglo-rebel pirate Alabama." The sum of $25,000 was, not long after, ready for distribution. The apportionment was made according to the methods in usage, an appro- priate certificate accompanying each share. The following was the allotment, as decided upon by the committee : Commander $10,000 Three Acting Masters two, each, Lieutenant Commander 1,200 $750 ; one $500 $2,000 Chief Engineer 800 Second Assistant Engineer 500 Surgeon 800 Three Third Assistant Engineers Paymaster 7. 600 each, $400 1,200 THE KEARSARGE FUND. 457 Midshipman $400 Captain's clerk 300 Paymaster's clerk 250 Gunner 400 Boatswain 400 Two Acting Master's Mates one $450, and one $400 850 Surgeon's steward 150 Paymaster's steward 150 Twenty -four seamen, each $40. ... 960 Thirty-two petty officers, averaging $48 40 1,485 Sixteen ordinary seamen, each $30. 480 * The following was the list of subscribers : Atlantic Mutual Insurance Co $4,000 00 Columbian Insurance Co 2,000 00 Great Western Insurance Co 2,000 00 Sun Insurance Co 2,00000 Pacific Mutual Insurance Co Union Mutual Insurance Co New York Mutual Insurance Co Pacific Mail Steamship Co Mercantile Mutual Insurance Co A. A. Low & Brothers Orient Mutual Insurance Co Washington Marine Insurance Co Metropolitan Insurance Co Phenix Insurance Co N. L. & G. Griswold. . . 750 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 ^50 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 250 00 One ordinary seaman, killed; money to go to his family $200 One ordinary seaman, wounded .... 50 Eleven first-class firemen, each $35. 385 Nine second-class firemen, each $30. 270 Twenty-two landsmen, each $25 . . . 550 Eight private marines, each $30. . . . 240 Thirteen coal-heavers, each $25 . . . 325 Two first-class boys, each $20. 40 Second-class boy 15 Amount apportioned* $25,000 Number of officers and crew . . 161 Grlnnell, Minturn & Co $250 00 Weston & Gray 250 00 Rowland & Aspinwall 250 00 Bucklin, Crane & Co 250 00 Frothingham FOU TUB RELIEF OF FAMILIES OF POLICE VOLU.NT.EEKa. body remained in the armies of the country. Forty-five families were at one time upon the pay-rolls, two or three receiving $35 a month, the others rang- ing from $23 to $29. The monthly amount collected has been from $800 to $1,000, and the whole amount contributed by the force somewhat over $40,000. Besides this, the contribution of the police to the Metropolitan Fair was, as has been stated, nearly $5,000. A donation of lemons to the army, in the summer of 1863, cost them $1,000 ; and the bringing home and interment of the bodies of their fallen comrades, some $400 more. Such is the honorable record of the Metropolitan Police. Such may be anywhere the result of the mingling of the spirit of patriotism with we have no adequate English expression the esprit du corps. Late in the year 1862, the members and employees of the Fort Pitt Foun- dry of Pittsburgh drew up and signed articles of association, of which the following is a copy : " We, the undersigned, members and employees of the Fort Pitt Foundry, do hereby contribute the proportion of labor or work, in money, below men- tioned, for the support of the families who have left, or may hereafter leave, these works to join the army. " This fund to be kept up during the war, and to be distributed by a com- mittee of five, one from each the office, foundry, boring-mill, pattern-shop, 478 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. and chipping ai-d machine shops. The committee to be appointed, and vacancies to be filled, by the members of the different departments; and members of the committee do hereby pledge themselves to a faithful perform- ance of their duties." COMMITTEE. President, WM. METOALF, Office. Treasurer, O. METCALF. Vice- President, Jos. M. KNAP. Secretary, W. B. M. EWEN, Pattern-shop. Cashier, JAS G. KNAP. JOHN CUPPLES, Foundry. KOBEUT DICKSON, Boring-mill. J. HACKENDORN, Chipping and Machine-shop. The sum to be contributed was at first fixed at the proceeds of two days' labor per month for each man in the office, and one day's labor per month for each working man. It was found, however, that under this arrangement funds accumulated too rapidly, and the amounts to be furnished were re- duced one half. The association has raised on an average $250 a month, and not long ago supported the families of seventeen soldiers who had enlisted from the foundry, giving to each about $5 a week, and supplying them with coal during the winter. In case of sickness, the association fur- nished a physician and paid his bills. Some months since, the society had a balance on hand of $2,000, and this was increasing. In case of the death of a soldier, or total destitution of a soldier's family, a portion of this balance was placed at their disposal, usually in the form of a small capital, with which to start in business upon their own account. There are many associations in the country similar to the Fort Pitt Eelief Association. Experience has shown that there is no more ready means of raising a fund than that thus adopted ; and those who must receive their means of support from other hands than those of their lawful protectors, may take it with less hesitation from the comrades and fellow-workmen of their husbands and fathers, than from any other giver. The association has received about $10,000 since its formation, two thirds of which have been disbursed, while the remainder is, or was recently, invested for future contingencies. TWENTY-INCH GCX. THE AMATEUR PERFORMANCE. 479 We may with propriety say here, that few have done more, by voluntary contri- Jj -=s?&?k ? ^B^KMi ^fct!T HBBi^F-' butions to the cause, than Mr. Knap, the 1 P^"*lP0^^^^ $ ' : '- ,">': ilr-^-s*-.*-* ' proprietor of the foundry. On one occa- sion, a twenty-inch gun was placed on ex- hibition in the soldiers' behalf, Mr. Knap engaging to give dollar for dollar. The pub- lic contributed $500, and Mr. Knap as much. Having thus been led to resume the subject of relief to soldiers' families, we may properly refer to an amateur entertainment of unusual attraction, given in Cincinnati in February, 1865, for their benefit, being nothing less than the play of Hamlet enacted by amateurs, with an original prologue, written and spoken by T. Buchanan Eead. The programme was skilfully composed to excite the public curiosity, and is given in the two first columns below ; the third column was published afterwards, to allay the curiosity so adroitly stimulated : Claudius, King of Denmark. An old county officer E. P. Cranch. Haiulet Lieutenant-Governor of Ohio Lieut.-Gov. Chas. Anderson. T, , . (A gentleman of 1 the Treasury De- ) Pol mUS ] partment 7 | Oliver S. Love! 1. Laertes A Kentucky lawyer Oliver W. Root. Horatio A Pearl Street merchant M. J. Mack. Rosencrantz A popular architect James W. Mclaughlin. Guildenstern A late colonel of U. S. Volunteers. Col. N. Lord. Osric A hardware merchant Waldo C. Booth. Priest A tobacco merchant E. B. Hinman. Marcellns A teacher in a public school James E. Sherwood. Bernardo An old army surgeon Dr. S. G. Menzies. Captain of Norway forces. .A captain of the U. S. Army Capt. T. P. Anderson. Francisco A young merchant N. Heinsheimer. First Grave-Digger A prominent office-holder Enoch T. Carson. Second Grave-Digger A Treasury Department official . . .D. G. Barnitz. First Player A manufacturer of the 16th Ward,.T. R. Elliot. Second Player An attorney and editor D. Thew Wright. Ghost of Hamlet's Father. .A captain of the National Guard.. .Wm. Disney. Courtiers, Attendants, Assisting Priests, &c. : Ed. Davenport, Wm. P. Noble, Rowland Ellis, Jr., Col. W. Thomas, Henry Davis, Jno. Baker, Col. Thos. L. Young, Sam. R. Matthews, Jas. K. Wilson, Isaiah Davenport, Chas. R. Marshall, H. Shreve, Thos. N. Withenbury, Elisha Norton, and Jas. C. Root. The female characters were sustained by professional performers. This pleasant scheme for replenishing an impoverished treasury was brilliantlv successful, some $7,000 being its direct pecuniary result. From Mr. Bead's prologue we make the following extract : 480 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Our Soldiers' Families! Mark the glorious sight, For them the Swan of Avon sings to-night, The earth's great laureate, whose immortal skill Created worlds and peopled them at will ; Whose wizard wand, at one majestic swing, Could make a kingdom or dethrone a king For them he bids the spectre-monarch rise, For them the sweet Ophelia sings and dies, For them he asks a sovereign of our own, To leave to-night his magisterial throne, To lay aside awhile his genial vein, To look and think and be the melancholy Dane. Our Soldiers' Families ! For them here have come This generous audience, packed from pit to dome ; For them (would it were worthier) here I lay Upon their altar this, my light bouquet. And if, perchance, their kindly eyes should view, Among the leaves, some random drops of dew, Believe them each the poet's loving tear, In secret shed beside some patriot's bier. [We desire here to be permitted to introduce an episode, irrelevant enough. It is no part of our plan of this the reader has been warned to do justice or to offer tribute to those who have given their lives to the cause. Our subject FITZ JAMES O BIUKN. treats of those who have given of their means : the other is a distinct, and, certainly, a far nobler theme. But of one life, a desire to promote the render- ing of proper tribute to him who gave it, at another time and in another form, prompts us to speak. Fitz James O'Brien, an Irishman by birth, an American by adoption, a poet by grace, a soldier by nature, fell early in the war against THE COUNTERSIGN. 481 the rebellion, not, however, without exacting life for life. He has left behind him the materials for a thoroughly charming volume, which need but to be collected to find hearty admirers and eager possessors. Has not the time come for this labor of love to be undertaken ? L We have been engrossed with more pressing matters, but delay can no longer in honor be justified. Who will assume the task ? Premising that O'Brien's war poems, written in the midst of arduous camp duties, are not his best, we make room for one of them, as more properly falling within the scope of this volume. The follow- ing lines were written in Camp Cameron, in July, 1861 :] THE COUNTERSIGN. Alas ! the weary hours pass slow, The night is very dark and still, And in the marshes far below I hear the bearded whip-poor-will. I scarce can see a yard ahead, My ears are strained to catch each sound ; I hear the leaves about me shed, [ground. And the springs bubbling through the Along the beaten path I pace, Where white rags mark my sentry's track ; In formless shrubs I seem to trace The foeman's form with bending back. I think I see him crouching low, I stop and list I stoop and peer Until the neighboring hillocks grow To groups of soldiers far and near. With ready piece I wait and watch, Until mine eyes, familiar grown, Detect each harmless earthen notch, And turn guerrillas into stone. And then amid the lonely gloom, Beneath the weird old tulip-trees, My silent marches I resume, And think on other times than these. Sweet visions through the silent night ! The deep bay-windows fringed with vine ; The room within, in softened light, The tender, milk-white hand in mine, The timid pressure, and the pause That ofttimes overcame our speech That time when by mysterious laws We each felt all in all to each. And then, that bitter, bitter day, When came the final hour to part, When clad in soldier's honest gray, I pressed her weeping to my heart. Too proud of me to bid me stay, Too fond of me to let me go, I had to tear myself away, And left her stolid in her woe. So rose the dream so passed the night When distant in the darksome glen, Approaching up the sombre height, I heard the solid march of men; Till over stubble, over sward, And fields where lay the golden sheaf, I saw the lantern of the guard Advancing with the night relief. " Halt ! who goes there ?" my challenge-cry It rings along the watchful line. " Relief!" I hear a voice reply. "Advance, and give the countersign!" With bayonet at the charge, I wait, The corporal gives the mystic spell; With arms at port I charge my mate, And onward pass, and all is well. But in the tent that night awake, I think, if in the fray I fall, Can I the mystic answer make Whene'er the angelic sentries call ? And pray that Heaven may so ordain, That when I near the camp divine, Whether in travail or in pain, I too may have the countersign. Two very important objects, not so much connected with the war as with the disbanding of the army, remain to be noticed: the procuring of suitable 31 482 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. employment for disabled men, and the maintenance and education of soldiers' orphans ; the one obtained by the establishment of protective and employment societies, the other by the opening of orphan homes. The first employment society commenced its operations as a Protec- tive War Claim Association, and its early history may be briefly told, as follows : On Monday, January 19th, 1863, a meeting of gentlemen was held at the Directors' Room of the Merchants' Bank, in New York, to consider the pro- priety of organizing an association for the protection of soldiers and sailors and their families having claims upon the government. Such an association was soon afterwards formed, under the presidency of Lieutenant-General Scott, and with an executive committee consisting of Messrs. Howard Potter, Wm. E. Dodge, Jr., and Theodore Roosevelt. Its objects were : 1st. To secure to soldiers and sailors and their families any claims for pensions, pay or bounty, &c., without cost to the claimant. 2d. To protect soldiers and sailors and their families from imposture and fraud. 3d. To prevent false claims from being made against the government. 4th. To give gratuitous advice and information to soldiers and sailors, or their families, needing it. The existence of this society gradually became known to discharged soldiers and others, who hastened to profit by the knowledge that their claims could be collected without the necessity of employing agents, at the sacrifice of a large portion of the claims themselves. The business done by the association, at this date, might be divided into four classes : the first class being the regular claims for pensions, bounty, and arrears of pay ; the second, the collection of prize-money ; the third, the col- lection of money due discharged soldiers, which, through the carelessness and neglect of officials, or the ignorance of the men themselves, had not been paid ; and the fourth, the giving of advice and information upon all matters relating to the army and navy. The number of applications which had been entered on the books of the Association in one year was as follows : For bounty and arrears of pay 1,429 " pensions 1,142 " prize-money 139 Miscellaneous . . 20 Total 2.730 PROTECTIVE WAR CLAIM ASSOCIATIONS. 483 Value of claims for bounty and arrears of pay $213,409 00 " of pensions 109,632 00 " of prize claims 51,000 00 " of miscellaneous claims 1,000 00 Total t $375,041 00 Amount collected and paid to claimants: For bounty and arrears of pay $24,938 57 " pensions 1 1,147 76 " prize claims 17,487 25 Miscellaneous, and on imperfect papers 6,000 00 Total $59,573 58 The expenses of the society for the first year were a little over $5,000. They were met by funds raised by subscription. Soon after the expiration of its first year, the War Claim Association attached itself to the Sanitary Commission. The following table gives a suc- cinct statement of its operations during the remaining seven months of the second year: Number of claims prepared and filed : For pensions 1, 148 " bounties and arrears of pay 1,489 " prize-money 2,847 Total 5,484 Number of certificates received : For pensions 277 " bounties and arrears of pay 626 " prize-money 1,035 Total 1,938 Amount secured : In pensions (annual value) $25,679 88 In bounties and arrears of pay 74,028 43 In prize-money 131,968 41 Total $231,676 72 Or, at the rate of $400,000 a year. Had the soldiers and sailors thus aided made their applications through claim agents, a large percentage of this sum would have been absorbed in expenses and charges, to use no harsher terms. At about the date of the organization of this association, the Sanitary Commission opened a bureau at Washington, for the transaction of the same kind of business there ; and on the 8th of April, 1863, a Protective War Claim and Pension Agency was organized in Philadelphia. For a time, these 484 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. various societies confined their efforts to aiding the soldier and the sailor in settling their claims against the government ; and the figures we have given show how largely the army and navy availed themselves of the proffered assistance. As the war drew to a close, however, aid was extended to discharged and disabled soldiers in obtaining employment; the able-bodied man in resuming the trade or handicraft he had abandoned to join the army ; the man incapacitated for regular labor in procuring such light work as his strength or his wounds permitted him to undertake. Registers were kept of those seeking employment, and of employers seeking hands ; and the two classes were brought into communication, much to the advantage of both. The labors of the Bureaux of Employment, like those of the Union Commis- sion and the Freedmen's Relief Associations, lie rather in the future than in the past, and the hour of their greatest usefulness is yet to come. TI1K PATRIOT ORP1IAN HUME, AT FLUSHING. The other subject remaining to be noticed is that of homes for the orphans of soldiers. This is naturally exciting great interest and attention as these pages go to press. Many homes have been founded ; several have been perma- nently endowed. Others will doubtless be established some sustained by legislative appropriations, others dependent upon voluntary contributions. The Patriot Orphan Home, at Flushing, Long Island, has a history that will repay perusal : The New York Ladies' Educational Union w T as organized as a societv in THE PATRIOT ORPHAN HOME. 485 December, 1861, and incorporated March 7th, 1862. Its object was to estab- lish an educational industrial institution and asylum, where the homeless or destitute children of deceased or disabled soldiers might receive food, cloth- ing, mental and moral instruction, with such training in the arts of daily life as would fit them for usefulness, and enable them to earn a respectable sup- port. The society began with small means, and the first expenses were defrayed by the members alone. In May, they rented a building in the Sixth Avenue, New York, capable of comfortably accommodating fifty children. It was immediately filled, and hundreds of applicants sought admission in vain. The situation of some of these children was so distressing that the society, though unable to receive them, temporarily took charge of them, and paid for their board in private families. A subscription was soon afterwards set on foot, to obtain the necessary funds for the purchase of commodious buildings and grounds, in the country, though not far from the city, where three hun- dred children, at least, might obtain shelter, education, and a temporary home. Encouraged by the contributions made, though the sum needed was far from being secured, the managers, acting in accordance with the advice of the Board of Counsellors, purchased an estate at Flushing, Long Island. The building was as large as was desired ; while the grounds, eight acres under cul- tivation or laid down to grass, furnished both kitchen -garden and playground. In view of the object to which his property was to be devoted, the proprietor made a liberal deduction from his intended price. On the 2d of May, 1863, the fifty children moved, with their scant furniture and wardrobe, from the brick walls of the city to their pleasant country home. They met their mothers at the ferry, and said or wept or laughed good-by. At the gates of Flushing, a two-by-two procession was formed of those not too young to walk. When they reached the lawn, to quote the " Patriot Orphan Home," such shouts of delight and merriment never were heard before. " The girls scampered away hither and yon, while the boys went turning som- ersaults upon the grass, all the way up to the house. They were too full of joy for any thing. They could hardly trust their senses, so great was the change. This house to be theirs ! The grass theirs ! The birds theirs ! The shade-trees theirs ! The garden theirs! They were bewildered; and no wonder." Two ceremonies then took place : the first, that of dedication ; the second, that of inauguration ; the first, religious ; the second, gastronomic ; first prayer, then dinner. The divine blessing was invoked upon the enterprise by clergymen of Flushing, then the doors of the festal hall were opened wide to all who had crossed the threshold. Upon this slender foundation did what 486 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. may one day be the noble Orphan Home of New York, commence its beneficent career.* In July, the managers gave the children a pic-nic, in a grove near the Home ; and a feature of it that speaks well for the atmosphere breathed by the dwellers on Flushing Bay, was the fact that every child in the institution was there, waiting for the wagon. Not one upon the sick list ! Nobody on fur- lough ! Even the baby was there ; and the history of this baby that, perhaps, of ten thousand others is the history of war orphans the world over. Its father, a young man of twenty-three years, had been in the twenty odd battles of the Army of the Potomac, and for many months had heaid nothing from his family. Having returned home on sick leave, he found that his wife and child had disappeared, leaving no trace. After a long search in the pub- lic institutions, he found his child on Eandall's Island, and, in Bellevue Hos- pital, the record of the death of his wife. The soldier took the baby, and having been fortunate enough to hear of the Home for the Orphans of Patriots, delivered her to the matron, and returned to the army then girding itself for the struggle at Gettysburg. The flag of the Home, the gift of sympathetic friends, was raised on the 4th of July, by Master Brady and an assistant. Ice-cream, cake, and the Star-spangled Banner, were incidental features of this agreeable festival. * At this time, the officers of tbc Patriot Orphan Home were as follows : BOARD OF OFFICERS AND MANAGERS. President, MBS. WM. TOPPING. Recording Secretary, MRS. H. ZABRISKIE. MRS. GEN. WM. K. STRONG, STEPHEN CUTTER, JOHN CHISHOLM, J. M. GUST IN, JAMES DEMAREST, J. D. SMITH, JOSIAH SUTHERLAND, A. MERWIN, JAMES SMILLIE, MRS. PELL, " LOOMIS WHITE, OFFICERS. Vice-Presidetit, MRS. C. L. MONELL. Corresponding Secretaries. MRS. EDWARD FITCH, MRS. G. W. HUNTSMAN, Flushing. Treasurer, MRS. WM. J. HADDOCK. MANAGERS. MRS. E. J. ERWIN, J. S. BACKUS, BENJAMIN P. BAKER. DR. E. WEST, RICHARD ARNOLD, S. A. SPENCER, L. J. SMITH, S. H. WALES, E. ANTHONY, Miss L. A. HALSTEAD. FLUSHING MANAGERS. MRS. BOAVNE, " LEAVITT, Miss LILA DAVIS. MRS. J. H. COLGATE, J. A. KENNEDY, EDGAR PINCHOT, WM. GALE, JAMES COCKS, CHARLES THURBER, DR. R. P. PERRY, GEORGE GIFFORD, Miss M SEYMOUR, MRS. S. B. PARSONS, " HOBTON, THE PATRIOT ORPHAN HOME. 487 The coming of these interesting orphans had from the first excited a lively interest among the inhabitants of Flushing. It was no idle sympathy, nor was it only evinced on holidays and merry-makings. The table was for a time and when such aid was most needed r spread from the regular contri- butions of the ladies of the village ; and as winter approached, and the con- viction that boys must have overcoats and girls warm cloaks was strengthened as the sun declined towards the South, the children of Flushing determined upon an Orphans' Fair. At the first meeting to discuss matters, three children were present ; they resolved to meet once a week at each other's houses, to make things which they would sell somewhere and at some time. One very small girl importuned an influential father till he was compelled to purchase release by exclaiming: "Very well, you shall have it, then." The IT referred to was the Town Hall of Flushing, thus obtained for the fair. Another child asked her father what HE was going to do for the orphans. He said he did not know ; he had not thought ; per- haps he should do nothing. But he laid the subject before that corporation of which it would be a calumny to say that it has no soul, the New York Stock Exchange, and came back with $500. The fair took place on the 9th of September, and was what might have been fairly expected a touching spectacle of youth, beauty, and purity ; ladies animated by the best of motives, children living under good and healthy influence, the one laboring for the other, the orphans hardly knowing or realizing their orphanage, while music, flowers, song, and evergreens enclosed the picture in their graceful framework. Thir- teen hundred dollars were soon after paid into the treasury of the Home, and sundry bills from tailors, hatters, shoemakers, and dealers in cloaks, jeans, and blankets, which were presented and paid during the following month, told a very comfortable story of winter suits, both every-day and Sunday best, for one hundred and two boys and girls. The ladies of the Home have been singularly successful in obtaining the means necessary for its support since it has been fairly established. Many 'PA, WHAT AKE I'OU UOINU TO I>O ?" 488 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. have acted as regular agents and collectors, and pay large monthly sums into the treasury ; among these may be mentioned Mrs. General McClellan, Mrs. Wm. Gale, Jr., Mrs. S. B. Parsons, Mrs. John Chisholm, Mrs. Wm. F. Lee, Mrs. C. L. Monell, Mrs. Stephen Cutter, Mrs. II. Zabriskie, Mrs. T. A. Atwood, Mrs. Wm. J. Haddock, Mrs. Edwin Fitch, Mrs. Edward Anthony, Mrs. Wm. Topping, Mrs. S. A. Spencer, Mrs. Carey Murdock, Mrs. Palen, Mrs. J. D. Smith. The legislature of the state lately made an appropriation of $3,000 in favor of the Home, and Mr. Chauncy W. Rose, endowing it with the generous donation of $20,000, cleared it from all liabilities, and made it an Orphans' Home forever. Still, it of course depends upon the collections of the year for the year's current expenses. The prosperity of the institution augmented as the war drew to a close. A collection for its support in St. George's Church, New York, reached the sum of $1,000; Dr. Adams's Church gave nearly $400; the Seventh Regiment, $200 ; an amateur concert at Dr. Ward's, $550 ; and annual subscriptions and chance contributions came in with unusual promptitude and frequency. And when recruiting was stopped and the draft suspended, what better could the ward committees do with the balances remaining in their hands than intrust them to the Flushing managers ? The recruiting committees of the Ninth, Sixteenth, and Twenty-first Wards of New York, asking themselves this question, answered it by adding $3,000 to their fund. An entertainment at the Academy of Music, and a concert at Irving Hall, brought $3,600 into the treasury, where they were speedily joined by $1,000 from Mr. Brewster, of Flushing, and $500 from Mr. Whistler, of Frankfort-on-the-Main. In a letter of acknowledgment sent to certain officers of the Russian navy at San Francisco, upon the receipt of $266 from them, Dr. Tyng said: " The institution to which we have appropriated their generous gift is a prospering Home, for more than one hundred of the orphans of soldiers and sailors of the United States, and will be enlarged, in coming prosperity, to be a happy home for similar thousands." It is probable that the Home, if the managers succeed in their purpose to raise $50,000, will be removed some distance into the country, and be estab- lished upon a larger scale than has been found possible at Flushing. From "The Patriot Orphan Home," a monthly sheet, of which twelve numbers were issued, we make the following extract : " The number of families bereaved by the war cannot be counted. Five hundred thousand lives are supposed to have been extinguished in this struggle. This estimate, perhaps, was not intended to include the rebel loss. Of this THE WIDOW AND ORPHAN. 489 enormous expenditure of vitality we may suppose that half, at least, were men with families. The wail of sorrow, then, from this great multitude of widows and orphans, is like the moaning of a tempest at sea. In the family circle, in the immediate neighborhood, it is heard, ancl finds a responsive sympathy from those who witness the household desolation. But the great swell-tide of THE WIDOW AND OKI'IIAX. active humanity rolls on, unconscious of the existing agony. It invades not the business mart. It disturbs not the circles of gayety. It steals no ray of sunshine from the surging mass on our fashionable thoroughfares. To all these, it is as if it were not. But the real fact is, that spread over the vast 490 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. area of states North, East, and "West the grief of widowhood and orphanage is a sad and overwhelming calamity. Around one single hospital that at Frederick, Maryland there are more than three thousand soldiers' graves, marked by the head-board which the government provides. And this is by no means one of our largest hospitals. ' The graves,' said a delegate of the Sanitary Commission, ' are marked, not by numbers, but by acres.' The soli- tudes of the wilderness are rendered more solitary by these sleeping dead. The humble mounds by every river-bank, along every highway, and scat- tered over every field and forest, mark the heroic struggle for our country's defence." On the 6th of May, 1864, the Governor of Pennsylvania approved an act of the legislature authorizing him to accept the sum of $50,000 from the Pennsylvania Railroad Company for the education and maintenance of sol- diers' orphans, and soon after appointed the Hon. Thomas H. Burrowes to the superintendence of the expenditure. Persons entitled to the benefit of the act were declared to be " children of either sex under the age of fifteen, resident in Pennsylvania at the time of the application, and dependent upon either public or private charity for support, or on the exertions of a mother or other person destitute of means to afford proper education and maintenance ; of fathers who have been killed, or died of wounds received, or of disease con- tracted, in the service of the United States, whether in volunteer or militia regiments of this state, or in the regular army or the naval service of the United States, but who were at the time of entering such service actual bona fide residents of Pennsylvania." It was decided that the orphans should be clad in a neat, plain, uniform dress, according to sex, and supplied with comfortable lodgings, a sufficiency of wholesome food, and proper attendance when sick ; that they should be physically developed, the boys by military drill or gymnastic training, accord- ing to age, and the girls by calisthenic and other exercises ; that they should be habituated to industry and the use of tools while at school, by the various household and domestic pursuits and mechanical and horticultural employ- ments suitable to the respective sexes ; that they should receive a full course of intellectual culture in the ordinary branches of a useful English education, having especial reference to fundamental principles and practical results ; and be carefully trained in moral and religious principles, the latter as nearly approaching as might be to the known denominational preference of the parents. It was not proposed to build a home, or keep up any separate establishment THE NORTHERN HOME FOR FRIENDLESS CHILDREN. 491 whatever, but simply to place the orphans in suitable institutions in the twelve normal school districts of the state, to pay their expenses there, to see that contracts entered into in regard to them were faithfully kept, and that the orphans, when of the proper age, were u apprenticed to responsible em- ployers. The munificent donation of the Pennsylvania Railroad was looked upon as the nest-egg of a fund to be hereafter raised, and contributions were asked of the patriotic and humane. Large additions are constantly made to it. The managers of " The Northern Home for Friendless Children," of Phila- delphia, an institution in existence long before the war, and supported in part by legislative and municipal appropriations, in part by voluntary con- tributions, passed a resolution in January, 1864, to the effect that "the state owes a debt of gratitude to our soldiers and sailors such as can never be repaid by any act of ours, and that, therefore, the additional building recently erected for the use of The Northern Home for Friendless Children be spe- cially appropriated as a temporary asylum for the children of those in the army and navy who have fallen in the present war, until a permanent home can be established for them by the State of Pennsylvania" This building was soon after dedicated to the purpose thus indicated. During the last fiscal year of the Home, some $6,000 were received from private sources. The nucleus of a home for soldiers' orphan sons exists at Suspension Bridge, Niagara County, New York, where Colonel and Mrs. Young have established The Niagara Volunteer Institute, supported entirely by private bounty. The cadets, as the boys are called, their education being strictly military, visit the principal cities of the country from time to time, exhibiting their proficiency in the manual, and eliciting not only verbal encomiums, but pecuniary en- couragement. As these pages go to press, the interest of the public, lately divided among so many benevolent objects, is very naturally centring upon orphan homes and asylums for the permanently disabled. And we have to close this record by confessing that in this respect it is incomplete rejoicing, indeed, that it is so ; for what we have been able to set down as having been done for the widow and orphan, does not bear a just proportion to the promises either explicitly or tacitly made to the husband and father. It had been the purpose of the author to include in this volume a state- ment of what he who was President of the United States when it was com- menced, had done for the war and the soldiers, in the ways and by the methods 492 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. of which, these pages are the chronicles. We had intended to collect the items of his contributions, his gifts of original documents and of mammoth oxen, of salary undrawn and interest overdue. But by his death such details have been rendered trivial impertinent, indeed; and, strictly speaking, Mr. Lincoln has no place in this book. Even had he given substantial aid, in the form recorded here, by millions, it would be puerile to set it down, to be dwarfed by the mighty overshadowing monuments of his life and achieve- ments. So, having nothing to say which would not be trifling, if within the scope of the subject, and nothing which would not be irrelevant, if beyond it, and yet unwilling that a book recording certain incidents in the preservation of the Union should not contain at least the lineaments of him who was its preserver, we lay down the pen and invoke the aid of the pencil and the burin. The artist may perhaps do gracefully and acceptably what the pen- man cannot do at all ; the one may succeed where the other's success is not even to be desired. And now for that summary of the voluntary contributions of the war which has been promised in the closing chapter. The author may the more properly call attention thus repeatedly to these figures, as he has been assisted in their preparation by gentlemen who have made not only general statistics. but these special data, the constant subject of their study. CHAPTER XX. A WORK like this would be incomplete without an attempt to group under one head the various forms of the philanthropy and private generosity of the war, and to arrive at the grand total in dollars and cents. The data necessary for this are not of equal value, in point of precision, in all departments of the inquiry. While the records and reports of the commissions, the aid societies, the relief associations, the committees, give with commendable accuracy the amounts which have been received and disbursed by them, the more extensive department of private bounty money, of individual encouragement of enlist- ments, of subscriptions made in behalf of drafted men, and the hardly less important phase of relief extended to the families of volunteers, find us abso- lutely without a basis upon which to found an investigation. Doubtless, certain wards, certain committees, certain towns, kept records of the aid thus obtained and extended ; but the arduous labor of collecting them, throughout so wide an extent of country, has not been undertaken, except in one state. And when collected there is no certainty and there can be none that they would be complete. Let the reader reflect for a moment in what an infinite variety of ways assistance has been rendered to the volunteer himself, and to the wives and children left behind. Even supposing that the mere subscrip- tion lists could be gathered from the twenty loyal states, what portion of the aid given would they represent ? Only that portion which was public, which had been rendered in organized methods, and the record of which had sur- vived the month or the year. All that had been privately done, as well as that which, though at the time matter of general knowledge, had been 494 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. afterwards forgotten, would be necessarily omitted. This single reflection is sufficient to show that, whatever may be the result of an inquiry like that we are attempting, it must be under the truth that we cannot err except upon the safe side. It has been said that one state only has made an effort to discover the facts in this interesting question the state of New York. The legislature created, in 1863, a Bureau of Military Statistics, one of the objects of which was de- clared to be the rendering of "an account of the aid afforded by the several towns, cities, and counties of the state." Colonel Lock wood L. Doty was made chief of this bureau, and his two annual reports, those of 1864 and 1865, furnish the only material we have for prosecuting the present inquiry. From the later of the two reports we make extracts showing how minute have been the details of the investigation, and how valuable the record must be, when completed, in spite of inevitable deficiency in some respects : " Record books, containing printed forms for obtaining a complete account of the services of regiments, companies, and batteries, are in use in the bureau. They comprehend a series of inquiries, covering the authority, when and to whom granted, as well as the time, place, and circumstances attending the formation ; a specific account of each company, where and by whom raised ; a record of bounties, and other aid, received from the state, from counties, cities, towns, and individuals ; the time when recruiting was begun, and when completed ; the inspection, term of enlistment, account of flags, departure from the state, assignment to duty, movements, specific details of battles, skir- mishes, and other services, casualties, sanitary history, and facts connected with termination of service. The inquiries contemplate a statement so full as to enable every march to be traced upon a map, and so complete as to afford a satisfactory knowledge of the services of the organization, should every thing in memory or tradition pass away." " Books for collecting and preserving a detailed account of the aid afforded in towns, cities, and counties, have been in use by the bureau during the past year. The information is systematically sought from official and other sources, and embraces as well what has been done by taxation and loans as by individ- ual liberality and effort, by fairs, churches, schools, academies, and other organized means ; also the influence of the war upon pauperism and crime, and upon banking and general business interests. " Two fifths of the towns and counties of the state were visited during the past year for statistics, by agents of the bureau. From these our account is quite complete, down to a period varying from July 1st to December 31st, SUMMARY. 495 1864 ; but the largely enhanced cost of travel prevented a visit to every town, and we were therefore obliged to rely upon correspondence to accomplish the rest. This mode has been only measurably successful." It thus appears that returns from less than half the state had been received, and that these came down to a period in no case later than the 31st of Decem- ber, 1864. The statement is made in another portion of the report, that these returns had been made " wholly or in part," that is, that all were not complete. They were from four hundred and forty towns (out of nine hundred and forty in the state), mainly of the rural districts, and represented a population of eight hundred and seventy-one thousand. The sums raised in these towns, by these people, to promote enlistments and to relieve drafted men, amounted to $943,000, in round numbers. This proportion of eight hundred and sev- enty-one thousand persons furnishing $943,000, may doubtless be extended to the whole of the state, which would give, for the three million eight hun- dred and eighty-one thousand inhabitants, $4,200,000. But as the returns were made " wholly or in part," and as they do not embrace, in all cases, the later months of 1864, and, in no case, the earlier months of 1865, it will not be too much to increase this to $5,800,000, as the voluntary self-assessment of the people of New York, for the purpose of promoting enlistments. This result, thus obtained for one state, is all we have to serve as a clue to the contributions of twenty-five other states. The question at once arises, how far it is prudent to employ it as a basis in other calculations. It is probable that, while it may be safe enough in the Eastern and Middle States, it may be somewhat too high throughout the West, where men were more readily obtained, and where there were fewer compact settlements, inhabited by persons able to contribute large sums. Taking the population of the loyal states at about twenty millions, we may divide it into two parts, of ten mil- lions each, the first giving one dollar and fifty cents per inhabitant; the second, one dollar and thirty cents. This, set down in tabular form, would be as follows : Contributions of the Eastern and Atlantic States, for the promo- tion of enlistments and the relief of drafted men, in all the various forms which have been mentioned in the foregoing pages, $15,000,000 Contributions of the Western and Central States for the same purpose, .... . 13,000,000 $28,000,000 496 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. The sums given in aid of the families of volunteers can only be arrived at by a similar process. Col- onel Doty's report states the amount contributed by eight hundred and seventy-one thousand per- sons reporting wholly or in part and up to a period extending from July to December, 1864, as $107,000. This would make the total contributions of New York for this purpose $477,000 ; and this, considered incomplete as above, might be increased to $650,000. The cal- culation, carried out as before, would give as the contributions of the loyal states for the relief of the families of volunteers, about three and a half millions. But there are certain reasons for be- lieving that this result is very much below the truth. The New England States made special preparation, by pledges given by wealthy men, by collections taken up in the churches, and in other ways, for the support of soldiers' families ; and throughout the country the salaries of en- listed men were regularly paid to their families for three, six, and sometimes twelve months. The Association for Improving the Condition of the Poor, in New York, estimates the amount ex- pended by itself upon soldiers' families in one year at $40,000. We shall be under-estimating the sums devoted by the whole country to this purpose, in putting it at ;>.;.. . ; \ * . .-" . $4,500,000 [Even this result will doubtless appear small to many readers ; but it must be remembered that taxa- tion was largely resorted to, to obtain the funds neces- sary for the partial support of soldiers' families. As payments had to be made regularly, in monthly or quarterly sums, it was hardly possible to depend upon voluntary contributions, to any great extent. Five cities of New York and those not the largest Buffalo, Eochester, Syracuse, Poughkeepsie, and SUMMARY. 497 Brooklyn, raised by taxation nearly $1,200,000, for the relief of the families of volunteers.] Under this head are to be included, of course, not only the amounts obtained by subscription, as in the earlier period, but those contributed by associations, as in the case of the police force of New York ; those obtained by entertainments, concerts, &c., &c., and in all the methods which have been referred to in these pages. We come now to the efforts made, and the money given in aid of those efforts, to promote the health and efficiency of the army mainly through the Sani- tary Commission. As strict accounts have been kept by the treasurer of every dollar and of every package intrusted to the Commission, there is no difficulty in regard to the figures, which may be stated as follows : Cash received by the Sanitary Commission, up to the 1st of January, 1865, $3,471,000 Cash received by the Sanitary Commission, from the 1st of January, 1865, to the close of the war, including the proceeds of the second Chicago fair (estimated), 500,000 Value of the supplies received by the Sanitary Com- mission (a portion, for the later months, esti- mated), . 9,000,000 12,971,000 But, as the Branches of the Commission did not always turn into the general treasury the entire sums collected by them, by fairs, contributions, &c., and as these sums are therefore not in- cluded in the foregoing item, it is necessary to set them down separately. Now these branches, at Boston, Philadelphia, Buffalo, Brooklyn, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, Chicago, Cincinnati, so far retained their independent character that they expended a considerable part of their money receipts, and a part of their supplies, for local purposes, which did not belong to the general 32 498 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. plan of the Commission. Thus, Cincinnati and Chicago both established and supported sol- diers' homes of their own, and aided soldiers' families, hospitals, &c., from funds which were not reported to the general treasury. Thus, $40,000 from Boston, $100,000 from Brooklyn, $160,000 from Cincinnati, $60,000 from Chicago, $200,000 from Pittsburgh, were retained, and never passed directly into the general treasury. Though a portion may have been received and acknowledged in the form of supplies, yet the total amount of sums to be mentioned apart from the receipts of the Sanitary Commission, in this form, cannot be under . ' v ' i * ?! ; . v . $1,000,000 It was said in the chapter treating of the Sanitary Commission, that large amounts of money and large quantities of supplies were sent to the army before the Commission was organized ; and that many of the aid societies continued to act inde- pendently of the Commission, even after its or- ganization. As these values do not appear in the returns of the Commission, and as, indeed, they have not been collected, and do not appear in these columns elsewhere, it becomes necessary to estimate them. Some persons have placed them as high as the acknowledged receipts of the Com- mission itself; but we shall probably be nearer the truth, if we record them as of the value of v . 5,000,000 A hint or two will suffice to show that this esti- mate is a low one : One single lady, not connected with either of the Commissions or Aid Societies, who distributed only what was sent her by churches and individuals, and who kept accurate accounts of her receipts, disbursed over $20,000 in money and $300,000 in supplies, during the war. Others did nearly or quite as much; and in the West, after the battles of Fort Donelson, Shiloh, and Perryville, SUMMARY. 499 contributions were sent to the field from almost every town. Steamboat load after steamboat load as- cended the Tennessee, till Savannah landing seemed like the levee of a great city. After the battle of Bull Kun, Adams' Express had on hand more than one hundred and fifty tons of supplies sent to the soldiers, which they could not deliver, besides the thousands of tons they did deliver. [The farewell of the Women's Central Associa- tion of Relief, of !N"ew York one of the societies from which the Sanitary Commission sprang was issued too late to appear in this volume under the proper heading. We therefore make no apology for introducing it here. The pith of the article was con- tained in the following resolutions : " Resolved, That the Women's Central Association of Relief cannot dissolve without expressing its sense of the value and satisfaction of its connection with the United States Sanitary Commission, whose confi- dence, guidance, and support it has enjoyed for four years past. In now breaking the formal tie that has bound us together, we leave unbroken the bond of perfect sympathy, gratitude, and affection which has grown up between us. "Resolved, That we owe a deep debt of grati- tude to our Associate Managers, who have so ably represented our interests in the different sections of our field of duty, and that to their earnest, unflagging, and patriotic exertions much of the success which has followed our labors is due. ;< Resolved, That to the Soldiers' Aid Societies, which form the working constituency of this Associa- tion, we offer the tribute of our profound respect and admiration for their zeal, constancy, and patience to the end. Their boxes and their letters have been alike our support and our inspiration. They have kept our hearts hopeful and our confidence in our cause always firm. Henceforth the women of America 500 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. are banded in town and country as the men are from city and field. "We have wrought, and thought, and prayed together, as our soldiers have fought, and bled, and conquered, shoulder to shoulder ; and from this hour, the womanhood of our country is knit in a com- mon bond, which the softening influences of peace must not, and shall not, weaken or dissolve. May God's blessing rest upon every Soldiers' Aid Society in the list of our contributors, and on every individual worker in their ranks. " Resolved, That to our band of volunteer aids, the ladies, who, in turn, have so long and usefully labored in the details of our work at these rooms, we give our hearty and affectionate thanks, feeling that their unflagging devotion and cheerful presence have added largely to the efficiency and pleasure of our labors. Their record, however hidden, is on high, and they have in their own hearts the joyful testimony, that in their country's peril and need they were not found wanting. " Resolved, That the thanks of this Association are due to the ladies who have at different times served upon the board, but are no longer members of it ; and that we recall, in this hour of parting, the mem- ory of each and all who have lent us the light of their countenance and the help of their hands. Especially do we recognize the valuable aid rendered by the members of our Registration Committee, who, in the early days of this Association, superintended the training of a band of one hundred women nurses for our army hospitals. The successful introduction of this system is chiefly due to the zeal and capacity of these ladies. " Resolved, That in dissolving this Association, we desire to express the gratitude we owe to Divine Providence, for permitting the members of this board to work together in so great and glorious a cause, and upon so large and successful a scale, to maintain for SUMMARY. 501 so long a period relations of such, affection and re- spect, and now to part with such deep and grateful memories of our work and of each other." Collections of the Western Sanitary Commission, money and stores, including the proceeds of the Mississippi Valley Fair, . . . . Receipts of the Illinois Commissioner-General, an offi- cer appointed to collect money and stores from the people of his state, . '. ~ ''. . .' . '. Receipts of the Iowa Sanitary Commission, up to the period of its incorporation with the Sanitary, and Western Sanitary, Commissions, . Collections of the Indiana Sanitary Commission, cash and supplies, first year, . . - " . Collections of the Indiana Sanitary Commission, cash and supplies, second year, . . Collections of the Indiana Sanitary Commission, cash and supplies, third year, . . ' , Collections of the Indiana Sanitary Commission, cash and supplies, in 1865 (estimated), Collections of the Philadelphia Ladies' Aid, money and stores, . . . - ., - , - . , , [We include in this return what was not men- tioned in the text an immense quantity of stores re- ceived by Mrs. Harris upon the field, which did not pass through the hands of the recording officers of the society.] Collections of the Ladies' Union Aid Society of St. Louis, money and stores, Collections of the Ladies' Union Relief Association of Baltimore, money and stores, Collections of four similar societies in Baltimore, . Receipts of the New England Soldiers' Relief Asso- ciation of New York, money, .... Receipts of the New England Soldiers' Relief Asso- ciation of New York, supplies, . $2,800,000 500.000 $108,000 138,000 223,000 65,000 $0,000 200,000 175,000 534,000 , , 320,000 150.000 60,000 30.000 240,000 502 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Keceipts of the Soldiers' Best, New York, and such portion of the receipts of the State Soldiers' Depot, New York, as were due to private bounty, . . . , - $25,000 Receipts of the Penn Belief Association of Philadel- phia, cash, . . -afc4 . . . . .. $12,000 Receipts of the Penn Relief Association of Philadel- phia, supplies, 37,000 49,000 Receipts of the Rose Hill Ladies' Soldiers' Relief As- sociation of New York, money and stores, . . . 25,000 Value of the contributions, in money and stores, made casually by visitors to the two hundred and thirty- three government hospitals, established in differ- ent parts of the country (estimate), ..... 2,225,000 Collections of the Christian Commission, money and supplies, first year, $231,000 Collections of the Christian Commission, money and supplies, second year, . . ... 917,000 Collections of the Christian Commission, money and supplies, third year, . . . . . . 2,882,000 Collections of the Christian Commission, money and supplies, in 1865 (estimate), . . . , . . . 500,000 4,530,000 [The above figures of the Christian Commission include the value of telegraph and railroad facilities, of delegates' services, and of publications furnished by tract and Bible societies.] Value of the tracts, Testaments, hymn-books, and other religious publications, distributed in the army and navy, by the American Bible Society and the American Tract Society, and other similar publishing associations, exclusive of those in- cluded in the reports of the Christian Commis- sion, . . . . . . . >V : ' "V '.;" . 300,000 Value of the railroad, express, and telegraph facilities, given to commissions, societies, &c., exclusive of those included in the reports of the Christian Commission, . . . '..< .' ' ./ .-*-'." 1,300,000 SUMMARY. 503 [Those who, remembering the immense work done gratuitously by these corporations and companies, consider this a low estimate, will do well to remember that when the government made the railways military roads, the unpaid transportation of sanitary and hos- pital stores of necessity ceased.] Collections of the New England Freedmen's Aid Society, money and stores, . Collections of the National Freedmen's Relief Asso- ciation of New York, money and stores, Receipts of the Pennsylvania Freedmen's Relief As- sociation, . . . . . Receipts of the Orthodox Friends' Association of Philadelphia (Freedmen's Relief), exclusive of foreign contributions, . Receipts of the Hicksite Friends' Association of Phil- adelphia (Freedmen's Relief), Receipts of the Northwestern Freedmen's Aid Soci- ety of Chicago, . . . . . . . Amount raised in Philadelphia and New York for recruiting negro regiments, . . ' Amount raised in New York for the relief of the negro victims of the riot of July, 1863, . Amount raised in New York for the benefit of mem- bers of the fire department, of the police force, and of the National Guard, injured in the riot, Collections of various international relief committees, in New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, &c., in behalf of the distressed operatives of Great Brit- ain, ......... Collection made in New England in behalf of the East Tennesseans, by a committee of which Ed- ward Everett was chairman, . Collections of the Pennsylvania Relief Association for East Tennessee, ....... Collections of the American Union Commission, cash and clothing, ....... $126,000 400,000 61,000 100,000 12,000 140,000 50,000 41,000 55,000 347,000 102,000 30,000 70,000 504 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Collections of the New England Refugees' Aid Society, a branch, of the above, . Fund collected in New York, -Boston, and Philadel- phia, for the relief of the people of Savannah, in January and February, 1865, . Fund collected in Philadelphia, for the relief of the people of Chambersburg, in the summer of 1864, Fund collected in Baltimore, for the same purpose, . Receipts of the Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon of Philadelphia, cash, Receipts of the Union Volunteer Refreshment Saloon of Philadelphia, supplies, Receipts of the Cooper-Shop Refreshment Saloon of Philadelphia, cash, Receipts of the Cooper-Shop Refreshment Saloon of Philadelphia, supplies, Receipts of the Citizens' Union Volunteer Hospital Association of Philadelphia, cash and supplies, . Receipts of the Union Relief Association of Balti- more, cash and supplies, Receipts of the Pittsburgh Subsistence Committee, before the transfer of their duties, Amount spent by the fire companies of Philadelphia, and by the Ladies' Transit Aid Association, in the conveyance of the wounded from the boats to the hospitals, Amount spent, or received in provisions, for the army and navy Thanksgiving dinner of 1864, Amount spent in previous festival dinners for the army and navy, Proceeds of the National Sailors' Fair, held in Boston, in November, 1864, Amounts presented to Major Anderson, General Meade, Captain Worden, and others, . Fund raised in Philadelphia for the family of General Birney, ; . $87.000 30,000 58,000 20,000 $25,000 100,000 35,000 3,000 78,000 85,000 180,000 45,000 28,000 300,000 100,000 247,000 70,000 50,000 SUMMARY. 505 Amount presented in five-twenty government bonds, by merchants in New York, to Admiral Farragut, Amount raised to purchase a house, lot, and furniture, for General Grant, in Philadelphia, Amount raised in New York to distribute among the officers and men of the Kearsarge, after the de- struction of the Alabama, . Fund raised for a statue of General Sedgwick, . Other contributions for statues, monuments, &c., Eeceipts of the Patriots' Orphan Home, at Flushing, Long Island, ....... Donation of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, for the maintenance and education of soldiers' or- phans, . Other donations to the same fund, Such portion of the receipts of the Northern Home for Friendless Children, Philadelphia, as have been devoted to the maintenance of soldiers' orphans, ........ Eeceipts of other orphan homes, . . . . . Net receipts of a fair held in Milwaukee, in June and July, 1865, for an asylum for disabled Wisconsin soldiers, ....... Endowment made by the Roosevelt Estate to estab- lish a Soldiers' Home, ..... Amount of various scholarships established in colleges for soldiers and soldiers' children of which there are over two hundred averaging $200 annual income, ....... General B. F. Butler's endowment of a scholarship in Phillips' Academy, for a soldier's son, . Value of frigate Yanderbilt, presented to the govern- ment by Cornelius Yanderbilt, Commissions returned to the government by William H. Aspinwall, ...... Salary of Solicitor-General Whiting, not drawn, . Amount spent by Miss Clara Barton in aiding soldiers and in keeping a list of missing men, . $50,000 50,000 25,000 20,000 35 ; 000 65,000 50,000 20,000 10,000 20,000 110,000 1,000,000 70,000 5,000 800,000 25,000 20,000 10,000 506 THE TRIBUTE BOOK. Amount spent in entertaining soldiers in the summer of 1865, on their way home (outside of that dis- bursed by the Sanitary Commission), $20,O n O Grand total, $69,696,000 These seventy millions might easily be increased to one hundred millions, were we willing to depart even a hair's-breadth from the line traced out in our plan. We have not included one cent obtained by taxation ; and yet the sums voted for bounties in very many towns might fairly be embraced in the list, for the reason that the vote, in full meetings, was unanimous. A unani- mous vote to tax is nothing less than a subscription, signed by every tax- payer, in amounts proportioned to the property of each. A statistician, curi- ous in such matters, has made a calculation that the sum-total of bounty moneys, voted with such unanimity that they might justly be considered sub- scribed, reaches fifteen millions at least. Not venturing to include this in our summary, we feel justified in referring to it here. Again, the war has stimulated the giving of money for educational and religious purposes in a very remarkable degree. No less than five millions of dollars have been bestowed upon or left by will to colleges and seats of learning in the last four years ; and church debts, to the amount of ten mil- lions, have been obliterated in the same time. This is vastly in excess of the sum devoted to the sama objects in the four years preceding. Doubtless a portion of this liberality must be ascribed to the inflation of the currency and the abundance of money ; but four-fifths of it were due to the revival of inter- est in the weighty matters of religion and education, consequent upon a war which was so largely the result of ignorance in matters both spiritual and tem- poral. This is not, however, the first time that war has been followed by a marked revival in the interest felt in the mental and moral improvement of a people to whom the blessings of peace have been restored. Seventy millions ! Seventy millions, which might be made one hundred with a stroke of the pen ! Let the world know the story of these millions, how they were gotten, how spent, and Solomon to the contrary notwith- standing the world will readily acknowledge that at length there is A NEW THING UNDER THE SUN. ADAMS, EXPRESS . AID RENDERED TO WASHINGTON'S ARMY AID SOCIETIES .... AMATEUR THEATRICALS AMERICAN UNION COMMISSION ANDERSON, JAMES ASPINWALL, WM. H. AUSTIN, NEVADA BAILEY & Co., PHILADELPHIA BARILI, ANTONIO BELLOWS, H. TF. ... BIRD'S-NEST BANK OF KALAMAZOO . BLACKBERRIES FOR THE SOLDIERS BROADWAY TABERNACLE BRYAN, T. B. . B. 0. CALIFORNIA ...... GARY, ALICE AND PHOIBE CHAMBERSBURG RELIEF .... CHRISTIAN COMMISSION .... CITIZENS' UNION VOLUNTEER HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAGE 38 and passim. 15 . Ill . 444, 479 . 407 67 . 65 463 . 256 224 80, 92, 98, 469 373 . 102 39 161, 427 91 . 41 412 . 336 421 508 INDEX. PAGE COLEMAN, WM. T. ......... 90 COLT, SAMUEL .......... 38 COLTER, VINCENT ........ 337, 473 COMMISSION, AMERICAN UNION ....... 407 COMMISSION, CHRISTIAN . . . . . . . . .336 COMMISSION, INDIANA SANITARY . . . . . . .319 COMMISSION, IOWA SANITARY . . . . . . . .317 COMMISSION, UNITED STATES SANITARY . . . . . . 77 COMMISSION, WESTERN SANITARY ....... 293 COMMISSIONS, STATE SANITARY . . . . . . .316 COOPER-SHOP REFRESHMENT SALOON . . . . . . .415 CUSHMAN, CHARLOTTE ........ 225, 250 D. DENT, ROBERT .......... 40 E. EAST TENNESSEE ......... 387, 409 EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION . . . . . . . .161 EVERETT, EDWARD ........ 387, 414, 442 EXPRESS COMPANIES ....... 244 and passim. F. FAIR, SANITARY, LOWELL ........ 158 " " CHICAGO 159 " " BOSTON ........ 171 " " ROCHESTEE . . . . . . .172 " " GREAT WESTERN, CINCINNATI . . . .178 " " BROOKLYN AND LONG ISLAND . . . . .190 " " ALBANY ....... 206 " NORTHERN OHIO, CLEVELAND . . . . .213 " POUGHKEEPSIE ....... 215 " METROPOLITAN, NEW YOKK . . . . .218 " PITTSBURGH ....... 245 " GREAT CENTRAL, PHILADELPHIA ..... 248 " NORTHERN IOWA, DCBUQUE ..... 277 " " ST. PAUL 283 " " CHICAGO, SECOND 286 " " MISSISSIPPI VALLEY . . . . . .305 " " MARYLAND STATE . . . . . .347 FARMER, J. W. . . . . . . . . . .31 FIRE AMBULANCE COMPANIES OF PHILADELPHIA ..... 428 FIRE DEPARTMENT OF NEW YORK ..... 222 INDEX. 509 PAGE FREEDMEN'S NEW ENGLAND AID SOCIETY ...... 367 " NATIONAL RELIEF ASSOCIATION ...... 369 PENNSYLVANIA RELIEF ASSOCIATION ..... 372 " NORTH-WESTERN AID SOCIETY ...... 372 ORTHODOX FRIENDS' ASSOCIATION ..... 372 HICKSITE FRIENDS' ASSOCIATION ...... 372 RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS . . . . . . .373 FrND FOR THE SEVENTH REGIMENT ...... .29 " UNION DEFENCE ........ 33 " FIRE ZOUAVE ......... 37 " LAWYERS' ......... 39 " MISSOURI .......... 47 " SUBSCRIBED BY AMERICANS IN PARIS ..... 47 " PHILADELPHIA BOUNTY ........ 50 " CAMBRIDGE LIFE INSURANCE ....... 63 " HANCOCK RECRUITING ........ 66 " THE ONION ......... 100 " BOSTON, FOR WESTERN SANITARY COMMISSION ..... 301 " FOE RECRUITING COLORED REGIMENTS ..... 37G, 379 " NEGRO RELIEF ......... 377 " POLICE, FIRE, AND NATIONAL GUARD RELIEF .... 379 " INTERNATIONAL RELIEF . ....... 383 " EAST TENNESSEE ........ 387 " CHAMBERSBURG RELIEF ........ 412 " SAVANNAH RELIEF ........ 413 " THANKSGIVING DINNER ........ 431 " MAJOR ANDERSON . . . . . . . . 450 " GENERAL MEADE ......... 450 " GENERAL BIRNEY ........ 451 " VICE- ADMIRAL FARRAGUT ........ 452 " GENERAL GRANT ........ 454 " KEARSARGE ......... 456 " GENERAL SHERMAN ........ 458 k ' GENERAL SEDGWICK ........ 460 " METROPOLITAN POLICE ....... 476 G. GORDON, REV. GEORGE ......... 91 GOTTSCIIALK, L. M. . . . . . . . . . 224 GRAY, WM. .......... 38 GRIDLEY, R. C. ......... 463 GRISWOLD, N. L. AND GEORGE ........ 384 510 INDEX. HICKSITK FRIENDS' ASSOCIATION HOGE, MRS. A. II. . H. 372 159, 164, 248 INDIANA SANITARY COMMISSION INTERNATIONAL BELIEF . IOWA SANITARY COMMISSION . JENKINS, J. FOSTER LINCOLN, TRIBUTE TO LIVERMOEE, MES. D. P. METEOPOLITAN POLICE MURDOCH, JAMES E. NEVADA J. L. M. N. O. O'BRIEN, FITZ JAMES .... OLMSTEAD, FEEDEBICK LAW ORTHODOX FRIENDS' ASSOCIATION OF PHILADELPHIA P. PENSION AGENCY PHELPS, MRS. COLONEL JOHN S. . PICTURES CONTRIBUTED BY ARTISTS . PLYMOUTH CHURCH PEOTECTIVE WAR CLAIM ASSOCIATION K. BAFFLING, ARGUMENT FOR AND AGAINST EEFEESHMENT SALOON, COOPEE-SHOP " " UNION VOLUNTEEB BEFUGEES' AID SOCIETY BELIEF ASSOCIATIONS . BELIEF ASSOCIATION OF BALTIMORE . BELIEF ASSOCIATION OF BALTIMORE, LADIES' . BELIEF ASSOCIATION, FORT PITT " " NATIONAL FREEDMEN'S 319 . 383 317 . 99 492 159, 164, 277 . 42, 476 126, 187 463 480 81 372 483 296 46 39 482 105 415 415 411 335 424 326 477 336 INDEX. 511 RELIEF ASSOCIATION, XEW ENGLAND SOLDIERS' " 4< PENX " " ROSE HILL RELIEF, INTERNATIONAL _* REPRESENTATIVE RECRUITS ROOSEVELT, THEO. . S. SACK, SANITARY . . SAILORS' HOME SANITARY COMMISSION . . . SANITARY FAIRS SAVANNAH RELIEF SAWBUCK RANGERS SHAW, FRANCIS GEORGE . SKINNER, REV. D. SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETIES . SOLDIERS' AID SOCIETY, LOWELL 44 " BRIDGEPORT '' '' CLEVELAND " " NEW YORK 44 " CHARLESTOWN 44 POUGHKEEPSIE . " EAST CAMBRIDGE " " HARTFORD ' 4 ' 4 LOCKPORT " NEWBURGH 4 ' " WORCESTER . " '' TOLEDO . " " MlLWAIIKIE . 44 " ATTBURN . 44 " ALBANY " ' 4 COLUMBUS 44 u BOSTON 44 PROVIDENCE 44 " CAMBRIDGE . >4 44 DAYTON 44 " DETROIT 4> 44 BUFFALO 44 44 TAUNTON 44 44 NEW LONDON 44 ROCHESTER . 44 44 SALEM PAGE 328 332 334 383 67 432 . 463 440 . 77 . 96, 158 . 413 474 . 369 40 . Ill . 28, 71 70, 112, 141 . 71, 115 . 7-2 112 120 o VW9SV8 ViNVS o TH UNIVERSITY 3 1205 02034 0574 e THf UBRAItV OF o