LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. ^Accession Class ) CONNECTICUT SCHOOL DOCUMENT No. 11900 (WHOLE NUMBER -175) LAWS RELATING TO SCHOOLS 900 OS 3 MEMBERS OF THE State Boarfc of Education 1900 GEORGE E. LOUNSBURY, GOVERNOR . LYMAN A. MILLS, LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR GEORGE M. CARRINGTON . WILLIAM G. SUMMER .... EDWARD D. ROBBINS ... WILLIAM H. PALMER, Jr Ridgefield Middlefield Winsted New Haven Wetbersfield Norwich SECRETARY OF THE BOARD CHARLES D. HINE, Hartford OFFICE ROOM 42, CAPITOL, Hartford Ill NOTE At the margin of each section will be found the number of the same section in the General Statutes, Revision of 1888, or the Chapter of Public Acts where sections enacted since 1888 may be found. CHARLES D. HINE Secretary PUBLIC ACTS OF 1899 The acts of 1899 relating to schools will be found in this compilation as follows : Number of section in this Chapter Section complilation 14 .... 259 19 .... ..... 18 41 .... 21 54 .... 1 39 2 40 71 .... 63 104 .... 1 16 2 17 200 .... 215 207 .... 2 260 3 ..... 261 5 266 217 37 IV CONTENTS Page Constitution, ....... 1 State Board of Education, . Normal Schools, ....... 6 County Homes, ..... Eyesight Tests, .... 8 Instruction, Employment, and Attendance of Children, . . 9 Duties of Towns, . . . . . . . 16 Transfer of the Obligations and Property of School Societies to Towns, . . . . . . . . 21 High Schools, ....... 24 Evening Schools, . . . . . . . 26 School Visitors, ....... 29 School Districts, ....... 38 Consolidation of School Districts, . . . . . 52 District Committees, ...... 61 School Libraries and Philosophical Apparatus, ... 63 Teachers, ... .... 65 Support of Public Schools, ...... 67 Sanitary Provisions and Ventilation, . . .77 Care and Reformation of Children, ..... 79 Connecticut School for Boys, ..... 79 Industrial School for Girls, . . . . . 79 Neglected and Dependent Children, .... 80 Deaf and Dumb and Blind Children, . .80 Imbecile Children 80 Public Libraries, . . . . . . 81 School District Taxes, ...... 88 General Provisions, ..... .93 Special Acts, ........ 100 Ansonia, ........ 100 Bridgeport, ....... 100 Derby, ........ 101 Hartford, Northwest District, ..... 102 Manchester, Ninth District, ..... 102 Naugatuck, ....... 103 New Haven, ....... 104 New London, ....... 106 Norwich, Falls District, ..... 107 Norwich, Greeneville District, .... 108 Orange, Union District, ... 110 Waterbury, .... 110 CONSTITUTION OF CONNECTICUT [ARTICLE EIGHT] Of Education Section i. The charter of Yale College, as modified charter of by agreement with the corporation thereof, in pursuance of an act of the General Assembly, passed in May, 1792, is hereby confirmed. Sec. 2. The fund, called the SCHOOL FUND, shall re- school fund, main a perpetual fund, the interest of which shall be in- violably appropriated to the support and encouragement of the public or common schools throughout the State, and for the equal benefit of all the people thereof. The value and amount of said fund shall, as soon as practi- cable, be ascertained in such manner as the General Assembly may prescribe, published and recorded in the Comptroller's office; and no law shall ever be made authorizing said fund to be diverted to any other use than the encouragement and support of public or com- mon schools, among the several school societies, as jus- tice and equity shall require. LAWS RELATING TO EDUCATION- State Board of Education [GEN. STAT., TITLE xxxv, CHAPTER cxxx, PAGE 456] SECTION 1. Quorum, term of office, appointment, vacancies, secretary, duties, salary, clerks . 2. Duties, powers, teachers' meetings, ex- penses, annual report, etc. 3. Appointment and report of agent. 4. Enforcement of act relating to employ- ment of children under 14; compen- sation of agents. 5. Teachers' certificates. 6. Account of appropriation for libraries and apparatus. 7. Expenses and account ; orders how signed. 8. Normal School, object and annual ap- propriation ; training department. 9. Number and recommendation of stu- dents. SECTION 10. Selection of students. 11. Expenditure of funds ; regulation of school ; account ; report. 12. Model primary school. 13. Enumeration of children in County Homes. 14. County commissioners may establish schools at County Homes. 15. County commissioners may employ and pay teachers; State Board of Educa- tion to examine teachers, and may appoint acting visitor or visitors. 16. Schools to be furnished with blanks and test cards for eyesight test and re- ports. 17. Eyesight test and reports to be made by certain persons. ment, vacancies. 1898. ch. eixxviL See. 1. There shall be a State Board of Education Se^appoint- composed of the Governor, Lieutenant-Governor, and four persons to be appointed as hereinafter provided. Three members shall constitute a quorum at the meetings of said board. The terms of the members of said board, ex- cept the governor and lieutenant-governor, shall be four years, 1 and the term of one member shall expire on the first day of July in each year, the term of Edward D. 1 The terms of office of members other than the Governor and Lieuten- ant-Governor begin on the first day of July following their appointment. G. S., sec. 427. The members are paid their necessary expenses. G. S. , sec. 3706. 3 Robbins of Wethersfield expiring on July 1, 1895, the term of Anthony Ames of Killingly expiring on the first day of July, 1896, the term of George M. Carrington of Winsted expiring on the first day of July, 1897, and the term of William G. Sumner of New Haven expiring on the first day of July, 1898. The General Assembly, at each regular session, shall appoint persons to fill the vacancies to arise before the next regular session of the General Assembly by expiration of such terms of office. All such vacancies not filled by the General Assembly and all vacancies otherwise arising shall be filled by the Governor and Lieutenant-Governor for the unexpired term so left unfilled. The board shall appoint a secretary, who shall undersecretary, its direction and control perform such services in the ex- ecution of its duties and powers as the board may pre- scribe, 1 and who shall be paid such salary as the board may determine. The board shall have power to hire necessary clerks, who shall assist the secretary and shall cierks. perform such clerical and other duties as the board or the secretary shall prescribe. Sec. 2. The board shall have general supervision o. a. see. ms. and control of the educational interests of the State ; ai May direct what books shall be used in all its schools, but shall not direct any book to be changed oftener than once in five years ; a Shall prescribe the form of registers 3 to be kept in said schools, and the form of blanks and inquiries for the 1 Duties and powers prescribed by statute are : 1. To make return to Comptroller of delinquent towns and forfeitures, sec. 92. 2. To draw orders for library money, sec. 172. 3. To furnish blanks and registers to private schools, sec. 20. 4. To sign orders for State money drawn from treasury, sec. 7. 5. To inspect certificates of attendance, sec. 24, and registers of private schools, sec. 20. 6. To remit forfeitures, sec. 204. 2 Sec. 78. 3 Registers of two sizes are supplied to public and private schools, and a special form for evening schools. For registers of private schools, see sec. 20. For duties of teachers in connection with registers, see sec. 176. returns 1 to be made by the various school boards and committees ; Shall ascertain and keep informed as to the condi- tion and progress of the public schools in the State ; Teachers' And shall seek to improve the methods and promote the efficiency of teaching therein, by holding, at various convenient places in the State, meetings of teachers and school officers, for the purpose of instructing in the best modes of administering, governing, and teaching public schools, and by such other means as they shall deem ap- propriate ; but the expenses incurred in such meetings shall not exceed the sum of three thousand dollars in any year. 2 Annual Report. Said board shall, on or before the Monday after the J8 ' first Wednesday in January in each year, 8 submit to the Governor a report containing a printed abstract of said returns, a detailed statement of the doings of the board, and an account of the condition of the public schools, of the amount and quality of instruction therein, and such 1 Eeturns to be made to State Board of Education are : 1. Town reports of school visitors, sec. 91. (a) including names of teachers and committees, sec. 94. 2. District reports by Board of Education, sec. 67. 3. Reports of evening schools, sees. 68, 72. 4. Reports of private schools, sec. 20. 5 Reports of eyesight tests, sec. 17. Blanks are supplied for all above returns and for reports of district committees to school visitors, sec. 171. 3 Other duties and powers of the board are : 1. To superintend Normal Schools, sees. 8-12. 2. To enforce law relating to employment of children, sees. 4, 22, 23. (a) Shall appoint agents, Sec. 4. 3. To enforce laws relating to attendance, Sees. 3, 4 ; at evening schools, sec. 71. (a) May appoint agents, sec. 4. 4. To keep account of library money, sec. 6. 5. To annually appoint a Public Library Committee, sec. 218. 6. To order sanitary changes in the schoolhouses, sec. 210. 7. To examine teachers for schools in county homes, and to visit said schools, sec. 15. 8. To relieve towns from maintaining evening schools, sec. 73. 9. To furnish blanks for eyesight tests, sec. 16. 3 " All other reports now required to be made annually to the General Assembly shall hereafter be made to the Governor at the same period of the year as now required to be made to the General Assembly," G. S., sec. 376. other information as will apprise the General Assembly of the true condition, progress, and needs of public educa- tion ; and such annual reports shall be submitted to said Assembly at its regular sessions. The comptroller shall cause to be printed at the ex- 1395, ch. pense of the State annually, such number of copies of the report of the State Board of Education as said board may by vote determine to be necessary ; provided, that the number printed annually shall not exceed six thousand. Sec. 3. The board shall have power to appoint aft agent 1 to secure the due observance of the laws relating to the instruction of children, 2 and such agent shall make written report of his work to the secretary semi-annu- Report. ally. Sec. 4. It shall be the duty of the State Board of | Education and the school visitors, boards of education, and town committees of towns, to enforce sections 22 and c hildren - 23 of chapter ii ; and for that purpose the State board of Education may appoint agents, under its supervision and control, for terms of not more than one year, who shall be paid not to exceed five dollars per day for time actually employed, and necessary expenses, and whose accounts Pay of agents. shall be approved by said board and audited by the Comptroller. The agents so appointed may be directed by said Duties - board to enforce the provisions of the law requiring the attendance 8 of children in school, and to perform any duties necessary or proper for the due execution of the duties and powers of the board. See. 5. The State Board of Education may, upon public examination in such branches, and upon such s sec tjftt terms as it may prescribe, grant a certificate of qualifi- Teachers' ,. i . , , . , , . ., o,. , certificates may cations to teach in any public school m the State, and be granted upon may revoke the same. The certificate of qualification ex issued under this section shall be accepted by boards of 1895> ch> CXMT - school visitors, boards of education, and town school committees in lieu of the examination required by sec- tion 78. 8 1 May inspect certificates of attendance, sec. 24, and registers of private, schools, sec. 20. 2 Chapter ii, page 9. Sees. 54, 61, 152. - Sec - 6 * The State Board of Education shall keep an for account of the money drawn and paid out for school school libraries and apparatus, libraries and philosophical apparatus pursuant to chap- ter xi, 1 and the Comptroller shall annually audit such ac- count. a a. sec. go99. s eC0 7. The board is authorized to expend such Expenses and , . , , . . , account ; orders sum as may be necessary to perform the duties and execute the powers conferred upon it, and shall semi- annually file with the Comptroller a certified account of all State moneys received and expended during the pre- ceding half year, 3 which account shall be audited by the Comptroller. All orders for drawing any State money shall be signed by the secretary and countersigned by a commit- tee of the board duly authorized thereto. 1893, ch. ccxv. Object. Annual appro- priation. Training Department. NORMAL SCHOOLS See. 8. The State Board of Education shall maintain normal schools as seminaries for training teachers in the art of instructing and governing in the public schools of this State, at the places where such schools are legally established, and such sum as the State Board of Educa- tion may in each year deem necessary for their support, not exceeding eighty thousand dollars for the four nor- mal schools now established, shall be annually paid therefor from the treasury of the State, on the order of said board. But the board shall not expend any money for any normal school hereafter established, until the town, city, or city school district in which said school is situated shall have agreed in writing with said board to furnish, and shall have furnished schools in suitable and sufficient school buildings in connection with the train- ing department in said school, the terms of said agree- ment to be satisfactory to said board ; and every such town, city, or city school district is hereby empowered to make and execute such agreements. 1 Page 63. 5 For fiscal year see Public Acts of 1889, ch. ccxxxi. The fiscal year for all departments of the State government ends on the thirtieth day of September. Sec. 9. The number of pupils in each school shall be determined by the State Board of Education. Said 8e board may make regulations governing the admission candidates. To all pupils admitted to either normal school, all its privileges, including tuition, shall be gra- tuitous ; no persons, however, shall be entitled to these privileges until they have filed with said board a written declaration that their object in securing admission to such school is to become qualified to teach in public schools, and that they intend to teach in the public schools of this State. Sec. 10. The school visitors in each town shall i889,ch.cixxxvi, annually, upon request, forward to said board the names selection of - , J ' , . , ,, students. of such persons as they can recommend as suitable per- sons in age, character, talents, and attainments, to be received as pupils in said school. Sec. 11. The State Board of Education shall expend ia,ck cimvi, the funds 1 provided for the support of normal schools. Expenditure of appoint and remove their teachers, and make rules for fu their management ; shall file semi-annually with the Comptroller, to be audited by him, a statement of the Account. receipts and expenses 2 on account of the normal schools, and shall annually make to the Governor a report, for Report transmission to the General Assembly, of the condition of these schools, and the doings of said board in connec- tion therewith. Sec. 12. Said board may establish and maintain i889,ch. c ixxxvi, model schools under permanent teachers approved by it, Modei primary in which the pupils of the normal schools shall have an 8C opportunity to practice modes of instruction and disci- pline. SCHOOLS IN COUNTY HOMES Sec. 13. The children legally committed to county isos, en. ccxxn, homes shall be enumerated in the districts in which said Enumeration of county homes are located, as provided in section 177, but county Homes. the enumerator shall make a separate list of the children in the county home, and certify said list to the school visitors of the town as provided in section 179. 1 Sec. 8. 2 Sec. 7. 8 isos, ch. ccxxu, See. 14. The county commissioners may establish County com- schools at the county homes if in their opinion it is for SSsif 8 may the interest of the children. In case the county commis- Homes, sioners establish and maintain such a school in any county, the treasurer of the town in which the school is located shall pay to the county commissioners from the amount paid to the town by the Comptroller that pro- portionate part which was derived from the enumeration of the children in the county home. Said commissioners shall apply the sum so named to the payment of the teacher, and to no other purpose. Said schools shall be open during the same days and hours and terms as the schools in the district in which the school is located, and the branches taught shall be those prescribed by the proper school officers for the schools of the town. secV h ' cxxii ' ^' ^ e coun ^ v commissioners may employ county commis- and pay as teachers of the schools at the county homes, employ Spay persons found qualified as provided in this section, and shall provide books for the children and apparatus for teaching. It shall be the duty of the State Board of Education to examine the persons employed by the county commissioners, and if the candidates are found qualified in respect of character, education, and teach- ing ability, to give them certificates authorizing them to teach in said schools, and said board may revoke such certificate, and the county commissioners shall not employ any person who does not hold such certificate. | t du?a^icm ( to 0f '^^ ie sa ^ board shall appoint an acting visitor or acting examine teach- visitors, who shall inspect and examine said schools at crs, rn&y appoint A least twice in each term, and the county commissioners shall not pay any teacher nor maintain said school unless said acting visitor shall certify in writing that said school has been for each month kept in conformity to the laws relating to public schools. EYESIGHT TEST 1899,^.104, Sec 16< The gtate boar(i of education shall prepare preparation of or cause to be prepared suitable test cards and blanks to cards and . * x wanks. be used in testing the eyesight of the pupils in public schools, and shall furnish the same, together with all necessary instructions for their use, free of expense, to every school in the state. See. 17. The superintendent, principal, or teacher, ^ 9 ^ ch - civ ' in every school, sometime during the fall term in each Tests and year, shall test the eyesight of all pupils under his charge te?m? 8 ! according to the instructions furnished as above pro- vided, and shall notify in writing the parent or guardian of every pupil who shall be found to have any defect of vision or disease of the eyes, with a brief statement of such defect or disease, and shall make written report of all such cases to the state board of education. CHAPTER II Instruction, Employment, and Attendance of Children [GEN. STAT., TITLE xxxv, CHAPTER cxxxi, PAGE 458] SECTION 18. Duties of parents and guardians. 19. Penalty ; excuses for failure ; procedure. 20. Attendance at private schools when suf- ficient ; registers ; inspection of cer- tificates. 21. Employment of children under fourteen during school hours ; penalty. 22. Employment of children under fourteen. 23. Penalty ; certificates. 24. Certificates of attendance, when required, by whom given ; are evidence. 25. Penalty for evasion of provisions of this chapter. 26. Inspection of factories by school visitors. 27. Selectmen may bind out neglected chil- SECTION 28. Town regulations respecting truant and vagrant children. 29. Truant officers ; procedure. 30. Truants, arrest of. 81. Truants may be committed to Connecti- cut school for boys, when. 32. Fees of truant officers. 33. Warrant and hearing. 34. Suspending judgment. 35. Appointment of district committees or janitors as special constables. 36. Vagrant girls may be committed to In- dustrial School. 37. Loitering of children in the night time prohibited. dren. Section 1 8. All parents and those who have the care of children 1 shall bring them up in some honest and law- educated ful employment, and instruct them or cause them to be instructed in reading, writing, spelling, English gram- mar, geography, and arithmetic. 2 And every parent or other person having control any child over seven and under sixteen years of age, shall cause such child to attend a public day school reg- ularly during the hours and terms while the public school in the district wherein such child resides is in session, or while the school is in session where provision for the instruction of such child is made according to 1 This expression is used as exactly equivalent to parents or guardians. 59 Conn., 493. 2 Compare sees. 38, 41. 10 1899, ch. 19. law by the board of school visitors, town school com- mittee, or board of education of the town in which the child resides; unless the parent or person having control of such child can show that the child is elsewhere receiv- ing regularly thorough instruction during said hours and terms in the studies taught in the public schools. lis'ch'JSxiv Children over fourteen years of age shall not be subject to the requirements of this section while lawfully employed to labor at home or elsewhere. 1899, ch. 19. But this provision shall not be construed as permitting such children to be irregular in attendance at school while they are enrolled as scholars, or to exempt any child who is enrolled as a member of a school from any rule concerning irregularity of attendance which has been enacted or may be enacted by the town school com- mittee, board of visitors, 1 or board of education having control of the school. o. s.sec. 9W8. Sec. 19. Each week's failure on the part of any per- Sffrfch. cxiv. son to comply with the provisions of the preceding sec- tion shall be a distinct offense, punishable with a fine not exceeding five dollars. Said penalty shall not be incurred when it appears that the child is destitute of clothing suitable for attend- ing school, and the parent or person having control of Excuses. such child is unable to provide such clothing, or its men- tal or physical condition is such as to render its instruc- tion inexpedient or impracticable. complaint. All offenses concerning the same child shall be charged in separate counts, joined in one complaint. When a complaint contains more than one count the court may give sentence on one or more counts and sus- pend sentence on the remaining counts. procedure. If at the end of twelve weeks from the date of the sentence it shall appear that the child concerned has attended school regularly during that time, then judg- ment on such remaining counts shall not be executed. G. s. sec. mi*. Sec. 20. Attendance of children at a school other Attendance It than a public school shall not be regarded as compliance whln^uffident with the provisions of the laws of the State requiring 1 Sec. 78, note 1. 11 parents and other persons having control of children to cause them to attend school, unless the teachers or per- sons having control of such school shall keep a register of attendance in form and manner prescribed by the State Board of Education for the public schools, 1 which register Register. shall at all times during school hours be open to the in- spection of the secretary and agents of the State Board of Education, 2 and shall make such reports and returns con- cerning the school under their charge to the secretary of the State Board of Education as are required from the school visitors concerning the public schools, 3 except that no report concerning expenses shall be required ; and it shall be the duty of the secretary of the State Board of Education to furnish to the teachers or persons having charge of any school, on their request, such registers and blanks for returns as may be necessary for compliance with the provisions of this section. See. 21. Any person who shall employ any child 1899, ch. 41. , , , ., Employment of under fourteen years of age during the hours while the children under school which such child should attend is in session, and of U age en 5 any person who shall authorize or permit on premises under his control any such child to be so employed, shall be fined not more than twenty dollars for every week in which such child is so employed. Sec. 22. No child under fourteen years of age shall o. s. sec. nss. be employed in any mechanical, mercantile, or manu- JwiS-KlSe? f acturing establishment. Is9 5 , ch . CX vui, Sec. 23. Any person acting for himself, or as agent 8ec>1 ' in any way whatever of any mechanical, mercantile, or G ~ s - 6ec \ im ' manufacturing establishment who shall employ or au- thorize or permit to be employed in such establishment any child, in violation of the preceding section, shall be Penalty. fined not more than sixty dollars, and every week of such illegal employment shall be a distinct offense, provided that no person shall be punished under this section for the employment of any child when at the time of such employment the employer shall demand and thereafter during such employment keep on file the certificate * of any town clerk, or of the teacher of the school where 1 Sec. 2. * Sees. 3, 4. Sec. 2. 4 See sec. 24. 12 certificates. 0. s. sec. 2106. Evidence. G. s. sec. 2107. &. s. sec. ^108. f school visitors, such child last attended, stating that such child is more t kan f our teen years of age, or a like certificate of the parent or guardian of such child in such cases only where there is no record of the child's age in the office of the town clerk, and such child has not attended school in this State. Any parent or guardian who shall sign any certificate that his child or ward is more than fourteen years of age when in fact such child or ward is under fourteen years of age shall be fined not more than sixty dollars. 1 Sec. 24. It shall be the duty of every parent, or other person having control of a child under fourteen years of age, to furnish the employer of such child a certificate signed by the teacher, school visitor, or committee of the school which the child attended, showing that the child has attended school. 3 The employer of any such child shall require such certificate, shall keep it at his place of business during the time the child is in his employment, and shall show the same when demanded, during the usual business hours, to any school visitor of the town where the child is employed, or to the secretary or agent of the State Board of Education. Said certificate shall be evidence that the child has attended school as the law requires. See. 25. Any parent or any person having control ^ a child, who, with intent to evade the provisions of this chapter, shall make any false statement 3 concerning the age of such child, or the time such child has resided in the United States, or shall instruct such child to make any such false statement, shall be fined not more than seven dollars, or be imprisoned not more than thirty days. See. 26. The school visitors in every town shall, once or more in every year,, examine into the situation of the children employed in all its manufacturing establish- ments, and ascertain whether all the provisions of this chapter are duly observed, and report all violations thereof to one of the grand jurors of the town. 1 For appointment of agents to enforce sees. 22 and 23, see sec. 4. 9 The section 2105 to which this refers was repealed by Ch. 41, Acts of 1899. 1 For enforcement of this section see sec. 23. 13 See. 27. The selectmen, in every town, shall inspect o, s. sec. the conduct of the heads of families, and if they find any who neglect the education of the children under their lected children - care, may admonish them to attend to their duty; and if they continue negligent, whereby the children grow rude, stubborn, and unruly, they shall, with the advice of a justice of the peace, take such children from those who have the charge of them, and bind them out to some proper master, or to some charitable institution or society incorporated in this State for the care and instruction of such children, 1 males till twenty-one, and females till eighteen years of age, that they may be properly edu- cated, and brought up in some lawful calling. Sec. 28. Each city and town may make regulations e. s. sec. *uo. concerning habitual truants from school, and children Jo between the ages of seven and sixteen years 1 wandering about its streets or public places, having no lawful occu- dren - pation, nor attending school, and growing up in igno- rance ; and such by-laws, also, respecting such children, as shall conduce to their welfare and to public order, imposing suitable penalties, not exceeding twenty dollars for any one breach thereof ; but no such town by-laws shall be valid, until approved by the superior court in any county. Sec. 29. Every town, and the mayor and aldermen o. s. sec. tin. of every city, having such by-laws, shall annually appoint Tr three or more persons, who alone shall be authorized to prosecute for violations thereof. All warrants issued Procedure, upon such prosecutions shall be returnable before any justice of the peace, or judge of the city or police court of the town or city. Sec. 30. The police in any city, and bailiffs, consta- &- s. sec. tm. bles, sheriffs, and deputy sheriffs in their respective pre- J f ruante ' ar cincts, shall arrest all boys between eight and sixteen years of age, who habitually wander or loiter about the streets or public places, or anywhere beyond the proper control of their parents or guardians, during the usual school hours of the school term ; and may stop any boy under sixteen years of age during such hours, and ascer- 1 See sees. 213, 214. 14 school when. 0. S. sec. tllk. Fees of truant officers. tain whether he is a truant from school ; and if he be, shall send him to such school. o. s. sec. 2113. See. 31. Any boy arrested a third time under the be provisions of the preceding section, if not immediately ^ returned to school, shall be taken before the judge of the criminal or police court, or any justice of the peace in the city, borough, or town where such arrest is made ; and if it shall appear that such boy has no lawful occupation, or is not attending school, or is growing up in habits of idleness or immorality, or is an habitual truant, he may be committed to any institution of instruction or correc- tion, or house of reformation in said city, borough, or town, for not more than three years, or, with the ap- proval of the selectmen, to the Connecticut School for Boys. 1 See. 32. Officers other than policemen of cities shall receive for making the arrests required by the two pre- ceding sections such fees, not exceeding the fees allowed by law for making other arrests, as may be allowed by the selectmen of the town in which such arrests are made ; but unless a warrant was issued by a judge of the criminal or police court, or by a justice of the peace, the officer shall, before receiving his fees, present to the selectmen of the town a written statement showing the name of each boy arrested, the day on which the arrest was made, and, if the boy was returned to school, the name or number of the school to which he was so re- turned. See. 33. In all cases arising under the provisions of the three preceding sections, a proper warrant shall be issued by the judge of the criminal court of the city, or by a justice of the peace in the borough or town, where such arrest is made ; and the father, if living, or if not, the mother or guardian of such boy, shall be notified, if such parent or guardian can be found, of the day and time of hearing. The fees of the judge or justice shall be two dollars for such hearing ; and all expenses shall be paid by the city, borough, or town in and for which he exercises such jurisdiction. O. S. sec. 2115. Warrant and hearing. Fees. 1 Sec. 213 15 Sec. 34. After the hearing in any such case, such # s. sec. sue. judge or justice of the peace may, at his discretion, in- ?udgSent ng definitely suspend the rendition of judgment. See. 35. The selectmen of any town may appoint & s. sec. 70. committees of school districts and janitors of school d^SJct buildings, and other persons on nomination by~the school e8 8peci visitors of the town or board of education of an incorpo- 8tables - rated school district, special constables. Said constables shall have power in the town in which they reside, and in adjoining towns when offenders have escaped thither, to arrest for truancy and other causes named in section 30, and for disturbance of schools and school meetings and damage to school property, 1 and to serve criminal process in all such cases. Sec. 36. Upon the request of the parent or guardian Q- s - sec. 2117. of any girl between eight and sixteen years of age, a Sf r b?cf mmit- warrant may be issued for her arrest in the same man- s e c d hooi lndu8tnal ner and on the same conditions as is provided in sections 31-34 with respect to boys ; and thereupon the same pro- ceedings may be had as are above provided, except that said girls may be committed to the Connecticut Indus- trial School for Girls. 8 Sec. 37. The common council of any city may by 1899, ch. 217. ordinance prohibit the loitering, in the nighttime, of chilren^nthe children under the age of fifteen years on the streets, prohibited. alleys, or public places within its corporate limits, and may provide suitable penalty or fine for the violation of such ordinances. 1 Sees. 275, 279. 9 Sec. 214. 16 each year. 1895, ch. cxix. CHAPTER III Duties of Towns 1 [GEN. STAT., TITLE xxxv, CHAPTER cxxxn, PAGE SECTION. 38. Number of weeks of school each year, branches to be taught, etc. 39. Age of admission to public schools. 40. Kindergartens. 41. Nature and effects of alcoholic drinks and narcotics to be taught in public schools. 42. Contents of text-books. 48. May direct school visitors to employ teachers. 44. Instruction in music. 45. Text-books and supplies. See. 38. Public schools shall be maintained 2 for at least thirty-six weeks in each year in every school district. And no town shall receive any money from the State treasury for any district unless the school therein has been kept during the time herein required. SECTION. 46. School visitors. 47. Mode of voting for school officers. 48. Names of persons elected to be re- turned to Secretary of State. 49. Treasurer of permanent funds. 50. Duties of selectmen. 51. Selectmen to provide schoolhouses with flags. 52. Flag-day exercises. 53. Forfeiture by selectmen for failure to provide flag. 1 For powers as to schoolhouses, see sec. 141. 2 Every town or school district, by legal meeting of its qualified voters, may make appropriations of specific sums of money for any pur- pose authorized by law, and by the warnings of the meetings at which the appropriations are made. G. 8., sec. 377. Whenever any specific appropriations of money have been made by any community or corporation named in the preceding section, every agent, commissioner, or executive officer of any town or school district, who shall willfully authorize or contract for the expenditure of any money, or the creation of any debt for any purpose in excess of the amount specifically appropriated for such purpose by the community or corporation of which he is the agent, commissioner, or executive officer, unless such expenditure shall be made or debt contracted for the neces- sary repair of roads or bridges, or the necessary support of schools or paupers, in cases arising after the proper appropriation has been ex- hausted, shall be fined not exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisoned in the county jail not exceeding one year, or both. G. S., sec. 378. Any public official of the state, or of any county, municipality, or school district is hereby authorized to deposit any funds or moneys in his hands belonging to the state, or to such county, municipality, or district, or held by him as such official or as trustee, in and with any of the national and state banks and trust companies in this state ; provided, however, that such deposits shall only be made in his name as such official or trustee, or in the name of the state, county, municipality, or school district to which the money belongs, and that in no case shall the deposit by such official 17 But no school need be maintained in any district in when they need . not be main- which the average attendance 1 of persons at the school tamed. in said district during the preceding year, ending the thirty-first day of August, 2 was less than eight. 3 In said schools, shall be taught by teachers found duly qualified by the school visitors, 4 reading, spelling, writ- Branches. ing, English grammar, geography, and arithmetic, and such other studies, including elementary science and 1897 cn - ci - training in manual arts, as may be prescribed by the board of school visitors. 4 Sec. 39. The public schools of every town and dis- ^99,^ ch. 54, trict shall be open to children over five years of age 6 4g eofadmls - without discrimination on account of race or color, but school visitors, town school committees, and boards of education, may, by vote at a meeting duly called, admit to any school, children over four years of age. Sec. 40. Any town or school district may establish ^' 2 cb - 54 - and maintain kindergartens which shall be open to Kindergartens. children over three years of age. Sec. 41. The nature of alcoholic drinks and nar- \ ch - clvii ' cotics, and special instruction as to their effects upon the human system, in connection with the several di-hoiic drinks and /.-,,. * i 11 t 11 narcotics to be visions of the subject of physiology and hygiene, shall taught m public be included in the branches of study taught in the com- 8C mon or public schools, and shall be studied and taught as other like required branches, by the use of graded text-books in the hands of pupils where other branches are thus studied, and orally in the case of pupils unable to read, and by all pupils in all schools supported wholly or in part by public money. in any one bank or trust company exceed in the aggregate at any one time twenty-five percentum of the capital and surplus of such bank or trust company; and provided further, that whatever interest or other pecuniary consideration such bank or trust company shall allow for or upon such deposit shall belong to and accrue to the benefit of the state, or such county, municipality, or district. Acts of 1899, Chapter 213. 1 Method of obtaining average attendance is given in registers fur- nished by the State. 2 Sec. 190. 3 For voluntary union of small districts, see sec. 196 ; also sec. 197. 4 Sec. 175. 6 A child need not be domiciled in a district to be entitled to school privileges there; it is enough if the child is residing in the district in the ordinary sense. 59 Conn. 491. See sections 18, 19, 177, 181. 18 less, ch. civu, Sec. 42. The text-books used for the instruction re- contentsof quired by the preceding section for intermediate and primary pupils shall give at least one-fifth of their space to the consideration of the nature and effects of alco- holic drinks and narcotics, and the books used in the highest grade of graded schools shall contain at least twenty pages of matter relating to this subject ; but when this subject is massed wholly or in part in a chap- ter or chapters at the end of a book, such book shall not be considered as meeting the requirements of this law. G. s. sec. 2m. Sec. 43. Any town may direct the school visitors to employ the teachers for all public schools of the town for such terms of the schools as it may specify. 1 G. s. sec. siss. See. 44. Any town, at its annual school meeting, may musi ctit direct its school visitors to employ one or more teachers to give instruction in the rudiments and principles of vocal and instrumental music in its several schools, and the salary of such teachers shall be paid by such town. G. s. sec. tixit. g ee> 45 ^ Any town, at its annual meeting, may di- Text-books and . . supplies. rect its school visitors, or board of education, or town committee, to" purchase, at the expense of said town, the text-books and other school supplies used in the public schools of said town, and said text-books and supplies shall be loaned to the pupils of said public schools free of charge, subject to such rules and regulations as the school visitors or the board of education or town com- mittee may prescribe. 2 G.s.sec.ki. See. 46. There shall be elected by every town, at rs ' its annual town meeting, such number of school visitors as such town is entitled to and required by law to elect, ' and they shall be elected in the manner and for the term or terms by law prescribed. G.s.gec.u. See. 47. Treasurers of town deposit funds, agents Mode of voting , , * i i i ' . for school of town deposit funds, . . . and school visitors shall . cixxxi. be voted for by ballot; but all other town officers pro- vided for by law shall be appointed by the board of selectmen of the several towns respectively. 4 1 Sees. 78, 102, 170. 8 For other provisions as to text-books, see sees. 2, 80, 81. 8 Sec. 75 4 The provisions of this section do not apply to town high school com- mittees, ch. clii, Acts of 1893. sec. tm. 08 ( 19 See. 48. The town clerks of the several towns shall, issg, ch. within ten days after the election of such officers, return to the Secretary of the State the names of the persons s! C reSyf 1 elected to the offices ... of school visitors or school state * committee, with date of expiration of term. See. 49. Every town holding any permanent f unds # s. sec. 2125. received from any school society or district shall annu- ally elect, by ballot, a school fund treasurer, who shall fund8 ' have charge of such funds, keep a separate account of the same, and give bonds with surety, to the satisfaction of the selectmen, for the faithful discharge of the duties of his office. See. 50. The selectmen shall have the management # s. of any property appertaining to schools and belonging to the town, and shall lodge with the treasurer all bonds, leases, notes, and other securities, which have not been, or shall not be, intrusted to others by the grantor, the General Assembly, or the town ; shall pay to the treas- urer all money which they may collect and receive for the use of schools ; cause the boundary lines of school districts to be entered on the records of the town ; ' des- ignate the time, place, and object of holding the first meeting in any new district ; a and perform all other law- ful acts required of them by the town, or necessary to carry into full effect the powers of towns with regard to schools. 3 See. 5 1 . It shall be the duty of the selectmen to pro- vide on or before the first day of October, 1893, each selectmen schoolhouse, in which schools are maintained within pr their respective towns, not already supplied, with a United States flag of silk or bunting, not less than four feet in length, and a suitable flag-staff, or other arrange- ment whereby such flag may be displayed on the school- 1 Sees. 103, 104. Sec. 124. 8 Powers and duties of selectmen in connection with : 1. Enforcement of laws relating to attendance : 1. Shall inspect families and bind out neglected children. Sec. 27. 2. Approve commitment of truants to Connecticut School for Boys. Sec. 31. 3. Allow fees of truant officers. Sec. 32. 20 1893, ch. cciii, sec. 2. Flag-day exercises. 1897, ch. xcix. Forfeiture by selectmen for failure to provide flag. house grounds every school day when the weather will permit, and on the inside of the schoolhouses on other school days ; and to renew such flag and apparatus from time to time when necessary. Sec. 52. Suitable exercises, having reference to the adoption of the national flag, shall be had on the four- teenth day of June in each year, or in case that day shall not be a school day, then on the school day preceding or on such other days as the school visitors or board of education may prescribe. See. 53. If any board of selectmen shall willfully re- fuse or neglect to provide the flag or apparatus required by section 51, or to renew such flag or apparatus, when necessary, for a period of thirty days after the reception by them of written notice signed by the school visitor, or a resident of the school district in which the said school is located, that said schoolhouse is not provided with such flag or apparatus, or that such flag or apparatus should be renewed, each of such board of selectmen re- sponsible for such refusal or neglect shall forfeit ten dollars, one-half to the party who shall sue therefor and one-half to the town. 4. Appoint special constables on nomination of school visitors. Sec. 35. 2. Boundary lines of districts : 1. May settle boundary lines. Sec. 104. 2. Notice of appeal how served. Sec. 106. 3. Division of districts : 1. Shall distribute property. Sec. 108. 2. Set off schoolhouse and award money in case of joint districts. Sec. 109. 4. District meetings : 1. Determine in certain cases place of meeting when there is no schoolhouse. Sec. 115. 2. Give notice of meeting if no district officers. Sees. 116, 124. 5. Consolidated districts : 1. Shall appraise property in case of joint districts. Sec. 156. 2. Shall give notice of consolidation to adjoining towns. Sec. 159. 3. May call special meetings to close up affairs of abolished dis- tricts. Sec. 160. 4. Shall lay tax and pay debts after consolidation. Sec. 161. 5. Shall collect all dues and demands in favor of abolished dis- tricts. Sec. 162. 21 CHAPTER IV Transfer of the Obligations and Property of School Societies to Towns [GEN. STAT., TITLE xxxv, CHAPTER cxxxm, PAGE 464] SECTION 64. Districts not co-extensive with towns organized under act of 1855; may choose board of education ; powers and duties. 55. Ballot-boxes to be open how long. 56. Property of such societies not affected. SECTION 57. Powers and duties of boards of educa- tion ; acting visitor ; authority of school visitors in remaining portion of towns. 58. Apportionment of public money. Sec. 54. School societies heretofore organized under o. s.sec. gtso. the act of 1855, entitled "An Act in addition to and m alteration of an Act concerning Education," which are not co-extensive with the towns in which they are sit- of 1855 uated, shall be and remain school districts of said towns, with all the powers and duties of school districts, 1 as specified in this title. Except that each shall annually choose, on the third Monday of September, instead of a district committee, a tion board of education consisting of six or nine persons, who shall be chosen by ballot, one-third to be chosen each year, to serve for three years and until others are elected in their places. 6. Determine amounts to be paid by districts to town on aban- donment of union system and lay tax if necessary. Sec. 164. 7. Shall provide ballot-boxes for election in certain cases. Sec. 143. 6. Estimates : Shall in joint board meeting make preliminary estimates. Sec. 189. 7. Appropriations : Shall in joint board meeting fix amounts for re- spective districts. Sec. 191. 8. 1. May as joint board appropriate money for libraries. Sec. 174. 2. Shall as joint board report cost for preceding year to town meeting. Sec. 191. 3. Shall in joint board meeting pass upon cost of school in ex- cess of amount of appropriation. Sec. 192. 4. Shall cause sums due joint districts to be paid. Sees. 202, 203. 5. Shall give order for money in case of district neglecting to open school. Sec. 203. 9. Taxation. Act with assessors as board of relief. Sees. 245, 246. Chapter viii, page 38. 22 That number of persons sufficient to fill the board who have the highest number of votes shall be elected. powers and du- Said board shall have all the powers, and be subject bolr?. 8U< to all the duties of district committees. 1 And shall also have the general superintendence of the public schools in the district, and the management of its property. Shall lodge all bonds, leases, notes, and other securi- ties with the treasurer of said district, unless the same have been intrusted to others by the grantors or the General Assembly ; Pay into the treasury of the district all moneys which they may receive for the support of schools ; Determine the number and qualifications of the scholars to be admitted into each school ; Supply the requisite number of qualified teachers. Ascertain annually, during the first two weeks of September, the expense of maintaining the schools under their superintendence during the year ending the thirty- first day of the previous August, 8 and report the same, with the amount of moneys received towards the pay- ment thereof, to the district, at a meeting to be held on the third Monday of September in each year ; Shall, at the same time, make a full report of their doings and the condition of such schools, and all im- portant matters concerning the same ; And shall perform all lawful acts required of them by the district, or necessary to carry into effect the powers and duties herein defined. Reorganization All existing school societies, in which school districts of other socie- ties into dis- have been or may be abolished, may avail themselves of the privileges specified in this section. 8 o. s. sec. tisi*. See. 55. In all school districts in which boards of ?e open how to education are required by law to be elected by ballot, the ballot-boxes shall be open for the reception of votes : in districts having less than four hundred voters, three hours and not longer ; in districts having over four hun- 1 Chapter x, page 61; see sec. 170. 2 Sec. 190. 3 The districts which availed themselves of the provisions of this chap- ter are city district of New Haven, Westville of New Haven, Middletown City District, Norwich Central, Norwich West Chelsea, Norwich Town Street. See Union District of Orange, p. 110. 23 dred and less than one thousand voters, five hours and not longer ; and no box for the reception of ballots shall remain open later than half-past eight o'clock in the afternoon of the day of such election. Sec. 56. The property of the school societies, spec- ^ -* -~* SL fied in section 54, shall not be affected by the provisions eucu societies. not affected. of this title. Sec. 57. The board of education appointed by any Q. s. sec. ass. school district, organized under the provisions of section dS of "cards 54, shall possess all the powers and be subject to all the of duties within said district which are possessed by the school visitors in the several towns. l Shall make their annual report to the secretary of the State Board of Education, and send their returns and certificates directly to the Comptroller ; And may appoint an acting school visitor in said dis- trict, who shall possess, within said district, all the pow- 86fi o1 visitor7 ers and be subject to all the duties of similar officers appointed by school visitors. 2 The authority of the board of school visitors of the town in which said district is situated shall extend only to the remaining portion of said town and their returns town - and certificates shall include only the children of such remaining portion. 3 Sec. 58. The Comptroller, on application of the & - s - 8ec - 91SS - Apportionment board of education of such district, shall draw an order of public on the Treasurer in favor of such district for the pro- portionate amount, to which such district may be en- titled, of all moneys appropriated by law for the benefit, support, and encouragement of public schools, as is pro- vided in respect to towns ; 4 and the town in which said district is situated shall be entitled to receive only its proportionate amount of such public money for the children in the remaining portion of said town. 1 Sec. 78. 2 Sec. 88. 8 Special mention of duties is made as to 1. Evening schools, sees. 72, 67. 2. Employment of children, sec. 4. 8. Supplementary reading books, sec. 81. 4. Free text-books, sec. 45. 4 Chapter xiii, page 67. 24 CHAPTER V High Schools [GEN. STAT., TITLE xxxv, CHAPTER cxxxvin, PAGE 482] SECTION 5<. Powers of towns. 60. High school committees. 61. Powers of school visitors. 62. Towns to pay tuition of children in high school. SECTION 63. State to reimburse in part. 64. Number and names of children to be reported. G. S. sec. 2215. Powers of towns in rela- tion to high schools. . S. sec. 2216. 1893, ch. cxxviii, High school committees. G. S. sec. 2217. Powers in rela- tion to high schools. Sec. 59, In addition to the schools required by law in every town, any town may establish and maintain schools of a higher grade within its limits, and for such purpose purchase, receive, hold, and convey any prop- erty ; build and repair schoolhouses ; lay taxes, and make contracts and adopt regulations for the manage- ment of such schools. Sec. 60. Any town may choose by ballot at its annual town meeting, a committee of three, four, or five residents of the town, who shall have all such powers and duties in relation to such schools as are by law im- posed upon district committees in relation to district schools. 1 If the number to be chosen is three or four, no person shall vote for more than two ; if five, for not more than three. That number of persons sufficient to fill the committee who have the highest number of votes shall be elected. In case of a tie, that person whose name stands first or highest on the greatest number of ballots shall be elected. 2 See. 61. When any town shall maintain any school of a high grade, the board of school visitors shall pre- scribe rules for the admission of scholars into it, And for their studies, books, and classification ; Examine all candidates for teachers in such school, and give to those with whose moral character, literary attainments, and ability to teach they are satisfied a certificate, stating what branches they are found capa- ble of teaching ; 1 Chapter x, page 61. 2 Sec. 47. Visit such schools at least twice during each term ; May revoke the certificate of any teacher at any time, for the causes provided in section 78 ; And, if the town fail to elect a committee, as pro- vided in section 60, shall appoint such committee, whose powers and duties shall be the same as if appointed by the town. 1 Sec. 62. Any town in which a high school is not l^\ ch - ccxlix maintained shall pay the whole or any part of the tuition Towns to pay , .. , , . , .., , . ' j. tuition of chil- f ee of any child who resides with his parents or guardian dren in high in said town, and who, with the written consent of 8C ols ' w the school visitors or town school committee, attends a high school in another town, provided that the high school shall be approved by the state board of education. Such tuition fees shall be paid annually by the town treasurer upon the order of the chairman of the board of school visitors or town school committee. See, 63. Every town shall annually in July receive ISOT, ch. from the treasurer of the state an amount equal to two- state to reim- thirds of the aggregate of the sums which have actually paid by the town for tuition fees under the provisions of section 62 ; provided, that not more than thirty dollars shall be paid for each scholar attending from any town. See. 64. The number and names of the children attending high schools in towns other than those in Number and which they reside, and the high schools which they drS e to be C r h e-" have attended, shall, on or before the first day of July ported - in each year, be certified under oath by the acting school visitor of the town in which the pupils reside to the Duty of Comp . state board of education. The comptroller shall, on troller - application of said board, draw an order on the treasurer in favor of the town for the amount provided in section 63. 1 Chapter clii, Acts of 1893. 26 CHAPTER VI Evening Schools SECTION 65. Evening school s for those over 14. 66. Supervision of evening schools. 67. Expenses paid in part by the state. 68. Evening schools must be maintained how ong. 69. Evening schools to be maintained in larger towns. 70. Supervision of evening schools. SECTION 71. Children over 14 and under 16 who can- not read and write not to be employed in factory, etc., unless attending even- ing schoo . 72. Public money for evening schools. 73. State Board of Education may relieve towns from supporting evening schools. 74. Small towns may establish evening schools. G. S. sec, 2119. Evening schools for those over 14. G. S. sec. 2138. Supervision of evening schools. Same G. S. sec. 2139. Expenses paid in part by th State. the G S. sec. 2lhO w lon See. 65. Every town may establish and maintain, in addition to the schools required by law, public even- ing schools for the instruction of persons over fourteen years of age in the branches taught in the public day schools, l and such other studies as may be prescribed by the board of school visitors of such town. Sec. 66. The boards of school visitors shall have the supervision over public evening schools, 2 estab- lished pursuant to this title, as is by law conferred upon the school committee of consolidated districts. 8 Sec. 67. The board of school visitors, board of edu- cation, or town committee, as the case may be, of any town wherein such public evening schools are estab- lished and maintained, shall, annually, upon the first Monday of June, certify to the Comptroller the average number of scholars attending such schools within the current school year, 4 said year beginning on the first day of September ; and the Comptroller shall thereupon draw his order on the Treasurer of the State in favor of such board of school visitors, board of education, or town committee, for the use of such schools, in the sum of one dollar and a half for each scholar included in the number so certified, and the treasurer shall pay the same upon presentation. Sec. 68. It shall be the duty of boards of school visitors, boards of education, 5 and town committees of towns claiming the benefits of sections 65, 69, 73, and 74 'Sec. 38. 4 Sec. 190. 3 Sec. 65. 5 Sees. 54, 57. Sec. 152. 27 to maintain such evening schools for a continuous term of not less than fifty sessions in each school year, as above defined, and to report annually during the month of September to the State Board of Education concern- ing the condition and progress of the same. Sec. 69. Every town and school district having ten ISQS, ch. ccx, thousand or more inhabitants shall establish and main- Evening schools tain, in addition to the schools required by law, 6veningfiSj2 I toTOl schools for the instruction of persons over fourteen years of age, in such branches as the proper school au- thorities of the town or district shall prescribe ; pro- vided, that this act shall not apply to any district loca- ted in a town which maintains such schools. Sec. 70. Boards of school visitors, town school com- 1895, ch. ccx, mittees, or boards of education, as the case may be, shall 6e< provide rooms, examine, employ, and pay the teachers, and shall have all the powers and duties in relation to the Supervipion of schools established under sections 69-74, as by law belong evening schools. to town school committees in connection with day schools. Sec. 71. No person over fourteen and under sixteen isos, ch. ccx, _p_ O years of age, who cannot read and write, shall be em- Chi ' ]dren over 14 ployed in any town where evening schools are es- ^cannot read tablished under the provisions of this act unless he can produce every school month of twenty days a certificate JS^ from the teacher of an evening school established under evening school. this act showing that he has attended such school eigh- teen consecutive evenings in the current school month, and is a regular attendant. Any person who shall em- ploy a child contrary to the provisions of this section shall be fined not more than fifty dollars, and it shall be the duty of the State Board of Education to enforce the pro- visions of this act as provided in section 4. Sec. 72. The board of school visitors, board of edu- isos, ch. ccx, cation, or town school committee, as the case may be, of Public money any town wherein evening schools are established and p?hooiT mg maintained, under sections 65-74, shall annually, on the first Monday in July, certify to the Comptroller the average number of scholars attending such schools within the current school year, and the Comptroller shall thereupon draw his order on the Treasurer of the State in favor of such board of education, board of 28 lecV b ' ccx ' school visitors, or town school committee, for the use of such schools, in the sum of two dollars and a quarter for each scholar included in the number so certified, and the Treasurer shall pay the same upon presentation. No money shall be paid under the provisions of this section unless such evening schools have been main- tained for at least seventy-five sessions in each school year, nor until the board of school visitors, board of ed- ucation, or town school committee has reported to the State Board of Education concerning the condition and progress of said schools. ^ ee * ^' ^ any board of school visitors, board of ed- ucation, or town school committee shall deem it inexpe- dient or impracticable to establish a school under the provisions of sections 65 and 69, and shall, on or before the fifteenth day of October in any year, apply in writing state Boardof to the State Board of Education to be relieved from the provisions of this act, and if said board shall, upon in- vestigation, find the application to be reasonable, and shall so state in writing, the town or district so applying by its board of visitors, board of education, or town school committee, shall not be subject to the provisions of this act until the beginning of the school year follow- ing the date of the application. See. 74. Any town of less than ten thousand inhab- itants may, at its annual town meeting, vote to establish evening schools under the provisions of sections 65, 69, 84. 1895,^. ccx, 29 CHAPTER VII School Visitors [GEN. STAT., TITLE xxxv, CHAPTER cxxxrv, PAGE SECTION 75. Classification and filling of vacancies. 76. How chosen. 77. Teacher not to be school visitor nor town school committee. 78. Organization, duties, and powers. 79. Public school teachers to be examined in physiology, etc. 80. Change of text-books. 81. Supplementary reading. 82. Vaccination of school children. 83. Supervision of evening schools. 84. Expenses of evening schools paid in part by the State. 86. Evening schools must be maintained how long ; report. 86. Meetings. 87. Visitation of schools ; report to town. 88. Acting school visitor or superintendent, appointment of. SECTION 89. Town to provide text-books when parents are unable. 90. Returns to Comptroller ; certificate to selectmen. 91. Duties of secretary; forfeiture for fail- ure to make returns. 92. Secretary of State board to report for- feitures. 93. Report as to compliance with law as to study of physiology and hygiene to be made. 94. Address of district committees and teachers to be sent to State board. 95. Preservation of books and records. 96. Compensation of secretary and acting visitors. 97. Compensation of acting school visitor. 98. Reports and returns, how sworn to. See. 75. There shall be in every town 1 a board of a. s. sec. mi. school visitors, composed of three, six, or nine members, classe8 - as such town may determine, 2 divided into three equal classes; the first class shall hold office until the next an- nual town meeting, the second class until the second an- nual town meeting, and the third class until the third annual town meeting following, and until others are elected in their places; provided, that when said board is composed of only three members, they shall not be so divided into classes, and shall be elected for three years. Should any vacancy occur, the remaining members of J^gf 1 " 5 "* 1 hovf the board may fill it till the next annual town meeting, when all vacancies shall be filled in the manner pre- scribed in the succeeding section, and the ballots shall distinctly specify the vacancy to be filled. Sec. 76. School visitors shall be chosen by ballot. 8 0. s. sec. am. If the number to be chosen be two, four, six, or eight, How Ch086n * 1 Sees. 46, 47. 5 When a school district is organized under the provisions of chapter iv, school visitors' authority extends to remaining portion of town only, Sec. 57. 3 Sec. 47. 30 ixvii, 1895 ch ixvii eec.a. act. ec G.s.8ec.tiss. Dutie8. zatlon ' no person shall vote for more than half of such number. If the number to be chosen be three, no person shall vote for more than two; if five, not more than three; if seven, not more than four; if 'nine, not more than five. That number of persons sufficient to fill the board who have the highest number of votes shall be elected. In case of a tie, that person whose name stands first or high- est on the greatest number of ballots shall be elected. See. 77. No person elected to the office of school visitor or town committee shall be employed as teacher in the town where he or she is school visitor or town committee. If any school visitor or town committee sna ll be employed contrary to the provisions of this section, the office of school visitor or town committee to which he was elected shall become vacant, and his successor shall be appointed under the provisions of section 75. See. 78. Each board of school visitors shall an- nually choose from themselves a chairman and a secre- tary. They shall prescribe rules 1 for the management, stud- ies, 2 classification, and discipline of the public schools. And subject to the control of the State Board of Edu- cation, the text-books to be used; 3 Examination of Shall, as a board, or by a committee by them ap- teachers. _, J * pointed, examine all persons desiring to teach in the public schools; and give to those with whose moral character and ability to teach they are satisfied, if found qualified to teach reading, writing, arithmetic, and gram- mar thoroughly, and the rudiments of geography and history, and of drawing, if required by the board, a cer- tificate, 4 either authorizing the holder to teach in any 1 That rules as to attendance can be made is implied in sec. 18. Rules need not be recorded. 105 Mass., 475. In the absence of rules estab- lished by the school board or other proper authority, the teacher has a right to make all necessary and proper rules for the regulation of the school. 53 Conn., 481. 2 Sees. 38, 44, 65. May prescribe studies, sec. 38. 3 Sees. 2, 80, 81. 4 Sec. 175 (a) May accept certificate of State, sec. 5. (6) Shall exam- ine high school teachers, sec. 61. (c) Teachers must be qualified to teach physiology, sec. 79. 31 district in the town so long as desired, without further examination, unless specially ordered, or to teach in any such district during the ensuing term only, or to teach only in a district therein named during such term ; and if a person is examined in and found qualified to teach other branches besides those required in all cases, such named m the - 1 certificate. branches shall be named in his certificate. 1 They shall revoke the certificates of such teachers shall at any time be found incompetent to teach or to incompetent ,, . . teachers. manage a school, or fail to conform to the requirements of the board. Shall, if the town so direct, employ the teachers for JirS them to all its public schools, 8 after consulting with the several fS?ie. district committees. Shall make proper rules for the arrangement, use TO make rules JT . _. . i i .. i i TI . for libraries. and safe-keeping of the district and high school libraries provided in part by the State, and approve the books selected therefor. 3 And shall fill vacancies in district offices, 4 fix sites, housJStes? 1 ' and approve plans for schoolhouses. 5 And superintend any high or graded school, in the Hi g h schools. manner specified in this title. 6 7 See, 79. No certificate shall hereafter be granted to > 4 ch - clvii > any person to teach in the public schools of Connecticut Pu wic school . * teacher to be who has not passed a satisfactory examination in physi- examined in , . physiology, etc. ology and hygiene, with special reference to the effects and nature of alcoholic drinks and other narcotics upon the human system. Sec. 80. No board of school visitors or school com- <*& * f Re- mittee shall change any text-books used in the public books - schools, except by a two-thirds vote of all the members of the board or committee, notice of such intended change having been previously given at a meeting of 1 A general certificate, without limitation of time, given to a teacher, qualities him to teach in any district of the town, until it is annulled or a re-examination ordered. 36 Conn., 282. 2 Sees. 43, 102, 170. May employ teachers if district neglect or refuse, sec. 132. 3 Sec. 172. 4 Sees. 61, 128. 6 Sees. 134, 135. Sec. 61. 1 Powers and duties not given above are stated in connection with the following : 3 32 said board held at least one week previous to such change. o.s. we. 2136. See. 81. The board of education of any district or s?ppiemeJtary the board of school visitors or town school committee of any town may, in addition to the text-books prescribed according to the provisions of section 78, prescribe the use of other series of books to be used as text-books in reading ; provided, such additional series are purchased by the district or town, and the use thereof furnished free to the scholars. 1 SeG ' 82 ' The board of school visitors of any town have authority to require that every child shall be vaccinated before being permitted to attend any public school under their jurisdiction. If the parents or guar- , how dians of any children are unable to pay for vaccination J defrayed. . * A u i -i when so required, the expense of vaccinating such chil- dren shall, on the recommendation of said board, be paid out of the town treasury. 2 1 Duties as to free text-books, sec. 45. 2 The provisions of this statute do not violate the constitution of the United States nor of this State, and are a reasonable exercise of the police power of the State. Bissell v. Davison, 65 Conn., 183. Education is not so much a technical right possessed by a child or his parents as a privilege or advantage granted by the State to be used or engaged upon such reasonable terms and conditions as the law-making power within constitutional limits may see fit to impose. See Note 7, p. 31. 1. Enforcement of laws relating to : (a) Employment of children. Sec. 4. (&) Attendance and instruction. Sec. 26. 1. May inspect certificates of attendance. Sec. 24. 2. May grant certificates of attendance. Sec. 24. 3. May nominate to selectmen persons to be appointed special constables. Sec. 35. 2. Normal school ; shall assist in selection of students. Sees. 9, 10. 3. Returns to school visitors by : (a) District committee of beginning and close of term. Sec. 171. (b) District committee of enumeration. Sees. 171, 177. (c) District committee of enumeration in the parts of joint districts. Sec. 171. (d) District committee of receipts, expenditures, statistics, etc. Sec. 171. (e) District clerk of names of district officers. Sec. 127. UFMVC.no 1 1 O. OF 33 Sec. 83. The boards of school visitors shall have the G - same supervision over public evening schools, 1 estab- lished pursuant to this title, as is by law conferred upon the school committee of consolidated districts. a See. 84. The board of school visitors, board of edu- G - s - *<* * 1S9 - ... ,, , j. Expenses paid cation, or town committee, as the case may be, of any m part by the town wherein such public evening schools are estab- lished and maintained, shall, annually, upon the first 4. School buildings (a) Inspection. Sec. 87. Buildings must be in satisfactory condition. Sec. 133. (5) Approve sites. Sec. 134. (c) May fix sites in adjoining towns on application of a district. Sec. 135. 5. Enumeration and distribution of State money : (a) Shall make enumeration if committee fails. Sec. 177. (b) Shall examine returns of enumeration. Sec. 181. (c) Shall lodge returns with town treasurer. Sec. 181. (d) Shall make returns to comptroller. Sees. 90, 181. (e) Shall certify to Comptroller that schools have been kept ac- cording to law. Sec. 182. (/) Shall withhold certificate if schools have not been kept ac- cording to law. Sec. 185. 6. Estimates (a) Shall as a joint board with selectmen make prelimin- ary estimates, and notify committees. Sec. 189. (b) Shall as joint board with selectmen present estimates to town meeting. Sec. 191. 7. Appropriations (a) Shall as joint board with selectmen fix amounts and notify each district. Sec. 191. (b) May as joint board with selectmen appropriate moneys for school libraries. Sec. 174. 8. Expenses (a) Shall as joint board with selectmen report cost for preceding year to town meeting. Sec. 191. (b) Shall as joint board with selectmen pass upon ex- pense in addition to amounts appropriated. Sec. 192. (e) Apportion expense of joint districts, and report to selectmen of each town. Sec. 202. 9. Payment of teachers. Shall give certificate to selectmen that schools have been kept according to law. Sees. 192, 193. 10. Consolidated districts. On abandonment of town system town committee remains board of visitors. Sec. 166. 11. Admission of non-resident scholars. May in connection with committee admit such scholars. Sec. 140. 12. Union of small schools. Shall approve such union. Sec. 196. 13. May make complaint to board of health when sanitary condition; of schoolhouse is unsatisfactory. Sec. 210. Sec. 65. 2 Sec. 152. G. S. sec. tained,howlong. a. s. sec. Meetings. 1893, ch. xli. Visitation of achools. Monday of June, certify to the Comptroller the average number of scholars attending such schools within the current school year, 1 said year beginning on the first day of September ; and the Comptroller shall thereupon draw his order on the Treasurer of the State in favor of such board of school visitors, board of education, or town committee, for the use of such schools, in the sum of one dollar and a half for each scholar included in the number so certified, and the treasurer shall pay the same upon presentation. See. 85. It shall be the duty of boards of school visitors, boards of education, 2 and town committees 8 of towns claiming the benefits of sections 65, 69, 73, and 74 to maintain such evening schools for a continuous term of not less than fifty sessions in each school year, as above defined, and to report annually during the month of September to the State Board of Education concerning the condition and progress of the same. 4 Sec. 86. The chairman of each board of school vis- itors, or, in case of his absence or inability to act, its secretary, shall call a meeting of the board at least once every six months, and whenever he deems it necessary, or is requested in writing so to do by three of its mem- bers. If no meeting is called within fourteen days after such a request has been made, one may be called by any three members of the board, by giving the usual written notice to the others. See. 87. The board shall annually assign the duty of visiting the schools of the town to one or more of their number ; if one only is assigned, he shall be called the acting school visitor or superintendent of public schools ; if more than one, they shall be called the act- ing school visitors, 5 and such school officer or officers shall visit such schools at least twice during each term, once within four weeks after the opening, and again during the four weeks preceding the close, at which visit the schoolhouse and outbuildings, 6 school register, 7 and library 8 shall be examined, and the studies, disci- 1 Sec. 190. *~Secs. 54, 57. 3 Sees. 149, 152. * Sec. 2. 6 For duties in connection with payment of teachers, etc., sees. 192, 193. 6 Sec. 135. 7 Sees. 2, 176. 8 Sec. 173. 35 pline, mode of teaching, and general condition of the school investigated. Half a day shall be spent in each school so visited, unless otherwise directed by the board. They shall, one week at least before the annual town meeting, submit to the board a full written report of their proceedings, and of the condition of the several schools during the year preceding, with plans and sug- gestions for their improvement. Sec. 88. Boards of education, 1 town committees, 2 and 0- s - * ec - **&* ,,... . . , Appointment of boards of school visitors may appoint a person, not one acting school of their own number, to be acting school visitor or su- Sffient. 8111 perintendent of schools, who shall have all the powers, His powers, perform all the duties, and receive the pay prescribed du by law for acting school visitors, and any town at its annual town meeting may fix the compensation 8 of the compensation. acting school visitor or superintendent. Sec. 89. Whenever the acting school visitor shall ISOT, en. find that any pupils in the public schools are not sup- plied with the text-books prescribed by the school visitors, and in the opinion of said school visitor the parents of the pupils are unable to buy the required books, the said acting visitor shall purchase the said books and shall certify the cost of the same to the select- men, who shall draw an order on the town treasurer for the payment of the bill. Sec. 90. The board of school visitors shall make re- 0. s. sec. ms. turns, signed by the chairman and secretary, of the coSp?roiien he number of persons over four and under sixteen years of age in their respective towns to the Comptroller, 4 And shall in said returns specify how many of those thus returned attended some school, public or private, within the previous calendar year, and how many did not attend any school within that year. They shall also state how many of those who attended no school were under five years of age, how many were over five and under eight, how many were over eight and under fourteen, and how many were over fourteen and under sixteen years of age. 1 Sees. 54, 57. a Sees. 149, 152. 8 Sees. 96, 97. 4 Sees. 177, 181, 182. 36 And the chairman and secretary shall draw orders on him for the public money due the town as prescribed in chapter xiii. But no town shall receive any money for moneyfromthe schools, from the State treasury, unless the returns State unless , , , , return be made, herein required are duly made. certificate to After the close of each term of school in any district, the school visitors shall give to the selectmen a certifi- cate stating whether each school has been kept in all re- spects according to law or not ; 1 joint duties And shall, in connection with the selectmen, 2 perform with selectmen. , .11 i .. -, the duties required by the provisions of said chapter, and make the apportionment required in the case of dis- tricts formed from parts of two or more towns, as pre- scribed in section 202. G.s.sec.m6. See. 91. The secretary of the board shall keep a cretary. tht record of all its proceedings and of those of the acting school visitors, and of the decisions of the joint board of school visitors and selectmen, 3 required by said chapter, in a book which he shall provide for that purpose at the expense of the town; Shall submit to the town at its annual meeting a written report of the doings of the board, with the report of the acting school visitors; 4 And on or before the fifteenth day of October, send two copies of said reports to the secretary of the State Board of Education;, and shall furnish such additional returns and statistics respecting the schools of the town as said board may call for. Forfeiture for And if the returns and statistics 6 called for by the returns Estate secretary of the State Board of Education shall not be sent to him on or before said fifteenth day of October, then every town and every school district 6 required by law to make separate returns, whose returns and statis- tics shall be willfully or negligently delayed till after that day, shall forfeit of the one dollar and fifty cents per child which is paid from the State treasury, 7 one per cent, for the first week of such delay, two per cent, for a 1 Sees. 192, 193. 2 g ecs 189> 191j 193j 2 00. 8 Duties of joint board, sees. 189, 191, 192, 200. 4 Sec. 87. B See sec. 2, note. 6 Sees. 57, 152. 7 Sec. 182. 37 delay of two weeks, three per cent, for a delay of three weeks, five per cent, for a delay of four weeks, and ten per cent, for a delay exceeding four weeks. Sec. 92. The secretary of the State Board of Educa- Q.s.sec.tiM. tion shall annually, in January, give to the Gomp-tJSebSuSfto troller, in writing, a list of the towns and districts which K, rt f have incurred the forfeiture described in the preceding section, with the percentage of forfeiture in each case ; and the Comptroller, in making payment of school moneys aforesaid, 1 shall deduct the amount of money which each town or district shall have forfeited under the provisions of said section. 2 Sec. 93. It shall be the duty of all school visitors report to the Comptroller if the provisions of sections and 42 have not been complied with; and any failure thus be made reported, or otherwise satisfactorily proven, shall be deemed sufficient cause for withholding the amount of school dividend which such district or districts are other- wise entitled to receive. Sec. 94. The school visitors of each town, and the ^ -s.see.tu8. board of education in consolidated districts, 8 shall annu- ally in the month of October return to the secretary of the State Board of Education 4 the names and post-office %* of Educa addresses of district committees, and also within four weeks from the beginning of each school term return the name and post-office address of each teacher em- ployed in the public schools of such town or consolidated district. Sec. 95. All school officers shall preserve all books G.S.MC. 211*9. and documents of permanent value, pertaining to schools, boo r and n which come into their hands by virtue of their offices, rec( and transmit them to their successors. Sec. 96. The secretary and other acting school vis- G. s. sec. mo. itors shall be paid by the town for the time actually em- gSBSSSwH ployed in the performance of their duties two dollars a actin visitor - day, each, and in like proportion for parts of days, and such further compensation as their respective towns may fix at an annual meeting. 1 Sec. 182. * Remission of forfeitures, sec. 204. 3 Chapter ix, page 52. 4 See note to sec. 2. 38 G. s.sec. mu. visitors. O. S. sec. 2151. Reports and returns, how eworn to. See. 97. Acting school visitors shall receive two dollars a day each for the time actually employed in the performance of their duties, and like proportion for parts of days, and such further compensation as their respective towns may fix at an annual meeting. See. 98. All reports and returns required by the pro- visions of this title to be made on oath or affirmation may be affirmed or sworn to before any school visitor. CHAPTER VIII. School Districts [GEN. STAT., CHAPTER cxxxv, PAGE 470] SECTION 99. Committee to be ex offlcio agent. 100. Formation and alteration of districts. 101. Division of districts formed from parts of two or more towns. 102. Powers of school districts. 103. Records of names and bounds. 104. Settlement of boundary lines. 105. Notice of proposition to alter school districts. 106. Appeals to superior court. 107. Proceedings on appeals. 103. Disposition of school property on alter- ation of districts. 109. Division of real estate. 110. Settlement of proportions of indebted- ness of divided school district. 111. Powers of superior court, in premises. 112. Associations formed under Act of 1841. 113. Control of districts formed from parts of two or more towns. 114. District meetings, when held and how called. 115. District meetings, where held. 116. Notice of meetings. 117. Legal voters of school districts. 118. What paupers may vote in district meetings. 119. Conduct of school meetings, registry list, etc. 120. What matters decided by ballot, poll- ing places, etc. SECTION 121. Special meetings. 123. Compensation for preparing lists. 123. Choice of moderator; illegal voting in district meetings. 124. Officers, qualifications, and appoint- ment. 125. Appointment of a committee of three. 126. Majority to elect. 127. Certificate of election of officers to be forwarded to the secretary of board of school visitors ; penalty. 128. Vacancies, how filled. 129. Duties of officers. 130. Bonds may be required from officers. 131. Records and papers to be open to in- spection ; penalty. 132. Neglect of a district to open school. 133. Every district must have a school- house. 134. Erection of schoolhouses. 135. Fixing site. 136. Districts may take land for school- houses. 137. Mode of taking land. 138. Owners to be paid before land is occu- pied. 139. Land of ecclesiastical society not to be taken. 140. Non-resident scholars. 141. Use of schoolhouse for other purposes. agent OJ ^ SeG ' "' In the abs ence of any special appointment, committee of any school district shall be the agent ex officio of said district. 39 Sec. 1 00. Each town shall have power to form, unite, o. s. sec. 2153. alter, and dissolve school districts and parts of school a iteSS>n n o? n districts within its limits; 1 and any two or more towns J may form school districts of adjoining portions of their 8ec - L respective towns. 2 Sec. 101. Whenever a school district is formed from 1397, ch. xxi parts of two or more towns, either of said towns shall ision of have power to divide such district by annexing portions lying in said town to any adjoining district therein. 3 Sec. 102. 4 Every school district shall be a body cor- G. s. see. UBS. porate and shall have power to sue and be sued, 5 to pur- chase, receive, hold, and convey real and personal prop- erty for school purposes. To build, purchase, hire, and repair schoolhouses, and supply them with fuel, furniture, and other appendages and accommodations. 6 To establish schools of different grades. 7 To purchase globes, maps, blackboards, and other school apparatus. 8 Te establish and maintain a school library. 9 1 Procedure. Sec. 105. 8 A validating act makes not only the first meeting held under a de- fective warning legal, but all the subsequent proceedings so far as affected by the illegality of the first meeting. 52 Conn., 44. 3 Bee sec. 100. 4 There is no authority conferred on a school district to raise money for other purposes than those specified in Gen. Stat., Sec. 2155. 60 Conn., 230. 6 Districts may sue by the name by which they are generally known. 13 Conn., 234. Every inhabitant of a district is a party to any suit brought against it, and may appear and defend, and is concluded by the judgment ; and his property may be taken upon any execution issued against it. 10 Conn., 395-397. 6 Sees. 133, 134, 135. Much must be left to the discretion of a district in determining as to the character and cost of its schoolhouses, and the courts will not interfere unless in a case where such discretion has been manifestly abused. Pro- viding a hall in the building separate from the schoolrooms for district meetings, lectures, etc., is not necessarily improper. 25 Conn., 226, 227. 1 School visitors hav power to classify. Sec. 78. 8 If purchased by State aid must be approved by school visitors. Sec. 173. 9 Chapter xi, page 63. 40 To employ teachers, 1 except for such time as the town may direct the school visitors to employ the teachers. And shall pay the wages 2 of such teachers as are em- ployed by the district committee in conformity to law ; To lay taxes 8 and borrow money for all the foregoing purposes ; 4 And to make all lawful agreements and regulations for establishing and conducting schools, not inconsistent with the regulations of the town having jurisdiction of the schools in such district. 6 sue. s eCj |03. The name, number, and limits of every namesand school district shall be entered on its records, and on the records of the town or towns to which it belongs. 6 G.s.8ec.si57. Sec. 104. When the boundary lines of any district are not clearly settled and defined, the selectmen of the town in which it is situated shall settle and define the same ; they shall also settle and define the boundary lines of any new district; and when said selectmen cannot agree in settling and defining said lines, the town to which said district belongs may appoint three indifferent persons for that purpose, who shall have the same authority therein as is herein conferred upon said selectmen ; and when parts of such dis- tricts lie in two or more towns, the selectmen of the 1 Sees. 43, 78. Districts have power to remove teachers as well as to appoint them. 33 Conn., 304. 2 Sees. 192, 193. 1 A vote laying a tax need not specify the particular expenses which it is designed to meet if it can be inferred with reasonable certainty that it is imposed for legitimate purposes. 12 Conn., 439. For method of levy- ing taxes see chapter xvii, page 88. 4 A district cannot raise money by taxation for purposes beyond the scope of its powers, even though approved by a majority of its voters, and this section limits the purposes to those specified in it. 60 Conn. , 234. 6 Chapters iii and vii, pp. 16, 29. - 6 If proper officer fails to make record, he can be compelled to do it by writ of mandamus, but the omission of it does not affect the legal exist- ence of the district. 52 Conn., 44. In the absence of record evidence of the establishment of school dis- trict, its legal character as such may be proved by reputation. The district claiming the territory in question must show a definite Hne bounding it. 54 Conn., 74. 41 towns in which any such parts is situated, or, in case of disagreement, three indifferent persons appointed by any judge of the Superior Court, on application of either town and notice to the other, shall settle and define the boundary lines of such part. Sec. 105. When it is proposed to form, alter, unite, G.S.MC. or dissolve any school district or districts, notice 1 such change is proposed shall be posted on the school- 8Ch o1 districts, house in each school district to be affected, or if there be 1895 ch cxxx no schoolhouse in any of such school districts, at the usual place for posting warnings for meetings of such districts, and printed in a newspaper or newspapers pub- lished in the town to which such districts or any one of them may belong if any there be, and a copy of the same shall be left with the clerk of each of said districts at least fifteen days before the town is called to act upon the proposition. See. 106. When application shall be made to a town G. s. sec. tm. to form, alter, or dissolve a school district, or to unite HS? e c a our t. Supe ' two or more school districts, any district aggrieved by the action or neglect of action of the town, in the prem- ises, may appeal from such action or neglect of action to the Superior Court of the county in which such town is situated, within one year next after the action or neg- lect appealed from, by an application containing a brief statement, that such an appeal is taken, by whom, and Mode of from what, signed by the agent of the appellant ; to m| which shall be annexed a citation signed by proper au- thority, notifying the appellees to appear at the court to which such appeal is taken ; and service thereof shall be made by some proper officer by leaving a true and at- tested copy of such appeal and citation with the town clerk, or a selectman of such town, and with the clerk, or one of the district committee, of any other district inter- ested, at least twelve days before the session of the court. 2 1 Notice need not be signed by selectmen, but one signed by one mem- ber of district in behalf of himself and others sufficient. 52 Conn., 44. 2 54 Conn., 50. 42 G. s. sec. 2160. See. 107. Said court shall have the same powers to act upon said application that said town had, and may appoint a committee to report the facts and its opinion thereon ; and the final decree of the court shall be re- corded in the records of said town ; and said court may allow and tax costs at its discretion, including fees for Effect of decree surveys, copies, and recording decree. Unless the town shall thereafter abolish all the school districts and parts of districts within its limits, no alteration of the lines fixed by such decree shall be made, except by the Superior Court of such county ; which shall have orig- inal jurisdiction of any application for the purpose made by any district interested. Sec * 108 ' When an y districts shall be consolidated, the new district shall own all the property of the several Df districts ; and when a district shall be divided, its prop- erty, or the income and proceeds thereof, shall be dis- tributed among the several parts, in proportion to the number of persons between four and sixteen years of age in each ; and in case the distribution shall not be made before the district is divided, and the several parts cannot agree, the selectmen of the town, or if the dis- trict lies in two or more towns, the selectmen of the sev- eral towns, shall distribute the same. o. s. sec. 216*. See. 109. When, on any such division of a district, State " f real i^ s on ly or principal property shall consist of a school- house and real estate connected therewith, which can- not be divided between the several parts of said district without great inconvenience, the selectmen of the town, instead of dividing such schoolhouse and real estate, shall set it all to one part, and award that the other part or parts shall receive, from the part to which it is set, such sum of money as such selectmen may deem just ; and such award shall be binding upon the several parts of said district. 1893, ch. cxxiii, See. 110. Whenever any school district has been or shall hereafter be divided into two or more districts, and Settlement of proportions of the said districts cannot agree upon the distribution of indebtedness or r a divided school the property and assets of said districts, between the two districts, or cannot agree upon the proportion that each district shall pay of the debts of the district owing at 43 the time of the division, either of said districts may bring its complaint to the Superior Court in the county in which said districts are located, praying for such re- lief as it claims it is entitled to. Sec. 111. Such complaint shall state the facts upon which the plaintiff claims relief, and shall be served Powers of supe- ...... .1 . rior Court in upon the respondent district in the same manner as in the premises. -civil actions, and said court may distribute the property and assets between the districts or set the entire prop- erty and assets to one district, as it shall find for the best interests of the district ; and in case the property and assets are set to one of said districts, shall find and decree the sum of money that such district so receiving said property shall pay to the other district ; and said court shall find and decree the proportion that each dis- trict shall pay of the debts and liabilities outstanding at the time of the division. Sec. 112. All associations under the act of 1841, o. s. allowing any two or more adjoining school districts to associate together and form a union district, entered Actl into before the repeal of said act, shall continue to be managed and regulated according to the provisions of said act, unless the town shall abolish or consolidate all the school districts within its limits. 1 Sec. 113. The schools in every school district formed o. s. sec.nm. from parts of two or more towns shall be under the charge and direction of the town in which the school- J house is situated, unless the towns shall agree other- towM - wise." Sec. 114. Every school district shall hold an annual G. s. sec. am. meeting in the month of June in each year, for the gs, r whSfteid choice of officers, and for the transaction of any other and ' how called - business relating to schools ; and shall also hold a spe- cial meeting when the same shall be duly called. 8 Sec. 115. District meetings shall be held at the dis- &. s.sec.zm. trict schoolhouse ; but if there be no suitable school- g house, the committee, if there be one, otherwise the clerk, and if there be no committee or clerk, the select- 1 Chapter ix, page 52. 9 Method of apportioning money, sees. 90, 202. 3 Sees. 121, 170. 44 men of the town to which said district belongs shall de- termine the place of meeting, which shall, in all cases, be within the district. o.s.ue.ti67. s ee . H6. Notice of the time, 1 place, and object of Notice of meet- ings, every meeting of the district shall be given at least five days previous to holding it, including the day the no- tice is given, but not including the day of holding said meeting. The committee, or, if there be no such com- mittee, the clerk, or, if there be no committee or clerk, the selectmen of the town, shall give notice of a district meeting, either by publishing the same in a newspaper printed in the district, or by posting a notice on the schoolhouse, or on the sign-post in the district, or in some other mode previously designated by the district; but if there be no such newspaper, schoolhouse, or sign- post, or other mode so designated, the selectmen of the town to which said district belongs shall determine how the notice shall be given. The person or persons giving such notice shall, on the day of giving it, leave a dupli- cate of it with the clerk, if any, of the district; if not, with the selectmen to be delivered to the clerk when ap- pointed, who shall preserve it on file. 2 Lel'i'votersoV SeC5 ' * * 7 ' ^ e legal voters 3 of any school district 8c?ooi V di8tr 8 icts. shall consist only of the legal voters of the town or towns in which said district is situated, who have resided in said school district for the period of four months next immediately preceding. mtt^aifers S6C ' * * 8 ' No inmate of the almshouse of any town, may vote into* other than the officers and employes of the town resid- ing therein, shall be entitled to vote at any school meet- ing of the district wherein such almshouse is situated, 1 The meeting must be opened within a reasonable time after the hour specified in the warning. A delay of over an hour is not necessarily un- reasonable. 13 Conn., 234. 2 All that is required in the notice is, that it should be so expressed that the inhabitants may fairly understand the purpose of the meeting. 13 Conn., 234. Tf it state the object plainly, it need not specify the mode of accomplishing it, and if there is more than one sign-post in the district, the notice may be posted on any of them. 15 Conn., 332. It is not necessary to state business in warning so fully or precisely that no opportunity for change and no variation of mode shall be left to- meeting. 55 Conn., 246. 3 Sees. 263-266. 45 unless a resident of such district at the time of his be- coming such inmate. Sec. 119. In every school district whose limits are o. s. sec. mo. the same as the limits of the town in which it is situated, ? c ^S C meeting, the town registry list shall be the registry list for school re s istr y list etc - purposes, l and in every other school district enumerating four hundred or more children, as returned to the Comp- troller, the registrars of voters of the town in which the schoolhouse of said district is situated shall have the same powers in reference to voting lists, appointing modera- tors and box-tenders of school-district meetings, as they now have in the election of town, city, or ward officers; and said registrars of voters shall, upon the written request of twenty or more legal voters of said school district, deposited with either of said registrars of voters at least twenty days before the annual meeting of said district, prepare and complete a correct list of all the legal voters of said school district, and lodge the same with the clerk of said district at least five days before said annual meeting; and in every other school district the clerk of said district shall, upon the written request of twenty or more legal voters of such district, lodged with said clerk at least twenty days before the annual meeting of said district, prepare the check list of the legal voters of said district, to be used at any meeting for the election of officers in said district, or for the tak- ing of any vote by ballot which may be requested by one third of the legal voters present at any meeting of the school district; and it shall be his duty to add to said list the name of any legal voter omitted, and to erase there- from the name of any person improperly entered thereon, and for this purpose he shall have all the powers within said district which the registrars of voters have in their respective towns. See. 120. Whenever one-third of the legal voters &. s. sec. tm. present at any meeting of a school district having such Sded by^Sa- registration shall request that any vote or votes upon question pending before such meeting shall be taken by ballot and check-list of the legal voters of said district, 1 Sec. 150. 46 G. S. sec. f 17*. Special meet- ings. O. 8. sec. 2173. Compensation for preparing lists. Q. S. sec. mk. Choice of mod- erator ; illegal voting in dis- trict meeting. the chairman of such meeting shall cause said vote or votes to be so taken, and if said vote or votes cannot be then and there conveniently and properly taken, he shall, upon the like request of said one-third of the legal voters present, adjourn said meeting to the usual polling place or places in said district, if there be any, and if there be none, then to the most suitable and convenient place or places in said district, at such time within one week there- after as he may designate, when and where said vote or votes shall be taken between the hours of nine o'clock in the morning and five o'clock in the afternoon, and the result shall be ascertained and declared by said chair- man, and recorded by the clerk upon the records of said district. Sec. 121. Upon the written request of twenty or more legal voters of any school district having such reg- istration, to the committee to call a special meeting to vote by ballot and check-list upon any resolutions ap- pended to such request, said committee shall call such meeting within three weeks thereafter, at some suitable time and place in such district, to be particularly stated in the call, when and where said vote or votes shall be taken, and the result ascertained, declared, and recorded in the manner provided in the preceding section. Upon like request, the committee of any school district having such registration shall cause all elections of officers of such district to be had by ballot and check-list, as in this and the preceding section provided. See. 122. The compensation of each of said regis- trars of voters, or of said district clerks for preparing said lists, shall be the same per diem as that paid by the town in which said district is situated to said registrars of voters, per diem, for preparing the voting lists used at State, town, city, or ward elections, and shall be paid by the treasurer of the school district for which such list is prepared. See. 123. Every meeting may choose its own mod- erator, and may adjourn from time to time to meet at the same or some other place in the district. Every per- 47 son who shall vote illegally 1 in any school district meet- ing shall forfeit thirty dollars to the town in which the offense is committed. Sec. 124. Each school district shall choose, by ballot, <* at the annual meeting, 2 a committee of not more than three persons, 8 a clerk, who shall be sworn, 4 and a treas- app011 urer and collector ; B who shall hold their respective offices for the period of one year from the fifteenth day of July next succeeding, and until others are chosen and isso, ch. xivii, qualified f and any resident of the district so chosen, who 8ec> 1- shall refuse or neglect to perform the duties of the office, shall pay five dollars to said district ; but any new dis- trict may choose its officers at its first, or at any subse- quent meeting, called by the selectmen of the town; 7 who shall hold their offices till the annual meeting of such district. The members of the district committee shall be residents of the district ; but the other offices may be filled by any inhabitants of the town to which said district belongs. See. 125. Any school district having by its last G - s - 8ec - * 176 - i i -i i .1 -i i Appointment of enumeration not less than two hundred children between a committee of , . , .. . , three in districts four and sixteen years of age, may, at any annual meet- having two hun- ing, due notice being inserted in the call therefor, order etc ed that its committee shall consist of three persons chosen by ballot, divided into three classes holding office for one, two, and three years, and that annually thereafter one member shall be chosen by ballot, to hold office for three years. Should any vacancy occur, the remaining members of the committee may fill it until the next an- nual district meeting, when all vacancies shall be filled. Whenever any district has appointed its committee as herein provided, such district may, at any special meeting called for the purpose, vote that it will no longer so ap- 1 Sec. 117. 2 Sec. 114. 8 Sees. 170, 171. 4 Form of oath ' ' You solemnly swear that you will faithfully dis- charge, according to law, your duties as clerk of the district to the best of your ability ; so help you God." G. S., sec. 3264. The clerk need not take oath of office immediately after his election, or before taking minutes of the proceedings at a district meeting ; pro- vided he takes it before he performs any regular official act, such as mak- ing or sanctioning a formal record. 15 Conn., 333. 6 G. S., sec. 3876. 42 Conn., 32. ' Sec. 50. 48 point its committee, and thereupon the terms of office of all the members of its committee shall end at its next annual meeting, and thereafter its committee shall be appointed according to the provisions of the general law. G.s.8ec.2m. See. 126. In all elections of officers of school dis- eiect nt: tricts, a majority of the votes cast shall be required to elect, 1 unless otherwise expressly provided. Q. s. sec. zm. See. 127. The clerk of every school district shall, eiection a of 8 offi- within thirty days after the election of officers in such warded to sec- district, forward to the secretary of the board of school ofschooi visi? visitors of the town wherein said school district is lo- cated, a certified list of the officers elected at such meet- ing, together with the post-office address of each. In case any district is situated partly in two or more towns, such list shall be sent to the secretary of the board of school visitors of each of said towns. Any clerk who Penalty. shall fail to comply with the provisions of this section shall forfeit ten dollars to the district of which he is clerk. Vacancies 'tow S6C ' 128 ' If ^^ district > at tn<3 time f r tne filled. meeting, shall fail to appoint all, or any of its officers; or if any vacancy shall occur by removal from the dis- trict, or otherwise, the school visitors of the town to which such district belongs shall make such appointment 2 and fill such vacancy, on receiving written notice thereof from any three members of the district ; and shall lodge the names of such officers so appointed with the district clerk. G. s. sec. mo. See. 129. The clerk, treasurer, and collector of each cers! es m " school district shall exercise the same powers and per- form the same duties in their respective districts as the clerks, treasurers, and collectors of towns do in their re- spective towns. 3 G. s. sec. 2181. See. 130. Any district may require the treasurer Squ ( ir 3 ed D frJm be and collector respectively to give bonds to the district, officers. 1 A plurality vote, taken by ballot, is insufficient to elect the committee of a school district even if they be afterwards declared elected by viva wee major vote. 42 Conn., 34. 2 Sec. 78. 3 G. S., chapter ix, page 19, town clerk. " x, page 21, treasurer. " ccxlii, page 861, collector. 49 to the approval of the district committee, for the faithful discharge of the duties of their respective offices, before assuming such duties. Sec. 131. All records 1 and papers relating to or af- &> s. sec. sist. f ecting the interest of any school district shall at all times papers tojbe be open to the inspection and examination of any person K * liable to pay taxes in said district. Any clerk of a school district willfully concealing, Penalty, refusing, or neglecting to furnish reasonable access to any such records or papers, or giving false or incorrect information as to the same, shall forfeit twenty-five dol- lars, one-half to the use of said district, the other half to such person as shall prosecute to effect. Sec. 132. In case of any refusal or neglect by any G.s.sec. giss. district to employ a teacher and keep open a school dur- ing the usual portion of the year, the school visitors of 8Ch o1 - the town having jurisdiction over such district may em- ploy teachers and keep open a public school in the school- house of said district for the period for which the town would be obliged during that school year to maintain a school in such district ; 2 but the whole expense of any school thus opened shall be paid by the town on the order of the selectmen, upon their receiving a certificate of the amount thereof from the school visitors. And, in any such case, the town shall be entitled to receive the same payments from the school fund and State ap- propriation as if such school had been kept open by such district in the usual manner. Sec. 133. No district shall be entitled to receive o. s. sec. any money from the State or town, unless it has a school- house and out-buildings satisfactory to the board of 8ChoolhoU3e - school visitors. 8 Sec. 134. No new schoolhouse shall be built except o.s.ue.si8s.. according to a plan approved by the board of school vis- itors, and by the building committee of such district ; 1 The records of a school district are legal evidence of its proceedings in a suit to which it is a party. 13 Conn., 235. * Sec. 38. * School visitors shall inspect schoolhouse and out-buildings twice in each term. Sec. 87. 50 nor at an expense exceeding the sum which the district may appropriate therefor. G. s. sec. urn. See. 135. The vote of two-thirds of those present SomSSe! and voting at a meeting of the district shall be necessary to fix or change the site of a schoolhouse ; but if such two-thirds vote cannot be obtained in favor of any site, the school visitors of any town adjoining the town or either of the towns in which such district is, on applica- tion of the district, shall, after conferring with the school visitors of the town or towns in which such dis- toSooi a vSi- to* * * s situated, fix the site, and make return to the tors for fixing town clerk of the town in which such site is to be ; and shall receive a reasonable compensation for their ser- vices from said district. 1 si87. gee. 136. Any school district may take land which has been fixed upon as a site, or addition to a site, of a 8es ' schoolhouse for a public school, and which is necessary for such purposes, and for necessary out-buildings and convenient accommodations for its schools, upon paying to the owner just compensation. a G.S. sec. zm. See. 137. If such school district cannot agree with Qg the owner upon the amount of such compensation, it may prefer its petition to the Superior Court in the county in which the land lies, or, if said court is not in session, to either judge thereof, praying that such compen- sation may be determined ; which shall be accompanied toy a summons, signed by competent authority, notify- ing the owner of the land to be taken, and all persons interested herein to appear before the said court or judge, and shall be served as a writ of summons in civil ^actions ; and upon said petition said court or judge shall .appoint a committee of three disinterested men, who after being sworn and giving reasonable notice to the parties, shall examine the land proposed to be taken, ;and if they approve the site, they shall ascertain its value and assess such sum in favor of the owner as will justly 1 Under this section a district cannot, without a two-thirds vote, order any term of school to be kept elsewhere than at the regular schoolhouse, if there be one. 28 Conn., 332, 333. 2 See sec. 139. 51 compensate him therefor ; but if they do not approve said site they may fix another site on land of the same owner and proceed as aforesaid, and report their doings to said court or judge, and their report may be rejected for any irregular or improper conduct in the perform- ance of their duties. See. 138. If the report be rejected, the court or judge 0- a. sec. shall appoint another committee, who shall proceed in the same manner as the first committee were required 18 to proceed ; but if it be accepted by said court or judge, such acceptance shall have the effect of a judgment in favor of the owner of the land against the petitioner for the amount of the assessment made by the committee, and execution may be issued therefor ; and such court or judge may make any order necessary for the protection of the rights of all persons interested in the land taken ; but the land shall not be used or inclosed by the district until the amount of said judgment shall be paid to the party to whom it is due, or deposited for his use with costs of court, the county treasurer. Said district shall pay the com- mittee a reasonable compensation for their services, to be taxed by said court or judge. See. 139, No school district, society, city, or town G. s. sec. tm. shall take for school purposes the land of any ecclesias- aft^afLSety 81 " tical society upon any part of which a church building has already been erected without the consent of such ecclesiastical society, or any land devoted to or used for cemetery or burial purposes. See. 140. Persons not residing in a school district G. s. sec. sm. may attend the public schools therein, if the consent of S 8 8 ident the committee of such district and of the school visitors of the town be first obtained, but not otherwise. See. 141. Any school district or town may, by a, 0. s. KC. SMS. vote of two-thirds of those present at any legal meeting, J B ea Sother allow its schoolhouse or houses, when not in use f O r purp08e6> school purposes, to be used for any other purpose. 1 1 Districts have no right against the wishes of any of their taxpayers to allow religious meetings to be regularly held in their schoolhouses when the school is not in session if it does any substantial injury to the building or its contents or increases the danger of fire, and an injunction may be granted in such case on the instance of any taxpayer. 27 Conn., 503-508. CHAPTER IX Consolidation of School Districts TITLE xxxr, Cmrna cxxxn, *AB 4TT] BMtm ^ .< / Section 142. Any town may abolish all the school districts and parts of school districts within its limits and assume and maintain control of the public schools therein, subject to such requirements and restrictions as are or may be imposed by the General Assembly ; and for this purpose eTery such town shall constitute one school district/ haying; all the powers and duties of a school district with the exceptions hereinafter stated. See* 143* * Whenever a vote shall be taken in any town in reference to abolishing school districts and assuming control of the public schools therein, such vote shall be by ballot, at an annual town meeting, upon notice thereof given in the warning. The selectmen shall provide a ballot-box for that purpose, marked ^Consolidation of Districts,** Those in favor of such consolidation shall deposit in said box a ballot with the word "yes" written or printed thereon, and those op- posed shall deposit a ballot with the word " no" written or printed thereon, and in towns divided into wards or tf > N MK SfittSL 'Scfeool districts are vcrv-: .:.-.'. .:-.-.:.- .: v:-: 01 :::e Fta p* v 53 voting districts for annual town meetings such a ballot- box shall be provided at each of such wards or voting districts, and the ballots shall be examined, assorted, counted, and declared in the manner provided by law. Sec. 144. A vote to consolidate the school districts UM./&- *. in any town, in accordance with section 142, shall effect on the first Monday of July next succeeding vote. Sec. 145. It shall be the duty of the selectmen of ma, any town so voting to call, not later than the next Number of com - first Monday of May, a special meeting of said town to !***- determine the number of which the school committee of such town shall thereafter consist. Such committee shall be composed of residents of said town, and shall be in number either six, nine, or twelve. Sec. 1 46. It shall also be the duty of such selectmen &**- ****** I meeting: of said town to be held on the committee, low to call a special meeting of next first Monday of June, for the purpose of electing by ballot a school committee of such town of the number determined upon at the special meeting held for that pur- pose, or, if such town shall at such meeting have failed to fix such number of the number of six, nine, or twelve, as said selectmen may determine. In all cases the num- ber of the committee to be elected shall be stated in the warning of said meeting for the purpose of such elec- tion. Such election shall be conducted in the same man- ner as annual elections of said town. Method of Procedure onder Sections 142-148: L lBYOtfBgoBtteqwrtlaBofOfWMlUalfaBarDMileti: 1. The Tote can be taken anlj at the October town meeting. Sec. 143. 2. The ballot-box in which the baHotsfor town officers are deposited fthouW be marked" Consolidation of Districts." Sec. 143. 3. Official baBffU with the words "yes" mud "no" most be used aiid (n be obtained a other official ballots are obtained. Sees. 1 and 2, pages 1115 and 1116, Acts of 1899. 4. The ballot most be placed in the official envelope with ballots for town officers and deposited in the box marked as stated above. Sec. 3, page 1117, Acts of 1899. 5. The following clause in the warning of the town meeting win be 54 issg, ch. ccxix, Sec. 147. If the number of the committee to be SfT 4 Number to be elected shall be six or twelve, no person shall vote for more than half that number ; if the number shall be nine, no person shall vote for more than five, and the six, nine, or twelve persons, as the case may be, receiving at such election the highest number of votes shall be the school committee of said town for the respective terms as here- inafter provided, commencing on the first Monday of July next following. i889, g ch. ccxix, SeG. 148. The members of such committee so elected classification, shall divide themselves into three equal classes, holding office respectively until the second, third, and fourth subsequent annual town elections of said town, at which elections and every annual election, subsequent to the last thereof, two, three, or four members, as the case may be, shall be elected by ballot for a term of three years, in the manner prescribed for the election of school visitors. 1 1889, ch. cxv. Sec. 1 49. The town clerks of the several towns shall eonT e eiecteI r "to within ten days after the election of such officers return to the Secretary of the State the names of the persons elected to the offices ... of school visitors or school committee, with date of expiration of term. II. 2he May meeting, to determine the number of which the School Committee shall consist. If the vote at the October meeting is in favor of consolidation, a town meeting must be held in May, Sec. 145, to determine the number of which the School Committee is to be composed. The warning must contain a proper clause, and the vote should run as follows: The School Committee to be elected on the first Monday in June, 190 , shall con- sist of . . . * members. III. The June meeting, to elect a School Committee. On the first Monday in June, Sec. 146, the School Committee must be elected. The terms of office of the School Committee begin on the first Monday of July. Sec. 147. * Six, nine, or twelve. 1 Sees. 46, 47. 55 Sec. 150. In every school district whose limits are G. s. sec. 2 no. the same as the limits of the town in which it is situated Voting list - the town registry list shall be the registry list for school purposes. 1 Sec. 151. All business relating to public schools ^f^L in such towns shall be transacted at town meetings. 3 fn g8 town meetr Sec. 152. The school committee in such town shall G.^ sec. 2197. have in general the powers and duties of district com- SSTS"^? 1 " mittees ;' and boards of school visitors. 4 Shall see that good public schools of the different grades are maintained in the various parts of the town for not less than the same length of time as would be re- quired had no such consolidation been made. 6 Shall provide rooms, examine, employ, and pay the isss, ch. ccx. teachers, and shall have all the powers and duties in re- lation to evening schools established under sections 65, 69, 73, and 74 as belong to said committee in connection with day schools. Shall appoint one or more acting visitors 6 under their direction, to examine teachers and visit schools. Manage the property of the town pertaining to schools. Lodge all bonds, leases, notes, and other securities with the treasurer of said town, unless the same have been intrusted to others by the grantors, or the General Assembly. Pay to the town treasurer all moneys which they may receive for the support of schools. Determine the number and qualifications of the schol- ars to be admitted into each school; Designate the schools which shall be attended by the children within their jurisdiction; 1 Sec. 119. 2 May permit school buildings to be used for other than school pur- poses. Sec. 141. 3 Chapter x, page 61. 4 Chapter vii, page 29. 5 Sec. 38. 6 Sec. 87. May appoint acting visitor not of their own number. Sec. 88. 56 And may arrange with the committee of any adjacent town or district for the instruction therein of such chil- dren as may attend there more conveniently; Shall fill any vacancies in their own number; Shall annually, during the first two weeks of Septem- ber, ascertain the expenses of maintaining the schools under their superintendence, during the year ending the thirty -first day of the previous August, 1 and report the same, with the amount of moneys received toward the payment thereof, to the annual town meeting; And shall, at the same time, make a full report of their doings, and the condition of the schools under their superintendence, and of all important matters con- cerning the same; And shall perform all lawful acts which may be re- quired of them by the town, or which may be necessary to carry into effect the provisions of this title. 2 3 1895, ch.-ccciv. See. 153. THe school committees in towns in which the school districts are consolidated shall examine, em- ploy, and dismiss the teachers for the schools of such towns. G. s. sec. 2198. See. 1 54. Such towns shall assume the property and deXdf?onsoi-be responsible for the debts of the districts within their 3< respective limits. Such property may be appraised and the amount of the debts estimated, under the direction of the town, and the appraised value of such property shall be raised by a tax to be laid by the town on its grand list next completed; and the tax-payers in each of the dis- tricts previously existing, shall be paid or credited on the rate-bill with their respective proportions of any excess of. the property of such district over and above its liabil- ities, as ascertained by the town; or the difference in the value of the property of the several districts may be ad- justed in any other manner agreed upon by the parties 1 Sec. 190. 8 Duties as to (1) Evening schools; Sees. 72, 67, 68. (2) Employment of children in factories; Sec. 4. 3) Text-books; Sec. 80. May prescribe supplementary readers; Sec. 81. May, if town direct, purchase school books for free distribution to pupils; Sec. 45. 3 Each member of a school committee appointed by a vote of a town to repair one of its schoolhouses has the right to enter the building for the purpose of performing that duty. State V. Foote, 71 Conn., 737. 57 in interest. Permanent funds vested in any town for school purposes shall remain in charge of the school fund treasurer of the town. Sec. 155. Whenever any town shall have assumed G - s - sec - % m - control of and appraised the school property, as provided Time for pay-' . , , . , . , , T * , ment of tax in the preceding section, the town may, by vote in town extended. meeting, extend the time in which the tax-payers of any district or districts shall be required to pay the excess of assessment over the appraised value of the property in such district for a period not exceeding five years, and all the property belonging to the school districts over which any town has assumed or shall assume con- trol, shall be vested in such town to be held for school purposes so long as so required, and may be sold and deeded by said town when not required for school pur- poses. Sec. 156. Whenever any town has voted, or here- G - s. g c- **oo- after shall vote, to assume control of all the schools, provided in this chapter, in case there is a joint district, the selectmen of the towns out of which such joint dis- trict is formed shall meet within ten days after receiving a written request for such meeting, signed by the first selectman of either of said towns, and appraise the schoolhouse and other school property owned and used by said joint district, and determine what proportion is owned by the inhabitants of the towns residing in said district. If the several boards of selectmen shall not agree, the same shall be determined by a judge of the Superior Court, upon application of either of the boards of selectmen, and his decision shall be final. The propor- tion belonging to the tax-payers of the town in which the property is not located, after deducting the indebted- ness of the district, shall be paid to the treasurer of such town by the treasurer of the town in which such prop- erty is located, and the same shall be remitted to the tax- payers of said town. Sec. 157. In case any school district, formerly ex- G. s. sec. stoi. isting in a town in which the school districts have been SfSfS* dis " or shall be abolished or consolidated, has received a per- mana g ment of manent fund for the support of a school or schools in said district, the school fund treasurer shall have charge 58 of it, and keep a separate account thereof ; and the in- come of said fund shall be held subject to the order of the school committee, which shall apply it for the bene- fit of the school or schools within or nearest to the limits of the district formerly existing, in such manner as ta carry out, as nearly as possible, the intent of the grantor of said fund. o. s. sec. 2202. See. ^53^ Every such town shall be entitled to re- B8 ' ceive from the State, annually, and upon the conditions prescribed for school districts, for the purposes of school libraries, a sum not exceeding the aggregate amount which the former districts of said town might have re- ceived in like circumstances. 1 0.8.uc.Moi. See. 159. When any part of a school district lying Notice of aboli- . i 1 1 T_ T_ T i j i j j tion of part of a in two or more towns shall be abolished or consolidated by either, its selectmen shall give immediate notice thereof to the selectmen of the other town or towns, which shall thereafter provide for the schooling of the children belonging thereto, who formerly belonged to said school district. 0.s. gee. sm. See. 160. Any school district which has been or toA* tmayset. shall be abolished by any town may settle and close up r8 ' its affairs ; and its district committee last elected, or the selectmen of said town, may call special meetings of the district. 0.8.sec.ttM. See. 161. If any such district has or shall become Se. f paymg liable by judgment or otherwise to pay any claims or demands upon it, or expenses and liabilities have been or shall be incurred by it in settling up its affairs after consolidation, the selectmen of said town, upon the re- quest of said district, shall pay the same and charge the amount to the district, and said amount shall be raised by the selectmen adding the same to the tax to be laid by the said town on its grand list next completed of the taxable property of such district. 0. s. sec. 2207. See. 162. Said selectmen shall collect all taxes, toxes e iS favorof claims, and demands in favor of such district, in the name of the district, and credit the same to the district, less expenses of collection. 1 Sec. 172. 59 Sec. 163. Any town which shall hereafter assume o. s. sec. the control of its public schools, as provided in th chapter, may at any annual meeting, not previous to 1889 ' cn - ccii - the fifth annual meeting thereafter, vote to abandon Vo te how taken, such control and re-establish the several districts as they were before said action, which vote shall be by ballot, in the manner prescribed in section 143. See. 164. When any town has voted to re-establish G. s. sec. 2209. . its school districts as provided in the preceding section, ^ d b f e o ;! e ~ each of the districts shall pay the town for all improve- improvements. ments which the town has made on the schoolhouse, its furniture, and appurtenances within the district. The amounts to be thus paid shall be determined by the se- lectmen and the school committee of the town. When such payments are made, the town shall restore or make good to each of the districts the school property and local funds formerly belonging to the district. If any district shall refuse or neglect to make the payment re- ] n quired by this section till the expiration of six months after the passage of the vote of the town to re-establish the districts, the selectmen may cause a tax sufficient to make said payment, including the cost of laying and collecting such tax, to be laid on the district in the man- ner provided by law for school district taxes 1 (except that the selectmen shall perform the duties required of district committees therein), and to be collected and paid to the town. Sec. 165. A vote to re-establish the school districts G. 8. sec. mo. shall not take effect further than to authorize the dis- ^JJK iB . trict to hold meetings, lay and collect taxes, and appoint * 8 t take8 ful1 officers for these purposes, till all the settlements and payments required by the preceding section have been made ; and unless such payments and settlements are made within one year after the passage of said vote, said vote shall be null and void. See. 166. When any town in which the school dis- G. s. sec. 2211. tricts have been consolidated under the provisions of f e c e h o? ^onToTi- 1 " the Acts of 1866, 1867, 1869, and 1872, has abandoned or ? at b f 8 S r 01 ct v 8 i8 . shall abandon such system, the persons elected school abXdonmtof town system. 1 Chapter xvii, page 88. 60 committee of such union districts at the election next preceding such abandonment shall be and remain the members of the board of school visitors of such town, with all the powers and duties of school visitors, during the term of one, two, and three years for which they were or may be respectively elected, in the same manner as if elected school visitors of such town according to the statute in such case provided. G. s.sec. 2212. See. 167. Towns shall have the same powers and SJoi g land for be subject to the same regulations as school districts in purposes. taking land for schoolhouses, outbuildings, and conven- ient accommodations for schools. 1 G. s. sec. taos. See. 168. The expenses of maintaining public schools Payment of m Suc j 1 towns, which shall be incurred with the approval expenses. o f ^ e sc h oo i committee, shall be paid by the town, ex- cept so far as they may be met by the income from local school funds. G. s. sec. 2229. See, 169. When any town shall constitute one hooi b money f school district, the Comptroller shall transmit to the treasurer of such town such proportion of the income of the school fund, and of any other money appropriated for the support of the public schools, as the number of persons between the ages of four and sixteen, residing in such town, bears to the whole number of such persons residing within the State, as ascertained by the returns made, as by law provided. 2 1 Sees. 134-138. Towns may not take land used for ecclesiastical or cemetery purposes. Sec. 139. 2 Sees. 177, 182. 61 CHAPTER X District Committees [GBN. STAT., TITLE XXXY, CHAPTER cxxxvn, PAGE 481] SECTION I SECTION 170. Duties and powers. I 171. Reports required. Section 170. The committee 1 of every district shall G - s.s give due notice of all meetings of the district ; powers. n May call a special meeting 2 thereof at any time, and shall call one, on the written request of one-fifth or of ten of the legal voters in the district, stating the object for which a meeting is desired, to be held within fifteen days after such request is presented; and for any failure so to comply with such a request they shall forfeit thirty dol- lars to the district. They shall, unless otherwise directed by the district, or unless the town has directed the school visitors to- employ the teachers, 3 employ one or more qualified teachers ; 4 Shall provide suitable schoolrooms ; 5 And furnish the same with fuel properly prepared ; Visit the schools, by one or more of their number, twice at least during each term ; Shall, when the scholars are not properly supplied with books, and their parents are too poor to furnish 1 Vacancies filled by board of school visitors. Sec. 128. Must be a resident of the district. Sec. 124. 2 Sees. 114, 121, 160. 3 Sees. 43, 78, 132. 4 Committee can remove teachers when they think it for the interest of the school, but both in appointing and removing teachers they are sub- ject to the control and direction of the district. 33 Conn., 304. They can employ teachers for a time extending beyond their own term of office. 36- Conn., 282. See last paragraph of this Section. A contract for the hiring of a teacher, made by two of three members of a district committee, is valid where the third member either author- ized them beforehand or consented to it afterwards. 46 Conn., 400. 6 Sec. 132. When the district has a proper schoolhouse, the committee- cannot provide another school elsewhere. 28 Conn., 333. 62 them, provide the same, the cost thereof to be included in the incidental expenses of the term ; Shall suspend during pleasure, or expel from school for the term, all pupils found guilty, on full hearing, of incorrigibly bad conduct ; 1 And shall give such information and assistance to the school visitors of the town as they may require. 3 1895, ch. cxxxi. NO committee of any school district of this state elected under the provisions of section 124 of this com- pilation shall employ any teacher or teachers, or do any other business for said district for a longer period of time than that for which he may have been elected without first obtaining at a meeting of said district legally called for that purpose, a majority vote in favor of such pro- posed action. G. s. sec. mi* See. 171. The committee shall give to the secretary required. of the board of school visitors notice of the date of the commencement and close of each school term, within one week of said commencement, and at least four weeks before the close, respectively ; and each committee shall, at the expiration of its term of office, on the fifteenth issQ, cb. xivii, day of July in each year, or within five days thereafter, report to the school visitors in the manner and form prescribed by the State Board of Education. 8 They shall return an enumeration of the children re- siding in the district on the first day of October in each year, in accordance with the provisions of this title; 4 And the committee of every district, formed from parts of two or more towns, shall make such return to the school visitors of each of said towns, specifying the towns to which each person so enumerated belongs ; and shall make returns to the secretary of the board of school visitors of the town having jurisdiction over the district of the receipts, expenditures, and statistics, in accordance with blank forms furnished by the secretary of the State Board of Education. 6 of a school committee can forcibly expel from the school - house a pupil who answers him with insolence and profanity. 41 Conn., 446. 2 To be notified of estimates and appropriations. Sees. 189, 191. * Sec. 2. 4 Sec. 177. Time of return of enumeration. Sec. 179. 6 Sec. 201. 63 CHAPTER XI School Libraries and Philosophical Apparatus [GEN. STAT., TITLE xxxv, CHAPTER cxxxix, PAGE 483] SECTION 172. When State aid may be had, etc. 173. Selection of books and apparatus. SECTION 174. Committee on library and apparatus. Section 172. The Treasurer of the State, upon the ..**?. order of the secretary of the State Board of Education, 1 shall pay ten dollars to every school district, and to every town maintaining a high school, which shall raise by tax or otherwise a like sum for the same purpose, to establish within such district, or for the use of such high school, a school library composed of books of reference, and other books to be used in connection with school work, and to procure maps, globes, or any proper philo- sophical and chemical apparatus; and the further sum of five dollars annually, 2 upon a like order, to every such district or town which has raised a like sum for the cur- rent year for maintaining or replenishing such library or apparatus. And if the number of scholars in actual TO large dis- , , . , . , , , , tricts or high attendance in any such district or high school exceeds schools. one hundred, the Treasurer shall pay ten dollars in the first instance, and five dollars annually thereafter, for every one hundred or fractional part of a hundred scholars in excess of the first hundred. The expense Expense to be incurred by any district in accordance with the pro vi- among e the inci- sions of this section may be reckoned among Its inciden- onhe dStSct 68 tal expenses, and be defrayed in the manner provided in this title for such incidental expenses. Sec. 173. The selection of all books and apparatus &. s.sec. ssig. to be purchased shall be made or approved by the board boSanc ratus. 1 Account is kept by State Board of Education. Sec. 6. 8 The library year coincides with the calendar year. 8 " Actual attendance" is construed to mean the number of different scholars registered in the school year. 5 64 of school visitors ; which shall also prescribe the rules for their management, use, and safe keeping. 1 1889, ch.xvii. Sec. 174. The joint board of selectmen and school Committee oil a br aratus d visitors in each town shall have power to appropriate money for the purchase of books and apparatus to be used in the public schools of the town. The money thus appropriated shall be expended by a committee on libraries and apparatus, which shall be annually ap- pointed by the school visitors, to whom the treasurer of the town shall pay such money upon the written order of such committee. The Treasurer of the State, upon the order of the secretary of the State Board of Education, shall annually pay the said committee five dollars for every public school within said town, and if the number of scholars in any public school within the town exceeds one hundred, the Treasurer shall annually pay to said committee five dollars for every one hundred scholars and fractional part of one hundred scholars in actual attendance at such school ; provided, however, that no greater amount shall be paid to such committee by the State than is paid during the same year by the town for the same purpose ; and provided further, that any amount paid by the State under section 172 to any district or for any high school within said town shall be deducted from- the amount payable under this act. The books and apparatus purchased under the provisions of this act shall be and remain the property of the town, and under the care and control of the said committee on libraries and apparatus. 1 Sees. 78, 102, School visitors shall inspect library twice each term. Sec. 87 85 CHAPTER XII Teachers [GEN. STAT., TITLE xxxv, CHAPTER CXL, PAGE 484] SECTION I SECTION 175. Certificate of examination required. I 176. Duties as to school register. Section 175. No teacher shall be employed 1 in any G - s - sec - **** . . .. ,. . , , /. " ,, , Certificate of school receiving any portion of its support from the pub- examination by lie money until he has received a certificate of approba- 8C tion, signed by a majority of the board of school visitors, or by all the committee by them appointed ; 2 nor shall any teacher be entitled to any wages, 3 so far as the same is paid out of any public money appropriated to schools, unless he can produce such certificate, 4 dated previous to the opening of his school. 1 May be employed by (a) school visitors. Sec. 43. (b) Boards of education. Sec. 54. (c) District committees. Sec. 170. (d) Town committees. Sec. 152. (e) High school committees. Sec. 60. Teacher of music. Sec. 44. 8 May be examined by (d) State Board of Education. Sec. 5. (b) School visitors. Sec. 78. (c) Boards of education. Sec. 57. (d) Town committee. Sec. 152. 3 Shall be paid once a month unless district vote otherwise. Sec. 192. 4 A general certificate of examination and approbation not limited to any particular district or term of school makes the holder qualified to teach in any district of the town unless it is revoked or a re-examination required. 36 Conn., 282. Teachers may be discharged by the district, or in the absence of any action by the district, by the district committee, if they think it for the interest of the school. If improperly discharged against the orders of the district, they will be reinstated by a writ of mandamus. 33 Conn., 304-306. The provision as to new certificate, if required by school visitors, applies only to certificates limited as to time or qualification. 36 Conn., 282. A school district contracting with a teacher who has an old certificate from the board of school visitors, without requiring a new one, cannot afterwards repudiate the contract because he should have had a new one. Id. 66 Teacher'toko ^ 6C * *^' ^ e teaC ^ er ^ everv public School shall raster. correctly keep the school register provided by the State, in the manner and form required by the State Board of Education, 1 and at the end of each school term, and before said teacher shall leave such school, shall certify in writing to the correctness of the same, and immedi- ately deliver the same to the secretary of the board of school visitors or town school committee or board of education of the town or district in which such school is located ; and no teacher shall be entitled to receive any pay unless such register shall have been kept and certified during the time for which any payment may be made. 2 8 1 Sec. 2. 2 School visitors shall inspect registers twice in each term. Sec. 87. 8 The reasonableness of the punishment administered by a school teacher to a pupil is purely a question of fact. 53 Conn., 481. A school teacher has a right to require obedience to reasonable rules and a proper submission to his authority, and to inflict punishment for disobedience. Id. In the absence of rules established by the school board or other proper authority, the teacher has a right to make all necessary and proper rules for the regulation of the school. Id. In inflicting corporal punishment the teacher must be governed, as to the mode and severity of it, by the nature of the offense, and by the age, size, and physical condition of the pupil. Where a boy has been habitu- ally refractory and disobedient, the teacher, in punishing him for a partic- ular offense, may take into consideration his habitual disobedience. Id. And it is not necessary that he should inform the pupil at the time that he is punishing him for his past as well as present misconduct. Id. CHAPTER XIII Support of Public Schools 1 [GEN. STAT., TITLE xxxv, CHAPTER CXLI, PAGE 4841 SECTION 177. Enumeration of children. 178. Enumeration of children in county homes. 179. Form of return of enumeration. 180. Penalty for refusal to give age of child. 181. Correction of returns; certificate to Comptroller. 182. Distribution of income of school fund and State appropriation. 183. Interest of school fund to be covered into treasury. 184. Support of schools. 185. Deduction where schools not kept ac- cording to law. 186. Misapplication of school moneys. 187. Town deposit fund. 188. School society and district funds. 189. Meeting of visitors and selectmen as joint board. 190. School year. 191. Annual statement of estimates to town meeting. 192. Time of payment of teachers, mode of payment to teachers, etc. SECTION 193. Payment of teachers and certificate of school visitors. 194. Tax in city school districts. 195. Neglect to lay town school tax. 193. Temporary union of small school dis- tricts. 197. Small schools, discontinuance of. 198. Transportation of children. 199. Expenses of transportation. 200. Extra expenses incurred by districts. 201. Report of enumeration, etc., must be made before district is entitled to money. 202. Apportionment to districts formed from parts of two or more towns. 203. Joint districts, expenses of. 204. Forfeitures may be remitted by State board. 205. Fraudulent certificate by school visit- ors. 206. School expenses for inmates of tempo- rary homes, how provided. 207. Auditing and approval of such ex- penses. See. 177. The committee of each school district,' o. or if they fail or are unable to do so, the clerk shall, f c n h Xs ation f in October, 1899, and annually thereafter in October, ascertain the name and age of every person over four and under sixteen years of age, who shall belong to such district on the first Monday of said month, and the place, year, and month when such person last attended school, together with the names of the parents, guard- ians, or employers of such person, and return the same J^ 011 - xxvl to the school visitors of the town to which such district belongs, 3 on or before the twentieth day of October. 1 See for Towns under Consolidated System, sees. 168, 169. Districts formed from societies. Sec. 58. 2 For committee of districts formed from school societies. Sec. 54. Town committee. Sec. 152. District committee. Sec. 171. 3 If districts formed from parts of two or more towns. Sec. 171. 68 And in making such enumeration, children tempora- rily residing 1 in one district, but having parents or guar- dians residing in another, shall be enumerated only as belonging to the latter district. By a school But if such return is not made on or before said day, one of the school visitors or a person duly appointed by 1889, ch. xxvi, said board of school visitors shall make a complete enumeration before the first day of November next fol- 189? ch i lowing, and return it to said school visitors, 2 and shall receive therefor five cents for each child so enumerated. is^ch. ccxxii, Sec. 178. The children legally committed to county Enumeration O f homes shall be enumerated in the districts in which said county homes, county homes are located, as provided in section 177, but the enumerator shall make a separate list of the children in the county home, and certify said list to the school visitors of the town as provided in section 179. See. 1 79. Such return shall be signed by the person making it, and sworn to, substantially, according to the following form : I hereby certify that I have carefully enumerated, ac- cording to law, all persons between the ages of four and sixteen years, within the school district, and find that on the first Monday of October, A. D. , xxvi ' ^ nere were of such persons, residing in and belonging to said district, the number of . A. B. On this day of A. D. , personally appeared the above named A. B. and made oath to the truth of the above return by him subscribed before me. , Justice of the Peace. 1 Sec. 2118, Gen. Stat., provides that the public schools of the districts " shall be open to all children over four years of age in the respective dis- tricts ;" sec. 2224, provides for the enumeration of all children of school age " who shall belong to such district ;" and sec. 2227 for a return by the enumerators of children " residing within the school districts." Under these sections it is not necessary that a child should be domiciled in the district, but enough if it is residing in the district in the ordinary sense of that term. A child of school age, whose parents resided in another State, but who had lived for several years, and expected to continue to live, in a family of a domiciled resident of the district, was entitled to the priv- ileges of the district school. Yale i-s. West Middle School District. 59 Conn., 489. 2 Sec. 90. 69 Sec. 180. Any person having control of a child 0. s. sec. stse. between four and sixteen years of age, who shall will- fully refuse to give to the school committee or other per- son employed to make the enumeration required by this chapter, the name and age of such child and such inform- ation concerning the school attendance of such child as said chapter requires, shall be fined three dollars. Sec. 181. The school visitors of the town shall f> ' s - ? w- examine and correct the returns made to them, so that S552? 00 no person shall be enumerated twice in different districts or be improperly returned, and lodge them as corrected ^% ch ' xxvif with the town treasurer. They shall also transmit to the Comptroller, 1 on or before the fifth day of December, annually, a certificate in which the number of persons shall be inserted in words at full length, which shall be sworn to, substantially, according to the following form: We, the school visitors of the town of , certify, Form of certm- that from the returns made to us under oath, as by law provided, we find that on the first Monday of October, iss9, 4 ch. xxvi, A. D. , there were residing within the school dis- sc< tricts belonging to said town, the number of per- sons between four and sixteen years of age ; and from the best information we can obtain, we truly believe that said number is correct. [ School Visitors. On this day of , A. D. , per- sonally appeared the above named school visitors, and made oath to the truth of the above certificate, by them subscribed ; before me, C. D. Sec. 182. The income of the school fund, which, 0- s.sec.m8. after deducting all expenses attending its management, S^omeof* shall remain in the treasury on the twenty-eighth day of I c tateappropru2 February in each year, and also one dollar and fifty cents tlou< for every person between four and sixteen years of age belonging to any school district, as ascertained from the last returns of the school visitors, shall annually, as soon as may be after said day, be divided and distributed by the Comptroller among the several towns, in proportion 1 Sec. 90. 70 to the number of persons in each between the ages of four and sixteen years, as ascertained from said returns r and he shall transmit the amount distributed to each town to its treasurer, on the application of its school visitors or of its school committee, if such town consti- tute but one school district ; but no such money shall be transmitted to any town until the Comptroller shall have received from its school visitors or committee a certifi- cate, signed by them or their chairman and secretary, and substantially in the following form : ' Form of certifl- We, the school visitors of the town of , certify troiier. that the schools in said town have been kept for the period required by law during the year ending the thirty- first day of August a last, by teachers duly examined and approved, and have been visited according to law ; and that all moneys drawn from the public treasury by said town for said year, appropriated to schooling, have been faithfully applied and expended in paying for teachers' wages, and for no other purpose whatever. Dated at this - - day of A. D. . I School Visitors. To the Comptroller. interest of the See. 183. On the first day of March of each year, t?ansfe"redto the treasurer shall cover the interest of the school fund sury> in the treasury on the last day of February into the civil list funds of the State, and shall notify the Comptroller and commissioner of the school fund, in writing, of the amount of said interest so covered or transferred. o. s. sec. SMS. See. 184. The Comptroller shall draw all orders for schools 1 1 the support of common schools at the rate of two dollars and twenty-five cents for each child, and the enumera- tion last made and perfected, and said orders shall be payable from the civil list funds of the State. G.s.sec.Mso. See. 185. When the school in any school district shall not be kept according to law, 3 the school visitors of town to which such district belongs shall, in their Sec. 90. a Sec. 190. 3 Sec. 90. A district is not entitled to any State or town money unless. schoolhouse and out-buildings are satisfactory to school visitors. Sec. 133. 71 certificate or certificates to the Comptroller for the year following, state such fact, and also the number of children enumerated in such district ; and when application is made for the school moneys payable to such town for said year, he shall deduct from the whole number of children enumerated in such town the number contained in such district ; and shall draw an order for such part only of the moneys that would otherwise go to said town, as is proportioned to the number of children in the remaining districts therein. Sec. 186. If any money appropriated to the use G. s. sec. of schools shall be applied by a town or school district to any other purpose, such town or school district shall mone y s - forfeit the amount thereof to the State ; and the Comp- troller shall sue for the same in behalf of the State, to be applied, when recovered, to the use of schools. Sec. 187. The income of the town. deposit fund, o.s. sec. zm. belonging to any town, and of any other town fund which SmJ n dep 8it is or shall be established or appropriated for the support of public schools in any town, shall be paid annually into the town treasury, for the support of public schools therein. Sec. 188. The income of any fund that is or shall G. s. sec. ms. be established or appropriated for the support of public schools in any school district or school society existing in funds - any town, shall be paid annually into the treasury of such district or society, for the support of public schools there- in ; but if such district or society shall at any time cease to exist, then the principal of said fund shall be paid over to the school fund treasurer of the town ; the income thereof to be applied for the support of public schools therein, in the manner prescribed in section 157. Sec. 189. The school visitors and selectmen in each o.s.s town shall meet as a joint board on the third Tuesday JJ?SS wi of June in each year, and prepare a statement showing gJJ^ 8 J int the estimated cost of each and all the public schools in 1393, C h. their town, for the next succeeding school year, 1 and shall immediately thereafter notify the committees of the re- spective school districts of the several amounts so fixed. 1 Sec 190. 72 O. 8. sec. tSSo. School year. 1889, ch. xlvii, *ec. 3. G. S. sec. 2236. Annual state- ment of esti- mates to town meeting. Apportionment to districts. Expenses of school districts exceeding the estimate. G. S. sec. 2237. Payments to districts. This section shall not apply to towns which have consol- idated their school districts. Sec. 1 90. The school year shall commence on the fif- teenth day of July, and end on the fourteenth day of July. See. 191. The school visitors and selectmen in each town shall, as a joint board, present at the annual town meeting a written or printed statement of the total cost of each and all of the public schools in such town for the school year next preceding, and an estimate of the cost of such schools for the current school year. 1 Said board shall also, on or before the fifteenth day of October in each year, fix the several amounts which in their judgment will be sufficient to pay the wages of teachers (including board), fuel, and the incidental ex- penses of maintaining the schools in the various districts within the jurisdiction of such town, for the period during the current year, that schools are required by law, or by vote of the town, to be maintained; And shall notify the respective districts of the sev- eral amounts so fixed; And if any district, by contributing the teacher's board, or any of the incidental expenses of the school, be enabled to continue its school beyond the time re- quired by law, said district shall, subject to the approval of the board of school visitors, be entitled to the whole amount so fixed. See. 192. Whenever any school district shall, at its annual school meeting, neglect to fix the time or period for the payment of its teachers, 2 they shall be paid at the end of each school month, and at the close of every such month or period for the payment of teachers, and on the certificate of the school visitors or acting visitor or visitors 3 that the schools of the district for such month or period have been kept in all respects according to law, the selectmen shall draw an order on the town treasurer in favor of such district for a sum of money sufficient, and no more than sufficient, to pay the expenses incurred by such district for said month or period for the wages 1 Sees. 38, 152, 191, 192, 193. 2 Sec. 114 3 Sees. 87, 185. : teachers (including board), fuel, and incidental ex- iises, if the expenses incurred by the district for the above-named purposes, during the school year, 1 do not exceed the amount fixed upon for such district as pro- vided in this chapter. But if such expenses exceed said amount, the joint board of school visitors and selectmen shall meet, on or before the fourteenth day of July in board - each year, and decide whether or not the expenditure in 1995, ch. ixxv. excess of the amount fixed upon was necessary to main- tain the school or schools of the district for the time re- quired by law. If said board shall decide that such ad- ditional expense was necessary, the selectmen shall draw an order on the town treasurer for an amount sufficient to pay the same; but if said joint board shall decide that such additional expense was not necessary, the district shall pay it, unless the town otherwise order. 2 Sec. 193. Whenever a district shall vote to pay its o.s.sec wss. teacher or teachers oftener than once each term, 3 and forSSSand fixed periods of not less than four weeks each, or when, sciioo? visitors, as provided in the preceding section, the salary of teach- ers shall be payable monthly, it shall be the duty of the school visitors, or acting school visitor or visitors, 4 at the close of each of the aforesaid periods of school or school months, to give to the selectmen a certificate stating whether or not the school or schools of the district have been kept in all respects according to law during such period. Sec. 194. No town which includes a city within its G. s. sec. saw. limits shall be required to expend for school purposes in JSSocJ districts, any year a greater sum than would be raised by a tax of ne mill on its grand list, if said city is organized into ne or more school districts, by which a sum has been appropriated for the support of public schools during the year in which such tax would be payable, sufficient with the income derived from other sources to pay the wages of teachers, the cost of fuel, and the incidental expenses of the public schools of said district or districts for at least thirty-six weeks of said year; provided, that said sum shall be paid, without abatement, on or before the first day of March next following the time at which the 1 Sec. 190. Sec. 200. 3 Sec. 192. 4 Sec. 87. . 74 town tax shall have become due, to the several school districts in the town, in proportion to the number of children in each, at the last preceding enumeration, between the ages of four and sixteen years. o.s.8tc.mo. Sec. 195. If any town shall neglect or refuse to Swn e schoo? y provide for the support of its schools, according to the provisions of the three preceding sections, it shall for- feit to the State a sum equal to the amount which it was by said provisions required to raise and appropri- ate. G. s. sec. SMI. g eCt 196. When the number of scholars in any dis- trict for any term of school shall be so small that, in the schools in dlf- . , , , , . , . , , , . . ferent districts, judgment of the district, the maintenance of a separate school by said district for such term is inexpedient, such district may, for such term, by vote unite its school with the school of an adjoining district, or districts. Such union of schools shall be made only with the ap- proval of the school visitors of the town or towns in which the districts are situated. And if any district shall thus unite its school with that of another district or districts, it shall be as full a compliance with the law, as if it had maintained a separate school for the time re- quired by law. Whenever the school in any district is discontinued on account of the small number of its scholars, the school visitors of the town having jurisdic- tion over such district shall see that suitable arrange- ments are made whereby the children of the district may attend some adjoining school. ^ ee> *^7. When the number of scholars in any dis- trict f or any term of school shall be so small that in the judgment of the school visitors the maintenance of a separate school in said district for such term is inex- pedient, said board of school visitors may unite the school of such district with the school of an adjoining district or districts, and when the school of any district shall thus be united with the school of another district or districts, it shall be as full a compliance with the law as if said district had maintained a separate school for the time required by law. secV h ' xcvil ^ ec * *^ 8 * Whenever an 7 school shall be discon- tinued under the provisions of section 196, or section 75 .97, the school visitors may provide transportation children to and from school. See. 199. The expenses of transportation, when ap- proved by the board of visitors, shall be paid by town treasurer, upon the order of the selectmen. See. 200. If any district maintains a school of a, o. s. tec. saw higher order than is required by law, and thereby incurs ^cu^red^y 1186 increased expense for its school ; or if any district shall districts - continue its school for a longer time than is provided for at the expense of the town, according to section 38, or if any district shall expend for teachers' wages or other purposes, a sum which the school visitors and selectmen deem unnecessary and extravagant ; ' the cost of such school, above the sum received by such district from the town, shall be paid by a tax laid by said district. Noth- ing, however, in this Title is to be construed as forbid- ding the payment of the additional expenses of continu- ing any school longer than the time required by law, by voluntary contribution, or by tuition charges. See. 201 . No district shall be entitled to receive any o. s. sec. MX money from the State or town in any year, unless the iSuon, etc. district committee shall have made, on or before the fif- teenth day of September preceding, the report required J by section 171. Sec. 202. The income from the school fund and the G. s. sec amount of the annual State appropriation, apportioned > p dS to any school district formed from parts of two or more towns, 2 shall be paid into the treasury of the town hav- r ing jurisdiction over such district under the provisions of section 113 ; and the expenses of the school in such dis- trict shall be paid by said town, in the same manner and on the same conditions as if said district lay wholly within it ; but during September, in each year, the school visitors of said town shall ascertain the cost of maintain- ing said school for the year ending on the thirty-first day of the preceding August ; 3 not including, however, in such ascertainment, the amount received by said district from any fund that is or shall be established or granted for the support of public schools in said district ; and, having deducted from this amount the sums received by 1 Sec. 192. ' Sees. 90. 113. 3 Sec. 190. 76 the town for such district during said year from the school fund and State appropriation, shall apportion the remainder of the cost of such school among the towns in which such district lies, in proportion to the number of persons between the ages of four and sixteen years each, as ascertained by the enumeration made in the October preceding, according to the provision of section 177, and 1889, ch. xxvi, shall, before the first Monday in October, present a copy of said apportionment to the selectmen of each of said towns ; and the selectmen of the town or towns not hav- ing jurisdiction over said district shall cause the sums, thus apportioned to their respective towns, to be paid to the town having jurisdiction over said district. issg, ch. cxxxui. See. 203. The selectmen of any town schooling chil- Joint districts, . J . i , , i expenses of. dren residing in another town and in a district in which no school is maintained, may ascertain the expense of schooling said children and present a bill of said expense to the selectmen of the town in which said children reside. If the town schooling children shall be in- debted to the town in which the children reside, under the provisions of section 202, the expense ascertained as provided in this section shall be deducted from the amount of said indebtedness, and only the remainder shall be due to the town in which said children reside. a. s. sec. MM. See. 204. In all cases when a school in any district ma* beremitted nas ^ een or shall be kept during a portion of the school by state board. y ear> \^ no t according to law, or when for any other cause there has been or shall be a forfeiture of moneys accruing from the school fund or annual State appropria- tion, that would otherwise have been paid to any town or school district, the secretary of the State Board of Edu- cation shall, on application from such town or school district, examine into the facts of the case, and decide according to equity, on the right of the applicants to receive the money so forfeited ; and if he decides in favor of such right, and so certifies to the Comptroller, the same shall be paid as if no forfeiture had occurred. a.s.sec.me. See. 205. If any school visitor shall fraudulently Scate U by Dt< *' make or join in making any false certificate, by reason school visitors. of which money ghall be drawn from the treasury of the- State, he shall forfeit sixty dollars to the State. 77 Sec. 206. The necessary extra expense incurred o. s. sec. sees. by any town or school district in providing school ac- commodations and instruction for the inmates of any temporary homes located therein, shall be paid by the provided ' county as provided by law. 1 Sec. 207. The board of managers of temporary o. s. sec. SSGU. homes in any county shall be the judge of what are nee- ^*Jj[ *? d essary extra expenses, under the preceding section, for 8UCh expenses. school accommodations and instruction for inmates of temporary homes located therein, and no such expense shall be allowed or collected of such county unless it shall have been incurred with the approval of such board of managers, nor until the account of the same shall have been audited and approved by such board. CHAPTER XIV Sanitary Provisions and Ventilation SECTION 208. School houses to be kept clean and wholesome. 209. Ventilation. SECTION 210. When found in unsatisfactory state. 211. Penalty. 212. Definition. See. 208. Every schoolhouse shall be kept in a 1593, ch. cleanly state and free from effluvia arising f rom , any schooihouses to drain, privy, or other nuisance, and shall be provided an^wioilSome. with a sufficient number of proper water-closets, earth- closets, or privies -for the reasonable use of the pupils at- tending such schoolhouse. Sec. 209. Every schoolhouse shall be ventilated in 1393, ch. ccixv, such a manner that the air shall not be injurious to the ventilation. health of the persons present therein. "To provide for the expenses of the temporary homes in excess of the sum received under section 8657, said board shall present annually to the county representatives and resident senators of such county an estimate of the expense of such homes for the succeeding year, and said representa- tives and senators may, and in case sufficient funds are not already in the treasury for such maintenance, shall at their biennial meeting, or in years in which no biennial meeting is held, at any special meeting duly called in such year, lay a county tax for the maintenance of such home or homes- in their county." G. S., sec. 3662. 78 1893, en. ccixv, Sec. 210. Whenever it shall be found by the State B6C 3 Board of Education or by the board of school visitors or school committee of the town or district in which any schoolhouse is located, that further or different sanitary provisions or means of lighting or ventilating are re- quired in any schoolhouse, and that the same can be provided without unreasonable expense, either of said boards or committees may recommend to the person or authority in charge of or controlling such schoolhouse, such changes in, or other and further means of ventilat- ing, lighting, or sanitary provisions for such schoolhouse as they may deem necessary. In case such changes so recommended be not made substantially as recommended within two weeks of the date of service thereof, such board or committee may make complaint to the board of health, health committee, or health officer of the com- munity in which such schoolhouse is situated, and said board of health, health officer, or health committee, after notice to and hearing of all the parties interested, shall order such changes in, or such other and further provisions made in the lighting, ventilating, or sanitary provisions of such schoolhouse as they may deem neces- sary and proper. 1893, ch. ccixv, Sec. 211. Any person violating any provision of the Penalty- preceding sections shall be punished in the manner pro- vided in section 2609 of the General Statutes. 1893, ch. ccixv, See. 212. The word schoolhouse shall be held to Definition. mean any building or premises in which instruction is afforded to not less than ten pupils at one time. 79 CHAPTER XV Reformation and Care of Children [GEN. STAT., TITLE LXVII, CHAPTER ccxxv, PAGE 800] This chapter consists of a statement of the substance of the General Statutes of 1888 and subsequent Public Acts relating to the reformation and care of children. Reference to the Sections and Acts here summarized will be found in the side notes. SECTION I SECTION 213. Connecticut School for Boys. 215. Temporary Homes. 214. Connecticut Industrial School for 216. Deaf, Dumb, and Blind. Girls. I 217. Imbecile Children. THE CONNECTICUT SCHOOL FOR BOYS Sec. 21 3. Any boy under sixteen years of age guilty G.^S. ^s of any crime or misdemeanor punishable with a fine or Pub ii C Acts imprisonment, other than imprisonment for life, and any boy who is destitute of a suitable home, and is being brought up to lead an idle and vicious life, or who is incorrigible and disobeys his parents or guardian, or who P a e e472 - resorts to immoral places or practices, or neglects or refuses to perform labor suitable to his years and condi- tion or to attend school, may be committed to the Con- necticut School for Boys, by a judge of a criminal or police court or by a justice of the peace, on complaint of any informing officer or of any person having knowledge of the case. THE CONNECTICUT INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS Sec. 214. Any girl between the ages of eight and g^** ; sixteen years who has committed an offense within fhe 86 ^ 86 ^ 8659 - ,..,.,. * \* ^ i_ v Public Actsl893, final jurisdiction of a justice of the peace, or who lives ch. cxxii. , , J , , ,, Public ActBl895, idly and mis-spends her time, or who wanders about the ch. ixxi. streets and public places, having no lawful occupation, and not attending school, or who leads a vagrant and vicious life, or is in manifest danger of falling into habits of vice, may be committed to the Connecticut Industrial School for Girls by the judge of a court of probate, a judge of a police court, or a justice of the peace, on com- plaint of her parent, or a selectman or grand juror, or other informing officer of the town where she is found. 6 80 TEMPORARY HOMES 1 &.s. sec. toss, See. 215. Children under eighteen years of age who public Actsi889, are waifs, strays, or are in charge of overseers of the p h ubctBi893, poor, or whose parents are prisoners, drunkards, or pau Sxiiviii. pers, or have been committed to hospitals, almshouses, Public Actsi895, or workhouses, and children under said age who are de- !'c c c c c x ji; serted, neglected, or cruelly treated, may be placed in the temporary homes by selectmen. And such children fh b ccx Actf?1897 ' between the ages of four and eighteen years, may be com- mitted to said homes by a court of probate, a judge of a city or police borough or town court, on petition or information of a parent, a selectman, or any informing officer, or of the Connecticut Humane Society, or the State Board of Charities. Children less than four may be placed in temporary homes by overseers of the poor if the management consents to receive them. DEAF AND DUMB AND BLIND Sec. 216. [Provision is made by special acts for the education of indigent deaf-mutes in the American asylum at Hartford, and in the Whipple home school for the edu- cation of deaf-mutes, in Groton. Persons desiring the benefit of this provision must make application to the Governor of the State. (Special Acts, 1837, page 26 ; 1874, page 260.) Provision is also made by law for the education of blind children. See chapter clvi of the Public Acts of 1893. The Board of Education of the Blind has charge of this provision.] IMBECILE CHILDREN See. 217. Indigent imbecile children may be com- mitted to the school at Lakeville, under Section 489 of the General Statutes. i See sections 13-15. 81 CHAPTER XVI Public Libraries [GEN. STAT., TITLE v, CHAPTER xxm, PAGE 34] SECTION 233. Directors of such libraries and reading- rooms. 234. Powers and duties of directors. 235. Libraries and reading-rooms estab- lished under section 232 to be free. 233. Annual report to be made by directors- 237. City councils may impose penalties for injuries to libraries or failure to return books. 238. Donations for such libraries may be held by the directors. 239. Towns and boroughs may lay a tax for free public libraries and reading, rooms. 240. No compensation to directors, 241. Session laws to be sent to each free public library. 242. Malicious injury to books, etc , of a public library. SECTION 218. Connecticut Public Library Commit- tee. 219. Allowance for incidental expenses. 220. Public Library Committee to give advice. 821. Appropriation for town libraries. 222. How paid. 223. No discrimination on account of sex. 224. Keports by libraries. 225. Expenditures by Connecticut Public Library Committee. 226. Establishment of free libraries by towns. 227. Appropriations by towns, etc., for that purpose. 228. Bequests and donations. 229. Board of directors. 230. Election of directors. 231. Directors receive no pay. 232. City councils may establish and main- tain public libraries and reading- rooms. See. 218. The State Board of Education shall nually appoint five persons who shall be known as the Connecticut' * Public Library Connecticut Public Library Committee. committee. Sec. 219. No member of said library committee 1898, ch. shall receive any compensation for his services as such All member, but the committee may expend a sum not pses exceeding five hundred dollars annually for clerical 1895) cb ' XX1V ' assistance and incidental and necessary expenses incurred in the discharge of its duties. Sec 220, The librarian or director of any public isos, ch. library and the teachers of any public school may ask Public 1 ' said committee for advice and assistance in regard to the g selection and purchase of books, the cataloguing of books and any other matters pertaining to the maintenance or administration of the library, and the committee shall give advice and assistance in regard to said matters so far as it shall find it practicable to do so. The commit- Re P rt tee shall biennially make a report of its doings to the General Assembly. 82 1893, ch. See. 221. If any town having no free public library shall establish a free public library and shall provide for the care, custody, and distribution of books and for the future maintenance and increase of such library in a manner satisfactory to said library committee, said com- mittee is hereby authorized to expend for books to be selected by the said committee a sum not to exceed the amount expended by the said town for the establish- ment of such library and not to exceed two huoadred dollars. cixxVm'sec 11 Sec - 222 ' The Tre asurer of the State shall pay the HOW paid. bills incurred under this act upon the order of the secretary of the State Board of Education. Said board shall keep an account of all money expended under this act, and the Comptroller shall annually audit said account. cixxVm; sec. 12. See. 223. No person shall be ineligible by reason of tion d on C accoun"t sex to serve on the board of directors of any public of sex. library or on the Connecticut Public Library Committee, r, sec i See. 224. The libraries established under the pro- visions of chapter clxxviii of the public acts of 1893, and any free public library receiving a State appropria- tion, shall annually make a report to the Connecticut Public Library Committee. See. 225. The Connecticut Public Library Commit- wv ?, 66C. -v. Expenditures tee is authorized to expend annually for any such library by Cpnnecticut J J committee 1 " 7 a sum no ^ ^ excee( i "the amount annually appropriated and expended by the town, or in the case of a town whose grand list does not exceed six hundred thousand dollars, the amount annually appropriated and expended from any source, for the increase of said library, and not to exceed one hundred dollars, the said sum to be expended for books selected by said committee. 1893, ch. See. 226. Any town, borough, or city may estab- clxxviii, sec. 1. .. , , ,. ,., ' ,. ~ , . , , ' Establishment hsh a public library, the use of which, under proper by towns, etc! 68 regulations, shall be free to its inhabitants. Any town, borough, or city may expend such sum of money as may be necessary to provide and furnish suitable rooms or a suitable building for the library so established or for a previously existing public library, the use of which is free to its inhabitants. 83 See. 227. Any town, borough, or city may annually expend such sum of money as shall be necessary for the proper maintenance and increase of a public library ^ hat p' ur - within its limits whose use is free to its inhabitants. Any town shall have power at any meeting, duly called for the purpose, to fix by a proper by-law the amount which shall be annually expended for the public library therein. The treasurer of such town shall thereafter an- nually pay upon the order of the officer designated by the directors or trustees managing its public library the bills incurred for the maintenance and increase of said library, not exceeding in the aggregate the sum specified in said by-law. The town clerk may deposit in a public Deposit by town library within his town any books other than records placed by law or otherwise in his custody. Sec. 228, Any town, borough, or city may receive, Jga^cg. ^ g hold, and manage any devise, bequest, or donation f or Bequestsand ' the establishment, increase, or maintenance of a public library within its limits. Sec. 229. In the absence of any other lawful pro- JgJ^h. gec 4 vision for the management of a public library in any Board of direct- town or borough, the said town or borough shall elect a board of directors who shall manage said public library. Said board may, from time to time, make by-laws not in- consistent with the laws of this State for its own govern- ment, and may adopt rules controlling the use of the library and the administration of its affairs. Said board shall have the exclusive right to expend according to its best judgment all money appropriated by the town or borough for the library, and shall have control of the grounds, buildings, and rooms used for the purposes of the library. See. 230. The first election of directors may takei893,ch. ClXXYlllj SCO* 5. place at any meeting of the town or borough called for Election^ of that purpose. It shall first be determined by a by-law of the town to be adopted at this meeting what the number of directors constituting said board shall be, such num- ber to be in all cases one divisible by three. One-third of this number shall then be elected to hold office until the next annual meeting, one-third until the second an- nual meeting, and the remaining one-third until the 84 1893, ch. clxxviii, sec. 6. Directors re- ceive no pay. Q. 8. sec. 1U5. City councils may establish and maintain public libraries and reading- rooms. G. S. sec. 1U6. Directors of such libraries and reading- rooms. O. S. sec. 1M. Powers and duties of direct- ors. third annual meeting thereafter. At each annual meet- ing of said town or borough, one-third of the directors shall be elected by ballot to hold office for three years. Sec. 231. No director of a public librarj^ elected as above provided shall receive compensation for any serv- ices rendered as director. See. 232. The city council of any city shall have power to establish and maintain a public library and reading-room, together with such kindred apartments and facilities as said council shall approve, for the use and benefit of such city, and may levy a tax not to ex- ceed one mill and one-half of a mill on the dollar annually on all the taxable property of the city; such tax to be levied and collected in the same manner as the other taxes of said city, and to be known as the "Library Fund." See. 233. When any city council shall have decided to establish and maintain a public library and reading- room under the authority granted by the preceding section, the mayor of such city shall, with the approval of said council, appoint a board of nine directors for the same, chosen from the citizens at large, with reference to their fitness for such office ; and not more than one member of the city council shall be a member of said board. Said directors shall hold office, one-third for one year, one-third for two years, and one-third for three years, from the first day of July following their appoint- ment, and at their first regular meeting shall cast lots for their respective terms ; and annually thereafter the mayor shall, before the first day of July, appoint as before three directors, to take the place of the retiring directors, who shall hold office for three years and until their successors are appointed. The mayor may, with the consent of the city council, remove any director for misconduct or neglect of duty. Vacancies in the board of directors, occasioned by removal, resignation, or otherwise, shall be reported to the city council, and be filled in the same manner as original appointments. See. 234. Said directors shall, immediately after their appointment, meet, and organize by the election of one of their number as president, and by the election of 85 such other officers as they may deem necessary. They shall make and adopt such by-laws, rules, and regula- tions, not inconsistent with the laws of the State, for their own guidance and for the government of the library and reading-room as may be expedient. They shall have the exclusive control of the expenditure of all moneys collected to the credit of the library fund, and of the con- struction of any library building, and of the supervision, care, and custody of the grounds, rooms, or buildings constructed, leased, given, or set apart for that purpose ; provided, that all moneys collected and received for such purpose shall be placed in the treasury of said city, to the credit of the " Library Fund," and shall be kept sepai ate from other moneys of the city, and shall be drawn upon by the proper officers of said city, upon the properly authenticated vouchers of said directors. Said board shall have power to purchase, lease, or accept grounds ; to erect, lease, or occupy an appropriate building or buildings for the use of said library; to appoint a person of suitable learning, ability, and experience as librarian, and all necessary assistants, and fix their compensation; to remove such appointees; and shall in general carry out the spirit and intent of the law, in establishing and maintaining a public library and reading-room, together with such kindred apartments and facilities as said council shall approve. See. 235. Every library and reading-room, estab- / f c - *w lished under the authority granted by section 232, shall be forever free to the use of the inhabitants of the city where located, always subject to such reasonable rules tob and regulations as the board of directors may adopt, in order to render the use of said library and reading-room of the greatest benefit to the greatest number; and said board may exclude from the use of said library and read- ing-room any and all persons who shall willfully violate such rules. And said board may extend the privileges and use of such library and reading-room to persons residing outside of such city in this State, upon such terms and conditions as said board may from time to time prescribe. 86 Sec. 236. The said board of directors shall make, on or before the second Monday in June, an annual report to the city council, stating the condition of their trust on the first day of June of that year, the various sums of money received from the library fund and other sources, and how such moneys have been expended, and for what purposes; the number of books and periodicals on hand; the number added by purchase, gift, or otherwise, during the year; the number lost or missing; the num- ber of visitors attending; the number of books loaned out, and the general character of such books; with such other statistics, information, and suggestions as they may deem of general interest. All such portions of said report as relate to the receipt and expenditure of money, as well as the number of books on hand, books lost or missing, and books purchased, shall be verified by affidavit. o.s. sec. 150. gee. 237. The city council of said city shall have may impose po wer to pass ordinances imposing suitable penalties for punishment of persons committing injury upon such to e ?etur f nbook 8 . library, or the grounds or other property thereof, and for injury to, or failure to return, any book belonging to such* library. It shall be the duty of every librarian or board of directors, having charge or control of such library or property, to post up in one or more conspicuous places connected therewith a printed copy of this section. And justices of the peace, or city or police courts, in their respective counties, shall have jurisdiction to hear, try, and determine all prosecutions under this section. G. s.sec. 151. eCt 238. Any person desiring to make donations of Donations for , /? -i i r> such libraries money, personal property, or real estate for the benefit Selectors. 7 of such library, shall have the right to vest the title to such donation in the board of directors of such library, to be held and controlled when accepted by such board according to the terms of the deed, gift, cTevise, or be- quest of such property ; and as to such property the said board shall be held to be special trustees. G.s.sec.153. g ec< 239. When fiftv legal voters of any town or Towns and bor- . , , ... ".... ., , , ,, ,, oughs may lay a borough shall present a petition to the clerk of the town uc Ubrariegana or borough, asking that an annual tax may be levied for establishment and maintenance of a free public 87 library and reading-room in such town or borough, and shall specify in their petition the rate of taxation, not to exceed three mills on the dollar, such clerk shall, in the next legal notice of the regular annual election in such town or borough, give notice that at such election every legal voter may vote ' ' for a mill tax for a free public library and reading-room," or " against a mill tax for a free public library and reading-room," specifying in such notice the rate of taxation mentioned in said petition ; and if the majority of all the votes cast in such town or borough shall be " for the tax for a free public library and reading-room," the tax specified in such notice shall be levied and collected in the same manner as other general taxes of said town, or borough, and shall be known as the " Library Fund." But such tax may be lessened or increased within the three-mill limit, or made to cease in case the legal voters of any such town or borough shall so determine by major vote at any annual election held therein ; and the corporate authorities of such town or borough shall have and may exercise the same powers relative to free public libraries and reading-rooms as are conferred upon the corporate authorities of cities. See. 240. "No director of any free public library and e. s. sec. reading-room, established under the provisions of ttos tion chapter in any city, town, or borough, shall receive any compensation for any services rendered as such director. Sec. 241. The Secretary of the State is authorized G . s. *&. 105. to send a copy of the laws passed by the General Assem- f e f^h free 8 bly at each session, together with the legislative docu- P ublic library, ments and journals, to each free library which shall de- sire them. Sec. 242. Every person who shall willfully write Q.S. sec. ivss. upon, injure, or destroy any book, plate, picture, engrav- to^ C ok8, 8 et n c.?3 ing or statue, belonging to any library not exclusively a P ublic 1librar r owned by himself, shall be fined not less than five, nor more than five hundred dollars. Every person, who shall willfully detain any book, paper, magazine, pamphlet, manuscript, or other prop- erty belonging to any town, city, law, university, col- lege, school, or other public or incorporated library for i860, ch. civ. thirty days after notice in writing from the librarian of such library, sent by mail or otherwise to the last known or registered place of residence of such person, after the expiration of the time, which by the by-laws, rules, or regulations of such library, such book, paper, magazine, pamphlet, manuscript, or other property may be kept, shall be fined not less than one nor more than one hun- dred dollars. The notice herein required shall bear upon its face a copy of this act. G. s. sec. 3908. Tote levied on CHAPTER XVII School District Taxes [GEN. STAT., TITLE LXXVI, CHAPTER CCXLIII, PAGE SECTION 243. To be levied on what. 244. Certain town real estate not exempt from school district taxes, when. 245. Assessment of real estate in two dis- tricts. 246. Board of relief, how constituted ; de- duction for indebtedness. 247. Assessment of real estate omitted from grand list. 248. Of land sold since completion of grand list. 249. Mode of assessment 250. Taxes to be laid on preceding or suc- ceeding year. SECTION 251. Correction of clerical error. 252. Collectors to give bonds. 253. Tax book to be open to public inspec- tion. 254. Interest on unpaid taxes. 255. Taxes when due. 256. Additional remedy for collection of taxes. 257. Form of tax warrant. 258. Exemption of honorably discharged soldiers, sailors, etc., from taxation by boards of relief ; and pensioners; board of relief to file list of exempts with town clerks. See. 243. All taxes imposed by any school dis- ^\\ b e levied on the real estate situated therein, and the ratable personal property and polls of those per- sons who belonged to said district at the time of laying such tax, which polls shall be set in the list at one hun- dred dollars each, and upon any manufacturing or me- chanical business, subject to taxation, which is located or carried on in said district, not including therein the value of any real estate situated out of the district, and also upon any mercantile business carried on in said district by any person or persons who do not reside in the town in which said school district is situated and 89 neither the business so taxed, nor any real estate in said district, shall be taxed in any other district. ' Sec. 244. When any school district, having within o. s. sec. sm. its boundaries any town almshouse and farm, shall im- pose any tax for the purpose of building or repairing its schoolhouse, said real estate owned by said town shall taxe8) when> not be exempt from such taxation. Sec. 245. When real estate in any district is so en- o.s.sec. 3910. tered in the list of the town in common with other estate reaTesStTin * situated out of said district, that there is no distinct two districte - and separate value put by the assessors upon the part lying in said district, one or more of the assessors of the town in which said property is situated shall, on applica- tion of said district, value said part of said estate, and return a list of the same to the clerk of said district; and notice of such valuation and of the meeting of the asses- sors and selectmen hereafter mentioned, shall be given by the district committee, in the same way as a notice for district meetings. 2 Sec. 246. At the end of ten days after such return o. s. sec. 3911. of said list, said assessors and selectmen shall meet in how con f sti elief ' such place as said committee shall designate in such no- tllted - tice, and shall have the same power, in relation to such list, that the board of relief has in relation to town lists; and no deduction or abatement shall be made on account Deductions for of the indebtedness of the owner of any real estate so in( taxed, unless both the debtor and the creditor belong to said district, and the debt is secured by a mortgage of real estate situated therein ; and such list, when perfected by said assessors and selectmen, shall be lodged with the town clerk; and said valuation shall be the rule of taxa- tion for said estate, by said district, for the year ensuing; 1 Real estate in any district is taxable there, whether the owner be- longs there or not. 11 Conn., 486, 487; 4 Day, 382. That votes impos- ing school taxes, if inartificially drawn, will be favorably construed, see 15 Conn., 332. 2 That the doings of assessors, when called out under this section, will be favorably construed, see 15 Conn., 455, 456. "Buildings or portions of buildings exclusively occupied as colleges, academies, churches, or public schoolhouses or infirmaries" are exempt. Gen Stat., p. 849, sec. 3820. 90 and said assessors shall be paid by said district a reason- able compensation for their services. G. s. sec. S9K. See. 247. When any real estate in any district has nSotato omit- not been put into the town list, or, when any polls in any if s d . from graild district, liable to taxation, have not been entered in said list, one or more of the assessors of the town in which such omission has occurred, on application of said dis- trict, shall value such real estate, and make a list of said polls, and add such property and polls to the list of the district. &. s. se-c. 3913. See. 248. When a district lays a tax on the town Snce n c d omp d e - list last completed, and the title to any real estate has tionof gra b een in any way changed between the first day of Octo- ber next preceding, and the time of laying said tax, one or more of the assessors of the town in which such change of property has occurred on application of such district, shall value said real estate in the name of the person owning it at the time of laying said tax, and de- duct the same from the list of the person in whose name it stood on the town list. Q. s. sec. 39ik. See. 249. The assessors, in performing the duties Mode of is- men tioned in the two preceding sections, shall proceed in the manner prescribed for assessing real estate in section 245. G. s. sec. 3867. See. 250. Town, society, school district, and high- iS e on?ist of way taxes shall be laid either on the assessment list of 1 the town last before or on that next thereafter completed, and be payable within one year after they are laid. G. s. sec. 3860. See. 251. Any clerical omission or mistake in the |eriS ti emm assessment of taxes may be at any time corrected ac- cording to the fact, by the assessors or board of relief, and the tax shall be levied and collected according to such corrected assessment. o.s.sec.ss::. See. 252. Every collector of taxes shall, before he Se e bond 8 s! receives any such warrant, give to the community of which he is collector a bond with surety to the accept- ance of the selectmen, or committee, for the faithful dis- charge of his duties. G. s. sec. SB?*. See. 253. The tax-book of any collector of town, tcfpubS? 8 ' en city, borough, or school district taxes shall be at all rea- sonable times open to the inspection of any taxpayer, and 91 to any auditor of public accounts of such town, city, bor- ough, or school district. And any collector who shall, after request, refuse to exhibit his tax -book, as aforesaid, shall forfeit the sum of one hundred dollars to the use of the treasury of such town, city, borough, or school dis- trict, and such penalty may be recovered by an action on such collector's official bond. Sec. 254. ... If any tax laid by any town, city, G. s. borough, or school district, except the town and city of pa New Haven, and any school district within the limits of said town of New Haven, shall remain unpaid for one month, or in said town or city of New Haven, or in any school district within the limits of said town of New Haven for two months, after the same shall become due and payable, interest at the rate of nine per cent, shall be charged from the time when such tax became due until the same shall be paid, which shall be collectible as a part of said tax; and said collectors shall keep an accurate and separate account of all such additions, and the time when the same may be received, and shall pay over the same as a part of said tax. Sec. 255. Taxes shall be deemed to become due on G. s. sec. ssss. the first day on which the collector thereof, according to ^ 8 C when the terms of the notice given by him, is ready to receive due- them. Sec. 256. All taxes, properly assessed, shall become a G. s. sec. swi. , , , , . . , Additional rem debt due from the person, persons, or corporation, against edy for coiiec- ,. x- i / tion of taxes. whom they are respectively assessed, to the city, town, district, or community in whose favor they are assessed, and may be in addition to the other remedies provided by law, recovered by any proper complaint or proceeding at law, in the name of the community in whose favor they are assessed. See. 257. Warrants for the collection of taxes may a. s. sec. 3007. be in the following form : To A. B., collector of taxes of the [here insert the name of the community laying the tax], in the county of - , greeting : By authority of the State of Connecticut, you are hereby commanded forthwith to collect of each person named in the annexed list, his proportion of the same, as Form of tax warrants. 92 therein stated, being a tax laid by [name of community], on the - day of -- , A. D. 18. And you are to pay the amount of said tax, less abatements, and less taxes, the lien for which has been continued by certifi- cate, to the treasurer of said [name of community], on or before the - day of - , A. D. 18 . And if any person fails to pay his proportion of said tax, upon de- mand, you are to levy upon his goods and chattels, and dispose of the same as the law directs ; and after satisfy- ing said tax and the lawful charges, return the overplus, if any, to him ; and if such goods and chattels do not come to your knowledge, you are to levy upon his real estate, and sell enough thereof to pay his tax and the costs of levy, and give to the purchaser a deed thereof, or take the body of said person and him commit unto the keeper of the jail of said county within the prison, who is hereby commanded to receive and safely keep him until he shall pay said sum, together with your fees, or be discharged in due course of law. Dated at - , this - - day of -- , A. D. 18. A. B. , Justice of the Peace. E 8 lem cb tionof ^ 6C ' ^^' ^^ e ^ oar( l f relief for each town shall honorably 11 dis- exempt from taxation, to the amount of one thousand dierg, sailors, dollars, the property of every resident of this State who etc., from taxa- , , . . , tion by boards has served in the army, navy, marine corps, or revenue marine service of the United States in time of war and Btoneni pen " received an honorable discharge therefrom, or, lacking such amount of property in his own name, so much of the property of the wife of any such person as shall be necessary to equal said amount ; and property to the same amount of the resident widow ; or, if there be no- widow, of the widowed mother of every person having died during his term of service, or after receiving honor- able discharge from said service ; and of resident pen- sioned widows, fathers, and mothers of soldiers, sailors, and marines, who served in the army, navy, or marine corps, or revenue marine service of the United States. Such exemption shall first be made in the town in which the person entitled thereto resides, and any person ask- ing such exemption in any other town shall make oath before, or forward his or her affidavit to, the board of relief of such town that such exemption, if allowed, will not, together with any other exemptions which may have been granted under the provisions of this section, exceed the amount of one thousand dollars. The board of relief of each town shall annually make a certified list of all persons, resident in such town, who are found to be en- titled to exemption under the provisions of this section, Board of relief which shall be filed in the town clerk's office, and shall emptVwith^ be prima facie evidence that such persons are entitled to to such exemption so long as they reside in said town ; but such board may at any time require any such person to appear before it for the purpose of furnishing additional evidence. CHAPTER XVIII General Provisions SECTION 259. Arbor and bird day. 260. School officers on each ballot. 261. Ballots in any envelope. 262. Women may be school visitors. 263. Women may vote for school officers. 264. Kegistration. 265. Separate voting lists. 26G. "Women's ballots." 267. Public buildings. 268. Warnings. 269. Moderator ; tie vote. 270. Power of moderator to suppress dis- order. 271. Flags upon public buildings and schoolhouses. 272. Penalty for violation. 273. Unlawful exhibition and employment of child under the age of twelve years. SECTION 274. Minors not to loiter or play in pool or billiard rooms ; penalty. 275. Injury to public buildings or furniture. 276. Breaking and entering in the day or night season with intent to put in fear, etc. 277. Breaking and entering in the daytime with intent to commit crime. 278. Penalty. 279. Interrupting or disturbing schools or meetings. 280. Disturbance of meetings. 281. Obscene literature, etc. 282. Books and periodicals devoted wholly to criminal news. 283. Public buildings to be provided with safe exits. 284. Barbed wire fences. 285. Penalty. ARBOR DAY Sec 259. The Governor shall annually, in the spring, o. s. sec. use. designate by official proclamation, an arbor and bir day, to be observed in the schools and for economic tree-planting. 94 BALLOTS le?2. ch ' ccvii ' See. 260. Votes cast for representatives, justices of on h eachSn e ot s tne P e &ce, town, city, borough, and school officers, or so many thereof as shall be voted for at one and the same election, shall be on one ballot, which ballot shall be six inches long by five and one-half inches wide. i899,ch. ccvii, gee. 261. Each elector may place in the envelope any rece i ve( i by him . . . one ballot for representative or representatives, as the case may be, justices of the peace, town, city, borough, and school officers, or so many thereof as shall be voted for at one and the same election, and one vote for or against any educa- tional purpose under the special laws of this State. WOMEN as.tec.tioi. See. 262. No person shall be deemed ineligible to SSrofflSre? 8 serve as a member of any board of education, board of 1887, ch. cxxxvi. school visitors, school committee, or district committee, or disqualified from holding such office by reason of sex. less^ch. ccixvi, ec> 263. Every woman who shall have attained the ^tT^rTchooi a ^ e of twenty-one years, who shall be a citizen of this officers. State, or of the United States, and who shall have resided in the State one year, and in the town for six months, and can read the English language, shall have the right to vote at any meeting held for the purpose of choosing any officer of schools or for any educational purpose under the general or special laws of this State. 8ecV h ' cxh ' See. 264. Every woman who is entitled to vote Names of under any of the special or general laws of this State tobe e made r " IK must first have her name published on the list of voters pubTishea be "to be made "and qualify before the proper board the same as is required, by law, of men. 1893, ch. ccixvi, See. 265. Whenever, in any school district, registry separate voting lists shall be used by those voting in school district meet- ings, it shall be the duty of the registrars of voters of the town in which such districts are situated to prepare separate lists of the names of those women residing in such school districts, or the voting districts of any such school districts, that have been registered by the town clerk under the provisions of this act. 95 See. 266. At all elections at which women are by isw, ch. ccvii, law entitled to vote, there shall be provided separate women's ballots containing, in addition to the name of the party ballots issuing the same, only the names of candidates and offices for which women are entitled to vote, and there shall be provided at such elections a separate ballot-box ^XuSxes distinctly marked "for women's ballots," in which shall be deposited all ballots cast by women. PUBLIC BUILDINGS See. 267. In the construction of all statutes of this &. s. sec. i. State, the term "public buildings" shall include . . any f n g b 8 Ucl college, academy, schoolhouse, or other building gener- ally used for literary instruction. WARNINGS See. 268. The warning of every town meeting, an- o. s.sec. ss. nual or special, and of every meeting of a city, borough, w school society, school district, 1 or other public commu- nity, or of an ecclesiastical society, or of proprietors of common fields, shall specify the objects for which such meeting is to be held. . . 2 MODERATOR See. 269. . . All towns when lawfully assembled o- & sec. SB for any other purpose than the election of town officers, M and all societies and other communities, when lawfully assembled, shall have power to choose a moderator to preside at said meetings, unless it be otherwise specially provided by law ; and all questions arising in such meet- Tie vote, ings shall be decided by a major vote of the qualified voters present and voting, or, when there shall be an equal vote, by the moderator. 1 Sec. 116. * The objects must be intelligently stated. 13 Conn., 234. The gen- eral clause " and to do any other proper business " does not justify pass- ing new by-laws. 5 Conn., 396; 8 Conn., 253; 37, 398. Record of a meeting as " duly warned " prima facie evidence of such fact. 25 Conn., 563. 96 o.s. sec. 52. See. 270. The moderator of any town meeting, an - to sup?" nual or special, and of any meeting of any society or Jer ' other community lawfully assembled, may, when any disorder arises in the meeting, and the offender shall re- fuse to submit to his lawful authority, order any proper officer to take him into custody, and, if necessary, to re- move him out of such meeting until he shall conform to order, or, if need be, until such meeting shall be closed, and thereupon such officer shall have power to command all necessary assistance, and any person refusing to as- sist when commanded shall be liable to the same penal- ties as for refusing to assist sheriffs and constables in the execution of their offices ; but no person com- manded to assist shall be deprived of his right to act in the meeting, nor shall the offender be so deprived any longer than he refuses to conform to order FLAGS UPON PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND SCHOOLHOUSES. is^ch. ixxxiv, gee. 271. It shall be unlawful to display the flag or unlawful to di*. emblem of any foreign country upon the outside of any flag yf state, county, city, or town building, or public school- house within this State ; provided, however, that when any foreigner shall become the guest of the United States, or of this State, iipon proclamation by the gov- ernor, the flag of the country of which such public guest shall be a citizen may be displayed upon public build- ings, but not upon public schoolhouses. 1895, en. ixxxiv, Sec. 272. A violation of this act shall subject the Penalty for vio- offender to a fine of not less than twenty-five nor more than one hundred dollars. OFFENSES AGAINST THE PERSON G.s.sec.ui7. See. 273. Every person who shall exhibit, use, em- > apprentice, give away, let out, or otherwise dispose cn i^ under the age of twelve years, in or for the age of 12 years, vocation, occupation, service, or purpose of rope or wire walking, dancing, skating, bicycling, or peddling, or as a gymnast, contortionist, rider, or acrobat, in any place whatever, or for or in any obscene, indecent, or immoral purpose, exhibition, or practice, whatsoever ; or for or in 97 any business, exhibition, or vocation, injurious to the health, or dangerous to the life or limb of such child ; or who shall cause, procure, or encourage any such child to engage therein, shall be fined not more than two hundred and fifty dollars, or imprisoned not less than thirty days, nor more than one year, or both. But nothing herein shall prevent the employment of any such child as a singer or musician, in any church or school, or in learn- ing or teaching the science or practice of music. x MINORS ' IN POOL OR BILLIARD ROOMS Sec. 274. The proprietor or keeper of any public & ; pool or billiard room, who shall permit any minor under loiter the age of sixteen years to loiter in or about such room, ?oom? bl or to play any game upon the table or tables therein, shall be fined not more than seven dollars. OFFENSES AGAINST PUBLIC PROPERTY Sec. 275. Every person who shall willfully 8 injure G. s. sec. ws. any public building, house of public worship, college, or Hc j schoolhouse, or who shall willfully injure or carry away fmuiture any stove, stovepipe, or furniture, in and belonging to any such building, shall be fined not more than twenty dollars, or imprisoned not more than ninety days, or both. OFFENSES AGAINST PRIVATE PROPERTY Sec. 276. Every person who, in the night season, with intent to commit any crime therein, shall break and enter any building or vessel in the possession of another jjfion, wfuf used as a place for the custody of property, or any build - ing used as a place of instruction or of public worship ; or, in the daytime, with like intent, shall break and enter any building or vessel in the possession of another used as a dwelling ; or, in the daytime, with like intent, shall break and enter any building in the possession of another, any person therein being put in fear or dread, 1 See also Gen. Stat., sees. 3080 and 3092. 'The word willfully means that the injury must have been committed in a spirit of wantonness, or with an evil intent, or guilty purpose. State v. Foote, 71 Conn., 737. shall be imprisoned in the State prison not more than four years. a. s. sec. ikki. Sec. 277. Every person who, in the daytime, with intent to commit any crime therein, shall break and enter any building or vessel in the possession of another used as a place for the custody of property, or any build- ing used as a place of instruction or of public worship, shall be imprisoned not more than three years. G. s. sec. IMS. See. 278. Every person who shall attempt to vio- late any of the provisions of the two preceding sections shall be imprisoned not more than two years. o. s. sec. woo. See. 279. Every person who shall willfully inter- d2fiiSSi ng r rupt or disturb any school, or any assembly of people meeting** met for a lawful purpose, shall be fined not more than seven dollars, or imprisoned not more than thirty days, or both. 1 OFFENSES AGAINST PUBLIC PEACE AND SAFETY Q. s. sec. mo. See. 280. Every person who shall prevent a law- mee5ng ance f ful meeting of any community from proceeding, in an orderly and peaceable manner, to the appointment of a moderator, or shall abuse him, or a presiding officer of an electors' meeting, or interrupt either in the discharge of his duty, or, after he has commanded silence, shall speak in the meeting without his liberty, except to ask reasonable liberty to speak, shall be fined not more than fifty dollars. OFFENSES AGAINST MORALITY G. s. sec. 1537. See. 281. Every person who shall buy, sell, adver- ture c e e n tc. litera " ti se > lend, gi ye > offer, or show, or have in his possession with intent to sell, lend, give, offer, or show any obscene or indecent book, pamphlet, paper, picture, print, draw- ing, figure, image, or other engraved, printed, or written matter, or any article or instrument of indecent or im- moral use or purpose, unless with intent to aid in their suppression, or in enforcing the provisions hereof, or shall design, copy, draw, photograph, print, etch, en- 'This section includes singing schools. 26 Conn., 607. What con- stitutes a school. 23 Conn. , 232. 99 grave, cut, carve, make, utter, publish, or otherwise pre- pare, or assist in preparing, anything herein named, shall be fined not more than three hundred dollars, or impris- oned in a jail not more than twelve months, or both. See. 282. Every person who shall sell, lend, give, <* s - sec - m8 - , .,. . -AI_ x a. x n i j Books and peri- or offer, or have in his possession with intent to sell, lend, odicais devoted give, or offer, any book, magazine, pamphlet, or paper, nauiews! cr devoted wholly, or principally, to the publication of crim- inal news or pictures, and stories of deeds of bloodshed, lust, or crime, shall be fined not more than fifty dollars, or imprisoned not more than three months, or both. PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY Sec. 283. In all cities the court of common council, & s.^tets. in all boroughs the warden and burgesses, and in all f U be provS 8 towns and parts of towns not within the limits of any city with 8afe ' or borough, the selectmen shall require that all churches, schoolhouses, and all public halls that are used for lec- tures, amusements, exhibitions, or assemblages of people, shall be provided with ample facilities for safe and speedy entrance and exit in case of necessity, and be arranged so as to promote the comfort and safety of persons visiting them, and be closed till such requisitions are complied with ; and any city, borough, or town may make suitable by-laws regarding the same. Sec. 284. No barbed wire shall be used in the con- igy h - csliii ' struction of fences, or retained upon existing fences, ^^ wire connected with or enclosing the grounds of any public school or other public building in this State. See. 285. Any person who shall violate the pro- is^cn. visions of the preceding section shall be fined not more Penalty, than one hundred dollars. 100 Special Acts relating to Schools ANSONIA Special Acts of 1893, Page 940 Sec. 19. Said city shall be, as said town has been, a consolidated school district; and said city shall be substituted for and take the place of the town of Ansonia in all matters, meetings, duties, powers, obligations, and proceedings required by law of or by the town of Ansonia in all matters concerning education, and shall act instead of said town; and all the powers, obligations, duties, rights, and property of said town of Ansonia, whether as such town or as a consolidated school district, shall, with reference to education, be vested in and belong to said city of Ansonia, which shall be and act to all intents and purposes as such consolidated school district. The election of officers heretofore chosen by the town of Ansonia, a con- solidated school district, as school officers known by the name of board of educa- tion and being a school committee of said district, is hereby validated and con- firmed with their doings, and such officers being the present members of the school committee of said town and district, shall be and constitute the board of education of said city, and such officers shall hold their offices during their respec- tive terms, and until their successors are chosen and qualified. Should any vacancy occur before the expiration of the term of office of any member of the said board, the remaining members of said board may appoint some person to fill such vacancy for the remainder of such term; and the members of said board of education shall be electors of said city. Said board of education shall have all the powers now or hereafter vested in, and shall perform all the duties now or hereafter imposed by law on the school committee and selectmen of towns relative to schools and educational matters, and such board shall have the superintendence, management, and control of all matters concerning education, schools, and school property, and the power of fixing or changing the sites of schoolhouses in said city. The mayor of said city shall assign one or more patrolmen to act as truant officers in enforcing the general statutes in such cases made and provided. Approved, June 29, 1893. BRIDGEPORT Special Acts of 1889, Page 859 Sec. 15. Said city shall be, as said town has been, a consolidated school district; and said city shall be substituted for and take the place of the town of Bridgeport in all matters, meetings, duties, powers, obligations, and proceedings required by law of or by the town of Bridgeport in all matters concerning education, and shall act instead of said town; and all the powers, obligations, duties, rights, and property of said town of Bridgeport, whether as such town or as a consolidated school district, shall, with reference to education, be vested in and belong to said city of Bridgeport, which shall be and act to all intents and purposes as such consolidated school district. The election of officers heretofore chosen by the town of Bridgeport, a consolidated school district, as school officers known by the name of the " board of education," and being a school committee of said dis- trict, is hereby validated and confirmed with their doings, and such officers, being the present members of the school committee of said town and district, shall be and constitute the board of education of said city, and such officers shall hold their offices during their respective terms, and until their successors are chosen and qualified. At the meeting of the electors of said city, held on the first Monday 101 of April, 1889, and annually thereafter, on the same day, there shall be chosen by ballot four members of said board of education for the term of three years from and after the first Monday of May next succeeding their election, and at said election no person shall vote for more than one-half the number of said members to be chosen. Should any vacancy occur before the expiration of the term of office of any member of said board, the remaining members of said board may appoint some person to fill such vacancy for the remainder of such term; and the members of said board of education shall be electors of said city. Said board of education shall have all the powers now or hereafter vested in and shall per- form all the duties now or hereafter imposed by law on the school committee and selectmen of towns relative to schools and educational matters, and such board shall have the superintendence, management, and control of all matters concerning education, schools, and school property, and the power of fixing or changing the sites of schoolhouses in said city. The police commissioners of said city shall assign one or more patrolmen to act as truant officers in enforcing the statutes of this state in such cases made and provided. Special Act of 1893, Page 278 Applies to the school appropriations of Bridgeport. DERBY Special Acts of 1893, Page 626 Sec. 28. Said city shall be a consolidated school district; and said city shall be substituted for and take the place of the town of Derby in all meetings, matters, duties, powers, obligations, and proceedings required by law of or by the town of Derby in all matters concerning education, and shall act instead of said town ; and all the powers, obligations, duties, rights, and property of the several school dis- tricts and said town shall, with reference to education, be vested in and belong to said city, which shall be and act to all intents and purposes as such consolidated school district. There shall be in said city a board of education consisting of six electors, who shall hold office for the term of four years from the first Monday of January suc- ceeding their election, and until their successors are duly elected and qualified. Each ward shall elect two members of the board of education, and in the second ward one member of said board shall be a resident of the present third school district of said town, and one member of said board shall be a resident of the present sixth school district; in the third ward one member of said board shall be a resident of the present first school district, and one member of said board shall be a resident of the present second school district. At the city election held on the first Monday of December, 1893, two members of the board of education shall be elected in each ward, but no person shall vote for more than one member of such board. Of the members elected at such election in each ward one shall be elected for three years, and one for one year from the first Monday of January, 1894, the person in each ward having the greatest number of votes shall be elected for the three-year term, and the person in each ward having the next greatest number of votes shall be elected for the one-year term. At the city election held on the first Monday of December, 1894, afl d biennially thereafter, one member of said board shall be elected from each ward for the term of four years. Vacancies in said board may be filled by the remaining members of said board until the same shall be filled by the voters of the ward in which such vacancy occurs, and in case it is filled by the voters of said ward, it shall only be for the unexpired'term. Said board of education shall have all the powers now or hereafter vested in and shall perform all the duties now or hereafter imposed by law on the school committee and selectmen of towns, and the board of school visitors relative to schools and educational matters, and such board shall have the super- 102 intendence, management, and control of all matters concerning education, schools, and school property in said city. The police commissioner of said city shall assign one or more policemen to act as truant officers in enforcing the statutes of this state in such cases provided. The membership of said board shall be divided equally between the two lead- ing political parties, for the time being, and vacancies shall be filled from the same political party in which the vacancy exists. Said board of education shall, monthly, audit and approve all bills for the ordinary current expenses of its department, and report the same to the city clerk, who shall thereupon certify whether or not the appropriation is sufficient for the payment thereof; and if sufficient he shall draw his order for the same upon the city treasurer in favor of the persons entitled to payment thereof. Said board of education shall submit to the mayor on or before the first Monday of October in each year an estimate of the amount required for the support and maintenance of the public schools in said city for the ensuing fiscal year. Sec. zg. All the property of the town of Derby, the borough of Birmingham, and the several school districts of said town and all rights of action and all securi- ties of said municipalities and liens therefor, including liens for taxes or assess- ments due the town of Derby, the borough of Birmingham, and the several school districts in said town, are hereby transferred to and vested in said city of Derby, and the city of Derby is hereby made liable for all the debts, dues, bonds, and obligations of every kind and nature of the town of Derby, the borough of Birming- ham, and the several school districts of said town, that are now due or may here- after become due, and shall execute, abide by, and perform all of the duties and obligations and have and exercise all the rights of said town of Derby, the borough of Birmingham, and the several school districts of said town, and any creditor or person whomsoever having any claim or right of action arising out of any contract, obligation, or otherwise against said town, said borough, or said school districts, may enforce the same against the said city of Derby in the same manner as if said claim, right, or obligation had originally accrued against said city of Derby. Approved, June 7, 1893. HARTFORD Special Acts of 1899, Page 354 Concerning the Northwest School District of Hartford That the resolution passed at the January session of 1897 (special acts, volume XII, page 1032), Changing School District Lines in Hartford, be and it is hereby amended by adding the following section: Sec. 5. The chairman of the school committee of the Northwest school district, on or before the twentieth day of October in each year, shall file with the town clerk of the town of Bloomfield a sworn statement of the names and the number of persons over four and under sixteen years of age who shall belong, on the first Mon- day of said month, to that section of the Northwest school district which lies in the town of Bloomfield, together with the names of the parents, guardians, or employ- ers of such persons, as ascertained by the enumeration made during said month according to the provisions of chapter L of the public acts of 1897, and the selectmen of the town of Bloomfield shall cause to be paid annually to the town of Hartford for each person so enumerated the sum of fifteen dollars in discharge of any legal obligation of the town of Bloomfield to contribute towards the cost of maintaining the public schools in said Northwest school district. MANCHESTER Special Acts of 1895, Page 408 Ninth School District Section i. That the territory and inhabitants, within the limits of the Ninth school district of Manchester are hereby made a body politic and corporate by the name of the Ninth School District of Manchester, and shall have all the powers and privileges of school districts under the laws of this state. 103 Sec. 2. The first meeting of said district shall be held in June, 1895, and shall be called by the present district committee. At said meeting shall be elected, by ballot, a committee consisting of five persons, whose terms of office shall begin July 15, 1895. One of this number shall be elected to hold office until the next annual meeting, two until the second annual meeting, and the remaining two until the third annual meeting thereafter. At each annual meeting of the said district, which shall be held in June, so many members of said committee shall be elected by ballot to hold office for three years as, together with those previously elected to hold office beyond said annual meeting, will make the whole number five; and all members of said committee shall be residents of said district. In case of vacancy caused by resignation, death, or removal from the district, the remaining members of the committee shall fill the vacancy until the next annual meeting of said district, when a member shall be elected for the unexpired term. The chairman of the district committee shall give due notice of all meetings of said district, and may call a special meeting thereof at any time, and shall call one on the written request of twenty legal voters of the district. Sec. 3. Said committee shall examine, employ, and dismiss teachers, shall determine the number and qualifications of the scholars to be admitted into each school, provided that all children of school age within said district shall be ad- mitted to some one of the schools maintained by said district, may prescribe the course of study to be followed in the schools, and shall exercise all the powers and perform all the duties of district committees and school visitors. The authority of the school visitors of the town in which said district is situated shall extend only to the remaining portion of said town. Sec. 4. In the town of Manchester, in each year, before the third Tuesday of June, the school visitors shall elect three of their own number, and the committee chosen under the provisions of this resolution shall also elect three of their own number, and these six persons, together with the selectmen of said town, shall be the joint board of the town of Manchester in lieu of that provided for in Sec- tion 2234 of the general statutes, and shall have the rights and perform the duties of said joint board prescribed in sections 2234, 2236, and 2237 of the general statutes. NAUGATUCK Special Laws of 1895, Page 221 Sec. 6. All burdens and all expenses imposed by law upon the town of Naugatuck, for the support of schools, shall hereafter be borne by said borough; and said borough shall hereafter perform all the duties, and have and exercise all the rights, powers, and privileges of and relative to said purposes and matters by law conferred upon said town; and all laws of the state imposing such duties, burdens, and expenses, and conferring such rights, powers, and privileges upon said town, are hereby amended, so as to be hereafter applicable to, and operative upon, said borough, except as is herein otherwise provided. Sec. 23. There shall be in said borough a board of education consisting of six electors of said borough. Of the members elected at the annual electors' meeting of said borough in May, 1895, two shall be elected for the term of three years, two for the term of two years, and two for the term of one year, respectively, and at said election in May, 1895, no person shall vote for more than one person for each of the respective terms last above named. At the borough election held on the first Monday of May, 1896, and annually thereafter, two members of said board of education shall be elected for the term of three years, but no person shall vote for more than one member of said board at any election after May, 1895, except for persons to fill vacancies. Vacancies in said board may be filled by the remaining members of said board until the same shall be filled by the voters thereof, but only for the unexpired term. Said board of education shall have all the powers now or hereafter vested in, and shall perform all the duties now or hereafter imposed by law on the school visitors of the several towns in this state. The board of education and the warden and burgesses of said borough shall meet as a 104 joint board on the second Tuesday in June in each year, and prepare a statement showing the estimated cost of each and all the public schools in the borough for the succeeding school year, and shall immediately thereafter notify the com- mittees of the respective school districts of the several amounts so estimated, and said board of education shall present, at the annual borough meeting, a written or printed statement of the total cost of each and all of the public schools in said borough for the school year next preceding, and shall present an estimate of the cost of such schools for the current school year, at a meeting of the freemen of the borough held in July in each year; and said joint board shall hereafter do and perform all other acts and things that the school visitors and the selectmen of said town of Naugatuck have heretofore done and performed, and as may be hereafter required by law to be done and performed, in the several towns by the board of school visitors and selectmen. NEW HAVEN Special Acts of 1899, Page 419 Department of Education Sec. 104. There shall be in said city a department of education, which shall have the care and management of all the affairs of the New Haven city school dis- trict. After this act takes effect no meeting of the New Haven city school district shall be held for any purpose whatever. Sec. 105. Said department shall be under the control of a board of education of seven members who shall serve without compensation. The members of the board of education in office at the time this act takes effect shall hold their respect- ive offices during the terms for which they were appointed unless sooner removed for cause according to the provisions of this act. On or before the first day of Sep- tember, 1899, the mayor shall appoint two members of said board to serve four years from the third Monday in September next following; on or before the first day of September, 1900, the mayor shall appoint two members of said board to serve four years from the third Monday of September next following; on or before the first day of September, 1901, he shall appoint two members of said board to serve for four years from the third Monday of September next following; and on or before the first day of September, 1902, said Mayor shall appoint one member of said board to serve for a period of four years from the third Monday^ of September next follow- ing. And on or before the first day of September in every year thereafter the mayor shall fill the vacancies about to occur in said board by appointing one or two members, as the case may be, to serve for four years from the third Monday in September following their appointment. Not more than four members of the same political party shall at any one time be members of said board. The mayor shall fill all vacancies caused by death, resignation, or otherwise, by appointment, for the unexpired term. If the mayor shall refuse, fail, or neglect for thirty days to make an appointment to fill any vacancy that may occur in said board, either by death, resignation, removal, or otherwise, then the remaining members of said board may elect a suitable person to fill such vacancy. Sec. 106. The board of education shall appoint a superintendent of schools, and shall decide the number of principals, assistants, and teachers to be employed. It may appoint or employ a secretary, an inspector of buildings, and such other officers and employes as may be necessary for the proper conduct of its business. It shall fix their terms of office and their salaries and prescribe their 'duties in each case, except as hereinafter provided. The officers and employes of the New Haven city school district, at the time of the taking effect of this act, shall retain their respective offices until their successors shall be chosen, and the rules and regula- tions of the board of education then in existence, not inconsistent with this act, shall remain in full force until repealed. Said board shall have the entire charge and direction of all the public schools of said district, and of the expenditure of all moneys appropriated for the support of the same, and shall have charge of the con- struction, management, and repair of all school buildings, and shall possess all other powers and be subject to all of the general duties of boards of education, 105 school committees, and school visitors in this state, so far as the same are consist- ent with the terms of this act. It shall annually choose a president from among its own members, make its own by-laws, keep a journal of its proceedings, define the duties of its officers and committees, and prescribe such rules and regulations for discipline in said public schools as are not inconsistent with the laws of the state. Sec. 107. The superintendent of schools, if he has not held the office before, shall be appointed for one year, and if continued in office thereafter may be appointed for a term of five years, and his salary shall not be reduced before the expiration of said term of five years. He shall not be removed during said term except by the vote of five members of the board of education. He shall appoint from those eligible under the rules of the board all principals, assistants, and teach- ers necessary to fill positions authorized by the board. He shall assign all prin- cipals, assistants, and teachers to their respective positions and re-assign them or dismiss them from office at his discretion. He shall report at each meeting of the board all appointments, re-assignments, and dismissals made by him since the pre- vious meeting. Any appointment by the superintendent may be rejected by a vote of five members of the board. Any dismissal by the superintendent shall be final unless reversed by a vote of five members of the board at the meeting when such dismissal is reported. Notice of dismissal on the part of the superintendent shall be given to the principal, assistant, or teacher, by the superintendent in writing at least one week before the meeting of the board when the superintendent reports such dismissal. He shall, with the approval of the board of education, prescribe the courses of study in all the schools, but the text-books to be used in said courses shall be designated by the board. The superintendent shall annually, at a date to be fixed by the board, submit to the board a full report of the work and condition of the schools during the previous year, with recommendations for the ensuing year, which report, when accepted by the board, shall form part of its report to the mayor. He shall also report, each month during the school year, to the board in writing, any changes made in the several courses of study, and what principals, assistants, and teachers he has assigned, re-assigned, or dismissed, and shall fur- nish such additional information regarding the condition of the schools and the efficiency of the teaching force as may be required by the board. Said monthly reports shall be entered in a suitable book provided for the purpose, and shall be kept as a part of the records of the department. Sec. 108. The treasure? of the city shall receive the amount of school money to which the district is entitled from the school moneys of the state, from the town of New Haven, from state appropriations for school purposes, from gifts, and from the tax laid within the district for school purposes, which moneys shall be subject to the order of the board of education under such rules and regulations as the board of finance may from time to time establish. Sec. 109. The board of education shall submit to the board of finance of the city, at the time fixed by law for the submission of the estimates of the other de- partments of said city, a detailed estimate of its expenses for the next year for which the appropriations for city purposes are by law required to be made, specifying separately the sums needed for current and special expenses. Sec. no. Said board of finance shall annually appropriate for the purpose of said district such amount as it may deem necessary for such purposes. Appropria- tions made for school sites and the building and furnishing of new schoolhouses or additions to old ones shall be known as the special school fund, and it shall be the duty of the board of education to cause accurate accounts to be kept of its receipts and expenditures, distinguishing between those of a general and those of a special character. The board of finance shall levy, for school purposes, a tax upon all property within said district as now or hereafter constituted. Sec. in. The board of education shall have power to maintain one or two high schools, as it may deem advisable, and a manual training school, and it shall determine the number and location of primary and grammar schools, but no ex- penditure involving any expense to the city of New Haven or the New Haven city school district for the purchase of ground or the erection of schoolhouses shall be made until a special appropriation for that purpose shall have been made. 106 Sec. 112. Said board shall annually, at a date to be fixed by the mayor, trans- mit to the mayor a full report of its proceedings during the previous year, together with a statement of its receipts and expenditures, specifying those on account of current expenses, and special expenses for land and buildings respectively, with such other details as the mayor may from time to time require. Sec. 113. Said- board shall have power to divide the school district into as many sub-districts as it may deem advisable for the purpose of determining the limits within which children may attend each school. Sec. 114. The city of New Haven, upon the recommendation of the board of education, shall have power to take sites for schoolhouses, or for the enlargement of sites already acquired, in the manner provided by law for the taking of land for public parks. Sec. 115. The title to all property, legal or equitable, owned by such district, or which may hereafter be acquired for school purposes in said district, is hereby vested in the board of education, as trustee for said New Haven city school district. Sec. 116. The Westville school district and the South school district are ex- cepted from the provisions hereof. Whenever the electors of either the Westville school district or the South school district in the town and city of New Haven shall, by a majority vote in district meeting, in the manner provided for the admission of the different wards in section 218 of this act, express their desire to have their district annexed to the New Haven city school district, said vote shall be certified to the board of education of the New Haven city school district, and said board shall then, by a proper vote, declare the district in question to be a part of the New Haven city school district, and it shall thereafter be included in said New Haven city school district, and be governed by all the provisions of this act relating to said district. NEW LONDON Special Acts of 1893, Page 699 Sec. 55. All the rights, powers, and duties relative to education, schools, school districts, schoolhouses, school lands, school property, and school officers, of what- soever kind, heretofore conferred or imposed, or hereafter to be conferred or imposed upon towns, shall be and they are imposed *and conferred, within the limits of the city of New London, upon said city, and upon- the officers chosen by it for school purposes. Sec. 56. The school visitors of said city shall continue to be such school officers and shall be charged with and perform all the duties of a school committee and shall have all its powers, and shall act in the place and stead of such com- mittee in all things; and the city of New London shall be substituted for and take the place of the town of New London in all matters concerning education, and shall act instead of said town in all of the same. Sec. 57. All the powers, obligatory duties, rights, and property of said city of New London, whether as such city, or as a union school district, in respect to education and schools, shall be vested in and belong to said city of New London, which shall be and act, for all intents and purposes, as such union school district, and all such powers and duties of said city shall be exercised and performed by said board of school visitors, unless otherwise ordered by said city. Special Acts of 1899, Page 264 An Act Annexing a Portion of the Town of Waterford to the Town and City of New London Sec. 5. The territory hereby annexed shall be a part of the Union school dis- trict of the city of New London, and from the time when this act takes effect said city shall assume and become liable for all obligations for the care and expense of schools and education in said territory. 107 Special Acts of 1899, Page 371 An Act amending the Charter of the City of New London Sec. 3. The title to the public schoolhouses, school lands, and school property in said city, other than that endowed or specially dedicated by private bequests, shall vest in said city of New London, and shall not be conveyed by deed, lease, or otherwise without the authority of the court of common council of said city. Sec. 7. The mayor of said city, for the time being, shall be a member, ex officio, of the board of water commissioners, the board of sewer commissioners, and the board of school visitors. NORWICH Special Acts of 1897, Page 1058 Amending the Charter of the Falls District Section i. That the third or Falls school district in the town of Norwich be and the same is hereby made and constituted a body politic and corporate by the name of the Falls District. Said district shall receive its proportion of the public money, shall have entire control of all the schools within its limits, may establish and maintain schools of different grades, and shall have and enjoy all the powers and privileges at present enjoyed by school districts in this state. Sec. 2. There shall be elected at a meeting held within and for said The Falls District, on the Friday following the second Monday of June, 1897, at 7.30 o'clock P. M., at the schoolhouse in said The Falls District, a committee consisting of seven persons, voters in said district, by ballot and by a majority vote, three of the members of said committee to be elected for one year from and after the date of said meeting, two members of said committee to be elected for two years from and after the date of said meeting, and two members of said committee to be elected for three years from and after the date of said meeting. The terms for which -said members are to be elected shall be designated upon the ballot cast for the same, and they and their successors in office shall have the control and management of the schools in said district, examine, approve, employ, and dismiss teachers, prescribe the course of study to be pursued in the schools, and make such by-laws and rules, not inconsistent with the laws of this state, as they shall from time to time deem necessary, choose by ballot and by a majority vote of the said committee a president of said committee, who shall preside at its meetings when present, and at meetings of the district when present, and if the president of said committee shall be absent from any of said meetings then the presiding officer of said meetings shall be selected from any of the voters of said district present, at any of said annual and special meetings of said district, and shall choose in like manner a treasurer of said district from among members of said committee; and shall choose in like manner as aforesaid a clerk of said district; and said committee and their successors in office shall also have the power and authority to borrow money for school purposes upon the credit of said district when authorized by vote of said district. In case of vacancy caused by resignation, death, or removal from the district, the remaining members of said committee by a majority vote shall fill the vacancy until the next annual meeting of said district, when some person shall be elected by the said district for the unexpired term, and said committee shall do and perform all such acts as are now by law devolved upon the district committee of said third school district. The compensation of all of the officers and committees shall be determined by a vote of the district. Sec. 3. Said committee shall hold its regular meetings on the first Monday of each month, and special meetings may be called by the president upon three days' notice thereof, and shall be called by him upon the written application of four mem- bers of the committee. Sec. 4. The annual meeting of said The Falls District shall be held on the Friday after the second Monday of June in each year, at which meeting said dis- trict shall elect, by ballot and by a majority vote of the qualified electors of the 108 district present and voting, two members of the said committee for a term of three years, to fill the places of the members whose terms of office shall have ex- pired; and shall elect in the manner hereinbefore provided a member or members to fill the unexpired term of any member or members of said committee who shall have resigned, died, or moved out of the district, as provided by section two of this charter, and a collector of taxes. The annual report of the committee and of the district treasurer shall be submitted to said meeting. Sec. 5. There shall also be elected at each annual meeting for the election of the said committee, in addition to the number specified in section four, by a majority vote, by ballot, a member of said committee who shall hold office for one year from and after the date of his said election. Sec. 6. The annual tax meeting of The Falls District shall be held on the Friday following the second Monday of June in each year, and the special meet- ings of the district may be called by the said committee as occasion may require, and shall be called on application in writing of fifteen legal voters of said' district. Sec. 7. The district treasurer and the collector of taxes shall each give a bond to the satisfaction of a committee of three voters of said district, elected by the voters of said district at its annual meeting for the purposes mentioned in this section, conditioned for the faithful performance of their respective duties, and for an accounting of all moneys that may be received by either of them. Approved, May 26, 1897. Special Acts of 1899, Page 85 Incorporating the Greeneville School District Section i. That the Greeneville school district in the town of Norwich be and is hereby made and constituted a body politic and corporate by the name of The Greeneville School District. Sec. 2. Said The Greeneville School District shall receive its proportionate share of the public money; shall have entire and exclusive control of all the public schools within the limits of said district; may establish, maintain, and manage schools of different grades therein, and shall have and may exercise all the powers and privileges at present enjoyed by school districts in this state. Sec. 3. The first meeting of said corporation shall be held in the brick school- house in said district on the Friday next following the third Monday of June, 1899, at half-past seven o'clock in the evening, and there shall be held a regular annual meeting of said corporation at the same place and hour on 'the Friday next following the third Monday of each June thereafter. Sec. 4. Notice of said first meeting, as well as of all regular and special meet- ings, shall be given by publishing a notice thereof once in a daily newspaper pub- lished in the said town of Norwich, not less than five days and not more than ten days prior to such meeting, and also by posting a copy of such notice on the outside of the main entrance door of said schoolhouse, and a similar copy on the public sign-post nearest to said schoolhouse at least five days prior to the date of such meeting. The notice of said first meeting shall be signed and given by the present district committee of said district, and notice of all other meetings shall be signed and given by the board of education of said corporation. The notice of every special meeting shall state the purpose of such meeting. Special meetings may be called and held as occasion may require and shall be called by the said board upon the written request of not less than twenty of the legal voters residing in said district. Sec. 5. All the legal voters of said district shall be entitled to vote at all meet- ings of said corporation, and no other person shall have the right to vote or other- wise to participate in said meetings. Sec. 6. The officers of said corporation shall be a board of education consisting of six persons, a clerk, a treasurer, a collector, and an auditor, each of whom must be a legal voter residing in said district. Sec. 7. All of said officers shall be elected by ballot, and a majority of the law- ful ballots cast shall be requisite to elect. 109 Sec. 8. At said first meeting there shall be chosen two members of said board of education to serve for one year from the date of said meeting, two to serve for two years from said date, and two to serve for three years from said date, and the ballots for members of said board cast at said first meeting shall state the number of years for which each member of said board shall serve. At each annual meeting thereafter there shall be elected two members of said board to serve for three years. At said first meeting there' shall also be elected a clerk, a treasurer, a collector, and an auditor, each to serve for one year from the date of said meeting; arid at each annual meeting thereafter there shall be chosen a clerk, a treasurer, a collector, and an auditor, each for one year from date of election and until their successors are elected and qualified. Sec. 9. The said board of education shall have the entire and exclusive control, supervision, and management of all public schools within the limits of said school district; and shall possess, enjoy, and exercise all the powers, and shall perform all the duties of school district committees and of school visitors; and the school visitors of said town of Norwich shall cease to have and to exercise any authority in said district when this resolution takes effect. Sec. 10. Said board of education shall also have the power to make and to en- force proper rules and by-laws for its own government, and for the management of said corporation and of its affairs; and to amend, alter, or suspend the same; and to choose such officers of said board as it may deem requisite, including a president thereof. Sec. ii. The president of said board shall preside at all the meetings thereof, as well as at all meetings of said corporation, but in case the president is absent, or when there is a vacancy in his office, his duties shall be performed by such other member of said board as shall be designated by vote of the remaining members of said board; provided, that at the said first meeting of said corporation the legal voters present shall elect viva voce the presiding officer of said first meeting. Sec. 12. The auditor shall duly examine all the books, accounts, and vouchers of said corporation and of its officers, shall make a true and full report of his exami- nations and doings, when and as required by the rules and by-laws adopted by said board; and shall perform such other duties as said board may impose on him. The other officers shall discharge the duties, and shall have and exercise the powers and privileges of the corresponding officers of said school district, as constituted before the creation of said corporation. Sec. 13. Said board shall hold meetings for the transaction of business at such times and places as shall be determined by said board, and a majority of the members thereof shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of all proper business. Sec. 14. Said board shall have full and exclusive power to examine, employ, and dismiss teachers for the public schools in said district, and also to perform all the duties and to exercise all the powers and privileges now possessed and enjoyed by school district committees in this state. Sec. is- Said board of education shall have power to borrow money for the legitimate needs of said corporation, upon the credit of said corporation, and to execute and negotiate its suitable obligations therefor. Sec. 16. The treasurer and collector shall each furnish a bond, with surety or sureties satisfactory to said board and conditioned for the faithful performance of their respective duties; and no person shall enter upon the duties of the office of either treasurer or collector until his bond shall have been accepted and approved by said board. Sec. 17. Said board shall fix the compensation of all officers and of all other employes of said corporation. Sec. 18. At each annual meeting after June 23, 1899, there shall be presented written reports of the treasurer and the board of education for the preceding twelve months, and a written estimate by said board of the receipts and expenses of the twelve months following. Sec. 19. Any vacancy in any of said offices shall be filled by said board, or the remaining members thereof, until the next annual meeting. 110 Sec. 20. This act shall take effect on the twenty-third day of June, 1899, on the organization of the first meeting of said corporation as provided in said act; and the terms of all the present officers of the Greeneville School District shall terminate at the time this act takes effect as herein provided; and the report of the officers of said district shall be made at said first meeting. ORANGE Special Acts of 1899, Page 269 An Act concerning the Union School District of Orange Section i. The Union School District of the town of Orange may, at its next annual meeting, vote upon the question of whether or not said district will adopt the form of school government provided for in sections 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, and 2134 of the general statutes, and if a majority of the voters of said district shall at said meeting vote in favor of adopting said form of government, then the officers of said district elected at said annual meeting shall hold office until the third Monday of September, 1899. Sec. 2. If said district shall vote to adopt said form, of government, then said district shall hold its annual meeting on the third Monday of September, 1899, and annually thereafter; and at the annual meeting held on the third Monday of September, 1899, elect the officers provided for in said section 2130 of the general statutes, and shall elect two members of a board of education to serve for one year, two members to serve for two years, and two members to serve for three years, and annually thereafter two members to serve for three years, as provided in said statutes. Sec. 3. Upon said district voting as herein provided, and upon the election of officers of said district as provided in section two, said district and said officers shall have all the powers, rights, and duties, and be subject to all the obligations imposed upon school districts so organized as provided in sections 2130, 2131, 2132, 2133, and 2134 of the general statutes, and all other acts relating to school districts so far as the same are applicable; and in case of a vacancy occurring in any office, the board of education may fill the same till the next annual meeting. Sec. 4. The adoption by said district of said form of government shall in no manner affect the rights, property, or obligations of said school district, but the same shall continue in the same manner as if this act had not been passed, and shall be administered, adjusted, and liquidated by said district and by the officers elected in pursuance of this act, in lieu of the officers now administering the same, and all debts due said district and all obligations due from said district shall be collected and paid by said district and by the officers elected hereunder, to the same extent as if this act had not been passed. Sec. 5. If said district shall vote to adopt said form of government, the school visitors of the town of Orange shall only have jurisdiction in the remaining portion of the town after the third Monday of September, 1899. Sec. 6. This act shall take effect from its passage. VVATERBURY Special Acts of 1899, Page 498 An Act in addition to an Act Revising and Amending the Charter of the City of Waterbury Section i. The territorial limits of the body politic and corporate existing under the name of the city of Waterbury shall hereafter include all land and terri- tory situated within the limits of the Center School District of Waterbury as now or hereafter defined. Sec. 2. There shall be in the city of Waterbury a department of education which shall have the care and management of all the property and affairs of the Center school district of Waterbury. After this act shall take effect no meeting of said Center school district shall be held for any purpose whatever. Ill Sec. 3. Said department shall be under the control of the board of education, consisting of the mayor, who shall be ex officio chairman, and seven members, who shall be elected biennially at the meetings of said city for the election of officers; and for this purpose separate ballots shall be provided in the several voting places in said city. The terms of office of said members shall begin on the first Monday of January next following their election, and the provisions of the charter of said city in relation to the powers and duties of city officers shall apply to said members. Sec. 4. No person shall vote for more than four members of the board of edu- cation. If any ballot found in said boxes shall have the names of more than four persons for members of said board, the first four names only shall be counted, and the seven persons of the whole number voted for and counted as aforesaid having the highest number of votes shall be declared elected members of the board of edu- cation of said city. In case a vacancy shall occur in said board by reason of a tie vote, or death, resignation, or removal, or any other cause, such vacancy may be filled in the manner now provided for filling vacancies in other city offices. Sec. 5. The members of said board of education shall receive such compensa- tion for their services as shall be prescribed by the board of aldermen. Sec. 6. Said board shall hold regular meetings every month, and special meet- ings at such times as it may appoint or the mayor may call. Except in case of a tie, the mayor shall have no vote in any meeting. Sec. 7. The board of education shall appoint a superintendent of schools, and shall decide the number of principals, assistants, and teachers to be employed. It may appoint or employ a clerk, an inspector of buildings, and such other officers and employes as may be necessary for the proper conduct of its business. It shall fix their salaries, subject to the approval of the board of finance, and prescribe their terms of office, and their duties, in each case, except as hereinafter provided. The officers and employes of the Center school district, at the time when this act shall take effect, shall retain their respective offices until their successors shall be chosen and duly qualified, and the rules and regulations of the board of education and district committee then in existence, not inconsistent with this act, shall remain in full force until repealed. The board of education herein provided for shall have the entire charge and direction of all the public schools of said district, and of the expenditure of all moneys appropriated for the support of the same, and shall have power to construct, manage, and repair all school buildings, and shall possess all other powers and be subject to all of the general duties of boards of education, school committees, and school visitors in this state, so far as the same are consist- ent with the terms of this act. It shall make its own by-laws, keep a journal of its proceedings, define the duties of its officers and committees, and prescribe such rules and regulations for discipline in the said public schools as are not inconsistent with the laws of the state. Sec. 8. The superintendent of schools shall be appointed for the term of two years, and his salary shall not be increased or decreased during any term except in the manner provided by the charter of said city. He shall not be removed during said term except by the vote of five members of the board of education. He shall appoint from those eligible under the rules of the board, all principals, assistants, and teachers necessary to fill positions authorized by the board. He shall assign all principals, assistants, and teachers to their respective positions, and re-assign them or dismiss them from office at his discretion. He shall report at each meet- ing of the board all appointments, re-assignments, and dismissals made by him since the previous meeting. Any appointment by the superintendent may be rejected by a vote of the majority of the board. Any dismissal by the superin- tendent shall be final unless reversed by a vote of a majority of the board at the meeting when such dismissal is reported. Notice of dismissal on the part of the superintendent shall be given to the principal, assistant, or teacher by the superin- tendent in writing at least one week before the meeting of the board when the superintendent reports such dismissal. He shall, with the approval of the board of education, prescribe the course of study in all the schools, but the text-books to be used in said courses shall be designated by the board. The superintendent shall 8 112 annually, at a date to be fixed by the board, submit to the board a full report of the work and condition of the schools during the previous year, with recommenda- tions for the ensuing year, which report, when accepted by the board, shall form part of its report to the mayor. He shall also report, each month during the school year, to the board in writing, any changes made in the course of study, and what principals, assistants, and teachers he has assigned, re-assigned, or dismissed, and shall furnish such additional information regarding the condition of the schools and the efficiency of the teaching force as may be required by the board. Said monthly reports shall be entered in a suitable book provided for that purpose, and shall be kept as part of the records of the department. Sec. 9. The treasurer of the city shall receive the amount of school money to which the district is entitled from the school moneys of the state, from the town of Waterbury, from state appropriations for school purposes, from gifts, and from the tax laid within the district for school purposes, which moneys shall be subject to the order of the board of education under such rules and regulations as the board of finance may from time to time establish. Sec. 10. The board of education shall submit to the board of finance of the city, at the time fixed by law for the submission of the estimates of the other de- partments of said city, a detailed estimate of its expenses for the next year for which the appropriations for city purposes are by law required to be made, speci- fying separately the sums needed for current and for special expenses. Sec. ii. The provisions of sections 92 and 93 of the charter of the city of Water- bury shall apply to such estimates, and to all taxes and appropriations based thereon; but no tax shall be laid upon any property lying outside of the present limits of the city of Waterbury and within the limits of said city as hereby estab- lished at a rate exceeding one-half of the rate of taxation upon property lying within the present limits of said city. Sec. 12. The board of education shall annually, at a date fixed by the mayor, transmit to the mayor a full report of its proceedings during the previous year, together with a statement of its receipts and expenditures, specifying those on account of current expenses and special expenses for land and buildings respect- ively, with such other details as the mayor may from time to time, require. Sec. 13. Said board shall have power to divide the school district into as many sub-districts as it may deem advisable, for the purpose of determining the limits within which children may attend each school. Sec. 14. The city of Waterbury, upon the recommendation of the board of education, shall have power to take sites for schoolhouses, or for the enlargement of sites already acquired, in the manner provided by law for taking of land for public parks. Sec. 15. The title to all property, legal or equitable, owned by said district, or which may hereafter be acquired for school purposes in said district, is hereby vested in the board of education, as trustee for said Center School district. Sec. 16. Nothing in this act shall be construed to restrict the right of any woman to vote at any meeting held for the purpose of choosing any officer of schools, or for any educational purpose under the general or special laws of this state, and nothing herein shall confer upon any woman the right to vote for the mayor of said city of Waterbury or any other city officer. Special Acts of 1899, Page 339 Concerning the Bucks Hill School District of Waterbury That all that part of the Bucks Hill school district of the town of Waterbury lying on the southerly side of a line drawn from the southwesterly corner of said district to a point in the Bucks Hill highway opposite the dividing line between property of Henry Simpkins and E. Goodenough, adjacent to said highway, and from thence easterly to the southeast corner of said district, with all persons now and hereafter residing on said territory be and hereby are transferred to the center school district of the town of Waterbury, to which latter district they shall here- after belong. INDEX Section Abolition of school districts, ..... 142, 143 vote how taken, . . . 143 repeal of vote, . . . 163 Accounts of Board of Education, .... 7 Normal School, . . . . 11 State aid to libraries, .... 6 audited by Comptroller, . 6 Alcoholic liquors instruction concerning, ... 41 Acting School Visitor appointment of, .... 87 not necessarily a member of the Board, 88 compensation, . . . .88, 96, 97 duties, ..... 87 in districts having board of education, 57, 88 to certify to State Board of Education, attendance in non-local high schools, 64 to purchase text-books for children when parents are unable, . . 89 Age of school attendance, .... .18,24,39 employment, ...... 23 enumeration, ...... 177 penalty for false statement concerning, . . .23, 25 Agents of school districts, . . . . . 99 State Board of Education, . . . . 3, 4 expenses, .... 4 duties, . . . . 3, 4, 20 Almshouse, not exempt from taxation, .... 244 Ansonia, district of, ...... p. 100 Apparatus State aid for, ...... 172 to be approved by school visitors, . . . 78, 173 districts may purchase, .... 102 Appeal to Superior Court in proceedings for taking land for schoolhouse site, . . 187, 138 to alter school districts, . . 106 define boundary lines, . . 104 divide district property, . 156 Appraisement of district property at time of consolidation, . 155, 156 Apportionment of money to school districts, ... 191 districts lying in two or more towns, 202 Appropriation for Normal Schools, .... 8 public schools, .... 182 114 Section Appropriation for school libraries, . . . 172 teachers' meetings, . . . 2 evening schools, . . . 72, 84 State distribution of, ... 90, 182 Arbor and Bird Day to be observed by schools, . . 259 Arrest of truant boys, ...... 30 Arrest of truant girls, ...... 36 Assessment of property by school districts, . . . 243-258 Attendance age of , . . . . . . 18 certificates of, .... 24 . evidence of, ...... 24 at private schools, ..... 20 possible, . 38 excuses for non-attendance, . . .18, 19 Ballot officers voted for on each, .... 260 what to be placed in envelope, . . . 261 officers to be chosen by, . . . . 47, 76, 125 what matters decided by, . . . . 120, 121, 143 Bird Day, .... 259 Board of Education in districts formerly school societies, . 54 appointment of, . . 54 duties and powers, . . 54, 57 power to appoint superintendent not of their own number, ... 88 Board of Education, State constitution of, duties and powers, . . . . 1,15 superintend Normal Schools, . 8 enforce laws relating to attendance at school, .... 3 enforce laws relating to employment of children, ... 4 examine teachers, ... 5 examine teachers for schools in County Homes, . 15 expend sum appropriated for Nor- mal Schools, . . . 11 appoint acting visitor or visitors for County Homes, . 15 keep account of State aid to libra- ries, .... appoint a Public Library Committee, 218 make annual report, order sanitary changes in school- houses, . .210 relieve towns from maintaining evening schools, ... 73 render accounts to Comptroller, . 6, 7 115 Section Board of Education expenses of, .... Note 1, page 2 power to appoint agents, . . . 8, 4 create model schools at Normal Schools, .... 12 hold teachers' meetings, . . 2 secretary of (see Secretary), . . 1 may approve high schools, ... 62 to be furnished with number and names of pupils attending high schools in towns other than those in which they reside, . 64 test eyesight, ..... 16 Board of Relief how constituted, . . . 246 school visitors (see Visitors). Boundary lines of districts, ..... 103, 104 settlement of, .... 99 record of, .... 98 Branches taught in public schools, .... 38 evening schools, . . . . 65, 69 in which teachers must be examined, . 78, 79 Bridgeport act amending charter of , . . p. 100 Buildings public, include what, ..... 267 injuries to, ...... 275 Certificates age, ....... 23 penalty for false, .... 23 school attendance, ..... 24 employer must require, . . 24 must be kept at place of business, 24 school visitors to Comptroller, . . 90, 181, 182 selectmen, . . 90, 192, 193 teachers, . . . . . . 78, 175 given by school visitors, . . 78, 175 by State Board of Education, . . 5 may be revoked, . . 61, 78 of high schools, .... 61 Charges for tuition to meet extra expenses of high or graded schools, ..... 200 Children instruction of , ...... 18 to be educated, at home or at school, . . 18 to attend school regularly and constantly when not employed to labor, ..... 18 under fourteen, employment of , . . 21 under fourteen, not to be employed in factories and stores, ..... 22 certificate of age of, . . . . 23, 24 if unruly may be bound out by selectmen, . . 27 what may be admitted to public schools, evening schools, . . 65, 69 excluded from public schools, . . 82 116 Section Children enumeration of, . ..... 177,179 temporarily residing in district, . 177 admission of non-residents to district schools, . 140 in districts where there is 110 school, provision for, . 196 school visitors may provide transportation for, . 198 expense of transportation of, to be paid by town, . 199 in temporary homes, expenses of instruction to be paid by the county, ..... 206 neglected and dependent, . . . . 215 vaccination may be required, .... 82 kindergartens for children over 3, ... 40 dependent and neglected, provision for, . . 215 imbecile, provision for, .... 217 not to be employed in exhibitions, etc., . . 273 not allowed in pool rooms, .... 274 Clerk j>f school district election of, . . . . 124 must be sworn, . . . 124 duties of, . . 116, 119, 129 to determine place of meeting when no committee, .... 115 to give notice of meeting when no committee, . . . . 116 to enumerate children if committee fail, 177 to report names of school officers to school visitors, . . . 127 to furnish access to records, . . 131 City district tax in, . . . . . . 194 Collector election, ...... 124 duties of, ...... 129 to give bonds, ...... 130, 252 to exhibit tax book, ..... 253 penalty for refusal, . . . 253 Committee of high school, ...... 60 district (see District Committee). consolidated districts how elected, . . 146 powers, . . . 152 may appoint acting visitor or superintendent not of their own number, . 88 to be school visitors if the union system is aban- doned, ... 166 may give written con- sent to attendance in non-local high school, 62 Comptroller to audit expenses of State Board of Education, . 7 117 Comptroller to audit accounts of State library money, accounts of Normal Schools, draw orders in favor of districts having a board of education, ..... distribute income of School Fund and annual State appropriation, .... draw orders in favor of town supporting even- ing schools, ..... draw order for high school tuition fees, sue for misapplied money, deduct forfeiture, .... returns to, ..... 90, Compulsory education, ...... Condemnation of land for school purposes, Consolidation of districts, ...... towns may vote, .... by ballot, . voting list, towns may vote, when votes take effect, method of procedure, pay expenses of schools, committee, first, .... subsequent, notice of, to Secretary of State, number, how determined, ' classification, . powers and duties, adjustment of property and debts, appraisement, . payment, permanent funds, management of, joint districts, notice of abolition of, mode of paying debts, collecting taxes, . libraries, school, abandonment after five years, reimbursement of town for expenses, when takes effect, .... town committee becomes Board of School Visitors, ..... condemnation of land for school purposes, Constables special, for arrest of truants, powers of, Constitution of Connecticut provisions concerning education, Construction of statutes, .... County Homes, schools in, . Damages, assessment of, when taking land for site of schoolhouse, Dependent and neglected children homes, how provided, 181, Section 6 11 58 182 84 64 186 92 182 18 167 142 142 148 150 144 page 53 168 145 147 149 145 148 152 154 154 155 157 159 161 162 158 163 164 165 166 167 35 page 1 267 13-15 137, 138 215 118 Section Derby School District, . . . page 101 Distribution of public money, ..... 182 Districts are corporations, ..... 102 boundary lines, ...... 103 record of, . . . . 103 settlement of, . . . . 104 alteration or abolition of, . . . 100 parts of districts, . . 100 disposition of funds, . 108 division of, ...... 101 lying in two or more towns, . ' . 100 settlement of proportions of indebtedness of, . 110 power of Superior Court in premises, . . Ill duties and powers, . . . . . 102 employment and payment of teachers by . . 102 enumeration in, ... . 171, 177 expenses to be paid by town, . . . .191, 192 first meeting, how called, .... 50 formation, alteration, and dissolution, . . 100 notice of, . : 105 formation, alteration, and dissolution, appeal to Supe- rior Court, . . 106 procedure, . . 107 funds and property on consolidation or division, . 108 jurisdiction over, if lying in several towns, . . 113 may establish kindergarten schools, ... 40 may take land for site of schoolhouse, . . 136 may require bond of treasurer and collector, . 130 meetings, ...... 114, 124 check list for voting in, . . . 120 legal voters in, . . ... 117 notice of, . . . . 116 what to specify, . . . 116 to form, alter, or unite districts, 105 penalty for illegal voting in, . . 123 special to vote by ballot, . . . 120, 121 warning of , . . . . 268 when held, .... 114 where held, ..... 115 neglect to maintain school, .... 132 receive no State aid in such case, . . 132 officers, 124 names to be reported by clerk to school visitors, 127 records of ....... 103 penalty for refusing access to, . 131 boundary lines, .... 103 situated in different towns, money how distributed, 202, 203 119 Section Districts to receive no State or town money unless report made to school visitors, nor unless a suitable schoolhouse provided, . . . . 133 union of small, ...... 197 underact of 1841, ..... 112 joint, situated in different towns, . . . 113 provision to be made for scholars when no school, . 196 District committee election of , . . . . . 124, 125 must have a majority, . . . 126 duties of ...... 170, 171 enumeration of children by, . . 177 must be resident of district, . . 124 names to be reported to State Board of Edu- cation, ..... 94 in large districts, number of, . . 125 how chosen, . . 125 penalty for failure to call district meeting, 170 term of office, . . . . 124 in larger districts, . . 125 visitation of schools by, . . . 170 vacancies filled by school visitors, . . 124 may call special meetings of abolished districts, ..... 160 Ecclesiastical society land of, not to be taken for site of school- house, ..... 139 Employers must have certificate of attendance, . . 23 Employment of children under fourteen, ... 18 fourteen in factories and stores prohibited, ... 22 Enumeration of children by district committee, . . 171,177 in joint districts, . . . 171 by school visitor or person appointed by school visitors, . . . 177 fees for, .... 177 form of return to school visitors, . 179 correction of return, . . . 181 certificate to Comptroller by school visitors, . . . . 181 Estimate of cost of schools for each year by school visitors and selectmen, ..... 189 Evening schools towns may establish, . . . .65,74 towns having ten thousand or more inhab- itants must establish, ... 69 children not to be employed in factories un- less attending such schools, . . 71 law as to, how enforced, ... 71 school visitors shall supervise, . . 70, 83 returns to Comptroller, . . .72,84 120 Section Evening schools length of term, . . . . . 72, 85 report of, ... . 72, 85 public money for, .... 72 Evidence of attendance, certificate is, . . . . 24 Examination for entrance to Normal School, ... 9 of teachers by school visitors, ... 78 State Board of Education, . 5 town school committee, . . 152 Excuses for non-attendance, . . . . 18, 19 Expenses of teachers' meetings, ..... 2 schools in consolidated districts, . . . 168 in city school districts, . . . . 194 of maintaining schools, . . . .191, 192 estimates of, . . . . . . 189 in excess of appropriation, .... 192 of instruction of children in temporary homes, . 206, 207 Expulsion of pupils, ..... 170 Factories inspection of by school visitors, ... 26 Fees of assessors of taxes, ..... 246 magistrates on prosecution of vagrants, . . 33 school visitors, for enumeration of children, . . 177 Flag, exercises to be held, ...... 52 Flags to be provided by selectmen, .... 51 foreign not to be displayed, .... 271 penalty, ... 272 Forfeitures for delay in making returns, ... 91 making fraudulent certificate, . . . 205 misapplication of school moneys, . . 186 neglect to support schools, . . . 195 of clerk to furnish access to records, . 131 report names of district officers to school visitors, 127 remitted by secretary of State Board of Educa- tion, ...... 204 by selectmen for failure to provide flags, . 53 Form of return of enumeration by a committee, . . 179 school visitor, . . 181 certificate of school visitors to comptroller, . . 182 Funds, School disposition of on alteration of districts, . 108 abolition of districts, . 157 repeal of vote of abolition, . 164 income of society or district, . . . 188 town deposit fund, . . . 187 Girls' Industrial School (see Industrial School for Girls), . 214 Graded schools may be established, .... 102 Hartford northwest district, ..... page 102 High schools town may establish, .... 59 committee of ...... 60 121 Section High schools committee, how chosen, .... 60 duties of school visitors, .... 78 powers of school visitors over, . . 61 State aid for library, . . . . 172 support of, . . . . . . 59 town not maintaining high school may pay tuition fees of children in non-local school, when, ...... 62 Incidentals money raised to secure State aid for library, . 172 expended for books for indigent pupils, . 170 Industrial School for Girls who may be sent to, . . 36, 214 what authority may commit, . 214 Instruction of children, . . . . . . 18, 27 agent to secure, .... 3 Janitors may be appointed constables by selectmen, . . 35 Justice of the Peace prosecution of truants before, . . 31 Kindergarten schools may be established, ... 40 who may attend, .... 40 Libraries penalties for injuries to books, . . . 242 school account of State aid to, ... 6 establishment of, . . . 102 expenses incurred by districts reckoned among incidental expenses, . . 172 selection of books for, . . . 173 state aid to, . . . 172 in consolidated districts, . 158 supervision of, by school visitors, . . 78, 173 public, ....... 218-242 Literature penalty for buying obscene, .... 281 selling, etc., devoted wholly to criminal news, . 282 Majority to decide in district meetings, . . . . 126 Manchester act incorporating Ninth School District of, . p. 102 Manufactories instruction of children employed in, . . 26 inspection of, by school visitors, . . 26 Meetings district (see District Meetings). penalty for disturbing, .... 280 of teachers, ...... 2 Minors not to loiter or play in billard or pool rooms, . . 274 Model primary schools at Normal Schools, ... 12 Moderator chosen in district meetings, . . . . 123 powers of, ...... 269, 270 Music towns may direct school visitors to employ teacher of, 44 Naugatuck, . . . . . . . p. 103 Neglected Children (see Dependent Children). New Haven, . . . . . . . p. 104 New London act amending charter of , . . . p. 106 Normal School annual appropriation, .... 8 122 Section Normal school selection of pupils, . . . . 10 instruction gratuitous, .... 9 managed by State Board of Education, . 11 report and accounts, .... 11 may have model schools, ... 12 Norwich, Falls district, . . . . . p. 107 Greeneville district, . . . . .p. 108 Notice of district meeting, . . . . . 116 proposition to form, alter, or unite school districts, 105 Oath of clerk, ....... 124 of person enumerating children, .... 179 school visitors to returns, . . . . . 181 may be administered by school visitors, ... 98 Offenses against public property, .... 242,275 private property, .... 276-279 peace and safety, . . . 280 the person, . . . . 273 morality, ..... 281 health and safety, .... 283 Orange, ........ p. 110 Parents duties of ,. ...... 18 penalties for failure to instruct children, . . 18 Paupers what may vote in district meeting, . . . 118 Penalties for not instructing children under one's care, . 19 employment of children under fourteen, . 21 fourteen in factories and stores, . 23 false statement as to age of children by parents, . 23, 25 refusal to give name and age of child, . . 180 delay in making returns, .... 91 illegal voting at district meetings, . . . 123 refusing to accept school office or perform its duties, 124 failure to report names of district committees to school visitors, ..... 127 refusing access to school records, . . . 131 failure to call district meeting, ... 170 failure to support schools, .... 195, 201 fraudulent certificate by a school visitor, . . 205 injuries to schoolhouse, .... 275 employing children in exhibitions, etc., . . 273 permitting minors in pool room, . . . 274 interrupting schools, ..... 279 showing or having obscene books, . . . 281, 282 Physiology and Hygiene text-books, .... 42 instruction in, ... 41 teachers must pass examination in, . 79 report as to compliance with law, . 93 123 Section Police may arrest truants, ... .30 Police Court prosecution of truants before, ... 31 Pool-rooms minors not permitted in, .... 274 Private schools attendance at, ..... 20 Probate Courts may commit girls to Industrial School, . 214 Public money annual appropriation and distribution, . . 177 how paid when districts lie in several towns, . 202 withheld if district has no schoolhouse, . 133 district committee fail to report to school visitors, . . 201 misapplication of, penalty for, . . . 186 Pupils how admitted to Normal schools, . . 9, 10 disobedient may be suspended or expelled, . . 170 poor, may have books provided, . . . 170 non-resident, may be admitted to school when, . 140 Records of district to be open to inspection, . . . 131 pertaining to schools, to be preserved and transmitted, 95 of town, to contain district bounds, ... 50 district bounds, ..... 103 Reformation and care of children, ..... 213-217 Reform School who may be sent to, . . . . 213 what authority may commit, . . . 218 Registers for schools, form of, prescribed by State Board of Education, ...... 2 kept by teachers, ..... 176 returned by teachers, . . . . . 176 Registrars of voters duties of, . . . . . 119 Registry lists how prepared, . . . . . 119, 120 compensation for preparing, . . . 122 Report to Governor by State Board of Education, . . 2 Secretary of State Board of Education, by agent, . 3 school visitors, 91 school visitors, by acting visitors, ... 87 by district committees, . . 171 towns, by secretary of board of visitors, . . 91 school committees, .... 152 school visitors and selectmen, . . 191 Returns to Comptroller by district boards of education, . 57 school visitors, . . .84, 90 form of, . . 181, 182 to be lodged with town treasurers, 181 school visitors by district committee, . . . 171, 177 correction of, . 181 what included in, 90 public money withheld if returns not made, . . 201 Revocation of teachers' certificates, .... 78 124 Section Salary of teachers, when to be paid, .... 192 Scholars admission of non-resident, .... 140 indigent, may be furnished with books, . . 89, 170 returns of, between certain ages, ... SO suspension or expulsion of, . . . . 170 Schools branches taught in, . . . . 38 must be maintained, ..... 38 how long annually, . . 38 neglect of district to keep, .... 132, 195 union of small, . . . . . .196, 197 penalty for disturbing, .... 279 when discontinued, provision for the children, . 196 visitation of, ...... 87 by committee, .... 170 kindergarten, ...... 40 evening, . . . . . . . 65, 69 School books (see Textbooks). School committees, ....... 149, 152 School fund, constitutional provision for, . . . p. 1 distribution of income of , . . . . 182 to districts lying in two or more towns, . 202 to towns forming single districts, . . 169, 182 to districts formed from societies, . . 58 Schoolhouse authority of districts as to, . . . 102 is a public building, .... 267 change of site of, . . . . 135 disposition of on division oi' district, . . 109 fixing site for, . . . . . 135 must be kept to satisfaction of school visitors, . 133 penalty for injuring, .... 275 entering, .... 276, 277 plans must be approved by school visitors, . 134 support withdrawn from districts having none, . 133 taking land for site, . . . 136, 137, 138 use of, out of school hours decided by district, . 141 to be provided with safe exits, . . . 283 to be kept clean and wholesome, . . . 208 to be well ventilated, .... 209 School societies (see Societies, School). School visitors (see Visitors, School). School year begins July 15 ends July 14, . . . 190 length of term in weeks, .... 38 Secretary of the board of visitors elected annually, . . 7-8 duties of, . . 91 125 Section Secretary of the board of visitors compensation of, . . 9$ penalty for failure to make returns, ... 91 Secretary of the State Board of Education duties and powers, 1 Selectmen duties and powers, .... 50 and note. Selectmen to draw order on treasurer for payment of bills for text-books bought by acting visitor for indigent children, . . .... 89 Sheriffs may arrest truants, ..... 30 Site for schoolhouse fixing, ..... 135 appeal to Superior Court, . . 137, 138 taking land for, .... 136, 167 land of ecclesiastical society not to be taken for, . . . . 13& Small schools, discontinuance of, . . . ... 196, 197 Societies, ecclesiastical land of, may not be taken for site of schoolhouse, ....... 139 Societies, school organized under the act of 1855, become school districts, .... 54 choose board of education, . ... 54 duties of, ..... 57 election of, ..... 55 duties and powers of districts so organized, . 54 apportionment of public money to, . . 58 Superintendent of schools appointment of , . . . 88 compensation of, . . 88 Superior Court appeal to, from proceedings relating to forma- tion, etc., of school districts, . . 104 proceedings to take land for sites of school- houses, ..... 137 proceedings in case of consolidation of joint districts, ..... 156 Support of schools, ....... 177 high schools, ..... 59 evening schools, . . . 72, 84 Suspension of pupils, ...... 170 Taxes collectors of, . . . .134, 129, 130, 252 districts may levy, ...... 102 by city districts, ... . 194 assessors, ... . . 245, 249 school districts, ...... 102 on what assessment list laid, . . 250 mode of assessment, . . . 245, 249 of real estate ly- ing partly in and partly out of a district, . 245 126 Section Taxes school districts, delinquent, .... 254 omitted from town list, . . . . 247 clerical omissions corrected, . . 251 owned by town, .... 244 board of relief, .... 246 form of warrant, . . . . 257 deductions for indebtedness, . . 246 when due, .... 255 change of title after completion of grand list, .... 248 methods for collection, . . . 256 interest on delinquent, . . . 254 abolished districts, ... 161 selectmen shall collect, . . 162 towns for high schools, ..... 59 equalization in consolidated districts, . . 154 Teachers certificates of, . . . . . 78, 79 necessary to employment, . . 175 revocation, .... 78 duty to keep registers, . . . . 176 obtain certificates, . . . . 175 employment of, by school visitors, . . . 43, 78 district committees, . . 170 districts, .... 43 board of education, . . 54 town committee, . . . 152 high school committee, . . 60 dismissal of, by town committee, . . . 152 wages of, how paid, . . . . . 193 wages, when to be paid, .... 192, 193 examination of, . . . . . 54, 78, 152, 175 State Board of Education, . . 5 trained in Normal School, . . 8 not to be school visitors, .... 77 Teachers' meetings, ....... 2 Temporary homes instruction of children in, to be paid for by county, ..... 206, 207 who may be committed to them, . . 215 enumeration of children in, . . 13, 178 County Commissioners may establish schools in, . 14 may employ and pay teachers, . . 15 Term of school notice by district committee to secretary of school visitors, .... 177 Term of office of district committees, .... 124 in larger districts, . 125 127 Section Term of office of town committees, . . . 148 members of State Board of Education, . 1 school visitors, .... 75 Text-books change of , . . . . . 2, 80 on physiology and hygiene, . . . 41, 43 towns may purchase for free distribution, . 45 committee must supply indigent scholars, . 170 supplementary reading may be prescribed, . 81 to be furnished to indigent children by acting visitor, . . . . . . 89 Tie vote how decided, ...... 269 Town clerk, to certify election of schpol visitors to Secretary of State, ....... 48 Towns consolidation of districts of, .... 142 districts lying in different, jurisdiction over, . . 113 expenses of, . . 202 may abolish school districts, .... 142 vote how taken, . . 143 elect school committee, .... 146 manner of election, . 146 succeed to funds and obligations of districts, . 154 extend time of paying equal- ization tax, . . 155 repeal of vote of abolition, 163 direct that teachers may be employed by school visitors, ...... 43 direct that teachers of music be employed by school visitors, ..... 44 establish high schools, .... 59 and choose committee therefor, 60 evening schools, .... 65, 69 form, alter, unite, and dissolve school districts, . 100 make regulations concerning truants, . . 28 appoint truant officers, .... 29 take land for school purposes, . . . 167 elect treasurer of permanent school funds, . 49 maintain schools, ..... 38 pay expenses of district schools, . . .38, 192 exception if city in town limits, 194 payment of public money to consolidated, . 169 to pay high school tuition fee, when, . . 62 to be reimbursed by State in part for high school tuition fee, ..... 63 Transportation of children, ..... 198, 199 Treasurer, school district, election of, . . . 124 to give bonds, ...... 130 128 Section Treasurer, duties of, . . . . . . 129 town school funds, ..... 49 town deposit fund, . ... 47 Truants may be arrested without warrant, ... 30 committed to Connecticut School for Boys, . 31 prosecution of, . . . . . . 30-34 town regulations and by-laws concerning, . . 28 Tuition at Normal School gratuitous, . .9 Union districts under act of 1841, . . . 112 Union of small districts, ...... 196 scholars to be provided for, . . 196 Vacancies in district committees, how filled, ... 128 board of school visitors, .... 75 Vaccination, ........ 82 may be paid for by the town in some cases, . 82 Vagrants, regulations and by-laws concerning, ... 28 Ventilation, ........ 209 Visitors, school duties and powers, ... 78 duty to approve plans for schoolhouses, . 78 fix sites for echoolhouses, . . 78 examine teachers, ... 78 of high schools, . 61 sign teachers' certificates, . . 175 give certificates to teachers, . . 78 of high schools, 61 revoke teachers' certificates, . . 78 of high schools, 61 fill vacancies in office of district com- mittee, .... 78 inspect factories, . ... 26 employ teachers when authorized, . 43, 78 of music, . . 44 make arrangements for children to attend school when there is no school in their district, . . 196 to superintend evening schools, . 70, 83 report concerning, . . .72, 85 approve of the union of small schools, . 196 duty to make returns of enumeration to Comp- troller, .... 90 report to town, .... 91 purchase text-books for free distribu- tion if so directed, ... 45 may admit to school children under five, ..... 39 appoint acting visitor (see Acting Visi- tors), , 87 129 Section Visitors, school duty to give certificate to Comptroller that schools have been kept according to law, . . . . 182 certify to Comptroller concerning evening schools, . . .72, 85 give certificate to selectmen that schools have been kept according to law, .... 192 report names of teachers and district committees to State Board of Edu- cation, .... 94 make estimate to towns of cost of schools, .... 189, 191 make complaint to board of health when sanitary condition of school house is unsatisfactory, . . 210 regulate libraries, . . 78, 173, 174 superintend high schools, . . 78 evening schools, . . . 70, 83 may appoint acting visitor not of their number, .... 88 may give written consent to attend- ance in non-local high school, . 62 officers, ...... 78 compensation, ..... 97 classes, ...... 75 election, . . . . . 46, 47 manner of election, .... 76 election to be certified to Secretary of State, . 48 number, ...... 75 meetings, how called, .... 86 organization, ..... 78 secretary, duties of, .... 91 joint duties with selectmen, . 174,189,191,202 penalty for fraudulent certificate of, . . 205 power to administer oath, ... 98 admit non-resident pupils, . . 140 change 'sites of schoolhouses in cer- tain cases, .... 135 open schools in districts neglecting to keep one, .... 132 duty to require vaccination of children, change text-books, ... 80 prescribe supplementary reading, powers superseded in districts having board of education, . .57 school committee to be board of visitors if union system is abandoned, . . . 166 130 Section Voters, legal in district meetings, . . . 117,118 list of, how made out, ... 119 Votes, what to be on each ballot, ..... 260 to be placed in one envelope, .... 261 Wages of teachers paid by districts, .... 102 when payable, . . . 192, 193 certificate necessary to, . 175 Warning of district meeting how given, . . . 116 what to specify, . . . 146, 268 Warrant for collection of taxes form of, ... 257 Waterbury incorporation of Centre District of, . . p. 110 Women are eligible to certain offices, .... 262 may vote for school officers, . . 263 registration of, ... . 264 separate voting lists, ..... 265 . " women's ballots," ..... 266 names to be put on list "to be made," . . 264 to qualify in same manner as men, . . 264 to have separate ballot-box, . . . 266 Yale College constitutional provisions for . . sec. 1, p. 1 Year, school, ... 190 length of , . .38 UDDIU /*?*-<>