BV 
 3175 
 
 M3W58 

 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY
 
 Charles Chapin Tracy 
 
 Missionary, Philanthropist, Educator 
 First President of Anatolia College, Marsovan, Turkey 
 
 BY 
 REV. GEORGE E. WHITE, D.D. 
 
 President of Anatolia College 
 
 THE PILGRIM PRESS 
 
 BOSTON CHICAGO
 
 COPYRIGHT 1918 
 BY GEORGE E. WHITE 
 
 THE PILGRIM PRESS 
 BOSTON
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 BIRTH AND HOME 
 
 Charles Chapin Tracy, the son of Orramel and 
 Cynthia Kellogg Tracy, was born at East Smithfield, 
 Pennsylvania, October 31st, 1838. His father's family 
 had emigrated in 1805 from East Haddam, Connecti- 
 cut, and after a nine days' journey with ox wagons, 
 reached a frontier settlement near Tioga Point at the 
 junction of the Susquehanna and Chemung Rivers. 
 This had been the rallying ground of six Indian nations 
 for 200 years. The boy Orramel Tracy was then 
 twelve years old. Cynthia Kellogg had already arrived 
 with her father's family in 1801 from Poultney, Ver- 
 mont, where three pilgrim households had been organ- 
 ized as a Congregational Church before they set out, 
 like Abraham or the Pilgrim Fathers, to make a new 
 home in the solemn and mysterious wilderness in the 
 west. East Smithfield was the name given the new 
 community. Those were the days of real pioneering. 
 Bears lurked among the trees, panthers tracked lone 
 travelers, and children's blood often ran cold as they 
 listened to the howling of a wolf pack. Traditions in 
 the Tracy and Kellogg families told how children often 
 cried themselves to sleep without supper if the father 
 was too late or too tired to get the bag of grist home 
 from the mill on his shoulder before bedtime. 
 
 Charles Chapin was the sixth of seven children born 
 in the home of his pioneer parents. The dwelling was
 
 2 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 a cabin of two rooms and a loft, built around a huge 
 fireplace and boarded with heavy planks. Outside, 
 part of the land was cleared for cultivation, with in- 
 spiring upland views over river, field and forest beyond. 
 The family bread was made of rye and Indian flour 
 cooked in a kettle banked in coals and ashes. The 
 child watched his father swingling and hetcheling 
 flax, his sisters spinning it, and his mother weaving it 
 on the hand loom, after which she made the coarse 
 garments for her frontier family. Again, the sheep 
 were washed and sheared by the men folks, and then 
 the women spun and wove the wool for winter clothing. 
 Once a year the boy got a pair of shoes, when an 
 itinerant shoemaker visited the home and wrought 
 out of the tanned and waiting hides a meagre supply 
 of foot-gear for the household. In later years Dr. 
 Tracy loved to review the scenes of his childhood with 
 his children and grandchildren. There were the woods 
 where he carried his one-pound ax and chopped beside 
 the men; the field in which he toiled with hoe and 
 scythe, rake and fork; the mountain brook, where he 
 and his little brother began fishing at sunrise, and 
 suddenly found night had come; the berry patch, in 
 which he eagerly hunted the first ripe strawberries, and 
 interpreted the songs which hilarious, intoxicated 
 bobolinks poured into his poet ears; the big stone 
 fireplace, with its evening light and warmth and home 
 cheer. Beside that happy hearth the children gathered 
 winter evenings, one knitting, another sewing, others 
 shelling corn by drawing the ears across a shovel held 
 over a tub, while the father read aloud from " Pilgrim's 
 Progress." " We hold our breath while Greatheart
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 3 
 
 fights with Giant Despair; we wander on the Delecta- 
 ble Mountains; we saunter by the River of the Water 
 of Life amid scenes of unearthly beauty; we look 
 through the gates of the Celestial City. The vision of 
 the wonderful dreamer became wrought into the warp 
 and woof of our lives." Dr. Tracy was a descendant 
 of Sir William de Traci, and traced his ancestors back 
 to Alfred the Great, but he would hold patents of 
 nobility worth while only as they harmonized with the 
 standards of John Bunyan. 
 
 Oh! those halcyon days of hardy, wholesome boy- 
 hood! Chapin was one of a group of brothers and 
 cousins at home in the great forest with its brooks and 
 mill-ponds, its wild life and wood lore, its sunny clear- 
 ings and enchanting vistas. Their hearts were pure, 
 their bodies sound, and their lips were free from the 
 taint of profanity. 
 
 CONVERSION AND CALL 
 
 The Tracy family rode to church every Sunday in 
 the farm wagon, or sled, three and one-half miles each 
 way, or more commonly they walked. In thirty-four 
 years the father was never known to miss a service 
 and he was upright and generous in his dealings through 
 the week. Family prayers were offered twice a day 
 in that humble, God-fearing home; the Bible was read 
 through twenty-two times from Genesis to Revelation 
 at that family altar; when the father was away the 
 mother led. And such prayers! "How my mother 
 prayed! That voice speaks to me from the far past, 
 as if from another world. She prayed for every one of
 
 4 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 us. I was fifteen years old when she died, but feel as 
 if she had never left me through these eventful years." 
 No wonder all of the seven children grew up as Chris- 
 tians and were active in the church. The poetic 
 temperament and thirst for education were part of 
 the heritage transmitted by the mother to her youngest 
 son. 
 
 When Chapin was about sixteen years of age he 
 discovered that God was his Father, and the decision 
 to live in the light of that discovery was made in an 
 evening walk home from church. Conversion with him 
 meant a call to the Christian ministry and he began 
 resolutely to prepare for his life work. Before the 
 Pennsylvania Legislature passed laws establishing a 
 public school system for the state, four Tracy brothers, 
 living on neighboring farms, united to maintain a 
 family school for their children three months each 
 winter. In this way our boy had received a good 
 common school education. When an Academy was 
 built in the village, he attended it a term or two. He 
 also attended a debating society meeting at the 
 Academy, and some papers which he contributed to 
 its publication, " The Mental Summary," were long 
 preserved as indications of budding genius by his 
 friends. By fifteen years of age he was writing oc- 
 casional poems. For a short time he was in the High 
 School at Athens, Pennsylvania, and for one term was 
 a schoolmaster himself. He became a champion 
 speller and the first time he ever met his future wife 
 was at the Bradford County Teachers' Convention, 
 at which he spelled down the whole company. 
 
 But the classics and higher mathematics were be-
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 5 
 
 yond the reach of these schools and their scholars. 
 The subject of our sketch had been named for the pas- 
 tor, Rev. Charles Chapin Corss. Miss Nancy Corss 
 had a good education, and she helped the would-be 
 scholar to get his start in Latin and Greek. Beyond 
 this aid he studied alone; he was largely self-taught, 
 educated on the farm. The day he was twenty-one, 
 the future college president wrestled hard with the 
 stony soil and wrestled within himself as great aims 
 and worthy ambitions struggled in his mind. He 
 carried a text-book with him into the field and at 
 intervals dug into it, as he dug into the soil, resolving 
 meanwhile to learn, to achieve, and to serve. Before 
 Chapin was twenty-one his father and mother had both 
 died, and the family began to scatter. His brother 
 Alonzo was a soldier in the Civil War and gave his 
 life for his country at Gettysburg. Two other brothers 
 were subsequently members of the State Legislature. 
 
 In early life Chapin developed a passion for music 
 and was consumed with the desire for a violin. He 
 had more genius than cash, so with his pocket knife 
 and a few simple tools he manufactured a violin and 
 became quite proficient in playing on it. Many years 
 later he not only wrote the Anatolia College Hymn, 
 which appears on another page, but he strummed on 
 the organ the air that Professor Daghlian wrought 
 into the music wedded to that hymn. 
 
 On the beautiful Sabbath day, July 4, 1858, when at 
 twenty years of age C. C. Tracy united with the 
 church, as he walked home with his double cousin, 
 John D. Tracy, he said, " I have given my whole 
 heart to Jesus."
 
 6 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 Dr. Tracy later taught his grandchildren: 
 
 That much of youthful hardship is in reality privi- 
 lege; 
 
 That such intimate communion with wilder nature 
 as pioneer experience affords is well for the soul; 
 
 That hatred of work can be replaced with enthusi- 
 asm for it; 
 
 That a hill farm much given to stones and hard- 
 pan is an excellent school of patience; 
 
 That a poor young man, busy with strenuous manual 
 labor, can at the same time prepare for college; 
 
 That when one encounters the impossible, it is well 
 to walk all around it expecting to find a hidden pos- 
 sibility; 
 
 That life and labor count for most where they are 
 most needed, and that there are more golden weddings 
 in the missionary class than in any other class of equal 
 numbers. 
 
 WILLIAMS COLLEGE AND MARK HOPKINS 
 
 In 1862 a young man with high ambitions and some 
 trepidation made his way to Williams College and 
 applied for admission to the Junior class. The 
 examining professor asked him where he had prepared 
 for college. " On the farm," was the answer. The 
 teacher looked doubtful, but assigned the applicant 
 a passage in Caesar and gave him half an hour to 
 prepare to translate and recite on it. As soon as the 
 young student glanced at the passage, however, he 
 said, " I am ready now, sir," and he plunged into the 
 business of his examination like a war horse charging
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 7 
 
 in a fray. Horace followed, then Livy, then a similar 
 examination in Greek authors and other subjects, 
 and as a result the professor said, " Tracy, you have 
 done well." He was admitted to the Junior class. 
 
 He was very happy in his college course, most of all 
 in his relation with his revered president. Young 
 Tracy revelled in the teaching, thinking, preaching of 
 Dr. Hopkins. He absorbed the philosophy taught, 
 and described with s'pecial admiration Mark Hopkins' 
 preaching, when he would heave up great boulders 
 of thought, crack them open and construct great 
 temples of divine theology and human duty, fair and 
 large to dwell in. The president used to climb the 
 belfry stairs to see the student and encourage him. 
 Acquaintance between the two ripened into an affec- 
 tionate friendship maintained throughout life. In later 
 years Dr. Tracy taught with eagerness " The Scripture 
 Idea of Man " to his own pupils. 
 
 Tracy had a fair share of college honors, and he 
 always had a full share of jokes and fun. He was more 
 mature than most of the students, and he was studying 
 with a sacred purpose. Leading men remember still 
 his helpful share in college revival efforts. He lived 
 in the tower and rang the bell to earn money to pay 
 on college bills. Though never bookish, he was 
 ranked by his classmates as one of the six brainiest 
 men among the forty-five, and he graduated in 1864 
 as class poet and with Phi Beta Kappa rank, which 
 were no light honors for a student who prepared for 
 college on the farm and entered the Junior class direct. 
 The subject of his poem was " Joy." In 1884 he was 
 again class poet at the twentieth anniversary of
 
 8 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 graduation, " And Now I Sing of Toil." Williams 
 College conferred upon its alumnus the degree of 
 Master of Arts in course, in 1867; and the honorary 
 degree of Doctor of Divinity in 1894. 
 
 UNION SEMINARY. LIFE WORK 
 
 Young Tracy went direct from Williams College to 
 Union Seminary in 1864, and here the country youth 
 came into touch with the life of the great metropolis. 
 A student with acquisitive and unsated mind, he came 
 under the formative influence of such mighty teachers 
 as Drs. Roswell D. Hitchcock, Henry B. Smith, and 
 the irenic and pellucid William G. T. Shedd. Some 
 of the choicest memories of those years were associated 
 with private studies in the Pauline Epistles and prayer 
 together by a group of chums in their own rooms for 
 the purpose of deepening their own spiritual life. 
 Andrus of Mardin, a classmate in college and seminary 
 and a life-long friend, was one of that student group. 
 Young Tracy supported himself in part by private 
 tutoring. One summer vacation spent in Minnesota 
 gave him a taste of home missions, and one in Chicago 
 a taste of city missions before he entered the wider 
 foreign field, and he had some experience in slum mis- 
 sion work in the great metropolis. 
 
 He had been consecrated to the Master for mission- 
 ary service by his saintly mother from the beginning, 
 and his own heart caught the passion in boyhood years 
 when the schooner " Morning Star " was purchased 
 by the gifts of the Sunday School children of America 
 for mission service among the Micronesian Islands.
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 9 
 
 Charles Chapin Tracy graduated from Union Seminary 
 in June, 1864, was ordained by the Third Presbytery 
 of New York, July 17th, married Myra H. Park, 
 August 14th, and August 24th he and his bride sailed 
 for Turkey. They entered the matchless harbor of 
 Constantinople in company with Dr. Edwin Bliss, 
 Dr. Isaac Bliss, Dr. J. K. Greene and their wives, and 
 that was no ordinary company. One of their most 
 intimate future associates, Rev. George F. Herrick, 
 was waiting for the little boat that brought the new 
 recruits from the steamer to the shore, and he inter- 
 preted their eager greetings as meaning, " Your new 
 associates have come. We are glad to be here. We 
 have come to stay." They were welcomed to the 
 home of Dr. and Mrs. Schauffler, and always regarded 
 them as their missionary parents. 
 
 In offering his service to the American Board, Mr. 
 Tracy recorded his conviction, " that all men are lost 
 sinners, and the only way of salvation is through the 
 vicarious sacrifice of Christ," and continued: " I 
 think I am a Christian because I desire more than 
 anything else to escape from sin and be like Christ. 
 I think the preacher's great duty is by all means to 
 bring men to Christ. I desire to be a missionary be- 
 cause it is the most direct work for the advancement 
 of Christ's kingdom. As to suffering, it is welcome if 
 Christ comes with it. I hope to make this my life 
 work." 
 
 MARSOVAN AND THE MISSION STATION 
 
 Marsovan (also written Merzifoun and Marsivan) 
 is favorably located on the border of a fertile plain,
 
 10 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 probably Strabo's " Plain of a Thousand Villages." 
 In the background the Tavshan, or Rabbit Mountains, 
 tower up more than 6,000 feet above the sea level, and 
 every morning the sun rises over one or other shoulder 
 of Ak Dagh, our Mont Blanc. The latitude is about 
 that of New York City, while the winters are short and 
 not excessively severe. The elevation of the plain, 
 nearly 2500 feet, tempers the heat of summer, and the 
 sky over all is the wonderful Mediterranean blue. A 
 majority of the days are usually cloudless. The 
 climate is dry and the stars shine clear. The region is 
 a winter grain country, wheat and barley being the 
 principal farm products. Cherries, apples, peaches, 
 plums, pears, apricots, and grapes are among the fruits 
 grown in abundance; potatoes, tomatoes, onions, 
 squashes, beets, beans, peas and other vegetables and 
 greens are raised without difficulty; English walnuts, 
 almonds and filberts in quantity represent the nut 
 crops. It is about seventy miles to the sea and the 
 ships at Samsoun, a progressive harbor city on the 
 Black Sea. 
 
 In 1867, Marsovan was hardly more than an over- 
 grown Turkish and Armenian village, with some 15,000 
 inhabitants. A cat might sometimes be seen to jump 
 across a street from one house roof to another. The 
 earliest missionaries had found only two houses in 
 the place with glass in their windows. But the people 
 in general were of friendly, responsive, progressive 
 types. The city had been frequently visited and 
 temporarily occupied by pioneer missionaries, when in 
 1860, Rev. and Mrs. J. Y. Leonard of Csesarea Station 
 received permission from the Western Turkey Mission
 
 CHARLES CHAPIX AND MYRA PARK TRACY IX 1S()/ 
 CONSTANTINOPLE
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 11 
 
 to settle there permanently without associates. But 
 in 1862, it was decided to locate the Theological 
 Seminary and the Girls' Boarding School of the Mis- 
 sion at some point in the interior, and Marsovan was 
 selected as the place. Accordingly, in 1863 Mr. and 
 Mrs. Dodd were transferred from Smyrna, and Rev. 
 and Mrs. J. F. Smith and Miss Eliza Fritcher, new 
 recruits from America, were designated to Marsovan. 
 One day Mr. Leonard, Mr. Dodd, and Mr. Smith 
 mounted their horses and climbed the Dere Keuy 
 bridle path away up to the top of a magnificent spur 
 of the Tavshan Mountains. The view from there 
 includes the whole plain and range after range of 
 mountains beyond. A vision opens before the eyes 
 worthy to be compared with that of Moses on Mount 
 Nebo. And there, under a pine tree, with prayer to 
 God and definite planning for their mission work, these 
 three men organized Marsovan Station, and elected 
 their chairman, secretary, and treasurer. The spirit 
 of wisdom, power and grace was upon the group from 
 the start. 
 
 MORNING DAYS IN MARSOVAN 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. Tracy reached Marsovan, October 
 28th, 1867, after a horseback ride of three days up 
 from the coast over the mountains, through the forests, 
 and along the valleys, and they were welcomed, as 
 only missionaries can welcome one another, by Mr. 
 and Mrs. Leonard, Mr. and Mrs. Smith, and Miss 
 Fritcher. Mr. Dodd had already fallen a victim to the 
 scourge of cholera in 1865, and his body lies in the 
 serene God's acre in one corner of the mission com-
 
 12 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 pound. Miss Anna Felician and many other Protes- 
 tant friends shared in the welcome given the new 
 arrivals. " Pampish Anna " was the only native 
 person in the town then able to speak English. She 
 had been a teacher and a force in the Girls' School 
 from the day the institution opened. She was, and 
 still is, easily the most influential native woman in 
 the city, known to all the people, including the 
 government officials, and a person of clear sight, 
 sound judgment, and strong Christian conviction. 
 The first task of the new missionaries was the 
 learning of Armenian, for the Armenians were the 
 first people in Turkey to respond to the message 
 of representatives from Christian America, and both 
 became thoroughly at home in using it. Dr. Tracy 
 once remarked of the Armenian in the presence of 
 a delighted college audience, " That's one of my 
 native languages." 
 
 The young couple eagerly took their share in the 
 pioneer work of a mission station, making and receiv- 
 ing calls, preaching or leading meetings, teaching 
 classes, and touring among the new Protestant com- 
 munities that were springing up in the towns and 
 villages round about. 
 
 FIRST IMPRESSIONS 
 
 Mr. Tracy wrote: "This is Turkey as it presents 
 itself to me: selfishness prevails; truth and righteous- 
 ness are trampled upon whenever people dare to do 
 it; extortion, inefficiency, folly, bribery, oppression, 
 bear the name of government. Right, separate from 
 self-interest, is an idea that has not yet dawned upon
 
 CHARLES CHAP IN TRACY 13 
 
 the Turk. A moral torpor prevails, the hand of justice 
 is palsied. The moral basis of commerce is wanting. 
 Every one is as dishonest as he can be under the 
 circumstances. 
 
 " If you wish to know how we feel, I will thus express 
 it, we are satisfied. The field is great enough, the 
 work extensive enough, the sense of our Master's 
 approval encouragement enough. The plain of Marso- 
 van is beautiful; the ring of mountains around is 
 grand; the air is as fine and healthful as New England. 
 I thank God we are here." 
 
 Mrs. Tracy adds: " Marsovan looked to me like a 
 dreary place in which to spend one's life, with its 
 narrow, dirty streets, and not a tree or flower or bit of 
 grass to be seen. But there was much to encourage in 
 the missionary work. The Board owned one building, 
 the lower floor of which was used as a chapel on the 
 Sabbath and for a boys' school during the week and 
 the upper floor as a missionary residence. There was 
 a congregation of 300 already gathered and a Sunday 
 School of 300, for all who went to the morning service 
 went to the afternoon Sunday School. There was a 
 women's meeting every Friday afternoon attended 
 by 100 women. I thought it a wonderful work. Mrs. 
 Leonard took me to visit the homes, and I was interested 
 in the women, and never homesick. Our first year 
 was a very happy one." 
 
 TRAINING MEN TO PREACH 
 
 It will soon be 100 years since the first American 
 missionaries reached the Levant. The outstanding 
 features of this century, viewed by quarters, are:
 
 14 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 1819-1844, Learning what to do and how to do it. 
 1844-1869, Evangelization and Church Organization. 
 1869-1894, Education, Publication, Medical Work. 
 1894- Reconstruction in Church, State and So- 
 
 ciety. 
 
 During the first quarter century of missions in 
 Turkey not a church was organized. The purpose 
 was to proclaim the spirit of the gospel with the least 
 possible attention to denominations. But the wine 
 of new life could not be contained by the wine skins of 
 old form, and a ferment of thinking, questioning and 
 deciding was started among the Armenians. In 1846 
 public anathemas were pronounced by the Patriarch 
 of the Armenian Church, excommunicating his mem- 
 bers of Protestant tendencies, and in the same year 
 the first Protestant church was organized as a natural 
 result. The preaching of the gospel was welcomed, 
 revival scenes were common, evangelical churches were 
 formed, a large secession from the National Church 
 took place. And now of course there must be trained 
 Protestant ministers to serve and lead the churches. 
 
 Cyrus Hamlin, the pioneer American educator in 
 Turkey, founded a seminary in Bebek, a suburb of 
 Constantinople, in 1840. In time the institution 
 bifurcated; Dr. Hamlin remained at the capital and 
 established Robert College; theological education 
 and the Girls' Boarding School of the Mission were 
 removed to Marsovan. The early students were men 
 of meagre education but high purpose; they were 
 mature in years but eager to learn; with little culture 
 in things of the world, they were men of strong char-
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 15 
 
 acter; unprepared for metropolitan pulpits, they were 
 ready to keep cheerfully preaching while dodging the 
 missiles thrown through the windows from outside; 
 they were modest men, but men of spiritual power. 
 The new missionary proved to be an inspiring teacher, 
 unique and unconventional in method, stimulating 
 and forceful. At the first commencement of the 
 Seminary in 1868, eight men were graduated; at the 
 same time five girls received the first diplomas given 
 by the Girls' School; visiting ministers and mission- 
 aries organized the " Central Evangelical Union of 
 Churches "; Mr. Avedis Assadourian, a teacher in 
 the Seminary, was ordained; and five students were 
 licensed to preach. It was a heartening occasion. 
 At the Jubilee of the institution in 1914 it was stated 
 that 119 men had been graduated, and about 180 
 had been enrolled as students. In spite of absence 
 for occasional furlough or other purposes, Dr. Tracy 
 had personally shared in teaching practically every 
 man for at least some part of his course. First and 
 last he taught quite a variety of subjects, as occasion 
 required, particularly in Exposition of Scripture and 
 the Evidences of Christianity. The " Notes on He- 
 brews," which he published, grew out of his work in the 
 classroom. 
 
 CONSTANTINOPLE 
 
 Early years brought the Tracy home its full share of 
 sickness with the refining discipline of suffering and 
 sorrow as a result. In 1870 Mrs. Tracy's health was 
 in a threatening condition and there was no doctor 
 in Marsovan. The family was therefore transferred
 
 16 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 to Constantinople. Mr. Tracy himself was soon 
 obliged to spend several months in Switzerland as a 
 health measure. Of the first three children born in 
 their home the firstborn died in Marsovan, the second 
 in Constantinople, and little Myra early in their first 
 furlough. 
 
 In connection with the other missionaries at Con- 
 stantinople, Mr. Tracy not only actively engaged in 
 preaching and general work, but he established the 
 " Child's Paper " in Armenian and also published it in 
 Armeno-Turkish and in Greek. For three years the 
 editor wrote all the material that he contributed with 
 his own hand, and this confirmed him in a ready and 
 accurate use of the language. In later years, when 
 Armenian authors were listed and honored, Dr. Tracy's 
 name came to be included by the Armenians them- 
 selves, a recognition which few missionaries have ever 
 attained. At this time he wrote and published his little 
 volume in Armenian entitled, " Letters to Families," 
 which had a wide circulation and rendered useful 
 service. 
 
 MARSOVAN AGAIN. FAMINE 
 
 When furlough time for the Smith family came, the 
 Tracys were summoned back to Marsovan. In our 
 region the rainfall is less than 20 inches per annum, 
 and the crops are often on the border line of danger 
 from drought. In 1873-'74 there was drought in 
 dead earnest, and in its wake stalked grim famine. 
 Moslems and Christians thronged their cemeteries 
 and sanctuaries with prayers and cantillations and 
 sacrifices to God and the saints for the rain that did
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 17 
 
 not come. Irrigation and the dry farming principles 
 that are to turn this country into a paradise have not 
 even yet arrived. The crops dried up and the people 
 were hungry. The flocks and herds were starving 
 too, as they depended on straw for their winter fodder 
 through two months of snow. People were dying all 
 about, all were suffering, and hundreds of haggard and 
 tottering refugees reached Marsovan from the worse 
 stricken regions further east, their skins blackened with 
 famine and their bodies only half covered with foul 
 rags. Children were seen with the bones almost 
 protruding through their skin. " Famine bread " 
 was sometimes made of barley bran, or chaff 
 and meal, or with grape seeds or grass among the 
 ingredients. 
 
 Aid was sent from America and other Christian 
 lands, and Marsovan missionaries undertook their first 
 work for relief. The soup kitchens and bread rations 
 which they established saved many lives. Later the 
 people were helped to get seed wheat and animals, and 
 to take a new start in life. The Americans suffered 
 in spirit as well as in body with the miserable people 
 about them. Sometimes food could hardly be bought 
 in the market or brought even secretly to the homes. 
 Famine fever followed the famine, and Mrs. Tracy and 
 her two children were among those who suffered with 
 it. Mr. Tracy himself broke down under the strain, 
 and the family was obliged in broken health to return 
 to America. They had been away from home eight 
 long years.
 
 18 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 FIRST FURLOUGH 
 
 Many missionaries fail in health and some fail in 
 heart during their first term of service. For three 
 years Mr. and Mrs. Tracy dwelt among old friends and 
 scenes before their physical condition was adequately 
 restored. Mr. Tracy worked on the farm again, turned 
 his hand to painting, and recovered personal tone by 
 means of manual labor. He and his wife spoke often 
 in the interests of missions, to which they were wholly 
 committed, and visited many churches especially in 
 New York state. Added grief came to the loving parents 
 in the death of their Myra, and her father prepared 
 and published " The Life of Little Myra," a child's 
 story of missionary life. 
 
 SECOND WIND 
 
 At forty years of age Mr. Tracy was again in Marso- 
 van with his wife and their two sons, Charles Kellogg 
 and Henry Chester. Some changes had taken place. 
 A macadamized road had been built instead of the bridle 
 path up from the coast, and even springless wagons 
 were an advance over horse or mule caravans. The 
 war with Russia and the Congress of Berlin were just 
 over, and there was a note of hope in the air. Mission 
 work was well established in the compound. The 
 church in the city had a large and growing congrega- 
 tion, and included in its membership three persons 
 who had been born Moslem Turks. Important out- 
 stations were developing in cities such as Samsoun and 
 Amasia, and in villages such as Kapou Kaya, which 
 were almost as fruitful in producing ministers and
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 19 
 
 teachers as the hill towns of New England. The 
 Station in 1879 decided to scatter forces somewhat, 
 as an experiment, and the Tracy family spent two 
 winters in Amasia. Though the children remembered 
 those winters as dreary and lonesome, the parents were 
 happy in their missionary activities, in that large city 
 on the banks of the Iris River where once King Mithri- 
 dates had his capital. There were three schools for 
 girls, day and evening schools for boys, and much 
 encouraging work. And yet the daily routine of an 
 American family was obscure and humdrum. The 
 reward of public approval later was deserved by its 
 high cost in personal self-sacrifice at the earlier date. 
 As a permanent policy it was wiser for the Americans 
 to concentrate their forces at the center and tour among 
 the out-stations of the field as much as might be pos- 
 sible. These journeys often involved much hardship 
 and danger from winter storms, highway robbers and 
 unsanitary conditions. Once the Black Sea steamer 
 on which Mr. Tracy was traveling was wrecked in a 
 storm. But most missionaries love the work of 
 touring. The zest of exploring the new country, the 
 welcome by friends of the Protestant communities, 
 the hospitality shown in student homes, gospel preach- 
 ing to congregations awake and alert, organizing 
 Sunday School work, distributing Bibles and other 
 literature, and conferences with regard to church and 
 community activities are all experiences of surpassing 
 interest. 
 
 YOKE FELLOWS 
 
 If Marsovan Station has possessed any element of 
 strength it is largely the loyal cooperation of its mem-
 
 20 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 bers with one another. This is not to be taken for 
 granted of every missionary group so lightly as out- 
 siders may suppose. In western lands if people differ 
 they can separate and take new positions or find new 
 associates. A group of missionaries are thrown back 
 upon their own personal resources, and it sometimes 
 gets on one's nerves; however much they may disagree, 
 it is practically impossible to separate. Men and 
 women of strong convictions likely to pull in different 
 directions must acquire and maintain grace to pull 
 together, though the process may involve really painful 
 experiences. A wise native gentleman in Marsovan 
 once remarked, " We never hear of any troubles among 
 our missionaries. If you have difficulties you settle 
 them among yourselves, and I think that is the right 
 way." 
 
 On the other hand, it would be harder to find closer 
 friendship than in a mission station. The Master 
 said, " Go ye into all the world and preach the gospel." 
 Men and women who honestly and conscientiously 
 devote their lives in obedience to this command are 
 drawn into very deep and sacred relations as they pray 
 and work, suffer and rejoice together year after year. 
 They meet experiences of sickness, death and danger 
 together; together they enter into the joy and the re- 
 sult of work well done. In one instance some personal 
 difficulty arose between Mr. Tracy and a fellow mis- 
 sionary. It was settled late one evening when the 
 two men, together and on their knees in prayer, with 
 arms over each other's shoulders, got rid of the difficulty.
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 21 
 
 PLANTING A COLLEGE 
 
 The standard of instruction in the Seminary, as in 
 the Girls' School, was raised more than once to meet 
 the advancing requirements of the churches and the 
 students, and the institution reached a flourishing 
 condition. Young men who were not committed to the 
 ministry also began to be candidates for an education, 
 and in 1883 Seminary instruction was readjusted with 
 a theological course of three years following a high 
 school course. The latter was open to students with- 
 out regard to the ministry as a profession. The 
 Armenians called imperatively for a college and offered 
 to share in supporting it. The Evangelical Churches 
 needed it to sustain their leadership in the field. The 
 whole country required that type of service which has 
 been rendered by the colleges of America, many of them 
 doing some of their best work under pioneer conditions. 
 A college was the logic of the situation. It was in- 
 evitable in the trend of events, and the " High School 
 in a Cellar," with Mr. Tracy as its principal, graduated 
 its first and only class in 1886 and was merged into 
 Anatolia College. 
 
 The American Board, in accordance with its general 
 policy, had put down a group of men, four in number, 
 in Marsovan, and what was done there depended upon 
 whether they did it or not. Rev. J. F. Smith was a 
 sound and conservative financier; Dr. Edward Riggs, 
 a broad and thorough scholar; Dr. G. F. Herrick, a 
 strong and devoted administrator; and Dr. C. C. 
 Tracy was the President of the institution from the 
 start. Of the Armenians cooperating, Professor Gara-
 
 22 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 bed Thoumayan and Dr. Melcon Altounian were among 
 the leaders, and they, together with Hagop Effendi 
 Bedrosian, Dr. Jeremiah Altounian and Barsam Agha 
 Manissadjian, were members of the first Board of 
 Managers. 
 
 The name " Anatolia " is of Greek origin and means 
 " The Land of the Rising Sun." It is applied to the 
 Asiatic wing of the Turkish Empire for one whose 
 standpoint is Constantinople. It is virtually the 
 local name for Asia Minor. The young institution 
 was not encumbered with assets, but it had a wide field 
 and a worthy label; it was authorized to use the narrow 
 grounds and the small building of the Seminary in 
 common with the latter institution; it had the en- 
 dorsement of the Evangelical Union of Churches and 
 the Western Turkey Mission. Above all, it had the 
 backing of the American Board in Boston, whose 
 Prudential Committee were the Trustees of the in- 
 stitution, and it was to receive for the time being a 
 grant in aid of 31,200 a year from the American Board. 
 Anatolia College had also the men with potential 
 ability to make the institution what it ought to be- 
 come. The seal appropriately represents the sun 
 rising over one or other shoulder of a mountain, just 
 as is seen from the front door of the college, and rising 
 on a cloudy morning. The motto is " Morning 
 Cometh," and the colors, adopted later, are blue and 
 gold, the blue of the Anatolia sky, and the gold of the 
 Anatolia dawn. 
 
 The course of study covered four collegiate and two 
 preparatory years. It was the aim to give an adequate 
 working knowledge of the English language, together

 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 23 
 
 with Turkish, the language of the country, French, 
 the international language of the Levant, and the 
 student's vernacular, whether Armenian or Greek; 
 also at least an elementary education in the Sciences, 
 Mathematics, History, Philosophy, Economics and 
 Scripture. The diploma has been usually recognized 
 by American universities and professional schools and 
 justified by those students who have come to this 
 country for more advanced education. 
 
 COLLEGE PRESIDENT 
 
 Only those who have had some actual share in such 
 work can adequately realize the labor, the strain, the 
 agony involved, as well as the joy of entering into the 
 reward in founding and building up a pioneer college. 
 Once, in a whimsical mood, the President drew his 
 " Coat of Arms " in a friend's autograph album, in- 
 cluding on the traditional shield, pick, trowel, awl, 
 ax, gun, plane, pen, telescope, book, bell, diploma, 
 white-wash brush, shears, tailor's goose, medicine 
 bottle, plow and flail, all of which he said he had been 
 called upon to use. 
 
 First in administration was the winning of a faculty. 
 The College organization was unusual. The American 
 missionaries, to a considerable extent, shared in teach- 
 ing and in administration, but a majority of the staff 
 of instruction were natives of Turkey. Promising 
 young graduates were employed as teachers, and then 
 encouraged, and assisted with loans of money if neces- 
 sary, to take advanced courses in Europe or America 
 to prepare for permanent service. In this way such 
 men as Professor Manissadjian, Professor Sivaslian,
 
 24 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 Professor Theocharides, Professor Hagopian, Professor 
 Xenides, Professor Daghlian, and others, as the years 
 went by, became masters in their respective depart- 
 ments of instruction, leaders of their people outside, 
 authors of books and many articles in print, lecturers 
 and preachers of renown, and useful, public-spirited 
 citizens. The winning disposition of the President 
 succeeded in gathering around him in the College 
 Faculty, men of several different nationalities who 
 cooperated in loyalty with one another, partly, at 
 least, in response to his personality, which seemed to 
 stimulate and bring out the best in every man. 
 
 Most of the students at first were Armenians, with 
 the few Greeks later increasing to the first place in 
 numbers. For the most part they came from humble 
 homes which represented little of culture, travel, 
 property or knowledge of the world. They came long 
 journeys in springless wagons, on horseback, by mule 
 train or donkey caravan, from a life so simple that 
 sometimes there was not a calendar within reach by 
 which the opening day of the College could be calcu- 
 lated. Many young men with a thirst for knowledge, 
 honorable ambition, and a willingness to work hard 
 in order to win, were so poorly clad as hardly to be 
 warm in winter and so poorly shod that they could say 
 one to another, " Our teachers know the inside of the 
 library or the laboratory better than we do, but we 
 know the location of every thistle on the campus 
 better than they do." Discipline was strict and 
 students were often dropped from attendance. Mem- 
 bership in the student body was kept at a premium. 
 The College table was as plain as it could be made con-
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 25 
 
 sistently with providing sufficient wholesome and 
 nourishing food, and the price for ten months' board 
 was fixed at 326.40. When the student numbers were 
 swarming they lodged willingly in attic rooms or sheds, 
 forgetting to complain of material discomforts, if but 
 their outreach for knowledge, civilization, and a man's 
 chance in life might be satisfied. The enthusiasm of 
 the President pervaded the student body and fixed 
 attention on things worth while. 
 
 OVERCOMING PREJUDICES 
 
 Looking backward from this distance, it is not easy 
 to realize how many prejudices had to be overcome 
 by the " Hat wearers " in those early days. The 
 College was not national but international in character 
 from the start, and the races of Turkey did not find 
 it wholly easy to cooperate with one another. Not 
 to dwell now upon Moslem sentiment, Eastern Chris- 
 tians were to some extent jealous for their own churches 
 and fearful of Protestant influence. One of the most 
 trying experiences in the early history of the institution 
 took place when there was a serious College rebellion 
 in defiance of the rules regarding religious observances. 
 Nearly twenty students were dropped as a result. 
 The College was to maintain a position of loyal evan- 
 gelical Christianity, interpreted in a sympathetic and 
 catholic spirit. Doodoo, the faithful family servant 
 and friend, was talking one day with a student of 
 Gregorian Church connection, who said, " I have been 
 watching these Protestants since I came here. They 
 are not as bad as I thought they were. There's Mr. 
 Tracy, he's not a bad man."
 
 26 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 " Not a bad man," echoed the servant. " You may 
 well say so. He's such a man that I have lived seven- 
 teen years in his family and he has never hurt my feel- 
 ings once. He is such a man that when I am clearing 
 the table and find water left in his glass I take a sip 
 with a prayer that I may imbibe some of his spirit." 
 
 One day, in Amasia, Mrs. Tracy had given a prepara- 
 tion of iron to a neighbor's child. A woman standing 
 by said, " Give me some; I have no appetite." She 
 took a little, but instantly ran away in distress exclaim- 
 ing, "What have I done? I have taken Protestant 
 medicine. It will make a Protestant of me." 
 
 " BELIEVE THAT YE HAVE THEM " 
 
 A visitor once expressed amusement at the Marsovan 
 way of getting buildings. " First you build a woodshed, 
 then you enlarge it, next you put on a second story, 
 you add an ell, then you repair the whole and behold, 
 you have a useful school building." This method was 
 Mr. Tracy's way of meeting two difficulties at once, 
 the financial and the political. He could not often com- 
 mand generous sums of money, and he could not wait 
 to complete large amounts before using what was in 
 hand. But building permits were not always to be 
 secured. Even when local officials and leading citi- 
 zens were quite friendly, government officers were 
 often required to refer such applications made by 
 foreigners in the provinces to Constantinople, and 
 there the petition was likely to be lost " under the 
 cushion." The city governor would sometimes say, 
 " I really cannot authorize a new structure. For that 
 you must take your application to the capital, but I
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 27 
 
 can allow you a permit for repairs and I will construe 
 it rather liberally. If that is sufficient, you may 
 proceed." In this way " the old College building " 
 developed, growing out of what was first put up for 
 theological instruction alone, and a happy throng of 
 students and a good and growing educational work 
 were housed there for years. Later, the Hospital began 
 its career in a rebuilt shed, used for drying lumber, and 
 actually did its work there for fifteen years. The 
 situation required fertility of resource to turn the edge 
 of difficulties and to keep moving forward. There was 
 no one to teach physics, so the President did it himself 
 for several years. He and the students had a real 
 good time together studying text-books and con- 
 structing and using spluttering apparatus. Every 
 step in advance was hailed as an achievement: a plot 
 of land added to the College holdings, the east dormi- 
 tory, the fountain in front of the building, the pretty 
 garden, the arrival of Mr. Wingate, the first in a line of 
 splendid American tutors. 
 
 GROWING PAINS 
 
 How many persons unite in the task of building a 
 typical American College! Anatolia has enjoyed the 
 confidence, sympathy, and personal support of a wide 
 and loyal body of friends, some of whom may read 
 these lines. In addition to those whose names appear 
 in these pages, many individuals have made their 
 contributions, some of them repeatedly, also churches, 
 Sunday Schools, missionary societies, clubs and other 
 organizations. In this way ground has been purchased 
 from time to time, the plant has been enlarged, equip-
 
 28 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 ment has been added, the industrial department has 
 been built up, the salaries of teachers have been met, 
 and aid has been given promising students who other- 
 wise could not continue in the institution. 
 
 Mr. Smith, as a wise financier, kept the young 
 College from falling under the incubus of a debt. Rev. 
 Edward Riggs was in America when the institution 
 began its career and secured the beginning of an en- 
 dowment for the Greek professorship in the name of his 
 father, Dr. Elias Riggs, the famous missionary scholar. 
 Dr. Herrick raised $10,000 for the " English Chair " in 
 Great Britain in 1889 and laid the foundation for secur- 
 ing much subsequent assistance from that country. 
 He also was instrumental in raising seven endowed 
 scholarships and ten annual in the United States, and 
 began raising an endowment for the Richards Chair 
 of the Presidency. A bequest of Rev. and Mrs. J. Y. 
 Leonard, the first permanent missionaries in Marsovan, 
 deserves to be mentioned here. More and more as the 
 years went by, Dr. Tracy was the indefatigable leader 
 in securing the friends and the funds with which the 
 work was carried on and enlarged step by step. When 
 the Girls' School moved to its present quarters, Mrs. 
 Edward Riggs undertook the organization, in the vacant 
 building of the " Home " for younger College boys, 
 which grew into such an important feature of the 
 institution. Subsequently, Mrs. Smith was its effi- 
 cient head and with her was associated Mr. Dana K. 
 Getchell, who, by disposition, training and sympathy, 
 is a schoolmaster, and is the superintendent of the 
 newly built Kennedy Home.
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 29 
 
 SECOND FURLOUGH, 1890-93 
 
 The present writer and his wife joined Marsovan 
 Station November 15, 1890, and our acquaintance 
 with Dr. Tracy began miles before we reached the 
 city. Our Greatheart eagerly came far out on the 
 road to meet his new associates, and we were united in 
 personal affection and in official college relation from 
 that time to the day of his death. Just a week later 
 Mr. and Mrs. Tracy, with their children, Charles, 
 Chester, Annie and Mary, left for America on furlough. 
 Another son, William Arthur, born May 8, 1883, had 
 died August 27, 1884. Four, therefore, of the eight 
 dear children born in the home had already gone from 
 the life of this world. Mr. Tracy resigned the headship 
 of the College and Dr. George F. Herrick succeeded 
 him as the second able President of Anatolia. The 
 Tracy family spent the winter in Switzerland to re- 
 cuperate after twelve consecutive and strenuous years 
 on the field, and their furlough in America was pro- 
 longed for the purpose of seeking sustaining friends 
 for the aspiring young college. Mr. Tracy made many 
 addresses, wrote many letters, formed many plans, 
 interviewed many people. One day in Chicago he and 
 good old Dr. Fisk of the Seminary kneeled in prayer 
 together, then went by appointment and called on 
 the famous patron of colleges, the eccentric Dr. D. 
 K. Pearsons. That interview laid the foundation 
 for an abiding respect between two capable men. 
 Dr. and Mrs. Pearsons gave repeatedly to Anatolia 
 College, their gifts aggregating over $70,000, and 
 Anatolia is understood to be the only institution out--
 
 30 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 side of America ever directly helped by the famous 
 philanthropist. 
 
 Many different donors, however, contributed with 
 intelligent sympathy and a degree of personal interest 
 that was all very gratifying. In 1893 Dr. Tracy pub- 
 lished his " Talks on the Veranda," a book of mission- 
 ary conversations the composition of which the author 
 described as his knitting work during the evenings of 
 the preceding winter. In the summer, Dr. and Mrs. 
 Tracy again set their faces toward the Orient with 
 their daughters, Annie and Mary. Charles and Chester 
 remained at Oberlin for their education. 
 
 FROM STRENGTH TO STRENGTH 
 
 The College grew rapidly, sometimes it seemed 
 almost too rapidly for the most substantial results. 
 It met a growing need and it contributed to create the 
 need it met. People were waking out of the genera- 
 tions of Oriental lethargy. Tuition charges were ad- 
 vanced from time to time, but always with the aim of 
 keeping College fees within reach of people of the middle 
 class. A third and then a fourth year was added to the 
 preparatory course. During the life of the College 
 the schools in its field have doubtless doubled in number 
 and doubled again in effectiveness. The American 
 institution has been a helpful model to many; has 
 furnished superintendents and teachers to many more; 
 while it has been an unwelcome rival to some, thorning 
 them on to improved methods in order to retain their 
 young people. Missionaries in Caesarea, Sivas, Trebi- 
 zond, Constantinople and other places helpfully co- 
 operated. They directed numbers of their young
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 31 
 
 people to Anatolia and sought young men from the 
 College for employment in various positions. 
 
 Anatolia College was incorporated under the laws of 
 the State of Massachusetts March 14, 1894, with the 
 Prudential Committee of the American Board as its 
 Trustees. This retained the advantage of close affilia- 
 tion with the Board, but it placed upon the College 
 treasury the limitations of independence, and it was 
 largely incumbent upon the President to insure that 
 funds should be provided as fast as they were expended. 
 Expanding aspirations and achievements brought 
 perennial questions regarding grounds, grading, water 
 rights, tree planting, industrial development, and the 
 material equipment generally, in addition to the de- 
 mands for steadily advancing scholarship, which in 
 turn required a steadily strengthening staff of instruc- 
 tors. When a guard of Turkish soldiers was quartered 
 on the premises and two of their number for some reason 
 died, the Colonel made an inspection and complained 
 that the quarters provided for their lodging by the 
 College were inadequate. " All right," said the Pres- 
 dent, " I'll build something better," and he immediately 
 set about the construction of a building four times as 
 large as was needed by the squad of soldiers. After 
 a time they were withdrawn from the premises, but 
 an additional dormitory remained. There was a great 
 occasion on Friday, April 14, 1899, when the Imperial 
 Firman, or Turkish government charter, was proclaimed 
 and presented. The civil, military and religious au- 
 thorities of the city were present at a very impressive 
 function with the governor at their head. The colonel 
 brought his troops with bugles and drums. As the
 
 32 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 representative officials of the Sublime Porte and of the 
 College stood on the east balcony, the imperial docu- 
 ment with the signature of the Sultan was read by a 
 scribe and formally presented by the governor to 
 President Tracy. A characteristic address in reply 
 on behalf of the College was made by Professor Hago- 
 pian, followed by an uplifting Turkish prayer, such as 
 only Dr. Riggs could offer. 
 
 THE COLLEGE AIM 
 
 Anatolia College was founded to help establish the 
 kingdom of God among men. The spiritual aim there- 
 fore was always clear, and the spirit was evangelical 
 but not denominational. Dr. Tracy once stated the 
 College aim as follows: 
 
 " We hold that while man is a spirit, with a mission 
 here and a destiny hereafter, to fulfill that mission, 
 to realize that high destiny, he must be at his best and 
 do his best; hence: 
 
 " First. He must be broadened, as far as possible, 
 by liberal education. 
 
 " Second. If godliness is all-important, manliness 
 is important; hence the great tenacity with which this 
 institution holds to the self-help idea. 
 
 " Third. The idea of lifting the whole people to a 
 higher moral and intellectual level is constantly kept 
 in view. The College does not exist to secure place 
 and privilege to its graduates, but to bring forth among 
 the people and for the people those true and self-denying 
 leaders for which the need is so great. The College 
 holds that if it can train men according to such ideas,
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 33 
 
 it will do the best service; that if it can produce such 
 
 men, it will produce great men." 
 
 i 
 
 SELF-HELP 
 
 The President, who prepared for college on the farm 
 and made his own way while a student, wanted to put 
 a man's chance in life before young men of honest hearts 
 but limited means. He did not want to make things 
 easy. He ever stressed the principle of self-help, 
 and welcomed students who were compelled largely to 
 work their own way. As he put the case: 
 
 " The objects of this department are principally: 
 
 1. To enable young men to obtain liberal education 
 through their own industry. 
 
 2. To develop manly self-reliance, avoiding the dan- 
 ger arising from too much direct aid. 
 
 3. To inculcate, in this land, the idea of the dignity 
 of labor, illustrating it by the example of the leading 
 youth. 
 
 4. To make young men more practical, capable, 
 inventive, facile in the use of tools, to secure thee, 
 against helplessness in every-day life and bookishness 
 as students. 
 
 5. To secure the tone that accompanies abundant 
 physical exercise. 
 
 6. To cultivate in the students and the community 
 a taste for advanced civilization, which is certainly 
 helped on by the general introduction of such furniture 
 as is manufactured. 
 
 7. To recover, by sales, as much as possible of ex- 
 pense in aid of students."
 
 34 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 MASSACRE, PLUNDER, RELIEF 
 
 At the Congress of Berlin in 1878 the European 
 Powers pledged themselves to supervise the introduc- 
 tion of reforms in the Armenian provinces of the Turk- 
 ish Empire. It was a dangerous promise. It roused 
 baseless hopes in Armenian bosoms; it inflamed the 
 animosity of the Turks against the race within their 
 borders in whose behalf outsiders presumed to interfere; 
 and the European Powers did not keep their word. 
 A revolutionary propaganda spread among the Ar- 
 menians, nursed on the model of Russian nihilism. 
 American missionaries opposed the movement through- 
 out as irreligious, impractical and dangerous. But it 
 is easy to realize that the American position was 
 difficult. Loyalty to the existing government was 
 obligatory for those who were, in a sense, guests in the 
 country, even though they were apparently opposing 
 the cause of freedom and reform. College students 
 cannot remain impervious to such conditions about 
 them. Marsovan became so much of a revolutionary 
 storm center that it is singled out for special notice 
 by Sir Charles Wilson writing on " Armenia " in the 
 Encyclopedia Britannica. Sir Charles had been the 
 guest of Mr. and Mrs. Tracy, as Lord Kitchener also 
 had been entertained by the missionary circle at 
 Marsovan. " The emissaries organized attacks on 
 individuals, wrote threatening letters and at last 
 posted revolutionary placards, 5th of January, 1893, 
 at Yozghat and on the walls of the American College 
 at Marsovan." In the last case the object was, " to 
 compromise the missionaries and in this they sue-
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 35 
 
 ceeded. The Americans were accused of issuing 
 placards; two Armenian Professors were imprisoned, 
 and the Girls' School was burned down." A condition 
 of great unrest continued. England, France and Russia 
 kept up their pressure on the angered Turks to amelio- 
 rate the condition of the Armenians; the Armenians 
 in their turn were restive; in the course of a few months 
 seventeen men were assassinated within a radius of 
 thirty miles from Marsovan. American missionaries 
 were repeatedly threatened. There was some righting 
 in the city, and the condition bordered on insurrection 
 and civil war. 
 
 Finally, in October, 1895, an electric thrill ran through 
 the country as word was passed about that the Sublime 
 Porte had accepted the reform scheme pressed by Great 
 Britain, France and Russia, and in a month came the 
 massacre. In Marsovan the storm broke on Friday, 
 November 15th, at the hour of the noon call to Moslem 
 prayer. For four hours the city was turned over to 
 the Turkish mob for the massacre of Armenians, and 
 the looting of their property. About 125 men were 
 killed, and most of the Armenian shops were picked as 
 clean as a bone. The first rush of the mob was for the 
 American premises. But we were mercifully spared 
 such invasion. Crowds of frightened refugees flocked 
 into our houses, and some bullets struck the Girls' 
 School. About four o'clock the government, which 
 as it were had been hibernating, resumed activity, 
 and the governor visited our compound with a guard 
 of some forty swarthy soldiers which he left to protect 
 us, though many were more afraid of the guard than 
 of the mob. It was a black winter that followed that
 
 36 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 black Friday. The Armenians were broken in spirit, 
 humiliated, impoverished and bereaved. In February, 
 Miss King contracted smallpox and her life work 
 came to an early end. In March, Mr. Smith, frail by 
 nature and worn by the suffering about, succumbed to 
 influenza. The city was in such a ferment that day 
 pupils had to be dismissed, and the campus was almost 
 as if in a state of siege. A wail of agony went up from 
 the whole Armenian people across whose ancestral 
 habitations the wave of massacre, plunder and un- 
 bridled passion had rolled, leaving some 70,000 dead, 
 and a whole nation crying for bread without a rag to 
 bind up their wounds or a handkerchief to dry their 
 tears. Philanthropic friends in England and America 
 heard the cry, gave generously for relief, and mission- 
 aries were enabled to take measures to distribute flour, 
 clothing and small sums of money to the suffering 
 thousands in their respective fields. One of the most 
 rewarding efforts for relief in Marsovan was a weaving 
 industry in which 150,000 yards of cotton cloth were 
 manufactured, together with quantities of Turkish 
 toweling, which were sold on the common market and 
 the money recovered every time it was turned over. 
 After a time the needs of the great number of orphans 
 particularly came home to the hearts of Dr. and Mrs. 
 Tracy, and they led in establishing an orphanage for 
 boys and an orphanage for girls in our premises, where 
 200 or more children were rescued, fed, clothed, housed 
 and taught both books and trades. As this work 
 developed, Miss Mary Page Wright took efficient 
 charge for three years, and then as the Armenian 
 people gradually recuperated, orphanage work was
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 37 
 
 merged into that of the College and the Girls' 
 School. 
 
 ARMENIAN RECUPERATION AND 
 TURKISH REFORM 
 
 The loss of life is always hard, but within ten years 
 from 1895 the Armenians, as a whole, had recovered 
 more than they had lost in numbers, wealth, human 
 worth, capacity for progress and progressive attain- 
 ment. They enjoyed the opportunity of life, if they 
 had not much of liberty or happiness. The Marseil- 
 laise could never be played or sung though every one 
 knew it, because it was a hymn of freedom. No one 
 could travel from one town to the next without a 
 special permit, the issue of which depended upon the 
 humor of officials. Texts of sermons could not be 
 taken from the book of Exodus because that deals 
 with deliverance from bondage and might by implica- 
 tion be treated as rebellious by the officers. All mail 
 and telegraph communication was under a heavy censor- 
 ship. In 1902 several students were imprisoned in 
 Amasia. The charge was sedition, sustained only by the 
 possession or use of a national or patriotic hymn or two 
 which could be considered as having a revolutionary 
 intent. These young men were imprisoned over a year 
 before their trial was completed and then some were 
 cleared while the others were adjudged guilty and 
 sentenced to one year's imprisonment each. But they 
 all had been imprisoned more than a year, so they were 
 all released together. That is, to be proved by the 
 court to be an innocent citizen and to be found so 
 seriously guilty as to deserve a year's imprisonment,
 
 38 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 met the same reward at the hands of the Turkish 
 officers under the old regime. 
 
 In July, 1908, the New Regime was proclaimed with 
 a revolution which introduced constitutional and 
 parliamentary government and soon removed the 
 Sultan, Abdul Hamid, from the throne. An attempt 
 was made to adopt offhand the results of western 
 civilization. The question was, whether there were 
 the men behind the movement to carry it to success. 
 The motto of the Party of Union and Progress was, 
 " Liberty, Equality, Justice and Fraternity." For the 
 time being, race animosities seemed to be forgotten; 
 representative Moslems and Christians really frater- 
 nized. The Turks attributed a large share in the move- 
 ment for reform to the Armenians. For a time the 
 atmosphere was like the calm of a summer dawn. 
 When it was announced to our College students that 
 the Christians as well as the Turkish youth of the 
 country would be called upon for military service 
 thereafter, you ought to have heard our young fellows 
 cheer! Soldiering in the Turkish army was serious 
 enough in itself, but they felt that it meant a step 
 toward equal rights and equal manhood. The changes 
 that took place during subsequent years in race feeling 
 and public administration, with the resulting effects in 
 repeated warfare with its accompanying scenes, do not 
 call for rehearsal here. 
 
 THIRD FURLOUGH, 1902-1905 
 Dr. Tracy made his third trip to America in his 
 fourth decade of missionary and college work, as Presi- 
 dent of Anatolia College, and Rev. G. E. White was
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 39 
 
 appointed to act as President on the ground in Marso- 
 van. Absence was again prolonged for the raising of 
 funds under the direction and approval of the Board. 
 And he made a deepening impression among the 
 churches in America. It was at this time that two 
 special friends were raised up, the Misses Mary and 
 Carrie Wickes, who gave themselves first, and then 
 gave of their substance. A fine silver tea set, a prized 
 family heirloom, was contributed by them and exhibited 
 by Dr. Tracy on the platform of the American Board at 
 its annual meeting and elsewhere with the appeal that 
 it be filled with cash for the work in Marsovan. Over 
 $6,000 were poured into and out of the teapot, and the 
 wood-working and iron-working shops intended to 
 furnish employment to students on the principle of 
 self-help, were enlarged and named the " Wickes 
 Industrial Self-Help." 
 
 On this furlough the fond parents with much interest 
 witnessed the inherited bent for poetry repeating itself 
 in three children: Chester being class poet at Oberlin 
 in 1902, Annie at Mt. Holyoke in 1903, and Charles at 
 Hartford Seminary in 1904. The names of Charles 
 and Chester are both inscribed in the fine series of 
 American tutors who have done service on three-year 
 appointments in Marsovan. Charles made his literary 
 ability strongly felt and bore an important part in 
 developing the young orchestra; Chester, in addition 
 to his classroom work, first introduced taxidermy as a 
 feature of the museum. Annie, beautiful and beloved, 
 married the friend of her childhood, Rev. Henry H. 
 Riggs, and went from her college course in America to 
 become the wife of the President of Euphrates College
 
 40 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 at Harpout. A year later, just after the parents reached 
 Turkey again, the message came that Annie had gone 
 home. She and her baby boy were buried together in 
 the Harpout Mission garden. The bereaved father 
 lived thereafter much as under a shadow; the shadow 
 was lightened by Christian faith, but it was ever in the 
 background. Loving friends have erected in her name 
 the Annie Tracy Riggs Memorial Hospital at Harpout. 
 
 THE BUILDER 
 
 When the Tracy family reached Marsovan the mis- 
 sion site had not been bought. The Station, however, 
 was wise in making choice of its permanent location. 
 The ground is two feet higher than any other in the city; 
 it is just on the northern edge of town, making it easy 
 to reach the city on the one side, or visit the open plain 
 or climb to the very mountain crests on the other side; 
 and the prevailing Black Sea breezes pass over the 
 campus before they touch the city. The first building 
 material was sun-dried mud brick, white plastered on 
 the surface, the adobe of the Pharaohs and the Hittites. 
 The next step was the use of kiln-burned brick to fill 
 interstices between the timbers of a wooden frame- 
 work, and most of the American houses and several 
 school buildings were constructed in this way. In 
 the last years, however, Dr. Tracy pushed on to a third 
 type of building which was truly modern, and made use 
 of stone, brick, cement, lime, and iron girders. The 
 three types of building represent three millenniums of 
 human progress. North College, Alumni Hall, the 
 Hospital, and later Kennedy Home and the Superin-
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 41 
 
 tendent's house, were built after the modern style, with 
 materials which had now become accessible through the 
 modern extension of commerce. An English archi- 
 tect was of great assistance in this latter work and in 
 planning for future buildings. 
 
 The standard roofing is trough-shaped tile made of 
 baked clay, but it has its drawbacks, and there was a 
 great stir of enthusiasm when Dr. Tracy bought a 
 machine for making flat roof tiling of sand and cement, 
 after the style known as " Marseilles." There had 
 been a similar stir earlier when an eight-horse-power 
 steam engine arrived to lighten the work in the Self- 
 Help Shops. The work of designing the buildings, 
 drawing plans, assembling the materials which 
 might be drawn by donkeys or ox-carts,. selecting the 
 best available workmen to construct a better building 
 than they had ever seen before, enthusing the best 
 among them, weeding out the incompetents, supervising 
 their labor from sunrise till an hour before sunset, 
 excavating for foundations, dressing stone, erecting 
 the structures, finishing off every part to the last pane 
 of glass and touch of paint, with all the other tasks 
 involved in the construction of not less than seven 
 large institutional buildings and some ten houses, with 
 repairs, watercourses and fountains, cisterns, a deep 
 well, a drainage system, must be left to the imagination 
 without description in detail. One of the most interest- 
 ing achievements of the builder was the location by a 
 workman under his direction of a stone quarry about 
 a mile away in the foothills, which was leased from the 
 government, and from which quantities of stone were 
 drawn to the premises for the newest buildings, said to
 
 42 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 be of essentially the same composition as the stone used 
 in the Cologne Cathedral. 
 
 STATION AND FACULTY MEETINGS 
 Station Meeting is a great institution in Marsovan. 
 It has been usually held on Thursday evening, and often 
 begins with a supper which represents the maximum 
 of cheer and fun. The children then go home, while 
 their elders devote an hour to earnest searching of the 
 scriptures, prayer and conference. Business follows. 
 Any item of common interest or concern may be placed 
 on the docket by any person. Each item is taken up, 
 discussed and voted on in its turn. Usually a vote is 
 unanimous. If a strong division of sentiment develops, 
 action is habitually postponed, and some delay and 
 cool consideration usually produce unanimity. Some- 
 times measures are ultimately carried by a majority 
 vote in which the minority acquiesce. The expression, 
 " One shall chase a thousand and two shall put ten 
 thousand to flight," well sets forth the conviction of the 
 group that combination more than doubles effective- 
 ness. 
 
 The College Faculty is peculiar in that several dif- 
 ferent nationalities are represented in its membership, 
 but all have contributed to meeting the very vital 
 responsibilities which have been placed upon that body 
 in a spirit of loyalty, forbearance and cooperation. 
 A session is usually held every week. The considera- 
 tion of a great variety of subjects is necessary, espe- 
 cially when the students represent several different 
 nationalities, each with its own language; may have 
 studied in Turkish, American, French, Armenian,
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 43 
 
 Greek or Russian schools; may have attended a fairly 
 good city gymnasium or the most primitive possible 
 village school; and may be connected with Moslem, 
 Catholic, Oriental Orthodox, Gregorian or Protestant 
 religious communities. Not long after the proclama- 
 tion of the constitution in 1908, the wine of new liberty 
 went to the heads of some of the students, and a very 
 serious College rebellion was the result. Class after 
 class, beginning with the seniors, boldly announced 
 their refusal to obey College requirements. The 
 crux of the situation was met in a session of the Faculty 
 where every man was on his knees, and I think every 
 voice was heard in prayer. The result was that the 
 College retained every student, retained the good-will 
 of all, and maintained authority. 
 
 GOOD TIMES IN MARSOVAN 
 
 Life in Marsovan has been really remarkable for 
 the good times which have had their origin in the 
 American homes. Parents and children have been good 
 comrades. With no suitable places for public recreation 
 and amusement the homes have met the need. Every 
 birthday brings its delightful surprises; American 
 patriotism holds full sway on the Fourth of July; 
 rambles among the vineyards or the foothills, picnics 
 in the glen, trips far out on the road to meet arriving 
 travelers, are frequent events; while Alpine violets 
 blooming in sheltered nooks amid the snow of winter, 
 and crocuses and primroses " by the river's brim " in 
 early spring, summon the young people to long excur- 
 sions. Thanksgiving Day brings its American dinner, 
 the weighing of all who eat, a hike, a real Thanksgiving
 
 44 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 meeting, and games in the evening. Christmas is 
 observed by triple calculations, the American, the 
 Greek and the Armenian, and is first ushered in with 
 the exceedingly beautiful custom of carols sung by 
 students just before dawn. The children remember 
 Uncle Tracy as a leader in all sports and games. When 
 Rev. Henry F. Smith was the one American boy in 
 Marsovan, and the Fourth of July came, he went 
 through the full regular program in observance of the 
 day. And he didn't get much encouragement, as he 
 remembers, except from Uncle Tracy, who joined him 
 in the parade, the speeches, the fireworks, and capped 
 the climax by a characteristic poem which he wrote 
 for the occasion and for one American boy. Rev. 
 Charles T. Riggs says, " The picture that remains in 
 my mind of Dr. Tracy in the early 80's is of a perpetual 
 smile. He may have been mercurial in temperament; 
 but he usually wore his temperament sunny side up. 
 Nothing seemed to discourage him. He was sometimes 
 forgetful, but he never seemed to forget to radiate 
 happiness." 
 
 Where the badge of womanhood for uncounted 
 generations has been the veil, but where the wearers 
 are getting very restive about it, care is necessary to 
 assist young people in schools in making the transition 
 from the old social order to the new. Separately or 
 together the Anatolia schools enjoy many simple 
 social gatherings. There are musical and literary 
 entertainments as well as lectures and sermons to 
 bring the young people together. The various clubs 
 and organizations hold occasional receptions. Classes 
 meet at supper in family homes. Guests are welcomed
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 45 
 
 by groups of friends at afternoon teas. It is all a part 
 of a simple, natural Christian life. 
 
 FEATURES OF COLLEGE LIFE 
 
 In process of time several clubs found a need and a 
 place in Anatolia after the standard customs of America. 
 First came the Christian Association, then the Alumni 
 Association, with its annual banquet and address at 
 Commencement. An Archaeological Club followed in a 
 country where the historical strata begin with the 
 Hittite sculpture and cuneiform script and represent 
 all the intervening ages to the present. Next was 
 organized the Anatolia Teachers' Association, for the 
 improvement of educational methods in the compound 
 and the city. No student could get far in his descrip- 
 tion of College activities without reference to his 
 national club, Armenian, Greek, Russian or Turkish. 
 It is difficult for Americans who breathe the atmosphere 
 of democracy from childhood to realize what a training 
 in democratic methods is given young men in the 
 Orient by the practice of such clubs. The main aims 
 of the organizations were threefold, literary, musical 
 and athletic. Their weekly meetings were enthu- 
 siastic and useful from a literary and musical stand- 
 point. Games on the athletic track or in the large 
 field were often staged under their direction. Frequent 
 field days in the fall and the spring brought out ex- 
 hibitions of very creditable events with a wholesome 
 and friendly spirit of rivalry among the contestants. 
 
 Any account of Anatolia College would be incom- 
 plete which omitted to mention its music. Several 
 Americans in the circle have possessed real musical
 
 46 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 taste, and in Miss Platt and Miss Morley the Girls' 
 School has had really talented and trained musicians. 
 Professor Daghlian was a musical genius developing 
 slowly. He first really found himself and his mission 
 when a student and a quiet young tutor. He organized 
 a little orchestra, then as he heard a phonograph playing 
 the music of Sousa's Band in New York he sat down 
 with his music scores, disengaged the different instru- 
 ments one by one, wrote out the music and set his 
 orchestra at repeating what Sousa's Band had played. 
 Subsequent training in Germany fitted him admirably 
 to be an all-round instructor and pioneer leader. His 
 own original compositions won high approval in Berlin 
 and he has been compared by competent musical 
 authority to Grieg as a composer. He developed 
 music in the College from next to nothing. The 
 orchestra was a credit to the institution and its leader. 
 The Anatolia Choral Union brought a large number of 
 voices from both schools into the religious services and 
 frequent excellent concerts. The public outside and 
 numbers of responsive young people within the schools 
 enjoyed the music and were trained in taste and 
 capacity. 
 
 AFFILIATED INSTITUTIONS: MARSOVAN 
 THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 
 
 The Seminary preceded the College by more than 
 twenty years in conditions of change so rapid though 
 generally unobserved that a decade counted for an 
 ordinary generation. After that the two forms of 
 effort went forward in the same campus though the 
 bond of connection was personal, not institutional.
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 47 
 
 The Seminary belongs to the Western Turkey Mission. 
 There are advantages in cooperation between a college 
 and a seminary, as there are some disadvantages. 
 A considerable number of excellent young men gradu- 
 ated from the College have taken the theological course 
 in Marsovan. The Seminary has labored during recent 
 years under the handicap of unsettled public condi- 
 tions few Evangelical Churches of outstanding char- 
 acter to appeal to young men, and a strong tendency 
 toward other forms of life work than the ministry, 
 but the College President always kept to the front 
 the theological education and the claim of the pulpit 
 and the pastorate. He was unremitting in bearing 
 his own part in the instruction of the Seminary and in 
 shepherding the churches. Rev. T. A. Elmer, Rev. 
 Ernest Pye and Rev. J. P. Xenides have rendered strong 
 service to the School of Theology, and the last named 
 raised among friends in Scotland the funds wherewith 
 to build " Thistle Cottage," the rent of which is used 
 for the Seminary library. The institution met a great 
 loss in the death of Dr. Edward Riggs in 1913. With 
 his accurate scholarship, chivalrous spirit and unremit- 
 ting industry he put the training of men for the ministry 
 first among his many forms of service. In the spring 
 of 1915 much interest was felt in the construction of a 
 new and separate building for the Seminary. It was 
 begun partly as a relief measure in time of war and the 
 cornerstone was laid on the eve of June 21st. The 
 building was named " White Hall " in memory of 
 Rev. George H. White, a missionary at Marash at an 
 early day, whose friends had led in contributing to the 
 building fund.
 
 48 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 AFFILIATED INSTITUTIONS: ANATOLIA 
 GIRLS' SCHOOL 
 
 Our biographical sketch does not admit of the full 
 description deserved by the Girls' School, the King 
 School and the Hospital, but the Marsovan way means 
 close cooperation between the different departments of 
 effort. Turkey is not ready for coeducation, but the 
 Anatolia schools for the youths and the maidens have 
 done their work side by side. In 1864 only a few girls 
 could be gathered together to study the primer and the 
 gospels amid the most primitive of conditions. Prog- 
 ress was made with steady steps from year to year. 
 For fifty years our .School has taken the lead in the 
 education of the girls and women of its great field. 
 Most of its graduates have taught at least for a time, 
 and most in their own homes have been exceedingly 
 useful members of their churches and communities, 
 representatives of progressive, respected and self- 
 respecting womanhood in the East. The course of study 
 has been advanced until the standards of a good high 
 school or seminary have been reached, with depart- 
 ments in sewing, cooking and other household arts. 
 Many of the graduates have occupied positions of 
 great importance in this or other schools, and the service 
 rendered by Miss Fritcher, Mrs. Wingate, Miss Gage, 
 Miss Willard, Miss Ward, and their associates down 
 the years has represented the high-water mark of 
 wisdom, strength and tact. 
 
 Friends of Miss Martha King have established in 
 honor of her name the only school in the country for 
 the education of those children who are so unfortunate
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 49 
 
 as to be born deaf and therefore dumb. Visitors, and 
 especially representative Turks, have been filled with 
 wonder and admiration at seeing such children really 
 understanding conversation, speaking, reading, writing, 
 and transformed from the sad condition of little human 
 animals into the glorious condition of real human 
 beings. 
 
 The Girls' School and the College have cooperated 
 with beneficial results to both. To some extent teach- 
 ers have been interchanged. People from the Girls' 
 School and the College meet for various public exercises, 
 and share by groups or classes in frequent receptions, 
 garden parties, and entertainments in the homes of 
 teachers. The Station serves as the local body of 
 Trustees, and Dr. Tracy, as preeminently the builder, 
 has practically supervised the erection of all the build- 
 ing equipment of the Girls' School, with frequent re- 
 pairs, enlargement, and work on water systems and 
 the like, as need arose from time to time. He once 
 calculated how many paces he had taken in construct- 
 ing South Hall, but the number was too great to remain 
 in memory. When the institution celebrated its 
 Jubilee in 1914, under a huge tent, because no building 
 could be found large enough to contain the eager 
 audience, any representative of the sustaining Woman's 
 Boards or friend of the women of Turkey would have 
 rejoiced to be present. The Jubilee Hymn, " Ebene- 
 zer," was written by special request by Dr. Tracy for 
 that occasion, and is included elsewhere in this 
 volume.
 
 50 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 AFFILIATED INSTITUTIONS: ANATOLIA 
 HOSPITAL 
 
 Our Lord healed body and soul together, and Living- 
 stone used to say that " God had only one Son, and He 
 gave him to be a medical missionary." From the days 
 of Mrs. Leonard, the Americans in Marsovan, particu- 
 larly the ladies, gave some of their best efforts to the 
 care of the sick and the prevention of disease. For 
 years Dr. Altounian not only taught the scientific 
 lessons at the College, but received a stipend for the 
 regular treatment of the sick poor sent to him by Mrs. 
 Tracy and others. In 1894 the country was visited 
 by the scourge of cholera (as again in 1911), and many 
 people in the city and region died. Mrs. Tracy led 
 all the members of the Station in preparing and dis- 
 tributing the Hamlin remedies and using other meas- 
 ures by which numbers of lives were saved, probably 
 not less than 500. The dread disease did not invade 
 the American compound. Following the massacre in 
 1895 such misery prevailed that the British philanthro- 
 pist, Mr. George Cadbury, sent his wife's sister, a 
 trained nurse named Miss Taylor, to Marsovan, and a 
 native house was rented in which patients were lodged 
 and cared for. After the death of Mr. Smith it was 
 decided to invite a medical missionary as his successor, 
 and in 1897 Dr. and Mrs. Carrington reached Marso- 
 van. The unsanitary city house was superseded by 
 clean though plain quarters in a rebuilt lumber shed on 
 the premises, and the Hospital began its great and 
 expanding career. Additions were made from time to 
 time to the grounds, building and equipment, and then
 
 CHARLES CHAP IN TRACY 51 
 
 resources were slowly accumulated for the new grounds 
 and buildings across the street, occupied in 1914. 
 
 A wonderful work of healing has thus been carried on. 
 Many persons have testified that they never knew 
 there was a place without lying, profanity, jealousy, 
 quarreling or fighting, or where food, medicine and care 
 were given faithfully as prescribed, until sickness 
 drove them to the Hospital. There they saw Christian- 
 ity in practice. During recent years Dr. Marden has 
 been in the habit of performing about one thousand 
 major operations annually, besides doing all the other 
 work of conducting such an establishment and practic- 
 ing outside with or without a medical assistant. For a 
 time Dr. Hoover bore a leading part, then removed to 
 take charge of the hospital at Talas. Anatolia Hospital 
 has usually enjoyed the service of one or two American 
 or English nurses, but for the most part dependence 
 has been placed on a staff of native helpers trained on 
 the ground. A Training School for Nurses was early 
 established, and Miss Lousaper Torikian, who was its 
 first graduate, is believed to be the first woman who 
 ever received a nurse's diploma in Turkey. 
 
 The Hospital in a sense grew out of the College 
 and Mrs. Tracy's work for the sick poor. Dr. Tracy 
 was one of the Executive Committee of the institution, 
 and took much interest in raising $1,000 for a memorial 
 ward for Mrs. Tracy. Owing to the interest of Mr. 
 Boake of England, Miss Christine Wilkes, a Mildmay 
 Deaconess, visited Marsovan and informed herself of 
 its character and service, and has labored for it in 
 England with unfailing devotion. Professor and Mrs. 
 Thoumayan also raised a sum among British donors
 
 52 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 which was to be given to the Hospital. From 1904 until 
 the time of her death, one of the warmest friends of the 
 institution was Mrs. Towle, and in recognition of her 
 gifts and of her bequest the new building, the best in 
 the American compound at Marsovan, in the city, or 
 anywhere in that region, was named the " Towle 
 Memorial." 
 
 This building was occupied by a regiment of Turkish 
 soldiers before it was ready for patients, in August, 
 1914. Four weeks later when the Turkish army 
 marched to the front, the building was evacuated, 
 and over 500 soldiers were treated there by Dr. Marden 
 under Red Cross auspices before all the American 
 grounds and premises were commandeered by the 
 Turks, May 10, 1916. 
 
 PERSONAL TRAITS 
 
 The subject of this sketch was often compared with 
 Abraham Lincoln. Each grew up in the American West 
 and among frontiersmen, near to unspoiled nature, 
 with an eager mind unsated by pioneer facilities for 
 education. Dr. Andrus speaks for many in saying of 
 his loved classmate, " He always struck me as being of 
 the Lincoln type of man, both in form and feature, as 
 well as in stalwart moral earnestness and large spiritual 
 outlook." He resembled Lincoln also in homely wit 
 and frequent aphorisms. He used to say: 
 " It is easier to do a big thing than a little one." 
 " Bumble bees are biggest when they are first born," 
 
 this of youthful self-conceit. 
 " Keep a stiff elbow and a limber wrist," meaning,
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 53 
 
 persistent on the main issue, pliant on minor 
 
 points. 
 " I can get more benefit from visiting with little William 
 
 than I can from Professor 's sermon when 
 
 he preaches in Turkish." 
 " Christian and Faithful must help each other," 
 
 this to the writer when there were difficulties 
 
 with accounts and he wanted to help. 
 " Religion binds us to the heart of God." 
 " Progressive imperfection has something captivating 
 
 in it." 
 " Anatolia College, born of the gospel, the handmaid of 
 
 the gospel, glorying in the gospel." 
 Dr. Tracy was often at his best late at night, eagerly 
 discussing some problem with one of his associates, 
 or writing a hymn, or brooding some great project alone 
 in his study. He was frequently not only the last to 
 bed at night, but the first to be on hand in the morning 
 to supervise workmen at some building task. He 
 rested in the intervals when there was nothing else to 
 do, or when he happened to remember that he was tired. 
 He liked to write, and often chose this mode of stating 
 his views to his associates or the students. He pub- 
 lished many articles, sermons, brochures, and easily 
 drifted into the poetic form of expression. His hymns 
 in Armenian were many and were a power. 
 
 All Dr. Tracy's friends pay tribute to his spiritual 
 earnestness. He was an evangelist by disposition, 
 conviction and habit. His preaching covered a wide 
 range of thought, but often brought his hearers face to 
 face with the most intimate problems of duty toward 
 God, personal destiny, and salvation through Christ,
 
 54 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 especially in the memorable Sunday evening services. 
 In conference he often said that the College must stand 
 for active, Christian life and effort or he would lose all 
 interest in the institution. The family altar, where 
 his household servants and occasional visitors joined in 
 daily worship, was a shrine of devotion, consecration 
 and intercession before the throne of God. In teaching 
 or lecturing he preferred subjects such as the Evidences 
 of Christianity which he treated from the standpoint of 
 religion in its fruits and practical application. His 
 instruction in International Law dealt largely with the 
 rights and the wrongs of international dealings. 
 
 Our subject was preeminently a practical man. 
 Rules to him meant means for facilitating business, not 
 hindering it. If a rule hampered liberty of action he 
 cut the red tape. Yet the crowning proof of attain- 
 ment in the College was once stated by a Turk who was 
 somewhat familiar with the institution and who was 
 describing its operation to a knot of friends, in that 
 " When the bell rings the students go in." When 
 Bergson began to be much talked about Dr. Tracy 
 plunged into " Creative Evolution," and the Annual 
 Report of the Station to the Mission, which he wrote 
 that year, was felicitously colored by what he had 
 been reading. The abstract, the theoretic, the remote, 
 awoke echoing chords only as related to the immediate 
 situation, problem, perplexity. 
 
 This College administrator was almost childlike in 
 his enthusiasms. His attitude often suggested the 
 figurehead of a ship with shining eyes, ever looking on. 
 He could think up more plans before breakfast than 
 his associates could carry out all day. With him, a
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 55 
 
 decision to enter upon a course of action was almost 
 the same as finishing it; he left others to carry out the 
 details, and left them free to do so in their own way. 
 When the fine Swiss clock was bought at a cost of 
 nearly one hundred pounds by the Alumni Association, 
 he was greatly delighted. He erected a tower to con- 
 tain the clock, and then had dummy faces painted on 
 cardboard and photographed. He could not wait till 
 the clock itself was actually in position before publish- 
 ing the newest achievement to all and sundry. The 
 clock was a public utility too. The Protestant and 
 Gregorian schools soon regulated their hours by it. 
 And the whole city by degrees adjusted its habits to 
 western standards instead of reckoning twelve o'clock 
 as sunset and so being obliged to change the hands of 
 the clock almost every day of the year. 
 
 Some disappointments were inevitable. The Mis- 
 sion once felt unable to pay for printing Paley's " Evi- 
 dences of Christianity " which the theological teacher 
 had translated into Armenian with painstaking assidu- 
 ity. One Thanksgiving Day he issued a challenge to 
 all who were strong of foot and courageous of heart to a 
 walk in the mud and to a venturesome enterprise for the 
 future. The purpose was to inspect a site in an un- 
 purchased field where a magnificent outdoor Greek 
 stadium might be constructed. It was easy to visualize 
 a handsome project, but it did not advance beyond the 
 visionary then! The ambitious administrator was 
 often temporarily balked, often temporarily dis- 
 couraged, but he never stayed so. Hampered by pov- 
 erty of resources, he was fertile in devices for adapting 
 means to ends. His enthusiasm was contagious and
 
 56 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 his method of dealing with the debts that would hamper 
 the completion of rosy plans was to outline a larger 
 plan, inaugurate a forward movement, and in the leap 
 to the larger achievement, the step just preceding was 
 accomplished incidentally. 
 
 THE FRIEND 
 
 " A man to have friends must show himself friendly," 
 and the witness to Dr. Tracy's power in inspiring friend- 
 ship is unanimous and masterful. Those acquaintances 
 whom Dr. and Mrs. Tracy held to their souls with 
 hooks of steel are so many that it would seem almost 
 invidious to undertake to name them, but besides 
 those of their homeland or the land of their adoption, 
 we at least may mention such representative men as 
 Mr. Leopold Favre, of Switzerland, Lord Kinnaird, 
 Mr. Cadbury, and Professor Rendell Harris, of England. 
 More and more as the years went by Dr. Tracy empha- 
 sized the note of love in his preaching and public ad- 
 dresses. A suggestion was once made to him that 
 Union Hall, of which he had laid only the foundation 
 before his departure, should be named for him. He 
 rejected the idea positively, but with some hesitation 
 remarked that if the large room in the first story which 
 he had especially designed for social gatherings should 
 be allowed to bear his name he would appreciate it. 
 He then went on to express his sense of the high value 
 of the simple gatherings for social entertainment, with 
 games, music, conversation and refreshments where 
 American and Armenian, Greek and Georgian, Swiss 
 and Slav, Turk and Cosmopolitan, teachers and stu-
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 57 
 
 dents, men and women, meet in friendly intimacy under 
 the shadow of Anatolia College. 
 
 AS OTHERS SAW HIM 
 
 Among many spontaneous tributes to Dr. Tracy, 
 only a few expressions can be quoted here: 
 
 One of his youngest associates, Mr. Pye, writes: 
 " We remember Dr. Tracy in the main for two things: 
 his interest in many people; his enthusiasm for the 
 enterprise which has claimed the main powers of his 
 life." 
 
 Mrs. J. K. Marden: "More than any one I ever 
 knew, Dr. Tracy had the charity that suffereth long 
 and is kind. He was able by quiet kindness or in some 
 powerful appeal in the pulpit or prayer meeting to lift 
 friend and critic alike out of harping narrowness into 
 enthusiasm for some new truth." 
 
 Rev. H. A. Miner: " It meant much to me to get a 
 letter from him. He always stirred my soul, so fresh 
 and strong his words." 
 
 Dr. J. P. McNaughton: " I knew many of his stu- 
 dents, and without exception all regarded Dr. Tracy as a 
 born leader of men, a leader whose virtues they would 
 gladly emulate." 
 
 Mr. Melcon Mestjian, Anatolia College, 1907: " The 
 most precious thing I have from my College life is the 
 inspiration I received from the dynamic, constructive 
 and helpful life of Dr. Tracy." 
 
 Mr. A. H. Tashjian, Anatolia College, 1902: "It 
 was this undying Christian faith of Dr. Tracy that 
 made us Armenians love him more than any other of 
 the many devoted Americans amongst us. Faith,
 
 58 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 hope and love was what our fast despairing souls 
 craved for, and he was brimful of all three to the very 
 end." 
 
 Rev. Y. K. Rushdouny, Anatolia College, 1905: 
 " Dr. Tracy was known from Constantinople and 
 Smyrna to Van and Ararat. I know personally that 
 many wanted to send their children to Anatolia College 
 because of Dr. Tracy. I know ministers of the gospel 
 wanted to go to Marsovan and see personally Dr. 
 Tracy about whom they had heard so many good things 
 from those who knew him." 
 
 Rev. J. P. Xenides, Anatolia College, 1891 mem- 
 ber of the Seminary and College Faculties: " He loved 
 Armenians primarily but his love for the Greeks was 
 not less, and the feeling was reciprocal. At first the 
 Greeks did not avail themselves of the College privi- 
 leges in Marsovan. The work seemed so discouraging 
 that it was proposed to abandon the effort. Dr. 
 Tracy, however, could foresee its ultimate success, 
 and he lived to see the majority of 425 students in 
 191314, Greeks. And they and their people all 
 esteemed and loved him." 
 
 Dr. Americus Fuller, after a conference between the 
 two college presidents from Turkey in January, 1916: 
 " For the work of the American Board he steadily 
 refused to entertain the idea that this terrible debacle 
 was in any sense a defeat; it was rather a challenge to 
 rise and build anew on broader foundations and with 
 larger resources. For the remnant of the Armenian 
 people it was not annihilation, but the fiery furnace 
 from which they were to come forth purified and fitted 
 for a far nobler work than they had ever done. And
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 59 
 
 for their cruel persecutors he had evident hope that not 
 a few of them have seen in the faithful confessions of 
 their victims a gospel which they could not have so 
 fully understood in any other way." 
 
 Judge Epaphroditus Peck: " In 1901 the First 
 Congregational Church at Bristol, Connecticut, under- 
 took the support of a foreign missionary. The Ameri- 
 can Board assigned to us Rev. Dr. Charles C. Tracy, 
 then President of Anatolia College at Marsovan. 
 Fortunately for us, Dr. Tracy soon after had a leave of 
 absence in America, visited us in Bristol and spent a 
 few weeks here with his family. He afterward kept 
 up a somewhat active acquaintance with the church 
 through correspondence, and at his retirement from the 
 Presidency of the College he again spent several weeks 
 in Bristol. In this way the Bristol church came into 
 an active acquaintance with him and came under the 
 stimulus of his eager and consecrated spirit. His 
 untiring industry and nervous energy, his intense 
 devotion to the work in which he was engaged and to 
 the Kingdom of God in general, and the deep fervor of 
 his religious nature made a deep impression on the 
 church. This was increased by the strong personality 
 and similarly consecrated character of Mrs. Tracy; 
 and both of them will always be held on the roll of the 
 saints with whom we have come into contact. It is 
 largely owing to their influence that the cause of 
 foreign missions has come to be among the chief 
 interests of this church."
 
 60 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 " I WANT TO PULL WITH DR. TRACY " 
 
 In the year 1908 the Annual Meeting of the Western 
 Turkey Mission was held in Marsovan. It happened 
 that the Fourth of July fell within the period of the 
 sessions, and some hours were devoted to patriotic 
 exercises and to sports, as would be natural with any 
 such group of Americans. It was proposed to have a 
 tug of war, and a rope was produced. I had no especial 
 interest in that item on the program until I noticed 
 that Dr. Tracy had stepped forward and laid hold of the 
 rope. Then it suddenly came over me: "/ want to 
 pull with Dr. Tracy" and I took my place. It was a 
 hard pull, but Dr. Tracy's side won by a narrow margin. 
 The leader did not give orders or demand assistance; 
 he simply saw what was the thing to do, did his part, 
 and others fell in almost as a matter of course. The 
 incident was characteristic. Many men, aye and 
 women, have liked to pull with Dr. Tracy. 
 
 AUTHORITY, TACT AND LUCK 
 
 Before the New Regime of 1908, city governors were 
 sometimes difficult men to deal with, and one so inter- 
 preted the duties of his position that he arrested a young 
 Moslem who enrolled as a College student, detained him 
 under surveillance over night, and put him on the road 
 toward his home the next morning without allowing him 
 ever to set foot again on the College campus. When 
 commencement came the governor accepted an invita- 
 tion to attend the exercises, and was on the platform 
 with a retinue of the city officials. According to usual 
 custom the diplomas would be placed by the College
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 61 
 
 President in the hands of the governor, for him to 
 bestow upon the graduating class. Just before the 
 time for that ceremony came, however, Dr. Tracy 
 turned to me and ejaculated, " I'm not going to put 
 these diplomas in the hands of this man." So, brush- 
 ing aside all formality, he rose, summoned the graduat- 
 ing class, and presented the diplomas himself. The 
 effect was a marked snub administered in a public 
 manner. 
 
 If things had stopped there the consequences might 
 have been unpleasant for somebody. It happened, 
 however, that four members of the faculty were to 
 receive the Master's Degree, and some of them inti- 
 mated to Dr. Tracy that it would be acceptable and 
 might be very wise if the governor were recognized in 
 the presentation of their diplomas. So Dr. Tracy 
 turned with much politeness to the governor, informed 
 him that the ceremony which had passed was quite 
 subordinate to the important function which was now to 
 take place, and he courteously invited him to favor the 
 institution and all parties concerned by receiving the 
 tokens of higher scholastic honors and presenting them 
 to members of the teaching body. 
 
 UNIVERSITY EXTENSION 
 
 A pioneer college not only has to educate its stu- 
 dents, but it is an institution rendering various public 
 services. President Tracy constructed the Hannah 
 Pearsons Study Hall of such size that nearly a thousand 
 people were often accommodated there. The Com- 
 mencement and other public exercises of the College 
 were habitually attended by throngs from the city.
 
 62 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 Every Friday evening during the winter season a popu- 
 lar lecture was given by some member of the College 
 Faculty, with careful preparation and with very useful 
 results. The library grew to 10,000 volumes and 40 
 periodicals, classified by Mr. Pye on the Dewey system, 
 and was open several hours every day to intelligent 
 readers from the city as well as to its own body of 
 students and teachers. The museum, under the 
 wonderfully skilful and scientific hand of Professor 
 Manissadjian attained a collection of more than 7,000 
 specimens, thoroughly classified and arranged for 
 display. Toward the last the museum was open twice 
 a week to the public, and was often visited by a hundred 
 persons from outside the College of an afternoon. 
 The educative and suggestive value of that orderly 
 array was exceedingly high. 
 
 Touring belongs especially to ordained missionaries, 
 but they were often accompanied in their trips to the 
 towns and cities round about by College teachers or 
 students who shared effectively in preaching, lecturing 
 and conferring with the people of the various communi- 
 ties. The Marsovan market in recent years has en- 
 joyed the reputation of being more honest and more 
 active than in the other cities which might be compared 
 with it. The reason is frankly attributed in the public 
 estimation to the superior intelligence and skill which 
 have been developed under the influence of the College 
 or by its former students. There never was a news- 
 paper published in the city of 30,000 people until after 
 the New Regime in 1908. Then people wanted to 
 think, to read, and to write for print. And whose 
 utterances were likely to be better worth while than
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 63 
 
 those of College men ? The Greek club named " Pon- 
 tus," and the Armenian club named " Shavarshan," 
 each almost immediately undertook the publication of 
 a newspaper. A former student, who had entered 
 business and had done something with photography 
 and toy types, said he believed he could do the printing. 
 He brought on a printer's outfit and soon was turning 
 out creditable work in correct Armenian, Greek, Eng- 
 lish and Turkish. Thus the first two newspapers ever 
 published in the city of Marsovan were enterprises of 
 student clubs with the assistance of the teachers whom 
 they invited as colaborers. The first political club 
 founded in Marsovan about the same time was directed 
 by a committee of twelve men, of whom three were 
 teachers of the College and a fourth was a young 
 alumnus. The callers of any day might include for- 
 mer students, ministers from the churches of the field, 
 civil arid military officials, members of Parliament, 
 political inspectors and organizers, possibly political 
 exiles, foreign consuls, priests or bishops of Oriental 
 Christian communities, white-turbaned Moslem relig- 
 ious authorities, merchants coming to the city to do 
 business, friends and relatives of students and of the 
 sick. Thus the College exercised a general leavening 
 influence throughout a wide region, and did much after 
 the ordinary intent of university extension. It stood 
 for order, discipline and education; for American 
 democracy and Christian civilization. In the course of 
 time two members of the Faculty were elected members 
 of the Parliament in Constantinople,
 
 64 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 ALUMNI 
 
 The President, like every other college admin- 
 istrator, was proud of his graduates. Indeed, there 
 was reason for it. Their training meant character as 
 well as scholarship, industry as well as intelligence, 
 public reputation as well as personal position. The 
 small percentage who have sought the opportunities of 
 free America are prize men in universities, making a 
 good beginning in the professions, earning full wages in 
 positions of trust, making a success in business. An 
 Anatolia alumnus studying in Cambridge University, 
 England, on a fellowship which he won as a graduate 
 student at Harvard, has written: " I do not know of 
 any Anatolia man who has ever been out of the College 
 for some time who does not speak with feeling and strong 
 appreciation of the work in Anatolia. The Anatolia 
 men now in America have done well in the way of over- 
 coming obstacles or in the way of seeking an education 
 and making an honorable and successful living. As I 
 look back to College days I think that in point of stimu- 
 lus to think, opportunities for general culture and also 
 for special study and chances for social and public 
 activity through the various clubs, and for physical 
 development through the attention devoted to outdoor 
 sports and through the beautiful climate and country, 
 Anatolia is unique in its field in the Near East." 
 
 The larger number remain in the land of their origin 
 and are useful there. About one-fourth of the graduates 
 are approximately evenly divided between the ministry 
 and medicine; another quarter have become teachers, 
 many of them in schools of advanced grade; while
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 65 
 
 about one-half have responded to the many business 
 openings that appeal to young men in the waking East. 
 A few of the choicest spirits have become members 
 of the Anatolia College Faculty, after their own post- 
 graduate studies in Europe or America. There they 
 have become masters in their departments of instruc- 
 tion, authors of books and many articles in print, 
 preachers and lecturers of reputation, leaders of their 
 conationals in the College and citizens of public spirit 
 and wide usefulness outside. 
 
 TOWARD THE SUNSET 
 
 The last years in Marsovan were full of blessing. 
 Expanding work brought in more workers and permitted 
 better organization and division of labor. For several 
 years following 1908, the New Regime made itself felt 
 in wider opportunities, new hopes and increasing ambi- 
 tion throughout the country. The President markedly 
 grew in character with the passing years. 
 
 Dr. Tracy was much honored in ministers' meetings, 
 church conferences and similar gatherings where many 
 of the leaders were his own pupils. On a visit to Sivas 
 he attended a meeting held in the interest of the Normal 
 College, and led the astonished company in soliciting 
 and in making a contribution for that institution which 
 resulted in far more than any one had anticipated. 
 He took great interest in plans for the development of 
 academies or high schools by the Protestant congrega- 
 tions in Samsoun and Ordou, schools which would 
 prepare students for the College and for which the 
 College would prepare teachers. And on a. visit to 
 Tokat he and the Armenian Bishop enthused the Anne-
 
 66 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 nian people of that city in a project for establishing a 
 school of high grade there for which large contributions 
 were placed in his care. 
 
 He was profoundly stirred by the coming of the 
 Russian students, first two, then half a dozen, a dozen, 
 a score, two-score. It was natural to anticipate that 
 the College had a service to render to the people of 
 Russia who were breaking with their past and had not 
 yet laid the foundations for their future, just such as 
 pioneer American colleges rendered, in educating men 
 who were to be among the leaders in shaping the future 
 of the farm, the home, the school, the church, and even 
 the government. The arrival of the Russians gave an 
 added impulse to the hesitant Turks. Their young 
 men also wanted to come to College, and by degrees 
 religious prejudice, race separation and the opposition 
 of authorities gave way. When the Turks attending 
 College were more than a score, with some three-score 
 in the Turkish Club, cultivating the language and 
 literature of the government of the country, it was evi- 
 dent that the College had climbed the first hill of diffi- 
 culty with regard to the education of Moslems. The 
 first young Turk to graduate did so with credit in 1914, 
 and regarded it as his great hope to study law and demo- 
 cratic institutions in America and use the results for the 
 benefit of Turkey, saying," I want to serve my people." 
 
 Mr. John Stewart Kennedy, at his death, left a 
 bequest of $50,000 to Anatolia, largely owing to the 
 personal friendship between his family and that of Dr. 
 Edward Riggs. Subsequent correspondence by Dr. 
 Tracy led -to an additional gift by Mrs. Kennedy, which 
 provided for the construction of Kennedy Home.
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 67 
 
 One letter from Dr. Tracy to Rev. James L. Barton, 
 LL.D., Secretary of the American Board and of the 
 College, was placed by him in the hands of a friend with 
 the result that 325,000 were given for the construction 
 of Union Hall. To balance such efforts, " Badvelli " 
 Tracy and the " Madama " during their last winter in 
 Marsovan, visited all the 160 homes of the Protestant 
 congregation, many of them of course very humble. 
 But the missionaries had been welcome visitors in 
 such homes ever since their arrival in the city forty-six 
 years before. The first door in the Tracy hallway 
 that met a caller opened into a room that had been 
 specially designed as the place for the President's 
 gracious wife to meet " her poor." The home itself 
 was brightened by the presence of the daughter 
 Mary, who conducted a popular kindergarten. 
 
 EBENEZER 
 
 In September, 1913, the College opened at high water 
 mark. Thirty-two names were listed in the staff 
 of administration and instruction: 10 Americans, 1 
 Swiss, 1 Russian, 9 Greeks, and 11 Armenians. During 
 the year, 425 students were enrolled in the four Col- 
 lege and four Preparatory classes, of whom about 
 200 were Greeks, 160 Armenians, 40 Russians, and 25 
 Turks. Before June these students paid into the 
 College treasury approximately 325,000. There were 
 275 additional pupils in the Girls' School, and usually 
 about 100 patients at any one time in the Hospital. 
 Missionary families, teachers, and their households, 
 employees and other individuals intimately associated, 
 brought the whole colony up to a round thousand souls,
 
 68 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 living and working together in the fear of God and the 
 love of God, and with good-will toward men. Before 
 September had passed, the retiring President delivered 
 a memorable sermon, his last in the College, on the 
 word Ebenezer, " Hitherto hath Jehovah helped us." 
 He recounted the leading experiences and vicissitudes, 
 and these last were many, of the institution up to 
 that time. Later we brought a great stone from the 
 quarry in the foothills a mile away which had been 
 located under Dr. Tracy's supervision, and this stone 
 was lying on the campus May 10th, 1916, when the 
 premises were forcibly occupied by the Turkish officials, 
 waiting for the time when it should be erected and bear 
 the word Ebenezer. 
 
 The property of the College was not wholly differen- 
 tiated from that of the Mission Station. But the main 
 parts purchased with funds intended for College use 
 and recognized as belonging to the College plant in 
 grounds, buildings, improvement and equipment, 
 represent a cost of production of $150,000. The cost 
 of reproduction for most of the items would be nearly 
 or fully double. About $120,000 of endowment funds 
 were held in Boston by the Treasurer of the College, 
 who is the Treasurer of the American Board. The 
 Main College Building, North College and the Alumni 
 Library-Museum were complete and completely oc- 
 cupied. Kennedy Home was planned and has since 
 been built, as has the house of the superintendent, and 
 this ground has been connected with the main campus 
 by a tunnel under the street. The foundation of 
 Union Hall was laid and this, when complete, will be 
 the best of the College buildings up to date. Sites
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 69 
 
 were ready for White Hall for the Seminary, the chapel 
 and the gymnasium. The building erected as an 
 orphanage was rented by the College and the proceeds 
 used for the support of orphan students. The Wickes 
 Industrial Shops were an extensive plant for wood and 
 iron work and included a roller process flour mill. 
 Not less than 112 students were listed in the Self- 
 Help Department and met part of their bills to the 
 College by some form of manual labor. Besides five 
 American missionary residences, five houses had been 
 constructed which were owned by the College and were 
 for the occupation of teachers, and three other teachers 
 occupied their own homes, in the erection of which 
 they had been assisted with loan funds. There were 
 the Turkish bath building, the extensive athletic field, 
 the inviting and restful flower garden, trees with their 
 greenery, the library with 10,000 books, the museum 
 with 7,000 specimens, a telescope for astronomical 
 purposes with a 6y inch lens, a really extensive equip- 
 ment in apparatus, furniture and the supplies necessary 
 to the consecutive life and work of such an institution. 
 Hope for the acquisition of a Demonstration Farm and 
 instruction in Agriculture, and for a course in Business 
 Education, was taking shape. Chief among the assets 
 of the College were the loyal colaborers in the Board 
 of Trustees, the sustaining constituency in America, 
 members of the mission circle, the faculty and a staff of 
 employees on the ground, the alumni and former stu- 
 dents, and a constituency covering the northern half 
 of Asia Minor and reaching around the western curve 
 of the Black Sea past Constantinople into the Balkan 
 states and around the eastern curve through the Cau-
 
 70 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 casus provinces of Russia as far as the Crimea. Then 
 Dr. and Mrs. Tracy returned to America to rest. It 
 was forty-six years since they first sailed for Turkey. 
 Dr. Tracy tendered his resignation from the College 
 Presidency to take effect at the Commencement of 
 1914, and he was elected President Emeritus. 
 
 Dr. Barton writes: 
 
 " Rev. Charles C. Tracy, the young man, began 
 educational work in the corner of a stable in the city of 
 Marsovan; Dr. Tracy left Marsovan with Anatolia 
 College housed in large, substantial buildings, a Theolo- 
 gical Seminary, a Girls' School leading into the College 
 course, and the best and most commodious mission 
 hospital in Turkey. He never shrank from undertaking 
 the impossible, and he seldom failed in achievement. 
 Upon the platform of the American Board some years 
 ago he revealed his creed of action and expressed it in 
 the form of a prayer, ' O Lord, help me to help others 
 to help themselves.' ' 
 
 SUNSET LODGE 
 
 Dr. and Mrs. Tracy and Mary were drawn to Los 
 Angeles, California, because Chester was located there 
 as a Professor of Botany in the high school. As the 
 outbreak of the war made the return of the family to 
 Turkey doubtful, " Sunset Lodge " was bought with 
 borrowed money as a home in the Hollywood suburb. 
 The returned missionaries found abundant occupa- 
 tion. Dr. Tracy made a strong impression at the meet- 
 ing of the National Council of the American Board at 
 Kansas City in October, 1914, and at the Student 
 Volunteer Convention in the same city. He was much
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 71 
 
 in demand for speaking, and he had various plans for 
 writing and for advancing the interests of the work in 
 Marsovan. Many new friends were added to those of 
 earlier years, and especially the Armenians of the 
 Pacific Coast were very friendly and appreciative. 
 They tendered him a banquet at Christopherson's, 
 at which some eighty persons were present, and with 
 congratulatory speeches presented the benefactor of 
 their nation with a purse of 3110 in gold. It was a 
 great joy to Dr. and Mrs. Tracy that the graduates of 
 the College were an honor to Anatolia in America and 
 especially that a number of them had become teachers 
 in American universities. " Too much cannot be said 
 of his love for the Armenians." 
 
 FILLING UP THE SUFFERINGS OF CHRIST 
 
 Early in the year 1915, Turkish officials, aided and 
 abetted by the Germans, determined to eliminate the 
 Armenian question from the area they controlled, by 
 the elimination of the Armenians. The resulting 
 atrocities will not be recounted here in detail, but it 
 may be stated that Marsovan had a population of at 
 least 12,000 Armenians, and when the " deportations " 
 were completed in the early fall, the officials plowed 
 the Armenian cemetery and sowed it to grain as their 
 way of giving public notice that they did not intend to 
 allow any more people of that race to live or die or be 
 buried in the city. Eight members of the College 
 Faculty, because they were Armenians and because 
 they were Christians, were slain. The student body, 
 the Girls' School and the Hospital similarly suffered; 
 and from the Protestant community in the city, con-
 
 72 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 sisting of 950 souls, 900 were swept away. The 
 College continued in session until May, 1916, with 
 Greek, Russian and Turkish students in attendance. 
 No Armenian teacher was spared to the institution and 
 but one student was left to represent that race. On the 
 10th of May, 1916, all the grounds and buildings were 
 occupied by the Turkish officials for the purposes of a 
 military hospital, and the Americans on the ground, 
 ten adults and four children, under the compulsion of 
 armed and mounted police, were put on the road for 
 Constantinople. At the capital of the country pro- 
 tracted negotiations resulted in permission for a few 
 persons to return, and Mr. and Mrs. Getchell, Miss 
 Willard, Miss Gage and Miss Zbinden volunteered 
 to do so. They were allowed to occupy some narrow 
 quarters in the American premises, and there under- 
 took, so far as possible, to hold the situation, protect 
 individuals and mission interests, and maintain the 
 Christian witness. 
 
 The effect of these events on a sensitive and friendly 
 heart can be imagined. The victims were not so many 
 mere numerals or human units, but every one was a 
 warm-blooded person among whom were preachers, 
 teachers, former students, fellow laborers and friends 
 of forty-six years' acquaintance. As soon as work for 
 Armenian and Syrian Relief was organized in this 
 country, Dr. Tracy threw himself heart and soul 
 into this in Los Angeles and California. He ignored 
 questions of international politics, left the problems of 
 the outcome to future solution, and gave himself to 
 the utmost to the work of organizing committees, 
 making public addresses, writing for the press, dis-
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 73 
 
 seminating information, arousing public sentiment 
 and securing contributions for the cause of relief. The 
 intensity of the effort proved too much for the frail 
 body long to endure. In this service Dr. Tracy's life 
 work culminated. 
 
 " Except a corn of wheat fall into the ground and 
 die it abideth alone, but if it die it bringeth forth much 
 fruit." It is this principle that inspires confidence for 
 the present and hope for the future. 
 
 THROUGH THE GATES INTO THE CITY 
 
 Mrs. Tracy relates, in substance, how her dear 
 husband had an ulcer in the stomach and went into 
 the hospital in September, 1916, underwent a course 
 of treatment, and was cured. After that he was obliged 
 to be careful of his diet, but he went regularly to his 
 office and his high pressure work for Relief. In April, 
 1917, there was a recurrence of the malady, and the 
 doctor prescribed a month's rest. But he did not rest. 
 He had the office moved to his home and dictated 
 correspondence to his stenographer every day. On 
 April 7th he wrote his last Marsovan Round Robin 
 letter with a gleam of the old fire, planning Relief tasks, 
 making light of his own suffering, and finding in a 
 militant pacifist " something so ludicrous that I had a 
 good laugh over it as I lay here on the sofa, though too 
 weak to laugh hard." On the 12th he was to make an 
 address at the Bible Institute for the suffering Arme- 
 nians. Though he was so feeble as to be hardly able to 
 stand, those who heard him, say that this effort sur- 
 passed all his other notable addresses in the earnestness 
 and passion displayed. But this was his last public
 
 74 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 service and the end was at hand. On the next day, 
 Saturday, he was taken much worse. He lingered in 
 the Good Samaritan Hospital until Thursday. His 
 wife, his son Chester, and his daughter Mary were at 
 his bedside, as was Mr. Edwin P. Benjamin, their 
 intimate and helpful friend. The other son, Rev. 
 Charles K. Tracy, was busy with his pastorate in Rich- 
 mond, Vermont, and his work for Relief throughout that 
 state. All that medical science could suggest was ac- 
 complished. On Wednesday Mr. Benjamin brought 
 word that relatives and friends had sent money to 
 raise the mortgage on " Sunset Lodge," the home of 
 his wife and daughter. The sick man said, " It is the 
 Lord's doing and marvelous in our eyes." Once he 
 offered prayer, that if it was God's will he might live 
 and work for the suffering Armenians. 
 
 " He wanted to live; he was looking forward to our 
 golden wedding in August; he wanted to finish the 
 story of his life, which he began just a few weeks before 
 he died; he wanted to work for the Hollywood Church 
 when his work for the Armenians was done; he wanted 
 to return and spend his last days in Marsovan in the 
 land which was his adopted home. On Thursday 
 evening, April 19th, the head nurse said his heart was 
 failing. He pressed my hand again and again to tell 
 me he was conscious. A little before twelve o'clock he 
 smiled for several minutes and so passed away. When 
 I saw that happy going home, it took all my tears away. 
 I wish I knew what or whom he saw." 
 
 The funeral took place on Sunday afternoon, April 
 22, 1917, in the Methodist Church of Hollywood. 
 Several pastors shared, including two Armenians.
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 75 
 
 Among the most beautiful floral tributes were those 
 from Armenian and Syrian societies. Armenians were 
 the pall-bearers, and two hundred of that suffering race, 
 which Dr. Tracy loved as God so loved the world, were 
 in the audience. Payment for the lot and monument 
 in Hollywood cemetery was pledged out of the Tracy 
 Love Fund, contributed by Armenians. 
 
 SEMPERVIRENS 
 
 A few years ago Dr. Tracy took great interest in a 
 course of public lectures that he delivered on Christian 
 life and the development of Christianity under the 
 title, " Sempervirens" He wrote: 
 
 " I was strolling one day in the deep forest on the 
 Pacific coast. Around me stood the giant trees of the 
 species called the Sequoia sempervirens. Gazing upon 
 those stupendous living columns, 20 feet in diameter, 
 absolutely erect, with their evergreen branches 300 
 feet in the air, trees attaining sometimes to an 
 age of 200 years or more, and then from their deathless 
 roots reproducing themselves in shoots that possess all 
 the vigor of the parent stem, grow as great, tower as 
 high and live as long, they in turn reproducing them- 
 selves in the same way, I saw the striking significance 
 of the name given to this tree. Well is it named 
 sempervirens for it flourishes in perpetuity; it has in 
 its roots the power of an endless life." 
 
 Dr. Tracy's personality is an example of " the power 
 of an endless life." A student writes: "His death 
 brought me face to face with immortality, and I said to 
 myself that death has nothing to do with such a life." 
 And as far as we can look into the future of this world,
 
 76 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 Dr. Tracy's life will live in Anatolia College and the 
 affiliated institutions in Marsovan. His memory 
 will be recalled with especial veneration at the annual 
 Founders' Day celebration which will be held on his 
 birthday, October 31st, which is also the birthday 
 of Mrs. John F. Smith. Again, his life will abide as a 
 vital force in the hearts of over 2,000 students who have 
 for longer or shorter periods attended the College; 
 over 300 from among them who have graduated; 
 nearly 200 others whom he shared in preparing to 
 preach; in the hundreds of pupils in the Girls' School 
 and of patients in the Hospital who have felt the 
 influence of his personality; in the thousands scattered 
 widely in America, in Europe, in Turkey, who have been 
 quickened by his touch; in his colaborers of the Station, 
 the Faculty, the Mission Field, who have been inspired 
 to emulate his loyal response to the Master of us all, 
 who directed his disciples to go: go and preach the 
 gospel, go and heal the sick, go and teach all nations, 
 " and lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of 
 the world."
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 77 
 
 MORNING COMETH 
 
 Anatolia College Hymn 
 Words by Pres. C. C. Tracy Music by Prof. A. T. Daghlian 
 
 Morning cometh, morning cometh, 
 Night shade and terrors pale. 
 Morning cometh, morning cometh, 
 All hail! sweet light, all hail! 
 Swift comes the dawn with rosy ray, 
 The gloomy shadows flee away, 
 The gloomy shadows flee away. 
 Let sadness with the night depart, 
 Let joy and peace fill every heart; 
 Come one, come all, a cheerful throng! 
 Greet Alma Mater with a song! 
 
 Refrain: 
 
 Anatolia! Anatolia! 
 Long be thy gladsome day. 
 Anatolia forever! 
 Anatolia for aye! 
 
 Morning cometh, morning cometh, 
 Arise! and greet the day. 
 Morning cometh, morning cometh, 
 Come join the joyful lay! 
 Swift comes the dawn with rosy ray, 
 The gloomy shadows flee away, 
 The gloomy shadows flee away. 
 It is the day so long and bright, 
 It is the dawn of love and light, 
 Now joyful hope each bosom thrills 
 And morning dances o'er the hills. 
 
 Refrain: 
 
 Morning cometh, morning cometh, 
 The heavenly heralds say. 
 Morning cometh, morning cometh, 
 Up ! Meet the King of day ! 
 O light divine, rejoice our eyes! 
 O Sun of Righteousness, arise! 
 O Sun of Righteousness, arise!
 
 1 
 
 78 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 
 
 Send with swift wing thy healing beam 
 O'er hill and valley, plain and stream, 
 Till 'neath thy reign, from shore to shore, 
 Woe, night and sin shall be no more. 
 
 THE MOUNTAINS OF PONTUS 
 
 Ye Mountains of Pontus that rise in my view, 
 
 Enswathed in the sunrise and bathed in the blue, 
 
 Sublime in repose ye encircle the plain, 
 
 O'er the folds of your slopes roam the flock and the swain, 
 
 O! Mountains of Pontus, familiar and dear, 
 
 Ye have captured my heart, and imprisoned it here. 
 
 Ye are fair, oh, so fair, growing rosy at dawn, 
 
 Or reddening at eve when night's curtain is drawn. 
 
 Oh, grandly ye tower when the tempest is high 
 
 And the storm-clouds are torn on your crags as they fly. 
 
 O, Mountains of Pontus, your forms I revere. 
 
 Ye have captured my heart and imprisoned it here. 
 
 Through your vales wind the Halys and Iris to meet 
 
 The surf of the Euxine that rolls to your feet, 
 
 Still assembled ye wait, though o'er each hoary head 
 
 The shadows and lights of the ages have sped. 
 
 Ye Mountains of Pontus, oh, say by what art, 
 
 By what magic of wiles ye have captured my heart. 
 
 Ah, Mountains of Pontus, your secret I know 
 Not the rocks nor the rills nor the heights clad in snow, 
 There, there is the charm, nestled close at your feet 
 The grace that enthralls, the enchantment so sweet; 
 Though other scenes call me, I'm loth to depart, 
 For dear Anatolia has stolen my heart. 
 
 MARSOVAN, Feb. 2, 1912. CHARLES C. TRACT. 
 
 EBENEZER 
 
 Sovereign of all the spheres, 
 Thou God of all the years, 
 
 Thy name we praise; 
 In Thee our hopes abide; 
 Thy light has been our guide, 
 Thy love has glorified 
 
 Our earthly days.
 
 CHARLES CHAPIN TRACY 79 
 
 Thy mercy ne'er forgot, 
 Thy promise failed us not 
 
 In peril's hour; 
 
 Thee, 'mid the maddened throng 
 Intent on cruel wrong 
 We've found a refuge strong, 
 
 A mighty tower. 
 
 Oft, on life's weary way, 
 We found, in heat of day 
 
 Thy rock's cool shade; 
 There, rest for weary feet, 
 There, draughts from fountain sweet, 
 There, safe and sure retreat 
 
 Thy presence made. 
 
 In time of grief profound 
 When darkness gathered round 
 
 Gethsemane, 
 
 Though bowed in anguished prayer 
 We knew, in our despair, 
 The Son of God was there 
 
 Our strength to be. 
 
 With wonder we survey 
 The long and devious way 
 
 Our feet have trod; 
 'Mid all the hopes and fears 
 Of all the changing years 
 There evermore appears 
 
 A present God. 
 
 All other things above, 
 Our Father, may Thy love 
 
 Our thoughts employ. 
 And may our life in Thee 
 Here and hereafter be 
 One service glad and free, 
 One world of joy. 
 
 CHARLES C. TRACY. 
 Written for the Anatolian Jubilee, June, 1914.
 
 The Prudential Committee of the American Board, by act of the 
 Legislature of the State of Massachusetts, are the Trustees of the 
 College. They control all funds. This ensures confidence, continuity 
 and reliability to the administration. Friends and supporters 
 should note the official organization. Bequests should be made in 
 this form: ' 
 
 I give and bequeath to the Trustees of Anatolia College, situated 
 in Marsovan, Turkey, incorporated under the laws of the State of 
 
 Massachusetts, March 14, 1894, the sum of 
 
 for the purposes of the College. 
 
 Administration headquarters, 14 Beacon Street, Boston, Massa- 
 chusetts, U. S. A.
 
 University of California 
 
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