A 
 ■ OMPLETE MANUAL 
 
 OF 
 
 PHONOGRAPHY 
 
 BY 
 
 W. D. KNIGHT. 
 
/ 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
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Digitized by tine Internet Arcliive 
 
 in 2007 witli funding from 
 
 IVIicrosoft Corporation 
 
 littp://www.arcliive.org/details/completemanualofOOknigiala 
 
COMPLETE MANUAL 
 
 OF 
 
 PHONOGRAPHY 
 
 (PITMANIC) 
 
 BY THE SENTENCE METHOD 
 
 For Use in Schooi^s and Coli^eges 
 
 AND FOR 
 
 SELF-INSTRUCTION 
 
 BY 
 
 ^villiam: d. knight 
 
 1 O O 5 
 
 PRESS OF 
 
 Franklin Hudson Publishing Co. 
 kansas city, mo. 
 
Copyrighted December 19, 1905 
 Bt WILLIAM D. KNIGHT 
 
K74 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In presenting this work to the public I do not 
 claim to introduce any new system of Shorthand ; 
 but that of Isaac Pitman, revised and simplified 
 by a few omissions, alterations, and additions, 
 which years of experience have proven to be not 
 only practical, but important. 
 
 The "Sentence Method," employed by the 
 
 school instructors in teaching their pupils to read 
 
 and write, has been applied with equal advantage 
 
 to Shorthand. By the "Sentence Method," as 
 
 herein set forth, the student does not begin with 
 
 e/> a formidable array of disconnected signs, but with 
 
 ti word outlines and easy sentences, from the prac- 
 
 tice of which he gains a thorough mastery of the 
 
 «5 phonographic characters. 
 
 g In the first lesson only the Consonants are 
 
 3 presented, which are divided into three groups: 
 First, the Straight Consonants and their employ- 
 ment in representing words of this class ; then the 
 ^ Curved Consonants are presented and treated in 
 " the same way, and so on with all the principles; 
 z thus bringing all the entire system before the 
 * student by degrees, whereby Phonography can 
 be learned much more readily, as has been fully 
 demonstrated by years of experience in teaching 
 y in high schools and colleges. 
 E The shorthand sentences in this work are 
 
 p carefully graded, so that the student writes every 
 outline as an expert would write it. He practices 
 reporting from the start; he learns nothing that 
 he will have to unlearn. 
 
 Phonography, as herein presented, can be 
 mastered in one-third less time than by any other 
 method heretofore presented. 
 
 The Author. 
 
 449592 
 
4 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Part I. Page. 
 
 Directions to the Student, 7 
 
 Table of Consonants, 8 
 
 Vowels and Diphthongs, 9 
 
 Straight Consonants, 10 
 
 Straight Consonant IvOgograms, 11 
 
 Curved Consonants, 13 
 
 Curved Consonant Logograms, 14 
 
 Double Consonants and Logograms, ....15 
 
 Vowel Logograms, Punctuation, 16 
 
 Joined Consonants, 18 
 
 Writing in Position, 20 
 
 Vocalization and Phrasing, 22 
 
 Circles and Loops, 23, 24 
 
 Circled and Looped Logograms, 26 
 
 When to Use Stroke S and ST Loop, .... 28 
 
 Initial Hooks, 30 
 
 Hooked Logograms, 31 
 
 Upward and Downward L and R, 35 
 
 Vocalization, 39 
 
 Final Hooks, 41 
 
 Finally Hooked Logograms, 48 
 
 The Halving Principle, 50 
 
 Half-length Logograms, 53 
 
 The Aspirate H, 55 
 
 Double-length Principle, 58 
 
 Double-length Logograms, 59 
 
 The Prefixes, 62 
 
 The Suffixes, 64 
 
 Contractions, 68 
 
 Punctuation, Etc., 75 
 
 Phraseography, 76 
 
 Method of Practice, 80 
 
 Remarks, 87 
 
 Speed Practice, 88 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 5 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Part II. Page. 
 
 Writing in Position, 90 
 
 Resume of the Logograms, 91 
 
 Positive and Negative Words, 97 
 
 Omission of Con and Com Prefixes, 98 
 
 Representation of Figures, 100 
 
 Business Phrases and Contractions, 104 
 
 Forty-six Principal Cities, 108 
 
 Forty-six States and Territories, 109 
 
 Business Correspondence, no 
 
 Key to Business Correspondence, 118 
 
 Reporting Contractions, 127 
 
 What Am I to Do Now? 134 
 
 Phrasing 135 
 
 Advanced Phraseography, 136 
 
 Intersected Words, 145 
 
 Miscellaneous Interserted Phrases, 146 
 
 Law Phrases, 148 
 
 Legal Forms, 151 
 
 Legal Correspondence, 153 
 
 Suggestions, Actual Court Work, . . . .157 
 
 Court Testimony, 161 
 
 Reporting Practice, 1 69 
 
 Business and Technical Words, 175 
 
 Index, 186-186 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 7 
 
 PART I. 
 Directions to the Student. 
 
 The art of Phonography may be easily ac- 
 quired. Experience has shown that its principles 
 are mastered by most learners in a short time, and 
 that an hour's daily practice in reading and writ- 
 ing for three or four months wdll enable the stu- 
 dent to write at a fair rate of speed. Swift w riting 
 comes only by regular and continued practice. 
 
 Phonography is best written on ruled paper. 
 Either pen or pencil may be used, but the pencil 
 is recommended for writing the exercises and for 
 ordinary reporting; but the writer should accus- 
 tom himself to write with a pen, for in some in- 
 stances it will be necessary for him to do so. 
 
 The student should not try to write the short- 
 hand characters rapidly at the outset, and he 
 must guard himself against making them too 
 large or too small; make them as near the size 
 they are in the Instructor as possible. 
 
 The student should bear in mind that he is 
 learning to write by "sound," and should accus- 
 tom himself to make a mental analysis of the 
 consonant and vowel sounds which compose the 
 word that he wishes to write in shorthand. 
 
 The recognized number of sounds in all pho- 
 netic Shorthand is forty-one — twenty-four conso- 
 nants, twelve vowels, and five diphthongs. The 
 consonants are represented by straight and 
 curved lines, the vowels by dots and dashes, and 
 the diphthongs by angular marks. 
 
 In Phonography no silent letters are used. 
 The light sounds are represented by light lines 
 and the hard sounds by shaded lines; and in 
 writing we use only the letters that sound ; thus, 
 "know" is written the same as "no"; "cent" the 
 same as "sent." 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Consonants. 
 
 
 Name. 
 
 Sound. 1 
 
 p 
 
 \ pec as in hope. 
 
 H 
 
 \ bee 
 
 ' lo6e. 
 
 T 
 
 1 tee 
 
 ' mate. 
 
 D 
 
 1 dee 
 
 ' made. 
 
 CH 
 
 / chay 
 
 " choke. 
 
 J 
 
 / jay 
 
 ' James. 
 
 K 
 
 —.kay 
 
 ' raafee. 
 
 G 
 
 gay 
 
 ' game. 
 
 R 
 
 ^ ray 
 
 ' mys. 
 
 W 
 
 c/ way 
 
 ' wave. 
 
 Y 
 
 o yea ' 
 
 ' Kale. 
 
 H 
 
 / aitch 
 
 ' high. 
 
 H 
 
 hay 
 
 ' ' hate. 
 
 Name. Sound 
 F I ef as in sa/e 
 
 V I vee 
 
 Th ( ith 
 
 TH ( thee 
 
 S ^ ess 
 
 Z ) zee 
 
 SH_^ ish 
 
 ZH_^ zhee 
 
 R "^ ar 
 
 M ^ — >, em 
 N v._yen 
 NGVwf^ing 
 L /^el 
 
 waT^e. 
 " wreath. 
 " soothe. 
 " .real. 
 " zeal 
 " wish. 
 " azure. 
 " farm. 
 " the?;/. 
 " name. 
 " thin<7. 
 iell 
 
 Double Consonants 
 Name. Sound. 
 
 WH c/whay as in where. 
 QU C— quay " queer. 
 
 GU r guav " an^wish. 
 MP) emp " hemp. 
 MB)'''^emb " em6alm. 
 
 Name. Sound. 
 /^ WI/ wel as in WesHi. 
 
 ^WHLwhel " whelp. 
 
 ^ LR ler " ieeler. 
 
 "^ RR rer " sorer. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography^ ' 9 
 
 VoWEIvS. ♦ //^ 
 
 hong. 
 
 Short. 
 
 I Position, 
 
 •ah. 
 
 -aw. 
 
 I Position, 
 
 a, o. 
 
 as in 
 
 pa. 
 
 law. 
 
 as in 
 
 lad, odd. 
 
 2 Position, 
 
 .a, 
 
 -o. 
 
 2 Position, 
 
 .e, -u. 
 
 as in 
 
 take, 
 
 pole. 
 
 as in 
 
 met, nut. 
 
 3 Position, 
 
 .e, 
 
 -oo. 
 
 3 Position, 
 
 .i, -oo. 
 
 as in 
 
 eat, 
 
 pool. 
 
 as in 
 
 bit, good. 
 
 
 
 Diphthongs. 
 
 
 I Position, 
 
 \'l, 
 
 >0I. 
 
 3 Position, 
 
 AOW, nU. 
 
 as in 
 
 fire. 
 
 boil. 
 
 as in 
 
 fowl, due. 
 
 When W or Y is followed by a vowel, a diph- 
 thong is formed, which is represented by a small 
 semi-circle. The W series open to the right and 
 left and the Y series open to the top and bottom. 
 
 These signs may be joined to the consonants 
 initially, but must be so joined as to form an 
 angle with the stroke, otherwise the stroke w or y 
 must be written. 
 
 DissYi,i,ABic Diphthongs. 
 
 When two accented vowels come together, a 
 dissyllabic diphthong is formed, which is repre- 
 sented by angular marks, opening to the right and 
 left and inclined upward, and written in the posi- 
 tion of the simple vowels, and form a series. 
 
 ^1 
 
 ^1 
 
 ^ 
 
 -7[ 
 
 -/: 
 
 -^l ?^ 
 
 ah-i, a-i, ee-i, aw-i, oh-i, oo-i. 
 
10 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Straight Consonants, 
 
 1 . Ray, way, yea, and hay are always writ- 
 ten up; all of the other straight consonants are 
 always written down, except k and g, which are 
 written from left to right. Do not call gay g; 
 there is no g in Shorthand. Gay represents the 
 hard sound of g, as in game, gone, egg, etc, J 
 represents the soft sound of g, as in age, gem, etc. 
 Do not call chay c-h, way w, or yea y, but give 
 them their respective phonetic sounds. 
 
 2. Ray is distinguished from chay, when 
 standing alone, by the angle; ray slopes a little 
 from the parallel and chay a little from the per- 
 pendicular. Ray is made up and chay is made 
 down. 
 
 Copy the following shorthand characters, 
 placing the longhand letters after each, until you 
 are perfectly familiar with the individual appear- 
 ance of each character; then write the shorthand 
 characters only, where there are typed letters. 
 Exercise I. 
 
 \\ \\ //^ -^^^^ 
 
 /I ^ I ^ ,y ^ / ? x\ A 
 / .^ ^ ? y / \\ .^ / /? 
 
 \ / I /_ y—K \ .xl/ 
 
 P, t, b, d, ch, j, k, g, r, w, y, h (up), h (down). 
 B, r, p, ch, j, y, t, k, b, d, h, w, k, ch, h, t, 
 T, ch, j, y, .g, b, k, p, t, d, h, w, ch, b, t, h. 
 D, w, h, k, p, h, r, w, b, t, y, ch, d, b, h, ch. 
 Ch, d, b, g, r, t, y, h, k, p, b, K t, ch, d, p. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography 
 
 11 
 
 Logograms. 
 
 3. Frequently occurring words are expressed 
 in Shorthand by one of their characters; these 
 characters^ are called logograms, or word-signs. 
 Logograms are^ written in position according to' 
 their accented vowel sound . Words containing 
 the vowel sound of ah, aw, a, o, I, or oi are writ- 
 ten above the line ; those containing a, o, e, or u 
 are written on the line ; those containing e, 1, 00, 
 ow, or u are written through the line. Excep- 
 tions: First, those which, in their proper posi- 
 tion,' would clash with other words; second, those 
 of frequent occurrence, written on the line for 
 convenience. Words marked (i) are written 
 above the line; words marked (3) are written 
 through the line; those not marked are written 
 on the line. Where words are printed with a 
 hyphen, as given, the logogram represents both 
 give and given. 
 
 Straight Consona.nt Logograms. 
 
 / Age 
 
 \ Happy (i) 
 
 \ up, pay, hope 
 
 \ put (3) 
 
 \ by, buy (1) 
 
 \ be 
 
 \ to be (3) 
 
 I at (I) 
 
 lit 
 
 I Out (3) 
 I had(i) 
 I do, day 
 
 Idiflferen . v 
 ce(;3) 
 
 / much (i) 
 / which 
 / each (3) 
 /large, joy(i) 
 
 can (i) 
 
 .come oa^f^iA^ 
 
 go, ago (i) 
 
 .,^give-n 
 t/way. away 
 /^are 
 /^our,hour(3) 
 
12 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Exercise II. 
 
 (To be written in shorthand.) 
 Our, large, each, way, which, give, are, to be. 
 Much, given, different, come, joy, day, can, had. 
 Age, out, happy, pay, difference, up, it, be, at. 
 By, ago, away, go, put, our, given, to be happy. 
 Come buy it. Go pay it up. At our day. Are 
 at it. Do go away. Had to be different. To be 
 at large. It came out. By which way. Our 
 way to be it. Can. Our difference. Each are 
 away. Can be given away. It had to be given 
 away. It had to be put out. Can it come out 
 happy? Which had to be given out. To be dif- 
 ferent. Each are to be out. To be at it." Which 
 difference can it be. Our joy had come. 
 
 Exercise III. 
 (To be translated into longhand.) 
 
 — \ I., I ~t^,\,' /,. I — [h 
 
 "T?- 
 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 13 
 
 Curved Consonants. 
 
 4. All the curved consonants are written 
 down except m, n, and ng, which are written from 
 left to right. The heavy curves should be shaded 
 in the middle only, the same as shaded curves in 
 ordinary longhand. Make the light lines very 
 light; then you will not have to retrace the 
 shaded ones. 
 
 Practice the'following exercise the sameTas the 
 preceding one, until you are perfectly familiar 
 with the exact form of each character, and then 
 write only the shorthand characters for all the 
 exercises that are in common print. 
 Exercise IV. 
 
 ^ ^ ( ( ) ) J J ^..r 
 A . . ) r . . ^ ^ ^ ( ^ 
 
 )r^^ .A >C)( ^k.. 
 
 V o r -^ r V J^ 
 
 - ^ r. . wr>^ )^'^ ( 
 k \L I ( / (V^ .^)/ 
 r \ J \(^ 
 
 F, V, th, TH, s, z, sh, zh, m, n, ng, 1, R, z, v. 
 V, 1, n, m, th, s, R, f, zh, m, v, th, v, th, zh. 
 Th, z, s, v, s, f, TH, n, m, 1, sh, zh, z, s, ng. 
 TH, z, V, s, th, f, zh, R, sh, th, m, 1, n, f, z. 
 S, m, 1, R, n, z, v, f, sh, 1, m, v, Th^ sh, ng. 
 
14 Complete Matiual of Phonography. 
 
 Curved Consonant Logograms. 
 
 ^Off. half (i) 
 
 V^few (3) 
 i have 
 ^view (3) 
 
 ( thank (i) 
 
 ^ think 
 
 ( youth (3) 
 
 ) Saw,sigh(i) 
 
 ) so, us 
 
 ) see, use (3) 
 
 \ was 
 
 )use, whose 
 (3) 
 
 y Shalt (i) 
 ^ show, shall 
 ^ she, wish (3) 
 
 ^ 
 
 / though, thy I 
 
 V (i) y usual-ly 
 
 / thee, thou 
 ^ (3) 
 
 Year (3) 
 
 in, any (i) 
 no, own 
 me, my (i) 
 him, may 
 
 Language 
 owing (i) 
 
 s.^ thing 
 s^ young (3) 
 r law (i) 
 /^ Lord 
 y^ allow (3) 
 
 (them, they -^ ^^ ^^^ 
 
 \your 
 
 Exercise V. 
 (To be written in shorthand ) 
 Which way do they go ? Do they go our way 
 or no? They wish it put off. It was law. She 
 was happy. They have put it off, so they say. 
 It was our wish. She was put off half way. Do 
 they think they can? They can do so if they 
 wish it. It was different. Do see them. Put it 
 up by him. Though it may be. Thou shalt do 
 much by them. It was our own view. Was it in 
 our language? In youth or age, give me. So it 
 was different, was it? Have they any-thing? 
 They had given me out. If so, use it in your 
 way. Thank them, so they can go away. It was 
 different. 
 
Complete Manual of PJionographj^. 
 
 15 
 
 Double Consonants. 
 
 4. There are eight double consonants : Whay 
 being the same as way, but with a large init al 
 hook. Quay and Guay are indicated by writing 
 a large initial hook on the k and g. Emp or Emb, 
 by shading the m. Wei, by making a small in- 
 itial hook, and Whel, by a large initial hook on 
 the inside of L. Those hooks, W or WH, are al- 
 ways read first. Rer is indicated by shading the 
 R, and Ler by shading the L. All shaded strokes 
 are written down, except gay, ng, and guay. 
 
 Exercise VI. 
 
 L=il 
 
 r ^ rr .r 
 
 Whay, quay, guay, emp, wel, whel, ler, rer, quay. 
 Whel, ler, wel, quay, rer, whay, guay, quay, ler. 
 There are but nine words represented by the 
 double consonants as logograms; they are as 
 follows : 
 
 Double Consonant Logograms. 
 
 ^ Well 
 f will (3) 
 /J^ while (i) 
 
 i^^ Whether 
 (/^whither (3) 
 C equal 
 
 ant 
 ''**Mmport (1) 
 ance 
 
 f' lower 
 
 Write only the hook of will under the line. 
 
16 
 
 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 6. There are twenty-seven words represent- 
 ed by the signs used to indicate the vowels and 
 diphthongs, and each of them is represented by 
 one of the letters of which the word is composed, 
 except "and" and "he," in which neither of the 
 letters are represented. "Why" is represented 
 by the sign used to indicate the triphthong WI, as 
 in "wide." 
 
 Vowel Logograms. 
 
 O we (i, 2, 3) 
 
 /who 
 
 ^ what (i) 
 
 Q when 
 
 ^ why (i) 
 
 ^ would 
 
 Cwith (i) 
 
 ^Yes (i) 
 
 f>you 
 
 7- The full stop, or period, is represented by 
 a small cross. All the other punctuations are in- 
 dicated the same as in print, but it is preferable 
 to make a small cross under the exclamation and 
 interrogation, instead of the dot. 
 
 Note. — Practice writing the sentences on the follow- 
 ing page until you can write them at the rate of fifty or 
 sixty words per minute. 
 
 • a or an (i) 
 
 1 he 
 
 ^ and ( I , up) 
 
 A how 
 
 • ah (i) 
 
 ^ I, eye, high 
 (i) 
 
 \all(i) 
 /awe, ought 
 '•Beyond (i) 
 
 1 ! oh ! owe 
 
 (i) 
 N of(i) 
 
 1 on(i) 
 
 f but 
 
 / should (up) 
 
 .Eh 
 
 \to 
 
 ^too, two 
 
 • the 
 
 
 Punctuation. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 17 
 
 Exercise VII. 
 (To be written from dictation.) 
 All of them think they ought to go. Oh, I 
 think they do too well. Of all who have come, I 
 think two of them ought to go away. It may be, 
 if they do come, they will come to-day. They 
 will be happy if they do come. Who have they 
 to thank but you? I think they will thank all of 
 us. If each of us do what we can by him, he will 
 thank us all. I know it will improve all who use 
 it. I hope it will be an important improvement. 
 Come and see me in half an hour, if you can. 
 She will sigh if I use your half of the pay and put 
 it to my own use. Thou shalt have thy half of 
 the thing while I go with thee, if you wish it. It 
 was the difference in our language which put him 
 out, but I will allow him to think of it, should he 
 wish to do so. Can you hope to do anything with 
 it at all? If so, how much, and in what way? 
 You and I are different to them, but they are 
 young, and will have to do what you and I had 
 to do. It will give me much joy to have you with 
 me, when you can do so. I wish you would 
 come up and see me when you can. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 1. How many of the straight consonants are 
 
 written up? 
 
 2. How is ray distinguished from chay? 
 
 3. How many straight consonant logograms are 
 
 there ? 
 
 4. How should curved strokes be shaded ? 
 
 5. How many first-place vowels are there? 
 
 Give their sounds. How many second- 
 place? Give their sounds. Third-place? 
 Give their sounds? 
 
 6. How are logograms usually written as to 
 
 position? 
 
18 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 LESSON 2. 
 
 Joined Consonants. 
 
 8. All the consonants in a word are written 
 without taking the pen or pencil off the paper, 
 the second stroke beginning where the first ends, 
 and so on, until all the strokes are written. 
 
 9. When a curved consonant is repeated, it is 
 written twice. When a straight stroke is repeated, 
 it is written double its usual length. Light and 
 shaded lines, without a distinct angle between 
 them, are joined in such a manner that the point 
 of union is not discernible. 
 
 10. L and sh, when joined to other strokes, 
 may be written either up or down ; L and sh, when 
 joined together, are always written up. In this 
 and the following lessons (until the rules on the 
 subject are reached) the student is directed by an 
 italic letter when to write L, R, and H down. 
 
 \^ V^ 
 
 Exercise VIII. 
 
 v< ^^ ~y 
 
 Ky X\r'. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Exercise VIII. — Con. 
 
 19 
 
 / 
 
 f 
 
 o_ 
 
 ^ r-< 
 
 jC 
 
 P^^-^^ 
 
 ^ — --^-L^ 
 
 ± 
 
 ^ 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 — ( r\r 
 
 T 
 
 
 21 
 
 Exercise IX. 
 (Ith is represented by th, and thee by th.) 
 
 1. P-m, b-m, t-m, ch-m, j-m, k-m, g-m, f-m, 
 
 2. TH-m, th-m, s-m, z-m, r-m, R-m, w-m, 1-m, 
 
 3. Wh-L, y-1, r-1, f-1, v-L, R-\, k-1, h-1, sh-1, 
 
 sh-m. 
 
 4. M-r, 1-sh, f-L, b-1, 1-p, r-d, h-d, sh-p, p-k, 
 
 ch-m. 
 
 5. T-p, p-p, whl-p, m-1, 1-v, h-p, f-1, m-1, h-t. 
 
 6. Mb-sh, 1-d, n-f, k-k, i-R-m, p-r-L, f-1, qu-p. 
 
 7. Gu-n, ch-d, 1-k-l, 1-sh, d-th, d-1, t-r, b-TH. 
 
 8. G-d, m.-R, n-LR, n-RR, r-th-1, m-n-d,m-n-th-l. 
 
20 Complete Manual of rhonography. 
 
 WRITING IN POSITION. 
 
 11. Words are written in three positions: 
 above the Hne, on the Une, and through the line. 
 The position of a word is determined by the vowel, 
 or the accented vowel, if there is more than one 
 in a word. A word containing a first-place vowel 
 sound is written about one-third the length of a 
 stroke above the line; but if the outline is made 
 up of all horizontal strokes, it should be written 
 nearly the length of a stroke above the line. 
 
 y 5 5 , 9 5 y J ^-_> 
 
 Pa, law, add, joy, sigh, Shaw, my, at, by, thaw. 
 
 12. A word containing a second-place ac- 
 cented vowel should be written on the line. 
 
 Pay, show, they, may, lay, so, age, hay, bay, no. 
 
 13. A word containing a third-place vowel 
 sound should be written through the line, unless 
 it be a word containing all horizontal strokes, in 
 which case it should be written just below the line. 
 
 ^/^><-' 
 
 Due, fee, now, new, feel, Jew, see, thee, meal. 
 
 The rule for position applies chiefly to short 
 words, and the place or position of long words is 
 generally on the line. All words that contain 
 three or more consonants should rest on the line. 
 The first up or down stroke determines the posi- 
 tion of all words, no matter where it may come. 
 
 Note. — Practice reading the following exercise until 
 you can read it like print; then copy it. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 2l 
 
 EXERCISE X. 
 
 '^ 
 
 ^ \ 
 
 n ;> 
 
 U_i 
 
 V 
 
 ^ 
 
 - o-\r\^ ^^ \. 
 
 ^1- ^1 
 
 • ^ ^x, ^ 
 
 Ln_L 
 
 JX 
 
 _ s ■) ) c n -1 V-2 
 
 \-r^UV.-nV-^. I 
 
 - 1 '^x^Vvi^n -y ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 <<v i^v ^^x A j I) • ^ \^-; 
 
 V;>V-^=-^?^^J?-^^^^^=^ 
 
 )-llr^^.l,/>- 
 
 /fiTi.-n I v^ 
 
 mi 
 
 jX 
 
 Kkv^ V-( ^ x-i- Oc 
 
 d- 
 
 -|^^^ 
 
 ^ .Kj TTT^I ) . V ( 
 
 ^ 
 
 _a. 
 
 — I ^ 
 
 ^:>~a 
 
 _V-\ ■ u 
 
 V 
 
 ^- \ ~(^ s V , n r 
 
 
 r ■>- 
 
 u.^^ 
 
 -Ae^ 
 
 p _,\<rv2^ 
 
 _ci_ 
 
 V 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 w.D.K. 
 
22 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Vocalization and Phrasing. 
 
 14. I, 01, and WI may be joined initially 
 when they will form a sharp angle ; and, before M 
 and L, omit the last part of I, only writing the first 
 stroke and joining that on to the M or h. I, OW, 
 and U may be joined finally; and when OW or U 
 follows N finally, omit the first part of OW and 
 the last part of U ; but final I must not be joined 
 unless there is a sharp angle, and both strokes of 
 the I must be written. Note the following: 
 
 ^^^ -^ ■! ~^ ^ V ^ I 
 
 J !j 9 9 7 ^--^ ^\^ f--r^V^ 
 
 I am, I will, oil, wide, nigh, now, few, new, due. 
 
 15. The word "the" is represented by a 
 "tick," written in the direction of ch, and may be 
 made either up or down. This tick is always 
 joined to the preceding word. It is never used as 
 a prefix. 
 
 w. > ^ V ^ L 
 
 9 9 ^ ? ? 2L 
 
 in the, of the, to the, by the, on the, at the. 
 
 16. The first word in a phrase occupies its 
 own position in regard to the line. But w^hen a 
 word is preceded by a vowel logogram in the first 
 position, 'the Vlogogram may be written a little 
 higher or lower, to suit the position of the fol- 
 lowing word. In phrasing,'tlie hook on wdll and 
 well may be'omitted, as in the following phrases: 
 
 I have, and at, of it, you will, I wish, you well. 
 .• I Phrasing. 
 
 I-think-you-will-do-well. I-hope-you-are-in- 
 the. At-the-time. I-think-we-will-do-well. If- 
 vou-are. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 23 
 
 LESSON 3. 
 S AND SES Circles. 
 
 17. The sound of S or Z is generally repre- 
 sented by a small circle, and when it is written at 
 the beginning of a stroke, it is always read first, 
 and at the end of a stroke it is always read last. 
 The circle S is written on the right-hand side of 
 all straight down-strokes and on the upper side 
 of the horizontal and up-strokes. 
 
 \ 3 I ; 1 J /" ) <3 )^^~^ } ^ , <^^ . 
 
 Sup, days, set, such, chase, skies, bees, ways. 
 
 18. When S comes between two straight 
 strokes forming an angle, it is written on the out- 
 side of the angle ; when the S comes between two 
 straight "strokes running in the same direction, it 
 is written according to the above rule. (See 17.) 
 
 Task, risk, gusty, desk, cask, husk, rusty, exit. 
 
 19. The circle S is written on the inside of 
 all curves, and when it comes between two curves, 
 it is usually (not always) written on the inside 
 of the^;first curve. 
 
 Safe, vase, some, moss. Mason, massive, facility. 
 
 20. A large circle written in the middle or at 
 the end of a word represents SES or SEZ, and is 
 supposed to contain the short vowel E, but it is 
 sometimes used to represent SIS or SIZ. 
 
 Possess, noses, laces, exist, exercise, emphasis. 
 
24 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 SW Circle, ST and STR Loops. 
 
 21. SW (named Sway) is indicated by 
 writing a large circle at the beginning of a stroke, 
 on the same side as circle S. When not joined to 
 another consonant, SW is represented by writing 
 circle S inside the hook of Way : 
 
 Sweep, sweet, switch, swan, swam, swell, swathe. 
 
 22. A small loop, one-half the length of a 
 consonant, written on the same side as the circle 
 S, represents ST (named Stee). When written 
 at the beginning, it is always read first, and at the 
 end it represents either ST or ZD, and is read last. 
 This loop may be written in the middle of a word 
 when it makes a good joining, or sharp angle. 
 
 \, i\J,r.r, /,^^ 
 
 Step, test, state, style, least, chest, mystify. 
 
 23. A large loop, one-half the length of a con- 
 sonant, written on the same side as the circle S, 
 represents STR (named Ster). This loop is never 
 written initially, but may be written in the mid- 
 dle of a word, when it makes a sharp angle with 
 the following stroke : 
 
 \ ,/^,^ ,^ :^ , (^-^ 
 
 Paster, luster, master, Foster, masterpiece, etc- 
 
 24. To express the plural number or possess- 
 ive case after these loops and SES, continue the 
 stroke, and form a small circle on the opposite 
 side of the consonant : 
 
 \>, ^, ^,-^,r, ^^ 
 
 Possesses, nests, vests, exercises, lasts, rests. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 25 
 
 ExerciselXI. 
 
 C L ) ) J J . -^ \^ ^^ r '^ J' 
 \ ? \ P//>^ ^ \V k k 
 
 Exercise XII. 
 
 Sam says he was dismissed last week, since 
 which time he caused some of them to go just the 
 same. I think it the best thing he can do to go 
 to the races. It was some of the masterpieces I 
 saw last month at the shows. Last Tuesday I 
 was at Lester and on Wednesday at Chester. He 
 must testify to the master's story. You must 
 swim if you would exercise all the muscles of your 
 body. Write all of this exercise just six times 
 ere you give up. You must come up on Satur- 
 day if you wish to see some nice pieces of silk on 
 sale at our store. We bought it to sell, and it 
 must be sold right away. I wish you would go 
 with me to Chester next week. If I can sell my 
 hay, I think I can go with you. Some time ago I 
 had to go with you to the store. Yes, sir; and 
 vou must come to see me in two davs. 
 
26 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 fij! Circled and lyOOPED Logograms. 
 
 O As, has (i) 
 
 *-v As has y s 
 has as ^ 
 
 , Because 
 
 (0 
 
 cause 
 \) business (3) 
 
 ^ First 
 
 Q Has as / \ 
 as has 
 
 .^-tt himself 
 
 ^ his is 
 
 ^ is his 
 /*^ [m possible 
 (I) 
 ^<r^ improve- 
 ments 
 
 ^^ 
 
 v_p Influence 
 
 (I) 
 v.^ influenced 
 
 (i) 
 O is, his 
 
 b itself (3) 
 ^^Most (i) 
 x'^must 
 
 >s^Next 
 
 O Ourselves 
 
 -^ (3) 
 
 ^ Religious(3) 
 
 P Saviour 
 ^' several 
 
 Exercise XII T. 
 
 \ Subject 
 
 \ special-ly 
 
 O speak (3) 
 Signify-ed(l) 
 Mgnifican^g 
 
 C Those (i) 
 (o this 
 
 C these.thus 
 
 / this is ^-^^ 
 ^ themselves 
 
 (o Youths (3) 
 
 "N yours 
 vourself 
 
 ^L. 
 
 V 
 
 J ' ^ } (, ^^-^ 
 
 ^7 
 
 v 
 
 O ^J<> ^ < ' -\ 1^'^? 
 
 r . . I <;.° ( ) I /- ----( / " I 
 
 iZ^ 
 
 r I A 
 
 .^jt 
 
 
 f c c ^ 
 
 ji. 
 
 
VompJete Manual of Phonography. 27 
 
 Exercise XIII. — Con. 
 
 ^r \ 1 ^ 
 
 X. 
 
 ^ v^ — 
 
 nix 
 
 ^x^ 7 — \ -^ -. ^ — \^x 
 
 Exercise XIV . 
 He says he is-his own master. Money is the 
 cause of the loss of many souls. Cease to do 
 wrong, seek to do what is right. He says he can 
 see several of them, -because they have to pass his 
 way as they go to the city. If I ask you to fol- 
 low your studies, it is because you mil have to 
 use them in this office some day. Let this be 
 your masterpiece, and many will testify as to its 
 excellence. You should always do the best you 
 can by yourself. The Saviour helps those who 
 help themselves. If we do the best we can our- 
 selves, we most usually succeed. This-is the best 
 way to follow. It may seem useless at first, but 
 it is impossible to influence those who should be 
 influenced by us, unless we speak to them in a 
 significant way, which will signify to them we 
 have a special, rehgious feeling and a desire to 
 help him to improve himself, as you have im- 
 proved yourself and I myself when we were 
 youths, as-is the case wdth him now. Take heed 
 to do all you have to do as soon as you can. I 
 have now to leave you. I will write soon. 
 
28 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 When to Use Stroke S and ST Loop. 
 
 25. As thej circle or loop is always read first 
 at^the beginning of a word and last at the end of 
 a word, it follows that if a vowel precedes S at 
 the beginning or follows S or T at the end of a 
 word, we cannot write the circle or loop, and must 
 therefore write the stroke S or T. We have four 
 rules for writing the strokes ; viz.: 
 
 I St. When S is the only consonant in a word, 
 or when a word begins with a vowxl immediately 
 followed by S, or in derivatives, the stroke S must 
 be written : 
 
 )• •)- u y\ io t^. 
 
 Essay, ask, assume, asleep, essence, saw-mill. 
 2d. When a word begins with S Jollowed by 
 two vowels'or S, the'stroke must be]Jwritten : r 
 
 l~^ j-O <)cjj ofv J, <^ tC 
 
 Siam, science, season, saucer, cease, sauciness. 
 3d. When a word ends with S, preceded by 
 two vowels, the stroke rfiust be written : 
 
 f 1>1. -^ /^V^ -^> 
 
 Joyous, tortuous, curious, laborious, courageous. 
 4th. When a word ends with a vowel im- 
 mediately preceded by S or T, the stroke must be 
 written : 
 
 ^y) /-\ VO. _X) ^ ^ n X 
 
 Mercy, Lucy, pursue, curacy, rust, rusty, misty. 
 The stroke Z must be used in all words begin- 
 ning with Z ; thus, in such words as Zero, zigzag, 
 zeal, Zion, etc., the stroke Z is written. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 29 
 
 EXERCISE XV. 
 
 ^--a- 
 
 s C^. 
 
 y- .\>- r\ .^ r 
 
 ^ 
 
 21. 
 
 ^/^ ^ - ■ L. ^ ^ -y 
 
 X. 
 
 /\ /^ 9-\ 
 
 n ( ^ \ 
 
 % 
 
 
 ^ / <l 
 
 7^ 
 
 l^_X 
 
 LJ^ 
 
 ^r-^ 
 
 U 
 
 X g-^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 *-^ 
 
 y^ f \ /^/^ « ir~i M .^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 V,r^:^^^ 
 
 V ■> ■ V ' ■ r. - 
 
 V - ^ - ; 
 
 ^^ei 
 
 ^ ^ X ( --(^-^ 
 
 jc:^ 
 
 V->. 
 
 i.-::^^ 
 
 
 .O) \ /I 
 
 ^ - 1 
 
 \ c^,. 
 
 -i=- 
 
 ^^ 
 
 o r^ 
 
 . ^ ^ . ^■. 
 
 <'^~X\ . 
 
 jLJlI 
 
 L- <- 
 
 ^ ^^ ^ 
 
 JL^ 
 
 -^ 
 
 L^ 
 
 <r~\ ^^-^ 
 
 1. .V ^ ^ I 
 
 jX 
 
 .*^vi 
 
 ;lX 
 
 I. 
 
 I - 1^ 
 
 (T^ 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ M C , I /° ^°( 
 
 £^ 
 
 S^ S 
 
 A. 
 
 VA \ . ^ ^ . ^ . 
 
 n ..^ 
 
 '^ ^ai'.'^m: 
 
30 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 LESSON 4. 
 INITIAL HOOKS. 
 
 26. A small hook prefixed to the right-hand 
 side of a straight down-stroke, on the upper side 
 of straight horizontals, adds L. 
 
 \ r \ f // ^ C-. 
 
 pi, tl, bl, dl, chl, jl, kl, gl, 
 
 27. A small hook prefixed to the left-hand 
 side of a straight down-stroke, on the under side 
 of straight horizontals, adds R. 
 
 ^ \ 1 1 ; ; 
 
 X 
 
 pr, br, tr, dr, chr, jr, kr, gr, 
 
 28. These hooked consonants are used in- 
 itially in words that contain no vowel, or an un- 
 accented vowel between the two consonants; 
 medially and finally, when they form a syllable, 
 as follows : 
 
 Play, pray, rider, labor, library, riderless. 
 
 29. These hooks may be" enlarged 'on"p, b, t, 
 d, ch, and j, for either L or R. Enlarge the R 
 hook to add L and the L hook to add R. The R 
 hook may be enlarged to add L to k and g. A 
 large hook on Ray, when it follows the circle S 
 or SES, adds L. 
 
 % 
 
 e.pX VJC?^^ 
 
 April, gambler, saddler, sincerely, necessarily. 
 30. When speaking of these double conso- 
 nants, give them their monosyllabic names; do 
 not call them p-1 and p-r, but pel, per, pier, prel, 
 etc. # Pronounce them as a single consonant or 
 syllable. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Hooked Logograms. 
 
 31 
 
 ^ Able 
 
 P at all (i) /j^ dear 
 
 1 Doctor (i) 
 
 (3 
 
 ^ Belie^ , 
 \ ve-d 
 
 :L_Call (i) 
 
 care 
 
 < Christian-it> 
 9 chair 
 / cheer (3) 
 
 \, deUver>'^ 
 
 ^^ Equal-ly 
 f Idle-y (i) 
 c«. Glory-fy-ed 
 <\ Liberal (i) 
 ^ larger (i) 
 
 / 
 
 1 During (3) <^ liberty (i) 
 
 (\ Member 
 ^ remember 
 
 \ Number(3) 
 
 (* Tell 
 [^ till (3) 
 T try (i) 
 7 truth 
 7 true (3) 
 q truly (3) 
 
 Exercise XVI. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^W 
 
 ^"--^ 
 
 \' A^^^'v^r ^--^rt 
 
 C V M, 
 
 2^ 
 
 w 
 
 \=' -^ I c . r u. -i\ 
 
 ^^i 
 
 e^ 
 
 V 
 
 ..a. 
 
 ? • >^^ 
 
 I o ^ ^ . } 
 
 '-x ^\ //.^ 
 
 g--irt 
 
 \ 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
32 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Exercise XVII. 
 
 Dear Sir,— As you are the principal doctor in 
 this place and a member of the Christian Church, 
 I will take care to tell you the truth, or what I 
 believe to be true. You may remember the 
 chair which you delivered to me during your 
 idle time last week, and said I should keep it till 
 you should call. I take the liberty to tell you I 
 will be equally liberal and have it delivered to 
 you, as I wish a larger number. We should be- 
 lieve in Christianity and glorify our Saviour at 
 all times. We should cheer up and have faith 
 in Him, and He will deliver us at the last day. 
 We hope to be able to call on you during the 
 month of August. Yours truly. 
 
 Initial Hooks Prefixed to Curves. 
 
 31. A small initial hook, written on the in- 
 side of all curved consonants, adds R, and a large 
 initial hook, written on the inside of all curves, 
 adds L. 
 
 ^ ^ ^ Q^ rr^ c:-\ <^ e^v 
 
 fr, fl, vr, vl, mr, ml, nr, nl. 
 
 32. The character "NG," according to the 
 foregoing rules, would represent ng-r, as in singer. 
 There are, however, so few words in which ng is 
 followed by R that this hooked outline is used 
 to represent the frequently occurring sounds of 
 ng-gr and ng-kr. The double consonant "MP," 
 when hooked initially, becomes mp-per, or 
 mb-ber : 
 
 Finger, banker, linger, tinker, hamper, slumber. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 33 
 
 INITIAL HOOKS. 
 33. The consonants R, RER, S, Z, are not 
 hooked to indicate the addition of L or R. The 
 signs, therefore, are used as extra forms for fr, fl, 
 etc., and when these consonants are hooked in- 
 itially, they become fr, vr, thr, THr, or fl, vl, thl, 
 ThI, and are appropriated as duplicate forms. 
 
 CNO c^^^ on CO o. 
 
 tr, vr. 
 
 fl. 
 
 vl, thr, THr, thl, ThI. 
 
 34. When a word contains no other conso- 
 nant than fr, vr, etc., and commences with a 
 vowel, write the left-hand or natural curve. 
 
 (a) When fr, thr, etc., commences a word, 
 use the right-hand curve; when joined to other 
 strokes, use that form which makes the" best 
 joining. The right-hand curves for fl, vl, and thl 
 are never used initially. Shi, when standing 
 alone, is always written down ; when joined to 
 other . strokes, it may be written either up or 
 down. 
 
 Hooked Logograms. 
 
 Assure (i) J<r^ More (i) 
 
 Q Either (3) 
 
 C every 
 
 ^ evil (3) 
 
 ^ For 
 
 <\ from 
 
 f\ However 
 ^ (3) 
 
 i— > Mr., mere 
 ^^ near 
 <^ nor (i) 
 •^ Offer (i) 
 C other 
 V. over (1) 
 
 Pleasure 
 
 ^^ Remark-ed 
 
 (I) 
 9 Share-d 
 
 ^ sure (3) 
 
 ■) The;; 
 
 •^ they are 
 
 through^-^"^ 
 ^ Very 
 
34 Complete Manual of Phonograph]/. 
 
 Note. — Write the following exercise several times 
 and then have it read to you, as fast as you can write it 
 neatly and accurately, until you can write it at the rate 
 of fifty words per minute. 
 
 Exercise XVIII. 
 Dear Grace, — Our uncle has an acre of apple 
 and plum trees on his farm, and he has promised 
 to take us over there as soon as he can. We are 
 free to gather a couple of measures of apples for 
 our brother, the preacher, but we will do wrong 
 if we break the branches, or throw sticks at them. 
 Flora and Lucy may gather a bushel for their 
 people. They are the daughters of our neighbor, 
 and they come to call on me every day or two. 
 They are very nice girls, and they have a brother, 
 who seems, from his language and his manners, 
 to be a boy of sense. I read in the paper to-day 
 of the trial of the gambler, which is to take place 
 in April. I think he is a cobbler, for he had an 
 awl, hammer, and last with him when they caught 
 him. I think he is a foreigner, because his 
 language is different to ours ; but I am unable to 
 tell what the difference is. They say he has im- 
 proved his time well during his term in jail, and 
 from what they all say, I think there is some room 
 for improvement, though I am no judge. How- 
 ever, I assure you he will have to improve his 
 ways if he wishes to come clear. I have now to 
 leave you. I will try and write to you soon. 
 Come and see me when you can. I hope you will 
 be able to come and take tea with us next Sunday. 
 If you will write me, I will answer the first idle 
 time I have. Please write and tell me whether 
 you will come on the cars or in a carriage. I 
 hope you will be with me soon. 
 Sincerely yours, 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 35 
 
 Upward and Downward R and L. 
 
 35. Two considerations determine whether 
 Ray or R should be written initially : the vowel 
 and the angle. INITIAL R is written UP if a 
 vowel follows, and down if a vowel precedes, un- 
 less it is followed by t, d, ch, j, th, kl, gl, or w, 
 when it is up, whether a vowel follows or not. 
 
 36. FINAL R, in short words, is written 
 down when it ends a word, and up if followed by 
 a vowel. When R is preceded by two down- 
 strokes, it is written up, to preserve the lineality 
 of writing. 
 
 37. INITIAL L is generally written up, but 
 when preceded by a vowel, and followed by a 
 horizontal not hooked initially, it is written down. 
 When L precedes sf, sv, sn, sng, it is always 
 written down, whether a vowel precedes or not. 
 
 38. FINAL L is generally written up, but 
 after f, v, sk, qu, and all straight up-strokes, it is 
 written down if no vowel follows, and up if a 
 vowel follows. After a straight down-stroke, L 
 is written down if two vowels come between. 
 After n, ns, ng, ngs, fs, vs, and ths, L is always 
 written down, whether a vowel follows or not. 
 In other cases, write that form which makes the 
 best joining or sharpest angle with the following 
 stroke. 
 
 39. The double consonants lr and rr are 
 written for the sound of ler and rer where the 
 final L or R would be used, and are always 
 written down. 
 
 room, arm, Mary, like, alike, nearer. 
 
36 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 EXERCISE XLX 
 
 -,-1 v ° • ^ '/■).-/ 
 
 '\ - ^ .1° \^, -^ /- ■ '^-y- 
 
 ^>^ v.- --- -f ■ °'.\r.p \ 
 
 / n ^ -> V I ^ ^ - ^ 
 
 .■■ >■ \.^ 
 
 ^ \ /.-•'•iT'V -/ C / 
 
 -v.l • ^ ^ -^ 
 
 .'V 
 
 ^X . / V -^ ^ ,^ -^ v^ 
 
 V / . ° ' o 1 V ■) o'-^'> 
 
 V . . ■ ^. - ■ ° .-^ ( V 
 
 -^v 
 
 ^^-^ . r ~i'^ 0(A^ 
 
 r Cf- ^ V- ^^ ^ ^ t. c .- *^n 
 
 
 "^L-^ 
 
 --/->->./^ -^r"^ 
 
 > V,.<L • >^ U ^ ) <^.-/9 
 
 ^ u --^ ,-^ ^^ \ ^ ^ , ^ V-. v^ 
 
 
Complete Manual of Plionography. 37 
 
 Circles and Loops Prefixed to an 
 Initial Hook. 
 
 40. S is prefixed to the pr series of straight 
 consonants by writing a small circle on the left- 
 hand side of the down-strokes, and on the under 
 side of the horizontals k and gay. 
 
 (a) S is prefixed to the pi series of straight 
 consonants, qu, gu, plr, prl, and all hooked curves, 
 by making the circle on the inside of the hook. 
 
 spray, straw, supply, Squire, saddler, sprawl. 
 
 41 . SW is prefixed to the pr series of straight 
 consonants by making a large circle on the left- 
 hand side of down-strokes, and on the under side 
 of the horizontals k and g; and the initial ST is 
 prefixed to the pr series of straight consonants 
 by making a loop on the left-hand side of the 
 down-strokes, and under the horizontals k and g. 
 
 ^ ^ .9 ''\ 
 
 sweeper, sweeter, switcher, stopper, swagger. 
 
 42. When one of the R or L hooked letters 
 follows the circle S in the middle of a word, the 
 hook must be shown : 
 
 .--^^^ k=o < i ^ lNa- ~U,>c 
 
 possible, disclose, rostrum, express, extricate. 
 
 43. When R follows S between two straight 
 letters running in the same direction, it is in- 
 dicated by writing the circle on the left side of the 
 down-strokes, and on the under side 6f k or g. 
 T-skr, D-skr, etc., is indicated by writing the cir- 
 cle on the right side of t or d, and under k or g 
 
 449592 
 
38 Vomplete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 prosper, corkscrew, destroy, tasker, disgrace. 
 Exercise XX. 
 
 _e^ 
 
 J^, . «^ ^^ S - -' T^ ' 
 
 r^ 
 
 .^ . ^^.-yir 
 
 ■^ ■ \ 
 
 Exercise XXI. 
 It is said it is no disgrace to-be poor, and I 
 say it is very disagreeable. The month of August 
 is usually extremely warm. There is nothing 
 which overthrows a strong head so quick as 
 whisky. Who said it was Judge Parker who re- 
 fused to listen to the plea of the prisoner? Civil- 
 ized people desire peaceful times, as war brings 
 misery, suffering, and distress. I hope you will 
 prosper in the express business. We may be able 
 to call on you in the spring or early summer. 
 He rode his bicycle on a' string, which was very 
 strange. If you mistrust him, you should go to 
 Mr. Baker and ask him of his honesty and in- 
 dustry. We think this-is all. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 39 
 
 VOCAIvIZATION. 
 
 44. In writing shorthand it is sometimes 
 necessary to insert an initial or final vowel, 
 especially in short words. Remember that the 
 long vowels are represented by heavy dots and 
 dashes, and the short vowels by light dots and 
 dashes ; the diphthongs by angular marks, and are 
 called first-, second,- and third-place vowels and 
 diphthongs. 
 
 45. All first-place vowels are written at the 
 beginning (close by the side of, but not touching) 
 the consonant. Second-place vowels are written 
 in the middle, and third-place vowels at the end 
 of the consonant. Vowels written on the left of 
 up or down-strokes and above horizontals are 
 read before the stroke, and when written on the 
 right of up or down-strokes and below horizontals, 
 they are read after the stroke. 
 
 -;v\\ ^— .^./ •/ n. 
 
 pa, pay, pea, up, egg, key, woe, each, age, lieu. 
 
 46. All first-place vowels, when they come 
 between two consonants, are written after the 
 first stroke ; all third-place vowels are written be- 
 fore the second stroke. Second-place long vow- 
 els are written after the first stroke, and second- 
 place short vowels are written before the second 
 stroke. 
 
 palm, bake, peck, rich, pack, time, cooky, March. 
 47. The short sound of i is the same as 
 final y. In writing vocalized shorthand all out- 
 lines may be written on the line, but it is advisable 
 to write all short words in their proper positions. 
 
40 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 READING Exercise in Vocaijzation. 
 
 
 . i> ^ • r u- > ix- 
 
 > 
 
 6. f-. ^') ^ ^^\ n ( r^—f 
 
 Vocalization of the PR and PL Series. 
 
 A Long dot-vowel may be expressed between 
 the stroke and the hook of the pr and pi series of 
 double consonants by writing a small circle be- 
 fore or above the consonant in the place of the 
 simple vowel. The Short dot-vowels are ex- 
 pressed by writing a small circle after or below 
 the consonant in the place of the- simple vowel. 
 
 The Dash-vowels are written through the 
 consonant in their proper positions; or, if an in- 
 itial or final circle or hook interferes, write the 
 vowel at the beginning or at the end of the out- 
 line. Note the following words : 
 
 Parlor, Germany, George, course, school, figures. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 41 
 
 LESSON 5. 
 
 Final N and F Hooks. 
 
 48. A small hook at the end of a consonant, 
 on the left side of straight down-strokes, on the 
 under side of horizontals and upstrokes, and on 
 the inside of all curved consonants, adds N. 
 
 .^ ^-. d^ -ra ^T^ cJ^ 
 
 ^^y,^. 
 
 pain, bone, hone, cone, main, shine, lean, noon. 
 
 49. A small hook at the end on the right side 
 of all straight down-strokes, above horizontals , 
 and the straight up-strokes, adds F or V. There 
 are no F or V hooks to curves. 
 
 \. \. ^-.^^^^^^ 
 
 puff, buff, chafe, cave, grove, hoof, rave, wave. 
 
 50. Each of these hooks may be used in the 
 middle of a word, when they make a good join- 
 ing, or sharp angle, with the following stroke. A 
 hook at the end of a word is always read last 
 (with the exception of circle s) ; therefore, when a 
 word ends with a vowel, preceded by n, f, or v, 
 the stroke must be written, and not the hook. 
 
 JLZJJ 
 
 finish, penny, driving, heavy, fancy, wavy, money. 
 
 51. Initial rn is written down when it is pre- 
 ceded by a vowel, and up when not preceded by 
 a vowel. Final rn is generally written up. 
 
 -\ . ^^ ^/^ '^^ ^^ -^\ 
 
 earning, raining, return, foreign, morning, com. 
 
42 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 EXERCISE xxu. 
 
 C\ -l^ C l,^ 1 ^ ^'^; 
 
 C5 
 
 K^ -^ ir ) . \. . ,y 1 ^ C 
 
 LX. 
 
 
 \^M .CI 
 
 V^ 
 
 zr 
 
 1^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 S^^^^J^^si^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^=H- 
 
 7 
 
 — 1 ^-1 -- 
 
 1^ 
 
 "^ ° ^ 
 
 P<-\ 
 
 ^^ c .\. .>rl- 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ ^ f^:r^ Q- 
 
 ^^^^ 
 
 
 Ui 
 
 a 
 
 - V" 
 
 V-c=) 
 
 ^ 
 
 q ^ 
 
 I .I'io ^ ^ Xcr M.c U 
 
 ^11. 
 
 '\y\ .-v- • 
 
 ^ <• 
 
 '^^ I) - 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 Vo 
 
 \y' ^ ,, , ,^^ < /" 
 
 > 
 
 
 ^ ^ I 
 
 T?::^ 
 
 -a. 
 
 \ 
 
 i^.^-=l-.^^4-^ 
 
 w. D.K..- 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 43 
 
 52. Shn, when standing alone, must always 
 be written down, and In, when standing alone, 
 must always be written up. Otherwise they are 
 liable to be misread : shn taken for shr and In for 
 wl. These forms are distinct when joined to 
 other consonants, and may be written either up 
 or down. 
 
 Exercise XXIII. 
 
 Last Saturday morning we got on the train at 
 nine o'clock, and our ride from town to the river, 
 though brief, was very enjoyable. There was 
 some rain in the early morning, which gave a 
 freshness to the green grass and trees. It was 
 only half past nine when we got to the river, so 
 we had time to catch some nice fish for dinner. 
 It was fine fun to dine on the grass in the valley 
 at the foot of the cliff. There was a very black 
 cloud came up all of a sudden, which caused us 
 to run to a cave in the cliff. While we were in 
 the cave we had a jolly time, for we had no fear 
 of the storm. If we go there again, we will take 
 care to keep near the cave in the cliff, so we can 
 take shelter, should there be a storm. On our 
 way back the train was delayed two or three 
 hours, and it was eleven o'clock when we got to 
 town and it was twelve ere we got to bed. Our 
 usual bedtime is nine, so we had to slumber an 
 hour or so longer the next morning. The cause 
 of the delay, as given by the train crew, was due 
 to a washout on the road some ten miles from 
 where we were fishing. 
 
 Note. — Do not pass over the foregoing exercise until 
 you can write it from dictation at the rate of fifty words 
 per minute, omitting all vowels and diphthongs, beintj 
 careful to write each word iu its proper position, neatly 
 and accurately. 
 
44 Complete Manual of Plionograpliy. 
 
 TioN AND TivE Hooks. 
 53. The termination -tion, -sion, -cian, -sian, 
 cion, etc., is represented by a large final hook, 
 written on the inside of all curves. When the 
 tion hook follows a simple straight stroke, it is 
 written on the opposite side to the last or ac- 
 cented vowel in the word. 
 
 ^ 
 
 > '^^ ^ '-^ \^ V:> 
 
 passion, option, auction, occasion, portion, fashion. 
 
 54. When -tion follows a straight stroke 
 which begins with a hook, circle, or loop, or 
 springs from a curve, the hook is written on the 
 opposite side to preserve the straightness of the 
 stroke. 
 
 ^ ^ i^ <s^ 'C^ , 
 
 section, Grecian, accretion, vocation, elocution. 
 
 55. After T, D, and J, not beginning with a 
 hook, circle, or loop, the -tion hook is written on 
 the right-hand side, irrespective of the vowels. 
 
 rotation, addition, magician, notation, erudition. 
 
 56. When -tion follows the circle S or XS, it is 
 represented by continuing the stroke on the other 
 side of the consonant and forming a small hook 
 on the opposite side. This back hook may be vo- 
 calized by writing a second-place vowel (when it 
 comes between the S and the -tion) on- the outside 
 of the hook, and a third-place vowel inside of the 
 hook. A first-place vowel never occurs between 
 S and the syllable tion. 
 
 'V, \, 
 
 opposition, possession, transition, relaxation. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 45 
 
 57. When two distinct vowels occur im- 
 niediately before -tion, write the sh and the n 
 hook in order to accommodate the vowels, if 
 necessary. 
 
 situation, extenuation, valuation, insinuation. 
 58. The termination -tive or -tively is ex- 
 pressed by making an elongated hook on the 
 right-hand side of straight down-strokes; on 
 either side of k and g. On t, d, and j, not begin- 
 ning with a circle, loop, or hook, -tive is written 
 on the left-hand side. This hook is also written 
 on the inside of all curves. 
 
 motive, native, elective, actively, relatively. 
 Circles Added to Final Hooks. 
 
 59. The circle or loop is added to n, at- 
 tached to a straight consonant, by writing the 
 circle or loop on the same side as the hook, and 
 thus turning the hook into a circle or loop. Ses is 
 added to the n hook in the same wav. 
 
 d- A I J >N ' ^. . 
 
 tenses, dances, danced, dance, punster, spinster. 
 
 60. The circle represents S only, between two 
 consonants forming an angle ; therefore, when ns 
 occurs in the middle of a word, both letters must 
 be shown; and, if a vowel follows n or st at the 
 end of a word, the stroke n or t must be written. 
 
 . ^^ ^ tfT^ ij> Ig* 
 
 ransom, lonesome, handsome, density, transitive. 
 
-i^ 
 
 46 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 6i. The -tion and -tive hooks may be used in 
 the middle of a word, when the following stroke 
 will make a good joining or sharp angle. 
 
 u- 1 -^ - . 
 
 Dictionary, activity, auctioneer, exceptional-ly. 
 
 62. The circle S is added to the n, -tion, and 
 -tive hooks following a curved stroke, and to the 
 -tion, -tive, and f or v hooks, after a straight 
 stroke, by making a small circle inside the hook. 
 
 ,^ v P vg^ (p ^L-JW 
 
 fines, nations, natives, drives, captives, puffs. 
 
 63. When ST follows the -tion hook, it is ex- 
 pressed by writing the stroke s one-half its usual 
 length, which may be written up or down. 
 
 -^. /\? • A.^ - ? . 
 
 excursionist, libera tionist, Salvationist, actionist. 
 
 64. In order to distinguish between the 
 sound of ns and nz after a curved consonant, the 
 stroke n must be used for the sound of ns, and the 
 hook for the sound of nz ; with the exception of L 
 when following another stroke, the hook is used 
 for the sound of either ns or nz. 
 
 vans, vance, means, mince, balance, Romans, fans. 
 
 65. The large circle SES and the loops ST 
 and STR cannot be written inside of the small n 
 or f hook; therefore, uses, nst, nstr, etc., follow- 
 ing a curved consonant, must be expressed by 
 writing the stroke n or f with the large circle ot 
 loop. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 47 
 
 EXERCISE XXIV. 
 
 
 
 ^^.-^^ 
 
 
 - ^^V'-^^/'-^/^p"'" "^\ 
 
 \ ^ ^ • V ..^ , ^. 
 
 ° c ° ■ _.-v^^^-^^ -> 
 
 ^.<i? 
 
 '~ ^ -,/ <f- o- V</1 
 
 k=^ 
 
 V 
 
 ^^=^4^^_^_^i_iJ^A^ 
 
 M,, '^ 
 
 .^;. -^ ( , -^T?_ C 
 
 ;r-^ - ^-^^ (T 
 
 
 ( ' - ^ "^ -^ 
 
 ^- •::^b ' -^ 
 
 .^ ^ 
 
 \^, , -^-, \.^\^..r ■ r- 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 -2> ^ 
 
 ^ ~~^ V v ^ c 6 
 
 
 (? N r-^ .- K ^r^ " ^ .^ , -' „ >^ 
 
 -^ ^^ — ^- W.D.X • 
 
\^ Above 
 advise 
 
 I, 
 
 L 
 
 advice 
 advises ^ v 
 advices '^ ' 
 advantage ■, 
 
 48 Complete Manual of Phonography 
 
 Finally Hooked Logograms. 
 
 J Doctrine(i) 
 
 ^^^ J done 
 
 J down (3) 
 
 ^ Even (3) 
 
 {^ allowance (.^) — :> Gave 
 
 r alone J general-ly 
 
 again, gain ^ generation 
 
 ^Ti atubition(i) — ^ gone (i) 
 
 J at once (i) \^ Happen(i) 
 
 \i approve-d(i) happiness(i) 
 
 \ Been ^ Heaven 
 
 \ bind (i) J Imagine(i) 
 
 \combine-d 
 bound (3) 
 
 \j before (3) 
 \ brief (3) 
 
 : — ^ Careful-ly 
 
 L Dif!icult-y 
 
 (3) 
 
 / imagina- 
 C tion (i) 
 
 ^— g> imposition 
 
 informa- 
 ^^ tion (i) 
 ^ Learn-ed 
 
 \^ Nation 
 
 None, 
 "^--^ known 
 
 ^ Often (i) ■ 
 
 y/^ our own(3) 
 
 ^^^ opinion (i) 
 
 I out of (3) 
 I Phonogra- 
 ^ phy 
 \j proof 
 
 \^ prove (3) 
 
 y Religion(3) 
 
 ^ Suggestive 
 
 (y suggestion 
 
 C Than (I) 
 
 C then. 
 
 \j truthful-ly 
 
 \ Upon 
 
 (^ Within (3) 
 c/^Win(3) 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 49 
 
 Exercise XXV. 
 
 The Spanish Revolution. 
 Prior to the year 1898 a large portion of the 
 population of Cuba was suffering from the opera- 
 tion of oppression and the exactions of the law. 
 The natives were under the jurisdiction and per- 
 secution of the nation of Spain. Commerce and 
 production being stationary, the natives wrote 
 petitions to the Queen for the reduction of the 
 violations and evasions and the abolition of un- 
 fair taxation. The refusal of the Queen to give 
 attention to their petitions caused grave commo- 
 tion and agitation, and a succession of sensational 
 actions followed. Passion and opposition drove 
 the natives to revolution; and, upon reflection, 
 we are forced to the admission of some justifica- 
 tion of their actions in the adoption of revolu- 
 tionary measures. In June, 1898, our Army was 
 taken to Cuba, and their participation in the 
 revulsion was the occasion of k new legislation, 
 which provides for the promotion of the natives, 
 whose motives were the restoration of peace and 
 the protection of their national organizations, 
 and which was followed by the annexation of 
 Cuba in 1 900. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 1 . By what sign is n added to the consonants? 
 
 2. To what consonants is the f or v hook added ? 
 
 3. How may a circle or loop be added to these 
 
 hooks after a straight letter? after a curve? 
 
 4. How is tion written after a straight letter not 
 
 beginning with a hook, circle, or loop? 
 
 5. How is tion represented after circle s or ns? 
 
 6. How is the termination tive represented ? 
 
 7. How is tion expressed when two vowels con:c 
 
 immediately before it? 
 
50 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 LESION 6. 
 The Halving Principle. 
 
 66. A single thin consonant standing alone, 
 and made one-half its usual length, indicates the 
 addition of t only. A shaded consonant standing 
 standing alone, when halved, expresses the addi- 
 tion of d only. When a vowel follows a half- 
 sized letter, it is read before t or d added by 
 halving— that is, the t or d added by halving is 
 read last, except the circle s or st loop, which is 
 always read last. 
 
 pate, dead, net, nets, mate, mates, pates, wits. 
 
 67. The four half-length curves mt, nt, It, and 
 rt are shaded for the addition of d. The two shaded 
 forms Id and rd are always written down, and are 
 only used when these two consonants immedi- 
 ately succeed each other. When a vowel comes 
 between those two consonants, the full outline 
 must be written. The two half-lengths md and 
 nd, shaded, may be used if a vowel does or does 
 not come between the two consonants. Ray, when 
 standing alone or with the circle s only added, 
 should never be halved for t ; but, when joined to 
 other strokes, it is distinct, and will not be mis- 
 taken for should. 
 
 ^g. 
 
 \r Vc- ^^ 
 
 made, aimed, send, needs, felt, failed, followed. 
 
 68. The four shaded curves mp, ng, ler, and 
 
 rer do not admit of being halved for t or d. Mp 
 
 and ng may be halved for t or d when hooked. 
 
 ^ ^ ^- ^- r^-. 
 
 angered, hampered, impend, slumbered, lingered. 
 
Complete Manual of Phondgravhy. 51 
 
 69. Either t or d may be added by halving: 
 In words of one syllable when the stroke ends 
 with a hook or with a circle formed on a hook, 
 (a) In words of more than one syllable when the 
 half-length consonant follows another stroke. 
 
 V \:> ^' c-i. V;> v^ vs ^ 
 
 paint, paved, credit, crowded, vent, find, faint. 
 
 70. When a half-length stroke ends with a 
 hook, the stroke is read first, then the hook, and 
 then what is added by halving, and then s or st, 
 if any. 
 
 71. Two half-length strokes, or two strokes 
 of unequal length, must not be joined unless there 
 is an angle between them, or one heavy and the 
 other Ught. 
 
 fact, cooked, looked, midnight, afford, minutes. 
 
 72. The past tense of verbs ending in t or d 
 is written by halving the last stroke. Verbs 
 written with a half-length, ending with an n 
 hook in the present tense, are written with the 
 stroke n in the past tense, unless the word begins 
 with an 1 hooked letter, when the hook must be 
 
 •used to preserve the straightness of the stroke. 
 
 V KA- %. '^. % y. 
 
 part, parted, print, printed, plant, planted. 
 
 73. In order to avoid long, perpendicular 
 outlines, write the half-length t or d at the side 
 of the straight down-stroke. The half-length 
 Way, after another stroke, is used as a con- 
 traction for "ward," and the half-length Yea 
 for "yard." 
 
 ■P., r, I; ^_ v^ . 
 
 situated, dreaded, dated,f forward,* brickyard 
 
52 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 EXEKCISK XXVI. 
 
 ( V 
 
 i^ 
 
 0_ -»■ \ \<^ ^ ^^ . / v^ .- 
 
 I - < . f . -.- ^< . ) f .1 
 
 i=£_^ 
 
 .^2l. 
 
 1. . ^ (, P ^ 
 
 .^ y^ ^ i r^^ 
 
 ^-Ar 
 
 Zl 
 
 1 
 
 V' ^ ^i'^ r^ C 
 
 i i "^ 
 
 V^ 
 
 
 v._9 
 
 '-' — r^r- 
 
 c/^ 
 
 i-iL 
 
 I u 
 
 ±_L 
 
 V- /-" V\ - )^-^: 
 
 ^^ r^ ) K^^> ^ ^^-^ 
 
 A. 
 
 -- ^ ■ " - ^ J ' ^ '^-i - 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 
 T 
 
 1^ p 
 
 X I ^ i. — , M .1 , ,^^f; 
 
 :k 
 
 \ 
 
 -^ A .r^ <L . . ^ \ ^ 
 
 '^ -x 
 
 
 M ^ ^ /^ 
 
 g ^ 
 
 ^\ , ..-^ y- 
 
 V ^^ ^ < • ^ 
 
 ■V 
 
 ^ 
 
 ' Vu W. p. K. ^^ 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Half-length Logograms. 
 
 53 
 
 \ 
 
 About (3) 
 
 — God (i) 
 
 ^ Sent 
 
 c— 
 
 (1) 
 according-to 
 
 gentleman 
 
 "^ (0 
 
 <Lj> send 
 
 — i 
 
 account 
 
 J gentlemen 
 
 J> short (i) 
 
 ^ 
 
 after (i) 
 
 — good 
 
 'X spirit 
 
 rxi 
 
 amount 
 
 c- guard (i) 
 
 CT— secret 
 
 ^ 
 
 art (i) 
 
 (T- great 
 
 C That(i) 
 
 
 able to 
 Building 
 Called (i) 
 
 c— gold 
 
 v^ Hand (i) 
 
 ( thought (i) 
 9 third 
 
 c- 
 
 c— 
 
 cared 
 cart (i) 
 
 "* happened 
 r Let 
 
 P till it, told 
 n toward, 
 ' trade 
 
 /" 
 
 child (i) 
 
 r %ht (i) 
 
 1 tried (i) 
 
 
 cold 
 could 
 
 cannot, / ,^ 
 kind ^'' 
 
 ^-^ May not 
 
 ^ met ^ ^ 
 ^-> meet-ing 
 
 Under, end 
 ^^ hundred (3) 
 c/* Want (i) 
 
 </* went, wind 
 
 t 
 
 Did 
 
 ^_^ Nature 
 
 i without 
 
 J 
 
 did not 
 
 s^ not (i) 
 
 Cy white i) 
 
 J 
 
 do not , ^ 
 had not ^^ 
 
 Opportu- 
 ^ nity 
 
 ■^ word 
 
 C— 
 
 Equalled 
 
 '\ Particular(r 
 
 ^ Yard (i) 
 
 ^ 
 
 Freight 
 fruit 
 
 C- Quite (i) 
 
 ^ yet 
 
54 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Exercise XXVII. 
 
 He says that he made these things and put 
 them in their places. It is quite hkely that he 
 went to work soon after the gentleman called. 
 The Lord is as good as He is great. If it were not 
 for his good nature, we would be inclined to let 
 the opportunity pass. It is of little use to ask 
 him what he will do. He has not been here since 
 Sunday. He may not pay the amount until it is 
 too late to be of benefit to you. They cared 
 not so much whether he went or stayed. Let 
 them go on with their work, arid do not tell them 
 what you thought about it. Let us, in the spirit 
 of truthfulness, be particular when we read from 
 the Word of God. That is what I told you to 
 do, and what I thought you did. We do not 
 think that it will be kind in him to act in 
 that way toward them. He did-not do those 
 things till-it was too late to-be of service to us. 
 We will not mind what he says, without he gives 
 better reasons than those he has given. We 
 might say that it has not been called for, and 
 will not be for some time. It is an ill wind 
 that blows nobody good. Kind acts are not 
 to-be forgotten. Great fish cannot be caught in 
 little ponds. Better go to bed without supper 
 than to rise in debt. 
 
 Looking up at the sky, upon a clear evening, 
 I have sometimes thought I could trace a re- 
 semblance between the stars and the words of 
 our language. The Pole Star, which is always in 
 sight when the night is free from clouds, I take as 
 the word THE, which, like the North Star, is al- 
 ways in sight when your writing is clear, it being, 
 of all known words, great or small, the most 
 frequently used. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 55 
 
 LESSON 7. 
 The Aspirate H. 
 
 74. H is represented four ways in Pho- 
 nography : 
 
 I St. By the alphabetic sign, written up or 
 down, which may be used before all the strokes, 
 except S, M, upward L, downward R, MP, and 
 RER; and may be written before L and R, when 
 the L or R is followed by a Vowel. --. 
 
 2d. By a "Tick," prefixed to the consonants 
 S, M, upward L, downward R, K, G, MP, RER, 
 and sometimes to Pr, Br, Tnr. The tick H is 
 always read first, and is never written medially 
 or finally. 
 
 •{. ^' i^ '^ -2^ ^^ J A'JS 
 
 hiss, him> hill, hack, hog, hemp, hearer, Hebrew. 
 
 3d. By a dot before a vowel, but the vowel 
 before which the dot is written must be followed 
 by a consonant — that is, the dot H cannot be 
 written before a final vowel. The dot H is only 
 used in words where it mav be safely omitted, 
 and the outline used as a logogram. 
 
 •V V V-^ "^ v ^ 
 
 half, uphill, blockhead, manhood, happily, handy. 
 4th. When stroke H follows another conso- 
 nant it may be written either up or down, and 
 must be so joined that the up-stroke will not 
 be read sr, or the down stroke sch. When H fol- 
 lows the circle S, it is indicated by making a large 
 circle at the junction of the two strokes. 
 
 behave, Mahew, outhouse, unhitch, dishearten. 
 
56 Complete Manual of PJi^onograpJiy. 
 
 BXEBCISE XXVin. 
 
 ^.■, » s 
 
 /^r^ — r ^^ ^ - 
 
 i^ 
 
 ^-1 
 
 ^ I 
 
 ^- ^ ^ c . r . . . n 
 
 ^^ ^ ' L_ g 
 
 ^^ \ V> > 1 c r 'Tl 
 
 ' ^^ ^ .v^ 
 
 -^^^ 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^^. ^ ^^ 
 
 V 
 
 X 
 
 <-• f > 
 
 .-^ 
 
 '^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 .^ i^^L. 
 
 C -^ Ir.-X 
 
 ■^,,--:^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 '.'::^--4- 
 
 V 
 
 » — 
 
 ) ' /.^ 
 
 _U 
 
 I ./CI- 
 
 
 c v 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ O '^, / \ ^ U ^ 
 
 X^^.^^^-^n ^ 
 
 UX 
 
 
 iF^ 
 
 ^-^ 
 
 
 -^ 
 
 V 
 
 w.o.^. 
 
 < — 
 
 d^. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 57 
 
 Exercise X^IX. 
 
 1. Hannah, heavy, hush, hatch, hung, hang, 
 hop. Hindoo, hide, heed, hamper, hazel, had- 
 dock, hero. Harry, ahead, haggle, hardy, ham- 
 mer, hobble, hot. Hustle, husk, hearth, hurry. 
 
 2. Hymen, hymn, homily, hump, horror,- 
 hilarity. Horn, hazy, hirer, hull, here, horse, 
 hemp, hurl. Hague, hackney, wholesale, hoax. 
 
 3. Heaven, happy, uphill, happiness, appre- 
 hend. Handy, perhaps, manhood, blockhead. 
 
 4. Sahara, cohere, warehouse, cohesion, be- 
 hind. Behave, upheave, overhaul, rehearse, cof- 
 feehouse. Nahash, Jehovah, adhesive, outhouse. 
 
 In the Indian Territory there is a little town 
 by the name of Hugo, and the people there are 
 far from being unhealthy. These honest, homely 
 people, for the most part, make their living by 
 hunting and fishing. At one time there was a 
 hotel there, so I was told by Mr. Mahew, and the 
 name of the owner was Hogg ; and that he would 
 saddle his horse and ride up-hill to his warehouse 
 and rehearse his bill of fare. Now, in place of the 
 warehouse on the hill, there stands a coffeehouse^ 
 where you can spend a pleasant holiday, perhaps, 
 the whole year around. In the summer you may 
 hunt and fish; but you must take heed of the 
 hisses of the horrible reptiles that haunt the hills. 
 And in other seasons you can chase the hare with 
 hounds, or hunt the deer, which are very plentiful 
 there. Here are one hundred thousand acres of 
 good land that have not so much as been cleared 
 up, but have been kept for a hunting-ground, and 
 in which are many high hills and lovely valleys; 
 through which run numerous streams of pure, 
 clear water, out of w^hich may be caught the finest 
 fish of many kinds. 
 
58 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 DOUBIvE-IvENGTH PrINCIPIvE. 
 
 75. A curved consonant written twice its 
 usual length expresses the addition of tr, dr, thr, 
 THr, except h, when not hooked initially or 
 joined to another stroke, is lengthened to express 
 tr only, and where dr or THr follows L, the hooked 
 letter dr or THr should be written. 
 
 ^ /^ V .^ ^ n. 
 
 latter, letter, father, mother, ladder, leather. 
 
 76. When NG and MP are written twice 
 their usual length, they become ng-ger, ng-ker, 
 mp-per, mb-ber; but the hooked letters ngr and 
 mpr are more convenient for verbs, because they 
 can readily be halved for the past tense. 
 
 j6^ \ ^ r-" r ^ ^^ -Ar 
 
 chamber, temper, linger, lingered, cumber, cumbered. 
 
 77. A straight stroke ending with a hook or 
 following another consonant, when made twice its 
 usual length, adds tr or dr only. The length- 
 ening principle does not apply to an initial 
 straight stroke, unless it ends with a hook, or a 
 circle formed on a hook. It does not apply to 
 p, pr, etc. 
 
 \ \ .^ A I 
 
 planter, painter, encounter, pointer, tender, render. 
 
 78. When the present tense of a verb is writ- 
 ten with the double-length, write the past tense 
 with the half-length principle. 
 
 wonder, wondered,render, rendered,order, ordered. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 59 
 
 79. In a few common words it is allowable to 
 double a consonant to express the syllable -ture. 
 
 future, picture, venture, rapture, signature.feature. 
 
 80. When a word ends with a vowel pre- 
 ceded by tr, fr, thr, THr, these consonants must 
 be written, and not indicated by doubling. The 
 circle S at the end of a double-length stroke is 
 always read last. 
 
 ^ 
 
 % 
 
 g~i-^ 
 
 3x 
 
 hr 
 
 flatter, flattery, sunder, sundry, feather, feathery. 
 
 Double-Length Logograms. 
 
 Another. ^ 
 
 in the 
 
 re 
 
 Enter 
 
 neither 
 
 '^ Further (3) 
 
 from the 
 
 '-N. Order (i) 
 /? Render 
 
 '^ There-, , 
 J fr.^^ (3) 
 
 fore 
 
 Wander(i) 
 
 ^/^Wonder-ful 
 
 y' winter (3)- 
 writer 
 y^ rather 
 
 ^ 
 
 Yonder (i) 
 
 Note. — Read the following exercise over several 
 times, until you can read it just like print and then 
 have it read to you, and you write it as rapidly as pos- 
 sible, but neatly and accurately, and in the proper posi- 
 tions. Do not sacrifice accuracy for speed. Keep your 
 outlines near the line and well spaced. Crowded writing 
 is hard to read. 
 
60 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 '^^^ ''■ 
 
 EXEBCISE XXX. 
 
 -i-A. 
 
 J-^ 
 
 jL_L 
 
 ^ 
 
 L. 
 
 6- 
 
 / ^ Jr-P^ 
 
 > S. • 
 
 ^r ' -- V. 
 
 :^ 
 
 I- I ^^ -N ^ 
 
 > r — is-2. 
 
 \j. 
 
 \^ 
 
 ~^,-^ • -, c c I 
 
 <^^ r - 1 ^ ^ ^^ 
 
 ^ - / ^^ 
 
 > /'z Vq ^ ^ I 
 
 <v^ 
 
 t;^ 
 
 X 
 
 Xr 
 
 "^ «-^.. 
 
 ^ -^ 
 
 \v^ 
 
 ^^^. 
 
 ^ 
 
 V 
 
 ^ "^ -• ^ --^ 
 
 A^ 
 
 i£L 
 
 ^■X^'rX 
 
 ^ 
 
 i^ 
 
 IX. 
 
 c - 
 
 ^^, /^ 
 
 i. 
 
 V [ _n> I P I ) <) ^-^ ^^ 
 
 ^^.\^ -- N^ r^, - . r ^ ^ 
 
 -^^ V ^^ V, . -^ . r ' " ■ — ^ 
 
 ■^ 
 
 ^^v^-^ 
 
 \ \ / A 
 
 U ^ .( ^ . ^ , ( 
 
 ^ 
 
 W- . Uv.^ ,/( _c '-^> 
 
 ^-'^-M-/-. 
 
 yi 
 
 r^— ^ 
 
 W-D^K. ^ 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 61 
 
 ■Exercise XXXI. 
 
 Anger, angered, drinker, drunkard, Anderson, 
 December, Typewriter, September, diameter, 
 umber. Surrender, surrendered, material, tem- 
 per, lumber. Slander, swifter, order, ordered, 
 tender, center. 
 
 A boy gets mad at what his mother says, and 
 mutters to himself about it. He put a stamp on 
 his letter and gave it to the mail-carrier. He is a 
 very ambitious man, and should become a sen- 
 ator. All children should obey their father and 
 mother. They will anchor the ships in the harbor 
 near one another; neither will they let them get 
 marred in their swaying to and fro. On April 8th 
 we wrote you in regard to the matter referred to 
 in your letter of March 15th. It is a well-known 
 saying that murder will come out in time. The 
 reporter will call on the senator, and render his 
 bill for services rendered. They gave him oysters 
 and crackers, and told him to eat heartily. The 
 writer will mail the letters on Monday next. The 
 entire matter will come up at the next session of 
 the Council. No person can tell us whether they 
 will go away or stay the remainder of the month. 
 He was in-their place of business the other day, 
 but neither of them were there, so he received no 
 orders for future delivery. Another party will 
 call on them in a day or two and get the orders. 
 We wish you would put your signature on all let- 
 ters addressed to us in the future, as we encounter 
 much difhculty from-their not being signed. 
 
62 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 LESSON 8. 
 
 The Prefixes. 
 
 8i. The prefix con or com is expressed by 
 writing a light dot at the beginning of a word. 
 
 \. J- "^" '? V . 
 
 complete, content, comply, consider, composition. 
 82. When preceded by a consonant, either in 
 the same or preceding word, con, com, cog, coun, 
 or cum, is indicated by writing the syllable or 
 word that follows, close to or under, the conso- 
 nant or word that precedes. 
 
 f 
 
 '^^^ 
 
 reconsider,uncommon,recognize, just-commenced. 
 83. Accom or accum is expressed by writing 
 a light dash above the following syllable. . 
 
 ^ 
 
 I L 
 
 accomplish, accompany, accommodate, accommodation. 
 
 84. Inter, intro, enter, is expressed by a half- 
 length N disjoined, or it may be joined, when con- 
 venient, to the following stroke. 
 
 internal, introduction, enterprise, interrogate. 
 
 85. Magni, magna, is expressed by writing 
 a disjoined M before or above the following 
 syllable. 
 
 "^ V. V^ 
 
 magnanimous, magnify, magnitude, magnificence 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 63 
 
 86. The prefix "self" may be expressed by 
 writing a small circle before a word, or it may 
 sometimes be joined to the following stroke. It 
 may also be disjoined at the beginning of a stroke 
 to express the syllable con or com between them. 
 
 o o 
 
 .cr~\ 
 
 self-same, selfish, self-control, self-composed 
 
 87. The prefix "in," before spr, skr, str, si, 
 and h, may be expressed by writing a small back 
 hook on the opposite side of the stroke to that of 
 the circle. 
 
 inspire, inscribe, instruct, insolvent, inhabit. 
 Exercise XXXII. 
 
 
 .c^ 
 
 
64 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Exercise XXXIII. 
 Contrive, constrain, compose, comply, com- 
 plain. Complex, conform, comprise, condition, 
 compress. Conduce, discontent, inconvenient, 
 inconsiderate. Discompose, encounter, recom- 
 mended, recognizable. Recommend, circum- 
 stance, contribute, condensed. Will-commence, 
 accomplish, accomplice, accompany. Interfere, 
 introduction, intercessor, enterprise. Magnifi- 
 cent, magnitude, magniloquent, magnified. Self- 
 esteem, selfishness, self-respect, self-love. Inspi- 
 ration, inscription, instrument, insolvency. 
 Suffixes. 
 
 88. In addition to the stroke, ing is expressed " 
 by a light dot at the end of a word; after p, t, 
 ch, j, k, g, f, V, the downward r. It, and the circle 
 ns, the dot ing is the best. After all cur^^es 
 (except f, V, 1, and downward r) the circle s, b, 
 and the straight up-strokes, the stroke ing is the 
 most convenient. 
 
 .. fr\ ' [ \ V <^^ ^. l>x 
 
 hoping, eating, being, writing, having, doing. 
 
 89. -ings or -ingly is expressed by writing a 
 light dash at the end of a word, written at right 
 angle with the stroke; near to, but not touching. 
 
 <3-2 
 
 — ^J^ *<^ 
 
 paintings, exceedingly, surroundings, jestingly. 
 90. -ility, -ality, -arity, etc., is expressed by 
 disjoining the consonant that comes immediately 
 before -ility, -ality, -arity, etc. 
 
 liability, locality, majority, novelty, nobility. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 65 
 
 91. The phrase -ing-you, may be expressed 
 by U, written under or near to the preceding word. 
 
 -- 
 
 thanking you.asking you, trusting you, giving you. 
 
 92. -lyis expressed by disjoining 1 when it is 
 not convenient to join it. This suffix does not 
 interfere with -ility, -ahty, -arity, etc. 
 
 ^:^ S.- ^^ '-^ "^^ 
 
 friendly, confidently, instantly, greatly, freely. 
 
 It is sometimes easier to combine the 1 with 
 
 the preceding stroke by using the initial 1 hook. 
 
 93. The suffix -mental, -mentality, is ex- 
 pressed by disjoining ment. The half-length N 
 may be employed as a contraction for ment, after 
 n, the stroke n and circle s, or a final hook. 
 
 Vo. 
 
 r^ \^ 
 
 fundHinenlal. instrumentality, pavement, resentment. 
 
 94. ship is expressed by disjoining sh ; but 
 in most cases sh can be joined and express ship. 
 A disjoined fs is used for the suffix -fulness, and a 
 disjoined Is is used to express -lessness. 
 
 -^ — ^ K -^^ 
 
 friendship, scholarship, usefulness, carelessness. 
 
 95. Self and selves are expressed by dis- 
 joining the circle s and ses. In most cases, how- 
 ever, the circle may be joined and express self or 
 selves. 
 
 .J^ ^ ^ o ^^ 
 
 yourself, themselves, himself, ourselves, myself. 
 
66 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 ntL. 
 
 EXERCISE XXXIV. 
 
 ZL 
 
 ■ p ^ c F > 
 
 i 
 
 ^o ,\ 
 
 y^ . ^ ) l> ^ !^ V 
 
 S Q l^~\ Ti. 
 
 "^^ > ^^'^ ^>\ , - i). ri - 
 
 \r. . ^N - . V 
 
 o -^j U^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ ^^ — " "^z^'" ^ 
 
 .^ Q 
 
 im^ 
 
 W^.^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 7 /^. " \ / \ ^/ 
 
 -«— -^ ICS V— « ■-^>" 
 
 . V 
 
 ^ 
 
 Ar^ 
 
 7^ 
 
 L3 -.a:;^:'--^ X -^ . 
 
 
 if- 
 
 
 '■^) ^ 
 
 ■ "^ ^ ) ^ < L.j y 
 
 v^ 
 
 V- 
 
 
 T^ 
 
 1_=P 
 
 1_. "^ 
 
 i^ 
 
 Vy^"' 1 ^ ry''^ r. 
 
 (^ r? 
 
 li 
 
 c_ 
 
 
 L( i^ 
 
 V 
 
 
 1_Z. 
 
 .12. 
 
 :?^ 
 
 f^ 
 
 
 X 
 
 /^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 U 
 
 .^^ — ^£*=- 
 
 L ^ 0\C 
 
 W.U.k'. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 67 
 
 Exercise XXXV. 
 
 Weeping, hoping, eating, having, riding, 
 doing. 
 
 Thawing, missing, adding, terrifying, thiev- 
 ing. 
 
 Following, accounting, reading, writing, 
 being. 
 
 4. Boring, knowingly, longings, doings, turn- 
 
 ings. 
 
 5. Barbarity, peculiarity, brutality, singularity. 
 
 6. Announcement, rudimental, hardship, lead- 
 ership. 
 
 Heavenly, instantly, sternly, vainly, friendly. 
 
 Oneself, yourself, herself, myself, themselves. 
 
 It is said the art of dancing is of great an- 
 tiquity, and that men and women have accus- 
 tomed themselves to dancing from the earliest 
 dawn of history. The art is customary among 
 those who are in the lowest depths of barbarity; 
 and with the majority of savages dancing has 
 more popularity than with the civilized races. 
 With such people dancing is not associated with 
 juvenility or gentility, but is a part of their na- 
 tional life. It has a sacramental applicability, 
 and then the rejoicing over some victory is shown 
 in the turnings and windings of the national 
 dance. Among those tribes noted for barbarity, 
 brutality, and recklessness, the dance is the 
 heralding of resentment and the commencement 
 of fighting. The carelessness or the carefulness 
 of the people can only decide how long dancing 
 will hold its place before some other achievements 
 are instrumental in winning fame and taking the 
 place of dancing. 
 
68 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 LESSON 9. 
 CONTRACTIONS. 
 
 96. In order to give more facile outlines, cer- 
 tain medial consonants are omitted. In some 
 words of this class, letters which find a place in 
 the ordinary spelling are silent, and are there- 
 fore not represented in Phonography: 
 
 I P may be omitted between m and t, or m 
 and sh : S^ " " 
 
 pumped, bumped, tramped, redemption, assumption. 
 T may be omitted between s and another con- 
 sonant; K or G between ng and t, or ng and sh : 
 
 postage, mostly, post-office, distinct, distinguish. 
 
 97. Certain words of frequent occurrence are 
 contracted by the omission of a portion of the 
 outline : 
 
 (a) By employing the first two or three strokes 
 of the outline only. 
 
 (6) In most words ending in action, ection, 
 etc., K may be omitted with perfect safety. 
 
 (c) The N hook may be attached to words 
 where practicable as a contraction for then or 
 than, following another word : 
 
 expect-ed, passenger, was then, rather than, etc. 
 
 Note. — Write each outline of the following list ten 
 limes, naming them as you write them ; thus, k-n-j 
 acknowledge, all-g altogether, n-ng anything. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonograpliy. 69 
 
 Contractions. 
 (Words marked * are written above the line.) 
 Acknowledge-ed 
 altogether* 
 
 '^.../Sm/ anything* 
 
 I I architect-ure-al 
 
 \| . Better than 
 
 ~X Catholic 
 c character* 
 
 r — Q— characteristic* 
 
 \ 
 
 Danger 
 
 dangerous 
 
 destruction 
 
 difficulty (3) 
 disinterested-ness 
 district 
 V-jr-^ domestic 
 <-/ Essential-ly 
 "y^ enlarge-d 
 
 especial-ly 
 
 I 
 
 ^ stablish-ed-ment 
 "x expect-ed 
 V^— N Familiar-ity 
 
 Govern-ed-ment 
 
 /-N Immediate 
 rV^ immediately 
 /^ impossible* 
 '""^ impracticable* 
 '^ improbab!j^.^y 
 TT inconsistent 
 y inconsistency 
 ^-<y influential* 
 [j instruction 
 ] ^ interest-ed 
 
 u— irregular-ity 
 — s«^ Kingdom* 
 ^~^ knowledge 
 
 »-- N- Magazine 
 
70 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Contractions. 
 
 ''^^Manuscript 
 ^y messenger 
 .-jf—^ mistake-en* 
 '^"^ manufacture-d 
 c~N— mortgage* 
 
 ■'^ mathematical ian 
 
 y Natural-ly 
 v»-< — iieglect-ed* 
 ^'~'\^ November, never 
 
 ^^ nevertheless 
 v_/v.^ nothing 
 
 ^-|^ notwithstanding 
 
 \ Object-ed 
 
 \ objection 
 \/^ Parliament-ary* 
 
 \ peculiar-ly-ity 
 
 \/\^ perform-ed 
 \/\^ performance 
 \^^ phonographer 
 
 ^ Plaintiff 
 
 \ profession -al 
 Vj — phonographic 
 
 practice-d-al-ly 
 practicab-le-ility 
 
 \^ le 
 
 \ probab, ^-ility 
 
 Xpubl-ic-ish-ed 
 
 \ publication 
 
 ^ prospect-ed 
 y\_ Reverend, re veniie 
 y^ rather than* 
 
 y\^ reform -ed 
 
 / regular-ly-ity 
 '^~\ remarkab-le-ly 
 y\ represent-ed 
 y\^ representation 
 y\x representative 
 
 /A. republic 
 y^ restricted 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 71 
 
 Contractions. 
 
 ^X^ Relinquished 
 y\^ reformation 
 ^J^ responsib-le-ility 
 resurrection 
 
 y\. republican 
 /\ respect-ed 
 p^ Satisfactory 
 ^ satisfaction 
 5~.^_^_^ something 
 ^ stranger 
 J suspect-ed 
 \ — subscrib-ed 
 ^ -s superscription 
 c\ surprise* 
 
 singular-ly-ity 
 
 V) substituted 
 ^Jy suflicien-t-ly-cy 
 
 ^;_^ September 
 n signification* 
 
 ^~\ Sensib-le-y-ility 
 U^ Temperance 
 (J^ thankful-ly* 
 
 ' v ■ together 
 6 — \ transcript 
 k transfer-red 
 j— b transcription 
 J — c transgress-ed 
 
 2 transcribe-d 
 
 ^,^^_^,^uijanimity 
 C unanimous 
 
 ^ understand 
 
 ^ understood 
 
 *^-^~\ unexpected 
 y>-^%i^uniformity 
 
 "--£/ unsatisfactory 
 ^^ unselfish 
 ^ Whatever 
 
 ^ whenever 
 j <n Yesterday 
 
72 Complete Manual of Plionograph/. 
 
 EXERCISE XXXVI 
 
 ^ 
 
 2j^ 
 
 ) -^ v<- /^, 
 
 
 ji 
 
 L^ yy^, . \ 
 
 ±. 
 
 "-A r V t. -^ "^ -^ s — 
 
 \ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 2f_ 
 
 /^ • 
 
 ( V I 
 
 ^ 
 
 y" \y^^\r 
 
 
 ^ >J ;'^ >•-] ' K 
 
 .i_L 
 
 \ 
 
 
 V 
 
 ^'-t^ 
 
 o ^ V^ V^ 
 
 ^<^ -v 
 
 v_^ 
 
 A. 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 Vj 
 
 JS- 
 
 ^ 
 
 v^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^•^f>-^~>,'^( \ /^-^^ 
 
 -^ 
 
 -V ) -t -'^. 
 
 V 
 
 r^ 
 
 ■.» >^ \ a it 
 
 ■I '^ ) \ 
 
 sA^^ ''"^ - ^Ui-^j.6, 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 73 
 
 EXERCISE XXXVl. (Con.) 
 
 ^ 
 
 '*='"' — ^ ' > 
 
 ?^ 
 
 ,^ s ^ ^ D "W ^ 
 
 -^ J 1^ 
 
 /.^'^ 
 
 V 
 
 _! 
 
 '^j) 
 
 f^^ 
 
 m 
 
 \ p 
 
 ih^^ 
 
 JSL*-J- 
 
 v^ 
 
 -V 
 
 ( ^ • ^ 
 
 -U-i 
 
 r^ 
 
 ^. / "-^ 
 
 ■\ 
 
 V- 
 
 <:r^ 
 
 
 ^-^,) ^s-^ 
 
 L,'^') 
 
 ^ J\ t --^->^n'-\/-_Jj/\^ 
 
 ^ --^ 
 
 "V^ ) '^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■ ^v-. •) jr 
 
 n. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^-^-^^^ ^ . -X.. c^o o ^, /-V^ \ 
 
 ?^^^ ( 
 
 c. 
 
 JCZX 
 
 rii- 
 
 ^P ^ vX/V 
 
 
 « :> 
 
 A. 
 
 ' ^ ' 
 
 C 
 
 :^ > ^ " 
 
 I ) ^ ) 
 
 '-^■^ 
 
 i^ 
 
 n^^ 
 
 X 
 
 V 1 ),. V ^3 ) 
 
 V. \ • -^ ^ ^^ 
 
 ^^g^ \ 
 
 ">> 
 
 ^-^ 
 
 
 V^f 
 
 ^^ 
 
 . f ^ -^ ) > - ^^ - 
 
 k_ 
 
 -u::! 
 
 A- 
 
 
74 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Exercise XXXVII. 
 
 My dear John, — I went with a r-r of articles 
 on pr-k matter for a m-g, p-b to furnish in-str-tion 
 in, and n-j of, miscellaneous topics, and he would 
 like to have you s-b-s-k to it. We visited sev- 
 eral places St-b and noted for their R-k-t beauty, 
 and paid particular attention to any p-k we 
 thought would be an b-j-tion to their position 
 with the beautiful. To nd-s-tnd the subject b-trn 
 before, we m-md-1 referred to some books in a p-b 
 library in the m-md locaHty, and found s-m-ng 
 S-p nt-s-t. Y-s-t, the gentleman with whom I 
 was staying, was asked n-k-s-p to attend a meeting 
 and to p-r-f his offices, and r-p the society he had 
 r-p for several years. Of course, I did not n-gl 
 the opportunity of hearing what I k-s-p to be a 
 good discourse on r-f. I looked upon the speak- 
 ers as of a r-p-bn turn of mind, and in favor of a 
 r-p-b. The whole thing passed off much b-trn I 
 had k-s-p, for which" I was th fl. My friend p-r-f 
 his tasks s-t-s-rl, and said that the great d-jr to 
 which we were all subject was the tendency to 
 tr-s-gr-s the laws. There was an y-n-n of 
 opinion that it was S-n to aim at the pr-k-bl. 
 Two or three of them went to the extremes, and 
 suggested m-pr-b things, but it was not the out- 
 come of d-s-nt-s-tt. He did not want the p-b to 
 m-s-k n-ng he had said or n-jd upon, for n-ng 
 was farther from him than to k-s-p mp-s or m- 
 pr-b things. It is d-jr-s to tr-s-fr our affections 
 to the gods of greed, and so let our sole b-j be the 
 p-r-fs of such acts as will St-b us in the true r-p- 
 tion of the sublime. '^ 
 
 Trusting to hear from you soon, I remain, 
 Sincerely yours, 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 75 
 
 LESSON lo. 
 Punctuation, Etc. 
 98. All stops are written in the usual way, 
 except the period, for which, as already explained, 
 a small cross is used. The hyphen is represented 
 by two small in'^lined dashes between the words. 
 The parentheses strokes are made a little longer 
 than a double-length upright consonant. The 
 dash is represented by a straight line, beginning 
 and ending with a small downward tick. The 
 note of interrogation and the exclamation point 
 are better represented by making a small cross 
 at the bottom, instead of the dot. 
 
 well-spoken, (confidentially) — Oh ! what is it ? 
 
 99. Emphasis is marked by drawing one or 
 more lines underneath the word or words ; a single 
 line under a single word must be made wave-like. 
 To indicate an initial capital, draw two short 
 dashes under the word. All initial capitals of 
 proper nouns should be written in shorthand, as 
 all the letters are represented, except C, Q, and 
 X. For C use the logogram S (3), for Q use the 
 Qu, and for X use the K and the circle S. 
 
 r^ <X o f'^A ) ' •' '^' ^ — £g_\-*^";x^ 
 
 Mr. W. M. Brown says: "The work must be done noic." 
 
 100. "Of the" may be indicated by writing 
 the words which they connect close to each 
 other, showing that one is "of the" other. This 
 will not be mistaken for con. When "of the" 
 is followed by con, the dot must be written. 
 
 ^^ 
 
 Plan of the work. Time of the trial. Will confer. 
 
76 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Phraseography. 
 
 In longhand] swift^ writers,^ join all the letters 
 in a word together, and sometimes write several 
 words without lifting the pen. In shorthand 
 also several words may be united, and gives great 
 assistance in following a rapid speaker. Words 
 that form a phrase and make a good joining may 
 be joined, and not be mistaken for a single word. 
 
 A logogram or phraseogram may be written 
 over or near to a word to express "con or com" 
 or "of the." "There or their" may be added to 
 a full-length logogram by making the stroke 
 double-length, and "own" by adding the N hook. 
 
 The first word in a phrase must occupy its 
 own position, but a logogram in the first position 
 may be made a little higher or lower, to suit the 
 position of the following word. Phrases should 
 never extend too far above or below the line, and 
 it is not advisable to join more than five or six 
 words together; while it is possible to join many 
 more, as in the following example : 
 
 l '-. o-^r-^ 
 
 It -is-not - necessary-that-you-should-do-like-this. 
 
 And - of - course - it - is - not - necessary- that-you- 
 should - phrase - in- this - way-if-you-should-want- 
 to-read^rapidly. 
 
 . It would be far better to make two out of the 
 first, and four or more out of the second, starting 
 anew after joining four or five words. 
 
 The following list will show how other phrases 
 may be formed ; but be conservative in phrasing. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Phraseograms. 
 
 77 
 
 M^ I have 
 ^ and it is 
 Q_i> as soon as 
 [^ as it should be 
 (5^ as well as 
 >^ o^for this reason 
 
 , V^~X he may be 
 
 I am 
 ^■^ I am not 
 nTX I will be 
 
 ^ I did not 
 
 v.,^1 have not 
 
 X I think, or thank 
 
 y 
 
 ^ I shall be glad 
 (^An this way 
 t^it will be 
 
 'A it should be 
 
 '-''^it must be 
 
 M it will do 
 
 n ot 
 
 course it is 
 
 /v should be 
 Ca/ that you are 
 
 A'""^ which you may 
 ly which you will 
 >-w we have been 
 fy — V you may 
 rv^^ you must 
 n^-o^^ you must not 
 n/^\ you will be 
 f/\f you will be well 
 r/^ you will do 
 f^ you are 
 f^ you are not 
 fy<-. you should not 
 fY^ you will not 
 
 o you can 
 
 /-u-j you cannot 
 r/\^ you will have 
 
78 Complete Manual of Phonoqrapliy' 
 
 EXERCISK WWII I 
 
 crd^. ^:, U . \^^ .^ (\> 
 
 L ^ ^ . -^ J ^' % ^ 
 
 e 
 
 V,^ ..^ -.o."-^/." A ^./^V 
 
 -!■>— 1I^,\A.,V 
 
 
 ^ -^"^ 
 
 \^ ( \ . ...--^^ . / r ^ ■ 
 
 ) ^ « V^ ^ ^ ^ I ' ^^ ;:g; 
 
 ^/^, f^~1 "-^,'s; - ^^ 
 
 v^),/' < (:^,^^^^.^^i. 
 
 ^V| M^^^^ , v-^-).^ 
 
 ^ ) U/ 1.1^ ^^-/^A 
 
 lA/.^DK 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 79 
 
 Exercise XXXIX. 
 
 (Words connected by a hyphen are to be joined.) 
 My-dear-Friend, — In-answering-your inquiry 
 (of the) 4, would-say that, when-it-coraes to-the 
 question of-phrasing, we-have-our-funny-men. 
 Mr. A. will-swear that-the practice is all-wrong, 
 that-he neither-phrases nor believes in-phrasing, 
 and Mr. B. will-swear that-phrasing is to-him 
 what leather-is to-the-maker-of shoes. The fun 
 of-it-is that Mr. A., who don't phrase, does phrase; 
 and Mr. B., who does, don't, to any-extent. Ex- 
 cept-as to-the swearing, it-will-not hurt-you a 
 bit to-copy after and-take sides with either, 
 when-the other-is around-the-corner. In-the- 
 same-way you-may-keep on-good-terms with 
 Mr. C, the man who-makes-small-notes, by hon- 
 estly declaring that Mr. D. must-use up (con) 
 siderable time in-getting to and-fro, and-wander- 
 ing up-and-down on-those iong-outlines of his; 
 and, at-the-same-time keep-smooth with Mr. C. 
 by asserting that the smaller-the notes-the 
 greater-the-care with-which they-must-be made; 
 and-that whatever-requires care, of-course, re- 
 quires time. Meantime, as regards your-own-notes, 
 " Keep in-the-middle of-the road," and you-will- 
 be very much-like-the boy whose-new clothes 
 were-such a neat-fit that-he could-not tell- 
 whether-they-were too large or too small. Try 
 to-strike-the happy-medium, and-the result can- 
 not but be-satisfactory, and with-which you- 
 cannot-but be-pleased. 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 
80 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 METHOD OF PRACTICE. 
 
 The student, having made himself famiUar 
 with the principles of the system as presented in 
 the preceding pages, should take every oppor- 
 tunity to practice writing; however, as much 
 time should be spent in reading as well as in 
 writing shorthand. In all your shorthand prac- 
 tice, make it an invariable rule to read everything 
 you write. 
 
 The following is a good method of practice: 
 Take a letter or composition of lOO or 125 words 
 and write it in shorthand, slowly and accurately, 
 and then transcribe it in longhand, or on a type- 
 writer, and then compare your transcript with 
 the printed key, correct all errors, and then write 
 it in shorthand several times, until you can write it 
 at the rate of 90 or 100 words per minute; then 
 take another letter and practice it the same way. 
 
 It must be remembered that the saving of 
 time and great ease in writing are not attained 
 by using hooked, grouped, or half-sized letters on 
 all possible occasions. A long and flowing out- 
 line is better than one that is short, but cramped, 
 with joinings that check the movement of the 
 hand. The rule for writing should be SHARP 
 ANGLES, FORWARD; and, if possible, avoid 
 cross-curves and obtuse angles, or joinings with 
 no angles at all. 
 
 In writing from rapid dictation, it is impos- 
 sible to insert many vowels; and the student, as 
 soon as he can write accurately, should accustom 
 himself to write only the consonants of words. 
 This will train the hand to reporting and ac- 
 custom him to read unvocalized writing. 
 
 Note. — Practice reading the following exercise until 
 you can read it just like print ; then you will be ready for 
 the theory examination. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 81 
 
 EXERCISE XL 
 Getting Up Speed. 
 
 ^ r ^ w, 1 ,.^..^ ^ ^ ^ v., 
 i=-"-|:^' <^ ^J*^-^ f "Lec- 
 
 
 ^ V/.D.K. 
 
82 Oomplete Manual of Plumography. 
 
 GettiDg Up Speed. 
 
 ^-O ^ \ 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 
 'N — % I 6 \— ^->. T ( 
 
 W.D.K. 
 
Complete Manual of PhoTwgraphy. 83 
 
 Getting Tip Speed. 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 A 
 
 
 
 L 
 
 C-O 
 
 -t? S^v J u,^ 
 
 v^j c-^ 
 
 U. l-^ ^ S s J S b «r-^ c-^ r--i 
 
 I 21 W.D.K. 
 
84 Complete Manual of Phonograpliy. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 85 
 
 '>. 
 
 i 
 
 Getting TJp Speed. 
 
 'Cf.) ^4 c/A 
 
 X ^- •• 
 
 I 
 
 ^ 
 
 c 
 
 
 "^ 
 
 "^ 
 
 
 ^/ 
 
 
 
 l_. ^i=-.v-^ 
 
 V_' 
 
 / ^ Ad V/.D.K. 
 
86 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Getting Up Speed.' 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 -\ I /C? 
 
 j~^^-'; 
 
 ,^-in^ 
 
 '^ 
 
 ( / ^N 
 
 V ( 
 
 f"^ 
 
 c^ 
 
 
 <L 
 
 <^ c 
 
 )^ 
 
 •\ 
 
 
 W.D.K 
 
Complete Manval of Phonography. 87 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 As this is distinctively a text-book on Short- 
 hand, we have omitted everything that does not 
 bear directly on the subject, either in learning 
 the principles, or the application of the same in 
 writing. The principles, if thoroughly under- 
 stood and put into sufficient practice, will enable 
 the writer to take down the exact words of the 
 fastest speaker. We have not presented in this 
 Manual instruction for the use of capital let- 
 ters, spelling, punctuation, paragraphing, etc., as 
 these are subjects with which the student is sup- 
 posed to be familiar. 
 
 The transcription of shorthand notes is usually 
 done on the typewriter, and the ability to do this 
 at the rate of thirty-five or forty words a minute, 
 correctly, is one of the necessary qualifications 
 of the amanuensis. 
 
 Every kind of business or profession has quite 
 a number of words and phrases peculiar to itself. 
 Outside of the range of these peculiar branches, 
 these words are seldom used. Hence, it is not 
 advisable for the student to spend too much time 
 in learning long lists of abbreviations, a large 
 number of which are only used in special branches 
 of business. The better way is for the student 
 to learn only the most common occurring words 
 and phrases. Then, when he has decided to 
 enter any particular branch of business, he will 
 find it an easy matter to contract the outlines of 
 the words and phrases peculiar to that profession. 
 
 Most reporters devise contractions for such 
 terms and expressions as are most commonly 
 used in their work, and find them very helpful in 
 expediting their work^ and in no way affecting 
 -he legibility of their notes. 
 
88 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 SPEED PRACTICE. 
 
 Presuming that the student has followed the 
 advice given on page 80, and is able to write 
 about sixty words per minute, he should now 
 commence the study and practice of the "Brief 
 Reporting" style of Phonography. A speed of 
 sixty words per minute may be attained by any 
 person of ordinary capacity by practicing an hour 
 or two each day. But to write at a rate neces- 
 sary for reporting requires a longer period of time 
 and the employment of additional principles of 
 abbreviation. 
 
 The secret of rapid writing consists of two 
 things: practice, and the ability to use judi- 
 cious abbreviations. Of these two essentials, the 
 greater is practice; by which alone, in the full 
 style of Phonography, one hundred to two hun- 
 dred words per minute may be legibly written. 
 
 Mere copying from books is worth but little 
 as reporting practice. The best practice is that 
 of writing from another's reading. An hour's 
 practice in this manner is worth more than several 
 hours' copying from books. 
 
 In choosing matter for dictation practice, a 
 book of commercial forms and business letters is 
 the best for the commercial correspondent; but 
 the embryo reporter should follow the dictation 
 of speeches, lectures, etc. In this way the be- 
 ginner will accustom himself to the language he 
 will have to write when he is professionally en- 
 gaged as reporter for the press or in the court. 
 
 When the student can follow a reader at from 
 ninety to one hundred words a minute, he may 
 attempt note-taking in public. Slow preachers 
 afford the best practice to the student. 
 
 Read and correct everything you write. 
 

 O O Nl F» 1^ E^ T E:^ 
 
 Manual of Phonography 
 
 PART II. 
 
 Containing the Brief Reporting 
 Style of 
 
 PHONOGI^APHY 
 
90 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 PART 11. 
 
 Writing in Position. 
 
 If the position of the word indicates the vowel, 
 or accented vowel of a word, it can easily be read. 
 Words that contain only one or two consonants 
 are usually written in position, as determined by 
 the accented vowel. (See page 20.) Position 
 need not be observed with respect to most words 
 containing three or more consonants. A word 
 formed by a horizontal and a down- or up-stroke 
 has its position determined by the down- or 
 up-stroke. 
 
 When a word begins with a horizontal fol- 
 lowed by a down-stroke, written in the first posi- 
 tion, the horizontal must be written a little 
 higher than usual ; and when in the third position, 
 it must be written a little lower, to accommodate 
 itself to the position of the following stroke. 
 Words beginning with a horizontal and followed 
 by an up-stroke, in the third position, the hori- 
 zontal is written below the line. Derivative 
 words must be written in the same place as their 
 primitives. Double-length perpendicular strokes 
 and straight sloping down-strokes take only the 
 second and third position: on and through the 
 line. A double-length horizontal follows the 
 above rule for position of horizontals. 
 
 These rules for position do not apply to words 
 having an outline of their own. A word having a 
 vowel before and after a single consonant, the 
 accented vowel should be inserted. A word be- 
 ginning or ending with an accented vowel, the in- 
 itial or final vowel should be inserted, except 
 final y, which is unnecessary to insert. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 91 
 
 RESUME OF THE LOGOGRAMS. 
 
 \ 
 
 L 
 
 / 
 
 
 A or an (i) 
 able 
 able to 
 about (3) 
 above 
 
 according-to 
 
 account 
 
 advantage 
 
 advise (i) 
 advises (i) 
 after (i) 
 ago(i) 
 
 again 
 ah (I) 
 all (i) 
 allow (3) 
 
 age 
 
 allowance (3) 
 alone 
 
 amount 
 ambition (i) 
 and (i) 
 'another (i) 
 any (i) 
 
 apply (i) 
 approve (i) 
 are 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 J 
 o 
 
 1 
 
 r 
 I 
 
 cJ 
 
 c/ 
 f 
 
 \ 
 
 o 
 
 \. 
 "J, 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 art(i) 
 as(i) 
 as has ( i ) 
 assure (i) 
 as is (i) 
 at (I) 
 at all (i) 
 at first (i) 
 at once ( i ) 
 
 away 
 awe (i) 
 aye, ay (i) 
 
 Be 
 because 
 
 cause 
 been 
 
 (3) 
 belief-ve-d 
 
 beyond (i) 
 before (3) 
 bind 
 combine-d(i) 
 
 bound (3) 
 brief (3) 
 
 build-ing 
 business (3) 
 but 
 by (i) 
 Call ( I) 
 called (i) 
 
 ; 
 
 L 
 J 
 T 
 3 
 J 
 J 
 1 
 
 can (i ) 
 
 cannot (i) 
 
 care 
 
 cared 
 
 careful-ly 
 
 cart (i) 
 
 chair 
 
 cheer (3) 
 
 child (i) 
 
 Christian- ity 
 
 (I) 
 cold 
 
 come 
 
 could 
 
 Dear 
 
 deliver-y-ed 
 did 
 
 did not 
 different-ce 
 do, day 
 dilficult-y(3) 
 do not (i) 
 Doctor (i) 
 doctrine (i) 
 done 
 down (3) 
 during (3) 
 
 (3) 
 
 / Each (3) 
 
92 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Resume of the Logograms. 
 
 ♦ Eh ? 
 
 s^ ^enter 
 
 C . equal-ly 
 
 r , equalled 
 
 Vi even (3) 
 
 v^ ever-y 
 
 ^ evil(i) 
 
 V_ Few (3) 
 
 first 
 
 V^for 
 
 ^ (0 
 
 fortune-ate 
 
 » freight 
 
 \ from 
 
 >^ from their-re 
 
 "\ further (3) 
 
 V_ future (3) 
 
 - 's Gave 
 
 general-ly 
 
 generation 
 
 gentleman( i ) 
 
 gentlemen 
 
 give-n 
 
 glory-fy-fied 
 
 go(i) 
 
 God(i) 
 
 gold 
 
 gone (i) 
 
 
 No/ 
 \ 
 
 o 
 
 
 1 
 '^ 
 
 '^ 
 o 
 O 
 
 o 
 <^ 
 
 y 
 
 / 
 
 Good 
 
 great 
 
 guard (i) 
 
 Had (i) 
 
 had not (i) 
 
 half, off 
 
 hand (i) 
 
 happy (1) 
 
 happen (i) 
 
 happened (1) 
 
 happiness (i) 
 
 has (i) 
 
 has his 
 
 have 
 
 he 
 
 Heaven 
 
 him 
 
 himself 
 
 his 
 
 his is 
 
 his has 
 
 holy 
 
 hope 
 
 hour, our (3) 
 
 house 
 
 how 
 
 However (3) 
 
 L 
 J 
 
 O 
 
 C 
 O 
 
 i 
 \ 
 
 / 
 
 L 
 
 VJ? 
 
 / 
 ? 
 
 <r 
 
 r 
 
 I,eye,high(i) 
 
 f 
 
 fit 
 
 mportant, X 
 
 ce^ ' 
 
 mpossible(i) 
 
 mprovements 
 tnagination(l) 
 magine (i) 
 n(i) 
 
 n thej.^^ (I) 
 
 nfiuence (i) 
 nfluenced(i) 
 
 s 
 
 s his 
 s as 
 
 t 
 
 tself (3) 
 Joy (I) 
 joyful-ly (i) 
 Know, no 
 known 
 Language (i) 
 large (i) 
 larger (i) 
 
 learn-ed 
 let 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 93 
 
 Resume of the Logograms. 
 
 r Light (I) 
 
 \ liberty (i) 
 ^Lord 
 ' law(i) 
 ^'"^ May 
 
 '^ may not 
 
 ^-^ me, my (i) 
 
 -—X meet-ing 
 
 \ member 
 
 C~N nere, Mr. 
 ^~^ met, might (I) 
 C~N more ( i ) 
 
 "■^ most (i) 
 ''-^ must 
 ^~^ myself (i) 
 
 / much (i) 
 'O Nation 
 
 v^ nature 
 
 C • near 
 
 ^^^ ^ neither 
 
 >_^ no, own 
 ^_j> none, known 
 
 "^^ nor(i) 
 ^ not(i) 
 ^ number-ed (3) 
 
 * O! oh: owe (1) 
 
 N of (I) 
 
 On(i) 
 one 
 
 often (i) 
 opinion (i) 
 opportunity 
 or (I) 
 order (i) 
 other 
 ought (i) 
 ourselves (3) 
 
 y^ our own (3) 
 out (3) 
 out of (3) 
 over ( I ) 
 owing (i) 
 Particular(i) 
 pay 
 
 \_j phonography 
 
 _y pleasure 
 \ princip^^j (3) 
 
 \j proof 
 
 \, prove-d (3) 
 
 put (3) 
 Quite (i) 
 Religion (3) 
 religious (3) 
 reraark-ed( i ) 
 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 J 
 
 CTs 
 
 yj^ Render 
 
 \ reraember-ed 
 ^^ Saviour 
 ) saw, sigh (i) 
 o — scripture 
 secret 
 see, use (3) 
 send 
 
 several-ly 
 Shalt (i) 
 shall, show 
 share 
 shirt-ing 
 short (i) 
 should 
 signify-ed 
 significance 
 so, us 
 somewhat 
 special-ly 
 speak (3) 
 spirit 
 strong (i) 
 strength 
 sure-ly (3) 
 (J suggestive 
 (J suggestion 
 1^ sent 
 
 ) 
 
 J 
 J 
 
 J? 
 
 ) 
 
 \ 
 
 1 
 1 
 
94 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Resume of the Logograms. 
 
 f Tell 
 
 1 Trade 
 
 ( t 
 
 .hank-ed (i) 
 
 q tried (i) 
 
 C 1 
 
 hat (i) 
 
 1 true (3) 
 
 9 ' 
 
 he ll they are 
 
 ] truth 
 
 
 the 
 
 'l truthful-ly 
 
 G ' 
 
 themselves 
 this is 
 thing 
 
 ,^_^ under, ^nd 
 \ up 
 
 T 
 
 think 
 
 \ upon 
 
 1 
 
 third 
 
 \ use,whose(3) 
 
 (o 
 
 this 
 
 J usual-ly 
 
 (o 
 
 those, , . 
 thyself <■'-' 
 though, thy (1) 
 
 ■^ Very, vary 
 
 c 
 
 ^ Wait, weight 
 
 ( 
 
 thought (l) 
 
 ^/Owander (i) 
 
 9 
 
 through (3) 
 three 
 
 ^ want (i) 
 
 r 
 
 till (3) 
 
 "\ was 
 
 r 
 
 till it 
 
 c/ '"'^^ 
 
 \ 
 
 to, too, two 
 
 C ^'"^ 
 
 
 
 throughout (3) 
 
 '''^ 
 
 \ 
 
 to be (3) 
 
 ^ went 
 
 r 
 
 told 
 
 ^ what(i) 
 
 n 
 
 toward 
 
 C. when 
 
 \ 
 
 therefore (3) 
 
 (^ whether 
 
 thee,thou (3) 
 
 / which 
 
 4 
 
 these,thus(3) 
 
 / which have 
 
 ( 
 
 them, they 
 
 (J" while (I) 
 
 <_X Whither (3) 
 C/ white (i) 
 
 / who 
 
 L who have 
 
 ^ why (i) 
 
 C ^111(3) 
 J//' winter (3) 
 
 _/ wish, she (3) 
 
 *- with (i) 
 
 (, within (3) 
 
 (^ without 
 
 j/' win (3) 
 
 "^ word 
 
 P would, wood 
 ^y^ wonder 
 
 y^ writer.rather 
 
 ^ Yard (i) 
 
 " <f^ ye 
 
 "^ year (3) 
 <? yes(i) 
 
 (^ ■ yet 
 o yo" 
 
 ^ young (3) 
 
 "^ your 
 (^ youth (3) 
 
Complete Manual of PhomMjraphy. 95 
 
 READING EXERCISE. 
 
 TEACHING AXD LEAKNlNr.". 
 
 a/^y?rM.l^- L c^'' rC \ c'^ C 
 
 cy^ n ' c- <^-^,,^ -^^ 
 
 Li o — 
 
 
 
 \ L, c^_. I C^ Ox r. O --^ / ^ 
 
 
 )^S3 ,.'^^^9\'^M.-t 
 
 ^ ^ ) '^ v> 1 <>-^ <^ '^ C ^^"^ ">> X. f^^ "n 
 
 ^ ' L ^ ^ ^ "^ rr-V- / <-:^ < r .. <? ^ 
 
 -^^ . C. > ^<L^ .^. ^( /-) 
 
 ^\)<^-t.<rj)rX^ . -^ 
 
 ^Vx^../H-V^>^^ "V 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ /M^-f .c. I'w (L^ ,. — ly^ 
 
 ^X ^^-^, ^^.^ ( > ,. V.C 
 
 -o. c .. ( V (; k^ . Y ^./ ^J^ 
 
 ■^v 
 
 v^. 
 
 
 -^, ^ C,>7 V^'Y 
 
 ^ '^ — N^ vO^^-"^^-_o ^<-. )\ 
 
 C.^ ^( ) \),c r^V ( , "P ,/ tiAX c^ 
 
 <^ ^ -^ — > '^ .A/ IS i> ^ 
 
 \ ^ ^ -^^ > '^>/v/.d :t^ 
 
96 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 WRITING EXERCISE. 
 Short Words vs. Long Words. 
 The use of long words, which we get from 
 other tongues, not only make our thoughts and 
 our speech dim and hazy, but it has done some- 
 what to harm the minds of our people. Crime 
 sometimes does not look like crime when it is 
 set before us in the many folds of a long word. 
 When a man steals and we call it "defalcation," 
 we are at a loss to know if it is a "blunder" or a 
 crime. If he does not tell the truth and we are 
 told that it is a case of "prevarication," it takes 
 us some time to know just what we should think 
 of it. Every one should think and speak of acts 
 in clear, crisp English terms. It may be said 
 that if we carry this thing too far, we may cramp 
 ourselves too much; that our language has been 
 made rich by what it has gained from others; 
 and that we ought not to give up the use of words 
 that we need to give shades of meaning. All 
 this is true, but still we should take care to make 
 our own language the basis of our thought and 
 speech. Many things are gained by doing so. 
 He who will try to use short words will, if he tries 
 to write in words of one syllable, find that he will 
 run through his mind many words to get those 
 he needs. While we may not at the time use 
 them, yet they are brought to our minds in our 
 search for those we want. When a man is in 
 search for one thing, he may be led to look in sev- 
 eral books, and thus he learns many things. In 
 this way we find that we bring to our minds a 
 great many new thoughts that would not be 
 likely to spring up in any other way. When we 
 write or speak, we should, as a rule, use the short 
 words which we learned in early life ; those which 
 have the same sense to all persons. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 97 
 
 Positive) and Negative Words. 
 
 Negatives of words that begin with 1, m, n, 
 are distinguished from the positives by repeating 
 the first consonant. Words commencing with r 
 follow the rule for upward and downward r, 
 without repeating the first consonant. In some 
 cases, however, this rule cannot be observed ; 
 then the consonant must be repeated. 
 
 legal 
 illegal 
 /^ legible 
 
 ' \ illegible 
 M^_— logical 
 fc-— illogical 
 
 material 
 
 immaterial 
 
 resolute 
 
 irresolute 
 
 resistible 
 
 irresistible 
 --^ refutable 
 N irrefutable 
 
 "v^ moral 
 ^— c~V^immoral 
 .--vr^ mortal 
 ^■^<~^ immortal 
 ^~^Qx^ noxious 
 ^"^■"07 innoxious 
 "^"-O^ necessary 
 V-/^.^unnecessary 
 ^^vi respective 
 
 > irrespective 
 relevant 
 ~\/ irrelevant 
 t> _ rational 
 
 \^ irrational 
 
98 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Writing Exercise. 
 
 Morality, or immorality, has been the sub- 
 ject of discussion, and the moral laws are thought 
 also by some to result from a natural sense. 
 They consider that we distinguish right from 
 wrong, respectively, as we do between colors 
 They believe man would exercise this faculty ir- 
 respective of education; its possession merely 
 distinguishing rational from irrational beings; 
 and that those who are not deficient in it being 
 necessarily unnatural. Those who follow this 
 line of thought draw many logical or illogical, 
 relevant or irrelevant, conclusions. Other think- 
 ers say that morality, as distinguished from 
 immorality, is simply that line of conduct which 
 the teachings of the age show to be the best for 
 man. Let us all lead irreproachable and modest 
 lives and avoid immoral thoughts. May it be so. 
 
 Omission of Con and Com Prefixes. 
 
 The dot for the prefix con or com may some- 
 times be omitted without danger of illegibility. 
 In the following words, and a few others, the dot 
 for con and com may generally be omitted with 
 safety : 
 
 Word Exercise. 
 
 Conceive, concern, conclude, conclusion, con- 
 fidence, conjecture, consequence, consider, con- 
 sideration, conscientious, convenient, conversa- 
 tion, contract, conference, compromise, combine, 
 combination, combined, commandment, communi- 
 cate, comparative, company, comparatively, com- 
 plete, compliment, compare, composition, com- 
 plain, comply. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 99 
 
 Reading Exercise, 
 the growth of shorthasn. 
 
 \ 
 
 -^ o 
 
 \ 
 
 1^ 
 
 ^^ ^ 
 
 -f 
 
 ./_] 
 
 
 /^7r-, l)_ / ■> — t ,x. ^_ \ t "^ ^ 
 
 r. ^, .L.^^-°^ '^>S> 
 
 i 
 
 ^ 
 
 I^ 
 
 ,^^^--11 1 
 
 \v 
 
 ■O 
 
 N 9 -^^ 
 
 2. 
 
 (^ I u% 
 
 •^"-^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 i_l 
 
 
 Jil^ 
 
 «_»L| 
 
 
 M 
 
 :^^-V^ 
 
 
 ,^\.\^^< .-.— 
 
 •V^A 
 
 
 \^ 
 
 -^. (?^ \ -^^ , • Z.^^'- /-" 
 
 1 
 
 ^--^ 
 
 
 -\r 
 
 -^.r^y^, ^ ^ 
 
 ^\[ ":^-/.> ^^-^ ■> — 
 
100 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 FIGURES. 
 
 Figures, occurring in speeches or dictated 
 matter, should be represented by the note-taker 
 in the ordinary Arabic numerals in preference to 
 the shorthand characters; for, although the let- 
 ters may in some cases represent the numbers 
 more briefly, the great distinctiveness of figures 
 in a mass of shorthand notes is supremely helpful 
 in reading them or in finding any particular 
 thing. But in taking down round numbers the 
 proper shorthand sign or abbreviation may be 
 employed to good advantage in recording the no- 
 tation. Instead of writing a string of naughts, 
 the number represented by them should be ex- 
 pressed in shorthand. The following shorthand 
 characters, written in the second or third position, 
 close to the figures, will be found useful: N for 
 hundred, th for thousand, n-th for hundred thou- 
 sand, m for million, n-m for hundred million, B 
 for billion. 
 
 In round numbers the principal monetary 
 units may be expressed by the addition of a 
 shorthand character. Thus : d for dollars, n-d for 
 hundred dollars, th-d for thousand dollars, n-th-d 
 for hundred thousand dollars. These characters 
 should not be employed unless the amount is 
 expressed by figures. When writing dollars and 
 cents write the entire number and then put cents 
 after it. Thus: 285 cents, or put the decimal 
 point in between the dollars and cents, but do 
 not attempt to make the dollar sign. Write it 
 thus: 23.75. 
 
 In writing sermons, the book, or epistle, the 
 chapter, and the verse, may be indicated by 
 placing the figure for the book in the first posi- 
 tion, for the chapter in the second position, and 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 101 
 for the verse in the third position. Thus, Cor- 
 
 9 
 
 inthians ~ 5 ^ By this method the book, chap- 
 ter, and verse may be written in any order, by 
 means of figures only, without danger of am- 
 biguity. 
 
 Writing ]5xERCise. 
 {Key to page 99.) 
 
 Within the past few years a great change has 
 taken place in the pubhc mind as to the real 
 scope of swift writing and the extent to which it 
 can be made use of as an aid to business. Down 
 to the year 1876 it was not much used in that 
 way. When people thought or spoke at-all 
 about shorthand, the taking of speeches and 
 sermons, or of the small number who wrote it, 
 they had no idea of the use to which it was some 
 day to-be put, and as we know it now. Very 
 many who were able-to write it had no thought 
 or hope of making money by the use of it. Some 
 wrote letters to their friends in shorthand, and 
 some of them had rather a dim notion that it 
 would one day take the place of our common 
 longhand; but from the signs of the times it is 
 not at-all likely to-be true, nor do we wish it to-be. 
 
 The advent of the typewriter did a great deal 
 to clear the way for the future of shorthand. 
 The two go together, and have opened up a wide 
 field of industry; have given employment to a 
 large number of persons, both male and female, 
 and been of great importance to the employer as 
 well as to the employed. A larger number of 
 letters are sent through the mail now than ever 
 before, on account of the general use of short- 
 
102 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 hand, and business men have come to see the 
 advantage of the use of it. 
 
 It is of great importance that you should 
 learn to write with skill before your habits are 
 fixed, for after that there is not very much hope 
 of you ever bettering your case. 
 
 Another thing: Do not engage in speed- 
 tests, for they will do more harm than good, and 
 are only for those who have had experience. 
 Contests of skill and accuracy would be more to 
 the purpose. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 10" 
 
 j^ 
 
 ^22^ 
 
 HEADING EXERCISE. 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ , "--^^ 
 
 <-n= 
 
 , / l,-^^^,x^ 
 
 :^ 
 
 t 
 
 \ "^ \ ^ s ,T-s ^v .y' 
 
 C^^-A ^ 
 
 -T^ 
 
 t 
 
 ^^ 
 
 \ I X 
 
 ^>^ V /^ 
 
 X ^ \ \ 
 
 I^ 
 
 r 
 
 Y- r~ \. 
 
 ^1-.-^ 
 
 r : \— ^ 
 
 -^ 
 
 r^^ 
 
 .i:^ 
 
 \ 
 
 Ixi 
 
 7^ ^^^ . i^.^r^ 
 
 ^ L, >/ ^ 
 
 \^^{X 
 
 ^c^ 
 
 y <r-^ n ^^^ 
 
 V. 
 
 
 V 
 
 rr ^ 
 
 .^ 
 
 ^' s^^v 
 
 :^ 
 
 ^TN-,/ 
 
 A 
 
 ^-^ 
 
 ^ ■ I "> 
 
 Cb-fX O ' r o 
 
 U- >- t "^ I A^ ■ r^. <L 
 
 t ~\ 
 
 UP <^ Q , ^ \ r,- \ 
 
 ( °-° ■ V 
 
 ■^--v^ 
 
 -^ s^" 
 
 ^^^^./°r. ^^^''^^1^° 
 
 
 s? — 
 
 l'^^^ 
 
 W.D.K. 
 
104 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Business Phrases and Contractions. 
 
 \s a matter of fact 
 as a matter of 
 course 
 
 "^— <— o Enclosed please 
 No find 
 
 X 
 
 am in receipt of 
 your favor 
 
 am in receipt of 
 your letter 
 
 am much obliged 
 nclosed find 
 am surprised 
 
 hope you will be 
 regard 
 
 regret 
 
 am rather sur- 
 prised 
 
 have to inform 
 you 
 
 regret to state 
 
 hope you are 
 ^ satisfied 
 
 b Of course it is 
 '^ P,^^^ of course it may be 
 
 You will be sur- 
 prised 
 
 In regard to the 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 beg to in form you 
 
 beg to call your 
 attention 
 beg to acknwldge 
 rec't of your favor 
 beg to acknwldge 
 rec't of your letter 
 enclose statement 
 
 enclose check 
 
 nclose invoice 
 
 beg to enclose 
 herewith 
 
 beg to enclose 
 
 regret to say 
 
 can assure you 
 
 do not under- 
 stand 
 
 am directed 
 
 am directed to 
 state 
 
 am directed to 
 inform you 
 
 am instructed 
 
 am requested to 
 state 
 
 am instructed to 
 state 
 
 hope you will do 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 105 
 
 < 
 
 BiJsiNEss Phrases and Contractions, 
 
 \ 
 
 your favor 
 
 cy^^"^<> We are in a po 
 sition 
 
 we are much 
 obliged 
 c/^_^^ we respectfully 
 request 
 
 '-^ ^ we are surprised 
 
 c we beg to quote 
 
 n/ ^ You are at liberty 
 
 rw — ^ you may as well 
 
 ''V'HJl you may consider 
 
 >^ in reply to yours 
 
 in reply to your 
 letter 
 
 ^^— -<;^ in reply to your 
 favor 
 
 in reply to your 
 esteemed favor 
 
 in your reply 
 
 in your reply to 
 my letter 
 
 in my last letter 
 y^'^j^ registered letter 
 ^y>^ early reply 
 
 ^\/^ early considera- 
 * ''-' tion 
 
 V i early attention 
 
 I 
 
 You will be glad 
 to know 
 
 your considera- 
 tion 
 
 your esteemed 
 favor 
 
 yours faithfully 
 faithfully yours 
 t^ yours obediently 
 Vn yours respectfully 
 
 \-4 by return mail 
 
 ^vry-^ — referring to your 
 ^^ letter 
 
 referring to our 
 letter 
 referring to our 
 invoice 
 
 by next mail 
 by this mail 
 Postal order 
 by wire at once 
 V\v by freight prepaid 
 ^■^S^ by express prepaid 
 |^„^/ by return of mail 
 
!06 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Business Phrases and Contractions 
 
 I Vl Early attention 
 
 I ^ at your earliest 
 vTTj) convenience 
 
 Q as soon as con- 
 ^^^^_^ venient 
 
 Q_P^ as soon as ready 
 
 "^ referring to yours 
 Vi. best attention 
 
 \V,^ best of my ability 
 
 VV' best of our ability 
 
 \\ best of your abilitj 
 
 Nrv best of their 
 X) ability 
 
 cP . best quality 
 
 *A. best price 
 
 o| best terms 
 
 /^ lowest terms 
 
 2° best thanks 
 
 V''^ balance due 
 
 ^^7-'^ first cost 
 
 hr-'^ at first cost 
 
 xy O first class 
 
 ^ 
 
 My attention has 
 been called 
 
 1^ necessary atten 
 ^-^ lion 
 
 -s^ necessary arraoge- 
 ^—P'vL' ments 
 .->r^ I will arrange the 
 ^^^^^ matter 
 
 yours truly 
 balance sheet 
 
 V5 
 
 \/°\ balance of your 
 • ^ - acct. 
 
 payment of acct. 
 (^ statement of acct. 
 xO account sales 
 
 \/ / bill of exchange 
 C\ /> Stock Exchange 
 ^^-.^r-P in exchange 
 \ /^ bill of lading 
 ^-\ /o under bill of sale 
 X, ,/L special rates 
 *\/^ ordinary rates 
 I. — D additional expense 
 I f^ additional cost 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 107 
 Business Phrases and Contractions 
 
 L Board of Directors 
 L__jj-^ Directors' meeting 
 J''^^ Directors' report 
 
 ^ I First quality 
 <^y'^~j first instant 
 
 dy'^"^ first no ".ice 
 
 ^ — P first installmtnt 
 
 ( last week 
 
 ^ ■ - this week 
 ' ^ last month 
 
 /'V'^ Monday morning 
 
 b 
 
 L 
 
 ^\^ 
 
 Tuesday afternoon 
 
 K 
 
 ^J;>^--P Wednesday even- 
 •J iug 
 
 please quote us 
 
 please let us know 
 
 please letme know 
 
 • x5 / please note 
 
 V please inform ns 
 
 Vj please forward 
 
 Vv -;, iccording to 
 <^ agreement 
 
 O^'^^S. you should not be 
 ^^^/.^^^it is not necessary 
 
 J< 
 
 declare a dividend 
 
 deliver immedi- 
 ately 
 
 discount for cash 
 
 Financial affairs 
 
 from last report 
 
 further pdrticulars 
 
 goods not to hand 
 not yet to hand 
 just possible 
 
 just received 
 
 J make an appoint- 
 ment 
 we cannot account 
 
 I shall be glad 
 
 ^'^"^'1' we cannot account 
 V, for 
 
 ^JL that you should do 
 
lOS Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Forty-Six Principal Cities. 
 
 ^:1.^_, Allegheny, (Pa.) 
 /'A^^ Albany, (>J. Y.) 
 \__j Brooklyn, (N Y.) 
 N* Boston, (Mass.) 
 
 X Buffalo, (N. Y.) 
 
 V"^^^ Baltimore, (Md.) 
 
 / -. Chicago, (111 ) 
 Vr Cleveland, (O.) 
 I Cincinnati, (O.") 
 ~^^ Columbus, (().) 
 ^ Camden, (N. J.) 
 L Detroit, (Mich.) 
 t_J~X Denver, (Col.) 
 |^->^ Des Moines, (la.) 
 
 V, r>^ Fall River, (Mass. 
 
 ^i^/\>rirand Rapids, 
 
 ^ (Mich.) 
 
 \. Hartford, (Conn.)"* 
 ^'^NO Indianapolis (Ind ) 
 /f Jersey City, (N J ) 
 Z_-,n Kansas City, (Mo.) 
 ,^VJ Louisville, (Ky ^ 
 -^ Lowell, (?Iass.) 
 
 Minneapolis, 
 (Minn.) 
 
 Memphis, (Tenn ) 
 y^'^ Mew York, (N. Y.) 
 ^"-^Y^ .Vew Orleans, (La.) 
 
 '^''^ . Newark, (N. J.) 
 
 ^v^_<^Vi New Haven, Conn. 
 rC7 Nashville, (Tenn ) 
 
 Omaha, (Neb.) 
 Philadelphia, (Pa.) 
 
 ,S" 
 
 Milwaukee, (Wis ) 
 
 1 
 
 Pittsburg, (Pa.) 
 Providence, (R. I.) 
 ,.^^ Richmond, (Va.) 
 ^ St. Louis, (Mo.) 
 Q^_gX-_ S. Francisco,(Cal ) 
 '^'A/" St. Paul, (Minn.) 
 «? ^ Scranton, (Pa.) 
 
 Syracuse, (N. Y.) 
 
 St. Joseph, (Mo.) 
 
 Springfield, (111.) 
 Toledo, (O.) 
 
 Trenton, (N. J ) 
 Washington, (D.C.) 
 ^^ Worcester, (Mass ) 
 
Complete Manual 
 Forty-six States 
 /^\^^^ Alabama 
 V. Q Arkansas 
 California 
 •Connecticut 
 c...y\ Colorado 
 [^ Delaware 
 J— '-"^Dist of Columbi 
 ^Ly[ Florida 
 / ' Georgia 
 Illinois 
 Indiana 
 Iowa 
 Kansas 
 Kentucky 
 ' }^_y Louisiana 
 ^^~^ Maine 
 ^""""""^ Maryland 
 9^ Massachusetts 
 
 "^2— Michigan 
 ""■"^—f Minnesota 
 \ Mississippi 
 ^-—f^ Missouri 
 
 f^ Montana 
 
 'C 
 
 Z^ 
 
 of Phonography. 109 
 AND Territories. 
 Nebraska 
 Nevada 
 
 New Hampshire 
 / New Jersey 
 "■^-^-T- New Mexico 
 ^^ New York 
 ^ / ^ North Carolina 
 )^, Ohio 
 c — r|^ Oklahoma Ter. 
 \_j Oregon 
 ftVo Pennsylvania 
 
 yV^ Rhode Island 
 ^ /^ South Carolina 
 
 CL- South Dakota 
 L.^ Tennessee 
 ' '^ Texas 
 Utah 
 
 Vermont 
 Virginia 
 
 a 
 
 & 
 
 Washington 
 
 "Ja ; Wisconsin 
 
 ,/7^ 
 
 Wyoming 
 West Virginia 
 
110 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Business Correspondenck. 
 
 (I) 
 Messrs. Brown & Co., 
 Allegheny, Pa. : 
 Gentlemen: — In reply to your favor of 5th 
 inst., would say that the house of J. B. Jones 
 & Co. is in first-rate standing, and in our opnion 
 will assume no indebtedness for which they are 
 not amply responsible. We have full confidence 
 in both their integrity and solvency. (50) 
 Yours truly, 
 
 (2) 
 Mr. W. L. Williams, 
 Albany, N. Y. 
 Dear Sir: — We are in receipt of your favor, 
 enclosing check for 5ii5, for which we are much 
 obliged. Enclosed find receipt for same. We 
 note your remark as to future delivery of goods. 
 Soliciting a continuance of your favors, which 
 shall receive our best and prompt attention, we 
 remain, (50) 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 (3) 
 Mr. J. C. Smith, 
 
 Boston, Mass. 
 Dear Sir: — A heavy payment to be made on 
 the 9th prox. compels me to call your attention 
 to the balance of your account, which is now 
 long past due. Having received no remittance 
 from you for some time, I make this applica- 
 tion in the hope that it will secure your special 
 attention. (50) 
 
 Respectfully yours. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. Ill 
 
 Business Correspondencb. 
 
 (4) 
 The N. G. Morgan Co., 
 Brooklyn, N. Y. 
 Gentlemen: — We send you a list of articles 
 for which please favor us with your lowest quota- 
 tions, informing us at the same time which of 
 them you keep on hand and the time required 
 for filling an order for such of the others as we 
 require, together with your customary terms. (50) 
 Yours truly, 
 
 (5) 
 Mr. W. B. Haynes, 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Dear Sir-: — Mr. Wm. Barton is desirous of 
 serving in one of the many positions under your 
 control. His integrity and close application to 
 business while in my employ secured my utmost 
 confidence. You will find him temperate and 
 trustworthy and in every way capable. Should 
 you grant him an interview, you will 'confer a 
 favor on 
 
 Yours truly, (60) 
 
 (6) 
 Messrs. Short & Co., 
 Baltimore, Md. 
 Gentlemen: — Your favor of the'ist is at hand 
 with "statement of ' account, showing a balance 
 due you '^of eight hundred dollars. As this 
 amount corresponds with the balance on our 
 ledger, we enclose herewith draft on the First 
 National Bank of your city for the amount of 
 same, say 58oo. Please acknowledge receipt of 
 draft and oblige. (60) 
 
 Truly yours. 
 
112 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Business Correspondence. 
 
 (7) 
 Messrs. Henry & Nichols, 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Gentlemen : — The firm of Jones & Smith has 
 a sohd foundation of respectabiUty, a house in 
 which we have implicit confidence. They are 
 held in high repute for their integrity and prompt 
 business capacity ; punctual in fulfilling their obli- 
 gations. Their probity and honesty are not to 
 be questioned, and there can be no risk in en- 
 tering into business relations with them. (60) 
 Faithfully yours, 
 (8) 
 Messrs. Campbell & Co., 
 Cleveland, Ohio. 
 Gentlemen: — I am in receipt of yours of the 
 28th instant with statement of account, which, 
 upon examining, I find to be correct. Herewith 
 you will receive my draft on Turner & Co., of 
 your city, for ^2,025. Please place same to my 
 credit. The balance will be forwarded by the 
 loth, probably accompanied by a large order, to 
 which I ask your special attention. lam, (70) 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 Messrs. Simpson & Co., (9) 
 Columbus, Ohio. 
 Gentlemen : — I have jvist returned to the city 
 after an absence of some days, and learned with 
 regret that my note had been protested for non- 
 payment. I hastened to withdraw it from thf 
 bank, and can truly say that the matter was an 
 oversight on my part, and beg to assure you that 
 such an occurrence will not happen again. Re- 
 regretting the trouble it has caused, I remain, 
 (70) Yours obediently. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 113 
 
 Business Correspondence. 
 
 do) 
 
 Mr. J. G. Adams, 
 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 Dear Sir: — I regret that circumstances pre- 
 vent my complying with your request for a re- 
 mittance; stagnation in business and the tight- 
 ness of the money market have prevented me 
 from being as prompt as usual. My trade has 
 improved lately, and there is ever}" prospect for a 
 busy season. I must ask your indulgence for a 
 short time, when I surely will close my account. 
 Hoping you will not be inconvenienced by the 
 delay. (70) 
 
 Yours sincerely, 
 (ir) 
 Mr. Simon Hess, 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 Dear Sir: — Your application having been re- 
 ferred to this office, we desire to say that it is nec- 
 essary for us to state the terms on which we open 
 accounts. Our bills are rendered on the first of 
 the month, and settlements are expected prompt- 
 ly. Under no circumstances can we allow our 
 accounts to remain open over 60 days. If it is 
 satisfactory for you to conform to our custom, 
 we shall be pleased to open the account. We 
 are, (80) 
 
 Very trulv yours, 
 (12) ' 
 Mr. S. H. Harris, 
 
 Denver, Colo. 
 
 Dear Sir : — I have referred to your letter under 
 
 date of December 9th, wherein you say that you 
 
 expect to make settlement with us in a few days, 
 
 and am sorry to note that we have heard nothing 
 
1 1 4 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Business Correspondence. 
 
 further from you. We do not wish to be dis- 
 courteous in the matter, but I assure you, unless 
 this account is settled immediately, we shall 
 have entry made and attachment issued. Kindly 
 attend to this matter at once, and save further 
 trouble. (8o) 
 
 Yours truly, 
 
 (13) 
 Messrs. Hastings & Co., 
 
 Camden, N. J. 
 Gentlemen : — We are compelled to inform you 
 that, from causes beyond our control, we are 
 obliged to suspend payments. After a thorough 
 examination, we are convinced of the impossibil- 
 ity of meeting our obligations. We are now bal- 
 ^acing our books, on the completion of which we 
 will send you a statement of our afifairs. Until 
 this is done, we ask a suspension of your judg- 
 ment. Assuring you again that our embarrass- 
 ments arise solely in consequence of occurrences 
 which we could not prevent, (8o) we are, 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 Mr. W. A. Ropp, (14) 
 
 Sedalia, Mo. 
 Dear Sir: — I have yours of the 13th inst., en- 
 closing shipping receipt, as stated. In regard to 
 soliciting shipments during the coming season, I 
 wish to say that I have no notion of making any 
 change at your station. Our dealings, so far as 
 I know, have been thoroughly satisfactory in the 
 past, and I shall be very glad if you will continue 
 to represent my interests at your town. I shall 
 gladly pay you for any trouble or expense you 
 may incur in getting shipments frompthers. 
 Very respectfully yours,* (90) 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 115 
 
 Business Correspondence. 
 
 (15) 
 Mr. John Hawkins, 
 
 Fall River, Mass. 
 Dear Sir: — You will remember while in your 
 office a few weeks ago you kindly offered to as- 
 sist me in gaining an introduction to several large 
 firms in your city. Will you now permit me to 
 ask for a few letters to some of your prominent 
 dealers, upon whom I should like to call. I am 
 sure your standing and influence among them 
 would not only increase the benefit of your in- 
 troduction, but greatly advance my chances of 
 securing orders. Hoping you will pardon me for 
 troubling you, I am, (90) 
 
 Sincerelv yours, 
 (r6j 
 Messrs. Claxton & Co., 
 Chicago, 111. 
 Gentlemen : — Your esteemed favor of the 9th 
 is before us, in reply to which we beg to enclose 
 our trade list of publications, together with a few 
 complete catalogues, in accordance with your re- 
 quest. Our terms of settlement are as follows: 
 Discount of 5% for cash in ten days, net 30 days. 
 Should these terms meet your approbation, and 
 our interview with your Mr. Claxton result fa- 
 vorably, we shall be happy to have your name on 
 our books. -Awaiting Mr. Claxton's visit, we are. 
 Yours trulv, (90) 
 
 (17) ' 
 Messrs. Jewett & Co., 
 Hartford, Conn. 
 Gentlemen :— Your letter threatening law pro- 
 ceedings compels me to announce my inability to 
 meet any obligations at present. As you are my 
 
1 1 G Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Business Correspondence. 
 
 principal creditor, I appeal to your sympathy not 
 to increase my troubles by resorting to legal 
 measures. I require time to extricate myself 
 from the position in which I have been placed 
 through no fault of mine, and I must, therefore, 
 ask your indulgence for a short time, which re- 
 quest, if ungranted, will oblige me. in justice to 
 all, to make an assignment for the benefit of my 
 creditors. 
 
 With an earnest desire to honestly adjust all 
 claims against me, (loo) I am, 
 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 (i8) 
 Mr. D. G. Piper, 
 
 Indianapolis, Ind. 
 
 Dear Sir : — In accordance with your esteemed 
 favor of the 5th instant, we have the pleasure to 
 enclose you invoice of merchandise, shipped this 
 day per the Frisco R. R., amounting to .J375.00, 
 which is subject to our usual discount of 5% for 
 cash. 
 
 From the opinion of you expressed by your 
 references, we have no hesitation in opening an 
 account, and quoting you our very best terms. 
 Believing the goods will compare favorably with 
 any in the market, we desire that you will satisfy 
 yourself as to the price and quality before re- 
 mitting. In the meantime, we are, 
 Yours truly, (100) 
 
 (19) 
 Mr. Charles Dement, 
 Savannah, Ga. 
 Dear Sir: — We hereby confirm our telephone 
 conversation with you of this dav, wherein we 
 
Complete Manual of Fhonoyraphy. 1 1 7 
 
 Business Correspondence. 
 
 stated that the purchaser of your property at 315 
 S. Main Street would prefer to make settlement 
 of the same on Monday next, the 15th inst., and 
 requests that you have all papers ready for him 
 by that time. Will you kindly advise us in the 
 meantime what company is insuring the title, the 
 number of your application, and also what hour 
 of the day will be the most convenient for you to 
 make this settlement, in order that there will be 
 no conflict with any of our other settlements? 
 
 Awaiting your reply in this connection, we 
 remain, (no) 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 (20) 
 The Skinner Collection Agencv, 
 Oakland, CaUf. 
 
 Dear Sirs : — Replying to your letter of the 13th 
 inst., we enclose statement of our account, ^350, 
 against the Frisco Plumbing Co. We hope you 
 may be able to make this collection without suit, 
 yet it will be useless to wait many days on their 
 promises. Let us know what money is needed 
 for expenses, and we will send check.. 
 
 The first item, .^49. is for some samples, and 
 they were to be returned, but the goods have 
 never been received by us. We have been selling 
 the company since March, and have not been in- 
 formed of any change in the firm. Enclosed find 
 the last letter received from them relative to the 
 account. 
 
 Yours very truly, (120) 
 
1 1 S Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Kvy to Business Correspondence. 
 • (1) 
 
 ■\_,. o -J^ ^ ^^ ^__^^^ ^.^^ 
 
 (2) 
 (3) 
 
 W O.K. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 11 'J 
 
 Kgy to Business Correspondence 
 (4) 
 
 
 ■-/ 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 (5) 
 
 ^-7) A^ 
 
 CT^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 (c) 
 
120 Complete Manual of I*liono(jraphy. 
 
 Kev to Busino^^; Correfpondeuct. 
 (7) 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 1^. 
 
 (8) 
 
 (9) 
 
 1 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 121 
 
 Key to Business Cqrrespondeuce. 
 (10) 
 
 k"x (u) "X«/; 
 
 y^A " <> ^ ^-^ / t^ y -W^r. 
 
 (12) ^ 
 
 -^ X A <?: , Lj^ ,<^ ^ K 
 
 -L ^ ; ) W,l)-K. 
 
122 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Key to Business Corri'spotultTiii-. 
 
 (13) I 
 
 </■•- ^^^\ :^^ n^ V -^ vK 
 
 (14) 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 123 
 
 •\- 
 
 (15) 
 
 Key to Business Correspondence. 
 
 n ^ \..V.N -^ ~1 7 "VGxV3 
 
 ^. 
 
 V^ 
 
 ■^r^, 
 
 "^ 
 
 V^ 
 
 <L 
 
 ^ ^^j> 
 
 ' (16) 
 
124 Complete Manual uf Phonography. 
 
 Key to Business Correspondence. 
 
 (11) 
 
 \j-^ 
 
 (18) 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 125 
 
 Key to Business Correspondence. 
 
 -^ .rd" ^ \^ ■ -, -"^ n.^. '>! 
 
 (19) 
 
 ^)^ ^^^ -V ^ ^'^ 
 
 ^ .^'^ (o—y^ C 
 
 Y^2^ 
 
 njL-l 
 
126 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Key to Business Correspondeuce. 
 (20) 
 
 \ <-v_ (o ^ ( \, <^' ]r\ yos^c^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 Vf^ 
 
 > 
 
 CTA 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■ ^ (^ 
 
 ^ A V~; -T;^, ^^;c 
 ( C ^^ ^ N^ -^ t^^ ^^— ^"^ V 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Rbporting Contractions. 
 
 127 
 
 
 
 
 Abstractive 
 
 administrate 
 
 administrator 
 
 administratrix 
 ad vertise-d ment 
 agriculture-al* 
 aiitagonist-ic-ism* 
 
 applicable-ility 
 
 appreciate-d 
 
 appointment 
 
 appreciation 
 
 arbitration 
 
 architect-ure-al 
 
 aristocratic-acy 
 
 assemble-d-y 
 
 asioiiish ed ment* 
 
 ^.ajn . 
 
 att ment 
 one 
 
 artificial* 
 anniversary* 
 
 Beneficial 
 
 Baptise-d-sm 
 
 benevolent-ce 
 
 V^> — Benignant-ity 
 
 \ Cabinet 
 
 v^ Calvinism 
 
 ^ capable 
 
 \ Captain* 
 (jT^ celestial 
 oA^ certificate 
 cJ circumstance 
 
 (^^^ circumstantial 
 — <=^^ commercial-ly* 
 constitution-al 
 
 S 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 / 
 
 construction 
 contentment 
 contingent-cy 
 controversy-ial 
 
 V^_ covenant 
 
 e-*-' examine-d * 
 
 cross- 
 examination 
 
 — i^-^v customer 
 
 < ^ consequence 
 
 ^ citizen 
 
 {j-^"\ Discriminate . 
 
 (j-' distinct 
 
128 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Reporting Contractions. 
 
 I 
 
 b 
 
 L- 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 
 r 
 
 December 
 
 defendant 
 
 deficient-cy 
 
 defective 
 
 degeneration 
 
 democrat-ic-acy 
 
 demonstrate 
 
 description 
 
 dignify-ed-ty 
 
 depreciate-d 
 
 disappointment 
 
 discharge-d 
 
 displeasure 
 
 dissimilar 
 
 distinguish-ed 
 
 Efficient-ly-cy 
 
 entertainment 
 
 enthusiast-ic asm 
 
 Esquire* 
 
 evangelic-al 
 
 example* 
 
 exchequer 
 
 -1, 
 
 
 executor 
 
 executrix 
 
 expenditure 
 
 expensive ^^ 
 
 extemporaneous 
 
 extinguish-ed 
 
 extraordinar}' 
 
 extra vagant-ce 
 
 exceptional-ly 
 
 F'amiliar-ly-ity 
 financially 
 
 friendship 
 Generalization 
 
 Henceforth 
 holiness 
 
 Imperfect-tion 
 
 impregnable 
 
 incapable 
 
 inconsiderate 
 
 indenture 
 
 independent- ce 
 
 indescribable 
 
Complete Manual of Phono<jrd,phy. 
 Reporting Contractions. 
 
 Indignant-tion 
 indiscriminate-ly 
 
 indispensable 
 
 individual- ly-ily* 
 
 inefficient-ly 
 
 inform-ed 
 
 inscribed* 
 
 inscription* 
 
 insignificance* 
 
 insignificant* 
 
 inspect-ed-tion 
 
 insubordinate-ion 
 
 insufficient-ly 
 
 insurance 
 
 intelligent 
 
 intelligence 
 
 intelligible 
 
 intemperance 
 
 introductive 
 
 investment 
 
 irrespective 
 
 January 
 
 129 
 
 
 Journalism 
 
 i 
 
 jurisdiction 
 
 \ 
 
 jurisprudence 
 
 
 Magnetic-ism* 
 
 T 
 
 majority 
 
 ''^ 
 
 . manufacture-r 
 
 --^-D 
 
 mechanic-al-ly* 
 
 /-V 
 
 melancholy 
 
 r WN 
 
 methodism* 
 
 -v^ 
 
 metropolitan 
 
 1 
 
 ministry 
 
 1 
 
 misdemeanor 
 
 >_/— 
 
 Xegotiate-d 
 
 ^^ 
 
 negotiable 
 
 ^/-^ 
 
 negotiation 
 
 ^ 
 
 Obscurity 
 
 V 
 
 observation 
 
 \ 
 
 "^4 
 
 obstructive 
 
 organize-d 
 
 ^ 
 
 organization 
 
 yf 
 
 original-ly 
 
 ■^ 
 
 originality 
 
130 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Reporting Contractions. 
 
 > 
 
 
 Passenger 
 
 perpendicularly 
 
 perpetual-ly 
 
 philanthropy 
 
 philanthropist 
 
 prejudice-d 
 
 preliminary 
 
 prerogative 
 productive 
 
 prospective 
 
 Presbyterian-ism 
 
 preservation 
 
 proficient-cy 
 
 proportionately 
 
 proportion-ed 
 
 Recognizance 
 
 regeneration 
 
 repugnant-ce 
 
 resignation 
 
 respectively 
 
 revolutionary 
 
 recollection 
 
 y^\j Restrictive 
 --^ respective 
 ^'NN) retrospective 
 -^^^ revenue 
 •^ Selfish-ness 
 
 \^ subservient 
 
 ^ subjective 
 N> substantial-ly 
 
 Np substartiate-tion 
 
 ^^ sufficient-ly-cy 
 
 ^*"^, superscribe-d 
 
 ^ _-> superscription 
 
 \ suspect-ed 
 j\ suspicious 
 
 N^ Tabernacle 
 >a — thanksgiving 
 ^—^ transmission 
 
 J transubstantiation 
 
 / tribunal 
 
 -^^-P Unconstitutional 
 ' ^— P unquestiouable-ly 
 ''--^ unsubstantial-ly 
 
 \^^ United States. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 131 
 
 In tlie abbreviations in tlie following exercises the 
 Stroke S, downward R, and downward I, are represented 
 by a small capital letter. 
 
 Writing Exercise. 
 In writing for the newspapers we must give 
 an nt-jnt d-skr of the movement of our pln-p 
 abroad, and d-st-ing nd-vds; the nirj of our st-t- 
 tion and R-s-t members at home as well. It is 
 n-qu-s-tn a kr-k-s-k of jr-s-m, and an nd-s-pns 
 condition of success, and every notable s-t-ns 
 which happens in the k-mr, the R-s-t, the f-nn, 
 and the pr-f-tion world, should -be reported in a 
 s-b-s-tn, s-n-s-b, and nt-j-bl manner, and at a pr- 
 p-rt length to its importance. A mere j-ns-tion 
 will not suffice. The political department of a 
 newspaper must contain nt-j-ns relative to the s- 
 tr-tion of a new k-b, the n-k-s-p r-s-g of one of 
 its members, and another pt-mnt in the mn-s-t as 
 a s-b-s-tt, and of thus obtaining r-k-n of his ser- 
 vices and a s-b-s-tn reward . Every political tr-vr 
 must be touched upon with d-g. The condition 
 of the national k-s-ch, 4:he state of the r-v, and 
 k-s-pnd, must each r-s-p-vl be matters of b-s-r. 
 K-s-tr-v or n-s-f-sh in any p-b department must 
 be exposed, and the r-r should d-mn-s-tt that he 
 is f-m with the topics he treats upon. If an m- 
 pr-f, d-f-sh in the accounts, n-s-f-sh of funds or 
 any other n-s-t-tion and n-s-t-s-r feature in a 
 d-m-kr or any political R-g-ns-tion is detected 
 which renders it n-k-p of f-sh work, it is an nd-s- 
 p-ns duty of the writer to d-s-ch his r-s-p-ns 
 duty, and n-f his readers in a d-s-nt-s-td and nd- 
 pnd manner of it, not seeking to d-st-ng himself, 
 but heedless whether he provokes the nd-g and 
 d-s-zhr of the d-m-kr or not. His d-s-nt-std and 
 nd-pnd will n-qu-s-tn seldom go unrewarded. 
 
132 Complete Manual. of Phonography. 
 Reading Exercisu. 
 
 irxrxA^ 
 
 X. 
 
 
 A >^"-1^ ^^ -\ J\, U 
 
 ^::\^\% 
 
 -^ > ^ ' '^ - > J ; '^ ^ .0 
 
 ^_^ ^ V ^ /^ V ^^^. , V 
 
 -fl ^-A. 
 
 ^"\1 . i <^-a. 
 
 -C"^ ] -c'^,-u--/ 
 
 u. ^-(. .^— 1 ^ "~ X -r\ 
 
 ><y^i^)<.^:\k -'^ 
 
 
 
 cn^ \/V._, ° ^ -1-.,— \, c 
 
 < N,'^ N 1 N/^^^^^ 
 
 N /° . .^ ( 
 
 
 /. 
 
 O 
 
 ^ ^( -^^ -^//r^v, y 
 
 A ^ \ cL- w. P.K.J 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 133 
 
 Writing Exercise. 
 
 The editor who has been n-f that the tr-b be- 
 fore which the n-s-b was tried, acted in an n-d-s- 
 kr manner ; they s-m together in b-s-k. The rea- 
 sons for this jr-s-d-tion are n-s-f-sh and n-s-b- 
 s-t, .and a report would not be r-p-g or n-nt-s-t 
 to those who s-b-s-k to or d-vr in his paper; 
 his pr-l-m steps are to send a reporter, of whose 
 pr-f-sh for the task he has no doubt, to interview 
 a private or k-pt. The officers are usually s-sh 
 n-s-d-rt, and S-s-p persons, who have no s-b-stn- 
 grounds to S-s-p the reporter, n-v do so, and to 
 his St-n refuse him any n-tion. Their reticence 
 is m-pr-g. The reporter is nd-g, and feels his 
 d-s-pt-mnt keenly; his s-n-s-b is injured, but he 
 is nd-f-t in his calling, and controls his nd-g, 
 and makes his pride s-b-s-r to his judgnfent. He 
 will find some n-s-sh person, kr-s-k and take down 
 all s-b-s-t facts he can from his kr-s-k, and send 
 his tr-s-k-p-tion to the office of his paper. Of 
 course this is k-s-p-ns, but it is an n-v-s-t which 
 pays. The pr-s-r of the nd-pnds of his paper 
 should be studied, and nothing nt-g allowed to 
 pr-j it. Incidents not d-ss-m to the above oc- 
 cur every month, from J-n to D-s-m — in fact, last 
 s-pt-m or N-v s-m-ng like it took place; but you 
 must not be St-n if I n-f you that a large pr-p 
 of it is hushed up. Some people are jealous of 
 what they consider their pr-r-g ; they think the p- 
 b-tion might be nt-dv of result which would prove 
 d-s-trv, and they put every b-str-tion in the way. 
 The press p-r-f-s good service both to the m-n-fk 
 and the m-kn by their application of m-kn skill 
 as applied to the wonderful rii-n-f goods. 
 
\M Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 WHAT AM I TO DO NOW? 
 
 When the student has mastered all that has 
 preceded in this Manual, and can write at a fair 
 rate of speed, he will naturally ask the question, 
 "What am I to do now?" If he is under the in- 
 struction of a competent teacher, it is very prob- 
 able that the question will not need to be asked, 
 for the chances are that he will have been directed 
 from the start as to the best method of practice to 
 lead him to the degree of proficiency he desires. 
 If you wish tp attain a high rate of speed, you 
 may profit by the following suggestions : 
 
 Write from dictation a business letter or se- 
 lection of about 1 20 words. Do not stop to de- 
 cide as to the best outlines at the time of writing, 
 but write the first one that comes to your mind. 
 At the end of the dictation, immediately read 
 your notes aloud, and at the same time correct 
 any errors you may have made in your notes. 
 This is the time when you should test your short- 
 hand skill, as well as your knowledge of it. 
 
 Write, read, and correct the same matter until 
 you can write it at the rate of 120 words a minute, 
 and read your notes with absolute accuracy. 
 Then take new matter, of about 125 words, and 
 proceed in the same way, each time increasing 
 the number of words in the selection until it 
 contains at least 600 words. 
 
 If you intend to become a court reporter, then 
 you should attain a speed of not less than 150 
 words a minute. After a few days, let the time 
 of dictation be increased to ten minutes, then' 
 fifteen, twenty, twenty-five minutes or more. 
 
 If you wish to attain to a trulv high rate of 
 speed, you should TAKE UP PHRASING. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 135 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 Phrasing occupies a unique position. Some 
 stenographers employ it, others do not; one can, 
 another cannot. The remove is a wide one from 
 the practice of the writer who declared that 
 "Where do you reside?" was the extent of his 
 phrasing, up to the complicated angles of the 
 enthusiast. 
 
 Almost any combination of words of relative 
 meaning may be phrased, though this is not saying 
 they should be. Never phrase what is not a 
 phrase — that is, never combine outlines of words 
 that have not a mutual dependence upon one 
 another, which is equivalent to saying, never 
 phrase over a punctuation mark, or any stop in 
 speech. Do not extend phrases too far below or 
 too far above the line ; make them show as sharp 
 angles as possible. 
 
 The vital question is, When to begin phrasing? 
 So many forget to phrase in the excitement of 
 rapid writing. We believe that the acquirement 
 can well be postponed until considerable facility 
 in writing has been attained. Then take up 
 phrasing as a distinct feature, and carry it for- 
 ward, not forgetting to stop within conservative 
 limits. 
 
 Phrasing should be developed from profi- 
 ciency; it should be last in the steps toward 
 shorthand perfection. Do not attempt to com- 
 mit phrases to memory, but rather master the 
 principles, as given in the following list. In- 
 deed, those are merely suggestive of many hun- 
 dred phrases which may be written in accordance 
 with the principles therein given. 
 
136 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 ADVANCED PHRAvSEOGRAPHY. 
 
 Able to make 
 
 xy^'-^ absolutely 
 o necesssary 
 
 \^^ all over the world 
 
 J^ all circumstances 
 
 ^ all that has bteeti 
 
 HP all that is said 
 
 Si all that is to be 
 
 Vt . ill that you can 
 
 Q. all these, those 
 
 \^-Q all times 
 \y^ all the way 
 
 ^^■^~^__^ ind-in the same 
 
 manner 
 \. and as if 
 
 *^ and believe d 
 
 A and complain t-ed 
 
 \^ and composed 
 
 ^^ and have been 
 
 ^ and have done 
 '\^y^ and if it were 
 
 7^ 
 
 And have their 
 and is not 
 and need not 
 
 and in this manner 
 
 Q_D 
 
 and in like manner 
 
 '' V^ and never 
 
 \4j_^ and the present 
 
 '^ ^ and the contrary 
 
 ^-^ as far as 
 
 as good as 
 
 iS if there were 
 
 /T^""^ as long as 
 
 (pv^JJ as many as pos- 
 '^ sible 
 
 A^^ as much as 
 1/'^=* at last, least 
 
 k at their own 
 
 I'^\q_^ at the present day 
 
 Urv — at the same time 
 
 J.,^^.^.^^ at some time 
 
<r-»^-— Great deal 
 C^ great extent 
 great many 
 
 Oompleie Manual of PJwnography. 
 Advanced Phraseography. 
 t> Because it is 
 V/^. between them 
 
 \/ j between us 
 y by which it was 
 
 X by which they are 
 
 \ Can remember 
 
 \) commonplace 
 
 I j Day after day 
 
 ^ From them 
 
 1:^7 
 
 from me, my or 
 
 him 
 
 forever and ever 
 
 ^ for this 
 ^ qJot this reason 
 
 VsQ_p — for his own sake 
 
 Vo — y^ for the sake c.f 
 
 ^-Vwi> for instance 
 o 6 
 
 ^-^''^\^ for the most part 
 
 for the purpose 
 Vy^ fully considered 
 
 have had 
 
 have not had 
 having regard 
 
 he has been 
 
 Ay^*^'^''~^hoyv are we to 
 
 know 
 A— O how could you 
 
 /y^,.^,^^^ how many of such 
 /V-^ how must 
 yy/^ how will they 
 
 "^-I am glad to know 
 
 ^7 I admit that 
 \fy^l believe you will 
 1,^^! can do nothing 
 [//) I dare say 
 "^ ^ I expect you 
 M. ^.I fear you will 
 
138 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Advanced Phraseography. 
 am very glad to 
 
 fear you w 11 
 think 
 
 think there 
 will be 
 
 must be sure 
 
 must see 
 
 have not seeu 
 have been 
 have been told 
 have done 
 
 have had many 
 have indeed 
 have said 
 have suggested 
 
 see there is 
 hope you are 
 
 hope you will b 
 
 know that you 
 
 may 
 
 know they will 
 know there is 
 
 may as well 
 
 may be told that 
 may not be 
 may perhaps be 
 
 do not know why 
 
 need not 
 
 need not point 
 out 
 
 shall be 
 
 shall be glad 
 
 shall never be 
 
 shall esteem it 
 
 shall not be 
 
 think it is impos- 
 sible 
 
 think so 
 
 ■ think there is 
 
 think there will 
 be 
 
 will be glad 
 
 will not be 
 
 am sure there is 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Advamcsd Phrasbography. 
 
 139 
 
 ^O I will say 
 v/^ I will try 
 
 V I wish it was 
 
 y I wish there 
 
 V / i^ ever you are 
 f it is said 
 f it is not 
 
 f such is the case 
 f those who ca i 
 
 f there is to be 
 
 f there is not 
 n all respects 
 n all there, their 
 
 a such places 
 
 n comparison 
 with 
 
 n cousequence of 
 
 n fact it is 
 
 n like manner 
 n the main 
 
 In my opiniou 
 I in order to do 
 ^■~^~t in the same place 
 ^^ — < in their place 
 
 \? in proportion 
 Xi in reference to 
 in regard to the 
 
 ^^ in relation to 
 ^ in respect to 
 in so many 
 in so much as 
 in as much as 
 in such manner as 
 
 ^■^Y^ in support of 
 
 ^^'^Ayxj in the first place 
 ^ — ^~\^ in the second place 
 ' P in the third place 
 ^'^\^in the next place 
 rt) in the last place 
 
 ^ 
 ^ 
 
 ^ 
 
\40 Complete Manual of Phonographi/. 
 Advanced Phraseography. 
 
 In their opinion 
 in their case 
 
 ] it is most impor- 
 
 *~if^^ tant 
 
 ka in their statement 
 
 T. in consideration of 
 — p in connection with 
 
 ^-yX' in this country 
 
 K2_o in this instance 
 
 ^-/ in this neighbor- 
 ^^i-^ hood 
 
 in which it ap- 
 peared 
 ^^ ■ 
 O into the other 
 
 A into consideration 
 
 it can be 
 
 ould not be 
 it has been 
 
 L- s^ it c 
 
 J it has been sug- 
 %) gested 
 
 <r~b ^^ ^^ impossible 
 
 1^ it is many 
 
 I it seems impos- 
 o~5~^ sible 
 
 ^^•^ In which it is 
 <K^ it 
 
 L 
 
 IS my opinion 
 
 t is necessary that 
 it is so 
 
 i^^ 
 
 t is quite certain 
 t is not so 
 t is surely 
 it is said that 
 t is well known 
 
 it maj' be so 
 Ladies and gentle- 
 
 ' </ men 
 
 y^ less and less 
 
 C^ More or less 
 
 cr~^^ more and more 
 
 ^ ^ my dear sir 
 
 j my dear sister 
 
 V my fellow-citizens 
 
 "^-^ my own opinion 
 
 ^^\ North and south 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography 
 Advanced Phraseography. 
 
 U-> On 
 
 141 
 
 '" U Of course it is 
 
 course they will 
 
 N''^ 
 
 of importance 
 L if its own 
 ^^^ of life, love 
 ^"^^ >f many of them 
 O^ of such as have 
 ^ of this subject 
 // of -which you will 
 ^^ on account of their 
 ^<j on account of his 
 ^^ )n my part 
 [/^' on the contrary 
 G on the other hand 
 \j^^ in the present 
 \y^ on the part of 
 
 J on their own 
 on this subject 
 
 i 
 
 this account 
 
 on this point 
 
 Peculiar circum- 
 stances 
 
 \^^^<— ^ oer annum 
 
 V 
 
 point of view 
 
 (f—^ Secretary of State 
 
 J shall be consid- 
 Sr| ered 
 
 y/ shall have 
 
 -A should be able to 
 
 ' '^V--. should have been 
 
 -''^ should not do 
 
 X been 
 
 per cent 
 
 peculiar circum- 
 stances of the case 
 
 should not have 
 been 
 
 should not think 
 should think 
 
 j^___^-N on my own ac- 
 ^"^ count 
 
 Nfl short space of time 
 
 cL so as to be 
 
 ^-"'x^ so as to receive 
 
142 
 
 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Advanced Phraseography. 
 
 
 I 
 
 h 
 
 4 
 K 
 
 \ 
 
 o*sy? 
 
 So many as 
 so there is not 
 
 That have been 
 
 that it may as well 
 that such is 
 that they were 
 that 's the time 
 
 that which has 
 
 been 
 that you will have 
 
 they are not 
 
 tnere is not 
 
 there can be 
 
 there could not be 
 
 there could not 
 have been 
 
 take-n into con- 
 sideration 
 
 there must be 
 
 there must have 
 
 been 
 there is not much 
 
 there ij no such 
 
 There is another 
 fact 
 
 ihere is another 
 
 <^^-^ point 
 
 here is another 
 subject 
 
 here is no more 
 
 \ 
 \ 
 
 here seems to be 
 
 here were some 
 
 here should be 
 hose who can 
 
 hough there 'is 
 ime to time 
 o as many as 
 o be able to 
 
 o be able to make 
 
 o become 
 
 o be saved from 
 
 o do something 
 o live, love 
 o as many of those 
 o which you are in 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Advanced Phraseography. 
 
 What may not 
 what were the 
 
 143 
 
 ^^ U. S. Bonds 
 V^^ U. S. Court 
 r upon it 
 
 v 
 
 I upon its own 
 
 VD Vice versa 
 )^1 Was it right 
 
 ^ was not so 
 
 /'^w was writing 
 
 Cc/ we were in 
 
 ^,_^^^ we have not 
 
 C — we may as well 
 
 (J C_ we will be glad 
 
 "^\/"^what can be the 
 ^ reason 
 
 \^ what can be the 
 
 \, what could be th 
 "^ what could they 
 
 j what is it 
 
 ^ N. what is the mattei 
 
 what Nvere their-re 
 
 what were the 
 
 reasons 
 
 C^y^ when we are 
 ^y^ which are 
 
 ly^^~^ which are neces- 
 / sary 
 
 ^"^ which cannot be 
 
 ^^ which have been 
 ^-'V which has not been 
 
 / 
 P"^ which have not 
 
 O which is, or has 
 
 Q_y\ which is now 
 
 ly\^ wnich receive 
 
 1 
 
 what's the differ- 
 ence 
 
 ■ i 
 
 which was the 
 
 sy^^ which were cer- 
 ,^ ( tain-ly 
 ^->/^ which were likely 
 
 4 
 
 which were not 
 which could be 
 
144 CnmpUte Manual of Phonography. 
 Advanced Phraseography. 
 
 r\—:3 Which will be 
 
 taken 
 A/' which you are not 
 
 kx._,.,^£y' which is not nec- 
 essary 
 
 
 who has been 
 who have been 
 who will not be 
 who were 
 
 who would no 
 
 doubt 
 
 ^ \will there be 
 
 C.^''\o w 
 
 11 not be ready 
 11 this, these 
 
 thits 
 
 th relation to 
 
 th reference to 
 which 
 th the exception 
 
 th reference to 
 
 th respect to 
 
 th regard to 
 
 Witli which it is 
 - not 
 
 ^-^ with which it 
 ^ must be 
 
 V_/«,,,^ would have been 
 
 V_^ would have to.be 
 ,>^ would rather be 
 
 ^ ^-''^ would rather be 
 
 excused 
 ^ T would make them 
 
 ■*^— ^ would no doubt 
 
 *^\__ would not have 
 
 '^N Vou were 
 
 rf V*^~'y'5" will be certain 
 
 Or >0 3 ou will be sure to 
 
 fi Vj you will think of it 
 
 'y V you will be able to 
 
 <V^ you will not be 
 
 rv^ you may not 
 /VT)<_/ you must not 
 
 n/^-X you should not be 
 
 th which it has , 
 
 been '^ you were not 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 145 
 
 INTERSECTED WORDS. 
 
 The practice of intersection, or the writing of 
 one-stroke consonant through another, is of much 
 utihty in providing the writer with a brief, dis- 
 tinctive, and easily written form for the titles of 
 public companies, officials, the names of political 
 parties, etc., all of which are usually uttered with 
 more rapidity by dictators and public speakers 
 than ordinary phrases. 
 
 A knowledge of the principles of intersection 
 will enable the student to devise similar con- 
 tractions for any very long or otherwise awkward 
 phrase which is common to the business or pro- 
 fession in which he may be engaged. When the 
 direction of the stroke will not allow of inter- 
 section, the second letter may be written close to, 
 or under, th^ first. 
 
 P, may be employed to represent Party. 
 
 B, may be employed to represent Bank. 
 
 T, may be employed to represent Committee. 
 
 D, may be employed to represent Department. 
 
 K, may be employed to represent Company. 
 
 S, may be employed to represent Society. 
 
 Ray, may be employed to represent Railroad, Ry. 
 
 Association may be represented by adding the 
 circle S and the back -tion hook. 
 
 Remember that the first word in a phrase 
 MUST occupy its own position; and unimportant 
 words, such as: the, of, and, or, by, to, etc., may 
 be omitted. Thus : for (the) sake, any part (of) 
 them, again (and) again, two (or) three, side (by) 
 side, face (to) face, from day (to) day, day (by) 
 day, etc. 
 
146 Complete Manual of Plionography. 
 
 Miscellaneous Intersected Phrases and 
 Contractions. 
 
 h^ 
 
 Act of assembly 
 Act of Congress 
 
 Assembly Cham- 
 ber 
 
 ij^aT At owner's risk 
 
 *''~\_ Adams Exp. Co. 
 /'-yy^^ .\merican Exp. Co. 
 
 \ 
 
 \ City Bank 
 
 yjr) Constitution of the 
 Y^ U. S 
 
 I ' Day by day 
 
 f> I -, Executive Com- 
 ( mittee 
 V j Fire Department 
 
 .-4-^ General Manager 
 
 ^( General Superin 
 ' tendent 
 
 Bnr Association 
 
 Board of Directors 
 
 Capital punish- 
 ment 
 
 High water mark 
 
 House of 
 
 Representatives 
 
 Matter of form 
 Member of 
 
 Congress 
 
 National Exp. Co. 
 
 National Bank 
 
 Official 
 
 Stenographer 
 
 Palace Car 
 
 Company 
 
 Passenger 
 
 Department 
 Post Master 
 
 General 
 Police 
 
 Department 
 
 President of the 
 
 U. S. 
 Secretary of State 
 
 Secretary of War 
 Stock Exchange 
 
 U. S. Express Co. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 147 
 Writing Exercise. 
 
 (Words Connected by a hyphen are to be phrased. Wur.ds 
 in parentheses are to be omitted.) 
 
 The Vital Factor, in-adding to-the world's 
 stores, is-labor. Thank-God every-day-you-live, 
 for-the-strength and-the-opportunity to-work. No 
 matter what - position you - may-have-inherited, 
 or-how much-money you-may-have secured, life 
 will-become hollow for-you unless you-are-at 
 work. It - makes - no - difference whether - your- 
 work-is mental or-manual, whether-it-makes-sof t 
 hands or-rough, whether you-are a captain or (a) 
 private in-the ranks (of the) employed. It-is- 
 the-sure, strong, sweet-law (of) Nature, that-one- 
 is- happy if -his mind is - well-adjusted to-the- 
 subject of-labor; and-if his head, and-his-hands, 
 are-adding something to-the-sum (of the) world's 
 accumulation. 
 
 WORK, the steady, persistent-doing of things, 
 upon a workable plan, is-the foundation of all 
 ordinary accomplishments. If-you-get-the idea 
 that-things-which you have studied in-the-books 
 are-sufficient to enable-you to-get on-without- 
 this persistent doing of things, your-case-is- 
 hopeless. If-you have-acquired habits of-life, 
 and-ways of living, which unfit-you for-engaging 
 in-this serious labor, it-is a great-pity you ever- 
 went to college. Still the average college-person- 
 has an advantage over-the average other-person, 
 if-his-head-is straight on-the work question. If- 
 ,it-is-not. then his college-degree makes-his-fail- 
 ure, unfortvmately, the more (con)spicuous. 
 
148 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 LAW PHRASES. 
 
 _f t^^ Actual damage 
 
 \j— ^ affidavit and order 
 
 > articles of 
 
 ^ agreement 
 
 % — \ as to the matter . 
 
 Q< — ^ as to this matter 
 
 N^^" Bankruptcy Court 
 
 XJ ^- before him, or me 
 
 V-^. being duly sworn 
 
 \ Beneficial estate 
 
 \^ Bill of sale 
 
 l^ 
 
 by this action 
 by this Court 
 
 N 
 
 Called for the 
 
 defendant 
 
 Called for the 
 Cj^r plaintiff 
 
 ^^~\j Called on his own 
 behalf 
 
 .Criminal Court 
 
 Court of Records 
 
 c — ''^ Criminal 
 
 cV Jurisprudence 
 
 \ Deed of Trust 
 
 \_^P^ Circuit Court 
 
 ^,^\^^^jcircumstantial 
 
 evidence 
 'v^_y common jury 
 
 ^^7^ common law 
 
 ~^^ County Clerk 
 
 — ^_^ County Court 
 
 '~~^l^ County Treasurer 
 
 p Counsel for the 
 
 ^ defendant 
 
 — P Counsel for the 
 "* plaintiff 
 
 " ^V Counsel for the 
 
 ^S--' prisoner 
 
 ■ — 6 \ -> Counsel for the 
 ° prosecution 
 
 *^^ Court of 
 
 ^ Bankruotcy 
 
 r-r ,— X Court of Claims 
 Court of Equity 
 
 J Court of 
 > D Court of 
 
 a' 
 
 Court of general 
 
 sessions 
 Justice 
 
 special 
 sessions 
 
 SFor the plaintiff 
 7" for this action 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 149 
 
 Law Phrases. 
 
 ^^ Defendant's 
 
 '^^^ testimony 
 
 1 
 
 Direct evidence 
 
 *—(r~^ Direct examina- 
 
 Ltion 
 District Attorney 
 £^-c — District Court 
 
 l^^o 
 
 Documentary 
 
 evidence 
 Federal Court 
 
 s_ 
 
 do you mean to say 
 
 Fiduciary capacity 
 
 __^ final decree 
 
 V^ for defendant 
 
 judgment for the 
 plaintiff 
 --x May it please the 
 
 Q~(i motion to dismiss 
 ^^~'i '. motion granted 
 
 ^2x4 motion denied 
 
 motion sustained 
 mansl. rghter 
 Next of kin 
 
 Y 
 f 
 
 /^ Grand Jury 
 
 o\i A^Habeas Corpus 
 ^"^-Pft__p Heirs, executors, 
 
 cr^ In this Court 
 
 / Joint Stock 
 VL, Company 
 
 A_^ Judicial Sale 
 
 / Justice of the 
 
 ^yj peace 
 
 \ Objection 
 
 (y sustained 
 
 \v objected to by the 
 / defendant 
 
 ^ objected to hf the 
 
 V^ plaintiff 
 
 ^^ offered in evidence 
 
 J— 1> Plaintiff's Counsel 
 
 y^ Petit Jury 
 - ^— Of this Court 
 
 For this Court 
 
 General terms 
 
 Gentlemen of the 
 jury 
 Goods and Chat- 
 tels 
 
 administrators, 
 and assigns 
 fn this action 
 
Plaintiff's 
 
 testinior,\ 
 
 
 Trust fund 
 
 150 Complete Manual of Phonography 
 Law Phrases. 
 
 $_ plaintiff's witness 
 \^^^~ Police Court 
 
 \yAj Power of Attorne> 
 
 C_^ Prisoner at the Bar 
 ^ — '^"^ k^ait Claim 
 
 ^,^ Real Estate 
 
 Rebutting 
 ^'^jL testimon) 
 
 J- f> ..Re-cross 
 
 -^ examination 
 
 y'ly' Right of way 
 
 y Special jury 
 
 \ Special license 
 
 0^-^ Slate whether or 
 ly^ not 
 
 9sq Summary proceed 
 
 \y^ Superior Court 
 
 V ^ Surrogate's Court 
 ^V..^^_ Supreme Court 
 
 Tax deed 
 
 ihat this action 
 
 Testimony of the 
 defendant 
 
 Testimony of the 
 plaintiff 
 
 that this Court 
 
 
 Sworn and 
 
 examined! 
 
 Np^ Under.the circum- 
 U stances of the 
 
 case 
 Verdict for the 
 
 defendant 
 Verdict for the 
 
 plaintiff 
 
 ~7/ Verdict of the jury 
 \/o Voluntfiry 
 
 V^,^ conveyance 
 
 ^/O Warrant of 
 
 t / attorney 
 
 f A Where di vou 
 ^^M ' reside 
 
 Q^ Where is your 
 ^^ NL^ place of business 
 
 ^ What is your 
 
 ^^ business 
 
 C^ Will and 
 
 . testament 
 
 y^^^ln "^Vrongful posses- 
 
 / ^ sion 
 
 ^ With.ut prejudice 
 
 P State to the jury \'^ ^'^'' ''"■ 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 151 
 LEGAL FORMS. 
 
 ROBERT JONES ^ 
 
 vs. PETITION. 
 
 SARAH JONES. J 
 
 To the Supreme Court of the State of Texas. 
 The petition of Sarah Jones, defendant above 
 named, respectfully shows: — 
 
 I. That the plaintiff, Robert Jones, has com- 
 menced action by the service of a summons and 
 complaint on your petitioner to obtain judgment 
 and separation between him and the petitioner, 
 and that your petitioner has answered, denvnng 
 all the material allegations in said complaint, ex- 
 cept the allegation as to the marriage between 
 this petitioner and the said plaintiff. 
 
 II. That said plaintiff has left your petitioner 
 and ceased to provide for her support, and your 
 petitioner is destitute of the means of supporting 
 herself, pending this action, or carrying on her ^ 
 defense thereto, and defraying the costs and ex- 
 penses attending the same. 
 
 III. That the said plaintiff has real and per- 
 sonal property to a large amount, and amply suf- 
 ficient to enable him to advance therefrom to the 
 above mentioned purpose, and in particular, has 
 money in bank, and owns house and lot on Jack- 
 son Street, in the city of Paris, worth, over and 
 above incumbrances, the sum of five thousand 
 dollars. 
 
 WHEREFORE, Your petitioner prays that 
 an order be made requuiring said plaintiff to pay 
 her a reasonable sum for her support and main- 
 tenance during the pendency of this action, and 
 
152 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 such sums as may be necessary to enable her lo 
 carry on her defense in this action and to defray 
 the necessary expenses and costs thereof, and 
 such other and further order as may be just. 
 (258 words.) Sarah Jones. 
 
 Dated, December 11, 1905. 
 
 DEBTOR'S PETITION. 
 
 To the Honorable Jesse M. Brown, 
 Judge of the District Court of the United States. 
 
 The petition of H. M. Davis, of Springfield, 
 in the County of Green, and District and State of 
 .Missouri, engaged in the wholesale stove business, 
 respectfully represents : — 
 
 That he has had his principal place of business 
 (or has had his domicile) for the greater portion 
 of six months immediately preceding the filing 
 of this petition at Springfield, within the judicial 
 district ; that he owes delDts which he is unable to 
 pay in full ; that he is willing to surrender all his 
 property for the benefit of his creditors, except 
 such as is exempt by law, and desires to obtain 
 the benefit of the act of Congress relating to 
 bankruptcy. 
 
 That the schedule hereto annexed, marked 
 "A," and verified by your petitioner's oath, con- 
 tains (as far as it is possible to ascertain) the 
 names and places of residence of his creditors, 
 and such further statements concerning said debts 
 as are required by the provisions of said act. 
 
 That the schedule hereto annexed, marked 
 "B," and verified by your petitioner's oath, con- 
 tains an accurate inventory of all his property. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 153 
 
 both real and personal, and such further state- 
 ments concerning his property as are required by 
 the provisions of said act; that no part of said 
 debt has been paid, except seventy-five dollars 
 ($75), June I, 1904, and sixty-five dollars (565), 
 March i, 1905; and that deponent has not, nor 
 has any person to his order, or to his knowledge 
 ot belief, for his use, had or received any manner 
 of security for said debts whatsoever. (290 
 words.) 
 
 Henry M. Davis, Debtor. 
 
 IvEGAIv CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 (I) 
 Mr. Edward King, 
 
 Detroit, Mich. 
 Dear Sir: — We have succeeded in getting the 
 Brown vs. Jones case postponed for a hearing 
 until the October term. It is marked for trial 
 now for Tuesday, October 7th, at which time we 
 expect it will be reached. We wish to see you a 
 few days before that time for conference and full 
 preparation for the case. (56) 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 (2) 
 Messrs. Hunter & Co., 
 Covington, Ky. 
 Gentlemen: — Your esteemed favor of the 31st 
 ult. is at hand. We will immediately place the 
 attachment, by trustee process, upon the funds 
 in Mr. Brown's hands belonging to the Shoe Com- 
 pany, and also attach their account in the Na- 
 tional Bank of that city, for whatever there may 
 be in it. We will place the minimum of the writ 
 
154 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 at ^10,000, as we think this will cover your 
 claim, and, at any rate, be sufficient to cover all 
 you would realize from the two sources. (87) 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 (3) 
 Messrs. Simpson & Co., 
 Joplin, Mo. 
 Gentlemen : — An act of the Legislature of this 
 State proVides, in substance, that it is unlawful 
 for a person or persons to carry on business under 
 the name of a firm or corporation that does not 
 express the name of at least one of the per- 
 sons owning or carrying on the same, unless a 
 proper certificate be filed. This law is but little 
 known, and the results of non-compliance are so 
 far-reaching that we! have taken the liberty of 
 notifying, in addition to our regular clients, others 
 similarly situated. (90) 
 
 Very respectfully. 
 
 Mr. J. M. Jones, (4) 
 
 St. Joseph, Mo. 
 Dear Sir: — -In reference to the above claim, 
 the defendants were burned out February 2d. 
 At the time they were owing heavily, their debts 
 amounting to .?i 5,000. A wholesale house of 
 Kansas City brought suit against them in the 
 United States Court. What stock they had 
 saved from the fire, and also their insurance, was 
 attached by the plaintiff". If they had been let 
 alone, they would have been able to pay every- 
 body ; but now they are out of business, and their 
 property is tied up. Your claim is a bad one. 
 However, if you desire judgment taken, please 
 advise us. (no) 
 
 Yours trulv, 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 155 
 
 (5) 
 A. B. Morse & Co., 
 
 Seattle, Wash. 
 Gentlemen: — Referring to your suit against 
 James Allen for possession of the 5th and Western 
 Avenue corner, we are somewhat perplexed by 
 the fact that, at the time you purchased the prop- 
 erty, Allen was in actual possession, and the at- 
 torney representing him claims that this fact was 
 sufficient to put you on your guard, and was a 
 notice to you that he held possession of the land 
 by some title, and that you should have ascer- 
 tained what the title was before buying. This 
 seems to us to be a statement of correct principles, 
 and one which you will have difficulty in getting 
 over, (no) 
 
 Truly yours, 
 
 Mr. E. F. Smith, (6) 
 
 Buffalo, N. Y. 
 Dear Sir :^The first of the Howe & Co. gar- 
 nishment case, which was filed for trial to-day, 
 came up, and after a short examination of the 
 witnesses, the jury promptly rendered a verdict in 
 our favor. I am rather inclined to the opinion 
 that the balance of the garnishments will be 
 dropped, for the reason that Brown, who is 
 counsel for the defendant, I feel quite confident, 
 is fully satisfied that there is nothing in the gar- 
 nishment, and that the claim of Howe is valid and 
 will stick. You might, in a few days, see our 
 friends in Buffalo, and see how they feel about 
 going any further with the matter; because, if 
 they insist on going to trial, we might as well begin 
 taking testimony, and get ready. With best 
 wishes, I am, (133) 
 
 Truly yours, 
 
156 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 (7) 
 Mr. D. J. Hunter, 
 Bangor, Me. 
 Dear Sir: — In reference to claim 262, yours of 
 the 2d and two telegrams received. They are 
 for prompt action, which we hope is in time. We 
 have to-day exchanges for indemnifying bonds. 
 As requested, we look to you for anything further 
 required in regard to the character of the par- 
 ties. We think this to be, as 3'ou say, an effort 
 to beat the plaintiff. Should any summary 
 measures be necessary, you will not hesitate to 
 push it with the utmost vigor. We see no al- 
 ternative but a vigorous suit. Please report to 
 us promptly. (96) 
 
 Yours trulv, 
 
 (8) 
 Dear Sir: — In regard to your claim as one of 
 the heirs of Sarah Bates, deceased, I have made 
 careful examination into the matter, and would 
 reply to your inquiry as follows : The only prop- 
 erty owned by Sarah Bates, in which by any pos- 
 sibility you may be interested, is such property 
 as was bequeathed to Mr. Jacob Ryan, in trust 
 for testator's brothers, sisters, and descendants. 
 According to the letter of Mr. Baker, registrar, 
 no inventory of the property was filed, and there 
 can be no one who can state from his memory ex- 
 actly what such property was. Mr. Baker be- 
 lieves that the land was all the property. If this 
 be true, the question of value is easily determined, 
 by the price for it at the time, to-wit : ^6,000. 
 Supposing, then, for the sake of illustration, that 
 your claim was for 56, 000 and interest since 1842, 
 the UL-xt question is. How may that claim be col- 
 lected ? It is impossible to pursue t^ie land itself. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 157 
 
 even if you could find it. Twenty years' inverse 
 possession will vest an indefeasible title in what- 
 ever that land may now stand. The personal 
 estate cannot be traced, and was undoubtedly 
 taken by the executor. Our only hope of re- 
 covering anything in this matter is to bring suit 
 for fraud and embezzlement against the executor, 
 McQuery; but McQuery is dead, and claims 
 against his estate for torts outlaw in ten years, 
 under the Canadian law. That ten years has 
 already expired. Consequently, I think your 
 claim is worthless. I assure you that if anything 
 new arises, I will give it my earnest and best at- 
 tention ; but, under the facts as they are, I must 
 respectfully decline to give any more time to the 
 consideration of your claim. (300 words.) 
 Respectfully yours. 
 
 SUGGESTIONS 
 
 Regarding Details of Actual Court Work, 
 
 Which should be carefully observed by the 
 student, who should not only read and study 
 them from a standpoint of theory, but master 
 them in minutest detail by taking the testimony 
 in the following case from dictation, and making 
 transcripts, with title-page, caption, and index, 
 until it can be done accurately, neatly, and quick- 
 ly. Notes should be indexed so that anything 
 in them can be found readily. Make full tran- 
 script on legal-length paper several times, and 
 put them together properly with fasteners, ready 
 for delivery, until you are confident that you can 
 furnish a neat, well-prepared, and satisfactory 
 transcript. 
 
 Note. — These articles may, from time to time, be dic- 
 tated to the student as new matter. 
 
158 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Reporters' Habits. 
 
 Confidence is the cornerstone of success as a 
 ready and accurate reader. Some persons who 
 are really competent from lack of confidence un- 
 derrate their capabilities, which tends to unnerve 
 and confuse them. Such persons should culti- 
 vate the feeling that they are as proficient as 
 others, and believe what others can do they can 
 do. Steady nerves and a "cool head" are the 
 essentials, and depend largely on habits. 
 
 If the stenographer is called upon to read his 
 notes and has to spend much time in "finding 
 the place," he will become confused, if at all sen- 
 sitive to criticism. Make it an invariable rule to 
 READ EVERYTHING YOU WRITE. 
 
 Finding Testimony, Indexing Notes. 
 
 Experience has shown that certain expedients 
 may be used for finding any given portion of tes- 
 timony, facilitating the ease in reading. 
 
 The note-book should have marginal lines 
 about three-fourths of an inch from the left-hand 
 edge, and the beginning of each question only 
 should be written to the left of that line. 
 
 A simple method of indexing is to write the 
 name of each witness in longhand, as follows: 
 Turn up the end of the first leaf before you, about 
 three inches, and write the name of the witness 
 on the first line at the bottom of the page or 
 under-side, and turn it back as it was at first; 
 then, holding the leaf down with the left hand, 
 take hold of the right-hand corner of the leaf and 
 fold over to the left until the bottom of the leaf, 
 on which is written the name, extends about 
 three-quarters of an inch past the left-hand edge 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 159 
 
 of the tablet, with the edges parallel. Crease it 
 with the right hand and turn the leaf forward, 
 and begin writing the testimony on the next page. 
 Cross-examination, re-direct examination, re- 
 called, plaintiff rests, defendant rests, rebuttal of 
 plaintiff, rebuttal of defendant, and everything in 
 the testimony that can be indexed should be 
 treated in the same way. 
 
 If called upon to read, ascertain exactly what 
 is wanted, and bring the leaves of the note-book 
 back, and your index will be in front of you. 
 Look over the items until you find the one wanted, 
 when you can open your tablet to the right place. 
 
 By this method your tablet is neatly indexed 
 when you are through with it; but it can only be 
 written on one side ; otherwise the pages must be 
 numbered and the index written on a separate 
 piece of paper. This same method may be used 
 in commercial work to good advantage, and the 
 notes filed away for future reference. 
 
 Inserting Opinions. 
 
 _ The stenographer should seldom insert his 
 own opinion of distance or measurements in the 
 record until he has requested witness, court, or 
 counsel to state it, and, if necessary to do so, he 
 should insert in parentheses the distance or 
 measurement indicated by the witness; but if 
 this can be determined with approximate ac- 
 curacy, a stoppage should not be caused in the 
 proceedings. Never unnecessarily interrupt the 
 proceeding; but bring the whole legal machinery 
 to a complete standstill if necessarv to make the 
 record ABSOLUTELY CORRECT^ Always use 
 parentheses when putting in your own opinion 
 or language by way of explanation. 
 
160 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 OujECTioNS, Rulings, and Exceptions. 
 
 There is nothing in the reporter's record so 
 important to the appellant as the careful and 
 proper recording of objections, rulings, and ex- 
 ceptions. It is because of these that cases are 
 appealed and reviewed by superior courts. Ob- 
 jections are formal and must be fully stated, and, 
 when ruled upon, must be excepted to. 
 
 Forms of objections are variously stated, and 
 much depends on the intelligence of the report- 
 er to put them in proper form. The following 
 is a common manner of putting an objection : 
 "Objected to as irrelevant, incompetent, and 
 immaterial." 
 
 Having made a general objection, the counsel, 
 during the argument, may urge upon the court 
 additional grounds of objection, and may or may 
 not intimate to the stenographer that he desires 
 the same added to the objection already stated. 
 In either case the objection ought to appear, be- 
 cause the court may sustain it on those grounds. 
 The stenographer may, where objections are 
 general, and made to several successive questions, 
 just write, "Objected to same as before," or 
 "Same objection." The decision of the court in 
 passing upon an objection is termed 
 
 Thr Ruling, 
 
 and is generally stated as follows: "I sustain 
 (or overrule) the objection," or "Sustained," or 
 "Overruled," or "The witness may answer," or 
 "I will allow the question." No matter in what 
 form of language the court announces his ruling, 
 if the witness is allowed to answer, the objection 
 is overruled, and if not allowed to answer, the ob- 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 161 
 
 jection is sustained. The ruling need not be in the 
 precise language of the court, but the stenogra- 
 pher may write, "Objection overruled," or "Sus- 
 tained," as the case-may be. If, however, the 
 court before or after its ruling states its reasons 
 therefor, sometimes termed "holding of the 
 court," they should be reported verbatim. 
 Sometimes propositions are stated to be held bv 
 the court . in informal language, which should 
 be properly worded by the stenographer in his 
 transcript. 
 
 The noting of exceptions, while merely formal, 
 in fact, must be stated in the record to become 
 available, and must be taken at the time. 
 
 The following is a common form of stating an 
 exception: "To which plaintiff (or 'defendant) 
 duly excepted at the time." 
 
 Transcription. 
 
 Transcribe the following case several times on 
 full-length legal paper, placing Q. at o, and A. 
 wherever it happens to come. Make the para- 
 graph proper at 3 and the sub-paragraph at 4. 
 
 TESTIMONY IN THE SHORT CASE. 
 
 In the Circuit Court of the County of Barton. 
 St'ate of Missouri, September Term. 1905. 
 
 Edward and Tillie Short, "] 
 By their friend, George | 
 
 ^^°^^' [ SUIT FOR DAMAGE. 
 
 \s. I 
 
 Kansas Citv, Fort Scott I 
 & Gulf R.^R. Co. j 
 
162 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 Lamar, Mo., Sept. 15, 1905. 
 
 BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the 15th day 
 of September, A. D. 1905, this cause coming 
 on to be heard before John P. Nelson, Judge 
 of the Circuit Court of Barton County, and a 
 jury, the following proceedings were had, 
 to-wit : 
 
 The plaintififs, to sustain the issue on their part, 
 offered evidence as follows : 
 
 George Short, being duly sworn and examined as 
 as a witness on the part of the plaintiffs, of- 
 fered evidence as follows : 
 
 DIRECT EXAMINATION. 
 
 By Mr. Evans 
 
 Q. How old are you? A. Twenty-five years old. 
 
 Q. What relation are you, if any, to the plaintiffs, 
 
 Edward and Tillie Short? A. I am a 
 
 " 'brother. 
 
 Q. How old is your brother, Edward Short? A. 
 
 f He is seventeen years old. 
 Q. How old is your sister, Tillie Short? A. vShe 
 
 is thirteen years old. 
 Q. Who is the next older than Tillie? 
 
 Objected to by the counsel for the defendant 
 as irrelevant and incompetent. Overruled. 
 To which ruling the defendant, by its counsel, 
 then and there duly excepted at the time. 
 A. Edward. 
 Q. Where did your father reside? A. A mile 
 
 southwest of Liberal. 
 Q. Do you know whether he w-as in the town of 
 Liberal on the night of December 24th, 
 last? A. Yes, sir, he was there. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 163 
 
 Q. Do you know whether he was expecting any 
 
 one to arrive on the train? A. Yes, sir, he 
 
 was. 
 Q. Where was the person coming from that he 
 
 was expecting? A. From the Territory. 
 O. How many railroads are there in the town of 
 
 Liberal? A. Two. 
 Q. Did your father know which road he was in- 
 tending to come on? A. I can't say. 
 Q. What time that night did you last see your 
 
 father alive, and where was he? A. Well, 
 
 I think it was about half past eight, perhaps 
 
 later. 
 Q. Did you make any search for him after that? 
 
 A. Yes, sir, I did. 
 Q. About what time did you make the search? 
 
 A. Why it was just about ten o'clock. 
 Q. Where did you go ? A. I went down to the 
 
 crossing and to the stopping post west of it . 
 Q. Did you find your father there? A. No, sir. 
 Q, Do you know whether or not your father was 
 
 drinking somewhat that night? A. Why, 
 
 I suppose he was; yes, sir. 
 
 CROSS-EXAMINATION. 
 
 By Mr. Hamilton — 
 
 Q. Where was your father at half past eight that 
 evening, the time you say was the last time 
 you saw him? A. It was about eight 
 o'clock, I think. He was going north up 
 Main Street. 
 
 Q. Was he with anybody? A. No, sir, he was 
 alone. 
 
 Q. Did you notice where he went? A. I did not ^ 
 
164 Complete Manual of Photwgraphi/. 
 
 Q. You didn't go beyond the stopping- post? A. 
 Yes, sir, we went 20 or 30 feet beyond it, so 
 that I could see that he was not on either 
 side of the track there. 
 
 RE-DIRECT EXAMINATION. 
 
 By Mr. Evans — 
 
 Q. Who did you say went down there with you? 
 
 A. My cousin. 
 Q. The one that came in on the train? A. Yes, 
 
 sir. 
 Q. Why did you and your cousin go down to look 
 for your father? A. I just went down: I 
 said: "We'll go down and see if father 
 knows you. He thinks you are coming on 
 the train. If he is very drunk, he will look 
 on all the trains." 
 Objected to by counsel for the defendant as 
 incompetent and immateria . 
 By Mr. Evans: — They draw out the fact as to 
 what he went there for, and I want to know 
 why he went there. Overruled. To which 
 ruling the defendant, by its counsel, then and 
 there duly excepted at the time. 
 O. What is the condition of the railroad track on 
 the K. C. F. S. & G. Railroad where this 
 stopping-post west of the crossing is? Ex- 
 plain how" the road lies there ; what condi- 
 tion it is in, and all about it. A. I could 
 not state what condition it was in then; I 
 guess it is in a very good condition. 
 
 W. E. Kelly, being duly sworn and examined as a 
 witness on the part of the plaintiffs, testified 
 as follows : 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 165 
 
 DIRECT EXAMINATION. 
 By Mr. Evans — 
 
 Q. Where do you reside? A. At Fort Scott, 
 Kansas. 
 
 Q. What is your business? A. lyocomotive en- 
 gineer. 
 
 Q. Where do you run now? A. I am running 
 between Kansas City and Springfield. 
 
 Q. Did you, as an engineer, have control of an 
 engine pulling freight train No. 49, over 
 this road, on the night of the 24th of Decem- 
 ber last ? A . Yes, sir. 
 
 Q Do you remember, Mr. Kelly, whether or not 
 you stopped the train before j^ou passed 
 over the railroad crossing at Liberal? A. 
 Yes, sir, I stopped at the stopping-post. 
 
 Q. How soon did you start your train after you 
 had come to a stop? A. Well, right away; 
 my recollection is that I started right up. 
 
 CROSS-EXAMINATION. 
 By Mr. Hamilton— 
 
 Q. I understood you to say that you saw a pile 
 of ashes somewhere, in front of you, not far 
 from the stopping-post. A. Yes, sir. 
 
 Q. What were you doing there as you drew your 
 train over the Missouri Pacific track? A. 
 Was looking up the M. P. track, to the right 
 and left; looking out for my train. 
 
 Q. I will ask you if it is customary to clean out 
 ashes at that place? A. Yes, sir; at any 
 time or place where we can stop. 
 
166 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 RE-DIRECT EXAMINATION. 
 
 By Mr. Evans — 
 
 Q. I understand you to say that this object was 
 a pile of ashes, or did you only suppose it 
 to be one? A. I supposed it to be one. 
 
 Q. I understood you to say that this object which 
 you supposed to be a pile of ashes, when you 
 got closer you supposed it to be a garment ? 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 RE-CROSS-EXAMINATION. 
 By Mr. Hamilton— 
 Q. You say you mistook one of these ash piles or 
 
 spots for the body of Short? A. Yes, sir. 
 Q. How near were you before you discovered the 
 mistake? A. About nine or ten feet. 
 The plaintiffs here rested their case. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 107 
 
 Testimoay in the Short Case. 
 
 y. u v.^^ )^ *> V S^ vy^M^^j v^t 
 
 ^zx 
 
 ^^-^,^--^ o -^^^ ly, (^^^ 
 
 Ltf-::) \ tr-x ^^-V^ X 
 
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 4^ 
 
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 y^ 
 
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 1^ 
 
 
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 >^^-^ 
 
 n N 
 
 °/^" — ^ — 
 
 W. O.K. 
 
168 Oornphte Manual of PTionograpJiy. 
 
 Testimony in the Short Case. 
 
 1^ V 
 
 u 
 
 i_J^ 
 
 \r^/\y^-\ 
 
 Lii 
 
 ?r 
 
 ^- 
 
 x/ 
 
 IX 
 
 4 
 
 ^ C v^^V.. 
 
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 fv 
 
 s-(-^ 
 
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 Vo 
 
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 ^ 
 
 vc^-^ 
 
 Vi 
 
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 ^^ 
 
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 4 
 
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 Vw^^X 
 
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CnwpJrfr ManiKil of PlmnograpJiy. 100 
 
 A SUKMUN. 
 
 NO PLACE OF REPENTANCE.— "I.ook 
 diligently, lest there be any profane person, as 
 Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birth- 
 right. I'^or ye know how that afterward, when 
 he would have inherited the blessing, he was re- 
 jected; for he found no place of repentance, 
 though he sought it carefully with tears." — 
 Hebrews xxii. 16-17. 
 
 This passage recalls to our minds the days of 
 Jacob and Esau. One day Jacob was standing 
 over a caldron of savory pottage, and the ap- 
 petizing odor filled the air. At that moment 
 who should come in but Esau, faint with the 
 hunger of a hunter, and the sight and smell were 
 quite enough to convince him that Jacob's prep- 
 aration would be suitable to stay his cravings, and 
 he asked Jacob for some of it. 
 
 Now, Jacob was not wholly a selfish man, but 
 it occurred to him that this would be a good way 
 of winning the right to the spiritual leader of the 
 clan. He made the proposal to Esau to ex- 
 change the mess 'of pottage for the birthright. 
 Esau accepted the proposal, and Jacob gave him 
 bread and pottage, and he did eat and drink, and 
 went his way. Now, as for Esau, we can never 
 forget the words of the Scripture: "Look dili- 
 gently, lest there be any profane person, as Esau 
 who for one morsel of meat sold his birthright."' 
 Yet let us, in c6ndemning him across the ages, 
 look close at home. How many are there among 
 ourselves, born into this .world with splendid tal- 
 ents, inheritances, and of noble names; heirs to 
 vast estates ; gifted with name and fame, and with 
 promises of usefulness, — who yet fling away all 
 
170 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 A SerinoQ. 
 
 ^ I ^ ) -C^^ • — r3 ^ ^ On. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 171 
 
 these possibilities of blessing and blessedness for 
 one plunge into the pool of selfish and sensual 
 indulgence ! 
 
 When Esau saw that God had taken him at 
 his word and had taken away from him the birth- 
 right of spiritual primacy, "He cried with an 
 exceeding bitter cry." (Gen. xxvii. 34.) But 
 that cry came too late to alter the consequences 
 of his rash act. "He found no place of repent- 
 ance" (no way to change his father's decision), 
 "though he sought it carefully with tears." 
 
 "No place of repentance!" Oh! how many 
 hearts those words have wrung the knell of hope. 
 As the heart-broken sinner has reviewed a blight- 
 ed past with bitter tears and cries ; the adversary 
 of souls has whispered that he has sinned too 
 deeply for repentance and wandered too far to 
 return; and he has backed the insinuation with 
 those terrible words: "NO PLACE OF RE- 
 PENTANCE." 
 
 And is it so? Is it possible for a soul on this 
 side of death to reach a position where tears, 
 cries, and prayers will strike against the brazen 
 heavens and rebound only an echo? It cannot 
 be. Is it possible that a man could become 
 too callous and hard to desire salvation? This is 
 the sin unto death ; this is the sin that hath never 
 forgiveness, and it has no forgiveness because the 
 sinner does not desire to seek it. But it is im- 
 possible for a person to desire to repent and not 
 find a ready help in the grace of the Holy Ghost. 
 It is impossible for a person to seek forgiveness 
 with bitter tears and not obtain it. It is impos- 
 sible for a person to knock at the door of mercy 
 and not find it open at last, though after long 
 
172 Cnrtiplefe Manual of Phnnnfjraphy. 
 
 
 A SeniiOD. 
 
 
 \ 
 \ 
 
 
 
 
 ^-0 
 
 Xo''— 1 ^ ^°, C,^ r~^ \rr.^ 
 
 / VI.D.K. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. ITo 
 
 delay. "All manner of sin and blasphemy shall 
 be forgiven unto men." 
 
 In point of fact, these desires and tears and 
 prayers are blessed symptoms that the work of 
 grace and forgiveness has begun within the soul. 
 They are not of men, or of the will of the flesh, 
 but of God. But when God puts His hand to the 
 plow in the human heart, He never looks back. 
 
 But the repentance mentioned here is not re- 
 pentance to salvation, but the power of reverting 
 the past. Esau could not undo what he had 
 done. He had long despised his birthright. 
 That act of surrender was not a solitary one, but 
 the outcome of a state of heart. It simply re- 
 vealed thoughts that had long been admitted 
 guests in the inner chamber of his being. But 
 when once this tempter had taken effect in a 
 definite promise, asseverated by an oath, God 
 held him to it ; yes, 5s ature too ; and he could not 
 alter it by his tears or bitter cries. 
 
 The sinful past is irrevocable. Eve might 
 bitterly regret her choice; but as she stood with 
 Adam outside the cherub-guarded gate, with the 
 faded rose in her hand, of which rabbis tell us, 
 her bitter regrets could not replace the apple on 
 the tree, or reinstate her in the golden bowers of 
 Paradise. Peter went out and w^ept bitterly, but 
 those tears of uncontrollable anguish could not 
 recall the words of denial, or blot out from his 
 memory that look of pain. The virgins might 
 beat their breasts in bitter self-reproach, but no 
 complaints, however pitiable, could reverse the 
 decision of the Bridegroom's lips. We all know 
 this. We remember bursts of passion which have 
 broken hearts and sundered ties of love. 
 
 In the Garden of Gethsemane our Lord said 
 
174 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 A Sermon. 
 
 
 /^ 
 
 'U 
 
 
 ^.^"1.,^/-^ ^ 
 
 >!r:i:r7v 
 
 c. 
 
 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 175 
 
 scornfully to the chosen three: "Sleep on now, 
 and take your rest." But He instantly added: 
 "Arise, let us be going." In the first sentence 
 He taught the irrevocableness of the past. They 
 might as well sleep, for any good watching would 
 do now. 
 
 So shall it ever be. He will not mention 
 the past, but will give us a fair showing in 
 the decisions of the future. 
 
 —By Dr. F. B. Mybr. 
 
 BUSINESS AND TECHNICAL WORDS. 
 
 In compiling the following list of words, it is 
 the aim of the author to encompass only the com- 
 mon terminology of the business world, omitting 
 all exceptional words. 
 
 The only true foundation for a student to 
 build upon is a thorough mastery of the simple 
 and ordinary words of business life, leaving time 
 and experience to gradually develop him in a 
 knowledge of extraordinary and unusual words. 
 
 Many of the most common words in every-day 
 life are most difficult of formation in shorthand 
 and present the most awkward outlines; hence a 
 second reason for introducing so many short and 
 familiar words. The student will find the short- 
 hand outlines of such words of incalculable value 
 to him. 
 
 The student is advised to practice each outline 
 carefull)^ until he can write it readily and read it 
 at sight, without the slightest hesitation. We do 
 not mean by this that he should commit them to 
 memory, but for mental as well as muscular ex- 
 ercise. If you learn to think quick, you will have 
 no trouble in writing shorthand rapidly, for the 
 hand will always keep pace with the brain. 
 
176 Complete Manual of Phonograph/. 
 Synopsis of Words ix General Use. 
 
 A 
 
 \l)undant 
 ^_^~^ ahnonnal 
 — ^^ accessory 
 A accc|)tal)lc 
 
 '^ j accredited 
 
 accounlaiit 
 
 ~^., 
 
 iccuracy 
 iccuratelv 
 
 C-j acquaint 
 
 \ acquiesce 
 
 / adjustment 
 
 \p aforesaid 
 
 ^_y\ agency 
 
 <=*^ aggregate 
 
 ^ anticipate 
 
 \jp appliances . 
 
 V^^ assortment 
 
 J associate 
 
 / attorney 
 
 ^ Balustrade 
 » ■ J bargain 
 
 \ battery 
 \y{ barrel 
 
 X_ beneru 
 
 ^—7 b.v|ueatli 
 \^ billiard 
 
 > bitumen 
 
 V— ^ blackboard 
 
 \ ^ 
 
 V_^ bonanza 
 
 H bondage 
 \— -X> bookkeeper 
 
 )i . broadcloth 
 
 \^ bravery 
 \— 7 brokerage 
 
 ^V^ bristle 
 jf^ Brussels 
 
 \^ bulletin 
 
 \^_A buoyancy 
 
 C 
 Cablegram 
 
 ^"^=— calculate 
 " ^ candidate 
 
 \^ canvasser 
 
 ^Y carriage 
 
 _y^-^ cashmere 
 
 o-V certify 
 ^-f"^ censured 
 
 C_-y challenge 
 l^^ chargeable 
 ^ che\iot 
 
 clearance 
 V collateral 
 
 
 comparison 
 
 competitor 
 
 concern 
 
 l^ continuous 
 
 *^~L-. criticise 
 
 y^ customary 
 
Complete Manual of Phomgraphy. 
 
 VOCAHULARY. 
 
 177 
 
 E 
 Eccentric 
 
 P^ Decidedly *— 
 
 L— J deduction '^""^ enclosure 
 
 U- definitely i^-^ encourage 
 
 Uv^ demurrage '^-^— energetic 
 k depreciate Ira endowment 
 
 l/\^ derivative ^^-'^^ enormous 
 
 U^ determine "^ enunciate 
 
 I director ^-n/ embargo 
 
 'J Q disburse 
 J V^ discovery 
 
 (j— \ discrepit 
 
 I dispelled 
 
 ^^^^ diverted 
 
 L dividend 
 L_,^ document 
 ^ drawee 
 
 I dray age 
 
 I dubious 
 
 \^ duplicate 
 
 embezzle 
 Vy equivalent 
 
 ^ ' erroneous 
 J estate 
 
 ^-^ evidently 
 ■--a-^^ exactness 
 - o o executive 
 ___,^^^exemplary 
 ' — ^ exhibit 
 
 — r^^\ exorbitant 
 \j exposure 
 
 tJ^ Facilitate 
 
 ^ fastidious 
 
 X favorable 
 V^^^ felony 
 \y^ filiation 
 
 ^-w fiduciary 
 Vy^/^fireplace 
 
 ^^«— -a fixture 
 
 ^- 1 fluctuate 
 
 V f> foreclose 
 \y^ foreign 
 Vn forgery 
 
 ^^ forgetful 
 K^y^^ fortnight 
 v.^,_- franchise 
 
 I 
 
 \-^ fulfilled 
 v»,^jP furnace 
 
 frontier 
 furniture 
 
178 Complete Manual of Phonography, 
 
 G 
 Galvanize 
 
 •^ gaseous 
 
 ^_^__^ generating 
 
 </r> generosity 
 <=^T^ gradually 
 ^""^^ grantee 
 ^^ grantor 
 
 [i gratified 
 
 *~l gravity 
 
 '' V grievance 
 
 y^ grocery 
 
 j guarantee' 
 
 '"J guardian 
 — «»_P guidance 
 
 c-j— N gladsome 
 
 / Georgia 
 J generous 
 — '^ gamble 
 
 -V"~'giyc 
 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 ^ Habitual 
 ytr~^ handsome 
 
 \y^ hardware 
 
 1 hazardous 
 ^ harass 
 
 X hereby 
 
 V— ^ hereunto 
 <j^ hesitate 
 1 hitherto 
 ^ hoister 
 ^-'V' horizontal 
 
 ' — Q homestead 
 aA^ hyphen 
 /^^v— humbug 
 i^ horror 
 
 pjy hydrogen 
 ^J hotel 
 
 \ Hebrew 
 ' — — 1 humanity 
 
 "^■^ ^ Incorporate 
 I incorrect 
 
 ^ identify 
 /i illustrate 
 '^^ imaginary 
 '"'^"1 impunity 
 '^-^~~) inaccuracy 
 ^"*-^^~^ incurable 
 
 ^^^w indefinite 
 ^ indicting 
 "^"^ indorse 
 
 
 industrial 
 
 ^ \i\ infallible 
 
 { integfrity 
 
 ^t^ insurable 
 
 ^"^-j invitation 
 ^"^ inventory 
 
 XP' iuvoluntary 
 
 N/v invariably 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 179 
 
 ' / J 
 
 (_^ January 
 
 / jeopardize 
 
 ? ■■ 
 
 /^ jointure 
 
 /O jealousy 
 
 c 
 
 c 
 
 ^/^ journalist /^ 
 /-tJ^ jealously 
 
 A judicial 
 /.--''^ juryman 
 
 ,o 
 
 K 
 Kentucky 
 
 kidnapper 
 kindle 
 
 kindly 
 
 knavery 
 
 kodak 
 
 L 
 Laborer 
 
 landscape 
 f" x^j> lavender 
 
 n. 
 -a 
 
 ru 
 
 »■ 
 
 r-7 
 
 L 
 aziness 
 
 egitimate 
 
 eakage 
 
 egacy 
 
 egatee 
 
 essee 
 ibrarian 
 limitation 
 inoleum 
 
 ineal 
 
 iterature 
 itigation 
 London 
 ocomotive 
 ottery 
 
 unatic 
 uggage 
 
 M 
 Magistrate 
 
 7 
 
 ^-3 mandamus 
 
 C_^ medicine 
 o- — ,^ meantime 
 ■^. meditate 
 ^^..^ merchant 
 
 CV-,/' mercantile 
 
 C^^^y mercenary 
 ^,.,^/^<\Qmetropolis 
 
 military 
 millinery 
 
 mimmum 
 
 •^^^ misapply 
 '^X moreover 
 
 cr^r~i Mormon 
 ' ^ mundane 
 ^»-<^ murderer 
 c V murderous 
 ^~'\^ mutilate 
 
180 Complete 
 
 M 
 
 Y Mutually ' 
 
 ,^^/\^ multiply 
 
 . . i mythical 
 
 2^_ mystical 
 
 N 
 ^-^^ New Year 
 
 negotiable 
 negotiate 
 neutral 
 -. negotiation 
 vO nicest 
 
 '**'' \ nicotine 
 
 *^-'''X> nominal 
 ^^ noiseless 
 y^ nonpareil 
 '"Ty* northern 
 ^_^ nourished 
 
 v_fl^ nuisance 
 N^_^^-jj numerous 
 
 Manual of Phonography. 
 
 V<x:AIiUUARY. 
 
 (I Obedient ^^ Pamphlet 
 
 \_J1 obligation V pantaloons 
 
 \ obviate N parallel 
 
 -A \-> 
 
 patient 
 
 a occupancy 
 _v^occurrence V- p^rquette 
 ^\J^ officially \/~^ parquet 
 
 x.^ oftener 
 j( onerous 
 \/>»-'operating 
 
 V""^ operator 
 
 V^ opulence 
 
 \^ ordinary 
 \.^^organism 
 
 y- oscillate 
 
 *— a orchestra 
 V^ overrule 
 
 ^p oversight 
 ^^ overrun 
 ^y ownershij 
 
 \/^ partially 
 
 v^U, partition 
 
 Q.^ partner 
 
 \_^__^ pecuniary 
 
 . ^^ pedestal 
 
 V_^ penalty 
 
 tLf pendant 
 
 w^y percentage 
 
 V^'V* peremptory 
 
 \^ perforate 
 
 \.,x^ perishable 
 
 y perjury 
 
 |) B^J persuade 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 181 
 
 \ / 
 
 \r Petit jury 
 VI v^ petroleum 
 *^^ phrase 
 V^ physician 
 V_ placard 
 ^ plentiful 
 
 VO policy 
 
 \^^^ politeness 
 
 C political 
 
 *'~-''n^ pneumatic 
 
 ^^ porcelain 
 
 V-> preamble 
 
 \> precedent 
 
 ^V"^ precisely 
 
 \ predict 
 
 *\j^ preference 
 
 '\ premium 
 
 . previously 
 
 ^\y\ priority 
 
 ^ Privilege 
 
 X process 
 
 *\ producer 
 
 \j^'\ prohibit 
 
 >y — . promptness 
 
 W pro rata 
 
 \/i prosperity 
 
 <\__ protect 
 
 Vx _ proviso 
 
 V-g^ proximity 
 ryv I- 
 Xj private 
 
 \j) pronounce 
 
 \j profit 
 
 \ir' proficient 
 \„j^ punctual 
 Nw^ punctuate 
 \/\. purporting 
 
 \/) pursuant 
 \. purchaser 
 
 C-/V Qualify 
 cyl quality 
 
 1 quantity 
 
 li quarantine 
 ^y. quarter 
 J question 
 ^ queer 
 
 t:— /''"^q u i t cla i m 
 C — / (|uoruni 
 
 R 
 y/'^"^ Ransom 
 
 J^^ rascality 
 ^/^l re-adjust 
 ^.x^^ realizing 
 ^^^ real estate 
 ^A-< reasonable 
 /y reassure 
 y,^ rattling 
 
 \ ratify 
 
IS2 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 -^ receiptor 
 /j reconsider 
 x'~V.^__rectify 
 
 / l_ redirect 
 
 / referee 
 
 ^ reference 
 
 ^ referring 
 
 ■U register 
 
 y\ regretting 
 
 X^~0 regulation 
 
 ^\. reliable 
 
 remittance 
 
 /\>»y replevin 
 y^\^ reprimand 
 
 resources 
 
 .y\^- respondent 
 
 '^L retirement 
 
 y^ re- written 
 ^y rougher , 
 
 \o Sacrifice ' 
 ^~^ salary i 
 
 () salesman 
 
 V sanitary 
 
 (v ^ , Saratoga 
 
 \._y sateen 
 
 ) 
 
 sausage 
 
 — D scarcely 
 J^ schedule 
 
 V scientific 
 
 ^ \ secrecy 
 ^^^ secretary 
 o — ^1 security 
 a/ seizable 
 ^~f sensitive 
 \Jy separation 
 ^1 serge 
 
 y^ serial 
 *^^^^ seriously 
 
 S 
 Sewer 
 
 \^ sheriff 
 
 r^ Shetland 
 C^y^^ shilling 
 
 y shrewdly 
 
 •^Y shrinkage 
 
 rw^ shrivel 
 
 r > side bar 
 o— .^^_y signature 
 
 ^^ vSilesia 
 
 /W" singeing 
 
 I situated 
 
 M 
 
 ~^^ skillful 
 
 d\i slovenly 
 
 ^ slyest 
 
 a society 
 
 6 j soliciting 
 
 ^ specific 
 
 V~a specimen 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 
 VoCABUIvARY. 
 
 183 
 
 T 
 Tapestry 
 
 l> tariflf 
 
 echnical 
 
 elegram 
 
 elegraph 
 
 elephone 
 
 emporary 
 
 endency 
 
 endemess 
 
 erminate 
 
 erritory 
 
 estator 
 
 estimony 
 
 exture 
 herefor 
 
 horoughly 
 
 olerable 
 
 derate 
 
 ownship 
 
 
 
 K 
 
 '/ T 
 
 ^ Transit 
 
 J-^ transmit 
 A traveller 
 
 h treasurer 
 "V- trestle 
 ^ triplicate 
 Tj trustees 
 
 |^_^ transient 
 A trifling 
 U\ terrible 
 
 h 
 
 timidity 
 
 ''x^ tiresome 
 \y^ turning 
 y-^ tumbler 
 [/7 turned 
 
 l^ turf 
 ^^ twisting 
 J/^ twice 
 (!xf twirl 
 
 U 
 Ultimatum 
 
 \.^_fiy\ unassorted 
 y^^-' uncertain 
 
 ^^. undeniable 
 
 ^^ undergone 
 
 li undivided 
 
 ^"^V. unexpired ' 
 
 ^V/' unforeseen 
 
 V unfolding 
 v.f^^ ungranted 
 
 ^^ unload 
 '^'^ unmounted 
 
 ^ unreliable 
 j2, unshaken 
 JX unusual-ly 
 \^^ upholster 
 
 ^ urgent 
 ^ ^ uneasy 
 f^ usury 
 
184 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 Vocabulary. 
 
 \ Vacancy 
 
 ^^ validity 
 Vy^ valuable 
 
 Vy'"*^ variance 
 
 ,^ 
 
 vegetable 
 
 ^-^L-f vendee 
 V^ vender 
 
 \y] veracity 
 
 verdict 
 
 V/v vibrating 
 
 ^>P^ vice versa 
 
 ^«-v-^ vintage 
 
 ^j vitality 
 
 V voidable 
 
 ^ volume 
 yj'y^ voluntary 
 
 W 
 >"' Warrant 
 
 "} whatsoever 
 ,C/ V, vhereof 
 ^^ whiskey 
 y^ wholesale 
 C^ wiring 
 i/^»^ iVisconsin 
 
 ^ withdraw 
 
 Cj^ withhold 
 
 ^/v_^ witnesseth 
 
 i-^^_D wickedness 
 (/^ wherever 
 t/i worsted 
 "•-c* wrangle 
 y^^>->y wrongful 
 '^ll wrongly 
 
 C W-a Yachtman 
 L— yardstick 
 V^ yearly 
 
 ^_y yearning 
 ^"^^ yeoinan 
 ^^ yellowish 
 
 V'-Nyard arm 
 o • yielding 
 
 A: Zebra 
 
 y 
 
 >^/ zeboo 
 (» zephyr 
 
 v^_v zemth 
 
 / zythum 
 
 .zigzag 
 
 Finis. 
 
Complete Manual of Phonography. 185 
 
 indp:x. 
 
 (The reference is to the paragraph, except where 
 the page is given.) 
 
 Alphabet, The . . p . 8 
 Additional sign for S 
 and Z . . . . .p . 23 
 Aspirates, The . .p . 55 
 Business letters . .p .110 
 Business phrases and 
 contractions . .p .104 
 Capital letters. ... 99 
 Ch and Ray rules for 
 
 writing 2 
 
 Chapter and verse, 
 
 how to indicate .p .100 
 Choosing matter for 
 
 dictation . . . .p . 88 
 Circle S at the end of a 
 * half-sized letter . . 67 
 Circles and loops pre- 
 fixed to hooks ... 40 
 Con & Com omission 
 
 P . 98 
 
 Consonants, straight, 
 
 ^ P • i'> 
 
 Consonants, curved 
 
 p . 13 
 
 Contractions . . . p . 69 
 Derivative words . p . 90 
 Dictation, pp 96,98, 147 
 Directions to the stu- 
 dent p . 
 
 Diphthongs . . .p . 
 D o u bl e consonants 
 Double lengths . . . 
 Double sized S . . . 
 Duplicate forms for 
 fr, vr, fl, vl, etc . . . __ 
 
 Emphasis 99 
 
 Figures p .100 
 
 Final hook and final 
 
 vowel 50 
 
 F or V hook .... 49 
 
 Gramalogues, list of 
 
 P • 91 
 
 H following another 
 consonant. . . 4th, 74 
 Half - length c u r v es 
 
 . 
 
 67 
 50 
 
 Halving principle .p . 
 
 Intersected words. p . 
 
 '45 
 
 Joined consonants . . 
 
 8 
 
 Junctionof half-length 
 
 
 strokes 
 
 71 
 
 L added to curves 
 
 31 
 
 Large circle medially 
 
 
 and finally .... 
 
 20 
 
 Law phrases . . . p . 
 
 .48 
 
 Leaves of Note-book, 
 
 
 indexing, etc . . p . 
 
 158 
 
 Legal letters . . . p . 
 
 153 
 
 Long and Short vow- 
 
 
 els p . 
 
 9 
 
 Lt, written upward . 
 
 67 
 
 N added to straight 
 
 
 and curved letters . 
 
 72 
 
 Omission, con, com 
 
 
 • • P • 
 
 08 
 
 Omissionof "of the" . 
 
 100 
 
 Past tense ending in T 
 
 
 or D ....... 
 
 72 
 
 Phraseography, 
 
 
 advanced, list of p . 
 
 136 
 
 Position, writing in 
 
 
 p • 20, 
 
 90 
 
 Positive and negative 
 
 
 words p . 
 
 97 
 
 Practical hints to 
 
 
 court reporters . . p . 
 
 158 
 
 Prefix con and com 
 
 81 
 
 Phrasing, prin- 
 
 
 ciples p 
 
 76 
 
 R hook added to Ing . 
 
 32 
 
186 Complete Manual of Phonography. 
 INDEX. 
 
 R and L hooks pre- 
 
 i^fixed to a straight 
 stroke 26, 27 
 
 Resumd of the Logo- 
 grams P • 91 
 
 Reporting contrac- 
 tions, list of . .p . 127 
 
 Representation of fig- 
 ures p . 1 00 
 
 S prefixed to hooked 
 consonants .... 40 
 
 S or Z, additional sign 
 for 17 
 
 S between consonants 18 
 
 St and Str loops .22, 23 
 
 St after tion hook . . 63 
 
 St and Str loops com- 
 bined with N hook . 59 
 
 S added to St and Str 
 loops and ses circle 24 
 
 SW circle prefixed to 
 the pr series. ... 41 
 
 Speed practice . . p . 88 
 
 Straight consonants 
 p . 10 
 
 Single and double con- 
 sonants . . . .p . 8 
 
 Stops, etc .... 7, 98 
 Stroke S and Z when 
 
 used p . 28 
 
 .Suffixes .... p 64-65 
 T and D added by 
 
 halving 60 
 
 Tick "the" .... 15 
 Time required to learn 
 
 Phonography . .p . 7 
 Tion hook after a 
 
 straight letter . . 53-54 
 
 after T,D, and J . . 55 
 
 after two vowels . 57 
 Tive hook 58 
 
 hook used medially 61 
 
 Vocalization of the 
 double-lengths . . 80 
 
 Vowels joined initial- 
 ly and finally ... 14^ 
 
 Upward and down- 
 ward R and L . p • 35 
 
 Vocalization 
 and phrasing . .p . 22 
 
 Vowels between 
 strokes 46 
 
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