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 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES
 
 ^
 
 .THE 
 
 WORKS 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 RIGHT HONOURABLE 
 
 yOSETH AT)VISON, Efq; 
 
 In FOUR VOLUMES. 
 
 VOLUME the FIRST. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for Jacob Ton son, at Shakefpear's-Head^ over- 
 againft Katharine-jireet in the Strand, 
 
 MDCCXXI.
 
 ;0 
 
 
 An 
 
 ^^ 
 
 (^ 
 
 ^r .''/'. ""^u^i^Jai/^ 
 
 To the Right Honourable 
 
 JAMES C RJ G G S, Efq; 
 
 His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State. 
 ..DEAR SIR, 
 
 Cannot wifh that any of 
 my writings fliould lafl 
 longer than the memo- 
 ry of our Friendfliip, 
 and therefore I thus publickly bequeathe 
 
 them 
 
 96756
 
 them to You, in return for the many 
 valuable inftances of your AfFedion. 
 
 That they may come to you with as 
 little difadvantage as poffible, I have left 
 the care of them to one^ whom, by the 
 experience of fome years, I know well 
 qualified to anfwer my intentions. He 
 has already the honour and happinefs 
 of being under your protedion; and, 
 as he will very much ftand in need of it, 
 I cannot wiili him better, than that he 
 may continue to deferve the favour and 
 countenance of fuch a Patron. 
 
 I have no time to lay out in forming 
 fuch compliments, as would but ill fuit 
 that familiarity between us, which was 
 
 once
 
 [ iii ] 
 
 once my greateft pleafure, and will be 
 my greateft honour hereafter. Inftead 
 of them^ accept of my hearty wiflies, 
 that the great reputation, you have ac- 
 quired fo early, may increafe more and 
 more : and that you may long ferve 
 your country with thofe excellent ta- 
 lents, and unblemiftied integrity, which 
 have fo powerfully recommended you 
 to the moft gracious and amiable Mo- 
 narch, that ever filled a throne. May 
 the franknefs and generofity of your 
 fpirit continue to foften and fubdue 
 your enemies, and gain you many 
 friends, if poffible, as fincere as your 
 felf When you have found fuch, they 
 
 cannot
 
 [ iv ] 
 
 cannot wiih you more true happi- 
 nefs than I, who am, with the greateft 
 Zeal, 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Tour mojl Entirely AffeBionate Friendj 
 
 and Faithful Obedient Ser^vant^ 
 
 June 4, 
 
 1719. 
 
 J. Addison.
 
 THE 
 
 P R E F A C E. 
 
 JOSEPH ADDISON, thefon o<i Lancelot Add'tf on, Vt.'Q, 
 and oijane the daughter oi Nathaniel Gulflon, D. D, and 
 fifter of Dr. W'tlliam GuJfion Bifliop of 5r//?o/, was born 
 at Milfton near Amhrofehuvj, in the county of Wilts, in the 
 year 1(^71. His father, who was of the county oi IVejl- 
 moi land, and educated at ^deen's College in Oxford, paffed 
 many years in his travels through Europe and Africa, wh^re 
 he joined, to the uncommon and excellent talents of nature, 
 a great knowledge of letters and things ^ of which feveral 
 books publiflied by him are ample teftimonies. He was Rector 
 of Miljlon above-mentioned, when Mr. Addifon his eldcft fon 
 was born : and afterwards became Arch-deacon of Coventry, 
 and Dean of Litchfield. 
 
 Mr. Addifon received his firft education at the Chartreux, 
 from whence he was removed very early to^een's College in 
 Oxford. He had been there about two years, when the acci- 
 dental fight of a paper of his verfes, in the hands of Dr. Lancajier 
 then Dean of that houfe, occafioned his being eleded into 
 Magdalen college. He employed his firft years in the ftudy 
 
 Vol L a ©f
 
 VI 
 
 The PREFACE. 
 
 bi t\it 6\^ Greek arid Roman writers,- whofe language and 
 manner he caught at that time of Hfe, as ftrongly as other 
 young people gain a French accent, or a genteel air. An 
 early acquaintance with the Claflics is what may be called the 
 good-breeding of Poetry, as it gives a certain gracefulnels 
 which never forfakes a mind, that contracted it in youth, but 
 is feldom or never hit by thofc, who would learn it too late. 
 He firft diftinguifhed himfelf by his Lat'm compofitions, pub- 
 lifhed in the Mufa An^'tcance^ and was admired as one of the 
 beft authors fmce the Auguflan age, in the two Univerfi- 
 ties, and the greateft part of Europe^ before he was talked of 
 as a Poet in Town. There is not perhaps any harder task 
 than to tame the natural wildncfs of wit, and to civilize the 
 fancy. The generality of our old Engltjh Poets abound in 
 forced conceits, and affeded phrafes ,• and even thofe, who are 
 faid to come the neareft to exadnefs, are but too often fond of 
 unnatural beauties, and aim at fomething better than perfedi- 
 on. If Mr. Addtfon's example and precepts be the occafion, 
 that there now begins to be a great demand for corrc(5tnefs, 
 we may juftly attribute it to his being firft fafliioned by the 
 ancient models, and familiarifed to propriety of thought, and 
 chaftity of ftile. Our country owes it to him, that the fa- 
 mous Monfieur Bolleau firft conceived an opinion of the En- 
 gUfh genius for Poetry, by pcrufmg the prefent he made him 
 of the Muf^e Angl'tcan£. It has been currently reported, that 
 this famous French Poet, among the civilities he {hewed 
 Mr. Addifon on that occafion, affirmed, that he would not have 
 written againft Perraultj had he before feen fiich excellent 
 pieces by a modern hand. Such a faying would have been 
 impertinent and unworthy Boikau, whofe difpute with Perrauh 
 
 turned
 
 The PREFACE. vii 
 
 turned chiefly upon Come paflfages in the ancients, which 
 he refcued from the mif-interpietations of his adverfary. The 
 true and natural compUment made by him, was, that thofc 
 books had given him a very new Idea of the Engl'tfh pohtenefs, 
 and that he did not queftion but there were excellent compo- 
 fitions in the native language of a country, that polfcfTed the 
 Roman genius in fb eminent a degree. 
 
 The firfl- Englijh performance made public by him, is a 
 Ihort copy of verfes to Mr. Dry den y with a view particularly 
 to his tranflations. This was foon followed by a veriion of 
 the fourth Georgtc of Vtrgil^ of which Mr. Dr<yden makes very 
 honourable mention, in the poftfcript to his own tranflation 
 of all Vtrgd's works : wherein I have often wondered that he 
 did not, at the fame time, acknowledge his obligation to 
 ^t. Addtfon, for giving him The EJfay upon the Georgtcs, prefixed 
 to Mr. Dr'yden's tranflation. Left the honour of fo cxquifite a 
 piece of criticifm fhould hereafter be transferred to a wrong 
 author, I have taken care to infert it in this coUedion of his 
 works. 
 
 Of ibme other copies of verfes, printed in the Mtfcellan'tes^ 
 while he was young, the largeft is An Account of the greatefi 
 EMgltJh Poets ; in the clofe of which he infinuates a defign he 
 then had of going into holy orders, to which he was ftrongly 
 importuned by his father. His remarkable ferioufnefs and 
 modefty, which might have been urged as powerful reafons 
 for his choofmg that life, proved the chief obftacles to it. 
 Thefe qualities, by which the priefthood is fb much adorned, 
 reprefcnted the duties of it as too weighty for him ^ and ren- 
 dered him flill the more worthy of that honour, which they 
 made him decline. It is happy that this very circumftance 
 
 a 1 has
 
 viii The P RE FA C E. 
 
 has fince turned fo much to the advantage of virtue and reli- 
 gion, in the caufe of which he has beftowed his labours the 
 more fuccefsfully, as they were his voluntary, not his neceP 
 fary employment. The world became infenfibly reconciled 
 to wifdom and goodnefs, when they faw them recommended 
 by him with at leaft as much fpirit and elegance, as they 
 had been ridiculed for half a century. 
 
 He was in his twenty eighth year, when his inclination 
 to (ee France and Italy was encouraged by the great Lord- 
 Chancellor Somers^ one of that kind of patriots, who think 
 it no wafte of the public treafure to purchafe politenefs to 
 their country. The Poem upon one of King JVill'tam's cam- 
 paigns, addreft to His Lordfhip, was received with great hu- 
 manity, and occafioned a meflfage from him to the author to 
 defire his acquaintance. He foon after obtained, by his in- 
 tereft, a yearly penfion of three hundred pounds from the 
 Crown, to fupport him in his travels. If the uncommonnefs 
 of a favour, and the diftindion of the perfon who confers it, en- 
 haunce its value: nothing could be more honourable to a young 
 man of learning, than fuch a bounty from fo eminent a patron. 
 How well Mr. AdSfon anfwered the expectations of my 
 Lord SomerSj cannot appear better, than from the book 
 of Travels he dedicated to his Lordfhip at his return. It is 
 not hard to conceive, why that performance was at flrft 
 but indifferently relifhed by the bulk of readers j who cxpefted 
 an account, in a common way, of the cuftoms and policies 
 of the feveral governments in Italy ^ reflexions upon the ge- 
 nius of the people, a map of their provinces, or a meafiire of 
 their buildings. How were they difappointed, when, inflead 
 of fuch particulars, they were prefented only with a journal of 
 
 poetical
 
 rhe P RE FAC E. ix 
 
 poetical travels, with remarks on the prefent pidure of the 
 country, compared with the landskips drawn by claffic au- 
 thors, and others the hke unconcerning parts of knowledge! 
 One may eafily imagine a reader of plain fenfe, but without 
 a fine tafte, turning over thefe parts of the volume, which 
 make more than half of it, and wondering, how an author, 
 who feems to have fb folid an underftanding, when he treats 
 of more weighty fubjeds in the other pages, fhould dwell up- 
 on (iich trifles, and give up fb much room to matters of 
 mere amufement. There are indeed but few men fo fond of 
 the ancients, as to be transported with every little accident, 
 which introduces to their intimate acquaintance. Perfons of 
 that caft may here have the fatisfa^ion of feeing annotations 
 upon an old Roman Poem, gathered from the hills and val- 
 hes where it was written. The T'^her and the Po ferve to 
 explain the verfes, that were made upon their banks ; and the 
 Alpes and Appenn'tnes are made commentators on thofe authors, 
 to whom they were fubjeds fo many centuries ago. Next to 
 perfonal converfation with the writers themfelves, this is the 
 lureft way of coming at their fenfe : a compendious and en- 
 gaging kind of criticifm, which convinces at firft fight, and 
 fhews the vanity of conjectures, made by antiquaries at a di- 
 fbance. If the knowledge of polite literature has its ufe, there 
 is certainly a merit in illuflrating the perfect models of it, and 
 the learned world will think fome years of a man's life not 
 mif-fpent in fo elegant an employment. I fhall conclude what 
 I had to fay on this performance, by obfcrving, that the fame 
 of it increafed from year to year, and the demand for copies 
 was fo urgent, that their price rofe to four or five times the 
 original value, before it came out in a fecond edition. 
 
 The
 
 X The P RE F AC E. 
 
 The Letter from Italy to my l^ord Halifax may be confidc- 
 rcd as the text upon which the book of Travels is a large com- 
 ment, and has been efteeme^ by thofe, who have a reUfh 
 for antiquity, as the moft exquifite of his poetical perform- 
 ances. A tranflation of it by Si-gnor Sah'wtj profefTor of 
 the Greek tongue at Florence^ is inferred in this edition, not 
 only on the account of its merit, but becaufe it is the language 
 of the country which is the fubjed of this Poem. 
 
 The materials for the Dialogues upon Medals^ now firft 
 printed from a manufcript of the Author, were colleded 
 in the native country of thofe Coins. The book it felf was 
 begun to be caft into form at Vienna^ as appears from a let- 
 ter to Mr. Steptjeyj then minifter at that court, dated in 
 November 1702. 
 
 Some time before the date of this letter, Mr. Addtfon had 
 defigned to return to England, when he received advice from 
 his friends, that he was pitched upon to attend the army 
 under Prince Eugene^ who had juft begun the war in Italy, as 
 Secretary from His Majefty. But an account of the death of 
 King Wtlliam^ which he met with at Geneva^ put an end to 
 that thought j and as his hopes of advancement in his own 
 country were fallen with the credit of his friends, who were 
 out of power at the beginning of Her late Majefty's reign, he 
 had leifure to make the tour of Germany in his way home. 
 
 He remained for fome time, after his return to Efiglandy 
 without any public employment, which he did not obtain 'till 
 the year 1704, when the Duke of Marlborough arrived at the 
 higheft pitch of glory, by delivering all Europe from llavery, 
 and furnifhed Mr. Addifon with a fubjed; worthy of that genius 
 which appears in his Poem called The Campaign. The Lord-Trea- 
 
 furer
 
 The PRE FA C E, 
 
 XI 
 
 iurcr Godolphirij who was a jfine judge of Poetry, had a fight 
 of this work, when it was only carried on as far as the a,p- 
 pLiuded fimilc of the y^ngel; and approved the Poem, by 
 beftowing on the Author, in a few days after, the place of 
 CommifTioner of Appeals, vacant by the removal of the fa- 
 mous Mr. Locke to the council of Trade. 
 
 His next advancement was to the place of Under-fecretary, 
 which he htld under Sir Charles Hedges, and the prefent Earl 
 of Sunderland. The Opera of Rofamond was written, while 
 he poffelfed that employment. What doubts foever hate 
 been raifed about the merit of the mufick, which, as the Ita- 
 lian tafte at thattimebegun wholly to prevail, was thought luffi- 
 ciently incxcufable, becaufe it was the compofition of an En- 
 gli/Jo-m2Ln ; the Poetry of this piece has given as much plea- 
 lure in the clofet, as others have afforded from the ftage, 
 with all the afliftance of voices and inftruments. 
 
 The Comedy called the Tender Husband appeared much, 
 about the fame time, to which Mr. Addtfon wrote the Pro- 
 logue. Sir Richard Steele furprized him with a very handfome 
 dedication of this play, end has fince acquainted the pub- 
 lic, that he owed fome of the moft taking fcenes of it to 
 Mr, Addifon. 
 
 His next ftep in his fortune, was to the poft of Secretary under 
 the late Marqucfs of Wharton, who was appointed Lord-Lieu- 
 tenant o{ Ireland \n the year 1709. As I have propofed to 
 touch but very lightly on thofe parts of his life, which do not 
 regard him as an Author, I fhall not enlarge upon the great 
 reputation he acquired by his turn to bufineis, and his unble- 
 miflied integrity, in this and other employments. It muft 
 notbe omitted here, that the falary of Keeper of the Records 
 
 in
 
 xii 7he P RE BAC E. 
 
 in Ireland was confiderably raifed, and that poft beftowed upon 
 him, at this time, as a mark of the Queen's favour. He was 
 in that kingdom, when he firft difcovered Sir Richard Steele 
 to be Author of the Tatler^ by an obfervation upon Virgil^ 
 which had been by him communicated to his friend. The 
 affiftance, he occafionally gave him afterwards in the courfe 
 of the paper, did not a little contribute to advance its reputa- 
 tion ,• and, upon the change of the miniftry, he found lei- 
 liirc to engage more conftantly in tha'' work, which however 
 was dropt at laft, as it had been taken up, without his par- 
 ticipation. 
 
 . In the lafl: paper, which clofed thofe celebrated performan- 
 ces, and in the preface to the laft volume. Sir Richard Steele 
 has giv'Cn to Mr. Addtfon the honour of the moft applauded 
 pieces in that colle<5tion. But as that acknowledgement was 
 delivered only in general terms, 'without directing the public 
 to the feveral papers : Mr. Addifon^ who was content with 
 the praife arifing from his 'Own works, and too delicate 
 to take any part of that which belonged to others, afterwards 
 thought fit to diftinguifh his writings in the Spetiators and Guardi- 
 ans^ by luch marks, as might remove the leaft pofTibility of 
 miftake in the moft undifcerning readers. It was neceftary 
 that his {hare in the Tatkrs fhould be adjufted in a complete 
 colled:ion of his works ^ for which reafon Sir Richard Steele^ 
 in compliance with the requeft of his deceafed friend, delive- 
 red to him by the editor, was pleafcd to mark with his 
 own hand thofe Tatlers^ which are inferred in this edition, 
 and even to point out feveral, in the writing of which they 
 both were concerned. 
 
 Th(
 
 the P RE FAC E. xiii 
 
 The plan of the SpeBator^ as far as it regards the feigned 
 perfon of the Author, and of the (everal charadcrs that com- 
 pofe his club, was projeded in concert with Sir Richard Steele. 
 And, becaufe many paflages in the courfe of the work would 
 otherwifebeobfcure, I have taken leave to infert one fingle paper, 
 \fxitx.cnhySin Richard Steele y wherein thofe characters are drawn, 
 which may (erve as a Dramatis Perfon^y or as lb many pictures for 
 an ornament and explication of the whole. As for the diftindt 
 papers, they were never or feldom fhown to each other by their 
 refpedive authors,- who fully anfwered the promife they had made, 
 and far out-went the expc<5lation they had railed, of purjfuing their 
 labour in the fame fpirit and ftrength, with which it was be- 
 gun. It would have been impofTible for Mr. Addtfon, who 
 made little or no ufe of letters fent in by the numerous cor- 
 rcfpondents of the SpeBator, to have executed his large fhare 
 of this task, in fo exquifite a manner^ if he had not ingrafted 
 into it many pieces, that had lain by him in little hints and 
 minutes, which he from time to time colled:cd, and ranged 
 in order, and moulded into the form in which they now ap- 
 pear. Such are the effays upon Wtt^ the Pleafures of the Ima- 
 ^mat'ion, the Critique upon Milton^ and fome others, which I 
 thought to have connedied in a continued Series in this edi- 
 tion ; though they were at firft publifhed with the interruption 
 of writings on different flibjed'ts. But as fuch a fcheme would 
 have obliged me to cut off feveral graceful introdudions and 
 circumftanccs, peculiarly adapted to the time and occafion of 
 printing them, I durfl: not purfue that attempt. 
 
 The Tragedy of Cato appeared in public in the Year i 7 i 3, 
 when the greatcft part of the laft KQt was added by the Au- 
 thor to the foregoing, which he had kept by him for many 
 years. He took up a dcfign of writing a play upon this fub- 
 VoL. I. b jed,
 
 xiv The P R E [AC E. 
 
 je(5t, when he was very young at the Univerfity, and even 
 attempted fomething in it there, though not a Hne as it now 
 ftands. The work was performed by him in his travels, and 
 retouched in Englandy without any formed refolution of bring- 
 ing it upon the ftage, 'till his friends of the firft quality and 
 diftindion prevailed with him to put the laft finifliing to it, at 
 a time when they thought the dodrine of Liberty very feafo- 
 nable. It is in every body's memory, with what applaufe it 
 was recaived by the public j that the firft run of it lafted for 
 a month ; and then ftopped, only becaufe one of the perfor- 
 mers became incapable of ading a principal part. The Au- 
 thor received a meflage, that the Queen would be plealcd to 
 have it dedicated to her : but as he had defigned that compli- 
 ment elfewhere, he found himfelf obliged by his duty on the 
 one fide, and his honour on the other, to fend it into the 
 world without any dedication. The fame of this Tragedy 
 foon fpread through Europe ^ and it has not only been tranfla- 
 ttdj but a6ted in moft of the languages of Chriftendom. The 
 tranflation of it into Italian , by Signer Salv'tm, is very well 
 known ,• but I have not been able to learn, whether that of 
 Signor Valetta^ a young Neapolitan nobleman, has ever been 
 made public. 
 
 If he had found time for the writing of another tragedy, 
 the Death of Socrates would have been the ftory. And, how- 
 ever unpromifing that fiibjed; may appear, it would be pre- 
 fiimptuous to cenfiire his choice, who was (o famous for rai- 
 fing the nobleft plants from the moft barren foil. It ferves 
 to fliew, that he thought the whole labour of fuch a perfor- 
 mance unworthy to be thrown away upon thofe intrigues and 
 adventures, to which the Romantic tafte has confined modern 
 Tragedy j and, after the example of his predecelTors mGreece, 
 
 would
 
 The PREFACE. xv 
 
 would have employed the Drama to wear out of our minds every 
 thing that h meany or little ; to cherijh and cultivate that huma- 
 nity which is the ornament of our nature ; to /often infolence, to 
 jfooth ajffli^iony and to fuhdue our mmds to the difpenfations of 
 Providence. * 
 
 Upon the death of the late Queen, the Lords Juftices, in 
 whom the adminiftration was lodged, appointed him their Se- 
 cretary. Soon after His Majefty's arrival in Great Britain ^ the 
 Earl of Sunderland being conftituted Lord-Lieutenant of Irelandy 
 Mr. Addifon became a fecond time Secretary for the affairs of 
 that kingdom ; and was made one of the Lords-Commiffioners 
 of Trade, a little after his Lordfhip refigned the poft of Lord- 
 Lieutenant. 
 
 The paper, called the Freeholder ^ was undertaken at the 
 time, when the rebellion broke out in Scotland. 
 
 The only works he left behind him for the public, are 
 the Dialogues upon Medals, and the Treatife upon the Chrifii- 
 an Religion. Some account has been already given of the 
 former, to which nothing is now to be added, except that a 
 great part of the Latin quotations were rendered into Engltfhy 
 in a very faafty manner, by the Editor, and one of his 
 friends, who had the good-nature to ajffift him, during his 
 avocations of bufineis. It was thought better to add thefe 
 tranflations, fuch as they are, than to let the work come out 
 unintelligible to thofe who do not polTefs the learned languages. 
 
 The fcheme for the Treatife upon the Chriflian Religion was 
 formed by the Author, about the end of the late Qiieen's 
 reign; at which time he carefully perufcd the ancient writings, 
 which furnifh the materials for it. His continual employ- 
 ment in bufmefs prevented him from executing it, 'till 
 he refigned his office of Secretary of State ; and his death 
 • sftaMor. N' 39. h 1 put
 
 xvi The PREFACE. 
 
 put a period to it, when he had imperfectly performed only 
 one half of the defign j he having propofed, as appears from 
 the introdndion, to add the Jew'ifh to the Heathen teftimo- 
 nies, for the truth of the Chriftian hiftory. He was more aP 
 fiduous, than his health would well allow, in the purfuit of 
 this work ; and had long determined to dedicate his Poetry 
 alfo, for the future, wholly to religious fubjeds. 
 
 Soon after he was, from being one of the Lords-Commiflio- 
 ners of Trade, advanced to the poll of Secretary of State, he 
 found his health impaired by the return of that allhmatic indif- 
 pofition, which continued often to afflid him during his cxercife 
 of that employment, and at laft obliged him to beg His Majefty^s 
 leave to refign. His freedom from the anxiety of bufmefs fb 
 far re-eftabliihed his health, that his friends began to hope he 
 might laft for many years ; but (whether it were from a life 
 too fedentary, or from his natural conftitution, in which was 
 one circumftance very remarkable, that, from his cradle, he ne- 
 ver had a regular pulfe) a long and painful relapfe into an afthma 
 and dropfie deprived the world of this great man, on the 17th 
 G^Jmie 17 1 9. He left behind him only one Daughter, by 
 the Countefs of Warwick^ to whom he was married in the 
 year \7\6. 
 
 Not many days before his death, he gave me directions to col- 
 led his writings, and at the fame time committed to my care 
 the Letter addreft to Mr. Craggs (his fucccflbr as Secretary of 
 State) wherein he bequeaths them to him, as a token of friend- 
 fhip. Such a teftimony, from the firft man of our age, in 
 fuch a point of time, will be perhaps as great and lafting arr 
 honour to that gentleman, as any even he could acquire to 
 himfelf; and yet is no more than was due from an affedion, 
 that juftly increafed towards him, through the intimacy of fe- 
 
 veral
 
 The PREFACE. xvii 
 
 veral years. I cannot, without the utmoft tendernefs, re- 
 fled: on the kind concern, with which Mr. Addtfon left Mcas 
 a fort of incumbrance upon this valuable legacy. Nor muft I 
 deny my-felf the honour to acknowledge, that the goodncfs 
 of that great man to me, like many other of his amiable qua- 
 lities, feemed not fo much to be renewed as continued in his 
 fucccffor j who made me an example, that nothing could be 
 indifferent to him, which came recommended by Mr. Addtfotu 
 Could any circumftance be more fevere to me, while I was 
 executing thefe laft commands of the Author, than to fee the 
 perfon, to whom his works were prefented, cut off in the 
 flower of his age, and carried from the high office 
 wherein he had fucceeded Mr. Addifon, to be laid next him in 
 the fame grave! I might dwell upon iuch thoughts, as naturally 
 rife from thefe minute refemblaaces in the fortune of two per- 
 fons, whofe names probably will be feldom mentioned afun- 
 der, while cither our language or ftory fubfift, were I not 
 afraid of making this preface too tedious ,• efpecially fince I 
 fhall want all the patience of the reader, for having enlarged it 
 with the following verfes. 
 
 To the Right Honourable the 
 
 EARL of fFy^ R WICK, &c. 
 
 IF, dumb too lon^, the drooping Mufe hath fia'fdy 
 And left her debt to Addifon unpaid ^ 
 Blame not her ftlence^ Warwick, hut bemoan. 
 And judge, oh judge, my bofom by your oivn. 
 
 What
 
 r xviii ] 
 
 IVhat mouyney ever felt poetic fires / 
 
 Slow comes the verfe, that veal woe infpires ' 
 
 Gr'tef unaffeBed fmts hut ill with arty 
 
 Or flowing numhers wiph a bleeding heart. 
 
 Can I forget the difmal night, that gave 
 My foul's befi part for-ever to the grave / 
 Howfilent did his old companions tread. 
 By mid-night lamps, the manfions of the dead. 
 Through breathing fiatues, then unheeded things. 
 Through rowes of warriors, and through walks of kings/ 
 What awe did the flow folemn knell infpire ; 
 The pealing organ, and the paufing choir ; 
 The duties by the lawn-robe' d prelate pay'd -, 
 And the lafi words, that duft to dufl conveyed! 
 While fpeechlefs o'er thy cloftng grave we bendy 
 Accept thefe tears, thou dear departed friend. 
 Oh gone for-ever, take this long adieu ,• 
 Andfleep in peace, next thy lov'd Montagu ! 
 
 To flrew frejh laurels let the task be mine, 
 A frequent pilgrim, at thy f acred fhrine. 
 Mine with true fighs thy abfence to bemoan. 
 And grave with faithful epitaphs thy ftone. 
 If e''er from me thy lov'd memorial part, 
 May fhame affliB this alienated heart-. 
 Of thee forgetful if I form a fongy 
 My lyre be broken, and untun'd my ton^e. 
 My griefs be doubled, from thy image free. 
 And mirth a torment, unchajlifed by thee. 
 
 Oft
 
 [ XIX ] 
 
 Oft let me range the gloomy lies alone 
 (Sad luxury / to vulgar minds unknown) 
 Along the walls where /peaking marbles Jhow 
 What worthies form the hallow' d mold below : 
 Proud names, who once the re'ms of empire held^ 
 In arms who triumph' d -^ or m arts excelled -^ 
 Chiefs, grac'd with fears y and prodigal of blood -, 
 Stern patriots, who for facred freedom flood j 
 Jufi men, by whom impartial laws were given ,• 
 And faints, who taught, and led, the way to heaven* 
 Ne'er to thefe chambers, where the mighty reft, 
 Since their foundation, came a nobler guefi. 
 Nor e'er was to the bowers of bltfs convey'' d 
 A fairer fpirit, or more welcome Jhade. 
 
 In what new region, to thejuft ajfigrfd, 
 What new employments pleafe th' unbody'd njind7 
 A winged Virtue, through th' ethereal sky, 
 From world to world unweary'd does he fly ? 
 Or curious trace the long laborious maze 
 Of heaven's decrees, where wondering angels gaze? 
 Does he delight to hear bold Seraphs tell 
 How Michael battel' d, and the Dragon fell! 
 Or, mixt with milder Cherubim, to glow 
 In hymns of love, not ifl e[fay\{ below 7 
 Or do'f thou warn poor mortah left behind, 
 A task well fuited to thy gentle mind! 
 Oh, if fometimes thy fpotlefs form defcend, 
 To me thy aid, thou guardian Genius, lend! 
 
 IVhen
 
 [ XX ] 
 
 IVheH rage mlfgmdes me, or when fear alarms. 
 When pain dtjlrejfesy or when pleafure charms. 
 In filent wh'ifper'mgs purer thoughts impart. 
 And turn from III a frad and feeble heart ,• 
 Lead through the paths thy virtue trode before, 
 ^Ttllhltfs fhallJQin, nor ^eath can part us more, 
 
 TToat awful form {which, fo ye heavens decree, 
 Muft ft'dl be lov'd and fi'dl deplor'd by me) 
 In nightly viftons feldom fads to rife. 
 Or, rous'd by fancy, meets my waking eyes. 
 If bufmefs calls ^ or crowded courts invite, 
 TV unblemifyd fatefman feems to frtke my pght ^ 
 Jf in the Jlage I feek to foothe my care, 
 1 meet his foul, which breathes in Cato there ; 
 If penfive to the rural fhades I rove, 
 HisJJjape overtakes me in the lonely grove : 
 "Twas there of Jujl and Good he reafon'd Jlrong, 
 Clear'' d fome gyeat truth, or rais'dfome ferious fong • 
 There patient fhow'd us the wife courfe to fleer, 
 A candid cenfor^ and a friend fever e ; 
 There taught us haw to live ; and {oh / too high 
 The price for knowledge) taught us how to die. 
 
 Thou Hill, whofe brow the antique firuBures grace, 
 Reafd by bold chiefs of Warwick'^ noble race. 
 Why, once fo lov^d, when-e'er thy bower appears. 
 O'er my dim eye-balls glance the fudden tears ! 
 How fweet were once thy profpe&s frefh and fair ^ 
 Thy flopingwalh, and unpolluted air I 
 
 How
 
 [ xxi 1 
 
 How Jweet the ghomes beneath thy aged trees y 
 Thy noon-tide fhadowy and thy evening breeze / 
 His image thy forfaken bowers reflore ; 
 Thy walks and airy profpecls charm no more. 
 No more the fummer in thy gloomes allay'' d. 
 Thy evening breezes , and thy noon-day Jhade. 
 
 From other illsj however fortune frowned. 
 Some refuge in the mufe^s art I found: 
 ReluBant now I touch the trembling ftrmgy 
 Bereft of him, who taught me how tofing. 
 And thefe fad accents, murmured o'er his urn^ 
 Betray that abfence, they attempt to mourn. 
 Oh / muji I then (now frejh my bofom bleeds. 
 And Craggs in death to Addifon fucceeds) 
 The verfe, begun to one loji friend, prolong. 
 And weep a fecond in th' unfinifh^ d fong / 
 
 Thefe works divine, which on his death-bed laid 
 To thee, Craggs, th' expiring Sage convey" d. 
 Great, but ill-omen' d monument of fame. 
 Nor he furviv'd to give, nor thou to claim. 
 Swift after him thy facial fpirit flies. 
 And clofe to his, how foon / thy coffin lies. 
 Blejl pair / whofe union future bards floall tell 
 In future tongues : each other''s boaf ! farewel. 
 Farewell whom join' d in fame, in friend/hip try' d. 
 No chance could fever, nor the grave divide. 
 
 T H O. T I C K E L L. 
 
 V O L. I. C
 
 THE 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 TO Mr. Dryden. Page 3 
 
 A Poem to his Majejl^j. Prefented to the Lord Keeper, 
 
 A TranJIation of all \ir^i\' s Fourth Georgtck^ except the Jlory of 
 Ariftxus. p. 17 
 
 A Song. For St. Cecilia'5 day at Oxford. P- 3 3 
 
 An account of the greatefl Englifh Poets. P* 3<^ 
 
 A Letter from Italy, to the Right Honour ahle Charles Lord Ha- 
 lifax. In the year 1701. P- 43 
 y[\\tor\'sftde imitatedy in a tranflation of a Jlory out of the Third 
 i£neid. p. j6' 
 The Campaign J a Poem. P* ^3 
 ROSAMOND, anOpera. p. 83 
 Prologue to the Tender Husband. p. 1 40 
 Epilogue to the Britifli Enchanters. p. 141 
 Horace, Ode IlL Book IIL p. 1 44 
 Ovid's Met amor phofes. Book IL The flory of Vhacton. p. 150 
 Phaeton'5 fifiers transformed into Trees. p. 1 64 
 The transformation of Cycnus into a Swan. p. 1 66 
 The jlory ^/Califto. p. \6% 
 The Jlory of CoYoms, and birth of ^CculsL^lus. p. 174 
 Ocynhoe transformed to a Mare. p. 17^ 
 The transformation of Battus to a Touch-Jlone. p. 181 
 The Jlory of AghuroSf transform' d into a Statue. p. i8i 
 Europa's Rape. p. 188 
 
 OvidV
 
 The CONTENTS. 
 
 OMs Metamorphofes. Book III. TJjeJiory of Csidmus. p. ipt 
 T/ye transformation of hGtxon into a Slag, p. 198 
 
 The Birt/j of Bacchus. p. 20 1 
 
 The transformation of Tirefias. p. 20 (J 
 
 The transformation <?/ Echo. p. 207 
 
 Thefiory of Narciffas. p. 209 
 
 TheftoryofVtnt\\Qus. P- ii4 
 
 The Mariners transformed to Dolphins. p. 2 1 d 
 
 The death of Pentheus. p. 2 2 2 
 
 The fto}j of Salmacis and Hermaphroditus. From the fourth 
 
 book of 0\\A's Metamorphofes. p. 224 
 
 Notes onfome of the foregoing Stories in Ovid'^r Met amor phofes. 
 
 p. 229 
 An EJfay on Virgil'.? Georgics. p. 248 
 
 C A T O. A Tragedy. P* ^59 
 
 To her Royal Highnefs the Princefs of Wales, with the Tragedy 
 
 of Cato. Nov. 17 1 4. P* 3^J 
 
 To Sir Godfrey Kneller, on his piBure of the King. p. 388 
 
 Pax Gulielmi aufpiciis Europse reddtta^ i<^5?7. p. 1^)7 
 
 Barometri defcriptio. p. 404 
 
 n T r M A I o - r E p A N o M A X I >^, five, Pralium inter Pygm^os et 
 
 Grues commijfum. p. 407 
 
 Refurre&io deltneata ad altare Col. Magd. Oxon. P- 4 M 
 
 Spharifierium. p. 417 
 
 Ad D. D. Hannes, infigniffimum medicum et poetam. p. 420 
 Machime gefiiculantes, angltce a Puppet- fliow. p. 4 z 2 
 
 Ad mfigntjfimum virum D. Tho. Burnettum, facr£ Theoriae tel- 
 
 luris alitor em. p. 4 2 c 
 
 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs of Ancient MEDALS. P«4i9 
 
 POEMS
 
 POEMS 
 
 O N 
 
 SEVERAL OCCASIONS. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 B
 
 ^ , c^z^nm »-'■*»' 
 
 ^ /f^^uMr- Jr-a^^ - 
 
 To Mr. D R Y D E N. 
 
 O W long, great Poet, fhall thy fa- 
 cred Lays 
 Provoke our Wonder, and tranfcend 
 
 our Praife ? 
 Can neither injuries of Time, or 
 
 Age, 
 Damp thy Poetick Heat, and quench 
 
 thy Rage ? 
 Not (b thy Ov'td in his Exile wrote, 
 Grief chill'd his Brcaft, and check'd his rifing Thought j 
 Penfive and fad, his drooping Mufe betrays 
 The Roman Genius in its laft Decays. 
 
 B % Pre'*
 
 /^ F oBM s on federal Occasions. 
 
 Prevailing Warmth has ftill thy mind polTeft, 
 
 And fecond Youth is kindled in thy breaft; 
 
 Thou mak'ft the beauties of the Romans known. 
 
 And England boafts of riches not her own j 
 
 Thy lines have heighten'd FirgiH Majefty, 
 
 And Horace wonders at himfelf in Thee. 
 
 Thou teacheft Perftm to inform our iJle 
 
 In fmoother Numbers, and a clearer Stile; 
 
 And Jtwenalj inftru6ted in thy page, 
 
 Edges his Satyr, and improves his Rage. 
 
 Thy Copy cafts a fairer Light on all, 
 
 And ftill out-fliines the bright Original. 
 
 Now Ov'td boafts th' Advantage of thy Song, 
 
 And tells his Story in the Brh'tfh tongue,- 
 
 Thy charming Verfe, and fair Tranflations, fhow 
 
 How thy own Laurel firft began to grow ; 
 How wild L'ycaon chang'd by angry Gods, 
 And frighted at himfelf, ran howling through the Woods. 
 
 O mayft thou ftill the noble Task prolong. 
 Nor Age, nor Sicknefs interrupt thy fong : 
 Then may we wondering read, how Human Limbs 
 Have water'd Kingdoms, and diftolv'd in Streams j 
 Of thofe rich Fruits that on the fertile mould 
 Turn'd yellow by degrees, and ripen'd into Gold : 
 How fome in Feathers, or a ragged Hide, 
 Have liv'd a Second life, and different Natures try'd. 
 Then will thy Ovtdj thus transform'd, reveal 
 A Nobler Change than he himfelf can tell. 
 
 Mag. Coll. Oxoi:.^ 
 Jik 4/ithr's age rx. • •
 
 POEM 
 
 T O H I S 
 
 # 
 
 M A J E STY. 
 
 Trefented to the Lord Keeper. 
 
 * King William. Printed in the year i6pf. 'the Author'' s age t^.
 
 Poems on federal Occasions. 7 
 
 To the Right Honourahle 
 
 Sir JOHN S M E R S, 
 Lord Keeper of the Great Seal. 
 
 IF *^et your thoughts are loofe from State Affairs, 
 Nor feel the burden of a Kingdom^ s Cares, 
 Jf yet your Time and ABions are your own. 
 Receive the prefent of a Mufe Unknown: 
 A Mufe that in Advenfrous numbers Jings 
 The rout of Armies, and the fall of Kings, 
 Britain Advanced, and Europe'^ Peace Reftor'd, 
 By S o M E R s' Counfels, and ^NASSAU '^ Sword. 
 
 To Tou, my Lord, thefe daring thoughts belong. 
 Who help'd to Raife the SubjeB of my fong ; 
 To Tou the Hero of my verfe reveals 
 His great Deftgns, to Tou in Council tells 
 His Inmofi thoughts, determining the doom 
 Of Towns Unjlorrn'd, and Battels yet to come. 
 And well coiid Tou, in Tour Immortal fir atns, 
 Defcribe his ConduB, and Reward his Rams : 
 But fince the State has all your Cares engrofl. 
 And Poetry in Higher thoughts is lofl, 
 
 .Attend
 
 8 P OEMS on feveral Occasions. 
 
 Attend to what a leffer Mufe indites , 
 
 Pardon her Faults^ and Countenance her Flights, 
 
 On Ton J my Lord^ with anxious Fear I wait. 
 And from Tour Judgment mufl expeB my Fate, 
 Who, free from Vulgar pajions, are above 
 Degrading Envy, or Mtfguided Love ; 
 IfTou, well-pleased, Jhall fmile upon my lays. 
 Secure of Fame, my voice Til boldly raife. 
 For next to what Tou MVtte, is what You Praife, 
 
 T O
 
 Poems on feveml Occasions, p 
 
 T o T H E 
 
 K I N G. 
 
 WHEN now the bufinels of the Field is o'er. 
 The Trumpets fleep, and Cannons ceafe to roar, 
 When ev'ry difmal Echo is decay'd. 
 And all the Thunder of the Battel laid ; 
 Attend, Aujfpicious Pr'mcej and let the Mufe 
 In humble accents Milder thoughts infiife. 
 
 Others, in bold Prophetick numbers skill'd. 
 Set thee in Arms, and led thee to the field. 
 My Mufe expediing on the Brittjh ftrand 
 Waits thy Return, and welcomes thee to land : 
 She oft has feen thee preffing on the Foe, 
 When Europe was concern'd in ev'ry Blow ^ 
 But durft not in Heroick ftrains rejoice ,• 
 The Trumpets, Drums, and Cannons drown'd her Voice : 
 She faw the Boyn run thick with Human gore. 
 And floating Corps lye beating on the fliore : 
 She faw thee climb the banks, but try'd in vain 
 To trace her Hero through the dufty plain, 
 When through the thick Embattel'd lines he broke. 
 Now plung'd amidft the foes, now loft in clouds of (hioke. 
 
 O that fome Mufe, renown'd for Lofty vcrfe, 
 In daring numbers wou'd thy Toils rehearfe ! 
 
 Vol. I. C Draw
 
 lo VoBM s on feveral Occasions. 
 
 Draw thee Belov'd in peace, and Fear'd in wars, 
 Inur'd to Noon-day fweats, and Mid-night cares ! 
 But ftill the God-hke Man, by fome hard Fate, 
 Receives the Glory of his toils too late j 
 Too late the Vcrfe the mighty A6t fucceeds, 
 One Age the Hero, one the Poet breeds. 
 
 A Thoufand years in full fucceffion ran. 
 E'er F/rgil rais'd his voice, and fiing the Man 
 Who, driv'n by ftrefs of fate, fuch dangers bore 
 On ftormy Seas, and a difaftrous Shore, 
 Before he fettled in the Promis'd Earth, 
 And gave the Empire of the World its birth. 
 
 Troy long had found the Grecians bold and fierce. 
 E'er Homer mufter'd up their Troops in Verfe ,• 
 Long had Achilles quell'd the Trojans' Luft, 
 And laid the Labour of the Gods in duft. 
 Before the Tow'ring Mufe began her flight, 
 And drew the Hero raging in the Fight, 
 Engag'd in tented fields, and rolling floods. 
 Or flaught'ring Mortals, or a Match for Gods. 
 
 And here, perhaps, by Fate's unerring doom. 
 Some Mighty Bard lies hid in years to come, 
 That fhall in WILLIAM'^ God-hke Ads engage. 
 And with his Battels, warm a Future age. 
 Hihernian fields fliall here thy Conquefl:s fhow. 
 And Ba^n be Sung, when it has ceas'd to FloWj 
 Here Gallick labours fhall advance thy fame, 
 And here Seneffe fliall wear Another name. 
 Our late Pofterity, with fecret dread. 
 Shall view thy Battels, and with Pleafure read 
 
 How^
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions, ii 
 
 How, in the bloody field, too near advanc'd. 
 The Guildefs Bullet on thy (houlder glanc'd. 
 
 The Race of NASSAUS was by heav'n defign'd 
 To curb the proud Oppreflbrs of mankind. 
 To bind the Tyrants of the Earth with laws, 
 And fight in ev'ry Injur'd nation's caufe. 
 The World's great Patriots ; they for Juftice call. 
 And as they favour. Kingdoms rife or fall. 
 Our Br'ft'tjh Youth, unus'd to rough Alarms, 
 Carelefs of Fame, and negligent of Arms, 
 Had long forgot to Meditate the foe. 
 And heard unwarm'd the Martial Trumpet blow ; 
 But now, inlpir'd by Thee, with frefh delight, 
 Their Swords they brandifh, and require the Fight, 
 Renew their Ancient Conquefts on the Main, 
 And a(5t their Fathers' triumphs o'er again ; 
 Fir'd, when they hear how Agmcoui-t was (Irow'd 
 With GalUc corps, and Crejfi fwam in blood, 
 With eager warmth they fight. Ambitious all 
 Who firft {hall ftorm the Breach, or mount the Wall. 
 In vain the thronging Enemy by force 
 Would clear the Ramparts, and repel their courle; 
 They break through all, for IV I L L I AM leads the way, 
 Where Fires rage moft, and loudeft Engines play. 
 Namure's late Terrours and Deftru6tion fiiow, 
 W\i2it WILLI AM, warm'd with juft Revenge, can d©: 
 Where once a thoufand Turrets rais'd on high 
 Their gilded Spires, and glitter'd in the sky, 
 An undiftinguiih'd heap of Dull is found, 
 And all the pile lies imoaking on the ground. 
 
 C 2 r'i'-
 
 12 V o IE. MS on fe-veral Occasions. 
 
 His Toils for no Ignoble ends defign'd, 
 Promote the common welfare of mankind ; 
 No wild Ambition moves, but Europe's Fears, 
 The Cries of Orphans, and the Widow's Tears ^ 
 Oppreft Religion gives the firft alarms. 
 And injur'd Juflice fets him in his Arms ; 
 His Conquefts Freedom to the world afford, 
 And nations blels the Labours of his fword. 
 
 Thus when the forming Mule wou'd copy forth 
 A perfect Pattern of Heroick worth, 
 She fets a Man Triumphant in the field. 
 O'er Giants cloven down, and Monfters kill'd. 
 Reeking in blood, and Imeer'd with duft and (weat, 
 Whilft Angry Gods confpire to make him Great. 
 
 Thy Navy Rides on Seas before unpreft, 
 And ftrikes a terror through the Haughty Eaji ; 
 Algiers and Turns from their fiiltry fhore 
 With horrour hear the Br'tt'ijh engines roar. 
 Fain from the neighb'ring dangers wou'd they run. 
 And wifh themfelves ftill Nearer to the Sun. 
 The Qallick Ships are in their Ports confin'd, 
 Deny'd the common ufe of Sea and Wind, 
 Nor dare again the Brtt'ifh Strength engage ; 
 Still they remember that Deftrudive rage 
 Which lately made their trembling hofl retire, 
 Stunn'd with the noile, and wrapt in Smoke and Fire ; 
 The Waves with wide unnumber'd wrecks were ftrow'd. 
 And Planks, and Arms, and Men, promifcuous flow'd. 
 
 Spam's numerous Fleet that perilht on our coaft, 
 Cou'd fcarce a longer Line of battel boaft, 
 
 The
 
 Poems on fever al Occasions. 13 
 
 The Winds cou'd hardly drive 'em to their Fate, 
 And all the Ocean labour'd with the weight. 
 
 Where-e'er the Waves in reftlefs errors rowle. 
 The Sea lies open now to either Pole : 
 Now may we fafely ufe the Northern gales. 
 And in the Polar Circle fpread our fails ,• 
 Or deep in Southern climes, Secure from wars,. 
 New Lands explore, and fail by Other ftars ; 
 Fetch UncontroU'd each labour of the Sun, 
 And make the product of the World our own. 
 
 At length, Proud Prince, Ambitious Lewis, ceafe 
 To plague mankind, and trouble Europe's peace j 
 Think on the Structures which thy Pride has rafe'd. 
 On Towns unpeopled, and on Fields laid wafte,- 
 Think on the heaps of corps, and dreams of blood. 
 On every guilty plain, and purple flood. 
 Thy Arms have made, and ceafe an impious War, 
 Nor wafte the Lives entrufted to thy Care. 
 Or if no Milder thought can calm thy mind, 
 Behold the great Avenger of mankind, 
 
 DO ' 
 
 See mighty NASSAU through the Battel ride. 
 
 And fee thy fubjeds gafping by his fide: 
 
 Fain wou'd the pious Prince rcRife th'Alarm^ 
 
 Fain wou'd he check the Fury of his Arm j 
 
 But when thy Cruelties his thoughts engage, 
 
 The Hero kindles with becoming rage, 
 
 Then Countries ftoln, and Captives unreftor'd, 
 
 Give Strength to every blow, and edge his Sword,. 
 
 Behold with what refiftlefs force he falls 
 
 On tt)wn$ befieg'd, and thunders at thy walls ! 
 
 Ask
 
 14 V oE M s on fever al Occasions. 
 
 Ask Ftlleroy, for J/'tUeroy beheld 
 The Town furrender'd, and the Treaty feal'd ; 
 With what amazing ftrength the Forts were won, 
 Whilft the whole Pow'r of France ftood looking on. 
 
 But ftop not here : behold where Berkley ftands. 
 And executes his injur'd King's commands ,• 
 Around thy coaft his burfting Bombs he pours 
 On flaming Cittadels, and falling Tow'rs ^ 
 With hizzing ftreams of fire the air they ftreak, 
 And hull deftrudion round 'em where they break ,- 
 The Skies with long afcending Flames are bright. 
 And all the Sea refle<5ts a quivering light. 
 
 Thus Mtna^ when in fierce Eruptions broke, 
 Fills Heav'n with Afhes, and the Earth with Smoke,- 
 Here Crags of broken Rocks are twirl'd on high, 
 Here molten Stones and fcatter'd Cinders fly : 
 Its fury reaches the remoteft coaft. 
 And ftrows the Aftatkk {hore with Duft. 
 
 Now does the Sailor from the neighbouring Main 
 Look after Gall'ick Towns and Forts in vain ^ 
 No more his wonted Marks he can defcry. 
 But {t^^ a long unmeafur'd Ruine lie; 
 Whilft, pointing to the Naked coaft, he fliows 
 His wond'ring Mates where Towns and Steeples role. 
 Where crowded Citizens he lately view'd. 
 And fingles out the place where once St. Maloes ftood. 
 
 Here Rujfel's Adions ftiould my Miife require; 
 And wou'd my ftrength but fecond my defire, 
 I'd all his boundleis Bravery rehearlc. 
 And draw his Cannons thund'ring in my verie : 
 
 High
 
 Poems on federal Occasions. 15 
 
 High on the deck Ihou'd the great Leader ftand, 
 Wrath in his Look, and Lightning in his Hand ,• 
 Like Homer's HeHor when he flung his Fire 
 Amidft a thoufand Ships, and made all Greece retire. 
 
 But who can run the Briiijh Triumphs o'er, 
 And count the Flames diiperft on ev'ry Shore ? 
 Who can defcribe th« fcatter'd Vidory, 
 And draw the Reader on from Sea to Sea ? 
 Elfe who cou'd Ormond's God-like Adts refufe, 
 Ormond the theme of ev'ry Oxford Mufc ? 
 Fain wou'd I here his mighty Worth proclaim. 
 Attend him in the noble chafe of fame, 
 Through all the Noife and Hurry of the Fight, 
 Obferve each blow, and keep him dill in fight. 
 Oh, did our Br'itifh Peers thus court Renown, 
 And grace the Coats their great Fore-fathers wonf 
 Our arms wou'd then triumphantly advance. 
 Nor Henry be the Laft that conquer'd France. 
 What might not England hope, if fuch abroad 
 Purchas'd their country's honour with their Blood : 
 When fiich, detain'd at home, iupport our State 
 In IV I L L lAM's ftead, and bear a Kingdom's weight. 
 The Schemes of Gall'tck Policy o'er-throw. 
 And blaft the Counfels of the common Foe j 
 Direct our Armies, and diftribute Right, 
 And render our MAR I A 's Lofs more lisht. 
 
 But Hop, my Mule, th' ungrateful found forbear, 
 MARI A 's name ftill wounds each Br'it'tjh Ear: 
 Each Brittjlj Heart MARIA flill does wound. 
 And Tears burft out unbidden at the found ,• 
 
 MARIA
 
 i6 Poems on feveral O c c A s i o n s. 
 
 MJ R I A ftill our rifing Mirth deftroys, 
 Darkens our Triumphs, and forbids our Joys. 
 
 But fee, at length, the Briitjh Ships appear ! 
 Our N A S S AU comes ! and as his Fleet draws near, 
 The rifing Mafts advance, the Sails grow white, 
 'And all his Pompous Navy floats in fight. 
 Come, mighty Prince, defir'd of Br ham, come! 
 May Heav'n's propitious gales attend thee home! 
 Come, and let longing crowds behold that Look, 
 Which fiich Confiifion and Amazement ftrook 
 Through G<^///c/^ hofts : But, oh! let Us defcry 
 Mirth in thy Brow, and Pleafiire in thy Eye j 
 Let nothing Dreadful in thy face be found. 
 But for a-while forget the Trumpet's found j 
 Well-pleas'd, thy People's Loyalty approve. 
 Accept their Duty, and enjoy their Love. 
 For as when lately mov'd with fierce delight. 
 You plung'd amidft the Tumult of the fight. 
 Whole heaps of Death encompafs'd you around. 
 And Steeds o'er-turn'd lay foaming on the ground : 
 So Crown'd with Laurels now, where-e'er you go. 
 Around you blooming Joys, and peacefiil Bleflings flow.
 
 Poems on federal Occasions. 17 
 
 A Tranjlation of all Virgil's Fourth Geor^cky 
 except the Story of Arist^vs. 
 
 ET H E R I A L fweets fhall next my Mule engage. 
 And this, Macenas^ claims your patronage. 
 Of little creatures wondrous ad:s I treat. 
 The ranks and mighty leaders of their ftate. 
 Their laws, employments, and their wars relate. 
 A trifling theme provokes my humble lays. 
 Trifling the theme, not fo the Poet's praife. 
 If great Apollo and the tuneful Nine 
 Join in the piece, to make the work divine. 
 
 Firfl:, for your Bees a proper flation find. 
 That's fenc'd about, and llielter'd from the wind ; 
 For winds divert them in their flight, and drive 
 The /warms, when loaden homeward, from their hive. 
 Nor fheep, nor goats, muft pafture near their fl:ores. 
 To trample under foot the Ipnnging flowers ,- 
 Nor frisking heifers bound about the place, 
 To fpurn the dew-drops off^, and bruife the riling grafs : 
 Nor muft the Lizard's painted brood appear. 
 Nor Wood-pecks, nor the Swallow harbour near. 
 
 Vol. I. D They
 
 1 8 V OEMS on feveral Occasions. 
 
 They wafte the fwarms, and as they fly along 
 Convey the tender morfels to their young. 
 
 Let purHng ftreams, and fountains edg'd with mofi. 
 And {hallow rills run trickling through the grals ; 
 Let branching Olives o'er the fountain grow, 
 Or Palms fhoot up, and fhade the ftreams below ,♦ 
 That when the youth, led by their princes, (hun 
 The crowded hive, and (port it in the iun, 
 Refrefhing Iprings may tempt 'em from the heat, 
 Andfhady coverts yield a cool retreat. 
 
 Whether the neighbouring water ftands or runs, 
 Lay twigs acrofs, and bridge it o'er with ftones ^ 
 That if rough ftorms, or fudden blafts of wind 
 Should dip, or fcatter thofe that lag behind, 
 Here they may fettle on the friendly ftone. 
 And dry their reeking pinions at the fun. 
 Plant all the flowry banks with Lavender, • 
 With ftore of Sav'ry fcent the fragrant air. 
 Let running Betony the field o'erfpread. 
 And fountains foak the Violet's dewy bed. 
 
 Tho' barks or plaited willows make your hive, 
 A narrow inlet to their cells contrive ; 
 For colds congcle and freeze the liquors up, 
 And, melted down with heat, the waxen buildings drop. 
 The Bees, of both extremes alike afraid. 
 Their wnx around the whiftling crannies ipread. 
 
 And
 
 Poems on federal Occasions. 19 
 
 And fuck out clammy dews from herbs and flow'rs. 
 To fmear the chinks, and plaifter up the pores : 
 For this they hoard up glew, whofe cHnging drops, 
 Like pitch, or birdHme, hang in ftringy ropes. 
 They oft, 'tis faid, in dark retirements dwell, 
 And work in fiibterraneous caves their cell \ 
 At other times th' induftrious infeds live 
 In hollow rocks, or make a tree their hive. 
 
 Point all their chinky lodgings round with mud, 
 And leaves mud thinly on your work be ftrow'd \ 
 But let no baleful eugh-tree flourifli near, ^ 
 
 Nor rotten marihes fend out fleams of mire ; ^^ 
 
 Nor burning crabs grow red, and crackle in the fire. ^ 
 
 Nor neighb'ring caves return the dying found, 
 Nor echoing rocks the doubled voice rebound. 
 Things thus prepar'd— t — 
 
 When th' under-world is feiz'd with cold and night, 
 And fiimmer here defcends in ftreams of light. 
 The Bees thro' woods and forefts take their flight. 
 They rifle ev'ry flow'r, and lightly skim 
 The chryfl:al brook, and fip the running ftream ; 
 And thus they feed their young with ftrange delight, 
 And knead the yielding wax, and work the flimy fwect. 
 But when on high you fee the Bees repair, 
 Born on the winds thro' diftant trads of air, 
 And view the winged cloud all blackning from afiir ; 
 While fhady coverts, and frefli flreams they chufe. 
 Milfoil and common Honey-fuckles bruife, 
 And fprinkle on their hives the fragrant juice. 
 
 D 2 On
 
 20 P o E M s on feveral Occasions. 
 
 On brazen veiTels beat a tinkling found. 
 And Ihake the cymbals of the goddefs round j 
 Then all will haftily retreat, and fill 
 The warm refounding hollow of their cell. 
 
 If once two rival kings their right debate, 
 And factions and cabals embroil the ftate, 
 The people's adions will their thoughts declare; 
 All their hearts tremble, and beat thick with war j 
 Hoarfe broken founds, like trumpets' harfh alarms. 
 Run thro' the hive, and call 'em to their arms ,• 
 All in a hurry fpread their fhiv'ring wings. 
 And fit their claws, and point their angry (lings : 
 In crowds before the king's pavilion meet. 
 And boldly challenge out the foe to fight : 
 At lad, when all the heav'ns are warm and fair, ) 
 
 They rulh together out, and join j the air 
 
 Swarms thick, and echo's with the humming: war. 
 
 All in a firm round clufter mix, and ftrow 
 
 With heaps of little corps the earth below- 
 
 As thick as hail-ftones from the floor rebound, 
 
 Or {haken acorns rattle on the ground. 
 
 No fenfe of danger can their kings controul. 
 
 Their little bodies lodge a mighty foul : 
 
 iiach obflinate in arms purfiies his blow, 
 
 'Till ihamcful flight fecures the routed foe. 
 
 This hot dilpute and all this mighty fray 
 
 A little duft: flung upward will allay. 
 
 But when both kings are fettled in their liive, 
 Mark him who looks the worft, and left he Hve 
 
 <, 
 
 Idle
 
 Poems on federal Occasions. 21 
 
 Idle at home in eafe and luxury, 
 
 The lazy monarch muft: be doom'd to die ^ 
 
 So let the royal infect rule alone. 
 
 And reign without a rival in his throne. 
 
 The kings are different ; one of better note T) 
 
 All fpeckt with gold, and many a {hining fpot, >- 
 
 Looks gay, and gliftens in a gilded coat ,• j 
 
 But love of ea(e, and (loth in one prevails. 
 That fcarce his hanging paunch behind him trails : 
 The people's looks are different as their king's, 
 Some fparkle bright, and glitter in their wings ; 
 Others look loathfbm and difeas'd with floth, ^ 
 
 Like a faint traveller whofe dully mouth \ 
 
 Grows dry with heat, and fpits a maukifli froth. j 
 
 The firft are beft 
 
 From their o'erflowing combs, you'll often prels 
 
 Pure lufcious fweets, that mingling in the glafs 
 
 Corred the harlhnefs of the racy juice. 
 
 And a rich flavour through the wine diffuie. 
 
 But when they fport abroad, and rove from home. 
 
 And leave the cooling hive, and quit th' unfinifti'd comb ^ 
 
 Their airy ramblings are with eafe coniin'd, 
 
 Clip their kmg's wings, and if they ftay behind 
 
 No bold ufurper dares invade their right, 
 
 Npr found a march, nor give the fign for flight. 
 
 Let flow'ry banks entice 'em to their cells. 
 
 And gardens all perfum'd with native fmells ,- 
 
 Where carv'd Priapus has his fix'd abode. 
 
 The robber's terror, and the fcare-crow (rod. 
 
 Wild
 
 22 Poems on fezwal Occasions. 
 
 Wild Tyme and Pine-trees from their barren hill 
 Tranfplant, and nurfe 'em in the neighboiuing foil. 
 Set fruit-trees round, nor e'er indulge thy floth, 
 But water 'em, and urge their fhady growth. 
 
 And here, perhaps, were not I giving o'er, 
 And ftriking fail, and making to the fliore, 
 I'd fliew what art the Gardner's toils require. 
 Why rofy Pd'Jfum blufhes twice a year ,• 
 What dreams the verdant Succory liipply, 
 And how the thirfty plant drinks rivers dry ,• 
 What with a chearful green does Parfley grace. 
 And writhes the bellying Cucumber along the twifted gra/s j 
 Nor wou'd I pafs the ibft Acanthus o'^r. 
 Ivy nor Myrtle-trees that love the fhore j 
 Nor DafFadils, that late from earth's flow womb 
 Unrumple their fwoln buds, and {how their yellow bloom. 
 
 For once I faw in the Tarent'me vale. 
 Where flow Galefus drencht the wafhy foil. 
 An old Corkian yeovnznj who had got 
 A few negleded acres to his lot. 
 Where neith>er corn nor pafliure grac'd the field, 
 Nor wou'd the Vine her purple harvefl; yield ; 
 But fav'ry herbs among the thorns were found. 
 Vervain and Poppy-flowers his garden crown'd. 
 And drooping Lilies whiten'd all the ground. 
 Blefl: with thefe riches he cou'd empires flight. 
 And when he rcfl:ed from his toils "at night. 
 
 The
 
 Poems on fe^veral Occasions. 23 
 
 The earth unpurchas'd dainties wou'd afford. 
 
 And his own garden fiirnifh out his board : 
 
 The (pring did firft; his opening rofes blow, 
 
 Firft ripening autumn bent his fniitful bough. 
 
 When piercing colds had burft the brittle ftone. 
 
 And freezing rivers fliffen'd as they run. 
 
 He then wou'd prune the tender'ft of his trees. 
 
 Chide the late fpring, and lingring weflern breeze : 
 
 His Bees firft iwarm'd, and made his veflels foam 
 
 With the rich fqueezing of the juicy comb. 
 
 Here Lindons and the fappy Pine increased ; 
 
 Here, when gay flow'rs his fmiling orchard dreft. 
 
 As many bloflfoms as the fpring cou'd fhow. 
 
 So many dangling apples mellow'd on the bough. 
 
 In rows his elms and knotty pear-trees bloom, 
 
 And thorns ennobled now to bear a plumb, 
 
 And fpreading plane-trees, where iiipincly laid 
 
 He now enjoys the cool, and quaffs beneath the (hade. 
 
 But theie for want of room I muft omit. 
 
 And leave for future Poets to recite. 
 
 Now I'll proceed their natures to declare. 
 Which Jove himfelf did on the Bees confer j 
 Becaufe, invited by the timbrel's found, ") 
 
 Lodg'd in a cave, th' almighty babe they found, p> 
 
 And the young god nurft kindly under ground. ^ 
 
 Of all the wing'd inhabitants of air, 
 Thefe only make their young the publick care ^ 
 
 In
 
 24 P o E ^1 s on fe-veral Occasions. 
 
 In weil-diipos'J fockties they live. 
 
 And laws and ftatutes regulate their hive ; 
 
 Nor ftray, like others, unconfin'd abroad, 
 
 But know let ftations, and a fix'd abode : 
 
 Each provident of cold in fummer flies ) 
 
 Thro' fields, and woods, to feek for new fupplies, ^^ 
 
 And in the common (lock urdades his thighs. j 
 
 Some watch the food, fome in the meadows ply, 
 
 Tafte ev'ry bud, and jfuck each blolfom dry j 
 
 Whilft others, lab'ring in their cells at home. 
 
 Temper Narcijfus' clammy tears with gum, 
 
 For the firft ground-work of the golden comb ; 
 
 On this they found their waxen works, and raife 
 
 The yellow fabrick on its glewy bafe. 
 
 Some educate the young, or hatch the feed 
 
 With vital warmth, and future nations breed,- 
 
 "Whilft others thicken all the (limy dews. 
 
 And into, purefl; honey work the juice ,• 
 
 Then fill the hollows of the comb, and fwell 
 
 With lufcious NckStar ev'ry flowing cell. 
 
 By turns they watch, by turns with curious eyes 
 
 Survey the heav'ns, and fearch the clouded skies 
 
 To find out breeding ftorms, and tell what tempefts rife. 
 
 By turns they cafe the loaden fwarms, or drive 
 
 The drone, a lazy infed, from their hive. 
 
 The work is warmly ply'd through all the cells. 
 
 And ftrong with Tyme the new-made honey fmells. 
 
 So in their caves the brawny C'yclops fweat, 
 When with huge ftrokes the ftubborn wedge they beat, 
 And all th' uniliapcn thunder-bolt compleat ^ 
 
 Alter-
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 2^ 
 
 Alternately their hammers rife and fall ,• 
 
 Whilft griping tongs turn round the glowing ball. 
 
 With puffing bellows ibme the flames increafe, 
 
 And fome in waters dip the hilling mafs ^ 
 
 Their beaten anvils dreadfully refound, 
 
 And j^tna Ihakes all o'er, and thunders under ground. 
 
 Thus, if great things we may with imall compare, 
 The bufie fwarms their different labours fliare. 
 Defire of profit urges all degrees ,• 
 The aged infe(5l:s, by experience wife. 
 Attend the comb, and fafhion ev'ry part. 
 And {hape the waxen fret-work out with art : 
 The young at night, returning from their toils, 
 Bring home their thighs clog'd with the meadows fpoils. 
 On Lavender, and Saffron buds they feed. 
 On bending Ofiers, and the balmy Reed, 
 From purple Violets and the Teile they bring 
 Their gather'd fweets, and rifle all the ipring. 
 
 All work together, all together reft, 
 The morning ftill renews their labours pail; 
 Then all rufh out, their different tasks purfue, 
 Sit on the bloom, and fiick the rip'ning dew j 
 Again when evening warns 'em to their home. 
 With weary wings, and heavy thighs they come, 
 And crowd about the chink, and mix a drowfie hum. 
 Into their cells at length they gently creep, 
 There all the night their peaceful ftation keep, 
 Wrapt up in filencc, and diffolv'd in fleep. 
 
 Vol. I. E None
 
 26 V OEM s on federal Occasions. 
 
 None range abroad when winds or ftorms are nigh. 
 
 Nor truft their bodies to a faithlefs sky, 
 
 But make fmall journeys, with a careful wing,. 
 
 And fly to water at a neighbouring fpring ;. 
 
 And leaft their airy bodies fhould be caft 
 
 In reftlefs whirls, the fport of ev'ry blaft. 
 
 They carry ftones to poife 'em in their flight. 
 
 As baliaft: keeps th' unfteady veflel right. 
 
 But of all cufl:oms that the Bees can boafl:,. 
 'Tis this may challenge admiration mofl: ,• 
 That none will Hymen's fofter joys approve, 
 Nor wafte their fpirits in luxurious love. 
 But all a long virginity maintain, 
 And bring forth young without a mother's pain : 
 From herbs and flowers they pick each tender Bee, 
 And cull from plants a buzzing progeny ; 
 From thefe they chufe out fubjedts, and create 
 A little monarch of the rifmg ftate j 
 Then build wax-kingdoms for the infant prince. 
 And form a palace for his refidencc. 
 
 But often in their journeys, as they fly, 
 On flints they tear their filkcn wings, or lye 
 Crov'ling beneath their flowry load, and die.. 
 Thus love of honey can an infed fire. 
 And in a Fly iiich generous thoughts infpire.. 
 Yet by repeopling their decaying ftate, 
 Tho' fev.en fliort fprings conclude their vital date. 
 
 Their
 
 Poems on fen)eral Occasions. 27 
 
 Their ancient ftocks eternally remain, 
 
 And in an endlefs race the childrens children reign. 
 
 No proftrate vaflal of the Eaft can more 
 With flavifh fear his haughty prince adore j 
 His life unites 'em all ; but when he dies, 
 All in loud tumults and diftradions rife ,- 
 They wafte their honey, and their combs deface. 
 And wild confufion reigns in every place. 
 Him all admire, all the great guardian own. 
 And croud about his courts, and buzz about his throne. 
 Oft on their backs their weary prince they bear. 
 Oft in his caufe embattled in the air, 
 Purfue a glorious death, in wounds and war. 
 
 Some from fuch inflances as thefe have taught 
 *' The Bees extrad is heav'nly ; for they thought 
 
 The univerfe alive j and that a foul, 
 
 Difiiis'd throughout the matter of the whole. 
 
 To all the vaft unbounded frame was giv'n, 
 " And ran through earth, and air, and fea, and all the deep 
 
 of heav'n ; 
 ** That this firll kindled life in man and beafl, 
 " Life that again flows into this at laft. 
 ** That no compounded animal could die. 
 
 But when dilTolv'd, the fpirit mounted high, 
 
 Dwelt in a flar, and fettled in the sky. 
 
 
 
 When-e'er their balmy fweets you mean to feize, 
 And take the lic^uid labours of the Bees, 
 
 E z Spurt
 
 28 P o E M s o;/ federal Occasions. 
 
 Spurt draughts of water from your mouth, and drive 
 A loath fom cloud of fmoak amidft their hive» 
 
 Twice in the year their flow'ry toils begin. 
 And twice they fetch their dewy harveft in j 
 Once when the lovely Plemdes ariie. 
 And add frefli luftre to the fiimmer skies ,• 
 And once when haft'ning from the watry fign 
 They quit their ftation, and forbear to fhinc. 
 
 The Bees are prone to rage, and often found 
 To perilh for revenge, and die upon the wound. 
 Their venoni'd fting produces aking pains. 
 And fwells the flcfh, and flioots among the veins. 
 
 When firft a cold hard' winter's ftorms arrive. 
 And threaten death or famine to their hive. 
 If now their finking flate and low affairs 
 Can move your pity, and provoke your cares, 
 Frefh burning Tyme before their cells convey, 
 And cwt their dry and husky wax away,- 
 For often Lizards feize the lufcious fpoils. 
 Or Drones that riot on another's toils : 
 Oft broods of Moths inieft. the hungry f\varms. 
 And oft the ftirious Wafp their hive alarms 
 With louder hums, and with unequal arms ,• \ 
 
 Or elfe the Spider at their entrance lets 
 Her fnares, and Ipins her bowels into nets. 
 
 I 
 
 When ficknefs reigns (for they as well as we 
 jFeel all th'cffcds of frail moitality) By
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 29 
 
 By certain marks the new difeafe is feen, 
 Their colour changes, and their looks are thin j 
 Their funeral rites are form'd, and ev'ry Bee 
 With grief attends the fad folemnity ,• 
 The few difeas'd fiirvivors hang before 
 Their fickly cells, and droop about the door. 
 Or flowly in their hives their limbs unfold, 
 Shrunk up with hunger, and benumb'd with cold ; 
 In drawling hums, the feeble infeds grieve. 
 And doleful buzzes echo thro' the hive. 
 Like winds that foftly murmur thro' the trees, 
 Like flames pent up, or like retiring feas. 
 Now lay frefh honey near their empty rooms, . 
 In troughs of hollow reeds, whilft frying gums 
 Cafl: round a fragrant mift of fpicy fumes. 
 Thus kindly tempt the famifh'd fwarm to cat. 
 And gently reconcile 'cm to their meat. 
 Mix juice of Galls, and Wine, that grow in time 
 Condcns'd by fire, and thicken to a flimc ; 
 To thcfe dry'd Rofes, Tymc and Gentry join, 
 And RaiGns ripen'd. on the P/yfhian vine. 
 
 Befides there grows .i flow'r in marfiiy ground. 
 Its name AmelhiSj cafy to be found; 
 A mighty fpring works in its root, and cleaves 
 The fprouting ftalk, and fiiews it felf in leaves ; 
 The flow'r it felf is of a golden hue, 
 The leaves inclining to a darker blue : 
 The leaves fhoot tliick about the flow'r, and 2row 
 Into a bufli, and fliadc the turf below : 
 
 The
 
 qo V OT. MS on feveral Occasions. 
 
 The plant in holy garlands often twines 
 The altars' pofts, and beautifies the fhrines j 
 Its tafte is (harp, in vales new-fliorn it grows. 
 Where Mella'^ ftream in watry mazes flows. 
 Take plenty of its roots, and boil 'em well 
 In wine, and heap 'em up before the cell. 
 
 But if the whole ftock fail, and none furvivej 
 To raife new people, and recruit the hive, 
 I'll here the great experiment declare, 
 That fpread th' Arcadian {hepherd's name fo far. 
 How Bees from blood of flaughter'd Bulls have fled. 
 And fwarms amidft the red corruption bred. 
 
 For where i^' Egypnans yearly fee their bounds 
 Refrefli'd with floods, and fail about their grounds. 
 Where Perfia borders, and the rolling NUe 
 Drives fwiftly down the fwarthy Indians foil, 
 'Till into feven it multiplies its fl:ream. 
 And fattens Egypt with a fruitful flime : 
 In this laft practice all their hope remains. 
 And long experience juftifies their pains. 
 
 Firft then a clofe contraded fpace of ground, 
 With ftreighten'd walls and low-built roof they found ; 
 A narrow {helving light is next aflign'd 
 To all the quarters, one to every wind ^ 
 Through thefe the glancing rays obliquely pierce : 
 Hither they lead a Bull that's young and fierce. 
 
 When
 
 Poems on federal Occasions. 31 
 
 When two-years growth of horn he proudly {hows. 
 And (hakes the comely terrours of his brows : 
 His nofe and mouth, the avenues of breath, 
 They muzzle up, and beat his limbs to death j 
 "With violence to life and ftifling pain 
 He flings and ipurns, and tries to fnort in vain. 
 Loud heavy mows fall thick on ev'ry fide, 
 'Till his bruis'd bowels burfb within the hide. 
 When dead, they leave him rotting on the ground. 
 With branches, Tyme, and Cafia, ftrow'd around. 
 All tliis is done when firft the weftern breeze 
 Becalms the year, and fmooths the troubled ieas 5 
 Before the chattering Swallow builds her neft. 
 Or fields in fpring's embroidery are dreft. 
 Mean while the tainted juice ferments within. 
 And quickens as it works : And now are feen 
 A wond'rous fwarm, that o'er the carcafs crawls,. 
 Of (hapclefs, rude, unfinifh'd animals. 
 No legs at firft the infedi's weight fiiftain, 
 At length it moves its new-made limbs with pain ; 
 Now ftrikes the air with quiv'ring wings, and tries^ 
 To lift its body up, and learns to rife ,• 
 Now bending thighs and gilded wings it wears 
 Full grown, and all the Bee at length appears,- 
 From every fide the fruitful carcals pours 
 Its fwarming brood, as thick as fiimmer-fhow'rs. 
 Or flights of arrows from the Parthian bows, 
 When twanging fl;rings firft ihoot 'em on the focs^ 
 
 Thus
 
 32 F OEMS on feveral Occasions. 
 
 Thus have I fung the nature of the Bee; 
 While C^far, tow'ring to divinity, 
 The frighted Indians with his thunder aw'd, 
 And claim'd their homage, and commenc'd a God j 
 I flouriih'd all the wliile in arts of peace, 
 Retir'd and fheker'd in inglorious eafe : 
 I who before the fongs of ihepherds made. 
 When gay and young my rural lays I play'd. 
 And fet my Tityus beneath his fliade. 
 
 ^4 M.^^J^ 
 
 ■Mi^
 
 Poems on federal Occasions. 33 
 
 ^ S o N G. For St. GeciliaV T>ay 
 
 at Oxford. 
 
 I. 
 
 CE CIL I A, whofe exalted hymns 
 With joy and wonder fill the Bleft, 
 In choirs of warbling Seraphims 
 
 Known and diftinguifh'd from the reft. 
 Attend, harmonious Saint, and fee 
 Thy vocal fons of Harmony ; 
 Attend, harmonious Saint, and hear our pray'rs j 
 
 Enliven all our earthly airs, 
 And, as thou fmg'ft thy God, teach us to fmg of thee : 
 Tune ev'ry ftring and ev'ry tongue, 
 Be thou the Mufe and Subjc(5t of our fong, 
 
 II. 
 
 Let all Ceciha\ praife proclaim. 
 Employ the Echo in her name. 
 Hark how the Flutes and Trumpets raifc, 
 At bright Cecilia s name, their l.iysj 
 The Organ labours in her praife. 
 
 Vol. I. F Ceaha's
 
 34 F OB MS on feveral Occasions. 
 
 Cecilia's name does all our numbers grace. 
 From ev'ry voice the tuneful accents fly. 
 In foaring Trebles now it rifes high, 
 And now it finks, and dwells upon the Bafe. 
 Cecilia's name through all the notes we fing, 
 The work of ev'ry skilful tongue. 
 
 The found of ev'ry tremWing firing. 
 The found and triumph of our fbng. 
 
 III. 
 
 For ever confecrate the day. 
 To Mufick and Cecilia-^ 
 Mufick, the greatefl: good that mortals know,. 
 And all of heav'n we have below. 
 Mufick can noble hints impart. 
 Engender fury, kindle love ; 
 With unfiiJfpeded eloquence can move. 
 And manage all the man with fecret art. 
 When Orpheus ftrikes the trembling Lyre, 
 The ftreams fland ftill, the flones admire j 
 The lift'ning favages advance. 
 
 The Wolf and Lamb around him trip. 
 The Bears in awkard meafures leap, 
 And Tigers mingle in the dance. 
 The moving woods attended as he play'd^ 
 And Rhodope was left without a fhade, 
 
 IV. 
 
 Mufick religious heats infpires. 
 
 It wakes the foul, and lifts it high, 
 
 And
 
 Poems on fe'Deral Occasions. 35 
 
 And wings it with fublime defires, 
 
 And fits it to belpeak the Deity. 
 Th' Almighty liftens to a tunefid tongue, 
 And feems well-pleas'd and courted with a fong. 
 Soft moving founds and heav'nly airs 
 Give force to ev'ry word, and recommend our pray'rs. 
 
 When time it felf fhall be no more. 
 
 And all things in conflifion hurl'd, 
 
 Mufick fhall then exert its pow'r. 
 And found furvive the ruines of the world : 
 
 Then Saints and Angels fhall agree 
 
 In one eternal jubilee : 
 All heav'n fhall echo with their hymns divine. 
 
 And God himfelf with pleafure fee 
 The whole creation in a chorus join. 
 
 CHORUS. 
 
 Confecrate the place and day. 
 
 To Mufick and Cecilta, 
 
 Let no rough winds approach, nor dare 
 
 Invade the hallow'd bounds. 
 Nor rudely fhake the tuneful air. 
 
 Nor fpoil the fleeting founds. 
 Nor mournfid figh nor groan be heard. 
 
 But gladnefs dwell on ev'ry tongue j 
 Whilfl all, with voice and firings prepar'd. 
 
 Keep up the loud harmonious fong. 
 And imitate the Blefl above, 
 In joy, and harmony, and love. 
 
 F 2 j^n
 
 36 P o E MS on fevcral Occasions. 
 
 ^n Account of fhe Greatefi En- 
 
 glifh Poets. 
 
 To Mr. H S. /ipYil 3, 1694. 
 
 SlNCRy dearefi W^LXT^jy 'you will needs requejl 
 AJhort account of all the Mufe-po(fefi, 
 TT^at, down from Chaucer'^ da'ys to Dryden'j times ^ 
 Have fpent their noble rage in Britifh rhimes ; 
 Without more preface y writ in formal lengthy 
 To fpeak the undertaker's want ofjirength, 
 til try to make their fev'ral beauties known. 
 And fhow their verfes worthy tho\ not my own. 
 
 Long had our dull fore-fathers (lept flipine, 
 Nor felt the raptures of the tuneful Nine ,• 
 'Till Chaucer firft, a merry Bard, arofe. 
 And many a ftory told in rhime, and ptofe. 
 But age has rufted what the Poet writ, 
 Worn out his language, and obfcur'd his wit : 
 In vain he jefts in his unpolifh'd drain, 
 And tries to make his readers laugh in vain. 
 
 Old
 
 Poems on fe'veral Occasions. 37 
 
 Old Spenfer next, warm'd with poetick rage. 
 In ancient tales amus'd a barb'rous age i 
 An age that yet uncultivate and rude, 
 Where-e'er the poet's fancy led, purdi'd 
 Thro' pathlefs fields, and unfrequented floods. 
 To dens of dragons, and enchanted woods. 
 But now the myftick tale, that pleas'd of yore. 
 Can charm an underftanding age no more j 
 The long-fpun allegories fiilfom grow. 
 While the dull moral lyes too plain below. 
 We view well-pleas'd at diftance all the fights ") 
 
 Of arms and palfries, battels, fields and fights, /" 
 
 And damfels in diftrels, and courteous knights. j 
 
 But when we look too near, the fhades decay, 
 And all the pleafing iandfchape fades away. 
 
 Great Cowley then (a mighty genius) wrote, 
 O'er-run with wit, and lavijfh of his thought : 
 His turns too clofely on the reader prefs : 
 He more had pleas'd us, had he pleas'd us lefs. 
 One glittering thought no fooner ftrikes our eyes 
 With filent wonder, but new wonders rile. 
 As in the milky-way a fhining white 
 O'er-flows the heav'ns with one continu'd light ; 
 That not a fingle ftar can {hew his rays, 
 Whilft jointly all promote the common blaze. 
 Pardon, great Poet, that I dare to name 
 Th' unnumbcr'd beauties of thy vcrfe with blame ; 
 
 Thy
 
 ^8 Vq-em s on federal Occasions. 
 
 Thy fault is only wit in its exccfs, 
 
 But wit like thine in any fhape will pleafc. 
 
 What Mufc but thine can equal hints infpire. 
 
 And fit the deep-mouth'd P'mdar to thy lyre : 
 
 Pindar J whom others in a labour'd drain. 
 
 And forc'd expreffion, imitate in vajn ? 
 
 Well-pleas'd in thee he foars with new delight, 
 
 And plays in more unbounded verfe, and takes a nobler flight. 
 
 Bleft man! whofe fpotlefs hfe and charming lays 
 "Employ'd the tuneful Prelate in thy praife: 
 Bleft man ! who now (halt be for ever known. 
 In Sprafs (iiccefsful labours and thy own. 
 
 But Milton next, with high and haughty ftalks, 
 XJnfetter'd in majeftick numbers walks j 
 No vulgar hcroe can his Mufe ingage ,• 
 Nor earth's wide iztno. confine liis hallow'd ra^e. 
 See ! lee, he upv/ard fprings, and tow'ring high 
 Spurns the dull province of mortality, 
 Shakes heav'ns eternal throne with dire alarms. 
 And fetsth' Almighty thunderer in arms. 
 W hat-e'er his pen defcribes I more than j(ee, 
 Whilft ev'ry verfe, array'd in majefty, 
 Bold, and iublime, my whole attention draws, 
 And feems above the critick's nicer laws. 
 How are you ftruck with terror and delight. 
 When angel with arch-angel copes in fight ! 
 When great MeiTiah's out-fpread banner fbnes. 
 How does the chariot rattle in his lines .' 
 
 What
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 39 
 
 What founds of brazen wheels, what tliunder, fcare, 
 
 And ftun the reader with the din of war ! 
 
 With fear my fpirits and my blood retire, 
 
 To fee the Seraphs funk in clouds of fire ; 
 
 But when, with eager fteps, from hence I rife. 
 
 And view the firft gay fcenes of Paradffe ^ 
 
 What tongue, what words of rapture catl cxprefs 
 
 A vifion fo profufe of pleafantnefs. 
 
 Oh had the Poet ne'er profan'd his pen. 
 
 To vernifh o'er the guilt of faithlefs men; 
 
 His other works might have deferv'd applaufe! 
 
 But now the language can't fupport the caufe ; 
 
 While the clean current, tho' ferene and bright. 
 
 Betrays a bottom odious to the fight. 
 
 But now my Mufe a fofi:er ftrain reherfe. 
 Turn ev'ry line with art, and fmooth thy verfe ,• 
 The courtly Waller next commands thy lays : 
 Mufe tune thy verfe, with art, to Waller''^, praife. 
 While tender airs and lovely dames infpire 
 Soft melting thoughts, and propagate defire; 
 So long fhall Waller\ ftrains our paffion move. 
 And Sachar'i(fa\ beauties kindle love. 
 Thy verfe, harmonious Bard, and flatt'ring fong, 
 Can make the vanquifiVd great, the coward flrong;. 
 Thy verfe can fhow ev'n CromwelH innocence, 
 And complement the florms that bore him hence. 
 Oh had thy Mufe not come an age too foon. 
 But feen great Najfau on the BriuJJj throne ! 
 
 How
 
 40 V o% us on fe'veral Occasions. 
 
 How had his triumphs glitter'd in thy page. 
 And warm'd thee to a more exalted lage ! 
 What fcenes of death and horror had we view'd. 
 And how had Boin's wide current reek'd in blood f 
 Or if Maria's charms thou wou'dft rehearfe. 
 In fmoother numbers and a fofter verfe ; 
 Thy pen had well defcnb'd her graceful air. 
 And Gloriana wou'd have feem'd more fair. 
 
 Nor muft RofcommQn pafs neglected by, 
 That makes ev'n Rules a noble poetry : 
 Rules whofe deep fenfe and heav'nly numbers {how 
 The bed of criticks, and of poets too. 
 Nor, Denham^ mull we e'er forget thy ftrains. 
 While Cooper's Hill commands the neighb'ring plains. 
 
 But fee where artful Dryden next appears 
 Grown old in rhime, but charming ev'n in years. 
 Great Dryden next, whole tunefol Mufe affords 
 The fwecteft numbers, and the fitteft words. 
 Whether in Comick founds or Tragick airs 
 She forms her voice, Hie moves our fmilcs or tears. 
 If Satire or heroick ftrains fhe writer, 
 Her Hcroe pleafe, and her Satire bites. 
 From her no harfh unartful numbers fall, 
 She wears all dreifes, and Ihe charms in all. 
 How might w.c fear our Englijh Poetry, 
 That long has flourilh'd, ftiou'd decay with thee ; 
 Did not the Mufcs other hope appear. 
 Harmonious Congreve^ and forbid our fear : 
 
 Coyjgreve /
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 41 
 
 Congreve ! whofe fancy's uncxhaufted (lore 
 Has given already much, and promis'd more. 
 Congreve (ball ftill preferve thy fame aUve, 
 And Dr'jden's Mufe (hall in his Friend (urvive. 
 
 I'm tir'd with rhiming, and wou'd fain give o'er, 
 But juftice ftill demands one labour more : 
 The noble Montague remains unnam'd, 
 For wit, for humour, and for judgment fam'dj 
 To Dorfet he directs his artful Mufe, 
 In numbers fiich as Dorfefs felf might ufe. 
 How negligently graceful he unreins 
 His verfe, and writes in loofe familiar ftrains j 
 How Najfat^s godlike ads adorn his lines. 
 And all the Heroe in full glory (bines. 
 We fee his army fet in juft array, 
 And Bain's dy'd waves run purple to the fea. 
 Nor Simois choak'd with men, and arms, and blood ; 
 Nor rapid Xanthus\ celebrated flood. 
 Shall longer be the Poet's higheft themes, 
 Tho' gods and heroes fought promifcuous in their ftreams. 
 But now, to NajfatCs fecret councils rais'd, 
 He aids the Heroe, whom before he prais'd. 
 
 tve done at length \ and now^ dear Friend, receive 
 The laft poor prefent that my Mufe can gjve. 
 I leave the arts of poetry and verfe 
 To them that praB'tfe "em with more fuccefs. 
 Of greater truths I'll now prepare to telly 
 Andfo at once J dear Friend and Mufe, farewell. 
 
 Vol. L G A
 
 42 P o E M s o« federal Occasions. 
 
 LETTERA SCRITTA DITALIA 
 
 AL MOLTO ONORABILE 
 
 CARLO Conte HALIFAX 
 
 Dal Signore Giuseppe Addison I' Anno 
 MDCCI. In Verfi Ingle ft. 
 
 E TRADOTTA IN VERSI TOSCANI. * 
 
 Salve magna farens frugum Saturnia tellus.. 
 Magna v'trum ! tib't res antiqna laudls et artis 
 Aggredior, Cantos aufus recludere fontes. 
 
 ME NT RE, Sigfioy, V ombre v'llkfche attraggonvly 
 E dt Britannia dagli Ufici toltovi 
 Nonpiuj ch" afmi ingrati Ftgli piaccia^ 
 Per lor vantagg/o, voflro ozio immolate j 
 Me in ejieri Regni il Fato invia 
 Entro genii feconde tn carmt eterniy 
 U la dolce fiagton, eH vago Clima 
 FannOy che vojlra quiete in verfi io turhi. 
 
 Ovunque 
 
 * By the Abbot Anton. Maria Salvini Greek Profejfor at Florence.
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 43 
 
 LETTER from ITAL% 
 
 To the Right Honourable 
 
 Charles Lord Halifax. 
 
 In the Year MDCCL 
 
 Salve magna parens frugum Saturnia tellus. 
 
 Magna v'lrum ! tibi res antiqua laud'ts et arttt 
 
 Aggredior, fanCios aujks recludere f antes. Virg. Geor. x. 
 
 WHILE you, my Lord, the rural (hades admire, 
 And from Brkanma's pubHck pofts retire. 
 Nor longer, her ungrateful fons to pleafe. 
 For their advantage facrifice your eafe ,• 
 Me into foreign realms my fate conveys. 
 Through nations fruitful of immortal lays. 
 Where the foft feafon and inviting clime 
 Confpire to trouble your repofe with rhime. 
 
 G 2 For
 
 44- Po 'EMS on federal Occasions. 
 
 Ovunque to girt t mm rap'itt lumi^ 
 Scene auree, liete, e ch'iare vijie malzanft^ 
 Attorn'tanmt Poet'tche Campagne, 
 Parm't ognor di cakar claffico fmle ^ 
 Stfovente ivi Mufa accordo V Arpa^ 
 Che non cantata tnun colle forgevi, 
 Celehre in verfi ivi ogni pianta crefce, 
 E in celejte armonia ciafcun rio corre. 
 
 Come mi gtova a cercar poggi, e hofcht 
 Per chiare fontiy e cekbrati fiumi^ 
 Alia Nera vederfiera infuo corfo 
 Tracciar Clitumno chiaro in Jua forgente , 
 Veder condur fua fchiera d' acque il Mmcio 
 Per lunghi giri dt feionda ripa^ 
 E dAlbula canuta d guado mfetto 
 Sm caldo letto di fumante folfo. 
 
 Di mille eftaji accefo io fopraveggio 
 Correre il Po per praterie fiorite 
 De Fiumi Re, che fovra i pian fcorrendo, 
 Le torreggianti Alpi in natia muragUa 
 Delia met a dt loro nmore afciuga ; 
 Superboy e gonfio dell" hiberne nevi 
 L' ahbondanza comparte oif egli corre, 
 
 Talor fmarrito dal drappel fonoro 
 1 rii rimiro immortalati in canto, 
 Che gtaccionfi infdenzio, e obblio perdnti, 
 {Miiti i krfontifonj fecche lor vene) 
 
 Pur^
 
 Poems on fe'veral Occasions. 45 
 
 For wherefoe'er I turn my ravifVi'd eyes, 
 Gay gilded fcenes and fhining profpeds rife, 
 Poetick fields encompafs me around, 
 And ftill I feem to tread on Claflic ground ; 
 For here the Mufe fb oft her Harp has ftrung, 
 That not a mountain rears its head unfung, 
 Renown'd in verfe each fhady thicket grows. 
 And ev'ry ftream in heavenly numbers flows. 
 
 How am I pleas'd to fearch the hills and woods 
 For rifing fprings and celebrated floods! 
 To view the Nar, tumultuous in his courfe, 
 And trace the fmooth Clttumnus to his jfburce, 
 To fee the Mtnc'io draw his watry (lore 
 Through the long windings of a fruitful fhorc. 
 And hoary Alhtda's infeded tide 
 O'er the warm bed of fmoaking fiilphur glide, 
 
 Fir'd with a thoufand raptures I furvey 
 Er'idanus through flowery meadows ftray, 
 The king of floods! that rolling o'er the plains 
 The towering Alps of half their moifture drains. 
 And proudly fwoln with a whole winter's fnows, 
 Diftributes wealth and plenty where he flows. 
 
 Sometimes, mifguided by the tuneful throng, 
 I look for ftreams immortaUz'd in ^ng, 
 That loft in filence and oblivion lye, 
 ( Dumb are their fountains and their channels dry) 
 
 Yet
 
 4^ F o E MS on federal Occasions. 
 
 Pur, per fenno d'l Mufe^ e't fon perenn'ty 
 Lor mormor'io perenne m ierfi carrm, 
 
 Talora al genitlTehro to ml rtt'irOy 
 Le vote ripe del gran Ftume ammiro, 
 .Che privo dt poter fm corfo tragge 
 'D'una gretta urna, e fierile forgente i 
 Pur fiiona e'l nelle bocche de Poetic 
 S ICC he '/ miro al Danuhto, e al Nd far f cor no ; 
 Cos) Mufa tmmortale m alto tl leva. 
 Tal' era H Bom povero, ignoh'il flume y 
 Che nelle Hiberne valh ofcuro errava, 
 Ei inojfervato tn fuot gtrt fcherzava. 
 ^mndo per Vofir'i Ferji, e per la Spada 
 Di Najfo, rmomato, P onde fue 
 Levate in alto pel Mondo rifuonano 
 Ovunque dello F]roe le dtvm^ opre^ 
 E ove andra fama d^ immortal verfo* 
 
 Oh /' efiatico mio petto infpirajje 
 Mufa con un furor Jimtle al vofiro ! 
 Infinite bellezze avria 7 mio verfoy 
 Cederia di Vhgilto a ^el I' Italia. 
 
 Mir a quali auree felve attorno ridonrntj 
 Che della tempefiofa di Britannia 
 Ifola s) ne fchivano la cofla, 
 trapiantate, e con penfier guar date 
 Maledicon la fredda Regtone, 
 R neW aria del Norte illanguidifcono, 
 Calor dolor il montante umor ne lievita 
 A nobd gufiiy e piu efaltati odori. 
 
 Rozze
 
 F OEM s on feveral Occasions. 47 
 
 Yet run for-ever by the Mufe's skill. 
 
 And in the imooth defcription murmur flill. 
 
 Sometimes to gentle Tiber I retire. 
 And the fam'd river's Empty fhores admire. 
 That deftitute of ftrencrth derives its courfc 
 From thrifty urns and an unfruitful Iburce ^ 
 Yet fling fo often in poetick lays. 
 With fcorn the Danube and the Nile furveys ; 
 So high the deathlefs Mufe exalts her theme! 
 Such was the Botrij a poor inglorious ftream, 
 That in Hibernian vales obfcurely ftray'd. 
 And unobferv'd in wild Meanders play'd ,• 
 'Till by Your lines and Najfau's fword renown'd. 
 Its rifing billows through the world refound, 
 Where-e'er the Heroe's godlike ads can pierce. 
 Or where the fame of an immortal vcrfe. 
 
 Oh cou'd the Mufe my ravifh'd breaft infpire 
 With warmth like yours, and raife an equal lire^ 
 Unnumber'd beauties in my verfe fhou'd fhine^ 
 And Firgil's Italy fhou'd yield to mine ! 
 
 See how the golden groves around me fmile, 
 That fhun the coaft o( Britain's flormy Ifla^ 
 Or when tranfplanted and preferv'd with care, 
 Curfe the cold clime, and ftarve in northern air. 
 Here kindly warmth their mounting juice ferments 
 To nobler tafles, and more exalted fcents ; 
 
 Ev'n
 
 48 V o B M s on feveral O c c A signs. 
 
 Rozze ancor rupt molle rmrto menano 
 Ricco profumOy pefle .erhette olezzano. 
 Pcrttmi un Dio dt Bam a t gentd Seggi, 
 ne verdt rtttri d' Umhria traggami, 
 Ove i Ponentt eterna han reftdenza. 
 T'litte jlagton'i lor pomp a profondonOy 
 Germogl}^ e frutti, e fiort tnfteme alleganOy 
 E m gat a confufion Jia f anno tutto. 
 
 Ghrie jmmortalt in mm mente rwivono, 
 Comhatton nel cuor m'to hen mille affettty 
 Allorache di Roma /' efaltate 
 Bellezze giu giacerfi 10 ne dtfcuoproy 
 Magnificenti in Moh dt rutne. 
 D'Anfiteatro una jiupenda altezza 
 Dt terror mi riempiey e dt dtlettOy 
 Che Roma ne ftioi pubblki fpettacoU 
 Difpopolava, e Nazioni intere 
 Agtatamente tnfuo grembo capia. 
 Paffanvi i Ctel Colonne afpre d' intagUoy 
 Di Trionfo ftiperbi Archi la forgonOy 
 U de prtfcht Roman V immortal' opre 
 Dtfpiegate alia vijia o^nor rinfacciano 
 La vtle lore tralignata jitrpe. 
 ^ui tutti t finmt lafctan gm lor pianiy 
 Per aerei condotti in alto corrono. 
 
 Sempre a novelle Scene mia vagante 
 Mufa s) ft ritragge, e muta ammira 
 D alto fpettacol d animate Rupi, 
 Ove mojlrb fcalpel tutta fua forza, 
 Ed tn came addolc) fcabrofo fajfo. 
 In folenne filenziOy tn maejlade 
 Rrot jlanmfty e Dety e Roman Con f oh: 
 
 Torvt
 
 Poems on fe'veral Occasions. 49 
 
 Ev'n the rough rocks with tender Myrtle bloom, 
 And trodden Weeds (end out a rich perfume. 
 Bear me, fome God, to Bala's gentle leats. 
 Or cover me in Umbrta's green retreats ^ 
 Where weftern gales eternally refide. 
 And all the feafons lavifli all their pride : 
 BlolToms, and fruits, and flowers together rife, 
 And the whole year in gay confufion lies. 
 
 Immortal glories in my mind revive, 
 And in my foul a thoufand paflions fl:rivc, 
 When Rome's exalted beauties I defcry 
 Magnificent in piles of ruine lye. 
 An amphitheater's amazing height 
 Here fills my eye with terror and delight, 
 That on its publick fhows Unpeopled Rome, 
 And held Uncrowded nations in its womb : 
 Here pillars rough with fculpture pierce the skies : 
 And here the proud triumphal arches rife, 
 Where the old Romans deathlefs ad:s di/play'd. 
 Their bafe degenerate progeny upbraid : 
 Whole rivers here forfake the fields below, 
 And wond'ring at their height through airy channels flow. 
 
 Still to new fcenes my wand'ring Mufc retires. 
 And the dumb fhow of breathing rocks admires j 
 Where the fmooth chiifel all its force has fhown, 
 And foften'd into flefh the rugged ftone. 
 In folemn filencc, a majeftick band, 
 Heroes, and Gods, and Roman Confiils iland, 
 
 Vol. I. H Stern
 
 5o F o^M s on federal Occasions. 
 
 Torv'i Ttranni in crudeha famofi^ 
 E Imperadort in Pario Marmo acctglianfi -^ 
 Mentre Dame hyillantiy a cm con nmtle 
 Serv'itH flan foggett't^ ognora moflrano 
 I vezzi, che gli altieri cuor domaro, 
 
 Volent'teri to vorria di Raffaele 
 Coniar t arte dtvina^ efarvedere 
 Gl immortalt la^ori nel mto verfo. 
 La ve da imfla forza d' omhre, e luce 
 Nmva creazion forge a mi a vifla^ 
 Tai celefl'i figure efcon da fu^ 
 Pennelloj e t mefl'tcat't fuo'i colon 
 Caldi di vita cos) ne sfav'illano, 
 Di foggette infoggptOy d'un fegreto 
 Placer prcfo^ e mfiammato attorno to gno 
 Tra lafoave varietd perduto. 
 Mio ftrahihto fpirto qua confondono 
 Arie vezzofe in circolanti note 
 Paffeggiantij e infonori labirinti. 
 Cupokj e Templi i alzan la m diflanti 
 yedute^ ed in Palagi aperti, ed ampli 
 A celehr argil invitano la Mufa. 
 
 Come indulgente Ciclo adorno mat 
 La fortunata terra ^ e fovra quella 
 Verso benedtzioni a piena mano f 
 Ma che vaglion le lor dovizie eternCy 
 htoriti montiy e foleggiate rive 
 Con tutti doHy che Cteloj e Suol compartono^ 
 J rifi di Naiura, e i vezzi dArte, 
 Memre ahiera Oppreffion regna infue Valli, 
 E Tiranma fuoi Pian felici ujiirpal 
 II povreo Ab It ante mira indarno 
 II roffeggiante Arancio^ e V pingue Qram^ 
 Crefcer dolente ei mira ed oli^ e vinij 
 E de mini odorar /' omhra ft fdegna, /^
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions* $r 
 
 Stern tyrants, whom their cruelties renown, 
 
 And emperors in Parian marble frown ,• 
 
 While the bright dames, to whom they humbly lu'd. 
 
 Still fliow the charms that their proud hearts fubdu'd. 
 
 Fain wou'd I Raphaels godlike art rehearfe, 
 And (how th' immortal labours in my verfe, 
 Where from the mingled ftrength of fhade and light 
 A new creation rifes to my fight, 
 Such heav'nly figures from his pencil flow, 
 So warm with life his blended colours glow. 
 From theme to theme with fecret pleafiire toft, 
 Amidft the foft variety I'm loft : 
 Here pleafing airs my raviftit foul confound 
 With circling notes and labyrinths of found; 
 Here domes and temples rife in diftant views, 
 And opening palaces invite my Mule. 
 
 How has kind heav'n adorn'd the happy land. 
 And fcatter'd bleflings with a wafteful hand ! 
 But what avail her unexhaufted ftores. 
 Her blooming mountains, and her fiinny fliores. 
 With all the gifts that hcav'n and earth impart, 
 The fmiles of nature, and the charms of art. 
 While proud Opprelfion in her vallies reigns. 
 And Tyranny ufiirps her happy plains ? 
 The poor inhabitant beholds in vain 
 The red'ning Orange and the fwelling grain : 
 Joylefs he fees the growing Oils and Wines, 
 And in the Myrtle's fragrant (hade repines: 
 
 H 2 Starves,
 
 52 V OB US on federal Occasions. 
 
 h mezzo alia Bonta della Natura 
 Maledetto langmfcey e dentro a car'tche 
 Di vmo vtgne muore per la fete. 
 
 Ltbertay o Dea Celejiey e Bella / 
 Di hen profufa, e pregna di dtletto f 
 Piaceri eterni te prefente regnano. 
 Guida tuo gaio tren lieta dovizia 
 Vien nelfm pefo Suggezion piu lieve ; 
 P overt a fernbra allegra in tua veduta j , 
 Fai di Natura d vifo of euro gaio j 
 Doni al Sole bellezza, al gtorno gioia, 
 
 Te Dea, te la Britannia Ifola adora. 
 Come ha fovente ella ogni ben fuo efaujlo, 
 E fpeffo fha di morte in campi cerco / 
 Niuno penfa il tuo poffente pregio 
 A troppo caro prezzo effer comprato. 
 Puofopra ejleri monti il Sole i grappoU 
 Per dolcefugo maturare a vino-, 
 Di bofchi di cedrati ornare il fuolo, 
 Gonjiar la graffa oliva influtti d'olioy 
 Non innjidiamo d piu fervente Clima 
 Dell' Etere piu dolce in died gradi j 
 Di nofiro Ciel maledizion non duolmi, 
 Ne a Noi in capo Pleiadi ghiacciatey 
 Corona Liberta la Britamf Jfola, 
 E fa fue fieril hianche rupi rider e, 
 
 Le torreggtanti Moli altrui diUttino^ 
 E U fuperbe amhiziofe Cupole^ 
 
 Un
 
 Poem s on federal Occasions. 53 
 
 Starves, in the midft of nature's bounty curft, 
 And in the loaden vineyard dies for thirft. 
 
 Oh Liberty, thou Goddefs heavenly bright, 
 Profiife of Wifs, and pregnant with dehght ! 
 Eternal pleafures in thy prefence reign. 
 And fmiling Plenty leads thy wanton train j 
 Eas'd of her load Subjedion grows more light, 
 And Poverty looks chearful in thy fight ,• 
 Thou mak'ft the gloomy face of Nature gay, 
 Giv'ft beauty to the Sun, and plcafure to the Day. 
 
 Thee, Goddefs, thee, Britannia's Ifle adores; 
 How has file oft exhaufted all her fl:ores, 
 How oft in fields of death thy prefence fought, 
 Nor thinks the mighty prize too dearly bought.' 
 On foreign mountains may the Sun refine 
 The Grape's foft juice, and mellow it to wine;j 
 With Citron groves adorn a diftant foil. 
 And the fat Olive fwell with floods of oil : 
 We envy not the warmer cfime, that lies 
 In ten degrees of more indulgent skies. 
 Nor at the coarfenefs of our heaven repine, 
 Tho' o'er our heads the frozen Pleiads fiiine : 
 'Tis Liberty that crowns Britannia's Ifie, 
 And makes her barren rocks and her bleak mountains finile. 
 
 Others with towering piles may pleafe the fight. 
 And in their proud afpiring domes delight ,-
 
 54 ^ OEMS on federal Occasions. 
 
 Uh gentil colpo a mm vil tela dare^ 
 Od mfegnar SaJJl animau a v'tvere. 
 /)' Europa ful defltn vegliar Brttanma 
 Ha cur a., e btlanctar gh Rmult Statt \ 
 Dt guerra mtnacctare ardttt Regt\ 
 Degli affltttt Vic'tm udire t preght. 
 Dam^ e Sveco attaccat'i in fiere Allarme 
 Dt lor armt ptetofe benedicono 
 La prudente Condottay e 7 buon Goverm. 
 Tojlo che pot le nofire Flotte appaionOj 
 Cejfano tntti t lor fpaventi, e m Pace 
 Tutto tl Settentrional Mondo fi gtace. 
 
 IJ amhtziofo Gallo con fegreto 
 Tremito vede all' afpirantt fua 
 Tefta m'trar dt let il Gran Tonante, 
 E volentleri t fuo't divim Ftglt 
 J/orrebbe difunttt per firaniero 
 OrOy pur per domejlica contefa. 
 Ma acqu'ijlarey o dividere in van provaji, 
 Cui V arme di Nafsby e 7 fenno guida. 
 
 Del nome accefoy cut fovefUe ho trov^' 
 Remoti Cltmt^ e lingue rifmarCy 
 Con pena imbrtgUo mia lottante Mufa, 
 Che ama lanctarfi in p'lu ardita prova^ 
 
 Ma io di gta hovvi turhato ajfaiy 
 Ne tentar ofo un ptu fublime Canto. 
 Piu dolce Thema il bajfo verfo chiedemiy 
 Fioriti pratiy o gorgoglianti rivty 
 Mai propria per gli Eroi : che i. Carml etern's . 
 ^al di Virgilioy o Vofiri onorar deibono.
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 55 
 
 A nicer touch to the ftretcht canvas give, 
 Or teach their animated rocks to live : 
 'Tis Britain's care to watch o'er Europfs fate, 
 And hold in balance each contending ftate, 
 To threaten bold prefumptuous kings with war, 
 And anfwer her afflicted neighbours' pray'r. 
 The Dane and Swede, rous'd up by fierce alarms, 
 Blcfs the wife condud of her pious arms : 
 Soon as her fleets appear, their terrors ceafe. 
 And all the northern world lies hufli'd in peace. 
 
 Th' ambitious Gaul beholds with fecret dread 
 Her thunder aim'd at his afpiring head, 
 And fain her godUke fons wou'd difunite 
 By foreign gold, or by domeftick fpite j 
 But ftrives in vain to conquer or divide. 
 Whom Najfau's arms defend and counfels guide. 
 
 Fir'd with the name, which I fo oft have found 
 The diftant climes and different tongues refound, 
 I bridle in my ftrugling Mufc witli pain, 
 That longs to launch into a bolder ftrain. 
 
 But I've already troubled you too long, 
 Nor dare attempt a more advent'rous fong. 
 My humble vcrfe demands a foftcr theme, 
 A painted meadow, or a purling ftream ; 
 Unfit for Heroes j whom immortal lays, 
 And lines like Virgtl\, or hkc yours, fliou'd praiic.
 
 ^6 V o E MS on fe'veral O c c A s i o n s. 
 
 MiltonV Sti/e imitated^ in a Tranjlation 
 of a Story out of the Third ^neid. 
 
 LOST in the gloomy horror of the night 
 We ftruck upon the coafl: where /Etna Hes, 
 Horrid and wade, its entrails fraught with fire, 
 That now cafts out dark fumes and pitchy clouds, 
 Vafl fhowcrs of afhes hov'ring in the fmoke j 
 Now belches molten flones and ruddy flame 
 Incenfl, or tears up rnountains by the roots. 
 Or flings a broken rock aloft in air. 
 The bottom works with fmother'd fire, involv'd 
 In peflilential vapours, flench and fmoke. 
 
 'Tis faid, that thunder-flruck Enceladus 
 Groveling beneath th' incumbent mountain's weight 
 Lyes flretch'd fiipine, eternal prey of flames ; 
 And when he heaves a^ainfl the burning load, 
 Rcludant, to invert his broilinp- limbs, 
 A fudden earthquake fhoots through all the Ifle, 
 And /Etna thunders dreadful under ground, 
 Then pours out fmoke in wreathing curls convolv'd. 
 And fr.ades the Sun's bright o-rb, and blots out Day. 
 
 Here
 
 Poems on federal Occasions, ^y 
 
 Here in the fhelter of the woods we lodg'd, 
 And frighted heard ftrange founds and difmal yells, 
 Nor faw from whence they came ; for all the night 
 A murky ftorm deep louring o'er our heads 
 Hung imminent, that with impervious gloom 
 Oppos'd it felf to Cynthia's filver ray, 
 And (haded all beneath. But now the Sun 
 With orient beams had chas'd the dewy night 
 From earth and heav'n ; all nature ftood difclos'd : 
 When looking on the neighb'ring woods we faw 
 The ghaftly vifage of a man unknown. 
 An uncouth feature, meagre, pale, and wild ; 
 Afflidion's foul and terrible difmay 
 Sate in his looks, his face impair'd and worn 
 With marks of famine, /peaking fore diftrefs ,• 
 His locks were tangled, and his (haggy beard 
 Matted with filth ; in all things elfe a Greek. 
 
 He firft advanc'd in hafte ; but, when he law 
 Trojans and Trojan arms, in mid career 
 Stopt {hort, he back recoil'd as one furpriz'd ; 
 But fbon recovering fpeed, he ran, he flew 
 Precipitant, and thus with piteous cries 
 Our ears alfail'd : " By heav'ns eternal fires. 
 
 By ev*ry God that fits enthron'd on high. 
 
 By this good light, relieve a wretch forlorn, 
 ** And bear me henoe to any diftant (hore, 
 " So I may jfhun this favage race accurft. 
 ** Tis true I fought among the Greeks that late 
 
 Vol. LI "With 

 
 jS P o E M s (9/^ feveral Occasions. 
 
 " With fword and. fire o'erturn'd Neptuman Tro'jy 
 
 " And laid the labour of the Gods in duft j 
 
 " For which, if fo the fad offence defer ves, 
 
 '' Plung'd in the deep, for ever let me lye 
 
 " Whelm'd under feas; if death vaw^. he my doora^ 
 
 " Let Man inflid it, and I Cm Wv;il-pl'^as'd. 
 
 He ended here, and now profufe of tears 
 In liippliant mood fell proftrate at our feet: 
 We bade him fpeak from whence, and what he was, 
 And how by ftrefs of fortune (iink thus low ; 
 Anch'ifes too with friendly a(pe6t mild 
 Gave him his hand, fure pledge of amity ,• 
 When, thus encouraged, he began his tale. 
 
 I'm one, fays he, of poor defcent, my name 
 Is Achdemenides^ my country Greece, 
 Ulyjfes' fad compeer, who whilft he fled 
 The raging Cyclops^ left me here behind 
 Difconfolate, forlorn j within the cave 
 He left me, giant Pohypheme's dark cave,j 
 A dungeon wide and horrible, the walls 
 On all fides furr'd with mouldy damps, and hung 
 With clots of ropy gore, and human limbs. 
 His dire repaft : himfelf of mighty fize, 
 Hoarfe in his voice, and in his vifage grim. 
 Intractable, that riots on the flefh 
 Of mortal Men, and fwills the vital blood. 
 Him did I fee fnatch up with horrid grafp 
 Two fprawling Greeks y in either hand a man ;
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 59 
 
 I faw him when with huge tempeftuous (way 
 
 He daiht and broke 'em on the grundfil edge ,• 
 
 The pavement fwam in blood, the walls around 
 
 Were (patter'd o'er with brains. He lapt the blood, 
 
 And chew'd the tender flelh ftill warm with life, 
 
 That fwell'd and heav'd it felf amidft his teeth 
 
 As lenfibie of pain. Not lefs mean while 
 
 Our chief incens'd, and ftudious of revenge, 
 
 Plots his deftru6tion, which he thus effeds. 
 
 The giant, gorg'd with flelh, and wine^ and blood, 
 
 Lay ftretcht at length and fnoring in his den, 
 
 Belching raw gobbets from his maw, o'er-chargcd 
 
 With purple wine and cruddled gore confufed, 
 
 We gather'd round, and to his lingle eye. 
 
 The fingle eye that in his forehead glar'd 
 
 Like a full moon, or a broad burnifh'd fhicld, 
 
 A forky ftaff we dext'roufly apply'd, 
 
 Which, in the fpacious focket turning round, 
 
 Scoopt out the big round gclly from its orb. 
 
 But let me not thus interpolfe delays ; 
 
 Fly, mortals, fly this curft detefted race: ■ 
 
 A hundred of the fame ikipendous fize^ 
 
 A hundred Cyclops live among the hills, 
 
 Gigantick brotherhood, that ftalk along 
 
 With horrid ftrides o'er the high mountains top-?, • 
 
 Enormous in their gait • I oft have heard 
 
 Their voice and tread, oft fccn 'em as they pad:, 
 
 Sctilking and fcowring down, half dead with fear. 
 
 Thrice has the Moon wafh'd all her orb in lijiht. 
 
 Thrice travell'd o'er, in her obfcure fojourn, 
 
 I z The
 
 6o V o IE. us on fever al Occasions. 
 
 The realms of Night inglorious, fince I've liv'd 
 
 Amidft thefe woods, gleaning from thorns and flirabs 
 
 A wretched fuftenance. As thus he fpoke. 
 
 We faw defcending from a neighb'ring hill 
 
 Blind Pol<yphemei by weary fleps and flow 
 
 The groping giant with a trunk of Pine 
 
 Explor'd his way,- around, his woolly flocks 
 
 Attended grazing ; to the well-known fliore 
 
 He bent his courfe, and on the margin fl:ood, 
 
 A hideous monfter, terrible, deform'd ^ 
 
 Full in the midft of his high front there gap'd 
 
 The fpacious hollow where his eye-ball roU'd, 
 
 A ghaftly orifice : he rins'd the wound. 
 
 And wafti'd away the firings and clotted blood 
 
 That cak'd within j then ftalking through the deep 
 
 He fords the ocean, while the topmoft wave 
 
 Scarce reaches up his middle fide ,• we flood 
 
 Amaz'd be flire, a fiidden horror chill 
 
 Ran through each nerve, and thrill'd in ev'ry vein, 
 
 'Till ufing all the force of winds and oars 
 
 We fped away j he heard us in our courfe. 
 
 And with his out-llretch'd arms around him grop'd. 
 
 But finding nought within his reach, he rais'd 
 
 Such hideous fhouts that all the ocean fhook. 
 
 Ev'n Italy^ tho' many a league remote. 
 
 In diftant echo's anfwer'd ^ ^tna roar'd, 
 
 Through all its inmoil winding caverns roar'd. 
 
 Rous'd with the found, the mighty family 
 Of onc-ey'd brothers haflen to the fhore. 
 
 And
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 6i 
 
 And gather round the bellowing Polypheme^ 
 A dire aflembly : we with eager hafte 
 Work ev'ry one, and from afar behold 
 A hoft of giants covering all the {hore. 
 
 So (lands a foreft tall of mountain oaks 
 Advanced to mighty growth : the traveller 
 Hears from the humble valley where he rides 
 The hollow murmurs of the winds that blow 
 Amidft the boughs, and at the diftance fees 
 The fliady tops of trees unnumber'd rife, 
 A ftately prolpe^t, waving in the clouds. 
 
 
 THE
 
 THE 
 
 C J M T A I G N, 
 
 POEM, 
 
 To His GRACE the 
 
 Duke of MJR L BO ROUG H. 
 
 Rheni pacator et Iftri. 
 
 Omnis in hoc 'Dno variis dijcordia cejfjit 
 
 Ordinibus ; latatur Eques, plaudit que Senator^ 
 
 Votaque Tatricio certant 'P lebeia favori. Claud, de Laud. Stilic. 
 
 Ei[fe aliquam in terris gentetn qua fud impenfd^ fuo labore ac pcricuh 
 Bella gerat pro liber t ate aliorum. Nee hoc finitimis^ autpropinqua 
 vicinitatis homifiibus, aut terris coutinenti jun6iis prajtet. Maria 
 trajiciat : ne quod toto orbe terrarum injujium imperium Jit, et 
 ubique JHSy fasy lex^ potentijjlmajint. Liv. Hiil. lib. 33.
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 65 
 
 THE 
 
 C J M T A I G N, 
 
 POEM. 
 
 WHILE crouds of Princes your deferts proclaim, 
 Proud in their number to enroll your name j 
 While Emperors to you commit their caufe, 
 And ANNA 's praifes crown the vaft applaufe ; 
 Accept, great leader, what the Mufc recites. 
 That in ambitious verfe attempts your fights, 
 Fir'd and tranfported with a theme fo new. 
 Ten thoufand wonders op'ning to my view 
 Shine forth at once ^ fieges and ftorms appear. 
 And wars and conquefts fill th' important year. 
 Rivers of blood I fee, and hills of flain. 
 An Iliad rifing out of One campaign. 
 
 The haughty Gaul beheld, with tow'ring pride. 
 His ancient bounds enlarg'd on ev'ry fide. 
 
 Vol. I. K Pirem\
 
 66 V o-E M s on federal Occasions. 
 
 F'lrene's lofty barriers were {ubdued, 
 
 And ill the midft of his wide empire flood; 
 
 Aufonia?, ftates, the vi»5tor to reftrain, 
 
 Oppofcd their Alpes and Appemnes in vain, 
 
 Kor found themfclves, with ftrength of rocks immur'd, 
 
 Behind their everlafting hills fccur'd ,• 
 
 The rifing Danube its long race began, 
 
 And half its courfe through the new conquefts ran ; 
 
 Amaz'd and anxious for her Soveraign's fates, 
 
 Germama trembled through a hundred ftates ; 
 
 Great Leopold himfelf was fciz'd with fear ,• 
 
 He gaz'd around, but faw no fuccour near; 
 
 He gaz'd, and half abandon'd to deipair 
 
 His hopes on heav'n, and confidence in pray'r. 
 
 To Brka'm's Qiieen the Nations turn their eyes^, 
 On her rcfolves the wellern world relies. 
 Confiding ftill, amidft its dire alarms. 
 In ANNA'S councils, and in Churchill's arms. 
 Thrice happy Brkaw, from the kingdoms rent. 
 To fit the guardian of the continent ! 
 That fees her braveft fon advanc'd fo high. 
 And flourifiiing fo near her Prince's eye ; 
 Thy fav'rites grow not up by fortune's fj3ort. 
 Or from the crimes, or follies of a court ; 
 On the firm bafis of defert they rife. 
 From long-try'd faith, and friendfhip's holy tyes : 
 Their Soveraign's well-diftinguifh'd fmiles they fhare, 
 Her ornaments in peacC;, her flrength in war; 
 
 The
 
 Poems on fever al Occasions. 6^ 
 
 The nation thanks them with a pubUck voice, 
 
 By fhow'rs of bleflings heaven approves their choice ; 
 
 Envy it felf is dumb, in wonder loft, 
 
 And factions ftrive who fliall applaud 'em moft. 
 
 Soon as foft vernal breezes warm the sky, 
 Brttanma^s colours in the zephyrs fly j 
 Her Chief already has his march begun, 
 CrolTing the provinces himfelf had won, 
 'Till the Mofelkj appearing from afar, 
 Retards the progrefs of the moving war. 
 Delightftil ftream, had Nature bid her fall 
 In diftant climes, far from tiie perjur'd Gm^I ; 
 But now a purchafe to the fword flie lyes, 
 Her harvefts for uncertain owners rile, 
 Each vineyard doubtful of its mafter grows, 
 And to the victor's bowl each vintage flows. 
 The difcontented fliades of flaughtcr'd hofts. 
 That wander'd on her banks, her heroes ghofts 
 Hope'd, when they faw Bntanma's arms appear. 
 The vencreancc due to their jrreat deaths was near. 
 
 Our god-like leader, ere the ftream he paft. 
 The mighty fcheme of all his labours caft, 
 Forming the wond'rous year within his thought ,- 
 His bofom glow'd with battles yet unfoughr. 
 The long laborious march he firft furveys, 
 And joins the diftant Danube to the Maefe^ 
 Between whole floods fuch pathlefs forefts grow, 
 Such mountains rife, fo many rivers flow : 
 
 K 2 The
 
 68 V Q-E M s on federal Occasions- 
 
 The toil looks lovely in the heroe's eyes. 
 And danger fcrves but to enhance the prize. 
 
 Big with the fate of Europe^ he renews 
 His dreadful courfe, and the proud foe purlues : 
 Infedicd by the burning Scorpion's heat, 
 The fultry gales round his chaf 'd temples beat, 
 'Till on the borders of the Maine he finds 
 Defenfive fliadows, and refrefhinff winds. 
 Our Bntifjj youth, with in-born freedom boldy 
 Unnumber'd fcenes of lervitude behold. 
 Nations of flaves, with tyranny debas'd, 
 ( Their maker's image more than half defac'd) 
 Hourly inilruded, as they urge their toil. 
 To prize their Qiiecn, and love their native foik 
 
 Still to the rifing Sun they take their way 
 Through clouds of duft, and gain upon the day. 
 When now the Neckar on its friendly coaft 
 With cooling ftreams revives the fainting hoft. 
 That chearfully its labours paft forgets. 
 The midnight watches, and the noon-day heats. 
 
 O'er proftrate towns and palaces they pafs, 
 (Now cover'd o'er with weeds, and hid in grafs) 
 Breathing revenge , whilft anger and difdain 
 Fire ev'ry brcaft, and boil in ev'ry vein : 
 Here fhattcr'd walls, like broken rocks, from far 
 Rife up in hideous views, the guilt of war. 
 
 Whilft
 
 Poems on fevcral Occasions. 6c) 
 
 Whilft here the Vine o'er hills of ruinc dimbs, 
 Induftnous to conceal great BourborC'i, crimes. 
 
 At length the fame of England's, heroe drew 
 Eugemo to the glorious interview. 
 Great fouls by inftind to each other turn. 
 Demand alliance, and in friendfhip burn ; 
 A fuddcn friendfhip, while with ftretch'd-out rays 
 They meet each other, mingling blaze with blaze. 
 Polifh'd in courts, and harden'd in the field, 
 Renown'd for conqueft, and in council skill'd, 
 Their courage dwells not in a troubled flood 
 Of mounting fpirits, and fermenting blood j 
 Lodg'd in the foul, with virtue over-rul'd, 
 Inflam'd by reafon, and by reafon cool'd. 
 In hours of peace content to be unknown. 
 And only in the field of battel fhown : 
 To fouls like thefe, in mutual friendfhip join'd. 
 Heaven dares entruft the caufe of human-kind. 
 
 Brttanmds, graceful fbns appear in arms. 
 Her harras'd troops the heroe's prefcnce warms, 
 Whilft the high hills and rivers all around 
 With thund'ring peals of Br'tujh fhouts refound : 
 Doubling their fpeed they march with frefh delight. 
 Eager for glory, and require the fight. 
 So the ftanch Hound the trembling Deer purfues. 
 And fmells his footfleps in the tainted dews, 
 The tedious track unrav'ling by degrees : 
 But when the fcent comes warm in ev'ry breeze, 
 
 Fifd
 
 JO P o E M s 0/2 feveral Occasions. 
 
 Fir'd at the near approach, he {hoots away 
 On his full ftretch, and bears upon liis prey. 
 
 The march concludes, the various realms arc pad, 
 Th' immortal Schellenherg appears at laft : 
 Like hills th' afpiring ramparts rile on high. 
 Like vallics at their feet the trenches lye j 
 Batt'ries on batt'ries guard each fatal pafs, 
 Thrcat'ning deilrudionj rows of hollow brafs, 
 Tube behind tube, the dreadful entrance keep, 
 Whilfl: in their wombs ten thoufand thunders deep : 
 Great Churchill owns, charm'd with the glorious fight, 
 His march o'er-paid by fuch a promis'd fight. 
 
 The weflern Sun now fliot a feeble ray, 
 And faintly fcatter'd the remains of day, 
 Ev'ning approach'd ; but oh what hofts of foes 
 Were never to behold that ev'ninp- clofe! 
 Thick'ning their ranks, and wedg'd in firm array, 
 The clofe compadcd Britons win their way j 
 In vain the cannon their throng'd war deface'd 
 With trads of death, and laid the battel wafte,- 
 Still prcfling forward to the fight, they broke 
 Through flames of fulphur, and a night of fmoke, 
 'Till llaughter'd legions fill'd the trench below. 
 And bore their fierce avengers to the foe. 
 
 High on the works the mingling hofts engage ■ 
 The battel kindled into tenfold rage 
 
 With
 
 Poems on fever al Occasions. 71 
 
 With fhow'rs of bullets and with ftorms of fire 
 Burns in full fury ; heaps on heaps expire, 
 Nations with nations mix'd confus'diy die, 
 And loft in one promifcuous carnage lye. 
 
 How many gen'rous Britons meet their doom, 
 New to the field, and heroes in the bloom ! 
 Th' illuftrious youths, that left their native fbore 
 To march where Britons never march'd before, 
 (O fatal love of fame ! O glorious heat 
 Only deftrudive to the brave and great!) 
 After ftich toils o'ercome, fuch dangers paft, 
 Stretch'd on Bavarian ramparts breathe their laft. 
 But hold, my Mufe, may no complaints appear, 
 Nor blot the day with an ungrateful tear : 
 While M A R L B R 6 lives Britannia'^ ftars difpenfe 
 A friendly light, and fhinc in innocence. 
 Plunging thro' feas of blood his fiery fteed 
 Where-e'cr his friends retire, or foes lucceed ; 
 Thofe he fupports, thefe drives to fudden flight. 
 And turns the various fortune of the fight. 
 
 Forbear, great man, renown'd in arms, forbear 
 To brave the thickeft terrors of the war, 
 Nor hazard thus, confus'd in crouds of foes, 
 Britannia's fafety, and the world's repofe 5 
 Let nations anxious for thy life abate 
 This fcorn of danger, and contempt of fate : 
 Thou liveft not for thy felf j thy Qiieen demands 
 Conc^ueft and peace from thy victorious hands 5 
 
 Kingdoms
 
 72 V o B MS on feveral Occasions. 
 
 King^doms and empires in thy fortune join. 
 And Europe's deftiny depends on thine. 
 
 At length the long-difputed pafs they gain. 
 By crouded armies fortify'd in vain ; 
 The war breaks in, the fierce Bavarians yield. 
 And fee their camp with Brttijh legions fiU'd. 
 So Belgian mounds bear on their fhatter'd fides 
 The fea's whole weight encreas'd with fwelling tides j 
 But if the rufhing wave a paifage finds, 
 Enrage'd by wat'ry moons, and warring winds. 
 The trembhng Peafant fees his country round 
 Cover'd with tcmpefts, and in oceans drown'd. 
 
 The few fiirviving foes difperft in flight, 
 (Rcfufe of Iwords, and gleanings of a fight) 
 In ev'ry rufsling wind the victor hear. 
 And Marlbro's form in ev'ry fhadow fear, 
 'Till the dark cope of night with kind embrace 
 Befriends the rout, and covers their dijfgrace. 
 
 To Donawertj with unrefifled force. 
 The gay victorious army behds its courle. 
 The growth of meadaws, and the pride of fields, 
 Whatever fpoils Bavaria's fijmmer yields, 
 (The Danube's 2^YtCLt increafc) Britannia (hares. 
 The food of armies, and fiipport of wars : 
 With magazines'ef death, deftru<5tive balls, 
 Aad cannons doom'd to batter Landatis walls, 
 
 The
 
 Poems on fi^veral Occasions. 73 
 
 The vi(5tor finds each hidden cavern ftor'd. 
 And turns their fury on their guilty Lord. 
 
 Deluded Prince I how is thy greatnefs croft. 
 And all the gaudy dream of empire loft. 
 That proudly fet th^e on a fancy'd throne. 
 And made imaginary realms thy own ? 
 Thy troops, that now behind the Danube join. 
 Shall fhortly feek for ftielter from the Rhine ^ 
 Nor find it there : Surrounded with alarms. 
 Thou hope'ft th' afliftance of the Gallic arms ; 
 The Gallic arms in fafety fhall advance. 
 And croud thy ftandards with the power o£ France, 
 While to exalt thy doom, th'afpiring Gaul 
 Shares thy deftrudtion, and adorns thy fall. 
 
 Unbounded courage and compafifion join'd, 
 Temp'ring each other in the vigor's mind. 
 Alternately proclaim him good and great, 
 And make the Hero and the Man compleat. 
 Long did he ftrive th' obdurate foe to gain 
 By profFer'd grace, but long he ftrove in vain ; 
 'Till fir'd at length he thinks it vain to fpare 
 His rifing wrath, and gives a loofc to war. 
 In vengeance rous'd the foldier fills his hand 
 With f\\'ord and fire, and ravages the land, 
 A thoufand villages to allies turns, 
 In crackling flames a thoufand harvcfts bui*ns. 
 To the thick woods the woolly flocks retreat, 
 And mixt with bellowing herds confus'dly bleat; 
 
 Vol. L L Their
 
 74 T o B MS en feveral Occasions, 
 
 Their trembling lords the common (hade partake^/ 
 And cries of infants found in ev'ry brake : 
 The lift'ning foldier fixt in forrow ftands, 
 Loch to obey his leader's juft commands,- 
 The leader grieves, by gen'rous pity (way-'dv 
 To fee his juft commands fo well obey'd. 
 
 But now the trampet terrible from fat 
 In fhriller clangors animates the war, 
 Confed'rate drums in iuller confort beat, 
 And echoing hills the loud alarm repeat : 
 Gall/a's proud ftandards, to Bavaria's join'd. 
 Unfurl their gilded Lilies in the wind ^ 
 The daring Prince his blafted hopes renews. 
 And while the thick embattled hoft he views 
 Stretcht out in deep array, and dreadful length. 
 His heart dilates,, and glories in his ftrength. 
 
 The fatal day its mighty courfe began. 
 That the griev'd world had long defir'd in vain i 
 States that their new captivity bemoan'd. 
 Armies of martyrs that in exile groan'd. 
 Sighs from the depth of gloomy dungeons heard. 
 And prayers in bitterneis of foul prefer'd, 
 Europe's, loud cries, that Providence aflaii'd, 
 AnA ANNA'S ardent vows, at length prevail'dj 
 The day was come when Heaven defign'd to fhow 
 His care and conduit of the world below. 
 
 Behold in awful, march and dread array ' 
 
 Th^>^g-extended fcjuadrons fliape their way ! Death
 
 P o EMS on feveral Occasions. 75 
 
 Death, in approaching terrible, imparts 
 An anxious horrour to the braved hearts ; 
 Yet do their beating breafts demand the ftrife, 
 And third of glory quells the love of hfe. 
 No vulgar fears can Brittjh minds controul *. 
 Heat of revenge, and noble pride of foul 
 O'er-look the foe, advantag'd by his poft, 
 Leflen his numbers, and contra6t his hoft : 
 Tho' fens and floods polTeft the middle fpace. 
 That unprovok'd they would have fear'd to pafs i 
 Nor fens nor floods can ft:op Brttann'tcCs bands, 
 When her proud foe rang'd on their borders flands. 
 
 But O, my Mufe, what numbers wilt thou find 
 To fing the furious troops in battel join'd! 
 Methinks I hear the drum's tumultuous found 
 The vigor's fliouts and dying groans confound. 
 The dreadful burfl of cannon rend the skies. 
 And all the thunder of the battel rife. 
 'Twas then great Marlbro's mighty foul was prov'd. 
 That, in the fhock of charging hofls unmov'd, 
 Amidfl confufion, horror, and defpair, 
 Examin'd all the dreadful fcenes of war j 
 In peaceful thought the field of death iiirvey'd. 
 To fainting fquadrons fent the timely aid, 
 Infpir'd repuls'd battalions to engage. 
 And taught the doubtful battel where to rage. 
 So when an Angel by divine command 
 With rifing tempefls fhakes a guilty land, 
 
 L 2 Such
 
 76 Poems on feveral Occasions. 
 
 Such as of late o'er pale Britannia pad, 
 Calm and ferene he drives the furious blaft ; 
 And, pleas'd th' Almighty's orders to perform, 
 Rides in the whirl-wind, and direds the ftorm. 
 
 But fee the haughty houihold-troops advance ! 
 The dread of Europe^ and the pride of France. 
 The war's whole art each private foldier knows. 
 And with a Gen'ral's love of conqueft glows ,• 
 Proudly he marches on, and void of fear 
 Laughs at the fliaking of the Britiflo fpear: 
 Vain infolence! with native freedom brave 
 The meaneft Brhon fcorns the highefl Have ; 
 Contempt and fury fire their fouls by turns. 
 Each nation's glory in each.warriour burns, 
 Each fights, as in his arm th' important day 
 And all the fate of his great monarch lay : 
 A thoufand glorious adtions, that might claim 
 Triumphant laurels, and immortal fame, 
 Confus'd in crouds of. glorious adions lye, ^ 
 And troops of heroes undiftinguifh'd dye. 
 O Dormer^ how can I behold thy fate. 
 And not the wonders of thy youth relate ! . 
 How can I fee the gay, the brave, the. young. 
 Fall in the cloud of war, and lye unfiing ! 
 In joys of conqueft he refigns his breath,. 
 And, fiird with Engkmcts glory, fmiles in death. 
 
 The rout begins, the Gallic iquadrons run,. 
 Compelled in crouds to meet the fate they flmn ^ 
 
 Thoufan ds
 
 Poems on Jt'veral Occasions, yj 
 
 Thoufands of fiery ftceds with wounds transfix'd 
 
 Floating in gore, with their dead mafters mixt, 
 
 Midft heaps of fpears and ftandards driv'n around. 
 
 Lie in the Danube's hloody whirl-pools drown'd. 
 
 Troops of bold yonths, born on the diftant Soane, 
 
 Or founding borders of the rapid Rhone^ 
 
 Or where tlie Seme her llow'ry fields divides. 
 
 Or where th>e Loire through winding vineyards ghdes j 
 
 In heaps the rolling billows fweep away, 
 
 And into ScytUmn feas their bloated corps convey. 
 
 From Bkhihe'im's tow'rs the Gaul, with wild affright, 
 
 Beholds the various havbck of the fight ,• 
 
 His waving banners, that fo oft had flood 
 
 Planted in fields of death, and ftreams of blood. 
 
 So wont the guarded enemy to reach. 
 
 And rife triumphant in the fatal breach. 
 
 Or pierce the broken foe's remotefl lines. 
 
 The hardy veteran with tears refigns. 
 
 Unfortunate Tallard! Oh who can name 
 The pangs of rage, offorrow, andoffhame, . 
 
 That with mixt tumult in thy bofom fwcU'd! ,. 
 
 When firfl thou faw'fl thy bravefl troops repell'd. 
 Thine only fbn pierc'd with a deadly wound, 
 Choak'd in his blgod, and gafping on the ground. 
 Thy felf in bondage by the vi6tor kept! 
 The Chief, the Father, and the Captive wept. 
 An Eyiglifh Mufe is touch'd with gen'rous woe, ' 
 And in th' unhappy man forgets the foe. 
 
 Greatly
 
 yS P OEMS on feveral Occasions. 
 
 Greatly diflreftf thy loud complaints forbear. 
 Blame not the turns of fate, and chance of war ; 
 Give thy brave foes their due, nor blufh to owtt 
 The fatal field by fuch great leaders won. 
 The field whence fam'd Eugemo bore away 
 Only the fecond honours of the day. 
 
 With floods of gore that from the ranquiftit fell 
 The marfhes ftagnate, and the rivers fwell. 
 Mountains of flain lye heap'd upon the ground. 
 Or 'midfl: the roarings of the Danube drown'd j 
 Whole captive hofts the conqueror detains 
 In painfiil bondage, and inglorious chains j 
 Ev'n thofe who 'fcape the fetters and the fword. 
 Nor feek the fortunes of a happier lord. 
 Their raging King difhonours, to compleat 
 M A R L B R 6 's great work, and finifh the defeat. 
 
 Trom MemrHtngh'en's high domes, and Aushur^s walls. 
 The diftant battel drives th' infiilting Qauh, 
 Ftee'd by the terror of the vi<^or's name 
 The refcu'd dates his great prote6lion claim ,• 
 Whilfl XJlme th' approach of her deliverer waitSj 
 Andlongs to open her obfequious gates. 
 
 The "hero's bread ftill fwells with great dcfigns. 
 In ev'ry thought the tow'ring genius fhines : 
 If to the foe his dreadful comfe he bends, 
 O'er the wide continent his march extends ^ 
 
 If
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 79 
 
 IF fieges in his lab'ring thoughts are form'd. 
 Camps are afTauIted, and an army ftorm'd 5 , 
 If to the fight his adive foul is bent. 
 The fate oi Europe turns on its event. 
 What diftant land, what region can afford- 
 An adion worthy his vidorious fword : 
 Where will he next the flying Gaul defeat^, 
 To make the feries of his toils compleat ^ 
 
 Where the fwoln Rhine rufhing with all its force 
 Divides the hoflile nations in its courfe. 
 While each contracts its bounds, or wider grows, 
 Enlarg'd or ftraiten'd as the river flows. 
 On Gallia's fide a mighty bulwark ftands. 
 That all the wide extended plain commands ; 
 Twice, fince the war was kindled, has it try'd 
 The vidor's rage, and twice has chang'd its fide j . . 
 As oft whole armies, with the prize o'erjoy'd. 
 Have the long fummer on its walls employ'd. 
 Hither our mighty Chief his arms direds. 
 Hence future triumphs from the war expeds ; 
 And, tho' the dog-ftar had its courfe begun, 
 Carries his arms Hill nearer to the Sun : 
 
 Fixt on the glorious adion, he forgets i '\\ 
 
 The change of feafbns, and increafe of heats i 
 No toils are painRil that can danger fhow, . " 
 
 No climes unlovely, that contain a foe. 
 
 The roving Gaul^ to his own bounds reflrain'd. 
 Learns to encamp within his native land. 
 
 But
 
 8o P o E M s o;^ feveral Occasion Sc 
 
 But foon as the vidoiious hoft he fpies, 
 
 From hill to hill, from ftream to ftream he flies : 
 
 Such dire imprcffions in his heart remain 
 
 Of Marlbro's fword, and Hocftefs fatal plain : 
 
 In vain Britanma's mighty chief befets 
 
 Their fhady coverts, and obfcure retreats ; " 
 
 They fly the conqueror's approaching fame, 
 
 That bears the force of armies in his name. 
 
 Aujliia's young monarch, ^vhofe imperial fway 
 Sceptres and thrones are defl;in'd to obey, 
 Whofe boafted anceflrry fo high extends 
 That in the pagan gods his lineage ends. 
 Comes from a-far, in gratitude to own 
 The great iiipporter of his father's throne : 
 What tides of glory to his bofom ran, 
 Clafp'd in th' embraces of the god-like man ! 
 How were his eyes with pleafing wonder fixt 
 To fee fuch fire with fo much Iweetnels mixt, 
 Such eafie greatnefs, fucli a gracefo! port. 
 So turn'd and finifh'd for the camp or court! 
 
 Achilles thus was form'd with ev'ry grace. 
 And Nheus fl-ionc but in the fecond place; 
 Thus the great father of Almighty Rome 
 (Divinely flufht with an immortal bloom 
 That C<ytherea\ fragrant breath beflow'd) 
 In all the charms of his bri2:ht mother glow'd. 
 
 The royal youth by M a r l b r 6 's pi-efence charm'd. 
 Taught by his counfcls, by his adions warm'd, 
 
 On
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 8i 
 
 On Landau with redoubled ftiiy falls, 
 Difcharses all his thunder on its W'alls, 
 O'er mines and caves of death provokes the fight, 
 And learns to conquer in the Hero's fight. 
 
 The Br'itijh Chief, for mighty toils renciwn'd, 
 Increas'd in titles, and with conquefts crown'd, 
 To Belgian coafts his tedious march retiews. 
 And the long windings of the Rhine purfiies. 
 Clearing its borders from ufiirping foes. 
 And bleft by refcu'd nations as he goes. 
 Treves fears no more, free'd from its dire alarms j 
 And Traerhach feels the terror of his arms. 
 Seated on rocks her proud foundations (hake, 
 AVhile M A R L B R 6 prelTes to the bold attack. 
 Plants all his batt'ries, bids his cannon roar. 
 And {hows how Landau mi^ht have fall'n before. 
 Scar'd at his near approach, great Louts fears 
 Vengeance referv'd for his declining years. 
 Forgets his thirft of univerfal fway, 
 And fcarce can teach his fiibjedts to obey; 
 I lis arms he finds on vain attempts employ'd, 
 Th' ambitious projects for his race deftroy'd, ^ 
 
 The work of ages fiink in One campaign. 
 And lives of millions facrific'd in vain. 
 
 Such are th' effeds of ANNA 's royal cai'es : 
 By her, Br'itanma^ gr^^t in foreign wars, 
 Ranges through nations, wherefoe'cr disjoin'd, 
 Without the wonted aid of fea and wind, 
 
 Vol. I, M By
 
 82 Fo -EMS on feveral Occasions. 
 
 By her th' unfetter'd Ifter's ftates are free, 
 And tafte the fweets of EngUJh Hberty : 
 But who can tell the joys of thofe that lye 
 Beneath the conftant influence of her eye! 
 Whilft in diffufive fliow'rs her bounties fall 
 Like heaven's indulgence, and defcend on all, 
 Secure the happy, iiiccour the diftreft. 
 Make ev'ry fubjed glad, and a whole people bleftc 
 
 Thus wou'd I fain Brltami'ia's wars rehearfe. 
 In the fmooth records of a faithful vcrie ; 
 That, if fuch numbers can o'er time prevail. 
 May tell pofterity the wond'rous tale. 
 When a<5tions, unadorn'd, are flint and weak. 
 Cities and Countries muft be taught to fpeak ,• 
 Gods may defcend in factions from the skies. 
 And Rivers from their oozy beds arife ,• 
 Fidion may deck the truth with jfpurious raySj 
 And round the Hero caft a borrow'd blaze. 
 M A R L B R 6 's exploits appear divinely bright. 
 And proudly fliine in their own native lights 
 Rais'd of themfelves, their genuine charms they boaft, 
 And thofe who paint 'em trueft praifc 'em moft. 
 
 ROSA-
 
 K S A M I^f D. 
 
 A N 
 
 OPERA. 
 
 Infcribed to Her GRACE the 
 
 Dutchefs of MARLBOROUGH. 
 
 H)c quos durus Amor crudelt tabe peredit 
 
 Secreti celant Calksy et M'yrtea clrcum 
 
 S'yha tegit. Virg. i£n. 6, 
 
 M %
 
 Poems on fevcral Occasions. 85 
 
 A Copy of Verses in the Sixth MifcelJany, 
 
 TO THE 
 
 AUTHOR 
 
 O F 
 
 'R S A M N D. 
 
 Ne forte pudor't 
 
 Sit ttht Mufa Lyr^e filers^ et Cantor Apollo, 
 
 By Mr. T I C K E L L. 
 
 THE O^QT^firfi Italian majiers taught ^ 
 Enrich'd with fongs^ hut innocent of thoughts 
 Britannia'5- learned theatre difdatns 
 Melodious trifles J and enervate Jlra'ins j • 
 And bluPoes on her injured flage to fee 
 Nonfenfe well-tun' d^ and fweet fiupidity. 
 
 No
 
 86 Poems on federal Occasions. 
 
 No charms are wanting to ih'y artful fong^ 
 Soft as Corelli, but as Virgil firong. 
 From words fo fweet new grace the notes receive-^ 
 And Mufick borrows helps ^ Jhe us'd to give. 
 Thy fide hath matched what ancient Romans knew. 
 Thy flowing numbers far excell the new ; 
 Their cadence in fuch eafie found convey' d. 
 That height of thought may feem fuptrflmus a'ld^ 
 Yet m fuch char^ns the noble thoughts abound. 
 That ne e die fs feem the fweets of eafte found. 
 
 Landfchapes how gay the bow'ry grotto yields. 
 Which thought creates, and lav'iflo fancy builds ! 
 What art can trace the vifionary fcenes. 
 The flowery groves, and everlafl'ing greens. 
 The babling founds that mimic k Echo plays. 
 The fairy fhade, and its eternal maze. 
 Nature and art m all their charms combined. 
 And all Elyfium to one view confined/ 
 No further could imagination roam, 
 ^Till Vanbrook fram'd, and Marlbro' raised the Dome. 
 
 Ten th ou fan d pangs my anxious bofom tear. 
 When drowned m tears 1 fee th' imploring fair : 
 When bards lefsfoft the moving words fupphy, 
 A feeming jufitce dooms the Nymph to die ; 
 But here Jhe begs, nor can Jhe beg in vain, 
 {In dirges thus expiring Swans complain) 
 
 lEach
 
 Poems on fevcral Occasions. 87 
 
 Each verfe fo Jwellsj exprejjlve of her woesy 
 And ev'r'y tear m lines fo raournftd flows -^ 
 We^ fptte of fame J her fate reversed believe y 
 Overlook her crimes j and th'mk jhe ought to live. 
 
 Let joy tranfport fair Ko^^mondi^LS Jloade, 
 And wreaths of myrtle crown the lovely Maid. 
 While now perhaps with D'\<lo's ghofi fhe roves, 
 And hears and tells the flory of thetr loves. 
 Alike they mourn, alike they hlefs their fate. 
 Since love, which made "em wretched, makes "em great ^ 
 Nor longer that relentlefs doom bemoan. 
 Which gain'd a Virgil, and an Addifon. 
 
 Accept, great monarch of the Britifh lays. 
 The tribute fong an humble fubjeB pays. 
 So tries the artlefs Lark her early fltght,. 
 And foars, to hail the God of verfe, and light, 
 Unrival'd as thy merit be thy fame, 
 
 And thy own laurels fhade thy envy'd name : " 
 
 Thy name, the boaft of all the tuneful choir. 
 Shall tremble on the firings of ev'ry Lyre ; 
 While the charmed reader with thy thought complies. 
 Feels correfponding joys or forrows rife. 
 And views thy Rofamond with HenryV eyes. 
 
 Dramatis
 
 Dramatis Perfon^. 
 
 ME N. 
 
 King Henry. 
 
 Sir Trujiyi Keeper of the Bower. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Meflenger. 
 
 WOMEN. 
 
 Queen Elinor, 
 
 Rofamond. 
 
 Grideline, Wife to Sir Trufly, 
 
 Guardian Angels^ &c. 
 
 SCENE Woodpck Tark.
 
 J^at.'c^;-„A,// /■^..r,. 
 
 ■rJu^ Jai^. 
 
 ACT I. SCENE I. 
 
 A Profp^B of Woodftock-Park, terminating ift the Bo'juer, 
 
 Enter Q U E E N tf»^ P A G E. 
 
 ^U E E N, 
 
 HAT place is here ! 
 What fcenes appear \ 
 
 Where-e'er I turn my eyes, 
 All around 
 Enchanted ground 
 
 And foft Elyfmms rile : 
 Flow'ry mountains, 
 Moffie fountains, 
 
 N Shady 
 
 Vol. I.
 
 90 ROSAMOND. 
 
 Shady woods, 
 Chryftal floods, 
 
 With wild variety fiirprife. 
 * As o'er the hollow vaults we walky 
 A hundred echoes round us talk : 
 
 From hill to hill the voice is tofi,. 
 Rocks rehoundingy 
 Caves refounding. 
 Not a fmgle word is lofi» 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 There gentle Rofamond immured 
 Lives from the world and you fecured. 
 
 ^U E E N. 
 
 Curfe on the name! I faint, I die. 
 
 With fecret pangs of jealoufie. [ Afide, 
 
 PAGE, 
 
 There does the penfive beauty mourn. 
 And languiih for her Lord's return. 
 
 ^ U E E N. 
 
 Death and confufion! I'm too flow \Afide, 
 
 Show me the happy manfion, fliow 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Great Henr'y there 
 
 * Alluding to the famous Echo /« Woodftock-Park, 
 
 ^XJ E^-K
 
 ROSAMOND. 91 
 
 ^ U E E N, 
 Trifler, no more ! — — 
 
 PAG £. 
 
 Great Henry there 
 
 Will foon forget the toils of war. 
 
 ^ U E E N. 
 
 No more ! the happy manfion fliow 
 That holds this lovely guilty foe. 
 My wrath, like that of heav'n, fhall rife. 
 And blaft her in her Paradiie. 
 
 PA G E. 
 
 Behold on yonder r'lftng ground 
 
 The bower y that wanders 
 
 In meanders. 
 
 Ever hendmgy 
 
 Never end'mgy 
 
 Glades on glades. 
 
 Shades infhades. 
 Running an eternal round. 
 
 ^ U E E N. 
 
 In {iich an endleis maze I rove. 
 Loft in labyrinths of love. 
 
 My breaft with hoarded vengeance burns. 
 
 While fear and rage 
 
 N 2 With
 
 92 ROSAMOND, 
 
 With hope engage, 
 
 And rule my wav'ring foul by turns. 
 
 PA G K 
 
 The path yon verdant field divides. 
 Which to the foft confinement guides. 
 
 ^ U E E N. 
 
 Eleonoraj think betimes. 
 What are thy bated rival's crimes T 
 Whither, ah whither dofl: thou go! 
 What has fhe done to move thee fo ! 
 — Does (lie not warm with guilty fires 
 The faithlefs Lord of my defires I 
 Have not her fatal arts remov'd 
 My Henry from my arms ? 
 'Tis her crime to be lov'd, 
 Tis her crime to have charms. 
 Let us fly, let us fly, 
 She {hall die, {he {hall die. 
 I feel J I feel my heart relent. 
 How could the Fair he innocent / 
 To a monarch Me mmCy 
 Who would not reftgn / 
 One fo great and fo brave 
 All hearts mufl en/lave. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Hark, hark ! what found invades my ear ? 
 The conqueror's approach I hear. 
 
 He
 
 ROSAMOND. 93 
 
 He comeSf vtBorious Henry comes / 
 Hautboys, Trumpets, Fifes and Drums, 
 In dreadful concert join' d. 
 Send from afar 
 A found of war, 
 And fill with horror ev'ry wind. 
 
 ^ U E E N. 
 
 Henry returns, from danger free? 
 
 Henry returns ! — — but not to me. 
 
 He comes his Rofamond to greet. 
 
 And lay his laurels at her feet. 
 
 His vows impatient to renew j 
 
 His vows to Eleomra due. 
 
 Here fhall the happy Nymph detain, 
 
 (While of his abfence I complain) 
 
 Hid in her mazy, wanton bower. 
 
 My lord, my life, my conqueror. 
 No, no, 'its decreed 
 The Traitrefs fijall bleed j 
 No fear /hall alarm. 
 No pity difarm; 
 In my rage Jhall be feen 
 The revenge of a ^een. 
 
 S GENE
 
 94 ROSAMOND. 
 
 SCENE II. 
 
 7he Entry of the Bo'wer, 
 
 Sir TRUS'TTy Knight of the Bower, fok^ 
 
 How tmhapp'^ h he. 
 
 That h t'fd to a floe, ' 
 
 And fam^d for his wit and hh heaut<^ f 
 For of us pretty fellows 
 Our wives are fo jealous, 
 
 They ne'er have enou^ ofmr duty. 
 But hah .' my limbs begin to quiver, 
 I glow, I burn, I freeze, I fliiver ; 
 
 Whence rifes this convulfive ftrifbr 
 I fmell a fhrew? 
 My fears are true, 
 I fee my wife. 
 
 SCENE III. 
 
 G R I D E L I N E and Sir TRUSTY. 
 G R I D E L I N E, 
 
 Faithlefs varlet, art thou there ? 
 
 Sir T R u s rr. 
 
 My lovej my dove, my charming fair ? i^ R I-
 
 ROSAMOND. 95 
 
 G R 1 D E L I N E, 
 
 Monfter, thy wheedling tricks I know. 
 
 Sir TRUSTY. 
 Why wilt thou call thy turtle fb ? 
 
 G R I D E L I N E, 
 
 Cheat not me with falfe carelTes. 
 
 Sir T RU S TT. 
 
 Let me flop thy mouth with kiffes. 
 
 GRIDELINE. 
 
 Thole to fair Rofamond are due. 
 
 Sir T RU STT, 
 
 She is not half (o fair as you. 
 
 GRIDELINE, 
 
 She views thee with, a lover's eye. 
 
 Sir T RU S TT, 
 
 ril flill be thine, and let her die. 
 
 GRIDELINE. 
 
 No, no, 'tis plain. Thy frauds I fee. 
 Traitor to thy King and me? 
 
 Sir T RU S TT, 
 
 Gridelinc ! confuh th-^) ^jfifiy 
 
 Behold that fweet bewitching facCy Thofe
 
 96 ROSAMOND.' 
 
 Thofe hloom'tng cheeb, that lovely hue / 
 Ev'ry feature 
 (Charming creature) 
 Will convmce you I am true, 
 
 GRIDELINE. 
 
 how blefi were Grideline, 
 Could I call Sir Trufty mine / 
 Did he not cover amorous wiles 
 With foft, but ah / deceiving fmiles : 
 How floould I revel in delight. 
 
 The fp034fe of fuch a peerlefs Knight/ 
 
 Sir TRUsrr 
 
 At length the ftorm begins to ceafe, 
 
 I've footh'd and flatter'd her to peace. 
 
 'Tis now my turn to tyrannizes [j4/ide* 
 
 1 feel, I feel my fury rile! 
 Tigrefs, be gone. 
 
 GRIDELINE. 
 
 ^1 love thee lb 
 
 I cannot go. 
 
 Sir TRUSTT. 
 
 Fly from my palTion, Beldame, fly! 
 
 GRIDELINE. 
 Why fo unkind, SixTruJly, "why? 
 
 Sir TRUsrr.
 
 ROSAMOND. 97 
 
 Sir TRUST T. 
 
 Thou*rt the plague of my life. 
 
 GRIDELINE. 
 
 Tm a foolifli, fond wife. 
 
 Sir T RU S TV, 
 
 • 
 
 Let us part. 
 Let us part. 
 
 GRIDELINE, 
 
 Will you break my poor heart ? 
 Will you break my poor heart ? 
 
 Sit T RU S TV, 
 
 I will if I can, 
 
 GRIDELINE. 
 
 O barbarous man! 
 
 From whence doth all this paflion flow ? 
 
 Sir TRUSTY. 
 
 Thou art ugly and old. 
 And a v'tUamous fcold. 
 
 GRIDELINE 
 
 TToou art a rufltck to call mefo. 
 fm not ugly nor old. 
 Nor a villainous fcold. 
 
 Vol. I. O But
 
 98 ROSAMOND. 
 
 But thou art a rufi'tck Iq. call t^e fo. 
 ThoUy Traitor, adieu T 
 
 Sir TRUSTY. 
 
 Farewel, thou Shrew / 
 
 G R I D E L I N E 
 
 Thou Traitor J 
 
 Thou Shrew y 
 
 Sir TRUSTY. 
 
 B O T R 
 
 Adieu/ adieu/ fBdt GrMl 
 
 Sir TRUSTT, fotm, 
 
 How hard is our fate. 
 
 Who ferve in the ftate. 
 
 And fliould lay out our cares 
 
 On pubUck affliirs j 
 
 When conjugal toils. 
 
 And family-broils 
 [Make all our great labours mifcarry I 
 
 Yet this is the lot 
 
 Of him that has got 
 
 Fair Rofamond'^ bower. 
 
 With the clew in his power. 
 
 And is courted by all, 
 
 Both the great and the finall, 
 As principal pimp to the mighty King //^/ry. 
 
 Bht
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 But fee, the penfive fair draws near : 
 I'll at a diftance Hand and hear. 
 
 99 
 
 SCENE IV. 
 
 ROSAMOND and Sir TRUSTY. 
 ROSAMOND, 
 
 From walk to walk, from fliade to fliade. 
 From ftream to purling ftream convey'd. 
 Through all the mazes of the grove, 
 
 O CD ' 
 
 Through all the mingling tradis I rove. 
 Turning, 
 Burning, 
 Changing, 
 Ranging, 
 Full of grief and full of loVe. 
 Impatient for my Lord's return 
 I figh, I pine, I rave, I mourn. 
 Was ever pajfion crofs'd like mine 7 
 To rend my breajlj 
 And break my refi^ 
 A thoufand thoufand Ills combme. 
 Abfence wounds me^ 
 Fear furrounds me., 
 Gmlt confounds me, 
 fVas ever pajfion crofs'd like mine 7 
 
 O z Sir
 
 loo ROSAMOND. 
 
 Sir TRUsrr. 
 
 what heart of ftonc 
 Can hear her moan, 
 And not in dumps fo doleful join! [Apart, 
 
 ROSAMOND, 
 
 How does my conftant grief deface 
 The pleafiires of this happy place ? 
 In vain the fpring my fenfes greets 
 In all her colours, all her fw^ets j 
 
 To me the Rofe 
 
 No longer glows. 
 
 Every plant 
 
 Has loft its fccnt : 
 The vernal blooms of various hue. 
 The blolToms frefh with morning dew. 
 The breeze, that (weeps thefe fragrant bowers, 
 Fill'd with the breath of op'ning flow'rs. 
 
 Purple fcenes. 
 
 Winding greens. 
 
 Glooms inviting. 
 
 Birds delighting, 
 (Nature's fofteft, Iweeteil: ftore) 
 Charm my tortur'd foul no more. 
 Te powers J I rave^ I fa'mt, I die ; 
 Whj fo flow f ^eatWtxyx^^ wby\ 
 From death and alarms 
 Fljy fly to my arms. 
 Fly to my arms, my Moftarcb, fly / 
 
 Sir
 
 ROSAMOND. lor 
 
 Sir T R U S TT. 
 
 How much more blefs'd would lovers be, 
 
 Did all the whining fools agree 
 
 To live like Gr'tdelme and me.' S^Apart^ 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 O Rofamond, behold too late. 
 And tremble at thy future fate f 
 Curie this unhappy, guilty face. 
 Every charm, and every grace. 
 That to thy ruin made their way, 
 And led thine innocence aftray: 
 At home thou feed thy Queen enraged. 
 Abroad thy abient Lord engaged 
 In wars, that may our loves disjoin. 
 And end at once his life and mine. 
 
 ^ir T R U S T r. 
 
 Such cold complaints be'fit a Nun : 
 
 If fhe turns honeft, I'm undone! [Apart, 
 
 R S A M N D. 
 
 Beneath fome hoary mountain 
 
 til lay me down and weep. 
 Or near fome warbling fountain 
 
 Bewail m.y felf afleep ,• 
 Where feathered choirs combining 
 
 fVith gentle murrn'ringftreams^ 
 
 And
 
 I02 ROSAMOND. 
 
 -■■■i 
 
 Ayid winds tn confort jo'imng, 
 
 Ralfe fadly-pleafmg dreams. [Ex. Rof. 
 
 Sir TRUSTT, folib; 
 
 What favage tiger would not pity 
 A damfel ^o diftrefs'd and pretty I 
 But hah! a found my bower invades^ 
 
 ! 'Ti -Hni^ptn f}'mnjh. 
 And echo's through the winding {liadt's , 
 'Tis Henry's march ! the tune I know : 
 A MeiTengcr! It mufl be To. 
 
 S G E N E V. 
 
 J MESSENGER and^ Str TRUSTY. 
 
 MESSENGER. 
 
 Great Henry comes ! with love oppreft j 
 Prepare to lodge the royal gueft. 
 From purple fields with ilaughtcr fpread, 
 From rivers choak'd with heaps of dead, 
 From glorious and immortal toils, 
 Loaden with honour, rich with fpoils. 
 Great Henry comes! Prepare thy bower 
 To lodge the mighty conqueroiu'. 
 
 Sir trusty: 
 
 The bower and Lady both are dreilj 
 
 And ready to receive their gucft. M E S-
 
 ROSAMOND, 10:5 
 
 MESSENGER, 
 
 Hither the vidor flies, (his Qiieeii 
 And royal progeny unfeen ,•) 
 Soon as the Br'it'ijh Ihores he reached. 
 Hither his foaming courfer ftretched : 
 And ieef liis eager fteps prevent 
 The meffage that himlelf hath fent ! 
 
 Sir TRUST T. 
 
 Here will I ftand 
 With hat in hand, 
 
 Obiequioufly to meet him. 
 And muft endeavour 
 At behaviour. 
 
 That's fuitable to greet him. 
 
 SCENE VI. 
 
 Enter King Henry after ajiourip cf Trumpets. 
 
 KING. 
 Where is my love / my Rofamond! 
 
 Sir T R U S TV, 
 
 Firft, as in ilridcll duty bound, 
 I kifs your royal ham-l^ 
 
 K r N C.
 
 104 ROSAMOND. 
 
 KING, 
 
 Where is my life! my Rofamond! 
 
 Sir TRUSTT, 
 
 Next with fubmiflion moft profound, 
 I welcome you to land. 
 
 KING. 
 
 Where is the tender, charming fair ! 
 
 Sir T R U S TT. 
 
 Let me appear, great Sir, I pray, 
 Methodical in what I fay, 
 
 ^K I N G. 
 
 Where is my love, Q tell me where! 
 
 Sir r RU S TT. 
 
 For when we have a Prince's ear, 
 
 >We fhould have wit, i 
 
 ;To know what's fit ; 
 
 For us to fpeak, and him to hear. 
 
 KING. 
 
 Thefe dull delays I cannot bear. 
 Where is my love, O tell me where ! 
 
 Sir TRUST T. 
 
 I Ipeak, great Sir, with weeping eyes. 
 
 She raves, alas ! flie faints, flie dies. KING,
 
 ROSAMOND. 105 
 
 KING, 
 
 What doft thou (ay ? I (hake with fear. 
 
 Sir TR u s rr. 
 
 Nay, good my Liege, with patience hear. 
 She raves, and faints, and dies, 'tis true j 
 But raves, and faints, and dies for you. 
 
 KING. 
 
 JVas ever Nymph like Rofamond, 
 So fair, fo faithful, and fo fond, 
 Adorr^d with eifry charm and grace/ 
 
 Pm all defire / 
 
 My hearfs on fire. 
 And leaps andfprings to her embrace. 
 
 Sir r Ru s rr. 
 
 At the fight of her lover 
 She'll quickly recover. 
 
 What place will you chufe 
 
 For firft interviews ? 
 
 KING, 
 
 Full in the center of the grove, 
 
 In yon pavilion made for love, 
 
 Where Woodbines, Rofes, Jeffamines, 
 
 Amaranths, and Eglantines, 
 
 With intermingling fweets have wove 
 
 The particolour'd gay Alcove. 
 
 Vol. I. P Sir
 
 io6 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 Sir T RU STT. 
 
 Your Highnefs, Sir, as I prefume. 
 Has chofe the moft convenient gloom j 
 There's not a Ipot in all the park 
 Has trees fo thick, and fhad.es fo dark. 
 
 RING. 
 
 Mean while with due attention wait 
 
 To guard the bower, and watch the gate j 
 
 Let neither envy, grief, nor fear. 
 
 Nor love-fick jealoufie appear j 
 
 Nor fenfelels pomp, nor noife intrude 
 
 On this delicious folitude j 
 
 But plealure reign through all the grove. 
 
 And all be peace, and all be love. 
 
 the pkafing pleafmg angmjh^ 
 
 When we love^ and zvhen we langmjh / 
 
 Wijhes rtfing! 
 
 'Thought furprizmg f 
 
 Pleafme courting/ 
 
 Charms tranfportmg/ 
 
 Fancy viewing 
 
 Jcys enfuing ! 
 the p/eajingj pleafing anguijh / 
 
 [Exeunt. 
 
 ACT
 
 ROSAMOND. 107 
 
 
 ACT 11. SCENE I. 
 
 A Pavilion in the middle of the Bower. 
 
 KING ««^ ROSAMOND. 
 
 KING. 
 
 THUS let my weary foul forget 
 Reftlefs glory, martial ftrife. 
 Anxious pleafures of the great. 
 And gilded cares of life. 
 
 ROSAMOND, 
 
 Thus let me lofe, in rifing joys. 
 Fierce impatience, fond defires, 
 Abfence that flatt'ring hope deftroys. 
 And life-confuming fires. 
 
 K I N a 
 
 Not the loud Brit'ijh fliout that warms 
 The warrior's heart, nor clafliing arms, 
 Nor fields with hoftile banners ftrow'xi. 
 Nor life on proftrate Gauls beftow'd. 
 Give half the joys that fill my breaft, . 
 While with my Rofamond I'm bleft. 
 
 P z ROSA-
 
 ic8 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 ROSAMOND, 
 
 My Henyy is my foul's delight, 
 My wifh by day, my dream by night. 
 'Tis not in language to impart 
 The fecret meltings of my heart. 
 While I my conqueror furvey. 
 And look my very foul away. 
 
 KING. 
 
 O may the preient blifs endure. 
 
 From fortune, time, and death fecuref 
 
 BOTH. 
 
 may the prefent hl'tfs endure f 
 
 KING. 
 
 My eye cou'd ever gaze, my ear 
 Thofe gentle founds cou'd ever hear: 
 But oh ! with noon-day heats oppreft^ 
 My aking temples call for reft ! 
 In yon cool grotto's artful night 
 Refrefhing {lumbers I'll invite. 
 Then feek again my abfent fair. 
 With all the love a heart can bear. 
 
 ROSAMOND foh.. 
 
 From whence this fad prefaging fear,, 
 This fudden ligh, this falling tear,^ 
 
 \Extt King. 
 
 Oft
 
 ROSAMOND. 109 
 
 Oft in my filent dreams by night 
 
 With fuch a look I've feen him fly. 
 Wafted by angels to the sky, 
 And loft; in endlefs tracks of Hghtj 
 While I, abandon'd and forlorn,, 
 To dark and difmal defarts born, 
 Through lonely wilds have feem'd to ftray, 
 A long, uncomfortable way. 
 
 They're fantoms all; I'll think no more i 
 My life has endlefs joys in jlore. 
 Farewel forroWy farewel fear^ 
 They're fantoms all! m^, HenryV herr. 
 
 SCENE II. 
 
 A Pojiern Gate of the Boiler. 
 
 G R I D E L I N E and PAGE. 
 
 G R I D E L I N E, 
 
 My ftomach fwells with fecret fpight. 
 To fee my fickle, faitlilefs Knight, 
 With upright gefture, goodly mien,. 
 Face of olive, coat of green. 
 That charm'd the Ladies long ago^. 
 So little his own worth to knoW;, 
 
 Ot\ 

 
 no ROSAMOND. 
 
 On a mcer girl his thoughts to place. 
 With dimpled cheeks, and baby face; 
 A child ! a chit ! that was not born. 
 When I did town and court adorn. 
 
 PA G E. 
 
 Can any man prefer fifteen 
 To venerable Gridelme? 
 
 G R I D E L I N E, 
 
 He docs, my child ,• or tell me why 
 
 With weeping eyes fo oft I fpy 
 
 His whiskers curl'd, and fhoe-ftrings ty'd, 
 
 A new Toledo by his fide. 
 
 In flioulder-belt fo trimly plac'd, 
 
 With band fo nicely fmooth'd and lac'd. 
 
 PACE. 
 
 If Rofamond his garb has view'd. 
 
 The Knight is falfc, the Nymph fubdu'd. 
 
 G R I D E L I N E. 
 
 My anxious boding heart divines 
 His falfhood by a thoufand figns : ' 
 Oft o'er the lonely rocks he tralks, 
 And to the fooHfh Echo talks ,• 
 Oft in the glafs he rolls his eye. 
 But turns and frowns if I am by ; 
 Then my fond eafie heart beguites. 
 And thinks o£ Rofamofid, and fmiles. 
 
 PAGE.
 
 ROSAMOND, III 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Well may you feel thefe fbft alarms. 
 She has a heart— 
 
 GRIDELINE 
 
 ——-And he has charms. 
 
 PA G E. 
 Your fears are too juft 
 
 GRIDELINE. 
 
 — —Too plainly I've prov'd 
 
 BOTH. 
 
 He loves and is lov'd. 
 
 GUIDELINE. 
 
 mercilefs fate / 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Deplorable ftate f 
 
 GRIDELINE. 
 
 To die 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 "^-^To he /lam 
 
 GRIDELINE. 
 
 By a barbarous /warn, 
 
 B O T H, 
 
 "That laughs at your pain, G R I-
 
 112 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 G R I D E L I N E. 
 
 How ftioif d 1 ad ? canft thou advife ? 
 
 P ^ G Ea 
 
 Open the gate, if you are wife ,♦ 
 I, in an unfufpcded hour. 
 May catch 'em dallying in the bower, 
 Perhaps their loofc amours prevent. 
 And keep Sir Trufly innocent. 
 
 G R I D E L I N E. 
 
 Thou art in truth 
 
 A forward youth. 
 Of wit and parts above thy age ; 
 Thou know'ft our fex. Thou art a Page. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 I'll do what I can 
 
 To furprize the falfe man. 
 
 G R I D E L 1 N E. 
 
 Of fuch a faithful fpy I've need : * 
 Go in, and if thy plot fuccecd. 
 Fair youth, thou may'ft depend on this, 
 ril pay thy fervice with a kifs. 
 
 G R I D E L I N E fola. 
 
 Prithee Cupid no more 
 Hurl thy darts at three/core^ 
 
 * An spenlng Scene dif covers another vieia of the Bower c 
 
 [Exit Page. 
 
 n
 
 ROSAMOND. 113 
 
 To thy girles and thy hoys 
 
 Give thy pains and thy joys. 
 
 Let Sir Trufty and me 
 
 From thy frolicks be free. [Ex. Grid. 
 
 SCENE III. 
 
 PAGE fohs. 
 
 O the foft delicious view, 
 Ever charming, ever new! 
 Greens of various fhades arife, 
 Deck'd with flow'rs of various dies : 
 Paths by meeting paths are croft. 
 Alleys in winding alleys loft ,• 
 Fountains playing through the trees, 
 Give coolnefs to the pafTmg breeze. 
 
 ^ thoufand fairy fcenes appear , 
 Here a grove , a grotto here, 
 Here a rock, and here a fir earn y 
 
 Sweet delujion. 
 
 Gay confufion, 
 All a vifion, all a dream / 
 
 Vol. I. Q SCENE
 
 1 14 ROSAMOND, 
 
 SCENE IV. 
 
 QJJ E E N and V AG E. 
 
 ^ U E E N, 
 
 At length the bow'ry vaults appear I 
 My bofom heaves, and pants with fear : 
 A thoufand checks my heart controul, 
 A thoufand terrours fhake my foul. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Behold the brazen gate unbarr'd! 
 
 She's fixt in thought, I am not heard— — \ Apart, 
 
 ^ U E E K 
 
 I fee, I fee my hands embru'd 
 In purple dreams of reeking blood: 
 I fee the vidim gafp for breath. 
 And flart in agonies of death : 
 I fee my raging dying Lord, 
 And O, I fee my felf abhorr'd f 
 
 PAGE, 
 
 My eyes o'erflow, my heart is rent 
 
 To hear Brttanma's Queen lamento [Afide. 
 
 ^UEEN.
 
 ROSAMOND. ny 
 
 §^ U E E N, 
 What fliall my trembling foul purfue ? 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Behold, great Queen, the place in view! 
 
 ^.U E E N. 
 Ye pow'rs inftrud me what to do ! 
 
 P J G E. 
 
 That Bow'r will (how 
 The guilty foe. 
 
 ^ U E E N. 
 
 It is decreed it fliall be fo ; i^fta- n faufe. 
 
 I cannot fee my Lord rep'me 
 (0 that I cou^d call him mine f) 
 IVhy have not they moji charms to move, 
 Whofe bofoms burn with pure jl love\ 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Her heart with rage and fondncfs glows. 
 
 Ojealoufie! thou hell of woes! \Afide. 
 
 That confcious fcene of love contains 
 
 The fatal caufe of all your pains : 
 
 In yonder flow'ry vale flie lies, 
 
 Where thofe faii-blolTom'd arbours rife. 
 
 a^ ^UEEN.
 
 ii6 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 ^ U E 
 
 Let us hafte to deftroy 
 Her guilt and her joy. 
 
 fFilJ and frantic k h my grteff 
 Fury dr'w'mg, 
 Mercy firivrng. 
 
 Heaven in pity fend relief I 
 The pangs of love 
 Te povfrs remove^ 
 
 Or dart your thunder at my head: 
 hove and defpair 
 What heart can bear? 
 
 Eafe my foul J or Jlrike me dead! 
 
 E N, 
 
 [Exeunt. 
 
 SCENE V. 
 
 The Scene changes to the Pavilion as before, 
 
 ROSAMOND fola. 
 
 Ttanfport'ing pleafure / who can tell it ! 
 
 When our hngmg eyes difcover 
 
 The kmdj the dear, approaching lover. 
 Who can utter, or conceal it / 
 
 A (udden motion (hakes the grove : 
 I hear the fteps of him I love ; 
 
 Prepare,
 
 ROSAMOND. 117 
 
 Prepare, my foul, to meet thy blifs! 
 
 Death to my eyesj what fight is this! 
 
 The Queen, th' oflFended Queen I fee ? 
 Open, O earth! and fwallow nae! 
 
 S C E N E VI. 
 
 Enter to her the QJJ E E N ivith a Bowl in 
 one hand-i and a Dagger in the other. 
 
 ^ U E E N. 
 
 Thus arm'd with double death I come : 
 Behold, vain wretch, behold thy doom! 
 Thy crimes to their fall period tend, 
 And foon by This, or This, fliali end. 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 What {liall I fay, or how reply 
 To threats of injur'd Majefty? 
 
 ^ U E E K 
 
 'Tis guilt that docs thy tongue controul. 
 Or quickly drain the fatal Bowl, 
 Or this right hand performs its part. 
 And plants a Dagger in thy heart, 
 
 ROSAMOND, 
 
 Can Britain'?, Queen give (lich commands, 
 
 Or dip in blood thofe facred hands ? In
 
 ii8 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 In her fhall liich revenge be ^en ? 
 Far be that from Brita'm''^, Queen ! 
 
 ^ U E E 
 
 N. 
 
 How black docs my defign appear ? 
 Was ever mercy fo fevere! 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 When tides of youthful blood run high. 
 And fcenes of promised joys are mgh. 
 
 Health prefummgy 
 
 Beauty bloomings 
 Oh hoiu dreadful 'tis to die f 
 
 ^ U E E N. 
 
 To thofe whom foul difhonours (lain, 
 Life it felf fhould be a pain. 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 Who could refift great Henry's charms. 
 And drive the hero from her arras ? 
 
 Think on the foft^ the tender fires. 
 Melting thoughts, and gay defires, 
 That m your own warm bofom rife. 
 When langmjhing with Love-fick eyes 
 That great, that charming man you fee : 
 Think on your felf, and pity me ! 
 
 [Jfide 
 
 ^UE E K
 
 ROSAMOND, 119 
 
 ^U E E N. 
 
 And doft thou thus thy guilt deplore! 
 
 \Offermg the dagger to thy hreafl, 
 Prciumptuous woman! plead no more! 
 
 ROSAMOND, 
 
 O Queen, your lifted arm reftrain ! 
 Behold thefe tears ! 
 
 ^U E E N. 
 They flow in vain. 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 Look with compaffion on my fate! 
 O hear my fighs ! 
 
 ^U E E N 
 
 They rife too late. 
 
 Hope not a day's_, an hour's reprieve. 
 
 ROSAMOND, 
 
 Tho' I live Wretched, let me Live. 
 In fome deep dungeon let me lye, 
 Cover'd from ev'ry human eye, 
 Banifh'd the day, debarr'd the light j 
 Where fhades of everlaftin^ night 
 May this unhappy face djlarm, 
 And cad a veil o'er ev'ry charm : 
 
 Oficnded
 
 120 
 
 R S A M N D. 
 
 Ofxi^nded heaven I'll there adoi'e, 
 Nor fee the Sun, nor Henry more. 
 
 dU F, E N. 
 
 Moving language^ fh'm'mg tears^ 
 Glowing gmhy and graceful fears, 
 Kmdl'ing phy. Kindling rage. 
 At once provoke me, and ajfwage, 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 [Afide. 
 
 What fliall I do to pacific 
 Your kindled vengeance ? 
 
 ^^U E E N. 
 
 ——Thou fhalt die. [Offering the dagger. 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 Give me but one fhort moment's flay. 
 
 — — O Henry, why fo far away ? [^f^de. 
 
 ^U E E N. 
 
 Prepare to welter in a flood 
 
 Of ftreaming gore. [^ff^^'l^^ ^^^ dagger. 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 - — -O fpare my blood, 
 
 And let me grafp the deadly bowl. 
 
 [Takes the howl m her hand. 
 
 ^U E E N. 
 
 Ye pow'rs, how pity rends my foul! [A fide. 
 
 ROSA-
 
 ROSAMOND; 121 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 Thus proftrate at your feet I fall. 
 
 O let me ftill for mercy call ! [Falling on her knees. 
 
 Accept J great ^teen^ like injufd heaven. 
 
 The foul that begs to be forgiven : 
 
 If in the latejl gafp of breath. 
 
 If in the dreadful pains of death, 
 
 When the cold damp bedews 'your brow. 
 
 You hope for mercy, Jhow it now, 
 
 ^U E E K 
 
 Mercy to lighter crimes is due, 
 
 Horrors and death fhall thine purfue. [Offering the dagger, 
 
 ROSAMOND, 
 
 Thus I prevent the fatal blow. [Drinks. 
 -Whither, ah! whither fhall I go! 
 
 ^ U E E N. 
 
 Where thy paft life thou (halt lament. 
 And wifh thou hadft been innocent. 
 
 ROSAMOND, 
 
 Tyrant! to aggravate the ftroke, 
 And wound a heart, already broke! 
 My dying foul with fury burns. 
 And flighted grief to madnels turns. 
 
 Think not, thou author of my woe. 
 
 That Rofamond will leave thee fo : 
 Vol. I. R At
 
 122 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 At dead of n't^ty 
 
 A faring fpr^ght, 
 
 With hideous f creams 
 
 til haunt th'y dreams. 
 And when the •painful n'tght w'lthdrawsy 
 My Henry fhall revenge my caufe, 
 O whither does my frenzy drive ! 
 Forgive my rage, your wrongs forgive. 
 My veins arc froze j my blood grows chill j 
 The weary fprings of life (land ftill ,• 
 The deep of death benumbs all o'ey 
 My fainting limbs, and I'm no more. 
 
 ^U E E N, 
 Hear, and obierve your Queen's commands. 
 
 ;Beneath thofe hills a Convent ftands, 
 Where the fam'd ftreams of Ifis ftray j 
 Thither the breathleis coarfe convey. 
 And bid the cloifter'd maids with care 
 The due folemnities prepare. 
 
 When vanqu'ifh^d foes beneath us lye 
 How great it is to bid them Die / 
 But how much greater to forgive. 
 And bid a vanquijh'd foe to Live f 
 
 [Falls on the couch. 
 
 [7^ her attendants. 
 
 [Exeunt with the bo3y. 
 
 JlU 
 
 [Exit. 
 
 SCENE
 
 ROSAMOND. 123 
 
 SCENE VII. 
 
 J/r T R U S T Y in a Fright. 
 
 A breathlefs corps f what have I feen .' 
 And follow'd by the jealous Queen! 
 It muft be (he ! my fears are true : 
 The bowl of pois'nous juice I view. 
 How can the fam'd Sir Trufiy live 
 To hear his Mafter chide and grieve ? 
 No ! tho' I hate (iich bitter beer. 
 
 Fair Rofamond, I'll pledge th^e here. [Dr'mks, 
 
 The King this doleful news (hall read 
 
 In lines of my inditing: 
 " Great S'tr^ \JVrites, 
 
 ** Your Rofamond is ^cad 
 " As I am at this prefent writing. 
 The bower turns round, m'y bram^s abused. 
 The Labyrinth grows more confused. 
 
 The thickets dance 1 fir etch, I yawn. 
 
 Death has tr'tpfd up my heels I'm gone. 
 
 [Staggers and falls. 
 
 R 2 SCENE
 
 12+ ROSAMOND. 
 
 SCENE VIII. 
 
 Q.U E E N, fila. 
 
 The conflict of my mind is o'er. 
 And Rofamond fliall charm no more. 
 Hence ye fecret damps of care. 
 Fierce difdain, and cold delpair. 
 Hence ye fears and doubts remove j 
 Hence grief and hate ! 
 Ye pains that wait 
 On jealoufie, the rage of love. 
 
 My Hcnxyjhall be mine alone. 
 The Heroe fhall be all my own j 
 Nobler joys poffefs my heart 
 Than crowns and fcepters can imparts 
 
 ACT
 
 ROSAMOND, 125 
 
 ACT III. SCENE I. 
 
 SCENE a Grotto, HENRY ajleep, a cloud 
 defcends, in it tivo Angels fuppos' d to be the Guar^ 
 dian Spirits of the Britifh Kings in War and in 
 Peace. 
 
 B 
 
 I ANGEL. 
 
 E H O L D th' unhappy Monarch there, 
 That claims our tutelary care I 
 
 2 A N G EL. 
 
 In fields of death around his head 
 A (hield of Adamant I fpread. 
 
 1 ANGEL. 
 
 In hours of peace, unfeen, unknown, 
 I hover o'er the Brtttjh throne. 
 
 2 ANGEL. 
 
 When hofts of foes with foes engage. 
 And round th' anointed Heroe rage, 
 The cleaving fauchion I mifguide, 
 And turn the feather'd fliaft afide. 
 
 , A N Q E f..
 
 126 
 
 ROSAMOND. 
 
 I A N Q E L. 
 
 When dark fermenting fadions fwell. 
 And prompt th' ambitious to rebell, 
 A thoufand terrors I impart, 
 And damp the furious traitor's heart. 
 
 B r H, 
 
 But Oh what influence can remove 
 The pangs of grief, and rage of love \ 
 
 2 A N Q E L, 
 
 I'll fire his foul with mighty themes 
 'Till Love before Ambition fly. 
 
 1 ANGEL. 
 
 I'll footh his cares in pleafing dreams 
 'Till grief in joyful raptures die. 
 
 2 ANGEL. 
 
 ll^atever ^ormis and renowrfd 
 In Britifh annals can be found; 
 Whatever actions Jhall adorn 
 Britannia'^ heroes, yet unborn. 
 In dreadful vifions Jhall fucceed ; 
 On fancy' d fields the Gxil Jhall bleed, 
 Cxc^y Jfoall Jiand before his eyes. 
 And Agincourt and Blenheim rife. 
 
 I ANGEL.
 
 ROSAMOND. 127 
 
 i A N E L. 
 
 See, fee, he fmiles amidft his trance. 
 And {hakes a vifionary lance, 
 His brain is fiU'd with loud alarms ; 
 Shouting armies, clafhing arms, 
 The fofter prints of love deface; 
 And trumpets found in ev'ry trace. 
 
 BOTH. 
 
 Glory firiveSy 
 
 The field is won^ 
 Fame revives 
 
 And love is gone, 
 
 I ANGEL, 
 
 To calm thy grief, and lull thy cares. 
 Look up and lee 
 
 What, after long revolving years. 
 Thy Bower fliall be! 
 
 When time its beauties Ihall deface. 
 
 And only with its mines grace 
 
 The future profped: of the place. 
 
 Behold the glorious pile afcending ! 
 Columns {welling, arches bending, 
 Domes in awful pomp arifing. 
 Art in curious {Irokes {iirprizing. 
 Foes in figur'd fights contending. 
 Behold the glorious pile alcending ! 
 
 * Sxene changes to tke Plan ofBknheimCafile. 
 
 1 A N G E
 
 128 ROSAMOND. 
 
 z ANGEL. 
 
 He fees, he Tees the great reward 
 For Anna'^ mighty Chief prepar'd : 
 His growing joys no meajdire keep, 
 Too vehement and fierce for fleep. 
 
 I A N G E L. 
 
 Let grief and love at once engage^ 
 His heart is proof to all their pam ; 
 Love may plead 
 
 2 ANGEL. 
 
 And grief may rage ■ 
 
 EOT H. 
 
 Btit both Jhall plead and rage m vain. ■ 
 
 [The Angels afcend, and the vifion difappears. 
 
 HENRY, parting from the couch. 
 
 Where have my ravifh'd fehfes been ? 
 What joys, what wonders, have I feen .' 
 The fcene yet ftands before my eye, 
 A thoufand glorious deeds that lye 
 In deep futurity obfcilre. 
 Fights and triumphs immature. 
 Heroes immers'd in time's dark womb, 
 Ripening for mighty years to come, 
 
 Break
 
 ROSAMOND. 129 
 
 Break forth, and, to the day di/play'd. 
 My fbft inglorious hours upbraid. 
 Transported with fb bright a fcheme. 
 My waking Hfe appears a dream. 
 
 Adieu J ye wanton Jhddes and bowers. 
 Wreaths of myrtle, beds of flowers, 
 
 Rojie brakes. 
 
 Silver lakes. 
 
 To love and you 
 
 A long adieu / 
 
 O Rofamond! O rifing woe! 
 
 Why do my weeping eyes o'erflow ? 
 
 O Rofamond! O fair diftrefs'd! 
 
 How fhall my heart, with grief opprefs'd. 
 
 Its unrelenting purpole tell ; 
 
 And take the long, the laft farewel? 
 
 Rife, Glory, rife in all thy charms. 
 
 Thy waving creji, and burnijh'd arms. 
 
 Spread thy gilded banners round. 
 
 Make thy thundering courfer bound. 
 
 Bid the drum and trumpet join. 
 
 Warm my foul with rage divine ; 
 
 All thy pomps around thee call: 
 
 To conquer Love will ask them all, [Exit. 
 
 Vol. I. S SCENE
 
 130 
 
 S A M N D. 
 
 S C E N E U. 
 
 The Scene changes to that part of the Bovver where 
 Sir Trufty lies upon the ground-, ixiitb the Bmvl 
 and Dagger on the table. 
 
 Enter QJJ E E N. 
 
 Every ftar, and every pow'r, 
 Look down on this important hour : 
 Lend your protedion and defence 
 Every guard of innocence .' 
 Help me my Henry to alTwage, 
 To gain his love, or beat his rage. 
 
 M'yfienous love J tmcertam ireafitre, 
 Ha'Jl thou more of pain or pkafitre'f 
 
 Chill' d with tears y 
 
 Kill'd with fears y 
 Endlefs torments dwell ahoitt thee : 
 Tet who would live^ and live withestt thee I 
 
 JBut oh the fight my foul alarms : 
 
 My Lord appears, I'm all on fire ! 
 Why am I banifh'd from his arms ? 
 
 My heart's too full, I mull retire. 
 
 \f(.€tires to the end ofthefiage. 
 
 S C E ,N B
 
 R S A M N Dl ijt 
 
 SCENE III. 
 
 KING and QJJ E E N. 
 KING, 
 
 Some dreadiiil birth of fate is near : 
 Or why, my foul, unus'd to fear. 
 With fecret horror doft thoa fhake? 
 Can Dreams fuch dire impreffions make! 
 What means this folemn, filent ftiow ? 
 This pomp of death, this fcene of woe f 
 Support me, heaven ! what's this \ read i 
 Oh liorror ! Rofamond is dead. 
 What fhall I fay, or whither turn ? 
 With grief, and rage, and love, I burn : 
 From thought to thought my Ibul is toft. 
 And in the whirle of paflion loft. 
 Why did I not in battel fall, 
 Cruih'd by the thunder of the Gaull 
 Why did the fpear my bofbm mifs ? 
 Ye pow'rs, was I referv'd for this ! 
 
 Dijlra&ed with woe 
 
 ril rujh on the foe 
 To feek my relief: 
 
 The /word or the dart 
 
 Shall pierce my fad hearty 
 Andfinijh my grief! 
 
 Si ^ U E E N,
 
 132 ROSAMOND. 
 
 ^ U E E N. 
 
 Fain wou*d my tongue his griefs appeafe. 
 
 And give his torttir'd bofom eafe. [Afide. 
 
 KING. 
 
 But fee ! the caufe of all my fears. 
 The fburce of all my grief appears .' 
 No unexpe(5ted gueft is here ,• 
 
 The fatal bowl 
 
 Inform'd my Ibul 
 Eleonora was too near. 
 
 ^ U E E N. 
 Why do I here my Lord receive ? 
 
 KING. 
 
 Is this the welcome that you give ? 
 
 ^ U E E N. 
 Thus fhou'd divided lovers meet ? 
 
 BOTH. 
 
 And is it thus, ah / thus we greet / 
 
 ^UEEN. 
 
 What in thefe guilty fhades cou'd you, 
 Inglorious conquerour, purfue? 
 
 KING.
 
 ROSAMOND. 133 
 
 KING, 
 Cruel woman, what cou'd you ? 
 
 ^U E E N. 
 Degenerate thoughts have fir'd your breaft, 
 
 KING. 
 
 The thirft of blood has yours pofTefs'd. 
 
 Q. U E E N. 
 
 A heart fo unrepenttngy 
 
 KING. 
 
 Arage fo umelent'mgy 
 
 BOTH. 
 
 Will for ever 
 Love dtffevery 
 IVtll for ever break our reft, 
 
 KING. 
 
 Floods of forrow will I flied 
 
 To mourn the lovely fliade! 
 My Rofamondj alas, is dead. 
 
 And where, O where convey'd ! 
 So bright a bloom, fo foft an air. 
 
 Did ever nymph difclofe ! 
 The Idy was not half fo fatr^ 
 
 Nor haJffofweet the rofe. ^U E E N
 
 i^4 ROSAMOND. 
 
 ^ U E E N, 
 
 How is his heart with anguilh torn! .,[^<^^ 
 
 My Lord, I cannot fee you mourn j . 
 The Living you lament : wmle I, 
 To be lamented fo, coa'd Die. 
 
 K I N a 
 
 The Living! fpeak, oh fpeak again ! 
 Why will you dally with my pain ? 
 
 ^U E E N, 
 
 Were your lov'd Rofamond alive, 
 Wou'd not my former Wrongs revive ? 
 
 KING. 
 
 Oh no J by Vifions from above 
 Prepar'd for grief, and free'd from love, 
 I came to take my laft adieu. 
 
 ^ U E EN. 
 How am I blefs'd if this be true! {Jfide. 
 
 KING. 
 
 And leave th' unhappy nymph for you. 
 EntO!-— 
 
 dU E E N. 
 
 Forbear, my Lord, to grieve, 
 
 And know your Rofamond does live. If
 
 ROSAMOND. ijy 
 
 If^tisjoy to wound a lover y 
 
 How much more to gtve htm eafe 7 
 ff^en his pajfion we dtfcover^ 
 
 Oh how pleafmg 'tis -to pka/e/ 
 7%e bltfs returns y and we receive 
 Tran/ports greater than we give » 
 
 KING, 
 
 O quickly relate 
 This riddle of fate ! 
 My impatience forgive. 
 Does Rofamond live? 
 
 ^ U E E K. 
 
 The bowl, with drowfie juices fiU'd, 
 From cold Egyptian drugs diftill'd. 
 In borrow'd death has clos'd her eyes : 
 But foon the waking nymph fhall rife, 
 And, in a convent plac'd, admire 
 The cloifter'd walls and virgin choire: 
 With them in fbngs and hymns, divine 
 The beauteous penitent {h4ll join. 
 And bid the guilty world adieu, 
 
 KIN G. 
 
 How am I bleft if this be true ! [AJlde, 
 
 ^ U E E N 
 Atoning for her felf and you, 
 
 KING.
 
 136 ROSAMOND. 
 
 KING. 
 
 I ask no more ! fecure the fair 
 
 In life and blifi : I ask not where : 
 
 For ever from my fancy fled 
 
 May the whole world believe her dead. 
 
 That no foul minifter of vice 
 
 Again my finking foul intice 
 
 Its broken paflion to renew, 
 
 But let me live and die with you. 
 
 ^ U E E N, 
 
 How does my heart for fuch a prize 
 The vain cenforious world defpife ! 
 Tho' diftant ages, yet unborn, 
 For Rofamond (hall falfly mourn j 
 And with the prefent times agree. 
 To brand my name with cruelty ,• 
 How does my heart for (uch a prize 
 The vain cenforious world defpife? 
 
 But fee your Slave, while yet I fpeak, 
 From his dull trance unfettered break! 
 As he the Potion fhall iurvive 
 Believe your Rofamond Alive. 
 
 KING, 
 
 O happy day ! O pleafing view ! 
 My Queen forgives — — 
 
 ^ U E E N 
 ■>-' — My Lord is true, KING.
 
 ROSAMOISID. 117 
 
 KING. 
 
 No more III change ^ 
 
 Q. U E E N. 
 
 No more Nl grieve: 
 
 BOTH. 
 
 But ever thus united live. 
 
 Sir TRUSTY awaking. 
 
 In which world am I .' all I fee, 
 Ev'ry thicket, bufh and tree, 
 So like the place from whence I came, 
 That one wou'd fwear it were the fame. 
 My former Legs too, by their pace ! 
 And by the Whiskers, 'tis my face ! 
 The felf-fame habit, garb and mien! 
 They ne'er wou'd Bury me in Greetu 
 
 SCENE IV. 
 
 G R I D E L I N E and Sir TRUSTY. 
 
 G R I D E L I N E. 
 
 Have I then liv'd to fee this hour, 
 And took thee in the very Bow'r ? 
 
 Vol. I. T Sir
 
 138 K S A M N D. 
 
 Sir r R u s rr. 
 
 Widow Truftjj why fo Fine ? 
 Why doft thou thus in Colours fliine ? 
 Thou fhou'dft thy husband's death bewail 
 In Sable vefture, Peak and Veil. 
 
 GRIDELINE, 
 
 Forbear thefe foolifli freaks, and lee 
 How our good King and Queen agree. 
 Why fhou'd not we their fteps puriue. 
 And do as our luperiors do ? 
 
 Sir r R u s rr. 
 
 Am I bewitch'd, or do I dream ? 
 I know not who, or where I am, 
 Or what I hear, or what I fee. 
 But this I'm lure, howe'er it be. 
 It fuits a perfon in my ftation 
 T' obferve the mode and be in fafhion. 
 Then let not GndeTtne the chafte 
 Offended be for what is pafl. 
 And hence anew my vows I pHght 
 To be a fakhful courteous Knight. 
 
 G R I D E L I N E. 
 
 I'll too my plighted vows renew. 
 Since 'tis fo courtly to be true. 
 
 Since
 
 ROSAMOND. 139 
 
 S'lHce conjugal paJfwH 
 
 Is come into fajlfton. 
 And marriage fo blejl on the throne is. 
 
 Like a Venus IHlJh'tney 
 
 Be fond and he fine. 
 And Sir TxvSk.^ Jhall be my Adonis. 
 
 Sir TRUSTY. 
 
 And Sir T ruAy Jhall be thy Adonis. 
 
 The Kll^G and QJJ E E N advancing. 
 
 KING. 
 
 Who to forbidden joys wou'd rove, 
 That knows the fweets of virtuous love ? 
 Hymen y thou fource of chafte delights, 
 Chearful days, and blifsful nights, 
 Thou doft untainted joys difpence. 
 And pleafure join with innocence: 
 Thy raptures laft, and are fincere 
 From future grief and prefent fear. 
 
 BOTH. 
 
 IVho to forbidden joys woifd rove. 
 That knows the fweets of virtuous love ? 
 
 T 2 Prolp^e
 
 140 Poems on federal Occasions. 
 
 Trologue to the Tender Husband.^ 
 
 Spoken by Mr. W I L K X 
 
 IN the fiift rife and infancy of Farce, 
 When Fools were many, and when Plays were fcarce-,. 
 The raw unpradis'd authors could, with eafe, 
 A young and unexperienc'd audience pleafe : 
 No fingle Character had e'er been fhown. 
 But the whole herd of Fops was all their own 5 
 Rich in Originals, they fet to view, 
 In every piece, a Coxcomb that was new. 
 
 But now our Br'tt'ifh Theatre can boaft 
 Droles of all kinds, a vaft Unthinking hoft? 
 Fruitful of folly and of vice, it fliows 
 Cuckolds, and Citts, and Bawds, and Pimps, and Beaux ; 
 Rough-country Knights are found of every fliire,- 
 Of every fafhion gentle Fops appear ,• 
 And Punks of different charac^ters we meet, 
 As frequent on the Stage as in the Pit. 
 Our modern Wits are forc'd to pick and cull. 
 And here and there by chance glean up a Fool : 
 Long e'er they find the necelTary Ipark, 
 They fearch the Town, and beat about the Park : 
 
 To 
 
 * J Comedy 'written hy Sir Richard Steele.
 
 Poems on fe'veral Occ a si oi^s, 141 
 
 To all his mofl frequented haunts refort, 
 
 Oft dog him to the Ring, and oft to Court j 
 
 As love of pleafure, or of place invites : 
 
 And fometimes catch him taking Snuff at U^nte's, 
 
 Howe'er, to do you right, the prefent age 
 Breeds very hopeful Monfters for the ftage; 
 That fcorn the paths their dull forefathers trod, 
 And wo'n't be blockheads in the Common road. 
 Do but furvey this crowded houfe to-night : 
 Here's ftill encouragement for thoie that write. 
 
 Our Author, to divert his friends to-day, 
 Stocks with Variety of fools his Play j 
 And that there may be fomething gay, and new, 
 Two Ladies-errant has expos'd to view : 
 The firft a Damfel, travell'd in Romance,- 
 The t'other more refined; fhe comes from France: 
 Refcue, like courteous Knights, the Nymph from danger j 
 And kindly treat, like well-bred men, the Stranger. 
 
 E P I-
 
 i4'2 Poems on fc-veral Occasions, 
 
 I L O G U E 
 
 fo the British Enchanters.^ 
 
 HEN Orpheus tun'd his lyre wkh pleafing woe, 
 Rivers forgot to run, and winds to blow. 
 While lift'ning forefts eover'd, as he play'd, 
 The foft mulician in a moving fhade. 
 That this night's ftrrains the farne fiiccefs may find, 
 The force of Magick is to Mufick join'd : 
 Where founding firings and artful voices fail. 
 The charming rod and mutter'd {pells prevail. 
 Let fage Urganda wave the circling wand 
 On barren mountains, or a wafte of fand. 
 The defart fmilcs ^ the woods begin to grow. 
 The birds to warble, and the fprings to flow. 
 
 The fame dull fights in, the fame landfcape mixt. 
 Scenes of Still life, and points for ever fix'd, 
 A tedious pleafure on the mind beflow. 
 And pall the fenfe with one continu'd fhow : 
 But as our two Magicians try their skill. 
 The vifion varies, tho' the place flands flill, 
 
 * A Dramatick Poem written by the Lord Lanfdown. 
 
 While
 
 Poems on federal Occasions, 
 
 While the fame fpot its gaudy form renews. 
 Shifting the profped: to a thoufand views. 
 Thus (without Unity of place tranfgrefl) 
 Th' Enchanter turns the Critick to a jell. 
 
 But howlbe'er, to pleafe your wand'ring eyes. 
 Bright objedts difappear and brighter rife : 
 There's none can make amends for loft delight. 
 While, from that Circle we divert your fight. 
 
 143 
 
 HORACE,
 
 144 Poems on fe'veral Occasions. 
 
 HO R A C E, 
 
 ODE III Book III. 
 
 Auguftus had a dejtgn to rebuild Troy, and make 
 It the Metropolis of the Roman Empire^ having 
 clofetted Jeveral Senators on the projeB : Horace 
 is fuppos'd to haw ^written the following Ode on 
 this occafion. 
 
 TH E Man refolv'd and fteady to his truft. 
 Inflexible to ill, and obftinately juft. 
 May the rude rabble's infolence defpife, 
 Their fenfelefs clamours and tumultuous cries j 
 The tyrant's fiercenefs he beguiles, 
 And the ftern brow, and the harfh voice defies. 
 And with fiiperior greatnefs imiles. 
 
 Not the rough whirlwind, that deforms 
 Adr'ta\ black gulf, and vexes it with ftorms, 
 The (lubborn virtue of his foul can move j 
 Not the red arm of angry Jo^'e, 
 
 That
 
 Poems on federal Occasions. 145 
 
 That flings the thunder from the sky, 
 
 And gives it rage to roar, and ftrength to fly. 
 
 Should the whole frame of nature round him break, . 
 In ruine and confufion hurl'd. 
 He, unconcern'd, would hear the mighty crack, 
 And (land fecure amidft a faUing world. 
 
 Such were the srodlike arts that led 
 
 Bright Pollux to the bleft abodes j 
 
 Such did for great Ak'ides plead. 
 
 And gain'd a place among the Gods ; 
 
 Where now Auguflm^ mix'd with heroes, lies. 
 
 And to his lips the ne6tar bowl applies : 
 
 His ruddy lips the purple tincture fhow, 
 
 And with immortal ftains divinely glow- 
 By arts like thefc did young L'y^eus rife : 
 
 His Tigers drew him to the skies. 
 
 Wild from the defart and unbroke : 
 
 In vain they foam'd, in vain they ftar'd. 
 
 In vain their eyes with fury glar'd ^ 
 
 He tam'd 'em to the lafh, and bent 'em to the yoke. 
 
 Such were the paths that Rome's great founder trod. 
 When in a whirlwind fnatch'd on high. 
 He fliook off dull mortality. 
 And loft the Monarch in the God, 
 Bright Juno then her awful filence broke. 
 And thus th' affembled deities befpoke. 
 
 Vol. I. U Troy^
 
 14^ Poems m fo'V£rd Occasions» 
 
 Troy, fays the Goddefs, perjufd Troj has fdi 
 The dire effeds of her proud tyrant's giiilt j 
 The towering pile, and foft abodes, 
 Wall'd by the hand of fervile Gods, 
 Now fpreads its ruines all around, 
 And lyes inglorious on the groundL 
 An umpire, partial and unjuft, 
 And a lewd woman's impious luft. 
 Lay heavy on her head, and funk her to the duft. 
 
 Since falfe LaomedorCs tyrannick fway. 
 That durfl: defraud th' immortals of their pay. 
 Her guardian Gods renounc'd their patronage. 
 Nor wou'd the fierce invading foe repell j 
 To my relentments, and MtnervcC% rage. 
 The guilty King and the whole People fell. 
 
 And now the long protradted wars are o?er, 
 The foft adult'rer fhines no more j 
 No more do's HeSior's force the Trojans {hield, 
 That drove whole armies back, and fingly cleared the field. 
 
 My vengeance fated, I at length refign 
 To Mars his off-ipring oii^Q Trojan line: 
 Advanc'd to god-head let him rife. 
 And take his ftation in the skies j 
 There entertain his ravifh'd fight 
 With fcenes of glory, fidds of light ^ 
 
 XJuaff
 
 Poems on fe'veml Occasions. 147 
 
 Quaff with the Gods immortal wine. 
 And fee adoring nations crowd his (hrinc; 
 
 The thin remains of Trof^ afflided hoft. 
 In diftant realms may feats unenvy'^i find, 
 And flourifli on a foreign Coaft ,• 
 But far be Rome from Troy disjoin'd, 
 Remov'd by feas, from the difaftrous fhore. 
 May endleis billows rife between, and ftorms unnumber*d roar. 
 
 Still let the curft detefted place. 
 Where Priam lies, and Priam's faithlefi race. 
 Be cover'd o'er with weeds, and hid in grafs. 
 There let the wanton flocks unguarded ftray j 
 Or, while the lonely (hepherd fings, 
 Amidil the mighty ruins play, 
 And frisk upon the tombs of Kings. 
 
 May Tigers theft, an<l all the favage kind. 
 Sad folitary haunts, and filent deiarts find,- 
 In gloomy vaults, and nooks of palaces. 
 May th'unmolefted Lionel 
 Her brinded whelps fecurely lay, 
 Or, coucht, in dreadful flumbers wafte the day. 
 
 While Troy in heaps of mines lyes, 
 Rome and the Roman C^itol ihall rife j 
 Th' illuftrious exiles unconfin'd 
 Shall triumph far and near, and rule mankind. 
 
 U 2 la
 
 148 Poems on feveral Occasions. 
 
 In vain the fea's intmding tide 
 Europe from ^frk {hall divide, 
 And part the fever'd world in two : 
 Through Afrk's fands their triumphs they (halt fpread, 
 And the long train of victories purfiie 
 To Nik's yet undifcover'd head. 
 
 Riches the hardy foldier fhall defpife, 
 And look on gold with un-defiring eyes^ 
 Nor the disbowell'd earth explore 
 In fearch of the forbidden ore j 
 Thofe glitt'ring ills conceal'd within the Mine,, 
 Shall lye untouch'd, and innocently {hine. 
 To the laft bounds that nature fets. 
 The piercing colds and fiiltry heats, 
 The godlike race fhall fpread their arms f 
 Now fill the polar circle with alarms, 
 'Till ftorms and tempefts their purfiiits confine j 
 Now fweat for conqueft underneath the line. 
 
 This only law the vidor {hall reflrain. 
 On thefe conditions {hall he reign j 
 If none his guilty hand employ 
 To build again a fecond Troy,. 
 If none the rafh defign purlue, 
 Nor tempt the vengeance of the Gods anew, 
 
 A Curfe there cleaves to the devoted place^ 
 That fhall the new foundations rafe : 
 
 Greece
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 149 
 
 Greece (hall in mutual leagues confpire 
 To ftorm the rifing town with fire, 
 And at their armies head my felf will fliow 
 What Juno, urged to all her rage, can do. 
 
 Thrice {Kould ^o//(?'s felf the city raife. 
 And line it round with walls of brafs. 
 Thrice fliould my fav'rite Greeks his works confound,. 
 And hew the fhining fabrick to the ground j 
 Thrice fhould her captive dames to Greece return. 
 And their dead fons and flaughter'd husbands mourn. 
 
 But hold, my Mufe, forbear thy towering flight. 
 Nor bring the (ecrets of the Gods to Hght: 
 In vain would thy preliimptuous verfe 
 Th' immortal rhetoric rehearfe j 
 The mighty ftrains, in Lyric numbers bound, . 
 Borget their majefty, and lofe their found. 
 
 O V I D 's
 
 ijo Poems o;^ y^wr^/ Occasions. 
 
 O VI D's 
 
 ]VI E TA M R T H O S E S. 
 BOOK 11. 
 
 The Stmy if P h A e 1* o k. 
 
 THE Sun's bright palace^ on high columns rais'^. 
 With burnifli'^ gold and flaming j^wek blaz'd;| 
 The folding gates diffus'd a filver Hght, 
 And with a milder gleam refrefh'd the light ,• 
 Of pohlh'd ivofy was the covering wrought: 
 The matter vied not with the Sculptor's thought. 
 For in the portal was diiplay'd on high 
 ( The work of Vulcan) a fi^itious sky ,• 
 A waving lea th'inferiour earth embrac'd, 
 And Gods and GoddelTes the waters grac'd. 
 JEgeon here a mighty whale bdlrode ; 
 Triton^ and Proteus (the deceiving God) 
 With Doris here were earv'd, and all her trainj 
 Some loolely fwimming in the ligur'd main^ 
 
 ^hile
 
 Poems on Jcveral Occasions. 151 
 
 While fome on rocks their dropping hair divide. 
 
 And fome on fifhes through the waters glide : 
 
 Tho' various features did the Sifters grace, 
 
 A Sifter's hkene{s was in every face. 
 
 On earth a different landskip courts the eyes, 
 
 Men, Towns, and Beafts, in diftant profpeds rife. 
 
 And Nymphs, and Streams, and Woods, and rural Deities.' 
 
 O'er all, the Heav'n's refulgent Image fhines ,• 
 
 On either gate were fix engraven figns. 
 
 Here Phaeton, ftill gaining on th' afcent. 
 To his luipedted Other's palace went, 
 'Till prefling forward through the bright abode. 
 He faw at diftance the illuflrious God : 
 He faw at diftance, or the dazling light 
 Had flafh'd too ftrongly on his aking fight. 
 
 The God fits high, exalted on a throne 
 Of blazing gems, with purple garments on; 
 The Hours, in order rang'd on either hand. 
 And Days, and Months, and Years, and Ages, ftand. 
 Here Spring appears with flow'ry chaplets bound; 
 Here Summer in her wheaten garland crown'd ,• 
 Here Autumn the rich trodden grapes befmear ,- 
 And hoary Winter (hivers in the reer. 
 
 Phoebus beheld the youth from off his throne ; 
 That eye, which looks on all, was fix'd in one. 
 He faw the boy's confiifion in his face, . 
 Surpriz'd at all the wonders of the place j 
 
 And
 
 152 V OEMS on feveral O c c A s i o n s. 
 
 And cries aloud, " What wants my Son ? for know 
 " My Son thou art, and I rauft call thee fo. 
 
 (C 
 
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 " Light of the world, the trembling youth rephes, 
 lUuftrious Parent! fince you don't de(pi{e 
 The Parent's name, fome certain token give. 
 That I may Clymene's proud boaft believe. 
 Nor longer under falfe reproaches grieve. 
 
 The tender fire was touch'd with what he laid. 
 And flung the blaze of glories from his head, 
 And bid the youth advance : " My Son, faid he. 
 Come to thy Pather's arms ? for Chjmenh 
 Has told thee true j a Parent's name I own. 
 And deem thee worthy to be cail'd my Son. 
 As a (lire proof, make fome requeft, and I, 
 Whate'er it be, with that requefl: comply j 
 By St'^x I fwcar, whofe waves are hid in night. 
 And roul impervious to my piercing fight. 
 
 C£ 
 
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 The youth tranfported, asks without delay, 
 To guide the Sun's bright chariot for a day. 
 
 The God repented of the oath he took. 
 For anguiili thrice his radiant head he fhook ; 
 *' My fon, fays he, fi3me other proof require, 
 
 Rafii was my promife, ralli is thy defire. 
 
 I'd fain deny tbis wifh which thou haft made, 
 
 Or, what I can't deny, would fain diffwadje. 
 
 ic 
 
 (I 
 
 €C 
 
 " Too
 
 Poems o;^y^i^^r^/ Occasions. 155 
 
 Too vaft and hazardous the task appears. 
 
 Nor fuited to thy ftrength, nor to thy years. 
 
 Thy lot is mortal, but thy wifhes fly 
 
 Beyond the province of mortality : 
 
 There is not one of all the Gods that dares 
 
 (However skill'd in other great affairs) 
 
 To mount the burning axle-tree, but I ; 
 
 Not Jove himfelf, the ruler of the sky, 
 
 That hurles the three-fork'd thunder from above, 
 
 Dares try his ftrength,- yet who fo ftrong as Jove? 
 
 The fteeds climb up the firft afccnt with pain: 
 
 And when the middle firmament they gain. 
 
 If downward from the heavens my head I bow, 
 " And fee the earth and ocean hang below, 
 " Ev'n I am feiz'd with horror and affright. 
 
 And my own heart mifgives me at the fight. 
 
 A mighty downfal fteeps the ev'ning ftage. 
 
 And fteddy reins muft curb the horfes' rage, 
 
 Tethys her felf has fear'd to fee me driv'n 
 
 Down headlong from the precipice of heav'n. 
 
 Befides, confider what impetuous force 
 
 Turns ftars and planets in a different courfe : 
 
 I fteer againft their motions ; nor am I 
 
 Born back by all the current of the sky. 
 
 *' But how could You refift the orbs that roul 
 
 '' In adverfe whirls, and ftem the rapid pole ? 
 
 But you perhaps may hope for pleafing woods, 
 
 And ftately domes, and cities fill'd with Gods ; 
 
 While through a thoufand fnares your progrefs lies, 
 
 Where forms of ftarry Monftcrs ftock the skies ; 
 
 Vol. I. X [' For, 
 
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 15-4 Poems on fei'cral Occasions. 
 
 ** For, fhould you hit the doubtful way aright, 
 The Bull with {looping horns (lands oppofite j 
 Next him the bright Hismontan Bow is flrung • 
 ** And next, the Lion's grinning vifage hung: 
 *' The ScorpiorCs claws here clafp a wide extent, 
 " And here the O^^'s in lefifer clafps are bent. 
 " Nor would you find it eafie to compofe 
 " The mettled fteeds, when from their noftrils flows 
 *^ The fcorching fire, that in their entrails glows. 
 *' Ev'n I their head-ilrong fury fcarce reftrain, 
 " When they grow warm and reftiff to the rein. 
 *' Let not my Son a fatal gift require, 
 '' But, O! in time, recall your rafh defire ; 
 *' You ask a gift that may your Parent tell, 
 ^'^ Let thefe my Fears your parentage reveal j 
 " And learn a Father from a Father's care : 
 Look on my face ; or if my heart lay bare. 
 Could you but look, you'd read the Father there. 
 Chuie out a gift from ieas, or earth, or skies, 
 For open to your wiih all nature lies. 
 Only decline this one unequal task. 
 For 'tis a Mifchief, not a Gift you ask ; 
 You ask a real Mifchief, Phaeton: 
 Nay hang not thus about my neck, my Son : 
 I grant your wiih, and St<yx has heard my voice, 
 ** Chufe what you will, but make a wifer choice. 
 
 Thus did the God th' unwary youth advife^ 
 But he flill longs to travel through the skies. 
 
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 When
 
 Poems on fever al Occasions. 155 
 
 Wlien the fond Father (for ia vain he pleads) 
 
 At length to the Vulcan'tan chariot leads. 
 
 A golden axle did the work uphold. 
 
 Gold was the beam, the wheels were orbM with gold. 
 
 The fpokes in rows of filver pleas'd the fight. 
 
 The feat with parti-colour'd gems was bright; 
 
 Apollo ftiin'd amid the glare of light. 
 The youth with fecret joy the work fiirveys ,• 
 When now th^ morn diiclos'd her purple rays ,- 
 The ftars were fled ,• for Luctfer had chalc'd 
 The flars away, and fled himfclf at laft. 
 Soon as the Father faw the roly morn. 
 And the moon fhining with a blunter horn. 
 He bid the nimble Hours without delay 
 Bring forth the fteeds ,• the nimble Hours obey : 
 From their full racks the gen'rous fteeds retire. 
 Dropping ambrofial foams, and fnorting fire. 
 Still anxious for his Son, the God of day. 
 To make him proof againft the burning ray. 
 His temples with celeftial ointment wet. 
 Of fov'raign virtue to repel the heat ; 
 Then fix'd the beamy circle on his head. 
 And fetch'd a deep foreboding figh, and faid, 
 
 " Take this at leaft, this laft advice, my Son : 
 " Keep a ftiff rein, and move but gently on : 
 " The courfers of themfelves will run too faft, 
 " Your art muft be to moderate their hafte. 
 
 Drive 'em not on Diredly through the skies. 
 
 But where the Zodiac's winding circle lies, 
 
 X 2 " Along 

 
 156 Poems c// ft^ceral Occasions. 
 
 "'•"'5 
 
 (C 
 
 Along the midmoU Z^one -^ but Tally forth 
 Nor to the diftant ibuth, nor ftormy north. 
 '^ The horles' hoofs a beaten track will fliow, 
 " But neither mount too high, nor fink too low, 
 *' That no new fires or heaven or earth infeft ; 
 Keep the mid way, the middle way is beft. 
 Nor, where in radiant folds the Serpent twines, 
 Direct your conrfe, nor where the Altar fhines. 
 Shun both extremes j the reft let Fortune guide, 
 
 (( 
 
 *' And better for thee than thy felf provide! 
 " See, while I fpeak, the fliades difperfe away, 
 
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 Aurora gives the promifc of a day; 
 I'm call'd, nor can I make a longer ftay. 
 Snatch up the reins j or ftill th' attempt forfake, 
 And not my Chariot, but my Counfel take, 
 While yet fecurely on the earth you ftand 5 
 " Nor touch the horfes with too rafii a hand. 
 " Let Me alone to light the world, while you 
 " Enjoy thofe beams which you may fafely view. 
 He fpoke in vain ^ the youth with adlive heat 
 And fprightly vigour vaults into the feat ,- 
 And joys to hold the reins, and fondly gives 
 Thofe thanks his Father with remorfe receives. 
 
 Mean while the reftleis horfes neigh'd aloud. 
 Breathing out fire, and pawing where they ftood, 
 Teth'ys^ not knowing what had paft, gave way. 
 And all the wafte of heaven before 'em lay. 
 They fpring together out, and (wiftly bear 
 The flying youth through clouds and yielding air 5 
 
 With
 
 F OEM s ofi ffvera/ Occasions. 157 
 
 With wingy fpecd outftrip the eaftern wind. 
 
 And leave the breezes of the morn behind. 
 
 The Youth was Hght^ nor could he fill the feat. 
 
 Or poife the chariot with its wonted weight : 
 
 But as at fea th'unballafs'd veffel rides, 
 
 Caft to and fro, the iport of winds and tides ; 
 
 So in the bounding chariot tofs'd on high. 
 
 The Youth is hurry'd headlong through the sky. 
 
 Soon as the deeds perceive it, they forfake 
 
 Their ftatcd courfe, and leave the beaten track. 
 
 The Youth was in a maze, nor did he know 
 
 Which way to turn the reins, or where to go ; 
 
 Nor wou'd the horfes, had he known, obey. ^ 
 
 Then the Seven Jlars firft felt Apolloh ray, \. 
 
 And wifh'd to dip in the forbidden (ca. \ 
 
 The folded Serpent next the frozen pole, ' 
 
 Stiff and benum'd before, began to roll. 
 
 And rage'd with inward heat, and threaten'd war, 
 
 And fhot a redder light from every ftar j 
 
 Nay, and 'tis faid, Bootes too, that fain 
 
 Thou would'fl have fled, tho' cumber'd with thy Wain. 
 
 Th' unhappy Youth then, bending down his head. 
 Saw earth and ocean far beneath him fpread : 
 His colour chang'd, he ftartlcd at the fight, 
 And his eyes darken'd by too great a light. 
 Now could he wifh the fiery fteeds untry'd. 
 His birth obfcure, and his requeft deny'd : 
 Now would he Merops for his Father own, 
 And quit his boafted kindred to the Sun, 
 
 So
 
 158 Poems on Jeveral Occasions. 
 
 So fares the Pilot, when his fliip Is toft 
 In troubled Teas, and all its fteerage loft, 
 He gives her to the winds, and in defpair 
 Seeks his laft refuge in the Gods and Prayer. 
 
 What cou'd he do ? his eyes, if backward caft. 
 Find a long path he had already paft ,• 
 If forward, ftill a longer path they find: 
 Both he compares, and meafures in his mind ,• 
 And ibmetimes cafts an eye upon the Eaft, 
 And fometimes looks on the forbidden Weft. 
 The horfe's Names he knew not in the fright : 
 Nor wou'd he loofe the reins, nor cou\i he hold *em right. 
 
 Now all the horrors of the heavens he (pies. 
 And monftrous Hiadows of prodigious fize. 
 That, deck'd with ftars, lie featter'd o'er the skies. 
 There is a place above, where Scorpio bent 
 In tail and arms fiirrounds a vaft extent; 
 In a wide circuit of the heavens he fhines. 
 And fills the fpace of two celeftial figns. 
 Soon as the Youth beheld him, vex'd with heat, 
 Brandifli his fting, and in his poifbn fweat. 
 Half dead with fiidden fear he dropt the reins,- 
 The horfes felt 'em loofe upon their main«. 
 And, flying out through all the plains above. 
 Ran uncontroul'd where-e'er their fiiry drove ; 
 Rufli'd on the ftars, and through a pathleis way 
 Ofunknown regions hurry'd on the day. 
 
 And
 
 Poems on fever al Occasions. 159 
 
 And now above, and now below they flew, 
 And near the Earth the burning chariot drew. 
 
 The clouds difperfe in fumes, the wond'ring Moon 
 Beholds her brother's fteeds beneath her own j 
 The highlands fmoak, cleft by the piercing rays. 
 Or, clad with woods, in their own fewel blaze. 
 Next o'er the plains, where ripcn'd harvefts grow, 
 The running conflagration fpreads below. 
 But thefe are trivial ills : whole cities burn. 
 And peopled kingdoms into aihes turti* 
 
 The mountains kindle as the Car draws near,, 
 Athos and Tmolus red with fires appear; 
 Oeagrlan Hamus (then a fingle name) 
 And virgin Helicon increafe the flame ; 
 'Taurus and O'te glare amid the sky, 
 And Ida^ ^pig^^ of all her fountains, dry. 
 Er^Xj and Ofhrys, and Cttharon, glow j 
 And Rhodope, no longer cloath'd in fnow j 
 High Pindus, Mimas, and Parnafftis, i\v'eat. 
 And JEtna rages with redoubled hear. 
 Even Scythta^ through her hoary regions warm'd. 
 In vain with all her native froft was arm'd. 
 Cover'd with flames, the tow'ring Appemime^ 
 And Caucafus, and proud Olympus^ fliine j 
 And, where the long-extended Alpes afpire. 
 Now ftands a huge continu'd range of fire. 
 
 Th'aflioniflit Youth, whcre-e'er his eyes cou'd turn, 
 Beheld the Univerfe around him burn : The
 
 i6o Poems on fe^veral Occasions. 
 
 The World was in a blaze ; nor could he bear 
 The fultry vapours and the fcorching air, 
 "Which from below, as from a furnace, flow'd ; 
 And now the axle-tree beneath him glow'd : 
 Loft in the whirling clouds, that round him broke. 
 And white with afhes, hov'ring in the fmoke. 
 He flew where-e'er the Horfes drove, nor knew 
 Whither the Horfes drove, - or where he flew. 
 
 'Twas then, they fay, the fwarthy Moor begun 
 To change his hue, and Blacken in the lun. 
 Then Lii?ya firft, of all her moifture drain'd. 
 Became a barren wafte, a wild of Sand. 
 The Water-nymphs lament their empty urns, 
 B^oiia, robb'd of filver Dhce, mourns, 
 Corinth Pyrenees wafted fpring bewails. 
 And Argos grieves whilft Amymone fails. 
 
 The floods are drain'd from every diftant coaft, 
 Even Tandis^ tho' fix'd in ice, was loft. 
 Enrage'd Cdicus and Lyc-ormas roar, 
 And Xanthus^ fated to be burnt once more. 
 The fam'd M^eander^ that unweary'd ftrays 
 Through mazy windings, ftnokes in every jnaze. 
 From his lov'd Babylon Euphrates flies j ^ 
 
 The big-lwoln Ganges and the Danube rife 
 In thick'ninii fumes, and darken lialf the skies. 
 In flames Ifmenos and the Phajis roul'd. 
 And Tagus floating in his melted gold. 
 The Swans, that on Cayfier often tryM 
 Their tuneful fongs, now fling their laft and dy'd. 
 
 <>
 
 Poems on fever al Occasions. i6i 
 
 The frighted ISTile ran off, and under ground 
 Conceal'd liis head, nor can it yet be found : 
 His feven divided currents all are dry. 
 And where they roul'd, feven gaping trenches lye. 
 No more the Rhine or Rhone their courfe maintain^ 
 Nor Tiber^ of his promis'd empire vain. 
 
 The ground, deep-cleft, admits the dazling ray, 
 And ftartles PliUo with the flafh of day. 
 The feas ftirink in, and to the fight difclofe 
 Wide naked plains, where once their billows rofe ; 
 Their rocks are all difcover'd, and increafe 
 The number of the fcatter'd Cyclades. 
 The fifli in iholes about the bottom creep. 
 Nor longer dares the crooked Dolphin leap ; 
 Galjping for breath, th'unfhapen Phocde die, 
 And on the boiling wave extended lye. 
 Nereus, and Doris with her virgin train, 
 Seek out the lafl: recefTes of the main ; 
 Beneath unfathomable depths they faint. 
 And fccret in their gloomy caverns pant. 
 Stern Neptune thrice above the waves upheld 
 His fice, and thrice was by the flames rcpell'd. • 
 
 The Earth at length, on every fide embrace'd 
 With fcalding feas, that floated round her waifl:, 
 W^hen now fhe felt the (prings and rivers come, 
 And crowd within the hellow of her womb, 
 "L p-lifted to the heavens her blafl:ed head. 
 And clapt her hand upon her brows, and faid ; 
 
 Vol, I. Y (But
 
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 162 F OEMS on feiwal Occasions. 
 
 (But firft, impatient of the fultry heat, 
 
 Sunk deeper down, and fought a cooler feat :) 
 
 If you, great King of Gods, my death approve. 
 
 And I deferve it, let me die by Jove ; 
 
 If I muft perifh by the force of fire. 
 
 Let me transfix'd with thunderbolts expire. 
 
 See, whilft I fpeak, my breath the vapours choke, 
 (For now her face lay wrapt in clouds of fmoke) 
 " See my finge'd hair, behold my faded eye, 
 " And wither'd face, where heaps of cinders lye! 
 " And does the plow for this my body tear ? 
 " This the reward for all the fruits I bear, 
 " Tortur'd with rakes, and harafs'd all the year ? 
 " That herbs for cattle daily I renew, 
 " And food for man, and frankincenfe for you ? 
 
 But grant Me guilty j what has Neptune done ? 
 
 Why are his waters boiling in the fun ? 
 ■^^ The wavy empire, which by lot was given. 
 
 Why does it wafte, and further fhrink from heaven ? 
 
 If I nor He your pity can provoke, 
 " See your own Heavens, the heavens begin to Imoke-^ 
 *' Shou'd once the fparkles catch thofe bright abodes, 
 *' Deftrudion feizes on the heavens and gods j 
 " Atlas becomes unequal to his freight, 
 '* And almoft faints beneath the glowing weight. 
 " If heaven, and earth, and iea, together burn^, 
 *^ All muft again into their chaos turn. 
 *' Apply fome ipeedy cure, prevent 'fpr fate, 
 " And fuccour nature, e'er it be too late. 
 
 
 
 She
 
 Poems on federal Occasions. 163 
 
 she ceas'd ,• for choak'd with vapours round her fpread, 
 Down to the deepcft fhades {he funk her head. 
 
 Jove call'd to witnefs every Power above, 
 And even the God, whofe Son the Chariot drove, 
 That what he ads he is compell'd to do. 
 Or univerfal ruine muft enfiie. 
 Strait he afcends the high Ethereal throne, 
 From whence he us'd to dart his thunder down. 
 From whence his fhowers and ftorms he us'd to pour. 
 But now could meet with neither ftorm nor fhower. 
 Then, aiming at the youth, with lifted hand. 
 Full at his head he hurl'd the forky brand. 
 In dreadful thund'rings. Thus th' Almighty Sire 
 Suppreis'd the raging of the fires with fire. 
 
 At onoe from life, and from the chariot driven, 
 Th' ambitious boy fell thunder-ftruck from heaven. 
 The horfes ftarted with a fudden bound. 
 And flung the reins and chariot to the ground: 
 The fluddcd harnefs from their necks they broke. 
 Here fell a wheel, and here a filver /poke. 
 Here were the beam and axle torn away ; 
 And, fcatter'd o'er the earth, the fliining fragments lay. 
 The breathlefs Phaeton, with flaming hair. 
 Shot from the chariot, like a falling ftar. 
 That in a fiimmer's evening from the top 
 Of heaven drops down, or feems at leaft to drop ^ 
 'Till on the Po his blafted corps was hurl'd. 
 Far from his country, in the weftern warld. 
 
 Y 2 Phaeton'5
 
 164 Poems on feveral Occasions, 
 Phaeton V Sifters transformed into 7rees, 
 
 The Lat'tan nymphs came round him, and amaz'd 
 On the dead youth, transfix'd with thunder, gaz'd ; 
 And, whilft yet fmoaking from the bolt he lay. 
 His fhatter'd body to a tomb convey. 
 And o'er the tomb an epitaph devife : 
 
 
 Here he who drove the Sun's bright chariot lies j 
 His Father's fiery fteeds he could not guide. 
 But in the glorious entcrprize he dy'dx 
 
 Apollo hid his face, and pin'd for grief. 
 And, if the ftory may deferve beHef, 
 The (jpace of One whole day is faid to run. 
 From morn to wonted even, without a Sun : 
 The burning ruines, with a fainter ray. 
 Supply the Sun, and counterfeit a day, 
 A day, that ftill did nature's face difclofe : 
 This comfort from the mighty mifchief rofe. 
 
 But Clymene, enrage'd with grief, laments. 
 And as her grief infpires, her paflion vents : 
 Wild for her Son, and frantick in her woes. 
 With hair diflievel'd, round the world fhe goes, 
 To feek whcre-e'er his body might be caft -, 
 Till, on the borders of the Po^ at laft 
 The name infcrib'd on the new tomb appears. 
 The dear dear name fhe bathes in flowing tears. 
 
 Hangs
 
 Poems on fever al Occasions. 165 
 
 Hangs o'er the tomb, unable to depart, 
 And hugs the marble to her throbbing heart. 
 
 Her daughters too lament, and figh, and mourn, 
 (A fruitlefs tribute to their brother's urn) 
 And beat their naked bofoms, and complain, 
 And call aloud for Phaeton in vain : 
 All the long night their mournful watch they keep, 
 And all the day ftand round the tomb, and weep. 
 
 Four times, revolving, the full Moon return'd ; 
 So long the mother, and the daughters mourn'd : 
 When now the eldeft, Phaethufa, ftrove 
 To reft her weary limbs, but could not move | 
 Lampetia would have help'd her, but fhe found 
 Her felf with-held, and rooted to the ground : 
 A third in wild affliction, as fhe grieves. 
 Would rend her hair, but fills her hand with Leaves ; 
 One fees her thighs transform'd, another views 
 Her arms {hot out, and branching into boughs. 
 And now their legs, and breafts, and bodies ftood . 
 Crufted with bark, and hard'ning into wood j 
 But ftill above were female Heads difplay'd, 
 And mouths, that call'd the Mother to their aid. 
 What could, alas! the weeping mother do? 
 From this to that with eager hafte flie flew. 
 And kifs'd her fprouting daughters as they grew. 
 She tears the bark that to each body cleaves. 
 And from their verdant fingers fbips the leaves : 
 
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 i66 Poems on fever al Occasions, 
 
 The blood came trickling, where fhe tore away 
 The leaves and bark : The maids were heard to fay, 
 Forbear, miftaken Parent, Oh! forbear,- 
 A wounded daughter in each tree you tear ,• 
 Farewel for ever." Here the bark encreas'd, 
 Clos'd on their faces, and their words fiipprefs'd. 
 
 The new-made trees in tears of Amber run, 
 Which, harden'd into value by the Sun, 
 Diftill for ever on the ftreams below.: 
 The limpid ftreams their radiant treafure fliow, 
 Mixt in the fand; whence the rich drops convey'd 
 Shine in the drefs of the bright Lat'tan maid. 
 
 The 7r arts formation of Cycnvs into a Swan. 
 
 Cycnus beheld the Nymphs transform'd, aliy'd 
 To their dead brother, on the mortal fide, 
 In frienddiip and affcd:ion nearer bound ^ 
 He left the cities and the realms he own'd, 
 Thro' pathlels fields and lonely ihores to range, 
 And woods, made thicker by the fillers' change. 
 Whilft here, within the difinal gloom, alone. 
 The melancholy Monarch made his moan. 
 His voice was lelfen'd, as he try'd to /peak. 
 And ilfu'd through a long extended neck ,• 
 His hair transforms to down, his finders meet 
 In skinny films, and {hape his oary feet ,• 
 From both his fides the wings and feathers break 5 
 And frx)m his mouth proceeds a blunted beak : 
 
 All
 
 Poems on federal Occasions. i6j 
 
 All C'yams now into a Swan was tiirn'd, 
 Who, ftill remembring how his kinfman burn'd;, 
 To foUtary pools and lakes retires. 
 And lores the waters as oppos'd to fires. 
 
 Mean-while Apollo in a gloomy fiiade 
 (The native luftre of his brows decay'd) 
 Indulging forrow, fickens at the fight 
 Of his own Sun-ihine, and abhors the light : 
 The hidden griefs, that in his bofom rife. 
 Sadden his looks, and over-caft his eyes. 
 As when fome dusky orb obftrud:s his ray. 
 And fuUies, in a dim ecliplc, the day. 
 
 Now fecretly with inward griefs he pin'd. 
 Now warm refentments to his grief he joyn'd. 
 And now renounc'd his office to mankind. 
 
 E'er fince the birth of Time, faid he, I've born 
 
 A long ungrateful toil without return; 
 
 Let now fome other manage, if he dare, 
 
 The fiery fleeds, and mount the burning Carr; 
 
 Or, if none elfe, let Jove his fortune try. 
 
 And learn to lay his murd'ring thunder by,- 
 
 Then will he own, perhaps, but own too late. 
 
 My Son deferv'd not fo fevere a fate. 
 
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 The Gods fland round him, as he mourns, and pray 
 He would refume the condud of the day. 
 Nor let the world be loft in endlefs night: 
 Jove too himielf, defcending from his height, 
 
 Excufes
 
 i68 P o E MS on feveral Occasions. 
 
 Excufes what had happen'd, and intreats, 
 Majeftically mixing prayers and threats. 
 Prevail'd upon at length, again he took 
 The harnefs'd fteeds, that ftill with horror ftiook^ 
 And pHcs 'em with the lafh, and whips 'em on. 
 And, as he whips, upbraids 'em with his Son, 
 
 The Story of C A'list o. 
 
 The day was fettled in its courfe j and Jove 
 Walk'd the wide circuit of the heavens above, 
 To fearch if any cracks or flaws were madej 
 But all was fafe : The earth he then furvey'd. 
 And caft an eye on every different coaft. 
 And every land ; but on Arcadia moft. 
 Her fields he cloath'd, and chear'd her blafted face 
 With running fountains, and with fpringing grafs. 
 No tracks of heaven's deftru6tive fire remain. 
 The fields and woods revive, and Nature fmiles again. 
 
 But as the God walk'd to and fro the earth, 
 And rais'd the plants, and gave the Spring its birth. 
 By chance a fair Arcadian Nymph he view'd. 
 And felt the lovely charmer in his blood. 
 The Nymph nor fpun, nor drefs'd with artful pride ; 
 Her vcfl: was gather'd up, her hair was ty'd ^ 
 Now in her hand a (lender fpear fhe bore. 
 Now a light quiver on her fhoulders wore ^ 
 To chaft Diana from her youth inclin'd 
 The (prightly warriors of the wood fhe join'd. 
 
 Diana
 
 Poems on fever al Occasions. 169 
 
 Dtana too the gentle huntrefs lov'd. 
 Nor was there one of all the nymphs that rov'd 
 O'er Mdsnalusy amid the maiden throng, 
 M©re favour'd once ^ but favour lafts not long. 
 
 The Sun now {hone in all its ftrength, and drove 
 The heated virgin panting to a grove,- 
 The grove around a grateful fhadow call: 
 She dropt her arrows, aud her bow unbrace'd ^ 
 She flung her felf on the cool gralTy bed ; 
 And on the painted quiver rais'd her head. 
 "Jove faw the charming huntrefs unprepar'd, 
 Stretch'd on the verdant turf, without a guard. 
 *' Here I am fafe, he cries, from Juno's eye ,• 
 " Or fhould my jealous Queen the theft defcry, 
 " Yet would I venture on a theft like this, 
 " And (land her rage for fiich, for iuch a blifs ! 
 Diana's {hape and habit ftrait he took, 
 Soften'd his brows, and fmooth'd his awful look. 
 And mildly in a female accent fpokc. 
 " How fares my girl ? How went the morning chafe r 
 To whom the virgin, ftarting from the grafs, 
 " All-hail, bright deity, whom I prefer 
 " To Jove himfclf, tho' Jove himfelf were here. 
 The God was nearer than fhe thought, and heard 
 Wcll-plcas'd himfclf before himfelf prefcrr'd. 
 
 He then falutes her with a warm embrace ,• 
 And, e'er {he half had told the morning chafe, 
 
 Vol. I. Z With
 
 170 Poems on feveral Occasions. 
 
 With love enflam'd, and eager on his bHfs, 
 Smother'd her words, and ftop'd her with a kifs ; 
 His kiffes with unwonted ardour glow'd, 
 Nor could Diana's {hape conceal the God. 
 The virgin did whate'er a virgin cou'd ^ 
 (Sure Juno muft have pardon'd, had fhe view'd) 
 With all her might againft his force {he ftrove j 
 But how can mortal maids contend with Jove / 
 
 Pofleft at length of what his heart defir'd. 
 Back to his heavens th' exulting God retir'd. 
 The lovely huntrefs, rifing from the grafs. 
 With down-caft eyes, and with a blufhing face. 
 By fliame confounded, and by fear difinay'd, 
 Flew from the covert of the guilty (hade. 
 And almoft, in the tumult of her mind. 
 Left her forgotten bow and fhafts behind. 
 
 But now Dmna^ with a fprightly train 
 Of quiver'd virgins, bounding o'er the plain, 
 Call'd to the Nymph ,• the Nymph began to fear 
 A fecond fraud, a Jove difguis'd in Her ; 
 But, when fhe faw the fifter Nymphs, fupprefs'd 
 Her rifing fears, and mingled with the reft. 
 
 How in the look does conlcious guilt appear ! 
 Slowly fhe mov'd, and loiter'd in the rear ,• 
 Nor lightly tripp'd, nor by the godde(s ran. 
 As once fhe us'd, the foremoft of the train. 
 
 Her
 
 Poems on fe-veral Occasions. 171 
 
 Her looks were flufh'd, and fullcn was her mien. 
 That /lire the virgin goddefs (had (he been 
 Aught but a virgin) muft the guilt have feen. 
 'Tis faid the Nymphs faw all, and guefs'd aright : 
 And now the Moon had nine times loft her light, 
 When Dian^ fainting in the mid-day beams, 
 Found a cool covert, and refrefhing ftreams 
 That in foft murmurs through the foreft flow'd. 
 And a fmooth bed of fhining gravel iliow'd. 
 
 A covert fo obfcure, and ftreams fo clear. 
 The goddefs prais'd : " And now no fpies are near, 
 " Let's ftrip, my gentle maids, and wafli, {he cries. 
 Pleas'd with the motion, every maid complies j 
 Only the bluftiing huntreis ftood confus'd, 
 And form'd delays, and her delays excus'd,- 
 In vain excus'd : her fellows round her prefs'd. 
 And the reludant Nymph by force undrefs'd. 
 The naked huntrefs all her (hame reveal'd. 
 In vain her hands the pregnant womb conceal'd ; 
 " Begone! the goddefs cries with ftern difdain, 1 
 
 '^ Begone! nor dare the hallow'd ftream to ftain : > 
 
 She fled, for-ever banifli'd from the train. ^ 
 
 This 'Juno heard, who long had watch'd her time 
 To punifti the detefted Rival's crime j 
 The time was come : for, to enrage her more, 
 A lovely boy the teeming rival bore. 
 
 The goddefs caft a furious look, and cry'd, 
 *' It is enough! I'm fully fatisfy'd! 
 
 Z 2 " This
 
 172 Poems on fez^eral Occasions, 
 
 *' This boy (hall (land a living mark, to prove 
 *^ My husband's bafenefs, and the ftrumpet's love : 
 *' But vengeance fliall awake : thofe guilty charms^ 
 That drew the Thunderer from Juno's arms. 
 No longer fhall their wonted force retain. 
 Nor pleafe the God, nor make the Mortal vain. 
 
 
 This faid, her hand within her hair (lie wound, 
 Swung her to earth, and drag'd her on the ground : 
 The proftrate wretch lifts up her arms in prayer ^ 
 Her arms grow fhaggy, and deform'd with hair. 
 Her nails are fharpen'd into pointed claws. 
 Her hands bear half her weight, and turn to paws ,• 
 Her lips, that once could tempt a God, begin 
 To grow diftorted in an ugly grin. 
 And, left the lupplicating brute might reach 
 The ears of Jove^ ftie was depriv'd of fpeech: 
 Her furly voice thro' a hoarfe paftage came 
 In favage founds : her mind was ftill the fame. 
 The furry monfter fix'd her eyes above, 
 And heav'd her new unwieldy paws to Jove, 
 And beg'd his aid with inward groans j and tho' 
 She could not call him falfe, ihe thought him fo. 
 
 How did flie fear to lodge in woods alone, 
 And haunt the fields and meadows once her own! 
 How often would the deep-mouth'd dogs purfue, 
 Whilft from her hounds the frighted huntrefs flew! 
 How did fne fear her fellow-brutes, and fhun 
 The ihaggy Becu", tho' now her felf was one! 
 
 How
 
 F OEMS on feverai OccAsionjs* 17^ 
 
 How from the fight of rugged Wolves retire. 
 Although the grim Lycaon was her Sire ! 
 
 But now her fon had fifteen ftimmers tokl, 
 Fierce at the chafe, and in the forefl bold ,• 
 When, as he beat the woods in qucfl of prey, 
 He chanc'd to rouze his mother where fhe lay. 
 She knew her fon, and kept him in her fight. 
 And fondly gaz'd : The boy was in a fright, 
 And aim'd a pointed arrow at her breaft. 
 And would have flain his mother in the bcafl; 
 But Jove forbad, and fnatch'd 'em through the air 
 In whirlwinds up to heaven, and fix'd 'em there : 
 Where the new Conftellations nightly rife, 
 And add a luftre to the northern skies. 
 
 When Jmio faw the rival in her height, 
 Spangled with flats, and circled round with light. 
 She fought old Ocean in his deep abodes^ 
 And Teth'ys j both rever'd among the Gods. 
 They ask what brings her there : " Ne'er ask, fays flic. 
 
 What brings me here, Heaven is no place for me. 
 
 You'll fee, when night has cover'd all things o'er, 
 
 Jove's flarry baflard and triumphant whore 
 
 Ufiirp the heavens ,• you'll fee 'em proudly roul 
 
 In their new orbs, and brighten all the pole. 
 
 And who fliall now on Juno\ altars wait, 
 
 When thofe fhe hates grow greater by her hate ? 
 
 I on the Nymph a brutal form imprefs'd, 
 
 Jove to a goddefs has transform'd the bead ^ 
 
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 174- Poems on fe'veral Occasions. 
 
 *'-' This, this was all my weak revenge could do : 
 But let the God his chafte amours purfue. 
 And, as he aded after lo's rape, 
 Reftore th' adult'refs to her former (liape; 
 Then may he caft his Jtmo off, and lead 
 The great Lycaon's off-fpring to his bed. 
 But you, ye venerable powers, be kind. 
 And, if my wrongs a due refentment find. 
 Receive not in your waves their fetting beams. 
 Nor let the glaring flrumpet taint your ftreams. 
 
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 The goddefs ended, and her wifh was given. 
 Back {he return'd in triumph up to heaven ; 
 Her gawdy Peacocks drew her through the skies. 
 Their tails were fpotted with a thoufand Eyes ^ 
 The Eyes of ^rgm on their tails were rang'd. 
 At the fame time the Raven's colour chang'd. 
 
 The Story of Coronis, and Birth of 
 
 -^SCULAPIUS. 
 
 The Raven once in fiiowy plumes was dreft. 
 White as the whiteft Dove's unfully'd breaft. 
 Fair as the guardian of the Capitol, 
 Soft as the Swan ,• a large and lovely fowl ; 
 His tongue, his prating tongue had chang'd him quite 
 To footy blacknels from the pureft white. 
 
 The ftory of his change {hall here be told; 
 In TheJ/aiy there liv'd a Nymph of old, 
 
 Coroms
 
 Poems on fever al Occasions. 175: 
 
 Coroms nam'd ,• a peerlefs maid ftie {hin'd, 
 Confefl: the faireft of the fairer kind. 
 Apollo lov'd her, 'till her guilt he knew. 
 While true fhe was, or whilft he thought her true. 
 But his own bird the Raven chance'd to find 
 The falfe one with a fecret rival join'd. 
 Coroms begg'd him to fiippreis the tale. 
 But could not with repeated prayers prevail. 
 His milk-white pinions to the God he ply'd 5 
 The bufy Daw flew with him, fide by fide. 
 And by a thoufand teizing queftions drew 
 Th' important fecret from him as they flew. 
 The Daw gave honefl: counfel, tho' defpis'd. 
 And, tedious in her tattle, thus advis'd. 
 
 " Stay, filly bird, th' ill-natur'd task refiife, 
 
 ** Nor be the bearer of unwelcome news. 
 Be warn'd by my example : you difcern 
 What now I am, and what I was (hall learn. 
 My foolifli honefl:y was all my crime ^ 
 Then hear my ftory. Once upon a time. 
 The two-fhap'd Er'tSlhon'ms had his birth 
 (Without a mother) from the teeming earth y. 
 
 " Minerva nurs'd him, and the infant laid 
 
 " Within a chefl:, of twining ofiers made. 
 The daughters of King Cecrops undertook 
 To guard the chefl:, commanded not to look 
 
 " On what was hid within. I ftood to fee 
 
 " The charge obey'd, perch'd on a neighb'ring tree. 
 The fiftcrs Pamkofos and Herse keep 
 The ftirid: command ; Aglauros needs would peep;, 
 
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 176 Poems on federal Occasions. 
 
 " And faw the monftrous infant in a fright, 
 " And call'd her fifters to the hideous fight : 
 A Boy's foft fliape did to the waift prevail, 
 But the boy ended in a Dragon's tail. 
 I told the ftern Minerva all that pafs'd, 
 But for my pains, difcarded and difgrace'd, 
 The frowning goddeis drove me from her fight, 
 '^ And for her favorite chofe the bird of night. 
 " Be then no tell-tale ^ for I think my wrong 
 *' Enough to teach a bird to hold her tongue. 
 
 " But you, perhaps, may think I was remov'd, 
 As never by the heavenly maid belov'd : 
 But I was lov'd j ask Pallas if I lye ,• 
 Tho' Pallas hate me now, fhe won't deny : 
 For I, whom in a feather'd fhape you view, 
 Was once a Maid (by heaven the ftory's true) 
 A blooming maid, and a King's daughter too. 
 A crowd of lovers own'd my beauty's charms j 
 My beauty was the caufc of all my harms ; 
 Neptune, as on liis fiiores I went to rove, 
 Obferv'd me in my walks, and fell in love. 
 He made his courtfliip, he confe/s'd his pain. 
 And ofFer'd force when all his arts were vain ; 
 Swift he purfu'd : I ran along the ftrand, 
 'Till, fpcnt and weary'd on the finking land, 
 I ihriek'd aloud, with cries I fiU'd the air 
 To gods and n^en ; nor god nor man was there ; 
 A virgin goddeis heard a virgin's prayer. 
 " .For, as my Arms I lifted to the skies, 
 " I faw black feathers from my fingers rifej 
 
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 Poems on federal Occasions. 
 
 I drove to fling my garment on the ground ; 
 
 My garment turn'd to Plumes, and girt me round: 
 
 My hands to beat my naked bofom try; 
 
 Nor naked bofbm now nor hands had I. 
 
 Lightly I tript, nor weary as before 
 
 Sunk in the land, but skim'd along the fliore j 
 
 'Till, riling on my Wings, I was prefcr'd 
 
 To be the chafte Minerva's, virgin bird : 
 
 Prefer'd in vain! I now am in difc^race: 
 
 o 
 
 Ny^tmene the Owl enjoys my place. 
 
 *' On her inccftuous life I need not dwell, 
 (In Lesbos ftill the horrid tale they tell) 
 And of her dire amours you muft have heard, 
 For which fhc now docs penance in a Bird, 
 That, confcious of her fhame, avoids the light. 
 And loves the gloomy cov'ring of the night ; 
 The Birds, where-e'er (lie flutters, fcare away 
 The hooting wretch, and drive her from the day. 
 
 ^77 
 
 The Raven, urge'd by fuch impertinence, 
 Grew paflionate, it lecms, and took offence, 
 And curll the harmlefs Daw j the Daw withdrew : 
 The Raven to her injur'd patron flew. 
 And found him out, and told the fatal truth 
 Of falfe Coroms and the favour'd youth. 
 
 The God was wroth j the colour left his look. 
 The wreath his head, the harp his hand forfook : 
 His filvcr bow and fcather'd fliafts he took, 
 
 V o L. I, A a N, 
 
 
 And
 
 lyS Poems on fe^i'tral Occasions. 
 
 And lodg'd an arrow in the tender bread. 
 
 That had fo often to his own been preft. 
 
 Down fell the wounded Nymph, an^i fadly groan'd,. 
 
 And pull'd his arrow reeking from the wound ^ 
 
 And weltring in her blood, thus faintly cry'd, 
 
 '' Ah cruel God! tho' I have juftly dy'd, 
 
 *' What has, alas! my unborn Infmt done, 
 
 " That He fhould fall, and two expire in one r 
 
 This faid, in agonies fhe fetch'd her breath. 
 
 The God dilTolves in pity at her death ,• 
 He hates the bird that made her falfliood known. 
 And hates himfelf for what himfelf had done,- 
 The feather'd fhaft, that fent her to the fates, 
 And his own hand, that fent the fhaft, he hates. 
 Fain would he heal the wound, and eafe her pain. 
 And tries the compafs of his art in vain. 
 Soon as he faw the lovely Nymph expire. 
 The pile made ready, and the kindling fire. 
 With fighs and groans her obfecjuies he kept. 
 And, if a God could Weep, the God had Wept. 
 Her corps he kifs'd, and heavenly incenfe brought, 
 And folemniz'd the death himfelf had wrought. 
 
 But, left his off-fpring fliould her fate partake,. 
 Spifrht of th' immortal mixture in his make. 
 He ript her womb, and fet the child at large. 
 And gave him to the Centaur Chiron'^ charge : 
 Then in his fury Black'd the Raven o'er. 
 And bid him prate in his White plumes no more. 
 
 OCYRRHOE
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 179 
 OcYRRHOE transformed to a Mare. 
 
 old Chiron took the babe with fecret joy. 
 Proud of the charge of the celeftial boy. 
 His daughter too, whom on the fandy fliorc 
 The Nymph Char'tclo to the Centaur bore, 
 With hair diflievel'd on her (boulders came 
 To fee the child, Ocyrrhoe was her name,- 
 She knew her father's arts, and could rehearfe 
 The depths of prophecy in founding verfe. 
 Once, as the facred infant flie furvey'd. 
 The God was kindled in the raving Maid, 
 And thus fhe utter'd her prophetick tale ,• 
 
 Hail, great Phyfician of the world, all-hail ; 
 
 Hail, mighty infant, who in years to come 
 
 Shalt heal the nations, and defraud the tomb,- 
 
 Swift be thy growth! thy triumphs unconfin'd! 
 " Make kingdoms thicker, and increafe mankind. 
 
 Thy daring art fhall animate the Dead, 
 
 And draw the Thunder on thy guilty head : 
 
 Then Hialt thou die^ but from the dark abode 
 
 Rife up vidorious, and be Twice a God. 
 
 And thou, my Sire, not deftin'd by thy birth 
 
 To turn to dufl, and mix with common earth, 
 "^^ How wilt thou tofs, and ravc^ and long to die, 
 
 And quit thy claim to immortality; 
 
 When thou (halt feel, enrag'd with inward pains. 
 
 The Hydra's renom rankling in thy veins ? 
 
 A a 2 " The 
 
 
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 1 8o P E M s on fever al Occasions. 
 
 " The Gods, in pity, (hall contract thy date, 
 " And give thee over to the power of Fate. 
 
 Thus, entering into dcftiny, the maid 
 The fecrets of offended Jove betray'd : 
 More had {he ftill to fay ; but now appears 
 Opprefs'd with fobs and fighs, and drown'd in tears. 
 My voice, fays {he, is gone, my language fails j 
 Through every Hmb my Ivindred (hape prevails : 
 Why did the God this fatal gift impart, 
 '' And with prophetick raptures fwell my heart ! 
 " What new defires are thefe ? I long to Pace 
 O'er flowery meadows, and to feed on Grafs ^ 
 1 haften to a Brute, a Maid no more ,• 
 But why, alas ! am I transform'd all o'er ?■ 
 My Sire does Half a human fhape retain. 
 And in his upper parts preferves the Man. 
 
 
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 Her tongue no more diflindl complaints affords. 
 But in fhrill accents and mi{^{liapen words 
 Pours forth {iich hideous wailings, as declare 
 The Human fomi confounded in the Mare : 
 'Till by degrees accomplifli'd in the Beafl, 
 She neigh'd outright, and all the Steed exprefl. 
 Her flooping body on her hands is born, 
 Her hands are turn'd to hoofs, and fliocT in horn|. 
 Her yellow treffes ruffle in a mane. 
 And in a flowing tail flie frisks her train. 
 The Mare was finifh'd in her voice and look, 
 And a new name from the new figure took- 
 
 T&f
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. i8i 
 
 The Transformation of Battvs to a louch-flone. 
 
 Sore wept the Centaur, and to Phoebus pray'd j 
 But how could Phoebus give the Centaur aid ? 
 Degraded of his power by angry Jove^ 
 In Elis then a herd of Beeves he drove ,• 
 And wielded in his hand a ftafF of Oake, 
 And o'er his {houlders threw the Shepherd's cloafk ,• 
 On feven compaded reeds he us'd to play, 
 And on his rural pipe to wafte the day. 
 
 As once, attentive to his pipe, he play'd, 
 The crafty Hermes from the God convey'd 
 A Drove, that fep'rate from their fellows ftray'd. 
 The theft an old infidious Peafant view'd, 
 (They call'd him Battus in the neighbourhood) 
 Hire'd by a wealthy P<ylmn Prince to feed 
 His favourite Mares, and watch the generous breed. 
 The thievifh God fufpeded him, and took 
 The Hind afide, and thus in whifpers fpoke,- 
 Difcover not the theft, whoe'er thou be. 
 And take that milk-white heifer for thy fee. 
 Go, ftranger, cries the clown, fecurely on. 
 That ftone fhall fooner tell j and ihow'd a ftonc. 
 
 The God withdrew, but ftrait rcturn'd again. 
 In fpeech and habit like a country Swain ^ 
 And cries our, " Neighbour, haft thou feen a ftray 
 *' Of Bullocks and of Heifers pafs this way ? 
 
 In
 
 182 Poems on fevcral Occasions. 
 
 " III the recovery of my cattle join, 
 
 '' A Bullock and a Heifer fhall be thine. 
 
 The Peafant quick rephes, " You'll find 'em there 
 
 " In yon dark vale : and in the vale they >vere. 
 
 The Double bribe had his falfe heart beguil'd : 
 
 The God, fiiccefsful in the tryal, fmil'd ,• 
 
 " And doft thou thus betray my felf to Me? 
 
 " Me to my felf doft thou betray ? fays he : 
 
 Then to a Touch-Jione turns the faithleis Spy, 
 
 And in his name records his infamy. 
 
 The Story of Agi^avros, transformed into 
 
 a Statue. 
 
 This done, the God flew up on high, and pafs'd 
 O'er lofty Athens, by Minerva grace'd, 
 And wide Mnnichtay whilft his eyes fiarvcy 
 All the vaft region that beneath him lay. 
 
 'Twas now the feaft, when each Athenian Maid 
 Her yearly homage to Mtnerva paid ; 
 In canifters, with garlands cover'd o'er. 
 High on their heads their myftick gifts they bore : 
 And now, returning in a folemn train, 
 The troop of fliining Virgins fiU'd the plain. 
 
 The God wcll-pleas'd beheld the pompous (how. 
 And faw the bright proceflion pafs below ; 
 Then veer'd about, and took a* wheeling flight. 
 And hovcr'd o'er them : As the (preading Kite, 
 
 That
 
 Poems 0/2 T^wr^/ Occasions. 183 
 
 That fmells the flaughter'd vidim from on high, 
 FHes at a diftance, if the Priefts are nigh. 
 And fails around, and keeps it in her eye j 
 So kept the God the Virgin choir in view. 
 And in flow winding circles round them flew. 
 
 As Lucifer excells the meanefl ftar, 
 Or, as the fuU-orb'd Phoebe Lucifer-, 
 So much did Herse all the reft outvy. 
 And gave a grace to the folemnity. 
 Hermes was fir'd, as in the clouds he hung : 
 So the cold Bullet, that with fury flung 
 From Balear'ick engines mounts on high, 
 Glows in the whirl, and burns along the sky. 
 At length he pitch'd upon the ground, and (how'd 
 The form divine, the features of a God. 
 He knew their virtue o'er a female hearty 
 And yet he ftrives to better them by art. 
 He hangs his mantle loofe, and fets to fliow 
 The golden edging on the feam below ,• 
 Adjufts his flowing curls, and in his hand 
 Waves, with an air, the fleep-procuring wand ,* 
 The glittering findals to his feet applies. 
 And to each heel the well-trim'd pinion ties. 
 
 His ornaments with niccft art difplay'd, 
 He feeks th' apartment of the royal maid. 
 The roof was all with poliflf d Ivory line'd. 
 That, richly mix'd, in clouds of Tortoifc fliine'd. 
 
 Three
 
 1 84 Poems on jhoeral Occasions. 
 
 Three rooms, contiguous, in a range were place'd, 
 The miclmoil by the beauteous Herse grace'd j 
 Her virgin fifters lodo;'d on cither fide. 
 A^auros firft th' approaching God defcry'd, 
 And, as he crofs'd iier chamber, ask'd his name. 
 And what his bufinefs was, and whence he came. 
 I come, reply'd the God, from Heaven, to woo 
 Your filler, and to make an aunt of you ; 
 I am the fbn and melTenger of Jove, 
 My name is Mercury, my bufinefs Love j 
 Do you, kind damfel, take a lover's part, 
 And gain admittance to your filler's he^rt. 
 
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 she ftar'd him in the face with looks amaz'd, 
 As when llie on Minerva's fecret gaz'd. 
 And asks a mighty treafiire for her hire. 
 And, till he brings it, makes the God retire, 
 Minerva griev'd to fee the Nymph liicceed ; 
 And now remembring the late impious ^QQ.i\, 
 When, difobedient to her {lri6t command, 
 She touch'd the chcll with an unhallow'd hand j 
 In big-lwoln fighs her inward rage exprefs'd. 
 That hcav'd the rifinii ^^ojs on her breaft : 
 Then fought out Rnvy in her dark abode, 
 Defil'd with ropy gore and clots of blood : 
 Shut from the \^'inds, and from the wholefom skies. 
 In a deep vale the gloomy dungeon lies, 
 Diiinal and cold, where not a beam of light 
 Invades the winter, or difturbs the nights 
 
 Diredly
 
 Poems on fever al Occasions. i8 
 
 ? 
 
 Dire<5tly to the cave her courfe {he ftcer'd ; 
 Againft the gates her martial lance (he rear'd; 
 The gates flew open, and the Fiend appear'd. 
 A pois'nous morfcl in her teeth fhe chew'd. 
 And gorg'd the flefli of Vipers for her food. 
 Mtnei-va loathing, turn'd away her cyej 
 The hideous monfter, rifing heavily, 
 Came ftalking forward with a fullen pace. 
 And left her mangled offals on the place. 
 Soon as fhe faw the Goddefs gay and bright. 
 She fetch'd a groan at fiich a chearful fight. 
 Livid and meagre were her looks, her eye 
 In foul diftorted glances turn'd awry ,• 
 A hoard of gall her inward parts polfefs'd. 
 And fpread a greennefs o'er her canker'd bread ; 
 Her teeth were brown with ruft,- and from her tongue, 
 In dangHng drops, the ftringy poifbn hung. 
 She never fmiles but when the wretched weep. 
 Nor lulls her malice with a moment's fleep, 
 Reftlefs in fpite : while watchflil to deftroy. 
 She pines and fickens at another's joy j 
 Foe to her felf, diftrefifing and diftreft. 
 She bears her own tormenter in her bread. 
 The Goddefs gave (for fhe abhorr'd her fight) 
 A ihort command: " To Athens fpeed thy flight; 
 
 On curft Aglauros try thy utmoft art, 
 
 And fix thy rankefl: venoms in her heart. 
 This faid, her fpear fhe' pufh'd againft the ground, 
 And mounting from it with an adive bound, 
 
 Vol. I. B b Flew 

 
 i86 Poems on federal Occasions. 
 
 plew off to Heaven : The hag with eyes askew 
 
 Look'd up, and mutter'd curfes as flie flew ; 
 
 For fore <he fretted, and began to grieve 
 
 At the luccefs which (he her felf muft give. 
 
 Then takes her ftaff, hung round with wreaths of thorn. 
 
 And fails along, in a black whirlwind born. 
 
 O'er fields and flowery meadows : where (he fteers 
 
 Her baneful courfe, a mighty blafl; appears. 
 
 Mildews and blights j the meadows are deface'd, 
 
 The fields, the flowers, and the whole year laid wafte : 
 
 On mortals next, and peopled towns fhe falls. 
 
 And breathes a burning plague among their walls. 
 
 When Athens fhe beheld, for arts renown'd. 
 With peace made happy, and with plenty crown'd. 
 Scarce could the hideous Fiend from tears forbear;, 
 To find out nothing that deferv'd a tear. 
 Th' apartment now fhe enter'd, where at reft: 
 Aglauros lay, with gentle fleep opprefl. 
 To execute Mmewa's dire command, 
 She ftroak'd the virgin with her canker'd hand, 
 Then prickly thorns into her breafl convey'd. 
 That ftung to madnefs the devoted maid : 
 Her fubtle venom flill improves the fmart, 
 Frets in the blood, and feftcrs in the heart. 
 
 To make the work more fure, a fcene fhe drew, 
 And place'd before the dreaming virgin's view 
 Her Sifter's Marriage, and her glorious fate : 
 Th' imaginary Bride appears in flate j 
 
 The
 
 Poems on fe'veral Occasions. 187 
 
 The Bride-groom with unwonted beauty glows j 
 For Envy magnifies whate'er fhe fhows. 
 
 Full of the dream, A^auros pine'd away 
 In tears all night, in darknefs all the day ; 
 Conlum'd like ice, that jufl; begins to run. 
 When feebly fmitten by the diftant Sun ; 
 Or like unwholfome weeds, that {tt on fire 
 Are (lowly wafted, and in fmoke expire. 
 Given up to envy (for in every thought 
 The thorns, the venom, and the vifion wrought) 
 Oft did fhe call on death, as oft: decreed. 
 Rather than fee her fifter's wifti iucceed. 
 To tell her awfiil father what had paft : 
 At length before the door her felf ihe caft ,• 
 And, fitting on the ground with iiillen pride, 
 A paffage to- the love-fick God deny'd. 
 The God carefs'd, and for admiflion pray'd. 
 And footh'd in fofteft words th' envenom'd Maid. 
 In vain he footh'd j " Begone ! the Maid replies, 
 " Or here I keep my feat, and never rile. 
 ' Then keep thy feat for ever, cries the God, 
 And touch'd the door, wide-opening to his rod. 
 Fain would fhe rife, and ftop him, but flic found 
 Her trunk too heavy to forfake the ground ; 
 Her joynts are all benum'd, her hands are pale. 
 And Marble now appears in every nail. 
 As when a Cancer in the body feeds. 
 And gradual death from limb to limb proceeds ^ 
 
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 i88 Poems on feveral Occasions. 
 
 So does the chilnefs to each vital part 
 
 Spread by degrees, and creeps into her heart j 
 
 'Till hard'ning every where, and fpeechlefs grown. 
 
 She fits unmov'd, and freezes to a Stone. 
 
 But ftill her envious hue and fiiUen mien 
 
 Are in the fedentary figure feen. 
 
 E U R O P A V Rape- 
 When now the God his fiiry had allay'd, 
 And taken vengeance of the ftubborn Maid, 
 From where the bright Athenian turrets rife 
 He mounts aloft, and re-afcends the skies. 
 Jove faw him enter the fiiblime abodes. 
 And, as he mix'd among the crowd of Gods, 
 Beckon'd him out, and drew him from the reft. 
 And in foft whifpers thus his will expreft. 
 
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 " My trufty Hermes, by whofe ready aid 
 
 Thy Sire's commands are thro' the world convey'd, 
 
 Refiime thy wings, exert their utmoft force, 
 
 And to the walls oi Sidon (peed thy courie,- 
 
 There find a herd of Heifers wand'ring o'er 
 
 The neighbouring hill, and drive 'em to the Ihore. 
 
 Thus fpoke the God, concealing his intent. 
 The trufty Hermes on his mefTage went. 
 And found the herd of Heifers wand'rino: o'er 
 A neighbouring hill, and drove 'em to the fliore ,• 
 
 Where
 
 Poems on fever al Occasions. 189 
 
 Where the King's Daughter with a lovely train 
 Of Fellow-Nymphs, was /porting on the plain. 
 
 The dignity of empire laid afide, 
 (For love but ill agrees with kingly pride.) 
 The Ruler of the skies, the thundering God, 
 Who (hakes the world's foundations with a nod. 
 Among a herd of lowing Heifers ran, 
 Frisk'd in a Bull, and bellow'd o'er the plain. 
 Large rolls of fat about his flioulders clung, 
 And from his neck the double dewlap hung. 
 His skin was whiter than the fnow that lies 
 UnfuUy'd by the breath of fouthern skies ^ 
 Small fhining horns on his curl'd forehead Hand, 
 As turn'd and poliih'd by the work-man's hand; 
 His eye-balls roll'd, not formidably bright, 
 But gaz'd and languifh'd with a gentle light. 
 His every look was peaceful, and expreft 
 The foftnefs of the Lover in the Beaft. 
 
 Agemr'^ royal daughter, as {he play'd 
 Among the fields, the milk-white Bull fiirvey'd. 
 And view'd his jfpotlefs body with delight. 
 And at a diftance kept him in her fight. 
 At length fhe pluck'd the rifing flowers, and fed 
 The gentle beaft, and fondly ftroak'd his head. 
 He ftood well-pleas'd to touch the charming fair, 
 But hardly could confine his pleafure there. 
 And now he wantons o'er the neighbouring ftrand, 
 Now rowls his body on the yellow fandj 
 
 And
 
 190 Poems on feveral Occasions. 
 
 And now, perceiving all her fears decay'd. 
 
 Comes tofTing forward to the royal Maid ,• 
 
 Gives her his breaft to ftroke, and downward turns 
 
 His grifly brow, and gently ftoops liis horns. 
 
 In flowery wreaths the royal Virgin dreft 
 
 His bending horns, and kindly clapt his bread. 
 
 'Till now grown wanton, and devoid of fear. 
 
 Not knowing that fhe preft the Thunderer, 
 
 She place'd her felf upon his back,- and rode 
 
 O'er fields and meadows^ feated on the God. 
 
 He gently march'd along, and by degrees 
 Left the dry meadow, and approach'd the feas j 
 Where now he xlips his hoofs and wets his thighs, 
 Now plunges in, and carries off the prize. 
 The frighted Nymph looks backward on the flioar, 
 And hears the tumbling billows round her roar ^ 
 But ftill fhe holds him faft : one hand is born 
 Upon his back j the other grafps a horn : 
 Her train of ruffling garments flies behind, 
 Swells in the air, and hovers in the wind. 
 
 Through flofms and tempefls he the Virgin bore. 
 And lands her fafe on the D'lBean fhore j 
 Where now, in his divinefl form array'd. 
 In his True fhape he captivates the Maid ,- 
 Who gazes on him, and with wondering eyes 
 Beholds the new majeflick figure rife, 
 His glowing features, and celeftial light. 
 
 And all the God difcover'd to her fight. 
 
 O V I D's
 
 Poems on federal Occasions. 191 
 
 O V I D/s 
 
 METJ MO R THOSE S. 
 
 BOOK III. 
 
 I 
 
 7he Story of Cadmus. 
 
 WHEN now Agenor had his daughter loft. 
 He fent his fon to fearch on every coaft ; 
 And fternly bid him to his arms reftore 
 The darling maid, or fee his fac?e no more. 
 But live an exile in a foreign clime ^ 
 Thus was the father pious to a crime. 
 
 The reftlefs youth fearch'd all the world around 5 • 
 But how can 'Jcwe in his amours be found ? 
 When tir'd at length with unfuccejfsful toil. 
 To (hun his angry Sire and native foil, 
 He goes a fiippliant to the Delphick dome ; 
 There asks the God what new-appointed home 
 
 Should
 
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 192 Poems on fcveral Occasions. 
 
 Should end his wand'rings, and his toils relieve. 
 The Delphkk oracles this anfwer give. 
 
 " Behold among the fields a lonely Cow, 
 ' Unworn with yokes, unbroken to the plow • 
 
 Mark well the place where firft (he lays her down. 
 
 There meafure out thy walls, and build thy town. 
 
 And from thy guide B<£otm call the land, 
 " In which the deftin'd walls and town fhall ftand. 
 
 No fooner had he left the dark abode. 
 Big with the promile of the Delphick God, 
 When in the fields the fatal Cow he view'd. 
 Nor gall'd with yokes, nor worn with fervitude : 
 Her gently at a diftance he purfu'd ^ 
 And, as he walk'd aloof, in filence pray'd 
 To the great Power whofe counfels he obey'd. 
 Her way through flowery Pampe {he took. 
 And now, Cephtfus^ crofs'd thy filver brook j 
 When to the Heavens her Ipacious front fhe rais'd. 
 And bellow'd thrice, then backward turning gaz'd 
 On thofe behind, 'till on the deftin'd place 
 She ftoop'd, and couch'd amid the rifing grafs, 
 
 Cadmus falutes the foil, and gladly hails 
 The new-found mountains, and the namelefs vales. 
 And thanks the Gods, and turns about his eye 
 To fee his new dominions round him lye ^ 
 Then fends his fervants to a neighbouring grove 
 For living ftreams, a facrifice to Jove, 
 
 O'er
 
 Poems on federal Occasions, 193 
 
 O'er the wide plain there rofe a {hady wood 
 
 Of aged trees j in its dark bofom flood 
 
 A bufhy thicket, pathlefs and unworn, 
 
 O'er-run with brambles, and perplex'd with thorn : 
 
 Amidft: the brake a hollow Den was found. 
 
 With rocks and {helving arches vaulted round. 
 
 Deep in the dreary Den, conceal'd from day, 
 Sacred to Mars, a mighty Dragon lay. 
 Bloated with poi(bn to a monftrous fize ; 
 Fire broke in flalhes when he glance'd his eyes : 
 His towering creft was glorious to behold. 
 His fhoulders and his fides were fcal'd with gold ; 
 Three tongues he brandifh'd when he charg'd his foes ; 
 His teeth flood jaggy in three dreadful rows. 
 The Tyrtam in the Den for water fought. 
 And with their urns explor'd the hollow vault : 
 From fide to fide their empty urns rebound. 
 And roufe the fleepy Serpent with the found. 
 Strait he beflirs him, and is (een to rife ^ 
 And now with dreadful hiflings fills the skies. 
 And darts his forky tongues, and rouls his glareing eyes. 
 The Tytans drop their veffels in the fright. 
 All pale and trembling at the hideous fight. 
 Spire above fpire uprcar'd in air he flood, 
 And gazing round him, over-look'd the wood : 
 Then floating on the ground, in circles rowl'd ; 
 Then leap'd upon them in a mighty fold. 
 Of fuch a bulk, and fiich a monftrous fize. 
 The Serpent in the polar circle lyes. 
 That ftrctches over half the Northern skies. 
 Vol. I. C c
 
 194 Poems on federal Occasions. 
 
 In vain the Ty'ians on their arms rely. 
 In vain attempt to fight, in vain to f^y : 
 All their endeavours and their hopes are vain j 
 Some die entangled in the winding train ^ 
 Some are devour'd; or feel a loathfom death,, 
 Swoln up with blafts of peftilential breath. 
 
 And now the fcorching Sun was mounted high. 
 In all its luftre, to the noon-day sky j 
 When, anxious for his friends, and fill'd with cares. 
 To fearch the woods th' impatient Chief prepares. 
 A Lion's hide around his loins he wore, 
 The well-pois'd Jav'lin to the field he bore 
 Inur'd to blood j the far-deftroying Dart 
 And, the beft weapon,, an vmdaunted Heart. 
 
 Soon as the youth approach'd the fatal place. 
 He faw his fervants breathlefs on the grafs ; 
 The fcaly foe amid their corps he view'd, 
 Basking at cafe, and feafting in their blood. 
 " Such friends, he cries, deferv'd a longer date 5 
 " But Cadmus will revenge, or ftiare their fate. 
 Then heav'd a Stone, and rifing to the thi'ow, 
 He fent it in a whirlwind at the foe : 
 A tower, affaulted by fo rude a ftroke, 
 With all its lofty battlements had fhook ,• 
 But nothing here th' unwieldy rock avails, 
 Rebounding harmlefs from the plaited fcales. 
 That, firmly join'd, preferv'd him from a wound, 
 With native armour crufted all around. 
 
 The
 
 V OEMS on fevcral Occasions. ipy 
 
 The pointed Jav'Iin more jfiiccelsful flew. 
 Which at his back the raging warriour threw ; 
 Amid the plaited (cales it took its courfe. 
 And in the fpinal marrow fpent its force. 
 The monfter hifs'd aloud, and rage'd in vain. 
 And writh'd his body to and fro with pain ,• 
 And bit the fpear, and wrench'd the wood away ; 
 The point ftill buried in the marrow lay. 
 And now his rage, increafing with liis pain. 
 Reddens his eyes, and beats in every vein ; 
 Churn'd in his teeth the foamy venom rofe, 
 Whilft from his mouth a blafl: of vapours flows. 
 Such as th' infernal St'^gtan waters cafl:,- 
 The plants around him wither in the blaft. 
 Now in a maze of rings he lies enrowl'd. 
 Now all unravel'd, and without a fold ,• 
 Now, hke a torrent, with a mighty force 
 Bears down the foreft: in his boifterous courfe. 
 Cadmus gave back, and on the Lion's fpoil 
 Suftain'd the fliock, then force'd him to recoil ; 
 The pointed Jav'Iin warded off his rage : 
 Mad with his pains, and furious to engage. 
 The Serpent champs the fl:eel, and bites the fpear, 
 'Till blood and venom all the point befmear. 
 But ftill the hurt he yet receive'd was flight ,• 
 For, whilft the Champion with redoubled might 
 Strikes home the Jav'Iin, his retiring foe 
 Shrinks from the wound, and difappoints the blow. 
 
 Cc 2 The
 
 15)6 P o E M s 0^ feveral Occasions, 
 
 The liauntlefs Heroe ftill purfiies his ftroke,. 
 And prelTes forward, 'till a knotty Oak 
 Retards his foe, and flops him in the rear ,' 
 Full in his throat he plunge'd the fatal {pear. 
 That in th' extended neck a paffage found. 
 And pierce'd the folid timber through the wound. 
 Fix'd to the reeling trunk, with many a ftroke 
 Of his huge tail, he lafh'd the fturdy Oak; 
 'Till fpent with toil, and labouring hard for breath. 
 He now lay twifting in the pangs of death. 
 
 Cadmus beheld him wallow in a flaod 
 Of fwimming poifon, intermix'd with blood ,• 
 When (uddenly a /peech was heard from high, 
 (The fpeech was heard, nor was the ipeaker nigh) 
 " Why doft thou thus with fecret pleafiire fee, 
 " Infulting man ! what thou thy felf fhalt be ? 
 Aftonifh'd at the voice, he flood amaz'd. 
 And all around with inward horror gaz'd r 
 When Pallas fwift defcending from the skies, 
 PallaSy the guardian of the bold and wife, 
 Bids him plow up the field, and fcatter round 
 The Dragon's Teeth o'er all the furrow'd ground\; 
 Then tells the youth how to his wondering eyes 
 Embattled armies from the field fliould rife. 
 
 He fows the Teeth at Pallas's command. 
 And flings the Future People from his hand. 
 
 The
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. i^j 
 
 The clods grow warm, and crumble where he fows j 
 And now the pointed fpears advance in rows ,• 
 Now nodding plumes appear, and fliining crefts. 
 Now the broad jfhoulders and the rifing breads ,- 
 O'er all the field the breathing harveft fwarms, 
 A growing hoft, a crop of men and arms. 
 
 So through the parting flage a figure rears 
 Its body up, and limb by limb appears 
 By juft degrees ^ 'till all the Man arife. 
 And in his full proportion ftrikes the eyes. 
 
 Cadmus furpriz'd, and ftartled at the fight 
 Of his new foes, prepare'd himfelf for fight : 
 When one cry'd out, " Forbear, fond man, forbear 
 " To mingle in a blind promifcuous war. 
 This faid, he ftruck his Brother to the ground, 
 Himfelf expiring by Another's wound ; 
 Nor did the Third his conquefl: long furvive. 
 Dying e'er fcarce he had begun to live. 
 
 The dire example ran through all the field, 
 'Till heaps of brothers were by brothers kill'd j 
 The fiirrows fwam in blood : and onely five 
 Of all the vaft- increafe were left alive. 
 Rch'ton one, at Pallas'% command. 
 Let fall the guiltlefs weapon from his hand j 
 And with the reft a peacefiil treaty makes, 
 Whom Cadmus as his friends and partners takes : 
 
 So
 
 19^ Poems on fever a I Occasions. 
 
 So founds a city on the promis'd earth, 
 .And gives his new Boeotian empire birth. 
 
 Here Cadmus reign'dj and now one would have guefs't 
 The royal founder in his exile bleft : 
 Xong did he live within his new abodes, 
 Ally'd by marriage to the deathleis Gods ; 
 .And, in a fruitful wife's embraces old, 
 A long increafe of children's children told: 
 But no frail man, however great or high. 
 Can be concluded bleft before he die. 
 
 ABdeon was the firft of all his race, 
 Who griev'd his Grandfire in his borrowed face j 
 Condemn'd by ftern Diana to bemoan 
 The branching horns, and vifage not his own ; 
 To fliun his once-lov'd dogs, to bound away. 
 And from their Huntfman to become their Prey. 
 And yet confider why the change was wrought. 
 You'll find it his misfortune, not his fault j 
 Or if a fault, it was the fault of chance : 
 Tor hov/ can guilt proceed from ignorance ? 
 
 The Irans formation of Action into a Stag, 
 
 In a fair Chace a iliady mountain ftood. 
 Well ftore'd with game, and mark'd with trails of blood. 
 Here did the huntfmen 'till the heat of day 
 Pmfue the Stag, and load themfelves with prey j 
 
 When
 
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 Poems on feveral Occasions. 199 
 
 When thus Aclaon caUing to the reft : 
 
 My friends, fays he, our Iport is at the beft. 
 The Sun is high advance'd, and downward ftieds 
 His burning beams dire<Stly on our heads j 
 Then by confent abftain from further ipoils. 
 Call off the dogs, and gather up the toiles j 
 And e'er to morrow's Sun begins his race, 
 " Take the cool morning to renew the chace. 
 They all confent, and in a chearfiil train ^ 
 
 The jolly huntfmen, loaden with the {lain, r 
 
 Return in triumph from the fultry plain. j 
 
 Down in a vale with Pine and Cypreis clad, 
 Refrefh'd with gentle winds, and brown with {liade. 
 The chafte Diana's private haunt, there ftood 
 Full in the centre of the darkfome wood 
 A fpacious Grotto, all around o'er-grown 
 With hoary mofs, and arch'd with Pumice-ftone. 
 From out its rocky clefts the waters flow, 
 And trickling fwell into a lake below. 
 Nature had every where fo play'd her part. 
 That every where fhe feem'd to vie with Art. 
 Here the bright Goddefs, toil'd and chafe'd with heat. 
 Was wont to bathe her in the cool retreat. 
 
 Here did fhe now with all her train refort, 
 Panting with heat, and breathlels from the fport ; 
 Her armour-bearer laid her bow afide. 
 Some loos'd her fandals, fome her veil unty'd ; 
 
 Each
 
 2CO F OEMS on federal Occasions. 
 
 Each bufy Nymph her proper part undrefl ; 
 While Crocaky more handy than the reft, 
 Gather'd her flowing hair, and in a noofe 
 Bound it together, whilft her own hung loo/e. 
 Five of the more ignoble Ibrt by turns 
 Fetch up the water, and unlade their urns. 
 
 Now all undreft the (hining Goddefs ftood. 
 When young ABaoriy wilder'd in the wood. 
 To the cool grott by his hard fate betray'd. 
 The fountains fill'd with naked Nymphs iurvey'do 
 The frighted virgins fhriek'd at the furprize, 
 (The foreft echo'd with their piercing cries.) 
 Then in a huddle ix)Und their Goddefs preft: 
 She, proudly eminent above the reft, 
 With blufhes glow'd ,• iuch blufties as adorn 
 The ruddy welkin, or the purple morn ,• 
 And tho' the crowding Nymphs her body hide. 
 Half backward ftirunk, and view'd him from afide. 
 Surpriz'd, at firft Hie would have fnatch'd her Bow, 
 But fees the circling waters round her flow j 
 Thefe in the hollow of her hand fhe took. 
 And dafti'd 'em in his face, while thus ftie fpoke : 
 Tell if thou can'ft the wonderous fight difclos'd, 
 A Goddefs Naked to thy view expos'd. 
 
 
 This faid, the Man begun to difappear 
 By flow degrees, and ended in a Deer. 
 A rifmg horn on either brow he wears, 
 And ftretches out his neck, and pricks his ears ,• 
 
 Rough
 
 Poems on fez^eral Occasions. 201 
 
 Rough is his skin, with fudden hairs o'cr-grown, 
 
 His bofom pants with fears before unknown. 
 
 Transform'd at length, he flies away in haft, 
 
 And wonders why he flies away (o faft. 
 
 But as by chance, within a neighbouring brook. 
 
 He faw his branching horns and aker'd look. 
 
 Wretched ABaon / in a doleful tone 
 
 He try'd to ipeak, but only gave a groan j 
 
 And as he wept, within the wat'ry glafs '^ 
 
 He faw the big round drops, with filent pace, ^ 
 
 Run trickling down a favage hairy face. \ 
 
 What fhould he do ? Or feek his old abodes. 
 
 Or herd among the Deer, and skulk in woods ? 
 
 Here (hame diffuades him, there his fear prevails, 
 
 And each by turns his aking heart aflails. 
 
 As he thus ponders, he behind him fpies 
 His opening Hounds, and now he hears their cries: 
 A generous pack, or to maintain the chacc. 
 Or fnuff the vapour from the fccnted grafs. 
 
 He bounded off with fear, and fxviftly ran 
 O'er craggy mountains, and the flowery plain ,- 
 Through brakes and thickets forc'd his way, and flew 
 Through many a ring, where once he did purine. 
 In vain he oft endcavour'd to proclaim 
 His new misfortune, and to tell his name ; 
 Nor voice nor words the brutal tongue fupplies j 
 From flioutinjT men, and horns, and dogs he flies, 
 Deafen'd and ftunn'd with their promifcuous cries. 
 • Vol. I. D d When
 
 1^02 Poems on feveral Occasions. 
 
 when now the fleeteft of the pack, that preft 
 
 Clofe at his heels, and fprung before the reft. 
 
 Had faften'd on him, ftraight another pair 
 
 Hung on his wounded haunch, and held him there, 
 
 'Till all the pack came upj and every hound 
 
 Tore the fad Huntfman grov'ling on the ground. 
 
 Who now appear'd but one continu'd wound. 
 
 With dropping tears his bitter fate he moans. 
 
 And fills the mountain with his dying groans. 
 
 His fervants with a piteous look he fpies. 
 
 And turns about his fupplicating eyes. 
 
 His fervants, ignorant of what had chanc'd. 
 
 With eager hafte and joyful fhouts advanc'd. 
 
 And call'd their Lord ABiCon to the game : 
 
 He fhook his head in anfwer to the name ; 
 
 He heard, but wifh'd he had indeed been gone, 
 
 Or only to have ftood a looker on. 
 
 But, to his grief, he finds himfelf too near, 7 
 
 And feels his rav'nous dogs with fury tear ^ 
 
 Their wretched mafter panting in a Deer. j 
 
 7he Birth ^Bacchus. 
 
 AB£on\ fufferings, and Diana's rage. 
 Did all the thoughts of Men and Gods engage j 
 Some call'd the evils, which Diana wrought. 
 Too great, and difproportion'd to the fault : 
 Others again efteem'd A5iceon's woes 
 Fit for ii Virgin Goddefs to impofe. 
 
 . ' The
 
 Poems on fever d Occasions. 203 
 
 The hearers into different parts divide. 
 And reafbns are produc'd on either fide. 
 
 Juno alone, of all that heard the news, 
 Nor would condemn the Goddefs, nor excuie : 
 She heeded not the juftice of the deed. 
 But joy'd to fee the race oi Cadmus bleed; 
 For ftill fhe kept Ewopa in her mind, 
 And, for her fake, detefted all her kind. 
 Befides, to aggravate her hate, fhe heard 
 How Semeky to Jove^s embrace prefcrr'd. 
 Was now grown big with an immortal load, 
 And carry'd in her womb a future God. 
 Thus terribly incens'd, the Godde(s broke 
 To fudden fury, and abruptly Ipoke. 
 
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 " Are my reproaches of fo fmall a force ? 
 
 'Tis time I then purfiie another courfe ; 
 
 It is decreed the guilty wretch fhall die, 
 
 If I'm indeed the Miftrefs of the sky ; 
 
 If rightly ftil'd among the powers abov^ 
 
 The Wife and Sifter of the thundering Jove j 
 
 (And none can fure a Sifter's right deny) 
 
 It is decreed the guilty wretch Ihall die. 
 
 She boafts an honour I can hardly claim ; 
 
 Pregnant fhe rifes to a Mother's name ,• 
 
 While proud and vain (he triumphs in her Jovey 
 
 And fhows the glorious tokens of his love : 
 
 But if I'm ftill the miftrefs of the skies, 
 
 By her own lover the fond beauty dies. 
 
 D d 1 This
 
 2 04 Poems on federal Occasions. 
 
 This faid, defcending in a yellow cloud. 
 Before the gates of Semek fhe flood. 
 
 Old Beroe's decrepit fliape {he wears, 
 Her wrinkled vifage, and her hoary hairs ,• 
 Whilfb in her trembling gait {he totters on, 
 And learns to tattle in the Nurfe's tone. 
 The Goddeis, thus difguis'd in age, beguil'd 
 With pleafing ftories her falfe Fofler-child. 
 Much did {he talk of love, and when {he came 
 To mention to the Nymph her lover's name, 
 Fetching a figh, and holding 'down her head, 
 'Tis well, fays {he, if all be true that's faid. 
 But truft me, child, I'm much inclin'd to fear 
 Some counterfeit in this your Jupiter. 
 Many an honefl well-defigning maid. 
 Has been by thefe pretended Gods betray'd. 
 But if he be indeed the thundering Jove^ 
 Bid him, when next he courts the rites of love, 
 Dcfcend triumphant from th' etherial sky, 
 In all the pomp of his divinity; 
 Encompafs'd round by thofe celeflial charms. 
 With which he fills th' immortal Juno's arms. 
 
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 Th' unwary Nymph, enfnar'd with what {he faid, 
 Defir'd of Jove, when next he fought her bed, 
 To grant a certain gift which {he would chufe ^ 
 " Fear not, reply'd the God, that I'll refufc 
 " Whate'er you ask : May Styx confirm my voice, 
 *' Chufe what you will, and you {liall have your choice. 
 
 " Then,
 
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 205 
 
 " Then, fays the Nymph, when next you feek my arms. 
 May you defcend in thofe celeflial charms. 
 With which your Jtmo's bofom you enflamc. 
 And fill with traniport Heaven's immortal dame. 
 The God fiirpriz'd would fain have.ftopp'd her voice: 
 But he had f\vorn, and {he had made her choice. 
 
 To keep his promife he afcends, and flirowds 
 His awful brow in whirlwinds and in clouds ; 
 Whilft all around, in terrible array, 
 His thunders rattle, and his light'nings play. 
 And yet, the dazling luftre to abate. 
 He fet not out in all his pomp and (late. 
 Clad in the mildeft lightning of the skies. 
 And arm'd with thunder of the fmalleft fize : 
 Not thofe huge bolts, by which the Giants flain 
 Lay overthrown on the Phlegrean plain. 
 'Twas of a Iclfer mould, and lighter weight y 
 They call it Thunder of a Second-rate. 
 For the rough Cyclops, who by Jove's command 
 Temper'd the bolt, and turn'd it to his hand, 
 Work'd up lefs flame and fury in its make, 
 And quench'd it fooner in the (landing lake. 
 Thus dreadfully adorn'd, with horror bright, ) 
 
 Th'illuftrious God, defcending from his height, > 
 
 Came rufhing on her in a ftorm of light. _ j 
 
 The mortal dame, too feeble to engage 
 The light'ning's flallies, and the thunder's rage, 
 
 ConfunVd
 
 2o6 Poems on feveral O c c A s i o N s. 
 
 Confum'd amidft the glories flic defir'd. 
 And in the terrible embrace expir'd. 
 
 But, to prefer ve his ofF-fpring from the tomb, 
 Jove took him (moaking from the biafted womb.j 
 And, if on ancient tales we may rely, 
 Inclos'd th' abortive infant in his thif^h. 
 Here, when the babe had all his time fulfill'dj 
 Im firft took him for her Fofter-cliild ^ 
 Then the N'lfeam^ in their dark abode, 
 Nurs'd fecretly with milk the thriving God, 
 
 The Transformation ^/ T i r e s i A s. 
 
 'Twas now, while thefe tranfa<5tions paft on earth, 
 And Bacchus thus procur'd a fecond birth. 
 When Jovdy difpos'd to lay afide the weight 
 Of publick empire, and the cares of ftate ; 
 As to his Qiieen in nedar bowls he quaff 'd. 
 
 In troth, fays he, and as he fpoke he laugh'd. 
 The fenfe of pleafure in the male is far 
 More dull tmd dead, than what you females fliare. 
 Juno the truth of what was faid deny'd j 
 Ttrefias therefore muft the caufe decide ; 
 Vox he the pleafure of each fex had try\l. 
 
 It happen'd once, within a fhady wood. 
 Two twilled Snakes he in conjundion view'd ; 
 When with his ftaff their ilimy fokk he broke, 
 And loft his manhood at the fatal ftroke. 
 
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 1? OEMS on feveral Occasions. 207 
 
 But, after feven revolving years, he view'd 
 
 The felf-fame Serpents in the fclf-lame wood ; 
 And if, fays he, fuch virtue in you lye. 
 That he who dares your (limy folds untie 
 Muft change his kind, a fecond ftroke I'll try. 
 
 Again he ftruck the Snakes, and flood again 
 
 New-fex'd, and ftrait recovered into Man. 
 
 Him therefore both the deities create 
 
 The foveraign umpire in their grand debate j . 
 
 And he declar'd for Jove : When Jum fir'd. 
 
 More than fo trivial an affair requir'd, 
 
 Depriv'd him, in her fury, of his fight. 
 
 And left him groping round in fudden night. 
 
 But Jove (for fo it is in Heaven decrec'd. 
 
 That no one God repeal another's deed,) 
 
 Irradiates all his foul with inward light, 
 
 And with the prophet's art relieves the want of fight. 
 
 The Transformation of ¥. c u o. 
 
 Fam'd far and near for knowing things to come. 
 From him th' enquiring nations fought their doom 5 
 The fair L'lr'tope his anfwers try'd. 
 And firfl th' unerring prophet juflify'dj 
 This Nymph the God Ceph'tfiis had abus'd. 
 With all his winding waters circumfiis'd. 
 And on the Nereid got a lovely boy. 
 Whom the foft maids even then beheld with joy. 
 
 The tender dame, follicitous to know 
 Whether her child fhould reach old age or no^
 
 2 o8 P o E M s on fe'veral Occasions. 
 
 Confiilts the fage Twejias, who repHes, 
 '' If e'er he knows himfelf, he furely dies. 
 Long hv'd the dubious mother in fufpence, 
 'Till time unriddled all the prophet's fenfe. 
 
 NaralJus now his fixteenth year began, 
 Jiid turn'd of boy, and on the verge of man,- 
 Many a friend the blooming youth carefs'd. 
 Many a love-fick maid her flame confefs'd : 
 Such was his pride, in vain the "friend carefs'd. 
 The lovc-fick maid in vain her flame confefs'd. 
 
 Once, in the woods, as he purfu'd the chace. 
 The babbling Echo had defcry'd his face ; 
 She, who in other's words her fdence breaks, 
 Nor f|3eaks her felf but when another fpeaks. 
 Echo was then a maid, of fpecch bereft. 
 Of wonted ipeech ^ for tho' her voice was left, 
 Juno a curie did on her tongue impofc, 
 To fport with every fentence in the clofe. 
 Full often when the Goddefs might have caught 
 Jove and her rivals in the very fault. 
 This Nymph with flibtle (lories would delay 
 Her coming, 'till the lovers flipp'd away. 
 The Goddeis found out the deceit in time. 
 And then flie cry'd, " That tongue, for this thy crime, 
 " Which could i'o many Hibtle tales produce, 
 " Shall be hereafter but of little ufe. 
 Hence 'tis ihe prattles in a fainter tone, 
 With mimick founds, and accents not her own. 
 
 This
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 205^ 
 
 This love-fick Virgin, over-joy'd to find 
 The Boy alone, ftill foUow'd him behind ; 
 When glowing warmly at her near approach. 
 As fulphur blazes at the taper's touch. 
 She long'd her hidden paflion to reveal, 
 And tell her pains, but had not Words to tell : 
 She can't Begin, but waits for the rebound. 
 To catch his voice, and to Return the found. 
 
 The Nymph, when nothing could Narc'tffus move. 
 Still dafli'd with blufhes for her flighted love, 
 Liv'd in the {hady covert of the woods. 
 In fblitary caves and dark abodes ; 
 Where pining wander'd the rejeded fair, 
 'Till harrafs'd out, and worn away with care, 
 The founding skeleton, of blood bereft, 
 Befides her bones and voice had nothing left. 
 Her bones are petrify'd, her voice is found 
 Jn vaults, where ftill it Doubles every found. 
 
 Ihe Story <?/^Narcissus. 
 
 Thus did the Nymphs in vain carefs the Boy, 
 He ftill was lovely, but he ftill was coy j 
 When one fair Virgin of the flighted train ll 
 
 Thus pray'd the Gods, provok'd by his difdain, ^ 
 
 " Oh may he love like me, and love like me in vain! j 
 
 Rhamnnfia pity'd the pcglecftcd fair. 
 And with juft vengeance anfwer'd to her prayer. 
 
 Vol. I. E e There
 
 i 
 
 210 Poems on fever a I Occasions. 
 
 There ftands a fountain in a darkfom wood. 
 Nor ftain'd with falling leaves nor riling mud j 
 Untroubled by the breath of winds it rcfts, 
 UnluUy'd by the touch of men or beafts ,- 
 High bowers of fliady trees above it grow. 
 And rifmg grafs and chearful greens below. 
 Pleas'd with the form and coolnefs of the place, 
 And over-heated by the morning chace, 
 
 Narctffm on the graffie verdure lyes : '1 
 
 But whilft within the chryftal fount he tries 
 
 To quench his heat, he feels new heats arife. 
 
 For as his own bright image he furvey'd. 
 
 He fell in love with the fantaftick fhadc j 
 
 And o'er the fair lefemblancc hung unmov'd. 
 
 Nor knew, fond youth ! it was himfelf he lov'd. 
 
 The well-turn'd neck and flioulders he defcries. 
 
 The fpacious forehead, and the iparkling eyes ; 
 
 The hands that Bacchus might not fcorn to flioWj. 
 
 And hair that round u^pollo's head might flow,, 
 
 With all the purple youthfulncis of face. 
 
 That gently blufhes in the wat'ry glals. 
 
 By his own flames confum'd the lover lyes. 
 
 And gives himfelf the wound by which he dies. 
 
 To the cold water oft he joins his lips. 
 Oft catching at the beauteous ihade he dips 
 His arms, as often from himfelf he flips. 
 Nor knows he who it is his arms purjfiie 
 With eager clafps, but loves he knows not who. 
 
 What
 
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 F OEMS on feveral Occasions, 211 
 
 What could, fond youth, this helplefs paflion move ? 
 
 What kindle in thee this unpity'd love ? 
 
 Thy own warm blufli within the water glows. 
 
 With thee the colour'd fhadow comes and goes. 
 
 Its empty being on thy felf relies ; 
 
 Step thou afide, and the frail charmer dies. 
 
 Still o'er the fountain's wat'ry gleam he flood, 
 Mindlefs of fleep, and negligent of food ; 
 Still view'd his face, and languiflVd as he view'd. 
 At length he rais'd his head, and thus began 
 To vent his griefs, and tell the woods his pain. 
 " You trees, fays he, and thou furrounding grove, 
 *' Who oft have been the kindly fcenes of love, 
 " Tell me, if e'er within your fhades did lye 
 " A youth fo tortur'd, fo perplex'd as I? 
 " I who before me fee the charming fair, 
 " Whilft there he flands, and yet he ftands not there : 
 
 In fuch a maze of love my thoughts are lofl; 
 
 And yet no bulwark'd town, nor diftant coaft, 
 
 Preferves the beauteous youth from" being feen, 
 
 No mountains rife, nor oceans flow between. 
 
 A fhallow water hinders my embrace j 
 
 And yet the lovely mimick wears a face 
 
 That kindly fmiles, and when I bend to join 
 
 My hps to his, he fondly bends to mine. 
 *' Hear, gentle youth, and pity my complaint, 
 
 Come from thy well, thou fair inhabitant. 
 
 My charms an eafy conquefl: have obtain'd 
 
 O'er other hearts, by thee alone difdain'd. 
 
 Ee 2 " But 
 
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 212 V OEMS cn feveral OccAsroNs 
 
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 But why fliould I defpair ? I'm fure he burns 
 With equal flames, and languishes by turns, 
 When-e'er I ftoop he offers at a kifs, 
 And when my arms I ftretch, he ftretches his. 
 His eyie with pleafure on my face he keeps, 
 He fmiles my fmiles, and when I weep he weeps. 
 When-e'er I fpeak, his moving Hps appear 
 " To utter fomething, which I cannot heat. 
 
 " Ah wretched me! 1 now begin toa late. 
 
 To find out all the long-perplex'd deceit y 
 
 It is my felf I love, my felf I fee ; 
 
 The gay delufion is a part of me. 
 " I kindle up the fires by which I burn. 
 
 And my own beauties from the well return. 
 
 Whom ihould I court ? how utter my complaint ? 
 
 Enjoyment but produces my reftraint, 
 
 And too much plenty makes me die for want. 
 
 How gladly would I from my (elf remove! 
 ^' And at a diftance fet the thin^ I love. 
 
 My breaft is warm'd with fuch unufual fife, 
 
 I wifh him abfent whom I moft defire. 
 
 And now I faint with grief; my fate draws high 3 
 
 In all the pride of blooming youth I die. 
 
 Death will the forrows of my heart relieve. 
 
 might the vifionary youth furvive, 
 
 1 (liould with joy my lateft breath refign! 
 But oh! I fee his fite involv'd in mine.. 
 
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 This faid, the weeping youth again return'd 
 To 'the clear fountain, where again he burn'd 5
 
 
 Poems on fe-veral Occasions. 213 
 
 His tears deface'd the furface of the well 
 With circle after circle, as they fell : 
 And now the lovely face but half appears, 
 O'er-run with wrinkles, and deform'd with tears, 
 
 Ah whither, cries Narajfus^ dofl thou fly ? 
 
 Let me ftill feed the flame by which I die; 
 
 Let me ftill fee, tho' I'm no further bleft. 
 Then rends his garment off, and beats his breaft : 
 His naked bofom reddcn'd with the blow, 
 In fuch a blufli as purple clufters fliow, 
 li'er vet the Sun's autumnal heats refine 
 
 4 
 
 Their iprightly juice, and mellow it to wine. 
 The glowing beauties of his breaft he Ipies, 
 And with a new redoubled paflion dies. 
 As Wax diffolves, as Ice begins to run. 
 And trickle into drops before the Sun; 
 So melts the youth, and languifties away, 
 His beauty withers, and his limbs decay ; 
 And none of thofe attrad:ive charms remain. 
 To which the flighted Kcho /ii'd in vain. 
 
 She law him in his prefent mifery, 
 Whom, fpight of all her wrongs, ftie griev'd to fee.i 
 She anlwer'd fadly to the lover's moan, 
 Sigh'd back his fighs, and groan'd to every groan : 
 
 Ah youth ! belov'd in vain, Naraffus cries ; 
 
 Ah youth! belov'd in vain, the Nymph replies. 
 
 Farewel, fays he ; the parting found fcarce fell 
 From his faint lips, but flie reply'd, " Farewel, 
 
 Then 
 
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 214- Poems on fewral Occasions. 
 
 Then on th' unwholfome earth he gafping lyes, 
 'Till death fhuts up thofe felf-admiring eyes. 
 To the cold fhades his flitting ghoft retires. 
 And in the Stygian waves it felf admires. 
 
 For him the Naiads and the Dryads mourn, 
 Whom the fad Echo anfwers in her turn j 
 And now the Sifter-Nymphs prepare his urn : 
 When, looking for his corps, they only found 
 A rifing Stalk, with Yellow Bloflbms crown'd. 
 
 Ihe Story ^Pentheus. 
 
 This fad event gave blind T'trefias fame, 
 Through Greece eftabliih'd in a Prophet's name. 
 
 Th'un-hallow'd Pentheus only durft deride 
 
 The cheated people, and their eyelefs guide. 
 
 To whom the Prophet in his fury faid. 
 
 Shaking the hoary honours of his head j 
 
 'Twere well, prefumptuous man, 'twere well for thee 
 
 If thou wert eyelefs too, and blind, like me : 
 
 For the time comes, nay, 'tis already here, 
 
 When the young God's folemnities appear 5 
 
 Which if thou doft not with juft rites adorn, ~) 
 
 Thy impious carcafs, into pieces torn, > 
 
 Shall ftrew the woods, and hang on every thoril. \ 
 
 Then, then, remember what I now foretel, 
 
 And own the blind Tirefias faw too well. 
 
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 Poems ^;7 y^i;(?r^/ Occasions. 215 
 
 Still Penthem fcorns him, and derides his skill, 
 
 But Time did all the Prophet's threats fulfil. 
 
 For now thro' proftrate Greece young Bacchus rode, 
 
 Whilfl howling matrons celebrate the God. 
 
 All ranks and fexes to his Orgtes ran, 
 
 To mingle in the pomps, and fill the train. 
 
 When Penthem thus his wicked rage expreis'd ; 
 
 What madnefs, Thehans, has your Ibuls pofTefs'd?- 
 Can hollow timbrels, can a drunken fliour. 
 And the lewd clamours of a beaftly rout. 
 Thus quell your courage ? can the weak alarm' 
 Of women's yells thofe ftubborn fouls difarm, 
 Whom nor the fword nor trumpet e'er could fright. 
 
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 *' Nor the loud din and horror of a fight ? 
 
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 ii. 
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 And you, our Sires, who left your old abodes. 
 
 And fix'd in foreign earth your country Gods j 
 
 Will you without a ftroak your city yield, 
 
 And poorly quit an undifputed field ? 
 
 But you, whofe youth and vigour fhould infpire 
 *' Heroi'ck warmth, and kindle martial fire, 
 " Whom burnifh'd arms and crefted helmets grace, 
 *' Not flowery garlands and a painted face^ 
 " Remember him to whom you (land ally'd : 
 *' The Serpent for his well of waters dy'd. 
 " He fought the ftrong ; do you his courage fliow, 
 " And gain a conqueft o'er a feeble foe. 
 " l( Theses muO: h\\ J oh might the fates afford 
 " A nobler doom from famine, fire, or fword f 
 " Then might the Theham pcrifh with renown ; 
 " But now a beardlefs vidor facks the town ,• 
 
 .« Whom
 
 21 6 VoiE^us on federal Occasions, 
 
 ^' Whom nor the prancing ftecd, nor pond'rous {hield, 
 
 " Nor the hack'd helmet, nor the dufty field, 
 
 " But the foft joys of luxury and eafe, 
 
 *' The purple vefts, and flowery garlands pleafe. 
 
 " Stand then afide, I'll make the counterfeit 
 
 " Renounce his God-head, and confefs the cheat. 
 
 " Acr'ifms from the Grecian walls repeli'd 
 
 " This boafted power j why then fliould Pentheus yield? 
 
 " Go quickly, drag th' audacious boy to me ,• 
 
 " I'll try the force of his divinity. 
 
 Thus did th' audacious v/retch thofe rites profane ^ 
 'His friends diffuade th' audacious wretch in vain ^ 
 
 In vain his Grandfire urg'd him to giye o'er 
 ;.His impious threats j the wretch but raves the more. 
 
 So have I feen a river gently glide. 
 In a fmooth courfe, and inoffenfive tidej 
 But if with dams its current we reftraipj 
 It bears down all, and foams along the plain. 
 
 But now his fervants came befmear'd with blood. 
 Sent by their haughty Prince to feize the God ,• 
 The God they found not in the frantick throng, 
 But dragg'd a zealous votary along. 
 
 7he Mariners transform d to Dolphins- 
 
 Him Pentheus view'd with fury in his look, 
 And fcarce with-held liis hands, wliile thus he fpoke : 
 
 ■ti 
 
 Vile
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 217 
 
 
 Vile flave! whom /peedy vengeance {hall purfue, 
 
 And terrify thy bafe feditious crew : 
 " Thy country, and thy parentage reveal, 
 " And, why thou join'ft in thefe mad Orgies ^ tell. 
 
 The captive views him with undaunted eyes. 
 And, arm'd with inward innocence, replies. 
 
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 From high Meoma's rocky fhores I came. 
 Of poor defcent, Acoetes is my name : 
 My Sire was meanly born ; no oxen plow'd 
 His fruitful fields, nor in his paftures low'd. 
 His whole eftate within the Waters lay • 
 With lines and hooks he caught the finny prey. 
 *' His art was all his livelihood ; which he 
 ** Thus with his dying lips bequeath'd to me : 
 In ftreams, my boy, and rivers take thy chance j 
 There fwims, faid he, thy whole inheritance. 
 
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 " Long did I live on this poor legacy ,• 
 
 'Till tir'd with rocks, and my own native sky. 
 
 To arts of navigation I inclin'd ^ 
 
 Obferv'd the turns and changes of the wind: 
 
 Learn'd the fit havens, and began to note 
 
 The ftormy Hyades^ the rainy Goaty 
 
 The bright Taygete^ and the fliining Bears, 
 
 " With all the failor's catalogue of ftars. 
 
 D 
 
 " Once, as by chance for Delos I dcfign'd. 
 My veffel, driv'n by a ftrong guft of wind. 
 Vol. I. F f " Moor'd
 
 !2i8 Poems on feveral Occasions. 
 
 *' Moor'd in a Ch'ian creek ; afhore I went. 
 And all the following night in Chios fpent. 
 When morning rofe, I fent my mates to bring 
 Supplies of water from a neighb'ring fpring, 
 Whilft I the motion of the winds explor'd j 
 Then fummon'd in my crew, and went aboard.. 
 Opheltes heard my iummons, and with joy 
 Brought to the fiioar a foft and lovely Boy, 
 With more than female fweetnefs in his look, 
 Whom draggling in the neighb'ring fields he took. 
 With fumes of wine the little captive glows. 
 And nods with fleep, and flaggcrs as he goes.. 
 
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 a 
 
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 " I view'd him nicely, and began to trace 0' 
 
 Each Heavenly feature, each Immortal grace, ^ 
 
 And faw Divinity in all his face. y 
 
 I know not who, faid I, this God fliould be 3 
 But that he is a God I plainly fee : 
 And thou, who-e'er thou art, excufe the force 
 Thefc men have us'd ; and oh befriend our courfe ? 
 Pray not for us, the nimble DtSys cry'd, 
 Di&'ys, that could the Main-top-maft beftride,. 
 And down the ropes with adive vigour Hide. 
 To the fame purpofe old Epopeus fpoke, 
 
 it 
 if. 
 
 a 
 
 " Who over-look'd the oars, and tim'd the ftroke,- 
 *^ The fame the Pilot, and the fame the reft^ 
 
 a- 
 
 Such impious avarice their fouls poffeft. 
 Nay, Heaven forbid that I fliould bear away 
 Within my velfel fo divine a prey, 
 
 --.•1 
 
 '' Said
 
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 (C 
 
 (I 
 
 Poems on fe'veral Occasions. 219 
 
 Said I ; and flood to hinder their intent : 
 
 When Lycabas^ a wretch for murder fcnt 
 
 From Tufcany^ to jfiifFcr banifliment, 
 *' With his clench'd fift had flruck me over-board, 
 " Had not my hands in falling grafp'd a cord. 
 
 " His bafe confederates the fad; approve ; 
 When Bacchus^ (for 'twas he) begun to move, 
 Wak'd by the noife and clamours which they rais'd ; 
 " And {hook his drowfie limbs, and round him gaz'd : 
 
 * What means this noife ? he cries ; am I betray'd ? 
 
 * Ah ! whither, whidier muft I be convey'd ? 
 
 * Fear not, faid Prorem^ child, but tell us where 
 
 * You wifh to land, and trufl our friendly care. 
 
 * To Naxos then dircd: your courfe, faid hej 
 
 * Naxos a hofpitable port fhall be 
 
 * To each of you, a joyful home to me. 
 " By every God, that rules the fea or sky, 
 " The perjur'd villains promife to comply, 
 *'^ And bid me haflen to unmoor the fhip. 
 
 With eager joy I launch into the deep,- 
 And, heedlefs of the fraud, for Naxos fland : 
 They whifper oft, and beckon with the hand. 
 And give me figns, all anxious for their prey, 
 To tack about, and fleer another way. 
 ' Then let fome other to my poft fiicceed, 
 
 * Said I, I'm guiltlefs of fo foul a deed. 
 
 * What, fays Ethalion, mufl the fhip's whole crew 
 
 * Follow your humour, and depend on you i 
 
 Viz " And 

 
 220 Poems on Jez'erd Occasions. 
 
 *' And ftrait himfelf he featcd at the prore, 
 " And tack'd about, and fought another fhore. 
 
 " The beauteous youth now found himfelf betray'd, 
 *' And from the deck the riling waves furvey'd, 
 ''^ And feem'd to weep, and as he wept he faid ; 
 
 * And do you thus my eafy faith beguile ? 
 ' Thus do you bear me to my native ifle ? 
 
 * Will luch a multitude of men employ 
 
 * Their ftrength againft a weak defencelefs boy ? 
 
 " In vain did I the God-like youth deplore, 
 *' The more I begg'd, they thwarted me the more, 
 " And now by all the Gods in Heaven that hear 
 This folemn oath, by Bacchus felf, I fwear. 
 The mighty miracle that did enfiie, 
 Althoujrh it feems beyond belief, is true. 
 The vcffel, fix'd and rooted in the flood, 
 Unmov'd by all the beating billows ftood. 
 In vain the Mariners would plow the main 
 With fails unfurl'd, and ftrike their oars in vainj 
 Around their oars a twining Ivy cleaves. 
 And climbs the maft, and hides the cords in leaves 
 The fails are cover'd with a chearful green, 
 " And Berries in the fruitful canvafe feen. 
 " Amidft the waves a (lidden forreft rears 
 " Its verdant head, and a new ipring appears. 
 
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 " The God we now behold with open'd eyesj 
 ** A herd of fpotted Panthers round him lyes 
 
 '' In
 
 a 
 
 Poems on fcveiral Occasions. 221 
 
 In glaring forms ; the grapy clufters fpread 
 On his fair brows, and dangle on his head. 
 And whilft he frowns, and brandifhes his fpear, 
 My mates, furpriz'd with madnefs or with fear, 
 Lcap'd over-board j firft perjur'd Madon found 
 Rough Scales and Fins his ftifF'ning fides furround • 
 Ah what, cries one, has thus transform'd thy look I 
 Strait his own mouth grew Wider as he fpokej 
 And now himfelf he views with like furprize. 
 Still at his oar th' induftrious L'tly^s plies ,• 
 But, as he plies, each bufy arm flirinks in. 
 And by degrees is fafhion'd to a Fin. 
 Another, as he catches at a cord, 
 Miffes his arms, and, tumbling over-board. 
 With his broad Fins and Forky Tail he laves 
 The rifing iurge, and flounces in the waves. 
 Thus all my crew transform'd around the fhip. 
 Or dive below, or on the fiirface leap, 
 And fpout the waves, and wanton in the deep. 
 Full nineteen Sailors did the fliip convey, 
 A {liole of nineteen Dolphins round her play, 
 I only in my proper fhape appear, 
 Speechlefs with wonder, and half dead with fear^ 
 'Till Bacchus kindly bid me fear no more. 
 With him I landed on the Ch'ian (hore^ 
 And him fhall ever gratefully adore. 
 
 n 
 
 *' This forging flave, fays Pentheusj would prevail;, 
 O'er our jufl fury by a far-fetch'd tale : 
 
 '' Go;
 
 
 222 Poems on fewral Occasions. 
 
 Go, let him feel the whips, the fwords, the fire. 
 
 And in the tortures of the rack expire, 
 Th' officious {^rvants hurry him away, 
 And the poor captive in a dungeon lay. 
 But, whilft the whips and tortures are prepar'd. 
 The gates fly open, of themfelves unbarr'd 5 
 At liberty th' unfetter'd Captive {lands. 
 And flings the loofen'd fliackles from his hands. 
 
 The Death ^Pentheus. 
 
 But Pentheus^ grown more furious than before, 
 Refolv'd to fend his meffengers no more. 
 But went himfelf to the difl:ra<5ted throng, 
 Where high Ctthceron echo'd with their fong. 
 And as the fiery War-horfe paws the ground. 
 And fnorts and trembles at the trumpet's found j 
 Tranfported thus he heard the frantick rout. 
 And rav'd and madden'd at the diftant fliout. 
 
 A jfpacious circuit on the hill there ftood. 
 Level and wide, and skirted round with wood ,- 
 Here the rafli Pentheus^ with unhallow'd eyes. 
 The howling dames and myflick Orgies fpies. 
 His mother ft:ernly view'd him where he fl:ood. 
 And kindled into madnefs as flie view'd : 
 Her leafy Jav'lin at her fon flie cafl:. 
 And cries, '' The Boar that lays our country wafte! 
 " The Boar, my Sifters! aim the fatal dart, 
 " And ftrike the brrndled monfter to the heart. 
 
 Pentheus
 
 Poems on feveral Occasions. 223 
 
 Penthem aftonifh'd heard the difmal found, 
 And (tts the yelHng matrons gath'ring round ; 
 He fees, and weeps at his approaching fate. 
 And begs for mercy, and repents too late. 
 " Help, help! my aunt Autome^ he cry'dj. 
 " Remember how your own AEiaon dy'd. 
 Deaf to his cries, the frantick matron crops 
 One ftretch'd-out arm, the other Ino lops. 
 In vain does Pentheus to his mother iue. 
 And the raw bleeding flumps prefents to view : 
 His mother howl'd j and, heedlefs of his prayer. 
 Her trembling hand (he twifted in his hair, 
 " And this, fhe cry'd, Ihall be Agave's fliare. 
 When from the neck his ftruggling head (he tore. 
 And in her hands the ghaftly vifage bore. 
 With plealure all the hideous trunk furvey ; 
 Then puU'd and tore the mangled limbs away, 
 As ftarting in the pangs of death it lay. 
 Soon as the wood its leafy honours cafts, 
 Blown off and fcatter'd by autumnal blafts, 
 With fuch a fuddcn death lay Pentheus flain. 
 And in a thoufand pieces ftrow'd the plain. 
 
 By fo diftinguifliing a judgment aw'd, 
 The Thebans tremble, and confefs the God. 
 
 «?5«»' 
 
 The
 
 224 Poems on fcveral Occasions.^ 
 
 The Story of Salmacis and Her- 
 
 MAPHRODITUS. 
 
 From the Fourth Book of Ovid's Metamorphofes. 
 
 How SalmaciSy with weak enfeebling ftreams 
 Softens the body, and unnerves the Hmbs, 
 And what the fecret caufe, fliali here be fhown ; 
 The caufe is fecret, but th' ejfFe!5t is known. 
 
 The Naiads nurft an infant heretofore. 
 That C^therea once to Hermes bore : 
 From both th' illuftrious authors of his race 
 The child was nam'd j nor was it hard to trace 
 Both the bright Parents through the Infant's face. 
 When fifteen years, in Ida^^ cool retreat, 
 The Boy had told, he left his native feat, 
 And fought frefli fountains in a foreign foil : 
 The pleafure leifen'd the attending toil. 
 With eager fteps the L'yc'tan fields he croft, 
 And fields that border on the Lyc'ian coaft ,- 
 A river here he view'd fo lovely bright, ^ 
 
 It fhew'd the bottom in a fairer Hght, ^ 
 
 Nor kept a fand conccal'd from human fight. \ 
 
 The
 
 Poems on ftz'eral Occasions. 225 
 
 The ftrcam produc'd nor flimy ooze, nor weeds. 
 
 Nor miry rufhes, nor the fpiky reeds ,• 
 
 But dealt enriching moifture all around, ") 
 
 The fruitful banks with chearful verdure crown'd, \> 
 
 And kept the fpring eternal on the ground. \ 
 
 A Nymph prefides, nor praftis'd in the chace. 
 
 Nor skilful at the bow, nor at the race ; 
 
 Of all the blue-ey'd daughters of the main. 
 
 The only ftrangcr to Diana's train : 
 
 Her Sifters often, as 'tis faid, wou'd cry 
 
 " Fie SalmactSy what always idle! fie, 
 
 " Or take thy Quiver, or thy Arrows feizc, 
 
 " And mix the toils of hunting with thy eafe. 
 
 Nor Quiver {he nor Arrows e'er wou'd feize. 
 
 Nor mix the toils of hunting with her eafe. 
 
 But oft would bathe her in the chryftal tide. 
 
 Oft with a comb her dewy locks divide ,- 
 
 Now in the limpid ftreams flie view'd her face, 
 
 And dreft her image in the floating glais : 
 
 On beds of leaves {he now repos'd her limbs. 
 
 Now gather'd flowers that grew about her ftreams ,• 
 
 And then by chance was gathering, as {he ftood 
 
 To view the Boy, and long'd for what {he view'd. 
 
 Fain wou'd {lie meet the youth with hafty ^^cty 
 She fain wou'd meet him, but refus'd to meet 
 Before her looks were fet with niceft care, 
 And well de{erv'd to be reputed fiir. 
 " Bright youth, {he cries, whom all thy features prove 
 *' A God, ando if a God, the God of love ; 
 
 Vol. I. G g " But
 
 226 Poems m fe^veral Occasions. 
 
 *' But if a Mortal, bleft thy Nurfe's breaft, 
 
 " Bleft are thy Parents, and thy Sifters bleft : 
 
 '* But oh how bleft ! how more than bleft thy Bride^ 
 
 ** Ally'd in blils, if any yet ally'd. 
 
 " If fo, let mine the Stoln enjoyments be; 
 
 *' If not, behold a wiUing Bride in me. 
 
 The Boy knew nought of love, and toucht with fhame,. 
 He ftrove, and bluftit, but ftill the blufli became : 
 In rifing blufties ftill frefti beauties rofe; 
 The funny fide of Fruit iuch blufties ftiows. 
 And fuch the Moon, when all her filver white 
 Turns in eclipfes to a ruddy light. 
 The Nymph ftill begs, if not a nobler blifs, 
 A cold falute at leaft, a Sifter's kifs : 
 And now prepares to take the lovely Boy 
 Between her arms. He, innocently coy. 
 Replies, " Or leave me to my felf alone, 
 '^' You rude uncivil Nymph, or 111 be gone. 
 " Fair ftranger then, fays (lie, it ftiall be fo; 
 And, for flie feaf d liis threats, ftie feign'd to go- 
 But hid within a covert's neighbouring green. 
 She kept him ftill in fight, her felf unfeen. 
 
 The Boy now fancies all the danger o'er. 
 
 And innocently fports about the ftiore. 
 
 Playful and wanton to the ftream he trips, 
 
 And dips his foot, and ftiivers, as he dips. 
 
 The coolnefs pleas'd him, and with eager haft'e 
 
 His airy garments on tlie banks lie caft ; 
 
 His
 
 Poems on fe-jcral Occasions. 227 
 
 His godlike features, and his heavenly hue. 
 
 And all his beauties were expos'd to view. 
 
 His naked limbs the Nymph with raptiu-e fpics, "^ 
 
 While hotter paflions in her bofom rife, 
 
 Flufh in her cheeks, and fparkle in her eyes. 
 
 She longs, flie burns to clafp him in her arms. 
 
 And looks, and fighs, and kindles at his charms^ 
 
 ? 
 
 Now all undreft upon the banks he ftood. 
 And clapt his fides, and leapt into the flood : 
 His lovely limbs the filver waves divide. 
 His limbs appear more lovely through the tide 5 
 As Lilies fhut within a chryflal cafe. 
 Receive a gloiTy luftre from the glafs. 
 " He's mine, he's all my own, the Na'id cries. 
 And flings off all, and after him fhe flies. 
 And now fhe faflens on him as he f\vims. 
 And holds him clofe, and wraps about his limbs. 
 The more the Boy refiftcd, and was coy. 
 The more fhe dipt, and kift the flrugling Boy. 
 So when the wrigling Snake is fhatcht on high 
 In Eagle's claws, and liiffes in the sky. 
 Around the foe his twirling tail he flings. 
 And twifls her legs, and writhes about her wings. 
 
 The refllefs Boy flill obftinately flirovc 
 To free himfelf, and flill refused her love. 
 
 Amidft his limbs fhe kept her limbs intwin'd, ^ 
 
 " And why, coy youth, fhe cries, why thus unkind ! S 
 
 ^'^ Oh may the Gods thus keep us ever ]oin'd! ) 
 
 Gg I '' Oh
 
 !228 Poems en federal Occasions. 
 
 " oh may we never, never Part again •' 
 
 So pray'd the Nymph,' nor did {lie pray in vain : 
 
 For now (lie finds him, as his Hmbs {lie pre{l. 
 
 Grow nearer {lill, and nearer to her breaft ^ 
 
 'Till, piercing each the other's fiefli, they run 
 
 Together, and incorporate in One : 
 
 La{l in one face are both their faces join'd. 
 
 As when the {lock and grafted twig combin'd 
 
 Shoot up the fame, and wear a common rind : 
 
 Both bodies in a fingle body mix, 
 
 A fmgle body vvdth a double fex. 
 
 The Boy, thus lo{l in Woman, now {urvey'd 
 The river's guilty {Iream, and thus he pray'd. 
 (He pray'd, but wonder'd at his fofter tone, 
 Surpriz'd to hear a voice but half his own) 
 You Parent-Gods, whofe heavenly names I bear;^ 
 Hear your Hermaphrodite, and grant my prayer ; 
 Oh grant, that whomfoe'er thefc {Ireams contain,, ^ 
 
 If Man he enter'd, he may rife again 
 Supple, unfinew'd, and but Half a Man! 
 
 The heavenly Parents an{wer'd, from on high. 
 Their two-{l'iap'd fon, the double votary j 
 Then gave a {ecrct virtue to the flood, 
 And ting'd its fource to make his wi{lics good. 
 
 <, 
 
 NOTES
 
 NOTES. 
 
 229 
 
 NO T E S 
 
 O N 
 
 Some of the foregoing Stories in 
 O V I D V Met amor phofes. 
 
 On the Story of PnAETONr page 150. 
 
 THE Story of Phaeton ts told with a greater air of majefly 
 and grandeur than any other in all Ovid. It is indeed 
 the mofl important fuhjeB he treats of except the Deluge ^ and J 
 cannot but believe that this is the Conflagration he hints at in the 
 firfl Book', 
 
 Efle quoque in fatis reminifcitur afFore tempus 
 Quo mare, quo tellus, Correptaque Regia coeli 
 Ardeat et mundi moles operofa laboret. 
 
 {tho" the learned apply thofe verfes to the future burning of the 
 world) for it fully anfwers that defcription, if the 
 
 — Cceli miferere tui, circumfpica utrumquc, 
 Fumac utcrque polus. 
 
 *.)" 
 
 Fumat
 
 230 NOTES. 
 
 Fumat uterque polus — comes up to Correptaque Regia coeli . 
 
 Befides H is Ovid''5 cujiom to prepare the reader for a following 
 fior^y by giving fome intimattcns of it in a foregoing one, which 
 was more particularly necejfary to be done before he led m into fo 
 ftrange a Jlory as this he is now npon. 
 
 P. 150. 1. 7. For in the portal, ferV.] We have here the pi- 
 Bure of the univerfe drawn in little. 
 
 BaliEnarumque prementem 
 
 v£geoaa fuis immunia terga lacertis 
 
 .^geon makes a diverting figure in it. 
 
 • Facies non omnibus Una 
 
 Nee Diverfa tamen : qualem ckcct efTe Ibrorum. 
 
 The thought is very pretty ^ of giving Dons and her daughters fuch 
 a difference in their looks as is natural to different perfonsy and 
 jet fuch a likenefs as JJjow'd their affinity. 
 
 Terra viros, urbefque gerit, fylvaique, ferafque, 
 Fluminaque, et Nymphas, et caster a numina Ruris. 
 
 The lefs important figures are well huddled together in the pro- 
 mifcuous defcription at the end, which very well reprefents what 
 the Painters call a Grouppe. 
 
 Circum caput omne micantes 
 
 Depofuit radios j propiufque accedere juffir. 
 
 P. 151. 1. 9. And flung the blaze, &'c.'\ It gives us a great 
 image of Phoebus, that the youth was forced to look on him at a 
 
 dijlance^
 
 NOTES. 231 
 
 dtjiance, and not able to approach him Hill he had lain afide the 
 circle of rays that cajl fuch a glory about his head. And indeed 
 we may every where obferve in Ovid, that he never fails o[ a due 
 Loftinefs in his Ideas, tho" he wants it in his Words, And this t 
 think infinitely better than to have fubUme exprejjions and mean 
 thoughts J which is generally the true charaBer of Claudian and 
 Statius. But this is not confider'd by them who run down Ovid 
 in the grofsy for a low middle way of writing. What can be more 
 
 ftmple and unadorned., than his defcription of Enceladus in the 
 
 fixth book? 
 
 Nititur ille quidem, pugnatque refurgere fepe, 
 Dextra fed Aufanio manus eft fubjeda Peloro, 
 Larv^a Pachyne tibi, Lilibxo crura premuntur, 
 Degravat ^tna caput, fub qua refupinus arenas 
 Ejec^at, flammamque fero vomit ore Typha:us. 
 
 But the image we have here is truly great and fublime, of a Gi- 
 ant vomiting out a temped of fire^ and heaving up all Sicily_, 
 with the body of an I/land upon his Breajlj and a vaft Promoyitory 
 on either Arm. 
 
 There are few books that haz>e had worfe Commentators on them 
 than Ovid'j Metamorphoiis. Thofe of the graver fort have been 
 wholly taken up in the Mythologies, and think they have appeared 
 very judiciom., if they have (hewn us out of an old author that 
 Ovid is miflaken m a Pedigree^ or has turned f?K:h a perfon into 
 a Wolf that ought 10 have been made a Tiger. Others have em^- 
 ployed thernfelves on what never entered into the Poet's thoughts^ 
 in adapting a dull moral to every Jiory, and making the perfons of 
 his poems to be only nick-names for fuch virtues or vices -^ particu- 
 larly the pious Commentator.^ Alexander Rofs, has dived deeper 
 mto our Author's defign than any of (he rcjl • fcr he d-fcoicys in. 
 
 him
 
 232 NOTES. 
 
 htm the greatefi myftenes of the Chrifi'ian religion^ and finds al- 
 mofl hi every page fome typical reprefentattnns of the World^ the 
 Fleflo and the Devil. But if thefs writers have gone too deep^ 
 others have been wholly employed m the fur face ^ mojl of them fer- 
 v'mg only to help out a School- boy in the conflruing part j or if 
 they ffo out of their way^ it is only to mark out the Gnoma^ of the 
 Author^ as they call the m^ which are generally the heaviefl pieces 
 of a Voet^ dtflinguijhed from the rejl by Italian charaBers. The 
 bejl of Chad'5 Expofitors is he that wrote for the Dauphin'j ufe, 
 zvho has very welljhewn the meaning of the author^ but feldom 
 reflecls on his beauties or imperfeSions j for in mofi places he ra- 
 ther a'cls the Geographer than the Critick^ and inflead of pointing 
 cut the finenefs of a defcription, only tells you in what part of the 
 zvorld the place is fituated. I Jhall therefore only confider Ovid 
 under the charaBer of a Poety and endeavour to Jhew him im- 
 partiality ^ without the ufual prejudice of a Tran/lator -^ which 1 am 
 the more willing to do^ becaufe I believe fuch a comment would 
 vive the reader a truer tafle of poetry than a comment on any other 
 Poet wotid do j for in refleBing on the ancient Poets , men think 
 they may venture to praife all they meet with in fome , and fear ce 
 any thing in others j but Ovid is confefi to have a mixture of both 
 kinds J to have fomething of the befl and worfl poets, and by con- 
 feqiience to be the fairejlfubjeBforcriticifm. 
 
 P. 152. I. 22. My fon, fays he, ^c] Phoebus'.^ fpeech is 
 very nobly ufioefd in y w///? //j?^ Terqne quaterque Concutiens 11- 
 
 Liftre caput and ivell reprefents the danger and difficulty of 
 
 the undertaking j but that which is its peculiar beauty^ and makes 
 it truly OvidV, is the reprefenting them jufi as a father wou'd to 
 his young fon ^ 
 
 Per tamen adverfi gradieris cornua Tauri, 
 Hicn^oniofque arcus, violentique ora Leonis, 
 
 S*icvaqu£
 
 NOTES. 235 
 
 Sa:vaque circuitu curvantem brachia longo 
 Scorpion, atque aliter curvantem brachia Cancrum. 
 
 for one while he fear es him with bugbears m the way^ 
 
 -Vafti quoque rector Olympi, 
 
 ^11 f era terr'ibili jaculetur fulmma D extra 
 
 Non agat hos currus ,• et quid Jove majm habetur 7 
 
 Deprccor hoc unum quod vero nomine Poena, 
 
 Non honor eft. Pooiam, Phaeton ^ pro miinere fofc'is. 
 
 and in other places perfeEihj tattles like a Father y which by the way 
 makes the length of the fpeech very natural, and concludes with 
 all the fondnefs and concern of a tender Parent. 
 
 -Patrio Pater effe metu prober, afpice vultus 
 
 Ecce meos : utinamque oculos in pedore poffes 
 Inferere, et Patrias intus deprendere curas! ^c, 
 
 P. 155. 1. 2. A golden axle, &'c.'\ Ovid has more turns and 
 repetitions m his words than any of the Latin Poets, which are al- 
 ways wonderfully eafie and natural in him. The repetition of 
 Aureus, and the tranfition to Argenteus, tn the defcription of the 
 Chariot y give thefe verfes a great fweetnefs and majejly. 
 
 Aureus Axis erat, temo Aureus, Aurea fummx 
 Curvatura Rota: ,• radiorum Argenteus ordo. 
 
 Ibid. 1. penult. Drive 'em not on dircdly, ^6".] Several have 
 endeavoured to vindicate 0\\iii agamfl the old objeclion, that he 
 mijiakes the annual for the diurnal motion of the Sun. The Dau- 
 phin'5 notes tell us that Ovid knew very well the Sun did not pafs 
 
 Vol. I. H h through
 
 234- NOTE S. 
 
 throu^ all the Siigns he names m one day^ hut that he makes Plioe- 
 bus mention them only to frighten Phaeton from the tmdertahng. 
 But though this may anfwer for what Phoebus fays tn hisjirfi fpeech, 
 it cannot for what ts fatd m thiSy where heis aBually givmgdirecli- 
 on^for his journey^ and plainly 
 
 Sedus in obHquum eft lato Curvamine limes. 
 Zonarumque trium contentus fine pokimque 
 EfFugit auftralem, jundamquc Acjuilonibus Ardon. 
 
 defcr'ibes the motion though all the Zodiac. 
 
 P. \')6. 1. I J. And not my Chariot, ^r. ] Ovid'^ verfe ts 
 Confihis non Curribus utere noftris. This way of joining two 
 fuch different Ideas as Chariot and Counfel to the fame verb is 
 mightily ufedhy Ovid, hut is a very low kind of wit ^ and has always 
 tn it a mixture of Pun, hecaufe the verb mufl he taken in a diffe- 
 rent fen fe when It is joined with one of the things ^ from what it has 
 in conjunBion with the other. Thus tn the end of this flory he 
 
 tells you that Jupiter ^//;7^ a thunderbolt atVhiQX.on Pariterque, 
 
 animaque, rotifque expuHt Anrigam, where he makes a forced 
 piece 0/ Latin (Aniraa expuUt aurigam) that he may couple the 
 Soul and the Wheels to the fame verb, 
 
 P. 157. 1. 14. Tlien the feven ftars, &'c.'\ I wonder none of 
 Ovid'5 Commentators have taken nonce of the overfight he has 
 committed m this verfe y where he makes the Triones grow warm 
 before there was ever fuch afign tn the heavens -, for he tells us in 
 this very book^ that Jupiter turned CaHfto into this confiellationy 
 ajter he had repaired the mines that Phaeton had made m the 
 world. 
 
 Ibid. 1. IT. The youth was in a maze, fe^c] It is impojfihle 
 for a man to he drawn in a greater confifion than Phaeton «j but 
 
 the
 
 NOTES. 235 
 
 the Antithefis of light and dayknefs a little flattens the defer iptim^ 
 Suntque Oculis tenebra; per tantum lumen abort.^. 
 
 P. 159. I. 12. Athos 2Si^Tmohs, ©*<:.] Ovx^hashere^ after 
 the way of the old Poets y given us a catalogue of the mountaim^ 
 and rivers which were burnt. But, that I might not tire the En- 
 gl illi reader, 1 have left out fome of them that make no figure in 
 the defcr'iptiony ayid inverted the order of the refl according as the 
 fmoothiefs of my verfe required. 
 
 P. \6o. 1. 9. 'Twas then, they fay, the fwarthy Moor, &'c.'\ 
 77jis is the only Metamorphofis in all this long fiory, zvhich con- 
 trary to cuflom is inferted in the middle of it. The Critichs may 
 determine whether what follows it he not too great an excurfion in 
 him who propofes tt as his whole defig^t to let us know the chan^ 
 ges of things. 1 dare fay that if Ovid had not religioiifly ohferved 
 the reports of the a?icient Mythologifts, we fljould have feen ^\\Zr 
 eton turned into fome creature or other that hates the light of the 
 Sun ; or perhaps into an Ragle that fill takes pleafure to gaze on it, 
 
 P. 161. \. I. The frighted Nikj &'c.'] Ovid has made a great 
 many pleafant images towards the latter end of this flory. Hts 
 verfes on the Nile 
 
 Nilns in extremum fugit perterritus orbem 
 Occuluitque caput quod adhuc latet : oftia feptem 
 Pulverulenta vacant, ieptem line Flumine Valles. 
 
 are as noble as Virgil could have written 3 but then he ought not 
 to have mentioned the channel of the fe a afterwards. 
 
 Mare contrahitur, ficc^que ell: campus Arense. 
 
 becaufe the thought is too near the other, 7he image of the Cy- 
 clades is v very pretty one ,• 
 
 H h 2 . "' - — Quos
 
 236 
 
 NOTE S. 
 
 „— -Quos altum texerat xquor 
 
 ExiftuQt montes, et fparfas Cycladas augent. 
 
 but to tell us that the Swans grew warm m Cayfter,, 
 
 Medio volucres caluere Cayftro. 
 
 and that the Dolphins durft not leapy, 
 
 Nee fe fuper cequora eurvi 
 
 ToUere confuetas audent Delphines in auras. 
 
 is mtolerabl'y trivial on fo great a fubjeB as the burning of the 
 world. 
 
 Ibid. 1. 23. The Earth at length, ^c.'\ JVe have here a 
 fpeech of the Earth, which will doubtlefs feem very unnatural to 
 an Englifli reader. It is I believe the boldeji Proibpopoeia of any 
 in the old Poets ; or if it were never fo natural^ I cannot but think 
 Jhe fpeaks too much in any reafon for one in her condition. 
 
 On E u R o p a's Rape, page 1 88, 
 
 P. 189. I. 3. The dignity of empire, 85°<:.] Hois fiory is pret- 
 tily told J and very well brought in by thofe two ferious lines y, 
 
 Non bene conveniunt, nee in una fede morantur^ 
 Majeftas et Amor. Sceptri gravitate relida, ^c. 
 
 without which the whole fable would have appeared very prophane. 
 
 P. 190. 1. I y. The frighted Nymph looks, ^c."] This eon- 
 flernation and behaviour of Europa - — Elufam
 
 NOTES. 237 
 
 Elufam dcfignat ima2;ine tauri 
 
 Europen ; verum taurum, freca vera putaras. 
 Ipfa videbatur terras fpectare reliclas, 
 Ec comites clamare fuas, ta6tumque vereri 
 AiTilientis aqu.x, timidafque reducere plantas. 
 
 is better defcr'thed hi Arachnd's pi^Imr hi the fixth hook, than k is 
 here ; and hi the beginning is/Tadus hn Clitophon and Leucippe, 
 than hi either place. It is indeed ujual among the 'L^ix.mPoets 
 {who had more art and refletlion than the Grecian) to take hold 
 of all opportunities to defcribe the piclure of any place or aSion, 
 which they generally do better than they could the place or aclion 
 *^ fiVi becaufe in the defcription of a piclure you have a double 
 fuhjeci before you, either to defcribe the piBure it felf, or what is 
 reprefented in it. 
 
 On the Stories in the Third Book, page 191. 
 
 F A B. I. 
 
 There is fo great a variety in the arguments of the Metamor- 
 phofeSy that he who would treat of 'em rightly ^ ought to be a ma~ 
 fler of all fides, and every different way of writing. Ovid in- 
 deed Jhows himfelf mofi in a familiar flory, where the chief grace 
 is to be eafie and natural ; but wants neither flrength of thought 
 nor exprejfion, when he endeavours after it, in the more fublime 
 and manly fuhje&s of his poem. In the prefent fable the Serpent 
 IS terribly dej tribe d, and his behaviour very well imagined, the 
 aBions of both parties m the encounter are natural, and the Ian' 
 gu age that reprejents them more flrong and mafculme than what we 
 ufually meet with in this Poet: if there be any faults in the nar- 
 ration, they are thefe, perhaps, which follow. 
 
 P. 1^3.
 
 238 NOTES. 
 
 p. 193. 1. 24. Spire above fpire, &'c\] Ovid, to make his 
 Serpent more terrible , and to raife the chara&er of his Champion, 
 has given too great a loofe to his imagination^ and exceeded all 
 the bounds of probability. He tells iis, that when he rai/ed up but 
 half his body he over-looked a tall for eft of Oaks, and that his 
 whole body was as large as that of the Serpent i?i the skies. None 
 but a madman would have attacked fuch a monfier as this is de- 
 fcribed to be 5 nor can we have any notion of a mortal's flanding 
 againfi him. Virgil is not ajhamed of making ^neas fly and 
 tremble at the fight of a far lefs formidable foe, where he gives us 
 the defcription of Polyphemus, in the third book-^ he knew very 
 well that a monfier was not a proper enemy for his hero to encoun- 
 ter: But we fhoiild certainly have feen Cadmus hewing down the 
 Cyclops, had he fallen inOvi^sway-^ or z/' Statius'5 little Ty- 
 deus had been thrown on Sicily, it is probable he would not have 
 fpared one of the whole brotherhood. 
 
 — — Phoenicas, five illi tela parabant, 
 
 Sive fugam, five ipfe timor prohibebat utrumque, 
 
 Occupat: 
 
 P. 194. 1. I. In vain ^tTyrians^ c^c] The Poet could not 
 keep up his ?jarration all along^ m the grandeur and magnificence 
 of an heroick fiile: He has here funk into the flatnefs of prof e,, 
 where he tells us the behaviour of the Tyrians at the fight of the 
 Serpent : 
 
 Tegimen direpta Leoni 
 
 Pellis crat j telum Iplendenti Lancea fcrro, 
 Ec jaculumj tcloque animus prxftantior omni. 
 
 And in a few lines after lets drop the majejly of his verf, for the 
 fake of one of his little turns. How does he languifh in that which 
 
 feems
 
 NOTES. 239 
 
 feems a lahoiifd Imel Tiidia (anguinea lanibcntem vulnera lin- 
 gua. A?id what pains does be take to exprej's the Serpenfs break- 
 tyig the force of the flroke, by fjjr'mkmg back from it? 
 
 Sed leve vulnus crat, quia fe retialiebat ab id:u, 
 Larfaque colla dabat retro, plagamque federe 
 Cedendo fecit, ncc longius ire Iinebat. 
 
 P. \^6. \. rdt. And flings the future, &'c.'\ The defcrtption of 
 the men rifmg out of the grou/id ts as beautiful a paffage as any m 
 Ovid: It Jirikes the imagination very frongly ; we fee their mo- 
 tion in the fir fi part of it^ and their multitude in the Meffis viro- 
 rum at lajl. 
 
 P. 197. I. J. The breathing harvefl;, d>c.] Meflis clypeata 
 virorum. The beauty in thefe words wotdd have been greater^ 
 had only Meflis virorum been expreffed without clypeata j for the 
 reader's mind would have been dehghted with Two fuch diferent 
 Ideas compounded together^ hut can fcarce attend to fuch a com- 
 plete image as ts made out of all Three. 
 
 This way of mixing two different Ideas together in one image ^ 
 as It ts a great fur prize to the reader^ is a great beauty in poetry y 
 if there be fuficient ground for it in the nature of the thing that 
 is defer ibed. The Latin Poets are very full of it^ efpecially the 
 worfi of them J for the more correcl ufe it but fparmgly^ as indeed 
 the nature of things will feldom afford a jujl occafion for it. When 
 any thing we defcribe has accidentally in it fome quality that 
 feems repugnant to its nature^ or is very extraordinary and un- 
 common in things of that fpecies^ fuch a compounded image as we 
 are now fpeaking of is made, by turning this quality into an epi- 
 thete of what we defcribe. Thus Claudian, having got a hollow 
 hall of Chryjlal with water in the midjl of it for his fubjeB, takes 
 the advantage of conftdering the Chryflal as hard^ fony^ precious 
 
 tVatevj
 
 540 NOTES. 
 
 I rater, and the Water as foft, fluid, tmperfeB Chr'sjflal; and thus 
 f ports off aho'-oe a dozen Epigrams, in fett'ing his Words and Ideas 
 at variance aynong one -another. He has a great man'y beauties 
 of this nature in him, but he gives himfeJf up fo much to this way 
 of writing, that a man may eafily know where to meet with them 
 when he fees his fdjecl, and often firains fo hard for them^ that he 
 many times makes his defcriptions bombaftic and unnatural. What 
 work would he have made with Virgil'^ Golden Bough, had he 
 been to defer ibe it: We fhould certainly have fe en the yellow Bar k^ 
 golden Sprouts, radiant Leaves, blooming Metal, branching Gold, 
 and all the ^larrels that could have been raifed between words of 
 fiich different natures : When we fe-e Virgil contented with his 
 Auri frondcntis ; and what is the fame, though much finer expreffed, - 
 
 Frondelcit virga Metallo. This compofition of different Ideas 
 
 is often met with in a whole fentence, where circumfiances are hap- 
 pily reconciled that feem wholly foreign to each other; and is often 
 found among the 'L:itm Poets, [for the Greeks wanted Art for it) 
 m their defcriptions of Pi&ures, Images, Dreams, Apparitions, 
 Met amor phofes, and the like ; zuhere they bring together two fuch 
 thivarting Ideas, by making one part of their defcriptions relate to 
 the reprefentation, and the other to the thing that is reprefented. 
 Of this nature is that verfe, which, perhaps, is the Wittiefi in 
 Virgil j Attollcns humeris Famamque et Fata nepotum, y£n. 8. 
 where he defer ibes yEneas carrymgon his Shoulders the Reputa-. 
 tion and Fortunes of his Pofierity ; which, though very odd and fur- 
 prizing, ts plainly made out, when we confider how thefe difa-. 
 greeing Ideas are reconciled, and his Pofieritfs fame and fate made, 
 portable by being engraven on the fhield. Thus, when Ovid tells 
 ns that Pallas tore in pieces Arachne'5 work, where ftoe had em-, 
 broidered all the rapes that the Gods had committed, he fays — Ru-, 
 pic coileftia Crimina. I flo all .conclude this tedious reflection ivith. 
 an excellent firoke of this nature, out of Mr. Montagu'^ Poem, 
 to the King; where he tells us how the King of France would 
 
 have
 
 NOTES. 24T 
 
 have been celebrated by hisfubjeBs, if he had ever gained fuch an 
 honourable wound as King WilliamV at the fight of the Boia: 
 
 His bleeding arm had furnifli'd all their rooms. 
 And run iottvtx purple in the Looms. 
 
 FAB II. 
 
 P. 198. 1. 3. Here C^^ww reign'd. ] This is a pretty folemn 
 tranfition to the fiory of A6txon, which is allnaturally told. The 
 Goddefs, and her Maids undrej/ing her, are defcribed with di- 
 verting circnmfiances. Adt^eon'^ flighty confufwn and griefs are 
 pajjionately reprefented j but it is pity the whole Narration Jloould 
 be fo carelefiy clofed up. 
 
 Ut abelTe quemntur, 
 
 Nee capere oblat^e fegnem fpediacula pra^diX. 
 Vellet abefTe quidem, fed adeft, velletque videre, 
 Non etiam fentire, Canum fera fada fuorum. 
 
 P. ioi. 1. 18. A generous pack, 6f<:.] 1 have not here trou- 
 bled my felf to call over Adiaeon'^ pack of dogs in rhime : Spot 
 and Whitefoot make but a mean figure in heroick verfe, and the 
 Greek names Ovid ufes would found a great deal worfe. He clo- 
 fes up his own catalogue with a kind of ajejl onit, Quofcjue referrc 
 
 mora eft which, by the way, is too light and jull of humour 
 
 for the other ferious parts of this flory. 
 
 TJjis way of infer ting Catalogues of proper n a tjies in their Poems, 
 the Latins took from the Greeks, but have made them more plea- 
 fant than thofe they imitate, by adapting fo mayjy delightful cha- 
 raBers to their perfons names ; in which part Ovid'5 copioufnefs 
 of invention, and great infight into nature, has given him the pre- 
 cedence to all the Poets that ever came before or after him. 'The 
 
 Vol. I. I i fmoothnefs
 
 242 NOTE S. 
 
 fmoothnefs of our EngJiili verfs h too rmch loft hy the repetition of 
 proper names ^ which is otherw'tfe very ffotural and abfolutely ne^ 
 cefjary infome cafes -^ as before a battel, to ratfe m our m'tnds an 
 anfwerable expeBat'ton of the event ^ and a lively Idea of the num- 
 bers that are engaged. For had Homer or Virgil only told us In 
 two or three lines before their fights y that there were forty thou- 
 fand of each fide y our imagination could not pojfibly have been fo 
 affeBedy as when we fee every Leader fingJed outy and evfiry^.e^ 
 giment in a manner drawn up before our eyes, 
 
 FAB. III. 
 
 P. 203. 1. 10. Hovf Semele, &c.] This is one of Ovid^ s fi^ 
 
 ni/hedftorles. The tranfiition to it Is proper and unforced: Juno, 
 in her twofpeeches, aBs incomparably well the parts of a refent- 
 ing Goddefs and a tattling Nurfe : Jupiter makes a very majeftlck 
 figure with his Thunder and Lightningy but it is ftill fuch a one as 
 Jhows who drew it y for who does not plainly dlfcover Ovid'j hand : 
 in the 
 
 Qua tamen ufque poteft, vires fibi demere tentat. 
 Nee, quo centiraanum dejecerat igne Typhoea, 
 Nunc armatur eo : nimium feritatis in illo. 
 Eft aliud levius fulmen, cui dextra Cyclopum 
 SiEvitii€ flamracxque minus, minus addidit Ir^e, 
 Tela Secunda vocant fuperi 
 
 P. 104. 1. 12. 'Tis well, (ays {he, 8f<:.] V'ngA has made a 
 Beroe of one of his Goddeffts in the fifth ^neid j but if we com- 
 pare the fpeech fioe there makes with that of her name- fake in this 
 ftory^ we may find the genius of each Poet difcevermgit felf m 
 the language of the Nurfe: Virgil'-T Iris could not have fpoken more 
 majeflically in her own fhape j but Juno is fo much altered from 
 her felf in Ovid, that the Goddefs is quite loft In the Old wo- 
 man. FAB,
 
 NOTES. 243 
 
 FAB. V. 
 
 "P. 209. I. 7' She can't begin, ^c] If play mg on words be 
 excufable in any Poem it is in this, where Echo is afpeaker; but 
 it is fo mean a kmd of wit, that if it deferves excufe it can claim 
 no more, 
 
 Mr. Locke, in his Effay of human underftanding, has given 
 us the heji account of Wit in Jhort, that can any where be met 
 with. fVity fays he, lyes in the ajfemblage of Ideas , and put- 
 ting thofe together with quicknefs and variety, wherein can be 
 found any refemblance or congrmty^ thereby to make up pleafant 
 piBures and agreeable vifions in the fancy. Thus does True wit, 
 as this incomparable Author obferves, generally confifi in the 
 Likenefs of Ideas, and is more or lefs Wit, as this Itkenefs in Ideas 
 is more furprizing and unexpected. But as True wit is nothing 
 elfe but a ftmilitude in Ideas, fo is Falfe wit the fimilitude in 
 Words, whether It lyes in the Itkenefs of Letters only, as in Anagram 
 and Acroflic ; or of Syllables, as in Doggrel rhimes ; or whole 
 Words, as Puns, Echo's, and the like. Befide thefe two kinds 
 of Falfe and True wit, there is another of a middle nature, that 
 has fomething of both in it. When in two Ideas that have fome 
 refemblance with each other, and are both expreffed by the fame 
 word, we make ufe of the ambiguity of the word to fpeak that of 
 one Idea included under it, which is proper to the other. Thus, 
 for example, mofi languages have hit on the word, which proper- 
 ly /ignifies Fire, to exprefs Love by, {and therefore we may be fur e 
 there is fome refemblance in the Ideas mankind have of them ; ) 
 from hence the witty Poets of all languages, when they have once 
 called Love afire, confider it no longer as the pajfion, but fpeak 
 of it under the notion of a real fire, and, as the turn of wit re- 
 quires, make the fame word in the fame fentence fi and for either 
 of the Ideas that is annexed to it. When Ovid'5 Apollo falls in 
 
 1 i 1 love
 
 244 NOT E S. 
 
 love he burTis with a new flame; when the Sea- Nymphs langmflj 
 with thh pojjlon^ they kindle m the water ; the Greek Epigram- 
 matiji fell tn love with one that flung a fnow-hall at him., and. 
 therefore takes occaflon to admire how fire could be thus concealed 
 in fnow. tn Jhort., whenever the Poet feels any thing in this 
 love that refembles fomething in fire., he carries on this agreement 
 into a kind of allegory ,• but if as in the preceding inflances., he 
 finds any circumfiance in his love contrary to the nature of fire, 
 he calls his love a fire, and by joining this circumfiance to it fur- 
 prifes his reader with afeeming contradiBion. I fhould not have 
 dwelt fo long on this infiance, had it not beenfo frequent in Gvid, 
 who is the great efi admirer of this mixed wit of all the Ancients, 
 as our Cowley is among the Moderns. Homer, Virgil, Horace, 
 and the great efi Poets /corned it, as indeed it is only fit for Epi- 
 gram and little copies ofverfes; one would wonder therefore how 
 Jo fublime a genius as Milton could fometimes fall into it, in fuch 
 a work as an Epic Poem, But we mufi attribute it to his humour- 
 ing the vicious tafie of the age he lived in, and the falfe judg- 
 ment of our unlearned Englifh readers in general, who have few 
 of them a relifh of the more mafculme and noble beauties of Poetry.. 
 
 F A B. VI. 
 
 Gvid feems particularly pleafed with the fubjeB of this fiorj, 
 hut has notorioufiy fallen into a fault he is often taxed with, of not 
 knowing when he has/aid enough, by his endeavouring to excel. 
 How has he turned and twified that one thought of NarciflTus'j he:- 
 ing the perfon beloved, and the lover too 7 
 
 Cunitaque miratur cjuibus eft mirabilis ip(e. 
 
 Qui probat, iple probatur. 
 
 Dumque petit petitur, pariterqiie incendit et ardet.. 
 Atque oculos idem c]ui decipit incitat error. 
 
 Per(]ue oculos perit ipfe fuos 
 
 Uror amore mei flaramas moveoque feroque, Sfc.
 
 NOTES. 2^5 
 
 But we cannot meet vjith a better tn fiance of the extravagance and 
 wantonnefs of Ovid'^ fancy ^ than in that particular circiimfiance 
 at the end of the fiory of "Htaxci^ws's gazing on his face after death 
 in the Stygian waters. The defign ivas very hold^ of making a 
 Boy fall in love with himfelj here on earthy but to torture him with 
 the fame pajjion after death ^ and not to let his ghofi refi in quiet , 
 was intolerably cruel and uncharitable. 
 
 P. 2IO. 1. lo. But whil ft: within, 8fc.] Dumque fitim (cdare 
 cupit fitis altera crevit. We have here a touch of that Mixed wit 
 I have before fpoken of but I think the meafure of Pun in it out' 
 vj.eighs the True wit ; for if we exprefs the thought in other words 
 the turn is almofi lofi. This pafjage of NarcifTus probably gave 
 Milton the hint of applying it to Eve,, though I think her fur prize 
 at the fight of her own face in the water ^ far rmre jufi and natu- 
 ral^ than this of NarcifTus. She was a raw imexperienced Be- 
 ing, jufl createdy and therefore might eafily be fuhjeB to the delu- 
 Jion-y but NarcilTus had been in the world fixteen yearSy was bro- 
 ther and fon to the water-nymphsy and therefore to be fuppofed 
 converfant with fountains long before this fatal miftake. 
 
 P. 21 T. 1. 12. You trees, fays he, 6fc.] Ovid /^ very jufily 
 celebrated for the pajjionate fpeeches of his Poem. They have ge- 
 nerally abundance of Nature in themy but I leave it to better judg- 
 ments to confider whether they are not often too witty and too te- 
 dious. The Poet never cares for fmothermg a good thought that 
 comes m his wayy and never thinks he can draw tears enough from 
 his reader, by which means our gt'ief is either diverted or fpent 
 before we come to his conclufion j for we cannot at the fame time 
 he delighted with the wit of the Poet, and concerned for the per- 
 fon that fpeaks it -y and a great Critick has admirably well objer- 
 vedy Lamentationes debent tS^t breves et concifa:, nam Lachry- 
 ma; fubito excrefcit, et difficile eft Auditorem vcl Ledorem in 
 
 (ummo
 
 246 NOTES. 
 
 fummo animi affcdu dia tenere. Would any one In Narciflus'^ 
 
 condition have cry'd out Inopem me Copia fecit? Or can any 
 
 thing be more unnatural than to turn off from his forrows for the 
 fake of a pretty refleBion ? 
 
 O utinam noftro fecedere corpore pofTem! 
 
 Votum in Amante novum ,• vellem, quod amamus, abelfet. 
 
 None, J fuppofe, can he much grieved for one that is fo witty on 
 his own affliBions. But I think we may every where ohferve in 
 Ovid, that he employs his Invention more than his "Judgment^ and 
 fpeaks all the ingenious things that can be f aid on the fubjeB^ ra- 
 ther than thofe which are particularly proper to the perfon and 
 cireumfiances of the fpeaker^ 
 
 F A B. vir. 
 
 p. II 5. I. 7. When Pemheus thus.] There is a great deal of 
 fpirit and fire in this fpeech 0/ Pentheas, hut I believe none be'" 
 Jides Ovid would have thought of the transformation of the Ser- 
 penfs teeth for an incitement to the Thebans courage, iibhen he 
 defires them not to degenerate from their great Fore-father the 
 .Dragon, and draws a parallel between the behaviour of them hoth^ 
 
 Efte, precor memoies, qua fitis ftirpe creati, 
 Illiufque animos, qui multos perdidit unus, 
 Sumite ferpentis: pro fontibus ille, lacuque 
 Interiit, at vos pro fama vincite veftra. 
 Ille dedit Letho fortes, vos pellite molles, 
 Et patrium revocate Decus. — 
 
 F A B. VIIL 
 
 Tloe Jiory of Acetes has abundance of nature in all the parts of 
 •?/j us well m the defcription of his own parentage and employment, 
 
 as
 
 NOTES. 
 
 247 
 
 as tn that of the fa'tlors charaElers and manners. But the Jhort 
 fpeeches fcatteredup and down tn tt, which make the Latin ver'y 
 natural^ cannot appear fo well in our language y which is much 
 more jiubborn and unpliant, and therefore are but as fo many 
 rubs in the fiorjy that are fitll turning the narration out of its pro* 
 per courfe. The transformation at the latter end is wonderfully 
 beautifuL 
 
 FAB. IX. 
 
 Ovid has two very good Similes on Pentheus, where he com^ 
 pares him to a River in a former Jlory, and to a War-horfe in the., 
 prefent. 
 
 K N
 
 248 An Essay on 
 
 A N 
 
 E S S A Y 
 
 ON 
 
 FIRGIL's GEORGIGS. 
 
 VIR G IL may be reckoned the firft who introduced three 
 new kinds of Poetry among the Romans, which he co- 
 pied after three the greateft matters of Greece. Theocritus and 
 Homer have flill diiputed for the advantage over him in Pa- 
 Jloral and Heroics , but I think all are unanimous in giving 
 him the precedence to Hefiod in his Georgtcs. The truth of 
 it is, the fweetnefs and rufticity of a Fafloral cannot be fo well 
 exprefled in any other tongue as in the Greek, when rightly 
 mixed and c[ualified with the T>ortc dialed: j nor can the ma- 
 jefty of an Heroic Poem any where appear fo well as in this 
 language, which has a natural greatnefs in it, and can be often 
 rendered more deep and fonorous by the pronunciation of the 
 lomans. But in the Middle flile, where the writers in both tongues 
 are on a level, we fee how far J^irgil has excelled all who have 
 written in the fame way with him. There
 
 V I R G I L V Georgics. 24.9 
 
 There has been abundance of Criticifin fpent on Virgil' % 
 Faflorals and ^neids^ but the Georgks are a lubjcdl which 
 none of the Critics have fufficicntly taken into their confide- 
 ration ,• moft of them p^-ling it over in filencc, or cafting it 
 under the fame head with Pafloral ; a divifion by no means 
 proper, unlefs we luppofe the ftile of a Husbandman ought to 
 be imitated in a GeorgiCj as that of a Shepherd is in PaJioraL 
 But though th£ fcenc of both thefe Poems lies in the fame 
 place y the fpeakcrs in them are of a quite different charad:er, 
 fince the precepts of husbandry are not to be delivered with 
 the fimplicity of a Plowman, but with the addrefs of a Poet. 
 No rules therefore that relate to Pajloral^ can any way affed; 
 the GeorgicSj fmce they fall under that clafs of Poetry, which 
 confifts in giving plain and direct inftru<il;ions to the reader j 
 whether they be Moral duties, as thofe of Thengn'is and Pytha- 
 goras j or Philofophical ipeculations, as thofe of Aratm and 
 Lucretius ; or Rules of pradicc, as thofe of Heftpd and Vtrgtl. 
 Among thefe different kinds of fubjeds, that which the Geor- 
 gics go upon, is I think the meaneft and leaft improving, 
 but the moft pleafing and delightful. Precepts of morality, 
 befides the natural corruption of our tempers, which makes us 
 averfe to them, are fo abftraded from Ideas of fcnfe, that 
 they feldom give an opportunity for thofe beautiful dcfcripti- 
 ons and images which are the fpirit and life of Poetry. Na- 
 tural Philofophy has indeed fenfible objects to work upon, but 
 then it often puzzles the Reader with the intricacy of its 
 notions, and perplexes him with the multitude of its di- 
 fputcs. But this kind of Poetry I am now fpcaking of, addref^ 
 (es it felf wholly to the imagination: It is altogether conver- 
 (ant among the fields and woods, and has the moft delightful 
 part of Nature for its province. It raifes in our minds a plea- 
 
 VoL. I, K k fmg
 
 250 An E s s A Y (?;/ 
 
 fing variety of fcenes and landfcapes, whilfl it teaches us,- and 
 makes the dry eft of its precepts look hke a defcription. A 
 Georgic therefore is fome part of the fcience of husbandry put into 
 a pleafmg drefs^ and fet off with all the Beauties and EmbeJliJIo- 
 ments of Poetry. Now fince this fcience of Husbandry is of a 
 very large extent, the Poet fhews his skill in fingling out fuch 
 precepts to proceed on, as are ufeful, and at the fame time 
 moft capable of ornament. Virgil was {o well acquainted 
 with this fecret, that to fet off his fir ft Georgic^ he has run 
 into a fet of precepts, which are almoft foreign to his fubjed:, 
 in that beautiful account he gives us of the Signs in Nature, 
 which precede the changes of the weather. 
 
 And if there be fo much art in the choice of fit precepts, 
 there is much more required in the treating of them ,• that 
 they may fall in after each other by a natural unforced me- 
 thod, and {hew themfelves in the beft and moft advantageous 
 light. They {hould all be fo finely wrought together in the 
 fame piece, that no coarfe feam may difcover where they join,- 
 as in a curious brede of needle-work, one colour falls away by 
 fuch juft degrees, and another rifes fo infenfibly, that we fee the 
 variety, without being able to diftinguifh the total vanifhing 
 of the one from the firft appearance of the other. Nor is it 
 fufficient to range and difpofe this body of precepts into a 
 clear and eafie method, unlels they are delivered to us in the 
 moft pleafing and agreeable manner : For there are feveral 
 ways of conveying the fime truth to the mind of man ; and 
 to chufe the pleafanteft of thefe ways, is that which chiefly 
 diftinguifties Poetry from Profe, and makes VtrgiVs rules of 
 Husbandry plcafanter to read than Farro's. Where the Profe- 
 writer tells us plainly what ought to be done, the Poet often 
 
 conceals
 
 V I R G I lV Georgics, 251 
 
 conceals the precept in a defcription, and repre/ents his Coun- 
 try-man performing the action in which he would inftrud: his 
 reader. Where the one fets out as fully and diftindlly as he 
 can, all the parts of the truth, which he would communicate 
 to us ; the other fmgles out the mod pleafing circumftance of 
 this truth, and fo conveys the whole in a more diverting man- 
 ner to the underftanding. I (hall give one inftance out of a 
 multitude of this nature that might be found in the Georgics^ 
 where the reader may fee the different ways V'trgil has taken 
 to exprefs the fame thing, and how much pleafanter every 
 manner of expreilion is, than the plain and dired mention of 
 it would have been. It is in the fecond Georgic^ where he tells 
 us what Trees will bear grafting on each other. 
 
 Rt fape alter'tus ramos impme videmus 
 Vertere m ahenus, mutatamqiie tnfita mala 
 Ferre pyrum, et prunis lapidofa rube/cere coma. 
 
 Stertles Platam malos geffere valentes, 
 
 Caflane<e fagos^ ornufqtie irjcanmt albo 
 
 Flore py'i: Glandemque fues fregere fub ulmis. 
 
 Nee longtim temptis : et tngens 
 
 Extit ad Caelum ramis felicibus arbos j 
 Mtraturque novas frondes et non ftia poma. 
 
 Here we fee the Poet confidered all theeffeds of this union 
 between Trees of different kinds, and took notice of that ef- 
 fed which had the mofl iurprize, and by confequence the 
 mofl delight in it, to exprefs the capacity that was in them of 
 being thus united. This way of writing is every where much 
 in ufe among the Poets, and is particularly pradifed by J tr- 
 gdy who loves to fuggeft a truth indiredly, and without gi- 
 
 K k 2 ving
 
 252 An Essay on 
 
 ving us a full and open view of it, to let us fee juft fb much 
 as will naturally lead the imagination into all the parts that lie 
 concealed. This is wonderfully diverting to the underftand- 
 ing, thus to receive a precept, that enters as it were through 
 a by-way, and to apprehend an Idea that draws a whole train 
 after it. For here the Mind, v/hich is always delighted with 
 its own difcoveries, only takes the hint from the Poet, and 
 feems to work out the reft by theftrength of her own faculties. 
 But ilnce the inculcating precept upon precept, will at 
 length prove tirefom to the reader, if he meets with no en- 
 tertainment, the Poet muft take care not to encumber his Po- 
 em with too much bufinefs ,• but fbmetimes to relieve the Sub- 
 jed: with a moral refledion, or let it reft a-while for the fake 
 of a pleafant and pertinent digreflion. Nor is it fufficient to 
 run out into beautiful and diverting digrellions ( as it is gene- 
 rally thought) unlefs they are brought in aptly, and are fome- 
 thing of a piece with the main defign of the Georgtc : For 
 they ought t© have a renlote alliance at leaft to the flibjedt, 
 that fo the whole Poem may be more uniform and agreeable 
 in all its parts. Wertiould never quite lofe fight of the Coun- 
 try, though we are fometimes entertained with a diftant pro- 
 fped: of it. Of this nature are TArgd's defcriptions of the ori- 
 ginal o£ ^gi^'t culture y of the fruitfulnels oi Italy , of a country 
 life, and the like, which are not brought m by force, but na- 
 turally rile out of the principal argument and defign of the 
 Poem. I know no one digreflion in the Georgics that may" 
 feem to contradi6l this obfervation, befides that in the latter 
 end of the Firft book, where the Poet launches out into a di- 
 fcourle of the battel of Pharfalta, and the adions of Augujlus : 
 But it is worth while to confider how admirably he has turned 
 
 the
 
 V I R G I l'j Georgics. 25 j 
 
 the couiTe of his narration into its proper channel, and made 
 his Husbandman concerned even in what relates to the battel, 
 in thofe inimitable lines, 
 
 Scilicet et tempus vemet, cum fiyiihm illis 
 j^gricola mcurvo terram mohtiis aratro, 
 Rxefa inven'iet fcahra ruhigine pila : 
 Aut grcwibus rajtrh galeas pulfahit maneSy 
 Grandiaque effojfis mirahitur ojfa fepulchris. 
 
 And afterwards fpeaking of Auguflus\ actions, he ftill remem- 
 bers that Agriculture ought to be fomc way hinted at through- 
 out the whole Poem. 
 
 Noyt ulhis aratro 
 
 Dignus honos : fqualent ahduBis arva coloms: 
 Et curva rigidum fakes conflaniur hi erifem. 
 
 We now come to the Stile which is proper to a Georgic ,• 
 and indeed this is the part on which the Poet muft lay out all 
 his ftrength, that his words may be warm and glowing, and 
 that every thing he defcribes may immediately prefent it felf, 
 and rife up to the reader's view. He ought in particular to be 
 careful of not letting his fubjed; dcba(e his ftilc, and betray 
 him into a mcanncis of cxprelTion, but every where to keep 
 up his verfe in all the pomp of numbers, and dignity of words. 
 
 I think nothing which is a Phrafe or Saying in common 
 talk, (hould be admitted into a ferious Poem ; becaufe it takes 
 off from the folemnity of the expreition, and gives it too ^reat a 
 turn of familiarity : Much Icfs ought the low phrafcs and terms 
 of art, that are adapted to Husbandry, have any place in fuch 
 a work as the G^ipr^/r, which is not to appear in the natural 
 
 fimphcity
 
 2$4' ^^n 1^ s s AY on 
 
 fimplicity and nakednefs of its jfiibjed:, but in the pleafantcft 
 drels that Poetry can beftow on it. Thus yirgtl, to deviate 
 from the common form of v'ords, would not make ufe of 
 Tempore but S-ydere in his firft verfe j and every where elfe abounds 
 with Metaphors, Grectfms, and Ctrcumlocuttons, to give his 
 verfe the greater pomp, and pre.ferve it from finking intp a 
 Plebeian ftile. And herein confifts JArgiH mafter-piece, who 
 has not only excelled all other Poets, but even himfelf in the 
 language of his Georgtcs ^ where we receive mote (Irong and 
 lively Ideas of things from his words, than we could have done 
 fi-om the objects themfelves : And find our imaginations more 
 affected by his defcriptions, than they wx)uld have been by 
 the very fight of what he dcfcribes. 
 
 I fhall now, after this fliort fcheme of rules, confider the 
 different fuccefs that Hefiod and [Argil h^L^e met with in this 
 kind of Poetry, which may give us fome further notion of the 
 excellence of the Georgics. To begin with Hefwd-j if we may 
 jjueis at his character from his writings, he had much more 
 of the Husbandman than the Poet in his temper: He was 
 wonderfully grave, difcreet, and frugal, he lived altogether 
 in the country, and was probably for his great prudence the 
 oracle of the whole neighbourhood. Thefe principles of good 
 Husbandry ran through his works, and dired:ed him to the 
 choice of tillage and merchandize, for the fiibjed: of that 
 which is the mod celebrated of them. He is every where bent 
 on inftrut^ion., avoids all manner of digreflions, and does 
 not ftir out of the field once in the whole Georgtc. His me- 
 thod in defcribing month after month with its proper ieafbns 
 and employments, is too grave and fimple ; it takes off from 
 the furprize and variety of the Poem, and makes the whole 
 
 look
 
 V I R G I L V Georgics. 255 
 
 look but like a modern Almanack in veiTe. The reader is 
 carried through a courfe of weather, and may before-hand 
 guefs whether he is to meet with fnow or rain, clouds or fun- 
 fhine in the next defcription. His defcriptions indeed have 
 abundance of nature in them, but then it is nature in her fim- 
 plicity and undrefs. Thus when he fpeaks of January j * The 
 wild beads, fays he, run fhivering through the woods with 
 their heads (looping to the ground, and their tails clapt be- 
 tween their legs j the Goats and Oxen are almofl: flca'd with 
 cold; but it is not fo bad with the Sheep, becaufethey have 
 a thick coat of wool about them. The old men too are 
 bitterly pincht with the weather, but the young girls feel 
 nothing of it, who fit at home with their mothers by a 
 warm fire-fide.' Thus does the old gentleman give himfelf 
 up to a loofe land of tattle, rather than endeavour after a jufi: 
 Poetical defcription. Nor has he fliewn more of art or judg- 
 ment in the precepts he has given us, which are fb wn (b very 
 thick, that they clog the Poem too much, and are often fo 
 minute and full of circumftances, that they weaken and un- 
 nerve his verfe. But after all, we are beholden to him for 
 the firfl: rough sketch of a Georgtc : Where we may ftill difco- 
 ver fbmething venerable in the anticknefs of the work ; but if 
 we would fee the defign enlarged, the figures reformed, the 
 colouring laid on, and the whole piece finiihed, we muft cx- 
 pedt it from a greater maftcr's hand. 
 
 lArgil has drawn out the rules of Tillage and Planting into 
 two books, ^hich. Hejiod has difpatched in half a one; but 
 has fo railed the natural rudene/s and fimphcity of his fiibjed; 
 with iuch a fignificancy of expreffion, fiich a pomp of verfe, 
 fuch variety of tranfitions, and fuch a folemn air in his reflec- 
 tions.
 
 2.^6 An Essay on 
 
 tions, that if we look on both Poets together, we fee in one 
 the plainnefs of a downright Countryman, and in the other, 
 fomething of a ruftick majefty, hke that of a Roman Didator 
 at the plow-tail. He delivers the meaneft of his precepts 
 Avith a kind of grandeur, he breaks the clods and tolfes the 
 dung about with an air of gracefulnefs. His prognoftications 
 of the weather are taken out oi Aratus, where we may fee how 
 judicioufly he has pickt out thole that are moft proper for his 
 Husbandman's obfervation j how he has enforced the exprefli- 
 on, and heightened the images which he found in the original. 
 
 The fecond book has more wit in it, and a greater bold- 
 nefs in its metaphors than any of the reft. The Poet with a 
 great beauty, applies oblivion, ignorance, wonder, defire, 
 and the like, to his Trees. The laft Georgtc has indeed as 
 many metaphors, but not fo daring as thisj for human, 
 thoughts and paflions may be more naturally afcribed to a Bee, 
 than to an inanimate Plant. He who reads over the plealiires 
 of a Country life, as they are defcribed by TArgtl in the latter 
 end of this book, can fcarce be of V'trgd's mind in preferring 
 £ven the life of a Philofopher to it. 
 
 We may I think read the Poet's clime in his defcription, 
 for he feems to have been in a fweat at the writing of it. 
 
 _, Q q-ifi^ yyiQ gehdts fuh montihus Hami 
 
 Sijiatj et mgenti ramorum protegat umhra / 
 
 And is every where mentioning among his chief pleajfures, the 
 coolnefs of his {hades and rivers, vales and grottos, which a 
 more Northern Poet would have omitted for the defcription 
 of a lunny hill, and fire-fide. 
 
 The
 
 V I R G I L V Gcorgtcs. 257 
 
 The Third Georgtc feems to be the moil hiboured of them 
 all ,• there is a wonderful vigour and fpirit in the defcription of 
 the Horfe and Chariot-race. The force of Love is rcprefented 
 in noble inftances, and very fublime exprclTions. The ^^6-7- 
 //j/^« winter-piece appears fo very cold and bleak to the eye, 
 that a man can fcarce look on it without fliivering. The 
 Murrain at the end has all the exprelhvenefs that words can 
 give. It was here that the Poet fbrained hard to out-do Lji- 
 cret'ius in the defcription of his plague, and if the reader would 
 fee what luccefs he had, he may find it at large in ScaUger. 
 
 But Vtrgil feems no where fo well pleafed, as when he is 
 got among his Bees in the Fourth Georgic : and ennobles the 
 adions of fb trivial a creature, with metaphors drawn from 
 the moft important concerns of mankind. His verfes are not 
 in a greater noife and hurry in the battels of ^neas and Tm- 
 mis, than in the engagement of two fwarms. And as in his 
 JEneh he compares the labours of his Trojans to thofe of Bees 
 and Pifmires, here he compares the hibours of the Bees to 
 thofe of the C<yclops. In fliort, the laft Georgic was a good 
 prelude to the j^lrie'is ; and very well fliewed what the Poet 
 could do in the defcription of what was really great, by his 
 defcribing the mock-grandeur of an Iniedt with fo good a 
 grace. There is more pleafantnefs in ihe little platform 
 of a garden, which he gives us about the middle of this 
 book, than in all the fpacious walks aad water-works of 
 Rapm. The fpeech of Proteus at the end can never be enou,fj,h 
 admired, and was indeed very fit to conclude fo divine a work. 
 
 After tliis particular account of the Beauties in the Gevg}:\ 
 I riiould in the next place endeavour to point out its \ <a^, ••- 
 fections, if it has any. B it tho'igh I think there are lv)rp( 
 
 Vol. I. LI f 
 
 t)
 
 2^8 
 
 An E s s A Yj ^c. 
 
 few parts in it that are not fo beautiful as the reft, I ftiall not 
 prefume to name them, as rather fufpe(5ting my own judg- 
 ment, than I can beHcve a fault to be in that Poem, which 
 lay fo long under Firgth corrcdion, and had his laft hand 
 put to it. The firft Georgic was probably burlefqued in the 
 Author's life-time j for we ftill find in the Scholiafts a verfe 
 that ridicules part of a line tranflated from Hefwd. Nudm ara, 
 
 fere nudtis And we may eafily guefs at the judgment of this 
 
 extraordinary Critick, whoever he was, from his cenfiiring 
 this particular precept. We may be fure JArgtl would not have 
 tranflated it from Hefiod^ had he not difcovered fome beauty 
 in it ^ and indeed the beauty of it is what I have before ob- 
 ferved to be frequently met with in Vhgd^ the delivering the 
 precept fo indirectly, and fingling out the particular circum- 
 ftance of fowing and plowing Naked, to iuggeft to us that 
 thefe employments are proper only in the Hot feafon of the 
 year. 
 
 I {hall not here compare the ftile of the Georgtcs with that 
 of Lucretius J which the reader may fee already done in the 
 preface to the fecond volume of Mifcellany Poems ] but ftiall 
 conclude this Poem to be the moft complete, elaborate, and 
 finilht piece of all Antiquity. The JEnets indeed is of a No- 
 bler kind, but the Georgtc is more Perfed: in its kind. The 
 JEnen has a greater variety of beauties in it, but thoic of the 
 Geori^tc are more exquifite. In fliort, the Georgtc has all the 
 pcrfedion that can be expefted in a Poem written by the 
 greateft Poet in the flower of his age, when his invention was 
 ready, his imagination warm, his judgment fettled, and all 
 his faculties in their full vigour and maruiucy. 
 
 C A T O,
 
 C A TO. 
 
 TRAGEDY 
 
 As it is Aded at the 
 
 Theatre-Royal in Drurj-Laney 
 
 B Y 
 
 His Majesty 's Servants. 
 
 Ecce Spe6iaculum dignum, ad quod refftc'iat^ intentus operi fuOy Dens ! 
 
 Ecce parTieo dignum, virfortis cum mala fortund compofitus! Hon 
 
 'video, htquam, quid habeat in t err it Jupiter pulchrius., Ji convert ere 
 
 animum velit, qudm ut Jpe[iet Catonem^ jam partibus non femel 
 
 fraEiisy nihilominus inter ruinas publicas erecium. 
 
 Sen. de Divin. Prov. 
 
 LI 2
 
 [=«■ J 
 
 V E R S E S 
 
 TO THE 
 
 A U T H OR 
 
 OF THE 
 
 TRAGEDY of C^T'O. 
 
 WHILE '^ou the fierce clivided Bvkons awe. 
 And Cato with an equal virtue , draWy 
 IVh'ile Envy is it lelf in Wonder loft, 
 And Factions ftrive who fliall applaud you moft j 
 Forgive the fond ambition of a friend^ 
 M'^ho hopes himfelfy not <you^ to recommend. 
 And join th" applaufe which all the Learn' d hejtow 
 On one, to whom a perfeB zvork they owe. 
 To my * light Scenes J once infcrih'd your name. 
 And impotently flrove to borrow fame : 
 Soon will that die, which adds thy name to mine ; 
 Let me, then, live, joined to a work of thme. 
 
 ' iTl'l^^t^S:.. Richard Steele.
 
 [ 262 ] 
 
 THO' QjHIo Jh'mes tn V\r^\^s eptckfong^ 
 Prefcrib'mg laws among th* Elyflan throng j 
 7%o'' Lucan'5 verfe, exalted by his name^ 
 O'er Gods themfehes has rats'' d the Ueroe's fame \ 
 'The Roman flage did ne'er his image fee. 
 Drawn at full length ^ a task referv'd for thee. 
 By thee we view the finijh d figure rife. 
 And awful march before our ravijh'd eyes j 
 IVe hear his voice , ajferting virtue's caufe ; 
 His fate renew' d our deep attention draws. 
 Excites by turns our various hopes and fears. 
 And aU the patriot in thy fcene appears. 
 
 On Tyber'5 banks thy thought was firjl mfpifdi 
 ^Twas there, to fame indulgent grove retired, 
 Rome'5 ancient fortunes rolling in tloy mind. 
 Thy happy Mufe this manly work deftgn'd: 
 Or in a dream thou faw'fl Rome'5 Genius Jiand, 
 And, leading Cato in his facred hand. 
 Point out th' immortal fubjeB of thy lays. 
 Aid ask this labour to record his praife. 
 
 ^Tis done the Heroe lives, and charms our age / 
 
 While nobler morals grace the Britijfh jlage. 
 
 Great ShakcfpearV gloofi, the folemn flrain to hear, 
 
 (Methinks I fee the laurel' d Shade appear ! ) 
 
 mil
 
 [ 263 ] 
 
 f'J'^ill hover o'er the Scene j and wond'r'mg view 
 His favorite Brums rtvaVd thus by you. 
 Such Roman greatnefs in each aBion Jhines^ 
 Such Roman eloquence adorns your lines. 
 That fur e the Sybills hooks this year foretold. 
 And m fome myfitck leaf was feen mroll'd, 
 
 * Rome, turn thy mournful eyes from Africk'^ Jhore, 
 
 * Nor m her fands thy CatoV tomb explore / 
 
 * When thrice fix hundred times the circling Sun 
 
 * His annual race fioall thro' the Zodiack rim^ 
 
 * An Ifle remote his monument Jhall rear, 
 
 * And every generous Britoa pay a tc»2r» 
 
 J. Hughes. 
 
 WHA T do we fee / is Cato then become 
 A greater name in Britain than in Rome >. 
 Does manhnd now admire hts virtues more, 
 Tho^ Lucan, Horace, Virgil wrote before? 
 How will Pojlerity this truth explain 7 
 " Cato begins to live in Anna'^ rei^ '. 
 7%e worlds great chiefs, in council or in arms. 
 Rife in your lines with more exalted charms ^ 
 Jllujlrtous deeds in difant nations wrought ^ 
 And virtues by departed Heroes taught y 
 
 Raife
 
 [264] 
 
 Raife in your foul a pure tmmortal flame ^ 
 Adorn your life, and confe crate your fame -, 
 'To mur renown all ages you fuhdue. 
 And C^far fou^ot, and Cato hkd for you. 
 
 All Souls College, EDWARDYoUNG. 
 
 Uxoii. 
 
 ' ' I '' IS nobly done thus to enrich the flage, 
 
 jL And raife the thoughts of a degenerate age^ 
 To JhoWy how endlefs joys from freedom fprmg: 
 How life in bondage is a worthlefs thing. 
 The inborn greatnefs of your foul we view. 
 Toil tread the paths frequented by the few. 
 With fo much flrength you write ^ and fo much eafe, 
 Virtue, and fen fe ! how durfl you hope to pleafe ? 
 Tet crowds the fentiments of every line 
 Impartial clap'd, and own'd the work' divme. 
 Even the four Criticks, who malicious came. 
 Eager to cenfure, and refohfd to blame. 
 Finding the Her oe regularly rife. 
 Great, while he lives, but greater, when he dies. 
 Sullen approved, too obflinate to melt, 
 Andficken'd with the pleafures, which they felt. 
 Not fo the Fair their pajfions fecret kept. 
 Silent the'^ heard, but as they heard, they wept. 
 When glorioufjy the blooming Marcus dy'd, 
 /.nd Cato told the Gods, I'm fatisfy'd. 
 
 Seef
 
 [ 265 ] 
 
 See / how ^our lays the Britifh youth mftame / 
 
 They long to Jhoot, and ripen into fame j 
 
 Applauding theatres difturb their refiy 
 
 And unborn Cato's heave in every breaft; 
 
 Their nightly dreams their daily thoughts repeat y 
 And pulfes high with fancy' d glories beat. 
 Soy grieved to view the Marathonian fpoilsy 
 The young Themiftocles vow'd equal toils j 
 Did then his fchemes of future honours draw 
 From the long triumphs which tx>ith tears he faw^ 
 
 How fhall I your unrival'd woHh proclaim. 
 
 Loft in the fpreading circle of your fame / 
 
 fVefaw you the great WA\i2iVc^s praife rehearfe. 
 
 And paint Britannia'^ ^'o)/5 in Roman verfe. 
 
 IVe heard at dtflance foft, ench anting fir ains^ 
 
 From blooming mountains, and Italian Plains. 
 
 Virgil began in Englifli drefs to fhine^ 
 
 His voice y his looks y his grandeur fill divine. 
 
 From him too foon unfriendly you withdrew y 
 But brought the tuneful Ovid to our view. 
 Theny the delightful theme of every tongue y 
 Th' immortal M^rlh' rough was ysur daring fong-^ 
 From clime to clime the mighty viBor fleWy 
 From clime to dime as fwiftly you purfue j 
 Still with the Heroe's glow'd the Poefs flame y 
 Still with his conquejls you enlar^d your fame. 
 IV^ith boundlefs raptures here the Mufe could fwelly 
 And on your Rofamond/^jr ever dwell: 
 
 Vol. L Mm There
 
 [ 266 ] 
 
 There opening fweets^ and every fragrant flower 
 
 Luxuriant fmile'y a never-fading hower. 
 
 Next J human follies kmdly to expofe, 
 
 Tou change from numbers, but not Jink m profe : 
 
 Whether in vijhnary fcenes you play. 
 
 Refine our taftes, or laugh our crimes away. 
 
 Now, by the buskin' d Mufe you fh'tne confefl. 
 
 The Patriot kindles in the Poefs breafi. 
 
 Such energy offenfe might pleafure raife, 
 
 Tho' unembellifio' d with the charms of phrafe : 
 
 Such charms of phrafe would with fuccefs be crowned, 
 
 Tho" nonfenfe flow'd m the melodious found. 
 
 The chafiefi Firgin needs no blujloes fear, 
 
 The Learned themfelves, not uninflruBed, hear. 
 
 The Libertine, in pleafures us'd to roul, 
 
 And idly fport with an immortal foul. 
 
 Here comes, and by the virtuous Heathen taught. 
 
 Turns pale, and trembles at the dreadful thought. 
 
 When e'er you traverfe vafi l>imm^\2LS plains, 
 What Jl-uggifh Briton in his Ifle remains! 
 When Juba feeks the Tiger with delight. 
 We beat the thicket, and provoke the fight. 
 By the defcriptton warmed, we fondly fweat. 
 And m the chilling Rafi-wmd pant with heat. 
 PVhat eyes behold not, how the ftream refines, 
 'Till by degrees the floating mirrour fliincs ? 
 JVhile hurricanes in circling eddies play, 
 Tear -up the fands, and fweep whole plains away, 
 
 We
 
 [ 26/ ]. 
 
 We jhr'mk with horror^ and confefs our fear. 
 And all the fiidden founding ru'ine hear. 
 When purple robes y diflam'd with blood, deceive. 
 And make poor Marcia beautifully grievCy 
 When fhe her fecret thoughts no more conceals. 
 Forgets the woman, and her flame reveals. 
 Well may the Prince exult with noble pride. 
 Not for his Libyan crown, but Roman bride. 
 
 But I in vain on fingle features dwell. 
 While all the parts of the fair piece excell. 
 So rich the fore, fo dubious is the feaf. 
 We know not, which to pafs, or which to tajie. 
 The fhining incidents fo jufly fall. 
 We may the whole new fcenes of tranfport call, 
 Thus jewellers confound our wandering eyes. 
 And with variety of gemms furprife. 
 Here Saphires, here the Sardian Stone is feen. 
 The Topaz yellow, and the Jafper green. 
 The coflly Brilliant there, confusedly bright. 
 From numerous furfaces darts trembling light. 
 The different colours mingling in a blaze, ) 
 
 Silent we fand, unable where to praife, ■ 
 
 In pleafure fweetly lofi ten thoufand ways. . 
 
 s 
 
 Trinity College, L. E U S D E N- 
 
 Cambridge. 
 
 M m 1 "T
 
 [268] 
 
 TO long hath Love engyofs'd Britannia'5 ftage^ 
 And funk to foftnefs all our tragic rage ; 
 By that alone did empires fall or rife. 
 And fate depended on a fair one^s eyes : 
 The fiveet tnfeB'ton^ mtxt with danger ms art. 
 Debased our manhood, while it footlfd the heart, 
 Tou fcorn to raife a grief thy felf muf blarney 
 Nor from our weaknefs fleal a vulgar fame : 
 A Patriot" s fall may juflly melt the mind. 
 And tears flow nobly ^ Jhed for all mankind. 
 
 How do our fouls with gtffrous pleafure glow/ 
 Our hearts exulting, while our eyes overflow. 
 When thy firm Hero flands beneath the weight 
 Of all his fuffertngs venerably great ; 
 RomeV ^oor remains jiill fhelf ring by hisfidey 
 With confcious virtue, and be coming pride. 
 
 The aged Oak thus rears his head m air. 
 His fap exhaufled, and his branches bare ; 
 'Midjl forms and earthquakes he maintains his fate, 
 Fixt deep m earth, and fafen'd by his weight . 
 His naked boughs fill lend the Jhepherds aid. 
 And his old trunk projeBs an awful /hade. 
 
 Amidfl the joys triumphant peace beftows. 
 Our Patriots fadden at his glorious woes, 
 
 * Awhile
 
 [ 26'9 ] 
 
 Awh tie they let the world's great hus'nefs wait^ 
 Anxious for Rome, andjtgh for Cato' sfirt^. 
 Here taught how ancient Heroes rofe to fame. 
 Our Britons crowd, and catch the Kom2.n^amey .. 
 Where Jlates andjenates well might lend an e<my. 
 And Kings md Fmfls- wukoui a blujh appear, 
 
 France boajis no more, but, fearful to engc^e^ 
 Now firfi pays homage to her reval'sfiagey 
 Hafles to learn thee, and learning fhall fubm'tt 
 Alike to Britifh arms, and Britifh wit : 
 No more JheHl wonder, ( forc'd to do us right ) 
 Who think like ^0TCi2^\%j could like Kom2iVis fight. 
 
 Thy Oxford fmiles this glorious work to fee^ 
 And fondly triumphs in afon like thee. 
 The fenates, confuls, and the gods o/Rome, 
 Like old acquaintance at their native home. 
 In thee we find : each deed, each word exprefl.. 
 And every thought that fw ell' da Roman breafi. 
 We trace each hint that could thy foul infpire 
 With YixgiYs judgment, and with I^wcqlw' s fire ; 
 We know thy worth, and, give m leave to boaji^ 
 We tnofi admire, becaufe we know thee mofi. 
 
 Quecn's-College, THO. TiCKELL. 
 
 S I R,
 
 [^70 ] 
 
 SIR, 
 
 WHEN your gene rom labour fir ji I view' d. 
 And Cato'5 hands tn his own blood imbrtidy 
 That fcene of death fo terrible appears^ 
 My foul could only thank you with her tears. 
 Tet with fuch wondrous art your skilful hand 
 Does all the pajfions of the foul command^ 
 That even my grief to praife. and wonder turn'd, 
 And envy" d the great death which firjl r mourn' d. 
 
 Wh<it pen hut yours could draw the doubtful firife. 
 Of honour firuglmg with the love of life? 
 Defcribe the Patriot , obftinately good, 
 ■As hovering o'er eternity he flood-. 
 The wide, th' unbounded ocean lay before 
 His piercing fight, and Heaven the dijlant fhore. 
 Secure of endlefs hlifs, with fearlefs eyes, "P 
 
 He grafps the dagger, and its point defies, . > 
 
 And rujhes out of Life, to fnatch the glorious prize. \ 
 
 How vjofild old Rome rejoice, to hear you tell 
 Howjufl her Patriot IrJd, how gteat he fell! 
 Recount his ivondrous probity and truth. 
 And form new Juba's in the Bricifli' youth. 
 Their generous fouls, when he refiigns his breath. 
 Are pleas' d with ruine, and in love with death. 
 
 And
 
 [ 271 ] 
 
 And when her conquenng /word Britannia draws, 
 Refolve to per'tjh, or defend her caufe, 
 JSow firfl on Albion'^ theatre we fee, 
 A perfeEl image of what man fhould be ; 
 The glorious charaBer ts now exprefi. 
 Of virtue dwelling in a human hreafi. 
 Drawn at full length by your immortal lines. 
 In Qax.d's foul, as in her Heaven fhe Jhines» 
 
 ^"■'°c5';o?'"^^' DiGBY Cotes. 
 
 Left with the Printer by an unknown hand. 
 
 NO fV we may fpeak, ftnce Caiofpeaks no more ; 
 'Tis praife at length, 'twas rapture all before j 
 When crowded theatres with los rung 
 Sent to the skies, frotn whence thy genius fprung : 
 Even civil rage awhile in thine was lojl ; 
 And faBions flrove but to applaud thee rnofi; 
 Nor could enjoyment pall our longing tafle ; 
 But every night was dearer than the laji. 
 
 As when old Rome in a malignant hour 
 Deprived of fome returning conqueror. 
 Her debt of triumph to the dead difchar^d. 
 For fame, for treafure, and her bounds enlar^d: 
 
 And,
 
 C 37a ] 
 
 Andy while his gMhefi'^H mm^d ^fdng, J 
 
 Alternate pajjions fir d th' adoring throng ,• \ 
 
 Tears flow' d from every eye^ and fhouts from (?Wr|y tofig^* j 
 
 So in thy pompous lines has Q^t^far^d^ 
 
 Qrac'd with an ample ^ tho" a late re'tj^ard: 
 
 A greater viBor we in him r&vefe ; 
 
 A nobler triumph crowns his image her6. 
 
 With wonder, as with pleafure, we furvey 
 A theme fo f canty wrought into a play ; 
 So vafi a pile on fuch foundations placed-. 
 Like AmmonV temple rear' d on LibyaV wafle: 
 Behold its glowing paint f its tafte weight / 
 Its nice proponions ! and ftupendous height / 
 How chafie the conduB, how divine the rage / 
 A Roman Worthy on « Grecian fiage! 
 
 But where /ball (^^ta's praife begin oy end\ 
 
 Jnclin'd to melt, and yet untaught to hend. 
 
 The firmefi Patriot , and the gentleft Friend? 
 
 How great his genius , when the iraytor croud 
 
 Ready to fir ike the blow their fury vow'd; 
 
 ^icll'd by his look, and lifining to his lore^ 
 
 Learn J like his pajfions^ to rebel no more / 
 
 , When^ lavifh of his boiling blood , to prove 
 
 Thexure of fiavijh life, and flighted love. 
 
 Brave yizxcxx'i, new in early death appears. 
 
 While Cato counts his wounds, and not his years ; 
 
 Who, checking private grief, the publick mourns. 
 
 Commands the pity he fo greatly fcorns. 
 
 Bta 
 
 -V
 
 [ 273 ] 
 
 Bm when heftrikesj {to crown his generous part) 
 That honefiy flaunch, impraB'tcahle heart j 
 No tears ^ no fobs piirfue his parting breath -^ 
 The dying Roman Jhames the pomp of death. 
 
 facred Freedom, which the powers bejiow 
 To feafon blejfings, and to f of ten woe ,• 
 Plant of our growth, and aim of all our cares ^ 
 The toil of ages, and the crown of wars: 
 If, taught by thee, the Poefs wit hasflow'd 
 In firains as precious as his Heroe's blood; 
 Preferve th of e firains, an everlafiing charm 
 To keep that blood, and thy remembrance warm: 
 Be this thy guardian image fiill fe cure ; 
 In vain fhall force invade, or fraud allure-. 
 Our great '^^^Tl^imvo. fhall perform its part, 
 Fix'd and enfhrin'd in every Britifli heart. 
 
 THE mind to virtue is by verfe fubdu'd-. 
 And the true Poet is a public good. 
 This Britain yf^-A, while, by your lines infpir'd. 
 Her free-born fons to glorious thoughts arefifd. 
 In Rome had you efpous'd the vanquifh'd caufe, 
 Enflam'dher fenate, and upheld her laws -, 
 Tour manly fcenes had liberty refiofd, 
 And given the jufi fuceefs to Cato'y fword: 
 O'er Caefar'^ arms your genius had prevail' d-. 
 And the Mufe triumphed, where the Patriot fail'd. 
 
 Ambr. Philips. 
 
 Vol. I. N n
 
 [ 274 ] 
 
 PROLOGUE. 
 
 By Mr. TOT E. 
 
 Spoken by Mr. W I L K S. 
 
 TO wake the foul by tender Jlrokes of art. 
 To ra'tfe the genius, and to mend the heart,. 
 To make mankind in confcious virtue bold. 
 Live o'er each fcene, and be what they behold: 
 For this the Tragic-Mufe firjl troJ the fiage, 
 Commanding tears to fir earn thro' every age ; 
 Tyrants no more their fav age nature kept. 
 And foes to virtue winder' d how they wept. . 
 Our author [hum by vulgar fprings to move. 
 The Heroe'^s glory, or the Virgm's love j 
 In pitying Love we but our weaknef Jhow, 
 And wild Ambition . well deferves its woe. 
 Here t^-ars fjjall flow from . a more- generous caufe^ 
 Such tears as Patriots Jhed for dying laws: 
 He bids your breajls with, ancient ardor rife, 
 And calls forth Roman drops from Vtnix^eyes. 
 l^irtue confejl i>i> human fkape he draws, 
 IVhat Plato thought, and God-like Cato was: 
 
 No
 
 PROLOGUE. 
 
 No common objeB to yourftght d'tfplaysy 
 
 But what with pie a fur e Heaven it felf furveys -^ 
 
 A brave man Jlrugglmg in thejlorms of fate, 
 
 j^nd greatly falling with a falling jlate / 
 
 JVhde Cato gives his little Senate laws. 
 
 What bofom beats not in his countryls caufe ? 
 
 Who fees him aS, but envies every deed? 
 
 Who hears him groan, and does not wifh to bleed? 
 
 Even when proud Csefar 'midfi triumphal cars. 
 
 The fpoils of nations y and the pomp of wars. 
 
 Ignobly vain, and tmpotently great. 
 
 Showed Rome her Cato'^ fig^*'^ drawn in Jlate, 
 
 As her dead father's reiverend image pafiy 
 
 The pomp was darkened, and the day o'ercafi. 
 
 The triumph ceased tears gufh' d from every eye, 
 
 The world's great viB or pafs'd unheeded by ^ 
 Her lafl good man dejeBed Rome adofd. 
 And honoured Oid^t's lefs than Cztoi'sfword. 
 
 Britons attend: be worth like this approved, 
 And fhow you have the virtue to be mov'd. 
 With honefifcorn the firji fam'dQzx.o view'd 
 Rome learning arts from Greece, whom fhe fubdu'd. 
 Our fcene precarioufly fubjijis too long 
 On French tranflation, and Italian fong : 
 Dare to have fenfe your felves ; ajfert the ft age, 
 Bejuftly warm'd with your own native rage. 
 Such plays alone fJoould pleafe a Britifli ear. 
 As Cato'x feJf had not difdain'd to hear. 
 
 N n 1 Dramatis
 
 Dramatis Perfon^. 
 
 M E N. 
 
 CAT O. Mr. Booth. 
 
 Lucius, a Senator, Mr. Keen, 
 
 Setnpronius, a Senator. Mr. Mills. 
 
 Juba, Prince of lUxxmiihi. Mr. JVilh. 
 
 Syphax, General of theNumidnns. Mr. Gbber. 
 
 Fortius, 7 e ^ r^ ^ Mr. Powell. 
 
 -. , ^Sons of Cato. x^^ n ^,, 
 
 Marcus, S *^ iVIr. Ryan. 
 
 Decius, Amhaffador from C^far. Mr. Bo'wman. 
 Mutineer Si Guards^ &c. 
 
 WOMEN. 
 
 Marcia, Daughter to Cato. Mrs. Oldfield. 
 
 Lucia, Daughter to Lucius. Mrs. Porter. 
 
 SCENE a large Hall in the Cover- 
 nors Talace of Utica. 
 
 CATO.
 
 ;riV:-£- ^-■'' 
 
 lu. 
 
 TJ ('i"!- 
 
 &bui 
 
 I. ■- 
 
 
 Tin !>13i^3 ?< , 
 
 P O R T I U S, M ARC US. or!W 
 
 y O Je 7" / 1? J*. 
 
 H E dawa is over-caft, the morning 
 
 And heavily in clouds, brings foaA 
 
 the day^ ,,,.^ :i,.. .,.-0ti1 ^;fh '^-^ob w>H. 
 The great, th' important day, , big r 
 
 with the fate .-i^i, 
 
 ■ OfCato and of /?<?/«? -r---- Our FarH 
 
 ther's Death 
 
 ■.■nr?ic\'A 'lb('y\'' 
 
 "^J*, Would fill up all the guilt of Civil war. 
 
 And clofe the fcene of blood. Already de/ar 
 
 Has
 
 278 C A 7 0. 
 
 Has ravaged more than half the globe, and fees 
 Mankind grown thin by his deftrudive fword : 
 Should he go further, numbers would be wanting 
 To form new battels, and fupport his crimes. 
 Ye Gods, what havock does Ambition make 
 Among your works! 
 
 MA Reus, 
 
 Thy fteddy temper, Port'ms, 
 Can look on guilt, rebellion, fraud, and defar^ 
 In the calm lights of mild Philofophy ; *. 
 I'm tortured, even to madnefs, when I think 
 On the proud vidor : every time lie's named 
 
 Pharfalta rifes to my view ! 1 fee 
 
 Th' injEuIting tyrant, prancing o'er the field 
 
 Strow'd with Rome's citizens, and drench'd in flaughter, 
 
 His Horfe's hoofs wet with Patrician blood ! 
 
 Oh Port'msj is there not fbme chofen curfe. 
 
 Some hidden thunder in the ftores of Heaven, 
 
 Red with uncommon wrath, to blaft the man. 
 
 Who OMTS his greatnefs to his country's ruin? 
 
 p.o R r I u s. 
 
 Believe me, Marcus^ 'tis an impious greatnefs. 
 And mixt with too much horrour to be envy'd : 
 How does the luftre of our father's adions, 
 Through the dark cloud of Ills that cover him. 
 Break out, and burn with more triumphant brightnefs I 
 His fufferings (liine, and fpread a glory round him ; 
 Greatly unfortunate, he fights the caufc 
 
 Of
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 Of honour, virtue, liberty, and Rome. 
 His iword ne'er fell but on the guilty head ; 
 OpprefTion, tyranny, and power ufurp'd. 
 Draw all the vengeance of his arm upon 'em. 
 
 MARCUS. 
 
 Who knows not this ? but what can Cato do 
 Againft a world, a bafe degenerate world. 
 That courts the yoke, and bows the neck to Cafar ? 
 Pent up in Ut'ica he vainly forms 
 A poor epitome oi Roman greatnefs. 
 And, cover'd with Num'id'tan guards, directs 
 A feeble army, and an empty fenate. 
 Remnants of mighty battels fought in vain» 
 By Heavens, liich virtues, join'd with iuch Jfuccefs, 
 Diftrad: my vci-y foul : Our father's fortune 
 Would almoft tempt us to renounce his precepts. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Remember what our father oft has told us: 
 The ways of Heaven are dark and intricate. 
 Puzzled in mazes, and pcrplex'd with errors r 
 Gur underftanding traces 'em in vain, 
 Loft and bewilder'd in the fruitlefs fearch 5. 
 Nor fees with how much art the windings run. 
 Nor where the regular confiifion ends. 
 
 MA R C U S: 
 
 Thefe are fimcrcftions of a mind at eafe: 
 oh Port'iusj ditlft thou taftc but half the griefs 
 
 279 
 
 Tliat
 
 28o CAT 0. 
 
 That wring my foul, thou couldft not talk thus coldly. 
 
 Paffion unpity'd, and fucceflefs love. 
 
 Plant daggers in my heart, and aggravate 
 
 My other griefs. Were but my Lticia kind !— •— 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Thou fce'ft not that thy Brother is thy Rival : 
 But I muft hide it, for I know thy temper. \Afide. 
 
 Now, Mantis^ now, thy virtue's on the proof: 
 Put forth thy utmoft ftrength, work every nerve, 
 And call up all thy father in thy foul : 
 To quell the tyrant Love, and guard thy heart 
 On this weak fide, where moft our nature fails. 
 Would be a conqueft worthy Cato's fon. 
 
 MAR C U S, 
 
 Porum, the counfel which I cannot take, 
 Inftead of healing, but upbraids my weakneis. 
 Bid me for honour plunge into a war 
 Of thickeft foes, and rulh on certain death, 
 Then {halt thou fee that Marcus is not flow 
 To follow glory, and confefs his father. 
 Love is not to be reafon'd down, or loft 
 In high ambition, and a thirft of greatneis j 
 'Tis fecond life, it grows into the foul, 
 Warms every vein, and beats in every pulfc, 
 I fctl it here: myTcfolution melts 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Behold young ^?/^^, t\\t Nurmdiem Vtmcel 
 With how much care he forms himfelf to glory,' 
 
 And
 
 C A T 0. 281 
 
 And breaks the fiercenefs of his native temper 
 To copy out our Father's bright example. 
 He loves our fifter Marc'ia, greatly loves her. 
 His eyes, his looks, his actions all betray it : 
 But (till the fmother'd fondnejfs burns within him. 
 When mofl it fwells, and labours for a vent. 
 The fenle of honour and defire of fame 
 Drive the big paflion back into his heart. 
 What! fliall an African, {hall Jtiba's heir 
 Reproach great Cato's fon, and {how the world 
 A virtue wanting in a Roman foul ? 
 
 MARCUS. 
 
 Port'mSj no more ! your words leave ftings behind 'em. 
 When-e'er did Juba, or did Pnrt'mSy {how 
 A virtue that has call me at a diftance, 
 And thrown me out in the pur{uits of honour ? 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Marcus, I know thy gen'rous temper well j 
 Fling but th' appearance of di{lionour on it. 
 It ftrait takes fire, and mounts into a blaze. 
 
 MAR C U S 
 A Brother's fufferings claim a Brother's pity, 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Heaven knows I pity thee : behold my eyes 
 Even whilft I fpeak — -Do they not fwim in tears ? 
 
 Vol. I. O o Were
 
 282 CAT 0. 
 
 Were but my heart as naked to thy view, 
 Marcus would fee it bleed in his behalf. 
 
 MAR C U S, 
 
 Why then doft treat me with rebukes, inllead 
 Of kind condohng cares, and friendly forrow ? 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 O Marcus J did I know the way to eaie 
 Thy troubled heart, and mitigate thy pains, 
 Marcus, beHeve me, I could die to do it. 
 
 MARCUS. 
 
 Thou beft of brothers, and thou beft of friends ! 
 Pardon a weak diftemper'd foul that fwells 
 With fudden gufts, and frnks as loon in calms, 
 
 The iport of paflions : but Sempronius comes : 
 
 He muft not find this foftnefs hanging on me. \Extt, 
 
 S C E N E 11. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS, FORTIUS. 
 
 S E M P R N I U S. 
 
 Confpij-acies no fooner fhculd be form'd 
 Than executed. What means Fortius here? 
 1 like not that cold youth. I muft dilTemble, 
 A.nd; fpeak a language foreign to my heart, \^Afide. 
 
 Good
 
 C A T 0. 283 
 
 Good morrow Fortius / let us once embrace. 
 Once more embrace ; whilft yet we both are free. 
 To-morrow fliould we thus exprefs our frlendftiip, 
 Each might receive a flave into his arms : 
 This Sun perhaps, this morning Sun's the laft. 
 That e'er fliall rife on Roman hberty. 
 
 FORTIUS, 
 
 My father has this morning call'd together 
 To this poor hall his little Romayi Senate, 
 ( The leavings of Fharfalm) to confult 
 If yet he can oppofe the mighty torrent 
 That bears down Rome, and all her gods, before it, 
 Or muft at length give up the world to Cafar. 
 
 SEMFRONIUS, 
 
 Not all the pomp and majefty of Rome 
 Can raife her Senate more than Caters prefence. 
 His virtues render our affembly awful. 
 They ftrike with fomething like religious fear, 
 And make even defar tremble at the head 
 Of armies flufh'd with conqucft : O my Fortius^ 
 Could I but call that wondrous Man my Father, 
 Would but thy fifter Marc'm be propitious 
 To thy friend's vows : I might be blefs'd indeed ! 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Alas ! Sempromusy would'ft thou talk of love 
 To Marc'tay whilft her father's life's in danger ? 
 
 Oo 2 Tho«
 
 284 c A r 0. 
 
 Thou might'ft as well court the pale tremWing Veftal, 
 When fhe beholds the holy flame, expiring. 
 
 S E M P R N I U S: 
 
 The more I fee the wonders of thy race, 
 The more I'm charm'd. Thou muft take heed, my Port'im/ 
 The world has all its €yes on Cato's fon-. 
 Thy father's merk fets thee up to view, 
 And fhows thee in the faireft point of light, 
 To make thy virtues, or thy faults, confpicuous.- 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Well doft thou feem to check my lingring here 
 
 On this important hour I'll ftrait away, 
 
 And while the Fathers of the Senate meet 
 
 In clofe debate to weigh th' events of war, 
 
 I'll animate the foldicr's drooping courage. 
 
 With loye of freedom, and contempt of life : 
 
 I'll thunder in their ears their country's caufe, 
 
 And try to roufe up all thafs Roman in 'em. 
 
 'Tis not in mortals to Command iiiccefs. 
 
 But we'll do more, Sempromus ; we'll Deferve it, [Exit. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS film. 
 
 Curfe on the Stripling ! how he apes his Sire ? 
 
 Ambitioufly fcntentious! but I wonder 
 
 Old Syphax comes not ; his Numidmn genius 
 Is well difpoied to mifchief^ were he prompt 
 And eager on it ; but he mull be fpurr'd. 
 And every moment quickned to the courfc. 
 
 Cata
 
 c A r 0. oS3« 
 
 Cato has us'd me ill ; he has rcfufed 
 
 His daughter Maraa to my ar-dent vows. 
 
 Befidcs, his baffled arms, and ruined caufe, 
 
 Are bars to my ambition. Cafar'^ favour, 
 
 That fhow'rs down greatnefs on his friends, will raife me 
 
 To Rome\ lirft honours. If I give up CatOj 
 
 I claim in my reward his captive daughter. 
 
 But Syphax comes ! 
 
 SCENE III. 
 
 SYPHAX, SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 s r P H A X, 
 
 Sempron'mSj all is ready, 
 
 I've founded my Numid'iam, man by man. 
 And find 'em ripe for a revolt : they all 
 Complain aloud of Cato's difcipline. 
 And wait but the command to change their mafler. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Believe me, Syphax^ there's no time to wade; 
 Even whilft we fpeak, our Conqueror comes on, 
 And gathers ground upon us every moment. 
 Alas ! thou know'ft not C^fafs active foul, 
 With what a dreadful courfe he rufhes on 
 From war to war : in vain has Nature form'd 
 
 Mountains
 
 zS6 c A r 0. 
 
 Mountains and oceans to oppofe his palTage j 
 
 He bounds o'er all, vidorious in his march j 
 
 The J/pes and Pyeneans fink before him, 
 
 Throucrh ^^•inds and waves and ftorms he works his way 
 
 Impatient for the battel : one day more 
 
 Will fet the Vidor thundering at our gates. 
 
 But tell me, haft thou yet drawn o'er young Juba ? 
 
 That ftill would recommend thee more to V^efar^ 
 
 And challenge better terms. 
 
 S Y P H A X. 
 
 Alas! he's loft. 
 He's loft, Sempyomiis ; all his thoughts are full 
 
 Of Cato's virtues : but HI try once more 
 
 (For every inftant I exped him here) 
 If yet I can fubdue thofe ftubborn principles 
 Of faith, of honour, and I know not what, 
 That have corrupted his Numidmn temper, 
 And ftruck th' infedion into all his foul. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Be fure to preis upon him every motive. 
 Juba's furrender, fmce his father's death. 
 Would give up Afr'tck into defar's hands. 
 And make him Lord of half the burning Zone. 
 
 S T P H A X. 
 
 But is it true, Sempronim, that your Senate 
 Is call'd together? Gods! thou muft be cautious! 
 
 Cato
 
 c A r 0. 1Z7 
 
 Cato has piercing eyes, and will difcern 
 
 Our frauds, unlcfs they're cover'd thick with art. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS, 
 
 Let me alone, good Syphax, I'll conceal 
 My thoughts in paflion ('tis the iureft way^) 
 I'll bellow out for Rome and for my country, 
 And mouth at C^far 'till I fhake the Senate. 
 Your cold hypocrifie's a ftale device, 
 A worn-out trick : would'ft thou be thought in earneft ? 
 Cloath thy feign'd zeal in rage, in fire, in fury! 
 
 STP H A X. 
 
 In troth, thou'rt able to inftrudt grey-hairs. 
 And teach the wily African deceit! 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Once more, be fure to try thy skill on Juha. 
 Mean while I'll haften to my Roman foldiers. 
 Inflame the mutiny, and underhand 
 Blow up their discontents, 'till they break out 
 Unlook'd-for, and difcharge themielves on Cato. 
 Remember, Syphax, we muft work in hafte : 
 O think what anxious moments pafs between 
 The birth of plots, and their laft fatal periods. 
 Oh! 'tis a dreadful interval of time, 
 Fill'd up with horror all, and big with death ! 
 Deftrudlion hangs on every word we Ipeak, 
 On every thought, 'till the concluding ftroke 
 Determines all, and clofes our defign. [Exit, 
 
 STPHAX
 
 288 CAT a 
 
 S T P H A X folus. 
 
 I'll try if yet I can reduce to reafoii 
 This head-ftrong youth, and make him fpurn at Cato. 
 
 The time is fliort, defar comes rufhing on us 
 
 But hold ! young Juha fees me, and approaches. 
 
 SCENE IV. 
 
 J U B A, S Y P H A X. 
 
 J U B J. 
 
 SypbaXj I joy to meet thee thus alone, 
 I have obfcrved of late thy looks are fallen, 
 O'ercaft with gloomy cares, and difcontent ,• 
 Then tell me, Sypbax, I conjure thee, tell me, 
 What are the thoughts that knit thy brow in frowns. 
 And turn thine eye thus coldly on thy Prince ? 
 
 S TP H A X. 
 
 'Tis not my talent to conceal my thoughts. 
 Or carry fmiles and (un-fliine in my face, 
 When difcontent fits heavy at my heart. 
 I have not yet fo much the Roman in me. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Why do'fl; thou caft out fuch ungenerous terms 
 Againft the Lords and Sov'reigns of the world? 
 
 Dofl:
 
 C A T 0, 289 
 
 Doft thou not fee mankind fall down before them. 
 And own the force of their fiiperior virtue ? 
 Is there a nation in the wilds oi Afr'ick, 
 Amidft our barren rocks, and burning fands. 
 That does not tremble at the Roman name ? 
 
 SYP H A X. 
 
 Gods ! where's the worth that fets this people up 
 Above your own Numidtcfs tawny fons ! 
 Do they with tougher finews bend the bow? 
 Or flies the javelin fwifter to its mark, 
 Launch'd from the vio;our of a Roman arm ? 
 Who like our adive African in{lru6ts 
 The fiery deed, and trains him to his hand ? 
 Or guides in troops th' embattled Elephant, 
 Loaden with war ? thefe, thefe are arts, my Prince, 
 In whijch your Zama does not ftoop to Rome, 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Thefe all are virtues of a meaner rank, 
 Perfedions that are placed in bones and nerves. 
 A Roman foul is bent on higher views : 
 To civilize the rude unpolifli'd world. 
 And lay it under the reftraint of laws ; 
 To make Man mild, and fociable to Man ^ 
 To cultivate the wild licentious Savage 
 With wifdom, difcipline, and liberal arts j 
 Th' embellifliments of life: Virtues like the/e, 
 Make human nature fhinc, reform the foul. 
 And break our fierce barbarians into men. 
 
 Vol. I. P P STP HAX\
 
 oQo C A I 0, 
 
 ST P H A X. 
 
 Patience kind Heavens ! excufe an old man's warmth. 
 
 What are thefe wond'rous civilizing arts, 
 
 This Roman polilh, and this fmooth behaviour_, 
 
 That render man thus tradable and tame ? 
 
 Are they not only to difguife our palTions, 
 
 To let our -looks at variance with our thoughts, 
 
 To check the ilarts and Tallies of the foul, 
 
 And break off all its commerce with the tongue; 
 
 In fliort, to change us into other creatures, 
 
 Than what our nature and the Gods defign'd us ? 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 To ftrike thee dumb : turn up thy eyes to Cato ! 
 There may'ft thou lee to what a godlike height 
 The Roman virtues lift up mortal man. 
 While good, and juft, and anxious for his friends. 
 He's Hill fevercly bent againft himfelf ; 
 Renouncing fleep, and reft, and food, and eaie. 
 He drives with thirPt and hunger, toil and heat; 
 And when his fortune (ets before him all 
 The pomps and plcafures that his ibul can wifh. 
 His rigid virtue will accept of none. 
 
 s r P H A X. 
 
 Believe me, Prince, there's not an African 
 That travcrfes our vaft Numichan defarts 
 In queft of prey, and lives upon his bow. 
 But better pra61;ifes thefe boafted virtues. 
 
 Coar/e
 
 C A T 0, 291 
 
 Coarfe are his meals, the fortune of the chafe, 
 Amidft the running ftream he flakes his thirft, 
 Toils all the day, and at th' approach of night 
 On the firft friendly bank he throws him down. 
 Or refts his head upon a rock 'till morn : 
 Then rifes freih, puriues his wonted game. 
 And if the following day he chance to find 
 A new repaft, or an untafted fpring, 
 BlelTes his ftars, and thinks it luxury. 
 
 JUB A. 
 
 Thy prejudices, S'yphax^ won't difcern 
 What virtues grow from icrnorance and choice. 
 Nor how the Hero differs from the Brute. 
 But grant that others could with equal glory 
 Look down on pleafiires, and the baits of fcnfe ,• 
 Where fliall we find the man that bears afflidion. 
 Great and majeflick in his griefs, like Cato? 
 Heavens! with what flrength, what fleadinefs of mind. 
 He triumphs in the midfl of all his fuffcrings ! 
 How does he rife againfl a load of woes. 
 And thank the Gods that throw the weight upon him ! 
 
 STPHAX, 
 
 'Tis pride, rank pride, and haughtine/s of foul: 
 I think the Romans call it Stok'ifm. 
 Had not your royal father thought {o highly 
 Of Roman virtue, and of Cato\ caufe, 
 He had not fallen by a flave's hand, inglorious : 
 Nor would his flaughtcr'd army now have lain 
 
 P p 2 On
 
 2^2 CAT 0, 
 
 On ji^fnck's fands, disfigur'd with their wounds. 
 To gorge the Wolves and Vultures of Num'td'ia, 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Why do'ft thou call my Jfbrrows up afrefh ? 
 My Father's name brings tears into my eyes. 
 
 STP H A X. 
 
 Oh-' that you'd profit by your Father's ills! 
 
 J U B A. 
 What would'fl thou have me do ? 
 
 s r P H AX. 
 
 Abandon Cato. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 SyphaXj I fliould be more than twice an Orphan 
 By fuch a lols. 
 
 S T P H A X. 
 
 Ay, there's the tie that binds" you f 
 You long to call him Father. Marcid's charms 
 Work in your heart unleen, and plead for Cato. 
 No wonder you are deaf to all I fay. 
 
 J U B A, 
 
 SyphaXy your zeal becomes importunate ; 
 I've hitherto permitted it to rave. 
 
 And
 
 C A TO, 293 
 
 And talk at large j but learn to keep it in, 
 
 Left it fliould take more freedom than I'll give it. 
 
 S Y P H A X. 
 
 Sir, your great father never ufed me thus. 
 Alas, he's dead! but can you e'er forget 
 The tender forrows, and the pangs of nature, 
 The fond embraces, and repeated bleflings. 
 Which you drew from him in your laft farewel l 
 Still muft I cherifh the dear, fad, remembrance, 
 At once to torture, and to pleafe my foul. 
 The good old King at parting wrung my hand, 
 (His eyes brim-full of tears) then fighing cry'd, 
 
 Pr'ythee be careful of my fon? his grief 
 
 Swell'd up (b high, he could not utter more. 
 
 J U B A, 
 
 Alas, thy ftory melts away my foul. 
 That beft of fathers! how fliall I difcharsre 
 The gratitude and duty which I owe him ! 
 
 s r P H A X. 
 
 By laying up his counfels' in your heart, 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 His counfels bade me yield to thy directions : 
 Then, SyphaXj chide me in fevereft terms. 
 Vent all thy pafTion, and I'll ftand its {hock. 
 Calm and unruffled as a iummer-fea. 
 When not a breath of wind flies o'er its furface. 
 
 STP HAX
 
 294 CAT 0. 
 
 s r P H A X. 
 
 Alas, my Prince, I'd guide you- to your fafety. 
 
 J U B A. 
 I do believe thou would'ft : but tell me how ? 
 
 S r P H AX. 
 
 Fly from the fate that follows Cafar's foes. 
 
 J U B A. 
 My father fcorn'd to do it. 
 
 s r P H A X 
 
 And therefore dy'd. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Better to die ten thoufand thoufand deaths. 
 Than wound my honour. 
 
 s r P H A X. 
 
 Rather fay your love. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 S'yphax, I've promis'd to preferve my temper. 
 Why wilt thou urge me to confefs a flame, 
 I long have ftifled, and would fain conceal ? 
 
 STP H A X 
 
 Believe mxC, Prince, tho' hard to conquer love, 
 'Tis eafie to divert and break its force :
 
 C A T 0. 29s 
 
 Abfence might cure it, or a fecond miflrefs 
 Light up another flame, and put out this. 
 The glowing dames of Zcimas royal court 
 Have faces flufht with more exalted charms ; 
 The Sun, that rolls his chariot o'er their heads, 
 Works up more fire and colour in their cheeks : 
 Were you with thefe, my Prince, you'd foon forger 
 The pale unripen'd beauties of the North. 
 
 J U B A 
 
 'Tis not a fett of features, or complexion. 
 The tincture of a skin, that I admire. 
 Beauty ibon grows familiar to the lover. 
 Fades in his eye, and palls upon the fenfe. 
 The virtuous Marcia tow'rs above her iex : 
 True, fhe is fair, (Oh how divinely fair ! ) 
 But ftill the lovely maid improves her charms 
 With inward greatnefs, unaffected wifdom. 
 And fandtity of manners. Cato'^foyA 
 Shines out in every thing £he ads or fpeaks. 
 While winninsT mildnels and attractive fmiles 
 Dwell in her looks, and with becoming grace 
 Soften the rigour of her father's virtues. 
 
 S T P H A X. 
 
 How does your tongue grow wanton in her praifc! 
 But on my knees 1 beg you would confider 
 
 J U B A. 
 Hah ! Syphax, is't not fhe ! {lie moves tliis way : 
 
 And
 
 296 CAT 0. 
 
 And with her Luc'ia^ Luc'msh fair daughter. 
 
 My heart beats thick — I pr'ythee Syphax leave me. 
 
 s r P H A X. 
 
 Ten thouland curies fallen on 'em both ! 
 Now will this woman with a fingle glance 
 Undo, what I've been labouring all this while. [Exit. 
 
 SCENE V. 
 
 TUBA, MARCIA, LUCIA. 
 
 y U B A 
 
 Hail charming Maid! how does thy beauty fmooth 
 The face of war, and make even Horror fmile! 
 At fight of thee my heart {hakes off its forrows j 
 I feel a dawn of joy break in upon me. 
 And for a while forget th' approach of C^/ar, 
 
 MARCIA 
 
 I Ihould be griev'd, young Prince, to think my prefence 
 Unbent your thoughts, and flacken'd 'em to arms, 
 While, warm with flaughter, our victorious foe 
 Threatens aloud, and calls you to the field. 
 
 J U B A, 
 
 O Marc'ta^ let me hope thy kind concerns 
 And gentle wifiics follow me to battel / 
 
 The
 
 C A T 0. 297 
 
 The thought will give new vigour to my arm, 
 Add ftrength and weight to my defcending fwordj 
 And drive it in a tempeft on the foe. 
 
 M A R C I A. 
 
 My prayers and wiflies always (hall attend 
 The friends of Rome^ the glorious caufe of virtue. 
 And men approv'd of by the Gods and Cato^ 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 That Juba may deferve thy pious cares, 
 I'll gaze for ever on thy godlike father, 
 Tranfplanting, one by one, into my life 
 His bright perfections, 'till I Ihine like him. 
 
 M A R C I A. 
 
 My father never at a time like this 
 Would lay out his great foul in words, and wafte 
 Such precious moments. 
 
 JUBA. 
 
 Thy reproofs are jufl:. 
 Thou virtuous maid ,• I'll haflen to my troops, 
 And fire their languid fouls with Cato's virtue. 
 If e'er I lead them to the field, when all 
 The war (hall ftand ranged in its juft array. 
 And dreadfiil pomp: then will I think on thee! 
 O lovely Maid, then will I think on thee! 
 And, in the {hock of charging hofts, remember 
 What glorious deeds fhould grace the man, who hopes 
 For Marc'ta's love. [Exit. 
 
 Vol. I. (iq SCENE
 
 298 C A T 0. 
 
 SCENE VI. 
 
 LUCIA, M A R C I A. 
 
 LUCIA 
 
 Marciay you're too fevere : 
 How could you chide the young good-natured Prince, 
 And drive him from you with fo ftern an air, 
 A Prince that loves and doats on you to death ? 
 
 M A R C I A. 
 
 'Tis therefore, Luc'ta, that I chide him from me.. 
 His air, his voice, his looks, and honeft foul 
 Speak all fo movingly in his behalf, 
 I dare not truft my felf to hear him talk. 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 Why will you fight againft fb fweet a pailion. 
 And fteel your heart to fuch a world of charms. 
 
 M A R C I A 
 
 How, Lticla / would'ft thou have me fink away^ 
 In pleafing dreams, and lofe my felf in love, 
 When every moment Catd's life's at (lake ? 
 Cafar comes arm'd with terror and revenge, 
 And aims his thunder at my father's head : 
 Should not the fad occafion fwallow up 
 My other cares, and draw them all into it? 
 
 LUCIA
 
 C A 7 0. 299 
 
 LUCIA 
 
 why have not I this conftancy of mind. 
 Who have fo many griefs to try its force? 
 Sure, Nature form'd me of her fofteft mould, 
 Enfeebled all my foul with tender paffions. 
 And fiink me even below my own weak fex : 
 Pity and love, by turns, opprefs my heart. 
 
 M A R C I A 
 
 Luciay disburthen all thy cares on me. 
 And let me fhare thy moft retired diftrefs ; 
 Tell me who raifes up this conflfid in thee ? 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 I need not blufh to name them, when I tell thee 
 They're Mama's brothers, and the fbns of Cafo. 
 
 M A R C I A. 
 
 They both behold thee with their filler's eyes ; 
 And often have reveal'd their paflion to me. 
 But tell me, whofe addreis thou favour 'ft moil : 
 I long to know, and yet I dread to hear it. 
 
 LUCIA 
 
 Which is it Mania wifhes for ? 
 
 MAR CIA. 
 
 For neither 
 
 And yet for both the youths have equal fhare 
 
 (iq 1 In
 
 300 C A T 0, 
 
 In Marcid!<> wifhes, and divide their fifter : 
 But tell me, which of them is Lucia's choice ? 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 Marc'ta, they both are high in my efteem, 
 
 But in my love why wilt thou make me name him ? 
 
 Thou know'ft it is a blind and fooHfh paflion, 
 Pleas'd and dilgufted with it knows not what 
 
 M A R C I A. 
 
 O Lticiaj I'm perplex'd, O tell me which 
 I muft hereafter call my happy brother ? 
 
 LUCIA, 
 
 Suppofe 'twere Port'msj could you blame my choice ? 
 
 O Portim, thou haft ftol'n away my foul ! 
 
 With what a graceful tendernefs he loves ! 
 And breathes the fofteft, the iincereft vows ! 
 Complacency, and truth, and manly iweetn&fs 
 Dwell ever on his tongue, and fmooth his thoughts. 
 Marcm is over-warm, his fond complaints 
 Have fo much earneftnefs and paflion in them, 
 1 hear him with a fee ret kind of horrour. 
 And tremble at his vehemence of temper. 
 
 M A R C I A. 
 
 Alas poor youth ! how can'ft thou throw him from thee ? 
 Lucia, thou know'ft not half the love he bears thee,- 
 Whene'er he fpeaks of thee, his heart's in flames. 
 He fends out all his foul in every word. 
 
 And
 
 c A r 0. 301 
 
 And thinks, and talks, and looks like one traniported. 
 Unhappy youth ! how will thy coldnefs raife 
 Tempefts and ftorms in his affli(^ed bofom! 
 I dread the confequence. 
 
 LUCIA, 
 
 You feem to plead 
 Againfl your brother Port'ms. 
 
 M A R C 1 A, 
 
 Heaven forbid! 
 Had Porttm been the unfuccelsful lover. 
 The fame compaflion would, have falPn on him. 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 Was ever virgin love diftrefs'd like mine? 
 Pori'ms himfelf oft falls in tears before me. 
 As if he mourn'd his rival's ill jfucceis, 
 Then bids me hide the motions of my heart, 
 Nor fhow which way it turns. So much he fears 
 The fad effects that it would have on Marcus. 
 
 M A R C I A. 
 
 He knows too well how eafily he's fired. 
 And would not plunge his brother in defpair. 
 But waits for happier times, and kinder moments, 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 Alas, too late I find my felf involved 
 In endleis griefs, and labyrinths of woe, 
 
 Born-.
 
 302 CAT 0. 
 
 Born to afflid my Marcos family, 
 
 And fow difTention in the hearts of brothers. 
 
 Tormenting thought ! it cuts into my foul, 
 
 M A R C I A. 
 
 Let us not, Luc'ta, aggravate our forrows, 
 But to the Gods permit th' event of things. 
 Our lives, difcolour'd with our prefent woes. 
 May ftill grow white, and fmile with happier hours. 
 
 So the pure Hmpid ftream when foul with ftains. 
 Of ruftiing torrents, and defcending rains. 
 Works it felf dear, and as it runs, refines; 
 'Till by degrees, the floating mirrour fhines, 
 Refleds each flow'r that on the border grows. 
 And a new Heaven in its fair bofbm fhows. \Exeunt. 
 
 ACT
 
 CAT 0. 303 
 
 ACT II. S C E N E I. 
 
 The SENATE, 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 ROME ftill furvives in this aflembled Senate! 
 Let us remember we are Catd's friends, 
 And ad like men who claim that glorious title. 
 
 L U C TU S, 
 
 Cato will fbon be here, and open to us 
 Th' occafion of our meeting. Heark ! he comes ! 
 
 [A found of trumpets. 
 May all the guardian gods of Rome dired him! 
 
 Enter G A T O. 
 
 c J r 0. 
 
 Fathers, we once again arie met in council. 
 defar's approach has fummonM us together. 
 And Rome attends her fate from our refolves : 
 How ihall we treat this bold afpiring man ? 
 Succefs ftill follows him, and backs his crimes : 
 PharfaJia gave him Rome ; Egypt has fmce 
 Received his yoke, and the whole Ntle is defar'^. 
 
 Why
 
 304 CAT 0. 
 
 why {hould I mention Juha's overthrow, i 
 
 And Scipio's death ? Numidid's burning fands 
 Still fmoke with blood. 'Tis time we fhould decree 
 What courfe to take. Our foe advances on us, 
 And envies us even Lth^a\ fultry defarts. 
 Fathers, pronounce your thoughts, are they ftill fixt 
 To hold it out, and fight it to the laft ? 
 Or arc your hearts fubdu'd at length, and wrought 
 By time and ill fuccefs to a fubmiflion ? 
 Scmpromus fpeak. 
 
 S E M P R N I U S. 
 
 My voice is ftill for war. 
 Gods, can a Roman Senate long debate 
 Which of the two to chufe, flavery or death ! 
 No, let us rife at once, gird on our fwords. 
 And, at the head of our remaining troops. 
 Attack the foe, break through the thick array 
 Of his throng'd legions, and charge home upon him. 
 Perhaps fome arm, more lucky than the reft. 
 May reach his heart, and free the world from bondage. 
 Rife, Fathers, rife ! 'tis Rome demands your help j 
 Rife, and revenge her ftaughter'd citizens. 
 
 Or ftiare their fate ! the corps of half her Senate 
 
 Manure the fields of Thejfalj, while we 
 
 Sit here, deliberating in cold debates, 
 
 If we ftiould facrifice our lives to honour, 
 
 Or wear them out in fervitude and chains. 
 
 Roufe up for fliame ! our brothers oiPharfal'ta 
 
 Point at their wounds, and cry aloud To battel ! 
 
 Great
 
 C A T 0. 305 
 
 Great Pompey's fliade complains that we are flow. 
 And Scipio's ghoft walks unrevenged amongft us ? 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Let not a torrent of impetuous zeal 
 Tranfport thee thus beyond the bounds of reafbn : 
 True fortitude is feen in great exploits 
 That juftice warrants, and that wifdom guides. 
 All elfe is tow'ring frenzy and diftradiion. 
 Are not the lives of thofe, who draw the fword 
 In Rome's defence, cntrufted to our care ? 
 Should we thus lead them to a field of flaughter, 
 Might not th' impartial world with reafon fay 
 We lavifh'd at our deaths the blood of thoufands. 
 To grace our fall, and make our ruine glorious ? 
 LuciuSy we next would know what's your opinion. 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 
 My thoughts, I mufl confefs, are turn'd on peace. 
 Already have our quarrels fiU'd the world 
 With widows and with orphans : Scythia mourns 
 Our guilty wars, and earth's remoteft regions 
 Lie half unpeopled by the feuds of Rome: 
 'Tis time to {heath the fword, and fpare mankind. 
 It is not Cafar^ but the Gods, my fathers. 
 The Gods declare againft us, and repell 
 Our vain attempts. To urge the foe to battel, 
 ( Prompted by blind revenge and wild deipair) 
 Were to refufe th' awards of Providence, 
 And not to reft in Heaven's determination. 
 
 Vol. I. R r Already
 
 3cd C A f 0. 
 
 Already have we {liown our love to Rome, 
 
 Now let us fliow fubmiflion to the Gods. 
 
 We took up arms, not to revenge our felves, 
 
 But free the common-wealth ^ when this end fails. 
 
 Arms have no further ufe : our country's caufe, 
 
 That drew our (words, now v/refts 'em from our hands^ 
 
 And bids us not delight in Roman blood, 
 
 Unprofitably flicd ; what men could do 
 
 Is done already : Heaven and earth will witne/s. 
 
 If Rome muft fall, that we are innocent. 
 
 y E M P R N I U S. 
 
 This fmooth difcourfe and mild behaviour oft 
 
 Conceal a traytor fomething whifpers me 
 
 All is not right Cato, beware of Lucius. \Afide to Cato. 
 
 c A r 0, 
 
 Let us appear nor rafh nor diffident : 
 Immoderate valour fwells into a fault, 
 And fear, admitted into publick counfels. 
 Betrays like treafon. Let us fhun 'em both. 
 Fathers, I cannot fee that our affairs 
 Are grown thus defperatc. We have bulwarks round us j. 
 Within our walls are troops enured to toil 
 In Jfrick's heats, and feafon'd to the fun ; 
 Num'id'ia's fpacious kingdom lies behind us. 
 Ready to rife at its young Prince's call. 
 While there is hope, do not diftruft the Gods ,-.: 
 But wait at lead 'till Cafafs, near approach 
 Force us to yield. 'Twill never be too late 
 
 To
 
 C A T 0. 307 
 
 To file for chains, and own a conqueror. 
 Why {hould Rome fall a moment ere her time ? 
 No, let us draw her term of freedom out 
 In its fliU length, and fpin it to the laft. 
 So fliall we gain ftill one day's liberty ; 
 And let me perifli, but, in Catoh judgment, 
 A day, an hour of virtuous liberty. 
 Is worth a whole eternity in bondage. 
 
 Enter MARCUS. 
 
 MAR C U S. 
 
 Fathers, this moment, as I watch'd the gates 
 Lodg'd on my poft, a herald is arrived 
 From Cdefafs camp, and with him comes old Decius^ 
 The Roman knight j he carries in his looks 
 Impatience, and demands to fpeak with Cato. 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 By your permiflion, fathers, bid liim enter. 
 
 \Exit Marcus. 
 Deem was once my friend, but other profpeds 
 Have loofed thofe ties, and bound him faft to Cafar. 
 His meffage may determine our refolves. 
 
 
 
 R r ^ SCENE
 
 3o8 CAT 0. 
 
 SCENE 11. 
 
 D E C I U S, C A T O, &c 
 
 D E C I U S. 
 
 C<efar fends health to Cato. — - 
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 Could he fend it 
 To Catd'^ flaughter'd friends, it would be welcome^ 
 Are not your orders to addrefs the Senate ? 
 
 D E C lU S. 
 
 My bufinels is with Cato : Gafar fees 
 The freights, to which you're driven j and, as he knows 
 Cato'^ high worth, is anxious for your life. 
 
 CATO. 
 
 My life is grafted on the fate oi Rome: 
 Would he fave Cato7 bid him fpare his country. 
 Tell your Di6tator this : and tell him, Cato 
 Difdains a life, which he has power to offer. 
 
 D E C I U S. 
 
 Rome and her Senators fbbmit to C^far-, 
 Her Generals and her Confiils are no more, 
 Who check'd his conquefls, and denied his triumphs^ 
 Why will not Cato be this C^fafs friend ? 
 
 CATO.
 
 C A T 0. 309 
 
 C AT 0. 
 Thofe very rcafons, thou haft urged, forbid it. 
 
 D E C I U S. 
 
 CatOj I've orders to expoftulate, 
 And reafon with you, as from friend to friend : 
 Think on the ftorm that gathers o'er your head. 
 And threatens every hour to burft upon it; 
 Still may you ftand high in your country's honours. 
 Do but comply, and make your peace with C<efar^ 
 Rome will rejoice, and caft its eyes onCato^ 
 As on the fecond of mankind. 
 
 C ATO, 
 
 No moref 
 I muft not think of hfe on fuch conditions. 
 
 D E C I U S. 
 
 C<efar is well acquainted with your virtues. 
 And therefore k.i% this value on your life : 
 Let him but know the price of Cato\ friendihip;, 
 And name your terms. 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Bid him disband his legions, 
 Reftore the common-wealth to liberty. 
 Submit his a6tions to the publick cenfiire, 
 And ftand the judgment of a Roman Senate. 
 Bid him do this, and Cato is his friend, 
 
 DECIUS.
 
 310 C A T 0, 
 
 D E C lU S. 
 
 CatOj the world talks loudly of your v/ifdom— 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Nay more, tlio' Cato's voice was ne'er employ'd 
 To clear the guilty, and to verniHi crimes. 
 My felf will mount the Roftrum in his favour. 
 And drive to gain his pardon from the people, 
 
 D E C lUS. 
 
 A ftile, like this, becomes a Conqueror, 
 
 c A r 0, 
 
 Deems, a ftile, like this, becomes a Roman. 
 
 D E C lUS, 
 
 What is a Roman j that is Cafar's foe ? 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Greater than Cafar : he's a friend to virtue. 
 
 D EC lU S, 
 
 Confider, Cato, you're in Utkaj 
 And at the head of your own little Senate ; 
 You don't now thunder in the capitol. 
 With all the mouths of Rome to fecond you. 
 
 CATO, 
 
 .Let him confider that, who drives us hither : 
 
 'Tis
 
 C A TO. 311 
 
 'Tis defar's fword has made Rome's Senate little. 
 And thinn'd its ranks. Alas, thy dazled eye 
 Beholds this man in a falie glaring light. 
 Which conqueft and fuccefs have thrown upon liim ; 
 Didft thou but view him right, thou'dft fee him black. 
 With murder, treafon, facrilege, and crimes 
 That flrike my foul with horror but to name 'em. 
 I know thou look'ft on me, as on a wretch 
 Befet with ills, and cover'd with misfortunes ; 
 But, by the Gods I fwear, millions of worlds 
 Should never buy me to be like that Cafar, 
 
 D E C I U S, 
 
 Does Cato fend this anfwer back to CafaVy 
 For all his generous cares, and profFer'd friendfhip ? 
 
 CATO. 
 
 His cares for me are infolent and vain: 
 Prejfiimptuous man ! the Gods take care of Cato> 
 Would Cafar {how the greatnefs of his foul ? 
 Bid him employ his care for thefe my friends. 
 And make good ufe of his ill-gotten power. 
 By fhelt'ring men much better than himfelf 
 
 D E C lU S. 
 
 Your high unconquer'd heart makes you forget 
 You are a Man. You rufli on your deftrudion. 
 But I have done. When I relate hereafter 
 The tale of this unhappy embaflie. 
 
 All Rome will be in tear^.. \Extt Decius. 
 
 SCENE
 
 312 C A T 0, 
 
 SCENE III. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS, LUCIUS, CATO, &c 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Ca/Oy we thank thee. 
 The mighty genius of immortal Rome 
 Speaks in thy voice, thy foul breathes Uberty : 
 C^efar will flirink to hear the words thou utter'ft, 
 And Ihudder in the midft of all his conquefts. 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 
 The Senate ownes its gratitude to CaiOj 
 Who with fo great a foul confults its fafety, 
 And guards our lives, while he negleds his own. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Sempromm gives no thanks on this account, 
 Lucius fcems fond of life ^ but what is Life ? 
 'Tis not to ftalk about, and draw frefli air 
 From time to time, or gaze upon the Sun j 
 'Tis to be Free, When liberty is gone, 
 Lil-e grows infipid, and has loft its relifli. 
 O could my dying hand but lodge a fword 
 In Ccefafs bofom, and revenge my country. 
 By Heavens I could enjoy the pangs of death. 
 And fmile in agony. 
 
 LUCIUS
 
 313 
 
 C A T 0, 
 
 LUCIUS, 
 
 Others perhaps 
 May ferve their country with as warm a zeal, 
 Though 'tis not kindled into fo much rage. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS, 
 
 This fober condud is a mighty virtue 
 In luke-warm Patriots. 
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 Come! no more, Sempron'ms, 
 All here are friends to Romey and to each other. 
 Let us not weaken ftill the weaker fide. 
 By our divifions. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS, 
 
 CatOj my refentments 
 Are facrificed to Rome 1 ftand reproved. 
 
 c A r 0, 
 
 Fathers, 'tis time you come to a refolve. 
 
 LUCIUS 
 
 CatOy we all go into your opinion. 
 Cafafs behaviour has convinced the Senate 
 We ought to hold it out 'till terms arrive. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS 
 
 We ought to hold it out 'till death ; but, CatOy 
 My private voice is drown'd amid the Senate's. 
 
 Vol. I. S f CATO.
 
 314 C A 7 0. 
 
 C AT 0. 
 
 Then let us rife, my friends, and ftrive to fill 
 This little interval, this paufe of life, 
 (While yet our liberty and fates are doubtful) 
 With refolution, friendfhip, Roman bravery. 
 And all the virtues we can crowd into it ,- 
 That Heaven may fay, it ought to be prolong'd. 
 
 Fathers, farewel The young Num'tdtan Prince 
 
 Comes forward, and expeds to know our counfels. 
 
 SCENE IV. 
 
 C A T O, J U B A, 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Juhaj the Roman Senate has reiblVd, 
 ^Till time give better profped;s, ftill to keep 
 The fword unfheath'd, and turn its edge on C^far. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 The refolution fits a Roman Senate. 
 Bat, Cato, lend me for a while thy patience, 
 And condefcend to hear a young man ipeak. 
 
 My father, when fome days before his death 
 He order'd me to march for Ut'ica 
 
 (AlaSj
 
 C A T 0. ■ 315 
 
 ( Alas, I thought not then his death fo near I ) 
 Wept o'er me, prefl: me in his aged arms, 
 And, as his griefs gave way, my fon, faid he, 
 Whatever fortune fhall befall thy father. 
 Be Catoi's friend, he'll train thee up to great 
 And virtuous deeds : do but obferve him well, 
 Thou'lt Ihun misfortunes, or thou'lt learn to bear 'em* 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Juba, thy father was a worthy Prince, 
 And merited, alas ! a better fate ; 
 But Heaven thought otherwife. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 My father's fate. 
 In fpight of all the fortitude, that fhines 
 Before my face, in Cato's, great example. 
 Subdues my foul, and fills my eyes with tears. 
 
 C At 0. 
 It is an honeft forrow, and becomes thee. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 My father drew re/pe6t from foreign climes : 
 The Kings of Afnck fought him for their friend ,• 
 Kings far remote, that rule, as fame reports. 
 Behind the hidden (burces of the Ntkj 
 In diftant worlds, on t' other fide the Sun : 
 Oft have their black ambalTadors appeared, 
 Loaden with gifts, and fill'd the courts of Zama. 
 
 Sf 1 CATO.
 
 3i6 \ C A T 0. 
 
 C AT 0. 
 
 I am no flranger to thy father's greatnefs ! 
 
 J U B A 
 
 I would not boafl: the greatnefs of my father. 
 But point out new alliances to Cato. 
 Had we not better leave this Utica, 
 To arm Num'td'ia in our caufe, and court 
 Th' affiftance of my father's powerful friends? 
 Did they know CatQy our remotefl Kings 
 Would pour embattled multitudes about him ; 
 Their fwarthy hofts would darken all our plains. 
 Doubling the native horrour of the war. 
 And making death more grim. 
 
 CATO, 
 
 And canft thou think 
 Cato will fly before the fword of Cafar ? 
 Reduced like Hannibal ^ to feek relief 
 From court to court, and wander up and down, 
 A vagabond in Afrkk ! 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 CatOj perhaps 
 I'm too officious, but my forward cares 
 Would fain preferve a life of fo much value. 
 My heart is wounded, when I fee liich virtue 
 Alflided by the weight of fuch misfortunes. 
 
 CATO,
 
 C A T 0. 317 
 
 C AT 0. 
 
 Thy noblenefs of foul obliges me. 
 But know, youog Prince, that valour foars above 
 What the world calls misfortune and afflidlion. 
 Thefe are not ills ,• elfe would they never fall 
 On Heaven's firft favourites, and the beft of men: 
 The Gods, in bounty, work up ftorms about us. 
 That give mankind occafion to exert 
 Their hidden ftrength, and throw out into pradice 
 Virtues, which fliun the day, and lie conceal'd 
 In the fmooth feafons and the calms of Hfe. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 I'm charm'd whene'er thou talk'fl:.' I pant for virtue! 
 And all my jfbul endeavours at perfedlion. 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Doft thou love watchings, abftinence, and toil, 
 Labctfious virtues all ? learn them from Cato : 
 Succefs and fortune muft thou learn from Ccefar. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 The beft good fortune that can fall on Juha, 
 The whole fuccefs, at which my heart afpires, 
 Depends on Cato. 
 
 CATO, 
 
 What docs Juha fay ? 
 Thy words confound me, 
 
 t J U B A.
 
 31-8 C A T 0. 
 
 y u B A 
 
 I would fain retrad them. 
 Give 'em me back again. They aim'd at nothingc 
 
 c J r 0. 
 
 Tell me thy wiih, young Prince j make not my ear 
 A ftranger to thy thoughts. 
 
 J U B A 
 
 Oh, they're extravagant; 
 Still let me hide them. 
 
 C AT 0, 
 
 What can Juha ask 
 That Cato will refufe! 
 
 J V B A. 
 
 I fear to name it. 
 Mama' — -inherits all her father's virtues. 
 
 CATO. 
 
 What would'ft thou fay ? 
 
 J U B A. 
 Cato, thou haft a daughter. 
 
 CATO. 
 
 Adieu, young Prince : I would not hear a word 
 Should lelTen thee in my efteem : remember 
 
 The
 
 c A r 0. 319 
 
 The hand of fate is over us, and Heaven 
 Exa(^s feverity from all our thoughts : 
 It is not now a time to talk of aught 
 But chains, or conqucft j hberty, or death. 
 
 SCENE V. 
 
 S Y P H A X, J U B A. 
 
 S Y P H A X. 
 
 How's this, my Pi^nce f what, coverld with confufion ? 
 You look as if yon ftern Philofbpher 
 Had }uft now chid you. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Syphax, I'm undone! 
 
 S r P MAX, 
 I know it well. 
 
 J UB A. 
 
 Cato thinks meanly of me. 
 
 S T P H A X. 
 
 And fo will all mankind. 
 
 J U B A, 
 
 I've opened to him 
 The weaknefs of my foul, my love for Mardo'^
 
 320 
 
 C A 7 0. 
 
 S TP H AX. 
 
 CaWs a proper perfon to entrufl 
 A love-tale with. 
 
 J U B A 
 
 Oh, I could pierce my heart. 
 My fooliili heart ! was ever wretch like Juba 7 
 
 STPHAX, 
 
 Alas, my Prince, how are you changed of late! 
 I've known young Juha rife, before the Sun, 
 To beat the thicket where the Tiger flept, 
 Or feek the Lion in his dreadful haunts : 
 How did the colour mount into your cheeks. 
 When firft you roufed him to the chafe! I've feen you, 
 Even in the Libyan Dog-days, hunt him down. 
 Then charge him clofe, provoke him to the rage 
 Of fangs and claws, and (looping from your Horfe 
 Rivet the panting favage to the ground. 
 
 J U B A, 
 Pr'ythee, no more! 
 
 S r P H A X. 
 
 How would the old King fmile 
 To fee you weigh the paws, when tipp'd with gold. 
 And throw the fhaggy fpoils about your flioulders ! 
 
 J U B A. 
 Syphaxj this old man's talk (tho' honey flow'd 
 
 In
 
 C A T 0. 321 
 
 In every word) would now lofe all its fweetneis, 
 Cata's difpleas'd, and Mania loft: for ever .' 
 
 s r P H A X. 
 
 Young Prince, I yet could give you good advice. 
 Mania might ftill be yours. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 What fay'ft thou, Syphax ? 
 By heavens, thou turn'fl me all into attention. 
 
 S T P H A X. 
 
 Mania might ftill be yours. 
 
 J U B A. 
 As how, dear Syphax? 
 
 s r P H A X. 
 
 Juba commands Numidia's hardy troops. 
 Mounted on fteeds, unuled to the reftraint 
 Of curbes or bittes, and fleeter than the winds : 
 Give but the word, we'll fnatch this damfel up, 
 And bear her off. 
 
 JUBA. 
 
 Can fuch diftioneft thoughts 
 Rife up in man ! would'ft thou feduce my youth 
 To do an ad; that would deftroy my honour ? 
 
 s r P H A X. 
 
 Gods, 1 could tear my beard to hear you talk! 
 
 Vol. I. T t Honour's
 
 322 CAT 0. 
 
 Honour's a fine imaginary notion, 
 
 That draws in raw and unexperienced men 
 
 To real mifchiefs, while they hunt a fhadow. 
 
 JU B A 
 
 Would'ft thou degrade thy Prince into a Ruffian ? 
 
 STP HA X. 
 
 The boafted Anceftors of thefe great men, 
 Whofe virtues you admire, were all fuch Ruffians. 
 This dread of nations, this almighty Rome^ 
 That comprehends in her wide empire's bounds 
 All under Heaven, was founded on a Rape. 
 Your Sc'ipio'Sy defafSj Pompe'fs, and your Cato^s, 
 ( Thefe Gods on earth) are all the fpurious brood 
 Of violated maids, of ravifh'd Sahmes, 
 
 J U B A, 
 
 Syphax, I fear that hoary head of thine 
 Abounds too much in our Num'td'ian wiles. 
 
 SY P H A X, 
 
 Indeed, my Prince, you want to know the world ^ 
 You have not read mankind j your youth admires 
 The throws and fwellings of a Roman foul, 
 CaW^ bold flights, tli' extravagance of virtue. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 If knowledge of the world makes man perfidious, 
 May Juba ever live in ignorance! 
 
 STP H AX.
 
 C A T 0, 323 
 
 SYPHAX. 
 
 Go, go, you're young. 
 
 J U B A, 
 
 Gods, muft I tamely bear 
 This arrogance unanfwer'd ! thou'rt a traitor, 
 A falfe old traitor. 
 
 ST P H A X, 
 
 I have gone too far. [Afjde» 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Cato fhall know the bafenels of thy foul. 
 
 s r P H A X. 
 
 I muft appeafe this ftorm, or perifli in it. \Afide, 
 
 Young Prince, behold thefe locks that are grown white 
 Beneath a helmet in your father's battels. 
 
 J U B A. 
 Thofe locks {hall ne'er protect thy infblence. 
 
 S T P H A X 
 
 Muft one rafti word, th' infirmity of age. 
 Throw down the merit of my better years ? 
 This the reward of a whole life of (ervice ! 
 Curfe on the boy ! how fteadily he hears me \ [Afide. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Is it becaufe the throne of my fore-fathers 
 
 Tt z Still
 
 324 CAT 0. 
 
 Still ftands unfill'd, and that Numidia's crown 
 Hangs doubtful yet, whofe head it {hall enclofe. 
 Thou thus prefumeft to treat thy Prince with fcorn ? 
 
 S T P H A X. 
 
 Why will you rive my heart with fuch expreflions > 
 Does not old Syphax follow you to war ? 
 What are his aims ? why does he load with darts 
 His trembling hand, and crufli beneath a cask 
 His wrinkled brows ? what is it he afpires to ,- 
 Is it not this : to flied the flow remains, 
 His lafl; poor ebb of blood, in your defence ? 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Syphax y no more f I would not hear you talk. 
 
 S Y P H A X. 
 
 Not hear me talk ! what, when my faith to Juha^ 
 My royal mafler's fon, is call'd in quefl:ion ? 
 My Prince may ftrike me dead, and Fll be dumb : 
 But whilft I live I muft not hold my tongue. 
 And languifli out old age in his difpleajfure. 
 
 J U B A, 
 
 Thou know'fl: the way too well into my heart, 
 I do believe thee loyal to thy Prince. 
 
 S T P H A X. 
 
 What greater inllance can I o;ive ? I've offer'd 
 To do an action, which my foul abhors. 
 And gain you whom you love at any price.
 
 C A T 0, 
 
 J U B A 
 
 "Was this thy motive ? I have been too hafly, 
 
 S T P H A X, 
 
 And 'tis for this my Prince has called me traitor. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Sure thou miftakefl; j I did not call thee fo. 
 
 S T P H A X, 
 
 You did indeed, my Prince, you called me traitor : 
 Nay, further, threaten'd you'd complain to Cato. 
 Of what, my Prince, would you complain to Cato 7 
 That Syphax loves you, and would facrifice 
 His life, nay more, his honour in your fervice. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Syphax, I know thou lov'fl: me, but indeed 
 Thy zeal for Juba carried thee too far. 
 Honour's a facred tie, the law of Kings, 
 The noble mind's diftinguifliing perfection, 
 That aids and ftrengthcns virtue, where it meets her^ . 
 And imitates her a<5tions, where {lie is not : 
 It ought not to be fported with. 
 
 S T P H A X. 
 
 By ][^cavcns 
 I'm raviflVd when you talk thus, tho' you chide mc f 
 Alas, I've hitherto been ufed to think 
 
 32J 
 
 A.
 
 92^ C A T 0, 
 
 A blind officious zeal to ferve my King 
 The ruling principle, that ought to burn 
 And quench all others in a fubjed's heart. 
 Happy the people, who preferve their honour. 
 By the fame duties, that oblige their Prince ! 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Syphax, thou now begin'ft to fpeak thy fel£ 
 Numidio's grown a fcorn among the nations 
 For breach of publick vows. Our Pumck faith 
 Is infamous, and branded to a proverb. 
 SyphaXj we'll join our cares, to purge away 
 Our country's crimes, and clear her reputation. 
 
 S T P H A X. 
 
 Believe me. Prince, you make old S'yphax weep 
 
 To hear you talk but 'tis with tears ®f joy. 
 
 If e'er your father's crown adorn your brows, 
 Numidta will be bleft by Catoh le^ures, 
 
 J U B A, 
 
 S'yphax J thy hand! we'll mutually forget 
 The warmth of youth, and frowardnefs of age : 
 Thy Prince cfteems thy worth, and loves thy perfon. 
 If e'er the fcepter comes into my hand, 
 S'yphax fliall ftand the fecond in my kingdom. 
 
 S T P H A X. 
 
 Why will you overwhelm my age with kindnefs ? 
 My joy grows burdenfome, I {Iian't fupport it. 
 
 JUBA.
 
 C A T 0. 327 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Syphax^ farewel, I'll hence, and try to find 
 Some bleft occafion that may fct me right 
 In Cato's thoughts. I'd rather have that man 
 Approve my deeds, than worlds for my admirers. 
 
 S Y P H A X folm. 
 
 Young men foon give, and foon forget affronts ,• 
 
 Old age is flow in both A falfe old traitor ! 
 
 Thofe words, rafli boy, may chance to coft thee dear. 
 My heart had fl:ill fome foolifli fondnefs for thee : • 
 But hence! 'tis gone: I give it to the winds: — -- 
 Cafar^ I'm wholly thine 
 
 SCENE VL 
 
 SYPHAX, SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 S T P H A X, 
 
 All hail, Semprontus f 
 Well, Catd'% fenate is refolv'd to wait 
 The fury of a ficge, before it yields. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Syphax, we both were on the verge of fate : 
 
 Lucius
 
 328 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Luc'iHs declared for Peace, and terms were ofFer'd 
 To Cato by a meffenger from Cafar. 
 Should they liibmit, e'er our dcfigns are ripe. 
 We both muft perifh in the common wreck. 
 Loft in a general undiftinguifli'd ruine. 
 
 S T P H A X. 
 
 But how ftands Cato 7 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Thou haft feen mount Atlas : 
 While ftorms and tempefts thunder on its brows, 
 And oceans break their billows at its feet. 
 It ftands unmoved, and glories in its height. 
 Such is that haughty man j his towering foul, 
 'Midft all the fhocks and injuries of fortune, 
 Rifes fuperior, and looks down on defar. 
 
 ST P H A X. ' 
 
 But what's this Meftenger ? 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Fve pradis'd with him. 
 And found a means to let the vidtor know 
 That Sjphax and Sempronms are his friends. 
 But let me now examine in my turn: 
 Is Jiiha fixt ? 
 
 S T P H A X, 
 
 Yes,— =— but it is to Cato. 
 
 I've
 
 C A T 0. 329 
 
 I've try'd the force of every reafon on him, 
 Sooth'd and carefs'd, been angry, footh'd again, 
 Laid fafety, Hfe, and intereft in his fight, 
 But all are vain, he fcorns them all for Cato, 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Come, 'tis no matter, we fhall do without him. 
 He'll make a pretty figure in a triumph. 
 And ferve to trip before the victor's chariot, 
 S'yphax, I now may hope thou haft forfook 
 Thy Juba's caufe, and wiilieft Marc'ia mine. 
 
 S T P H A X. 
 
 May {he be thine as faft as thou would'ft have her ? 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Syphax^ I love that woman ^ though I curfe 
 Her and my felf, yet fpight of me, I love her. 
 
 S r P H A X. 
 
 Make Cato fure, and give up JJucGy 
 Cafar will ne'er refufe thee fuch a trifle. 
 But are thy troops prepared for a revolt ? 
 Does the fedition catch from man to man. 
 And run among their ranks ? 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 All, all is ready. 
 The factious leaders are our friends, that fpreaJ 
 Murmurs and difcontents among the foldicrs. 
 
 Vol. I. U u They
 
 330 
 
 C A 7 0. 
 
 They count their toilfome inarches, lonii fati^'ues. 
 
 Unufual faftings, and will bear no more 
 
 This medly of Philofophy and War. 
 
 Within an hour they'll ftorm the Senate-houic. 
 
 S r P H A X. 
 
 Mean while I'll draw up my Numidian troops 
 Within the fquare, to exercife their arms. 
 And, as I lee occafion, favour thee. 
 I laugh to think how your unfhaken Cato 
 Will look aghaft, while unforefeen deftrudion 
 Pours in upon him thus from every fide. 
 So, where our wide Numtdmn waftes extend, 
 Sudden, th' impetuous hurricanes defcend. 
 Wheel through the air, in circling eddies play. 
 Tear up the fands, and fweep whole plains away. 
 The helplefs traveller, with wild furprize. 
 Sees the dry defart all around him rife. 
 And fmother'd in the dufty whirlwind dies. 
 
 ACT
 
 C A T 0, 331 
 
 ACT III. SCENE L 
 
 MARCUS and FORTIUS. 
 
 MARCUS. 
 
 THANKS to my ftars, I have not ranged about 
 The wilds of life, e'er I could find a friend j 
 Nature firft pointed out my Portms to me. 
 And early taught mc, by her lecret force. 
 To love thy perfon, e'er I knew thy merit j 
 'Till, what was inftind:, grew up into friendfhip. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Marcus^ the friendfhips of the world are oft: 
 Confederacies in vice, or leagues of pleafure ; 
 Ours has fevered virtue for its bafis, 
 And fiich a friendfhip ends not but with life. 
 
 MARCUS 
 
 Port'im, thou know''ft my foul in all its weakncfs. 
 Then pr'ythee {pare me on its tender fide. 
 Indulge me but in love, my other paffions 
 Shall rife and fall by virtue's niceft rules. 
 
 FORTIUS 
 
 When love's well-timed, 'tis not a fault to love, 
 
 U u 2- The
 
 %^2 C A T 0. 
 
 The ftrong, the brave, the virtuous, and the wife, 
 
 Sicrk in the foft captivity together. 
 
 I would not urge thee to difmifs thy paffion, 
 
 (I know 'twere vain) but to iiipprefs its force, 
 
 'Till better times may make it look more graceful. 
 
 MAR C U S. 
 
 Alas J thou talk'ft like one who never felt 
 Th' impatient throbbs and longings of a foul, 
 That pants, and reaches after diftant good. ~ 
 
 A lover does not live by vulgar time : 
 Believe me, Port'ms, in my Lticm\ abfence 
 Life hangs upon me, and becomes a burden j 
 And yet, when I behold the charming maid, 
 I'm ten times more undone ,• while hope and fear, 
 And grief, and rage, and love, rife up at once. 
 And with variety of pain diftrad me. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 What can thy Portm do to give thee help ? 
 
 MAR C U S. 
 
 Pori'mSy thou oft enjoy'll the fair one's preience : 
 Then undertake my caufe, and plead it to her 
 With all the ftrength and heats of eloquence 
 Fraternal love and friendship can infpire. 
 Tell her thy brother languiflies to death. 
 And fades away, and withers in his bloom ,• 
 That he forgets his fleep, and loaths his food. 
 That youth J and health, and war are joylcfs to him : 
 
 Defcribe
 
 C A r 0. 333 
 
 Defcribe his anxious days, and rcftlefs nights, 
 And all the torments that thou feeft me fufFer. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Marcus^ I beg thee give me not an office, 
 That fuits with me fo ill. Thou know'ft my temper. 
 
 MARCUS. 
 
 Wilt thou behold me finking in my woes ? 
 And wilt thou not reach out a friendly arm. 
 To raife me from amidft this plunge of fbrrows ? 
 
 FORTIUS, 
 
 MarcuSj thou canft not ask what I'd refufe. 
 But here believe me I've a thoufand reafons 
 
 MARCUS. 
 
 I know thou'lt fay my paffion's out of feafbn, 
 That Cato's great example and misfortunes 
 Should both confpire to drive it from my thoughts. 
 But what's all this to one who loves like me ! 
 Oh Fortius^ Fortius J from my foul I wifh 
 Thou didft but know thy felf what 'tis to love! 
 Then wouldft thou pity and affift thy brother, 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 What fliould I do ! if I difclofe my paflion 
 Our friendiliip's at an end : if I conceal it, 
 The world will call me falfe to a friend and brother, [AJiile, 
 
 MARCUS.
 
 334 CAT 0. 
 
 MARCUS, 
 
 But fee where Lncta^ at her wonted hour. 
 Amid the cool of yon high marble arch. 
 Enjoys the noon-day breeze! obferve her, Portmf 
 That face, that fliape, thofe eyes, that Heaven of beauty 
 Obferve her well, and blame me if thou can'ft. 
 
 FORTIUS, 
 
 She fees us, and advances 
 
 MAR C U S 
 
 ril withdraw, 
 And leave you for a while. Remember, Port'mSy 
 Thy brother's life depends upon thy tongue. 
 
 S C E N E II. 
 
 LUCIA, FORTIUS. 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 Did not I fee your brother Marcus here ? 
 Why did he fly the place, and fhun my prefenVce ? 
 
 FORTIUS 
 
 Oh, Luc'ia^ language is too faint to fhow 
 His rage of love ; it preys upon his life ^ 
 
 He
 
 C A 7 0. 335 
 
 He pines, he fickens, he defpairs, he die*r 
 
 His paiTions and his virtues he confufcd, 
 
 And mixt together in ^o wild a tumult. 
 
 That the whole man is quite disfigurd in him. 
 
 Heavens! v/ould one think 'twere poflible for love 
 
 To make fiich ravage in a noble ioul ! 
 
 Oh, Lucia J I'm diftreft! my heart bleeds for him; 
 
 Even now, while thus I ftand bleft in thy prefencCj 
 
 A fecret damp of grief comes o'er my thoughts, 
 
 And I'm unhappy, tho' thou fmileft upon me. 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 How wilt thou guard thy honour, in the Ihock 
 Of love and friendfhip ! think betimes, my PortmSj 
 Think how the nuptial tie, that might enfure 
 Our mutual bliis, would raife to iiich a heicjht 
 Thy brother's griefs, as might perhaps deftroy him.. 
 
 FORTIUS'. 
 
 Alas, poor youth! what doft thou think, my Lucia? 
 His generous, open, undefigning heart 
 Has befj'd his rival to fbllicit for him. 
 Then do not ftrike him dead with a denial. 
 But hold him up in life, and cheer his foul 
 With the faint glimmering of a doubtful hope : 
 Perhaps, when we have pafs'd thele gloomy hours^ 
 And weather'd out the ftorm that beats upon us 
 
 L U C I A. 
 
 No^ Portmsy no ! I fee thy filler's tcars^. 
 
 Thy
 
 336 
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 Thy father's anguilfli, and thy brother's death, 
 
 In the purfuit of our ill-fated loves. 
 
 And, Portms, here I Iwear, to Heaven I fwear. 
 
 To Heaven, and all the powers that judge mankind. 
 
 Never to mix my plighted hands with thine. 
 
 While fiich a cloud of mifchiefs hangs about us. 
 
 But to forget our loves, and drive thee out 
 
 From all my thoughts, as far as I am able. 
 
 FORTIUS, 
 
 What haft thou faid ! I'm thunder-ftruck ! — recall 
 Thofe hafty words, or I am loft for ever. 
 
 LUCIA 
 
 Has not the Vow already pafs'd my lips ? 
 The Gods have heard it, and 'tis feal'd in Heaven. 
 May all the vengeance that was ever pour'd 
 On perjur'd heads, o'crwhelm me, if I break it! 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Fixt in aftonifliment, I gaze upon thee,- 
 Like one juft blafted by a ftroke from Heaven, 
 Who pants for breath, and ftiffens, yet alive, 
 In dreadful looks : a monument of wrath .' 
 
 LUCIA 
 
 At length I've adcd my fevereft part, 
 I feel the woman breaking in upon me. 
 And melt about my heart! my tears will flow. 
 
 But
 
 C A T 0. 337 
 
 But oh Pll think no more/ the hand of fate 
 Has torn thee from me, and I muft forget thee. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Hard-hearted, cruel maid I 
 
 LUCIA 
 
 Oh flop thofe founds, 
 Thofe kilhng founds ! why doft thou frown upon me ? 
 My blood runs cold, my heart forgets to heave. 
 And life it felf goes out at thy difpleafure. 
 The Gods forbid us to indulge our loves. 
 But oh! I cannot bear thy hate, and live! 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Talk not of love, thou never knew'ft its force, 
 I've been deluded, led into a dream 
 Of fancied blifs. Oh Lncm, cruel maid I 
 Thy dreadful Vow, loaden with death, dill founds 
 In my ftunn'd ears. What (hall I fay or do ? 
 Quick, let us part? perdition's in thy prefence, 
 
 And horror dwells about thee! hah, fhe faints! 
 
 Wretch that I am! what has my raflinefs done! 
 Lucta^ thou injur'd innocence! thou bed 
 And lovelicft of thy fex! awake, vay Lucia, 
 Or Port ins ruflies on his fword to join thee. 
 
 Her imprecations reach not to the tomb. 
 
 They fnut not out focicty in death 
 
 But hah I Ihc moves ! life wanders up and down 
 Through all her face, and lights up every charm. 
 
 VoV. I. X X LUC I A.
 
 338 C A 1 0. 
 
 LUCIA 
 
 O Port'tusy was this well ! — to frown on her 
 That lives upon thy fmiles ! to call in doubt 
 The faith of one expiring at thy ittt. 
 That loves thee more than ever woman lov'd ! 
 
 What do I fay ? my half-recover'd fenfe 
 
 Forgets the Vow in which my foul is bound. 
 Deftrudion ftands betwixt us ! we muft part. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Name not the word, my frighted thoughts run back. 
 And ftartlc into madnefs at the found. 
 
 LUCIA 
 
 What would'fl: thou have me do ? confider well 
 The train of ills our love would draw behind it. 
 Think, Portms, think, thou feeft thy dying brother 
 Stabb'd at his heart, and all befinear'd with blood. 
 Storming at heaven and thee I thy awful Sire 
 Sternly demands the caufe, th' accurfed caufe. 
 That robs him of his fon I poor Marcta trembles. 
 Then tears her hair, and frantick in her griefs 
 Calls out on Lucia/ what could Lucta aniwer? 
 Or how ftand up in fuch a fcene of forrow ! 
 
 P RTI US, 
 
 To my confufion, and eternal grief, 
 I muft approve the fentencc that deftroys me. 
 The mift, that hung about my mind, clears up j 
 
 And
 
 C A 7 0. 339 
 
 And now, athwart the terrors that thy Vow 
 Has planted round thee, thou appear'ft more fair, 
 More amiable, and rifeft in thy charms. 
 Lovelieft of women ! Heaven is in thy foul, 
 Beauty and virtue (hine for ever round thee, 
 Bright'ning each other ! thou art all divine ? 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 Port'msj no more? thy words fhoot through my heart. 
 Melt my refolves, and turn me all to love. 
 Why are thofe tears of fondnefs in thy eyes ? 
 Why heaves thy heart ? why fwells thy foul with forrow ? 
 
 It foftens me too much farewel, my Portms, 
 
 Farewel, though death is in the word, For-ever ! 
 
 FORTIUS, 
 
 Stay, Luda^ flay ? what dofl thou fay ? For-ever ? 
 
 LUCIA 
 
 Have I not fworn ? if, Fortius , thy fiiccefs 
 Mufl throw thy brother on his fate, farewell. 
 Oh, how fhall I repeat the word ! For-ever ! 
 
 FOR TIUS. 
 
 Thus o'er the dying lamp th'unfleady flame 
 Hangs quivering on a point, leaps off by fits, 
 And falls again, as loath to quit its hold. 
 
 Thou mufl not go, my foul flill hovers o'er thee, 
 
 And can't get loofc. 
 
 Xx 2 LUCIA,
 
 340 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 If the firm Port'ms {hake 
 To hear of parting, think what Luaa fuffers ! 
 
 FORTIUS, 
 
 'Tis true ; unruffled and ferene I've met 
 The common accidents of Ufe, but here 
 Such an unlook'd-for ftorm of ills falls on me, 
 It beats down all my ftrength. I cannot bear it. 
 We muft not part. 
 
 LUCIA 
 
 What doft thou fay ? not part ? 
 Haft thou forgot the Vow that I have made ? 
 Are there not heavens, and gods, and thunder, o'er us? 
 
 But fee .' thy brother Marcus bends this way ! 
 
 I ficken at the fight. Once more, farewell. 
 Farewell, and know thou wrong'ft me, if thou think'ft 
 Ever was love, or ever grief, like mine. 
 
 SCENE III. 
 
 MARCUS, FORTIUS. 
 
 MAR CUS. 
 
 Portm^ what hopes ? how ftands {lie ? am I doom'd 
 To life or death ? 
 
 FORTIUS.
 
 C A T 0, 341 
 
 FORTIUS, 
 
 What would'ft thou have me fay ? 
 
 MARCUS. 
 
 What means this penfive pofture ? thou appear'fl 
 Like one amazed and terrified. 
 
 FORTIUS, 
 I've reafon. 
 
 MARCUS. 
 
 Thy down-caft looks, and thy diforder'd thoughts 
 Tell me my fate. I ask not the fuccels 
 My caufe has found. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 I'm griev'd I undertook it. 
 
 MAR CUS. 
 
 What ? does the barbarous maid infult my heart, 
 My aking heart ! and triumph in my pains ? 
 That I could caft her from my thoughts for-ever ? 
 
 FOR TI US. 
 
 Away ! you're too fufpicious in your griefs 5 
 Lucia, though fworn never to think of love, 
 Compaffionates your pains, and pities you. 
 
 MARCUS, 
 
 Compaflionatcs my pains, and pities me!
 
 342 C A T 0. 
 
 What is compaflion when 'tis void of love f 
 Fool that I was to chufe fo cold a friend 
 To urge my caufe ! Compaflionates my pains ? 
 Pr'ythee what art, what rhetorick did'ft thou ufe 
 To gain this mighty boon ? She pities me f 
 To one that asks the warm return of love, 
 Compaflion's cruelty, 'tis fcorn, 'tis death 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Marcm, no more .' have I deferv'd this treatment ? 
 
 MARCUS. 
 
 What have I faid! O Porttus^ O forgive me! 
 A foul exafperated in ills falls out 
 
 With every thing, its friend, its felf- but hah ! 
 
 What means that Ihout, big with the founds of war ? 
 What new alarm ? 
 
 P RTIU S 
 
 A fecond, louder yet. 
 Swells in the winds, and comes more full upon us. 
 
 MARCUS 
 
 Oh, for fome glorious caufe to fall in battel .' 
 Lucia, thou haft undone me! thy difdain 
 Has broke my heart : 'tis death muft give me eafe. 
 
 P RTIU S 
 
 Quick, let us hence ,• who knows if Cato's life 
 Stand fure ? O Marcus, I am warm'd, my heart 
 Leaps at the trumpet's voice, and burns for glory. 
 
 SCENE
 
 C A T 0. 343 
 
 SCENE IV. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS <with the leaders of 
 
 the mutiny, 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 At length the winds are rais'd, the ftorm blows high. 
 Be it your care, my friends, to keep it up 
 In its full fury, and dired it right, 
 *Tili it has {pent it felf on Cato's head. 
 Mean while I'll herd among his friends, and feem 
 One of the number, that what e'er arrive. 
 My friends and fellow-foldiers may be fafe. 
 
 I LEADER, 
 
 We all are fafe, Sempron'ms is our friend, 
 Sempron'tus is as brave a man as Cate. 
 But heark ! he enters. Bear up boldly to him j 
 Be fiire you beat him down, and bind him faft. 
 This day will end our toils, and give us reft! 
 Fear notlling, for Sempron'tus is our friend. 
 
 SCENE
 
 344 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 SCENE V. 
 
 CATO, SEMPRONIUS, LUCIUS, 
 FORTIUS, MARCUS, &c. 
 
 CATO. 
 
 Where are thefe bold intrepid fons of war. 
 That greatly turn their backs upon the foe. 
 And to their General fend a brave defiance? 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Curfe on their daftard fouls, they ftand aftoniih'd? [Aftde. 
 
 CATO, 
 
 Perfidious men \ and will you thus difhonour 
 Your paft exploits, and fiilly all your wars ? 
 Do you confels 'twas not a zeal for Rome^ 
 Nor love of liberty, nor third of honour, 
 Drew you thus far- but hopes to fhare the fpoil 
 Of conquer'd toN^ois, and plunder'd provinces ? 
 Fired with luch motives you do well to join 
 With Cato\ foes, and follow Ccefmh banners, 
 why did I 'fcape th' invcnom'd Afpic's rage, 
 And all the fiery monfters of the defart, 
 To fee this day r why could not Cato fall 
 Without your guilt ? behold, ungrateful men, 
 ' Behold my bofom naked to your fwords. 
 
 And
 
 C A T 0. 34; 
 
 And let the man that's injured flrike the blow. 
 Which of you all fufpeds th^t he is wrong'd. 
 Or thinks he fufFcrs greater ills than Cato? 
 Am I diftinguirti'd from you but by toils, 
 Superior toils, and heavier weight of cares ! 
 Painful pre-eminence I 
 
 SEMPRONIUS, 
 
 By heavens they droop! 
 Confufion to the villains ! all is loft. \Afide. 
 
 C AT 0, 
 
 Have you forgotteri Libya's burning wafte. 
 Its barren rocks, parch'd earth, and hills of fand, 
 Its tainted air, and all its broods of poifon i 
 Who was the firft to explore th' untroflden path, 
 When life was hazarded in every ftep ? 
 Or, fainting in the long laborious march. 
 When on the banks of an unlook'd-for ftream 
 You funk the river with repeated draughts. 
 Who was the laft in all your hoft that thirfted? 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 If fome penurious fource by chance appear'd. 
 Scanty of waters, when you fcoop'd it dry, 
 And offer'd the full helmet up to Cato, 
 Did he not da(h th' untafted moifture from him ? 
 Did not he lead you through the mid-day Sun, 
 And clouds of duft ? did not his temples glow 
 In the fame fultry winds, and fcorching heats ? 
 
 Vol. I. Y y CATO.
 
 34<5 CAT 0. 
 
 C AT 0. 
 
 Hence worthleis men! hence! and complain to C<^/Jt^ 
 You could not undergo the toils of war, 
 Nor bear the hardfhips that your leader bore. 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 
 See, CatOj fee, th' unhappy men ! they weep \ 
 Fear, and remorfe, and forrow for their crime» 
 Appeal- in every look, and plead for mercy. 
 
 C AT 0. 
 
 Learn to be honell: men, give up your leaders. 
 And pardon {hall defcend on all the reft. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 CatOy commit thefe wretches to my care. 
 Firft let 'em each be broken on the rack, 
 Then, with what life remains, impaled and left 
 To writhe at leafure round the bloody ftake. 
 There let 'em hang, and taint the fouthern wind. 
 The partners of their crime will learn obedience. 
 When they look up and fee their fellow-traitors 
 Stuck on a fork, and blackening in the Sun. 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 
 SempronmSy why, why wilt thou urge the fate 
 Of wretched men ? 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 How! would'ft thou clear rebellion!
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 Lucius (good man) pities the poor offenders. 
 That would imbrue their hands in Catoi's blood. 
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 Forbear, Sempron'ms / fee they (ufFer death. 
 
 But in their deaths remember they are Men. 
 Strain not the laws to make their tortures grievous. 
 Lucius J the bale degenerate age requires 
 Severity, and juftice in its rigour ,- 
 This awes an impious, bold, offending world. 
 Commands obedience, and gives force to laws. 
 When by juft vengeance guilty mortals perifh. 
 The Gods behold their punifhment with pleafure. 
 And lay th' uplifted thunder-bolt afide. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 CatOj I execute thy will with pleafure. 
 
 C AT 0. 
 
 Mean-while we'll facrifice to Liberty. 
 Remember, O my friends, the laws, the rights. 
 The generous plan of power deliver'd down, 
 From age to age, by your renown'd Fore-fathers, 
 (So dearly bought, the price of fo much blood) 
 O let it never pcrifli in your hands ! 
 But pioufly tranfmit it to your children. 
 Do thou, great Liberty, infpire our fouls, 
 And make our lives in thy poiTciTion happy, 
 Or our deaths glorious in thy jull defence. 
 
 347 
 
 Yy 2 SCENE
 
 348 CAT 0. 
 
 SCENE VI. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS and the leaders of the mutiny. 
 
 1 LEADER. 
 
 Sempronm, you have a6tcd like your felf, 
 One would have thought you had been half in earneft. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Villain, ftand ofF! bafe groveHng worthlefs wretches, 
 Mongrils in fadion, poor faint-hearted traitors.' 
 
 2 LEADER. 
 
 Nay, now you carry it too far, Sempronms : 
 Throw off the mask, there are none here but friends. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Know, villains, when fiich paltry flaves prefume 
 To mix in treafon, if the plot iucceeds. 
 They're thrown ncgleded by : but if it fails. 
 They're fiire to die like dogs, as you fhall do. 
 Here, take thefe fa<Stious monfters, drag 'em forth 
 To fudden death. 
 
 Enter Guards. 
 
 i' L E A D E R. 
 
 Nay, fince it comes to this 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 Difpatch 'em quick, but firft pluck out their tongues^ 
 Leaft with their dying breath they fow iedition.
 
 C A T 0, 349 
 
 SCENE Vll. 
 
 S Y P H A X and S E M P R O N I U S. 
 s r F H A X, 
 
 Our firft defign, my friend, has prov'd abortive ; 
 Still there remains an after-game to play : 
 My troops are mounted j their Num'td'ian fteeds 
 Snuff up the wind, and long to fcour the defart : 
 Let but Sempron'tus head us in our flight. 
 We'll force the gate where Marcus keeps his guard. 
 And hew down all that would oppofe our paiTage. 
 A day will bring us into defafs camp. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS, 
 
 Confufion ! I have faii'd of half my purpofe : 
 Marciay the charming Marc'td's left behind ! 
 
 STP HA X. 
 
 How ? will Sempromm turn a woman's flave ! 
 
 SEMPRONIVS, 
 
 Think not thy friend can ever feel the foft 
 Unmanly warmth, and tendernefs of love. 
 SyphaXj I long to clafp that haughty maid, 
 And bend her ftubborn virtue to my paflion : 
 When I have gone thus far, I'd cad her off. 
 
 STP H A X,
 
 550 C A T 0. 
 
 s r P H A X. 
 
 Well faid! that's fpoken like thy felf, Sempronm, 
 What hinders then, but that thou find her out. 
 And hurry her away by manly force ? 
 
 S E M P R N I U S. 
 
 But how to gain admiffion ? for accefs 
 Is given to none but Juba, and her brothers. 
 
 S Y P H A X. 
 
 Thou {halt have Juba's drefs, and Juba's guards : 
 The doors will open, when Num'tdia's Prince 
 Seems to appear before the flaves that watch them. 
 
 S E M P RO N lU S. 
 
 Heavens what a thouglit is there! May-da's my own! 
 How will my bofom fwelt with anxious joy, 
 When I behold her ftruggUng in my arms, 
 With glowing beauty, and diforder'd charms, 
 While fear and anger, with alternate grace, 
 Pant in her breaft, and vary in her face! 
 So PlutOy feiz'd of Proferpinej convey'd 
 To hell's tremendous gloom th' affrighted maid. 
 There grimly fmil'd, pleas'd with the beauteous prize. 
 Nor envy'd Jove his fun-ihine and his skies. 
 
 fes^N^i Im^a^i**^^^ 
 
 
 ACT
 
 C A T 0. 351 
 
 ACT IV. SCENE I 
 
 LUCIA and M A R C I A- 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 NOW tell me, Marcia, tell me from thy foul. 
 If thou believ'ft 'tis poflible for woman 
 To fuffer greater ills thza Lucia fliffers* 
 
 MARC LA, 
 
 Lucia, Luc'iUy might my big-fwoln heart 
 Vent all its griefs, and give a loofe to fbrrow: 
 Mania could anfwer thee in fighs, keep pace 
 With all thy woes, and count out tear for tear. 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 1 know thou'rt doom'd alike, to be belov'd 
 By Juha, and thy father's friend Semprmms ,• 
 
 But which of thcfe has power to charm like Fortius / 
 
 MAR CIA. 
 
 Still muil I beg thee not to name S'emprorjius?/ 
 Lucia, I like not that loud boiftcrous man j 
 'Juha to all the bravery of a Hcroe 
 Adds fofteft love, and more than female fwcetncfs ; 
 
 Juha
 
 352 C A T 0. 
 
 Jnba might make the proudeft of our fex. 
 Any of woman-kind, but Man'ta, happy. 
 
 LUCIA, 
 
 And why not Maraa 7 come, you drive in vain 
 To hide your thoughts from one, who knows too well 
 The inward glowings of a heart in love. 
 
 M A R C I A 
 
 While Cato lives, his daughter has no right 
 To love oy hate^, but as his choice dire^s. 
 
 LUCIA, 
 
 : But fliould this father give you to Sempronm 7 
 
 M A R C I A. 
 
 1 dare not think he will : but if he fliouId — — 
 Why wilt thou add to all the griefs I fuffer 
 Imaginary ills, and fancy'd tortures? 
 I hear the found of feet ! they march this way ! 
 Let us retire, and try if we can drown 
 Each fofter thought in fcnfe of prefent danger. 
 When love once pleads admilTion to our hearts 
 (In fpight of all the virtue we can boaft) 
 The woman that deliberates is loft. 
 
 SCENE
 
 C A TO, 353 
 
 S C E N E II. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS, drefid like JUBA, wnh 
 
 Numidian guards. 
 
 SEMPRONIUS, 
 
 The Deer is lodg'd. I've track'd her to her covert. 
 Be fure you mind the Word, and when I give it, 
 Rufh in at once, and (eize upon your prey. 
 Let not her cries or tears have force to move you. 
 -- — How will the young Numidian rave, to fee 
 His miftrefs loft ? if aught could glad my foul. 
 Beyond th' enjoyment of fo bright a prize, 
 *T would be to torture that young gay Barbarian. 
 
 But heark, what noife! death to my hopes! 'tis he, 
 
 'Tis Jubah felf! there is but one way left 
 
 He muft be murder'd, and a palTage cut 
 
 Through thofe his guards. Hah, daftards, do you tremble' 
 
 Or a6t like men, or by yon' azure Heaven- — 
 
 Enter JUBA. 
 
 JUBA 
 
 What do I fee ? who's this that dares ufurp 
 The guards and habit of Numidia's Prince ? 
 
 SEMPRONIUS. 
 
 One that was born to fcourge thy arrogance, 
 Prefumptuous youth! 
 li Vol. I, Z z JUBA.
 
 354 CAT 0. 
 
 J U B A 
 What can this mean ? Sempronms ! 
 
 SEMPRONIUS, 
 My fword {hall aniwer thee. Have at thy heart. 
 
 J U B A 
 
 Nay, then beware thy own, proud, barbarous man f 
 
 nv-iJ- [Semp. y^/A. Hts guards furrender. 
 
 S E M P R N I U S, 
 
 Curfe on my flars ! am I then doom'd to fall 
 By a boy's hand ? disfigur'd in a vile 
 Ntmtd'ian drels, and for a worthlels woman ? 
 Gods, I'm diftradted ! this my clofe of life f 
 O for a peal of thunder that would make 
 Earth, fea, and air, and Heaven, and Cato tremble-' [Dies. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 With what a fpring his furious foul broke loole. 
 And left the limbs ftill quivering on the ground? 
 Hence let us carry off thofe flaves to Cato^ 
 That we may there at length unravel all 
 This dark deiign, this myftery of fate.. 
 
 SCENE
 
 C A T 0. 355 
 
 SCENE III. 
 
 LUCIA and MARC I A. 
 
 LUCIA 
 
 Sure 'twas the clafli of fwords ; my troubled heart 
 Is {Jo caft down, and funk amidft its forrows. 
 It throbs with fear, and akes at every found. 
 
 Marciay fhould thy brothers for my fake ! 
 
 1 die away with horror at the thought. 
 
 M J R C I A. 
 
 See, Lucia J fee! here's blood? here's blood and murder? 
 Hah ? a Numidian / Heavens preferve the Prince : 
 The face lies muffled up within the garment. 
 But hah ? death to my fight ? a diadem. 
 And purple robes ? O Gods! 'tis he, 'tis he? 
 Jubaj the loveliefl: youth that ever warm'd 
 A Virgin's heart, Juba lies dead before us ? 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 Now, Marciay now call up to thy afliflance 
 Thy wonted ftrength, and conftancy of mind,- 
 Thou can'ft not put it to a greater tryal. 
 
 MARCIA 
 
 Luda, look there, and wonder at my patience. 
 
 Z z i Have
 
 356 C A r 0. 
 
 Have I not caufe to rave, and beat my breaft, 
 To rend my heart with grief, and run diftraded 
 
 LUCIA. 
 What can I think or fay to give thee comfort ? 
 
 MAR CIA. 
 
 Talk not of comfort, 'tis for lighter ills : 
 Behold a fight, that ftrikes all comfort dead. 
 
 Enter J U B A I'tjlning. 
 
 I will indudge my forrows, and give way 
 
 To all the pangs and fury of defpair. 
 
 That man, that beft of men, deferv'd it from me„ 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 What do 1 hear ? and was the falfe Sempron'ms 
 That beft of men ? O had I fallen like him. 
 And could have thus been mourn'd, I had been happy ? 
 
 LUCIA, 
 
 Here will I ftand, companion in thy woes. 
 And help thee with my tears i when I behold 
 A lofs like thine, I half forget my own. 
 
 M ARC I A. 
 
 'Tis not in fate to eafe my tortur'd breaft. 
 This empty world, to me a joylefs defart. 
 Has nothing left to make poor Mania happy* 
 
 JUBA.
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 y U B A 
 
 Vm on the rack? was he fo near her heart? 
 
 MAR CIA, 
 
 Oh he was all made up of love and charms. 
 Whatever maid could wifh, or man admire : 
 Delight of every eye ! when he appear'd, 
 A fecret pleafiire gladncd all that faw him ,• 
 But when he talk'd, the proudeft Roman blufli'd 
 To hear his virtues, and old age grew wife. 
 
 J U B A. 
 I (hall run mad 
 
 M A R C r A. 
 Ojubaf Jubaf Jubaf 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 What means that voice ? did {he not call on Juhal 
 
 M ARC I A. 
 
 Why do I think on what he was! he*s deadf 
 He's dead, and never knew how much I lov'd him^ 
 Lucia, who knows but his poor bleeding heart, 
 Amidft its agonies, remember'd Marcia, 
 And the laft words he utter'd call'd me Cruel ? 
 Alas, he knew not, hapiefs youth, he knew not 
 Mania's whole foul was full of love and Juba 7 
 
 5 5*7 
 
 JUBA.
 
 35B C A T 0. 
 
 J U B A, 
 
 Where am I? do I live! or am indeed 
 What Mania thinks ! all is Eltfium round me 1 
 
 M A R C I A . 
 
 Ye dear remains of the moft tov'd of men I 
 Nor modefty nor virtue here forbid 
 A laft embrace, while thus 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 See, Marcla, fee, [ Throwing himfelf before her. 
 
 The happy Jtiha lives ! he lives to catch 
 That dear embrace, and to return it too 
 With mutual warmth and eagernefs of love. 
 
 M A RC I A. 
 
 With pleafiire and amaze, I ftand tran(ported ? 
 Sure 'tis a dream ! dead and alive at once ! 
 If thou art Juba, who lies there ? 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 A wretch, 
 Difguifed like Juba on a curs'd defign. 
 The tale is long, nor have I heard it out. 
 Thy father knows it all. I could not bear 
 To leave thee in the neighbourhood of death, 
 But flew, in all the hafte of love, to find thee, 
 I found thee weeping, and confefs this once. 
 Am rapt with joy to fee my Marcia's tears, 
 
 MAR CIA.
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 M A R C 1 A. 
 
 I've been fiirprized in an unguarded hour, 
 But muft not now go back : the love, that lay 
 Half fmother'd in my breaft, has broke through all 
 Its weak reftraints, and burns in its full luftre, 
 I cannot, if I would, conceal it from thee. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 I'm loft in ecftafie f and doft thou love. 
 Thou charming maid ? 
 
 M A R C I A 
 
 And doft thou live to ask it ? 
 
 J U B A, 
 
 This, this is life indeed! life worth preferving. 
 Such life as Juba never felt 'till now f 
 
 M A RC I A. 
 
 Believe me. Prince, before I thought thee dead^ 
 I did not know my felf how much I lov'd thee. 
 
 JUBA. 
 O fortunate miftake! 
 
 M A RC I A, 
 
 O bnppy Mama! 
 
 359 
 
 JUB^.
 
 360 c A r 0, 
 
 y U B A. 
 
 My joy! my beft beloved? my only widi! 
 How fliall I fpeak the tranfport of my Ibul! 
 
 M ARC I A. 
 
 Lucia y thy arm! Oh let me reft upon it! 
 
 The vital blood, that had forfook my heart. 
 Returns again in fuch tumultuous tides, 
 It quite o'ercomes me. Lead to my apartment.- 
 O Prince ! I blufli to think what I have faid. 
 But fate has wrefted the confeftion from me j 
 Go on, and profper in the paths of honour. 
 Thy virtue will excufe my paflTion for thee, 
 And make the gods propitious to our love. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 I am fo bleft, I fear 'tis all a dream. 
 Fortune, thou now haft made amends for all 
 Thy paft unkindnefs. I abfolve my ftars. 
 What though Numtdta add her conquer'd towns 
 And provinces to fwell the vidor's triumph! 
 "juha will never at his fate repine ; 
 Let Cafar have the world, if Mania's mine. 
 
 SCENE
 
 C A T 0. 361 
 
 SCENE IV. 
 
 A March at a Diftance, 
 
 C A T O and LUCIUS. 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 
 I iland aftonifht ! what, the bold Sempronm / 
 That ftill brok^ foremoft through the crowd of Patriots, 
 As with a hurricane of zeal tranfported. 
 And virtuous ev'n to madnefs— — 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Truft me, Ltic'mSy 
 Our civil difcords have produced liich crimes, 
 Such monftrous crimes, I am lurprized at nothing, 
 
 O Lucim, I am fick of this bad world! 
 
 The day-light and the Sun grow painful to me. 
 
 Enter FORTIUS. 
 
 But fee where Port'ms comes ! what means this hafte ? 
 Why are thy looks thus changed ? 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 My heart is griev'd. 
 I bring fuch news as will afflidt my father. 
 
 Vol. I. Aaa C A T 0,
 
 362 C A 7 0. 
 
 C AT 0. 
 Has Cafar flied more Roman blood ? 
 
 P Rt I U S, 
 
 Not fo. 
 The traytor SjphaXy as within the fquare 
 He exercifed his troops, the fignal given. 
 Flew off at once with his Numtdian horfe 
 To the fouth gate, where Marcus holds the watch. 
 I faw, and call'd to flop him, but in vain. 
 He tofl his arm aloft, and proudly told me. 
 He would not flay and perifh like Sempromm, 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Perfidious men ? but hafle my fon, and fee 
 Thy brother Marcus ad:s a Romarfs part. 
 
 Lucius, the torrent bears too hard upon me : 
 
 Juflice gives way to force: the conquer'd world 
 Is Ccefafs : Cato has no bufinefs in it. 
 
 LUCIUS, 
 
 While pride, oppreflion, and injuflice reign. 
 The world will flill demand her Cato's prefence. 
 In pity to mankind, fiibmit to CafaVy 
 And reconcile thy mighty foul to life. 
 
 CATO. 
 
 Would Lucius have me live to fweli the number 
 
 Of
 
 C A T 0. 363 
 
 Of C<efar'% flaves, or by a bafe fubmiflion 
 Give up the caufe of Rome, and own a tyrant ? 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 
 The vid:or never will impofe on Cato 
 Ungen'rous terms. His enemies confefs 
 The virtues of humanity are Cafafs. 
 
 CATO. 
 
 Curfe on his virtues •' they've undone his country. 
 Such popular humanity is treafon — -*-- 
 But fee young Juba / the good youth appears 
 Full of the guilt of his perfidious fubjeds. 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 Alas, poor Prince ! his fate deferves compafliona 
 
 Enter JUBA. 
 JUBA. 
 
 I blufli, and am confounded to appear 
 Before thy prefence, Cato. 
 
 CATO. 
 What's thy crime ? 
 
 JUBA. 
 
 I'm a Numidian. 
 
 CATO. 
 
 And a brave one too. 
 Thou haft a Roman foul. 
 
 A a a z JUBA.
 
 364. CAT 0. 
 
 J U B A, 
 
 Haft thou not heard 
 Of my falfe countrymen ? 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Alas, young Prince, 
 Falfhood and fraud (hoot up in every foil. 
 The produd of all cHmes Rome has its Cafars, 
 
 J U B A. 
 'Tis gen'rous thus to comfort the diftreft. 
 
 c A r 0, 
 
 'Tis juft to give applaufe where 'tis deferv'd; 
 Thy virtue. Prince, has ftood the teft of fortune. 
 Like pureft gold, that, tortur'd in the furnace. 
 Comes out more bright, and brings forth all its weight. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 What fliall I anfwer tliee ? my ravifh'd heart 
 O'erflows with fecret joy : I'd rather gain 
 Thy praiie, O Cato^ than Numidta's empire. 
 
 Re-enter P O R T I U S. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Misfortune on misfortune.' grief on grief! 
 My brother Marcus 
 
 CATO,
 
 C A T 0. 365 
 
 C AT 0. 
 
 Hah ! what has he done ? 
 Has he forfook his poft ? has he given way ? 
 Did he look tamely on, and let 'em pals? 
 
 P Rt lU S, 
 
 Scarce had I left my father, but I met him 
 Borne on the Ihields of his furviving foldiers, 
 Breathlefs and pale, and cover'd o'er with wounds; 
 Long, at the head of his few faithfid friends. 
 He ftood the fhock of a whole hoft of foes. 
 'Till obftinately brave, and bent on death, 
 Oppreft with multitudes, he greatly fell. 
 
 C AT 0. 
 
 I'm fatisfy'd. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 Nor did he fall before 
 His fword had pierc'd through the falfe heart o( S'yphax. 
 Yonder he lies. I faw the hoary traytor 
 Grin in the pangs of death, and bite the ground. 
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 Thanks to the Gods ! my boy has done his daty. 
 
 Porfius, when I am dead, befure thou place 
 
 His urne near mine. 
 
 P R TIU S, 
 
 Long may they keep afunder .'
 
 366 CAT 0. 
 
 LUCIUS, 
 
 O CatOy arm thy foul with all its patience j 
 See where the corps of thy dead foa approaches ? 
 The citizens and fenators, alarm'd, 
 Have gather'd round it, and attend it weeping. 
 
 C A T O meeting the corps. 
 
 Welcome my fon! here lay him down, my friends, 
 Full in my fight, that I may view at leifure 
 The bloody coarfe, and count thofe glorious wounds. 
 
 How beautiful is death, when earn'd by virtue? 
 
 Who would not be that youth ? what pity is it 
 That we can die but once to ferve our country I 
 
 ^Why fits this fadnels on your brows, my friends ? 
 
 I fhould have blufh'd if Cata's houfe had ftood 
 Secure, and flourifli'd in a civil war. 
 
 Port'msj behold thy brother, and remember 
 
 Thy life is not thy own, when Rome demands it. 
 
 JURA 
 Was ever man like this f [Aftde. 
 
 C AT 0: 
 
 Alas my friends! 
 Why mourn you thus ? let not a private lofs 
 Affli6t your hearts^ 'Tis Rome requires our tears. 
 The miftrefs of the world, the feat of empire. 
 
 The
 
 C A T 0. 367 
 
 The nurfe of heroes, the delight of gods. 
 That humbled the proud tyrants of the earth, 
 And fet the nations free, Rome is no more. 
 O liberty ! O virtue .' O my country ! 
 
 J U B A 
 
 Behold that upright man ! Rome fills his eyes 
 With tears, that flow'd not o*er his own dead fon. [Afide, 
 
 C AT 0. 
 
 Whate'er the Roman virtue has fiibdu'd. 
 The Sun's whole courfe, the day and year, are Ccefaf*s* 
 For him the felf-devoted Decti dy'd. 
 The Fabi't fell, and the great Sc'tpio's conquer'd : 
 Even Pompey fought for Cafar. Oh my friends ? 
 How is the toil of fate, the work of ages. 
 The Roman empire fallen ! O curft ambition I 
 Fallen into Ccefar's, hands? our great Fore-fathers 
 Had left him nought to conquer but his country. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 While Cato lives, defar will bluHi to fee 
 Mankind enflaved, and be afhamed of empire. 
 
 CATO. 
 
 Cafar afliamed ! has not he fcen Pharfalia / 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 CatOy 'tis time thou fave thy felf and us. 
 
 CATO.
 
 568 C A T 0. 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Lofe not a thought on me, Vm out of danger. 
 Heaven will not leave me in the vidor's hand. 
 Ccefar fliall never fay I conquer'd Cato. 
 But oh ! my friends, your fafety fills my heart 
 With anxious thoughts : a thoufand fecret terrors 
 Rife in my foul: how fhall I fave my friends.' 
 'Tis now, O C^far, I begin to fear thee. 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 
 Ccefar has mercy, if we ask it of him. 
 
 CATO. 
 
 Then ask it, I conjure you .' let him know 
 Whate'er was done againft him, Cato did it. 
 Add, if you pleafe, that I requeft it of him. 
 The virtue of my friends may pafs unpuni{h'd. 
 
 "juha^ my heart is troubled for thy fake. 
 Should I advife thee to regain Ntim'id'ia, 
 Or feek the conqueror ? 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 If I forfake thee 
 "Whilft I have life, may heaven abandon Jul a! 
 
 CATO. 
 
 Thy virtues. Prince, if I forefee aright. 
 Will one day make thee great j At Rome, hereafter, 
 'Twill be no crime to have been Catd's friend. 
 
 PorimSy
 
 C A T 0. 369 
 
 PoruuSy draw near ! My fon, thou oft haft (een 
 
 Thy Sire engaged in a corrupted ftate, 
 
 Wreftling with vice and fadion : now thou fee'ft me 
 
 Spent, overpower'd, defpairing of fuccefs j 
 
 Let me advife thee to retreat betimes 
 
 To thy paternal feat, the Sabine field. 
 
 Where the great Cenfor toil'd with his own hands. 
 
 And all our frugal Anceftors were bleft 
 
 In humble virtues, and a rural life. 
 
 There live retired, pray for the peace o^ Rome: 
 
 Content thy felf to be obfcurely good. 
 
 When vice prevails, and impious men bear fway. 
 
 The poft of honour is a private ftation. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 I hope, my father does not recommend 
 A life to Port'ms, that he fcorns himfelf. 
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 Farewel, my friends ! if there be any of you 
 Who dare not truft the victor's clemency. 
 Know, there are jfhips prepared by my command, 
 (Their fails already opening to the winds) 
 That {hall convey you to the wiAit-for port. 
 Is there aught elfe, my friends, I can do for you ? 
 The conqueror draws near. Once more farewel! 
 If e'er we meet hereafter, we fliall meet 
 In happier climes, and on a fafer fhore. 
 Where defar never fliall approach us more. 
 
 [Po'rfitf/jg to bis dead fon. 
 
 Vol. I. Bbb There
 
 370 CAT 0, 
 
 There the brave youth, with love of virtue fired. 
 Who greatly in his country's caufe expired. 
 Shall know he conquer'd. The firm Patriot there 
 (Who made the welfare of mankind his care) 
 Tho' ftill, by fadion, vice, and fortune, croft. 
 Shall find the gen'rous labour was not loft. 
 
 ACT
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 371 
 
 ACT V. SCENE I. 
 
 CATO folusj fitting in a thoughtful pofiure: In 
 his hand Plato V book on the Immortality of the 
 Soul A drawn fivord on the tabk by him, 
 
 IT muft be fo Plato, thou reafon'ft well ?- — - 
 Elfe whence this pleafing hope, this fond defire^ 
 This longing after immortality ? 
 Or whence this fecret dread, and inward horror, 
 Of falling into nought ? why fhrinks the foul 
 Back on her felf, and ftartles at deftrudion ? 
 *Tis the divinity that ftirs within us ; 
 'Tis heaven it felf, that points out an Hereafter, 
 And intimates eternity to man. 
 Eternity! thou pleafmg, dreadful, thought! 
 Through what variety of untry'd being, 
 Through what new fcenes and changes mufl we pafs- 
 The wide, th' unbounded proipeft, lyes before me ; 
 But fhadows, clouds, and darknefs, reft upon it. 
 Here will I hold. If there's a pow'r above us, 
 fAnd that there is all nature cries aloud 
 Throuf^h all her works) he mud delight in virtue; 
 And that which he delights in, muft be happy. 
 
 But when! or where! This world was made for C<rfar. 
 
 B b b 2 I'm
 
 372 CAT 0. 
 
 I'm weary of conjectures This mufl: end 'em. 
 
 \Layng hh hand on hh fword. 
 
 Thus am I doubly arm'd : my death and Hfe, 
 My bane and antidote are both before me : 
 This in a moment brings me to an end ; 
 But this informs me I Ihall never die. 
 The foul, fecured in her exiftence, fmiles 
 At the drawn dagger, and defies its point. 
 The ftars fhall fade away, the fun himfelf 
 Grow dim with age, and nature fink in years. 
 But thou ihalt flourifh in immortal youth. 
 Unhurt amidft the war of elements. 
 The wrecks of matter, and the crufli of worlds. 
 
 What means this heavinefs that hangs upon me ? 
 This lethargy that creeps through all my fenfes ? 
 Nature opprefs'd, and harrafs'd out with care. 
 Sinks down to reft. This once I'll favour her, 
 That my awaken'd foul may take her flight, 
 Renew'd in all her ftrength, and frefh with life. 
 An offering fit for heaven. Let guilt or fear 
 Difturb man's reft : Cato knows neither of 'em, 
 Indifferent in his choice to fleep or die. 
 
 SCENE
 
 C A T 0. 373 
 
 SCENE IL 
 
 CATO, FORTIUS. 
 
 C AT 0, 
 
 But hah ! how's this, my Ion ? why this intrufion ? 
 Were not my orders that I would be private ? 
 Why am I difbbey'd ? 
 
 FORTIUS, 
 
 Alas, my father! 
 What means this fword > this inftrument of death ? 
 Let me convey it hence! 
 
 CATO. 
 
 Rafli youth, forbear f 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 O let the prayers, th' entreaties of your friends. 
 Their tears, their common danger, wreft it from you. 
 
 CATO. 
 
 Would'ft thou betray me ? would'fl: thou give me up 
 A flave, a captive, into Cafar'^ hands ? 
 Retire, and learn obedience to a father. 
 Or know, young man! — - 
 
 FORTIUS,
 
 §74 C A T 0, 
 
 P R TIU S. 
 
 Look not thus fter nly on me ; 
 You know I'd rather die than difobey you. 
 
 GATO. 
 
 'Tis well \ again I'm mafler of my felf. 
 Now, Cafar^ let thy troops befet our gates. 
 And barr each avenue, thy gathering fleets 
 O'erfpread the fea, and ftop up every port; 
 Cato fliall open to himfelf a pafTage^ 
 And mock thy hopes — ^— . 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 O Sir, forgive- your ion, 
 Whofe grief hangs heavy on him ! O my father f 
 How ami fure it is not the \:i{\: time 
 I e'er Ihall call you fo ! be not difplcafed, 
 O be not angry with me whilft I weep, 
 And, in the anguirti of my heart, befeech you 
 To quit the dreadful purpofe of your foul f 
 
 C AT Oi 
 
 Thou haft been ever good and dutiful. [Emhracmg Mm, 
 Weep not, my fon. All will be well again., 
 The righteous gods, whom I have fought to pleafe. 
 Will iuccour Cato J and preferve his children. 
 
 FOR TI U S. 
 
 Ycur words give comfort to my drooping heart. 
 
 CATO.
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 C A TO. 
 
 Port'msy thou may'ft rely upon my cohdu^. 
 Thy father will not a6t what misbecomes him. 
 But go, my fon, and fee if aught be wanting 
 Among thy father's friends ; fee them embarked ; 
 And tell me if the winds and feas befriend them. 
 My foul is quite weigh'd down with care, and asks 
 The foft refreshment of a moment's fleep. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 My thoughts are more at caie, my heart revives. 
 
 v^ 
 
 I I 
 
 SCENE III. 
 
 FORTIUS and MARCI A. 
 P RT lU s, 
 
 O Marcia, O my fifter, ftill there's hope! 
 Our father will not caft away a Hfe 
 So needful to us all, and to his country. 
 He is retired to reft, and fiems to chcrifli 
 Thoughts full of peace. He has difpatcht me hence 
 With orders, that beipeak a mind compoied. 
 And ftudious for the fafety of his friends. 
 Alar da, take care that none difturb his flumbers. 
 
 MAR C T A.
 
 376 CAT a 
 
 M ARC I A 
 
 O ye immortal powers, that guard the juft. 
 Watch round his couch, and foften his repofe, 
 Banifh his forrows, and becalm his foul 
 With eafie dreams ,• remember all his virtues f 
 And fhow mankind that goodnefs is your care. 
 
 SCENE IV. 
 
 LUCIA and M A R C I A. 
 
 L U C I A. 
 
 Where is your father, Marc'ia, where is Cato ? 
 
 M ARC I A. 
 
 Luc'iaj fpeak low, he is retired to reft. 
 Lfic'ia, I feel a gently-dawning hope 
 Rife in my foul. We ftiall be happy ftill. 
 
 LUCIA 
 
 Alas, I tremble when I think on Cato, 
 In very view, in every thought I tremble f 
 Cato is ftern, and awful as a God, 
 He knows not how to wink at humane frailty. 
 Or pardon weaknefs, that he never felt. 
 
 MAR CIA.
 
 C A T 0. 377 
 
 M A R C 1 A. 
 
 Though Hern and awful to the foes of RomCy 
 He is all goodnefs, Lucia, always mild, 
 Compaflionate, and gentle to his friends. 
 Fill'd with domeftick tenderneis, the befl. 
 The kindeft father! I have ever found him 
 Eafie, and good, and bounteous to my wifhes. 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 'Tis his confent alone can make us bleft. 
 Marctay we both are equally involv'd 
 In the fame intricate, perplext, diflrefs. 
 The cruel hand of fate, that has deftroy'd 
 Thy brother MarcuSy whom we both lament--*— 
 
 M A RC I A. 
 And ever (hall lament, unhappy youth? 
 
 LUCIA. 
 
 Has fet my foul at large, and now I (land 
 Loofe of my Vow. But who knows Cato's thoughts ? 
 Who knows how yet he may difpofe of Port'mSy 
 Or how he has determin'd of thy felf ? 
 
 M A R C I A. 
 Let kirn but live! commit the reft to heaven. 
 
 V o L. I. C c c Enter
 
 378 C A T 0, 
 
 Enter LUCIUS. 
 
 L U C I U S. 
 
 Sweet are the {lumbers of the virtuous man ! 
 
 Marcta, I have feen thy godUke father : 
 Some power inviiible lupports his foul. 
 And bears it up in all its wonted greatneis. 
 A kind refrefhing deep is fallen upon him : 
 
 1 law him ftretcht at eafe, his fancy loft 
 
 In pleafing dreams ; as I drew near his couch, 
 
 He fmiled, and cry'd, C<ffar thou canft not hurt me. 
 
 M A R C I A. 
 His mind ftill labours with fome dreadful thought. 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 
 Lucia J why all this grief, thefe floods of forrow ? 
 Dry up thy tears, my child, we all are fafe 
 While Cato lives- his prelence will protect us. 
 
 Enter J U B A.. 
 
 J U B A. 
 
 Luc'im^ the horfemen are return'd from viewing 
 The number, ftrcngth, and pofture of our foes. 
 Who now encamp within a fliort hour's march. 
 On the liigh point of yon bright weftern tower 
 
 We
 
 379 
 
 C A T 0. 
 
 We kenn them from afar, the fetting Suti 
 
 Plays on their fhining arms and burnilh'd helmets, 
 
 And covers all the field with gleams of fire. 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 
 Mayday 'tis time we fliould awake thy father, 
 defar is ftill difpofed to give us terms, 
 And waits at diftance 'till he hears from Cato. 
 
 Enter FORTIUS. 
 
 Port'ms, thy looks fpeak fomewhat of importance. 
 What tidings doft thou bring ? methinks I fee 
 Unuflial gladnefs fparkling in thy eyes. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 As I was hading to the port, where now 
 My father's friends, impatient for a paffage, 
 Accufe the ling'ring winds, a fail arrived 
 From Pompey's fon, who through the realms of Spam 
 Calls out for vengeance on his father's death. 
 And roufes the whole nation up to arms. 
 Were Cato at their head, once more might Rome 
 Affert her rights, and claim her liberty. 
 But heark ! what means that groan ! O give me way, 
 And let me fly into my father's prefence. 
 
 L U C I U S 
 
 CatOy amidll his ilumbers, thinks on Rome^ 
 And in the wild difordcr of his foul 
 
 C c c 1 Mourns
 
 380 CAT 0. 
 
 Mourns o'er his country. hah! a fecond groan! — - 
 
 Heaven guard us all 
 
 M ^ R C I J. 
 
 Alas, 'tis not the voice 
 Of one who fleeps ! 'tis agonizing pain, 
 'Tis death is in that found 
 
 Re-enter FORTIUS. 
 
 FORTIUS. 
 
 O fight of woe ! 
 O Mania, what we fear'd is come to pafs ! 
 Cato is fallen upon his fword 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 
 O Port'ms, 
 Hide all the horrours of thy mournful tale. 
 And let us gucls the reft. 
 
 FOR ri US 
 
 I've raifed him up, 
 And placed him in his chair, where pale, and faint, 
 He gafps for breath, and, as his life flows from him. 
 Demands to fee his friends. His fervants weeping, 
 Obfcquious to his orders, bear him hither. 
 
 [The back Scene opens, and dtf covers Cato, 
 
 M A R C I A. 
 
 O heaven aflift me in this dreadful hour ' 
 
 To pay the laft fad duties to my father.
 
 C A T 0. 381 
 
 J V B A. 
 Thefe are thy triumphs, thy exploits, O Cafar / 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 
 Now is Rome fallen indeed ! 
 
 [Cato brought forward in his chair. 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 Here fet me down 
 
 Fortius come near me are my friends embark'd ? 
 
 Can any thing be thought of for their fervice ? 
 Whilft I yet live, Iqi me not live in vain. 
 
 O Lucius^ art thou here ?-- — thou art too good ! 
 
 Let this our friendihip live between our children ,• 
 Make Fortius happy in thy daughter Lncia. 
 
 Alas poor man, he weeps! Marcia, my daughter—— 
 
 O bend me forward! Juba loves thee, Marcia. 
 
 A Senator of Rome^ while Rome furvived. 
 
 Would not have match'd his Daughter with a King, 
 
 But C<efar's arms have thrown down all diftinx5tion 3 
 
 Whoe'er is Brave and Virtuous, is a Roma>i. 
 
 I'm fick to death O when fhall I get loofe 
 
 From this vain world, th' abode of guilt and fbrrow ! 
 
 And yet methinks a beam of light breaks in 
 
 On my departing foul. Alas, I fear 
 
 I've been too hafty. O ye powers, that fcarch 
 
 The heart of man, and weigh his inmoft thoughts. 
 
 If I have done amifs, impute it not! 
 
 The bed may errc, but you are good, and oh ! [Dies. 
 
 LUCIUS.
 
 382 
 
 c A r 0. 
 
 LUCIUS. 
 
 There fled the greateft foul that ever warm'd 
 A Roman breaft ,• O Cato ! O my friend ? 
 Thy will fhall be religioufly obferv'd. 
 But let us bear this awful corps to defar. 
 And lay it in his fight, that it may ftand 
 A fence betwixt us and the vidor's wrath ; 
 CatOy tho' dead, fliall ftill proted his friends. 
 
 From hence, let fierce contending nations know 
 What dire effeds from civil difcord flow. 
 'Tis this that fliakes our country with alarms, 
 And gives up Rome a prey to Roman arms, 
 Produces fraud, and cruelty, and flrife. 
 And robs the Guilty world of Cato''% life. 
 
 4m 
 
 
 E P I-
 
 38s 
 
 EPILOGUE. 
 
 By Dr. GARTH. 
 
 Spoken by Mrs. PORTER. 
 
 WH AT odd fantajlkk things ive women do f 
 JVho woiid not Itjlen when yottng lovers woo 7 
 But die a ma'tdj yet have the choice of two .f 
 Ladies are often cruel to their coji ; 
 To give fyou pain, themfelves they pimiflo mofi. 
 Vows of virginity Jhould well he weighed:, 
 Too oft they're cancelled., tho" in convents made. 
 
 IVould you revenge fuch rafh refolves you may : 
 
 Be fpiteful and believe the thing zue fay^ 
 
 We hate you when you're eafilyfaidnay. 
 
 How needlefsj if you knew us, were your fears 7 
 
 Let Love have eyes, and Beauty will have ears. 
 
 Our hearts are form'd as you your felves would chufe:, 
 
 Too proud to ask J too humble to refufe : 
 
 fFe give to merit J and to wealth we fell y 
 
 He fighs with mofl fuccefs that fettles well. 
 
 The woes of wedlock with the joys we mix ; 
 
 'Tts hefi repenting in a coach and fix. 
 
 Blame
 
 384. 
 
 EPILOGUE. 
 
 Blame not our conduct, ftnce we hut purfue 
 Thofe Iwelj lejfons we have learn' d from 'you: 
 Tour breajls no more the fire of beauty warms. 
 But wicked wealth tifurps the power of charms j 
 What pams to get the gawdy thing you hate, 
 I'd /well tnjhow, and he a wretch inflate / 
 At plays you ogle, at the ring you bow ; 
 Even churches are no fanBuaries now : 
 "There, golden idols all your vows receive. 
 She IS no goddefs that has nought to give. 
 Oh, may once more the happy age appear. 
 When words were artlefs, and the thoughts ftncere ; 
 When gold and grandeur were unenvy'd things. 
 And courts lefs coveted than groves and fpr'mgs. 
 hove then fhall only mourn when truth complains^ 
 And conflancy feel tranfport in its chains. 
 Sighs with fuccefs their own foft anguijlo tell. 
 And eyes fhall utter what the lips conceal: 
 Virtue again to its bright fiation climb. 
 And beauty fear no enemy but time. 
 The fair fhall liflen to defert alone. 
 And every Lucia find a Cato's fon. 
 
 ^M^.^^,.^-.^V^ 
 
 
 To
 
 Poems on federal Occasions. 385 
 
 To Her R O Y A L H I G H N E S S the 
 
 PRINCESS of fFJ L E S. 
 
 With the Tragedy oi C A T 0. Nov, 17 14. 
 
 THE Mufe that oft, with facred raptures fir'd, 
 Has gen'rous thoughts of Liberty infpir'd. 
 And, boldly rifing for Britannia's laws, 
 Engaged great Cafo in her country's caufe, 
 On You fubmiflive waits, with hopes aflur'd. 
 By whom the mighty blefiing (lands fecur'd. 
 And all the glories, that our age adorn. 
 Are promis'd to a people yet unborn. 
 
 No longer fhall the widowYl land bemoan 
 A broken lineage, and a doubtful throne ; 
 But boaft her royal progeny's increafe. 
 And count the pledges of her future peace. 
 O born to ftrcnsthcn and to grace our ille ! 
 While you, fair Princess, in your Off-lpring fniile 
 Supplying charms to the fiicceeding age. 
 Each heavenly Daughter's triumplis we prefagCj 
 Already fee th'illuftrious youths complain. 
 And pity Monarchs doom'd to figh in vain. 
 
 Vol. I. D dd Thou
 
 g86 Poems on ft'veral Occasions. 
 
 Thou too, the dading of our fond defires, 
 Whom Alh'ion^ opening wide her arms, requires. 
 With manly valour and attradive air 
 Shalt quell the fierce, and captivate the fair. 
 O England's younger hope! in whom confpire 
 The mother's fwectnefs, and the father's fire! 
 For thee perhaps, even now, of kingly race 
 Some dawning beauty blooms in every grace, 
 Some Carolina^ to heaven's dictates true. 
 Who, while the fcepter'd rivals vainly fue. 
 Thy inborn worth with confcious eyes fiiall fee. 
 And flight th' Imperial diadem for thee. 
 
 Pleas'd with the profped of fucceflive reigns, 
 The tuneful tribe no more in daring ftrains 
 Shall vindicate, with pious fears oppreft, 
 Endanger'd rights, and liberty diftrefl : 
 To milder founds each Mufe ihall tune the lyre. 
 And gratitude, and faith to Kings infpire. 
 And filial love 3 bid impious difcord ceafe. 
 And footh the madding fadions into peace,- 
 
 Or rife ambitious in more lofty lays. 
 
 And teach the nation their new Monarch's praile, 
 
 Defcribe his awful look, and godlike mind. 
 
 And C^fafs, power with Cato's virtue join'd. 
 
 Mean- while, bright Princess, who, with graceful eafe 
 
 And native majcfty, are form'd to pleafe. 
 
 Behold thofe Arts with a propitious eye. 
 
 That fuppliant to their great protedrefs fly ! 
 
 Then fliall they triumph, and the Bnttfh ft age 
 
 Improve her manners, and refine her rage. 
 
 More
 
 Poems en federal Occasions. 387 
 
 More noble characters expofe to view, 
 And draw her finifht heroines from you. 
 
 Nor you the kind indulgence will refule, 
 Skill'd in the labours of the deathlefs Mule : 
 The deathlels Mufe with undiminifht rays 
 Through diftant times the lovely dame conveys: 
 To Glor'tana IValler's harp was ftrung ,• 
 The Queen ftill fliines, becaule the Poet fiing. 
 Even all thoie graces, in your frame combin'd. 
 The common fate of mortal charms may find,- 
 (Content our fhort-lived praifes to engage. 
 The joy and wonder of a fingle age,) 
 Unlefs fbme Poet in a lafting fong 
 To late pofterity their fame prolong, 
 Inftrud our fons the radiant form to prize. 
 And fee your beauty with their fathers' eyes. 
 
 
 
 'fM 
 
 ^'^^ 
 
 -> 
 
 Ddd 1 10
 
 388 Poems on feveral Occasions. 
 
 T O 
 
 Sir GOV FRET KNELLER, 
 
 ON HIS 
 
 Picture of the KING. 
 
 KNELLER, with filencc and furprize 
 We fee Brhanma's Monarch rife, 
 A godhke form, by thee difplay'd 
 In all the force of Hght and fhade 5 
 And, aw'd by thy delufive hand. 
 As in the prefence-chamber ftand. 
 
 The magick of thy art calls forth 
 His fecret foul and hidden worth, 
 His probity and mildnefs (liows. 
 His care of friends, and fcorn of foes : 
 In every ftroke, in every line. 
 Docs fome exalted virtue ihine. 
 And Alhion'% happineis we trace 
 Through all the features of his face.
 
 Poems on fe'oeral Occasions. 389 
 
 O may I live to hail the day. 
 When the glad nation fliall furvey 
 Their Sov'raign, through his wide command^ 
 Fading in progrefs o'er the land! 
 Each heart fhall bend, and every voice 
 In loud applauding fliouts rejoice, 
 Whilft all his gracious afpedt praife. 
 And crowds grow loyal as they gaze. 
 
 This image on the medal placed. 
 With its bright round of titles graced, 
 And ftampt on Brit'ifh coins fhall live. 
 To richefl; ores the value give. 
 Or, wrought within the curious mould, 
 Shape and adorn the running gold. 
 To bear this form, the genial Sun 
 Has daily, fince his courfe begun, 
 Rejoiced the metal to refine. 
 And ripen'd the Peruvian mine. 
 
 Thou, Kneller, long with noble pride, 
 The foremoft of thy art, haft vie'd 
 With nature in a generous ftrife. 
 And touch'd the canvas into life. 
 Thy pencil has, by Monarchs fought. 
 From reign to reign in ermine wrought, 
 And, in their robes of ftate array'd, 
 The Kings of half an age difplay'd. 
 
 Here fwarthy Charles appears, and there 
 His Brother with dejected ait: 
 Triumphant Najfau here we fihd, 
 And with him bright Maria join'd ; 
 
 There
 
 3 g o Poems on fe'veraJ O c c A s i o ^^ s. 
 
 There Amm, great as when fhe fcnt 
 Her armies through the continent, 
 E'er yet her Hero was dilgrac't : 
 O may fam'd Bnmfvjkk be the lafl, 
 (Though heaven fliould with my wiili agree. 
 And long preferve thy art in thee) 
 The lad, the happieil Bnujl^ King, 
 Whom thou {lialt paint, or I fliall fing? 
 
 Wife Phidias J thus his skill to prove. 
 Through many a God advanced to Jove, 
 And taught the poliflit rocks to fhine 
 With airs and lineaments divine j 
 'Till Greece, amaz'd, and half-afraid, 
 Th' alTembled deities furvey'd. 
 
 Great Pan, who wont to chafe the fair. 
 And lov'd the fpreading oak, was there ; 
 Old Saturn too with up-cafl: eyes 
 Beheld his abdicated skies ,• 
 And mighty Mars, for war renown'd. 
 In adamantine armour frown'd,- 
 By him the childle/s goddefs rofe, 
 Minerva, ftudious to compofe 
 Her twilled threads ,• the webb fhe ftrung. 
 And o'er a loom of marble huns:: 
 Thetis the troubled ocean's Queen, 
 Match'd with a mortal, next was feen. 
 Reclining on a funeral urn. 
 Her fhort-liv'd darling Son to mourn. 
 The laft was he, whofe thunder flew 
 The Tit&n-izzz, a rebel crew. 
 
 That
 
 Poems on fever al Occasions. 
 
 That from a hundred hills ally'd 
 In impious leagues their King defy'd. 
 This wonder of the fculptor's hand 
 Produced, his art was at a ftand : 
 For who would hope new fame to raife, 
 Or rifque his well-eftablifh'd praife, 
 That, his high genius to approve, 
 Had drawn a GEORGE, or carv'd a Jove / 
 
 391 
 
 **■ 
 
 P O E M A T A.
 
 P O E M A T A. 
 
 Vol. I. 
 
 E e c
 
 mnnin M i [ ii n iiiiiii i iiH' iini i i i iii i i i ii M i m tna 
 
 m 
 
 HONORATISSIMO VIRO 
 
 CAROL O MONTAGU 
 
 A R M I G E R O, 
 
 SCACCHARII CANCELLARIO, 
 
 ^RARII PR^FECTO, 
 
 REGI a SECRETIORIBUS 
 C O N S I L 1 1 S, &c. 
 
 U M tanta auribus tuis obfhrepat vatum 
 nequiflimorum turba, nihil eft cur que- 
 raris aliquid inufitatum tibi contigille, 
 ubi prseclarum hoc argumentum meis 
 etiam numeris violatum confpexeris. 
 Quantum virtu te bellica praeftent Britanni, recens ex 
 rebus geftis teftatur gloria ; quam vero in humaniori- 
 bus Pacis ftudiis non emineamus, indicio funt quos 
 nuper in lucem emifimus verficuli. Qiiod li Con- 
 or e v i u s ille tuus divino, quo folet, furore correp- 
 
 E e e 2 tus
 
 D E D I C A T I O. 
 
 tus materiam hanc non exornallet:, vix tanti efTet ipla 
 I'ax, ut ilia lastaremur tot perditiflimis Poetis tarn 
 mifere decantata. At, dum alios infed:or, mei ipfius 
 oblitus fuille videor, qui baud minores forfan ex La- 
 tinis tibi moleftias allaturus fum, quam quas illi ex 
 vernaculis fuis carmimbus attulerunt ; nifi quod inter 
 ipfos cruciatus lenimentum ^iquod dolori tribuat tor- 
 men ti varietas. Nee quidem unquam addiici poilem, 
 ut poema patrio fermone confcriptum oculis tuis 
 fubjicerem, qui ab iilis conatibus caeteros omnes fcri- 
 bendo non minus deterres, quam favendo excitaveris. 
 
 HUMANITATIS Tu^ 
 
 CULTOR DeVOTISSIMUS, 
 
 JOSEPHUS ADDISON.
 
 P O E M A T A. 
 
 3P7 
 
 Pax G u L I E L M I Aufpiciis Europe^ 
 
 reddita, 1697. 
 
 POftquam ingens clamorquc virum, ftrepituiquc tubarurrij 
 Atque omnis belli cecidit fragor j alpicc, Caefar, 
 ■Qiix tibi fbliciti, turba importuna, Poetas 
 Muncra dcducunt : gcncrofe a pc6tore flamm^, 
 Dirxque armorum effigies, fimulachraque belli 
 Triftia difFugiant : O tandem abfifte triumphis 
 Explctus, penitufque animo totum excute Martem. 
 
 Non ultra ante oculos numerofb milite campi 
 Mifcentur, folito ncc fervent arva tnmultu j 
 Stat circum alta quies, curvoque innixus aratro 
 Defertas folTas, et caftra minantia caftris 
 Rufticus invertit, tacita formidine luftrans 
 Horroremque loci, et funeftos ftragibus agros. 
 Jamque fuper vallum et munimina longa virefcit 
 Expedata feges, jam propugnacula rident 
 Vere novo j infuetos mirabitur incola culmos, 
 Luxuriemquc foil, et turgentcm a fanguine meflfem.' 
 
 Afpicis ut toto excitus venit advena mundo 
 Bcllorum invifens fedem, et confufa ruinis 
 Oppida, et everfos flammarum turbine muros ! 
 
 Vt
 
 398 P O E M A T A. 
 
 Ut trepidos rerum Annales, triftemque laborum 
 Inquirit feriem_, attonitis ut Ipedat ocellis 
 Semirutas turrcs, et adhuc polluta cruore 
 Flumiua, famofofque Ormondi volnere campos! 
 
 Hie, ubi faxa jacent difperfb infe6ta cerebro, 
 Atque interruptis hifcunt divortia muris, 
 Vexillum intrepidus * fixit, cui tempora dudum 
 Budenfes palmse, peregrinaque laurus obumbrat. 
 Hie mens aciem in mediam, qua ferrea grando 
 Sparfa furit circum, et plumbi denfiflimus imber, 
 Sulphuream no6tem, tetrafque bitumine nubes 
 Ingreditur, crebroque rubentem fulgure fumum. 
 Ut vario anfra6tu, et disjediis undique faxis 
 Msenia difcedunt, fcopulifque immane minantur 
 Defuper horrificis, et formidabile pendent! 
 
 Hie peftem occultam, et foecundas fulphure moles 
 Cernere erat, magno quas inter mota tumuitu 
 Prselia fervebant j lubito cum clauftra fragore 
 Horrendum difrupta tenant, femiuftaque membra, 
 Fumantefque artus, laniataque corpora lethum 
 Corripit informe, et rotat ater in sethere turbo. 
 
 Sic, poftquam Enceladi dejecit fulmine fratres 
 Coelicolum pater, et vetuit contemnere divos : 
 Divulfam terr^e faciem, ingentefque ruinas 
 Mortales ftupuere ; altum hinc mirantur abelTe 
 Pelion, invertique imis radicibus OiTam ; 
 Hie fluvium moles inter confufaque faxa 
 
 * Honoratiffimus D. Dominus CUTTS. Baro de Gowran, Sec. 
 
 Reptare,
 
 P O E M A T A. 399 
 
 Reptare, atque aliis difcentem currere ripis. 
 
 Stant dubii, et notos montes umbrafque requirnnt, 
 
 Errore ambiguo eliifi, et novitate locorum. 
 Nempe hie A u r i a c i nuper vexilla fecuta: 
 
 Confluxere acies, hie, afpera corda, Britanni, 
 
 Germanuique ferox, et jund:o foedere Belga; 
 
 Quique truci Boreas, et coelo damnatus iniqiio 
 
 Vitam agit in tenebris ; et qui dudum ore perufto 
 
 Decolor admoti prodit veftigia Piioebi : 
 
 Undique conveniunt, totum confcripta per orbem 
 
 Agmina, NAssovique latus fbciaUbus armis 
 
 Circumfufa tegunt, fremitufque et murniura mifcent. 
 
 Tarn vario disjunda fitu, tot difTona Hnguis. 
 
 Te tamen e mediis, * Du6tor Fortiflimc, turmis 
 Exere, Tu vitam ( fi quid mea carmina poffunt) 
 Accipies, popuHque encomia fera futuri, 
 Quem varias edodum artes, ftudiifque Minervx 
 Omnibus ornatum Marti Rhedycina furenti 
 Credidit invita, et tanto fe jad:at alumno. 
 Hunc nempe ardorem, atque immenfos pe(5toris x^im 
 Non jubar Ar(5toum, aut noftri penuria cocli, 
 Sed plaga torridior, qua fol intentius omncs 
 Effundit radios, totique obnoxia Piiabo 
 India progenuit, tenerilque incoxit ab annis 
 Virtutem immodicam, et generofe incendia mentis. 
 Jam quoque torpentcm qui infeHx fufpicit Ard:on, 
 Brumamque aeternam frigufquc pcrambulat, urfa: 
 
 * Infig. Doni. Chriftopli. Codrington, unus ex Rcgii Satellitii Pntfettis. 
 
 Horridus
 
 40O P O E M A T A. 
 
 Honidas exuviis, G u l i e l m i ingentia fada 
 Defciibit fociis, pugnataque in ordine bella 
 Attentus numerat, neque brum am aut frigora curat. 
 En ! vaftos nivium tradlus et pallida regna 
 Deferit, imperio extrcmum * qui fubjicit orbem, 
 Indigenafque hyemes, Britonumque Heroa pererrat 
 Luminibus tacitis j fubeunt nunc fufa Namurcse 
 Mxnia, nunc tardo quae fanguine plurima fluxit 
 Boinia, nunc dubii palma indifcreta Seneffi. 
 Quae facies, et quanta viri ! quo vertice in auras 
 Affurgit! quali firmat veftigia grefifu, 
 Majeftate rudi, et torvo fpedabilis ore! 
 
 Sic olim Alcides, immania mem.bra Leonis^ 
 Inftratus fpoliis, vafta fe mole ferebat, 
 Evandri amplexus dextramque adjungere dextras 
 Cum peteret, teiStifque ingens fiiccederet hofpes. 
 
 Dum pugnas, Gulielme, tuas, campofque cruentos 
 Accipit, in venis ebullit vividus humor, 
 
 Corda micant crebro, et mentem ferit a^mulus ardor. 
 
 Non jam Riphsos hoftis populabitur agros 
 
 Impunc, aut agitabit inultas Sarmata prsedas. 
 
 Quis tamcn ille procul fremitus ! Qux murmura vulgi 
 
 Nassovium ingeminant ! video cava littora circnm 
 
 Fervere remigibus, fiibitifque albefcere velis. 
 
 Anglia folvc metus, et inanes mitte querelas, 
 
 N A s s o v I fecura tui, defifte tumentes 
 
 Profpicere in fludus animo fufpenfa, trucefque 
 
 Objurgare notos, tardamque requirere puppim : 
 
 * Mufcovix Imperatar, 
 
 OptatiB
 
 P O E M A T A. 401 
 
 Optatus tibi C^efar adeft, nee ut ante videbis 
 SoUicitum belli ftudiis, fatalia Gallo 
 Confilia et tacitas verfantem in pectore pugnas, 
 Olli grata quies et pax tranquilla verendum 
 Compoluit vultum, l^etofque afflavit honores. 
 
 Ut denfo circum fe plurimus agmine miles 
 Agglomerat lateri ! ut patriam veterefque penates 
 Rcfpicit exultans ! juvat oftentare recentes 
 Ore cicatrices, ct vulnera cruda, notafque 
 Mucronum infignes, afflataque iulphwre membra, 
 Chara ftupet conjux, reducilque incerta mariti 
 Vcfligat facicm ; trepida formidine proles 
 Stat procul, et patrios horrefcit nefcia vultiis. 
 Ille graves calus, duri et difcrimina belli 
 Enumerat, tumidifque inftaurat prxlia verbis. 
 Sic, poftquam in patriam foecunda heroibus Argo 
 Phryxeam attulerat pellem, lanamque rigentem 
 Expofuit Graiis, et tortile velleris aurum, 
 Navita terrificis infamia littora monftris 
 Defcribit, mixto fpirantem incendia fumo 
 Serpentem, vigilefque feras, plauftroque gementes 
 Infolito tauros, et anhclos igne juvencos. 
 
 Te tamen, O quantis Gulielme ereptc periclis, 
 Accipimus reducem : tibi Diva Britannia fundit 
 Plebemque et Proceres : medias quacunquc per urbes 
 Ingrederis, crcbr^c confargunt undique pompse, 
 Gaudiaque et plaufus : mixto ordinc vulgus euntem 
 Circumftat frcmitu denfo: Tibi Jupiter annum 
 Serius invertit, luces mirata ferenas 
 Ridct Hyems, feftoque vacat coelum omnc triumpho. 
 
 Vol. L F f f Jimque
 
 402 P O E M A T A. 
 
 Jamque * Nepos tibi parvus adeft, Isetoque juventae 
 IncefTu, et blando teftatur gaudia rifu. 
 Ut Patrius vigor atque elati gratia vultus 
 Csfareum fpirant, majeftatemque verendam 
 Infundunt puero ! ut Mater forrRofa ferenat 
 Auguftam frontem, et fublimia temperat ora ! 
 Agnofco faciem ambiguam, mixtofque parentes. 
 Hie tuas, GuLiELME, acies, et triftia bella, 
 Pugnafque innocua dudum fiib imagine lufit. 
 Nunc indignanti fimilis fugitiva pufillas 
 Terga premit turmx, et falfis terroribus implet, 
 Sternitque exiguum fi6lo cognomine Galium. 
 Nunc fimulat turres, et propugnacula parva 
 Nominibus fignat variis ^ fubitoque tumultu 
 Sedulus infirmas arces, humilemque Namurcam 
 Diruit J interea generofe in ped:ore flammae 
 AfTurgunt fenfim juveni, notat ignis honeftas 
 Purpureo fervore gcnas, et amabilis horror. 
 
 Quis tamen Auguftx immenfas in carmine pompas 
 Inftruet, in luteos ubi vulgo cfFufa canales 
 Vina rubent, variatque infedias purpura fordes : 
 Quis laplus referet ftellarum, et fictile coelum, 
 Qua laceram oftendunt redolentia compita chartam, 
 Sulphuris exuvias, tubuiofque bitumine cafTos ? 
 
 En procul attonitam video clarefcere nod:em 
 Fulgore infolito! ruit undique lucidus imber/ 
 Flagrantefque hyemes ,• crepitantia fidera pafTim 
 Scintillant, totoque pluutlt incendia coelo. 
 
 * CelfilTimus Princeps Dux Gloceftrcnfis. 
 
 Nec
 
 P O E M A T A. 
 
 Nec minus in terris Vulcanus mille figuras 
 Induit, ignivomafque feras, et fulgida monftra, 
 Terribiles vifu formas ! hie membra Leonjs 
 Hifpida mentitur, tortifque comantia flammis 
 CoUa quatit, rutilafque jubas^ hie lubricus Anguem 
 Ludit, fubfdiens, et multo fibilat igne. 
 
 Lxtitiam ingentem atque eflfufa base gaudia civis 
 Jam tandem fecurus agit, pofitoque timore 
 Exereet ventos, claflemque per ultima mundi 
 Impune educit, pelagoque Heentius errat : 
 Seu conftridla gelu, mediilque horrentia Cancri 
 Menfibus arva videt ; feu turgida malit olenti 
 Tendere vela noto, qua thurea flamina milcet 
 i£olus, et plaeidis perfundit odoribus auras. 
 
 Vos animse illuftres heroum, umbraeque recentes, 
 Quarum trunea jaeent et adhue ftillantia erudis 
 Corpora vulneribus, quibus hsec optabilis orbi 
 Parta quies, nondum N a s s o v o abdueite veftro 
 Fida fatelUtia, at folitis ftipate eatervis 
 Du(5torem, et tenues circum diflfundite turmas. 
 Tuque Maria, tuos non unquam obhta Britannos, 
 O Diva, O patiens magnum expe(5t:are maritum, 
 Ne terris Dominum invideas, quanquam ampUus ilium 
 Detineant, longamque agitent fub vindice pacem. 
 
 403 
 
 F f f £ Baro-
 
 4C4 
 
 P O E M A T A, 
 
 Barometri Defcriptio, 
 
 QU A penetrat fofTor terrs caeca antra, metalla 
 Foecunda informi, rudibufque nitentia venis f 
 Diim flupet occultas gazas, nnmmofque futures, 
 Eruit argenti latices, nitidumque liquorem; 
 Qui nuUo eflFu(us prodit veftigia tradu, 
 Nee terram figno revolubilis imprimit udo, 
 Sed fradus fparfim in globules formam ufque rotundam 
 Scrvat, et in teretes lapfans fe coUigit orbes. 
 Incertum qua {it natura, an negligat ultra 
 Perfici^-, jubar et maturus inutile temnatj 
 An potius folis vis imperfeda relinquat 
 Argentum male codum, divitiafque fluentes : 
 Quicquid erit, magno fe jadat nobilis ufu^ 
 Nee Deus effulfit magis alpedabilis olim. 
 Cum Danaen flavo circum pretiofas amidu 
 Ambiit, et, gratam fiiadente libidine formam, 
 Depluit irriguo liqueladum Numen in Auro. 
 ^ Quin age, fume tubum fragilem, cui denfior aer 
 Exclufas j fundo vitri fibfidat in imo • 
 Argenti ftagnum; ut pluvia impendente metallum- 
 Mobile defcendat, vel contra, ubipoftulat melius, 
 Prodeat hinc liquor emergens, et rurfus inane 
 Occupet afcenfu, tubulumque excurrat in omnem. 
 
 Jaoai
 
 P O E M A T A. 405 
 
 Jam coeli facicm tcmpeftatefque futuras 
 Confcia lympha monet, brumamque et frigora narrat. 
 Nam quoties liquor infurgit, vitreoque canali 
 Sublatum nequeunt ripaz cohibere priores ; 
 Tum la:tos fperare dies licet, aiva fatentur 
 i£ftatem, et large difHifo lumine rident. 
 Sin fefe immodicum attollens Argenteus humor^ 
 Et nimium opprelTus, contendat ad ardua vitri, 
 Jam fitiunt herb^e, jam fuccos flamma feraces 
 Excoquit, et languent confumto prata virore. 
 
 Cum vero tenues nebulas ipiracula terr^e 
 Fundunt, et madidi fluitant fuper sequora fumi, 
 Pabula Venturas pluviae,- tum fufile pondus 
 Inferiora petit; nee certior Ardea coelos 
 Indicat humentes, medias quando setheris oras 
 Tranando, craffa fruitur fublimius aura, 
 Difcutit et madidis rorantia nubila pennis. 
 Nunc guttae agglomerant, difperfas frigora ftipant 
 Particulas, rarufque in nimbum cogitur humor : 
 Prata virent, fegetem foecundis imbribus aether 
 Irrigat, et bibulx radici alimenta miniftrat. 
 Quin ubi plus sequo defcendens uda metalli 
 Fundum amat, impatiens pluvi^e, metuenfque procellam, 
 Agricolaz caveant J non hoc impune colonus 
 Afpicit i oftendet mox fceta vaporibus aura 
 CoUetSlas hyemes, tempeftatemque fonoram. 
 At licet Argentum mole incumbente levatum 
 Subfidat, penimfque imo fe condat in alveo, 
 Caetera quxque tument,- cverfis flumina ripis. 
 
 JExpatiata ruuntj ipumantibus xftuat undis 
 
 Diluvium J,
 
 4o6 P O E M A T A. 
 
 Diluvium, rapidique eflfufa licentia ponti. 
 
 Nulla tacet fecreta poli mirabile vitrum, 
 Quin varies coeli vultus et tempora prodit. 
 Ante refert, quando tenui velamine tutus 
 Incedes, quando fperabis frigidus ignem. 
 
 Augurio hoc fretus, quanquam atri nubila coeli 
 Dirumpunt obfcura diem, pluviafque minantur j 
 Machina fi neget, et fudum promittat apeitum, 
 Audax carpat iter nimbo pendente viator ; 
 Nee metuens imbrem, pofcentes Meflbr ariftas 
 Profternat: terrse jam bruma incumbit inermis, 
 Frigoraque haud nocitura cadunt, feriuntque paratos. 
 
 nrrMAio-
 
 P O E M A T A. 407 
 
 nTrMAIO-rEPANOMAXIA* 
 
 S I V E, 
 
 P R JE L 1 U M 
 
 INTER 
 
 Pygm^os et Grues Gommiflum. 
 
 p' 
 
 Ennatas acies, et lamentabile bellum 
 Pygmeadum refero: parvas tu, Mufa^ cohortes 
 Inftrue ,• tu gladios, mortemque minantia roftra, 
 OfFenfoique Grues, indignanteique pufillam 
 y Militiam celcbra ,• volucrumque hominumque tumultus, 
 
 Heroum ingcntes animos et triftia Bella 
 Pieridum labor exhaufit, vcrfuque fbnoro 
 Juflit et aeterna numerorum afTurgere pompa : 
 Quis ledos Graium juvenes, et torva tuentem 
 Thefea, quis pcdibus velocem ignorat Achillem ? 
 Qiiem dura JEnex certamina, qu«m GuLiELMii 
 Gefta latent ? fratres Thebani, et flebile fatum 
 Pompeii quern non delaffavere legentem ? 
 Primus ego intadas acies^ gracilemque tubarum- 
 
 Garmina'
 
 4o8 P O E M A T A. 
 
 Carmine depingam fonitum, nova caftra fecutus ^ 
 Exiguofque canam pugile's, Gruibufque malignos 
 Hcroas, nigrilque ruentem e nubibus hoftem. 
 
 Qua folis tepet ortu, primitiifque diei 
 India l^eta rubct, medium inter inhofpita faxa 
 (Ver placidam vallem, et paucis acceffa vireta) 
 Pygm^eum quondam fteterat, dum fata finebant, 
 Imperium, Hie varias vitam excoluere per artes 
 Seduli, et alTiduo fervebant arva popello. 
 Nunc fi quis dura evadat per faxa viator, 
 Defertofque lares, et valles ofTibus albas 
 Exiguis videt, et veftigia parva ftupefcit. 
 Defolata tenet vidrix impune volucris 
 Regna, et fecuro crepitat Grus improba nido. 
 Non fie, dum multos ftetit infuperabilis annos 
 Parvula progenies,- turn, fi quis cominus ales 
 Congredi, et immixtse auderet fe credere pugn^. 
 Miles atrox aderat, fumptifque feroculus armis 
 Sternit humi volucrem moribundam, humerifque reportat 
 Ingentem praedam ^ cxfoque epulatur in hofte. 
 S.rpe improvifas ma(5tabat, f^epe juvabat 
 Diripere aut nidum, aut ulcifci in prole parentem, 
 Nempe larem quoties multa conftruxerat arte, 
 Aut uteri poluiflet onus, volucremque futuram ; 
 Continuo vultu fpirans immane minaci 
 Omnia vaftaret miles, foetufque necaret 
 Immeritos, vitamque abrumperet imperfedam, 
 'Cum tepido nondum maturuit hoftis in ovo. 
 
 Hinc caufx irarum, bella hinc, fatalia bella, 
 -Atque acies letho intent.^, volucrumque virumque 
 
 Commiff^
 
 P O E M A T A. 409 
 
 Commiffx ilragcs, confufaque mortis imago. 
 Non tantos motus, nee tarn memorabile bdlum, 
 Maconius quondam (ublimi carmine vates 
 Lufit J ubi totam ftrepituque armifque paludem 
 Mifciiit : hie (vifii miferabile !) corpora murum 
 Sparfa jacent juncis transfixa, hie gutturc rauco 
 Rana dolet, pedibufqiie abfciiTo popHte ternis 
 Rcptar humi, foHtis nee fefe faltibus effert. 
 
 Jamque dies Pygm^eo aderat, quo tempore csefi 
 Poenitnit foetus, intad:aque maluit ova. 
 Nam fupcr his accenla graves exarfit in iras 
 Grus ftomachans ,• omnefque fimul, quas Strymonis unda, 
 Aut flagnum Mareotidis, imi aut uda Cayftri 
 Prata tenent, adfunt j Scythicaque excita pahide, 
 Et conjurato vohicris defccndit ab Iftro, 
 Stragefquc immenfas et vulnera cogitat abiens, 
 Exacuitque ungues id:um meditata futurum, 
 Et roftrum parat acre, fugxque accommodat alas. 
 Tantus amor belh, et vindidas arreda cupido. 
 Ergo ubi ver nad:us proprium, fufpendis in alto 
 Acre concuflis exercitus obftrepit aHs, 
 Terrxque immenfos tradius, femotaque longe 
 yEquora defpiciunt, Boreamque et nubila tranant 
 hinumeri : crebro circum ingens fluduat xther 
 Flaminc, ct afTiduus mifcet cochim omne tumultus. 
 
 Nee minor in terris motus, dum bella faeeflit 
 Impigcr, inftituitque agmen, firmatque phahmgas, 
 Et furit arreptis animodis homuncio tchs : 
 Donee turma duas compoda exeurrat in alas, 
 Ordinibufquc frequcns, et marte inftruda peiito. 
 
 V o L, I. ^ g S Jamque
 
 410 P O E M A T A. 
 
 Jamque acies inter medias fcih arduus infeit 
 Pycrmeadum dudor, qui majeftate verendus 
 IncefTuque gravis reliquos fiipereminet omnes 
 Mole gigantea, mediamque aifurgit in ulnam. 
 Torvior afpedu (hoftilis nam infculpferat unguis 
 Ore cicatrices) vul tuque oftentat honefta 
 Roftrorum figna, et crudos in pedore morfus. 
 Immortali odio, arternifque exercuit iris 
 Alituum gentem, non ilium impune volucris 
 Aut ore, aut pedibus peteret confifus aduncis. 
 Fatalem quoties Gruibus diftrinxerat enfem, 
 Truncavitque alas, celerique fugam abll:ulit hofti f 
 Quot fecit ftrages ! quae nudis funera pullis 
 Intulit, hcu ! quoties implevit Strymona fletu ! 
 
 Jamque procul fonus auditur, piceamque volantum 
 Profpedant nubem bellumque hoftefque ferentem. 
 Crebrefcit tandem, atque oculis fe plurimus ofFcrt 
 Ordinibus ftrudus variis exercitus ingens 
 Alituum, motifque eventilat aera pennis. 
 Turba polum replet, Ipecieque immanis obumbrat 
 Agmina Pygmaeorum, et denfa in nubibus h^eret i 
 Nunc denfa, at patriis mox reddita rarior oris. 
 Belli ardent ftudio Pygmsi, et lumine fsvo 
 Sufpiciunt hoftem j nee longum tempus, et ingens 
 Turba Gruum horrifico (efc faper agmina lapfu 
 Pr^cipitat gravis, et bellum fperantibus infert : 
 Fit fragor ; avulfx volitant circum aera plum^. 
 Mox defelTa iterum levibus fefe eripit alis, 
 ' Et- vires reparata iterum petit impete terras. 
 Armorum pendet fortnna : hie fixa volucris 
 
 Cu/pide^
 
 P 6 E M A T A. 411 
 
 Cufpide, fanguineo fefe furibunda rotatu 
 Torquet agens circum, roftrumque intendit in hoftem 
 Imbelle, et curves in morte recolligit ungues. 
 Pygmsei hie ilillat lentus de vulnere fanguis, 
 Singultufque ciet crebros, pedibufque pufillis 
 Tundit humum, et moriens unguem execratur ac&tum. 
 iEftuat omne folum ilrepitu, tepidoque mbcfcit 
 Sanguine, fparguntur gladii, fparguntur et alse, 
 Unguefque et digiti, commiftaque roftra lacertis. 
 Pygmeadum f^vit, mediifque in millibus ardet 
 Dudior, quern late hinc atque hinc pereuntia cingunt 
 Corpora fufa Gruum ; mediaque in morte vagatur, 
 Ncc plaufu alarum, nee roftri concidit id:u. 
 lile Gruum terror, ilium denfiflima circum 
 Mifcetur pugna, et bellum omne laborat in uno : 
 Cum, fiibito appulius (fie Di voluere) tumultu 
 Ex inopino ingens et formidabilis Ales 
 Comprendit pedibus pugnantem ,• et (trifte relatu) 
 Suftulit in coelum ; bellator ab unguibus h^ret 
 
 Pendulus, agglomerat ftrepitu globus undique denfiis 
 
 Alituum ^ fruftra Pygmaei lumine moefto 
 
 Regem inter nubes lugent, folitoque minoreni 
 
 Heroem afpiciunt Gruibus plaudentibus efcam. 
 Jamque recrudefcit bellum, Grus defiiper urget 
 
 Pygmoeum roftro, atque hoftem petit ardua morfu; 
 
 Tum fugit alta volans j is (urfum brachia ja6tat 
 
 Vulneris impatiens, et inanes f^evit in auras. 
 
 Talis erat belli facics, cum Pelion ingens 
 
 Mitteret in coelum Briareus, folioque Tonantem 
 
 Pro^cipitem excuterct ; fparguntur in iEthere toto 
 
 G g g 1 Fulminaque
 
 412 P O E M A T A. 
 
 Fulminaque fcopulique: flagrantia tela deorfum 
 Torquentur Jovis ada manu, dum vafta Gigantum 
 Corpora fufa jacent, femiuftaque fulphure fumant, 
 
 Viribus abfumptis penitus Pygmeia tandem 
 Agmina languefcimt - ergo pars vertere terga 
 Horribili perculfa metu, pars toUere vocem 
 Exiguam ; late populus Cubitalis oberrat. 
 Inftant a tergo volucres, lacerantque trahuntque 
 Immites, certse gentem extirpate nefandam. 
 
 Sic Pygmsea domus multos dominata per annos. 
 Tot bellis defunda, Grunm tot Ixn triumphis, 
 Funditus interiit : Nempe exitus omnia tandem 
 Certus Regna manet, lunt certi denique fines, 
 Quos ultra tranfire nefas : fic corruit olim 
 AfTyria; Imperium, fic magnse Pcrfidis imis 
 Sedibus everliim eft, et majus utroque Latinum, 
 Elyfii valles nunc agmine luftrat inanij. 
 Et veterum Heroum mifccmr grandibus umbris 
 Plebs parva : aut, fi quid fidei mereatur anilis . 
 Fabula, Paftores per nodis opaca pufiilas 
 Sspe vident umbras, Pygmacos corpore caflo^. 
 Dum fecura Gruum, et veteres oblita laborcs^ 
 Lxtitis penitus vacat, indulgetque choreis, . 
 Anguftolque terit calles, viridefque per orbes 
 Tm-ba levis falit, et lemurum cognomine gaudetr 
 
 B- E S U
 
 P O E M A T A. 413 
 
 R E S U R R E C T I O 
 
 DELINEATA 
 
 Ad Altare Col. Magd. Oxoa 
 
 EGregios fuci tradus, calamique labores, 
 Surgentefque hominum formas, ardentiaque ora 
 Judicis, ct fimulachra modis pallentia miris, . 
 Terribilem vifii pompam, tu carmine Muia 
 Pande novo, vatique facros accende furores. 
 
 Olim planitiem (quam nunc foecunda colorum 
 Infignit pidlura) inhonefto et fimplice culm 
 Veftiit albedo, fed nc rima ulla priorem 
 Agnofcat faciem, mox fundamenta futura: 
 Subftravit piitor tabula:, humoremque fcquacem 
 Per muros traxit ; velamine mosnia crafTo 
 Squallent obduda, , et rudioribus illita fucis. 
 
 Utque (polo nondum ftcllis fulgentibus apto) 
 Ne fpatio moles immcnfa dehifcat inani, 
 Per cava ccclorum, et convexa patcntia late 
 Hinc atque hinc intcrfufus fluitaverat aether -, 
 Mox radianteaovum tortebat luininc munfJum. 
 
 Titan 
 
 3 •>
 
 41.4- P O E M A T A. 
 
 Titan, ct pallens alienos mitius ignes 
 Cynthia vibrabat ; crebris nunc confitus aftris 
 Scintillare polus, nunc fulgor Ladeus omne 
 DiiBuere in ccelum, longoque albefcere trad:u. 
 Sic, operis poftquam lufit primordia pidor, 
 Dum fordet paries, nuUumque fatetur Apellemj 
 Cautius exercct calamos, atque arte tenacem 
 Confundit vifcum, fuccofque attemperat, omnes 
 Inducit tandem formas j apparet ubique 
 Muta cohors, et pi.d:urarum vulgus inane. 
 
 Aligeris muri vacat ora fuprema miniftris^, 
 Sparfaque per totam coeleftis turba tabellam 
 Raucos infpirat lituos, bnccafque tumentes 
 In flat, et attonitum replet clangoribus orbem. 
 Defundis fonus auditur, tabulamque per imam 
 Pid;a gravefcit humus, terris emergit apertis 
 Progenies rediviva, et plurima fiirgit imago. 
 
 Sic, dum fcecundis Cadmus dat femina fiilcis. 
 Terra tumet pra^gnans, animataque gleba laborat, 
 Luxuriatur ager fegete Ipirante, calefcit 
 Omne folum, crefcitque virorum prodiga meflis. 
 
 Jam pulvis varias terrze difperfa per oras, 
 Sive inter venas teneri concreta metalli, 
 Senfim diriguit, feu (ek immifcuit herbis, 
 Explicita eft ,- molem rurfus coalefcit in unam 
 Divifum funus, fparfos prior alligat artus 
 ]un6tura, aptanturque iterum coeuntia membra. 
 Hie nondum fpecic perfeda refurgit imago, 
 Vultum truncata, atque inhonefto vulnere nares 
 Manca^ et adhuc deeft informi de corpore multum. 
 
 Paulatim
 
 P O E M A T A. 415 
 
 Paulatim in rigidum hie vita infinuata cadaver 
 Motu iEgro vix dum redivivos erigit artus. 
 Inficit his horror vultus, et imagine tota 
 Fufa per attonitam pallet formido figuram. 
 
 Detrahe quin oculos fped:ator, et, ora nitcntem 
 Si poterint perferre diem, medium infpice murum. 
 Qua fedet orta Deo proles, Deus ipfe, fereno 
 Lumine perfufiis, radiifque inlperfus acutis. 
 Circum tranquilla; funduntur tempora flammx, 
 Regius ore vigor fpirat, nitet ignis ocellis, 
 Pluiimaque effulget majeftas numine toto. 
 Quantum diflimilis, quantum o ! mutatus ab illo,. 
 Qui peccata luit cruciatus non lua, vitam 
 Quando ludantem cnndata morte trahebatf 
 Sed fruftra voluit defundium Golgotha numen 
 Condere, dum vi6ta fatorum lege triumphans 
 Nativum petiit caelum, et fiiper ^hera ved:us 
 Defpexit lunam exiguam, folemque minorem. 
 
 Jam latus effoffum, et palmas oftendit utrafque, 
 Vulnufque infixum pede, clavorumque recepta 
 Signa, et tranfadii quondam veftigia ferri. 
 Umbrae hue felices tendunt, numero(aque coelos 
 Turba petunt, atque immortalia dona capefTunt. 
 Matres, et longa: nunc reddita corpora vitx 
 Infantum, juvenes, pueii, innuptxque puelLx 
 Stant circum, atque avidos jubar imriiortale bibentcs 
 Affigunt oculos in Numine j laudibus aether 
 Intonat, et laeto ridet coclum omne triumpho. 
 His amor impatiens conccptaque gaudia mentem 
 Funditus cxagitant;, imoque in pedore fervent^ 
 
 Non
 
 4i6 P O E M ATA. 
 
 Noil ajque cxiiltat flagranti cordc Sibylla, 
 Hofpite cum tumet inclufo, et praccordfa fentit 
 Mota Dei ftimulis, nimioque calentia Phcebo. 
 
 Qiiis tamcn ille novus perftringit lumina fulgor ? 
 Quam Mitra effigiem diftinxit pidor, honcfto 
 Surgcntem e tumulo, alatoque fatellite fultam ? 
 Agnofco faciem, vultu latet alter in illo 
 * Wainflctns, fie ille oculos, fie ora fcrebat : 
 Eheu quando animi par invenictur Imago! 
 Quando alium fimilem virtus habitura!— — 
 Irati innocuas fecurus numinis iras 
 Afpicit, impavidofque in Judice figit ocellos. 
 
 Quin age, et horrentem commixtis igne tenebrrs 
 Jam videas fcenam^, multo hie ftagnantia fiaco 
 Moenia, flagrantem liquefad:o jfiilphure rivum 
 
 • Fingunt, et fallus tanta arte aecenditnr ignis, 
 L^t toti metuas tabula, ne flamma per omne 
 Livida ferpat opus, tenuefque abfumpta recedat 
 Pidiura in cineres, propriis peritura favillis. 
 Hue turba infelix agitur, turpifque videri 
 Infrendet dentes, et rugis contrahit ora. 
 Vindex a tergo implacabile faevit, et eniem 
 Fulmineum vibrans aeie flagrante fi:eleft:os 
 Jam Paradifeis iterum depellit ab oris. 
 Heu ! quid agat trifliis ? quo fe coelefliibus iris 
 Subtrahat ? o ! quantum vellet nunc ^there in alto 
 Virtutem colere! at tandem fiifpiria ducit 
 
 * Coll. M'.gd. Mandator. 
 
 Nequic-
 
 P O E M A T A. 417 
 
 Nequicquam, et fero in lachrymas effunditur ; obilant 
 Sortes non revocand^, et inexorabile numen. 
 
 Quam varias aperit veneres pidura ! periti 
 Quot calami legimus veftigia? quanta colorum 
 Gratia fe profert? tales non difcolor Iris 
 Oftendat, vario cum lumine floridus imber 
 Rore nitet toto, et gutta fcintillat in omni. 
 
 O fuci nitor, o pulchri durate colores! 
 Nee, pidlura, tuse languefcat gloria forma?, 
 Dum lucem vidcas, qualem exprimis ipfa, fupremam." 
 
 SPHyfiRISTERIUM. 
 
 HI C, ubi graminea in latum fefc explicat acquor 
 Planities, vacuoque ingens patet area campo, 
 Cum folem nondum fumantia prata fatcntur 
 Exortum, et tumidas pendent in gramine guttae, 
 Improba falx nod:is parva incrementa prioris 
 Defecat, exiguam radens a cefpitc melTem : 
 Tum motu afliduo faxum verfatile terram 
 Deprimit extantem, et iurgentes atterit herbas. 
 Lignea percurrunt vernantem turba palxftram 
 Uncfta, nitens oleo, formed quibus ei^e rotund.x 
 Artificis ferrum dederat, facilifque moveri. 
 Ne tamen offendant incauti errorc globorum, 
 Qiixquc fuis incifa notis ftat fphcrra ,• fed unus *- 
 
 Hanc vult, qua: infufo multum inclinata metallo 
 
 Vol. I. Hh h Vei'ticur
 
 4i8 
 
 P O E M A T A. 
 
 Vertitur in gyros, et iniquo tramite currit ; 
 Quin alii diverfa placet, quam parcius iirget 
 Plumbea vis, motuque finit procedere re<5to. 
 
 Poftquam ideo in partes turbam diftinxerat sequas 
 Confilium, aut fors ; quifque iuis accingitiir armis. 
 Evolat orbiculus, quae curfum meta futurum 
 Defignatj j antique legens veftigia, primam. 
 Qui certamen init, fphsram demittit, at ilia 
 Leniter efFufa, exiguum quod ducit in orbem, 
 Radit iter, donee fenfim primo impete fefifo 
 Subfiftat j fubito globus emicat alter et alter. 
 
 Mox ubi funduntur late agmina crebra minorem 
 Sparfa per orbiculum, ftipantque frequentia metam, 
 Atque negant faciles aditus ; jam cautius exit, 
 Et leviter fefe infinuat revolubile lignum. 
 At fi forte globum, qui mifit, jfpedat inertem 
 Serpere, et impreflum fubito languefcere motum, 
 Pone urget fphxrae veftigia, et anxius inftat, 
 Objurgatque moras, currentique imminet orbi. 
 Atque ut fcgnis honos dextrae fervetur, ini^am 
 Incufat terram, ac fiirgentem in marmore nodum. 
 
 Nee rifiis tacuere, globus cum volvitur adlus 
 Infami ja<5lu, aut nimium veftigia plumbum 
 Allicit, et fphaeram a redo trahit infita virtus. 
 Tum qui projecit, ftrepitus eflfundit inanes, 
 Et, variam in fpeciem diftorto corpore, falfos 
 Increpat errores, et dat convitia ligno. 
 Sphxra fed, irarum temnens ludibria, cceptum 
 Pergit iter, nuUifque movetur fur da querelis. 
 
 Ilia tamen laudes fummumque meretur lionorem. 
 
 Qua:
 
 P O E M A T A? 419 
 
 Quae non dirumpit curium, abfiftitque movcri. 
 Donee turbam inter crebram dilapfa fupremum 
 Perfecit ftadium, et metae inclinata recumbit. 
 Hoftis at hserentem orbiculo detrudere fphxram 
 Certat, luminibufque viam fignantibus omnes 
 Intendit vires, et miflile fortiter urget ; 
 Evolat addudo non fegnis fphsera lacerto. 
 
 Haud ita profiliens Eleo carcere pernix 
 Auriga invehitur, cum raptus ab axe citato 
 Currentefque domos videt, et fogientia ted;a. 
 
 Si tamen in duros, obftruda fatellite multo, 
 Impingant focios, confundatque orbibus orbes; 
 Turn fervet bilis, fortunam damnat acerbam, 
 Atque Deos atque aftra vocat crudelia. 
 
 Si vero incurfus faciles, aditumque patentem 
 Inveniat, partoque hoftis fpolietur honore : 
 Turba fremit confufa, fonifque frequentibus, euge, 
 Exclamant focii ; plaulu ftrepit omne viretum. 
 
 Interea felTos inimico Sirius aftro 
 Corripit, et falfas exudant corpora guttas ,• 
 Lenia jam zephyri fpirantes frigora, et umbrat 
 Captantur, vultuque fluens abftergitur humor. 
 
 -f%- - x* 
 
 Hhh 2 A D
 
 420 P O E M A T A. 
 
 A D 
 
 D. D. H AN N E S. 
 
 I N S I G N I S S I M U M i 
 
 MeDICUM et POETAM 
 
 OQiii canoro blandius Orpheo 
 Vocale ducis carmen, et exitu 
 Feliciore luduofis 
 
 S^epe animam revocas ab iimbris^ 
 Jam feu folutos in numerum pedes 
 Cogis, vel iEgrum et vix anim^e tenax 
 Corpus tueris, ieu cadaver 
 Luminibus penetras acutis ; 
 Opus relinquens eripe te mora?, 
 Frontemque curis iblicitam explica, 
 Scyphumque jucundus require 
 Purpureo gravidum Lyaso. 
 Nunc plena magni pocula poftules 
 Memor W i l h e l m i, nunc moveat fitim 
 Minifter ingens, imperique 
 
 Praefidium baud leve, Montacutus. 
 
 Omitte
 
 P O E M A T A. 42r 
 
 Omitte tandem trifte ncgotium 
 Gravefque curas, heu nimium pius! 
 Nee cjEteros cautus mederi 
 Ipfe tuam minuas falutem. 
 Fruftra cruorem pulfibus incitis 
 Ebullientem pollice comprimis, 
 Attentus exploiare venani 
 
 Quc^ febris exagitet tumcntem : 
 Fruftra liquores quot Chymica expedit 
 Fornax, et error fanguinis, et vigor 
 Innatus herbis te fatigant: 
 Serius aut citius fepulchro 
 Debemur omnes, vitaque deferet 
 Expulfa morbis corpus inhoipitum, . 
 Lentumque deflebunt nepotes 
 (Relliquias animje) cadaver. 
 Manes videbis tu quoque fabulas, 
 Quos pauciores fecerit ars tua ; 
 Suumque vid:orem viciffim 
 Subjiciet libitina vid;rix. 
 Decurrit illi vita beatior 
 Quicunque lucem non nimis anxius 
 Reddic moleftam, urgetve curas 
 Sponte iua fatis ingruentes 5 
 Et quern dierum lene fluentium 
 Deled:at or Jo, vitaque mutuis 
 Felix amiciS; gaudiifque 
 Innociiis bene temperata. 
 
 Machina;
 
 422 P O E M A T a; 
 
 Machinae Gefticulantes, 
 
 A N G L I C E 
 
 A PUPPET-SHOW. 
 
 ADmiranda cano levium (pe<5lacula reruiti, 
 Exiguam gentem, et vacuum fine mente popellum,* 
 Quern, non furreptis coeli de fornice flammis, 
 Innocua melior fabricaverat arte Prometheus. 
 
 Compita qua rifii fervent, glomeratque tumultum 
 Hiftrio, delediatque inhiantem fcommate turbam ; 
 Quotquot laetitiaj ftudio aut novitate tenentur, 
 Undique congrefTi permiffa fedilia complent. 
 Nee confufus honos ; nummo fubfellia cedunt 
 Diverfo, et varii ad pretium ftat copia fcamni. 
 Tandem ubi (ubtrahitur velamen, lumina paflim 
 Anguftos penetrant aditus, qua plurima vifum 
 Fila fecant, ne, cum vacuo datur ore feneftra, 
 Pervia fraus pateat : mox ftridula turba penates 
 Ingreditur pidos, et msenia fqualUda fiico. 
 Hie humiles inter fcenas, anguftaque clauftra, 
 Quicquid agunt homines, concurfus, bella, triumphos. 
 
 Ludit
 
 P O E M A T A. 423 
 
 Ludit in exiguo plebecula parva theatro. 
 
 Sed prxter reliquos incedit H o m u n c i o rauca 
 Voce ftrepenSj major fubneclit fibula veflem, 
 Et referunt vivos errantia lumina motus ; 
 In ventrem tumet immodicum ,• pone eminet ingens 
 A tergo gibbus ; Pygmxum territat agmen 
 Major, et immanem miratur turba Gigantent. 
 Hie magna fretus mole, imparibufqiie lacertis 
 Confiius, gracili jadat convitia vulgo, 
 Et crebro folvit, lepidum caput, ora cachinno. 
 Quanquam res agitur folenni feria pompa, 
 Spernit follicitum intractabilis ilie tumultum, 
 Et rifii importunus adefl, atque omnia turbat. 
 Nee raro invadit molles, pidamque protervo 
 Ore petit Nympham, invitoque dat ofcula ligno. 
 
 Sed comitum vulgus diverfis membra fatigant 
 Ludis, et vario lafcivit mobile faltu. 
 
 SsEpe etiam gemmis rutila, et lped:abilis auro, 
 Lignea gens prodit, nitidifque luperbit in oftris. 
 Nam, quoties feftam celebrat fub imagine lucem, 
 Ordine compofito Nympharum incedit honeftuni 
 Agmen, et exigui proceres, parvique quirites. 
 Pygmaeos credas pofitis mitefcere bellis, 
 Jamque, infenfa Gruum temnentes prxlia, tutos 
 Indulgere jocis, tenerifque vacare chorcis. 
 
 Tales, cum medio labuntur fidera coelo, 
 Parvi fubfiliunt Lemur es, populufque pufillus 
 Feftivos, rediens ^a per veftigia, gyros 
 Ducit, et anguftum crebro pede pulfitat orbem. 
 Mane patent grelTus j hinc fuccos terra fcraces 
 
 , Concipit,
 
 424 P O E M A T A. 
 
 Concipit, ill multam pubentia gramina furgunt 
 Luxuriem, tenerifque virefcit circulus herbis. 
 
 At noil trail quillas nulU abdunt nubila luces, 
 S.rpe gravi rurguiit bella, liorrida bella, tumultu. 
 Arm a cient truculenta cohors, placidamque quietem 
 Dirumpunt pngn3e ; ufque adco infinccra voluptas 
 Omnibus, et mifl^e caftigant gaudia curze. 
 Jam gladii, tubulique ingefto fulphure foeti, 
 Frotenfa^que haftse, fulgentiaque arma, minxque 
 Telonmi ingentes fubeunt^ dant clauftra fragorem 
 Horrendum, ruptx ftridente bitumine charts 
 Confufos reddunt crepitus, et fibila mifcent. 
 Sternitur omne folum pereuntibus ,• undique cxfx 
 Apparent turma:, civilis crimina belli. 
 
 Sed poftquam inilinus pugnce deferbuit arftus, 
 Exuerintcjue truces animos, jam Marte fugato, 
 Diverfas repetunt artes, curafque priores. 
 Nee raro prifci heroes, quos pagina iacra 
 Suggerit, atque olim peperit felicior xtas. 
 Hie parva redeunt ipecie. Cano ordine cernas 
 Antiques prodire, agmen venerabile, Patres. 
 Rugis fulcantur vultus, prolixaque barbx 
 Canities mento pcndet : fic tarda feneftus 
 TiTHONUM minuit, cum moles tota cicadam 
 Induit, in 2;racilem fenfim colleda fi2;uram. 
 
 Nunc tamen unde genus ducat, qux dextra latentes 
 Suppeditet vires, quem pofcat turba moventem, 
 Expediam. Truncos opifex et inutile lignum 
 Cogit in humanis Ipecies, et robore natam 
 Progen.'em tele efFcrmat, nexuque tenaci 
 
 Crura
 
 P O E M A T A. 425 
 
 • 
 
 Crura ligat pcdibus, humerifque accommodat armos, 
 Et memhris membra aptat, et artubus infuit arms. 
 Tunc habiles addit trochleas, quibus arte pufdlum 
 Verfat onus, molique manu famulatus inerti 
 Sufficit occultos motus, voccmque miniftrat. 
 His fl:rud:a auxiliis jam machina tota peritos 
 Oflendit fulcos, duri et veftigia ferri : 
 Hinc falit, atque agili fe fublevat incita motu, 
 Vocefque emittit tenues, et non fua verba. 
 
 Ad Infignifllmum Virum 
 
 J 
 
 D. THO. BURNETTUM, 
 
 Sacrx Theorise Telluris Autorem. 
 
 No N ufitatum carminis alitem, 
 B u R N E T T F, pofcis, Hon huiiiilcs modos : 
 Vulgare plectrum, languidasque 
 Refpuis officium camoenx. 
 Tu mixta, rerum femina confcius, 
 Molemque cernis difTociabilem, 
 
 Terramque concretam, et latcntcm 
 Qceanum grcmio capaci : 
 Dum veritatem quxrere pcitinax 
 Ignota pandis, follicitus parum 
 
 Vol. I. I i i Utcunquc
 
 42<5 
 
 P O E M A T A, 
 
 Utcunque ftet commune vulgi 
 Arbitrium et popularis error. 
 Auditur ingens continuo fragor, 
 Illapfa tellus lubrica deferit 
 
 Fundamina, et compage frada 
 Suppofitas gravis urget undas. 
 Impulfus erumpit mcdius liquor, 
 Terras aquarum effufa licentia 
 Claudit viciflim j ha,s inter orbis 
 Relliquiae fluitant prioris. 
 Nunc et reclufo carcere lucidam 
 Balaena fpedat folis imaginem, 
 Stellafque miratur natantes, 
 Et tremul^ fimulacra lunse. 
 Qu?e pompa vocum non imitabilis! 
 Qualis calefcit Ipiritus ingeni ! 
 Ut tollis undas ! ut frementem 
 Diluvii reprimis tumultum? 
 Quis tarn valenti pedore ferreus 
 Ut non tremifcens et timido pede 
 Incedat, orbis dum dolofi 
 Deregis inllabiles ruinas ? 
 Quin base cadentum fragmina montium 
 Natura vultum fumere fimplicem 
 Coget refingens, in priorem 
 Mox i':erum reditura formam. 
 Nimbis rubentem Hilphureis Jovem 
 Cernas j ut udis faevit atrox liyems 
 Incendiis, commune mundo 
 
 Et populis meditata buftum? 
 
 Nudus
 
 P O E M A T A. 427 
 
 Nudus liqucntes plorat Athos nives, 
 Et mox liquefcens ipfe adamantinum 
 Fundit cacumen, dum per imas 
 Saxa fluunt refoluta valles. 
 Jamque alta coeli moenia corruunt, 
 Et veftra tandem pagina (proh nefas !) 
 Burnett E, veftra augebit ignes, 
 Heu focio peritura mundo. 
 Mox ajqua tellus, mox fubitus viror 
 Ubique rident: En teretem globum! 
 En Ixta vernantis Favoni 
 
 Flamina, perpetuofque flores ! 
 O pectus ingens ! O animum gravem, 
 Mundi capacem! fi bonus auguror, 
 Te, noftra quo tellus liiperbit, 
 Accipiet renovata civem. 
 
 1112 D I A-
 
 DIALOGUES 
 
 UPON THE 
 
 USEFULNESS 
 
 O F 
 
 AN CIENT MEDALS. 
 
 Efpecially in relation to the 
 
 Latin and Greek Toets. 
 
 -qnoniam hac Ratio flerumqne videtur 
 
 Trijlior effe, quibus ndn eft tra^fata^ retroque 
 
 Valgus abhorret ab hac: volu't tibl ftiaviloqucnti 
 
 Carmine Tierio rationem ex f otter e noftraWy 
 
 Et qnajt mufao dulci coittingere melle^ 
 
 Si tibi forte animum tali ratione tenerem. Lucretius. 
 
 Printed in the Year MDCC XXL
 
 [ 431 ] 
 
 VERSES 
 
 OCCASIONED BY 
 
 Mr. ADDISON'S Treatife of 
 
 MEDAL S 
 
 SRR the wild wafie of all-devour'mg yean / 
 How Rome her own fad fepulchre appears : 
 Wtth nodding arches, broken temples fpread I 
 TToe very tombs now vamfh'd like their dead/ 
 Some felt the fdeni firoke of mould' ring age-y 
 Some, hofide fury ,• fome, religious rage ' 
 Barbarian blindnefs, Chrifltan zeal confpire j 
 And Papal piety y and Gothick fire. 
 Perhaps by its own ruins fav" d from flame , 
 Some bury^d marble half preferves a Name ; ' 
 
 That Name^ the learn' d with fierce difputes purfue, 
 And gwe to Titus old Vefpafian'5 due. 
 
 Ambition figh'd. She found it vain to trufl 
 The faithlefs Column , and the crumbling Bufi -^ 
 
 Huge
 
 L 452 ] 
 
 Hme Moles whofe JJoadow ft retch' d from Poore to Jhore^ 
 Tloe'ir rums perijlfd, mid their place no more ! 
 Convinced ^ (he now contracts her vafi dejign j 
 And all her triumphs fhr'mk into a Coin. 
 A narrow orh each crowded conquefi keeps j 
 Beneath her Palm here fad ]udx3. weeps; 
 Nozvfcantier limits the proud Arch confine ^ 
 Andfcarce are feen the proftrate Nile and Rliine : 
 Afmall Euphrates thro" the piece is roll'd; 
 And little Eagles wave their wings in Gold. 
 
 The Medal, faithful to its charge of fame, 
 Thrd' climes and ages bears each form and name : 
 In one Jhort view, fuhjeHed to our eye, 
 Gods, Emptors, Heroes, Sages, Beauties l<ye. 
 With Jharpen" d fight pale Antiquaries pore, 
 Th" Infcription value, but the Rufi adore : 
 This, the Blue vernijlj, that, the Green endears, 
 Tloe f acred Rufl of twice ten hundred ^ears. 
 To gain Pefcennius one employs his fchemes ; 
 One grafps a Cecrops in ecftatic dreams : 
 Poor Vadius, long with learned fpleen devour'd. 
 Can tafte no pleafure fince his Shield was fcour'd -, 
 And Curio, reftlefs by the fair one'' s fide. 
 Sighs for an Otho, and negleBs his Bride. 
 
 Theirs is the Vanity, the Learning thine. 
 Touched by thy hand, again Rome'^ glories Jlme : 
 Her Gods, and godlike Heroes rife to view. 
 And all her faded garlands bloom anew. 
 Nor blujh, thefe ftudtes thy regard engage ; 
 Thefe pleas' d the Fathers of poetic rage ; 
 
 The
 
 [ 433 ] ' 
 
 The Verfe and Sculpture bore an equal party 
 And Art rejleBed imager to Art. 
 
 Oh when /ball Britain, confaous of her claims 
 Stand emulous of Greek and Roman fame 7 
 In living Medals fee her wars enroll' d^ 
 And vanqutjh'd realms fuppl'y recording Gold! 
 Here, riftng hold, the Patrtofs honeft face j 
 There Warriors frowning in hiftoric brafs. 
 Then future ages with delight fhall fee. 
 How PlatoV, Bacon'5, Newton'^ looks agree: 
 Or in fair feries laurel' d Bards be Jhown^ 
 A Virgil there, and here an Addifbn. 
 Thenjhall Thy Craggs (and let me call him Mine) 
 On the caft Ore, another Pollio, floine ; 
 With afpeB open fhall ereEi his head. 
 And round the Orb in lajiing notes be read. 
 
 Statefman, yet friend to Truth ! in foulfmcerCy 
 In aBion faithful, and in honour clear j 
 Who broke no promife, ferv'd no private end. 
 Who gained no title, and who lofl no friend. 
 Ennobled by Himfelf by all approved. 
 And prais'd, unenvy'd, by the Mufe he lov'd. 
 
 <( 
 << 
 <c 
 <c 
 
 A. Pope. 
 
 Vol. I. Kkk D I A=
 
 upon the Ufefulnefs ^/Ancient Medals. 
 
 DIALOGUE I. 
 
 TNTHIOf Eugenius and Thilander had retired 
 together from the town to a country village, 
 that lies upon the Thames. Their defign was 
 to pafs away the heats of the Summer among the 
 frefli breezes, that rife from the river, and the 
 agreeable mixture of fliades and fountains, in 
 which the whole country naturally abounds. 
 They were all three very well vcrfed in the po- 
 liter parts of learning, and had travelled into the 
 moft refined nations of Europe: fo that they 
 were capable of entertaining themfelves on a thoufand different fubjefts 
 without running into the common topics of defaming publick parties, or 
 ^ Kkk2 pai-ticuUr
 
 436 DiALooiJES Upon the Vfefulnefs 
 
 particular perfons. As they were intimate friends they took the free- 
 dom to iiifent from one another in difcourfe,' or upon occafion to fpeak 
 a Latit fentence without fearing the imputation of pedantry or ill- 
 breediig. 
 
 Tley were one evening taking a walk together in the fields when their 
 difcourfe accidentally fell upon feveral unprofitable parts of learning. It 
 WIS Cynthio's humour to run down every thing that was rather for often- 
 tttion than ufe. He was ftill preferring good fenfe to arts and fciences. 
 And often took a pleafure to appear ignorant, that he might the better 
 turn to ridicule thofe that valued themfelves on their books and fludies, 
 though at the fame time one might very well fee that he could not have 
 attacked many parts of learning fo fuccefsfully, had not he borrowed his 
 aiiiftances from them. After having rally'd a fet or two of Virtuofo's^ 
 he fell upon the Medallifts. 
 
 Thefe gentlemen, fays he, value themfelves upon being critics in 
 Ruft, and will undertake to tell you the different ages of it, by its co- 
 lour. They are pofFefiTed with a kind of learned avarice, and are for get- 
 ting together hoards of fuch mony only as was current among the Greeks 
 and Latins. There are feveral of them that are better acquainted with 
 the faces of the Antoninesy than of the Stuarts^ and would rather chufe 
 to count out a fum in Seflerces, than in pounds flerling. I have heard of . 
 one in Italy that ufed to fwear by the head of Otho. Nothing can be 
 pleafanter than to fee a circle of thefe Virtuofd's about ^ cabinet pf Me- 
 dals, defcanting upon the value, rarity and authenticalnefs of the feveral 
 pieces that He before them. One takes up a coin of gold, and after hav- 
 ing well weighed the figures and infcription, tells you very gravely, if 
 it were Brafs, it would be invaluable. Another falls a ringing a Tefcen- 
 n'lus Niger, and judicioufly diflinguifhes the found of it to be modern. 
 A third defires you to obferve well the Toga on fuch a reverfe, and ask^ 
 you whether you can in confcience believe the lleeve of it to be of the 
 true Roman cut. 
 
 I mull confefs, fays Thilander, the knowledge of Medals has mofl of 
 thofe difadvantages that can render a fcience ridiculous, to fuch as are not 
 well verfed in it. Nothing is more eafy than to reprefent as impertinen- 
 cies any parts of learning that have no immediate relation to the happi- 
 nefs or convenience of mankind. When a man fpends his whole life a- 
 mong the Stars and Planets, or lays out a twelve-month on the ■ fpots in 
 the Sun, however noble his fpeculations may be, they are very apt to fall 
 into burlefque. But it is flill more natural to laugh at fuch fludies as are 
 employed on low and vulgar objeds. What curious obfervations have 
 
 been
 
 of Ancient Medals. 437 
 
 been made on Spiders, Lobilers, and Cockle-fliells ? yet the very naming 
 of them is almoil fufficient to turn them into raillery. It is no wonder 
 therefore that the fcience of Medals, which is charged with fo many un- 
 conccrning parts of knowledge, and built on fuch mean materials, lliould 
 appear ridiculous to thofe that have not taken the pains to examine it. 
 
 Eugen'tus was very attentive to what Th'ilander faid on the fubjed of 
 Medals. He was one that endeavoured rather to be agreeable than Ihi- 
 ning in converfation, for which reafon he was more beloved, though not 
 fo much admired as Cynthio, I mull confefs, £ays he, I find my felf ve- 
 ry much inclined to fpeak againfl a fort of fludy that I know nothing of. 
 I have however one ftrong prejudice in favour of it, that Thilander 
 has thought it worth his while to employ fome time upon it. I am 
 glad then, fays Cynthio^ that I have thrown him on a fcience of which I 
 have long wiflied to hear the Ufefulnefs. There, fays Thilander, you 
 muft excufe me. At prefent you do not know but it may have its ufeful- 
 nefs. But fhould I endeavour to convince you of it, I might fail in my 
 attempt, and fo render my fcience Hill more contemptible. On the con- 
 trary, fays Cynthioy we are already fo perfwaded of the unprofitablenel^ 
 of your fcience, that you can but leave us where you find us, but if you 
 fucceed you increafe the number of your party. Well, fays Thilander^ 
 in hopes of making two fuch confiderable profelytes, I am very well con- 
 tent to talk away an evening with you on the fubjeft; but on this condi- 
 tion, that you will communicate your thoughts to me freely when you 
 dHTent from me or have any diflBculties that you think me capable of re- 
 moving. To make ufe of the liberty you give us, fays Eugeniusy I mull 
 tell you what I believe furprizes all beginners as well as my felf. We 
 are apt to think your Medallifts a little fantaftical in the different prices 
 they fet upon their coins, without any regard to the ancient value or the 
 metal of which they are compofed. A filver Medal, for example, ihall 
 be more efteemed than a golden one, and a piece of brafs than either. 
 To anfwer you, fays Thilander^ in the language of a Medallill, you are 
 not to look upon a cabinet of Medals as a treafure of mony, but of know- 
 ledge, nor muil you fancy any charms in gold, but in the figures and infcrip- 
 tions that adorn it. The intrinfic value of an old coin does not confifl 
 in its metal but its erudition. It is the Device that has raifed the fpecies, 
 fo that at prefent an j^s or an Obolus may carry a higher price than a T)e- 
 narius or a 'Drachma ; and a piece of mony that was not worth a peny 
 fifteen hundred years ago, may be now rated at fifty crowns, or perhaps 
 a hundred guineas. I find, lays Cynthio, that to have a relilh for anci- 
 ent
 
 438 Dialogues upon the UJefulnefs 
 
 ent coins it is neceflary to have a contempt of the modern. But I am 
 afraid you will never be able with all your Medallic eloquence, to perfwadc 
 Eugenius and my felf that it is better to have a pocket full oiOtho'szxA 
 Gordians\\\m. oi Jacobus's or Louis d' or s. This however we fliall be 
 judges of, when you have let us know the feveral ufes of old coins. 
 
 The firft and moll obvious one, fays Thilander^ is the Ihewing us the 
 Faces of all the great perfons of antiquity. A cabinet of Medals is a col- 
 leftion of piftures in miniature, "jitvenal calls them very humoroufly, 
 
 Concifum argent urn in titulos, faciefque mintitas. Sat. 5*. 
 
 You here fee the Alexanders^ Cafars, Tompe^ys^ Trajans^ and the whole 
 catalogue of Heroes ; who have many of them fo diitinguifhed themfelves 
 from the rell of mankind that we almofl look upon them as another 
 fpecies. It is an agreeable amufement to compare in our own thoughts the 
 face of a great Man with the charader that authors have given us of him, 
 and to try if we can find out in his looks and features either the haughty, 
 cruel, or merciful temper that difcovers it felf in the hiltory of his afti- 
 ons. We find too on Medals the reprefentations of Ladies that have given 
 occafion to whole volumes on the account only of a face. We have here 
 the pleafure to examine their looks and drefles, and to furvey at leifure 
 thofe beauties that have fometimes been the happincfs or mifery of whole 
 kingdoms: Nor do you only meet the faces of fuch as are famous in hi- 
 llory, but of feveral whofe Names are not to be found any where except 
 on Medals. Some of the Emperors, for example, have had Wives, and 
 fome of them Children, that no authors have mentioned. We are there- 
 fore obliged to the ftudy of coins for having made new difcoveries to the 
 learned, and given them information of fuch perfons as are to be met 
 with on no other kind of records. You mull give me leave, fays Cynthia, 
 to rejeft this laft ufe of Medals. I do not think it worth while to trouble 
 my felf with a perfon's name or face that receives all his reputation from 
 the mint, and would never have been known in the world had there not 
 been fuch things as Medals. A man's memory finds fufficient emplo)'- 
 ment on fuch as have really fignalized themfelves by their great adions, 
 without charging it felf with the names of an infignificant people whofe 
 whole hiftory is written on the edges of an old coin. 
 
 If you are only for fuch perfons as have made a noife in the world, fays 
 Thilander, you have on Medals a longlill of heathen Deities, diilinguiljied 
 from each other by their proper titles and ornaments. You fee 
 the copies of feveral ftatues that have had the politelt nations of the 
 
 world
 
 of Ancient Medals. 439 
 
 world tall down before them. You have here too feveral perfons of a 
 more thin and fhadowy nature, as Hope, Conltancy, Fidelity, Abun- 
 dance, Honour, Virtue, Eternity, Juftice, Moderation, Happinefs, and 
 in (hort a whole creation of the like imaginary fubitances. To thefe 
 you may add the Genies of nations, provinces, cities, high-ways, and 
 the like Allegorical Beings. In devices of this nature one Tees a pretty 
 poetical invention, and may often find as much thouglit on the reverfe of 
 a Medal as in a Canto of Sfenfer. Not to interrupt you, fays Eugenius, 
 \ fancy it is this ufe of Medals that has recommended them to fe- 
 veral hillory-painters, who perhaps without this affiftance would have 
 found it very difficult to have invented fuch an airy fpecies of beings* 
 when they are obliged to put a moral virtue into colours, or to find out 
 a proper drefs for a paffion. It is doubtlefs for this reafon, fays Tbilan- 
 der, that Painters have not a little contributed to bring the ftudy of Me- 
 dals in vogue. For not to mention feveral others, Caraccio is faid to 
 have afliflcd Aretine by defigns that he took from the Sp'mtria of Tibe- 
 rius. Raphael had throughly ftudied the figures on old Coins. Tatm 
 tells us that Le Brun had done the fame. And it is well known that 
 Rubens had a noble coUedtion of Medals in his own pofleflion. But I 
 mufl not quit this head before I tell you, that you fee on Medals not only 
 the names and perfons of Emperors, Kings, Confuls, Pro-confuls, Prae- 
 tors, and the like chara(Sers of importance, but of fome of the Poets, 
 and of feveral who had won the prices at the Olympick games. It was 
 a noble time, fays Cyntbio, when Trips and Cornijh hugs could make a 
 man immortal. How many Heroes would Moor-jields have furnilhcd 
 out in the days of old ? A fellow that can now only win a hat or a belt, 
 had he lived among the Greeks^ might have had his face ftampt upon their 
 Coins. But thefe were the \vife ancients, who had more efteem 'for a 
 Milo than a Homer, and heapt up greater Honours on Pindar's Jockies, 
 than on the Poet himfelf. But by this time I fuppofe you have drawn 
 up all your medallic people, and indeed they make a much more formi- 
 dable body than I could have imagined. You have fliewn us all conditi- 
 ons, fexes and ages, emperors and empreflcs, men and children, gods 
 and wrefllers. Nay you have conjured up perfons that exilt no where elfe 
 but on old Coins, and have made our Pallions and X'irtues and Vices vi- 
 fible. I could never have thought that a cabinet of Medals had been lb 
 v/ell peopled. But in the next place, fays Thilander, as we fee on coins 
 the different Faces of perfons, we fee on them too their difllrcnt Habits 
 and DreiTeSj according to the mode that prevailed in the feveral ages 
 
 when
 
 440 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 when the Medals were flampt. This is another ufe, fays Cynthio, that in 
 my opinion contributes rather to make a man learned than wife, and is 
 neither capable of pleafmg the underflanding or imagination. I know- 
 there are feveral fupercilious Critics that will treat an author with the grea- 
 teft contempt imaginable, if he fancies the o\A Romans ^noxq a girdle, and 
 are- amazed at a man's ignorance, who believes the Toga had any Sleevas 
 to it till the declenfion of the Roman Empire. Now I would fain know 
 the great importance of this kind of learning, and why it Ihould not be 
 as noble a task to write upon a Bib and hanging-fleeves, as on the Bulla, 
 and Tratexta. The reafon is, that we are familiar with the names of 
 the one, and meet with the other no where but in learned authors. An 
 Antiquary will fcorn to mention a pinner or a night-rail, a petticoat or a 
 manteau ; but will talk as gravely as a father of the church on the Vitta 
 and Teplus, the Scola and Injiita. How would an old Roman laugh, 
 were it poffible for him .to fee the folemn differtations that have been 
 made on thefe weighty fubjefts. To fet them in their natural hght, let 
 us fancy, if you pleafe, that about a thoufand years hence, fome profound 
 author Ihall write a learned treatife on the Habits of the prefent age, di- 
 llinguifhed into the following Titles and Chapters. 
 
 Of the old Britifli Trowfer. 
 
 Of the Ruff and Collar-band. 
 
 The opinion of feveral learned men concerning the ufe of the Shoulder' 
 
 knot. 
 Such a one miflaken in his account of the Surtout, &c. 
 
 I mufl: confefs, fays Eugenius interrupting him, the knowledge of thefe 
 affairs is in it felf very little improving, but as it is impoifible without it 
 to underftand feveral parts of your ancient authors, it certainly hath 
 its ufe. It is pity indeed there is not a nearer way of coming at it. I 
 have fometimes fancied it would not be an impertinent delign to make a 
 kind of an old P.oman wardrobe, where you (hould fee Togas and Tuni- 
 ca's, the Chlamys ^d Trabea, and in fliort all the different veils and or- 
 naments that are fo often mentioned in the Greek and Roman authors. 
 By this means a man would comprehend better and remember much 
 longer the fhape of an ancient garment, than he poffibly can from the 
 help of tedious quotations and delcriptions. The defign, lays ThilanJer, 
 might be very ufeful, but after what models would you work ? Sigonius^ 
 for example, will tell you that the Vejlis Trabeata was of fuch a particu- 
 lar fafliion, Scaliger is for another, and 'Dacier thinks them both in the 
 
 wrong.
 
 of Ancient Medals. 4^1 
 
 wrong. Thefe are, fajs Cynthio^ I fuppofe the names of three Rowan 
 taylors : for is it pollible men of learning can have any difputes of this 
 nature ? May not we as well believe that hereafter the whole learned 
 world will be divided upon the make of a modern pair of breeches ? 
 And yet, fays Eugeniusy the Critics have fiillen as foul upon each other 
 for matters of the fame moment. But as to this point, where the Make 
 of the garment is controverted, let them, if they can find cloth enough, 
 work after all the molt probable faihions. To enlarge the dellgn, 1 
 would have another room for the old Roman inftruments of war, where 
 you might fee the T'lhim and the iliield, the eagles, enfigns, helmets, bat- 
 tering-rams and trophies, in a word, all the ancient miUtary furniture in 
 the fame manner as it might have been in an Arfenal of old Rome. A 
 third apartment fhould be a kind of Sacrillie for altars, idols, facrificiug 
 inftruments, and other religious utenfils. Not to be tedious, one might 
 make a magazirie fbi* all forts of antiquities, that would fhow a man in 
 an afternoon more than he could learn out of books in a twelve- month. 
 This would cut ihort the whole ftudy of antiquities, and perhaps be 
 much more ufeful to Univerfities than thofe colledions .of Whale- bone 
 and Crocodile-skins in which they commonly abound. You will find it 
 very difficult, fays Cynthioy to perfuade thofe focieties of learned men to 
 fall in with your projetl. They will tell you that things of thfs impor- 
 tance muft not be taken on truil ; you ought to learn them among the 
 Clallic Authors and at the fountain-head. Pray confider what a figure a 
 man would make in the republick of letters, iliould he appeal to your 
 Univerfity-wardrobe, when they expeft a fentcnce out of the Re Vejiia- 
 r'la ? or how do you think a man that has read Vegetius will relilh } our 
 Roman Arfenal ? In the mean time, fays Thilander, you find on Medals 
 every thing that you could meet with in your magazine of antiquities, 
 and when you have built your arfenals, wardrobes, and facriities, it is 
 from Medals that you mufl fetch their furniture. It is here too that you 
 fee the figures of feveral inftruments of mufick, mathematics and me- 
 chaniiis. One might make an entire gaily out of the plans that are to be 
 inet with on the reverfes of feveral old Coins. Nor are they only charged 
 with Things but with many ancient Cuftoms, as facrifices, triumphf, 
 (iongjaries, allocutions, decurfions, leftiiterniums, and a thoufand other 
 antiquated names and ceremonies that we fhould not have had fo jult a 
 'notion ofj were they not ftill preferved on Coins. I might add under 
 this head of antiquities that we find on Medals the manner of fpelling 
 in the old Roman infcriptions. That is, fays CjnthiOy we find that Fe- 
 
 Vo L. I. L 1 1 ^>
 
 442 Dialogues upon the Ufefuhufs 
 
 lix is never written with an ce dipthongue, and that in Attgujius's days 
 Civis Hood for Civesy with other fecrets in Orthography of the fame 
 importance. 
 
 To come then to a more weighty ufe, fays Thilander., it is certain that 
 Medals give a very great light to hiftory, in confirming fuch paiTages as 
 are true in old Authors, in fettling fuch as are told after different man- 
 ners, and in recording fuch as have been omitted. In this cafe a cabi- 
 net of Medals is a body of hiilory. It was indeed the befl: way in the 
 worjd to perpetuate the memory of great aftions, thus to coin out the 
 life of an Emperor, and to put every great exploit into the mint. It was 
 a kind of Printing, before the art was invented. It is by this means that 
 Monfieur Vatllant has difembroiled a hiflory that was lofl to the world 
 before his time, and out of a fliort colleftion of Medals has given us a 
 chronicle of the Kings of Syria. For this too is an advantage Medals 
 have over books, that they tell their ftory much quicker, and fum up a 
 whole volume in twenty or thirty reverfes. They are indeed the befl 
 epitomes in the wrorld, and let you fee with one cafl of an eye the fub- 
 flance of above a hundred pages. Another ufe of Medals is, that they 
 not only fhew you the aftions of an Emperor, but at the fame time mark 
 out the year in which they were performed. Every exploit has its date 
 fet to it. A feries of an Emperor's Coins is his life digefled into annals. 
 Hiflorians feldom break their relation with a mixture of chronology, nor 
 diftribute the particulars of an Emperor's flory into the feveral years 
 of his reign : or where they do it they often differ in their feveral pe- 
 riods. Here therefore it is much fafer to quote a Medal than an Author, 
 for in this cafe you do not appeal to a Suetonius or a LampriditfSy but .'to 
 the Emperor himfelf, or to the whole body of a Roman Senate. Befides 
 that a Coin is in no danger of having its charafters altered by copiers 
 and tranfcribers. This I mufl confefs, fays Cyntbioy may in fome cafes 
 be of great moment, but confidering the fubjefts on which your chrono- 
 logers are generally employed, I fee but little ufe that rifes from it. For 
 example, what fignifies it to the world whether fuch an Elephant appear- 
 ed in the Amphi- theatre in the fecond or the third year of Tiomitian ? 
 Or what am I the wifer for knowing that Trajan was in the fifth year of 
 his Tribunefhip when he entertained the people with fuch a Horfe-race 
 or Bull-baiting ? Yet it is the fixing of thefe great periods that gives a 
 man the firfl rank in the republic of letters, and recommends him to 
 the world for a perfon of various reading and profound erudition. 
 
 You
 
 of Ancient Medals. 445 
 
 You muft always give your men of great reading leave to fliow their 
 talents on the meanell fubjefts, fays Eugenius ; it is a kind of fliooting 
 at rovers : where a man lets fly his arrow without taking any aim, to fliew 
 his Itrength. But there is one advantage, fays he, turning to Thilan- 
 tiery that feems to me very confiderable, although you Medallills feldom 
 throw it into the account, which is the great help to memory one finds in 
 Medals : for my own part I am very much embarrafled in the names and 
 ranks of the feveral Roman Emperors, and find it difficult to recollect 
 upon occafion the different parts Qf their hiftory : but your Medallills up- 
 on the firft naming of an Emperor will immediately tell you his age, fa- 
 mily and life. To remember where he enters in the fucceffion, they 
 only confider in what part of the cabinet he lies ; and by running over in 
 their thoughts fuch a particular drawer, will give you an account of all 
 the remarkable parts of his reign. 
 
 I thank you, fays Thilander, for helping me to an ufe that perhaps I 
 fhould not have thought on. But there is another of which I am fure 
 you could not but be fenfible when you were at Rome. I mull own to 
 you it furprized me to fee my Ciceroni fo well acquainted with the bulls 
 and flatues of all the great people of antiquity. There was not an Em- 
 peror or Emprefs but he knew by fight, and as he was feldom without 
 Medals in his pocket, he would often fliew us the fame face on an old 
 Coin that we faw in the Statue. He would difcover a Commodus through 
 the difguife of the club and lion's skin, and find out fuch a one to be 
 Livia that was dreffed up like a Ceres. Let a bull be never fo disfi- 
 gured, they have a thoufand marks by which to decipher it. They will 
 know a Zenobia by the fitting of her Diadem, and will diflinguilh the 
 Faufiinds by their different way of tying up their hair. Oh ! Sir, fays 
 Cynthio, they will go a great deal farther, they will give you the name 
 and titles of a Statue that has loft his nofe and ears ; or if there is but 
 half a beard remaining, will tell you at firft fight who was the owner of 
 it. Now I mull confefs to you, I ufed to fancy they impofed upon me 
 an Emperor or E'mprefs at pleafure, rather than appear ignorant. 
 
 All this however is eafily learnt from Medals, fays Thilander, where 
 you may fee likewife the plans of many the moft confiderable buildings of 
 Old Rome. There is an ingenious Gentleman of our own nation extreme- 
 ly well vcrfed in this fiudy. who has a defign of publifliing the whole hi- 
 Itory of Architecture, with its feveral improvements and decays as it is 
 to be met with on ancient Coins. He has affured me that he has obfer- 
 ved all the nicety of proportion in the figures of the different orders that 
 
 L 1 1 1 ■ compofe
 
 444 DiAJ^oGVEs upon the Ufefulmfs 
 
 compofe the buildings onthebeft prefer ved Medals. You here fee the copies 
 of fuch Ports and triumphal Arches as there are not the leaft traces of in 
 the places where they once flood. You have hei-e the models of feveral 
 ancient Temples, though the Temples themfelves, and the Gods that were 
 worfhipped in them, are perifhed many hundred years ago. Or if there 
 are ftill any foundations or ruines of former edifices, you may learn from 
 Coins what was their Architefture when they flood whole and entire. 
 Thefe are buildings which the Goths and Vandals could not demolilh, 
 that are infinitely more durable than flone or marble, and will perhaps 
 laft as long as the earth it felf. They are in fliort fo many real monu- 
 ments of Brafs. 
 
 ^htodnon imber edax iion aqiiilo im^otens 
 *PoJfit diruere, aut inniimeralnlis 
 jinnorum feries^ et fuga temprnm. 
 
 Which eating fhow'rs, nor north wind's feeble blaft. 
 
 Nor whirle of time, nor flight of years can wafle. Mr. Creech, 
 
 This is a noble Panegyric on an old copper Coin, fays Cynthio. But I 
 am afraid a little malicious ruft would demolifh one of your braicn edifi- 
 ces as effeftually as a Goth or Vandal. You would laugh at me, fays 
 Thilander, fliould I make you a learned diflertation on the nature of 
 Rufts. I ihall only tell you there are two or three forts of them which 
 are extremely beautiful in the eye of an Antiquary, and preferve a Coin 
 better than the befl artificial vernifli. As for other kinds, a skilful Me- 
 dallift knows very well how to deal with them. He will recover you a 
 Temple or a triumphal Arch out of its rubbifli, if I may fo call it, and 
 with a few reparations of the graving tool reflore it to its firft fplendour 
 and magnificence. I have known an Emperor quite hid under a cruft of 
 drofs, who after two or three days cleanfing has appeared with all his 
 Titles about him as frefli and beautiful as at his firft coming out of the 
 Mint. I am forry, fays Eugenius^ I did not know this laft ufe of Me- 
 dals when I was at Rome. It might perhaps have given me a greater 
 tafte of its Antiquities, and have fixed in my memory feveral of the ru- 
 ines that I have now forgotten. For my part, fays Cynthio^ I think there 
 are at Rome enow modern works of Architpfture to employ any rea- 
 fonable man. I never could have a tafte for old bricks and rubbilh, nor 
 would trouble my felf about the ruines of Atigujius\ Palace fo long as 
 1 could fee the Vatieaut the Berghefcy and the Farnefe as they now ftand ; 
 
 I
 
 of Ancient Medals. .445: 
 
 I mud own to you at the fame time this is talking Uke an ignorant man. 
 Were I in other company I would perhaps change my ilylc, and tell them 
 that I would rather fee the fragments of Apollo\ Temple than St. 'Peter's. 
 I remember when our Antiquary at Rome had led us a whole day toge- 
 ther from one ruine to another, he at lail brought us to the Rotunda, And 
 this, fays he, is the moll valuable Antiquity in Italy, notwithftanding it 
 is fo entire. 
 The fame kind of fancy, fays Tbilaiider, has formerly gained upon fe- 
 -veral of your Medallifls, who were for hoording up fuch pieces of mo- 
 ney only as had been half confumed by time or ruft. There were no 
 Coins picafed them more than thofe which had palTed through the hands 
 of an old Reman Clipper. I have read an Author of this tafte that com- 
 pares a ragged Coin to a tattered Colours. But to come again to our 
 fubjeft. As we find on Medals the plans of feveral buildings that are 
 now demoliflied, we fee on them too the Models of many ancient Sta- 
 tues that are now loft. There are feveral Reverfes which are owned 
 to be the reprefentations of antique figures, and I queftion not but there 
 are many others that were formed on the like Models, though at pre- 
 fent they lie under no fufpicion of it. The Hercules Farnefe, the Ve- 
 nus of Medicis, the Apollo in the Belvidera, and the famous Marcus 
 Aureitus on horfe-back, which are perhaps the four moft beautiful Sta- 
 tues extant, make their appearance all of them on ancient Medals, though 
 the figures that reprefent them were never thought to be the copies of 
 ftatuts till the flatues themfelves were difcovered. There is no queftion, 
 I think, but the fame reflexion may extend it felf to antique Pidures : 
 for I doubt not but in the defigns of feveral Greek Medals in particular, 
 one might often fee the hand of an Apelles or Trotogeues^ were we as 
 well acquainted with their works as we are with Titian's or Vandike's. 
 I might here make a much greater ftiow of the ufefulnefs of Medals, if 
 I would take the method of others, and prove to you that all arts and 
 fciences receive a confiderable illuftration from this ftudy. I muft how- 
 ever tell you, that Medals and the Civil Law, as we are afFurcd by thofe 
 who are well read in both, give a confiderable light to each other, and 
 that feveral old Coins are hke fo many maps for explaining of the anti- 
 ent Geography. But befides the more folid parts of learning, there are 
 feveral little intimations to be met with on Medals that are very plcafant 
 to fuch as are converfant in this kind of ftudy. Should I tell you grave- 
 ly, that without the help of Coins we Ihould never have known which 
 was the firft of the Emperors that wore a beard, or rode in ftirrups, I 
 
 might
 
 446 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 might turn my fcience into ridicule. Yet it is certain there are a thou- 
 fand little impertinencies of this nature that are very gratifying to curio- 
 fity, tho' perhaps not very improving to the underftanding. To fee the 
 drefs that fuch an Emprefs delighted to be drawn in, the titles that were 
 moil agreeable to fuch an Emperor, the flatteries -that he lay moil open 
 to, 'the honours that he paid to his children, wives, predecellbrs, friends 
 or collegues, with the like particularities only to be met with on Medals, 
 are certainly not a little pleafmg to that inquifitive temper which is fo na- 
 tural to the mind of man. 
 
 I declare to you, ivj^iCynthio, you have aftoniflied me with the feve- 
 ral parts of knowledge, that you have difcovered on Medals. I could 
 never fancy before this evening, that a Coin could have any nobler ufe 
 in it than to pay a reckoning. 
 
 You have not heard all yet, fays Th'dandert there is fliH an advantage 
 to be drawn from Medals, which I am fure will heighten your elteem fot 
 them. It is indeed an ufe that no body has hitherto dwelt upon. If any 
 of the Antiquaries have touched upon it, they have immediately quitted it, 
 without confidering it in its full latitude, light and extent. Not to keep 
 you in fufpence, I think there is a great affinity between Coins and Poe- 
 try, and that your Medallill and Critic are much nearer related than the 
 world generally imagines, A reverfe often clears up thepaffage of an 
 old poet, as the poet often ferves to unriddle a reverfe. I could be lon- 
 ger on this head, but I fear I have already tired you{ Nay, fays Eiige^ 
 niusy fince you have gone fo far with us, we mufl beg you to finifh your 
 lefture, efpecially fince you are on a fubjed:, that 1 dare promife you will 
 be very agreeable to Cynthioy who is fo profefTed an admirer of the an- 
 cient poets. I muft only warn you, that you do not charge your Coins 
 vdth more ufes than they can bear. It is generally the method of fuch 
 as are in love with any particular fcience to difcover all others in it. Who 
 would imagine, for example, that architetSure lliould comprehend the 
 knowledge of hiflory, ethics, mufic, aftronomy, natural philofophy, phy- 
 fijc and the civil law? Yet Vitrnvius will give yoa his reaibns, fuch as 
 they are, why a good architeft is mailer of thefe feveral arts and fcien- 
 ces. sure, lays Cyyithio^ Martial had never read Vttruvias wiien he 
 threw the Cryer and the Archited into the fame clafs. 
 
 *Duri fi fuer tngeni videtur 
 Traconem facias vtl architeEitim. 
 
 If of dull parts the ilripling you fufpccfl, 
 
 A herald make him, or an architeft. But
 
 of Ancient Medals. 44.7 
 
 Dut to give. you an inftance out of a very celebrated difeourflf on poetry, 
 becaufc we are on that fubjeft, of an author's finding out imaginary beau- 
 ties in his own. art.. I have obfervedy fays he, (fpeaking of the Voffms dt 
 natural propenfion that all men have to numbers and harmony) "T't"^- ^ 
 that my barber has often combed my head in 'DaByls and Spon- 
 deesy that isy with two Jhort ftrokes and a long one, or wtth two long ones 
 fuccejjlvely. Nayy fays he, / have known him fometimes run even into 
 Tyrrhichius's and Anapoeftuss. This you will think perhaps a very cx^ 
 travagant fancy, but I mull own I fliould as foon expeft to find the Tro^ 
 fodia in a Comb as Poetry in a Medal. Before I endeavour to convince 
 you of it, fays Thilandery I mufl confefs to you that this fcience has. its 
 vifionaries as well as all others. There are feveral, for example, that will 
 find a myftery in every tooth of Neptune's trident, and are amazed at the 
 wifdom of the ancients that reprefented a thunder-bolt with three forks, 
 fince, they will tell you, nothing could have better explained its triple 
 quality of piercing, burning and melting. I have feen a long difcourfe 
 on the figure and nature of horn, to lliew it was impoffible to have found 
 out a fitter emblem for plenty than the Cornu-Copia. Thefe are a fort 
 of authors who fcorn to take up with appearances, and fancy an inter- 
 pretation vulgar when it is natural. What could have been more proper 
 to ihew the beauty and friendlhip of the Three Graces, than to repre- 
 fent them naked and knitt together in a kind of dance ? It is thus they 
 always appear in ancient fculpture, whether on Medals or in Marble, as I 
 doubt not but Horace alludes to defigns of this nature, when he defcribes 
 them after the fame manner. 
 
 Gratia 
 
 Junilis nuda fororibus : 
 
 Segnefque nodum folvere Gratitf. 
 
 The Si^QV-Graces hand in hand 
 eonjoin'd by love's eternal band* 
 
 Several of your Medallifts will be here again aflonifhed at the wifdom of 
 the ancients, that knew how to couch fuch excellent precepts of morality 
 under vifible objefts. The nature of Gratitude, they will tell you, is bet- 
 ter illuHrated by this fingle device, than by Senecas whole book de Bene- 
 jiciis. The three Graces teach us three things. I. To remark the doing 
 of a courtefie. II. The return of it from the receiver. III. The obliga- 
 tion of the receiver to acknowledge it. The three Graces are always 
 
 hand
 
 aS Dialogues upon the UJefulnefs 
 
 hand in hand to Ihow us that thefe three duties ihould be never feparated. 
 They are naked, to admonilh us that Gratitude fhould be returned with 
 a free and open heart ; and dancing, to fliew us that no vertue is more ac- 
 kve than Gratitude. May not we here fay with Lucretinsl 
 
 §ua bene ct eximie quanquam difpojia ferantur, 
 Hunt longe tarnen a vera ratione repilfa. 
 
 It is an eafy thing, fays Eugeniusy to find out defigns that never entered 
 into the thoughts of the fculptor or the coiner. I dare fay, the fame 
 Gentlemen who have fixed this piece of moraUty on the three naked 
 Sifters dancing hand in hand, would have found Out as good a one fot 
 them, had there been four of them fitting at a diftance from each other, 
 and covered from head to foot. It is here therefore, fays Tbilander, 
 that the old poets ftep in to the afTiftance of the Medallift, when they give 
 us the fame thought in words as the mafters of the Roman mint have 
 done in figures. A man may fee a metaphor or an allegory in pifture, 
 as well as read them in a defcription. W hen therefore I confront a Me- 
 dal with a Verfe, I only fliew you the fame defign executed by different 
 hands, and appeal from one mafter to another of the fame age and tafte. 
 This is certainly a much furer way than to build on the interpretations 
 of an author who does not confider how the ancients ufed to think, but 
 will be ftill inventing myfteries and applications out of his own fancf. 
 To make my felf more intelligible, I find a fhield ' on the reverfe of an 
 Emperor's Coin, defigned as a complement to him from the fen^tte of 
 Rome. I meet with the fame metaphor in ancient poets to exprefs pfo- 
 teftion or defence. I conclude therefore that this Medal compliments 
 the Emperor in the fame fenfe as the old Ramans did their DiftatOr Fa- 
 hilts when they called him the Buckler of Rome. Put this reverfe now if 
 you pleafe into the hands of a myftical antiquary. He ihall tell you that 
 -the ufe of the fhield being to defend the body from the weapons of an 
 enemy, it very aptly fliadows out to us the refolution or continence of 
 the Emperor, which made him proof to; all the attacks of fortune or pf 
 pleafure. In the next place, the figure of the fliield being round it is an 
 emblem of perfedlion, for Ariftotle hasfaid the round figure is the moft 
 perfed. It may likewife fignify the immortal reputation that the Em- 
 peror has acquired by his great adions, rotundity being an emblem of 
 eternity that has neither beginning nor end. : After this Ldare not an- 
 fvver for the ihield's convexity that it does not cover a myftery, nay there 
 iliall not be the leafl wrinkle or flourifli upon it which will not turn to 
 
 fome
 
 oj Ancient Medals. 449 
 
 fome account. In this cafe therefore * Poetry being in feme refpefts an 
 Alt of deligning as well as Painting or Sculpiure, they may ferve as Com- 
 ments on each other. I am very well fatistied, fays Eugcnius, by what. 
 you have faid on this fubjed, that the Poets may contribute to the expli- 
 cation of fuch reveries as are purely emblematical, or wl>en the perfons. 
 are of that Ihadowy allegorical nature you have before mentioned, but I 
 fuppofe there are many other reverfes that rcprefent things and perfons 
 of a more real exiilence. In this cafe too, fays Thilandery a Poet lets 
 you into the knowledge of a device better than a Profe-writer, as his 
 defcriptions are often more diffufe, his {lory more nnturally circumlhnced, 
 and his language enriched with a greater variety of epithets : So that you 
 often meet with Uttle hints and fuggeflions in a Poet that give a great 
 Uluftration to the cuftoms, aftions, ornaments, and all kinds of Antiqui- 
 ties that are to be met with on ancient Coins. I fancy, fays Cynthio^ 
 there is nothing more ridiculous than an Antiquary's reading the Greek 
 or Latin Poets. He never thinks of the beauty of the thought or lan- 
 guage, but is for fearching into what he calls the Erudition of the Au- 
 thor. He will turn you over all Virgil to find out the figure of an old 
 Rojirunty and has the greatefl efteem imaginable for Horner^ becaufe he 
 has given us the faOiion of a Greek fcepter. It is indeed odd enough to 
 Gonfider how all kinds of Readers find their account in the old Poets. 
 Not only your men of the more refined or folid parts of Learning, but 
 even your Alchymift and Fortune-teller will difcover the fecrets of their 
 art in Homer aad Virgil. This, fays Eugenius^ is a prejudice of a very 
 ancient Handing. Read but 'Plutarch's difcourfe on Homer, and you will 
 fee that the Iliad contains th-e whole circle of arts, and that Thalcs and 
 ^Pythagoras Hole all their philofop|iy out of this Poet's works. One would 
 be amazed to fee what pa?ns he takes to prove that Homer underilood 
 a51 the figures in Rhetoric, before they wei"€ invented. I do not queilion, 
 fays Philander^y were it pollible for Homer to read his praifcs in this Au- 
 thor, but he would be as much furprized as ever 'b,\on^\t\\v Joardain was 
 when he had found he had talked Profe all his life-time vvithout ever 
 knowing what it was. But to finidi the task you have fet me, we may 
 obferve that not only the Virtues, and the Hke imaginary perfons, but all 
 the heathen Divinities appear generally in the fameDrefs among the Poets 
 that they wear in Medals. I mufl: confefs, I believe both the one and thq 
 other took the Mode from the ancient Greek Statuaries. It will not per- 
 haps be an improper tranfition to pafs from the heathen gods to the fe- 
 VoL. I. Mmm vera] 
 
 * Paema eji piilura lojxax.
 
 450 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 veral monflers of antiquity, as Chimarasy Gorgons, Sphinxes^ and many 
 others that make the fame figure in verfe as on coins. It often happens 
 too, that the Poet and the Senate of Rome have both chofen the fame 
 Topic to flatter their Emperor upon, and have fometimes fallen upon 
 the fame thought. It is certain, they both of them lay upon the catch 
 for a great adion : It is no wonder therefore, that they were often en- 
 gaged on one fubjeft, the Medal and the Poem being nothing elfe but 
 occafional compliments to the Empei'or. Nay, I queftion not but you 
 may fometimes find certain paflages among the Poets that relate to the 
 particular device of a Medal. 
 
 I wonder, fays Eugenius^ that your Medallifls have not been as diligent 
 in fearching the Poets as the Hiilorians, fince I find they are fo capable 
 of enlightning their art. I would have fome body put the Mufes under 
 a kind of contribution to furnifh out whatever they have in them that 
 bears any relation to Coins. Though they taught us but the fame things 
 that might be learnt in other \vritings, they would at leaft teach us more 
 agreeably, and draw feveral over to the lludy of Medals that would ra- 
 ther be inllrdfted in verfe than in profe. I am glad, fays Th'tlander, to 
 hear you of this opinion, for to tell you truly, when I was at Rome., I 
 took occafion to buy up many Imperial Medals that have any affinity with 
 pallages of the ancient Poets. So that I have by me a fort of poetical 
 Cafh, which I fancy I could count over to you in Latin and Greek verfe. 
 If you will drink a difli of Tea with me to-morrow morning, I will lay 
 my whole colleftion before you. \ cannot tell, fays Cynthto^ how the 
 Poets will fucceed in the explication of coins, to which they are gene- 
 rally very great ftrangers. We are however obfiged to you for prevent- 
 ing us with the offer of a kindnefs that yon might well imagine we ihould 
 have asked you. 
 
 Our three friends had been fo intent on their difcourfe, that they had 
 rambled very far into the fields without taking notice of it. ^Philander 
 firfl put them in mind, that unlefs they turned back quickly they would 
 endanger being benighted. Their converfation ran infenfibly into other 
 fubjeds, but as I defign only to report fuch parts of it as have any rela- 
 tion to Medals, I fliall leave them to return home as faft as they pleafe, 
 without troubling my felf with their talk on the way thither, or with their 
 ceremonies at parting. 
 
 DIA-
 
 of Ancient Medals. 451 
 
 DIALOGUE II. 
 
 SOME of the fined treatifes of the mod polite Latin and Greek 
 writers are in Dialogue, as many very valued pieces of French^ Ita- 
 lian^ and Englljh appear in the feme drefs." I have fometimes how- 
 ever been very much diftafted at this way of writing, by reafon of the 
 long prefaces and exordiums into which it often betrays an Author. 
 There is fo much time taken Up in ceremony, that before they enter on 
 their fubjeft the Dialogue is half ended. To avoid the fault I have found 
 in others, I fliall not trouble my felf nor my Reader Vvith the firft falutes 
 of our three friends, nor with any part of their difcourfe over the Tea 
 table. We will fuppofe the China diflies taken off, and a Drawer of Me- 
 dals fupplying their room. ThiUnder, who is to be the Heroe in my 
 Dialogue, takes it in his hand, and addreffing himfelf to Cynthio and Eu- 
 genius^ I will firil of all, fays he, fliow you an alTembly of the molt virtu- 
 ous Ladies that you have ever perhaps converfed with. I do not know, 
 fays Cv«^^-''|?> regarding them, what their virtue may be, but methinks 
 they are a little fantaftical in their drefs.- You will find, fays T hi Lander, 
 there is good fenfe in it. They have not a fingie ornament that they 
 cannot give a reafon for. I was going to ask you, fays Eugcnius, in what 
 country you find thefe Ladies. But I fee they are fome of thofe imagi- 
 nary perfons you told us of laft night that inhabit old Coins, and appear 
 no where elfe but on the reverfe of a Medal, Their proper country, fays 
 Thilander^ is the bread of a good man: for I think they are mod of them 
 the figures of Virtues. It is a great compliment methinks to the fex, fays 
 Cynthio, that your Virtues are generally fhown in petticoats. I can give 
 no otiier reafon for it, fays Thilander, but becaufe they chanced to be 
 of the feminine gender in the learned kinguages. You find however fomc- 
 thiog bold and mafculine in the air and podure of the fird figure, which JW 
 is that of Firtue her felf, and agrees very well with the defcription \vc ^' 'S"^^ ^* 
 find of her in Silius Italicus. 
 
 Virtutis difpar habitus, from hirta, nee uuquam 
 Compofitd mutata comd,Jians vnltuSf et ore 
 
 Mmm 2, InceJfH' 
 
 Firfi
 
 452 Dialogues upon the UJefulnefs 
 
 Incejfuque viro propiovt lattque pudorisy 
 
 Celfa burner isy nivea fulgebat jiamlne palla. Sil. It. Li. if. : 
 
 A different form did Virtue weary- 
 Rude from her forehead fell th'unplaited hair. 
 With dauntlefs mien aloft fhe rear'd her head, 
 And next to manly was the virgin's tread ; 
 Her height, her fprightly blufli, the Goddefs fliow. 
 And robes unfullied as the falling fnow. 
 
 Virtue and Honour had their Temples bordering on each other, and are 
 ^'g- 2- fometimes both on the fame coin, as in the following one of Galba. Sir 
 I'lus Italicus makes them companions in the glorious equipage that he 
 gives his Virtue. 
 
 Mecum Honors et LaudeSy et late Gloria vultUy [Virtus loquitur. 
 Et 'Decusy et niveis Victoria cone o lor alts. Ibid. 
 
 "With me the foremoft place let Honour gain, {Virtue freaks, 
 
 Famcy and the Traifes mingling in her train ; 
 Gay Glorj next, and Victory on high. 
 White like my felf, on fnowy wings fhall fly. 
 
 Tu cujus placido pofuere in peBore fedem 
 
 Blandus Honosy hilar ifque {tamen cum pondere) Virtus . Stat. Sil. 1. a. 
 
 The head of Honour is crowned with a Laurel, as Martial has ador- 
 ned his Glorj after the fame manner, which indeed is but another name 
 for the fame perfon. 
 
 Mitte coronatas Gloria mafia comas. 
 
 I 
 
 I find, fays Cynthio, the Latins mean Courage by the figure of Virtue, as 
 well as by the word it felf. Courage was efteemed the greatefl perfe- 
 dion among them, and therefore went under the name of Virtue in ge- 
 neral, as the modern Italians give the fame name on the fame account 
 to the Knowledge of Curiofities. Should a Roman Painter at prefent 
 draw the pifture of Virtue, inftead of the Spear and Paratonium that 
 ihe bears on old coins, he would give her a Buit in one hand and a Fid- 
 dle in the other. 
 Fig 3- 'Y^it next, fays Thilander, is a Lady of a more peaceful charaifier, and 
 had her Temple at Rome. 
 
 ,__=«- Salutato crepitat Concordia nido. 
 
 ^ ^ She
 
 of Ancient Medals. 45^5 
 
 She Is often placed on the reverfe of an Imperial coin to fhow the good 
 underllanding between the Emperor and the Emprefs. She has always 
 a Cornu-cop'ta in her hand, to denote that Plenty is the fruit of Concord. 
 After this lliort account of the Goddefs, I defire you will give me your 
 opinion of the Deity that is defcribed in the following verfes of Seneca 
 who would have her propitious to the marriage of Jafon and Creufa. 
 He mentions her by her qualities, and not by her name. 
 
 . Afperi 
 
 Martis Janguineas qua cohlbet mcmusy 
 
 ^£ dat belligeris feeder a gentibust 
 
 Et cornu retinet divite cofiam. Sen. Med. Ad. r. 
 
 "Who fooths great Mars the warriour God, 
 And checks his arm diflain'd with blood. 
 Who joins in leagues the jarring lands, 
 The horn of Plenty fills her hands. 
 
 The defcriptlon, fays Eugenius, is a copy of the figure we have before 
 us : and for the future, inllead of any further note on this paflage, I would 
 have the reverfe you have fhown us ftamped on the fide of it. The in- 
 terpreters of Seneca, fays Thilander, will underfiand the precedent verfes 
 as a defcription of Venus, though in my opinion there is only the firlt of 
 them that can aptly relate to her, which at the fame time agrees as well 
 with Concord: and that this was a Goddefs who ufed to intereit her felf 
 in marriages, we may fee in the following defcription. 
 
 Jamdudum fojle reclinis, 
 
 ^teriP Hymen thalamis tntaEfum d'lcere carmen, 
 ^0 vat em mulcere queat ; dat Juno verenda 
 Vincula, et injigni geminat Concordia tadd. 
 
 Statii Epithalamion, Silv, li. i. 
 
 Already leaning at the door, too long 
 Sweet Hymen waits to raife the nuptial fong,. 
 Her lacred baiids majefiick Juno lends 
 And Concord with her flaming torch attends. 
 
 *Peace differs as little in her Drefs as in her Charafter from Con cord. '^'^^-'i- 
 You may obferve in both thele figures that the Veil is gathered up before 
 them, like an Apron, which you mull fuppofe filled with fruits as well .as 
 the Cornu-copa. It is to this part of the Drefs that Tibullus alludes.
 
 454 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 At nohhy Tax alma^ vetti, /picami^ue teneto^ 
 'Perfttat et fomis candidus ant} Jlnus. 
 
 Kind Teace appear. 
 And in thy right hand hold the wheaten ear, 
 From thy white kp th' o'erflowing fruits fhall fall. 
 
 Trudentius has given us the fame circumftance in his defcription of Ava- 
 rice. 
 
 = Avariita gremio ^racindia capdc't. Prud. Pfychomachia. 
 
 How proper the emblems of Plenty are to Peace, may be feen in the 
 fame Poet. 
 
 Inter ea Tax arva cdlat. Tax Candida primum 
 
 'Duxit aratnros fubjuga curva boves ; 
 Tax alu'it vitesy et fuccos condidit uva, 
 
 Funderet lit nato tejia paterna merum : 
 Tace bidens vomerqne vigent. '■ Tibul. El. lo. Lib. x. 
 
 She firft. White Teace, the earth with plough- fhares broke, 
 
 And bent the oxen to the crooked yoke, 
 
 Firft rear'd the vine, and hoarded firft with care 
 
 The father's vintage for his drunken heir. 
 
 The OHve-brartch in her hand is frequently touched upon in the old Poets 
 as a token of Peace. 
 
 Tace orare manu Virg. vEn. lo. 
 
 Jngred'ttuVy ramumque tenens fopilaris Oliv£. Ov. Met. lib. 7. 
 
 In his right hand an Olive-branch he holds. 
 
 fur or em 
 
 Indomitum duramque viri defieBere mentem 
 ■ Tac'ifico fermone farant^ hojlemque fro^hiquum 
 
 Or ant Cecropa fralatd fronde Minerva. Luc. lib. 3. 
 
 -- — To move his haughty foul they trye 
 
 Intreaties, and perfwafion foft apply ; 
 
 Their brows Minerva s peaceful branches wear. 
 
 And thus in gentleft terms they greet his ear. Mr. Rowc. 
 
 Which by the way one would think had been fpoken rather of an Attila, 
 or a Maximiny than Julius Cafar. ^ou
 
 of Ancient Medals. 455 
 
 You fee Abundance or Tlenty makes the fame figure in Medals as in F'g' f- 
 Horace. 
 
 'tibi Co^ia 
 
 Manabit ad plenum bentgno 
 
 Ruris honor um opulent a cornu. Hor. Lib. i. Od. 17. 
 
 ■ Here to thee fliall Plenty flow 
 
 And all her riches fhow, 
 To raife the honour of the quiet plain. Mr, Creech. 
 
 The Compliment on this reverfe to Gordianus Tius is exprefTed in the 
 fame manner as that of Horace to Augufius. 
 
 Aurea frnges 
 
 Italiam plena d'tffudit Copia cornu. Hor. Epift. ii. Lib. i. 
 
 Golden Tlenty with a bounteous hand 
 
 Rich harvells freely fcatters o'er our land. Mr. Creech. 
 
 But to return again to our Virtues. You have here the pidure of Fi^ Fig. 6. 
 delityy who was worihiped as a Goddefs among the Romans. 
 
 Situ oblitus es at T)tj meminerunt., meminit FiAes. Catul. ad Alphen, 
 
 I fhould fancy from the following verfes of Virgil and Silius Italicusy 
 that flie was reprefented under the figure of an old woman. 
 
 Cana Fides^ et Vejia, Remo cum fratre ^irintts 
 
 Jura dabunt Virg. M.r\. Lib. i. 
 
 Then banifh'd Faith ihtll once again return, 
 
 And Vtftal fires in hallow'd temples burn, 
 
 And Remus with ^irinus fhall fullain 
 
 The righteous laws, and fraud and force reflrain. Mi T>r\dea. 
 
 ad limina fanBa 
 
 Tendebat Fidei, fecretaque pe^ora tent at, 
 
 Arcmts dea latay polo turn forte remoto 
 
 Caelicolum magnas volvebat confcia curas. 
 
 Ante Jovem generata^ decus divumque hommumquey 
 
 ^id fine non tellus pacem, non aquora nortint, 
 
 Jufiitia confors Sil. It. Lib. z. 
 
 He to the f^rines of Faith his fleps addreft. 
 She, pleas'd with fecrets rowUag in her breafl. 
 
 Far
 
 40 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Far from the world remote, revolv'd on high 
 
 The cares of gods, and counfels of the sky. , , 
 
 E'er Jove was born fhe grac'd the bright abodes, 
 
 Confort of Jnjlice^ boaft of men and gods ; 
 
 Without whofe heavenly aid no peace below 
 
 The fledfaft earth, and rowling ocean know. 
 
 Fig. 7. There is a Medal q>{ Hello gab alus infcrib'd Fides Exercitus, that 
 rec-eives a great light from the preceding verfes. She is polled between 
 two military Enfigns, for the good quality that the Poet afcribes to her 
 of preferving the public peace, by keeping the Army true to its Allegi- 
 ance. 
 
 I fancy, fays Eugenius, as you have difcovered the Age of this imagi- 
 nary Lady, fram the defcription that the Poets have made of her, you 
 may find too the colour of the Drapery that Ihe wore in the old Roman 
 paintings, from that Verfe in Horace^ 
 
 Te Spes et albo rara Fides colit 
 
 Velata fanno ■ Hor. Od. 35-, Lib. i. 
 
 Sure Hope^ and Friendjhip cloath'd in White, 
 
 Attend on thee. — — Mr. Creech. 
 
 One would think, fays 'Philander^ by this verfe, that Hope and Fidelity 
 hath both the fame kind of Drefs. It is certain Hope might have a 
 fair pretence to White, in allufion to thofe that were Candidates for an 
 employ. 
 
 — quern ducit hiantem 
 
 Cretata ambitio Perf. Sat. y. 
 
 And how properly the Epithet of Rara agrees with her, you may fee in 
 Fig. S. the tranfparency of the next figure. She is here drefled in fuch a kind 
 of Veil as the Latins .call a Mnlticium from the finenefs of its TilTue. 
 Your Roman Beaus had their fummer to.ga of fuch a light airy make. 
 
 ^lem tenues decuere t-dga nitidique capilli. Hor. Ep. 14. Lib. i. 
 
 I that lov'd 
 
 Curl'd powder'd locks, a fine and gawdy gown. Mr. Creech. 
 
 I remember, fays Cynthio, Juvenal raWys Creticus, that was otherwife a 
 ibrave rough fellow, very handfomely, on this kind of garment. 
 
 .wa. '^-- '^ ' fed
 
 of Ancient Medals. 457 
 
 fed quid 
 
 Non facient al'tj cum tu multitia fumasy 
 Cretice ? et banc vejiem populo miraute ferores 
 
 In Troculas et Tollineas. Juv. Sat t. 
 
 yicer et indomitus Libertatifque magiftery 
 
 Cret'tcey felluces Ibid. 
 
 Nor, vain Metellus, fliall 
 
 From Rome's, Tribunal thy harangues prevail 
 'Gainll harlotry, while thou art clad lb thin, 
 That thro' thy Cobweb-robe we fee thy skin, 
 
 As thou declaim'ft Mr. Tate. 
 
 Can'lt thou reftore old manners, or retrench 
 
 Rome\ pride, who com'ft tranfparent to the Bench ? Idem. 
 
 But pray what is the meaning that this tranfparent Lady holds up her 
 train in her left hand ? for I find your women on Medals do nothing with- 
 out a meaning. Befides, I fuppofe there is a moral precept at leall couch'd 
 under the figure Ihe holds in her other hand. She draws back her gar- 
 ment, fays Thilander, that it may not incumber her in her march. For 
 fhe is always drawn in a polture of walking, it being as natural for Ho£e 
 to prefs forward to her proper objefts, as for Fear to fly from them. 
 
 1)t canis in vacuo leporem cum Gallicus arvo 
 Vid'ity et hie pradam pedibtis petit y ille falutem : 
 Alter in-hafuro Jimilisy jam jamque teucre 
 Speraty et extento Jlringit vejtigia rojiro ; 
 Alter in ambiguo eft an fit compretifusy et ipfs 
 Morfibus eripitury tangent iaque ora relinquit : 
 Sic dens et virgo eft : hie fpe celery ilia timore. 
 
 De Apol. et Daph. Ov. Met. Lib. i. 
 
 As when th' impatient Greyhound flipt from far. 
 Bounds o'er the glebe to catch the fearful Hare, 
 She in her fpeed does all her fafety lay : 
 And he with double fpeed purfues the prey ; 
 O'er-runs her at the fitting turn, and licks 
 His chaps in vain, and blows upon the ilix: 
 She 'fcapes, and for the neighb'ring covert flrives. 
 
 And gaining Ihelter doubts if yet Ihe lives : 
 
 Such was the god, and fuch the flying fiir, 
 Vol. I. N n n She,
 
 458 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Slie, urg'd by Fear, her feet did fwiftly move. 
 
 But he more fwiftly, who was urg'd by Love, Mr. Tiryden. 
 
 This beautiful fimilitude is, I think, the prettieft emblem in the world 
 of Ho^e and Fear in extremity. A flower or blofTome that you fee in 
 the right hand is a proper ornament for Ho^Cy fmce they are thefe that 
 we term in poetical language the Hopes of the year. 
 
 Vere novo, tunc herba nitens, et robor'is expers 
 
 Turget et mfolida ejl, et Spe dele if at agrejles. 
 
 Omnia turn jiorent flortimque coloribus almus 
 
 Ridetager-^ Ov. Met. Lib. 15". 
 
 The green Hem grows in ftature and in fize, 
 
 But only feeds with Hope the Farmer's eyes ; 
 
 Then laughs the childiih year with flowrets crown'd. 
 
 And laviflily perfumes the fields around. Mr. 'Dryden, 
 
 The fame Poet in his T>e fajlis^ fpeaking of the Vine in flower, ex^- 
 prelfes it 
 
 /;/ J}e vitis erat Ov. de Fall. Lib. $. 
 
 jTig p. The next on the Lift is a Lady of a contrary charafter, and therefore 
 in a quite different pofture. As Security is free from all purfuits, /he 
 is reprefented leaning carlefly on a pillar. Horace has drawn a pretty 
 metaphor from this pofture. 
 
 Nullum me a labore reciwat otlum. 
 
 No eafe doth lay me down from pain. Mr. Creech, 
 
 She refts her felf on a pillar, for the fame reafon as the Poets often com- 
 pare an obftinate refolution or a great firmnefs of mind, to a rock that 
 is not to be moved by all the aflaults of winds or waves. 
 
 Non clvlum ardor prava jubentlumy 
 
 Non vultus Injlantls tyrannic 
 
 Mente quatlt foUdd^ neque Aiifier 
 
 T^ux Inquleta turbldus Adrla^ ^c. Hor. 
 
 The man refolv'd, and fteady to his truft. 
 Inflexible to ill, and obftinately juft, 
 May the rude Rabble's infolence defpife, 
 Their fenfelefs clamours and tumultuous cries ; 
 
 The
 
 of Ancient Medals. 459 
 
 The tyrant's fiercenefs he beguiles, 
 And the ftern brow and the harfh voice defies. 
 
 And with fuperior greatnefs fmiles. 
 Not the rough whirlwind that deforms 
 Adrian black gulf ^c. Mr. Creech. 
 
 I am apt to think it was on Devices of this nature that Horace had his 
 eye in his Ode to Fortune. It is certain he alludes to a pillar that figured 
 out Security, or fomething very like it ; and till any body finds out ano- 
 ther that will ftand better in its place, I think wc may content our felves 
 with this before us. 
 
 Te 'Dacus ajper, te profugi Scytha 
 'Vrbefque geutefque et Latium ferooty 
 Regumque matres barbarorumy et 
 'Purpure't metuunt tyranni : 
 Injur to fo ne fede froruas 
 Stantem columnam ; neu populus frequens 
 Ad arma ceffdntes, ad arma 
 
 Concitety imper'mmque frangat. 
 
 Ad Fortunam. Hor. Lib. i. Od. 35-. 
 
 To thee their vows rough Germans pay. 
 To thee the wandring Scythians bend, 
 Thee mighty Rome proclaims a friend : 
 
 And for their Tyrant fons 
 
 The barb'rous Mothers pray 
 To thee, the greateft guardian of their Thrones, 
 
 They bend, they vow, and ftill they fear, 
 Left you lliould kick their Column down, 
 And cloud the glory of their Crown ; 
 
 They fear that you would raife 
 
 The lazy crowd to war. 
 And break their Empire, or confine their praife. Mr. Creech. 
 
 I muft however be fo fair as to let you know that Teace and Felicity 
 have their pillars in feveral Medals as well as Security, fo that if you do 
 not like one of them, you may take the other. 
 
 The next Figure is that of Chaftityy who was worlhipped as a God- Fig. 10. 
 defs, and had her Temple. 
 
 Nnn z deinde
 
 460 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 -deiude ad fuperos Jftraa recejjit 
 
 Hdc comitet atque dua pariter fitgere forores. 
 
 De pudicitia. Juv. Sat. ^. 
 
 At length uneafy Jufiice upwards flew. 
 
 And both the Sifters to the Stars withdrew. Mr, 'Dry den. 
 
 Templa pudicitia quid opus ftatuijfe puellis. 
 
 Si cuivis nupta quidlibet ejffe licet? Tib. Lib. z. 
 
 Since wives whate'er they pleafe unblam'd can be. 
 Why rear we ufelefs Fanes to Chaftity ? 
 
 How her pofture and drefs become her, you may fee in the following 
 verfes. 
 
 Ergo fedens velat vultus, obnubit ocellos 
 IJla verecundi Jigna Tudoris erant. Alciat. 
 
 She fits, her vifage veil'd, her eyes conceal'd. 
 By marks like thefe was Chaftity reveal'd. 
 
 Ite procul vitt£ tenues, infigne pudoris, 
 
 ^taque tegit medics injlita longa pedes. Ov. de Art. Aman. 
 
 . frontem limbo velata pudicam. Claud, de Theod. Conf. ' 
 
 Hence ! ye fmooth fillets on the forehead bound, 
 Whofe bands the brows of C6^7?i/y furround. 
 And her coy Robe that lengthens to the ground. 
 
 She is reprefented in the habit of a Roman Matron. 
 
 Matrona prater faciem nil cernere pojjis, 
 
 Catera, ni Catia eft, demijfd vefte tegentis. Hor. Sat. z. Lib. r. 
 
 Befides, a Matron's face is feen alone ; 
 But Kate's, that female bully of the town. 
 For all the reft is cover 'd with a gown. 
 
 Mr. Creech. 
 
 That, ni Catia eft, fays Cynthio, is a beauty unknown to moft of our 
 Englijh Satyrifts. Horace knew how to ftab with addreis, and to give 
 a thruft where he was leaft expeded. Boileau has nicely imitated him 
 in this, as well as his other beauties. But our Englijh Libellers are for 
 hewing a man down-right, and for letting him fee at a diftance that he 
 
 is
 
 of Ancient Medals. 461 
 
 is to look for no mercy. I own to you, fays Etigenius, I have often admi- 
 red this piece of art in the two Satyrifts you mention, and have been fur- 
 prized to meet with a man in a Satire that I never in the lead expe<J]:ed to 
 tind there. They have a particular way of hiding their ill nature, and intro- 
 duce a criminal rather to illultrate a precept or paflagc, than out of any 
 feeming defign to abufe him. Our Engiijh Poets on the contrary fliow 
 a kind of malice prepenfe in their Satires, and inftead of bringing in the 
 perfon to give light to any part of the Poem, let you fee they writ the 
 whole Poem on purpofe to abufe the perfon. But we muft not leave 
 the Ladies thus. Pray what kind of head-drefs is that of Tiety ? 
 
 As Chaftity, fays Thilander, appears in the habit of a Roman matron 
 in whom that Virtue was fuppofed to reign in its perfedion, Tiety wears Fig.ii. 
 the drefs of the Veftal Virgins, who were the greateft and molt fhining 
 examples of it. Vittata Sacerdos is you know an expreflion among 
 the Latin Poets. I do not quellion but you have feen in the Duke of 
 Florences gallery a beautiful antique figure of a woman Handing before 
 an Altar, which fome of the Antiquaries call a Tiety, and others a \^e- 
 flal Virgin. The woman, Altar, and fire burning on it, are feen in mar- 
 ble exaftly as in this coin, and bring to my mind a part of a fpeech that. 
 Religion makes in Thadrus's fables. 
 
 Sed ne ignis nojler facinori praluceat, 
 
 Ter qnem verendos excolit Tietas deos. Fab. lo. Li 
 
 It is to this Goddefs that Statins addrelTes himfelf in the following lines. 
 
 Siimma deum Tietas ! cujus gratijjima coelo 
 
 Rara profanatas infpe^iant nnmina terras. 
 
 Hue vittata comam, niveoque injignis amiftn, 
 
 G^talis adhuc pr a/ens, nuUdqne expulfa nocentum 
 
 Fraude rudes populos at que aurea regna colebas^ 
 
 Mitibus exequiis ades, et Ingentis Hetrnfci 
 
 Cerne pios fietus, laudataque lumina terge. Statius Silv Li 
 
 Chief of the Skies, celeftial Tiety \ 
 
 Whofe god-head, priz'd by thofe of heavenly birth, 
 
 Revifits rare thefe tainted realms of E.irth, 
 
 Mild in thy milk-white veil, to footh my friend, 
 
 With holy fillets on thy brows defcend. 
 
 Such as of old (e'er chac'd by Guilt and Rage) 
 
 A race unpoliHit, and a golden age. 
 
 Beheld
 
 4^2 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Beheld thee frequent. Once more come below. 
 Mix in the foft lolemnities of woe. 
 See, fee, thy own Hetrufcus wafles the day 
 In pious grief; and wipe his tears away. 
 
 The Uttle trunk fhe holds in her left hand is the Acerra that you fo often 
 find among the Poets, in which the frankincenfe was preferv'd that 
 'Fiety is here fuppofed to flrow on the fire. 
 
 'DoHtque facerd&ti cufiodem thuris acerram. Ov. Met. Li. 13. 
 
 H/ec t'tb't pro nato plena dat latus acerrd 
 
 Thcebe- Mart. Li. 4. Epig. 45-. 
 
 Fig. 12. The figure of Equity differs but little from that our painters make of 
 her at prefent. The fcales flie carries in her hand are fo natural an em- 
 blem of juftice, that Terfius has turned them into an allegory to ex- 
 prefs the decifions of right or wrong. 
 
 G^iir'ttes 
 
 Hoc puto nonjujlum eji, tllud male, rectus ijiud\ 
 
 Sets etenim jujium gem'tnd fufpendere lance 
 
 Ancipitis Libra. Socrat. ad Alcibiad. Sat. 4. 
 
 : Romans, know, 
 
 Againfl right reafon all your counfels go ; 
 
 This is not fair ; nor profitable that : 
 
 Nor t'other quellion proper for debate. 
 
 But thou, no doubt, can'ft fet the bufinefs right. 
 
 And give each argument its proper weight : 
 
 Know'll with an equal hand to hold the fcale, ^c. Mr. T)ryden, 
 
 Fig. 13- The next figure I prefent you with is Eternity. She holds in her hand 
 a globe with a Phaenix on it. How proper a type of Eternity is each 
 of thefe you may fee in the following quotations. I am fure you will 
 pardon the length of the latter as it is not improper to the occafion, and 
 fliows at the fame time the great fruitfulnefs of the Poet's fancy that 
 could turn the fame thought to fo many different ways. 
 
 Hac jEterna manet, divifque fimillima forma efi, 
 Ctii neqiie principinm eJi tifquarn, nee finis : in ipfo 
 Sed fimilis toto remanet, perque omnia par eft. 
 
 de Rotunditate Corporum. Manil. Li. i. 
 
 This
 
 of Ancient Medals. 465 
 
 This form's eternal, and may juflly claim 
 
 A god-like nature, all its parts the fame ; 
 
 Alike, and equal to its felf 'tis found, 
 
 No end's and no beginning in a round : 
 
 Nought can molelt its Being, nought controul. 
 
 And this enobles, and confines the whole. Mr. Creech, 
 
 'Par vohicer fnperis : Stellas qui vividus aquat 
 1)urandoy membrifque terit redeunt'tbus avum. — — 
 Nam fater eji prole fque fui^ nulloque creante 
 Enter it OS artus fcecunda morte reformat ^ 
 
 Et petit alternam totidem per funera vitam. 
 
 O fenium pojiture rogo, faljifque fepulchris 
 
 Natales habiture vices, que fape renafci 
 
 Exit to ., proprioque files pubefcere let ho. — — 
 
 O felix^harefque tui ! quo jblvimur omnesy 
 
 Hoc tibi fuppeditat vires, prabetur origo 
 
 Ter cinerem, moritur te non pereunte JeneEius. 
 
 Vidijii quodcunquefuit. Te fietila tefte 
 
 Cundia revolvuntur : nojii quo tempore pontus 
 
 Fuderit elatas fcopulis Jtagnantibus undas : 
 
 ^iis ^haetonteis erroribus arferit annus. 
 
 Et c lades Te nulla rapit, filufque ftiperjles 
 
 Edomitd tellure manes, non fiamina 'Pare a 
 
 Jn Te dura legunt, non jus habuere nocendi. de Phaenice. Claud. 
 
 A God-like bird! whofe endlefs round of years 
 Outlafts the flars, and tires the circling fpheres;— — 
 Begot by none himfelf, begetting none. 
 Sire of himfelf he is, and of himfelf the fon ; 
 His life in fruitful death renews its date. 
 
 And kind dellrudion but prolongs his fate. 
 
 O thou, fays he, whom harmlefs fires fliall burn. 
 
 Thy age the flame to fecond youth fhall turn, C. 
 
 An infant's cradle is thy fun'ral urn. ) 
 
 Thrice happy Thanix! Heav'n's peculiar care 
 Has made thy felf thy felf 's furviving heir. 
 By Death thy deathlefs vigour is fupply'd. 
 Which fuiks to ruine all the world befide. 
 
 Tliy
 
 4 64 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Thy age, not thee, affifting Thoebus burns. 
 And vital flames light up thy fun'ral Urns. 
 Whate'er events have been thy eyes furvey, 
 And thou art fix'd while ages roll away. 
 Thou faw'ft when raging ocean burft his bed, 
 O'er-top'd the mountains, and the earth o'erfpread ; 
 When the rafli youth inflam'd the high abodes, 
 Scorch'd up the skies, and fcar'd the deathlefs Gods, 
 When nature ceafes, thou Ihalt flill remain. 
 Nor lecond Chaos bound thy endlefs reign ; 
 Fate's tyrant laws thy happier lot iliall brave. 
 Baffle deitrudion, and elude the grave. 
 
 The circle of rays that you fee round the head of the Thanix diitin- 
 guilli him to be the bird and offspring of the Sun. 
 
 Solis avi fpecimen 
 
 ^na eji qu/e reparet feque ipfa refemitiet ales ; 
 Aifyrn Tbankavocant : noyi fruge neque her bis, 
 Scd Thnris lacrymis, et fucco vivit amotn'i. 
 H/ec ubi quinqne fiia complevh fecula vita-, 
 Il'icis in ramis, tremulave cacumine palm^y 
 Unguibus et dnro Jibi nidum conjlruit ore : 
 Quo Jimul ac cafias, ac nardi lenis ariflas 
 ^iojfaqiie cum fulvd fubjiravit cinnama myrrhd, 
 Se fuper imponit, finitqiie in odoribns avtim. 
 hide ferunt totidem qui vivere debeat amios 
 Cor pore de patrio parviim phanica renafci. 
 Cum dedit hnic at as vires^ onerique ferendo eJl, 
 Tondertbiis nidi ramos levat arboris alta^ 
 Fertque pins ciinafqtie fuas^ patritnnque Sepulcbrum, 
 jerque leves auras Hyperionis nrbe potittis 
 
 j^nte fores facras Hyperionis ade reponit. Ov. Met. Li. 15-. 
 ■ Titanitis ales. Claud, de Phaenice. 
 
 . .From himfelf the Tbanix only fprings: 
 
 Self- born, begotten by the parent Flame, 
 In which he burn'd, another and the fame. 
 Who not by corn or herbs his life fullains, 
 But the fu'^eet elFence of Amomum drains : 
 
 And
 
 of Ancient Medals. 4-65 
 
 And watches the rich gums Arabia bears, 
 
 While yet in tender dew they drop their tears. 
 
 He (his five centuries of Ufe fulfill'd) 
 
 His neft on oaken boughs begins to build. 
 
 Or trembUng tops of Palm, and firit he draws 
 
 The plan with his broad bill and crooked claws. 
 
 Nature's artificers ; on this the pile 
 
 Is form'd, and rifes round ; then with the fpoil 
 
 Of CaJiUy Cynamofty and items of Nard, 
 
 (For foftnefs ftrew'd beneath) his fun'ral bed is rear'd r 
 
 Fun'ral and bridal both ; and all around 
 
 The borders with corruptlefs Myrrh are crown'd. 
 
 On this incumbent ; 'till aetherial flame 
 
 Firft catches, then confumes the colUy frame ; 
 
 Confumes him too, as on the pile he lies ; 
 
 He Uv'd on odours, and in odours dies. 
 
 An Inhnt-Thcenix from the former fprings. 
 His father's heir, and from his tender wings 
 Shakes off his parent dull, his method he purfues. 
 And the fame leafe of life on the fame terms renews. 
 "When grown to manhood he begins his reign, 
 And with ilifF pinions can his flight fullain. 
 He lightens of its load, the tree that bore 
 His father's royal fepulchre before. 
 And his own cradle : This (with pious care, 
 Plac'd on his back) he cuts the buxom air, 
 Seeks the Sun's city, and his facred church. 
 And decently lays down his burthen in the porch. Mr. l^ryden. 
 
 Sic iihi foecundd reparavit morte juventam, 
 
 Et patrios idem cineresy colk^aque^portat 
 
 ^nguibus o£a fiisy Nilique ad Littora tendens 
 
 'Dnicus extremo Thoenix procedit ab Euro : 
 
 Conven'tunt AquiUy cunEiaque ex orbe volucres 
 
 Vt Solis mirenttir avem Claud, de laud.Stil. L. r. 
 
 So when his parent's pile hath ceas'd to burn, 
 Tow'rs the young Thenix from the teeming urn: 
 And from the purple eaft, with pious toil 
 Bears the dear reliques to the diftant Nile^ 
 Vol. L O o o Him-
 
 4<56 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Himfelf a fpecies ! Then, the bird of Jove, 
 And all his plumy nation quit the grove ; 
 The gay harmonious train delighted gaze, 
 Crowd the proceflion, and refound his praife. 
 
 The radiated head of the Thoznix gives us the meaning of a palTage in 
 Aufoniusy which I was formerly furprized to meet with in the defcrip- 
 tion of a Bird. But at prefent I am very well fatisfied the Poet muft 
 have had his eye on the figure of this Bird in ancient fculpturc and paint-" 
 ing, as indeed it was impoffible to take it from the life. 
 
 Ter nova Nejforees tmplevit purj^ura fufos, 
 
 Et toties term comix vivacior avo, 
 
 ^am navies terni glomerantem fecula tra&us 
 
 Vincunt aripedes ter terno Neftore cervix 
 
 Tres quorum atates fuperat Thwheijus ofcen, 
 
 ^lem novies fenior Gangetieus anteit ales. 
 
 Ales cinnameo radiatus tempora nido, Aufon.Eidyll. ii. 
 
 Arcanum radiant oculijubar. igneus ora 
 
 Cingit honos, rutilo cognatum vertice Jidus 
 
 Attollit crijiatus apex^ tenebrafque ferend 
 
 Luce fee at Claud, de Pheen. 
 
 His fiery eyes Ihoot forth a glitt'ring ray, 
 
 And round his head ten thoufand glories play: 
 
 High on his crcft, a Star celeftial bright 
 
 Divides the darknefs with its piercing Ught. 
 
 : 'Procul ignea lucet 
 
 Ales, odorati redolent cut cinnama bufti. CI. de laud. Stil. L.x. 
 
 If you have a mind to compare this fcale of Beings with that of Hefiod, 
 \ fliall give it you in a tranflatiorwof that Poet. 
 
 Ter binos deciefque novem fuper exit in annos 
 
 Jnfla fenefcentum quos imp let vita virorum. 
 
 Hos novies ftiper at vivendo garrula Comix: 
 
 Et qiiater egreditur ccrnicis factila cervus. 
 
 Alipedem cervum ter vincit Corvns : at ilium 
 
 Multiplicat novies Thoenix, reparabicis ales. 
 
 Qnam vos per pet uo decies pr avert it is avo 
 
 Nympha Hamadryades : quarum lo7igiJJlma vita ejl : 
 
 Hi cohibent fines vlvacia fata animantum. Aufon. Eidyl. i8. 
 
 The
 
 of Ancient Medals. 467 
 
 The utmoft age to man the Gods allign 
 Are winters three times two, and ten times nine: 
 Poor man nine times the prating Dawes exceed : 
 Three times the Dawe's the Deer's more lading breed : 
 The Deer's full thrice the Raven's race outrun : 
 Nine times the Raven 77?<2«'s feather'd fon: 
 Beyond his age, with youth and beauty crown'd, 
 The Hamadryads fliine ten ages round : 
 Their breath the longeil is the Fates beflow; 
 And fuch the bounds to mortal lives below. 
 
 A man had need be a good Arithmetician, fays Cynthio, to underfland 
 this Author's works. His defcription runs on like a Multiplication Ta- 
 ble. But methinks the Poets ought to have agreed a little better in the 
 calculations of a Bird's life that was probably of their own creation. 
 
 We generally find a great confufion in the traditions of the ancients, 
 fays T Inlander. It feems to me, from the next Medal, it was an opinion F'g 14 
 among them, that the Thoenix renewed her felf at the beginning of the 
 great year, and the return of the Golden Age. This opinion I find touch- 
 ed upon in a couple of lines in Claiidlati. 
 
 G^itcquid ab externis ales longava colonis 
 
 Colligit, optati refer ens exordia facli. Claud, de rapt. Prof, Li. i. 
 
 The perfon in the midfl of the circle is fuppofed to be Jupiter, by the 
 Author that has publiihed this Medal, but I Ihould rather take it for the 
 figure of Time. I remember I have feen at Rome an antique Statue of 
 Time, with a wheel or hoop of marble in his hand, as Seneca defcribes 
 him, and not with a ferpent as he is generally reprefented. 
 
 proper at curju 
 
 Vita citato y volucrique die 
 
 Rota pracipitis volvitur anni. Here. fur. Afl. i. 
 
 Life pof!s awa}', 
 And day frora day drives on with fwift carreer 
 The wheel that hurries on the headlong year. 
 
 As the circle of marble in his hand reprefents the common year, fo this 
 that encompafTes him is a proper reprefentation of the great year, which 
 is the whole round and comprehenfion of Time. For when this is fini- 
 ihed, the heavenly bodies are fuppofed to begin their courfes anew, and 
 
 Ooo 1 t»
 
 468 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 to meafure over again the feveral periods and divifions of years, months, 
 days, ^c. into which the great year is diftinguiftied. 
 
 confumto, Magnus qui dicitur^ anno 
 
 Rurfus in antiquum venient vaga fidera curfum : 
 
 ^lalia dijpo/iti fieterant ab origine mundi. Aufon. Eidyl. 18, 
 
 When round the great Platonick year has turn'd. 
 In their old ranks the wandring liars fhall Hand 
 As when firll marfhal'd by th' Almighty's hand. 
 
 To fum up therefore the thoughts of this Medal. The infcription teaches^ 
 us that the whole defign mufl refer to the Golden Age which it lively re- 
 prefents, if we fuppofe the circle that encompafles Time^ or if you pleafe 
 Jupiter^ fignifies the finifhing of the great year ; and that the Thcenix 
 figures out the beginning of a new feries of time. So that the compli- 
 ment on this Medal to the Emperor Adrian, is in all refpefts the fame 
 that Virgil makes to Tollio's fon, at whofe birth he fuppofes the annur 
 magnus or platonical year run out, and renewed again with the opening 
 of the Golden Age. 
 
 Magnus ab integro faclorum nafcitur ordo ; 
 
 Jam redit et Virgo, redeunt Saturnia regna : 
 
 Et nova progenies coelo demit t it ur altv. Virg. Ec. 4. 
 
 The time is come the Sibyls long foretold, 
 
 And the bleit maid reftores the Age of Gold 
 
 In the great wheel of Time before enroll'd. 
 
 Now a great progeny from Heav'n defcends. " Ld. Lauderdale, 
 
 nunc adeft mundo dies 
 
 Supremus ilk, qui premat genus impium 
 
 Ceell ruind ; rurfus ut Jiirpem novam 
 
 Generet renafcens melior : ut quondam tulit 
 
 Juvenis tenente regna Saturno poli. Sen. Oet. Aft. %, 
 
 The laft; great day is come, 
 
 When earth and all her impious fons fliall lie 
 
 Cruflit in the ruines of the falling sky. 
 
 Whence frefli Ihall rife, her new-born realms to gracCj. 
 
 A pious offspring and a purer race. 
 
 Such as e'erwhile in golden ages fprung. 
 
 When Saturn govern'd, and the world was young. 
 
 You
 
 of Ancient Medals. 469 
 
 You may compare the defign of this reverfe, if you pleafe, with one of 
 Conjiantinet fo far as the Thoenix is concerned in both. As for the other 
 figure, we may have occafion to fpeak of it in another place. Vid. 15- 
 figure. King of France^ Medalions. 
 
 The next figure fhadows out Eternity to us, by the Sun in one hand F'g- r*s. 
 and the Moon in the other, which in the language of facred poetry is as 
 long as the Sun and Moon endureth. The heathens made choice of thefe 
 Lights as apt fymbols of Eternity^ becaufe contrary to all fublunary Be- 
 ings, though they feem to periih every night, they renew themfelves every 
 morning. 
 
 Soles occidere et redire fojfunt ; 
 
 Nobis cum femel occidit brevis lux^ 
 
 Nox ejl perpetua una dormienda. Catul. 
 
 The Suns fhall often fall and rife : 
 But when the fhort-liv'd mortal dies 
 A night eternal feals his eyes. 
 
 Horace^ whether in imitation of Catullus or not, has applied the fame 
 thought to the Moon : and that too in the plural number. 
 
 *Damna tamen celcres reparant ccelejiia luna : 
 
 Nos ubi decidimus 
 ^b fius /Eneas^ quo Tullus dives^ et Ancus^ 
 
 'Pulvis et umbra fumus. Hor. Od. 7. Lib. 4, 
 
 Each lofs the haftning Moon repairs again. 
 
 But we, when once our race is done, 
 With Tullus and Ancbifes' fon, 
 
 (Tho' rich like one, hke t'other good) 
 To dufl and fhades, without a Sun, 
 Defcend, and fink in dark oblivion's flood. Sir W. Temple, 
 
 In the next figure Eternity fits on a globe of the heavens adorned pig i,-. 
 with ftars. We have already fecn how proper an emblem of Eternity 
 the globe is, and may find the duration of the liars made ufe of by the 
 Poets, as an expreHion of what is never like to end, 
 
 Stellas qui vividus aquas 
 
 ^urando — -— Claudo 
 
 - — ToitLf^
 
 470 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 ■ Tolus dum Jidera fafcet. 
 
 Semper honos mmenqtie tnum laudefqtie manebunt. Virg. Mxi, L. i> 
 
 Lucida dum current annoji Jidera mundi., ^c. Sen. Med. 
 
 Vid. I might here tell you that Eternity has a covering on her head, becaufe 
 F'g- ^3- we can never find out her beginning; that her legs are bare, becaufe we 
 fee only thofe parts of her that are aftually running on ; that llie fits on « 
 globe and bears a fcepter in her hand, to ihew ihe is fovereign Miftrefs 
 of all things : but for any of thefe alfertions I have no warrant from the 
 Poets. 
 
 You mufl: excufe me, if I have been longer than ordinary on fuch a 
 Fig. i8. fubjeft as Eternity. The next you fee is Victory, to whom the Medal- 
 lilts as well as Poets never fail to give a pair of wings, 
 
 Adftiit i^fa fuis Ales Victoria Ckud.de 6. Conf. Honor. 
 
 . dubijs volitat Victoria pennis. Ov. 
 
 . niveis Vi6ioria cone o lor alis, Sil. It. 
 
 The palm branch and lawrel were both the rewards of Conquerors, and 
 therefore no improper ornaments for Victory, 
 
 lenta ViBoris pramia palm£. Ov. Met. 
 
 Et palma fretium Vi6ioribus. Virg. Mxi, 5-. 
 
 Tu ducibus latis aderis cum l£ta tririmphum 
 Vox canetf et longas vifent captolia pompas. 
 
 Apollo ad Laurum. Ov. Met, 
 
 Thou flialt the Roman feftivals adorn ; 
 
 Thou flialt returning Cafar'% triumphs grace, 
 
 "When pomps fliall in a long proceflion pafs. 'Dry den. 
 
 By the way you may obferve the lower plaits of the Drapery that feem 
 to have gathered the wind into them I have feen abundance of antique 
 figures in Sculpture and Painting, with juft the fame turn in the lower 
 foldings of the Veil, when the perfon that wears it is in a pofture of 
 tripping forward. 
 
 Obviaque adverfas vibrabant Jlamina Vejles. Ov. Met. Lib. i. 
 
 K%
 
 of Ancient Medals. 471 
 
 ■ As fhe fled, the wind 
 
 Increafing, fpread her flowing hair behind ; 
 
 And left her legs and thighs expos'd to view. 'Dry den. 
 
 tenues Jinuautur jlamine vejies. Id. Lib. x. 
 
 It is worth while to compare this figure of ViBory with her Statue as it 
 is defcribed in a very beautiful palTage of Trudentius. 
 
 Hon aris non farre mo la ViBoria felix 
 
 Exorata venit : labor impger, ajpera virtus^ 
 
 Vis auimi, excellens ardor, violenHa, curuy 
 
 Hanc tr'tbuunt^ durum traBandis robur in armis, 
 
 §^£ fi defuerint bellantibus, aurea quamvis 
 
 Marmoreo in templo rut Has ViEioria ^ inn as 
 
 Ex f licet, et multis furgat format a talent is : 
 
 Non aderit vejtifque offenjk videbitur haftis, 
 
 ^id miles profits diffifus viribus opt as 
 
 Irritafoeminea tibimet folatia forma ? 
 
 Nunquam pennigeram legio ferrata puellam 
 
 Vidit anhelantum regeret qua tela virorum. 
 
 Vincendi quarts dominam ? fua dextra cuique eft, 
 
 Et T)eus omnipotens. Non pexo crine virago, '~- 
 
 Nee nudo fufpenfa pede, flrophioque revinSfay 
 
 Nee tumidas fiuitante fmu vejlitapapillas. 
 
 Prudentius contra Symm. Li. a. . 
 
 Shall ViEiory intreated lend her aid 
 For cakes of flower on fmoaking Altars laid? 
 Her help from toils and watchings hope to find. 
 From the llrong body, and undaunted mind: 
 If thefe be wanting on th'embattel'd plain. 
 Ye fue the unpropitious maid in vain. 
 Though in her marble temples taught to blaze 
 Her dazling wings the golden dame difplays. 
 And many a talent in due weight was told 
 To ihape her God-head in the curious mould. 
 Shall the rough foldier of himfelf defpair, 
 And hope for female vilions in the air? 
 What legion fheath'd in iron e'er furvey'd 
 Their darts direded by this winged maid!
 
 47^ "Dialogues upon the UJefulnefs 
 
 Do'fl thou the power that gives fuccefs demand? 
 
 'Tis He th' Almighty, and thy own right hand ; 
 
 Not the fmooth Nymph, whofe locks in knots are twin'd. 
 
 Who bending fhows her naked foot behind, 
 
 Who girds the virgin zone beneath her breaft. 
 
 And from her bofom heaves the fvvelling veft. 
 
 Pig. 19. You have here another ViBoryth&t I fancy Claud'tan had in his view- 
 when he mentions her wings, palm and trophy in the following defcrip- 
 tion. It appears on a Coin of Conjiantine who lived about an age before 
 Claiidian, and I believe we iliall find that it is not the only piece of an- 
 tique fculpture that this Poet has copied out in his defcriptions. 
 
 cum totls exurgens ardua fennis 
 
 Ipfa duct Jacras ViEioria pander et ades^ 
 
 Et palrna viridi gaiidens^ et arnica troJ>hais. 
 
 Claud, de Lau. Stil. Li. i. 
 
 On ail her plumage rifmg when ihe threw 
 Her facred ihrines wide-open to thy view. 
 How pleas'd for thee her emblems to difplay. 
 With palms diftinguifli'd, and with trophies gay. 
 
 Fig. 20. The laft of our imaginary Beings is Liberty. In her left hand flie car- 
 ries the wand that the Latins call the Rudis or VindiSia^ and in her 
 right the cap of Liberty. The Poets ufe the fame kinds of metaphors to 
 exprefs Liberty. I Ihall quote Horace for the firll whom Ovid has imi- 
 itated on the fame occafion, and for the IzXX^x Martial. 
 
 donatumjam rude quaris 
 
 Mecanas iterum antique me includere ludo. Hor. Lib. i. Epift. i. 
 
 . tarda vires minuente fenedid 
 
 Me quoqtie donarijam rude tempus erat. Ov. de Tr. Lib. 4. El. 8<. 
 
 Since bent beneath the load of years I (land, 
 I too might claim the freedom-giving wand. 
 
 §hiod te nomine jam tuo faluto 
 
 ^lem regem, et dominum friiis vocabam^ 
 
 Ne me dixeris ejfe contumacem ^ 
 
 Xctis -ffilea farcinis redemi. Mar. Lib. 2, Epig. 68. 
 
 By
 
 ^f Ancient Medals. 475 
 
 By thy plain name though now addreft. 
 Though once my King and Lord confefl, 
 Frown not : with all my goods I buy 
 The precious Cap of Liberty. 
 
 I cannot forbear repeating a pailage out of Terfius, fays Cynthio, that in 
 my opinion turns the ceremony of makitig a Freeman very handfomely 
 into ridicule. It feems the clapping a Cap on his head and giving him a 
 Turn on the heel were neceflary circumllances, A Slave thus qualified 
 became a Citizen of Rome, and was honoured with a name more than be- 
 longed to any of his Forefathers, which Terfius has repeated with a 
 great deal of humour. 
 
 Heu fteriles verl, quibus una ^tiritem 
 
 Vertigo facit ! hie T>ama ejf, non tre£ls agafo, 
 
 Vappa, et lipfus, et in Unui farragine mendax. 
 
 Verterit hunc dominusy momento turbinis exit 
 
 Marcus T>ama. Taf£ ! Marco Jpondente, recufas 
 
 Credere tu mimmos ? Marco fub Judice falles .? 
 
 Marcus dixit, ita eft : ajjlgna, Marce, tabellas. 
 
 Htec rnera libertas : banc nobis filea donant. Perf. Sat. .5;. 
 
 That falfe Enfranchifement with eafe is found : 
 
 Slaves are made Citizens by turning round. 
 
 How ! replies one, can any be more free ? 
 
 Here's ©<2w^, once a Groom of low degree. 
 
 Not worth a farthing, and a Sot befide ; 
 
 So true a Rogue, for lying's fake he ly'd : 
 
 But, with a Turn, a Freeman he became ; 
 
 Now Marcus 1)ama is his Worfliip's name. 
 
 Good Gods ! who wou'd refufe to lend a fum. 
 
 If wealthy Marcus furety wou'd become ! 
 
 Marcus is made a Judge, and for a proof 
 
 Of certain truth, he faid it, is enough, 
 
 A Will is to be prov'd ; put in your claim ; . , 
 
 ''Tis clear, if Marcus has fubfcrib'd his name. 
 
 This is true liberty, as I believe ; 
 
 What farther can we from our Caps receive, 
 
 Than as we pleafc without controul to Uve ? \ Mr. IDryden. 
 
 \-0,L. I. P P P Since
 
 474 Dialogues upon the Ufejulnefs 
 
 Since you have given us the ceremony of the Cap, fays EugenitiSy I'll 
 give you that of the Wand, out of Claudian. 
 
 Te fajios ineunte quater^ follenn'ia ludit 
 
 Om'ina I'tbertas. deduEitim Vindice morcm 
 
 Lex celebrate famnlufque jugo laxatus herU't ■■ 
 
 T)ucittir^ et grata remeat fecurior iEiu. 
 
 Tr'ijlis conditio pilfata fronte recedit : 
 
 3i civem rubtiere gena, tergoque removit 
 
 Verbera fromijji felix injuria voti. Claud, de 4. Conf. Hon. 
 
 The Grato iHu and the felix injuria^ fays Cynthia^ would have told us 
 the name of the Author, though you had faid nothing of him. There 
 is none of all the Poets that deUghts fo much in thefe pretty kinds of 
 contradiftions as Claudian. He loves to fet his Epithet at variance with 
 its fublkntive, and to furprize his Reader with a feeming abfurdity. If 
 this Poet were well examined, one would find that fome of his greateft 
 beauties as well as faults arife from the frequent ufe of this particular 
 iigure. 
 
 I queftion not, fays Thilander^ but you are tired by this time with the 
 
 company of fo mylterious a fort of Ladies as thofe we have had before 
 
 us. We will now, for our diverfion, entertain our felves with a fett of 
 
 s^^g^^Riddles, and fee if we can find a key to them among the ancient Poets. 
 
 Seria. The firft of them, fays Cyntbio^ is a Ship under fail, I fuppofe it has at 
 
 ^'S-^leaft a metaphor or moral precept for its cargo. This, fays Tbilander, 
 
 is an emblem of Happinefs, as you may fee by the infcription it carries 
 
 in its fails We find the fame Device to exprefs the fame thought in 
 
 feveral of the Poets : as in Horace., when he fpeaks of the moderation 
 
 to be ufed in a flowing fortune, and in Ovid when he reflefts on his 
 
 paft happinefs. 
 
 Rebus angufiis animofus atque 
 Fortis afpare : fafienter idem 
 Contrahes vento nimiiim fecundo 
 Turgida vela. Hor. Od. 10, Lib. i. 
 
 When Fortune fends a ftormy wind, 
 
 Then fhew a brave and prefent mind ; 
 
 And when with too indulgent gales 
 
 She fwells too much, then furl thy fails. Mr. Creech. 
 
 Nominis
 
 of Ancient Medals. 475 
 
 Nomnis et fama quondam fulgore trahebar, 
 'Dtim tulit antennas aura fecunda meas. 
 
 Ov. de Trif. Lib. f. EI. ii. 
 
 • En ego, non faucis quondam munitus am'icis, 
 
 T>um flavit velts aura fecunda meis. Id. Epift. ex Ponto 3 . Lib. x, 
 
 " I liv'd the darling Theme of ev'ry tongue. 
 The golden Idol of th' adoring throng ; 
 Guarded with friends, while Fortune's balmy gales 
 Wanton'd aufpicious in my fwelling fails. 
 
 You fee the Metaphor is the fame in the Verfes as in the Medal, with 
 this diflinftion only, that the one is in words and the other in figures. 
 The Idea is alike in both, though the manner of reprefenting it is diffe- 
 rent. If you would fee the whole Ship made ufe of in the fame fenfe by 
 an old Poet, as it is here on the Medal, you may tind it in a pretty Alle- 
 gory of Seneca. 
 
 Fata Ji liceat mihl 
 
 Fingere arb'itr'to meOj 
 
 Temper em zephyr levi i. 
 
 Vela, ne prejfa gravi 
 
 Spir'ttu antenna tremant. 
 
 Lenis et modice fiuens 
 
 Aura, nee vergens latus^ 
 
 'Ducat intrepidam ratem. Sen. OEdip. Chor. Aft. 4. 
 
 My fortune might I form at will. 
 My canvas Zephyrs foft fhould fill 
 With gentle breath, left ruder gales 
 Crack the main-yard, or burft the fails. 
 By winds that temperately blow 
 The Barque fhould pafs fecure and flow. 
 Nor fear me leaning on her fide : 
 But fmoothly cleave th' unruffled tide. 
 
 After having confidered the Ship as a Metaphor, we may now look on it 
 as a Reality, and obferve in it the Make of the old Roman veifels, as they 
 are defcribed among the Poets. It is carried on by oars and fails at the 
 fame time. 
 
 P p p X ^'
 
 47^ D I A L o c n E s upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Sive opus eft velis rHiHirham bene cnrtit ad nnrems 
 
 Sive opus eft remo remige e'atpit ifef. Ov.de Trif. Li. r.Ei. io« 
 
 The Poop of it has the bend that OvU and Virgil mention. 
 
 puppiqiie recurva. IBid. Li. i. Ei. 3. 
 
 ^ lit tor a curva 
 
 Tratexunt puppes - '•- ■ --•'• • ' ^ ' - ■• - •■' Virg. 
 
 You fee the defcription of the Pilot, and the place he fits on, in the fol- 
 lowing quotations. ... 
 
 Ipfe gubernater puppi ^alinurus ab alt a. Virg. iEn. Li. jr: 
 
 Ipftus ante oculos ingeiis a vert ice pontus 
 
 In pnppim ferit.excutitnr^pronufque magifter 
 
 Volvitut in caput. -^ — -^^>.ii=i.=tia.:i-sii.=.^i- Id. yEn. Li. i. 
 
 Orontes'' bark, that bore the Lycian crevv, 
 
 (A horrid light) ev'n in the Hero's view. 
 
 From Hem to Itern, by waves was overborn ; 
 
 The trembling Pilot, from his rudder torn. 
 
 Was headlong hurl'd ; ■ A4r. ^rydeu. 
 
 ' Segnemque Menoeteriy 
 
 Oblitus decorifque fui fociumque falutis; 
 
 In mare pracipitem puppi deturbat ab altd: 
 
 Ipfe gubcrnaclo reEior Jiibit. Id. iEn. Li. f . 
 
 Mindlefs of others lives, (fo high was grown 
 
 His rifing rage,) and carelefs of his own : 
 
 The trembling dotard to the deck he dre\^. 
 
 And hoilted up, and overboard he threw ; 
 
 This done, he feiz'd the helm Mr, T>ryden, 
 
 I have mentioned thefe two laft paffages of Virgil^ becaufe I think we 
 cannot have fo right an idea of the Pilot's misfortune in each of them, 
 without obferving the fituation of his poll, as appears in ancient Coins. 
 The figure you fee on the other end of the Ihip is a Triton^ a man in his 
 upper parts, and a filh below with a trumpet in his mouth. Virgil de- 
 fcribes him in the fame manner on one of Mneas\ fhips. It was proba- 
 bly a common figure on their ancient velTels, for we meet with it too in 
 Silius Italicus. 
 
 Hunc
 
 j 
 
 oj Ancient Medals. 477 
 
 Hunc vebit immanis Triton^ et carula concha 
 
 Exterrens freta: cui laterum teaits hifp'tda nanti 
 
 Frons hominempraferty in pifi im dejinit alvus \ 
 
 Spumea femifero fub pe&ere murmur at unda. \'\x. En. Li. lo. 
 
 The Triton bears him, he, whofe trumpet's found 
 
 Old Ocean's waves from fliore to (hore rebound. 
 
 A hairy man above the wafte he rtiews, 
 
 A Porpoife tail down from his belly grows. 
 
 The billows murmur, which his breall oppofe. Ld. Lauderdah 
 
 *Ducitur et Libya pupfis fLguatafigtiram 
 
 Et Triton captivus. Sil. It. Li. 14. 
 
 I am apt to think, fays Eugeniusy from certain paflTages of the Poets, that 
 feveral fliips made choice offome God or other for their guardians, as 
 among the Roman Catholics every veiTel is recommended to the patro- 
 nage of fome particular Saint. To give you an inllance of two or three. 
 
 EJi mibi Jit que precor flava tutela Minervue 
 
 Navis , Ov. de Trif. Li. i . El. i o. 
 
 Numen erat celfa puppis vicina^ione. Sil, It. Li. 14. 
 
 Hammon numen erat Libyca gentile carina j 
 
 Cornigerdque fedens fpehabat carnlafronte. Ibid. 
 
 The poop great Ammon Libyan god difplay'd. 
 Whole horned front the nether flood furvey'd. 
 
 The figure of the Deity was very large, as I have feen it on other Me- 
 dals as well as rhis you have fliown us, and flood on one end of the vef- 
 fel that it patronifed. This may give us an image of a very beautiful cir- 
 cumftance that we meet with in a couple of wrecks defcribed by Silius 
 Italkusy and Terfius, 
 
 Subito cnm pondere viHus 
 
 Injiliente mart fubmergitur alveus undis. 
 Scuta virfim crijiaque^ et inert i Jpicula ferro 
 TuteUque'DeiimJluitant. — Sil. It. Li. 14. 
 
 Sunk by a weight fo dreadful down fhe goes. 
 
 And o'er her head the broken billows clofe. 
 
 Bright fhields and crefls float round the whirling floods, 
 
 And ufelefs fpears confus'd with tutelary Gods. 
 
 trabe
 
 478 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 trabe ruptd Brutt'ta faxa. 
 
 Trendit amicus inops^ remque omnem furdaque vota 
 
 Cond'tdit : lonio jacet ipfe in littore, et una 
 
 Ingentes de puppc 'Dei,jamque obvia mergis 
 
 Cojta rat is lac era. Perf. Sat. 4. 
 
 My friend is fhipwreck'd on the Brutian flrand. 
 
 His riches in iW Ionian main are loft; 
 
 And he himfelf Hands Ihiv'ring on the coaft. 
 
 W here, deftitute of help, forlorn and bare. 
 
 He wearies the deaf Gods with fruitlefs pray'r. 
 
 Their images, the relicks of the wrack. 
 
 Torn from their naked poop, are tided back 
 
 By the wild waves ; and rudely thrown afhore. 
 
 Lie impotent, nor can themfelves reftore. 
 
 The vefTel fticks, an^l fhews her open'd fide. 
 
 And on her ihatter'd maft the Mews in triumph ride. Mr. T>ryden. 
 
 You will think perhaps "I carry my conjeftures too far, if I tell you that I 
 fancy they are thefe kind of Gods t\\zx. Horace mentions in his Allego- 
 rical vefTel which was fo broken and fhattered to pieces; for I am apt to 
 think that integra relates to the Gods as well as the Lintea. 
 
 -. -^non tibi funt integra lintea^ 
 
 Non T)ii^ qiios iterum prejja "voces malo. Hor.Od. 14. Lib. i. 
 
 Thy ftern is gone, thy Gods are loft. 
 
 And thou haft none to hear th^y cry, 
 When thou on dang'rous fhelves art toft. 
 
 When billows rage, and winds are high. Mr. Creech. 
 
 , Since we are engaged fo far in the Roman ihip ping, fays Thilander^ 
 F'g- i I'll here Ihow you a Medal that has on its reverfe a Rojirum with three 
 teeth to it : whence Silius's trifidum rojirum and Virgil's rojirtfque tri- 
 dent ibus, which in fome editions is Jiridentibus, the Editor chufing ra- 
 ther to make a falfe quantity than to infert a word that he did not know 
 the meaning of. Flaccus gives us a Rojirum of the fame make, 
 
 "volat immijfis cava pinus habenis 
 
 Jnjinditque falum, et Jpiimas vomit are tridenti. 
 
 Val.FIac. Argon. Li. r. 
 
 A
 
 of Ancient Medals. 479 
 
 A Ship-carpenter of old Rovie., fays Cynthio, could not ha^e talked more 
 judicioufly. I am afraid, if we let you alone, you will find out every plank 
 and rope about the vefTel among the Latin Poets. Let us now, if you 
 pleafe, go to the next Medal, 
 
 The next, fays Tbilander, is a pair of Scales, which we meet with on Fig. 3. 
 feveral old Coins. They are commonly interpreted as an emblem of the 
 Emperor's Juftice. But why may not we fuppofe that they allude fome- 
 times to the Balance in the Heavens, which was the reigning conftellation 
 oi Rome and Italy. Whether it be fo or no, they are capable methinks 
 of receiving a nobler interpretation than what is commonly put on them, . 
 if we fuppofe the thought of the reverfe to be the fame as that in Manllius, 
 
 Hejferiam fua Libra tenet y qua condita Roma 
 
 Et fropriis fr/enat fendentem nut thus orbem^ 
 
 Orbis et Imperium retinet., difcrimina rerum 
 
 Lancibusy et fofitas gentes tollitque premitque : 
 
 ^ta genitns cumfratre Remus banc condidit nrbem. Manil. Lib. 4. 
 
 The Scales rule Italy, where Rome cobraands. 
 
 And fpreads its empire wide to foreign lands : 
 
 They hang upon her nod, their fates are weigh'd 
 
 By her, and laws are fent to be obey'd : 
 
 And as her pow'rful favour turns the poize. 
 
 How low fome nations fmk and others rife! 
 
 Thus guide the Scales, and then to fix our doom, ^^"^cT" 
 
 They gave us * Cafar^ Founder of our Rome. Mr. Creech, it. 
 
 The Thunderbolt is a reverfe of Augnftus. We fee it ufed by the great- Fig. 4. 
 eft Poet of the fame age to exprefs a terrible and irrefiftable force in bat- 
 tle, which is probably the meaning of it on this Medal, for in another 
 place the fame Poet applys the fame metaphor to Augiijius\ perfon. 
 
 duo Fulmina belli 
 
 Scipadas . ^ - Virg. ^En. Lib. 6. 
 
 Who can declare 
 
 The Scipo''s worth, thofe Thunderbolts of war ? Mr 'Dry den. 
 
 dum Cafar ad altum ^ 
 
 Fulminat Euphratem hello Id. Georg. Lib. 4. 
 
 While mighty Ca/ar, thund 'ring from afar. 
 
 Seeks on Euphrates' banks the fpoils of war. Mr. T>ryden.
 
 480 Dialogues upon the -Ufefulnefs 
 
 I have fometimes wondered, fays Eagen'msy why the Latm Poets fo fre- 
 quently give the Epithets of trifidum and fri/ulcum to the Thunderbolt. I 
 am now perfuaded they took it from the fculptors and painters that lived 
 before them, and had generally given it three forks as in the prefent fi- 
 gure. ^'ir^;7 infills on the number three in its dcfcription, and feems to 
 hint at the wings we fee on it. He has worked up fuch a noife and ter- 
 ror in the compofition of his Thunderbolt as cannot be exprelTed by a 
 pencil or graving-tool. 
 
 Tres imbris torti radios, tres nubls aqnofa 
 
 Addiderant, rtitili tres ignis, et Alitis Anjlri. 
 
 Fulgores nunc terrificos fonittimque mettimqne 
 
 Mifcebant opcriy flammijque fequacibus iras. \ irg. &xi. Lib. 8. 
 
 Three rays of writhen rain, of fire three more, 
 
 Of winged fouthern winds, and cloudy flore 
 
 As many parts, the dreadful mixture frame. 
 
 And fears are added, and avenging flame. Mr. T>ryden. 
 
 Fig. 5.. Our next reverfe is an Oaken Garland, which we] find on abundance of 
 Imperial Coins. I fliall not here multiply quotations to fhow that the gar- 
 land of Oak was the reward of fuch as had faved the life of a citizen, but 
 will give you a palTage out of Claudian, where the compliment to Stilico 
 is the fame that we have here on the Medal. I queltion not but the old 
 Coins gave the thought to the Poet. 
 
 Mos erat in veterum cafiris, itt tempora quercu 
 Velaret, validis qui fufo viribtis hojie 
 Cafurum fotuit morti fubducere civem. 
 At tibi qu£ pot er it pro t ant is civic a reddi 
 Alanibus? ant quanta penfabunt fa6f a corona? 
 
 Clau. de Lau. Stil. Lib. 3. 
 
 Of old, when in the war's tumultuous llrife 
 
 A Roman fav'd a brother Roman's life. 
 
 And foil'd the threatning foe, our Sires decreed 
 
 An Oaken Garland for the vigor's meed. 
 
 Thou, who hail fav'd whole crowds, whole towns fet free, 
 
 \Vhat groves, what woods, Ihall furnilli crowns for thee? 
 
 It is not to be fuppofed that the Emperor had aSually covered a Roman 
 in battle. It is enough that he had driven out a tyrant, gained a viftory, 
 
 or
 
 of Ancient Medals. 481 
 
 or reftored Juflicc. For in any of thefe or the like cafes he may very 
 well be faid to have faved the life of a citizen, and by confequence enti- 
 tled to the reward of it. Accordingly we find ^/r^/Zdiftributinghis Oaken 
 garlands to thofc that had enlarged or Itrcngth'ned the dominions of 
 Rofne ; as we may learn from Statins that the llatue of Curtius, who had 
 facrificed himfelf for the good of the people, had the head furrounded 
 with the fame kind of ornament. 
 
 Atque umbrata gerunt civ'tit temfora quercu: 
 
 H'} tibi Nomentum, et Gabiosy urbemque Fidenam, 
 
 Hi Collatinas imponent montibus arces. Virg. yEn. Lib. 6. 
 
 But they, who crown'd with Oaken wreaths appear. 
 
 Shall Gabian walls and llrong Fideua rear : 
 
 Nomentum^ Bola, with Tomctia, found ; 
 
 And raife CoUtian tovv'rs on rocky ground. Mr. 'Dryden. 
 
 Ipfe loci cujlosy cujus facrata vorago^ 
 
 Famofufqiie lacus nomen memorabde fervat^ 
 
 Infiumeros aris fovitus, et verbere crudo 
 
 Ut fenjit mugire forum., movet horrida fanEfo 
 
 Orajitu, merit dque caput venerabiLe quercu. Statius Sylv. Lib. i. 
 
 The Guardian of that Lake, which boafts to claim 
 A fure memorial from the Curtian name ; 
 Rous'd by th' artificers, whofe mingled found 
 From the loud Forum pierc'd the (hades profound. 
 The hoary vifion rofe confefs'd in view, 
 And fhook the Civic wreath that bound his brow. 
 
 The two horns that you fee on the next Medal are emblems oiTlenty. Fig. 
 
 apparetque beatapleuo 
 
 Copia Cornu. Hor. Car. Sapc. 
 
 Your Medallirts tell us that two Horns on a Coin ilgnify an extraordi- 
 nary Plenty. But I fee no foundation for this conjedure. Why Ihould 
 they not as well have Itamped two Thunder-bolts, two Caduccus's, or 
 two Ships, to rcprefcnt an extraordinary force, a lailing peace, or an un- 
 bounded happincfs. I rather think that the double Cornn-copia relates to 
 the double tradition of its original. Some reprefenting it as the horn of 
 Acbelous broken off by Hercules, and others as the horn of the Goat 
 that gave fuck to Jupiter. 
 
 Vol. I. Q qq -.rigi-
 
 483 Dialogues upon the Ufefttlnefs 
 
 • rigidumfera ilextera cornu 
 
 'T>iim tenet y tnfregit\ truncaqtie a fronte re-ucHit. 
 Naiades heCy fomis et odoro flore repletunty 
 Sacrdrunt ; divefqiie me^ bona Copla cornu eft. 
 'Dixerat : at Nymfhe ritufuccinUa Giants 
 ^na miniftrarumy fufis utrinque capUisy 
 Incejfit^ totumque tuL'it fradivite cornu 
 Autumnuniy et menjas felicia poma feeundas. 
 
 Pe Acheloi Cornu. Ov. Met. Lib. % 
 
 Nor yet his fury cool'd ; 'twixt rage and Iborn, 
 From my maim'd front he bore the ftubborn horn : 
 This, heap'd with flowers and fruits the Naiads bear. 
 Sacred to Plenty and the bounteous year. 
 
 He fpoke ; when lo a beauteous Nymph appears, 
 Girt like "Dianas train, with flowing hairs ; 
 The horn (he brings, in which all Autumn's ftor'd ; 
 And ruddy apples for the fecond board. Mr. Cay. 
 
 Lac dabat ilia Deo: fed f regit in arbor? cornu: 
 
 Truncaque dimidid farte decoris erat. 
 Suftulit hoc Nymphe ; cinElumque recentibus herbisy 
 
 Et plenum fomis ad Jovis ora tulit. 
 I Iky nbi res cceli tenuity folio que pater no 
 
 Sedity et invi£to nil Jove majus erat, 
 Sidera nutriceniy nutricis fertile cornu 
 
 Fecit -y quod domina nunc quoque nomen hab'et. 
 
 De Cornu Amalthese. Ov. de Faft. Lib. j. 
 
 The God flie fuckled of old Rhea born ; 
 And in the pious office broke her horn. 
 As playful in a rifted Oak Ihe toft 
 Her heedlefs head, and half its honours loft. 
 Fair Amalthaa took it off the ground. 
 With apples fiU'd it and with garlands bound, 
 "Which to the fmiling infant ihe convey'd. 
 He, when the fceptre of the Gods he fway'd, 
 When bold he feiz'd his father's vacant throne, ' 
 And reign'd the tyrant of the skies alone. 
 Bid his rough nurfe the ftarry Heavens adorn 
 And grateful in the Zodiac fix'd her Horn, 
 
 Betwixt
 
 of Ancient Medals. 483 
 
 Betwixt the double Cornu-cofta you fee Mercitry\ rod. 
 
 Cylienes cxlique d^cus, facunde min'tfi'er, 
 
 Aurea cut torto vh-ga dracone viret. Mart. Lit^. 7. Epig. 74. 
 
 Defcend, Cylienes cutelary God, 
 
 With ferpents twining round thy golden rod. 
 
 It flands on old Coins as an emblem of Peace, byreafon of its flupifying 
 quality that has gained it the title o{ Virga fomiiifera. It has wings, for 
 another quaUty that Virgil mentions in his defcription of it. 
 
 hac fret us -ventos et nubila tranat. ^'irg- 
 
 Thus arm'd, the God begins his airy race, 
 
 And drives the racking clouds along the hquid fpace. Mr. 'Drydeii^' 
 
 The two heads over the two Cornu-cofia are of the Emperor's children, 
 who are fometimes called among the Poets the pledges of Peace, as theyr 
 took away the occafions of war in cutting off all difputes to the fucceT- 
 fion. 
 
 ■ tu mibi frimunt 
 
 Tot natorum memoranda far ens 
 
 1)tero toties enixa gravi 
 
 Tignora pacts. Sen. Oftav. Aft. 5'. 
 
 Thee firft kind author of my joys. 
 Thou fource of many fmiling boys. 
 Nobly contented to bellow 
 A pledge of peace in every throe. 
 
 This Medal therefore comphments the Emperor on his two children, 
 whom it reprefcnts as public bleilings that promife Peace and Plenty to 
 the Empire. 
 
 The two hands that joyn one another are EmbTems of Fidelity. Fig. 
 
 Inde Fides dextraque dat£ Ov. Met. L. 14. 
 
 Sociemus animos, fignus hoc fidei cafe^ 
 
 Con tinge dextram Sen. Here. Fur; Aft. z. 
 
 ■en dexti'a fidefqud 
 
 ^em fecum fatrios aiunt portare penates ! Virg. yEn. Lib. 4. 
 
 Q q q 1 Sec
 
 484 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 See now the promis'd faith, the vaunted name, 
 The pious man, who, rufhing thro' the flame, 
 Preferv'd his Gods Mr. 'Dry den. 
 
 By the Infcription we may fee that they reprefent in this place the Fidelity 
 or Loyalty of the public towards their Emperor. The Caducens rifing be- 
 tween the hands fignities the Peace that arifes from fuch an union with 
 their Prince, as the fpike of Corn on each fide fliadows out the Plenty 
 that is the fruit of fuch a peace. 
 
 Tax Cererem jiutrit, pacts alumna Ceres. Ov. de Fail. Lib, i. 
 
 Fig 8. The giving of a hand, in the reverfe of Claudius^ is a token of good will. 
 For when, after the death of his nephew Caligula^ Claudius was in no 
 fmall apprehenlion for his own life, he was, contrary to his expectation, 
 well received among the Tratorian guards, and afterwards declared their 
 Emperor. His reception is here recorded on a Medal, in which one of 
 the Enfigns prefents him his hand, in the fame fenfe as Aneh'tfes gives it 
 in the following verfes. 
 
 Iffe pater dextram Aneh'tfes hand mult a moratus 
 'hut juveni^ atque animum prafenti munere firmat. 
 
 Virg. ^n. Lib. 3. 
 
 The old weather-beaten foldier that carries in his hand the Roman Eagle, 
 is the fame kind of officer that you meet with in Jitvenars fourteenth 
 Satire. 
 
 Dime Maurornm attegias, cajlella Brigantum-, 
 
 Vt locufletem Aquilam tibifexagejimus annus 
 
 Ajferat ■ Juv. Sat. 14. 
 
 I remember in one of the Poets the Signifer is defcribed with a Lion's 
 skin over his head and ihoulders, like this we fee in the Medal, but at pre- 
 fent I cannot recoiled the paffage. Virgil has given us a noble defcrip- 
 tion of a warrior making his appearance under a Lion's skin. 
 
 tegmen torquens immune Leonis 
 
 Terribili impextim fetd, cum dent thus albis 
 Indtitus capitis Jic regia tefta Jubibat 
 Horridusy Herculeoque humeros indutus ami£iu. 
 
 Virg. ytn. Lib. 7. 
 
 Like
 
 of Ancient Medals. 485 
 
 Like Hercules himfelf his Son appears, 
 
 In falvage pomp : a Lion's hide he wears ; 
 
 About his Ihoulders hangs the Ihaggy skin. 
 
 The teeth, and gaping jaws feverely grin. 
 
 Thus like the God his father, homely dreft, 
 
 He Itrides into the hall, a horrid guell ? Mr. Dryden. 
 
 Since you have mentioned the drefs of your Standard-bearer, fays Cyn- 
 th'to, I cannot forbear remarking that of Claudius^ which was the ufual 
 Roman habit. One may fee in this Medal, as well as in any antique Sta- 
 tues, that the old Romans had their necks and arms bare, and as much 
 expofed to view as our hands and faces are at prefent. Before I had 
 made this remark, I have fometimes wondered to fee the Roman Poets, 
 in their descriptions of a beautiful man, fo often mentioning the Turn 
 of his Neck and Arms, that in our modern drelles lie out of fight, and 
 are covered under part of the cloathing. Not to trouble you with ma- 
 ny quotations, Horace fpeaks of both thefe parts of the body in the be- 
 ginning of an Ode, that in my opinion may be reckoned among the 
 tinell of his book, for the naturalnefs of the thought, and the beauty of 
 the expreflion. 
 
 T>um tu Lydia Telephi 
 Cervicem rofeam^ et cerea Tele^hi 
 
 Laiidas bracb'ta^ va meum 
 F^ rvens d'tffclli bile tumet jecur. 
 
 '^\\txs.Telephus his youthful charms. 
 His rofy neck, and vi'inding arms. 
 With endlefs rapture you recite. 
 And in that pleafing name delight; 
 My heart, inflam'd by jealous heats. 
 With numberlefs refentments beats ; 
 From my pale cheek the colour flies. 
 And all the Man within me dies. 
 
 It was probably this particular in the Roman habit that gave Virgil the 
 thought in the following verfe, where Remnlns, among other reproaches 
 that he makes the Trojans for their foftnefs and effeminacy, upbraids them 
 with the Make of their Tunicas that had lleeves to them, and did not 
 leave the arms naked and expofed to the weather like that of the Ro- 
 mans. 
 
 :\ Ei
 
 486 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Et tunica tnankas, et habsnt ridim'tctUa mftra. 
 
 Virgil lets us know in another place, that the Italians preferved their 
 old language and habits, notwithftanding the Trojans became their Ma- 
 fters, and that the Trojans themfelvies quitted, the drefs. of their own 
 country for that of Itaij(,. "^his he tells us was the qSoOl of ai prayer that 
 Juno made to Jupiter. 
 
 Illud tCf nulla, fati quod lege tenetur, 
 
 Tro Latio obtejlor, pro majejlate tuorum. : 
 
 Cum ja^conpubits facem felicibus {ejlo\) 
 
 ComfP.nent^ cum jam, leges et foe'd^vA .jUHgent-\^ 
 
 iW, vetiis indigenas nomen ntufane. Latinos^ 
 
 N^i^Tr^as fieri jub^as^ Teucrofque 'vacat^ii 
 
 Aj^p. v(fceffi,mutarc 'vir.osy aut-vertere.vejies. 
 
 Sit Lattuptj Jint Alb^ni per fiacula^reges.: 
 
 Sit Ramana fotens Itald virtute propago : 
 
 Occidiit, occidcri.tque finas cum nomine Troja. Max, lib. 12. 
 
 This let me beg (and this no Fates withiland ) 
 
 Both for my felf, and for your father's land, 
 
 That when the nuptial bed fhall bind the peace, 
 
 (Which I, fmce you ordain, confent to blefs) 
 
 The laws of either nation be the fame ; 
 
 But let the Latins ftill retain their name: 
 
 Speak the fame language, which they fpoke before. 
 
 Wear the fame habits, which their Grand fires wore.v 
 
 Call them not Trojans : perifh the renown 
 
 And name of Troy^ with that detefted town. 
 
 Latium be Latium ftill : let Alba .reign^^ 
 
 And Ro7ne'% immortal Majefty remain. Mr. T>rydeH. 
 
 By the way, I have often admired at Virgil, for^ reprefent-ing his Jun9 
 with fuch an impotent kind of revenge, as what is the, fubjeft of this 
 fpeech. You may be fure, fays Eugenius, that Virgil knew very well 
 this was a trifling kind of requefl for the Queen,, of the Gods to make, 
 as we may find by Jupiter^ way of accepting it. 
 
 Olli fubridens hominum rerumque repertor :. 
 Et germana Jovis, Saturnique altera proles :. 
 Irarum tantos volvis fub pe^ore Jludus ? 
 Verum age, et inceptum frujlra fubm'itte furorem. 
 
 'Do
 
 of AncieM Medal s. \tj 
 
 jDtf, quod vis ; et me viBufque volenfhiue remitto. 
 
 Sermonem Aufonii fatr'mfn morefque tenelnmt . 
 
 1)tque eji, nomen erit : cbmmixti corpore t»ntuf» 
 
 Subjident Teucri : moretn rituf^Ue fkcroritm 
 
 Adj'tciam^ faciamque onmes tmo ore Latinos. &c. J£.n. Lib. iz,. 
 
 Then thus the Founder of mankind replies. 
 
 (Unruffled was his front, ferene his eyes,) 
 
 Can Satitrti's iflue, and Heav'ns other Heir, 
 
 Such cndlefs anger in her bdfdm bear ? 
 
 Be Miftrefs, and your full defues obtain; 
 
 But quench the choler you foment in vain. 
 
 From ancient blood th' Aufonian people fprung. 
 
 Shall keep their name, their habit, and their tongue. 
 
 The Trojans to their cultoms fhall be ty'd, 
 
 I will my felf their common rites provide; 
 
 The natives fliall command, the foreigners fubfide: 
 
 And fhall be Latium; Troy without a name: 
 
 And her lofl fons forget from whence they came. Mr. Dryden. 
 
 [ am apt to think Virgil had a further view in this rcc^ueft of Juno than 
 what his Commentators have difcovered in it. He knew very well that 
 his Mneid was founded on a very doubtful Itory, and that Mneas'^ coming 
 into Italy was not univerfally received among the Romans themfelves. 
 He knew too that a main objeftion to this flory was the great difference 
 of Cuftoms, Language and Habits among the Romans and Trojans. To 
 obviate therefore fo ftrong an objection, he makes this difference to arife 
 from the forecaft and prae- determination of the Gods themfelves. But 
 pray what is the name of the Lady in the next Medal? Methinks ihe 
 is very particular in her Quoiffure. 
 
 It is the emblem of Fruitfulnefs, fays Tbilander^ and was defigned as Fig. 9. 
 a compliment to Julia the wife of Septimius Severus, who had the fame 
 number of children as you fee on this Coin. Her head is crowned with 
 towers in atlufion to Cybele the mother of the Gods, and for the fame 
 reafon that Virgil compares the city of Rome to her. 
 
 Felix prole viriim, qualis Berecynthia mater 
 
 Jnvehitur curru Thrygias tnrrita per urbes, 
 
 L<eta Tfeum partu Virg. /En. Li. 6. 
 
 High
 
 488 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 High as the mother of the Gods in place. 
 
 And proud, Uke her, of an immortal race. 
 
 Then when in pomp ihe makes a 'Phrygian round. 
 
 With golden turrets on her temples crown'd. Mr. 'Drydefi. 
 
 The Vine ilTuing out of the Urn fpeaks the fame fenfe as that in the 
 PfalmilL Thy wife /hall be as the fruitful "vine on the walls of thy 
 houfe. The four Stars overhead, and the fame number on the Globe, 
 reprefent the four children. There is a Medalion of Romulus and Re- 
 mus fucking the wolf, with a Star over each of their heads, as we find the 
 Latin Poets fpeaking of the children of Princes under the fame metaphor. 
 
 ^tqiie tnifaciunt Jidus Juvenile nepotes^ 
 
 Per tua jerque fui fa£fa parentis cant. Ov. deTrif Li. 2. EI. i. 
 
 Tu quoque extin£fus jaces^ 
 
 T^eficnde nobis fempery infelix piicr^ 
 
 Modo Jidiis orbis, colnmen augufta domuSt 
 
 Britannice. Sen. Odav. Aft. i. 
 
 Thou too dear youth, to aflies turn'd, 
 Britannicus, for ever mourn'd ! 
 Thou Star that wont this Orb to grace ! 
 Thou pillar of the Julian race ! 
 
 Maneas hominum contentus habenis^ 
 
 Undarum terraque pot ens, et Jidcra doncs. Stat. Theb. Li. i. 
 
 Stay, great Cafar^ and vouchfafe to reign 
 
 O'er the wide earth, and o'er the watry main ; 
 
 Refign to fove his Empire of the skies. 
 
 And people Heav'n with Roman Deities. Mr. Tope. 
 
 I need not mention Homers comparing Aftyanax to the Morning-liar, 
 nor Virgil's imitation of him in his defcription o^ Jfcanius. 
 Fig. 10. q-j^g j^pxt Medal was itampt on the marriage of NeronnA Offavia-, . 
 you fee the Sun over the head of Nero, and the Moon over that of O- 
 Bavia, They face one another accarding to the fituarion of thefe two 
 Planets in the Heavens. 
 
 Thabeis ohvia flammis 
 
 "Demet noBi Luna timores. Sen. Thyeft. Aft. 4. 
 
 And
 
 of Ancient Medals. 489 
 
 And to fliew that OEiavia derived her whole luflre from the friendly 
 afpeft of her husband. 
 
 Sictit Luna fuo tunc tanttim deficit orbe, 
 
 ^lum 'Phxhum adverfis currentem non vidit afir'ts. Manil. Lib. 4. 
 
 Becaufe the Moon then only feels decay. 
 
 When oppofite unto her brother's ray. Mr. Creech. 
 
 But if wc confider the hiflory of this Medal, we lliall find more Fancy 
 in it than the Medallifts have yet difcovered, Nero and OBavia were 
 not only husband and wife, but brother and filter, Claudius being the 
 father of both. We have this relation between them marked out in 
 the Tragedy of OEiavia^ where it fpeaks of her marriage with Nero. 
 
 Fratris thalamos fortita tenet 
 
 Maxima Juno : foror Augujli 
 
 Sociata toris, cur a f atria 
 
 Tellitur Aula? Sen. O^. Aft. i. 
 
 To Jove his fifter confort wed, 
 Uncenfur'd Ihares her brother's bed : 
 Shall Cafafs wife and fifter wait, 
 An Exile at her husband's gate ? 
 
 Implebit aulam fiirpe ceelejli tuam 
 
 Generata divo, Claudia gent is decus, 
 
 Sortita fratris., more Junonis, toros. Ibid. Aft. 2. 
 
 Thy fifter, bright with ev'ry blooming grace, 
 Will mount thy bed t'inlarge the Claudian race: 
 And proudly teeming with fraternal love, 
 Shall reign a Juno with the Roman Jove. 
 
 They are therefore very prettily reprefented by the Sun and Moon, who 
 as they are the moft glorious parts of the univerfe, are in poetical genea- 
 logy brother and fifter. Virgil gives us a fight of them in the fame pofi- 
 tion that they regard each other on this Medal. 
 
 Nee Fratris radiis obnoxia fiirgere Luna. \ iro-. Georg. r. 
 
 The flattery on the next Medal is in the fame thought as that of Lu-^'S- ". 
 cretius. 
 
 Vol. I. R r r Ij>fe
 
 49 o Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Ij>/e Epicurus obh decurfo lumine vita ; 
 
 §lui genus humanum ingenio fuj^eravit, et omneis 
 
 Trafiinxity jlellas exortus uti atherius Sol. Lucret. Lib. 3. 
 
 Nay, Epicurus'' race of life is run ; 
 
 Tiiat man of wit, who other men outftione ; 
 
 As far as meaner ftars the mid-day Sun. '^ Mr. Creech. 
 
 The Emperor appears as the Rifmg Sun, and holds a Globe in his hand,. 
 to figure out the Earth that is enlightned and aftuated by his beauty, 
 
 Sol qui terrarum fiammis opera omnia luftras. Virg. 
 
 ubi przmos crafiinus ortus 
 
 Extulerit Titan^ radiifque .retexerit orbem. Id* 
 
 When next the Sun his rifing light difplays, 
 
 And gilds the world below with purple rays. Mr. T)rjyden. 
 
 On his head you fee the rays that feem to grow out of it. Claudian in 
 the defcription of his infant Titan defcants on this glory about his head,, 
 but has run his defcription into moll wretched fuftian. 
 
 Invalidum dextro portat Titana lacertOy 
 Nondum luce graventy nee pubefcentibus alte 
 Crijiatum radiis ; primo clementior avo 
 Fingitur, et tenerum vagitu defpuit ignem. 
 
 Claud, de rapt. Prof. Libs 2,. 
 
 An infant Titayt held flie in her arms ; 
 
 Yet fufFerabJy bright, the eye might bear 
 
 The ungrown glories of his beamy hair. 
 
 Mild was the babe, and from his cries there came 
 
 A gentle breathing and a harmlefs flame. 
 
 Fig 12. The Sun rifes on a Medal of Commodnsy as Ovid defcribes him in the- 
 flory of Thaeton. 
 
 Ardua prima via eji, et qua vix mane recentes 
 
 Enituntur equi • • Ov. Met. Lib, x. 
 
 « 
 
 You have here too the four horfes breaking through the clouds in their 
 
 morning palTagc. 
 
 '^ 'Fyroeis:
 
 of Ancient Medal s. 49 1 
 
 'PyroeiSf et Eous, et jEthon, 
 
 Solis equiy quartufqueThkgon Ibid. 
 
 Corriptere vianty ped'tbufque per a'era metis 
 
 Obfi antes fcindnnt nebulas Ibid. 
 
 The woman underneath reprefents the Earth, as Ovid has drawn her 
 fitting in the fame iigure. 
 
 Suftul'tt omn'tferos collo temis arida viiltus ; 
 
 Oppofn'ttque nianum fronti, magnoque trvmore 
 
 Omnia concutiens paulum fubjedit. Ibid. 
 
 The earth at length 
 
 UpHfted to the heav'ns her blafted head, 
 And clapt her hand upon her brows, and faid, 
 ( But firll, impatient of the fultry heat. 
 Sunk deeper down, and fought a cooler feat.) 
 
 The Cornu-copia in her hand is a type of her fruitfulnefs, as in the fpeech 
 ihe makes to Jupiter. 
 
 Hofne mihi fni5tusy huiic fertilitatis honoreniy 
 
 Ojficiique refers ? quod adtinci vulncra aratri 
 
 Rajlrorumque fero, totoque exerceor anno ? 
 
 ^lod pecori frondes, aliment aqne mitia fruges 
 
 Humano generi^ vobis quoque thura minifiro ? Ibid. 
 
 And does the plow for this my body tear ? 
 This the reward for all the fruits I bear, 
 Tortur'd with rakes, and harrafs'd all the year ? 
 That herbs for cattle daily I renew. 
 And food for man, and frankincenfe for you ? 
 
 So much for the defigning part of the Medal ; as for the thought of it, 
 the Antiquaries are divided upon it. For my part I cannot doubt but it 
 was made as a compliment to Commodus on his skill in the chariot- race. It 
 is fuppofed that the fame occafion furniihed Lucan with the fame thought 
 in his addrefs to Kero. 
 
 Sen te fiammigeros Thcsbi confcendere currusy 
 
 Telluremque^ nihil mutato folcy timcntem 
 
 Igne vago lujirare juvet Luc. Lib. i. ad Neronem. 
 
 Rrr X O 
 
 r
 
 492 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Or if thou chufe the empire of the day, 
 
 And make the Sun's unvvilUng fteeds obey ; 
 
 Aufpicious if thou drive the flaming team, 
 
 While earth rejoyces in thy gentler beam Mr. Ro'i&'e. 
 
 This is fo natural an allufion, that we find the courfe of the Sun defcrib- 
 ed in the Poets by metaphors borrowed from the Circus. 
 
 ^lum fufpenfus eat Thcebus., currumque refie^at 
 
 Hue illuc agiles, et fervet in athere metas, Manil. Lib. i. 
 
 • Hefperio pofitas in lit tore metas. Ov. Met. Lib 2. 
 
 F.t Sol ex aqtio met a dijiabat ntrdque. Idem. 
 
 However it be, we are fure in general it is a comparing of Commodns to 
 ihe Sun, which is a limile of as long (landing as poetry, I had almolt 
 faid, as the Sun it felf. 
 
 I beUeve, fays Cynthio^ there is fcarce a great man he ever ilione upon 
 that has not been compared to him. I look on fimiles as a part of his 
 produftions. I do not know whether he raifes fruits or flowers in grea- 
 ter number. Horace has turn'd this comparifon into ridicule feventeen 
 hundred years ago. 
 
 laudat BrntHm, laudatque cohort em-, 
 
 Solem AJla Bruttim appellat Hor, Sat. 7. Lib, i. 
 
 He praifeth Brutus much and all his train ; 
 
 He calls him jijia\ Sun Mr. Creech. 
 
 You have now fliovvn us perfons under the difguife of Scars, Moons 
 and Suns. I fuppofe we have at lall done with the cceleflial bodies. 
 
 Fig. 13. The next figure you fee, fays Thilander, had once a place in the hea- 
 vens, if you will believe ecclefiaflical ftory. It is the fign that is faid to 
 have appeared to Confiantine before the battle with Maxcntius. We are 
 told by a Chriltian Poet, that he caus'd it to be wrought on the military 
 Enfign that the Romans call their Lab arum. And it is on this Enfign 
 that we find it in the prefent Medal. 
 
 Chrifius purpureum gemmanti. textus in auro 
 
 Signabat Labarum. Prudent, contra Symm. Lib. i.
 
 of Ancient Medals. 495 
 
 A Chrifl was on th' Imperial llandard born, 
 That Gold embroiders, and that Gemms adorn. 
 
 By the word Chrijlus he means without doubt the prefent figure, which 
 is compofed out of the two Initial letters of the name. 
 
 He bore the fame lign in his Itandards, as you may fee in the following Fig. 14. 
 Medal and verfes. 
 
 AgJiofcaSy Regijia, libeus mea/igna neceffe eft : 
 In cjiiibus Ejfig'tes Cruets ant gemjitata refulget^ 
 Ant loiigis fbl'tdo ex anro j^rafertnr in ha ft is.- 
 
 Conltantinus Romam alloquicur. Ibid, 
 
 My Enfign let the Queen of nations praife, 
 That rich in gemms the Chrillian Crofs difplays: 
 There rich in gemms ; but on my quiv'ring fpears 
 In folid gold the facred mark appears. 
 
 Vexillumque Crrtcis fiimmus domiuator adorat. Id, in Apotheofi, 
 
 See there the Crofs he wav'd on hoflile fhores, 
 The Emperor of all' the world adores. 
 
 But to return to our Labarum; if you have a mind to fee it in a flate fig- i:r- 
 of Paganifm you have it on a Coin of Tiberius. It Itands between two 
 other Enfigns, and is the mark of a Roman Colony where the Medc^.l 
 was llamped. By the way you mull obferve, that where-ever the Ro- 
 mans fixed their llandards they looked on that place as their country, and 
 thought themfelves obhged to defend it with their lives. For this rea- 
 fon their llandards were always carryed before them when they went to 
 fettle themfelves in a Colony. This gives the meaning of a couple of 
 verfes in Silius Italicus, that make a very far-feteht compUment to 
 Fabius. 
 
 Ocyus hue Aquilas fervataque Jigna. referte. 
 
 Hie fatr'ta eft, murique urbis Jlant peEiOre in uno. Sil.It. Li. 7. 
 
 The following Medal was ftampcd on Trajan^ vidory over the !Z><7f i, Fig. i6. 
 you fee on it the figure of Trajan prefenting a little Vi^ory to Rome. 
 Between them lies the conquered province of T)acia. It may be worth 
 while to obferve the particularities in each figure. We fee abundance 
 of perfons on old Coins that hold a little Victory \w one hand, like this of 
 Trajan, which is always the fign of a Conquell I have fometimes fan- 
 cied Virgil alludes to this cuilom in a verfe that Turnus ffcaks, 
 
 Non
 
 494 Dialogues upon the Ufefalnefs 
 
 Non adco has exofa mantis Vi^oria fngit. Virg. yEn. Li. ii. 
 
 If you confent, he fliall not be refused, 
 
 Nor find a hand to Viftory unus'd. Mr. T>ryden. 
 
 The Emperor's (bnding in a Gown, and making a prefent of his T>acian 
 Vidory to the city of Rome^ agrees very well with Clattd'mn\ charader 
 of him. 
 
 . ■ viviuya ferettir 
 
 Xjloria Trajaui; non tarn quod, Tigride vilto, 
 
 Moftra triumphati fiierhtt provinaa 'Parthiy 
 
 Alt a quod invcBus ftratls capitolia Tracts : 
 
 ^am f atria quod mitis erat Claud, de ^to.CoVi{. Honor. 
 
 Thy glory, Trajan, fhall for-ever live : 
 
 Not that thy arms the Tigris mourn'd, o'ercome. 
 
 And tributary Tarthia bow'd to Rome, 
 
 Not that the Capitol receiv'd thy train 
 
 With fhouts of triumph for the "Daci flain: 
 
 But for thy mildnefs to thy country fliown. 
 
 The city of Rome carries the Wand in her hand that is the fymbol of 
 her Divinity. 
 
 T>elubrum Roma {col'tttir nam fangtiine ct tpfa 
 
 More Dea) Prudent, cont. Sym. L. i. 
 
 For Rome, a Goddefs too can boaft her fhrine. 
 With viftims flain'd, and fought with rites divine. 
 
 As the Globe under her feet betokens her dominion over all the nations 
 of the earth. 
 
 Terr arum TDea, Genttumque Roma ; 
 
 Oil far eft nihil, et nihil fecundnm. Mart. Li. ii. Epig. 8. 
 
 O Rome, thou Goddefs of the earth ! 
 To whom no rival e'er had birth; 
 Nor fecond e'er fliall rife. 
 
 The heap of arms flie fits on fignifies the Peace that the Emperor had 
 procured her. On old Coins we often fee an Emperor, a Victory, the 
 city of Rome, or a flave, fitting on a heap of arms, which always marks out 
 
 the
 
 of Ancient M e d A l s. 495 
 
 the Peace that arofe from fuch an aftion as gave occafion to the Medal. 
 I think we cannot doubt but Virgil copied out this circumltance from 
 the ancient Sculptors, in that inimitable defcription he has given us 
 of Military Fury Ihut up in the Temple of '"Jamiszx^di. loaden with chains. 
 
 Claudentur belli porta : Furor impius iiitns 
 
 Sava fedens fuper armay et centum viiiclus ahcnis 
 
 'Pojl tergum nodis^fremet horridus ore cruento. \ irg. vEn. Li. i. 
 
 Jafius himfelf before his fane fliall wait. 
 And keep the dreadful iflues of his gate, 
 With bolts and iron bars: within remains 
 Imprifon'd Fury, bound in brazen chains: 
 High on a Trophy rais'd of ufelefs arms- 
 He fits, and threats the world with dire alarms. Mr. 'Drydeji. 
 
 We are told by the old Scholiafl, fays Eugenius, that there was aftually 
 fuch a ftatue in the Temple of Janus as that Virgil has here defcribed, 
 which I am almoft apt to believe, finceyou alTure us that this part of the 
 defign is fo often met with on ancient Medals. But have you nothing 
 to remark on the figure of the Province? Her poflure, fays ^Pbilandcr^ 
 is what we often meet with in the flaves and captives of old Coins: 
 among the Poets too, fitting on the ground is a mark of Mifery or Cap- 
 tivity. 
 
 Multos ilia dies incomtis majla capillis 
 
 Seder at Propert. Li. i. 
 
 O utinam a?ite tuos fedeam captiva penates. Id. L. 4. 
 
 O might I fit a captive at thy gate I 
 
 You have the fame poflure in an old Coin that celebrates a victory of fig. 
 Lucius Verus over the Tarthians. The captive's hands are here bound 
 behind him, as a farther inibnce of his llavery. 
 
 Ecce manus juvenem ititerea pojl terga revitiBum, 
 
 Tajlores magna ad Regem clamore fcrebant. Virg. M.xs.. L. z. 
 
 Mean while, with fhouts, the 71>v//«« (hepherds bring 
 
 A captive Greek in bands before the King. Mr. T>ryden. 
 
 Cut dedft invitas vi£ta noverca manus. Ov. de Fall. 
 
 Cumrudis urgenti brachiavi^a dedi. Propert. Li. 4. 
 
 We
 
 49^ Dialogues upon the Ufefuhwfe 
 
 We may learn from Ovid that it was fometimes the cuflom to place a 
 ilave with his arms bound at the foot of the Trophy, as in the figure be- 
 fore us. 
 
 .S tent que fuper 'u'lnfios trunca tro^haa viros. Ov. Ep. exPontoL.4. 
 
 You fee on his head the cap which the Tarthians, and indeed molt; of 
 the eaftern nations, wear on Medals. They had not probably the cere- 
 mony of veiling the Bonnet in their falutations, for in Medals they {till 
 have it on their heads, whether they are before Emperors or Generals, 
 kneeling, fitting, or Handing. Martial has diilinguilhcd them by this cap 
 ,as their chief charadleriftic. 
 
 Frtifira blanditice vcnitis ad me 
 
 At tr it is miftrabiles la be His., 
 
 "IDiilurns dominum, deumque non fum : 
 
 Jam non eft locus hdc in urbe vobis. 
 
 Ad Tarthos p'ocul ite pileatos, 
 
 Et turves., humilefqiie fupplicefque 
 
 Ti^orumfola bajiate regiim. Mart. Epig. 71. Li, 10, 
 
 In vain, mean flatteries, ye trie. 
 To gnaw the lip, and fall the eye ; 
 No man a God or Lord I name : ' 
 
 From Romans far be fuch a fliame ! 
 Go teach the fupple Tarthian how 
 To veil the Bonnet on his brow: 
 Or on the ground all proflrate fling 
 Some Ti^^ before his barbarous King. 
 
 I cannot hear, fays Cynthio, without a kind of indignation, the fatyrical 
 refleftions that Martial has made on the memory of T)omitian. It is 
 certain fo ill an Emperor deferved all the reproaches that could be heap- 
 ed upon him, but he could not deferve them of Martial. I muft con- 
 fefs I am lefs fcandalifed at the flatteries the Epigrammatifl paid him 
 living, than the ingratitude he fhowed him dead. A man may be betra}^- 
 ed into the one by an over-ftrained complaifance,or by a temper extreme- 
 ly fenfible of favours and obligations : whereas the other can arife from 
 nothing but a natural bafenefs and villany of foul. It does not always 
 happen, fays Thilander^ that the Poet and the honeft man meet toge- 
 ther in the fame perfon. I think we need enlarge no farther on this Me- 
 dal,
 
 of Ancient Medals. 497 
 
 dal, unlefs you have a mind to compare the Trophy on it with that of 
 Mezentius in Virgil. 
 
 Ingentem quercum decijis undique ramis 
 
 Conftituit tumulOy fulgentiaque induit arma^ 
 
 Mezenti ducis exuvias ; tibiy magne^ tropatimy 
 
 Bellipotens : aft at rorantes fanguine crijias, 
 
 Telaque trunca viri, et bis Jfex thoracapetitunt 
 
 Terfojfumque locis ; clypeumqiie ex are Jintftra 
 
 SubligaP, atque enfem collo Jujpendit eburnum. Virg.iEn.Li. ii. 
 
 He bar'd an ancient Oak of all her boughs : 
 
 Then on a rifmg ground the trunk he plac'd ; 
 
 Which with the fpoils of his dead foe he grac'd. 
 
 The coat of arms by proud Mezentius worn. 
 
 Now on a naked Snag in triumph born. 
 
 Was hung on high; and glitter'd from afar; 
 
 A trophy facred to the God of war. 
 
 Above his arms, fix'd on the leaflefs wood, 
 
 Appear'd his plumy creft, befmear'd with blood ; 
 
 His brazen buckler on the left was feen ; 
 
 Trunchions of ihiver'd lances hung between : 
 
 And on the right was plac'd his Corflet, bor'd. 
 
 And to the neck was ty'd his unavailing fword. Mr. 'Dryden. 
 
 On the next Medal you fee the Peace that Vefpajian procured the Em- ^'S i*- 
 pire after having happily finifhed all its wars both at home and abroad. 
 The woman with the olive-branch in her hand is the figure of Teace. 
 
 -pignora Tacis 
 
 Tratendens dextrd ramum canentis oliva. Sil. It. Li. 3. 
 
 With the other hand fhe thrufts a lighted torch under a heap of armour 
 that lies by an Altar. This alludes to a cuftom among the ancient Ro~ 
 tnans of gathering up the armour that lay fcattered on the field of battle, 
 and burning it as an offering to one of their Deities. It is to this cuUom 
 that Virgil refers, and Silius Italicus has defcribed at large. 
 
 ^lalis eram cum primam acietn 'Pr/enejie fub ipsa 
 
 Stravi, fciitorumque incendi vi£lor acervos. \'irg. i5£n. Li. 8. 
 
 Vol. I. Sff Such
 
 /(.pS Dialogues upon the Uefulnefs 
 
 Such as I was beneath 'Pr^nefles WJtlls ; 
 
 Then when I made the foremoft foes retire, 
 
 And fet whole heaps of conquer'd fhields on fire. Mr. T>ryden, 
 
 Aft tibi, Bellipotens^ Sacrum^, conftruBiis acervo 
 
 Ingent't mons armorum confurgit ad aftra: 
 
 If/e manu celfam pinum^ fiammde[ue comantem. 
 
 yitto liens, duEior Gradivtim in vota ciebat : 
 
 Trim'ttias pugna, et lat't libamina belli, 
 
 Hannibal Atifonio cremat hac de nomine viBor. 
 
 Et tibi. Mars genitor^ votoriim hand fur de meorunty 
 
 Arma ele^a die at Jpirantum turba virornm. 
 
 Turn face conjeEfdj^opjilatm' fervidus ignis 
 
 Flagrant em molem; et ruptd caligine, in auras 
 
 A6ius apex claro perfundit Itmiine campas. Sil. It, Li. ic 
 
 To thee the Warrior-Godl, aloft in air 
 
 A mountain-pile of Roman arms they rear : 
 
 The Gen'ral grafping in his Vidor hand 
 
 A pine of (lately growth, he wav'd the brand, * 
 
 And cry'd, O Mars! to thee devote I yield 
 
 Thefe choice firll-fruits of Horwur's purple field. 
 
 Join'd with the partners of my toil and praife, 
 
 Thy Hannibal this vow'd oblation pays ; 
 
 Grateful to thee for Latian laurels won : 
 
 Accept this homage, and abfolve thy fon. 
 
 Then, to the pile the flaming torch he toil; 
 In fmould'ring fmoke the light of Heav'n is loft:- 
 But when the fire increafe of fury gains. 
 The blaze of Glory gilds the diftant plains. 
 
 As for the heap of Arms, and mountain of Arms, that the Pbet men- 
 tions, you may fee them on two Coins of Marcus Aurelius. De Sar- 
 ^'g-fioMATis and be Germanis allude perhaps to the form of words 
 that might be ufed at the fetting fire to them. — Aufonio de nomine. Thofe 
 who will not allow of the interpretation I have put on thefe two laft 
 Medals may think it an objeftion that there is no torch or fire near them 
 to fignifie any fuch allufion. But they may confider that on feveral Im- 
 perial Coins we meet with the figure of a funeral pile, without any thing 
 to denote the burning of it, though indeed there is on fome of them a 
 
 Flam-
 
 of Ancient Medals. 499 
 
 Flambeau flicking out on each fide, to let us know it was to be con- 
 fumed to alhes. 
 
 You have been fo intent on the burning of the Arms, fays Cynthio^thzt 
 you have forgotten the Pillar on your i8th Medal. You may find the 
 hiflory of it, fays Thtlander^ in Ovid de Faftis. It was from this Pillar 
 that the fpear was toffed at the opening of a war, for which reafon the 
 little figure on the top of it holds a fpear in its hand, and Teace turns 
 her back upon it. 
 
 'Projpicit a templo fiimmum brevis area, C'trcum: 
 
 Eft ib'i non parva farva coltimna not£ : 
 Hinc folet bafta manUy belli pranuncia^ mitti% 
 
 In regent et gentes cum placet arma capi. Ov. de faft Li. 6. 
 
 Where the high Fane the ample Cirque commands 
 A httle, but a noted pillar flands, 
 From hence, when Rome the diflant Kings defies, 
 In form the war-denouncing Javelin flies. 
 
 The different interpretations that have been made on the next Medal Fig. 21. 
 feem to be forced and unnatural. I will therefore give you my own o- 
 pinion of it. The vefTel is here reprefented as ftranded. The figure 
 before it feems to come in to its affif tance, and to hft it off the fliallows ; 
 for we fee the water fcarce reaches up to the knees, and though it is the 
 figure of a man flanding on firm ground. His attendants, and the good 
 office he is employed upon, refemble thofe the Poets often attribute to 
 Neptune. Homer tells us, that the Whales leaped up at their God's ap- 
 proach, as we fee in the Medal. The two fmall figures that fland naked 
 among the waves are Sea-Deities of an inferiour rank, who are fuppo- 
 fed to afTifl their Sovereign in the fuccour he gives the diflreffed velTel. 
 
 Cyniothoe, Jimul et Triton adnixus acuto 
 
 'DetmduKt naves fcopulo \ levat ipfe tridenti^ 
 
 Et vaftas aperit jyrtes^ et temperat aquor. Virg. iEn.Li. i. 
 
 Cymotho'i'y Triton^ and the fea-green train 
 
 Of beauteous Nymphs, the daughters of the main. 
 
 Clear from the rocks the veffels with their hands ; 
 
 The God himfelf with ready trident flands,. 
 
 And opes the deep, and fpreads the moving fands. Mr. Drjden- 
 
 S f f X Tht?
 
 500 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Jam flacid'is rath extat aquisy quam gurgite ab mo 
 
 Et Thetis, et magnts Nereus focer erigit ulnis. Val. Flac. Li. i. 
 
 The interpreters of this Medal have miftaken thefe two figures for the 
 reprefentation of two perfons that are drowning. But as they are both 
 naked and drawn in a pofture rather of triumphing o'er the waves than 
 of finking under them, fo we fee abundance of Water-Deities on other 
 Medals reprefented after the fame manner, 
 
 Ite T)ea virides, liqutdofque advertite vnltusy 
 Et vitreum teneris crinem redimite corymb'tSy 
 Vefte nihil te£fa: quale s emer gifts alt is 
 Fontibusy et vifu Satyros torquetis amantes. 
 
 Statius de Balneo Etrufci. Lib. i. 
 
 Hafte, hafte, ye Naiads ! with attraftive art 
 New charms to ev'ry native grace impart.- 
 With op'ning tlourets bind your fea- green hair, 
 Unveil'd; and naked let your limbs appear: 
 So from the fprings the Satyrs fee you rife,. 
 And drink eternal paffion at their eyes. 
 
 After having thus far cleared our way to the Medal, I take the thought 
 of the reverfe to be this. The flranded veflel is the Commonwealth of 
 Rome, that by the tyranny of 'Domitian, and the infolence of the 'Frato- 
 rian Guards under Nerva, was quite run aground and in danger of pe- 
 rilhing. Some of thofe embarked in it endeavour at her recovery, but 
 it is Trajan that by the adoption of Nerva ftems the tide to her relief, 
 and like another Neptune fhoves her off the quick-fands. Your Device, 
 fays Etigenius, hangs very well together ; but is not it liable to the fame 
 exceptions that you made us lall night to fuch explications as have no- 
 thing but the writers imagination to fupport them ? To ihew you, fays 
 Thilander, that the conflru6lion I put on this Medal is conformable to 
 the fancies of the old Romans, you may obferve, that Horace reprefents 
 at length the Commonwealth of Rome under the figure of a fhip, in the 
 Allegory that you meet with in the fourteenth Ode of his firll book. 
 
 O Navis, referent in mare te novi 
 
 Fln5fus. ■ 
 
 And Ihall the raging waves again 
 
 Bear thee back into the main? Mr, Creech. 
 
 Nor
 
 of Ancient Medals. 501 
 
 Nor was any thing more ufual than to reprefent a God in the fliape and 
 drefs of an Emperor. 
 
 'Ape Ilea cuperent te fcribere cera^ 
 Oftajfetque novo Jimilem te fonere templo 
 Atticus Ele't fen'tor Jovis ; et tua m'ttis 
 Ora Tar as : tua Jldereas imitantia fiammas 
 Luminaj co?item£to mallet Rhodes afpera Thabo. 
 
 Statius de Equo Domitiani Syl. i. 
 
 Now had Apelles liv'd, he'd fue to grace 
 His glowing Tablets with thy godlike face : 
 'Phidias., a Sculptor for the Pow'rs above ! 
 Had wiih'd to place thee with his Iv'ry Jove. 
 Rhodes^ and Tarejitunt^ that with Pride furvey. 
 The Thund'rer This, and That the God of day ; 
 Each fam'd Colojfus wou'd exchange for Thee, 
 And own thy form the lovelieft of the three. 
 
 For the thought in general, you have juft the fame metaphorical compli- 
 ment to Theodojius in Claudian, as the Medal here makes to Trajan. 
 
 Nulla relief a foret Romani nominis umbra^ 
 Ni pater ille tuus jam] am ruitura Jubijfet 
 Tofidera, turbatamque ratem, certdqiie levajfet 
 
 Naufragium commune manu. 
 
 Claudian. de ^o Conf. Honorii. 
 
 Had not thy Sire deferr'd th' impending fate, 
 And with his folid virtue prop'd the flate ; 
 Sunk in ObUvion's Ihade, the name of Rome., 
 An empty name! had fcarce furviv'd her doom: 
 Half-wreck'd fhe was, 'till his aufpicious hand 
 Refum'd the rudder, and regain'd the land. 
 
 I fhall only add, that this Medal was ftamped in honour of Trajan., when 
 he was only Cafar^ as appears by the face of it ... . sari Trai ano. 
 
 The next is a reverfe of Marcus Aurelius. VVe have on it a Minerva Fig. 2i. 
 mounted on a monfter, that Aufinius defcribes in the following verfes. 
 
 Ilia ctiam Thalamos per trina anigmata qnarens 
 §lui bipesj et quadrupes foret., et tripes omnia folus\ 
 
 Terrnit
 
 502 Dialogu:es upon the Ufefulnefi 
 
 Terruit Aoniam Voiucris^ Leo^ Virgo; triformls 
 Sphinx, volucris fennis, fedibus fera, fronte puella. 
 
 To form the monfter Sphinx^ a triple kind, 
 
 Man, bird, and bead, by nature were combin'd : 
 
 With feather'd fans flie wing'd th' aerial fpace ; 
 
 And on her feet the Lion-claws difgrace 
 
 The bloomy features of a Virgin-face. 
 
 O'er pale Aonia pannic horror ran, 
 
 "While in myfterious fpeech flie thus began : 
 
 *' What animal, when yet the Morn is new, 
 
 « Walks on Four legs infirm ; at Noon on Two : 
 
 " But day declining to the weitern skies, 
 
 ■** He needs a Third ; a Third the Night fupplies? 
 
 The monfter, fays Cynthio^ is a Sphinx, but for her meaning on this Me- 
 dal, I am not OEdipus enough to unriddle it. I muft confefs, fays Thi- 
 lander, the Poets fail me in this particular. There is however a paflage 
 in Taufanias that I will repeat to you, though it is in profe, fmce I 
 know no body elfe that has explained the Medal by it. The Athenians, 
 fays he, drew a Sphinx on the armour of Tallas^ by reafon of theftrength 
 and fagacity of this animal. The Sphinx therefore fignifies the fame as 
 Minerva herfelf, who was the Goddefs of arms as well as wifdom, and 
 defcribes the Emperor as one of the Poets expreiTes it, 
 
 Stiidiis fiorentem ntriufque Minerva. 
 
 Whom both Minerva s boaft t' adopt their own. 
 
 The Romans joined both devices together, to make the emblem the 
 more fignificant, as indeed they could not too much extol the learning 
 and military virtues of this excellent Emperor, who was the bed Philo- 
 fopher and the greateft General of his Age. 
 
 p. , We will clofe up this Series of Medals with one that was damped 
 
 ^' under Tiberius to the memory of Aiiguftus. Over his head you fee the 
 
 itar that his father Julius Ctefar was fuppofed to have been changed into. 
 
 Ecce Dionai ^rocejjit Cafaris aftrum. Virg. Eel. 9. 
 
 See, Ctefar's lamp is lighted in the skies. ' Mr. Tiryden. 
 
 micat
 
 of Ancient Medals. 503 
 
 ■micat inter omnis 
 
 Jnlinm fidns, vehit inter ignes 
 
 Lima minores. Hor. 
 
 -JvUus Ctefar's light appears 
 
 As, in fair nights and fmiling skies, 
 
 The beauteous Moon amidil the meaner ftars. Mr. Creech, 
 
 Vix eafatus eraty media eiim fede fenatus 
 
 Conjiitit alma Venus., milli cernenda, fuique 
 
 C a far is eriptit membrisy nee in a'era folvi 
 
 Tajfa recentem animam, coeleftibns intulit aftris. 
 
 'Dtpnque tuUt lumen cafere at que ignefcere fenjit, 
 
 Rml/itque Jlnu : Lund evolat altius illuy 
 
 Flammiferumque trahens Jpatiofo limit e crinem^ 
 
 Strlla. micat. Ov. MtX. Li. i$. 
 
 This fpoke ; the Goddefs to the Senate flew ; 
 
 W here, her fair form conceal'd from mortal view, 
 
 Her Cafars heav'nly part fhe made her care. 
 
 Nor left the recent Soul to wafte to air ; 
 
 But bore it upwards to its native skies: 
 
 Glowing with new-born fires fhe faw it rife ; 
 
 Forth fpringing from her bofom up it flew. 
 
 And kindhng, as it foar'd, a Comet grew ; 
 
 Above the lunar Sphere it took its flight. 
 
 And fhot behind it a long trail of light. Mr. JVelJled. 
 
 Virgil draws the fame figure of Auguftus on JEneas's fliield as we fee on 
 this Medal. The Commentators tell us, that the ftar was engraven on 
 Auguftus\ helmet, but we may be fure Virgil means fuch a figure of the 
 Emperor as he ufed to be reprefented by in the Roman fculpture, and 
 fuch a one as we may fuppofe this to be that we have before us. 
 
 Hinc Auguftus agens Italos in pralia Ctsfar^ 
 
 Cum fatribus, fopuloqucy T'enatibuSy et magnis 'Diisy 
 
 Stans eels a in f up ft; geminas cui temporajlammas 
 
 Lata vomtrnt, patriumque aperitur vertice Jldus. Virg../En. Li. 8. 
 
 Young Cafar on the ftern in armour bright. 
 Here leads the Romans^ and the Gods, to fight: 
 
 His
 
 504 Dialogues upon the Ufeftdnefs 
 
 His beamy cemples flioot their flames afar ; 
 
 And o'er his head is hung the Julian ftar. Mr. 'Drydeu 
 
 The thunderbolt that hes by him is a mark of his Apotheofis, that makes 
 him as it were a companion of Jupiter. Thus the Poets of his own 
 age that deified him hving. 
 
 ^ivifum Imperitim cum Jove Cafar habet. Virg- 
 
 Hie focium fummo aim Jove numen habet. Ov, 
 
 regit Augufius focio per Jigtta Tenant e. Manil. Li. r. 
 
 Sed tibi debet ur caelum, te fulmine pollens, 
 
 Accipiet cufidi Regia magna Jovis. Ov. de Augufto ad Liviam. 
 
 He wears on his head the Corona P.adiata, which at that time was another 
 type of his Divinity. The fpikes that fhoot out from the crown were to 
 reprefent the rays of the Sun. There were twelve of them, in allufion to 
 the Signs of the Zodiac. It is this kind of crown that Virgil defcribes. 
 
 ingenti mole Latinus 
 
 ^ladrijugo vehitur currn, cut tempora circiim 
 
 Aurati bis fex radii fulgentia cingnnt, 
 
 Solis avi Jpecimen. Virg. yEn. Lib.ii. 
 
 Four deeds the chariots of Latinus bear : 
 
 Twelve golden beams around his temples play. 
 
 To mark his lineage- from the God of day. Mr. T>ryden. 
 
 Jig. 24. If you would know why the corona radiata is a reprefentation of the 
 Sun, you may fee it in the figure of Apollo on the next reverfe, where 
 his head is encompafTed with fuch an arch of glory as Ovid and Statins 
 mention, that might be put on and taken off at pleafure. 
 
 • at gen i tor circum caput omne mic antes 
 
 T)epofuit radios Ovid. Met. Lib. i. 
 
 The tender Sire was touch'd with what he faid, 
 And flung the blaze of glories from his head. 
 
 hnpofuitcjue coma radios Ibid, 
 
 Then fix'd his beamy circle on his head. 
 
 ■ licet ignipednm franator equorum 
 
 Tpfe tuis alte radiant em criuibus arcnm 
 
 Imprimat — Statius. Theb. Lib. i. ad Domitianum. 
 
 Tho'
 
 of Ancient Medals. 505 
 
 Tho' Thcebus longs to mix his rays with thine, 
 
 And in thy glories more ferenely ihine. Mr. To^ig. 
 
 In h:« right hand he holds the whip with which he is fuppofed to drive 
 the horfes of the Sun : as in a pretty paflage of Ovid^ that feme of his 
 editors muft needs fancy fpurious. 
 
 CoUigit arnentes, et adhuc t error c paventesy 
 
 Tboeius equos, Jlimuloqne dolens et verbere fevit : 
 
 Savit enimj natnmque objeCfat^ et imputat iUis, Ov, Met.Lib.z, 
 
 Prevail'd upon at length, again he took 
 The harnefs'd fleeds, that Hill with horrour fhook. 
 And plies 'em with the lalh, and whips 'em on. 
 And, as he whips, upbraids 'em with his fon. 
 
 The double-pointed dart in his left hand is an emblem of his beams, that 
 pierce through fuch an infinite depth of air, and enter into the very 
 bowels of the earth. Accordingly Lucretius calls them the darts of the 
 day, as Aufon'tus to make a fort of witticifm has followed his example. 
 
 Non radii folisy neque lucida tela 'Diei. Lucr. 
 
 Exultant uda fuper arida faxa rapina., 
 Luciferique pavent letalia tela THei. 
 
 de pifcibus captis. Auf. Eid. lo. 
 
 Caligo terra fcinditur^ 
 
 Tercujfa folis fpiculo. Prud. Hym. 2. 
 
 I have now given you a fample of fuch emblematical Medals as are un- 
 riddled by the Latin Poets, and have fliown feveral palTages in the Latin 
 Poets that receive an illuftration from Medals. Some of the Coins we 
 have had before us have not been explained by others, as many of them 
 have been explained in a different manner. There are indeed others that 
 have had very near the fame explication put upon them, but as this expli- 
 cation has been fupported by no authority, it can at beil be looked upon 
 but as a probable conjecture. It is certain, fays Eugeniusy there cannot 
 be any more authentic illufhations of Roman Medals, efpecially of thole 
 that are full of fancy, than fuch as are drawn out of the Latin Poets. 
 For as there is a great affinity between Defigning and Poetry, fo the Latin 
 Poets, and the Defigners of the Roman Medals, lived very near one ano- 
 ther, were acquainted with the fame culloms, converfant with the fame 
 
 Vol. I. T t t objeds.
 
 ^o6 Dialogues upon the Ufefiilnefs 
 
 objefts, and bred up to the fame relidi for wit and fancy. But who 
 are the Ladies that we are next to examine ? Thefe are, fays Tb'ilander^ 
 fo many Cities, Nations and Provinces that prefent themfelves to you un- 
 der the fliape of women. What you take for a fine Lady at firft fight, 
 when you come to look into her will prove a town, a country, or one 
 of the four parts of the world. In fhort, you have now Afric^ Spain, 
 France^ Italy\ and feveral other nations of the eai-th before you. This 
 is one of the pleafanteft Maps, fays Cynthio^ that I ever faw. Your Geo- 
 graphers now and then fancy a country like a Leg or a Head, a Bear or 
 a Dragon, but I never before faw them reprefented like women. I could 
 not have thought your mountains, feas and promontories could have made 
 up an affembly of fuch well-fliaped perlons. This therefore, fays Thi- 
 lander, is a Geography particular to the Mcdallifl:s. The Poets however 
 have fometimes given into it, and furnifh us with very good lights for 
 
 ^hird ti^e explication of it. The firft Lady you fee on the Lill is Africa. She 
 
 Frg'i'. carries an Elephant's tootii by her fide. 
 
 'T)entihus ex illis qtios mittit porta Syenes, 
 
 Et Mauri celeres, et Mauro obfcurior Indus : 
 
 Et auos depoftiit Nabatbao bellua faltu^ 
 
 Jam nimios, capitique graves Juv. Sat. ii. 
 
 She is always quoiff'd with the head of an Elephant, to fliow that this 
 animal is the breed of that country, as for the fame reafon flie has a Dra- 
 gon lying at her feet. 
 
 Uutc 'Vdrias pejles, diver faque membra ferarumy 
 
 ConceJJit bellis nattira iufefta futuris ; 
 
 Horrendos angues^ habitataque membra veneno, 
 
 Et mortis partus., viventia crimina terra ; 
 
 Et vajlos Elephantes babet^ favofque Leones^ 
 
 In poenas facunda fuas., parit horrida tellus. 
 
 Manil. Lib. 4. de Africa. 
 
 Here Nature, angry with mankind, prepares 
 
 Strange monfters, inftruments of future wars ; 
 
 Here^Snakes, thofe Cells of poyfon, take their birth, 
 
 Thofe living crimes and grievance of the earth ; 
 
 Fruitful in its own plagues, the defart ihore 
 
 Hears Elephants, and frightful Ligns roar, Mr. Creech. 
 
 Lwan
 
 of Ancient Medals. 507 
 
 Lucan in his defcription of the feveral noxious animals of this country, 
 mentions in particular the flying Dragon that we fee on this Medal. 
 
 Vos qtioque., qui cundiis innoxia numina terris 
 
 Serptis^ aurato nitidi fulgore dracones, 
 
 'Pejliferos ardens facit Africa : due it is altum 
 
 Aera, cum pennisy armentaque tota fectiti 
 
 Rumpitis ingentes amplexi verbere tnuros. 
 
 Nee tutus fpatio eft Elephas. datis omnia letho : 
 
 Nee vobis opus eft ad jioxia fata veneno. Luc. Lib. 9. 
 
 And you, ye Dragons ! of the fcaly race, 
 
 Whom glittering gold and fhining armours grace, 
 
 In other nations ^armlefs are you found. 
 
 Their guardian Trenii and Proteftors own'd ; 
 
 In Afric only arc you fatal ; there. 
 
 On wide- expanded wings, fublime you recj 
 
 Your dreadful forms, and drive the yielding air. 
 
 The lowing Kine in droves you chace, and cull 
 
 Some malter of the herd, fome mighty Bull : 
 
 Around his ilubborn fides your tails you twift, 
 
 By force comprel's, and burft his brawny chefl. 
 
 Not Llephants are by their larger iiae 
 
 Secure, but with the reft become your prize. 
 
 Refiftlefs in your Might, you all invade, 
 
 And for deftruftion need not poilbn's aid. Mr. Ro*we. 
 
 The Bull that appears on the other fide of the Dragon, fhows us that 
 Afric abounds in agriculture. 
 
 tibi habe frumentum, Alledius inquit., 
 
 O Libyc^ disjunge bovesy dum tubera mittas. Juv. Sat. 5-. 
 
 No more plough up the ground 
 
 O Libya, where fuch mufhrooms can be found, 
 
 Alledius cries, but furnilh us with ftore 
 
 Of mufhrooms, and import thy corn no more. Mr. Bowles. 
 
 This part of the world has always on Medals fomething to denote her 
 wonderful fruitfulnefs, as it was indeed the great granary q{ Italy. In the 
 two following figures, the handful of wheat, the Cornu-copia., and basket 
 of corn, are all emblems of the fame fignification. 
 
 Ttt2 Sed
 
 §oS Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Sed qua fe campis fqualentibus Africa tendit^ 
 
 Serpenttim largo coquitur facunda veneno : 
 
 Felix qua pngues mitis flaga temper at agros ; 
 
 Nee Cerere Ennad^ Thario nee viBa colono. Sil. It. Lib, r. 
 
 Frumenti quantum metit Africa Hor. Sat. 3. Lib. ^. 
 
 fi^^^'^^ mirantur Iberas 
 
 Horrea ; nee Libya fenferunt damna rebellis 
 Jam tranfalpind contenti mejfe ^irites. 
 
 Claud, in Eutrop. Lib. i. 
 
 P'S "• The Lion on the fecond Medal marks her out for the 
 
 — Leonum 
 
 Arida nutrix. Hor. 
 
 ^'S 3- The Scorpion on the third is another of her produftions, as Lucan men- 
 tions it in particular, in the long catalogue of her venomous animals. 
 
 ■ quis fata put aret 
 
 Scorpion, aut vires matura mortis habere"^ 
 
 Ilk minax nodis, et reBo verbere favus^ 
 
 Tefie tulit coelo viBi decus Orionis. Luc. Lib. 9. 
 
 Who, that the Scorpion's infeft form furveys. 
 
 Would think that ready Death his call obeys? 
 
 Threat'ning he rears his knotty tail on high, 
 
 The vaft Orioji thus he doom'd to die, 
 
 And fix'd him, his proud trophy, in the sky. ^ y[x. Rowe. 
 
 The three figures you have here fliown us, fays Eugenius, give me an 
 idea of a defcription or two in Claudian, that I mult confefs I did not 
 before know what to make of. They reprefent Africa in the fliape of a 
 woman, and certainly allude to the corn and head-drefs that Ihe wears on 
 old Coins. 
 
 mediis apparet in ajlris 
 
 Africa, refcijfa vefles, et fpicea pajjim 
 
 Serta jacent, lacero crinales vert ice denies, 
 
 Et fraBum pen de bat ebtir Qaud. de Bel. Gild, 
 
 Next Afric, mounting to the blefl Abodes, 
 
 Penfive approach'd the Synod of the Gods : 
 
 No arts of drefs the weeping Dame adorn j 
 
 Her garments rent, and wheaten garlands torn : The
 
 of Ancient Medals. 509 
 
 The fillets, grac'd with teeth in Ivory rows, 
 Broke and diforder'd dangle on her brows. 
 
 Turn Jpicis et dente comas illuftris ebiirno^ 
 Et calido rubicunda dk^ Jic Africa fatur. 
 
 Claud, dc Conf. Stil. Lib. x. 
 
 I think, fays Thilander^ there is no queftion but the Poet has copied out 
 in his defcription the figure that Africa made in ancient fculpture and 
 painting. The next before us is Egypt. Her basket of wheat fliows us Fig. 4. 
 the great fruitfulnefs of the country, which is caufed by the inundations 
 of the Kile. 
 
 Syrtibus bine Libycis tuta eft Aigyftns .• at inde 
 
 Gurgite fepteno rapidus mare fummovet amnis : 
 
 Terra fiiis contenta bonis^ non indiga mercis^ 
 
 Aut Jovis ; in folo tanta eft fiducia Nib. Luc. Lib. 8, 
 
 By Nature ftrengthned with a dang'rous flrand. 
 
 Her Syrts and untry'd channels guard the land. 
 
 Rich in the fatnefs of her plenteous foil, 
 
 She plants her only confidence in Nile. Mr. Rowe. 
 
 The inftrument in her hand is the Siftrtim of the Egyptians, made ufe of 
 m the worfhip of the Goddefs Jfts, 
 
 Nilotic a Jiftris 
 
 Rip a fonat Claud, de ^,to Conf. Honor. 
 
 On Medals you fee it in the hand o'i Egypt., of //at, or any of her Wor- 
 fhippers. The Poets too make the fame ufe of it, as Virgil has placed it 
 in Ckopatra\ hand, to dillinguifh her from an Egyptian. 
 
 Regina in mediis patrio vocat agmina Jiftro. Virg. Ri^. Lib. 8. 
 
 The Queen her felf, amidfl the loud alarms, 
 
 With Cymbals tofs'd,her fainting foldiers warms. Mr. Dry den. 
 
 reftabant Aiiia bella. 
 
 At que ipfa Iftaco certdrmt fulmina fiftro. Manil. Lib. i. 
 
 imitataque Lunam 
 
 Cornua fulfermit, crepidtque finabile Jiftrum. 
 ^ de Ifide. Ov. Met. Lib. 9. 
 
 The
 
 5IO Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 -The lunar horns, that bind 
 
 Luc. Lib. 8. 
 
 The brows of IJis^ caft a blaze around ; 
 
 The trembling Timbrel made a murm'ring found. Mr. *\Dryden. 
 
 ^I'td tua nnnc IJis tibi, T>elia ? quid m'thi profunt 
 Ilia tud toties ara repulfa manu ? Tib. Lib. i. El, 3. 
 
 Nos in templa, tuam Romana accepimtis IJln^ 
 Semideofque canes., et fijira jubentia lu£lus. 
 
 Have we with honours dead O^ris crown'd, 
 
 And mourn'd him to the Timbrel's tinkling found ? 
 
 Receiv'd her Ifts to divine abodes. 
 
 And rank'd her dogs deform'd, with Roman Gods ? Mr. Rowe. 
 
 The bird before her is the Egyptian Ibis. This figure however does 
 not reprefent the living bird, but rather an idol of it, as one may guefs 
 by the pedeilal it Hands upon, for the Egyptians worshipped it as a God. 
 
 Quis fiefcity Voluji Bithynice^ quaiia demens 
 JEgypttis portent a colat ? crocodilon adorat 
 Tars haCj ilia pavet faturam ferpentibus Ibin ; 
 Ejjigies facri nitet aurea Circopitheci. 
 
 How Egypt., mad with fuperftition grown. 
 Makes Gods of monflers, but too well is known : 
 - One feft devotion to Nile\ ferpent pays ; 
 Others to Ibis^ that on ferpcnts preys. 
 Where, Thebes., thy hundred gates lie unrepair'd. 
 And where maim'd Memnon's magick harp is heard, 
 Where thefe are mould'ring left, the fots combine 
 With pious care a Monkey to enllirine. 
 
 Venerem precaris 7 comprecare et Simiam. 
 
 Tlacet facratus a/pis jEfculapii? 
 
 Crocodilus^ Ibis et Canes cur difplicent ? Prudentius. Pas. i. Romani. 
 
 Fig J. W^e have Mauritania on the fifth Medal, leading a horfe with fome- 
 thing like a thread, for where there is a bridle in old Coins you fee it 
 much more diftinftly. In her other hand flie holds a fwitch. We have 
 the defign of this Medal in the following defcriptions that celebrate the 
 Moors and Numidiansy Inhabitants of Mauritania^ for their horfeman- 
 lliip. 
 
 Juv. Sat. 15-, 
 
 Mr. Tate,
 
 of Ancient Medals. 511 
 
 Hie pajjlm exjdtant Numid/fy gens infcia fraui: 
 
 ^eis inter geminas per ludum mobilis aures 
 
 ^adrupedum fleEiit non cedens virga lupatis : 
 
 Altrix bellorum bellatorumque viroruntf 
 
 Tellus Sil. It. Li. i. 
 
 On his hot Steed, unus'd to curb or rein, 
 The black Numidian prances o'er the plain : 
 A wand betwixt his ears direfls the courfe. 
 And as a bridle turns th' obedient horfe. 
 
 an Mauri fremitum raucofque repnlfus 
 
 Umbonum et nojiros pajfuri^ comminus enfes? 
 
 Non contra clypeis te^os, galeifque micantes 
 
 Ibitis ; in folis tonge fiducia telis. 
 
 Exarmattis erit, cum mijfile torferit^ hoftis. 
 
 1)extra mozei iaculum^pratentat pallia lava., 
 
 Cat era nudus £(fies\ fonipes ignartis habena : 
 
 Virga regit t non u I la. fides ^ mm agminis or do ; 
 
 Arma oneri. Claud, de Bel. Gildcn.. 
 
 Can Moors fuftain the prefs, in clofe-fought fields. 
 Of Ihorten'd Fauchions, and repelling fhields? 
 Againft a hofl of quiv'ring fpears ye go. 
 Nor helm nor buckler guards the naked foe ; 
 The naked foe, who vainly trufts his art. 
 And flings away his armour in his dart : 
 His dart the right hand fhakes, the left uprears 
 His robe, beneath his tender skin appears. 
 Their Steeds un-rein'd, obey the horfeman's wand. 
 Nor know their legions when to march, or ftand : 
 In the war's dreadful laws untaught and rude, 
 A mob of men, a martial multitude. 
 
 The Horfe too may Hand as an emblem of the warlike genius of the 
 people. 
 
 Bella armantur Equi, bella hac armenta minantur. Virg. ^n. Li. 3 
 
 From Africa we will crofs over into Spain. There are learned Me- f;, ^. 
 dallifts that tell us, the Rabbet which you fee before her feet, may fignifie 
 either the great multitude of thefe Animals that are found in Spain., or 
 
 perhaps 
 
 \
 
 512 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 perhaps the feveral mines that are wrought within the bowels of that 
 country, the Latin word Cnniculus fignifying either a Rabbet or a Mine. 
 But thefe Gentlemen do not confider, that it is not the Word but the Fi- 
 gure that appears on the Medal. Omiculns may ftand for a Rabbet or a 
 Mine, but the pidure of a Rabbet is not the pidure of a Mine. A pun 
 can be no more engraven than it can be tranllated. When the word is 
 conftrued into its idea the double meaning vanifhes. The figure there- 
 fore before us means a real Rabbet, which is there found in vatt multi- 
 tudes. 
 
 Cuntculofa Celtiberia fili. Catul. in Egnatium. 
 
 The Olive-branch tells us, it is a country that abounds in Olives, as it is 
 for this reafon that Claudian in his defcription of S^ain binds an Olive- 
 branch about her head. 
 
 glaucis turn prima Minerva 
 
 Nexacomam foliis^fnlvdque intexta micantem 
 
 Vejie Tagiimy tales prof ert Hijpania voces. Claud, de Laud. Stil. Li. 2. 
 
 Thus Spain, whofe brows the olive wreaths infold, 
 And o'er her robe a Tagus itreams in gold. 
 
 Martial has given us the like figure of one of the greatefl rivers in Spain. 
 
 Boetis oliviferd crinem redimite corona, 
 
 Aurea qui nitidis vellera tingis aquis : 
 ^em Bromius quern T alias amat— Mar. Li. 11.Ep.99. 
 
 Fair Boetis .' Olives wreath thy azure locks ; 
 In fleecy gold thou cloath'fl the neighb'ring flocks : 
 Thy fruitful banks with rival-bounty fmile, . 
 While Bacchus wine bellows, and Talks oil. 
 
 And Trudentitis of one of its eminent towns. 
 
 Tu decern fan6ios revehes et o£fo, 
 Cafar Augujia fiudiofa Chrifti, 
 Verticem flavis oleis revinBa 
 
 Tacis honore. Prudent. Hymn. 4. 
 
 fig. 7. France, you fee, has a Sheep by her, not only as a facrifice, but to fhew 
 that the riches of the country confilted chiefly in flocks and padurage. 
 Thus Horace mentioning the commodities of different countries, 
 
 ^ian~
 
 of Ancient Medals. 513 
 
 ^ianquam nee Calabra mella ferunt apesy 
 Nee Lajirigonid Bacchus in ampbord 
 Languefcit mih'i-, nee pingiiia Gallkis 
 
 Crefcunt vellera pafcuis. Hor. Od. 16. Li. j. 
 
 Tho' no Calabrian Bees do give 
 
 Their grateful tribute to my hive ; 
 
 No wines, by rich Campania fent. 
 
 In my ignoble casks ferment ; 
 
 No flocks in Gallie plains grow fat ; '• Mr. Creech. 
 
 She carries on her fhoulders the Sagulum that Virgil fpeaks of as the 
 habit of the ancient Gauls, 
 
 Aurea c a furies ollisy at que aurea vejlis : 
 
 Virgatis lucent fagulis V'irg. I¥.n. Lib. 8. 
 
 The gold dilTembled well their yellow hair; 
 
 And golden chains on their white necks they wear ; 
 
 Gold are their vefls— — — Mr. Dry den. 
 
 She is drawn in a polture of facrificing for the fafe arrival of the Empe- 
 ror, as we may learn from the infcription. We find in the feveral Me- 
 dals that were ftruck on Adrian's progrefs through the Empire, that at 
 his arrival they offered a facrifice to the Gods for the reception of fo 
 great a blefling. Horace mentions this cuftom. 
 
 Turn mea {Jl quid loquar audienduni) 
 Vocis accedet bona pars ; et O Sol 
 Tulcher, 6 laudandey cananiy recepto 
 C a fare felix. 
 
 Te decern tauri, totidemque vacca ; 
 
 Me tener folvet vitulus Hor. Od. a. Lib. 4. 
 
 And there, if any patient ear 
 My Mufe's feeble fong will hear 
 
 My voice fliall found thro' Rome : 
 Thee, Sun, I'll fmg, thee, lovely fair, 
 Thee, thee I'll praife, when Cafar's come.' 
 
 Ten large fair bulls, ten lully cows. 
 Mull die, to pay thy richer vows ; 
 Of my fmall Hock of kine 
 
 A calf jull wean'd Mr. Creech. 
 
 Vo L. I. U U U Italy
 
 514 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Fig. 8. Italy has a Cornu-copia in her hand, to denote her fruitfulnefs ; 
 
 magna parens frugiim Saturnia tellus. Virg. Geor. 3. 
 
 and a crown of towers on her head, to figure out the many towns and 
 cities that itand upon her, Lucan has given "her the hke ornament, 
 where he reprefents her addreiling her felf to Julius Cafar. 
 
 Ingens vifa duct patr'ia trepidant is Imago : 
 
 Clara per obfcuram vultu majiijjima no6iem^ 
 
 Turrigero canos ejfundeus 'vertice crines, 
 
 Cafarie, lac era nudifque adjlare lacertis^ 
 
 Et gemitu permijla loqui Lucan. Lib. i. 
 
 Amidfl: the dusky horrors of the night, 
 
 A wondrous vilion flood confefl to fight ; 
 
 Her awful head Rome's rev'rend image rear'd, 
 
 Trembling and fad the Matron form appear'd ; 
 
 A tow'ry crown her hoary temples bound. 
 
 And her torn trelles rudely hung around : 
 
 Her naked arms uplifted e're flie fpoke. 
 
 Then groaning thus the moui-nful filence broke. Mr. Roij^e. 
 
 She holds a fcepter in her other hand, and fits on a globe of the heavens, 
 to ihew that fhe is the Sovereign of nations, and that all the influences o^ 
 the Sun and Stars fall on her dominions. Qlaudian makes the fame conv 
 pliment to Rome. 
 
 Ipfa triumphatis qua pojjldet athera regnis. 
 
 Claud, in Prob. et Olyb. Conf. 
 
 Jupiter arce fud totum dum JpeBat in orhem. 
 
 Nil niji Romantim quod tueatur habet. Ov. de fail. Lib. i. 
 
 Jove finds no realm, when he the globe furvcys. 
 But what to Rome fubmillive homage pays. 
 
 Orbem jam totum viEfor Romanus habebaty 
 
 ^d marcy qua tellus^ qua Jidus currit utrumque. Petron, 
 
 Now Rome, fole Emprefs, reign'd from pole to pole. 
 Wherever earth extends, or oceans roll. 
 
 F'g- 9- The pifture that Claudian makes of Rame one would think was copied 
 from the next Medal. 
 
 — — mnupta
 
 of Ancient Medals. 515 
 
 •innupta ritus tmitata Minerva . 
 
 Nam neque cafariem crinali jir'tngere cultu^ 
 Colla nee ornatu patitur mollire retorto : 
 T>€xtrum nuda latus, n'tveos exerta lacertoSy 
 Audacem retegit mammam, laxnmque coercens 
 
 Mordet gemma Jiiium. 
 
 Clipeus Tit ana lucejfit^ 
 
 Lumiuey quern totd variarat Mulciber arte ; 
 Hie patrius, Mavortis amor, foetufque notantur 
 Romulei. fofi amnis ineji, et bellua nutrix. ,. 
 
 Claud, in Prob. et Olyb. Conf. 
 
 No coftly fillets knot her hair behind, 
 
 Nor female trinkets round her neck are twin'd. 
 
 Bold on the right her naked arm Ihe (hows, 
 
 And half her bofom's unpolluted fnows ; 
 
 Whilll on the left is buckled o'er her bread, 
 
 In diamond clafps the military veft. 
 
 The Sun was dazled as her (hield fhe rear'd. 
 
 Where, varied o'er by Mulciber, appear 'd 
 
 The loves of Mars her Sire, fair llia\ joys, 
 
 The wolf, the Tyber, and the infant boys. 
 
 The next figure is Achaia. f 'g- lo- 
 
 I am forry, fays Cynthio, to find you running farther oft' us. I was in 
 hopes you would have Ihown us our own nation, when you were fo 
 near us as France. I have here, fays T Inlander, one of Augujius's Bri~^'S- "■ 
 tannias. You fee fhe is not drawn like other countries, in a Ibft peace- 
 ful pofture, but is adorned with emblems that mark out the military ge- 
 nius of her Inhabitants. This is, I think, the only commendable quality 
 that the old Poets have touched upon in the defcription of our country. 
 I had once made a colleftion of all the pafTages in the Latin Poets, that 
 give any account of us, but I find them fo very malicious, that it would 
 look like a libel on the nation to repeat them to you. We feldom meet 
 with our Forefathers, but they are coupled with fome epithet or another 
 to blacken them. Barbarous, Cruel and Inhofpitable are the befl terms 
 they can afford us, which it would be a kind of injuftice to publifli, 
 fince their poflerity are become fo polite, good-natured, and kind to 
 Itrangers. To mention therefore thole parts only that relate to the pre- 
 fent Medal. She fits on a globe that (lands in water, to denote that (lie 
 is Mifh-efs of a new world, fcparate from that which the Romans had 
 
 U u u z before
 
 5i6 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 before conquered, by the interpofition of the fea. I think we cannot 
 doubt of this interpretation, if we confider how Ihe has been reprefent- 
 ed by the ancient Poets. 
 
 Et fe flit us toto divifos orbe Britannos. Virg. Ec. i. 
 
 The reft among the Britons be confin'd ; 
 
 A race of men from all the world disjoin'd. Mr. T>ryden. 
 
 Adfpicey cottfundit populos impervia tellus : 
 Conjtinlium eji^ quod adhuc orhis, et orbis erat. 
 
 Vet. Poet, apud Scalig. Catul. 
 
 At nunc oceanus geminos inter luit orbes. 
 
 Id. de Britannia et oppofito Continente. 
 
 ■ nojiro didu6fa Britannia rnundo. Claud. 
 
 Nee Jietit oceanOi remifqiie ingrejj'a profundum, 
 
 Vincendos alio quajivit in orbe Britannos. Id. 
 
 The feet of Britannia are walhed by the waves, in the fame Poet. 
 
 cujus vejtigia v err it 
 
 Coerulusy oceanique ajium mentitur, amiftus. 
 
 Id. de Laud. Stil. Lib. x. 
 
 She bears a Roman Enfign in one of her hands, to confefs herfelf a con- 
 quered province. 
 
 vi6fricia Cafar 
 
 Signa Caledonios tranfuexit ad ufque Britannos. Sidon. Apollin. 
 
 Fig. 10. But to return to Achaia^ whom we left upon her knees before the Em- 
 peror Adrian. She has a pot before her with a fprig of Parfly rifmg 
 out of it. I will not here trouble you with a dull ftory of Hercules^ 
 eating a fallade of Parfly for his refrefhment, after his encounter with 
 the Nemean Lion. It is certain, there were in Achaia the NemeanGnmeSy 
 and that a garland of Parfly was the Vidor's reward. You have an ac- 
 count of thefe Games in Aufoniiis. 
 
 ^attuor antiqms celebravit Achaia Ludosy 
 
 C^licolvm duo Jitnt, et duo fejta hominum. 
 Sacra Jovis^ 'PhcebiquCf 'Palatnonis, Archemorique : 
 
 Serta quibus pinusy ma/us, oliva, a^ium. Auf. de Luftral. Agon. 
 
 Creecey
 
 of Ancient Medals. 517 
 
 Greece^ in four games thy martial youth were train'd ; 
 For Heroes two, and two for Gods ordain'd: 
 Jove bade the OUve round his Viftor wave ; 
 Thoebus to his an Apple- garland gave: 
 The Pine, Talamon ; nor with lefs renown, 
 Archemorus conferr'd the Parfly-crown. 
 
 Archemori Nemeaa colunt funebria Theba. Id. de locis Agon, 
 
 "Alcides Nemea facravit bonorem. de Auft. Agon. Id. 
 
 Archemori Nemeaa colunt funebria Theba. IJ, 
 
 One reafon why they chofe Parfly for a Garland, was doubtlefs becaufe 
 it always preferves its verdure, as Horace oppofes it to the fliort-lived 
 
 Lilly. 
 
 Neu vivax apum, nee breve lilium. - Lib. i. Od. i6. 
 
 Let fading Lillies and the Rofe 
 
 Their beauty and their fmell difclofe; 
 
 Let long-liv'd Parfly gi-ace the feaft, 
 
 And gently cool the heated guefl. Mr. Creech. 
 
 Juvenal mentions the Crown that was made of it, and which here fur- 
 rounds the head of Achaia. 
 
 Graiaque afium meruijfe corona. Juv. Sat. 8. 
 
 And winning at a Wake their Parfly crown. M. Stefney. 
 
 She prefents herfelf to the Emperor in the fame pofture that the Germans 
 and Engitjh flill falute the Imperial and Royal family. 
 
 . jus imperiumque Thraales 
 
 C afar is acccpit genibus minor. Hor. Epif ii. Li. i. 
 
 The haughty Tarthian now to Cafar kneels. Mr. Creech. 
 
 I lie qui donat diadema fronti 
 
 ^em genu ni.va tremuere gentes. Senec Thyeft. Aft 3. 
 
 Non^ ut infiexo genu. 
 
 Regnant em adores^ ptimus. Idem. 
 
 fe Unguis varia gcntcs, miffique rogatum 
 Fader a Terfarumpoceres cum ^atre fedentem^ 
 
 Hac
 
 5i8 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Hac quondam videre domo ; pofitdque tiara 
 
 Submifere genu. Claud, ad Honorium. 
 
 Thy infant Virtue various climes admir'd, 
 And various tongues to found thy praife confpir'd : 
 Thee next the Sovereign feat, the Terjians view'd. 
 When in this Regal Dome for peace they fu'd: 
 Each Turban low, in fign of worlhip, wav'd ; 
 And every knee confeft the boon they crav'd. 
 
 Fig. 1 2. Sicily appears before Adrian in the fame pofture. She has a bundle 
 of Corn in her hand, and a Garland of it on her head, as flie abounds 
 in wheat, and was confecrated to Ceres. 
 
 ^traque frugtferis eft Infula nobilis arvis: ^ ^_ 
 
 Nee plus Hefperiam longinquis mejfibus ulla^ 
 Nee Romana magis com^lerunt horrea terra. 
 
 de SiciliaetSardinia.Lu.Li. z. 
 
 Sardinia too, renow'd for yellow fields, 
 
 With Sicily her bounteous tribute yields; 
 
 No lands a glebe of richer tillage boaft. 
 
 Nor waft more plenty to the Roman coaft. Mr. Ro'we. 
 
 Terra tribus fcopulis vatum procurrit in aquor 
 
 Trinacris, a fofitu nomen adepta lociy 
 Grata domus Cereri. mult as ibi pojjldet urbes : 
 
 In quibus eft culto fertilis Henna folo. Ov. de Fafl. Li. 4. 
 
 To Ceres dear, the fruitful land is fam'd 
 For three tall Capes, and thence Trinacria nam'd : 
 There Henna well rewards the tiller's toil. 
 The faireft Champian of the faired Ifle. 
 
 Fig. 13. We find Judaa on feveral coins of Vefpaftan and Titus, in a pofture 
 that denotes forrow and captivity. The firlt figure of her is drawn to 
 the life, in a pifture that Seneca has given us of the Tr&jan matrons be- 
 wailing their captivity. 
 
 -faret exertos 
 
 Turba lacertos. Vefte remijfd 
 Subftringe ftnus, uteroque tenus 
 
 Tateant artus— 
 
 cadat
 
 of Ancient Medals. 519 
 
 'Cadat ex burner is 
 
 Veftis apertis : imumque tegat 
 Sujfulta latus. jam niida vacant 
 'Peffora dextras. nunc nunc vires 
 Exp-07ne<y 'Dolor^ tuas 
 
 Hecuba ad Trojanarum chorum. Sen. Troas. Afl. i, 
 
 Bare 
 
 Your arms, your veflures flackly ty'd 
 Beneath your naked bofoms, Aide 
 Down to your waites •. 
 
 Let 
 
 From your diverted fhoulders flide 
 
 Your garments, down on either fide. 
 
 Now bared bofoms call for blows. 
 
 Now, Sorrow, all thy pow'rs difclofe. Sir Ed. Sherburn. 
 
 aperta pe6iora matres 
 
 Significant luCtum Ov. Met. Li. 13. 
 
 Who bar'd their breafts, and gave their hair to flow: 
 The figns of grief, and mark of publick woe. 
 
 The head is veiled in both figures, as another expreffion of grief: 
 
 ipfa trifli veftis obtentu caput 
 
 Velatay juxta prajides aftat Tieos. Sen. Here. fur. Ad. ^, 
 
 Sic ubi fataj caput ferali obducit amiBu, 
 'Decrevitqtie pati tenebras^ puppifque cavernis 
 'Delituit: fievumque ar£fe complexa dolorem 
 Terfruitur lacrymis^ et amat pro conjuge luEium. 
 
 Luc. Li. 9. de Cornelia. 
 
 So faid the Matron ; and about her head 
 
 Her veil ftie draws, her mournful eyes to ftiade: 
 
 Refolv'd to fliroud in thickeft fliades her woe. 
 
 She feeks the fliip's deep darkfome Hold below : 
 
 There lonely left, at leifure to complain. 
 
 She hugs her forrows, and enjoys her pain ; 
 
 Still with frelh tears the living grief wou'd feedj 
 
 And fondly loves it, in her husbands (lead, Mr. Rowe. 
 
 I
 
 520 Dialogues upon the Ufefukefs 
 
 I need not mention her fitting on the ground, becaufe we have ah-eady 
 fpoken of the aptnefs of fuch a pofture to reprefent an extreme afflifti- 
 on. I fancy, fays Engefiius, the Romans might have an eye on the cu- 
 ibms of the Jeiziijh nation, as well as of thofe of their country, in the 
 feveral marks of forrovv they have fet on this figure. The Plalmill de- 
 fcribes the Je'oi's lamenting their captivity in the fame penfive poilure. 
 By the waters of Babylon we fate down andwept^ when we remembred 
 theey O Sion, But what is more remarkable, we find Judaa reprefented 
 as a woman in forrovv fitting on the ground, in a paflage of the Prophet, 
 that foretels the very captivity recorded on this Medal. The covering 
 of the head, and the rending of garments, we find very often in Holy Scri- 
 pture, as the exprcffions of a raging grief But what is the tree we fee on 
 both thefe Medals? We find, fays Thi/ander,- noz only on ihefe, but on 
 feveral other coins that relate to jndaa, the figure of a Palm-tree, tolhow 
 us that Palms are the growth of the country. Thus Si/ius Ita/icus, {peiik- 
 ing of Fef/'aJ/an's conqueit, that is the fubjed of this Medal. 
 
 Talmiferamque fenex bello domltabit Idumen. Sil. It. Li. 3, 
 
 Martial feems to have hinted at the many pieces of painting and fculp. 
 ture that were occafioned by this conqueit of Judaa^ and had generally 
 fomething of the Palm-tree in them. It begins an Epigram on the death 
 of Scorpiis a chariot-driver, which in thofe degenerate times of the 
 Empire was looked upon as a public calamity. 
 
 Trijlis Idumaas frangat Victoria palmas ; 
 
 Tlange Favor fieva peEfora nnda manu. Mart. Li. 10. Epig. 5-0. 
 
 The man by the Palm-tree in the firit of thefe Medals, is fuppofed to be 
 a Jew with his hands bound behind him. 
 
 p. J I need not tell you that the winged figure on the other Medal is 
 '^' ^"^' a ViEiory. She is reprefented here as on many other coins, writing fome- 
 thing on a ilneld. We find this way of re.giitring a Vi6tory touched up- 
 on in Virgil^ and SH'tus Italicus. 
 
 j¥.re cavo clypeum^ magni gejiamen AbantiSy 
 'Pojiibus advcrfis figo^et rent carmine ^gnor, 
 JEneas hac de 'Danais vi^oribus arma. Virg. vEn. Li, 3. 
 
 I fix'd upon the Temple's lofty door 
 
 The brazen fliield, which vanquiik'd ./^^^j- bore: 
 
 The
 
 of Ancient Medals. 521 
 
 The verfe beneath my name and aftions fpeaks, 
 
 " Thefe arms jEneas took from conqu'ring Greeks. Mr. 'Dryden. 
 
 Tyrettes tumttlo clypeum cum carmine figunt ; 
 
 Ilafdrubalis ffol'tum Gradivo Scifto vi&or. Sil. Ital. Li. 15'. 
 
 High on Tyrene\ airy top they plac'd, 
 The captive Shield, with this infcription grac'd : 
 " Sacred to Mars^ thefe votive fpoils proclaim 
 " The fate of Afdrubal^ and Scipio\ fame. 
 
 'Parthia has on one fide of her the Bow and Quiver which are foprg. ij-. 
 much talked of by the Poets. Lucans account of the Tarthians is very 
 pretty and poetical. 
 
 • Tarthoque fequente 
 
 Mums erity quodcunqiie poteji objiare fagitta 
 
 Illita tela dolis, nee Martem comminus unquam 
 
 Aufa pat'i virtus y fed longe tender e nervosy 
 
 Et, quo ferre veimtypermittere vulnera vent is. Luc. Li. 8. 
 
 Each fence, that can their winged fhafts endure. 
 
 Stands, like a fort, impregnable, fecure ■ 
 
 To taint their coward darts is all their care. 
 
 And then to truft them to the flitting air. Mr. Rou'e. 
 
 Sagittiferofque Tarthos. Catul. 
 
 The Crown flie holds in her hand, refers to the crown of gold that Tar- 
 thiuy as well as other provinces, prefented to the Emperor Antonine. The 
 preicnting a Crown, was the giving up the foveraignty into his hands. 
 
 Ipfe oratores ad me^ regnique coronam., 
 
 Cumfceptro mifit Virg. ^n. Li. 8. 
 
 Tarchon, the Tufcan Chief, to me has fent 
 
 Their Crown, and ev'ry regal ornament. Mr. T>ryden. 
 
 Antioch has an Anchor by her, in memory of her founder SeleucusyY\%. 16. 
 whofe race was all born with this mark upon them, if you'i' believe Hi- 
 itorians. Aufonius has taken notice of it in his verfes on this cit)-. 
 
 —Ilia Se leu cum 
 
 Nuncupat iiigenumny cujus fuit Anchora Jigiuwy 
 Vol I. Xxx ^lalis
 
 522 'DiAi.oGUEs Upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 ^lalis iniifta folet\ generis not a cert a, per omnem 
 Nam fobolis feriem ?iativa cucurrit imago. 
 
 Auf. Ordo Nobil. Urbium. 
 
 Thee, great Seleucus, bright in Grecian fame! 
 The tow'rs of Antioch for their founder claim : 
 Thee Thabtis at thy birth his fon confeft. 
 By the fair Anchor on the babe impreft; 
 Which all thy genuine off-fpring wont to grace, 
 From thigh to thigh tranfmiflive thro' the race. 
 
 Fig. 17. Smyrna is always reprefented by an Amazon^ that is faid to have been 
 her firit foundrefs. You fee her here ent'ring into a league with Thya- 
 tira. Each of them holds her tutelar Deity in her hand. 
 
 Jus ilky et i£ii foederis tejles 'T>eos 
 
 Invocat. Sen. Phaeniflae. Aft. i. 
 
 On the left arm of Smyrna, is the Telta or Buckler of the Amazons, as 
 the long weapon by her is the Bipennis or Sectiris. 
 
 Non tibi Amazonia eft pro me fumenda fecuris, 
 Aut excifa levi felt a gerenda manu. Ov. Li, 3. Epif. i, ex Pont. 
 
 Lunatis agmina peltis. Virg. 
 
 In their right hands a pointed Dart they wield ; 
 
 The left, for ward, fuftains the lunar Shield. Mr. T>ryden, 
 
 Videre Rhati bella fiib Alfibus 
 ^rujum gerentem, et Vindelici ; quibus 
 Mos tinde dedu^us per omne 
 Tempus Amazonia fecuri 
 1)extras obarmet quarere diftuli. Hor. Od. 4. Li. 4. 
 
 Such T>rufus did in arms appear, 
 
 "When near the Alps he urg'd the war: 
 In vain the P.hati did their axes wield, 
 Like Amazons they fought, like women fled the ikld: 
 But why thofe favage troops this weapon chufe, 
 
 Confirm'd by long eftablilh'd ufe, 
 Hiftorians would in vain difclofe. 
 
 Fig. 18. The drefs that Arabia appears in, brings to my mind the defcription 
 Lucan has made of thefe eaftern nations. 
 
 ^icquid
 
 of Ancient Medals. 523 
 
 ^cqiuid ad Eoos traEiiis^ mnndique teporem 
 
 Labitur, emollit gentes dementia celt. 
 
 lU'tc et laxas vejies, et fluxa virerum 
 
 VeUmenta vides. Luc. Lib. 8, 
 
 While y^<?'sfofter climate, form'd to pleafe, 
 
 Diflblvies her fons in indolence and eafe. 
 
 Here filken robes invert unmanly limbs, 
 
 And in long trains the flowing Purple ilreams. Mr. Rowe. 
 
 She bears in one hand a fprig of frankincenfe. 
 
 foils eji tburea virga Sabeis. Virg. 
 
 And od'rous fankincenfe on the Sabaan bough. Mr. T)ryden. 
 
 Thuriferos Arabum faltus. Claud, de s.Conf. Honor. 
 
 Thurilegos Arabas Ov. de Faf. Lib. 4. 
 
 In the other hand you fee the perfumed reed, as the garland on her head 
 may be fuppofed to be woven out of fome other part of her fragrant 
 produdions. 
 
 Nee proctd in molles Arabas terramque ferentem 
 
 'Deliciasy variaque novos radicis honores ; 
 
 Leniter adfundit gemmantia littora fontus, 
 
 Et terra mare nomen habet de fmu Arabico. Manil. Lib. 4. 
 
 More weft the other foft Arabia beats. 
 
 Where incenfe grows, and pleafing odour fvveats : 
 
 The Bay is call'd th' Arabian gulf ; the name 
 
 The country gives it, and 'tis great in fame. Mr. Creech. 
 
 1)rantur pia thura focis, urantur odores., 
 
 ^tos tenev a terra divite mitt it Arabs. Tibul. Lib. 2. El. i. 
 
 Jit dives amomo, 
 
 Cinnamaque, cojiiimque fuam, Jicdataque ligno 
 Thura, ferat, flonfqtie alios Tanchdia tellusy 
 'Dum ferat et Myrrham. Ov. Met, Lib. 10, 
 
 Let Araby extol her happy coaft. 
 
 Her Cinamon, and fwcet Amomum boaft; 
 
 X X X X Her
 
 524 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 Her fragrant flowers, her trees with precious tears, 
 
 Her fecond harvefts, and her double years : 
 
 How can the land be call'd fo blefs'd, that Myrrha bears ? 
 
 Mr. ^tyden. 
 
 Odorata fpirant medicam'tna Sylva. Manil. 
 
 The trees drop balfam, and on all the boughs 
 
 Health fits, and makes it fovereign as it flows. Mr. Creech. 
 
 Cinnami Jylvas Arabes beatos 
 
 Vidi!; Sen. OEdip. Aft. i. 
 
 What a dehcious country is this, fays Cyntbio ? a man almoft fmells it in 
 the defcriptions that are made of it. The Camel is in Arabia^ I fup- 
 pofe, a beaft of burden, that helps to carry off its fpices. We find the 
 Caiael, fays Thilander, mentioned in Terjius on the fame account. 
 
 Tolle recens primus piper e fitiente Camelo. Perf. Sat. 5. 
 
 — The precious weight 
 
 Of pepper, and Sabaan incenfe, take 
 
 With thy own hands, from the tir'd Camel's back. Mr. 'Dry den. 
 
 He loads the Camel with pepper, becaufe the animal and its cargo are 
 both the produftions of the fame country. 
 
 Mercibus hie Italis mutat fub file recenti 
 
 Rngofnm piper Id. Sat. 5*. 
 
 The greedy Merchants, led by lucre, run 
 
 To the parch'd Indies and the rifmg Sun ; 
 
 From thence hot pepper, and rich drugs they bear, 
 
 Bart'ring for fpices their Italian ware. Mr. Dryden. 
 
 You have given us fome quotations out of TerJius this morning, fays 
 Eugenitis, that in my opinion have a great deal of poetry in them. I 
 have often wondered at Mr. Dryden for pafling fo fevere a cenfure on 
 this Author. He fancies the delcription of a Wreck that you have al- 
 ready cited, is too good for TerJius^ and that he might be helpt in it by 
 Lucauy who was one of his contemporaries. For my part, fays Cynthioy 
 I am fo far from Mr. T)rydeus opinion in this particular, that I fancy 
 Terfius a better Poet than Lucan : and that had he been engaged on the 
 fame fubjeft, he would at ieail in his Exprellions and Defcriptions have 
 
 out-
 
 of Ancient Medals. 525 
 
 out-writ the Tharfal'ia. He was indeed employed on fubjeds that fcl- 
 dom led him into any thing Uke Defcription, but where he has an occa- 
 fion of ihewing himlelf, we find very few of the Latin Poets that have 
 given a greater beauty to their Expreilions, His obfcurities are indeed 
 fometimes affefted, but they generally arife from the remotenefs of the 
 Culloms, Perfons and Things he alludes to : as Satyr is for this reafon 
 more difficult to be underilood by thole that are not of the fame Age 
 with it, than any other kind of Poetry. Love-verfes and Heroics deal in 
 Images that are ever fixed and fettled in the nature of things, but a thou- 
 fand ideas enter into Satyr, that are as changeable and unfleady as the 
 mode or the humours of mankind. 
 
 Our three friends had palled away the whole morning among their 
 Medals and Latin Poets. ^Philander told them it was now too late to 
 enter on another Series, but if they would take up with fuch a dinner 
 as he could meet with at his Lodgings, he would afterwards lay the relt 
 of his Medals before them. Cynthio and Eugenius were both of them 
 fo well pleafed with the novelty of the fubjeft, that they would not re- 
 fufe the offer Thilander made them. 
 
 A
 
 526 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 DIALOGUE III. 
 
 caufa eji difcr'tm'tnh hujus 
 
 Comtfum Argentum in ittulos factefque m'lnutas. 
 
 Juv. Sat. 14. 
 
 A Parallel between the Ancient and 
 
 Modern Medals. 
 
 PHILANTDER ufed every morning to take a walk in a neigh- 
 bouring wood, that flood on the borders of the Thames. It was 
 cut through by abundance of beautiful allies, which terminating 
 on the water, looked like fo many painted views in perfpedive. The 
 banks of the river and the thicknefs of the fhades drew into them all the 
 birds of the country, that at Sun-rifing filled the wood with fuch a va- 
 riety of notes, as made the prettieft confuiion imaginable. I know in 
 defcriptions of this nature the fcenes are generally fuppofed to grow out 
 of the Author's imagination, and if .they are not charming in all their 
 parts, the Reader never imputes it to the want of fun or foil, but to the 
 Writer's barrennefs of invention. It is Cicero\ obfervation on the Plane- 
 tree, that makes fo flouridiing a figure in one of Tlato's Dialogues, that 
 it did not draw its nourifliment from the fountain that ran by it and wa- 
 tered its roots, but from the richnefs of the llile that defcribes it. For 
 mv own part, as I defign only to fix the fcene of the following Dialogue, 
 I ihall not endeavour to give it any other ornaments than thofe which na- 
 ture has beftowed upon it. 
 
 'Philander was here enjoying the cool of the morning, among the 
 dews that lay on every thing about him, and that gave the air fuch a 
 freflmefs as is not a little agreeable in the hot part of the year. He had 
 not been here long before he was joyned by Cynth'to and Eugeuius. Cyn- 
 thio immediately fell upon Thilandcr for breaking his night's refl. You 
 
 have
 
 of Ancient Medals. 527 
 
 have fo filled my head, fays he, with old Coins, that I have had nothing 
 but figures and infcriptions beforemy eyes. If I chanced to fall into a httle 
 11 umber, it was immediately interrupted with the vifion of a Caducous or a 
 Cornu-copia. You will make me believe, fays 'Thilander,\\\zt you begin to- 
 be reconciled to Medals. They fay it is a fure fign a man loves monej'', 
 when he is ufed to find it in his dreams. There is certainly, fays Euge- 
 niusy fomething like Avarice in the Itudy of Medals. The more a man 
 knows of them, the more he defires to know. There is one fubjeft in 
 particular that Cynthio, as well as my felf, has a mind to engage you in. 
 We would fain know how the Ancient and Modern Medals dififer from 
 one another, and which of them defervcs the preference. You have a 
 mind to engage me in' a fubjedl, fays ThlUnder^ that is perhaps of a 
 larger extent than you imagine. To examine it throughly, it would be 
 neceflary to take them in pieces, and to fpeak of the difference that 
 fhews it felf in their Metals, in the Occafion of llamping them, in the 
 Infcriptions, and in the Figures that adorn them. Since you have divided 
 your lubjed-, fays Cynthio^ be fo kind as to enter on it without any fur- 
 ther preface. 
 
 We Ihould firflof all, fays Thiland^r, confider the difference of the 
 Metals that we find in ancient and modern Coins, but as this fpeculation 
 is more curious than improving, I believe you will excufe me if I do 
 not dwell long upon it. One may underltand all the learned part of 
 this fcience, without knowing whether there were Coins of iron or lead 
 amon^T the old Romas^ and if a man is well acquainted with the Device 
 of a Medal, I do not fee what neceffity there is of being able to tell 
 whether the Medal it felf be of copper or Corinthian brafs. There is 
 however fo great a difference between the antique and modern Medals, 
 that I have feen an Antiquary hck an old Coin among other trials, to di- 
 fliguifh the age of it by its Taile. I remember when I laught at him for 
 it, he told me with a great deal of vehemence, there was as much diffe- 
 rence between the relilh of ancient and modern brafs, as between an 
 apple and a turnep. It is pity, fays Eugenius^ but they found out the 
 Smell too of an ancient Medal. They would then be able to judge of 
 it by all the fenfes. The Touch, I have heard, gives almofl as good evi- 
 dence as the Sight, and the Ringing of a Medal is, I know, a very com- 
 mon experiment. But I fuppofe this lafl proof you mention relates only 
 to fuch Coins as are made of your bafer forts of metal. And here, fays 
 Thilander, we may obferve the prudence of the Ancients above that of 
 the Moderns, in the care they took to perpetuate the memory of great 
 
 aftions.
 
 528 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 aftions. -They knew very well that filver and gold might fall into the 
 hands of the covetous or ignorant, who would not relpeft them for the 
 Device they bore, but for the Metal they were made of Nor were their 
 apprehenfions ill founded ; for it is not eafily imagined how many of thefe 
 noble monuments of hillory have periflied in the goldfmiths hands, be- 
 fore they came to be coUeded together by the learned men of thefe 
 two or three laft Centuries. Infcriptions, Viftories, Buildings, and a 
 thoufand other pieces of antiquity were melted down in thefe barbarous 
 Ages, that thought figures and letters only fcrved to fpoil the gold that 
 was charged with them. Your Medalliits look on this deflrudion of 
 Coins, as on the burning of the Alexandrlati Library, and would be con- 
 tent to compound for them, with almoii: the lofs of a Vatican. To pre- 
 vent this in fome meafure, the ancients placed the greateil variety of their 
 devices on their brafs and copper Coins, which are in no fear of falling into 
 the clippers hands, nor in any danger of melting till the general conflagra- 
 tion • >n the co!\uary, our modern Meda's are moil in lUver or gold, and 
 often in a very fmall number of each. I have feen a golden one at Vienna^ 
 of TbU'ij) the fecond, that weighed two and twenty pound, which is pro- 
 bably fmgular in its kind, and will not be able to keep it felf long out of 
 the furnace when it leaves the Emperor's Treafury. I remember ano- 
 ther in the King of TritJJid% colledion, that has in it three pound weight 
 of gold. The Princes who (truck thefe Medals, fays Eugenins, feem to have 
 defigned them rather as an oftentationof their Wealth, than of their Vir- 
 tues. They fancied probably, it was a greater honour to appear in gold 
 than in copper, and that a Medal receives all its value from the rarity of 
 the metal. I think the next fubjeft you propofed to fpeak of, were the 
 different Occafions that have given birth to ancient and modern Medals. 
 
 Before we enter on this particular, fays 'Philander^ I mult tell you by 
 way of preliminary, that formerly there was no difference between Mo- 
 ney and Medals. An old Roman had his purfe full of the fame pieces 
 that v.'e now prefcrve in Cabinets. As foon as an Emperor had done 
 any thing remarkable, it was immediately ftamped on a Coin, and be- 
 came current through his whole Dominions. It was a pretty contrivance, 
 fays CynthiOy to fpread abroad the virtues of an Emperor, and make his 
 aftions circulate. A frefh Coin was a kind of a Gazette, that publiflied 
 the lateft news of the Empire. I iliould fancy your Roman Bankers were 
 very good Hiilorians. It is certain, fays Engcnitis, they might find their 
 profit and inib-uftion mixed together. I have often wondered that no 
 Eation among the moderns has imitated the ancient Romans in this par- 
 ticular.
 
 of Ancient Medals. 529 
 
 licular. I know no other way of fecuring thefe kinds of monuments, 
 and making them numerous enough to be handed down to future ages! 
 But where Statefmcn are ruled by a fpirit of fadion and intereft, they 
 can have no palfion for the glory of their country, nor any concern for 
 the figure it will make among poiterity. A man that talks of his nati- 
 on's honour a thoufand years hence, is in very great danger of being laught 
 at. We Ihall think, fays Cy«//j/^, you have a mind to fl\ll out with the 
 Government, becaufe it does not encourage Medals. But were all your 
 ancient Coins that are now in Cabinets once current money? It is the 
 mod probable opinion, fays ThilandcKy that they were all of them fuch, 
 excepting thofe we call Mcdalions. Thefe in refpeft of the other Coins 
 were the fame as modern Medals, in refpeft of modern money. They 
 were exempted from all commerce, and had no other value but what 
 was fet upon them by the fancy of the owner. They are fuppofed to 
 have been ftruck by Emperors for prefents to their Friends, foreign Prin- 
 ces, or AmbalFadors. However, that the fmallnefs of their number might 
 not endanger the lofs of the devices they bore, the Romans took caie 
 generally to {lamp the fubjeft of their medalions on their ordinary Coins 
 that were the running caih of the nation. As if in Englatid we Ihould 
 fee on our half-peny and farthing pieces, the feveral dciigns that fliow 
 themfelves in their perfeftion on our Medals. 
 
 If we now confider, continued Thilander, the different Occfifions or 
 Subjeds of ancient and modern Medals, we fhall find they both agree 
 in recording the great aftions and fuccelTes in war, allowing itill for the 
 different ways of making it, and the circumltances that attended it in palt 
 ages, and in the prefent. 1 fhall inltance one. I do not remember in any 
 old Coin to have feen the taking of a town mentioned : as indeed there 
 were few conquerors could fignalize themfelves that way before the in- 
 vention of powder and fortifications, a fingle battle often deciding the 
 fate of whole kingdoms. Our modern Medals give us feveral ficgcs and 
 plans of fortified towns, that Ihow themfelves in all their parts to a great 
 advantage on the reverfe of a Coin. It is indeed, a kind of jultice, iays 
 Eugenitts^ that a Prince owes to polterity, after he has ruined or defaced 
 a Ih-ong place to deliver down to them a model of it as it Itood whole 
 and entire. The Coin repairs in fome meafinc themifchiefs of his Bombs 
 and Cannons. In the next place, fays 'Thilander, we lee both on the an- 
 cient and modern Medals the feveral noble pieces of Architeflure that 
 were finiihed at the time when the Medals were llampcd. I muft ob- 
 ferve however, to the honour of the latter, that they have reprcfented 
 Vol. I. Y y y their
 
 530 D I A1.0GVES upon the Ufefulncfs 
 
 their buildings according to the rules of perfpeflive. This I remember 
 to have feen but in very few of the plans on ancient Coins, which makes 
 them appear much lefs beautiful than the modern, efpecially to a mathe- 
 matical eye. Thus far our two fetts of Medals agree as to their Subjed. 
 But old Coins go farther in their compliments to their Emperor, as they 
 take occafion to celebrate his ditlinguiiliing Virtues ; not as they fliowed 
 thcmfelves in any particular aftion, but as they flione out in the general 
 view of his charafter. This humour went fo far, that we fee Nero's fid-' 
 ling, and CommodHs\ skill in fencing, on feveral of their Medals. At pre- 
 fent, you never meet with the King of France's, generofity, nor the Em- 
 peror's devotion recorded after this manner. Again, the Romans ufed 
 toregifter the great adions of Peace that turned to the good of the people, 
 as well as thofe of War. The remiflion of a Debt, the taking off a Duty, the 
 giving up a Tax, the mending a Port, or the making a Highway, were 
 not looked upon as improper fubjefts for a Coin. They were glad of 
 any opportunity to encourage their Emperors in the humour of doing 
 good, and knew very well, that many of thefe afts of beneficence had a 
 wider and more lafting influence on the happinefs and welfare of a peo- 
 ple, than the gaining a Viftory, or the Conqueft of a nation. In Eng- 
 land perhaps it would have looked a little odd, to have ftamped a Medal 
 on the abolifliing of Chimney-money in the laft Reign, or on the giving 
 a hundred thoufand pound a year towards the carrying on a war, in this. 
 I find, fays Eugentus^ had we flruck in with the praftice of the ancient 
 Romans, we fhould have had Medals on the fitting up our feveral Docks, 
 on the making of our Rivers navigable, on the building our men of War, 
 and the like fubjeds, that have certainly very well deferved them. The 
 reafon why it has been negleded, fays Thilander, may poflibly be this. 
 Our Princes have the coining of their own Medals, and perhaps may think 
 it would look like vanity to ered fo many Trophies and Monuments of 
 praife to their own merit ; whereas among the ancient Romans, the Se- 
 nate had ftill a watchful eye on their Emperor, and if they found any 
 thing in his life and aftions that might furnifh out a Medal, they did not 
 fail of making him fo acceptable an offering. 'Tis true, their flatteries 
 betray often fuch a bafenefs of fpirit, as one would little expeft to find 
 among fuch an order of men. And here by the way we may obferve, 
 that you never find any thing like Satyr or Raillery on old. Coins. 
 
 Whatever vidories were got on foreign enemies, or the feveral pre- 
 tenders to the Empire obtained over one another, they are recorded on 
 Coins without the leaft bitternefs or refledion. The Emperors often 
 
 jefled
 
 of Ancient Medals. 551 
 
 jefted on their rivals or predeceflbrs, but their Mints ftill maintained 
 their gravity. They might publilh invedtives againft one another in their 
 difcourfes or writings, but never on their Coins. Had we no other hi- 
 ftories of the Roman Emperors, but thofe we find on their money, we 
 fhould take them for the moll virtuous race of Princes that mankind were 
 ever blefled with: whereas, if we look into their lives, they appear many 
 of them fuch monfters of lult and cruelty, as are almoit a reproach to 
 human nature. Medals are therefore fo many compliments to an Empe- 
 ror, that afcribe to him all the Virtues and Viftories he himfelf preten- 
 ded to. Were you to take from hence all your informations, you would 
 fancy Claudius as gi-eat a Conqueror as Jurtus Cafar, and T>omitian a 
 wifer Prince than his brother Titus. Tiberius on his Coins is all Mercy 
 and Moderation, Caligu/aznd Nero are Fathers of their Country, Ga/Uthe 
 patron of public Liberty, and Vitellius the reflorer of the city of Rome. 
 In Ihort, if you have a mind to fee the religious Commodus, the pious 
 Caracatla, and the devout Heliogabalus, you may find them either in the 
 infcription or device of their Medals. On the contrary, thole of a mo- 
 dern make are often charged with Irony and Satyr. Our Kings no foon- 
 er fall out, but their mints make war upon one another, and their malice 
 appears on their Medals. One meets fometimes with very nice touches of 
 Raillery,but as we have no inftance of it among the ancient Coins, I fliall leave 
 you to determine, whether or no it ought to find a place there. I mult 
 confefs, fays Cynthio^ I beUeve we are generally in the wrong, when we 
 deviate from the ancients: becaufe their pradice is for the mofl part 
 grounded upon reafon. But if our fore-fathers have thought fit to be 
 grave and ferious, I hope their pofterity may laugh without offence. For 
 my part, I cannot but look on this kind of Raillery as a refinement on 
 Medals: and do not fee why there may not be fome for diverlion, at the 
 fame time that there are others of a more folemn and majeilic nature, as 
 a Vidory may be celebrated in an Epigram as well as in an Heroic Poem. 
 Had the ancients given place to Raillery onany of their Coins,I queftion not 
 but they would have been the molt valued parts of a colledion. Be- 
 fides the entertainment we fhould have found in them, they would have 
 Ihown us the different flate of Wit, as it flouriflied or decayed in the 
 feveral ages of the Roman Empire. There is no doubt, fays Thilander., 
 but our fore-fathers, if they had pleafed, could have been as witty as 
 their poflerity. But I am of opinion, they induftrioully avoided it on 
 their Coins, that they might not give us occafion to fufped their finceri- 
 ty. Had they run into mirth or fatyr we fhould not have thought they 
 
 Y y y 1 had
 
 532 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 ilad Hefighed fo hiuch to inltruft .is to divert lis. I have heard, fayS Eu- 
 genius^ that the Remans Ilafnped feveral Coins on the fame occafion. If 
 we follow their example, there vvill be no danger of deceiving polterity: 
 fince the more ferious fort of Medals may ferve as Comments on thofe 
 of a lighter chara^er. However it is, the raillery of the Moderns can- 
 hot be worfe than the flattery of the Ancients. But hitherto you have 
 only mentioned fuch Coins as weie made on the Emperor, I have feeil 
 feveral of our own time that have been made as a compliment to private 
 perfons. There are pieces of money, fays Thilander, that during the 
 time of the Roman Emperors, were coined in honour of the Senate, 
 Army or People. I do not remember to have feen in the upper Empire 
 the face of any private perfon that was not fome way related to the Im- 
 perial family. Sejanus has indeed his Confullhip mentioned on a Coin 
 of Tiberius, as he has the honour to give a name to the year in which 
 bur Saviour was crucified. We are nov;^ come to the Legend or In- 
 fcription of our Medals, which as it is one of the more elTential parts of 
 them, it may deferve to be examined more at length. You have cho- 
 fen a very fliort Text to enlarge upon, fays Cynthio: I fliould as fodn 
 expeft to fee a Critique on the Pofie of a Ring, as on the Infcription of a 
 
 Medal. 
 
 I have feen feveral modern Coins, fays Thilander, that have had palt 
 of the Legend running round the edges, like the T)ecus et Tutamen 
 in our milled money ; fo that a few years will probably wear out the 
 aftioii that the Coin was defigned fo perpetuate. The ancients were 
 too wife to rcgiiler their exploits on fo nice a furface. I fliould fancy, 
 fays EugeniHSy the moderns may have chofen this part of the Medal for 
 the inicription, that the figures on each fide might appear to a greater 
 advantage. I have obferved in feveral old Coins a kind of confufion be- 
 tween the legend and the device. The figures and letters were fo 
 mingled together, that one would think the Coiner was hard put to it 
 on what part of the money to beflow the feveral words of his infcription. 
 You have found out fomethiiig like an excufe, fays Thilandery for your 
 milled Medals, if they carried the whole legend on their edges. But 
 at the fame time that they are lettered on the edges, they have other 
 infcriptions on the face and the reverfe. Your modern Defigners cannot 
 contrad: the occafion of the Medal into an infcription that is proper to 
 the Volume they write upon : fo that having fcribbled over both fides, 
 they are forced,, as it were, to write upon the margir.. The firft fault 
 therefore that I fliall find with a modern legend, is its Diffufivenefs. You 
 
 have
 
 of Ancient Medals. 555 
 
 have fometimes the whole fide of a Medal over-run with it. One would 
 fancy the Author had a defign of being Ciceronian in his Latin^ and of 
 making a round period. I will give you only the revcrfe of a Coin 
 Itampt by the prefent Emperor of Germany, on the railing of the fiege 
 of Vienna. VIei^ka aVstrI^e ^ IVLII ab aChMete II. 
 
 OBSESSA v? SEPT. eX I N S P E R AT O AB EO DeSKRTA EST. I Ihould 
 
 take this, fays Cynthio, for the paragraph of a Gazette, rather than the in- 
 fcription of a Medal. I remember you reprefented your ancient Coins as 
 abridgments of hiftory ; but your modern, if there are many of them 
 like this, fhould themfelves be epitomized. Compare with this, fa,ys 
 Thil)ander, the brevity and comprehenfivenefs of thofe legends that ap- 
 pear on ancient Coins. 
 
 Salus Generis human i. Tellus Jldbilita. Gloria Or bis Terras. Taca- 
 tor Orbis. Reftitutor Orbis Terrarum. Gaudiiim Rcipubitcte. Hilari- 
 tas pofuli Romani. Bono Reipub. nati. Roma renafcens. Libcrtas re- 
 ft it ut a. Saculum Aureum. TueUa Fauftiniana;. Rex Tart his datus. 
 Victoria Germanica. Fides Mittua. Ajia Suba^a. Jjidaa capta. Amor 
 mutuus. Genetrix orbis. Sideribtis recepta. Genio Scnatils. Fides 
 exercitus. Trovidentia Senatus. Rejiitutori Hifpania. Adventui Aug. 
 Britannia. Regna Adjignata. Adlocutio. 'Difcipulina Augnfti. Feli- 
 citas public a. Rex Armenis datus. 
 
 What a majcfly and force does one meet with in thefe fliort InfcriptionsJ 
 Are not you amazed to fee fo much hiitory gathered into fo fmall a com- 
 pafs ? You have often the I'ubjed of a Volume in a couple of words. 
 
 If our modern Medals are fo very prolix in their profe, they are every 
 whit as tedious in their verfe. You have fometimes a dull Epigram of 
 four lines. This, fays Cynthio, may be of great ufe to immortalize Punns 
 and Quibbles, and to let pofterity fee their forefathers were a parcel of 
 blockheads. A Coin, I find, may be of great ufe to a bad Poet. If ] e 
 cannot become immortal by the goodnefs of his verfe, he may by the 
 durablenefs of the Metal that fupports it. I fliall give you an inltance, 
 fays Thilander, from a Medal of Guftavns Adolpbus, that will Itand as an 
 eternal monument of Dullnefs and Bravery. 
 
 Miles ego Chrifii, Clirijio duce fterno tyrantiosy 
 
 Hareticos Jimttl et calco meis pedibus. 
 Tar cere Chrifticolis me, debellare feroces 
 
 'Tapicolas Chriftus dux mens en animat. 
 
 fr
 
 534 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 It is well, fays Cyntbio,yovi tell us this is a Medal of the Great Guftavus : 
 I fhould have taken it for fome one of his Goth'te PredeceiTors. Does 
 it not bring into your mind Alexander the Great's being accompanied 
 with a Char tins in his Terfian expedition? If you are offended at the 
 homelinefs of this Infcription, fays 5^";A?;/^i?r, what would you think of 
 fuch as have neither fenfe nor grammar \\\ them. I allure you I have feen 
 the face of many a great Monarch hemmed in with falfe Latin. But it 
 is not only the ftupidity and tedioufnefs of thefe Infcriptions that I find 
 fault with ; fuppofing them of a moderate length and proper fenfe, why 
 muft they be in verfe ? We ihould be furprized to fee the title of a fe- 
 rious book in rhime, yet it is every whit as ridiculous to give the fubjeft 
 of a Medal in a piece of an Hexameter. This however is the practice 
 of our modern Medalliits. If you look into the ancient Infcriptions, 
 you fee an air of fimplicity in the words, but a great magnificence in the 
 thought; on the contrary, in your modern Medals you have generally a 
 trifling thought wrapt up in the beginning or end of an Heroic verfe. 
 Where the fenfe of an Infcription is low, it is not in the power of T)a' 
 rtyls and Spondees to raife it ; where it is noble, it has no need of fuch af- 
 feded ornaments. I remember a Medal of Thil'ip the fecond, on Charles 
 Ip §uinfs refigning to him the Kingdom of Spain ^ with this Infcription, 
 Vt ^lie/cat Atlas. The Device is a H-ercules with the Sphere on his 
 flioulders. Notwithflanding the thought is poetical, I dare fay you 
 would think the beauty of the Infcription very much loft, had it been 
 
 ■^ requiefcat nt Atlas. To inftance a Medal of our own nation. 
 
 After the conclufion of the peace with Holland^ there was one ftampt 
 
 with the following Legend -Rede ant Commercia Flandris. The 
 
 thought is here great enough, but in my opinion it would have looked 
 much greater in two or three words of profe. I think truly, fays £"«- 
 genius^ it is ridiculous enough to make the Infcription run like a piece 
 of a verfe, when it is not taken out of an old Author. But I would fain 
 have your opinion on fuch Infcriptions as are borrowed from the LMtin 
 Poets. I have feen feveral of this fort that have been very prettily ap- 
 plied, and I fancy when they are chofen with art, they fhould not be 
 thought unworthy of a place in your Medals 
 
 Which ever fide I take, fays Thilander, I am hke to have a great party 
 againfl me. Thofe who have formed their relilh on old Coins, will 
 by no means allow of fuch an innovation ; on the contrary, your men of 
 wit will be apt to look on it as an improvement on ancient Medals. 
 
 You
 
 of Ancient Medals. ^-^^ 
 
 Vou tt'iil oblige us however to let us know what kind of rules you would 
 have obferved in the choice of your quotations, fince you feem to lay a 
 ftrefs on their being chofen with Art. You mull: know then, fays Eu- 
 genius, I do not think it enough that a quotation tells us plain matter of 
 fad, unlefs it has fome other accidental ornaments to fet it off. Indeed 
 if a great aftion that feldom happens in the courfe of human affairs, is 
 exaftly: defcribed in the paffage of an old Poet, it gives the Reader a 
 very, agreeable furprize, and may therefore deferve a place on a Medal. 
 
 Again, if there is more than a fingle circumflance of the adion fpe- 
 cified in the quotation, it pleafes a man to fee an old exploit copied out 
 as it were by a Modern, and running parallel with it in feveral of its par- 
 ticulars. 
 
 In the next place, when the quotation is not only apt, but has in it a 
 turn of Wit or Satyr, it is ftill the better qualified-for a Medal, as it has 
 a double capacity of pleafing. 
 
 But there is no Infcription fitter for a Medal, in my opinion, than a 
 quotation that befides its aptnefs has fomething in it lofty and fublime : 
 for fuch a one ftrikes in with the natural greatnefs of the foul, and pro- 
 duces a high idea of the perfon oi' aiSion it celebrates, which is one of 
 the principal defigns of a Medal. 
 
 It is certainly very pleafant, fays Eugenius^ to fee a verfe of an old 
 Poet, revolting as it were from its original fenfe, and Tiding with a mo-, 
 dern fubjeft. But then it ought to do it willingly of its own accord, 
 without being forced to it by any change in the words, or the punc^uar 
 tion : for when this happens, it is no longer the verfe of an ancient Poet, 
 but of him that has converted it to his own ufe. 
 
 You have, I believe, by this time exhaufted your fubje<5^, hys T.bt- 
 lander; and I think the criticifms you have made on the poetical quo- 
 tations that we fo often meet with in our modern Medals, may be very 
 well applied to the Mottos of books, and other Infcriptions of the fame 
 nature. But before we quit the Legends of Medals, I cannot but take 
 notice of a kind of wit that flourifbes very much on many of the mo- 
 dern, efpecially thofe of Germany, when they reprefent in the Infcrip- 
 tion the year in which they were coined. As to mention to you another 
 oi GuJIa}hus Molfhus. ChrIstVsDVX ergo trIYMphVs. If 
 you take the pains to pick out the figures from the feveral words, and 
 range them in their proper order, you will find they amount to 1617, the 
 year in which the Medal was coined ; for do not you obferve fome of 
 the letters diilinguifh themfelves from the reft, and top it over their fel- 
 lows ?
 
 536 Dialogues upon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 lows ? thefe you mult confider in a double capacity, as letters or as cy*- 
 phers. Your laborious German Wits will turn you over a vvhol.- Dictior 
 nary for one of thefe ingenious Devices. You would fancy perhaps they 
 were fearching after an apt claffical term, but inltead of that, they arqi 
 looking out a word that has an L. an M. or a D. in it. When there- 
 fore you fee any of thefe Infcriptions, you are not fo much to look in 
 them for the thought, as for the year of the Lord. There ai'e foreign 
 Univerfities where this kind of wit is fo much in vogue, that as you praife 
 a man in England for being an excellent Philofopher or Poet, it is an or- 
 dinary charafter among them to be a great Chronogrammatilt. Thefe are 
 probably, fays Cyntbio., fome of t.hofe mild provinces of Acrollic land, 
 that Mr. T^rydcn has affigned to his Anagrams, Wings and Altars. We 
 have now done, I fuppofe, with the Legend of a Medal. I think you 
 promifed us in the next place to fpeak of the Figures. 
 
 As we had a great deal of talk on this part of a Coin, replied ?';(7//<2;j?/3^^r, in 
 our difcourfe on the Ufefulnefs of ancient Medal?, I ihall only juil: touch on 
 the chief heads wherein the Ancient and the Modern differ. In the firfl; 
 place, the Romans always appear in the proper Drefs of their country, info- 
 much that you fee the little variations of the Mode in the drapery of the 
 Medal. They would have thought it ridiculous to have drawn an Emperor 
 of Rome in a Grecian Cloak or a Thrygian Mitre. On the contrary, 
 our modern Medals are full of Togas and Tunica's, Trabeas and Talu-. 
 damentnms, with a multitude of the like antiquated garments, that have 
 not been in faihion thefe thoufand years. You fee very often a King 
 of England or France dreffed up like a Julius Cafar. One w^ould think 
 they had a mind to pafs themfelves upon polterity for Roman Emperors. 
 The fame obfervation may run through feveral cuiloms and religions, that 
 appear in our ancient and modern Coins. Nothing is more ufual than to 
 fee Allufions to Roman cuiloms and ceremonies on the Medals of our 
 own nation. Nay very often they carry the iigure of a heathen god. 
 If poiteritv takes its notions of us from our Medals, they mull fancy one 
 of our Kings paid a great devotion to Minerva, that another was -a 
 profelfed Worlhipper of ^/i?//^, or at bell thai our whole religion was a 
 mixture of Paganifm and Chrillianity. Had the old Romans been guiliy 
 of the fame extravagance, there would have been lb great a cojifulion 
 in their Antiquities, that their Coins would not have had half the liles 
 we now find in them. We ought to look on Medals as fo many monu-. 
 ments configned over to Eternity, thai may pollibly lall when all other 
 memorials oftj the Came Age are worn out or loiL They aie a kind of 
 
 Prcfcnt
 
 of Ancient Medals. 537 
 
 Prefent that thofe who are ai^ually in Being make over to fuch as lie hid 
 within the depths of Futurity. Were they only defigned to inftruft the 
 three or four fucceeding generations, they are in no great danger of be- 
 ing mifunderflood : but as they may pals into the hands of a pollerity, that 
 he many removes from us, and are hke to act their part in the world, 
 when its governments, manners, and rehgions, may be quite altered ; we 
 ought to take a particular care not to make any falfe reports in them, or 
 to charge them with any Devices that may look doubtful or unintelligible. 
 
 I have lately feen, fays Eugenius., a Medallic hiftory of the prefent 
 King of France. One might expeft, methinks, to fee the Medals of that 
 nation in the highelt perfection, when there is a fociety penfioned and 
 fet apart on purpofe for the defigning of them. 
 
 We will examine them, if you pleafe, fays Thilander^ in the light that 
 our foregoing obfervations have fet them : but on this condition, that 
 you do not look on the faults I find in them any more than my own pri- 
 vate opinion. In the firft place then, I think it is impoITible to learn from 
 the French Medals either the religion, cuftom, or habits of the French 
 nation. You fee on fome of them the Crofs of our Saviour, and on o- 
 thers Hercules\ Club. In one you- have an Angel, and in another a Mer- 
 cury. I fancy, fays Cynthio, polterity would be as much puzzled on the 
 religion of Louis le Grande were they to learn it from his Medals, as we 
 are at prefent on that of Conjlantine the Great. It is certain, fays Thi- 
 lander., there is the fame mixture of Chriftian and Pagan in their Coins ; 
 nor is there a lefs confufion in their cuftoms. P'or example, what rela- 
 tion is there between the figure of a Bull, and the planting of a French 
 colony in America ? The Romans made ufe of this type in allufion to 
 one of their own cufloms at the fending out of a colony. But for the 
 French^ a Ram, a Hog, or an Elephant, would have been every whit as 
 fignificant an emblem. Then can any thing be more unnatural thsn to 
 -fee a King of France drefled like an Emperor oi Rome, with his arms 
 llripped up to the elbows, a Laurel on his head, and a Cblamys over 
 his flioulders ? I fancy, fays Eugeniusy the fociety of Medallilts would 
 give you their reafons for what they have done. You your felf allow 
 the Legend to be Latin, and why may not the cuiloms and ornaments 
 be of the fame country as the language ? efpecially fince they are all of 
 them fo univerfally underftood by the learned. I own to you, fays Tbilan- 
 der, if they only defign to deliver down to pofterity the feveral parts of 
 their Great Monarch's hillory,it is no matter for the other circumfiancesof 
 a Medal ; but I fancy it would be as great a pleafure and inltrudtion for 
 Vol. I. Z z z future
 
 538 Dialogues t^pon the Ufefulnefs 
 
 future ages, to fee the Dreffes atid Cuftoms of their anceftors,as their Buil- 
 dings and Viftories. Befides, I do not think they have always chofen a 
 proper Occafion for a Medal. There is one ftruck, for example, on the 
 Ef/gli/b MWng'm their attempts onDi/^ikirk: when in the lail reign they 
 endeavoured to blow up a Fort, and bombard the town. What have the 
 French here done to boafl: of? A Medal however you have with this in- 
 fcription, Dvnkirka Ili^sa. Not to cavil atthetwoK's in "Dunkir- 
 ka^ or the impropriey of the word lUafuy the whole Medal, in my opini- 
 on, tends not fo much to the honour of the French as of the Englijhy 
 
 quos opimtis 
 
 Fdllere et ejfugere. eft triumphus. 
 
 I could mention a few other faults, or at lead what I take for fucb. But 
 at the fame time muft be forced to allow, that this Series of Medals is 
 the moil perfeft of any among the moderns in the beauty of the Work, 
 the aptnefs of the Device, and the propriety of the Legend. In thefe 
 and other particulars, the French Medals come nearer the ancients than 
 thofe of any other country, as indeed it is to this nation we are 
 indebted for the belt lights that have been given to the whole 
 fcicnce in general. 
 
 I mull not here forget to mention the Medallic hiflory of the Popes, 
 where there are many Coins of an excellent workmanlhip, as I think they 
 have none of thofe faults that I have fpoken of in the preceding fett. They 
 are always i?ow^»-Catholic in the Device and in the Legend, which are 
 both of them many times taken out of the holy Scriptures, and therefore not 
 unluitable to the charafter of the Prince they reprefent. Thus when /««<;- 
 cent XT. lay under terrible apprehenfions of the French King, he put out a 
 Coin, that on the reverfeof it had a fhip tofTedon the waves to reprefent the 
 Church. Before it, was the figure of our Saviour walking on the waters, and 
 St. P^/^-r ready to fink at his feet. The infcription, if I remember, was 
 in Latin^ Help Lord, or elfe I fer'tfly. This puts me in mind, fays Cyn- 
 thio, of a Pafquinade, that at the fame time was fixed up at Rome. Ad 
 Gain cantum Tetrusftet. But methinks, under this head of the figures 
 on ancient and modern Coins, we might expeft to hear your opinion on 
 the difference that appears in the Workmanfhip of each. You muft know 
 then, fays Thilander, that till about the end of the third Century, when 
 there was a general decay in all the arts of defigning, I do not remember 
 to have feen the head of a Roman Emperor drawn with a full face. They 
 always appear in profit to ufe a French term of art, which gives us the
 
 of Ancient Medals. 559 
 
 view of a head, that, in my opinion, has fomething in it very majcflic,and 
 at the fame time fuits beft with the dimcnlions of a Medal. Befidcs 
 that it ihows the noie and eyebrows, with the feveral prominencies and 
 falUngs in of the features, much more diftinftly than any other kind of 
 figure. In the lower Empire you have abundance of broad Gothic faces, 
 like fo many full Moons on the Tide of a Coin. Among the moderns 
 too, we have of both forts, though the finell are made after the antique. 
 In the next place, you find the figures of many ancient Coins riling up 
 in a much more beautiful relief than thofe on the modern. This too is 
 a beauty that fell with the grandeur of the Roman Emperors, fo that you 
 fee the hce finking by degrees in the feveral declenfions of the Empire, 
 till about Confiantine\ time it lies almoft even with the furface of the 
 Medal. After this it appears fo very plain and uniform, that one would 
 think the Coiner look'd on the flatnefs of a figure as one of the greatelt 
 beauties in Sculpture. I fancy, fays Eugenius^ the Sculptors of that age 
 had the fame reliih as a Greek Priell: that was buying fome religious pi- 
 ctures at Venice. Among others he was fhown a noble piece of Titian. 
 The Prieft having well furvey'd it, was very much fcandalized at the ex- 
 travagance of the relief as he termed it. You know, fays he, our reli- 
 gion forbids all idolatry: We admit of no Images but fuch as are drawn 
 on a fmooth furface : The figure you have here fhown me, Hands fo much 
 out to the eye, that I would no fooner fuffer it in my Church than a 
 Statue, I could recommend your Greek Priefl, fays Thilander^ to abun- 
 dance of celebrated Painters on this fide of the Alps that would not fail to 
 pleafe him. We mufi own however, that the figures on feveral of our 
 modern Medals are raifed and rounded to a very great perfection. But 
 if you compare them in this particular with the moll fini/hcd among the 
 ancients, your men of art declare univerfally for the latter, 
 
 Cynthio and Eugenius^ though they were well pleafed with Thilander\ 
 difcourfe, were glad however to find it at an end : for the Sun began to 
 gather firength upon them, and had pierced the Iheltcr of their walks in 
 feveral places. T hi lander had no fooner done talking, but he grew fen- 
 fible of the heat himfelf, and immediately propofed to his friends the re- 
 tiring to his lodgings, and getting a thicker fliade over their heads. They 
 both of them very readily clofed with the propofal, and by that means 
 ^ve me an opportunity of finifhing my Dialogue. 
 
 Zz z X
 
 THREE SETTS OF 
 
 MEDALS 
 
 Illuftrated by the 
 
 ANCIENT POETS, 
 
 In the foregoing Dialogues. 
 
 dectptt 
 
 Frons prima multos ^ vara mem tntelltgtt 
 
 Intertor't condtdtt qme cura angulo. Pbisdr» 
 
 Muha poetarum vmiet manus^ Auxilto qu<e 
 
 Sit mihi Hor. 
 
 %^^^i<./% 
 
 \}m' 
 
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 I. FELICITATI AVG. COS. III. P.P.S.C. Rewevk of Hadriaft. 
 z. PONTIF. MAX. TR. POT. PP. COS. II. 
 
 3. P.N.R.S.C. Reverfe of Claudius. 
 
 4. S.C. Reverfe of Augujius. 
 
 5. S.P.Q.R.P.P. OB. GIVES SERVATOS. Reverfe of Cali- 
 
 gula. 
 
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 8. PRAETOR RECEPT. Reverfe of Claudius. 
 
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 11. O R I E N S A V G. Re verfe of Aureltan. 
 
 12. Reverfe of Commodus. 
 
 13. GLORIA EXERCITVS. E.S.I.S.> 
 
 14. PRINCIPI IVVENTUTIS. S.C. ^Reverfe of C.«AW. 
 
 15. M. CATO. L. VETTIACVS. If. VIR. LEG. IV. LEG. 
 
 VI. LEG. X. C.C.A. Reverfe of Tiberius. 
 
 16. TR. P. VII. IMP. III. COS. V. P.P. S. C. Reverfe of Trajan. 
 
 17. TR. POT. V. IMP. III. COS. II. S.C. Reverfe of Lucius Ve- 
 
 rus. 
 
 1 8. PAX AVG. S.C. Reverfe of F<?^^/^;;. 
 
 ,9. IMP. VIII. COS. III. P.P. S.C. DE GERMANIS /Reverfe of Marcus 
 xo. IMP. VIII. COS. III. P. P. S.C. DE SARMATIS J Aurelius. 
 ii. Reverfe of Trajan. 
 
 .z%. TR. POT. XIIII. P.P. COS. II. Reverfe of M. Aurelius. 
 ^3. DIVVSAVGVSTVS PATER, coin'd under Tiberius. 
 14. COS. nil S.C. Reverfe of Antoninus Tius.
 
 MEDALS. Series 11.
 
 M- 
 
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 14- 
 
 553 
 
 If- 
 
 1 5. 
 
 »7- 
 
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 Vol. I. 
 
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 6. HIS PAN I A. S.C. Reverfe of Adrian. 
 
 7. ADVENTVI AVG. GALLIAE. S.C. Reverfe of Adrian, 
 
 8. ITALIA. S.C. Kewerfe of Marcus Antoninus. 
 
 9. ROMA. S. C. Reverfe of Nero. 
 
 10. RESTITVTORI ACHAIAE. Reverfe of Adrian. 
 
 11. BRITANNIA. Reverfe of Antoninus Tins. 
 
 xz. RESTITVTORI SICILIAE. S.C. Reverfe of Adrian. 
 
 la. IVDEA CAPTA S. C. ^ 
 
 > Reverfe of Vefpafian. 
 14. VICTORIA AVGVSTI. S. C. 3 
 
 15-. PART HI A. S.C. COS. II. V^^-^txf^ of Antoninus Tins. 
 
 16. ANTIOCHIA. 
 
 17. OTATEIPHNHNK. CMTPN. 2TP. T. *AB. AA. AnOAAI, 
 
 N A P I O T. Reverfe of Marcus Aurelius. 
 
 18. ARAB. ADQ. S.P.Q.R. OPTIMO PRINCIPI S. C. Re- 
 
 verfe of Trajan,
 
 MEDALS. Series III. 
 
 557 
 
 8.
 
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 MEDALS. Series III. 
 
 559 
 
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