\A/ash^5e
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 SCHOOL OF LAW 
 LIBRARY
 
 \i)o .u ^V- ^'^"^^^ ^'^'' ^^-'^% *"^' 
 
 ■-V ' \ 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS 
 
 OF THE 
 
 State of Washington, 
 
 WITH 
 
 ^I>FENDIX. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY. 
 
 1893. 
 
 OLYMPIA, WASH.: 
 O. C. WHITE, . . . STATE PRINTER. 
 
 1S93.
 

 
 
 INTEODUCTOEY. 
 
 The first legislature of the State of Washington enacted what M^as 
 designed to be a complete code of laws for the purpose of establishing 
 and conducting a system of common schools. The principal act 
 (Chap. XII of the Session Laws of 1889-90) went into effect March 
 27, 1890. The act relating to cities of 10,000 or more inhabitants 
 went into effect June 26, 1890. Two acts were passed at that ses- 
 sion authorizing school districts to issue bonds, the later one, approved 
 March 28, 1890, being simply amendatory of the first section of the 
 former act, which was approved and went into effect March 19, 1890. 
 
 At its second session (1891), the legislature passed an act amend- 
 ing twenty-eight different sections of the school law passed at the 
 session of 1889-90, but these amendments affect only chapter twelve 
 of the Laws of 1889-90 (commonly called the '^ Common School 
 Law"), as will be seen by the last section of the amendatory act, 
 which reads as follows: ''Sec. 29. Nothing in this act, or of the act 
 of which this is amendatory, shall operate or be construed to repeal 
 any of the provisions of an act entitled 'An act to establish a system 
 of common schools in cities of ten thousand or more inhabitants, and 
 to provide for properly maintaining, governing and grading the 
 same,' approved March 26, 1890." 
 
 At the third session of the legislature (1893), an act was passed 
 amending six different sections of chapter xii of the Laws of 1889-90, 
 and interpolating in said chapter sections 31^ and 70^. An act was 
 passed also in relation to the formation of new school districts, one 
 establishing a state normal school in Whatcom county, and one pro- 
 viding for the management and control of state normal schools. 
 
 The original act (Chap, xii. Laws of 1889-90), as amended by the 
 act of March 7, 1891 (Chap, cxxvii. Laws of 1891), and by the act 
 of March 10, 1893 (Chap, cix, Laws of 1893), together with the new 
 acts before mentioned, will be found in this volume. All amend- 
 ments and acts here published which were enacted at the third ses-
 
 4 INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 sion of the legislature (1893) go into effect June 7, 1893. In all 
 amended sections the section and chapter of the amendatory act or 
 acts are given in brackets. 
 
 All laws which in any way affect the common school system, or 
 which prescribe any duty for school district officers or county super- 
 intendents, are embraced in this volume; also, the constitution of the 
 state, together with such rulings and decisions of the attorney general 
 and superintendent of public instruction as may be of service to school 
 officers in the administration of the laws. The forms for the use of 
 school officers have been revised to conform to the laws as amended. 
 
 C. W. BEAN, 
 Superintendent of Public Instruction.
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 COMMON SCHOOLS. 
 
 An Act to establish a general uniform system of common schools 
 in the State of Washington, and declaring an emergency. 
 
 £e it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Wasldngton: 
 
 TITLE I. — OUTLINE OF SYSTEM. 
 
 Section 1. A system of common schools shall be main- 
 tained throughout the State of Washington. 
 
 Skc. 2. The administration of the common school system To whom 
 
 •'_ _ entrusted. 
 
 shall be entrusted to the state superintendent of public in- 
 struction, a state board of education, county superintendents 
 of common schools, boards of directors and a district clerk 
 for each district. 
 
 TITLE II. — SUPERINTENDENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION. 
 
 Sec. 3. [Sec. 1, ch. 12*7, Laws 1891.] The superintendent when elected, 
 of public instruction shall be elected by the qualified electors 
 of the state, on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in 
 November of the years in which state officers are elected, and 
 shall hold his office for the term of four years, and until his 
 successor is elected and qualified, and his powers and duties 
 shall be as hereinafter enumerated: First: He shall have su- 
 pervision over all matters pertaining to the common schools 
 of the state. He shall receive an annual salary of twenty-five salary. 
 hundred dollars, payable quarterly, upon warrant of the state 
 auditor drawn upon the state treasurer, in the same manner 
 as other state officers are paid. Second: He shall report to shaii report to 
 
 ^ governor. 
 
 the governor biennially on or before the first day of Novem- what. 
 ber preceding the regular session of the legislature. The 
 governor shall transmit said report to the legislature, and 
 three thousand copies thereof shall be printed and delivered 
 to the superintendent of public instruction, who shall furnish 
 two copies to be deposited in the state library, one copy to 
 each county superintendent of schools, to be held by him as 
 public property and delivered to his successor in office, and 
 one copy to each district clerk within the state, for the dis-
 
 6 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 trict library. Said report shall contain a statement of the 
 general condition of the common schools of the state, with 
 full statistical tables, by counties, showing the number of 
 schools and the attendance; the state and county school fund 
 apportioned, amount received by special tax or from other 
 sources, amount expended for salaries of teachers, the salaries 
 paid by the several counties to the superintendent of schools, 
 the amount they are paid for visiting schools, and the mileage 
 they draw for same; building and providing school houses, 
 the amount of bonded or other school indebtedness, with rate 
 of interest paid; a list of the school officers of the state, the 
 reports of all state educational institutions, or such portions 
 of them as he may think advisable, together with such other 
 facts as he may deem of general interest. He shall also in- 
 clude in his report a statement of plans for the management 
 Shall prepare and improvement of the schools. Third: He shall prepare 
 
 forms, etc. . .. ,,..,. 
 
 and superintend the printing and distribution to county super- 
 intendents of such blanks, forms, registers and blank books 
 as may be necessary to the proper discharge of the duties of 
 county superintendents, teachers, and all other school officers 
 charged with the administration of the laws relating to com- 
 mon schools; also the rules and regulations for the use and 
 government of the common schools, and the questions pre- 
 
 siiaii travel. pared f Or the examination of teachers. Fourth .• To travel in 
 the different counties of the state where common schools are 
 taught, as far as possible, without neglecting his other official 
 duties as superintendent of public instruction, for the purpose 
 of visiting schools, of consulting the county superintendents, 
 and addressing public assemblages on subjects pertaining to 
 common schools; also to" open such correspondence as may 
 enable him to obtain all necessary information relating to the 
 system of common schools in other states. He shall submit, 
 
 ExiH-ii«e«. (juarterly, a statement of expenditures for traveling expenses, 
 which shall be audited by the state auditor, who shall issue a 
 warrant on the state treasurer for the payment of such 
 amounts as shall be found to have been properly incurred: 
 Provided, That said expenditures shall not exceed eight hun- 
 dred dollars in any one year: y\nd provided further, That 
 the j)Ostage, stationery and other office expenses shall be paid 
 for in tlic sjiiiic manner as in case of other state officers. 
 
 iTiiiiiinv- /''//■///.• lie shall cause to be ))rinted, with an a])j)endix of ap- 
 propriate forms an<l instructions for carrying into execution, 
 tlx' laws rclatint' to ('oininoii sclmols, and distribute to each
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 7 
 
 superintendent a sufficient number of copies to supply each 
 school and district officer, and shall cause the same to be re- 
 printed and distributed as often as any change in the laws is 
 made of sufficient importance, in his opinion, to justify the 
 same. Sixth: He shall be e.n officio president of the board 
 of education. Seventh: He shall biennially, on or before the Caii conven- 
 
 •' • tion of county 
 
 first day of May following the election of county superintend- superintend- 
 ents, call a convention of county superintendents of this state, 
 at such time and place as he may deem most convenient, for 
 the discussion of questions pertaining to the supervision and 
 administration of the school laws, and such other subjects 
 affecting the welfare and interests of the common schools as 
 may be properly brought before it. Eighth: He shall, be- 
 tween the first and tenth days of March and September of 
 each year, apportion the state common school funds subject Apportion 
 
 J I ^1- _ J _ state school 
 
 to apportionment among the several counties of the state, in fnnds. 
 proportion to the number of children in each county between 
 the ages of five and twenty-one years, as the same shall ap- 
 pear by the reports of the several county superintendents for 
 the school year last closed: Provided, That in case no report 
 of the enumeration of any county for the school year last 
 closed has been received, the apportionment shall be made on 
 the basis of the number of children in said county as shown 
 by the last census received from said county. He shall cer- 
 tify said apportionment to the state auditor, and upon said 
 certification the state auditor shall draw his warrant on the 
 state treasurer in favor of the county treasurer of each county 
 for the amount apportioned to said county, and transmit the 
 same to the several county treasurers. The superintendent 
 of public instruction shall also certify to the county superin- 
 tendents of schools of each county the amount apportioned to 
 that county. It shall be the duty of the state auditor to 
 notify the superintendent of public instruction on or before 
 the first day of March and September of each year the amount 
 of the state common school fund subject to apportionment. 
 Ninth: He shall annnally, on or before the fifteenth day of 
 August, require of the president, manager or principal of ifequire report 
 every seminary, academy and private school, and of the pi-es- ^^'F"'^^^ 
 ident, principal or manager of every state educational institu- 
 tion in this state, a report of such facts arranged in such form 
 as he may prescribe, and he shall furnish blanks for such re- 
 ports, and it is made the duty of every such president, man- 
 ager or principal to fill up and return such blanks within such
 
 8 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 time as the state superintendent may direct. Tenth: He shall 
 Keep directory keep in his office a directory of all school officers, boards of 
 
 of school of- ' •' 
 
 fleers and reffents and trustees of state educational institutions, of the 
 
 teachers. ....... 
 
 faculties of said institutions, and of all teachers receiving 
 certificates to teach in the common schools of this state. 
 
 Sec. 4. [Sec. 2, ch. 12'7, Laws 1891.] The superintendent 
 of public instruction shall have his office at the capital of the 
 state, where he shall keep all books and papers appertaining 
 to the business of his office, and shall keep and preserve in his 
 office a complete record of statistics and all matters pertain- 
 ing to the educational interests of the state, as well as a rec- 
 ord of the meetings of the state board of education. He 
 Shall file all shall file all papers, reports and public documents transmitted 
 
 records and , , • r i 
 
 papers. to him by the school officers of the several counties of the 
 
 state each year, separately. Copies of all papers filed in his 
 office, and his official acts, may be certified by him and attested 
 by his official seal, and when so certified shall be evidence 
 equally and in like manner as the original papers. He shall 
 
 Decide points decide all points of law which may be submitted to him in 
 
 of law. * . •' 
 
 writing by any. county superintendent, or that may be sub- 
 mitted to him by any other person, upon appeal from the 
 decision of any county superintendent, and shall publish his 
 rulings and decisions from time to time, for the information 
 of school officers and teachers, and his decision shall be final 
 unless set aside by a court of competent jurisdiction. Ho 
 shall, at the expiration of his term of office, deliver over to 
 his successor all records, books, maps and documents, and 
 papers of whatever kind belonging to his office, or which may 
 have been received by him for the use of his office. 
 Mayempio.v Skc. h. The Superintendent of ])ublic instruction shall be 
 
 allowed, and is hereby authorized to ap])Oint a clerk ior his 
 office, whose compensation shall not exceed five hundred dol- 
 lars ])er annum, to be paid in the manner prescribed for the 
 j>aymen1 of state officers. 
 
 11 I l.l-; III. SIAIK noAIM) OK KniTCATION. 
 
 App..iiiiii.int. Sicr. (i. The governor shall a])p<)iiit, by and with the advice 
 and consent of the state senate, four suitable persons, at least 
 two of whom shall be selected from iliosc actually engaged 
 ill leaching in the common schools of this state, wlio, together 
 with tli(! siip(niiitend(Mit of jmblic instruciion, sliail constitute 
 
 Teniircf.f thcHtatf Itoanl of education. The jtcrsons ai)))oiiitc(l shall 
 hold their u\\\c\\ lor two years Irom the lirst iMonday iii IMarcii
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 9 
 
 next following their appointment, and shall serve until their 
 
 successors are appointed and qualified: Provided, That the 
 
 term of office of the first board appointed in accordance with 
 
 this act shall expire on the first Monday in March, 189 L 
 
 Sec. v. The state board of education shall hold an annual Meetings— an- 
 nual ; special. 
 
 meeting at the capital of the state on the first Tuesday in June 
 of each year, and may hold such special meetings as deemed 
 necessary for the transaction of public business, such special 
 meetings to be called by the superintendent of public instruc- 
 tion. The persons appointed as members of the board of 
 education shall be paid for their services at the rate of five of'",^ef,')jer**''^ 
 dollars per diem for the actual number of days' attendance at 
 said meetings, and shall be further entitled to actual traveling 
 expenses in attending said meeting, compensation and travel- 
 ing expenses to be paid by the state treasurer, on warrant of 
 the state auditor, out of funds not otherwise appropriated, 
 upon the certificate of the superintendent of public instruc- 
 tion: Provided, That the expenses of the whole board shall 
 not exceed the sum of one thousand dollars in any one year. 
 
 Sec. 8. The said board shall have power — Fivf^t: To adopt i'e^f'ijooks* 
 or readopt, at their first regular meeting in June, eighteen 
 hundred and ninety, a uniform series of text-books for the use 
 of the common schools, including graded common schools, 
 throughout the state: Provided, They can secure an exchange 
 of books at any time in use for those of the same grade, or an 
 exchange of those of a lower grade for those of the next higher 
 grade, without a greater average cost to the people than two- Rates of ex- 
 fifths of the contract retail price of the books in use at the time 
 of adoption; and enter into contract with the publishers for 
 the supply of the same, to take efi^ect on the first day of the 
 following September; and the books so adopted shall not be 
 changed within five years thereafter, unless the publishers of 
 such adopted books shall fail to comply with the terms of the 
 contract. Before making any adoption, the superintendent of 
 public instruction shall advertise for at least six weeks in such Adveitise- 
 papers or periodicals of general circulation as he may deter- 
 mine, that the board of education will receive sealed proposals 
 for the supply of text- books to the people of the state. Said 
 advertisements shall state the day and hour upon which said 
 proposals shall cease to be received. It shall also name all the 
 kinds of books for the supply of which proposals are invited, 
 and be signed by the sui^erintendent of public instruction, and 
 that ])roposals so advertised for shall state the price at which
 
 10 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Prices of books 
 must be main- 
 tained, wliere. 
 
 May reject 
 proposals. 
 
 Publishers 
 must give 
 bon<ls. 
 
 J'.oanI >liall 
 j>repare a 
 course of 
 stu<ly. 
 
 T'se seal. 
 
 Sit as Ixtaril of 
 e.xainliierM. 
 
 ■ (•'iiuircincnl- 
 for «'«TllllcHleM 
 hikI ilipldinnH. 
 
 the books proposed shall be exchanged for the books in use 
 at the time of making such proposals, and it shall state the 
 wholesale price which shall be maintained in the state, and 
 also the uniform retail price which shall be maintained in at 
 least one place in every county in this state during the time 
 the books shall continue in use. Said proposals shall be 
 marked "Sealed proposals to furnish text-books for the com- 
 mon schools of the State of Washington," and shall be 
 addressed to the superintendent of public instruction, and 
 shall not be opened before the hour advertised, nor in the 
 presence of less than three members of the board. Immedi- 
 ately upon the opening of the bids, they shall be read in open 
 board, and adoption of book[s] and award of the contract shall 
 be made within ten days following. No books shall be 
 adopted without a majority vote of the whole board: Pro- 
 vided, That the board shall have power to reject any and all 
 proposals and to advertise again as before for new proposals, 
 which may be considered at a special meeting to be called by 
 the superintendent of public instruction, who shall readvertise 
 for proposals as above provided. The publishers awarded the 
 contract by the board shall guarantee all the terms of the pro- 
 posal on which it is made, by a bond, with two or more suffi- 
 cient sureties, for faithful performance, which sureties shall be 
 citizens of the state, and shall cover such period as the books 
 may remain in use; said bond to be approved by the board 
 and the attorney general. Second: To prepare a course of 
 study for the common schools, except graded schools, and to 
 prescribe such rules for the general government of the com- 
 mon schools as shall secure regularity of attendance, prevent 
 truancy, secure efficiency, and promote the true interests of the 
 common schools. TJvird : To use a common seal, and elect 
 one of their own menibers secretary. He shall keep a correct 
 record of all proceedings of the board, and shall file a certified 
 copy of the same in the office of the superintendent of public 
 instruction. Fourth: To sit as a board of examination at 
 their annual or special meetings, and grant state certificates 
 and life dijdomas. State certificates shall be granted only to 
 sucli applicants as shall file with the board satisfactory evi- 
 «lence that they have taught successfully twenty-seven months, 
 at least nine months of which have been in the ])ublic schools of 
 this stat<'. 'I'lie ap])licant must also either pass a satisfactory 
 examiii.it loll in all the brancshes re<iuired for first grade county 
 certificates, also pedagogy, plane geometry, geology, natural
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 11 
 
 history, civil government, psychology, bookkeeping, compo- 
 sition, English literature and general history, or file with the 
 board a certified copy of a diploma from some state normal 
 school, or of a state or territorial certificate from any state or 
 territory, the requirements to obtain which shall not have 
 been less than those required by this act. State certificates 
 shall be valid for five years, and may be renewed without ex- ^Ifj^^'^fl^*'^'' 
 amination, and shall entitle the holder to teach in any common v^^'irs. 
 school in the state. They may be revoked at any time for 
 cause deemed sufficient by the board. Life diplomas shall be 
 granted to such applicants only as shall file with the board 
 satisfactory evidence that they have taught successfully for 
 ten years, not less than one of which shall have been in the 
 common schools of this state. In other respects the require- 
 ments shall be the same as those required for state certificates; 
 but life diplomas shall be valid during the life of the holder, 
 unless revoked for cause deemed sufficient by the board, and 
 shall entitle the holder to teach in any common school in the 
 state. The fee for state certificates shall be three dollars, and Fees for cer- 
 
 ' tincates and 
 
 for life diplomas five dollars. Said fees must be deposited with 'lipiomas. 
 
 the application, and cannot be refunded to the applicant unless 
 
 the application be withdrawn before it has been considered 
 
 by the board. The fees collected shall be paid into the state 
 
 treasurv. Fifth: To prepare a uniform series of questions Board to pre- 
 
 *' ' '^ "^ ^ pare (niestions 
 
 to be used by the county boards of examiners in the examin- f<'i- county ex- 
 
 •' •' animations. 
 
 ation of teachers. Any member of said board who shall, 
 directly or indirectly, disclose any questions thus prepared, 
 shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and on conviction 
 thereof shall be fined in any sum not less than one hundred 
 nor more than five hundred dollars. 
 
 Sec. 9. Whenever any vacancy in the board shall occur, ,y*,^.^J?[i^;^ 
 whether by death, removal, resignation or otherwise, the gov- 
 ernor shall fill the vacancy by appointment. 
 
 TITLE IV. COUNTY SUPERINTENDENTS. 
 
 Sec. 10. A county superintendent of common schools shall Election ; ten- 
 
 •' '^ lire of oince. 
 
 be elected in each county of the state at each general election, 
 whose term of office shall begin on the second Monday in 
 January next succeeding his election, and continue for two 
 years, and until his successor is elected and qualified, lie 
 shall take the oath or affirmation of office, and shall give an offi- Bond, 
 cial bond in a sum to be fixed by the board of county commis- 
 sioners. He may, at his own cost, appoint a deputy, who shall Deputy.
 
 12 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Vacancy, 
 how filled. 
 
 General su- 
 pervision. 
 
 Visit schools. 
 
 Enforce rules 
 and regula- 
 tions. 
 
 Keep record ol 
 oflicial acts. 
 
 Adniini«lcr 
 oaths. 
 
 Ke<!p record 
 of tcHclierH 
 cxiirnincd. 
 
 I'rCMcrvc niiin- 
 nuiriiilx 
 
 qualify in the same manner as the county superintendent, and 
 perform all the duties of the office, subject, however, to re 
 vision by the county superintendent. The county commis- 
 sioners of each county shall fill any vacancy that may occur 
 in the office of county superintendent until the next general 
 election. 
 
 Sec. 11. [Sec. 3, ch. 127, Laws 189L] Each county super- 
 intendent shall have the power, and it shall be his duty — 
 First: To exercise a careful supervision over the schools of 
 his county, and to see that all the provisions of this act are 
 observed and followed by teachers and school officers. Sec- 
 ond: To visit each school in his county not less than one nor 
 more than three times in each year: Provided, That he shall 
 receive mileage in going to and returning from said school 
 for not more than two trips annually: Aiid provided further, 
 That in incorporated cities and towns, where city superin- 
 tendents are employed, he shall receive pay for one visit only 
 in each year. Third: To distribute promptly all reports, 
 laws, forms, circulars and instructions which he may receive 
 for the use of the schools and the teachers. Fourth: To en- 
 force the course of study adopted by the board of education 
 and to enforce the rules and regulations required in the ex- 
 amination of teachers. Fifth: To keep on file and preserve 
 in his office the biennial report of the superintendent of pub- 
 lic instruction. /Sixth: To keep in a good and well bound 
 book, to be furnished by the county commissioners, a record 
 of his official acts. /Seventh: To carefully preserve all re- 
 ports of school officers and teachers, and at the close of his 
 term of office, deliver to his successor all records, books, doc- 
 uments and papers belonging to the office, taking a receipt 
 for the same, which shall be filed in the office of the county 
 auditor. FightJi: To administer oaths and affirmations to 
 school directors, teachers and other persons, in all official 
 matters connected with or relating to schools, but shall not 
 make or collect any charge or fee for so doing. JVinth: To 
 keep in a Huital)le book an official record of all persons exam- 
 ined for teachers' certificates, sliow iiig the name, age, nation- 
 ality, date of tlie examination and grailc of certificate issued. 
 lie sliall also relaiti, for si.\ niDiitlis, a list of the questions 
 ;niil I lie writ ten answers to the same, of all applicants, ami 
 hold t lie same subj(Ma to the oi'dei- of the superintendent of 
 pulilic instruction, and in case any teacher oi" ap])licant shall 
 feel aggrieved at tlie result of an examination, or in ease a
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OP^ WASHINGTON. 13 
 
 certificate is revoked by the county superintendent, the right 7*"*<;i'e's may 
 of appeal to the superintendent of public instruction shall not 
 be denied the teacher or applicant: Provided., That said ap- 
 peal be taken within thirty days from the date of the notice 
 of such grievance, revocation or refusal. Tenth: To make an suixrinteiui- 
 
 _ ... ''"'^ must make 
 
 annual report to the superintendent of public instruction on auuuiii report, 
 the first day of August of each year for the school year end- 
 ing June -loth, next preceding. The report shall contain an 
 abstract of the reports made to him by the district clerks, and 
 such other matters as the superintendent of public instruction 
 shall direct. The county superintendent shall retain a copy 
 of said report and file the same in his oftice. Eleventh: To 
 keep in his ottice a full and correct transcript of the bound- Keeptran- 
 
 ■^ ^ script ot 
 
 aries of each school district in the county. In case the 'wundaries 
 
 ot soliool 
 
 boundaries of districts are confiicting or incorrectly described, 'listricts. 
 
 he shall change, harmonize and describe them, and at their '^i'^'' iiarmon- 
 
 , . , ize coiiiiictiiig 
 
 next regular meeting he shall certify his action to the county or imperfect 
 
 " _ _ •' *' descriptions of. 
 
 commissioners of his county, and shall file with them a com- 
 plete transcript of the boundaries of all school districts af- 
 fected by his action, which shall be entered upon the journal 
 of said board and become a part of their records. The county 
 superintendent shall, on request, furnish the district clerks 
 with descriptions of the boundaries of their respective dis- 
 tricts. Twelfth: To appoint directors and district clerks to -^ppo'ntdi- 
 
 ' _ ^ _ _ _ rectors and 
 
 fill vacancies; to appoint directors and district clerks for anv c'erks. 
 new districts: Provided., That when any new district is or- 
 ganized, such of the directors and district clerk of the old 
 district as reside within the limit of the new one shall be di- 
 rectors and district clerk of the new one, and the vacancies in 
 the old district shall be filled by appointment. Thirteenth: 
 To apportion, within five days after he shall receive the Apportion 
 
 \ school fund, 
 
 quarterly certificate of the county treasurer showing the •'°"- 
 amount of funds on hand subject to apportionment, the county 
 school fund and such state common school funds as have been 
 apportioned to his county, in the following manner: He shall 
 apportion one-fourth of the total amount to be apportioned to 
 each district, in proportion to the number of teachers em- 
 ployed therein, and shall determine the number of teachers 
 by allowing one teacher for every seventy school census 
 children and fraction thereof over thirty: Provided, That 
 each school district shall be entitled to at least one teacher, 
 except that to joint districts he shall give such proportionate 
 amount as will be just and ecjuitable. The remaining three-
 
 14 SCHOOL LAWS OF AVASHINGTON. 
 
 fourths to be apportioned to each district in proportion to the 
 
 number of census children as shown by the reports of the dis- 
 
 shaii certify trlct clerks for the school vcar last closed. He shall certify 
 
 apportion- "' •' 
 
 nient to county ^j^g rcsult of the apportionment to the county treasurer, and 
 
 treasurer anil ^ '^ _ '' ' 
 
 district clerks, also notify each district clerk of the amount apportioned to 
 
 that district. Fourteenth: To appoint, for one year, two 
 
 Appoint ex- persons holdinsf the highest grade certificate in his county, 
 
 aminers. "^ o ^ a i=i ^ j ' 
 
 and such persons, with the county superintendent, shall con- 
 stitute a board of examiners for the examination of teachers. 
 It shall be the duty of the county board of examiners in all 
 Examinations counties to be at the county seat on the second Thursday of 
 
 quarterly. *' •' 
 
 the months of February, May, August and November of each 
 year for the purpose of examining teachers. The superin- 
 tendent shall give ten days' notice of the same by publication 
 in some newspaper of general circulation published in his 
 county, or if there be no newspaper, then by posting up hand 
 bills, or otherwise. Such examination shall be conducted 
 according to the rules prescribed by the state board of educa- 
 tion, and no other questions shall be used except those fur- 
 nished by the said board. 
 Certificates, g^c. 12. [ Sec. 4, ch. 127, Laws 1891.1 There shall be three 
 
 grades of. l ' ' j 
 
 grades of certificates, first, second and third. Unless revoked 
 
 for cause, first grade certificate[s] shall entitle the holder to 
 
 teach for five years; second grade for two years, and third 
 
 grade for one year; but the issuing of more than one third 
 
 grade certificate to any person shall be left to the discretion 
 
 of the county l)oard of examiners. No first grade certificate 
 
 shall be granted until the ap])licant shall have filed with the 
 
 county superintendent satisfactory written evidence of having 
 
 tauglit successfully one school year of nine months. Boards 
 
 firantcd with- of examiiicrs may, in their discretion, issue certificates with- 
 out cxainiiiH- _ , ' 
 
 t'<"'- out examination to the graduates of the normal dej)artment of 
 
 the state university of Washington, or to the graduates of any 
 stale iioi-iiial scrliool, or to the lu)Mer of a state certificate or 
 life diploma from any state or territory. Those holding first 
 grade county certificates, anil who shall have been actually 
 engaged in teaching for three years, shall be eligible to ex- 
 
 Tiinporiiry luirniatioii for state certificates. Any teacher to whom a cer- 
 
 ccrllllciitc-., ■' 
 
 county -npcr tillcatc has l)eeii grant(!(l by any county board of examiners in 
 «"'"<• this state, or by lawftil examiners in any other state or terri- 
 
 tory, tlie reijiiircinents to obtain which shall not have been 
 less than the re(|uirenients to ol)tain a certificate in this state, 
 or any teacher holding a diploniM or ccrl ilic;ite of graduation
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 15 
 
 from any state or territorial normal school or university, or 
 from the normal department of the university of Washington, 
 may present the same or a certified copy thereof, to the county 
 superintendent of any county in this state where said teacher 
 desires to teach, and it shall be the duty of said county super- 
 intendent, upon such evidence of fitness to teach, to grant to 
 said person a temporary certificate which shall entitle him to 
 teach in the common schools of the county wherein it is 
 granted until the next examination of teachers: Provided., 
 That the provisions of this clause shall apply only to such 
 teachers as were not residents of the county at the time of the 
 last preceding examination, or were unable by reason of sick- 
 ness or other unavoidable cause, to attend said examination: 
 And provided further^ That the county superintendent may 
 require of such person a written statement of such facts, veri- 
 fied by affidavit: And provided further. That the county ^^oaii of ex- 
 
 -' _ * •' aminers may 
 
 board may at their discretion, endorse certificates from other enrioise. 
 counties in this state for the unexpired term thereof. All ap- 
 plicants for certificates shall be at least seventeen years of age. Requirements 
 
 •' ° ' for certificates. 
 
 shall have attended a teachers' institute, and shall be examined 
 in reading, penmanship, orthography, written and mental 
 arithmetic, geography, English grammar, physiology and hy- 
 giene, history and constitution of the United States, school 
 law and constitution of the State of Washington, and the 
 theory and art of teaching; but no person shall receive a first 
 grade certificate who does not pass a satisfactory examination 
 in the additional branches of natural philosophy, English 
 literature and algebra. 
 
 Sec. 13. County examiners appointed by the county super- Compensation 
 
 •^ _ ^ ^ •' •' ^ oi examiners. 
 
 intendent shall receive not less than three nor more than five 
 dollars per day for the time actually employed in the examina- 
 tion of teachers, and in addition thereto shall receive inileage 
 from their homes to the place of meeting of said board and re- 
 turn by the most usual route at the rate of ten cents per mile. 
 
 Sec. 14. rSec. 5, ch. 12V, Laws 1891.1 The county commis- County super- 
 
 •- ' J .; intendent 
 
 sioners shall provide the county superintendent with a suitable '""stkeepof- 
 
 •^ ^ tice at comity 
 
 office at the county seat, and all necessary blanks, books, sta- '*•'«'• 
 tionery, postage and other expenses of his office shall be paid 
 by the county treasurer out of the county fund upon a sworn 
 statement made quarterly and allowed by the board of county 
 commissioners. The county superintendent shall require all 
 reports of school district officers, teachers and others to be 
 made promptly as required by law. He shall see that the
 
 16 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Must report, 
 what. 
 
 File oaths of 
 otHcers. 
 
 Report naiuei^ 
 to whom. 
 
 Office (lays. 
 
 Penalty lor 
 failure to 
 make reports 
 
 Appeals, liow 
 taken. 
 
 < '(imity MUper- 
 liihrKl'i'iit lo 
 fill- trunH<'ript 
 wit hill 'J() dav.-' 
 
 teachers' register is kej)t in accordance with hiw and the in- 
 structions of the superintendent of public instruction, and that 
 the records of school district clerks are properly kept. He 
 shall report to the superintendent of public instruction, within 
 fifteen days after the close of each examination, the names of 
 all applicants examined, and the result of the examination in 
 each case, and he shall, within fifteen days after the close of 
 each teachers' institute, furnish the superintendent of public 
 instruction a schedule showing the names and attendance of 
 all teachers enrolled. He shall require the oaths of office of 
 all school district otticers to be filed in his ofiice, and shall fur- 
 nish a directory of all such ofticers to the superintendent of 
 public instruction and to the county treasurer of his county, 
 upon blanks to be furnished by the superintendent of public 
 instruction, as soon as the election or appointment of such 
 ofticers is determined and their oaths placed on file. He shall 
 keep his ottice open for the transaction of ofticial business such 
 days each week as the duties of the oftice may require, and 
 shall keep posted on the door of his ofiice a notice of said 
 office days and hours of such days. 
 
 Sec. 1.5. If the county superintendent fails to make a full 
 and correct report to the superintendent of public instruction 
 of all statements required by him, he shall forfeit the sum of 
 fifty dollars from his salary, and the board of county commis- 
 sioners are hereby authorized and required to deduct theref roni 
 the sum aforesaid, upon information from the superintendent 
 of public instruction that such reports have not been made. 
 
 Skc. 16. [Sec. (), ch. 12*7, Laws 1891.] Any person or board 
 of directors aggrieved by any decision or order of the county 
 superintendent may, within thirty days after the rendition of 
 such a decision or making of such order, appeal therefrom to 
 the superintendent of public instruction. The basis of the 
 proceeding shall be an affidavit by the party aggrieved, filed 
 with the superintendent of public instruction within the time 
 for taking the appeal. The affidavit shall set forth the errors 
 complained ol in ;i plain and concise manner. The superin- 
 tendent of pul)li(! instruction shall, within five days after the 
 filing of such affidavit in his office, notify the county superin- 
 teiuhMit in writing of the taking of such appeal, and the county 
 superintendent shall, within twenty days after being thus noti- 
 tied, lile in tlie office of the superintendent of public instruction 
 a cornjjlete transcript of the record and proceedings relating 
 1(» tli(' (JeciHion coniphrnuMl of, wliicli shall be certified to be
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 17 
 
 correct by the county superintendent. The superintendent of 
 public instruction shall examine the transcript of such pro- 
 ceedings and render a decision thereon, but no new testimony 
 shall be admitted, and his decision shall be final unless set nedsion Huai. 
 aside by a court of competent jurisdiction. When an appli- 
 cant for a certificate at a regular examination shall feel 
 aggrieved at the decision of the county board of examiners, 
 and shall appeal to the superintendent of public instruction, {^^arTof"x" 
 the questions used and the answers given shall be examined by ^iminers. 
 him, and if the decision of the county boai'd of examiners be 
 reversed, the superintendent of public instruction shall issue 
 to the appellant a certificate of such grade as the answers to 
 the questions used shall warrant, and said certificate shall be 
 valid in the county where the applicant was examined the same 
 as county certificates of like grades: Provided, That the su- 
 perintendent of public instruction may require the filing in his 
 office of evidence of good moral character before issuing said 
 certificate to the appellant. 
 
 Sec. 17. The county superintendent shall, in addition to compensation 
 
 for visiting: 
 
 the salary fixed by law, be allowed three dollars for each schools; mile- 
 age. 
 school visited, and mileage at the rate of ten cents per mile 
 
 for each mile actually and necessarily traveled in making such 
 visits and attending convention of county superintendents, 
 called by the superintendent of public instruction, but shall 
 not be allowed to charge or collect any fee for the perform- 
 ance of any other duty herein named: Provided, That no con- 
 structive mileage shall be charged. 
 
 TITLE V, SCHOOL DISTRICTS. 
 
 Sec. 18. The term "school district," as used in this act, school district, 
 
 term defined. 
 
 is declared to mean the territory under the jurisdiction of a 
 single school board, designated as "board of directors," and 
 shall be organized in form and manner as hereinafter pro- 
 vided, and shall be known as district No. , county: 
 
 Provided, That all school districts now existing, as shown by 
 the records of the county superintendents, are hereby recog- 
 nized as legally organized districts. 
 
 Sec. 19. [Sec. 1, ch. 12*7, Laws 1891.1 For the purpose of Organization 
 . . ..... of new dis- 
 
 organizing a new district, a petition in writing shall be made tricts. 
 
 to the county superintendent, signed by at least five heads of 
 
 families residing within the boundaries of the proposed new 
 
 district, which petition shall describe the boundaries of the 
 
 proposed new district, and give the names of all children of
 
 18 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Notice of 
 meeting. 
 
 Appeal to 
 county com- 
 missioners, 
 how taken. 
 
 ClianKc of 
 l)oiinclarii-.H 
 
 Noticr of 
 tiicctiiiK 
 
 school age residing within the boundaries of such proposed 
 new district at the date of presenting said petition. The 
 county superintendent shall give notice to parties interested 
 by posting notices at least twenty ( 20) days prior to the time 
 appointed by him for considering said petition, in at least 
 three of the most public places in the proposed new district, 
 and one on the school house door of each district affected by 
 the proposed change, or if there be no school house, then in 
 one of the most public places of said old district, and shall, on 
 the day fixed in the notice, proceed to hear said petition, and 
 if he deem it advisable to gi'ant the petition he shall make an 
 order establishing said district and describing the boundaries 
 thereof, and shall certify his action to the board of county 
 commissioners at their next regular meeting: Provided^ That 
 when in the formation or alteration of any school district, or 
 in the refusal of a county superintendent to form or alter a 
 school district as prayed for, any person affected by such form- 
 ation or alteration, or by such refusal to form or alter a school 
 district as prayed for, shall feel aggrieved by the action of 
 the county superintendent, he may appeal to the board of 
 commissioners of his county. Said appeal shall be filed with 
 the clerk of the board of county commissioners within twenty 
 days after the action complained of, and shall state in a clear 
 and concise manner the matters complained of, which state- 
 ment shall be verified by the affidavit of the appellant or 
 appellants. Copies of the notice of appeal shall be filed with 
 the county superintendent and with the clerk of each school 
 district affected by the appeal, at the time of filing said notice 
 with the clerk of the board of county commissioners. The 
 county commissioners shall, at their next regular meeting, 
 hear and determine said appeal, and shall have power to sum- 
 mon witnesses, and their action shall be final. 
 
 Skc. -jo. [Sec. 8, ch. 127, Laws 18'.»1.] For the i»ur|)ose of 
 transferring territory from one district to another, or enlarg- 
 ing the boundaries of any school district, a petition in writing 
 shall be presented to the (H)unty su])erintendent, signed by a 
 MKijority of heads (tf rainilies residing in the territory which 
 it is proposed to transfer or include, which [)etition shall de- 
 scribe the change which it is proposed to have made. It shall 
 also Htat(! the reason for desiring said change, and the number 
 of chihlren of scrhool age residing on tlu^ territory to be trans- 
 ferre<l. 'I'he cr)nnty su]ierint(Mident shall lile said ])etition in 
 his office, and shall give notice to parties interested by post-
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 19 
 
 ing notices at least twenty dayo prior to the time aj>pointed 
 by him for considering said petition, one of which shall be in 
 a public place in the territory which it is proposed to be 
 annexed or transferred, and one on the door of the school 
 house in each district affected by the change, or if there be no 
 school house in such district, then in some public place in such 
 district or districts; and at the time stated in said notices he 
 shall proceed to hear said petition, and if he deem it advisable 
 he shall grant the same and make an order fixing the bounda- 
 ries of the districts affected by his action, and shall certify 
 his action to the board of county commissioners at their next 
 regular meeting: Provided., That an appeal may be taken, as Appeal. 
 provided for in section seven of this act. [Sec. 19 of orig- 
 inal act.] 
 
 Sec. 21. No new district formed by the subdivision of an Sc-hooi in new 
 
 •' ill strict. 
 
 old one shall be entitled to any share of public money belong- 
 ing to the old district until a school has actually been taught 
 one month in the new district, and unless within eight months 
 from the order of the county superintendent granting such 
 new district a school is opened, the action making a new dis- 
 trict shall be void, and all elections or appointments of 
 directors or clerks made in consequence of such action, and 
 all rights and office of parties so elected or appointed shall 
 cease and determine, and all taxes which may have been 
 levied in such old district shall be valid and binding upon the 
 real and personal property of new districts, and shall be col- 
 lected and paid into the school fund of the old district. 
 
 Sec. 22. rSec. 1, ch. 109, Laws 1893.1 When a new district Division of 
 
 ... tunds. 
 
 is formed by the division of an old one, it shall be entitled to 
 a just share of the school moneys to the credit of the old dis- 
 trict after payment of all outstanding debts at the time when 
 the petition was granted establishing such new district, and 
 the county superintendent shall divide such remaining mon- 
 eys, and such as may afterwards be apportioned to the old 
 district, according to the number of school children resident 
 in each district, for which purpose he shall order a census to 
 be taken: Provided, That the new district shall be entitled to 
 such proportion of any special tax levied and collected for the 
 year in which the new district is created, as the amount of such 
 tax paid by that portion of the old district which is embraced 
 in the new, bears to such old district. 
 
 Sec. 23. No school district shall be entitled to receive any 
 apportionment of any school inoneys unless the teachers who
 
 20 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Apportion- have becii employed in the schools of such districts held learal 
 
 ment of scliool i j o 
 
 funds; con- certificates of fitness for the occupation of teaching, in full 
 
 ditions. r^ ~' 
 
 force and effect. Any district using text-books other than 
 those prescribed by the board of education, or any district 
 failing to comply with the course of study prescribed by the 
 board of education, shall forfeit twenty-five per cent, of their 
 school fund for that year, and it is hereby made the duty of 
 the county superintendent to deduct said amount from the ap- 
 portionment to be made to any district failing in either or 
 both of the above named requirements, and the amounts thus 
 deducted shall revert to the general school funds of the 
 county. 
 
 Sec. 24. [Sec. 9, ch. 127, Laws 1891.] No school district 
 
 shall be entitled to receive any apportionment of school 
 
 moneys which shall not have maintained school for at least 
 
 three months during the preceding year: Provided, That any 
 
 Mimmuni jjg^ district formed by the division of an old one, shall be en- 
 
 length of term. " ' 
 
 titled to its just share of school moneys when the time that 
 school was maintained in the old district before division, and 
 in the new one after division, shall be equal to at least three 
 termine^iength "^^nths: Provided further, That the legal voters of any school 
 of time. district may, at the annual meeting or at any special meeting, 
 
 determine the length of time in excess of the minimum length 
 of time required by law that school shall be maintained. 
 
 TITLE VI. BOARDS OF DIRECTORS. 
 
 Election of s^c. 25. [ Scc. 2, ch. 109, Laws 1893.1 Directors of school 
 
 directors. l ' ^ j 
 
 districts shall be elected at the regular annual school election. 
 At the first annual election in all new districts three directors 
 shall be elected, for one, two and three years respectively. 
 The ballots shall sj)ecify the term for which each is to be 
 elected. In all districts in which elections have been previ- 
 ously lield, one director shall be elected for the term of three 
 years, and if any vacancies are to be filled, a suflicient num- 
 ber to fill tliejn for the unexpired term or terms; and the bal- 
 lots shall specify the respective term for which each director 
 is to be elected. Directors-elect shall take office on the first 
 
 Tiiki-..iiiii. .\[onday in July next succeeding their election, and shall hold 
 uWm'X'. until their successors are elected and qualified. Any 
 director wiio fails to qualify on or before the day aj)j)ointed 
 for him to take office shall forfeit all rights to his ortice, and 
 
 yiKiincy t,),e (;()nntv superintendent shall fill such vacancy by aj>])oint- 
 
 niciit, to hold ollirc until the next annual election.
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 21 
 
 Sec. 20. Every board of directors, unless otherwise spe- ?."'ies of 
 
 •' ' ^ directors. 
 
 cially provided by law, shall have power, and it shall be their 
 duty — First: To employ, and, for sufficient cause, discharge 
 teachers, mechanics or laborers, and to fix, alter, allow and or- 
 der paid their salaries and compensation. Second: To enforce ^^If ^^V^^'^'^ 
 the rules and regulations prescribed by the superintendent of 
 public instruction and the state board of education for the 
 government of the schools, pupils and teachers, and to en- 
 force the course of study prescribed by the state board of 
 education. Third: To provide and pay for school furniture and gy°^jf ^ 
 apparatus, and such other articles, materials and supplies as 
 may be necessary for the use of schools. Fourth: To rent, re- 
 pair, furnish and insure school houses. Fifth: To build or 
 remove school houses, purchase or sell lots or other real estate, 
 when directed by a vote of the district to do so. Sixth: To 
 purchase personal property in the name of the district, and to 
 receive, lease and hold for their district any real or personal 
 property. Seventh: To suspend or expel pupils from school, suspend 
 who refuse to obey the rules thereof, and may exclude from 
 school all children under six years of age. Eighth: To provide 
 books for children of indigent parents on the written state- 
 ment of the parents of such children that they are unable to pur- 
 chase the same. JV-hith: To require all pupils to be furnished 
 with such books as may have been adopted by the state board 
 of education, as a condition to membership in the schools. 
 
 Tenth: To exclude from school and school librai'ies all books, Exclude cer- 
 tain books 
 tracts, papers and other publications of an immoral or per- f^m school. 
 
 nicious tendency, or of a sectarian or partisan character. 
 
 Eleventh: To authorize the school room to be used for sum- y^e of school 
 
 iiouse for eer- 
 
 raer and night schools, literary, scientific, religious, political, *»*" purposes, 
 mechanical or agricultural societies, with the consent of and 
 under such regulations as the board of directors may adopt. 
 Ticelfth: To require teachers to conform to the provisions of 
 the school law. 
 
 Sec. 27. Any board of directors shall be liable as directors Directors Ha- 
 
 •' . _ _ _ ble for debts 
 
 in the name of the district for any judgment against the dis- of district, 
 trict, for any salary due any teacher, and for any debts legally 
 due, contracted under the provisions of this act, and they shall 
 pay such judgment or liability out of the school funds to the 
 credit of the district. 
 
 Sec. 28. [Sec. 10, ch. 127, Laws 1891.] Any board of di- 
 rectors shall have power to make arrangements with the 
 directors of an adjoining district for the attendance of such
 
 22 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Non resilient 
 pupils may at- 
 tend school. 
 
 Moneys re- 
 ceived. 
 
 By-laws of 
 board. 
 
 Meetings 
 of board. 
 
 Directors may 
 convey projv 
 erty. 
 
 Transact all 
 business. 
 
 SiKii wiirrantH 
 
 C'ftll Hpft'iul 
 iiici-tinKH to 
 d«-t«Triiiiic 
 Avluit. 
 
 children in the school of either district as may be best accom- 
 modated therein, and to transfer the school money due by 
 apportionment to such children to the district in which they 
 may attend school: Provided, That in case such arrange- 
 ments are not made, or children from school districts not 
 adjoining desire to attend school in their district, they may 
 charge reasonable tuition for such attendance: Provided fur- 
 ther, That all moneys collected by any school district officer, 
 for the use of the district, shall, within thirty days after the 
 date of its collection, be turned over to the county treasurer 
 and placed to the credit of the district. 
 
 Sec. 29. Any board of directors shall have power to make 
 such by-laws for their own government, and for the govern- 
 ment of the common schools under their charge, as they deem 
 expedient, not inconsistent with the provisions of this act, or 
 the instructions of the superintendent of public instruction or 
 the state board of education. A regular meeting of each board 
 of directors shall be held on the last Saturday of March, June, 
 September and December. They may, however, hold such 
 other special or adjourned meetings as they may from time to 
 time determine, or as may be specified in their by-laws. 
 
 Sec. 30. [Sec. 11, ch. 127, Laws 1891.] The board of di- 
 rectors of each school district shall have custody of all school 
 property belonging to the district, and shall have power, in 
 the name of the district or in their own names as directors 
 of the district, to convey by deed all the interest of their dis- 
 trict in or to any school house or lot directed to be sold by 
 vote of the district, and all conveyances of real estate made 
 to the district, or to the directors thereof, shall be made to the 
 board of directors of the district and to their successors in of- 
 fice; said board, in the name of the district, shall have power 
 to transact all Ijusiness necessary for maintaining schools and 
 protecting the rights of the district; and it shall be the duty 
 of the directors of every school district to issue and sign war- 
 rants, as such directors, for the payment of all demands au- 
 dited and allowed against their district, and to sign, execute 
 and acknowledge as such directors, deeds for the conveyance 
 of all real estate sold )>y them as in this section provided. Any 
 board of directors may, in its discretion, and shall, upon a 
 petition of a majority of the legal voters of their district, call 
 a Hjiccial meeting of the voters of the district, to determine 
 the length oi time in exc(^SH of the minimum length of terra 
 prescribed by law, lliat school sliall be maintained in the dis-
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 23 
 
 tvict during the school year, or to determine whether or not 
 the district sliall purchase any school house site or sites, and 
 the location thereof, or to determine whether or iiot the dis- 
 trict shall build one or more school houses; or to determine 
 whether or not the district shall sell any real or personal 
 property belonging to the district, borrow money, or to deter- 
 mine whether or not the district shall establish and maintain 
 a school district library. All such special meetings shall be 
 held at the school house if there be one, or if there be none or 
 more than one, then at such school house or place as the board 
 of directors may determine. At least ten days' notice of N>tice of spe- 
 
 '' *' cial meetings. 
 
 such special meeting shall be given by the district clerk, in the 
 manner that notice is required to be given of the annual school 
 election, which notice shall state the object or objects for 
 which the meeting is to be held, and no other business shall 
 be transacted at such meeting than such as is specified in the 
 notice. The district clerk shall be clerk of the meeting, and 
 the chairman of the board of directors, or in his absence the 
 senior director present, shall be chairman of the meeting: 
 Provided, That in the absence of one or all of said officers the 
 qualified electors present may elect a chairman or clerk or voters may 
 
 elect chairman 
 
 both chairman and clerk of said meeting as occasion may re- ami clerk, 
 quire, from among their number, and the clerk of the meeting 
 shall make a record of the proceedings of the meeting, and 
 when the clerk of such meeting has been elected by the quali- 
 fied electors present, he shall within ten days thereafter file 
 the record of the proceedings of the meeting, duly certified, Records of. 
 with the clerk of the district, and said record shall become a 
 part of the records of the district and be preserved as other 
 records; and it shall be the duty of every board of directors 
 to carry out the directions of the electors of their district as 
 expressed at any such meeting. 
 
 Sec. 3L It shall be unlawful for any director to have any Directors shall 
 
 / _ _ •' have no inter- 
 
 pecuniary interest, either directly or indirectly, in any erec- estinanycon- 
 tion of school houses, or for warming, ventilating, furnishing 
 or repairing the same, or be in any manner connected with the 
 furnishing of supplies for the maintenance of the schools, or 
 to receive or accept any compensation or reward for services 
 rendered as director. 
 
 Sec. 3U. [Sec. 3, ch. 109, Laws 1893.1 It shall be unlaw- ^""itofin- 
 
 - L ' ' J debtedness. 
 
 ful for any board of directors to contract indebtedness against 
 their district in any one year, payable out of the general fund 
 of said district, in any sum or sums exceeding in the aggre-
 
 24 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 gate the amount apportioned to said district at the last quar- 
 terly apportionment next following the date on which taxes 
 become delinquent, unless said indebtedness be first authorized 
 by a vote of the electors of said district. 
 Appeal from gj-f. go. Any Dcrson awofrieved by any decision or order of 
 
 action of di- •' ^ ^'^ *' •' 
 
 rectors. ^.he board of directors may, within thirty days after the rendi- 
 
 tion of such decision or making of such order, appeal there- 
 from to the county superintendent of the proper county; the 
 basis of such proceedings shall be an affidavit filed by the 
 party aggrieved with the county superintendent within the 
 time for taking the appeal. The affidavit shall set forth the 
 errors complained of in a plain and concise manner. The 
 
 Proceedings, couuty Superintendent shall, within five days after the filing 
 of such affidavit in his office, notify the clerk of the proper 
 district, in writing, of the taking of such appeal, and the lat- 
 ter shall, within ten days after being thus notified, file in the 
 office of the county superintendent a complete transcript of 
 the record and proceeding relating to the decision complained 
 of, which shall be certified to be correct by the clerk of the 
 district. After tlie filing of the transcript aforesaid in the 
 office, he shall notify, in writing, all persons interested, of the 
 time and place where the matter of the appeal will be heard 
 by him. At the time thus fixed for hearing he shall hear 
 testimony of either party, and for that purpose may adminis- 
 ter oaths if necessary, and he shall make such decision as may 
 be just and equital)le, which shall be final unless appealed 
 from, as provided for in this act. 
 
 TITI.K VII. DISTRICT CI.KRKS. 
 
 Time of eieo- Sec. 3.3. I Sec. 4, ch. 109, Laws 1893. 1 A district clerk shall 
 
 tion and term i ' ^ 
 
 of oiticeof !,(, elected in esu-h district at each annual election, to hold of- 
 
 clerk. 
 
 fice for one year, beginning on the first Monday in August 
 next succeeding his election, and until his successor is elected 
 and <|ua]iHed. In case of the death, removal or resignation 
 of the <listrict clerk, the county superintendent shall fill the 
 vacrancy by ap))ointinent. Any district clerk failing to qualify 
 as providcil \'<>i in this act, on or hcfoic the day appointed for 
 him to take office, shall forfeit all rights to his office, and the 
 county superintendent shall lill the office by appointment, to 
 hold till the next annual election. 
 i">i'<-'<"f Si:( . ;;4. I Sec. I'J, ch. 127, Laws lH91,and sec. .5, ch. 109, 
 
 c'li-rk. ' 
 
 Laws 1893. I The duties of the district clerk shall be as fol- 
 lows: 7''irsf : 'i'o .ittiiiid all meetings of the board of directors;
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 25 
 
 but if be shall not be present the board of directors shall se- 
 lect one of their number to act as clerk, who shall certify the 
 proceedings of the meeting to the clerk of the district, to be 
 recorded by him. He shall keep his records in a book, to be Ketonis. 
 furnished by the board of directors, and he shall preserve 
 copies of all reports made to the county superintendent, and 
 safely preserve and keep all books and documents belonging 
 to his office, and shall turn the same over to his successor. 
 Seco7ul: To keep accurate and detailed accounts of all re- 
 ceipts and expenditures of school money. At each annual 
 school meeting the district clerk must present his record 
 book for public inspection, and shall make a statement of the 
 financial condition of the district and of the action of the direc- 
 tors, and such record must always be open for public insjDection. 
 Third: To take, annually, in June of each year, an exact Take census, 
 census of all children and youth between the ages of five and 
 twenty-one years who were bona fide residents of the district 
 on the first day of June of that year; and he shall designate 
 the number of weeks each child between the ages of six and Noteattend- 
 
 ^ ance at schools. 
 
 twenty-one years has attended school during the school year; 
 the names and sex of all children subject to enumeration, to- 
 gether with the names of their parents or guardians: Pro- 
 vided, That Indian children not living under the guardianship Exclude in- 
 
 <^ '^ i- dians and 
 
 of white persons, or who have not severed their tribal relations, Chinese. 
 
 or Mongolian cliildren not native born, shall not be included 
 
 in said census. He shall note all defective youth between the Note defective 
 
 •^ youth. 
 
 ages of live and twenty-one years; and he shall, on or before 
 the fifteenth day of July, make to the county superintendent 
 a full and complete report of all children enumerated, together Report shall 
 
 ■^ _ _ _ ' o contain, what. 
 
 with a complete statistical report of the affairs of his district, 
 which report shall be verified by affidavit. Said report shall 
 be made upon blanks to be furnished by the superintendent 
 of public instruction, and shall contain such items of infor- 
 mation as said superintendent shall require, including the fol- 
 lowing: The names of all persons, male and female, between Names of 
 
 " ^ children, resi- 
 
 the ages of five and twenty-one years, residing in the district f'ence. 
 on the first day of June last past, together with the number 
 of weeks each has attended school during the last school year; 
 the names and residences of the parents or guardians of all 
 such children; the number of schools or departments taught 
 during the year, and the branches taught; the number of 
 children, male and female, enrolled in school, and the average Enrollment, 
 daily attendance; the number of teachers employed, and their
 
 26 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Teachers, 
 wages of. 
 
 Receipts and 
 disbursements 
 
 Expenses, 
 clerk keep ac- 
 count of. 
 
 Give notice of 
 meetings. 
 
 Report com- 
 mencement 
 of sfliool to 
 county su- 
 perintendent. 
 
 f'onipcnj^alion 
 of clerk, not 
 ]iayalil<' until 
 all reports are 
 made. 
 
 compensation per month; the number of days school was 
 taught during the past school year, and by whom; the text- 
 books used, and the number of volumes, if any, in the school 
 district library; the aggregate amount paid teachers during 
 the year; the number of school houses in the district, and the 
 value of them; the aggregate value of all school furniture and 
 apparatus belonging to the district; the amount raised by 
 special tax during the year, for the support of schools, and 
 for buildings, sites and furniture; the amount raised by sub- 
 scription or by other means than taxation; the amount of 
 bonded indebtedness of the district, and the rate of interest 
 paid; the amount of all other indebtedness, and such other 
 items as the superintendent of public instruction may deem 
 of importance, and as may be provided for in the blanks fur- 
 nished for said report, and the clerk shall keep on file a dupli- 
 cate copy of said report. Fourth: To keep an accurate 
 account of all the expenses incurred by him in his district in 
 keeping the school house in repair, in providing for necessary 
 janitor work, and in providing school supplies, and for other 
 expenses incurred by him on account of the school, which ac- 
 counts must be audited by the board of directors and paid out 
 of the district school fund. Fiftli: To give the required 
 notice of all annual or special elections; also, to give notice 
 of the regular and special meetings of the board of directors 
 as herein authorized. Sixth: To report to the county super- 
 intendent at the beginning of each term of school, the name 
 of the teacher and the proposed length of the term, and to 
 supply the teacher with the school register furnished by the 
 suj)erintendent of public instruction. Seventh: To issue and 
 countersign all warrants ordered to be issued by the board of 
 directors, 
 
 Skc. .35. [Sec. 1.!, ell. 127, Laws 1891.] The district clerk 
 shall receive three dollars per day for the time actually and 
 necessarily spent in taking the census and making his report, 
 and he sliall receive such other reasonable compensation foi- 
 other services as the directors shall allow, said accounts to be 
 audited and paid by the directors out of the funds of the dis- 
 trict: Provided, 'J'liat no account lor services rendered by 
 any district clerk shall be audited or allowed by any board of 
 directors, or any warrant issued for the payment of any such 
 atu-ounts, until he sh:ill li.ivc lilcil with the board of directors 
 a certifi(tate of the (bounty superintendent of his county that 
 all reports retpiired by law have been properly made; and it
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 27 
 
 shall be the duty of the coiintv superintendent to make out ('"""ty supcr- 
 and transmit to the clerks of such districts as have made all muskcertify 
 
 tiiat reports 
 
 reports as required by law, on or before the last Saturday of l»a^^ebeen 
 the months of February, May, August and December of each 
 year, the certificates required by this section. 
 
 Sec. 36. In case the district clerk fails to make the reports J'?"'^^*^ ^^^ 
 
 '■ failure to 
 
 herein provided, at the proper time, he shall forfeit and pay >eport. 
 to the district the sum of twenty-five dollars for each and 
 every such failure. He shall also be liable if, through such 
 neglect, the district fails to receive its just apportionment of 
 school moneys, for the full amount so lost, to be recovered in 
 a suit brought by any citizen of such district, in the name of 
 and for the benefit of such district. 
 
 TITLE VIII. — TEACHERS. 
 
 Sec. 37. [Sec. 14, ch. 12'7, Laws 1891.1 No person shall be whoarequai- 
 
 L ' ' -I '^ ihed teachers. 
 
 accounted as a qualified teacher, within the meaning of the 
 school law, who has not first appeared before the board of 
 examiners of the county in which he proposes to teach, and 
 received a certificate setting forth his qualifications; or has 
 not a state certificate or a life diploma from the state board 
 of education, or a temporary certificate granted by the county 
 superintendent. 
 
 Sec. 38. [Sec. 15, ch. 12 V, Laws 1891.1 Every teacher em- Report at time 
 
 L ' ' J J of making 
 
 ployed in any common school shall make a report to the county contract. 
 
 superintendent at the time of the contract to teach such school, 
 
 the number of the district in which he is to teach, the grade 
 
 of his certificate, date it expires, and the proposed length of 
 
 term, and at the close of any school to report to the county 
 
 superintendent on the blanks prescribed by the superintendent 
 
 of public instruction. Any teacher who shall be teaching at 
 
 the close of the school year, or who shall teach the last term 
 
 of any school year in any school district, shall make a report Report at close 
 
 *'•'•' ' ^ oi term or 
 
 to the county superintendent immediately upon the close of y^^^- 
 
 such school year or term, for the entire time taught in said 
 
 school district since the beginning of the school year. Copies 
 
 of all reports made by teachers shall be furnished to the clerk 
 
 of the district, to be by him filed in his office. No board of 
 
 directors shall draw any order or warrant for the salary of 
 
 any teacher for the last month of his service until the reports 
 
 herein required shall have been made and received: PwvidecL citysuperin- 
 
 ^ ' tcnaent or 
 
 That in all schools acting under the direction of a city super- principal may 
 
 => J tr rei)ort in lieii 
 
 intendent, the report of such superintendent shall be accepted of teachers.
 
 28 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Teachers' 
 register. 
 
 Final report. 
 
 by the county superintendent and the directors in lieu of the 
 teachers' report; and that when there is no city superintend- 
 ent, the report of the principal shall be accepted in lieu of the 
 teachers' report. 
 
 Sec. 39. Every teacher shall keep a school register in the 
 manner provided for, and no board of directors shall draw 
 any warrant for the salary of any teacher for the last month 
 of his service in the school, at the end of any term or year, 
 until they shall have received a certificate from the district 
 clerk that the said register has been properly kept, the sum- 
 maries made and the statistics entered, or until, by personal 
 examination, they shall have satisfied themselves that it has 
 been done. Teachers shall faithfully enforce in the school 
 the course of study and regulations prescribed, and if any 
 teacher shall willfully refuse or neglect to comply with such 
 regulations, then the board of directors shall be authorized to 
 withhold any warrant for salaries due until such teacher shall 
 of"in'pio^v-*^°''^ comply therewith. No teacher shall be employed except by 
 "®"*- written order of a majority of directors, at a regular or special 
 
 meeting thereof, nor unless the holder of a legal teacher's cer- 
 tificate in full force and effect. 
 
 Sec. 40. In every contract between any teacher and board 
 of directors^ a school month shall be construed to be twenty 
 school days, or four weeks of five days each, and no teacher 
 shall be required to teach school on Saturdays or any legal* 
 holiday, and no deduction from the teacher's time or salary 
 shall be made by reason of the fact that a school day happens 
 to be one of the days referred to in this section as a day on 
 which school shall not be taught. 
 
 Si'X;. 41. Every teacher shall have power to hold every 
 pupil to a strict accountability in school for any disorderly 
 conduct on the way to or from school, or on the grounds of 
 the school, or during the intermission or recess; to suspend 
 from school any pupil for good cause: Provided, That such 
 .suHpeiisioii sjiiill be reported to the directors as soon as prac- 
 ticable for tlieir decision. 
 
 I.uuIutXtiii'n.' ^'-''- '^-- It ^''''^" '•« '•'<' ''"'y *»'' '^" teachers to endeavor to 
 impress on the minds of tlicir pii|)ils (lie principles ol moral- 
 ity, truth, justice, Icmpciancc and jiatriotism; to teach them 
 
 School month. 
 
 Holidays. 
 
 Tcadicr miiy 
 Bufpciid pupi 
 
 *'rh<- U-Kal holiihiyH arc Siinrlay, Ni-w Year's Day, WashiiiKloii's Hirth(hiy, Dec- 
 oration Kay, Fourth of .Inly, Labor Day, C'hrintmas Day, any day on whicli a sicn- 
 <Tal election Im held thronnhont the »tatc, and any <lay dcHij^'iatcd by proclamation 
 of till! chief executiv<! an a IcRal holiday or a day of lliankMKivinK.
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 29 
 
 to avoid idleness, profanity and falsehood; to instruct them 
 in the principles of free government, and to train them up to 
 the true comprehension of the rights, duty and dignity of 
 American citizenship. 
 
 Sec. 43. Any teacher who shall maltreat or abuse any pupil ^'"i" not mai- 
 
 •' ^11 treat pupils. 
 
 by administering any undue or severe punishment, or inflict 
 punishment on the head or face, shall be deemed guilty of a 
 misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof before any court 
 of competent jurisdiction, shall be fined in any sum not ex- 
 ceeding one hundred dollars. 
 
 TITLE IX. SCHOOLS. 
 
 Sec. 44. A common school is hereby defined to be a school Common 
 
 school defined. 
 
 that is maintained at the public expense in each school dis- 
 trict and under the supervision of boards of directors. Every 
 common school, not otherwise provided for by law, shall be 
 open to the admission of all children between the ages of six 
 and twenty-one years residing in that school district, and the 
 board of directors shall have the power to admit adults and ^^f"' resident 
 
 . pupils and 
 
 children not residing in the district, as hereinbefore provided, i«ci"its. 
 and to fix the terms of such admission as hereinbefore pro- 
 vided. 
 
 Sec. 45. All common schools shall be taught in the English Branches to 
 
 _ ~ be pursued 
 
 language, and instruction shall be given in the following ''y pupils, 
 branches, viz. : Reading, penmanship, orthography, written 
 arithmetic, mental arithmetic, geography, English grammar, 
 physiology and hygiene with special reference to the effects 
 of alcoholic stimulants and narcotics on the human system, 
 history of the United States, and such other studies as may 
 be prescribed by the board of education. Attention must be 
 given during the entire course to the cultivation of manners, 
 to the laws of health, physical exercise, ventilation and tem- 
 perature of the school room. 
 
 Sec. 46. The school day shall be six hours in length, ex- Sehooi day. 
 elusive of any intermission at noon, but any board of directors 
 may fix as the school day a less number of hours than six: 
 Provided, That it be not less than four hours for primary 
 schools under their charge, and any teacher may dismiss any 
 or all scholars under eight years of age, after an attendance of 
 four hours, exclusive of an intermission at noon. 
 
 Sec. 4*7. No teacher or scholar shall be permitted to attend Contagious 
 
 '■ _ diseases. 
 
 school from any house in which smallpox, varioloid, scarlet 
 fever, diphtheria or any other contagious or loathsome disease
 
 30 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 is prevalent. No teacher or scholar shall be permitted to re- 
 turn to school from any house where the above mentioned 
 diseases, or any form of them, has prevailed, until three weeks 
 shall have elapsed from the beginning of convalescence of the 
 patient. In case several individuals have been affected with 
 such disease within the same house, the period of the time 
 must be reckoned from beginning of convalescence of the last 
 case. 
 Pupils shall gj.(^_ 48. All pupils who mav attend common schools shall 
 
 comply with i ' ■' 
 
 regulations. comply with the regulations established in pursuance of the 
 law for the government of the schools, shall pursue the re- 
 quired course of studies, and shall submit to the authority of 
 the teachers of such school. Continued and willful disobe- 
 dience and open defiance of authority of the teacher shall con- 
 stitute good cause for expulsion from school. Any pupil who 
 
 Injury to pub- g^jaH Jn any way cut, deface or otherwise iniure any school 
 
 he property. J J ^ j j 
 
 house, furniture, fence or outbuilding thereof, or any book 
 belonging to other pupils, or any books belonging to the dis- 
 trict library, shall be liable to suspension and punishment, 
 and the parent or guardian of such pupil shall be liable for 
 damage, on complaint of the teacher or any director, and upon 
 proof of the same. 
 School year. Sec. 49. The school year shall begin on the first day of July 
 
 and end on the last day of June. 
 
 TITLE X. SUrPORT OF SCHOOLS. 
 
 Funds derive.i g^^ 59. The principal of the state school fund shall remain 
 
 from what r- r 
 
 source. irreducible and |)ermaiient. The said fund shall be derived 
 
 from the following sources, to wit: A})])ropriations and dona- 
 tions by the state to this fund; donations and be(iuests by 
 individuals to the state or common schools; the proceeds of 
 land and other ))ro])erty which revert to the state by escheat 
 and forfeiture; the proceeds of all property granted to the 
 state, when the pmpose of the grant is not specified or is un- 
 certain; funds accumulated in the treasury of the state for 
 tlie (lisbiirHcment of which jn'ovision has not been made by 
 law; t lie proccc(ls of the sale of timber, stone, minerals or other 
 properly from s<'hool and state lands other tliaii those granted 
 for Hp(!cillc, purposes, and all moneys other than rental recov- 
 ered I'roni persons tr(;spassing on said lamls; fivi' ))er centum 
 of the proc(u.'<ls of the sale of piil)li(^ hinds lying within the 
 st,at(^ which shall Ix; sold by tlu- Ignited States subse(|uent to 
 tlur admission of the state into the nnion, as approved by
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 31 
 
 section fifteen ( 15 ) of the act of congress enabling the admis- 
 sion of the state into the union; the principal of all funds 
 arising from the sale of lands and other property which have 
 been and hereafter may be granted to the state for the support 
 of common schools, and such other funds as may be provided 
 by legislative enactment. 
 
 Sec. 51. The interest accuring on said fund, together with 
 rentals and other revenues derived therefrom from lands and 
 other property devoted to the common school fund, shall be 
 exclusively applied to the current use of the common schools. 
 All schools maintained or supported wholly or in part by the Public schools 
 
 •^ ^ •' r J free from sec- 
 
 public funds shall be forever free from sectarian control or Parian influ- 
 
 '^ ence. 
 
 influence. All losses to the permanent common school fund 
 
 which shall be occasioned by defalcation, mismanagement or i^oss of school 
 
 •' _ _ ^ luntls. 
 
 fraud of the agent or officers controlling or managing the same, 
 shall V)e audited by the proper authorities of the state. The 
 amount so audited shall be a permanent funded debt against 
 the state in favor of the particular fund sustaining such loss, 
 upon which not less than six per cent, annual interest shall be 
 paid. 
 
 Sec. 52. rSec. 16, ch. 12*7, Laws 1891.1 In addition to the A"""aitax 
 
 L ' J for support 
 
 provisions for the support of the common schools hereinbefore "'' schools. 
 provided, it shall be the duty of the county commissioners of 
 each county in the state to levy an annual tax, which levy 
 shall be made at the time and in the manner provided by law 
 for the levying of taxes for county purposes, and said levy 
 shall not be less than four* mills on a dollar, and not more 
 than ten* mills on a dollar of the assessed value of all taxa- 
 ble property, real and personal, within the county; which 
 tax shall be collected by the county treasurer at the same 
 time and in the same manner as state and county taxes are 
 collected. For the support of the common schools there shall 
 also be set apart by the county treasurer all moneys paid into 
 the county treasury arising from fines for breach of any pe- Fines. 
 nal law of the state, and it is hereby made the duty of all 
 county clerks, justices of the peace or other officers receiving 
 any money arising from such fines or licenses, or any other 
 moneys belonging to the school fund as above provided, to 
 turn the same over to the county treasurer within thirty days 
 after the date of its collection, taking his receipt therefor; 
 and all such officers shall make a report to the county super- 
 
 * Superseded by revenue law of 189.3, which makes eight mills the maximum 
 and prescribes no minimum.
 
 32 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Reports of 
 justices of 
 peace and 
 clerks of 
 courts. 
 
 Special tax. 
 
 Directors may 
 levy five mills 
 
 Voters may 
 levy ten mills. 
 
 Manner of 
 voting. 
 
 Clerk shall 
 certify levy 
 to county 
 auditor. 
 
 Annual 
 ••lr<'tioii. 
 
 intendent, quarterly, on or before the tenth day of January, 
 April, July and October of each year, of all moneys so col- 
 lected. 
 
 TITLE XI. — SPECIAL TAXES. 
 
 Sec. o'A. [Sec. IV, ch. 127, Laws 1891.] The board of di- 
 rectors may, when in their judgment it is necessary, for the 
 purpose of furnishing additional school facilities for their dis- 
 trict, or for the payment of teachers' wages, or for the build- 
 ing of one or more school houses, or for the repairing of any 
 school house or houses, or for the building of additions 
 thereto, or for the purchase of fuel, supplies, globes, maps, 
 charts, books of reference or other appliances or apparatus for 
 teaching, or for any or all of these purposes, levy a special tax 
 on the taxable property of their district, not to exceed ten 
 mills on the dollar: Provided, That no tax exceeding live 
 mills on the dollar shall be levied until such levy shall have 
 been ordered by a majority vote of the legal electors of the 
 district, at a special election called for that purpose. Such 
 election shall be called and conducted in the manner provided 
 for calling and conducting annual school elections. At such 
 elections the ballots shall contain the words "Tax, yes,'' or 
 "Tax, no." The officers of the election shall certify the re- 
 sult of the election to the clerk of the district, who shall file 
 said certificate as a part of his records. Whenever a special 
 tax is ordered to be levied the clerk of the district shall, on or 
 before the first day of September of the year in which such 
 special tax is ordered to be levied, make to the county au- 
 ditor a certified statement of the number of mills of such spe- 
 cial tax which has been oi'dered to be levied in such district. 
 The county auditor shall extend the same against all the tax- 
 able property within such district, upon the general assess- 
 ment roll of tlie county, showing the amount and kind of 
 property so assessed, and certify the same to the county 
 treasurer. Tlic county treasurer shall proceed to collect the 
 tax in tfie same manner, and at the same time, and with the 
 same power and authority to enforce ])ayment of the same, as 
 in the case of county and state taxes. Tlie county treasurer 
 h1i:i1I place any tax so collected to tlie credit of the district to 
 wliicli it licloiigs. 
 
 I I'I'I.K Ml. i:i,K('ll(>NS. 
 
 Skc. r,4. I Sec. IH, ch. I'J7, Laws IKUI, and sec. C, ch. 100, 
 Laws lH<i:i. ] The election of district directors and clerks shall 
 be licld on the second Monday in June of each year, at the
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 33 
 
 district schoolhouse, if there be one, or if there be none or if 
 
 there be more than one, then at a place to be desio;nated by 
 
 the board of directors. Special school elections shall be Special eiec- 
 
 called and conducted in the manner provided for calling and called. 
 
 conducting annual elections. 
 
 Sec. 55. The district clerk must at least give ten days' Notkeof an- 
 
 » •' nual election. 
 
 notice of such election, by posting, or by causing to be posted, 
 written or printed notices thereof in at least three public 
 places in the district, one of which must be the place of hold- 
 ing the election. Said notice must designate the place of 
 holding the election, day of holding the election, hours be- 
 tween which polls are to be kept open, names of ofhces for 
 which persons are to be elected, and terms of office, with a 
 statement of any other questions which the board of directors 
 may desire to submit to the electors of said district. Notices 
 must be signed by the district clerk "By order of the board 
 of directors." Unless otherwise designated in the notice of Polls nm.st be 
 
 ^-^ open, AViicii. 
 
 election, the polls shall be open at one o'clock in the after- 
 noon and close at four o'clock in the afternoon, but the board 
 of directors may, previous to giving notice of election, deter- 
 mine on a longer time during which the polls shall be kept 
 open: Provided, That in no case shall the polls be opened 
 before nine o'clock in the forenoon nor kept open later than 
 eight o'clock in the afternoon. In no case shall the polls be 
 opened before the hour named in the notice, nor kept open 
 after the hour fixed for closing the polls, but if there is not a 
 sufficient number of electors present at the hour named for 
 opening the polls to constitute a board of election, it shall be 
 lawful to open the polls as soon thereafter as a sufficient num- 
 ber of electors is present: Provided, That in cities and incor- Poiis in cities. 
 po rated towns the polls shall open not later than one o'clock 
 p. M. and close not earlier than eight o'clock p. m. 
 
 Sec. 56. At the hour fixed for opening the polls the electors ^i^e^^ion'bfaid 
 present shall select two electors to act as judges of the elec- 
 tion and one elector to act as clerk of the election, and the 
 three selected shall constitute the election board; and no elec- 
 tion shall be held unless a sufficient number of electors is 
 present to constitute the board. The iudges and clerk afore- Election offi- 
 
 i: JO cers must take 
 
 said shall, before entering upon the duties of their office, sev- oath. 
 erally take and subscribe an oath or affirmation faithfully to 
 discharge the duties as such officers of the election, said oath 
 or affirmation to be administered by any school officer or other 
 —3
 
 34 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Ballot : man- 
 ner of voting. 
 
 Clerk must re- 
 cord names. 
 
 Wlio are legal 
 voters. 
 
 Challenge. 
 
 Oath of chal- 
 lenged voter. 
 
 Penalty for 
 illegal voting. 
 
 CloHing ]«)1In. 
 
 Counting 
 ballotH. 
 
 person authorized to administer oaths. The judges shall, 
 before they commence receiving ballots, cause to be pro- 
 claimed aloud at the place of voting that the polls are now 
 open. 
 
 Sec. 57. The voting shall be by ballot. The ballots shall 
 be a paper ticket, containing the names of the persons for 
 whom the electors intend to vote, and designating the office to 
 which such person so named is intended by him to be chosen. 
 Whenever any person offers to vote, one of the judges shall 
 pronounce his name in an audible voice, and if there be no 
 objections to the qualification to [of] such person as an elector, 
 he shall receive the ballot in the presence of the election board 
 and deposit the same, without being opened or examined, in 
 the ballot box, and the clerk shall immediately enter the name 
 upon the list headed "Names of voters." 
 
 Sec. 58. Every person, male or female, over the age of 
 twenty-one years, who shall have resided in the school district 
 for thirty days immediately preceding any school election, and 
 in the state one year, and is otherwise, except as to sex, quali- 
 fied to vote at any general election, shall be a legal voter of any 
 school election, and no other person shall be allowed to vote. 
 Persons offering to vote may be challenged by any legally 
 qualified school elector of the district, and one of the judges 
 of election shall thereupon administer to the person challenged 
 an oath, in substance as follows: "You do swear (or affirm) 
 that you are a citizen of the United States, or have declared 
 your intention to become such; that you are twenty-one years 
 of age, according to your information and belief, and that you 
 have resided in this district thirty days next preceding this 
 election, and in the state one year, and that you have not voted 
 before on this day." If he shall refuse to take the oath, his 
 vote shall be rejected. Any person guilty of illegal voting 
 shall be punished as provided in the general election laws of 
 the state. 
 
 Sec. 59. When the polls are closed, proclamation thereof 
 shall be made at the place of Yoting, and no vote shall after- 
 ward be received. As soon as the polls are closed, the judges 
 shall ()))ori the l)allot l)ox and (commence counting the votes, 
 and in no case shall (lie box be removed from the room in 
 which llie election is held until all ihe votes are counted. 
 The counting shall he in imMic. 'I'lie ballots shall be taken 
 out one by one, by one ol' ilic judges, who shall open them 
 and read aloud tlic name ol each person contained therein.
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 35 
 
 and the office for which such person was voted for. The clerk 
 shall write down each office to be filled and the name of each 
 person voted for [for] such office, and shall keep the number of 
 votes by tallies as they are read aloud by one of the judges. 
 The counting of the votes shall continue without adjourn- 
 ment until all the votes are counted. No ticket shall be re- ]l"l^^^^^'^^ 
 jected on account of form or mistake in the initials of names, 
 if the judges can determine to their satisfaction the person 
 voted for and the office intended. 
 
 Sec. 60. Persons having the highest number of votes given J^^^i^""^ 
 for each office shall be declared duly elected, and the clerk of 
 election shall immediately make out and deliver to each per- ^"■*,|,^tfon'' 
 son so elected a certificate of election. The clerk of election 
 shall also make out a certificate showing the persons elected 
 to each office at such election, with oath of office of persons 
 elected attached, and mail such certificate to the county su- 
 perintendent of schools of the county in which the election is 
 held. If two persons have an equal and highest number of Tie vote, 
 votes for one and the same office, they shall, within ten days 
 after the election, appear before the clerk of election of said 
 district and publicly decide by lot which of the persons so 
 having an equal number of votes shall be declared elected, 
 and the clerk of election shall make out and deliver to the 
 person thus declared elected a certificate of his election, and 
 notify the county superintendent of the county as before pro- 
 vided. If the persons above named do not, within ten days 
 after election, thus decide, the office shall be declared vacant, 
 and the county superintendent shall, when notified of the va- 
 cancy, fill the same by appointment. 
 
 TITLE XIII. UNION SCHOOLS. 
 
 Sec. 6L [Sec. 19, ch. 127, Laws 1891.1 Whenever the resi- Howestab- 
 
 L ' ... . lished. 
 
 dents of two or more school districts may wish to unite for 
 the purpose of establishing a union or graded school, the 
 clerks of said districts, by order of the boards of directors, 
 shall, upon a written or printed petition of five or more heads 
 of families of their respective districts, call a meeting of the 
 voters of such districts at some convenient place, by posting 
 written or printed notices in like manner as is provided for 
 calling annual school district elections; and if a majority of 
 the voters of each district shall vote to unite for the purpose 
 herein stated, the boards of directors of the several districts 
 so votino; to unite shall constitute the board of directors of
 
 30 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 I'liion district 
 board, consists 
 of whom. 
 
 Powers of 
 union board. 
 
 Keport to 
 county super- 
 intendent. 
 
 Course of 
 study. 
 
 Exitenses, 
 liow paid. 
 
 such union district, and shall within ten days thereafter meet 
 and organize by electing one of their number president of the 
 board, and selecting a clerk for such union district; and the 
 clerk and president chosen at such meeting shall hold their 
 respective offices until the next annual school district election 
 and until their successors are elected; and the election of 
 Dresident and clerk shall occur annually thereafter, on the 
 second Saturday next succeeding the annual school district 
 election. 
 
 Sec. 62. [Sec. 20, ch. 12'7, Laws 1891.] The board of direc- 
 tors and clerk provided for in the preceding section shall, in 
 all matters relating to the union or graded schools of such 
 districts, possess all the powers, discharge all the duties and 
 be goverened by the laws herein provided for school disti'ict 
 officers, and the clerk of such union district shall, immediately 
 upon his election, inform the county superintendent of the or- 
 ganization of the district. 
 
 Sec. 63. [Sec. 21, ch. 127, Laws 1891.] The directors of such 
 union districts shall determine what grade or grades of pupils 
 shall attend such union schools, and shall determine the course 
 of study that shall be pursued in such schools: Provided, That 
 such course of study shall not be inconsistent with the laws of 
 this state; and all expenses of such union school shall be 
 borne by the districts so uniting in proportion to the amount 
 of funds apportioned to each district by the county superin- 
 tendent, and the board of directors of each district shall issue 
 the warrants of their districts for such amounts. 
 
 Ijmitx of 
 cliHtrict. 
 
 CliiinKcof 
 bonridiirii'H 
 !)>■ iticorpo 
 
 TITLE XIV. (iRADED SCHOOLS IN INCORPORATED CITIES ANI> 
 
 TOWNS. 
 
 Si:(^ 04. [Sec, 22, ch. 127, Laws 1891.] p]ach incorporated 
 city or town in the state shall be com[)risod in one school dis- 
 trict, ami shall l)e un<ler the control of one board of directors: 
 Proridcil, I'liat nothing in this section shall be so construed 
 as to prevent the extension of such city or town district a rea- 
 sonable distance beyond the limits of such city or town: And 
 provh led further, That nothing in this section shall be so con- 
 strued as to change or disturb the boundaries of any school 
 distri(;t organized prior to the incoi-poration of any city or 
 town, except in cases of the incorporation of cities or towns 
 lying partly in two or more hcIiooI districts organized ])rior to 
 thcr iiic<»r|ioi-at ion of such city or town, or of the extension of 
 the l)oniidarics of cities or t<»wns bcvond the limits of the
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 37 
 
 school districts in which they are situated, or in cases where 
 two or more cities or towns unite, as provided by law; and in 
 all such city or town districts, where the number of children of 
 school age is sufficient to require the employment of more 
 than one teacher, the board of directors shall designate one 
 of such teachers as principal, and such principal shall have ,^f '"P^*/ 
 general supervision over the several departments of his school. 
 The school or schools in such city or town districts shall be 
 graded in such manner as the directors thereof shall deem 
 best suited to the wants and conditions of such districts: 
 Provided, That the course of study established for such dis- ^^^^^^'^^ 
 tricts shall not be inconsistent with the laws of this state. 
 
 Sec. 65. [Sec. 23, ch. 127, Laws 1891.1 The directors ofP>tysupe>- 
 
 L ' ' J intendent. 
 
 such city or town districts wherein two or more schools are 
 maintained shall elect one city or town school superintendent, 
 who may be a teacher in the schools of such district, and such 
 city or town school superintendent shall have general super- 
 vision over the schools of his district, subject to the concur- 
 rence of the board of directors: and it shall be the duty of ^^p''''^'^"''": 
 
 ' •' perintendent 
 
 the principal or city school superintendent to report to the s4,^"t^o,^ '"" 
 
 superintendent of public instruction such facts relative to the 
 
 grading, course of study, enrollment, attendance and other 
 
 matters pertaining to such schools as he may require, on blanks 
 
 furnished for that purpose. 
 
 Skc. 06. [Sec. 24, ch. 12", Laws 1891.] When two or more Jj^^'"fj,9tof *" 
 
 school districts are united by the provisions of this act, or "m^^ed. 
 
 where two or more districts are united by the uniting of two 
 
 or more incorporated cities or towns, as provided by law, all 
 
 the directors of the several districts so united shall constitute 
 
 the board of directors of the new district so formed, and shall 
 
 have all the powers and authority conferred by the laws of 
 
 this state upon school district officers until the next annual 
 
 school election in said district, at which time there shall be 
 
 elected three directors and one clerk for said district, in the 
 
 manner provided by law, who shall hold their respective offices 
 
 as provided for the officers of new districts; and the county Duties of 
 
 ^ _ _ . . county super- 
 
 superintendent of any county in which new districts are intendent 
 
 ^ _ •' •' _ wlien districts 
 
 formed by the uniting of two or more cities or towns, or by are united. 
 the incorporating of any city or town lying partly in two or 
 more school districts, shall, upon being notified of such action 
 by the clerk or by the board of directors of such new district, 
 proceed to designate such new district by number and to make 
 a record of the boundaries thereof, and he shall certify such
 
 38 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Funds and 
 other property 
 of united dis- 
 tricts. 
 
 Directors must 
 meet and or- 
 ganize within 
 thirty days. 
 
 Clerk must 
 report. 
 
 facts to the board of county commissioners, the county treas- 
 urer and the clerk of the new district thus formed. 
 
 Sec. eV. [Sec. 25, ch. 127, Laws 189L] All school districts 
 formed by the uniting of two or more city or town districts, 
 as provided for in this act, shall be entitled to the funds and 
 other public property of the several school districts so united, 
 and the county superintendent shall apportion all funds to the 
 new district in accordance with this provision and shall cer- 
 tify such apportionment to the county treasurer. 
 
 Sec. 68. [Sec. 26, ch. 127, Laws 1891.] Whenever two or 
 more school districts shall be united by the provisions of this 
 act, the boards of directors of the several districts so united 
 shall, within thirty days thereafter, meet and organize the new 
 board by the election of one of their number president of the 
 board. They shall also elect a clerk for said district, and the 
 clerks of the several districts so united shall deliver to said 
 clerk all books, papers and records belonging to their respec- 
 tive offices. The clerk of the new district thus formed shall 
 immediately notify the county superintendent of the organi- 
 zation of the new district. 
 
 TITLE XV. 
 
 SCHOOL OFFICEKS. 
 
 Oath of scliool 
 officers. 
 
 School officers gj.^ gg When auv school officcr is superseded, by election 
 
 must turn over J 1 ' j 
 
 all property to qj. otherwise, he shall immediately deliver to his successor in 
 
 successor. ' J 
 
 office all books, papers and moneys pertaining to his office, and 
 every officer who shall refuse to do so, or who shall willfully 
 mutilate or destroy any such books or papers, or any part 
 thereof, or who shall misapply moneys entrusted to him by 
 virtue of liis office, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, 
 and shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a tine not 
 to exceed one hundred dollars. 
 
 Sec. 70. Every ))erson elected or appointed to any office 
 mentioned in this act shall, before entering upon the discharge-, 
 of the duties thereof, take an oath or affirmation to support the 
 (ronstitution of tlie United States and the State of Washing- 
 ton, and to promote the interest of education, and faithfully 
 discharge the duties of his office according to the best of his 
 ability. In case any offi<'cr has a written ap|t()iiilinent or com- 
 mis.sion, liis oatli or allirmatioii shall be endorsed thereon and 
 Hworii to before any olVuier niilliorized to administer oaths. 
 •■H Sclujol ollicerH arc lior(!by authorized to administer all oaths 
 or affirniatioiiH appertaining to their respective offices with- 
 out charge or fee. 
 
 HrliMol f>m 
 ■ luiy iidniiiiiH- 
 tcr oiitliM
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 39 
 
 Sec. 70^. [Sec. 7, ch. 109, Laws 1893.] Every school dis- ^^^t';^rf;Y,au" 
 trict director or clerk shall, on assuming the duties of his of- flie signature, 
 fice, place his signature, certified to by some school district 
 officer, on file in the office of the county treasurer; and it shall 
 be unlawful for any county treasurer to pay or register any 
 school district warrant if the signatures thereon are not on file 
 in his office or do not correspond to the certified signatures 
 therein filed. 
 
 TITLE XVI. COUNTY TREASURER. 
 
 Sec. 71. [Sec. 27, ch. 127, Laws 1891, and sec. 8, ch. 109, 
 Laws 1893.] The county treasurers of the several counties 
 of this state shall be ex officio treasurers of the several school 
 districts of their respective counties, and it shall be the duty 
 of each county treasurer — First: To receive and hold all To^^^cehe and 
 moneys belonging to such school districts, and to pay them *^''""' '"°"*^y- 
 out upon warrants or orders of the boards of directors 
 or boards of education of the districts to which they be- 
 long. Second: To certify to the county superintendent of ^^te to^'county 
 common schools of his county, within twenty days after the |",'t fj^arteriy. 
 day on which taxes become delinquent each year, and quar- 
 terly thereafter, the amount of all school moneys in his 
 possession subject to apportionment, which cei'titicate shall 
 specify the source or sources from which said moneys 
 were derived. Third: To make annually, on or before ^J"^J',o'^ *^pg^_ 
 the fifteenth day of July, a report to the county superin- j"|.^JJy^"4at." 
 tendent of his county, which report shall show the amount 
 of school funds on hand at the beginning of the school 
 year last past, belonging to each school district; the amount 
 of funds placed to the credit of each school district 
 during the school year ending June 30, last past, and the 
 sources from which said funds were derived; the amount of 
 funds disbursed upon orders or warrants of each school dis- 
 trict during the year, and for what purpose they were paid 
 out; the amount of funds remaining in his possession at the 
 close of the school year, subject to be paid out upon warrants 
 of school district officers, and the fund to which said moneys 
 belong; also the amount of all unpaid warrants or bonds ap- 
 pearing upon his register at the close of the school year: 
 Provided, That if, at the time of making such annual report, 
 the treasurer shall find that the money accruing to the credit 
 of any school district by reason of the quarterly apportionments 
 of the county superintendent shall exceed the amount appor- 
 tioned to such district at the last quarterly apportionment next
 
 40 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Register all 
 warrants. 
 
 Enciorsenicnt 
 of waiTiints. 
 
 Advertise 
 warrants. 
 
 Must 1h- held. 
 
 Mav )»■ li<-l<l. 
 
 Diinition ol'. 
 
 ('oiii|i<-riHiiliiin 
 
 of tCHclKT I'OII- 
 lillllCH. 
 
 KX|>CI1M<><. 
 
 mIiiiII not •' 
 «<-«tl V2(M), 
 
 following the date on which taxes become delinquent, then 
 the treasurer shall restore such excess to the general school 
 fund of the county to be reapportioned, and shall designate in 
 his report the amount so restored. Fourth: He shall keep 
 a register of all school district warrants presented to him for 
 payment, which register shall show the number of the war- 
 rant, the date of issue and the day on which it was registered, 
 the amount, and the purpose for which it was issued, to whom 
 issued and to whom paid, and the amount of interest, if any, 
 accruing on said warrant before payment. Whenever any 
 school district warrant shall be presented to the county treas- 
 urer for payment, if properly signed, he shall pay the same 
 out of the proper fund of the district upon which it is issued, 
 if there be funds in his possession for that purpose; but if 
 there be no funds in his possession for that purpose, he shall 
 endorse upon the back of said warrant the words "Presented 
 and not paid for want of funds," together with the date of 
 said endorsement, and thereafter said warrant shall draw inter- 
 est at the same rate as county warrants, until there shall be 
 sufficient funds for its j^ayment; and it is hereby made the 
 duty of the county treasurer to advertise, quarterly, all war- 
 rants which he is prepared to pay, in the same manner in 
 which he is required to advertise county warrants, and after 
 the date fixed in said notice said warrants shall cease to draw 
 interest. 
 
 TITI.K XVII. — teachers' INSTITUTE. 
 
 Sec. 72. Whenever the number of school districts in any 
 county is twenty-five or more, the county superintendent must 
 hold a teachers' institute each year, and every teacher em- 
 ployed in a common school in the county must attend such 
 institute during its whole time. 
 
 Sec. 73. In any county where there are less than twenty- 
 five scliool districts, the county su})erintendent niay, in his 
 discretion, hold an institute. 
 
 Sec. 74. I^^ach session of the institute must continue not 
 less than tlirce days. 
 
 Sec. 7.5. W'licn the institute is held during tlie time the 
 t(;a('lH;i's are eriipK>yed in teaching, their pay shall not be 
 diminislied l)y reason of tluiir attendance when certified to by 
 the county superintendent. 
 
 Ski . 7(1. The county superintendent must keej) an accurate 
 account of the ac^tual expenses of the institute, with vouchers 
 for the same, ami j)res('nt the bill to the county (commission-
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 41 
 
 ers, who sliall allow the same: Provided, That such amount 
 shall not exceed the sum of two hundred dollars for any year. 
 
 Sec. V?. Any teacher failing to attend the institute in the |:jf/J^^;\'g*; "*" 
 county in which he holds a certificate to teach, unless on ac- 
 count of sickness, or for other good and sufficient reasons, 
 shall be deemed to have forfeited his certificate. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 Sec. 78. Whenever the word he or his occurs in this act, ^'/^^","i""^„\'f 
 referring to either the members of the board of education, stmcd. 
 county superintendents, city superintendents, teachers, or 
 other school officers, it shall be understood to mean also she 
 or her. 
 
 Sec. 79. Any series of text books adopted by the board of Textbooks, 
 education shall remain in use not less than five years. 
 
 Sec. 80. All school districts in this state shall maintain fJi,^thof\erm. 
 school during at least three months each year. All graded 
 school districts in incorporated cities and towns shall main- 
 tain school at least six months each school year, and no district 
 which has been organized more than one year shall receive 
 any portion of the school funds which has not, during the 
 preceding school year, complied with the provisions of this 
 section. 
 
 Sec. 81. All parents, guardians and other persons in this ^t"^\\oo\"^® 
 state having, or who may hereafter have, immediate custody compulsory, 
 of any child or children between the ages of eight and fifteen 
 years, shall send the same to school at least three months in 
 each year said child or children may remain under their 
 supervision. 
 
 Sec. 82. Any person mentioned in the preceding sections ^f,"f,.g-^J'^enf, 
 who shall fail or refuse to comply with the provisions of said ^^j^^'j^ " **^ 
 sections shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon 
 conviction thereof shall be fined in any sura not less than ten 
 (10) dollars or more than twenty-five (25) dollars, and the 
 fine so collected shall be paid into the school fund of the 
 district. 
 
 Sec. 83. District clerks shall report to the superior judge Report of clerk 
 
 i i "I ^ to superior 
 
 before the first day of December of each year the name and .i"c'ge. 
 residence of every orphan child that failed to attend school, 
 and the superior judge shall have power to remove such child 
 and place it in the care of some other person who will be likely 
 to send such child to school. 
 
 Sec. 84. Nothing in this act shall be construed to invalidate
 
 42 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Contracts 
 made and 
 certificates 
 granted un- 
 der territorial 
 laws valid. 
 
 Specialists 
 need not pass 
 examination. 
 
 Penalty for 
 abuse of 
 teacher. 
 
 Penalty for 
 disturbing 
 scbool or 
 school nieet- 
 inK- 
 
 County audi- 
 tor must re- 
 port to super- 
 intendent jjub- 
 lie instruction, 
 what. 
 
 Kincs mid for- 
 fciturcM, how 
 foll«clcd,h<iw 
 applied. 
 
 life diplomas or territorial certificates granted under the laws 
 of the Territory of Washington, but the same shall continue 
 in effect the same as life diplomas and state certificates granted 
 under the provisions of this act, and all county certificates 
 heretofore granted by any county board of examiners shall 
 continue in full force and effect until the expiration thereof; 
 and any contract made in good faith by any teacher, school 
 officer or other person under the provisions of the territorial 
 school law is hereby recognized as a valid contract, the same 
 as if made under the provisions of this act. 
 
 Sec. 85. Specialists in music, languages, drawing and paint- 
 ing shall not be required to pass a regular teachers' examina- 
 tion: Provided^ That satisfactory evidence of fitness to teach 
 these branches is furnished to the board of directors. 
 
 Sec. 86. Any parent, guardian or other person who shall 
 insult or abuse a teacher in the presence of the school, or any- 
 Avhere on school grounds or premises, shall be deemed guilty 
 of a misdemeanor, and liable to a fine of not less than ten 
 dollars nor more than one hundred dollars. 
 
 Sec. 87. Any person who shall willfully disturb any school 
 or school meeting shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and 
 upon conviction be fined in any sum not less than fifty dollars. 
 
 Sec. 88. [Sec. 28, ch. 127, Laws 1891.] It shall be the duty 
 of the county auditor to report to the superintendent of pub- 
 lic instruction the name and postoftice address of the county 
 suj)erintendent as soon as his election or appointment is de- 
 termined. He shall also, on or before the first day of Sep- 
 tember of each year, report to said superintendent the amount 
 paid to the county sui)erintendent of his county as salary, 
 mileage and per diem in visiting schools during the last scliool 
 year, and the amount j)aid to county examiners of teachers as 
 mileage and per diem in the examination of teachers during 
 the last year. lie shall also, on or before the first day of 
 September of eacli year, report to the superintendent of public 
 instruction the number of mills on the dollar levied by the 
 county ccjmmissioners of liis county for the sii|)port of scliools 
 for tiie currcuit school y(!ar. 
 
 Sicr. H'.i. All tines, p(Mialties and foi'feitures provided by this 
 act iriay !)(• rocovcrcid by action of debt, in the name of the 
 pcoph' of the Stat(^ of W'asliington, for tiic use of the |)roper 
 school (listrict or county, and shall, when they atx-rue, belong 
 to the rcspectivi; distric^ts or counties in which the same may 
 have l)een incuiTcil; Miid tlicconntv ti'easurcrs of their coun-
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 43 
 
 ties are hereby authorized to receive and cause to be placed to 
 the proper credit such forfeitures. Excej)t as otherwise pro- 
 vided by law, all sums of money derived from fines imposed 
 for violations of orders of injunction, mandamus, and other 
 like writs, or for contempt of court, shall be paid into the 
 school fund of the county wherein the contempt or such viola- 
 tion was committed; and the clear proceeds of all fines 
 collected within the several counties of the state for breach 
 of the penal laws, and all funds arising from the sale of lost 
 goods and estrays, shall be paid over in cash by the person col- 
 lecting the same, within twenty days after the collection, to 
 the county treasurer of the county in which the same have ac- 
 crued, and shall be by him credited to the general county 
 school fund. He shall indicate in such entry the source from 
 which such money was derived. Any officer or person col- fotiure'to^"'^ 
 lecting or recieving any such fines, forfeitures or other moneys, J^'^^'^fu^y 
 and refusing or failing to pay over the same, as required by treasurer. 
 law, shall forfeit double the amount so withheld, and interest 
 thereon at the rate of five per cent, per month during the 
 time of so withholding the same; and it shall be a special duty 
 of the county superintendent of schools to supervise and see 
 that the provisions of this section are fully complied with, and 
 report thereon to the county commissioners semi-annually, 
 or often er. 
 
 Sec. 90. Upon complaint in writing beinsr made to any Piiysioiogy 
 
 '- ^ o o J and hygiene, 
 
 county superintendent by any district clerk, or by any head P^^V^'^y/o*" 
 
 '' i J J T J J failure to have 
 
 of family, that the board of directors of the district of which same taught. 
 said clerk shall hold his office, or said head of family shall re- 
 side, have failed to make j^rovision for the teaching of hy- 
 giene, with special reference to the effects of alcoholic drink, 
 stimulants and narcotics upon the human system, as provided 
 in this act, in the common schools of such district, it shall be 
 the duty of such county superintendent to at once investigate 
 the matter of such complaints, and if found to be true, he 
 shall immediately notify the county treasurer of the county 
 in which such school district is located, and after the receipt 
 of such notice, it shall be the duty of such county treasurer to 
 refuse to pay any warrants drawn upon him by the board of 
 directors of such district, subsequent to the date of such 
 notice, and until he shall be notified to do so by such county 
 superintendent. Whenever it shall be made to appear to the 
 said county superintendent, and he shall be satisfied, that the 
 board of directors of such district are complying with the pro-
 
 44 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Penalty at- 
 taching to 
 county super- 
 intendent for 
 failure to en- 
 force law. 
 
 Repeal of 
 former laws. 
 
 Emergency. 
 
 visions of said section of this act, and are causing physiology 
 and hygiene to be taught in the public schools of such district, 
 as hereinbefore provided, he shall notify said county treasurer, 
 and said treasurer shall thereupon honor the warrants of said 
 board of directors. 
 
 Sec. 9L Any county superintendent of common schools 
 who shall fail or refuse to comply with the provisions of the 
 preceding section shall be liable to a penalty of one hundred 
 dollars, to be recovered in a civil action in the name of the 
 state in any court of competent jurisdiction, and the sura re- 
 covered shall go into the common school fund of the county 
 in which suit is brought; and it shall be the duty of the prose- 
 cuting attorneys of the sevei'al counties of the state to see that 
 the provisions of this section are enforced. 
 
 Sec. 92. All acts and parts of acts upon any subject matter 
 contained in this act shall be and the same are hereby repealed: 
 Providing, That nothing herein contained shall repeal or in 
 any wise affect any law passed, or which may be passed dur- 
 ing the present session of the legislature, relating to schools 
 in cities having a population of ten thousand or upwards. 
 
 Sec. 93. Whereas, many new conditions exist with regard 
 to the common schools of the state, and the appointment and 
 confirmation of the members of the board of education, and 
 the first meeting of said board requires the immediate taking 
 effect of this act: therefore, an emergency is declared to exist, 
 and this act shall take effect and be in force from and after 
 its passage and approval by the governor. 
 
 Approved March 27, 1800.
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 45 
 
 COMMON SCHOOLS IN CITIES OF TEN THOU- 
 SAND OR MORE INHABITANTS. 
 
 An Act to establish a system of common schools in cities of ten 
 thousand or more inhabitants, and to provide for properly main- 
 taining, governing and grading the same. 
 
 J3e it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Washington : 
 Section 1. Whenever any incorporated city in this state 
 shall have a population of ten thousand or more inhabitants, 
 as shown by any regular or special census, together with any 
 adjacent or contiguous territory that now is or may be here- 
 after attached to said city for school purposes, it shall consti- 
 tute one school district, and be known by the name •' Titieof 
 
 ' _ _ "^ district. 
 
 [name of city] school district No. — " in county. State 
 
 of Washington, and the board of directors shall constitute the 
 city board of education, and as such, in that name shall be a 
 body corporate and possess all the usual powers of a corpora- Body cor- 
 tion for public purposes, and in that name and style may sue 
 and be sued, purchase, hold and sell such personal and real 
 estate, and enter into such obligations as are authorized by 
 law; and the title to all school buildings or other property. Public prop- 
 real or personal, owned by any school district within the cor- 
 porate limits of any city shall, upon the organization of a 
 district under the provisions of this act, vest immediately in 
 the new district; and the board of directors by this act pro- 
 vided shall have exclusive control of the same for all the pur- 
 poses herein contemplated. 
 
 Sec. 2. The said board of education shall consist of five Board of di- 
 rectors shaU 
 members, who shall be elected by ballot by the qualified elec- consist of 
 
 , , five members. 
 
 tors of the district, and shall hold their offices for the term of 
 three (3) years, and until their successors are elected and quali- 
 fied: Provided, That the board or boards of directors, should 
 there be more than one in any city to which the provisions of 
 this act apply, shall continue to serve out their unexpired term 
 and shall constitute the board of education of the school dis- 
 trict, as provided for in this act: Provided, That at the first Election of 
 
 '■ directors. 
 
 regular election, and annually thereafter, there shall be elected 
 one or more directors as may be necessary to perpetuate a 
 a board of five members for the full term of three years. 
 
 Sec. 3. The regular district election for the election of mem- Annual 
 
 " _ election. 
 
 bers of the board of education shall be held annually in each 
 district contemplated by this act on the first Saturday of No-
 
 46 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 vember. The board of education shall cause written or printed 
 Notice of. notices to be posted, specifying the day and the places of such 
 election, and the time during which the ballot box shall be kept 
 open; not less, however, than six (6) hours. Said notices 
 shall be posted in at least three (3) places in the district at 
 least twenty (20) days previous to the time of the election. 
 Said notices shall also be published for the same length of 
 time in two daily papers published in the district, and if there 
 be no daily or dailies, then in the weekly paper or papers in 
 three (3) regular issues next preceding the day of such elec- 
 tion. If the board of education fail to give notice at such 
 Five legal time, as herein provided, then any five (5) legal voters resid- 
 
 voters may _' ^ '^ _ . . 
 
 give notice. i^g in tJig district may give such notice over their own names, 
 and such election may be held after the day fixed by this act 
 for such election. All elections shall be by ballot, and in 
 
 Polls open. the absence of any notice specifying the hour, the ballot box 
 shall be open at 2 o'clock p. m. and be closed at 8 p. m. 
 
 Voting places. Sec. 4. The board of education, at a regular meeting, shall 
 determine the number and location of the voting places, and 
 
 Directors shall shall also be judges of said election, with authority to appoint 
 additional judges and cl'erks of election, who shall observe 
 and cause to be obseiwed at such election all the election laws 
 of this state applicable thereto. Should any of the judges 
 
 Electors may \yQ absent at the opening of the polls, the electors present 
 
 choose judges. i o i ^ i 
 
 shall appoint a legal voter, who, upon taking oath, shall be 
 qualified to fill the vacancy. 
 Canvass ^^0. 5. The boai'd of education shall immediately, upon 
 
 of vote. - ' '■ 
 
 closing the polls, if there be but one voting place, proceed to 
 count the votes, and shall issue certificates of election in ac- 
 cordance with the results. J>ut if there be more than one 
 voting ]jlace, then the board of education shall receive the re- 
 turns at the time and place it shall direct, and shall, within 
 five (5) days from said election, meet as a canvassing board, 
 and in the ])resence of any duly (|iialified justice of the peace 
 in and for said county, canvass the returns and ascertain the 
 result. The result of said election shall be certified by the 
 Kicotion hoard l,(,;iiil of election to llic county scliool sui»erintendent, who 
 
 mtiHt certify . _ *' . ' . 
 
 rcmiit. shall preserve said eortilicatc, entering u])()n his records the 
 
 receij)t of said certiticate and the names of the person or per- 
 sons elected as iiieiiilxTS of siicli boaid of education for said 
 district, togetlier with the term for which elected. 
 
 pcfHoiiH <iic- Sicc. f). That all persons elected as members of the board of 
 
 t<!d iniiMt(|iml- 
 
 ify witjiiii toil cducalioii shall, within ten ( Kt) days thereafter, a|>i)car before 
 
 duyg. J J II
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 47 
 
 some officer authorized to administer oaths, take and sub- 
 scribe the usual oath of office, and deliver the same to the 
 county superintendent of schools. In case any person elected vacancy, 
 shall fail so to do, his election shall be void, and the vacancy 
 occasioned thereby shall be filled by the board as hereinafter 
 provided. 
 
 Sec. 1 . The members of each board of education, at their organization 
 
 of board of 
 
 first regular meeting succeeding the election each year, shall education, 
 also elect a president and vice president from their number, 
 who shall serve for a term of one year, or until their succes- 
 sors are elected. They shall elect annually a secretary, at 
 such salary as they, the board, may deem lust. Said secretary secietai •>• not 
 
 •' J ' ' . J ^ J .^ member of. 
 
 shall not be a member of the board of education, and may be 
 removed by the board at any time. 
 
 Sec. 8. The election of the officers of the board of educa- Kiection of 
 
 city superin- 
 
 tion, the city superintendent, the secretary, teachers and jani- tendent, etc. 
 tors, shall be by viva voce vote upon a call of the roll of all 
 the members, and no person shall be declared elected except 
 he receive a majority vote of all the members of the board. 
 
 Sec. 9. It shall be the duty of the president to preside at Duties of 
 
 president. 
 
 all meetmgs of the board, and to perform such other duties as 
 the board may prescribe. 
 
 Sec. 10. It shall be the duty of the vice president to per- Duties of vice 
 
 president. 
 
 form all the duties of the president in case of his absence or 
 disability. 
 
 Sec. 11. It shall be the duty of the secretary to be present Duties of 
 
 . secretary. 
 
 at all the meetmgs of the board, to keep an accui'ate journal 
 of the proceedings, to take charge of its books and docu- 
 ments, to countersign all warrants for school moneys drawn 
 upon the county treasurer by order of the board; he may be 
 authorized by the board of education to purchase needed sup- 
 plies for the schools, and also shall act as superintendent of 
 buildings, and shall be charged with the special care of the 
 school buildings of the district; he shall also perform such 
 other duties as the board may direct. 
 
 Sec. 12. Before entering upon the discharge of his duties, secretary must 
 
 ® ^ =■ ' give bond. 
 
 the secretary of the board shall give bonds in such sum as the 
 board of education may fix from time to time, but not less 
 than five thousand dollars ($5,000), with good and sufficient 
 sureties, and shall take and subscribe an oath or affirmation, 
 before a proper officer, that he will support the constitution 
 of Washington, and faithfully perform the duties of his office. 
 He shall, from time to time, as he may be required by the
 
 County treas- 
 urer shall be 
 ex ofHoio treas 
 urer of district 
 
 48 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Must report board, make a complete and detailed record of his transcations 
 
 to board. '■ 
 
 as purchasing agent of the board and as superintendent of 
 buildings, which shall be combined with his annual report, to 
 be published in the manner determined by the board. 
 Meetings gj;^. 1-3. The regular meetings of the board of education 
 
 of board. =" ° 
 
 shall be held monthly at such a time as the by-laws of the 
 board may prescribe, but special meetings may be held from 
 time to time as circumstances may demand, at the call of the 
 board, or on petition of a majority of the members thereof, 
 and all meetings shall be open to the public unless otherwise 
 specially ordered. 
 
 Office. Sec. 14. The board of education shall maintain an office 
 
 Avhere all regular meetings shall be held, and all records, 
 vouchers and other important papers belonging to the board 
 may be preserved, and at all times ready for inspection of resi- 
 dent taxpayers. 
 
 Sec. 15. The county treasurer shall be the e:c officio treasurer 
 of the board of education; he shall prepare and submit to the 
 secretary, in writing, on the first day of March, May, August 
 and November of each year, a report of the state of the finances, 
 and shall pay school moneys placed to the credit of the district 
 only upon warrants signed by the president or by a majority of 
 the board of education and countersigned by the secretary. 
 
 yacancie.K gj.(^,_ jg 'pjjg board of directors shall have the power to 
 
 111 board. ^ 
 
 fill any vacancy which may occur in its body, but such ap- 
 ])ointment to fill vacancy shall be valid only until the next 
 regular district election, and the ballots and returns shall be 
 designated as follows: "To fill unexpired term." 
 
 •iiK.runi. Sec. 17. a majority of all members of the board of educa- 
 
 tion shall constitute a quorum, but a less number in attendance 
 at any regular meeting shall have, and a quorum at any special 
 meeting may have, power to compel the attendance of absent 
 meml)ers, in such manner and under such penalties as the board 
 
 Korfeitiirc ,Qay gee fit to prescribe; and the absence of any member from 
 
 i>f oflicc. J I ' ^ 
 
 four consecutive regular meetings of the board, unless on ac- 
 count of sickness, or V)y resolution of the board, shall vacate 
 liis |)OHitioii ill tlu; board, which facts shall be passed on by 
 llif Itoaid of (Miiicatiou and spread upon their records. 
 \u.iiiinK<<,ii.- Si.i . |s. All accounts shall be audited and aj)proved l)y a 
 coiMiiiitlee, to l)e Htyle<I tli*^ "auditing'; cDminittec," and no ex- 
 penditure greater than Hv(! iiiindred dollars (|500) shall be 
 voted l»y tlie board except in accordance with a written con- 
 tract, nor shall any iiioiicy or appi<)|niation l)e paid out of the 
 
 illlci-.
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 49 
 
 school fund except on a recorded uffirniative vote of a majority 
 
 of all members of the board; and said accounts and the records 
 
 of said board in cities organized under the provisions of this 
 
 act shall, at all times, be subject to the inspection and exam- ^;"t"Jj%,^"{'o'" 
 
 ination of the county superintendent of said county, whose j^^'^l^'^^j^*^'*^'^^- 
 
 duty it shall be, annually, to examine said records and check 
 
 said accounts, and report in writing to the board of county 
 
 commissioners of said county, the nature and state of said 
 
 accounts, and any facts that may be required concerning said 
 
 records. 
 
 Sec. in. Every board of education shall have the power, ^^^IJ^^^f^^^^ 
 and it shall be their duty — First: To employ a city superin- ''"a«d- 
 tendent of schools of the district, and for cause to dismiss him, 
 and to fix his duties and compensation. Second: To enforce 
 the rules and general regulations of the state superintendent 
 and the state board of education; to prescribe the course of ^-^^'^y^f*^ "^ 
 study, the exercises, and the kind of text books to be used, in 
 addition to the text books prescribed by the state board of Textbooks, 
 education, for use of the common schools of this state: Pro- 
 vided, That after the adoption of any text book, it shall not be 
 changed in less than five (5) years, unless the price thereof 
 shall be unwarrantably advanced, or the mechanical quality 
 lowered, or the supply stopped. Third: To provide for school 
 furniture and for everything needed in the school houses. 
 Fourth: To make necessary by-laws for more effectively By-laws 
 carrying out the provisions of this act, and for facilitating 
 the work of the board, as required by law. Fifth: To adopt 
 and enforce such rules and regulations as may be deemed 
 essential to the well being of the schools, and to establish 
 and maintain such grades and departments, including night 
 schools, as shall, in the judgment of the board, best promote 
 the interests of education in that district. Si,vth: To suspend suspension 
 
 i of pupils. 
 
 or expel pupils from school who refuse to obey the rules thereof. 
 Seventh: To employ, and for cause dismiss, teachers; to deter- 
 mine the length of time over and above eight (8) months that 
 school shall be maintained; to fix the time for the annual open- 
 ing and closing of schools, and for the daily dismissal of 
 primary pupils before the regular time for closing schools. 
 Eighth: To provide books for indigent children, on the writ- !,^',"t^pifndren*' 
 ten statement of the superintendent that the parents of such 
 children are not able to purchase them. Ninth: To require vaccination, 
 successful vaccination as a condition of school membership, and 
 —4
 
 50 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Annual report. 
 
 Enumeration 
 of children. 
 
 Report to 
 county super- 
 intendent. 
 
 Census mar- 
 shals, compen- 
 sation of. 
 
 Oath of 
 
 Members of 
 board shall 
 have no in- 
 terest in con- 
 tracts. 
 
 Sale of school 
 property. 
 
 PurchiiMc iif 
 furniture and 
 other .>upplifh 
 
 to provide free vaccination for all who are unable to pay for 
 the same. Tenth: To make, as soon as possible after the close 
 of the school year, an annual printed report to the taxpayers 
 of the district, showing in detail the receipts and disburse- 
 ments of the school funds. 
 
 Sec. 20. The board of education shall annually cause to be 
 taken an enumeration of all persons between the ages of five 
 and twenty-one years residing in the district, and shall report 
 the same, together with such information as required by the 
 general school laws of Washington, to the county superin- 
 tendent of schools, at the time and in the manner specified by 
 law for like returns in other districts. The census thall be 
 taken by the secretary and such census marshals as he shall 
 select, subject to approval of the board or its proper commit- 
 tee. The census marshals shall receive such compensation as 
 the board may deem just. Each census marshal shall verify 
 by oath the correctness of his report in the same manner as 
 by law required of the district clerk. 
 
 Sec. 21. It shall be unlawful for any member of the board 
 of education, or any of its oflicers, to have any pecuniary in- 
 terest, either directly or indirectly, in any contract for the 
 erection of school houses, or for warming, ventilating, fur- 
 nishing or repairing the same, or be in any manner connected 
 with the furnishing of supplies for the maintenance of the 
 schools, or to receive or accept any compensation for services 
 performed in discharging the duties of his oftice, except as 
 provided in sections 24 and 29 of this act. 
 
 Skc. 22. No school property of any kind shall be sold by 
 the board of education without the consent of the district be 
 first obtained, except it be ])ersonal property, the value of 
 which shall not exceed five hundred dollars (1500). 
 
 Skc. 2:5. In all districts contemplated by this act, when, in 
 the opinion of the board, the cost of any lot of furniture, 
 stationery, ap|taratus, fuel, buildings or improvements, or re- 
 pairs to the siinie, will ecjual or exceed the sum of five hun- 
 dred dollars (*r)00), it shall be the duty of the board to give 
 duo notice l)y pulilication in at least one daily newspaper 
 piiblislu'd within the said city, and il" there be no daily, then 
 in oim; or more weekly j):ipers in three (•{) regular consecutive 
 isHUCK, of t 111' intent ion lo n-ccMve bids for such lot of rurniture, 
 stationery, lucl and other HU|tplies, or lor saitl iniprovements
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 51 
 
 and repairs. The board shall determine the specifications for 
 such bids, which shall be public. 
 
 Sec. 24. In all districts contemplated by this act there may ^^"fg^^'^^^^^''" 
 be a board of examination, which shall consist of the city su- 
 perintendent of schools, as ex officio chairman, and four (4) 
 other members, two of whom shall be members of the board 
 of education, and the other two experienced teachers elected 
 by the board of education for a term of one year. 
 
 Sec. 25. Public examinations for teachers shall be held at J^^^^^^^l^^' 
 such times and places as the examining board may determine, 
 and a certified record of the proceedings shall be made to the 
 board of education. 
 
 Sec. 26. Each board of examination has the power, and it 
 shall be the duty of such board — First: To adopt rules 
 and regulations not inconsistent with the general school law 
 of this state, subject to the approval of the state board of ed- 
 ucation, for its own government and for the examination of 
 teachers. Second: To examine applicants, and to prescribe 
 standards of proficiency which shall entitle the person exam- 
 ined to a certificate, and to grant city certificates of four 
 grades: (1) High school certificates, valid for six years, and [?'*y^®''' 
 authorizing the holder to teach in any public school in the city; grades of. 
 (2) grammar school certificates, valid for five years, and au- 
 thorizing the holder to teach any primary or grammar school 
 in such city, (3) primary school certificates, valid for five 
 years, and authorizing the holder to teach in any primary 
 school in such city: Provided, That a second class grammar 
 school or primary certificate may, at the discretion of the 
 board of examiners, be issued for two years, but no applicant 
 shall receive a second-class certificate a second time; (4) spe 
 cial city certificates, valid for five years, may be issued to ap- 
 plicants to teach such special branches as may be authorized 
 by the board of education of such city. 
 
 Sec. 27. The board of examiners may also, without exam- Certificates 
 
 •' ' maybegn^anted 
 
 ination, ffrant city certificates and fix the grade thereof to "ithoutex- 
 
 ' " •' ~ amination. 
 
 holders of state and life diplomas or certificates, and city cer- 
 tificates issued by other cities in Washington; and may also, 
 without examination, renew, and for immoral or unprofes- Certificates 
 
 ' ' ^ may be re- 
 
 sional conduct, profanity, intemperance or evident unfitness voked. 
 for teaching, gross negligence of duty or incompetency, revoke 
 any certificate previously granted in such city. Such board Permits. 
 may also issue a permit to such teachers as may not have the
 
 52 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 opportunity to pass the regular examination, but such permit 
 shall be valid not to exceed six (6) months, and shall not in 
 any case be renewed or extended. 
 
 Sec. 28. The city certificates issued in accordance with this 
 
 act shall be valid only in the district in and for which the 
 
 ^•isibiiitj- of same were granted: Provided^ That no city certificate shall 
 
 candidates for ° •' 
 
 citycertifl- \^q granted to any person who is not the holder of a county 
 
 cates. o ./ 1 J 
 
 certificate in full force and effect, granted in the county in 
 which such city is located, or the holder of a life diploma oi 
 state certificate, issued by the board of education of this state; 
 and no teacher shall be employed in such city schools who 
 does not hold a valid county or state certificate in full force 
 and effect. 
 Compensation gj.^.^ 29. The members of the board of examiners shall re- 
 
 of examiners. 
 
 ceive such compensation as may be allowed them by the board 
 of education, payable out of the funds of the district. 
 
 Tax levy. Sec. 30. The board of education shall annually, at a meet- 
 
 ing next preceding the annual tax levy for state and county 
 purposes, report to the county commissioners an estimate of 
 the amount of funds required for the support of the schools, 
 for the purchase of school sites, the erection and furnishing 
 of school buildings, the payment of interest upon all bonds 
 issued for school purposes, and the creation of a sinking fund 
 for the payment of such indebtedness, if any, and the county 
 commissioners are liereby authorized and required to levy and 
 collect said amount the same as other taxes: Provided, hovy 
 ever. That in case the purchase of school sites and erection of 
 buildings shall require an expenditure exceeding twenty-five 
 thousand dollars (^-25,000) for any one calendar year, the 
 question shall be submitted to a vote of the electors of the 
 district, at the time and places the board of education may 
 a))j>oint; the board of education shall, previous to such elec- 
 tion, designate in at least one daily pa]»er j)ublished in the 
 district, if there V)e one, if not, then in such weekly papers as 
 may be selected by the board, the place or i)laces where such 
 an election shall be held, the locality of the site or sites re- 
 quired, and the |)ro|)Osed cost of the buildings to be erected 
 ihereon. 
 
 Miixiniinii Skc. o 1 . The aLrtrrcLTat (^ school tax sliall in no one year ex- 
 
 cee<l one j»cr cent, iqion all the taxable property of the dis- 
 trict.
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 53 
 
 Sec. 8-2. No county tax for school purposes shall be levied County school 
 
 ^ _ ! . ^^^ '^^'y shall 
 
 upon the property situate within the limits of any school "."' ^'^ against 
 
 , , , , , . . t-ity property. 
 
 district provided for in this act, nor shall any such district be 
 entitled to or receive any portion of the common school fund 
 raised by county tax. 
 
 Sec. 33. That all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with Laws repealed, 
 this act be and the same are hereby repealed. 
 
 Approved March 26, 1890. 
 
 SCHOOL DISTRICTS MAY ISSUE BONDS. 
 
 An Act allowing school districts to borrow money and issue bonds 
 for the building and furnishing of school houses; to permit the 
 funding of school district bonds heretofore or hereafter to be 
 issued, legalizing the same, and declaring an emergency. 
 
 J^e it enacted hy the I^egislature of the State of Washmgton: 
 Sectiox 1. [As amended by sec. 1 of act approved March 
 28, 1890,1 The board of directors of any school district in this i-imitof 
 
 -■ ■' bonded in- 
 
 state may borrow money and issue negotiable coupon bonds debtedness. 
 
 therefor to an amount not to exceed five (5) per cent, of the 
 taxable property in such district, as shown by the last assess- 
 ment roll for county and state purposes: Provided, That in 
 incorporated cities the assessment shall be taken from the last 
 assessment for city purposes, for the purpose of funding out- 
 standing indebtedness, or bonds heretofore issued, or issued 
 under the provisions of this act, or for the purchase of school 
 house site or sites, building (and providing) one or more 
 school houses, and providing the same with all necessary fur- 
 niture and apparatus, or for any or all of these purposes, when 
 authorized by vote of the district so to do, as provided in 
 section two (2) of this act: Provided further. That the bonds ?ate of 
 
 ^ ' J 1 interest. 
 
 SO issued shall bear a rate of interest not to exceed ten (10) per 
 cent, per annum, interest payable annually or semi-annually, 
 payable and redeemable at such time as may be designated in 
 the bonds, but not to exceed twenty (20) yeai's from the date 
 of issue. That in cases where school districts have issued
 
 54 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 bonds in accordance with the laws of the Territory of Wash- 
 ington, and levied as a special tax for the year eighteen hun- 
 dred and eighty-nine, to meet the payment of interest on the 
 same, and have failed to have said special tax levy properly 
 placed on the assessment roll of the county in which such dis- 
 tricts may be located, the district clerks of said districts are 
 authorized and empowered to prepare rolls for such special 
 tax levied for said year in such district, and to proceed to 
 collect the same within the time prescribed for the collection 
 of taxes for said year, and to collect the delinquent taxes in 
 the same manner and with the same power to enforce collec- 
 tion that a sheriff has in the collection of delinquent taxes: 
 Provided, That no penalty shall be added for failure to pay 
 said taxes before the time fixed by law for taxes becoming 
 delinquent, except the rate of interest fixed by law on delin- 
 quent taxes. 
 
 Bond election. Sec. 2. The qucstion whether bonds shall be issued, as pro- 
 vided in section one of this act, shall be determined at an elec- 
 tion to be held in the manner prescribed by law for holding 
 
 Notice of. special school elections. Notices therefor shall state amount 
 
 of bonds proposed to be issued, time they are to run, and pur- 
 
 BaUots. pose for which money is to be used. The ballots must contain 
 
 the words "Bonds, yes, " or "Bonds, no." If a majority of 
 
 Majority vote, the votcs cast at such election are "Bonds, yes," the board of 
 directors must issue such bonds: Provided, That if the amount 
 of bonds to be issued, together with any outstanding indebt- 
 edness of the district, not to be redeemed with the proceeds 
 of said issue of bonds, exceeds one and one-half per cent, of 
 
 Three-fifths ^}jg taxable property in said district, then three-fifths of the 
 
 majonty. i i j ' 
 
 votes cast at such election must be "Bonds, yes," before the 
 board of directors are authorized to issue said bonds. The 
 
 Forinofh<.ii.i«, bonds shall be in such form as the board of directors may 
 prescribe, and shall, with the coupons, be signed by the board 
 of directors and countersigned by the clerk of the school 
 district. 
 
 i>in;cU)rH«hiiii |^,.-(j ;} Wlicn autliori/.cd :iii(l cinnowered to issue bonds as 
 
 certify to ' 
 
 county (reuM- provided ill sections oik; and two of this act, the board of 
 dire(ttorH Hhall, within thirty days afterdate of election, certify 
 tlie result to tlu- county treasnrer, who shall immediately pub- 
 lish noti(M' of the sale of such bonds in at least one weekly 
 n<^WHpap<!r pul»liHli('<l at the county seat, if there be one, for 
 four consecutive issues, and publish such other notices as the
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 55 
 
 board of directors may require. Said notices must give the Notice of sale 
 
 amounts of bonds to be sold, the time to run, where payable, 
 
 the 0})tion, if any, of the district to redeem; also naming the 
 
 hour and day for considering bids, and asking bidders to name 
 
 price and rates of interest at which they will purchase such 
 
 bonds. Such bonds shall be issued in denominations of not i>e"<>i>iii>ation 
 
 of Ijonds. 
 
 less than one hundred nor more than one thousand dollars 
 (|1,000), and shall contain upon their face the date of issue, 
 the series of issue, rate of interest, where payable, time to run, 
 option, if any, of districts to redeem, and the statement that 
 said bond is issued under the provisions of this act, printed 
 or lithographed in the form of words used in the title of this 
 act, and that the whole indebtedness of said district does not 
 exceed the constitutional limit. Each bond so issued must be Bonds must be 
 
 registered. 
 
 registered by the county treasurer in a book to be kept for 
 that purpose, which must show the number, and such data as 
 is necessary to secure a complete record of such bond, series, 
 and amount of each bond, the person to whom the same is 
 issued, name of the district issuing, together with names 
 of directors signing the same; and the said bond shall be 
 endorsed by the treasurer, with his name and a full statement 
 of the name of the person to whom and when issued, together 
 with the number and series of said bond. 
 
 Sec. 4. At the time named in said notice it shall be the duty Meeting to ex- 
 
 •' amine bids for 
 
 of the board of directors to meet with the county treasurer at ''""f's- 
 his office, and with him open said bids and sell said bonds to 
 the person or persons making the most advantageous offer: 
 Provided. The bonds shall never be sold below par, and the Bomismust 
 
 ' i ' not be sold at 
 
 board of directors may reject any and all bids, and within ten less than par. 
 
 (10) days proceed to readvertise the sale of such bonds. 
 
 Upon the sale of bonds the board of directors shall, within ten 
 
 (10) days, or as soon thereafter as practicable, deliver the 
 
 bonds, properly executed, to the county treasurer, taking his 
 
 receipt therefor. The county treasurer shall, upon payment 
 
 of the price agreed upon, deliver the same to the person or 
 
 persons to whom sold, and place the moneys arising from such 
 
 sale to the credit of the special school fund of the said district. 
 
 Fees for advertising to be deducted from proceeds. Fees for ad- 
 
 ~ i: vertising. 
 
 Sec. 5. The school directors of said district must ascertain 
 and levy annually the tax necessary to pay the interest upon Bond tax levy, 
 such bonds as it becomes due, and at the expiration of one- 
 half of the time for which said bonds are to run, and annually
 
 50 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Payment of 
 bonds and 
 interest. 
 
 thereafter until full payment of said bonds is made, they may, 
 if deemed advisable, levy, in addition to the tax required to 
 pay the interest, such amount for sinking fund to meet the 
 payment of said bonds at maturity, to be determined by divid- 
 ing the amount of bonds outstanding by the remaining num- 
 ber of years to run, and the fund arising from such levy shall 
 be kept as the bond redemptio)i fund of said district, and 
 each of said tax levies shall be a lien upon the property in 
 said district, and must be collected in the same manner as 
 taxes for other school purposes: Pronded, That in case, at 
 the maturity of any such bonds, the school directors at [of] 
 any school district issuing same shall have failed or refused to 
 Connty treas- levv the tax to pav the same, it shall be the duty of the county 
 
 urcr to levy •' ' " '' _" 
 
 tax in certain treasurer to ascertain the amount necessary to pay the said 
 
 cases. -^ ^ '' . 
 
 bonds, and [ be] shall levy a tax equal to said sum so ascertained, 
 and extend the same upon the tax roll of said county, and col- 
 lect the same in time to pay such bonds at maturity. 
 
 Sec. 6. The county treasurer must pay out of any moneys 
 belonging to the school district the interest upon any bonds 
 issued under this act by such school district, when the same 
 becomes due, and at such place as designated in such coupon, 
 or upon the presentation at his office of the same, which must 
 show the amount due and the number and series of the bond 
 to which it l)elongs, and all coupons so paid must be immedi- 
 ately reported to the school directors. 
 
 Sec. 7. The school directors of any district must cause to 
 l>e ])riiited or lithographed, at the lowest rates, suitable bonds 
 with coupons attached, when the same become necessary, and 
 pay therefor out of any moneys in the county treasury to the 
 credit of the school district. 
 
 SKr. s. Whenever any school district in this state shall have 
 heretofore, under any of the acts of the territorial legislature 
 now in force, issued any bonds for the ])urchase of any school 
 house site, or llic huildiugof any school house, or the furnish- 
 ing of the same, and the amount of the said l>onds so issued 
 and negotiated shall not exceed the sum of five ( .") ) per centum 
 of th(^ taxable property of the said school district, it shall be 
 lawful for the said scliool district to issue and exchange its 
 bonds at a lale of interest not greater than that borne by the 
 original issue of bonds, [inr lor |iai-, without :uiy further vote 
 of the school district than tliiit heretofore had or recpiired by 
 existing law at the time of their issue, and said bonds shall in 
 
 Printing 
 of Mond.s. 
 
 Ki-fiiiiilini^ 
 of hond».
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 57 
 
 all respects conform to and be governed by the other provi- 
 sions of this act: Provided, That in cities of ten thousand ^^fA'"''*"^,'" 
 
 ' cities ot 10,(XX> 
 
 population or more, whenever any bonds issued under the 9T";'"*' '"i'"'^- 
 
 r r ' J itaiits. 
 
 provisions of this act shall reach maturity and shall remain 
 unpaid, the board of directors thereof shall have the power to 
 fund the same by issuing coupon bonds conformable to the 
 requirements of this act, and exchanging the same, par for 
 par, for the outstanding bonds as aforesaid, without any fur- 
 ther vote of the school district: Provided furtJier, That such 
 bonds shall be issued in denominations of not less than one 
 hundred dollars nor more than one thousand dollars, shall be 
 redeemable within twenty years from date of issue, and shall J'lterest on re- 
 
 •' • ' funding bonds. 
 
 ■draw a rate of interest not to exceed six (6) per centum per 
 annum. 
 
 Sec. 9. Every holder of any of the bonds so issued as pro- Hoiderof 
 
 •' •' 1 bonds to notify 
 
 vided in this act shall, within ten ( 10) davs after he shall be- ^■onnty treas- * 
 
 ' V / J iirer. 
 
 come the owner or holder thereof, notify the county treasurer 
 of the county in which such bonds are issued of his ownership, 
 together with his full name and postoffice address, and the 
 county treasurer of said county shall, in addition to the pub- 
 lished notice herein provided for, deposit in the postoffice, ^enrtionof" 
 properly stamped and addressed to each owner or holder of ^°"'^'^- 
 any such bonds subject to redemption or payment, a notice in 
 like foi'm, stating the time and place of the redemption of 
 such bonds and the number of the bonds to be redeemed, and 
 in case any owners of bonds shall fail to notify the treasurer 
 of their ownership as aforesaid, then a notice mailed to the 
 last holder of such bonds shall be deemed sufficient, and any 
 and all such notices so mailed as aforesaid shall be deemed to 
 be personal notice to the holders of such bonds, and, at the ex- 
 piration of the time therein named, shall have the force to 
 suspend the interest upon any such bonds. 
 
 Sec. 10. That any time after the issuance of such bonds, and Payment of 
 
 *' ' costs in issu- 
 
 in the discharge of the duties imposed upon said county treas- ing'^nds. 
 iirer, should any incidental expense, costs or charges arise, the 
 said county treasurer shall present his claim for the same to 
 the board of directors of the school district issuing such 
 bonds, and the same shall be audited and paid in the same 
 manner as other services are paid under the provisions of law. 
 Sec. 11. Whenever the amount of any sinking fund created 
 under the provisions of this act shall equal the amount, prin- 
 cipal and interest, of any bond then due, or subject under the
 
 68 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 County treas- 
 urer shall give 
 notice of re- 
 demption of 
 bonds. 
 
 Cancellation 
 of bonds. 
 
 Emergency. 
 
 pleasure or option of said school district to be paid or redeemed, 
 it shall be the duty of the county treasurer of the county in 
 which the school district issuing such bonds is located, to 
 publish a notice in the official newspaper of the county, if 
 such a one there be, and if not, then in any newspaper of 
 general circulation, that the said county treasurer will, within 
 thirty (30) days from the date of such notice, redeem and pay 
 any such bond then redeemable or payable, giving priority 
 according to the date of issue numerically, and upon the pre- 
 sentation of any such bond or bonds the said treasurer shall 
 pay the same; and in case that any holder of such bond or 
 bonds shall fail or neglect to present the same at the time men- 
 tioned in said notice, or the notice hereinbefore provided for, 
 then the interest upon such bond or bonds shall cease and de- 
 termine, and the treasurer of such county shall thereafter pay 
 only the amount of such bond and the interest accrued thereon 
 up to the day mentioned in said notice. When any bonds are 
 so redeemed or paid, the county treasurer shall cause the same 
 to be fully canceled, and write across the face of such bond 
 the word " redeemed," with the date of redemption, and shall 
 deliver the same to the board of directors of such school dis- 
 trict, taking the directors' receipt therefor. 
 
 Sec. 1 2. Whereas, there are numerous school districts in this 
 state which are desirous of erecting school houses and furnish- 
 ing the same, and other school districts which have issued bonds 
 under the territorial statutes, and the legality of the same is 
 called in question: therefore, an emergency exists, and this act 
 shall take effect and become a law from and after its passage 
 and approval by tlie governor. 
 
 Si;c. 13. All acts and parts of acts in conflict with this act 
 are hereby rej)ealed. 
 
 Approved March I'.), 1890.
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 59 
 
 EDUCATION OF DEFECTIVE YOUTH, COM- 
 PULSORY. 
 
 An Act to provide for the compulsory education of defective youth, 
 and providing penalties for violations of the same. 
 
 Se it enacted by the Legidatxire of the State of WasJdngton : 
 
 Section 1. It shall be the duty of the clerks of all school Sdiooi clerks 
 
 •I to report 
 
 districts in the State of Washington to report to the school "'^"?«s "^ <^f,- 
 
 " i fective youth. 
 
 superintendents of their respective counties the names of all 
 deaf, mute, blind or feeble minded youth residing within their 
 respective districts who are between the ages of six and twenty- 
 one years. 
 
 Skc. 2. It shall be the duty of each county school superin- County super- 
 
 •' J I intenaent to 
 
 tendent to make a full and specific report of such defective >eportto 
 
 ^ i county com- 
 
 youth to the county commissioners of his county at the first missioners. 
 
 regular meeting of said commissioners held after the first day 
 
 of July in each year. He shall also, at the same time, trans- '^•? director of 
 
 •' •' ' ' school for. 
 
 mit a duplicate copy of said report to the director of the 
 Washington school for defective youth. 
 
 Sec. 3. It shall be the duty of the parents or guardians of Education of, 
 
 J r & compulsory. 
 
 all such defective youth to send them each year to the said 
 state school for defective youth. The county commissioners 
 shall take all action necessary to enforce this section of this 
 act: Provided, That if satisfactory evidence shall be laid 
 before the county commissioners that any defective youth is 
 being properly educated at home, or in some suitable institu- 
 tion other than the Washington school for defective youth, 
 the county commissioners shall take no other action in such 
 case further than to make a record of the fact, and take such 
 steps as may be necessary to satisfy themselves that said de- 
 fective youth shall continue to receive a proper education. 
 
 Sec. 4. If it appear to the satisfaction of the county com- county com- 
 
 ' * '' missioners 
 
 missioners that the parents of any such defective youth within must pay ex- 
 
 •^ •' penses in cer- 
 
 their county are unable to bear the expense of sending them to tain cases. 
 said state school, it shall then be the duty of such commission- 
 ers to send them to such school at the expense of the county. 
 
 Sec. 5. Any parent, guardian, county school superintendent Penalty for 
 
 , , . ^ tailure of duty. 
 
 or county commissioner who shall, without a proper cause, fail 
 to carry into effect the provisions of this act shall be deemed 
 guilty of a misdemeanor, and upon conviction thereof, upon
 
 60 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 the complaint of any officer or citizen of the county or state, 
 before any justice of the peace or superior court, shall be fined 
 in any sum not less than fifty nor more than two hundred dol- 
 lars, in the discretion of the court. 
 Approved March 20, 1890. 
 
 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT CHENEY. 
 
 An Act to establish a normal school for the State of Washington, 
 in the city of Chene5% in Spokane county, and for the government, 
 management and conti'ol of the same. 
 
 Me it enacted by tlte Legislature of the State of Washington: 
 Section 1. That a normal school for the State of Washing- 
 ton is hereby established in the city of Cheney, in Spokane 
 
 Purpose of county, the exclusive purpose of which shall be the instruction 
 of persons, both male and female, in the ai't of teaching the 
 various branches that pertain to a good common school edu- 
 cation; also, to give instruction in mechanical arts and in 
 husbandry, in the fundamental laws of the United States, and 
 in and what regards the rights and duties of citizens: Provided, 
 
 Comiition of That the trustees of the IJeniamin P. Cheney Academy shall, 
 
 e.stabli.sliriH-nt •' ^ j ^ 
 
 of school. prior to the first day of September (1890) eighteen hundred 
 and ninety, donate to the state the building and one block of 
 ground containing eight acres, now occupied by said lienjamin 
 1*. Cheney Academy, within the limits of the city of Cheney, 
 and valued at not less than thirty thousand (4i30,OOO) dollars, 
 and shall convey the same to the State of Washington by a 
 good and perfect title in fee simple, to be ap))roved by the at- 
 torney general and iicccptiMl liy the board of trustees herein- 
 after mentioned. 
 
 ''''^■'■•"1 -"'i Skc. 2. That said normal school shall he under the direction 
 
 of. 
 
 of a l)o;ird of trustees, and shall bo governed and supported as 
 li(!reiiial tcr provided. 
 TrimtffH: ton- Si:< . :'.. 'i'lM'said lio;ii<l of t nistccs shall (M)iisisl: of live niom- 
 
 II re of oflior. 
 
 hers, who shall he iippoiiitcd hy the governor, by and witli the 
 coiisciil of the senate, t wo of whom shall hold t heir office for
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. Gl 
 
 six y^rs, two for four years, and the otlier for two years, and 
 the governor shall designate the tenure of office of each mem- 
 ber so appointed. The board of trustees shall annually elect oiKanization 
 from their number a president and secretary. It shall be the 
 duty of the secretary to keep an exact and detailed account of 
 the doings of said board, and he shall make such reports to the Reports, 
 legislature as are required by this act; and no member of said 
 board of trustees shall, during his continuance in office as a 
 member of said board, act as aaient of any publisher or pub- I'enaity for 
 
 ' ~ ./ r r acting as 
 
 lishers of school books or school library books, or be or become «gent. 
 interested in the publication or sale of such books, as agent or 
 otherwise; and the governor of the state is hereby authorized 
 and required, upon satisfactory evidence being produced to 
 him that any member of said board is employed as such agent, 
 or interested as aforesaid, to remove such member of said 
 board from office and appoint another in his place. 
 
 Sec. 4. That the board of trustees shall hold two regular iNieetings. 
 meetings in each year, viz. : During the first week in January 
 and the first week in June in each year, at which second meet- 
 ing the officers of the board shall be elected. All meetings of 
 the board shall be held in the city of Cheney, and when prac- 
 ticable be in the normal school building; and all financial 
 matters, allowances of claims and accounts, shall be disposed 
 of at such regular meetings only. Special meetings of the 
 board may be called upon written order of the president of 
 the same, which order shall specifiy the object of the meeting. 
 An adjournment may be had from a regular or special meet- 
 ing, but the journal must in either case state the reason in full 
 for the same, and no regular, special or adjourned meeting- 
 shall continue in session for more than ten days at any one 
 time. A majority of the board shall constitute a quorum to (iuorum. 
 transact business. A true and faithful journal of their pro- 
 ceedings shall be kept at any reasonable time open to the in- .Tournai. 
 spection of any member of the board. 
 
 Sec. 5. That said board of trustees shall have power to ap- t'owersof 
 point a principal and assistant to take charge of said school, 
 and such other teachers and officers as may be required in said 
 school, and to fix the salary of each and prescribe their several 
 duties. They shall have power to remove either the principal, 
 assistant or teachers, and appoint others in their stead. They 
 shall prescribe the various books to be used in said school,
 
 62 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Supervision of 
 buildings. 
 
 Contracts. 
 
 Notice of open- 
 ing of school. 
 
 Rules for ad- 
 mission of 
 students. 
 
 Examinatiui 
 
 Tuition in cer- 
 tain oaoetf. 
 
 CoiirlitioiiH of 
 adiniHnloii. 
 
 and shall make all the regulations and by-laws necessary for 
 the good government and management of the same. 
 
 Sec. 6. That the said board of trustees are hereV>y author- 
 ized, and it is made their duty, to take and at all times to have 
 general supervision and control of all buildings and property 
 appertaining to said normal school, and to have general charge 
 and control of the construction of all buildings to be built 
 after the acceptance of the building mentioned in the first sec- 
 tion of this act. They shall have the power to let contracts 
 for building and completion of any such buildings, and the 
 entire supervision of their construction: Provided, That all 
 contracts connected with the erection of any such buildings 
 shall be let to the lowest responsible bidder, after notices of 
 the letting of such contracts shall have been published in at 
 least four of the leading newspapers located in different parts 
 of the state, for at least thirty days before the letting of said 
 contracts, and the said board shall have power to reject any 
 or all bids. 
 
 Sec. 7. That as soon as said normal school is prepared to 
 receive pupils, the superintendent of public instruction shall 
 give notice of the fact to each county clerk in the state, and 
 shall publish said notice in a newspaper published in each 
 judicial district. 
 
 Sec. 8. That the said board of trustees shall ordain such 
 rules and regulations for the admission of pupils to said school 
 as they shall deem necessary and jjroper. Every applicant for 
 admission shall undergo an examination in such manner as 
 shall be prescribed by the board, and if it shall appear that 
 the applicant is not a person of good moral character, or will 
 not make an apt and good teacher, such applicant shall be re- 
 jected. The board of trustees may, in their discretion, require 
 any a))plicant for admission into said school other tlian such as 
 shall, prior to sucli admission, sign and lile with said board a 
 declaration of intention to follow the business of teaching 
 schools in this state, to pay, or secure to be ))aid, such fees or 
 tuition as to said board shall seem reasonable. 
 
 Skc. 9. '^I'liat any person may be admitted as a pupil of said 
 normal school who shall ])ass a salisfactoi-y examination: Pro- 
 vidad, 'V\va\ tlic apitlidaiit shall, before admission, sign a dec- 
 laration (tf irilcnlioii to follow the business of teaching schools 
 in this state;: And jiroridi'd finili<'i\ That, the ])Upils may be
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 63 
 
 *. . . . 
 
 admitted without signing such declaration of intention on such 
 
 terms as the said board of trustees may require or prescribe. 
 
 Sec. 10. That after said normal shool shall have com- ^^.o^/d of 
 
 visitors. 
 
 menced its first term, and at least once in each year thereafter, 
 it shall be visited by three suitable persons, not members, 
 to be appointed by the board of trustees, who shall examine 
 thoroughly into the affairs of the school and report to the 
 superintendent of public instruction their views in regard to 
 its condition, success and usefulness, and any other matter 
 they may judge expedient. Such visitors shall be appointed 
 annually. 
 
 Sec. 11. That lectures in chemistry, comparative anatomy, Lectures. 
 the mechanical arts, agricultural chemistry, and any other 
 science or any other branches of literature that the board of 
 trustees may direct, may be delivered to those attending such 
 school in such manner and on such conditions as the board of 
 trustees may prescribe. 
 
 Sec. 12. That as soon as any person has attended said insti- Examination 
 
 •' * of students. 
 
 tution twenty-two weeks, said person may be examined in the 
 studies required by the board, in such manner as may be pre- 
 scribed by them, and if it shall appear that such person pos- Certiticates. 
 sesses learning and other qualifications necessary to teach a 
 common school, said person shall receive a certificate. 
 
 Sec. 13. That services and all other necessary traveling ex- Expenses. 
 penses, as herein provided, incurred by the board of trustees 
 in carrying out the provisions of this act, shall be paid on the 
 proper certificate out of any funds belonging to said institu- 
 tion in the hands of the treasurer; and the principal, assistants, 
 teachers and other officers employed in said school shall be 
 paid out of said normal school fund and from the receipts for 
 tuition. The members of the board of trustees shall be en- Salaries, 
 titled to four dollars per day during the meetings of said 
 board, and ten cents for each mile necessarily traveled in at- 
 tending said meetings. 
 
 Sec. 14. That all funds appropriated for the use and benefit Wsbursement 
 
 ^ ^ ^ of funds. 
 
 of said normal school shall be under the direction and control 
 of the board of trustees, subject to the provisions herein con- 
 tained. The treasurer of the state shall pay out of such funds 
 all orders or drafts for money to be expended under the pro- 
 visions of this act; such orders or drafts to be drawn by the 
 state auditor on certificates of the secretary, countersigned by 
 the president of said board. No such certificates shall be
 
 Vacancies 
 in board of 
 trustees. 
 
 Report to 
 governor. 
 
 64 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 given except upon accounts audited and allowed by the board 
 at their regular meetings. 
 
 Skc. 15. That it shall be the duty of the governor to fill by 
 appointment all vacancies that may from any cause occur in 
 the board of trustees of the said state normal school, and he 
 may, for neglect of any duty, or any violation of the trust re- 
 posed, or the arbitrary exercise of the power conferred, remove 
 any member of said board, and appoint a suitable person in 
 his stead. 
 
 Sec. 16. That the clerk of the board of trustees shall, on 
 the 15th day of October in each year, transmit to the governor 
 a full report of the expenditures of the same for the previous 
 year, setting forth each item in full, and the date thereof. 
 
 Sec. 1 v. That the board of trustees in their regulations, and 
 
 the principal in his supervision and government of the school, 
 
 shall exercise a watchful guardianship over the morals of the 
 
 pupils at all times during their attendance upon the same, but 
 
 Sectarian tests jjo religious or sectarian tests shall be applied in the selection 
 
 not allowed. » i r 
 
 of teachers, and none shall be adopted in the school. 
 
 Sec. 18. That all acts and parts of acts in conflict with 
 these provisions are hereby repealed. 
 
 Approved March 22, 1890. 
 
 lA.rnlU 
 
 Title. 
 
 ( OlllllliHHil 
 MClcCt Hiti-. 
 
 STATE NORMAL SCHOOL Ar ELLENSBURGH. 
 
 An Act to establish a state normal school. 
 JSe it enacted by the T/egislature of the State of Washington: 
 
 Se( iioN 1. There shall be established in the city of Ellens- 
 burgh, county of Kittitas, a school, to be called the Washing- 
 ton state iioririal school, for the training and education of 
 teachers in the art of iiist nicting and govcM-ning in tiic public 
 H(;hools of this state. 
 
 SKr. 'J.. 'I'lic governor oi' tlu; State of Washington, the super- 
 intendent <»r piiltlic iiist 1 net ion (if the said state, and the sec- 
 retary of state, :ue liereliy appointed and created trustees, with 
 full j>()wer an<l authority to select a site for the permanent
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 65 
 
 location of the state normal school in the city of Ellensburgh. 
 Said trustees shall, within thirty [days] after this act goes 
 into effect, examine the sites offered by the city of Ellensburgh 
 for the location of the state normal school buildings and 
 select therefrom a suitable location for said state normal 
 school buildings, and the site selected by them shall be and 
 remain the permanent site for the state normal school build- 
 ings. 
 
 Sec. 3. The mayor and common council of the city of ^^'''" ''''''>.'• 
 
 •' •' convey site 
 
 Ellensburgh are hereby authorized, empowered and directed, t"'*tat\>. 
 immediately after such site shall have been selected by said 
 trustees, to convey such site by good and sufficient convey- 
 ance to the trustees of the state normal school, who are hereby 
 authorized and empowered to receive and hold the same and 
 the title thereto in trust and for the use of said state normal 
 school. 
 
 Sec. 4. The governoi", the state superintendent of public ^"'"'^^ "f 
 
 o ■> 1^ 1 trustees. 
 
 instruction, and three others to be appointed by the governor, 
 shall constitute the board of normal school trustees. The 
 appointed members, at the first meeting of the board of trus- 
 tees, shall determine, by lot, their respective terms of office, 
 which shall be for two, four and six years. 
 
 Sec. 5. Said board of trustees shall have power to expend Powers of 
 
 . board. 
 
 all moneys appropriated or donated for building school rooms 
 and boarding houses, and for furnishing the same, as well as 
 all moneys for the current expenses of the school. 
 
 Sec. G. The board of trustees shall have power to elect a shaii select 
 
 teachers. 
 
 principal and all other teachers that may be deemed neces- 
 sary; to fix the salaries of the same, and to prescribe their 
 duties. 
 
 Sec. 7. It shall be the duty of the board of trustees to pre- Course of 
 
 •' ' study. 
 
 scribe the course of study and the time and standard of grad- 
 uation, and to issue such certificates and diplomas as may from 
 time to time be deemed suitable. These certificates and di- Certificates 
 
 valid in state.^ 
 
 plomas shall entitle the holder to teach in any county in this 
 state for the time and in the grade specified in the certificate 
 or diploma. 
 
 Sec. 8. The board of trustees shall prescribe the text books, Texti)ooks,ap- 
 
 paratus, etc. 
 
 apparatus and furniture, and provide the same, together with 
 all necessary stationery for the use of pupils. 
 
 Sec. 9. Said board shall, when deemed expedient, establish Training de- 
 
 '■ partment. 
 
 and maintain a training or model school or schools, in which
 
 QQ SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 the pupils of the normal school shall be required to instruct 
 classes under the supervision and direction of experienced 
 teachers. 
 Boarding gj^c. 10. Said board shall make rules for the government of 
 
 house. _ _ " 
 
 the boarding house or houses; shall superintend the same, and 
 make all necessary arrangements for conducting the same in 
 the most economical manner that will make them self-sustain- 
 ing. 
 Number of §^0. 11. At each annual meeting, the board shall determine 
 
 pupils acl- ^ 
 
 mitted, ap- what number of puDils may be admitted into the school: and 
 
 portionment . 
 
 of- this number shall be apportioned among the counties of this 
 
 state according to the number of representatives from said 
 counties in the legislature: Provided, That teachers holding 
 first or second grade certificates may be admitted from the 
 state at large. The county superintendents and the county 
 
 Competitive boards of examination shall hold competitive examinations, 
 
 examinations. 
 
 before the first of May in each year, of all persons desiring to 
 become pupils of the normal school, which examination shall 
 be conducted in the same manner as examinations for teachei's' 
 certificates. A list shall be made of the applicants thus ex- 
 amined, and they shall receive recommendations in the order 
 of standing in examination: Provided, That superintendents 
 may discriminate in favor of those whose age and experience 
 specially fit them to become normal pupils. After the expi- 
 ration of the year a new list must be prepared, and those not 
 recommended must be reexamined or forfeit their right to 
 recommendation. 
 i:ii«ii.iiity of Sec. 12. To sccurc admission into the junior class of the 
 
 a))pliiiuitH for 
 
 admission. nomial scliool, tlic applicant, if a male, must be not less than 
 seventeen years of age, or if a female, not less than sixteen 
 years of age; to enter an advanced class, the applicant must 
 be pro])ortionately older. A))j)licants must also present let- 
 ters of recommendation from their county superintendent, cer- 
 tifying to their good moral cliaracter and their fitness to enter 
 the normal school. IJefore entering, all aj)plicants must sign 
 
 HiKM d.-,iarii- t-lic following declaration: "We liereby declare that our })ur- 
 
 tion to tcacli. " ,,t i • i i i • i^ 
 
 iiose in entering the Washington state normal school is to nt 
 ourselves for the profession of teaching, and that it is our in- 
 tention to engage in teaching in the public schools of this 
 
 btate." 
 I'lipiiHfrom Si'-f 1">. Pupils froiii otlicr states and territories may be 
 
 olli.r m1mI«h, ' . . -Ill -1 
 
 tintion of. admitted to all the privileges ol the school, on jji-esenting let-
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 67 
 
 ters of recommendation from the executive or state school 
 superintendents thereof, and the payment of one hundred dol- 
 lars. The money thus received shall be appropriated to the 
 purchase of library and apparatus. Pupils from other states 
 shall not be required to sign the declaration named in section 
 twelve. 
 
 Sec. 14. The superintendent of public instruction shall be Secretary and 
 
 *■ ^ executive 
 
 the executive agent and secretary of the board of trustees of agent of 
 
 ° ^ _ _ board. 
 
 the normal school. He shall visit the school from time to 
 time, inquire into its condition and management, enforce the 
 rules and regulations made by the board, require such reports 
 as he deems proper from the teachers of the school and officers 
 of the boarding house, and exercise a general supervision of the 
 same. He shall, in connection with the executive committee 
 appointed by the board, expend all moneys appropriated for 
 salaries and incidental expenses, and shall make a semi-annual Report of ex- 
 
 ^ ' penditures. 
 
 statement in writing to the board of all moneys received and 
 expended. 
 
 Sec. 15. It shall be the duty of the principal of the school Report of 
 
 •' r r principal. 
 
 to make a detailed annual report to the board of trustees, with 
 a catalogue of the pupils and such other particulars as the board 
 may require or he may think useful. It shall also be his duty, shaii attend 
 
 •I ^ •/ J ' institutes. 
 
 authorized by the board, to attend county institutes and lecture 
 before them on subjects relating to public schools and the pro- 
 fession of teaching. 
 
 Sec. 16. The board of trustees shall hold two reg^ular meet- Meetings of 
 
 ^ board. 
 
 ings annually, at such time and place as may be determined, 
 but special meetings may be called by the secretary by send- 
 ing written notice to each member. 
 
 Sec. 17. The board shall have power to make all rules and R"iesand 
 
 ■I regulations. 
 
 regulations necessary for discharging the duties named above. 
 
 Sec. 18. All classes may be admitted into the normal school Classes that 
 
 •> may be ad- 
 
 who are admitted without restriction into the public schools of """ed. 
 the state. 
 
 Approved March 28, 1890.
 
 68 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Commission. 
 
 Selection 
 of site. 
 
 ESTABLISHING STATE NORMAL SCHOOL AT 
 WHATCOM. 
 
 An Act to establish a state normal school in the county of 
 Whatcom. 
 
 lie it enacted by the Z/egislature of the State of Wasldngton: 
 
 Section 1. There shall be established in Whatcom county 
 a school, to be called the Washington state normal school, 
 for the training and education of teachers in the art of in- 
 structing and governing in the public schools of this state. 
 
 Sec. 2. The governor, and two others to be appointed 
 by the governor, shall constitute a commission to examine 
 and locate said school site, in said county of Whatcom, as 
 said commission may designate, said appointees to be resi- 
 dents and citizens of the State of Washington. 
 
 Sec. 3. Said commission shall meet at Whatcom, on or 
 before the first day of July, 1803, after the passage of this 
 act, to locate said school site, and the site selected by them 
 shall be and remain the permanent site for the state normal 
 school buildings: Provided, That the citizens of Whatcom 
 county shall donate not less than ten acres of land accom- 
 panied by a good and perfect title in fee simple to the State 
 of Washington. No discrimination shall be made in select- 
 ing said site by any proffer of a larger grant, donation or 
 bonus, but shall establish said school in the most suitable 
 and accessible location. 
 
 Six-. 4. Said school shall be governed in the same manner 
 and under the same rules as the state normal schools are gov- 
 erned at present, and laws that may be hereafter enacted for 
 the government of all normal schools of tlie state. 
 
 Approved February 24, 1893.
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 69 
 
 FORMATION OF NEW SCHOOL DISTRICTS. 
 
 An Act concerning the formation of new school districts, changing 
 the boundaries and transferring territory from one district to 
 another. 
 
 Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Washington : 
 Seotiox 1. In forming new districts or transferring terri- 
 tory from one district to another or changing boundaries of 
 districts, no school district shall be cut down to less than four 
 sections of land unless said district can support six months' 
 school per year after deduction of territory. All acts and 
 parts of acts in conflict with this act are hereby repealed. 
 Approved March 9, 1893. 
 
 MANNER OF PAYMENT OF WARRANTS. 
 
 An Act in relation to county, school, city and town warrants, and 
 the manner of their payment. 
 
 Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of WasJiington : 
 
 Section 1. That all county, school, city and town warrants 
 shall be paid according to their number, date and issue, and 
 shall draw interest from and after their presentation to the 
 proper treasurer: Provided, That no compound interest shall 
 be paid directly or indirectly on any of said warrants. 
 
 Sec. 2. No county auditor or clerk of the board of county 
 commissioners shall issue any county warrant within less than 
 ten days from and after the date of the allowance of such 
 warrant. 
 
 Sec. 3. All laws and parts of laws in conflict with any of 
 the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. 
 
 Approved March 7, 1893.
 
 70 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF STATE NOR- 
 MAL SCHOOLS. 
 
 An Act to provide for the management and control of state normal 
 schools in the State of Washington. 
 
 JBe it enacted by the Legislature oj" the State of Washington: 
 Section 1. That the state normal school at Cheney, the 
 state normal school at Ellensbnrgh, and such other state 
 normal schools as may hereafter be established, unless other- 
 wise expressly provided by law, shall each be under the man- 
 agement and control of a board of three trustees to be known 
 Local board as the " Local board of trustees for the state normal school at 
 
 of trustees. 
 
 ." At least two members of each local board of nor- 
 mal school trustees shall be residents of the county in which 
 the school of which they are trustees is situated, said trustees 
 
 How ap- ^Q be appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and 
 
 consent of the senate. 
 
 Sec. 2. All trustees of the state normal school at Cheney 
 that may be serving as such at the time this act shall go into 
 effect and all trustees for the state normal school at Ellens- 
 burgh that may be so serving, except ex officio members, shall 
 continue to hold their respective offices as such trustees for 
 the full term for which they were appointed; and thereafter 
 
 Terms of ofiice. all trustees shall be appointed for six years, except in cases of 
 appointments to fill vacancies, in which case the appointment 
 shall be made for the unexpired term of the trustees whose 
 office has beco?ne vacant. In case of the establishment of any 
 additional state normal schools, unless otherwise expressly 
 provided by law, the governor shall appoint one trustee for 
 two years, one for four years, and one for six years. 
 
 OrKaiiization f^KC. 3. Each local board of normal school trustees shall 
 
 of local board. 
 
 elect one of its members chairman, and it shall elect a clerk, 
 who may or may not be a member of the board. Each local 
 board shall have j)ower to a(loj)t bylaws for its government 
 and for the government of the school, which by-laws shall not 
 be inconsistent with the provisions of this act, and to prescribe 
 the duties of its officers, committees and employes. A major- 
 ity of the l)oar(l sluill constitute a cjuorum for the transaction 
 of all business.
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 71 
 
 Sec. 4. Each local board of trustees shall have power, Powers of 
 
 '^ ' local board. 
 
 and it shall be its duty — First: To elect a principal for such 
 period as it may determine, not to exceed two years, and to 
 elect such other teachers and assistants as the necessities of 
 the school may require. /Second: To provide a librarian 
 for the school, who shall have charge of all books, maps, 
 charts and apparatus thereof, under such regulations as may 
 be provided by law or by the by-laws of the board of trus- 
 tees; also to choose a janitor and such other employes as 
 may become necessary, and for good and lawful reasons to 
 discharge any or all such teachers and employes. Third: 
 To adopt and provide the necessary text books and provide 
 books of reference for the use of students and teachers, and 
 to provide for the proper care of the same. Fourth: To 
 have chai-ge of the erection of all buildings pertaining to the 
 school, unless otherwise expressly provided, and to have the 
 care and management of all buildings and other property be- 
 longing to the school. Fifth: To audit all accounts against 
 the school, and to certify all bills which may be allowed to 
 the state auditor, who shall draw warrants on the state treas- 
 urer for such amounts as he shall find to have been properly 
 or legally allowed. Sixth: To purchase all supplies for the 
 use of the school, to provide a library suited to its wants, to 
 provide for lectures on subjects pertaining to education and 
 the art of [or] science of teaching, and to do such other things, 
 not forbidden by law, a.s may become necessary for the good 
 of the school. 
 
 Sec. 5. Each local board of normal school trustees shall Boarding: 
 
 house. 
 
 have power to establish and maintain a boarding house or 
 houses for the accommodation of students, to employ a matron 
 and such other assistance as may become necessary to conduct 
 the same, to make such rules for its government and manage- 
 ment as they may deem necessary, and to charge such rates 
 for board and entertainment as will make such boarding house 
 or houses self-sustaining. 
 • Sec. 6. Each local board of normal school trustees shall ?^'^«'f'"=s"f 
 
 local board. 
 
 hold two regular or stated meetings each year, at such times 
 as may be provided in its by-laws, and such special meetings 
 may be held as shall be deemed necessary, such special meet- 
 ings to be called by the chairman or by a majority of the local 
 board; all meetings of the local boards shall be held in the 
 city or town wherein their respective schools are.
 
 72 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Duties of Skc. 7. The principal of each state normal school shall have 
 
 principals. ' ^ 
 
 general supervision of the school, shall see that all laws and all 
 rules of the general and local boards of trustees are observed 
 and obeyed by teachers and students, that the course or courses 
 of study prescribed are faithfully pursued, shall assign students 
 to their proper classes or grades, and unless otherwise specially 
 provided he shall designate the work to be performed by each 
 teacher. He shall at the close of each school year make a de- 
 tailed annual report to the board of trustees, containing a class- 
 ified catalogue of all students that have been enrolled during 
 the year, and such other information as he may deem advisable 
 or as the board may require, and it shall be his duty to super- 
 intend the printing of the same. It shall also be his duty 
 when re(|uired by the local board of trustees to attend county 
 institutes and other educational gatherings, and to lecture 
 upon educational topics that are calculated to enhance the in- 
 terests of popular education or of his school. The local board 
 
 expense's^ of trustcGS shall audit and allow all his necessary expenses in- 
 curred in traveling. 
 
 of^norniar*"^*^ Skc. 8. Two members of each of the local boards of normal 
 
 school trustees, school trustees, to be selected by said board herein provided 
 for, shall constitute a general board of normal school trustees, 
 of which the superintendent of public instruction shall be sec- 
 retary. Within thirty days after this act shall take effect the 
 superintendent of public instruction shall call a meeting of 
 said general board of trustees, designating the time and place 
 of holding the same, of which meeting at least ten days' no- 
 tice shall be given to each member in writing. At the first 
 
 OrKunizatioii. meeting held by said general board of trustees it shall proceed 
 to organize by electing one of its members president, but no 
 president shall be elected for a longer term than two years. 
 Said general board shall have power, and it shall be its duty, 
 to ado])t such by-laws, rules and regulations for its govern- 
 ment, and for tlie general government of the schools under its 
 control, as it may deem proper, which shall not be inconsistent 
 with tlie j)roviHions of this act, and it shall provide for the aj> 
 pointniciit III' such officers and committees as will best sub- 
 serve its interests and the interests of the several schools 
 under its control, A majority of said board shall constitute 
 a <|ii')iiiiii for ilir transaction of ;ill Itusincss, and each trustee 
 shall l>o ciiiiilcil to one vote.
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 73 
 
 Sec. 9. Tlie annual meeting of the general board of normal ^^""j"^^gg 
 school trustees shall commence on the fourth Wednesday 
 of June of each year, at such place as the board may deter- 
 mine. Such si:)ecial meetings may be held as shall be deemed ^^'^'^t^J^g 
 necessary, special meetings to be called by the president or 
 by a majority of the board, the time and place of any special 
 meeting to be stated in the call. 
 
 Sec. 10. The general board of normal school trustees shall fraTboard.^^" 
 have power and it shall be its duty — First, to prescribe the 
 course or courses of study that shall be pursued in all state 
 normal schools under its control: Provided, That the course 
 or courses of study shall be the same for all such schools, and 
 shall not be inconsistent with any of the provisions of this act; 
 second, it may provide for a uniform system of examinations 
 for admission to and graduation from said schools, and may 
 prepare or cause to be prepared uniform sets of examination 
 questions for said examinations; third, it shall be the duty of 
 said board to grant diplomas to the graduates of all normal 
 schools contemplated by this act, and for good and sufficient 
 reasons to revoke the same; and it may grant diplomas in ac- 
 cordance with the provisions of this act to such students as 
 shall have graduated from either the state normal school at 
 Cheney or the state normal school at Ellensburgh prior to the 
 time at which this act shall take effect, in lieu of the diplomas 
 already granted to such graduates by the trustees of said 
 schools: Provided, That all teachers holding county certifi- 
 cates may be admitted to any of said schools from the state 
 at large. 
 
 Sec. 11. The general board of normal school trustees may, [^'^"ifesCTibe^'^ 
 in its discretion, prescribe two courses of study for the schools |," gt^,*^"5^^^ 
 under its control, one of which shall be known as the ele- 
 mentary course and the other as the advanced course; but no 
 elementary course shall cover a shorter period of time than 
 two years, and no advanced course shall cover a longer period 
 than four years; or, it may establish for said schools a single 
 course of study, which shall not cover a shorter period of 
 time than three years nor a longer period than four years. 
 The course or courses of study which may be prescribed for 
 said schools shall embrace all branches in which applicants 
 for state certificates and life diplomas are required to be ex- 
 amined, and such other branches as the board of trustees may 
 determine.
 
 74 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Model school 
 for training. 
 
 Manual 
 training 
 department. 
 
 Diplomas. 
 
 TcrniH of 
 admiHHioii 
 of stiidcnlH. 
 
 Sec. 12. a model school or training department shall be 
 provided for each state normal school contemplated by this 
 act, in which all senior grade students shall have actual prac- 
 tice in teaching for not less than twenty weeks under the 
 supervision and observation of a model school training teacher; 
 and the general board of normal school trustees may provide 
 a manual training department for each school under its con- 
 trol, and may employ a suitable instructor for each. The 
 course of training in such department shall be such as to en- 
 able students to acquire skill in the handling of tools and in 
 the manufacturing of apparatus and appliances for use in 
 school work in the public schools of the state. 
 
 Sec. 13. Diplomas granted to students who have completed 
 the elementary course provided for in this act, shall qualify 
 the holders to teach in the common schools of this state for a 
 period of two years, at the expiration of which time they may 
 be renewed by the general board of trustees for a period of 
 three years, upon the filing of satisfactory evidence that the 
 holders have taught successfully at least twelve months sub- 
 sequent to the time of graduation. Diplomas granted to the 
 graduates of the advanced course, or of a course embracing 
 not less than three years, shall qualify the holders to teach in 
 any of the public schools of this state for a period of nve 
 years, and at the expiration of that time, upon the filing of 
 satisfactory evidence that the holder of such a diploma has 
 taught successfully at least thirty-six months, the board shall 
 grant to him or her a diploma which shall qualify him or her 
 to teach in the public schools of this state during his or her 
 natural life. Every diploma shall be signed by the president 
 and secretary of the general board of trustees, by order of the 
 board, and by the principal of the normal school at which the 
 holder graduated, and all diplomas shall be stamped with the 
 seal of the l)oard. No student shall be entitled to a diploma 
 fioiii any state normal school contemplated by this act who 
 lias not been in regular attendance thereat at least forty weeks, 
 and who does not sliow profii^ency in all branches included 
 in the course of study from which he proposes to graduate. 
 Kvcry diploma sliall specifically state what course of study 
 the holder has taken, and for what length of time said diploma 
 is valid as a (•(M'tilicate. 
 
 Si;c. II. No (charge shall be made against any student, for 
 tuition, in any of the normal schools contemplated by this
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 75 
 
 act: Provided, That said student is a bona fide resident of this 
 state; but such student shall be required, upon entrance into 
 any of said schools, to certify upon honor that it is his inten- 
 tion to pursue the vocation of teaching. Students from other 
 states or territories may be granted scholarships which shall 
 entitle them to complete any course of study prescribed by 
 the general board of trustees, in any state normal school con- 
 templated by this act, upon the payment of one hundred dol- 
 lars each, which sum shall be placed to the credit of the normal 
 school which such student shall attend, and shall be expended 
 in the purchase of books or apparatus for the benefit of such 
 school. All students shall be required to furnish satisfactory 
 evidence of good moral character, and any student may be 
 suspended or expelled from any state normal school contem- 
 plated by this act, who is found to be immoral or who refuses 
 to comply with the rules and regulations for its government. 
 
 Sec. 15. No student shall be required to pay for the use of Library, 
 any book or books belonging to the library of any school con- 
 templated by this act, but the local board of trustees may re- 
 quire the deposit of a sum not exceeding ten dollars, by each 
 student, as indemnity for the loss of any book or books, or for 
 damage done to any book or books by such student, and such 
 sum as may be required to be deposited, or such part thereof 
 as shall not be due the school, for loss of, or damage to, any 
 book or books shall be returned to such student upon his re- 
 tirement from the school. All sums retained for loss of or 
 damage to books belonging to the library shall be expended 
 in the purchase of other books for the use of the school. 
 
 Sec. 16. It shall be the duty of each county superintendent j^^endent^^"^' 
 in this state to hold a competitive examination, commencing p°t^j\4*'^^' 
 on the second Thursday of May, each year, of all persons de- anmiations. 
 siring to attend any state normal school contemplated by this 
 act, except legally qualified teachers, notice of said examina- 
 tion to be given in the same manner as notice is required to 
 be given of examinations of teachers. Such persons shall be 
 examined in reading, orthography, writing, geography, arith- 
 metic, English grammar, history of the United States and 
 physiology and hygiene. The examination shall be conducted, 
 as far as practicable, according to the rules prescribed by the 
 state board of education for the examination of teachers, and 
 no questions shall be used except such as shall be provided by 
 the superintendent of public instruction. Each person taking
 
 76 
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 Proviso. 
 
 said examination shall designate the state normal school which 
 he desires to attend, and the connty superintendent shall make 
 a list of Such persons and shall mark the grade or standing of 
 each thereon in each branch, according to his best judgment, 
 as such standing is shown by the results of the examination. 
 He shall recommend such persons as are examined in accord- 
 ance with their standing: Provided, That he may discriminate 
 in favor of those whose age and experience specially fit them to 
 become students in such schools. The county superintendent 
 shall hold the manuscripts of each person taking the competi- 
 tive examination for a period of six months, subject to the 
 order of the local board of trustees of the normal school which 
 such person desires to attend. At the expiration of the year 
 a new list shall be prepared, and those not recommended and 
 those who have failed to enter the normal school after being 
 recommended must be reexamined or forfeit all rights ac- 
 quired by virtue of the former examination. On or before 
 the first day of June next succeeding any competitive examin- 
 ation the county superintendent shall forward to the clerk of 
 each local board of normal school trustees the names and ad- 
 dresses of all persons whom he desires to recommend as stu- 
 dents for such school not exceeding the number to which his 
 county is entitled in said school according to the last appor- 
 tionment made by the general board of trustees, and he shall 
 also give the standing of each student recommended, in each 
 of the several branches in which he has been examined. 
 
 Sec. 17. It shall be the duty of the superintendent of public 
 instruction to prepare and forward to each county superin- 
 exainin'itiotis *" teudeut, ou or before the first day of May, each year, suitable 
 lists of questions to be used in the competitive examinations 
 provided foi- in llic preceding section, which questions shall 
 be uniform throughout the state, and which shall be upon all 
 branches enumerated in the preceding section. He shall also 
 fiiniisli :ill lilaiik forms for the use of county superintendents 
 in (Conducting said competitive examinations and in making 
 their reports of the same. 
 
 Skc IK. No j)er8on shall Ix' adniiltcd to any state normal 
 school as a student who has not attained the age of sixteen 
 years, if a male, or of fifteen years if a female, nor until by an 
 entrance cxaiiiiMal ion oi' otherwise he or she shall have es- 
 tablished tlie fact that lie or she is (|iialiHed to enter some one 
 ol lli(! grades or courses provi<U'd loi- in the course of study. 
 
 Superintend- 
 ent of public 
 instruclioii to 
 j>ri paif listH 
 
 Akc rcfpiircd 
 for nduiiMHioi
 
 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 77 
 
 Sec. 19. It shall be the duty of the principals of the several ^fvetinRsof 
 
 •' * _ ^ principals. 
 
 State normal schools contemplated by this act to nieet at the 
 time and place of the annual meeting of the general board of 
 normal school trustees to consult with each other relative to 
 matters concerning their school work, to discuss methods of 
 teaching and plans of management, and to make such recom- 
 mendations to the general board of trustees as they may deem 
 proper; and each shall at such meeting report to the board 
 the names of all students that are entitled to diplomas. 
 
 Sec. 20. The general board of normal school trustees shall, pe"e»;ai iJ?ard 
 
 " ' to make liien- 
 
 biennially, on or before the first day of October next preced- "iai report, 
 ing each regular session of the legislature of this state, make, 
 through its secretary, a report to the governor of the state, 
 which report shall be included with and constitute a part of 
 the biennial report of the superintendent of public instruction. 
 Said normal school report shall embrace a statement of the re- 
 ceipts and expenditures of the several schools contemplated by 
 this act, and the purpose for which all moneys have been ex- 
 pended; a classified catalogue of all students enrolled in each 
 of said schools, a directory of all graduates of each school 
 properly classified; the course or courses of study pursued in 
 the several schools, and such other information as may be 
 deemed advisable. And it shall be the duty of each local 
 board of trustees, through its clerk and chairman, on or be- 
 fore the first day of September, to make a report to the secre- 
 tary of the general board, embracing such facts as are required 
 to be embraced in the biennial report of the general board, 
 and such other facts as the general board may require. 
 
 Sec. 2L Each normal school trustee shall receive three dol- I'erdiemof 
 
 trustees. 
 
 lars per day for the time actually and necessarily spent in 
 
 attending the meetings of the general and local boards, and 
 
 he shall be allowed five cents per mile for each mile actually 
 
 traveled, such amounts to be audited by the local boards and 
 
 certified to the state auditor as other accounts are required to 
 
 be certified: Provided, That no trustee shall receive more Proviso. 
 
 than one hundred dollars as per diem in any one year. 
 
 Sec. 22. No normal school trustee shall be awarded any No trustee to 
 contract for the erection, repair or furnishing of any building any contract, 
 belonging to any state normal school contemplated by this 
 act, nor for the furnishing of supplies or materials for the 
 same, and no such trustee shall act as agent for any publish- 
 ing house proposing to furnish books for such school; and 
 
 t
 
 78 SCHOOL LAWS OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 any trustee who shall violate any of the above named pro- 
 visions shall, upon conviction thereof, be fined in any sum 
 not exceeding five hundred dollars, and his office as such 
 trustee shall be declared vacant. 
 
 Sec. 23. All acts and parts of acts in conflict with the pro- 
 visions of tliis act are hereby repealed. 
 
 Approved March 10, 1893.
 
 STATE CONSTITUTION— OFFICIAL OPINIONS AND 
 RULINGS ON QUESTIONS OF SCHOOL LAW- 
 FORMS FOR USE OF SCHOOL OFFICERS AND 
 TEACHERS.
 
 CONSTITUTION, STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 PREAMBLE. 
 
 WE, THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON, GRATEFUL TO THE SUPREME 
 RULER OF THE UNIVERSE FOR OUR LIBERTIES, DO ORDAIN THIS CONSTITUTION. 
 
 ARTICLE I. DECLARATION OP RIGHTS. 
 
 Section 1. All political power is inherent in the people, Political 
 and governments derive their just powers from the consent of 
 the governed, and are established to protect and maintain in- 
 dividual rights. 
 
 Sec. 2. The Constitution of the United States is the su- supreme law. 
 preme law of the land. 
 
 Sec. 3. No person shall be deprived of life, liberty or Right of trial. 
 property without due process of law. 
 
 Sec. 4. The rightof petition, and of the people peaceably Right of pe- 
 to assemble for the common good, shall never be abridged. 
 
 Sec. 5. Every person may freely speak, write and publish Free speech 
 on all subjects, being responsible for the abuse of that right. 
 
 Sec. 6. The mode of administering an oath, or affirmation, Oaths, how ad- 
 
 , „ , , , . . i T 1 • T ministered. 
 
 shall be such as may be most consistent with and binding upon 
 the conscience of the person to whom such oath, or affirmation, 
 may be administered. 
 
 Sec. 7. No person shall be disturbed in his private affairs. Private affairs 
 
 s&crccl. 
 
 or his home invaded, without authority of law. 
 
 Sec. 8. No law granting irrevocably any privilege, fran- 
 chise or immunity shall be passed by the legislature. 
 
 Sec. 9. No persoii shall be compelled in any criminal case immunity 
 
 . T .,.,,. - . ' . . , irom self con- 
 
 to give evidence against himseli, or be twice put m jeopardy victiou. 
 for the same offense. 
 
 Sec. 10. Justice in all cases shall be administered openly, 
 and without unnecessary delay. 
 
 Sec. 11. Absolute freedom of conscience in all matters of Rei'sious 
 
 . . . . liberty. 
 
 religious sentiment, belief, and worship, shall be guaranteed to 
 
 every individual, and no one shall be molested or disturbed 
 
 in person or property on account of religion, but the liberty 
 
 of conscience hereby secured shall not be so construed as to 
 
 excuse acts of licentiousness, or justify practices inconsistent 
 -6 (81)
 
 82 JONSTITUTION. 
 
 with the peace and safety of the state. No public money oi' 
 property shall be appropriated for or applied to any religious 
 worship, exercise or instruction, or the support of any re- 
 ligious establishment. No religious qualification shall be 
 required for any public office or employment, nor shall any 
 person be incompetent as a witness or juror in consequence of 
 bis opinion on matters of religion, nor be questioned in any 
 court of justice touching his religious belief to affect the 
 weight of his testimony, 
 ppeoiai priv- Sjec. 12. No law shall be iiassed granting to any citizen, 
 
 ilcse<; shall not ^ . . . ^ ""..',.. 
 
 be granted. class of Citizens, Or corporation other than municipal, privi- 
 leges or immunities which upon the same terms shall not 
 equally belong to all citizens or corporations. 
 
 Writ of habeas Sec. 13. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall 
 corpus. i ^ _ _ _ ' 
 
 not be suspended unless in case of rebellion or invasion the 
 
 public safety requires it. 
 
 Excessive bail. Sec. 14. Excessive bail shall not be required, excessive 
 
 fines imposed, nor cruel punishment inflicted. 
 
 Sec. 15. No conviction shall work corruption of blood, nor 
 
 forfeiture of estate. 
 
 Taking of pri- Sec. 16. Private i)ro])erty shall not be taken for private 
 vate property. . . . 
 
 use, except for private ways of necessity, and for drains, 
 
 flumes or ditches on or across the lands of others for agricul- 
 tural, domestic or sanitary purposes. No private propei'ty 
 shall be taken or damaged for ])ublic or private use without 
 just com))ensation liaving been flrst made, or paid into court 
 for the owiiei-, and no right-ol'-way shall be appropriated to 
 the use of any corporation other tlian municipal, until full 
 compensation therefor be flrst made in money, or ascertained 
 and paid iiit(» tlie court for the owner, irrespective of any benefit 
 from aiiv imju-ovomcnt j)ro))Osed by such corporation, which, 
 compensation shall be ascertained by a jury, unless a jury be 
 waived as in other civil cast's in courts of record, in the man- 
 ner j)rescril)('<l l»v law. NVhenever an attempt is made to take 
 private property lor a u^c alleged to be ])ublic, the (piestion 
 uhcllicr the c<inicin|ilalcil use be really public shall l)e a 
 judicial <|U('stioii, and dctei-niined as such wilhoiit regard to 
 anv l(Mgislative assertion thai the us(> is juihlic. 
 
 NolmnriHon- Sic<;. 17. 'I'Imtc shall l)c no iniprisoiiniciil for debt, except 
 
 nient lor (Jubt. , ... ,. i i , 
 
 m ("ascs OI ahsconuing <l(;l)tors. 
 
 MUiiiiryHub- Sicf. IH. 'I'hc military shall li(> in strict sultordinatiou to 
 
 UKliiiiit*;. .... 
 
 tlu- Civil power. 
 
 Sicr. I'.>. All cl(cti(»iis shall lie free and equal, and no power,
 
 CONSTIIUTJOX. 83 
 
 civil or military, shall at aiiv time interfere to prevent the Elections must 
 
 .,.,." *je free and 
 
 free exercise ot the right ot sunrage. equal. 
 
 Sec. 20. All persons charged with crime shall be l)ailable Bail. 
 
 by sufficient sureties, except for capital offenses, when the 
 
 proof is evident, or the presumption great. 
 
 Sec. 21. The ric^ht of trial by iury shall remain inviolate, nishtof trial 
 
 . . , 1j.v jury. 
 
 but the legislature may i)rovide for a jury of any number less 
 
 than twelve in courts not of record, and for a verdict by nine 
 
 or more jurors in civil cases in any court of record, and for 
 
 waiving of the jury in civil cases where the consent of the 
 
 parties interested is given thereto. 
 
 Sec. 22. In criminal i)rosecutions, the accused shall have Right of de- 
 fense in court. 
 the right to appear and defend m person and by counsel, to 
 
 demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to 
 
 have a copy thereof, to testify in his own behalf, to meet the 
 
 witnesses against him face to face, to have compulsory process 
 
 to compel the attendance of witnesses in his own behalf, to have 
 
 a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county in 
 
 which the offense is alleged to have been committed, and the 
 
 right to appeal in all cases; and in no instance shall any accused pg||"'* °^ ^P" 
 
 person before final judgment be compelled to advance money 
 
 or fees to secure the rights herein guaranteed. 
 
 Sec. 23. No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law im- ex post facto 
 pairing the obligations of contracts shall ever be passed. 
 
 Sec. 24. The right of the individual citizen to bear arms in Right to bear 
 defense of himself or the state shall not be impaired, but ' 
 nothing in this section shall be construed as authorizing in- 
 dividuals or corporations to organize, maintain or employ an 
 armed body of men. 
 
 Sec. 25. Offenses heretofore required to be prosecuted by Prosecution by 
 
 . ,. , Ti-c • i-T information. 
 
 indictment may be prosecuted by mtormation or by indict- 
 ment, as shall be prescribed by law. 
 
 Sec. 26. No grand jury shall be drawn or summoned in any Grand jury. 
 county, except the superior judge thereof shall so order. 
 
 Sec. 21, Treason against the state shall consist only in levy- Treason. 
 ing war against the state, or adhering to its enemies, or in 
 giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted 
 of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the 
 same overt act, or confession in open court. 
 
 Sec. 28. No hereditary emoluments, privileges or powers 
 shall be granted or conferred in this state. 
 
 Sec. 29. The provisions of this constitution are mandatory, Constitnticm 
 
 '■ . mandatory. 
 
 unless by express words they are declared to be otherwise.
 
 84 
 
 CONSIITUTION. 
 
 standing 
 army. 
 
 Sec. 30. The enumeration in this constitution of certain 
 rights shall not be construed to deny others retained by the 
 people. 
 
 Sec. 31. No standing army shall be kept up by this state in 
 time of peace, and no soldiers shall in time of peace be quar- 
 tered in any house without the consent of its owner, nor in 
 time of war except in the manner prescribed by law. 
 
 Sec. 32. A frequent recurrence to fundamental principles 
 is essential to the security of individual right and the perpe- 
 tuity of free government. 
 
 AKTICLE II. 
 
 LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Legislature. 
 
 Limited mem- 
 bership. 
 
 State census. 
 
 First election 
 of reprcBcutu- 
 tives. 
 
 Tenure of 
 oHlcc. 
 
 8ccon<l nii(J 
 aiibKC'inent 
 electioiiB. 
 
 Section 1. The legislative jDOwers shall be vested in a senate 
 and house of representatives, which shall be called the legis- 
 lature of the State of Washington. 
 
 Sec. 2. The house of representatives shall be composed of 
 not less than sixty-three nor more than ninety-nine members. 
 The number of senators shall not be more than one-half nor 
 less than one-third of the number of members of the house of 
 representatives. The first legislature shall be composed o^ 
 seventy members of the house of representatives and thirty- 
 five senators. 
 
 Sec. 3. The legislature shall provide by law for an enumer- 
 ation of the inhabitants of the state in the year one thousand 
 eight hundred and ninety-five, and every ten years thereafter; 
 and at the first session after such enumeration, and also after 
 each enumeration made by the authority of the United States, 
 the legislature shall apportion and district anew the members 
 of the senate and house of representatives, according to the 
 number of inhabitants, excluding Indians not taxed, soldiers, 
 sailors and officers of the United States army and navy in 
 active service. 
 
 Skc. 4, Members of the house of representatives shall be 
 elected in the year oighlcen hundred and eighty-nine, at the 
 time and in the manner provided by this constitution, and 
 shall hold their ofii(;('s for tlu; term of one year and until their 
 successors shall be elected. 
 
 Skc. 5. The next election of the iiieiiibers of the house of 
 reprcs(!iitatives alter the a(lo|ptioii of this constitution shall be 
 on the lirst 'J'uc-sday after the first Monday of November, 
 eighteen liiindred and ninety, and thereafter, members of the 
 house of representatives shall 1»(^ electcfl bienniiilly, and their 
 term of ofiice shall be two vear^ ; ami eacli election shall be on
 
 CO^^STITUTION. 85 
 
 the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, unless 
 otherwise changed by law. 
 
 Sec. 6. After the first election the senators shall be elected ^'^/i*'"" "/„„ 
 
 .state benators. 
 
 by single districts of convenient and contiguous territory at 
 the same time and in the same manner as members of the 
 house of representatives are required to be elected, and no 
 representative district shall be divided in the formation of a 
 senatorial district. They shall be elected for the term of four 
 years, one-half of their number retiring every two years. The 
 senatorial districts shall be numbered consecutively, and the 
 senators chosen at the first election had by virtue of this con- 
 stitution, in odd numbered districts, shall go out of office at 
 the end of the first year, and the senators elected in the even 
 numbered districts shall go out of office at the end of the third 
 year. 
 
 Sec. v. No person shall be eligible to the legislature who Eligibility. 
 shall not be a citizen of the United States and a qualified voter 
 in the district for which he is chosen. 
 
 Sec. 8. Each house shall be the judge of the election, re- Election re- 
 
 , ,.„. „. ^, T .. turns. 
 
 turns and qualincations of its own members, and a majority 
 of each house shall constitute a quorum to do business, but a Quorum, 
 smaller number may adjourn from day to day and may com- 
 pel the attendance of absent members in such manner and 
 under such penalties as each house may provide. 
 
 Sec. 9. Each house may determine the rules of its own Kuics. 
 proceedings, 2)unish for contempt and disorderly behavior, 
 and, with the concurrence of two-thirds of all the members 
 elected, expel a member, but no member shall be ex})elled a 
 second time for the same offense. 
 
 Sec. 10. Each house shall elect its own officers, and when officers of 
 11- 111 1 • T in tiich house. * 
 
 the lieutenant governor shall not attend as president, or shall 
 
 act as governor, the senate shall choose a temporary president. 
 When presiding, the lieutenant governor shall have the de- 
 ciding vote in case of an equal division of the senate. 
 
 Sec. 11. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings Journal. 
 and publish the same, except such parts as require secrecy. 
 The doors of each house shall be kept open, except when the 
 public welfare shall require secrecy. Neither house shall ad- Adjournment. 
 journ for more than three days, nor to any place other than 
 that in which they may be sitting, without the consent of the 
 other. 
 
 Sec. 12. The first legislature shall meet on the first J^feetings of 
 
 ■- the legislature 
 
 V\ ednesdav after the first Monday in November, A. D. 1889.
 
 8G CONSTITUTION. 
 
 The second legislature shall meet on the first Wednesday 
 after the first Monday in January, A. D. 1891, and sessions 
 of the legislature will be held biennially thereafter, unless 
 specially convened by the governor, but the times of meeting 
 of subsequent sessions may be changed by the legislature. 
 Limit of ses- After the fii'st legislature the sessions shall not be more than 
 
 sion. ^ 
 
 sixty days. 
 Ineligibility of Sec. 13. No member of the legislature, during the term for 
 certain offices, which he is elected, shall be appointed or elected to any civil 
 
 office in the state, which shall have been created, or the 
 
 emoluments of which shall have been increased, during the 
 
 term for which he was elected, 
 whoareineii- Sec. 14. No person, being a member of congi'ess, or hold- 
 
 gibletomem- '■ . ^^ tt • ^ o 
 
 btrship in inor any civil or military office under the United States or any 
 
 legislature. r> j ... n ^ ^ • i 
 
 Other power, shall be eligible to be a member or the legisla- 
 ture; and if any person after his election as a member of the 
 legislature shall be elected to congress or be appointed to 
 any other office, civil or military, under the government of 
 the United States, or any other power, his acceptance thereof 
 shall vacate his seat: Provided, That officers in the militia of 
 the state who receive no annual salary, local officers and post- 
 masters, whose compensation does not exceed three hundred 
 dollars per annum, shall not be ineligible. 
 
 Vacancies. Sec. 15. The governor shall issue writs of election to fill 
 
 such vacancies as may occur in either house of the legisla- 
 ture. 
 
 Immunity Sec. 16. ^Nfembcrs of the legislature shall be privileged from 
 
 from arrest. " i i- i 
 
 arrest in all cases except treason, lelony and breach ot the 
 peace; they shall not be subject to any civil process during 
 the session of the legislature, nor for fifteen days next before 
 the commencement of each session. 
 
 Free Hpeech. Sec. 17. No member of the legislature shall be liable in 
 
 any civil action or criminal piDsecution whatever for words 
 spiikcii in debate. 
 
 Style of laws. Si;c. Is. The style of the laws of the state shall be: "l>e 
 
 it enacted l)y liic legislature of the State of Washington." 
 
 And no hiw sliall lie ciiacliMl cxccpl liy liill. 
 
 Untone Kill)- Sic I'.t Nu iiill sliall cmbi-acc iiioic than one subject, and 
 
 Jett In 1,111. 
 
 that >hall he evpressed in the title. 
 
 EilherhouHe Si-:c. i^d. Anv l»ill niav originate in eitliei- house ol' the leg- 
 
 islature, and a hill passe 1 by <>iir Imnse may be aniendeii m 
 the (itiier. 
 
 Yeasimfl nnyf. Sr.r'. 2l. The yeas and nays of the iiienibers of eit her house
 
 CONSTITUTION. 87 
 
 shall be entered on the journal on the demand of one-sixth of 
 the members present. 
 
 Sec. 22. No bill shall become a law unless on its final pas- Yeas aufi nays 
 
 1 111 1 1 p 1 i'l passage of 
 
 sage the vote be taken by yeas and nays, the names or the bm. 
 members voting for and against the same be entered on the 
 journal of each house, and a majority of the members elected 
 to each house be recorded thereon as voting in its favor. 
 
 Sec. 23. Each member of the legislature shall receive for coTnpensation 
 his services five dollars for each day's attendance during the 
 session, and ten cents for every mile he shall travel in going 
 to and returning from the place of meeting of the legislature, 
 on the most usual route. 
 
 Sec. 24. The legislature shall never authorize any lottery Lottery.— Di- 
 
 , . "^ vorce. 
 
 or grant any divorce. 
 
 Sec. 25. The legislature shall never grant any extra com- Extra compen- 
 pensation to any public officer, agent, servant or contractor ^^e^^"^"""^^^' 
 after the services shall have been rendered or the contract 
 entered into, nor shall the compensation of any public officer 
 be increased or diminished during his term of office. 
 
 Sec. 26. The legislature shall direct by law in what man- snit against 
 nor and in what courts suits may be brought against the state. 
 
 Sec. 2*7. In all elections by the legislature the members 
 shall vote viva voce, and their votes shall be entered on the 
 journal. 
 
 special legislation^. 
 
 Sec. 28. The legislature is prohibited from enacting any Private laws 
 
 _, • 1 1 • ^1 X- 11 • " forbidfion in 
 
 private or special law m the following cases: certain cases 
 
 1. For changing the names of persons, or constituting one person 
 the heir at law of another. 
 
 2. For laying out, opening or altering highways, except in eases 
 of state roads extending into more than one county, and military 
 roads to aid in the construction of which lands shall have been or 
 may be granted by congress. 
 
 3. For authorizing persons to keep ferries wholly within this 
 state. 
 
 4. For authorizing the sale or mortgage of real or personal prop- 
 erty of minors, or others under disability. 
 
 0. For assessment or collection of taxes, or for extending the time 
 for collection thereof. 
 
 (J. For granting corporate powers or privileges. 
 
 7. For authorizing the api)ortionment of any part of the school 
 fund. 
 
 8. For incorporating any town or village, or to amend the charter 
 thereof. 
 
 9. [From] giving effect to invalid deeds, wills or other instru- 
 ments. 1
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Labor of con- 
 victs. 
 
 Corrupt solici- 
 tation. 
 
 10. Releasing or extinguishing, in whole or in part, Ihe indebted- 
 ness, liability or other obligation of any person or corporation to this 
 state, or to anj' municipal corporation therein. 
 
 11. Declaring any person of age, or authorizing any minor to sell, 
 lease or eiicuml)er his or her property. 
 
 12. Legalizing, except as against the state, tne unauthor'zed or 
 invalid act of an3' officer. 
 
 13. Regulating the rates of interest on money. 
 
 14. Remitting fines, penalties or forfeitures. 
 
 15. Providing for the management of common schools. 
 
 16. Authorizing the adoption of children. 
 
 17. For limitation of civil or criminal action. 
 
 18. Changing county lines, locating or changing county seats: 
 Provided, This shall not be construed to apply to the creation of 
 new counties. 
 
 Sec. 29. After the first day of January, eighteen hundred 
 and ninety, the labor of convicts of this state shall not be let 
 out by contract to any person, copartnership, company or cor- 
 poration, and the legislature shall by law provide for the work- 
 ing of convicts for the benefit of the state. 
 
 Sec. 30. The offense of corrupt solicitation of members of 
 the legislature, or of public officers of the state or any munic- 
 ipal division thereof, and any occupation or practice of solici- 
 tation of such members or officers to influence their official 
 action, shall be defined by law, and shall be punished by fine 
 and imprisonment. Any person may be compelled to testify 
 in any lawful investigation or judicial proceeding against any 
 person who may be charged with having committed the offense 
 of bribery or corrupt solicitation, or practice of solicitation, 
 and shall not l)e j^ermitted to withhold his testimony on the 
 ground that it may criminate himself or subject him to public 
 infamy, but such testimony shall not afterwards be used 
 against him in any judicial ])rocecdiug — except for perjury 
 in giving such testimony — and any })erson convicted of either 
 of the offenses aforesaid, shall, as ])art of the punishment 
 thei'ci'or, Ih' disiiualilicd from evci- holding any ]tosit,ion of 
 
 MemberBHhnU lionor, trust or iirofit in this state. A member who has a 
 not vote ill . . • , -n i ^■ 
 
 ccrtuln cuftf.N. private inter(!st m any l)ill or measure proposed or ])ending 
 
 \>vU>ri'. th(! l('gislatui-(! shall discJDsc the fact to the house of 
 whicrh lie is a iiuMiilK'r, and shall not vote thereon. 
 
 Si:c. rjl. No law, except appro])riali<)n bills, sliall lake cll'cct 
 mil il iiiiii't \ il:i\s aflcr the adjoiii-iimcnt of llic session ai wiiich 
 it, was enacted, imiIcsh in cas(! of an emergency (which emerg- 
 ency must be expi(vss(!<l in the ]»reaml)l(^ or in the body of the 
 act) the Ic'^islat ui-(! siiall nlhcrwlsc direct by a vote of two- 
 
 Lawn take 
 tiJcct wlii.-n.
 
 CONSTITUTION. gy 
 
 thirds of all the members elected to eacli house; said vote to 
 
 be taken by yeas and nays and entered on the journals. 
 
 Sec. 32. No bill shall become a law until the same shall rrcsidin- of- 
 ficers to sign 
 
 have been signed by the presiding officer of each of the two ^''^• 
 houses in open session, and under such rules as the legislature 
 shall prescribe. 
 
 Sec. 33. The ownership of lands bv aliens, other than those Ownership of 
 
 1 • T ,• • 1 1 .1 T / • • • 1 liinds by 
 
 who m good iaith have declared their intention to become aliens, 
 citizens of the United States, is prohibited in this state, except 
 where acquired by inheritance, under mortgage or in good 
 faith in the ordinary course of justice in the collection of 
 debts; and all conveyances of lands hereafter made to any 
 alien directly, or in trust for such alien, shall be void: Pro- 
 vided, That the provisions of this section shall not apply to 
 lands containing valuable depobits of minerals, metals, iron, 
 coal or fire clay, and the necessary land for mills and machin- 
 ery to be used in the development thereof and the manufacture 
 of the products therefrom. Every corporation, the majority 
 of the capital stock of which is owned by aliens, shall be con- 
 sidered an alien for the purposes of this prohibition. 
 
 Sec. 34. There shall be established in the office of the sec- Bureau of sta- 
 tistics. 
 retary of state, a bureau of statistics, agriculture and immi- 
 gration, under such regulations as the legislature may pro- 
 vide. 
 
 Sec. 35. The legislature shall pass necessary laws for the lhws relating 
 
 protection of persons working in mines, factories and other latiorks.'^'^ 
 
 employments dangerous to life and deleterious to health; and 
 
 fix pains and penalties for th( enforcement of same. 
 
 Sec. 36. No bill shall be considered in either house unless introduotion' 
 ,. p.. ,. 1,11 1 1 1 oi bills limited. 
 
 the time oi its introduction shall have been at least ten days 
 before the final adjournment of the legislature, unless the 
 legislature shall otherwise direct by a vote of two-thirds of all 
 the members elected to each house, said vote to be taken by 
 yeas and nays and entered iqxm the journal, or unless the same 
 be at a special session. 
 
 Sec. 37. No act shall ever be revised or amended bv mere Amending 
 
 ,. . . , , , ... . ■ - -, la\vs. 
 
 reierence to its title, but the act revised or the section amended 
 shall be set forth at full length. 
 
 Sec. 38. No amendment to any l/ill shall be allowed which Amrn.iment 
 shall change the scope and object of the bill. 
 
 Sec. 39. It shall not be lawful for any person holding public passes lorbid- 
 
 office in this state to accept or use a pass or to purchase trans- 
 portation fi-Qiii any railroad or other corporation, other than 
 
 den.
 
 90 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 as the same may be purchased by the general public, and the 
 legislature shall pass laws to enforce this provision. 
 
 AKTICLE III. THE EXECUTIVE. 
 
 Exerntive fic- SECTION 1. The executive department shall consist of a 
 Bistsoi whom, governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, treasurer, 
 auditor, attorney general, superintendent of public instruc- 
 tion, and a commissioner of public lands, who shall be 
 severally chosen by the qualified electors of the state at the 
 same time and place of voting as for the members of the leg- 
 islature. 
 Governor. Sbc. 2. The supreme executive power of this state shall be 
 
 Tenure of Vested in a governor, who shall hold his office for a term of 
 
 four years, and until his successor is elected and qualified. 
 Other officers. Sec. 3. The lieutenant govei'iior, secretary of state, treas- 
 urer, auditor, attorney general, superintendent of public in- 
 struction and commissioner of public lands, shall hold their 
 Tenure of offices for four years, respectively, and until their successors 
 
 office. 1 • . T 
 
 are elected and qualified. 
 Election of ex- Sec. 4. The returns of everv election for the officers named 
 
 ecutiveoffi- ....." 
 
 cers.— Returnt. m the first section of this article shall be sealed up and trans- 
 mitted to the seat of government by the returning officers, 
 directed to the secretary of state, who shall deliver the same 
 to the speaker of the house of representatives at the first 
 meeting of the house thereafter, who shall open, publish and 
 declare the result thereof in the presence of a majority of the 
 mem])ers of both houses. The ])erson having the highest 
 
 cprtificnte of nuiiilicr of votes shall be declared duly elected, and a certifi- 
 election. .... ' ■ ^ i ^ 
 
 cate thereof shall be given to such ])ers()ii, signed by the pre- 
 siding officers of both houses; but if any two or more shall 
 be higlicst and cquul in votes for the same office, one of them 
 shall be cliosen by the joint vote of both houses. Contested 
 
 Conteaicd elections for such officers shall be decided bv the legislature 
 fclectioiiH. . . ', , ' . 
 
 in siicli iiiiiiincr as shall he dccKhMJ Ity law. The terms of all 
 
 officers named in section one of this article shall commence 
 
 on llu! second JMoiiday in .Tanuary after their election, until 
 
 <il hciu iv(. pioxidcd hy law. 
 
 Dutlosofgov Sk<'. .">. Tli(! governor mav retiuire information in writing 
 
 ernor. , _ j i n 
 
 from the offit-ci-s of the slate upon any snhjcct rel.ating to the 
 
 duties >>{ their re-|iect i\(' otliccs, and shall see that- the laws 
 
 are i'ail hl'iilly e.veciited. 
 
 McifoKo. Si.e. i\. lie shall corn in iinicate at everv session by message 
 
 1o the legislature the coiiditioii oi the alVairs of tlu' state, and
 
 CONSTITUTION, 91 
 
 recomnieiid such measures as lie shall deem ex]icdient for 
 their action. 
 
 Sec. Y. lie may, on extraordinary occasions, convene the May convene 
 
 . ,, - , , legis.ature in 
 
 legislature by proclamation, in which shall be stated the pur- extra session, 
 poses for which the legislature is convened. 
 
 Sec. 8. He shall be commander-in-chief of the military in commander- 
 
 . J. in-cliief. 
 
 the state except when they shall be called into the service of 
 the United States. 
 
 Sec. 9. The pardoning power shall be vested in the gov- rardoning 
 eriior under such regulations and restrictions as may be pre- 
 scribed by law. 
 
 Sec. 10. In case of the removal, resignation, death or dis- Duties shall 
 
 ^ _ devolve on 
 
 ability of the orovernor, the duties of the office shall devolve liemenantgov- 
 
 •^ _ _ . ernor, when. 
 
 Upon the lieutenant governor, and in case of a vacancy in both 
 
 the offices of governor and lieutenant governor, the duties of 
 
 governor shall devolve upon the secretary of state, who shall 
 
 act as governor until the disability be removed or a governor 
 
 be elected. 
 
 Sec. 11. The governor shall have power to remit fines and ^emirflnes?^^ 
 forfeitures, under such regulations as may be prescribed by '^'^'^' 
 law, and shall report to the legislature at its next meeting 
 each case of reprieve, commutation, or pardon granted, and 
 the reasons for granting the same, and also the names of all 
 persons in whose favor remission of fines and forfeitures shall 
 have been made, and the several amounts remitted and the 
 reasons for the remission. 
 
 Sec. 12. Every act which shall have passed the legislature Duties of gov- 
 
 1 11 1 1 c • 1 1 1 1 " ernor in regard 
 
 shall be, before it becomes a law, presented to the governor, toeuactmeut 
 
 Ti- 1 1 1 11 • -I • !• 1 1 11 ^ • of laws. —Ve- 
 
 il he approves, he shall sign it; but it not, he shall return it, toes. 
 
 with his objections, to that house in which it shall have origi- 
 nated, which house shall enter the objections at large upon 
 the journal and proceed to reconsider. If, after such recon- 
 sideration, two-thirds of the members present shall agree to 
 pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to 
 the other house, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, 
 and if approved by two-thirds of the members present, it shall 
 become a law; but in all such cases the vote of both houses 
 shall be determined by the yeas and nays, and the names of 
 the members voting for or against the bill shall be entered 
 upon the journal of each house respectively. If any bill shall 
 not be returned by the governor within five days, Sunday ex- 
 cepted, after it shall be presented to him, it shall become a 
 law without \us signature, unless the general adjournment
 
 92 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 sliall prevent its return, in wliich case it shall Lecome a lav/ 
 unless the governor, within ten days next after the adjourn- 
 ment, Sundays excepted, shall file such bill, with his objec- 
 tions thereto, in the office of secretary of state, who shall lay 
 the same before the legislature at its next session in like man- 
 ner as if it had been returned by the governor. If any bill 
 presented to the governor contain several sections or items, 
 
 MayretooTie he mav object to one or more sections or items while approv- 
 er more items . ; . ,. 1 , .,, X 1 1 1 11 3 
 or sections. mg Other poi'tions or the bill. In such case he shall append. 
 
 to the bill, at the time of signing it, a statement of the sec- 
 tion or sections, item or items to which he objects, and the 
 reasons therefor, and the section or sections, item or items so 
 objected to shall not take eifect unless passed over the gov- 
 ernor's objection, as hereinbefore provided. 
 Fill vacancies Sec. 13. When, durinsT a recess of the legislature, a vacancy 
 
 by appoint- ' o ^ ? . 
 
 meut. shall happen in any office, the appointment to which is vested 
 
 in the legislature, or when at any time a vacancy shall have 
 occurred in any other state office, for the filling of which 
 vacancy no provision is made elsewhere in this constitution, 
 the governor shall fill such vacancy by appointment, which 
 shall expire when a successor shall have been elected and 
 qualified. 
 
 Salary of gov- Sp:c. 14. The govemor shall receive an annual salary of four 
 thousand dollars, which may be increased by law, but shall 
 never exceed six thousand dollars per annum. 
 
 Heshaiiissnc Skc. 15. All commissions shall issue in the name of the State, 
 
 all cijiumis- i n , • i i i i i • i i i c i 
 
 sious. shall be signed by the governor, sealed with the seal or the 
 
 state, and attested by the secretary of state. 
 Duties of lieu- Skc. 10. The lieutenant governor shall be presiding of- 
 
 teiiiiiit gov- ,. , -1 1 11 1- 1 1^1 
 
 eruor. hcer 01 the state senate, and shall discliai-ge such other 
 
 duties as may be jircscrihed by law. He sliall receive an 
 
 Salary. annual salary of one thousaiid dollars, which may be increased 
 
 by the legislature, but shall never exceed three thousand dol- 
 lars per annum. 
 
 DHtieB of ROC- Skc. 1*7. 'J'lio secretary of state shall koc]) a record of the 
 
 relary of mute „. . , ,■ . . • i ' i ■ i c i 
 
 ouicial actsol the legislature and executive depart inent or the 
 
 state, and shall, when rcipiircil, lay the same mikI all matters 
 r(;lative tlicn'to, before either hraiich of the legislature, and 
 shall perfoi'Mi such other duties as shall be assigneil him by 
 Salary. l.iw. Me shall receive an annual salai'vof twenty-live hun- 
 
 dred dollars, which may l)e increaseij by the legislature, but 
 shall nev(!r cxeicil thice tJiousand dollars ])er annum. 
 
 Skc. is. There sh.ill l.e a seal ol' the states kc[)t by the sec-
 
 CONSTITUTION. 93 
 
 i-etary of state for official i)uri)Oscs, wliich shall be called "The shall keep 
 
 *^ . state seal. 
 
 Seal of the State of Washington." 
 
 Sec. 19. The treasurer shall perform such duties as shall be Duties of state 
 
 treasurer. 
 
 prescribed by law. He shall receive an annual salary of two Salary, 
 thousand dollars, which may be increased by the legislature, 
 but shall never exceed four thousand dollars per annum. 
 
 Sec. 20. The auditor shall be auditor of public accounts, Duties of state 
 and shall have such powers and perform such duties in con- ' 
 nection therewith as may be prescribed by law. He shall 
 receive an annual salary of two thousand dollars, which may salary. 
 be increased by the legislature, but shall never exceed three 
 thousand dollars per annum. 
 
 Sec. 21. The attorney general shall be the legal adviser of Duties of attor- 
 
 , . iiey general. 
 
 the state officers, and shall perform such other duties as may 
 be prescribed by law. He shall receive an annual salary of Salary. 
 two thousand dollars, which may be increased by the legis- 
 lature, but shall never exceed thirty-five hundred dollars per 
 annum. 
 
 Sec. 22. The superintendent of public instruction shall have Duties of su- 
 
 ,, . . 1 T 1 1 1 perintendent 
 
 supervision over all matters pertaining to public schools, and of public in- 
 
 shall perform such specific duties as may be prescribed by law. 
 
 He shall receive an annual salary of twenty-five hundred dol- Salary. 
 
 lars, which may be increased by law, but shall never exceed 
 
 four thousand dollars ])er annum. 
 
 Sec. 23. The commissioner of public lands shall perform i-aud oommis- 
 such duties and receive such compensation as the legislature 
 may direct. 
 
 Sec. 24. The governor, secretary of state, treasurer, auditor, Certain offices 
 superintendent of public instruction, commissioner of public capital. 
 lands and attorney general shall severally keep the public 
 records, books and papers relating to their respective offices, 
 at the seat of government, at which place also the governor, 
 secretary of state, treasurer and auditor shall reside. 
 
 Sec. 25. No person, except a citizen of the United States Eiisiwiuy to 
 and a qualified elector of this state, shall be eligible to hold 
 any state office, and the state treasurer shall be ineligible for 
 the term succeeding that for which he was elected. The com- 
 pensation for state officers shall not be increased or diminished 
 during the term for which they shall have been elected. The 
 legislature may, in its discretion, abolish the offices of the Certain offices 
 
 .. .,,. niaybeabol- 
 
 lieutenant governor, auditor, and commissioner 01 public ished. 
 lands.
 
 94 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Supreme court. 
 Inl'eriorcourts. 
 
 Supreme court 
 consists of 
 whom. 
 
 Supreme 
 judges.— Elec- 
 tion. 
 
 Tenure of 
 office. 
 
 Chief justice. 
 
 Vn<'nii(;y, how 
 lUeU. 
 
 ARTICLE IV. THE JUDICIARY. 
 
 Section 1. The judicial power of the state shall be vested 
 in a supreme court, superior courts, justices of the peace, and 
 such inferior courts as the legislature may provide. 
 
 Sec. 2. The supreme court shall consist of five judges, a 
 majority of whom shall be necessary to form a quorum and 
 pronounce a decision. The said court shall always be open 
 for the transaction of business except on non-judicial days. 
 In the determination of causes, all decisions of the court shall 
 be given in writing, and the grounds of the decision shall be 
 stated. The legislature may increase the number of judges 
 of the supreme court from time to time, and may provide for 
 separate departments of said court. 
 
 Sec. 3. The judges of the supreme court shall be elected by 
 the qualified electors of the state at large, at the general state 
 election, at the times and j^laces at which state oflScers are 
 elected, unless some other time be provided by the legislature. 
 The first election of judges of the supreme court shall be at 
 the election which shall be held upon the adoption of this con- 
 stitution, and the judges elected thereat shall be classified, by 
 lot, so that two shall hold their office for the term of three 
 years, two for a term of five years, and one for the term of 
 seven years. The lot shall be drawn by the judges, who shall 
 for that purpose assemble at the seat of government, and they 
 shall cause the result thereof to be certified to the secretary of 
 state, and filed in his office. The judge having the shortest 
 term to serve, not holding his office by appointment or elec- 
 tion to fill a vacancy, shall be the chief justice, and shall preside 
 at all sessions of the sui)rcme court, and in case there shall 
 be two judges having in like manner the same short term, the 
 other judges of the sui)reme court shall determine which of 
 them shall l)e chief justice. In case of the absence of the chief 
 justice, the judge having in like manner the shortest or next 
 shortest term to serve shall preside. After llic tirst election the 
 terms of judges elected shall be six years from and after the 
 H(!Coiid .Monday in .lanuary next sn(rc('eding their election. If 
 a vacancy occur in llic office of a judge of the supreme court, 
 tlic <4ov('rnor shall a)i)ininl a pci'son to hold the office until the 
 election and (|ii;ililicat ion of ;i judge to lill the vacancy, which 
 election shall take |il:icc at llic ncxl snccccding general elec- 
 tion, and the iiid<4c so elcclcil shall hold the office for the 
 I'einainder o|' the unexpired term. 'i'lie term of officer of the 
 judges of the siiiPi-eiiie (-(nirt, lirst elected, shall coinmence as
 
 CONSTITUTION. 95 
 
 soon as the state shall have been admitted into the Union, and 
 continue for the term hei-ein provided, and until their succes- 
 sors are elected and qualified. The sessions of the supreme 
 court shall be held at the seat of government until otherwise 
 provided by law. 
 
 Sec. 4. The supreme court shall have original jurisdiction Jurisdiction of 
 - supreme court 
 
 in habeas corpus, and quo warranto and mandamus as to all 
 state officers, and appellate jurisdiction in all actions and pro- 
 ceedings, excepting that its appellate jurisdiction shall not 
 extend to civil actions at law for the recovery of money or 
 personal property when the original amount in controversy, 
 or the value of the property, does not exceed the sum of two 
 hundred dollars ($200), unless the action involves the legality 
 of a tax, im])Ost, assessment, toll, municipal fine, or the 
 validity of a statute. The supreme court shall also have 
 power to issue writs of mandamus, review, prohibition, habeas 
 corpus, certiorari and all other writs necessary and proper to 
 the complete exercise of its appellate and revisory jurisdiction. 
 Each of the judges shall have power to issue writs of habeas Powers of 
 
 "^ p , . . judges. 
 
 corpus to any part of the state upon petition by or on behalf 
 
 of any person held in actual custody, and may make such 
 
 writs returnable before himself, or before the supreme court, 
 
 or before any superior court of the state, or any judge thereof. 
 
 Sec. 5. There shall be in each of the organized counties of eoun"°'^ 
 
 this state a superior court for which at least one judge shall 
 
 be elected by the qualified electors of the county at the 
 
 general state election: Provided, That until otherwise directed 
 
 by the legislature one judge only shall be elected for the 
 
 counties of Spokane and Stevens; one judge foi' the county of 
 
 Whitman; one judge for the counties of Lincoln, Okanogan, 
 
 Douglas and Adams; one judge for the counties of Walla 
 
 Walla and Franklin; one judge for the counties of Columbia, 
 
 Garfield and Asotin; one judge for the counties of Kittitas, 
 
 Yakima and Klickitat; one judge for the counties of Clark, 
 
 Skamania, Pacific, Cowlitz and Wahkiakum; one judge for 
 
 the counties of Thurston, Chehalis, Mason and Lewis; one 
 
 judge for the county of Pierce; one judge for the county of 
 
 King; one judge for the counties of Jefferson, Island, Kitsap, 
 
 San Juan and Clallam; and one judge for the counties of 
 
 Whatcom, Skagit and Snohomish. In any county where 
 
 there shall be more than one superior judge, there may be as sessions of 
 
 many sessions of the superior court at the same time as there 
 
 are judges th(?reof, and whenever the governor shall direct a
 
 96 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Tenure of 
 office of supe 
 rior judges. 
 
 superior judge to hold court iu any county other than that 
 for which he has been elected, there may be as many sessions 
 of the superior court in said county at the same time as there 
 are judges therein, or assigned to duty therein by the gov- 
 ernor, and the business of the court shall be so distributed 
 and assigned by law, or, in the absence of legislation therefor, 
 by such rules and orders of court, as shall best promote and 
 secure the convenient and expeditious transaction thereof. 
 The judgments, decrees, orders and proceedings of any session 
 of the superior court held by any one or more of the judges 
 of such court shall be equally effectual as if all the judges of 
 said court presided at such session. The first superior judges 
 elected under this constitution shall hold their offices for the 
 period of three years, and until their successors shall be 
 elected and qualified, and thereafter the term of office of all 
 superior judges in this state shall be for four years from the 
 second Monday in January next succeeding their election, and 
 until their successors are elected and qualified. The first 
 election of judges of the superior court shall be at the election 
 held for the adoption of this constitution. If a vacancy oc- 
 curs in the office of judge of the superior court, the governor 
 shall appoint a person to hold the office until the election and 
 qualification of a judge to fill the vacancy, which election 
 shall be at the next succeeding general election, and the judge 
 so elected shall hold office for the remainder of the unexpired 
 term. 
 
 Jiirisriictioii of Sec. 6. The superior court shall have original jurisdiction 
 superior . ,, • • i • n i i ■ i • i 
 
 courts in all cases in equity, and in all cases at law which involve 
 
 the title or ])Ossession of real property, or the legality of any 
 tax, impost, assessment, toll or municipal fine, and in all other 
 cases in which the demand, or the value of the property in 
 controversy amounts to one hundred dollars, and in all crimi- 
 nal cases amounting to felony, and in all cases of misdemeanor 
 not otherwise provided for l)y law; of actions of forcible entry 
 and detainer; of )»rocecdings in insolvency; of actions to pre- 
 vent or abate a nuisance; of all itialtcrs of pi'obate, of divorce, 
 and for annulnient of marriage; and for such special cases 
 and proceedings as are not otherwise provided foi'. The 
 superior court shall also have original jurisdiction in all cases 
 and oi' all proceedings in wliicli jurisdiction shall not have 
 been \>y law v(!sled excliisi\ dy in some other court ; and said 
 court shall have the power of naturalization, ami to issue 
 papers tlierefoi-. They shall liav(^ such appellate jurisdiction
 
 CONSTITUTION. 97 
 
 in cases arising in justice's and other inferior courts in tlieir 
 respective counties as may be prescribed by law. They shall 
 be always open except on non-judicial days, and their process 
 shall extend to all parts of the state. Said courts and their 
 judges shall have power to issue writs of mandamus, quo Powers of 
 warranto, review, certiorari, prohibition and writs of habeas courts, 
 corpus, on petition by or on behalf of any person in actual 
 custody in their respective counties. Injunctions and writs 
 of prohibition and of habeas corpus may be issued and served 
 on legal holidays and non-judicial days. 
 
 Sec. Y. The judge of any superior court may hold a superior judges may 
 
 , c 1 • 1 <• 1 • hola court in 
 
 court m any county at the request or the judge oi the superior any county by 
 
 court thereof, and upon the request of the governor it shall be 
 
 his duty to do so. A case in the superior court may be tried 
 
 by a judge 'pro tempore^ who must be a member of the bar. Pro tempore 
 
 , . . . , T . , . . , . judges. 
 
 agreed upon in writing by the parties litigant, or trs^ir attor- 
 neys of record, approved by the court, and sworn to try the 
 case. 
 
 Sec. 8. Any judicial officer who shall absent himself from Leave of ab- 
 
 scncG of 
 
 the state for more than sixty consecutive days shall be deemed judges. 
 to have forfeited his office: Provided, That in cases of extreme 
 necessity the governor may extend the leave of absence such 
 time as the necessity therefor shall exist. 
 
 Sec. 9. Any judge of any court of record, the attorney gen- Removal of ju- 
 
 , . , n ,• ^ dieial officer by 
 
 eral, or any prosecuting attorney may be removed irom office legislature. 
 by joint resolution of the legislature, in which three-fourths 
 of the members elected to each house shall concur, for incom- 
 petency, corruption, malfeasance, or delinquency in office, or 
 other sufficient cause stated in such resolution. But no re- 
 moval shall be made unless the officer complained of shall Proceedings, 
 have been served with a copy of the charges against him as 
 the ground of removal, and shall have an opportunity of being 
 heard in his defense. Such resolution shall be entered at 
 length on the journal of both houses, and on the question of 
 removal the ayes and nays shall also be entered on the journal. 
 
 Sec. 10. The legislature shall determine the number of •^"«*i<=®» °f t^® 
 '^ peace. 
 
 justices of the peace to be elected in incorporated cities or 
 towns and in precincts, and shall prescribe by law the powers, 
 duties and jurisdiction of justices of the peace: Provided, 
 That such jurisdiction granted by the legislature shall not 
 trench upon the jurisdiction of superior or other courts of 
 record, except that justices of the peace maybe made police 
 justices of incorporated cities and towns. In incorporated 
 
 — '7
 
 9s CONSTITUTION. 
 
 cities or towns having more than five thousand inhabitants 
 
 the justices of the peace shall receive such salary as may be 
 
 provided by law, and shall receive no fees for their own use. 
 
 Courts of Sec. 11. The supreme court and the superior courts shall be 
 
 record. 
 
 courts of record, and the legislature shall have power to pro- 
 vide that any of the courts of this state, excepting justices of 
 the peace, shall be courts of record. 
 
 Inferior courts, Sec. 12. The legislature shall prescribe by law the jurisdic- 
 jurisdiction of. . , ''„ ,. . t • r • '' i • i i 
 
 tion and powers or any or the nirerior courts which may be 
 
 established in jjursuance of this constitution. 
 
 Sec. 13. No judicial officer, except court commissioners and 
 
 unsalaried justices of the peace, shall receive to his own use 
 
 Compensation any fees or perquisites of office. The judges of the supreme 
 
 of judicial i . n <■ i • "in n 
 
 officers. court and judges ot the superior courts shall severally, at 
 
 stated times, during their continuance in office, receive for 
 their services the salaries prescribed by law therefor, which 
 shall not be increased after their election, nor during the term 
 r^find'^e^'^^^" ^^^' which tlicy shall have been elected. The salaries of the 
 how paid. judges of the supreme court shall be paid by the state. One- 
 half of the salary of each of the superior court judges shall be 
 paid by the state, and the other one-half by the county or 
 counties for which he is elected. In cases where a judge is 
 provided for more than one county, that portion of his salary 
 which is to be paid by the counties shall be apportioned be- 
 tween or among them according to the assessed value of their 
 taxable ])roperty, to be determined by the assessment next 
 preceiliiig the time for which surli salary is to be j)aid. 
 Salaries of Sec. 14. Kacli of the ludo'es of the suin'eme court shall re- 
 
 lud«e8. 
 
 amountper ceive an annual salarv of four thousand dollars (ii>4,000); each 
 annuiii. . " . . 
 
 of the su]ierior coiii't judgi's shall receive an annual salary or 
 
 tliree thousand dollars (^:5,00()), which said salaries shall be 
 
 ])ayable (|uartcil\ . The legislature may increase the salaries 
 
 ol' llic judges liciclii |i|-ovided. 
 
 JudgcHinelijci- Si;<'. 1.0. 'J'lie iud-j-es of the suitreme court and the judges of 
 
 ble to aiiv •' • . .' t. 1 1- 
 
 other ofiice. tlie superior court shall be in(digible to any other omceor public 
 eiMiiloynient tli;iii ;i judicial ollice or employment during the 
 term for whicii they shall have been elected. 
 
 Charge to jury. Si:c. 10. Judges shall not charge juries with resjiect to mat- 
 ters of I'act, nor coiniiicnt 1 heicoii, but sh:dl declare the law. 
 
 KllKlbilltyto Skc. 17. No pei'sun shall be (digil)le to tlui office of judge of 
 
 Judgdhip. , . 1 ,. • .11111 
 
 tlie supreme court or judge ol a superior court unless he shall 
 
 lia\(' lieeii adiiiitlcd to jnaclicc in the coiiiis of record ol" this 
 
 state or of I lie Tenilory of W'asliiiiglon.
 
 CONSTITUTION. 99 
 
 Sec. 18. The iudo-es of the supi-eme court shall appoint a Reporter for 
 
 '' ^ supreme court 
 
 reportei- for the decisions of that court, who shall be remova- 
 ble at their ])leasure. He shall receive such annual salary as 
 shall be prescribed by law. 
 
 Sec. 19. No iudo-e of a court of record shall practice law Judges shall 
 
 . . . -a- ^'^^ practice 
 
 in any court of this state during his continuance m omce. law. 
 
 Sec. 20. Every cause submitted to a iudare of a superior Decision of 
 
 •^ . .''... cases by supe- 
 
 court for his decision shall be decided by him withm ninety riorjudge, 
 
 ..." limit of time. 
 
 days from the submission thereof: Provided, That it, within 
 said jieriod of ninety days a rehearing shall have been ordered, 
 then the ])eriod within which he is to decide shall commence 
 at the time the cause is submitted upon such a rehearing. 
 
 Sec. 21. The legislature shall provide for the speedy pub- Publication of 
 
 ^ '■ . . opinions of 
 
 lication of opinions of the supreme court, and all opinions supreme court, 
 shall be free for publication by any person. 
 
 Sec. 22. The ludges of the supreme court shall appoint acierkofsu- 
 
 "' ^ '■ ^ '■ ^ preme court 
 
 clerk of that court, who shall be removable at their pleasure, 
 
 but the legislature may provide for the election of the clerk 
 
 of the supreme court and prescribe the term of his office. 
 
 The clerk of the supreme court shall receive such compensa- salary of. 
 
 tion, by salary only, as shall be provided by law. 
 
 Sec. 23. There may be appointed in each county, by the court commis- 
 
 . , J, ^, . , , . • • T ■• ^1, • sioners, powers 
 
 judge or the superior court having jurisdiction therein, one of. 
 or more court commissioners, not exceeding three in number, 
 who shall have authority to perform like duties as a judge of 
 the superior court at chambers, subject to revision by such 
 judge, to take depositions and to perform such other business 
 connected with the administration of justice as may be pre- 
 scribed by law. 
 
 Sec. 24. The judges of the superior courts shall, from time Rules ot 
 
 courts 
 
 to time, establish uniform rules for the government of the 
 
 superior courts. 
 
 Sec. 25. Superior judges shall, on or before the first day of Superior 
 
 •I •" * _ ' •' judges to re- 
 
 November in each year, report in writing to ihe, judges of the port to su- 
 
 J ^ r » ^ J & preme judges. 
 
 supreme court such defects and omissions in the laws as their 
 experience may suggest, and the judges of the supreme court 
 shall, on or before the first day of January in each year, re- 
 port in writing to the governor such defects and omissions in 
 the laws as they may believe to exist. 
 
 Sec. 26. The county clerk shall be, by virtue of his office, cierkofsupe- 
 
 , , » , . rior court. 
 
 clerk 01 the superior court. 
 
 Sec. 2*7. The style of all process shall be, ''The State of ^tyi| of pro-
 
 100 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Washington," and all prosecutions shall be conducted innts 
 name and by its authority. 
 Oaths of office Sec. 28. Every iudf^e of the supreme court and every 
 judge of a superior court shall, before entering upon the duties 
 of his office, take and subscribe an oath that he will support 
 the constitution of the United States and the constitution of 
 the State of Washington, and will faithfully and impartially 
 discharge the duties of judge to the best of his ability, which 
 oath shall be filed in the office of the secretary of state. 
 
 ARTICLE V, IMPEACHMENT. 
 
 Proceedings in SECTION 1. The house of representatives shall have the sole 
 cases. power of impeachment. The concurrence of a majority of all 
 
 the members shall be necessary to an impeachment. All im- 
 peachments shall be tried by the senate, and when sitting for 
 that purpose the senators shall be upon oath or affirmation 
 to do justice according to law and evidence. When the gov- 
 ernor or lieutenant governor is on trial, the chief justice of 
 the supreme court shall preside. No person shall be con- 
 victed without a concurrence of two-thirds of the senators 
 elected. 
 Impeachment c^j.^.^ 2. The sfovernor and other state and judicial officers, 
 
 for what of- ^ •' ' 
 
 fences. except judges and justices of courts not of record, shall bo 
 
 liable to imjjcaclnnent for high crimes or misdemeanors, or 
 malfeasance in office, but judgment in such cases shall extend 
 only to removal from office and disqualification to hold any 
 office of honor, trust or profit, in the state. The party, 
 whether convicted or acquitted, shall, nevertheless, be liable 
 to ])rosecution, trial, judgment and punishment according ta 
 law. 
 
 Removal from Sec. 3. All officers not liiihle to impeachment shall be sub- 
 ject to removal for misconduct or malfeasance in office, in 
 Buch manner as may be provided by law. 
 
 Alii HI, K VI. ELECTIONS AND ELECTIVE RIGHTS. 
 
 QuaiiflcationB SKfiTioN 1. All male ])ersons of the age of twenty-one years 
 or over, possessing the following qualifications, shall be en- 
 titled to vote at all elections: Tliey shall be citizens of the 
 United States; they shall lia\c lived in the state one year, 
 and in tlie county niiuity days, and in tlie city, town, ward or 
 precinct thirty days immediately j)reeeding the election at 
 which they offer to vote: Promded, That Indians not taxed 
 shall never be allowe(l the ele(ttive rranchisc: Provided further.
 
 CONSTITUTION. 101 
 
 That all male persons who at the time of the adoption of this 
 constitution are qualified electors of the territory shall be 
 electors. 
 
 Sec. 2. The lesjislature may provide that there shall be no in school 
 
 *~^ clGCtioiis 
 
 denial of the elective franchise at any school election on ac- 
 count of sex. 
 
 Sec. 3. All idiots, insane persons, and persons convicted of go^g^Qot^ligg. 
 infamous crime, unless restored to their civil rights, are ex- *°''s- 
 eluded from the elective franchise. 
 
 Sec. 4. For the purpose of votino- and elio-ibility to office no Residence not 
 
 '■ ^ '-_ . gained or lost 
 
 person shall be deemed to have gained a residence by reason by military 
 ^ _ , ^ ^ ... service, etc. 
 
 of his presence, or lost it by reason of his absence, while m the 
 
 civil or military service of the state or of the United States, 
 nor while a student at any institution of learning, nor while 
 kept at public expense at any poor house or other asylum, nor 
 while confined in public prison, nor while engaged in the nav- 
 igation of the waters of this state or of the United States, or 
 of the high seas. 
 
 Sec. 5. Voters shall, in all cases except treason, felony immunity 
 
 '■ . . from arrest on 
 
 and breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during their election days, 
 attendance at elections and in going to and returning there- 
 from. No elector shall be required to do military duty on the 
 day of any election except in time of war or public danger. 
 
 Sec. 6. All elections shall be by ballot. The legislature Elections by 
 shall provide for such method of voting as will secure to every 
 elector absolute secrecy in preparing and depositing his ballot. 
 
 Sec. v. The legislature shall enact a registration law, and Regristratlon 
 
 ° " ' laws. 
 
 shall require a compliance with such law before any elector 
 shall be allowed to vote: Provided, That this provision is not 
 compulsory upon the legislature, except as to cities and towns 
 having a population of over five hundred inhabitants. In all 
 other cases the legislature may or may not require registration 
 as a pre-requisite to the right to vote, and the same system of 
 registration need not be adopted for both classes. 
 
 Sec. 8. The first election of county and district oflicers, not First election 
 otherwise provided for in this constitution, shall be on the subsequent 
 Tuesday next after the first Monday in November, 1890, and 
 thereafter all elections for such officers shall be held biennially 
 on the Tuesday next succeeding the first Monday in November. 
 The first election of all state officers not otherwise provided 
 for in this constitution, after the election held for the adoption 
 of this constitution, shall be on the Tuesday next after the first 
 Monday in November, 1892, and the elections for such stat
 
 102 CONSilTUTION 
 
 officers shall be every fourth year thereafter on the Tuesday 
 succeeding the first Monday in November. 
 
 All property 
 taxed accord- 
 ing to value: 
 annual levies. 
 
 Uniform and 
 equal rates of 
 taxation. 
 
 Exemptions. 
 
 Assessment of 
 
 corporation 
 
 property. 
 
 Same. 
 
 No tax cxcr-pt 
 in piirHiiaiicu 
 of law. 
 
 All taxes piiiil 
 in money. 
 
 Stnfenicnt of 
 rereiFit.i and 
 expenditures. 
 
 ARTICLE VII. REVEXUE AND TAXATION. 
 
 Section 1. All property in the state, not exempt under the 
 laws of the United States, or under this constitution, shall be 
 taxed in propoi-tion to its value, to be ascertained as provided 
 by law. The legislature shall provide by law for an annual 
 tax sufficient, with other sources of revenue, to defray the esti- 
 mated ordinary expenses of the state for each fiscal year. And 
 for the purpose of paying the state debt, if there be any, the 
 legislature shall provide for levying a tax annually, sufficient 
 to pay the annual interest and principal of such debt within 
 twenty years from the final passage of the law creating the 
 debt. 
 
 Sec. 2. The legislature shall provide by law a uniform and 
 equal rate of assessment and taxation on all property in the 
 state, according to its value in money, and shall prescribe such 
 regulations by general law as shall secure a just valuation for 
 taxation of all property, so that every person and corporation 
 shall pay a tax in proportion to the value of his, her or its 
 property: Provided^ That a deduction of debts from credits 
 maybe authorized: Provided furtJier, That the property of 
 the United States, and of the state, counties, school districts 
 and other municipal corjjorations, and such other property as 
 the legislature may by general laws provide, shall be exempt 
 from taxation. 
 
 Sec. :^. The legislature shall provide l)y general law for the 
 assessing and levying of taxes on all corjjoration ])roperty as 
 near as may be by the same methods as are provided for the 
 assessing and levying of taxes on individual property. 
 
 Sec. 4. The power to tax corporations iind corporate prop- 
 erty sliall not ])e surrendei-ed or suspended by any contract or 
 grant to which the state shall be a jiaity. 
 
 Sicc. 5. No tax shall be levied exi-ept in pursuance of law; 
 and every law im})osing a tax shall state distinctly the object 
 of tlie same, to which only it shall be applied. 
 
 Sioc. <i. All taxes levied and collected for state piii-poses shall 
 be paid in money only into the state treasury. 
 
 Skc 7. An uccurale statemenl of the icceipts and expt'ndi- 
 tures of the pid)lic moneys shall be piililislied annually, in sucdi 
 manner as the legislature! may pio\lde. 
 
 Sec. y. Whenever the (ixpeiiscs of any lisca! y<'ar shall ex-
 
 CONSTITUTION. j^o 
 
 ceed the income, the lerr'islature niav provide for levyinfj a tax Dcficienoics'ia 
 
 . "^ " „ . revenue pro- 
 
 i'or tlie eiisuinji; fiscal year, sumcient, with other sources or in- videdfor. 
 
 come, to pay the deficiency, as well as the estimated expenses 
 
 of the ensuing fiscal year. 
 
 Sec. 9. The legislature may vest the corijorate autliorities Rights of cities 
 
 ' . '. Ill- '^'"^ towns lo 
 
 of cities, towns and villages with the power to make local im- levy special 
 
 . , • 1 • i- taxes, 
 
 provements by special assessment, or by special taxation of 
 
 pro])erty l)e!iefited. For all cor})orate purposes, all municii)al 
 
 corporations may be vested with authority to assess and collect 
 
 taxes, and such taxes shall l)e uniform in respect to persons and 
 
 property within the jurisdiction of the body levying the same. 
 
 ARTICLE VIII. STATE, COUXTY AND MUNICIPAL INDEBTEDNESS. 
 
 Section 1. The state may, to meet casual deficits or failures state indebted- 
 ness limited. 
 in revenues, or for expenses not provided for, contract debts, 
 
 but such debts, direct and contingent, singly or in the aggre- 
 gate, shall not at any time exceed four hundred thousand dol- 
 lars ($400,000), and the moneys arising from the loans 
 creating such debts shall be applied to the purpose for Avhich 
 they were obtained, or to repay the debts so contracted, and 
 to no other purpose whatever. 
 
 Sec. 2. In addition to the above limited i»ower to contract Exceptions to 
 
 J _ limitation. 
 
 debts, the state may contract debts to repel invasion, suppress 
 insurrection, or to defend the state in war, but the money 
 arising from the contracting of such debts shall be applied to 
 the purpose for which it was raised, and to no other purpose 
 whatever. 
 
 Sec. 3. Except the debts specified in sections one and two Special pro- 
 of this article, no debt shall hereafter be contracted by, or on cnrriiig in- 
 
 (i6 biGdnGss 
 
 behalf of this state, unless such debt shall be authorized by 
 law for some single work or object to be distinctly specified 
 therein, which law shall provide ways and means, exclusive 
 of loans, for the payment of the interest on such debt as it 
 falls due, and also to pay and discharge the principal of such 
 debt within twenty years from the time of the contracting 
 thereof. No such law shall take effect until it shall, at a 
 general election, have been submitted to the people and have 
 received a majority of all the votes cast for and against it at 
 such election, and all moneys raised by authority of such law 
 shall be applied only to the specific object therein stated, or 
 to the payment of the debt thereby created, and such law shall 
 be published in at least one newspaper in each county, if one 
 be publishfed therein, throughout the state, for three months
 
 1^04 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 next preceding the election at which it is submitted to the 
 people. 
 A.pproprla- Sec. 4. No moneys shall ever be paid out of the treasury of 
 
 tions. •' ^ •' _ 
 
 this state, or any of its funds, or any of the funds under its 
 management, except in pursuance of an appropriation by law; 
 nor unless such payment be made within two years from the 
 first day of May next after the passage of such appropriation 
 act, and every such law making a new appropriation, or con- 
 tinuing or reviving an appropriation, shall distinctly specify 
 the sum appropriated, and the object to which it is to be ap- 
 plied, and it shall not be sufficient for such law to refer to any 
 other law to fix such sum. 
 Credit of state ^ec. 5. The credit of the state shall not, in any manner, be 
 
 enaU not be ■> j ' 
 
 pledged hi aid given or loaned to, or in aid of, any individual, association, 
 
 *^°°^- company or corporation. 
 
 Limit of in- Sec. 6. No county, city, town, school district or other mu- 
 
 debtednessof . % y • i , i • 
 
 counties, cities nicipal corporation shall for any purpose become indebted in 
 
 and school dis- '■ ^ ,. 
 
 tricte. any manner to an amount exceeding one and one-halt per 
 
 centum of the taxable property in such county, city, town, 
 school district or other municipal corporation, without the 
 assent of three-fifths of the voters therein voting at an elec- 
 tion to be held for that purpose, nor in cases requiring such 
 assent shall the total indebtedness at any time exceed five per 
 centum on the value of the taxable property therein, to be 
 ascertained by the last assessment for state and county pur- 
 poses previous to the incurring of such indebtedness, except 
 that in incorporated cities the assessment shall be taken from 
 the last assessment for city purposes: Provided, That no part 
 of the indebtedness allowed in this section shall be incurred 
 for any purpose other than strictly county, city, town, school 
 district or other municipal purposes: Provided further. That 
 any city or town with such assent may be allowed to become 
 indebted to a larger amount, but not exceeding five per centum 
 additional, for supplying such city or town with water, arti- 
 ficial light and sowers when the works for supplying such 
 water, liglit and sewers shall be owned and controlled by the 
 municipality. 
 ConnticB and Sicc. 7. No county, city, town or other municipal corpora- 
 ■hailnotVid"* lion shall hereafter give any money or property, or loan its 
 corporal onu, ,,,,,,, ,.y ,)p (.,.,, dj^^ t„ <,,. i|, ;ii,i of any individual, association, 
 
 (■Miii|i;iiiv <)i- coi-iporation, excerpt for t,he necessary suj)i)()rt of 
 the pour and mlii'ni, ur bcfDine directly or indirectly the
 
 CONSTITUTION. 105 
 
 owner of any stock in oi* bonds of any association, company 
 or corporation. 
 
 AETICLK IX. EDUCATIO:!^". 
 
 Sectioij 1. It is the paramount duty of the state to make Education of 
 
 1 •• r 1 T • ,<iii-iT •-!• children. 
 
 ample provision tor the education or all children residing 
 within its borders, without distinction or preference on ac- 
 count of race, color, caste or sex. 
 
 Sec. 2. The legislature shall provide for a Gfeneral and uni- Uniform sys- 
 
 /•ii- iirr-, • tern of public 
 
 form system of public schools. Ihe public school system schools; in- 
 
 111-1-1 1 • eludes what; 
 
 shall iiiclude common schools, and such high schools, normal support of. 
 schools, and technical schools as may hereafter be established. 
 But the entire revenue derived from the common school fund, 
 and the state tax for common schools, shall be exclusively 
 applied to the support of the common schools. 
 
 Sec. 3. The principal of the common school fund shall ^°i^™°und- 
 remain permanent and irreducible. The said fund shall be de- ^,*l"y®„'i,!!S!!l 
 
 ■* *viia,t source* 
 
 rived from the following named sources, to wit: Appropria- 
 tions and donations by the state to this fund; donations and 
 bequests by individuals to the state or public for common 
 schools; the proceeds of lands and other property which re- 
 vert to the state by escheat and forfeiture; the proceeds of all 
 property granted to the state, when the purpose of the grant 
 is not specified, or is uncertain; funds accumulated in the 
 treasury of the state for the disbursement of which provision 
 has not been made by law; the proceeds of the sale of timber, 
 stone, minerals or other property from school and state lands, 
 other than those granted for specific purposes; all moneys re- 
 ceived from persons appropriating timber, stone, minerals 
 or other property from school and state lands other than 
 those granted for specific purposes, and all moneys other 
 than rental recovered from persons tres|)assing on said 
 lands; five per centum of the proceeds of the sale of public 
 lands lying within the state, which shall be sold by the United 
 States subsequent to the admission of the state into the Union 
 as approved by section 13 of the act of congress enabling the 
 admission of the state into the Union; the principal of all 
 funds arising from the sale of lands and other pro|)erty which 
 have been, and hereafter may be, granted to the state for the 
 support of common schools. The legislature may make Legislature 
 
 r ^1 • • p 1 • • 1 /■ 1 mi • may provide 
 
 further provisions tor enlarging said fund. Ihe interest ac- for increase. 
 cruing on said fund, together with all rentals and other reve- 
 nues derived therefrom, and from lands and other property
 
 306 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Schools non- 
 Bectariau. 
 
 Losses to per- 
 manent school 
 fund become 
 adebt on state. 
 
 Military duty, 
 who are liable 
 to. 
 
 Organization 
 of militia. 
 
 Soldiers' home 
 
 Anns. 
 
 Immnnify 
 fruiii arrest. 
 
 Exemption 
 from mllitury 
 duty. 
 
 devoted to the common school fuud, shall be exclusively a;j- 
 plied to the current use of the common schools. 
 
 Sec. 4. All schools maintained or supported wholly or iu 
 part by the public funds shall be forever free from sectarian 
 control or influence. 
 
 Sec. 5. All losses to the permanent common school or any 
 other state educational fund, which shall be occasioned by de- 
 falcation, mismanagement or fraud of the agents or officers 
 controlling or managing the same, shall be audited by the 
 proper authorities of the state. The amount so audited shall 
 be a permanent funded debt against the state in favor of the 
 particular fund sustaining such loss, upon which not less than 
 six per cent, annual interest shall be paid. The amount of 
 liability so created shall not be counted as a part of the in- 
 debtedness authorized and limited elsewhere in this constitu- 
 tion. 
 
 ARTICLE X. MILITIA. 
 
 Sectiox 1. All able bodied male citizens of this state be- 
 tween the ages of eighteen (18) and forty-live (45) years, ex- 
 cept such as are exempt by laws of the United States or by 
 the laws of this state, shall be liable to military duty. 
 
 Sec. 2. The legislature shall provide by law for organizing 
 and dis<.M])lining the militia in such manner as it may deem 
 expedient, not incompatible with the constitution and laws of 
 the United States. OfUcers of the militia shall be elected oi* 
 appointed in such iiianiicr as the legislature shall from time 
 to time direct, and shall be commissioned by the governor. 
 The governor shall have power to call forth the militia to 
 execute ilic lnws of the state to suppress insurrections and re- 
 pel invasions. 
 
 Sec. 'L The legislature shall provide by law for the mainte- 
 nance of a s(^ldiers' home for lutnoi-ahly discharged Union sol- 
 diers, sailors, marines and members of the state militia disabled 
 while in the line of duty, and who are bo)ia fide citizens of the 
 state. 
 
 Sec. 4. '^i'he legislature sliall )irovi<lf' by Ian' for the protec- 
 tion and safe keeping of llic |iiililic arms. 
 
 S::c. f). 'V\\v. militia siiall, in all cases, except treason, felony 
 and br(!aeli of the pcMcc. I)c privilc^-Ml fi-om arrest during the 
 attendan<'e at iriii>lcis aiii| clrctioiis of otliccis, and in going 
 tu :iiiil ret III iiiiig li'Diii tile same. 
 
 Skc. C. N<» person or persons, having conscientious scruples 
 against licaring arms, shall lie conipclied to do militia dnty
 
 CONSTITUTION. 107 
 
 in time of peace: Provided, Such i^erson or persons shall pay 
 an equivalent for such exemption. 
 
 ARTICLE XI. COUNTY, CITY AND TOWNSHIP ORGANIZATION". 
 
 Section 1. The several counties of the Territoi-v of Wash- County organ- 
 izations recog- 
 ington existing at the time of the adoption of this constitution nized. 
 
 are hereby recognized as legal subdivisions of this state. 
 
 Sec. 2. No county seat shall be removed unless three-fifths Romovaiof 
 „, i.f.Ti ci ■ 1 • county seats. 
 
 01 the qualmed electors oi the county, voting on the proposi- 
 tion at a general election, shall vote in favor of such removal, 
 and three-fifths of all votes cast on the proposition shall be re- 
 quired to relocate a county seat. A jirojiosition of removal 
 shall not be submitted in the same county more than once in 
 four years. 
 
 Sec. 3. No new countv shall be established which shall re- Organization 
 
 T ',.„,,„, T of new couu- 
 
 duce any county to a ])opulation or less than tour thousand ties. 
 
 (4,000), nor shall a new county be formed containing a less 
 
 population than two thousand (2,000). There shall be no 
 
 territory stricken from any county unless a majority of the 
 
 voters living in such territory shall jjctition therefor, and then 
 
 only under such other conditions as may be prescribed by a 
 
 general law applicable to the whole state. Every countv Chanqreof 
 
 ,.,,,,, , , , ,. . , „ ' boundaries. 
 
 which shall be enlarged or created trom territory taken trom 
 
 any other county or counties shall be liable for a just propor- 
 tion of the existing debts and liabilities of the county or 
 counties from which such territory shall be taken: Provided, 
 That in such accounting neither county shall be charged with 
 any debt or liability then existing, incurred in the purchase of 
 any county property or in the purchase or construction of any 
 county buildings then in use or under construction, which 
 shall fall Avithin and be retained by the county: Provided fur- 
 ther, That this shall not be construed to affect the rights of 
 creditors. 
 
 Sec. 4. The leuislature shall estaldish a svstem of countv System of 
 
 T • r 1 n 1 -c 1 1 " 1 \ county govern- 
 
 government which sliall l)e uniiorm throughout the state, and ment. 
 
 by general laws shall provide for township organization, under 
 which any county may organize whenever a majority of the 
 qualified electors of such county voting at a general elec- 
 tion shall so determine, and whenever a county shall adopt 
 township organization, the assessment and collection of the 
 revenue shall be made, and the business of such county, and the 
 local affairs of" the several townships therein, shall be managed 
 and transacted in tne manner prescribed by such general law.
 
 108 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 County olB- 
 cers, c'ompen- 
 lation oL 
 
 Vacancies. 
 
 Ineligibility 
 for more than 
 two terms. 
 
 Salaries. 
 
 All counties 
 liable for etate 
 taxes. 
 
 Municipal cor- 
 porations, not 
 create'i by 
 special acts. 
 
 Sec. 5. The leojislature, by general and uniform laws, shall 
 provide for the election in the several counties of boards of 
 county commissioners, sheriffs, county clerks, treasurers, pros- 
 ecuting attorneys, and other county, township or precinct and 
 district officers, as public convenience may require, and shall 
 prescribe their duties and fix their terms of office. It shall 
 regulate the compensation of all such officers, in proportion to 
 their duties, and for that purpose may classify the counties by 
 population. And it shall provide for the strict accountability 
 of such officers for all fees which may be collected by them, 
 and for all public moneys which may be paid to them, or 
 officially come into their possession. 
 
 Sec. 6. The board of county commissioners in each county 
 shall fill all vacancies occurring in any county, township, pre- 
 cinct or road district office of such county by appointment, and 
 officers thus appointed shall hold office till the next general 
 election, and until their successors are elected and qualified. 
 
 Sec. 1. No county officer shall be eligible to hold his office 
 more than two terms in succession. 
 
 Sec. 8. The legislature shall fix the compensation by sala- 
 ries of all county officers, and of constables in cities having a 
 population of 5,000 and upward; except that public adminis- 
 trators, surveyors and coroners may or may not be salaried 
 officers. The salary of any county, city, town or municipal 
 officer shall not be increased or diminished after his election, 
 or during his term of office; nor shall the terra of any such 
 officer be extended beyond the period for which he is elected or 
 appointed. 
 
 Sec. 9. No county, nor the inhabitants thereof, nor the prop- 
 erty therein, shall be released or discharged from its or their 
 proportionate share of taxes to be levied for state purposes, 
 nor shall commutation for such taxes be authorized in any 
 form whatever. 
 
 Sec. 10. Corj)orati()iis for municipal purposes shall not be 
 created V)y s))ecial laws; but the legishiture, by general laws, 
 shall jjrovide for tin; iiicoi-poratioii, organization and classifi- 
 cation, in ))riqMii-ti()n 1 > p<i]Milat Km, of cities and towns, which 
 laws may be altcrcil, aincniicil ui- icpcahMl. Cities and towns 
 h('ret,orore organi/.cil or incui'iioialcd may become organized un- 
 der siicli '^eneial laws wheneViM' a niajority of the electors vot- 
 ing at a general (deetion sliall so determine, and shall organize 
 in conformity therewith; and cities or towns heretofore or here- 
 after or"aniz(;d, and all cliailcis tliercoi' I'raniiMl or adopted by
 
 CONSTITUTION. 109 
 
 authority of this constitution, shall be subject to and con- 
 trolled by general laws. Any city containing a i^opuiatiou of c^fe'g*o"20°ooo 
 twenty thousand inhabitants, or more, shall be permitted to «' '"O'^®- 
 frame a charter for its own government, consistent with and 
 subject to the constitution and laws of this state, and for such 
 purpose the legislative authority of such city may cause an 
 election to be had, at which election there shall be chosen by 
 the qualified electors of said city, fifteen freeholders thereof, 
 who shall have been residents of said city for a period of at 
 least two years preceding their election, and qualified electors, 
 whose duty it sliall be to convene within ten days after their 
 election and prepare and propose a charter for such city. Such 
 proposed charter shall be submitted to the qualified electors Adoption of 
 of said city, and if a majority of such qualified electors voting 
 thereon ratify the same, it shall become the charter of said 
 city, and shall become the organic law thereof, and supersede 
 any existing charter, including amendments thereto, and all 
 special laws inconsistent with such charter. Said proposed 
 charter shall be published in two daily newspapers published 
 in said city, for at least thirty days prior to the day of submit- 
 ting the same to the electors for their approval, as above 
 provided. All elections in this section authorized shall only 
 be had upon notice, which notice shall specify the object of 
 calling such election, and shall be given for at least ten days 
 before the day of election, in all election disti'icts of said city. 
 Said elections may be general or special elections, and except 
 as herein provided shall be governed by the law regulating 
 and controlling general or special elections in said city. Such 
 charter may be amended by proposals therefor submitted by Amendment 
 the legislative authority of such city to the electors thereof at 
 any general election after notice of said submission published 
 as above specified, and ratified by a majority of the qualified 
 electors voting thereon. In submitting any such charter, or 
 amendment thereto, any alternate article or proposition may 
 be presented for the choice of the voters, and may be voted 
 on separately without prejudice to others. 
 
 Sec. 11. Any county, city, town or township may make Privileges of 
 and enforce within its limits all such local police, sanitary and 
 other regulations as are not in confiict with general laws. 
 
 Sec. 12. The legislature shall have no poAver to impose Local taxation 
 
 • • • £rov6rnc<l by 
 
 taxes upon counties, cities, towns or other municipal corpora- general laws, 
 tions, or upon the inhabitants or property thereof, for county, 
 citv, town, or other municipal purposes, but may by general
 
 110 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 laws vest in the corporate authorities thereof the power to 
 assess and collect taxes for such purposes. 
 
 Sec. 13. Private property shall not be taken or sold for the 
 payment of the corporate debt of any public or municipal cor- 
 poration, except in the mode })rovided by law for the levy 
 and collection of taxes. 
 
 Unlawful use g^c. 14. The makino- of profit out of county, city, town or 
 of public Q 1 J ^ J 1 
 
 rnoneya other public money, or using the same for any purpose not 
 
 authorized by law, by any officer having the possession or 
 control thereof, shall be a felony, and shall be prosecuted and 
 punished as prescribed by law. 
 
 All public Sec. 15. All monevs, assessments and taxes belonging to 
 
 money to be n n ^ i ' c ■ i 
 
 deposited with oi' collected for the use of any county, city, town or other 
 treasurer. ,. ... . . . ■, t -, n 
 
 public or municipal corporation, coming into the hands or any 
 
 officer thereof, shall immediately be deposited with the 
 
 treasurer, or other legal depositary, to the credit of such city, 
 
 town, or other corporation respectively, for the benefit of the 
 
 funds to which they belong. 
 
 ARTICLE XII. CORPORATIOXS OTHER THA:N" MUNICIPAL. 
 
 Nit created by SECTION 1. Corporations may be formed under general laws, 
 but shall not be created by special acts. All laws relating to 
 corporations may be altered, amended or repealed by the leg- 
 islature at any time, and all corporations doing business iu 
 this state may, as to such business, be regulated, limited or 
 restrained by law. 
 
 Sec. 2. All existing charters, fi-anchisos, special or exclu- 
 sive j)rivilcges, under which an actual and bona Jide organi- 
 zation sliall not have taken j)lace, and business been 
 coiniiiciiccd ill good faith, at the time of the adoption of this 
 constitution, sliall ihcrcartcr have no valiility. 
 
 Legislature Sicc. 3. The legislature shall not- extend any franchise or 
 
 Hllall llul C'X- . ^ , , „ . . 1- 1 ■ 1 
 
 tend friiiichiBe charter, nor remit the rorreitur(! o! anv tranchise or charter 
 
 or remit for- , . . . i •' i i 1 1 i c 
 
 leiiure. ol any corpoi'al ion now exist iiig, or wliicli shall hereaiter exist 
 
 under the laws of this state. 
 
 L1abllltyf)f Skc. 4. l-'.ach stockholder in all inc<ir|)oratc(l companies, ex- 
 
 Btfjckholders. . . 
 
 cept coi|K)i-;it lojis or'4aiii/,eil lor icnikiiig or insiinince purposes, 
 
 sliall be liable for the debts of the cor|>or;it ion to the amount 
 
 of liis unpaid stock, and no more, ;ind <ine or niori^ s.tockholders 
 
 may be joine I as p;irties dcreinhint in suits to recover upon 
 
 this liability. 
 
 Oorporntlon. Skc. 5. The term corooiat ions, as iiseil in this art Icle, shall 
 
 conHlrued to , • ■ ■ ■ i i • • i 
 
 includewhut. beconslrin;d to include all associations anil lomt stock com-
 
 CONSTITUTION. Ill 
 
 panies having any powers or privileges of corporations not 
 possessed by individuals or partnerships, and all corporations 
 shall have the right to sue and shall be subject to be sued, in 
 all courts, in like cases as natural persons. 
 
 Sec. 6. Corporations shall not issue stock, except to bona Corporation 
 
 ^ . . Kiock, fictitious 
 
 fide subscribers therefor, or their assignees; nor shall any issue void. 
 corporation issue any bond, or other obligation, for the pay- 
 ment of money, except for money or property received or 
 labor done. The stock of corporations shall not be increased, 
 except in pursuance of a general law, nor shall any law au- 
 thorize the increase of stock, without the consent of the person 
 or persons holding the larger amount in value of the stock, 
 nor without due notice of the proposed increase having been 
 previously given in such manner as may be prescribed by law. 
 All fictitious increase of stock or indebtedness shall be void. 
 
 Sec. 7. No corporation organized outside the limits of this 
 state shall be allowed to transact business within the state on 
 more favorable conditions than are prescribed by law to 
 similar corporations organized under the laws of this state. 
 
 Sec. 8. No corporation shall lease or alienate any franchise, Leasing or 
 so as to relieve the franchise, or property held thereunder, iianchises. 
 from the liabilities of the lessor, or grantor, lessee, or grantee, 
 contracted or incurred in the operation, use, or enjoyment of 
 such franchise or any of its privileges. 
 
 Sec. 9. The state shall not in any manner loan its credit, state shall not 
 
 . 1 /• loan its credit 
 
 nor shall it subscribe to, or be interested m, the stock of anv ^^ corpora- 
 
 " lions. 
 
 company, association or corporation. 
 
 Sec. 10. The exercise of the right of eminent domain shall Eminent do- 
 
 1 1 • T n T 1 1 • T i"aiii> state 
 
 never be so abridged or construed as to prevent the lefirisla- mnv exercise 
 
 . right. 
 
 ture from taking the property and franchises of incorporated 
 companies, and subjecting them to public use the same as the 
 property of individuals. 
 
 Sec. 11. No corporation, association, or individual shall Corporations 
 
 ... 1-1 11^1 *'"'l iiidivid- 
 
 issue or put m circulation as money anything but the lawful uuis shall not 
 money of the United States. Each stockholder of any bank- except lawtui 
 
 . . . . , . . , ,, money of U.S. 
 
 mg or msurance corporation or joint stock association shall 
 
 be individually and personally liable, equally and ratably and Liability of 
 
 ' ^ ,, -, , -, stockholders. 
 
 not one tor another, tor all contracts, debts and engagements 
 
 of such corporation or association accruing while they remain ' 
 such stockholders, to the extent of the amount of their stock 
 therein at the par value thereof, in addition to the amount in- 
 vested in such shares. 
 
 Sec. 12. Any president, director, manager, cashier, or
 
 112 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Insolvent 
 banks shall 
 not receive de 
 posits. 
 
 Common car- 
 riers; rights; 
 duticb. 
 
 Certain cora- 
 binations of 
 forbidden. 
 
 DlBcrimlnation 
 In rates for- 
 bidden. 
 
 Shall not con- 
 BtiUdatOi 
 
 Other officer of any banking institution who shall receive or 
 assent to the reception of deposits after he shall have knowl- 
 edge of the fact that such banking institution is insolvent or 
 in failing circumstances shall be individually responsible for 
 such deposits so received. 
 
 Sec. 13. All railroad, canal and other transportation com- 
 panies are declared to be common carriers and subject to legis- 
 lative control. Any association or corporation organized for 
 the purpose, under the laws of the state, shall have the right 
 to connect at the state line with railroads of other states. 
 Every railroad company shall have the right with its road, 
 whether the same be now constructed or may hereafter be con- 
 structed, to intersect, cross or connect with any other railroad, 
 and when such railroads are of the same or similar gauge they 
 shall, at all crossings and at all points where a railroad shall 
 begin or terminate at or near any other railroad, form proper 
 connections, so that the cars of any such railroad companies 
 may be speedily transferred from one railroad to another. 
 All railroad companies shall receive and transport each the 
 other's passengers, tonnage and cars without delay or dis- 
 crimination. 
 
 Sec. 14. No railroad company or other common carrier 
 shall combine or make any contract with the owners of any 
 vessel that leaves port or makes port in this state, or with any 
 common carrier, by which combination or contract the earn- 
 ings of one doing the carrying are to be shared by the other 
 not doing the carrying. 
 
 Sec. 15. No discrimination in charges or facilities for trans- 
 portation shall be made by any railroad or other transporta- 
 tion company between ])lace.s or persons, or in the facilities 
 for the transportation of the same classes of freight or pas- 
 sengers within this state, or coming from or going to any other 
 state. Persons and property transported over any railroad, 
 or by any other transportation company, or individual, shall 
 be delivered at any station, landing or port, at charges not ex- 
 ceeding the charges for the trans})ortation of ])erson8 and 
 j)roperty of the same class, in the same direction, to any more 
 ♦liHlant station, port or landing. Excursion and commutation 
 tickets may he issued at special rates. 
 
 SiiC. 10. No railroad corporation shall consolidate its stock, 
 property or franchisoH with any other railroad corporation 
 owning a competing line. 
 
 Sec. 17. The rolling stock and other movable property be-
 
 CONSTITUTION. 113 
 
 longing to any railroad company or corporation in this state Rolling stock, 
 shall be considered personal property, and shall be liable to ere'd to be per- 
 
 . T , . , sonal property. 
 
 taxation and to execution and sale in the same manner as the 
 personal property of individuals, and such property shall not 
 be exempted from execution and sale. 
 
 Sec. 18. The legislature shall pass laws establishing reason- Regulation 
 able maximum rates ot charges tor the transportation oi freights by 
 
 -1 /. • 1 1 1 \ legislature. 
 
 passengers and freight, and to correct abuses, and to prevent 
 discrimination and extortion in the rates of freight and pas- 
 senger tariffs on the different railroads and other common car- 
 riers in the state, and shall enforce such laws by adequate 
 penalties. A railroad and transportation commission may be 
 established and its powers and duties fully defined by law. 
 
 Sec. 19. Any association or corporation, or the lessees or Telegraph and 
 •^ . ... telephone corn- 
 
 managers thereof, organized for the purpose, or any individ- panics. 
 
 ual, shall have the right to construct and maintain lines of 
 telegraph and telephone within this state, and said companies 
 shall receive and transmit each other's messages without delay 
 or discrimination, and all of such companies are hereby de- 
 clared to be common carriers and subject to legislative control. 
 Railroad corporations organized or doing business in this state 
 shall allow telegraph and telephone corporations and com- 
 panies to construct and maintain telegraph lines on and along 
 the rights-of-way of such railroads and railroad companies, 
 and no railroad corporation organized or doing business in 
 this state shall allow any telegraph corporation or company 
 any facilities, privileges or rates for transportation of men or 
 material, or for repairing their lines, not allowed to all tele- 
 graph companies. The right of eminent domain is hereby 
 extended to all telegraph and telephone companies. The 
 legislature shall, by general law of uniform operation, provide 
 reasonable regulations to give effect to this section. 
 
 Sec. 20. No railroad or other transportation company shall Free passes, 
 
 ^ r J discrimination 
 
 grant free passes, or sell tickets or passes at a discount, other forbidden. 
 than as sold to the public generally, to any member of the 
 legislature, or to any person holding any public office within 
 this state. The legislature shall pass laws to carry this pro- 
 vision into effect. 
 
 Sec. 21. Railroad companies now or hereafter organized or Railroads shall 
 doing business in this state, shall allow all express companies nate against 
 
 -,,.,..,. . any express 
 
 organized or doing business in this state, transportation over company. 
 all lines of railroad owned or operated by such railroad com- 
 panies upon ,equal terms with any other express company, and 
 
 8
 
 Hi 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Trusts and 
 monopolies 
 forbidden. 
 
 jio railroad corporation organized or doing business in this 
 state shall allow any express corporation or company any 
 facilities, privileges or rates for transportation of men or ma- 
 terials or property carried by them, or for doing the business 
 of such express companies, not allowed to all express com- 
 panies. 
 
 Skc. 22. Monopolies and trusts shall never be allowed in this 
 state, and no incorporated company, copartnership or associa- 
 tion of persons in this state shall directly or indirectly combine 
 or make any contract with any other incorporated company, 
 foreign or domestic, through their stockholders, or the trus- 
 tees or assignees of such stockholders, or with any copartner- 
 ship or association of persons, or in any manner whatever, for 
 the purpose of fixing the price or limiting the production or 
 regulating the transportation of any product or commodity. 
 The legislature shall pass laws for the enforcement of this 
 section by adequate penalties, and in case of incorporated com- 
 panies, if necessary for that purpose, may declare a forfeiture 
 of their charter. 
 
 Educational, 
 reformatory 
 and penal i"n- 
 etitutious. 
 
 ARTICLE XIIT. STATE INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Section 1. Educational, reformatory and penal institutions; 
 those for the benefit of blind, deaf, dumb or otherwise defec- 
 tive youth, for the insane or idiotic, and such other institu- 
 tions as the public good may reqijire, shall be fostered and 
 supported by the state, subject to such regulations as may be 
 provided by law. The regents, trustees, or commissioners of 
 all such institutions existing at the time of the adoption of this 
 constitution, and of such as shall thereafter be established by 
 law, shall be appointed by the governor, by and with the ad- 
 vice and consent of the senate; and upon all nominations 
 made by the govei-nor, the question shall be taken by the ayes 
 and noes, and entered upon the journal. 
 
 ARTICLE XIV. SEAT OF GOVERNMENT. 
 
 Permanent Skctio.v 1. The k"j,isl:it uie shall have no jtower to change, 
 
 loffttlon of Hfnt ■ /. 1 • 1 1 " 
 
 ofRoverniiuiit, or to locatc tlie seat 01 govciiiincnt oi this state; but the ques- 
 
 JjOW CliOHCU. . » , 1 • p 1 p P 
 
 tioii of the jjcrmancnt location or the scat or government or 
 the state Hhall be submitted to the qualified electors of the 
 Icnitory, at the elcclioii to be iield for the adoption of this 
 coiiHlitution. A majority ot all the votes cast at said election, 
 upon said question, shall bo necessary to determine the per- 
 iiiaiH'iit location of the seat of government for the state; and
 
 CONSTTTUTrON". 115 
 
 no place shall ever be the seat of government which shall no'o 
 receive a majority of the votes cast on that matter. In case 
 there shall be no choice of location at said first election, the 
 legislature shall, at its first regular session after the ado])tion 
 of this constitution, provide for submitting to the qualified 
 electors of the state, at the next succeeding general election 
 thereafter, the question of choice of location between the 
 three places for which the highest number of votes shall have 
 been cast at the said first election. Said legislature shall pro- 
 vide further that in case there shall be no choice of location 
 at said second election, the question of choice ISetween the 
 two places for which the highest number of votes shall have 
 been cast, shall be submitted in like manner to the qualified 
 electors of the state at the next ensuing general election: 
 J^rovided, That until the seat of government shall have been Temporary 
 permanently located as herein provided, the temporary loca- 
 tion thereof shall remain at the city of Olympia. 
 
 Sec. 2. When the seat of government shall have been How changed. 
 located as herein provided, the location thereof shall not 
 thereafter be changed except by a vote of two-thirds of all 
 the qualified electors of the state voting on that question, at 
 a general election, at which the question of location of the 
 seat of government shall have been submitted by the legisla- 
 ture. 
 
 Sec. 3. The legislature shall make no appropriations or ex- Capitol buiid- 
 penditures for capitol buildings or grounds, except to keep 
 the territorial capitol buildings and grounds in repair, and 
 for making all necessary additions thereto, until the seat of 
 government shall have been permanently located, and the 
 public buildings are erected at the permanent capital in pur- 
 suance of law. 
 
 ARTICLE XV. HARBORS AND TIDE W^ATERS. 
 
 Section 1. The legislature shall provide for the appoint- Harbor line 
 
 „ .. -, -11,, , -, commission. 
 
 ment or a commission whose duty it shall be to locate and 
 establish harbor lines in the navigable waters of all harbors, 
 estuaries, bays and inlets of this state, wherever such naviga- 
 ble waters lie within or in front of the corporate limits of any 
 city or within one mile thereof upon either side. The state 
 shall never give, sell or lease to any private person, corpora- 
 tion or association any rights whatever in the waters beyond 
 such harbor lines, nor shall any of the area lying between any 
 harbor line and the line of ordinary high tide, and within not 
 less than fifty feet nor more than 000 feet of such harbor line
 
 116 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 aud docks. 
 
 (as the commissioners shall determine) be sold or granted by 
 
 the state, nor its right to control the same relinquished, 
 
 AreM reserved ]ju^ such area shall be forever reserved for landinsjs, wharves, 
 
 for wharves ^ ' ' 
 
 and landings, streets and Other conveniences of navigation and commerce. 
 Leasing of Bites gj^^^ 2. The lesiislature shall provide general laws for the 
 
 for wharves » r » 
 
 leasing of the right to build and maintain wharves, docks and 
 other structures upon the areas mentioned in section 1 of this 
 article, but no lease shall be made for any term longer than 
 thirty years, or the legislature may provide by general laws 
 for the building and maintaining upon such area, wharves, 
 docks and dther structures. 
 
 Sec. 3. Municipal corporations shall have the right to ex- 
 tend their streets over intervening tide lands to and across the 
 area reserved as herein provided. 
 
 Shall not be 
 sold at less 
 than market 
 value. 
 
 Lands for edu- 
 cational pur- 
 poses sold to 
 nighest bidder 
 at public auc- 
 tion. 
 
 School lands, 
 bow Bold. 
 
 AETICLE XVI. SCHOOL AISTD GRANTED LAISTDS. 
 
 Section 1. All the public lands granted to the state are 
 held in trust for all the people, and none of such lands, nor 
 any estate or interest therein, shall ever be disposed of unless 
 the full market value of the estate or interest disposed of, to 
 be ascertained in such manner as may be provided by law, be 
 paid or safely secured to the state; nor shall any lands which 
 the state holds by grant from the United States (in any case 
 in w^hich the manner of disposal and minimum price are so 
 prescribed) be disposed of except in the manner and for at 
 least the price prescribed in the grant thereof, without the con- 
 sent of the United States. 
 
 Sec. 2. None of the lands granted to the state for educa- 
 tional purposes shall be sold otherwise than at public auction 
 to the highest bidder. The value thereof, less the improve- 
 ments, shall, before any sale, be appraised by a board of ap- 
 praisers, to be provided by law, the terms of payment also 
 to be prescribed by law, and no sale shall be valid unless the 
 sum l>id be equal to the appraised value of said land. In 
 estimating the value of such lands for disposal, the value of the 
 improvotiicnts tlicreon shall be ext-luded: Provided., That the 
 sale of all school and university laml lierctofore made by the 
 conimissionerH of any counly or the university commissioners, 
 when the purchase price has been paid in good faith, may be 
 coiiliiincil l»y the i(^<i;islat uic. 
 
 Si:c. '.i. No more than one-fourth of the land granted to the 
 state for educational jturposes shall be sold prior to January 
 1, 1H9.0, and not more than <jne-lialf |)rior to January 1, 1905:
 
 CONSTITUTION. 117 
 
 Prmnded, That nothing herein shall be so construed as to 
 prevent the state from selling the timber or stone off of any 
 of the state lands in such manner and on such terms as may 
 be prescribed by law: And provided further, That no sale of 
 timber lands shall be valid unless the full value of such lands 
 is paid or secured to the state. 
 
 Sec. 4. No more than one hundred and sixty (160) acres of Subdivision of. 
 any granted lands of the state shall be offered for sale in one 
 parcel, and all lands within the limits of any incorporated city, 
 or within two miles of the boundary of any incorporated city, 
 where the valuation of such lands shall be found by appraise- 
 ment to exceed one hundred dollars (1 100) per acre, shall, be- 
 fore the same be sold, be platted into lots and blocks of not 
 more than five acres in a block, and not more than one block 
 shall be offered for sale in one parcel. 
 
 Sec. 5. None of the permanent school fund shall ever be investment of 
 
 , T . . , . , . funds. 
 
 loaned to private persons or corporations, but it may be in- 
 vested in national, state, county or municipal bonds. 
 
 ARTICLE XVII. TIDE LANDS. 
 
 Section 1. The State of Washington asserts its ownership claim of state. 
 to the beds and shores of all navigable waters in the state up 
 to and including the line of ordinary high tide, in waters 
 where the tide ebbs and flows, and up to and including the 
 line of ordinary high water within the banks of all navigable 
 rivers and lakes: Provided, That this section shall not be 
 construed so as to debar any person from asserting his claim 
 to vested rights in the courts of the state. 
 
 Sec. 2. The state of Washington disclaims all title in and Ownership dis- 
 
 claimed to cer- 
 
 claim to all tide, swamp and overflowed lands patented by the tain lands. 
 United States: Provided, The same is not impeached for 
 fraud. 
 
 ARTICLE XVIII. state SEAL. 
 
 Section 1. The seal of the State of Washington shall be, a Design of. 
 seal encircled with the words : ' ' The seal of the State of Wash- 
 ington," with the vignette of Gen. George Washington 
 as the central figure, and beneath the vignette the figures 
 "1889." 
 
 ARTICLE XIX. EXEMPTIONS. 
 
 Section 1. The legislature shall protect by law from forced Homestead, 
 sale a certain portion of the homestead and other property of 
 all heads of families.
 
 113 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 ARTICLE XX. PUBLIC HEALTH AXD VITA". STATISTICS. 
 
 Board of SECTION 1. There shall be established by law a state board 
 
 health. _ ... 
 
 of health and a bureau of vital statistics in connection there- 
 with, with such powers as the legislature may direct. 
 Practice of Sec. 2. The leijislature shall enact laws to reo;ulate the 
 
 medicine. _ ~ '^ 
 
 practice of medicine and surgery, and the sale of drugs and 
 medicines. 
 
 ARTICLE XXI. WATER AND WATER RIGHTS. 
 
 Water rights. SECTION 1. The use of the waters of the state for irrigation, 
 mining and manufacturing purposes shall be deemed a pub- 
 lic use. 
 
 ARTICLE XXII. LEGISLATIVE APPORTIONMENT. 
 
 First appor- SECTION 1. Until Otherwise provided by law, the state shall 
 
 atoriaidis- be divided into twenty-four (24) senatorial districts, and said 
 districts shall be constituted and numbered as follows: The 
 counties of Stevens and Spokane shall constitute the first dis- 
 trict, and be entitled to one senator; the county of Spokane 
 shall constitute the second district, and be entitled to three 
 senators; the county of Lincoln shall constitute the third dis- 
 trict, and be entitled to one senator; the counties of Okano- 
 gan, Lincoln, Adams and Franklin shall constitute the fourth 
 district, and be entitled to one senator; the county of Whit- 
 man shall constitute the fifth district, and be entitled to three 
 senators; the counties of Garfield and Asotin shall constitute 
 the sixth district, and be entitled to one senator; the county 
 of Columbia shall constitute the seventh district, and be en- 
 titled to one senator; the county of Walla Walla shall consti- 
 tute the eighth district, and be entitled to two senators; the 
 counties of Yakima and Douglas shall constitute the ninth 
 district, and be entitled to one senator; the county of Kitti- 
 tas shall constitute the tenth disti-ict, and be entitled to one 
 senator; the counties of Klickitat and Skamania shall consti- 
 tute the eleventh district, and be entitled to one senator; the 
 county of Clarke shall constitute the twelfth district, and be 
 entitled to one senator; the county of Cowlitz shall constitute 
 the tliirt('(!ntli district, and be entitled to one senator; the 
 county of licwis shall constitute tlie fourteenth district, and 
 be entitled to one senator; the counties of Pacific and VVah- 
 kiaknni shall constitntc iIk; (iCtccntJi disli-ic-t,, and be entitled 
 to on(i senator; the county of Tlinrston shall constitute the 
 Bixtc(aith district, and be entillcci to one senator; the county 
 of ( liclKilis shall constitnte the scvciitccntli district, and be
 
 CONSTITUTION. 119 
 
 entitled to one senator; the connty of Pier(;e sliall constilule 
 the eighteenth district, and be entitled to tliree senators; the 
 county of King sliall constitute the nineteenth district, and be 
 entitled to tive senators; the counties of Mason and Kitsap 
 shall constitute the twentieth district, and be entitled to one 
 senator; the counties of Jefferson, Clallam and San Juan shall 
 constitute the twenty-first district, and be entitled to one 
 senator; the county of Snohomish shall constitute the twenty- 
 second district, and shall be entitled to one senator; the coun- 
 ties of Skagit and Island shall constitute the twenty-third 
 district, and be entitled to one senator; the county of What- 
 com shall constitute the twenty-fourth district, and be entitled 
 to one senator. 
 
 Sec. 2. Until otlierwise provided bylaw, the representatives First appor- 
 
 iiiiT-11 I- tionment, rep- 
 
 shall be divided among the several counties of the state m the resentative 
 
 districts. 
 
 following manner: The county of Adams shall have one rep- 
 resentative; the county of Asotin shall have one representa- 
 tive; the county of Chehalis shall have two representatives; 
 the county of Clarke shall have three representatives; the 
 county of Clallam shall have one representative; the county 
 of Columbia shall have two representatives; the county of 
 Cowlitz shall have one representative; the county of Douglas 
 shall have one representative; the county of Franklin shall 
 have one representative; the county of Garfield shall have one 
 representative; tie county of Island shall have one represent- 
 ative; the county of -lefferson shall have two representatives; 
 thecounty of King shall have eight representatives; the county 
 of Klickitat shall have two representatives; the county of 
 Kittitas shall have two representatives; the county of Kitsap 
 shall have one representative; the county of Lewis shall have 
 two representatives; the county of Lincoln shall have two 
 representatives; the county of Mason shall have one repre- 
 sentative; the county of Okanogan shall have one representa- 
 tive; the county of Pacific shall have one representative; the 
 county of Pierce shall have six representatives; the county of 
 San Juan shall have one representative; the county of Ska- 
 mania shall have one representative; the county of Snohomish 
 shall have two representatives; the county of Skagit shall 
 have two representatives; the county of Spokane shall have 
 six representatives; the county of Stevens shall have one 
 representative; the county of Thurston shall have two repre- 
 sentatives; the county of Walla Walla shall have three 
 representatives; the county of Wahkiakum shall have one
 
 j^20 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 representative; the county of Whatcom shall have two repre- 
 sentatives; the county of Whitman shall have five representa- 
 tives; the county of Yakima shall have one representative. 
 
 AETICLE XXIII. AMENDMENTS. 
 
 State coustitu- SECTION 1. Any amendment or amendments to this consti- 
 amended. tution may be proposed in either branch of the legislature, and 
 if the same shall be agreed to by two-thirds of the members 
 elected to each of the two houses, such proposed amendment 
 or amendments shall be entered in their journals, with the 
 ayes and noes thereon, and be submitted to the qualified elec- 
 tors of the state for their approval, at the next general election, 
 and if the people approve and ratify such amendment or amend- 
 ments, by a majority of the electors voting thereon, the same 
 shall become part of this constitution, and proclamation thereof 
 shall be made by the governor: Provided, That if more than 
 one amendment be submitted, they shall be submitted in such 
 a manner that the people may vote for or against such amend- 
 ments separately. The legislature shall also cause the amend- 
 ments that are to be submitted to the people to be published 
 for at least three months next preceding the election, in some 
 Aveekly newspaper in every county where a newspaper is pub- 
 lished throughout the state. 
 Convention to Sec. 2. Whenever two-thirds of the members elected to each 
 
 amend c-onsii- , . , i n i • ii 
 
 tution, how branch ot the legislature shall deem it necessary to call a con- 
 
 called. . . 
 
 vention to revise or amend this constitution, they shall recom- 
 mend to the electors to vote at the next general election for 
 or aorainst a convention, and if a majority of all the electors 
 voting at said election shall have voted for a convention, the 
 legislature shall, at the next session, provide by law for calling 
 the same; and such convention shall consist of a number of 
 members not less than that of the most numerous branch of 
 the legislature. 
 
 Vot<»rBmu8t Skc. .'3. Any constitution adopted by such convention shall 
 
 have no validity until it has been submitted to and adopted by 
 the people. 
 
 ARTICLE XXIV. BOUNDARIES. 
 
 BonndaricH of SECTION 1. 'Y\\G boundaries of the State of Washington 
 •tatodefine.i. ^^^_^j| ^^^^ _^^ f,,llows: liegiiiuiiig at a point in the Pacific ocean 
 oiii' iiiniiiic league <lue wcsl, of and opposite the middle of the 
 iiK.iitli of tli(! noi-tli ship cliMiiiiel of the Columbia river, thence 
 running easterly to ;iiiil n|i the middle channel of said i-iver 
 and where it is divided l)y islands up the middle of the wlilost
 
 CONSTITUTION. 121 
 
 channel thereof to where the forty-sixth parallel of north lat- 
 itude crosses said river, near the mouth of the Walla Walla 
 river; thence east on said forty-sixth parallel of latitude to 
 the middle of the main channel of the Shoshone or Snake 
 river; thence follow down the middle of the main channel of 
 Snake river to a point opposite the mouth of the Kooskooskia 
 or Clear Water river; thence due north to the forty-ninth 
 parallel of north latitude; thence west along said forty-ninth 
 parallel of north latitude to the middle of the channel which 
 separates Vancouver's Island from the continent, that is to 
 say to a point in longitude 123 degrees, 19 minutes and 15 
 seconds west; thence following the boundary line between the 
 United States and British possessions through the channel 
 which separates Vancouver's Island from the continent to the 
 termination of the boundary line between the United States 
 and British possessions at a point in the Pacific ocean equi- 
 distant between Bonnilla point on Vancouver's Island and 
 Tatoosh Island lighthouse; thence running in a southerly 
 course and parallel with the coast line, keeping one marine 
 league off shore, to place of beginning. 
 
 ARTICLE XXV. JURISDICTION^. 
 
 Section 1. The consent of the State of Washington is United states 
 nereby given to the exercise, by the congress or the U nited diction over 
 
 certain tracts 
 
 States, of exclusive lesrislation in all cases whatsoever over and parcels of 
 
 ' *= land. 
 
 such tracts or parcels of land as are now held or reserved by 
 the government of the United States for the purpose of erect- 
 ing or maintaining thereon forts, magazines, arsenals, dock- 
 yards, lighthouses and other needful buildings, in accordance 
 with the provisions of the seventeenth paragraph of the eighth 
 section of the first article of the constitution of the United 
 States, so long as the same shall be so held and reserved by the 
 United States : Provided, That a sufficient description by metes 
 and bounds, and an accurate plat or map of each such tract or 
 parcel of land be filed in the proper office of record in the 
 county in which the same is situated, together with copies of 
 the orders, deeds, patents or other evidences in writing of the 
 title of the United States: And provided, That all civil pro- Exception. 
 cess issued from the courts of this state, and such criminal 
 process as may issue under the authority of this state, against 
 any person charged with crime in cases arising outside of such 
 reservations, may be served and executed thereon in the same
 
 122 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 mode and manner, and by the same officers, as if the consent 
 herein oriven had not been made. 
 
 Religious tol- 
 eration guar- 
 anteed. 
 
 Rights to un- 
 appropriated 
 public lands 
 disclaimed. 
 
 DebtB of terri- 
 tory aBsumcd. 
 
 Bvstem of pnlj 
 lie schoolH 
 guaranteed. 
 
 ARTICLE XXVI. COMPACT WITH THE UNITED STATES. 
 
 The following ordinance shall be irrevocable without the 
 consent of the United States and the people of this state: 
 
 First: That perfect toleration of religious sentiment shall 
 be secured, and that no inhabitant of this state shall ever be 
 molested in person or property on account of his or her mode 
 of religious worship. 
 
 Second: That the people inhabiting this state do agree and 
 declare that they forever disclaim all right and title to the 
 unappropriated public lands lying within the boundaries of 
 this state, and to all lands lying within said limits owned or 
 held by any Indian or Indian tribes; and that, until the title 
 thereto shall have been extinguished by the United States, 
 the same shall be and remain subject to the disposition of the 
 United States, and said Indian lands shall remain under the 
 absolute jurisdiction and control of the congress of the United 
 States, and that the lands belonging to citizens of the United 
 States residing without the limits of this state shall never be 
 taxed at a higher rate than the lands belonging to residents 
 thereof, and that no taxes shall be imposed by the state on 
 lands or property therein belonging to or which may be here- 
 after purchased by the United States or reserved for use: 
 Provided, That nothing in this ordinance shall preclude the 
 state from taxing, as other lands are taxed, any lands owned 
 or held by any Indian who has severed liis tribal rehitions, and 
 has obtained from the United States or from any person a 
 title thereto by patent or other grant, save and except such 
 lands as have been or may be granted to any Indian or Indians 
 under any act of congress containing a provision exempting 
 the lands thus granted from taxation, which exemption shall 
 continue so long and to such an extent as such actof congress 
 may prescribe. 
 
 Tliird: 'Jlic debts and llnhilitics of tin' Territory of Wash- 
 ington, and pavniciil <>l I lie same, are hereby assiiineil by this 
 stale. 
 
 Fourth: rrovision sIimII Ik- niaiic for 1 lie (•st;il»lisliin('n(, and 
 Miaintcnanc-e of systems of |inhlic scliuols fret' I'roni sectarian 
 coiiti-ol, wliii-ii sIimI! lie oiicn tn ;ill the cliildreii ol' said state.
 
 CONSTITUTION. J 23 
 
 AKTICLE XXVn. SCHEDULE. 
 
 In order tliat no inconvenience may arise by rea!<on of a 
 change from a territorial to a state government, it is hereby 
 declared and ordained as follows: 
 
 Section 1. No existing rights, actions, snits, proceedings, 
 contracts or claims shall be affected by a change in the form 
 of government, but all shall continue as if no change had 
 taken place; and all process which may have been issued under 
 the authority of the Territory of Washington previous to its 
 admission into the Union shall be as valid as if issued in the 
 name of the state. 
 
 Sec. 2. All laws now in force in the Territory of Washing- Lawsof terri- 
 
 •' . tory of Wash- 
 
 ton, which are not repugnant to this constitution, shall remain ington valid. 
 
 in force until they expire by their own limitation, or are altered 
 or repealed by the legislature: Provided, That this section 
 shall not be so construed as to validate any act of the legis- 
 lature of Washington Territory granting shore or tide lands 
 to any person, company or any municipal or private corpora- 
 tion. 
 
 Sec. 3. All debts, fines, penalties and forfeitures, which i^ebts, fines, 
 
 ' ' ' • ' etc., inure to 
 
 have accrued, or may hereafter accrue, to the Territory of state. 
 Washington, shall inure to State of Washington. 
 
 Sec. 4. All recognizances heretofore taken, or which may be Recognizances 
 taken before the change from a territorial to a state govern- territorial gov- 
 
 1 11 • i-'i 1 1 11 T 1 ernment valid 
 
 ment, shall remain valid, and shall pass to and may be prose- understate 
 
 government 
 cuted m the name of the state, and all bonds executed to the 
 
 Territory of Washington or to any county or municipal cor- 
 poration, or to any ofhcer or court in his or its official capacity, 
 shall pass to the state authorities and their successors in office, 
 for the uses therein expressed, and may be sued for and re- 
 covered accordingly, and all the estate, real, personal and 
 mixed, and all judgments, decrees, bonds, specialties, choses 
 in action, and claims or debts, of whatever description, be- 
 longing to the Territory of Washington, shall inure to and 
 vest in the State of Washington, and may be sued for and re- 
 covered in the same manner, and to the same extent, by the 
 State of Washington, as the same could have been by the 
 Territory of Washington. 
 
 Sec. 5. All criminal prosecutions and penal actions wliicl Pcual actiona. 
 may have arisen, or which may arise, before the change from 
 a territorial to a state government, and which shall then be 
 pending, shall be prosecuted to judgment and execution in the 
 name of the state. All offenses committed against the laws
 
 124 
 
 CONSTiTUTION. 
 
 First election 
 of officers. 
 
 Courts, trans 
 fer of cases. 
 
 of the Territory of Washington, before the change from a 
 territorial to state government, and which shall not be prose- 
 cuted before such change, may be prosecuted in the name and 
 by the authority of the State of Washington, with like effect 
 as though such change had not taken place; and all penalties 
 incurred shall remain the same as if this constitution had not 
 been adopted. All actions at law and suits in equity which 
 may be pending in any of the courts of the Territory of Wash- 
 ington, at the time of the change from a territorial to a state 
 government, shall be continued and transferred to the court 
 of the state having jurisdiction of the subject matter thereof. 
 PubUc officers. Sec. 6. All officers now holding their office under the author- 
 ity of the United States, or of the Territory of Washington, 
 shall continue to hold and exercise their respective offices until 
 they shall be superseded by the authority of the state. 
 
 Sec. 7. All officers provided for in this constitution, includ- 
 ing a county clerk for each county, when no other time is fixed 
 for their election, shall be elected at the election to be held for 
 the adoption of this constitution on the first Tuesday of Oc- 
 tober, 1889. 
 
 Sec. 8. Whenever the judge of the superior court of any 
 county, elected or appointed under the provisions of this con- 
 stitution, shall have qualified, the several causes then pending 
 in the district court of the territory, except such causes as 
 would have been within the exclusive jurisdiction of the 
 United States district court, had such court existed at the 
 time of the commcucement of such causes within such county, 
 and the records, ])apers and proceedings of said district court, 
 and the seal and otlier })roperty pertaining thereto, shall pass 
 into the jui-isdiction and possession of the sui)erior court of 
 such county. And where the judge is elected for two or more 
 counties, it sliall be the duty of the clerk of the district court 
 having custody of such papers and records to trnnsmit to the 
 clerk of such county or counties, other than that in wliich 
 such reconls are ke])t, the original papers in all cases pending 
 in such district and belonging to the jurisdiction of such 
 county or counties, togctlici- with t rnnscript of so much of the 
 r(!<M)rds of said district (•<)urt as relate to tin; same; and until 
 the <listrict courts of the territory shall be superseded in man- 
 ner :ilorcs;iiil, the s;ii(| dislricl courts and the judges thereof 
 shall (M»ntinu(! svilli the same jurisdiction and powers, to be 
 exercised intlHisainr jiiclicial districts, respectively, as hereto- 
 fore constituted under the hiws .if the tcu'ritory. Whenevera
 
 CONSTITUTION. 125 
 
 'Quorum of the judges of the supreme court of the state shall 
 have been elected and qualified, the causes then pending in 
 the supreme court of the territory, except such causes as would 
 have been within the exclusive jurisdiction of the United 
 States circuit court, had such court existed at the time of the 
 commencement of such causes, and the papers, records and 
 proceedings of said court, and the seal and other property- 
 pertaining thereto, shall pass into the jurisdiction and posses- 
 sion of the supreme court of the state, and until so superseded, 
 the supreme court of the territory and the judges thereof shall 
 continue with like powers and jurisdiction as if this constitu- 
 tion had not been adopted. 
 
 Sec. 9. Until otherwise provided by law, the seal now in Court seals, 
 use in the supreme court of the territory shall be the seal of 
 the supreme court of the state. The seal of the superior 
 courts of the several counties of the state shall be, until other- 
 wise provided by law, the vignette of General George Wash- 
 ington, with the words: "Seal of the superior court of 
 
 county," surrounding the vignette. The seal of municipali- 
 ties, and of all county officers of the territory, shall be the 
 seals of such municipalities and county officers, respectively, 
 under the state, until otherwise provided by law. 
 
 Sec. 10. When the state is admitted into the Union, and Probate court 
 
 ' cases to be 
 
 the superior courts in their respective counties organized, the transferred to 
 
 ^ . . superior courL 
 
 books, records, papers and proceedings of the probate court 
 in each county, and all causes and matters of administration 
 pending therein, shall, upon the expiration of the term of of- 
 fice of the probate judges, on the second Monday in January, 
 1891, pass into the jurisdiction and possession of the superior 
 court of the same county created by this constitution, and the 
 said court shall proceed to final judgment or decree, order or 
 other determination, in the several matters and causes as the 
 territorial probate court might have done if this constitution 
 had not been adopted. And until the expiration of the term 
 of office of the probate judges, such probate judges shall per- 
 form the duties now imposed upon them by the laws of the ter- 
 ritory. The superior courts shall have appellate and revisory 
 jurisdiction over the decisions of the probate courts, as now 
 provided by law, until such latter courts expire by limitation. 
 Sec. 11. The legislature, at its first session, shall provide 
 for the election of all officers whose election is not provided 
 for elsewhere in this constitution, and fix the time for com- 
 mencement and duration of their term.
 
 126 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Contests at 
 first election. 
 
 Representative 
 in congress. 
 
 District, coun- 
 ty and precinct 
 oflicers to iiold 
 office until 
 1891. 
 
 P'loctlon to 
 adopt consti- 
 tution, how 
 conducted. 
 
 State conntl In 
 tlon In ellect, 
 when. 
 
 Sec. 12. In cape of a contest of election between candidates, 
 at the lirst geneial election under this constitution, forjudges 
 of the superior courts, the evidence shall be taken in the man- 
 ner prescribed by the territorial laws, and the testimony so 
 taken shall be certified to the secretary of state; and said of- 
 ficer, together with the governor and treasurer of state, shall 
 review the evidence and determine who is entitled to the cer- 
 tificate of election. 
 
 Sec. 13. One representative in the congress of the United 
 States shall be elected from the state at large, at the first elec- 
 tion provided for in this constitution; and thereafter at such 
 times and places and in such manner as may be prescribed by 
 law. When a new apportionment shall be made by congress, 
 the legislature shall divide the state into congressional dis- 
 tricts, in accordance with such apportionment. The vote cast 
 for representative in congress, at the first election, shall be 
 canvassed and the result determined in the manner provided 
 for by the laws of the territory for the canvass of the vote 
 for delegate in congress. 
 
 Sec. 14. All district, county and precinct officers, who 
 may be in ofiice at the time of the adoption of this constitu- 
 tion, and the county clerk of each county elected at the first 
 election, shall hold their respective offices until the second 
 Monday of January, A. D. 1891, and until such time as their 
 successors may be elected and qualified, in accordance with 
 the provisions of this constitution; and the official bonds of 
 all such officers shall continue in full force and effect as though 
 this constit ution had not been adopted. And stu'h officers shall 
 continue to receive the com])ensation now provided until the 
 same be changed by law. 
 
 Sec. 15. The election held at the time of the adoj)tion of 
 this constitution shall be lield and conducted in all respects 
 accf)rdiiig to the laws of the territory, and the votes cast at 
 said clcciion for all officers (where no other provisions are 
 niadc in this constitution), and for the adoption of this con- 
 stitution and th(! several separate articles, and the location of 
 lh(! st;itc capital, shall be canvassed and returned in the several 
 counties in the maniKM- provided by territorial law, and sliall 
 be returned to the s(^(tretary of tlie territory in the manner 
 pi-ovidcd 1)V tlif (MKililiiig act. 
 
 Sicc. IG. 'IMie provisions of this constitution shall be in force 
 from tlie day on which the presi<lentof the United States sliall 
 issue his j»r<;chiMiation declaring tlu; State of Washington ad-
 
 CONSTITUTION. 127 
 
 mitted into the Union, and the terms of all oflieers elected at 
 the first election under the provisions of this constitution . 
 shall commence on the Monday next succeeding the issue of 
 said proclamation, unless otherwise provided herein. 
 
 Sec. 17. The following separate articles shall be submitted cfJ'gYubmmed. 
 to the people for adoption or rejection at the election for the 
 adoption of this constitution: Separate article No. 1. "AH fj.|^'|;^®^^^" 
 persons, male and female, of the age of 21 years, or over, pos- 
 sessing the qualifications, provided by this constitution, shall 
 be entitled to vote at all elections." Separate article No. 2. 
 
 '*It shall not be lawful for any individual, company or cor- Prohibition 
 
 .,. .... ^1- ,. article. 
 
 poration, withm the limits or this state, to manutacture, or 
 
 cause to be manufactured, or to sell, or offer for sale, or in 
 any manner dispose of, any alcoholic, malt or spirituous liquors, 
 except for medicinal, sacramental or scientific purposes." If 
 a majority of the ballots cast at said election on said separate 
 articles be in favor of the adoption of either of said separate 
 articles, then such separate articles so receiving a majority 
 shall become a part of this constitution and shall govern and 
 control any provision of the constitution in conflict there- 
 with. 
 
 Sec. 18. The form of ballot to be used in voting for or Form of ballot, 
 against this constitution, or for or against the separate arti- 
 cles, or for the permanent location of the seat of government, 
 shall be: 
 
 1. For the Constitution. 
 Against the Constitution. 
 
 2. For Woman Suffrage Article. 
 Against Woman Suffrage Article. 
 
 3. For Prohibition Article. 
 Against Prohibition Article. 
 
 4. For the permanent location of the seat of Government. 
 [Name of place voted for.] 
 
 Sec. 19. The legislature is hereby authorized to appropriate Appropriation 
 
 •^ . autliorized to 
 
 from the state treasury sufficient money to pay any of the ex- pay deflcitncy. 
 
 penses of this convention not provided for by the enabling act 
 
 of congress. 
 
 CERTIFICATE. 
 
 We, the undersigned, members of the convention to form a 
 constitution for the State of Washington, which is to be sub-- 
 mitted to the people for their adoption or rejection, do hereby 
 declare this to be the constitution formed by us, and in testi- 
 mony thereof, do hereunto set our hands, this twenty-second
 
 128 
 
 CONSTITUTION. 
 
 day of August, anno domini, one thousand eigbt hundred and 
 ughty-nine. 
 
 JOHN p. HOYT, President. 
 J. J. BROWNE, 
 N. G. BLALOCK, 
 JOHN F. GOWEY, 
 FRANK M. DALLAM, 
 JAMES Z. MOORE, 
 E. H. SULLIVAN, 
 GEORGE TURNER, 
 AUSTIN MIRES, 
 M. M. GODMAN, 
 GWIN HICKS, 
 WM. P. PROSSER, 
 LOUIS SOHNS, 
 
 A. A. LINDSLEY, 
 
 J. J. WEISENBURGER, 
 P. C. SULLIVAN, 
 
 B. S. MORE, 
 THOMAS T. MINOR, 
 J. J. TRAVIS, 
 ARNOLD J. WEST, 
 CHARLES T. FAY, 
 CHARLES P. COEY, 
 ROB'T F. STURDEVANT, 
 JOHN A. SHOUDY, 
 ALLEN WEIR, 
 
 W. B. GRAY, 
 TRUSTEN P. DYER, 
 GEO. H. JONES, 
 B. L. SHARPSTEIN, 
 H. M. LILLIS, 
 J. F. VAN NAME, 
 ALBERT SCHOOLEY, 
 H. C. WILLISON, 
 T. M. REED, 
 S. H. MANLY, 
 RICHARD JEFFS, 
 
 Attest : 
 
 FRANCIS HENRY, 
 GEORGE COMEGYS, 
 OLIVER H. JOY, 
 DAVID E. DURIE, 
 D. BUCHANAN, 
 JOHN R. KINNEAR, 
 GEORGE W. TIBBETTS, 
 H. W. FAIRWEATHER, 
 THOMAS C. GRIFFITHS 
 
 C. H. WARNER, 
 J. P. T. McCROSKEY, 
 S. G. COSGROVE, 
 THOS. HAYTON, 
 SAM'L H. BERRY, 
 
 D. J. CROWLEY, 
 
 J. T. Mcdonald, 
 
 JOHN M. REED, 
 EDWARD ELDRIDGE, 
 GEO. H. STEVENSON, 
 SILVIUS A. DICKEY, 
 HENRY WINSOR, 
 THEODORE L. STILES, 
 JAMES A. BURK, 
 JOHN McREAVY, 
 R. O. DUNBAR, 
 MORGAN MORGANS, 
 JAS. POWER, 
 B. B. GLASCOCK, 
 O. A. BOWEN, 
 HARRISON CLOTHIER, 
 
 MATT. J. Mcelroy, 
 
 J. T. ESHELMAN, 
 ROBERT JAMIESON, 
 HIRAM E. ALLEN, 
 H. F. SUKSDORF, 
 J. C. KELLOGG. 
 
 JNO. L BOOGE, Ghie/ Clerk.
 
 SYNOPSIS OF OFFICIAL OPINIONS AND RULINGS ON 
 QUESTIONS OF SCHOOL LAW. 
 
 BY ATTORNEY GENERAL. 
 
 1. When cities, in extending their limits, take in other districts or 
 parts of districts, and in so doing take in a part or all of the school 
 district oflScers of such included school districts, the officers so taken into 
 the city district do not become a part of the board of directors of the city 
 districts so extending their limits. 
 
 2. Every teacher must attend the county institute during the entire 
 time it is in session, or furnish a valid excuse for non-attendance. 
 
 3. The superintendent of public instruction has the right to review 
 any and all work of a county board of examiners in case of an appeal 
 from their decision.. 
 
 4. Publishers now under contract to supply text books for the public 
 schools of the State of Washington, must exchange text books of any 
 kind or grade for those of the same grade, or for those of the grade next 
 lower, at the option of the purchaser, upon payment of the contract ex- 
 change price. 
 
 5. The persons appointed by the county superintendent, who, together 
 with himself, constitute the county board of examination, are officers 
 within the meaning of the law, and should take the oath of office required 
 of other county officers. There is as much reason why they should take 
 an oath to faithfully perform the duties of their office as for the county 
 superintendent to take the same oath. They act in an official capacity 
 when assisting the county superintendent, and are not mere employes 
 of the county. 
 
 6. Children of school age, residing upon military reservations lying 
 within any school district, constitute a legitimate portion of the school 
 population of the district, and should be enumerated as other children are. 
 
 7. The words found in section 16 of the act of 1891, namely, "The 
 provisions of this section shall be construed to apply to the entire county 
 and not a portion thereof," do not repeal section 32 of an act approved 
 March 26, 1890. The closing section of the act of 1891 [see page 3, 
 "Introduction,"] shows that it was not intended to modify or repeal the. 
 
 —9 ( 129 )
 
 130 OPINIONS AND RULINGS. 
 
 former act relating to schools in incorporated cities, and the words quoted 
 must be understood to mean that the provisions of the act of 1891 shall 
 apply to the entire county so far as such application is not repugnant to 
 the provisions of the act of March 26, 1890. 
 
 8. The stated reading of the Bible in the public schools of this state 
 is a religious exercise within the meaning of the constitution, and as 
 such is thereby prohibited in section 11, article i of that document. 
 
 9. Any person who is actually the head of a family, that is, who is 
 under legal obligation to provide for the support and education of persons 
 dependent upon him, and who is in fact providing for their education 
 and support, is the head of a family for the purpose of signing petitions 
 relating to school matters, whether he is a legal voter or not. Any per- 
 son who is not the head of a family within the definition given above is 
 not qualified to sign such petition, though he be a legal voter. 
 
 10. When a petition is presented to a county superintendent praying 
 for the organization of a new school district, he may, after he has heard 
 all the evidence presented by the parties interested, exercise his judgment, 
 within reasonable limits, in the organization of such new district and the 
 fixing of its boundaries, and in so doing, he may correct any mistakes 
 that may have been made in the description given in the petition, and in 
 a proper case modify the boundaries described therein. 
 
 11. A county superintendent has the power, and it is his duty, to revoke 
 the certificate of a teacher for the violation of his duties as enjoined by 
 the law relating to the conduct of the common schools of the state. 
 
 12. A person can not legally hold the office of school district director 
 and that of school district clerk at one and the same time. 
 
 13. If a teacher is a near relative of a member of the school district 
 board, he is not, by reason of such relationship alone, rendered ineligible 
 to election as a teacher in a school under the management of such board 
 of directors. 
 
 DECISIONS BY STATE SUPERINTENDENT. 
 
 1. It is tlie duty of boards of directors to make all necessary rules and 
 regulations for tlie systematic transaction of their official business, and 
 to transact all l)iisiiiosH as (i hoard, at hoard meethujK. 
 
 2. The notice to l)e given by the scliool district clerk, of all meetings 
 of tlie board of directors, is not a notice to the public, but simply a no- 
 tice to the iiiciiibcrs of the hoard. A lailiire to give the required notice 
 does not, of itscir, invalidate the meeting, )>rovidcd all members of the 
 board actually attend the meeting and participate in its transactions. 
 That is to say, the directors cannot attend a meeting of the l)oard and
 
 OPINIONS AND RULINGS. 131 
 
 participate in its transactions and then plead that the proceedings were 
 illegal because of a lack of notice required to be given by the clerk. 
 
 3. In the absence of any by-law of the board prescribing the manner 
 of calling them, special meetings of the board of directors may be called 
 by the chairman, or by a majority of the board. 
 
 4. A written record of the proceedings of all board meetings must be 
 kept by the clerk. Should the clerk be absent from any meeting of the 
 board, one of the directors must be chosen to act as clerk of the meeting, 
 and he must present a certified copy of the record made by him to the 
 clerk, who must record the same in his record book. 
 
 5. A board of directors may authorize the use of a school house for 
 night schools, or for the meetings of literary, scientific, religious, politi- 
 cal, mechanical or agricultural societies, but under such restrictions and 
 regulations as will secure immunity from damage to the school, school 
 property, or to the books or other property of the pupils who may be in 
 attendance. The spirit of the law is, that school houses shall be used for 
 public school purposes, and all incidental uses must be under such re- 
 strictions as to result in no injury to the school or to the school property. 
 
 6. Boards of directors and other school officers possess such powers as 
 are delegated to them by law, and such other implied powers as are nec- 
 essary in order to transact all business pi-escribed by law. 
 
 v. Boards of directors cannot lawfully buy real estate for the use of 
 the district, nor sell real estate belonging to the district, except when 
 directed to do so by a vote of the people. 
 
 8. Every school district which fails to maintain a public school during 
 at least three school months within each school year, forfeits its right to 
 all apportionments of school funds by the county superintendent. 
 
 9. In case a school district shall fail to elect officers at the time and in 
 the manner prescribed by law, the officers whose terms of office expire at 
 the time such election should take place, do not hold over or continue in 
 office until the next election, but the offices which they hold become 
 vacant, and can only be filled by appointment, as special elections cannot 
 be held for the election of such officers. That is to say, an officer who is 
 elected or appointed to any office for a specific time, "and until his suc- 
 cessor is elected and qualified," has no legal claims upon the office for a 
 greater period than that for which he was elected or appointed, and it is 
 the right of the people to demand the appointment of his successor, and it 
 is the duty of the county superintendent to appoint him; but should no 
 appointment be made, it is the duty of the officer whose time has expired 
 to continue to discharge the duties of his office until his successor is 
 elected or appointed and qualified, as the law directs. He is an officer de 
 facto, and his acts are just as legal as they were prior to the expiration of
 
 132 OPINIONS AND RULINGS. 
 
 the time for which he was elected or appointed. His legal claim to the 
 office has simply ceased. 
 
 10. Appointments of officers made by a county superintendent do not 
 extend beyond the time of the next annual election. 
 
 11. Joint districts, that is, districts lying partly in one county and 
 partly in another, cannot be formed under existing laws, but all joint dis- 
 tricts that had a legal existence prior to March 27, 1890, are recognized as 
 legal school districts, and the boundaries of such districts cannot be dis- 
 turbed or altered except by the joint action of the superintendents of the 
 several counties in which they lie. 
 
 12. A teacher does not forfeit his certificate by non-attendance at a 
 teachers' institute, but simply renders xt forfeitable in case he has not a 
 valid excuse for non-attendance. In other words, 2^ forfeiture does not 
 and cannot exist until a declaration of the forfeiture has been made by 
 the proper authority, which in this instance is the county superintendent. 
 It is proper that the county superintendent should investigate each case 
 and detei'mine whether the excuse offered for non-attendance is valid or 
 not. In case it is not, the superintendent should demand the certificate, 
 and upon the refusal of the party to surrender it, should publish the fact 
 that the certificate has been forfeited, and also make a record of his 
 action. 
 
 13. A county board of examiners has the right to withhold a certificate 
 until the fact of a good moral character is established. 
 
 14. In case a teacher is convicted, in a court of justice, of any offense 
 that would justify a county board of examiners in withholding a certifi- 
 cate from him, the county superintendent has the right to revoke his cer- 
 tificate without further investigation, but where the person is only accused 
 of the offense, he has a right to an investigation, at which he may appear 
 in his own defense. 
 
 15. If a county superintendent knows a teacher to be immoral, or to 
 be guilty of any offense which would justify a county board of examiners 
 in withholding a certificate from him, the county superintendent should 
 revoke the certificate of the teacher, even though no formal charges are 
 )»referred against him. In other words, the county superintendent has 
 the right, and it is his duty as a protector of the people from imposition, 
 to make the charge himself, if it is not made by others. 
 
 Ifi. 'i'he basis of all apj)orlioninents of school funds must be the num- 
 ])er of cliiMrcii of scliool age residing in the district June 1st, and no 
 ac(;ouiit (;aii be taken of ;iiiy who become i-esidcnts of the district subse- 
 (juciit to lliat date. 
 
 17. A county superintendent imiHt k('(!|) his office open, at the county 
 Heat, at least one day each week. 
 
 18. A board of directors cannot dismiss a teacher simply because the
 
 OPINIONS AND RULINGS. 133 
 
 teacher is unpopular, or does not give general satisfaction. They must 
 first establish the fact that he is incompetent, or that he has violated the 
 law or the terms of his contract. Neither can boards of directors make 
 contracts that are not in accordance with law. 
 
 19. For the purpose of visitation by the county superintendent, the 
 term "school," as used in the second subdivision of section 11 of the 
 common school law, and also in section 17 of the same act, is construed 
 to mean a department or room — a distinct collection of pupils under the 
 supervision or instruction of a teacher, though that department, room or 
 collection, may be but a part of the system or systems of schools of a 
 city or town. Any other interpretation of the term would defeat the 
 primary object of the law. 
 
 20. All persons between the ages of five and twenty-one years, whether 
 married or single, residing in any school district on the first day of June, 
 should be enumerated by the school district clerk, except such Indian 
 children and Mongolian children as are excluded from enumeration by 
 the proviso found in the third subdivision of section 34 of the common 
 school law. The simple fact that a person is married does not debar him 
 or her from the privileges of the common school in this state, under 
 existing laws. 
 
 21. The funds provided for in section 52 of the common school law 
 may be used not only for the payment of teachers' wages, but for paying 
 the expenses of repaii's, the payment of rents, the purchase of fuel, cray- 
 ons and other incidentals, and the supplying of such equipments as are 
 necessary to the successful management of the school. 
 
 22. That provision of section 53 of the common school law ( as amended 
 by sec. l'7,chap. 127, Laws 1891) which requires the school district clerk to 
 certify to the county auditor the levy of special taxes on or before the first 
 day of September of the year in which the levy is ordered to be made, is not 
 mandatory in regard to the time of making the certificate. That is to say, a 
 failure to make the certificate on or before the first day of September does 
 not invalidate the levy. The county auditor may lawfully receive the 
 certificate and enter the levy upon his books at any time prior to closing 
 them. But a special tax levied one year cannot be certified and entered 
 upon the auditor's books the next year. Any special levy is based upon 
 the assessment of the year in which it is made, and it cannot consistently 
 be based upon the assessment of one year and collected upon the assess- 
 ment of another. 
 
 23. In the formation or alteration of a school district the county com- 
 missioners have no jurisdiction in the matter whatever, unless an appeal 
 be taken as provided by law. 
 
 24. A county superintendent may lawfully appoint the officers of a new 
 school district as soon as the time for taking an appeal has expired, pro-
 
 134 OPINIONS AND RULINGS. 
 
 vided that no appeal has been taken; and in case an appeal shall be taken 
 and his action shall be confirmed by the county commissioners, he should 
 appoint them as soon as the decision is rendered. 
 
 25. When the officers of a new school district have been appointed, and 
 have qualified according to law, the new district is fully organized and 
 possesses all the powers of any other school district, though by a failure 
 to have the required amount of school within one year it may forfeit its 
 organization and cease to exist as a corporation. 
 
 26. The terms of office of all the first officers of a new school district 
 expire at the time of the first annual election succeeding its organization, 
 whether those officers were appointed by the county superintendent or 
 hold their positions by virtue of a previous election in the old district or 
 districts from which the new district was taken. They are only tempo- 
 rary officers in either case. 
 
 27. In apportioning the funds of a school district that has been divided 
 in the formation of a new district, as provided in section 22 of the common 
 school law (chap. 12, Laws of 1889-90), the county superintendent should 
 not take into account any indebtedness of the old district that was con- 
 tracted subsequent to the time of the division. The intention of the law 
 is to secure an equitable division of all funds belonging to the district at 
 the time of the division, or of the funds which shall come into its posses- 
 sion by reason of the property or school children embraced in it before 
 the division; and to permit the old district to claim an offset for debts 
 contracted after the division would be to defeat the object of the law. 
 
 28. The law requiring a county superintendent to grant temporaiy 
 certificates under certain conditions is mandatory, provided that the con- 
 ditions contemplated by the law are complied with; and the certificate in 
 lieu of which the temporary certificate is granted, or upon which the ap- 
 plication is leased, need not be a certificate which is in full force and 
 effect at the time the application is made. 
 
 L'it. The annual election of school district officers can only be held on 
 the day and within the hours named by law, and all so called annual 
 elftctions that are not so held are illegal and wholly void. 
 
 '.',(). It is not lawful for a resident of a district living too far from the 
 school house for his chil(lr(;n to attend school to draw from the district 
 the amount of money which the said <listrict has received V)y reason of 
 the; ciniirKjrat ion of his children therein, and to apply the same to i)aying 
 a private tciacher for instructing his children at home. The directors 
 have no authority for aii<liting such <;laims; it is their duty to provide 
 for and iiiairit:iin a public school in tlic district, open to all children of 
 Hchool age residing therein, but llu^y hav(! no power to apply t)ie public 
 school tnoncy to the maint(!nanc,e of any privat(^ school for the betiefit of 
 indivi(iii;il i>ii|iils of 1 he dist rict. 'I'lic fact that, tlu; IcacluM" of such school
 
 OPINIONS AND RULINGS. 135 
 
 may hold a valid teacher's certificate does not alter the case so long as 
 the school is not nnder the exclusive control and management of the 
 board of directors, and open to all children of school age residing in the 
 district. 
 
 31. A board of directors cannot legally employ a minor child of one 
 of the directors to perform services for the district unless such child has 
 been first emancipated by its parent. Unless the child has been emanci- 
 pated, the parent may lawfully claim its wages, and thus the director 
 would be placed in the attitude of auditor of his own accounts against 
 the district. 
 
 .32. The powers and duties of a superintendent of common schools, 
 under the law, are mainly executive and supervisory. lie has, in addi- 
 tion, limited judiciary power in cases of hearing petitions and appeals; 
 but in the exercise of this power he should not lay aside his executive 
 and supervisory functions and assume the attitude of a judge in a case at 
 law, leaving to the parties interested the entire burden of conducting the 
 investigation. He should, on the contrary, exercise his other ofticial 
 powers to the extent necessary to enable him to thoroughly investigate 
 the matter before hira, elicit all necessary testimony, and thus have at 
 hand the data upon which he will be able to render the just and equitable 
 decision required of him by the law.
 
 FORMS FOR USE OF SCHOOL OFFICERS AND TEACHERS. 
 
 Form No. 1. 
 
 County Siqyerinfendeut's Anmial Report to State Superintendent of Public 
 
 Instruction. 
 
 [Not printed witli laws.] 
 
 Form No. 2. 
 Report of Defective Youth. 
 
 To THE Board of Commissioners of 
 
 County, Washington: 
 
 I herewith transmit to you a report of all defective youth residing in your county, as reported 
 to me by the clerks of the several school districts of the county. 
 Dated this day of , 18—. 
 
 Supt. of Com. Schools, - 
 
 • County, Washing^n. 
 
 Name of youth. 
 
 Character of ail- 
 meiU. 
 
 Name of parent or 
 guardian. 
 
 Postoffice address of parent or 
 guardian. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Hhmarks. — This report should be made to the county commissioners at their August meet- 
 ing, an<l a copy of it .should be sent by the county superintendent to the director of the School 
 for Defective Youth, at Vancouver, Washington. 
 
 Form No. 3. 
 
 Notice of Mcctitig lo lurcstigaic u Petition for the Forinalion of a School District. 
 
 on the ■ 
 
 day of - 
 
 -, 189—, at 
 
 Notice Is hereby K'vcn that a meeting will be held at • 
 the liour of — o'<'lock — m., for the i)urp<)H(i t)f investigating a petition whicli was filed in njy 
 ofllee on the ilay of , IH'J—, praying for the formation of a school district, with the follow- 
 ing boiitiduricH, viz.: 
 
 And all particH are liereliy notified that a full and fair investigation will be made at the time 
 
 and phwe above Htated, fif all matters ixTtainiiig to the formation of the above described school 
 
 diHtriet, and if it sliall bi- deemed advisable, tin- iiclilii.n will l><- gninled and the sehool district 
 
 formed as prayed for. 
 
 Dated this day of , 1«"J— . 
 
 (Signed) , 
 
 Supt. of ( 'oni. Schools, County, Washington. 
 
 Ukmakkh. — Twenty ilays' notie*- must be given. See eomniDii seliool law, seeliou I'.). 
 
 (130)
 
 FORMS. 137 
 
 Form No. 4. 
 
 Notice of Meeting to Investigate a Petition for the Alteration of School District 
 
 Boundaries. 
 
 Notice is hereby given that a meeting will be held at on the day of , 18 — , at 
 
 the hour of — o'clock — m., for the purpose of investigating a petition which was filed in my 
 
 office on the day of , 18 — , praying for changes in the boundaries of School Districts Nos. 
 
 —— and in the county of , State ofWashington, as follows, viz.: 
 
 And all parties are hereby notified that a full and fair investigation will be made at the time 
 and place above stated of all inatters pertaining to said change of boundaries, and that if it shall 
 be deemed advisable, the petition will be granted and the changes made as above described. 
 
 Dated this day of , 189—. 
 
 (Signed) , 
 
 Supt. of Com. Schools, County, Washington. 
 
 Remarks. — Twenty days' notice must be given. See section 20 of the common school law. 
 
 Form No. 5. 
 
 Certificate of Formation of School District. 
 
 To THE Board of Commlssioners of County, Washington: 
 
 I, , superintendent of common schools in and for county, State of Wash- 
 ington, do hereby certify, that on the day of , 189 — , I did, in accordance with law, form 
 
 a school district in said county, and designate it "School District No. — , county, Wash- 
 ington," and prescribe for it the following boundaries, viz.: 
 
 Witness my hand at my office this day of , 189 — . 
 
 Supt. of Com. Schools of County, Washington. 
 
 Form No. 6. 
 
 Certificate of Alteration of School Distr'ict Boundaries. 
 
 To THE Board op Commissioners of County, Washington : 
 
 I, , superintendent of common schools in and for county, State of Washing- 
 ton, do hereby certify, that on the day of , 189 — , I did, in accordance with law, change 
 
 the boundaries of School Districts Nos. and of said county, as follows, viz.: 
 
 Witness my hand at my office this day of , 189 — . 
 
 Supt. of Com. Schools, County, Washington.
 
 138 FORMS. 
 
 Form No. 7. 
 
 County SuperintendenV s Order, Forming a School District. 
 
 Whereas, In compliance with a petition praying for the formation of a school district in 
 
 the county of , State of Washington, which petition was tiled in my oflice on the day of 
 
 , 189 — , a meeting to investigate all matters pertaining thereunto was held at on the 
 
 day of , 189 — , of which meeting due notice was given as required by law; and it appear- 
 ing from said investigation that the prayer of the petitioners should be granted: 
 
 Noiv, therefore, I, , superintendent of common schools in and for said comity, do 
 
 hereby form said school district and designate it " School District No. — , county, Washing- 
 ton," and prescribe for it the following boundaries, viz.: 
 
 And all persons affected by this action are hereby notified, that unless an appeal from this 
 action be taken, as provided by law, this action will be final ; that it will be certified to the county 
 commissioners at their next regular meeting, and that the officers of the district will be appointed 
 as provided by law. 
 
 Dated this dav of , 189—. 
 
 (Signed) , 
 
 Supt. of Com. Schools, County, Washington. 
 
 Remarks. — Three of the above notices should be posted in the new district, and all except 
 the notice following the description of the boundaries should be entered in the superintendent's 
 record book, together with action of county commissioners in case of an appeal, after final action 
 is completed. 
 
 Form No. 8. 
 
 Conntij SuperintendcnVs Order, Changing School District Boundaries. 
 
 Whereas, In compliance with a petition praying for the alteration of boundaries of .School 
 
 Districts Nos. and in county. State of Washington, which petition was filed in my 
 
 office on tlie day of , 18 — , a meeting to investigate all matters pertaining thereunto 
 
 was held at , on tlie day of , 18 — , of whicli meeting <hie notice was given as re- 
 quired by law; and it appearing from said investigation that the prayer of flie petitioners should 
 be granted: 
 
 Now, llwrcforc, I, ..superintendent of eonunon schools in and for said county, do 
 
 licreby grant said petition and transfer the territory hereinafter described from School I>istrict 
 No. to Hdiool District No. , as Ibllows, viz.: 
 
 And all persoiiH afl'ected by this action are hereby notified, that unless an appeal .shall be taken 
 aH jjrovided l)y law, this action will be final, and that it will be certified to the board of county 
 coininiHHioncrs at their next regidar meeting. 
 
 J>ated thiH day of , IH— . 
 
 Supl. Ill' Com. Schools of ('oiinty, Washington. 
 
 Hi.MAiiKM. .\l IcMHl oil. ((.p. \ of Ibis notice sliould l.r poslcil iiiciiili district alVccted by the 
 change, ami a record of llie ehangc should lie- iiiinle in llie sii|ierinleii(leiil's olVicc.
 
 FORMS. 
 
 139 
 
 Form No. 9. 
 
 Certificate of County Superintendent to County Treasurer, Showing Amount oj 
 Funds Apportioned to Each School District. 
 
 To Mr. , TEEA.SURER OF County, Washington : 
 
 I hereby certify that I have this day apportioned the school funds belonging to the several 
 
 school districts of county, Washington, now in your hands and subject to apportionment, 
 
 as shown by certificates now on file in my office, and that the several school districts are entitled 
 to the amounts set opposite their respective numbers, as follows: 
 
 «!tntP fund -f Amount per teacher., 
 fetate fund ^^ Amount per pupil 
 
 .% . 
 
 .1 . 
 
 /~i 4. i^ J f Amount per teacher.. 
 County fund....|^,^^^,jj,t ^^^ ^^^^^^ 
 
 ..S . 
 
 t?! 
 
 ^ 
 
 !^ 
 
 
 
 
 >! 
 
 >, 
 
 t; 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^-P 
 
 a- .5^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a.? 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 •^ 
 
 1^ 
 
 ^-^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 i.--> 
 
 
 
 
 
 a. 
 
 as 
 11 
 
 Amounl 
 
 Amount 
 
 
 
 ?!• 
 
 II 
 
 Amount 
 
 Am,ount 
 
 
 
 of state 
 
 of county 
 
 Total. 
 
 ~ 
 
 of state 
 
 of county 
 
 Total. 
 
 
 funds. 
 
 funds. 
 
 
 
 ~ 
 
 '^ '^ 
 
 funds. 
 
 fu7ids. 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 ?IU 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Ss- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 ~b 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S.S 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 as 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a: 
 
 : S- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 : S- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ». 
 
 ■ i- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 : 2l 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 $ 
 
 c. 
 
 1 
 
 c. 
 
 $ 
 
 e. 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 $ 
 
 c. 
 
 « 
 
 c. 
 
 $ 
 
 c. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dated this • 
 
 day of - 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 Supt. Com. Schools, ■ 
 
 County, Washington. 
 
 Form No. 10. 
 
 Form for Notifying District Clerk of the Amou7it of Funds Appo?'tioned to his 
 District by County Superintendent. 
 
 To Clerk of School District No. , County, Washington: 
 
 day of 
 
 I hereby certify that on the 
 
 follows: State school fund, $ ; county school fund, . 9 
 
 Dated this day of , 18 — . 
 
 , 18 — , funds were apportioned to your district as 
 total, $ . 
 
 (Signed)- 
 
 Supt. Com. Schools, ■ 
 
 ■ County, Washington.
 
 140 FORMS. 
 
 Form No. 11. 
 
 Appointment of Assistant Examiners . 
 
 To , Greeting : 
 
 This is to certify that I have this day appointed, and by these presents do appoint and consti- 
 tute you an examiner of teachers in and for the county of , State of Washington, for a term 
 
 of one year from and after this date. 
 
 Dated this day of , 18—. 
 
 (Signed) , 
 
 Supt. Com. Schools, County, Washing^ton. 
 
 Form No. 12. 
 
 Appointment of Director or Clerk to Fill Vacancij. 
 By virtue of authority in me vested by law, I hereby appoint to the ofiSce of - 
 
 of School District No. , of County, State of Washington, to fill a vacancy caused by 
 
 [here state cause of vacancy] ; said to continue in office until the next annual school 
 
 election, and until his successor is elected and qualified according to law. 
 
 Done this day of , 18 — . 
 
 (Signed) . 
 
 Supt. of Com. Schools, County, Washington. 
 
 OATH OF OFFICE. 
 
 State of Washington, County of , ss. 
 
 I, , do solemnly swear ( or affirm ) that I will support the constitution of the United 
 
 States and the constitution of the State of Washington ; that I will endeavor to promote the in- 
 terests of education, and will faithfully discharge the duties of of School District No. , 
 
 in the county of , in said state. So help me God. 
 
 (Signed) . 
 
 ( Postoffice ) . 
 
 Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of , 18 — . 
 
 [Here state official character of otliccr who administered oath.] 
 
 Form No. 14. 
 
 Endorsement of Certificate by Vountij Board of Exaniiners. 
 
 'J"h«- witliin certificate is hereby endorsed and declared to be a valid certificate for 
 
 c«>UMty, State of WuHliirigton, for the unexpired portion of the term for which the same was granted. 
 , [- Itoard of Kxaminers of Comity, Washington. 
 
 ItKMAUKM, — lOnilorHctnciits by lioards of ICxuniinerH can l>f made only at tlioir regular moet- 
 ln({». A record of the certificate ho endor.HiMl should be made I)y tlie county superintendent, 
 showing (crn<l<;, nuirkingH, <hite of issue, luitionality of teai'her, P. O. address, etc.
 
 FORMS. 141 
 
 Form No. 15. 
 
 Endorsement of Certificate Granted Without Examination. 
 
 The within certificate is granted without examination, on the following evidence of fitness to 
 teach. 
 
 [Here state evidence.] 
 
 Board of Examiners of County, Washington. 
 
 Remarks. — See section 12, common school laws. A complete record of such certificates 
 should be made by the county superintendent the same as if the certificates were granted upon 
 an examination. 
 
 Form No. 16. 
 
 Certificate of County Treasurer to County Superintendent Showing the Amount 
 of Poinds on Hand to be Apportioned. 
 
 To , Superintendent of Common Schools, County, Washington : 
 
 I hereby certify that the amount of school funds now in my possession and subject to appor- 
 tionment to the several school districts of county. State of Washington, is 8 , derived 
 
 from the following sources, viz. : Taxation, $ ; fines,! ; licenses, 8 . 
 
 Dated this day of , 18 — . 
 
 Treasurer of County, Washington. 
 
 Form No. 17. 
 
 Annual Report of County Treasurer to County Superintendent Showing Finan- 
 cial Status of Each School District for Preceding Year Ending June 30. 
 
 [ Not printed with laws.] 
 
 Form No. 18. 
 
 Notice of Election or Appointment of County Superintendent. 
 
 To THE Superintendent of Public Instruction of Washington: 
 
 Sir — You are hereby notified that has been elected (or appointed) superin- 
 tendent of common schools of county, Washington ; that his term of service as such officer 
 
 ■will commence on the day of , 18—, and that his postoffice address is , , 
 
 Dated this day of , 18—. 
 
 Auditor of County, Washington. 
 
 Remarks. — This notice should be sent to the superintendent of public instruction by the 
 •ounty auditor as soon as the election of the party is ascertained or the appointment made.
 
 142 
 
 FORMS. 
 
 Form No. 19. 
 
 Annual Report of School District Clerk to County Superintendent. 
 
 [Not printed with la\rs.] 
 
 Form No. 20. 
 
 District Clerk's Report to Superior Judge. 
 -, Superior Judge, County, Washington : 
 
 To 
 
 Sir — In compliance vrith the provisons of section 83 of the common school law of the State 
 of Washington, I herewith send you the names of such orphan children between the ages of eight 
 
 and fifteen years, residing in School District No. , of county, Washington, as have not 
 
 attended school three months during the last year. 
 
 Dated this day of , 18—. 
 
 Clerk of School District No. 
 
 ■ County, Washing^ton. 
 
 Name of orphan. 
 
 Name of Guardian. 
 
 Postoffice address. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Remarks. — This report should be sent on or before the first day of December of each year. 
 
 Form No. 21. 
 
 Notice of Annual Election. 
 
 Notice iH hereby given that the annual election of School District No. , of 
 
 Slate of WuHhingtori, will be held at , in said school district, on Monday, the 
 
 June, 189 — , for i\n- purpose of electing 8<^lio«l district olliccrs as follows, viz.: 
 
 One Hcliool district clerk for a term of one year. 
 
 One Mchool dJHtrict director for a term of three years. 
 
 ■ county, 
 - day of 
 
 and for the tratmnc-tion of hu<;Ii other hnsinesH as may lawfully come before the meeting. 
 The ik>IIh will be <»i)cn from — o'clock — m., to — o'clock — M. 
 Hy order of the board of directors. 
 DuU-d tliiH day of , 18—. 
 
 School District Clerk. 
 Rkmakkh. — Tbrt-e of tlicHc ludiccH numl be posted at least ten days prior to the day of elec- 
 tion, one of which nuist be ut the i)la(!(! of holding the election. All elections should be held at 
 the school lif)ii.m' if there be f>Me.
 
 FORMS. 143 
 
 Form No. 22. 
 Notice of Election to Vote Special Tax. 
 
 Notice is liereby given that a special election will be held at , in School District No. , 
 
 of county, State of Washington, on the day of , 189—, for the purpose of determin- 
 ing whether a special tax of — mills on the dollar shall be levied upon all taxable property in 
 said school district, for the purpose of 
 
 Those in favor of said tax levy will vote, "Tax, yes;" those opposed, "Tax, no." 
 The polls will be open from — o'clock — M., to — o'clock — M. 
 By order of the board of directors. 
 
 Dated this day of , 18 — . 
 
 (Signed) , 
 
 School District Clerk. 
 Remarks. — All elections must be held at the school house, if thei-e be one. At least three 
 notices must be posted at least ten days, one of which must be at place of holding election. 
 
 Form No. 23. 
 Notice of School District Bond Election. 
 
 Notice is hereby given that a special election will be held at , in School District No. — , 
 
 County, State of Washington, on the day of , 189 — , for the purpose of deter- 
 
 mining whether or not the directors of said school district shall borrow money and issue bonds 
 of the district in the sum of dollars, for the purpose of 
 
 Said bonds, if issued, shall bear a rate of interest not to exceed 10 per centum per annum, 
 
 payable annually; the bonds to be payable and redeemable in years after date: *Pro- 
 
 vided. That said school district reserves the right to pay or redeem said bonds, or any of them, at 
 any time after years from the date thereof. 
 
 The election will be by ballot. Those in favor of the issuing of bonds as above specified, will 
 vote, " Bonds, yes ; " those opposed, " Bonds, no." 
 
 The polls will be open from — o'clock — m. to — o'clock — m. 
 
 By order of the board of directors. 
 
 Dated this day of , 189—. (Signed) , 
 
 School District Clerk. 
 
 Remakks. — All elections must be held at the school house, if there be one. At least three 
 notices must be posted at least ten days, one of which must be at the place of holding election. 
 
 *If the Directors do not desire the option of paying the bonds, or any part of them, before 
 the maximum limit stated in the notices, this clause should be erased. 
 
 Form No. 24. 
 
 Notice of Employment of Teacher and Commencement of Term of School, to be 
 sent to County Superintendent on or before the day on which school begins. 
 
 To THE SrPEEINTENDENT OF COMMON SCHOOLS, OP CoUNTY, WASHINGTON : 
 
 You are hereby notified that the board of directors of School District No. , of county, 
 
 has employed M to teach a term of months in said district, commencing on 
 
 the day of , 18—, at a salary of | per month. [If a teacher is to be boarded so state.] 
 
 Dated this day of , 18 — . 
 
 (Signed) , 
 
 Clerk of District No. . 
 
 Remarks. — This notice should always be sent pronnptly.
 
 144 FORMS. 
 
 Form No. 25. 
 
 District Clerk'' s Certificate to Directors. 
 
 To THE Directors op School District No. , County, Washington : 
 
 I hereby certify that all reports required by law to be made by teachers to school district 
 
 clerks or to county superintendents have been made by ■, that the register has been 
 
 properly kept, and that said is now entitled to an order in full payment of his ser- 
 
 Tices as teacher. 
 
 Clerk of School District No. . 
 
 Remarks. — Directors shall not sign warrant for last month's salary before receiving this 
 certificate, or satisfying themselves, by personal inspection, that all reports have been made. 
 
 Form No. 26-a. 
 Certificate of Special Tax Levy. 
 
 (When ordered by vote of electors.) 
 
 State of Washington, I 
 County of , / 
 
 To the Auditor of County, Washington : 
 
 I, , clerk of School District No. , of said county, do hereby certify that at a 
 
 special election, duly called and held in said school district, on the day of , 189 — , it was 
 
 voted by the legal electors of said school district that a special tax of — mills on the dollar be 
 levied on all the taxable property of said school district, as shown by the assessment roll for the 
 year 189—. 
 
 Witness my liand this day of , 189 — . 
 
 Clerk of School District No. , County, Washington. 
 
 Remark. — This certificate must be filed with the auditor on or before the first day of Septem- 
 ber. The directors of a school district may levy a tax not exceeding five mills on the dollar. 
 
 Form No. 26-h. 
 Certificate of Special Tax Levy. 
 
 ( Wlicn levied by school district directors.) 
 
 Statk OK Wahhington, 1 ^^ 
 County ok , / 
 
 To THB AuurroH ok County, Washington: 
 
 I , clerk of Hdiool DlHtrict No. , of said county, do hereby certify that at a meet- 
 
 inK of the. hoard of ilir<-ctorH duly licld in Huid school district, on the <lay of , 189—, it was 
 
 vot«-d by the huIiI boiirii of dircctorH of .said school district that a special tax of mills on the 
 
 dollar l)c levied on all tlie taxable property of said school district, as shown by the assessment 
 roll for the year 18—. 
 
 WitneMM my hand this "lay of , 189 — . 
 
 (HiKUcl) , 
 
 Clerk of School District No. , County, Washington. 
 
 I^'otk.— Tliis c<Tii(leat<-, tiiuHt he filed witli the aiwlitor on or before the first day of September. 
 r.f>ardH of directors may levy a Hp(!cial tax of live mills or less without a vote of the people.
 
 FORMS. 145 
 
 Form No. 27. 
 
 Order of School District Officers on County Treasurer. 
 
 , Washington, , 18—. 
 
 Treasurer of County, Washington : 
 
 Pay to , or order, the sum of dollars out of the [here state what fund] funds 
 
 of School District No. , of said county, for [here state for what service] and charge the same 
 
 to the account of said district. 
 
 Countersigned, (Signed) ,\ 
 
 , , .-Directors. 
 
 Clerk School District No. . , ) 
 
 Form No. 28. 
 
 Certificate of Election to he Oiven by Clerk of Annual School Meeting to Officers- 
 Elect. 
 
 To , Greeting : 
 
 This is to certify that at the annual election of School District No. , of county, State 
 
 of Washington, held on the day of June, 18 — , you were duly elected to the offlce of of 
 
 said district for a term of years, beginning on the first Monday in * next succeeding 
 
 said election. 
 
 Dated this day of , 18 — . 
 
 ( .Signed , 
 
 Clerk of District School Election. 
 
 Remarks. — This notice should be retained by the officer elected. 
 
 ♦Directors take office on the first Monday in July; clerks on the first Monday in August. 
 
 Form No. 29. 
 
 Certificate of Election and Oath of Office. 
 
 To Superintendent of Common Schools of County, Washington : 
 
 I hereby certify that at the annual election of School District No. , county, State of 
 
 Washington, held on the day of June, 189 — , M— was duly elected to the office of 
 
 of said district for a term of years, beginning on the first Monday in * next suc- 
 ceeding said election. I further certify that h — postoffice address is , State of Washington. 
 
 ( Signed ) , 
 
 Clerk of Annual School Election. 
 OATH OF OFFICE. 
 
 State of Washington, County of , ss. 
 
 I, , do hereby solemnly swear ( or affirm ) that I will support the constitution of the 
 
 United States and the constitution of the State of Washington; that I will endeavor to promote 
 
 the interests of education, and will faithfully discharge the duties of of School District No. 
 
 , in the county of , in said state. So help me God. 
 
 (Signed) , 
 
 Subscribed and sworn to before me this day of , 189 — ■. 
 
 (Here state official character of officer who administers oath.) 
 Remarks. — This notice should be given to the person elected, who must qualify on or before 
 the day designated for him to take office, and send the oath and certificate above to the county 
 superintendent. He must also file with the county treasurer his signature, certified to by some 
 school officer. The treasurer cannot pay or register any warrants signed by any school officers 
 whose signatures, so certified, are not filed in his office. The county superintendent should not 
 recogrnize any one as director or clerk whose oath is not on file in his office. 
 
 ♦Directors take office on the first Monday in July, and clerks on the first Monday in August. 
 
 —10
 
 146 FORMS. 
 
 Form No. 30-a. 
 
 Teacher's Term Report to Cotrntij Superintendent or District Clerk 
 
 [Not printed with laws.] 
 
 Form No. 30-c. 
 
 Teacher's Annual Report to County Supierintendent or District Clerk. 
 
 [Not printed with laws.] 
 
 Form No. 31. 
 
 Teaclier's Contract. 
 
 It is hereby agreed, by and between the directors of School District No. , county of , 
 
 State of Washington, and , the holder of a teacher's certiticate now in force in said 
 
 county, that said teacher is to teach, govern and conduct the public school of said district to the 
 best of h — ability, follow the course of study lawfully adopted, keep a register of the daily at- 
 tendance of each pupil attending said school, make all reports required by law or by lawful 
 authority, and endeavor to i)reserve in good condition the school house, grounds, furniture, ap- 
 paratus, and such other property of the district as may come under the immediate supervision of 
 
 said teacher, for a term of school months, commencing on the day of , 189 — , for the 
 
 sum of dollars per month, to be paid at the end of each school month, out of the funds of 
 
 said school district, upon a warrant drawn by the directors of said district and payable by the 
 county treasurer : Provided, That if said teacher shall be legally dismissed from school, or shall 
 have h — certificate lawfully annulled by expiration or otherwise, then said teacher shall not be 
 entitled to compensation from and after such dismissal or annulment: Provided further, That the 
 wages'of sai<l teacher for the last month of tlie school term shall not be paid unless said teacher 
 shall have made the reports hereinbefore mentioned. 
 
 .\nd the directors of .said school district hereby agree to keep the school house in good repair, 
 to provide the necessary fuel, school register, and other necessary supplies for the comfort of the 
 school. 
 
 Ill witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names, this day of , 18 — . 
 
 Directors. 
 
 Attest : 
 
 School District Clerk. Teacher. 
 
 IJkmauks. — This contract should be ma<lc in (luplicatc. llu- Ic:h1m r retaining one copy, the 
 other being filed with the clerk of the district. 
 
 Form No. 32. 
 
 Report to lie Maili to Count n Superintendent l)y Teacher at the Time of Makimj 
 
 Contract to Teach. 
 
 To TlIK SlI'KltlNTKNDKNT <<l' ('OMMON .Sk 1 1 CM > I .H OK CoUNTV, WASHINGTON: 
 
 You are hereby nolilled that I have been employed to teach a term of months in School 
 
 DiHlrlet No. , county, HUiU: of Washington, at a salary of t per month, sai<l term to 
 
 cominenee on the day of , !«— ■ My leililiciite is a grade, an<l will expire on the 
 
 flny of , IH— . My poMtolUee address, xvhih' teaching said hc1h)o1, will be . 
 
 Dnt<-d tliiM day of , 18—. 
 
 (Signed) , 
 
 Tcachi-r.
 
 FORMS. 
 
 147 
 
 Form No. 33. 
 Teacher^ s Certificate. 
 
 COMMON SCHOOLS OP THE STATE OF WASHINGTON. 
 
 , having passed the examination required by law, and hav- 
 
 This is to certify that 
 
 ing furnished evidence of a good moral character and ability to teach, is hereby granted this 
 
 grade certificate, which intitles h — to teach in the common schools of county, State of Wash- 
 ington, for a period of years from and after this date. 
 
 The following is h — standing in the several branches, on a scale of 100 credits to each branch, 
 as shown by h — examination manuscripts : 
 
 Orthography, 
 
 Written Arithmetic, - - - 
 
 Mental Arithmetic, - - - 
 
 Grammar, ------- 
 
 History, ------- 
 
 Theory and Practice, - - - 
 
 School Law, ------ 
 
 Physiology, ------ 
 
 Dated at this day of , 189—. 
 
 Geography, ------ 
 
 Reading, ------- 
 
 U. S. and State Constitution, 
 Writing, ------- 
 
 Algebra, - -- 
 
 Philosophy. ------ 
 
 Literature, ------- 
 
 County Superintendent. 
 
 County Board of Examiners. 
 Remarks. — No examination is required in algebra, philosophy and English literature except 
 for first grade certificates. 
 
 Form No. 34. 
 
 Notice of Appeal to Superintendent of Public Instruction. 
 
 To THE Superintendent of Public Instruction of Washington : 
 
 You are hereby notified that the undersigned, feeling aggrieved by the action of the [here 
 
 state whether county superintendent or board of examiners] of county, State of Washington, 
 
 do hereby appeal from the decision of said , and respectfully ask that you take such 
 
 action in the matter as will redress the grievance hereinafter set forth. The action complained of 
 is as follows, viz.: [ Here state fully and clearly the action complained of.] 
 
 State op Washington. County op , ss. 
 
 I, , do solemnly swear that the above and foregoing statement is true. So help me 
 
 God. 
 
 Subscribed and sworn to before me this • 
 
 -, 18—. 
 
 (Signed)- 
 
 Remarks. 
 plained of. 
 
 [Here state official character of officer administering oath.] 
 -All appeals must be taken within thirty days after the act, order or decision com- 
 
 Form No. 35. 
 
 Appeal to County Superi)ite?ident. 
 
 To THE Superintendent of Common Schools of 
 
 County, Washington : 
 
 You are hereby notified that the undersigned, feeling aggrieved by the action of the board of 
 
 directors of School District No. , of county. State of Washington, do hereby appeal 
 
 from the decision of said board, and respectfully ask that you take such action as will redress the 
 grievance hereinafter set forth. The action complained of is as follows, viz.: [Here state clearly 
 and fully the action complained of.]
 
 148 
 
 FORMS. 
 
 -, ss. 
 
 State of Washington, County of 
 
 I, , do solemnly swear that the above and foregoing statement is true. So help 
 
 >d. 
 
 (Signed ) . 
 
 me God. 
 
 Subscribed and sworn to before me this 
 
 • day of - 
 
 18- 
 
 [Here state official character of the officer administering oath.] 
 Remarks. — All appeals must be taken within thirty days of the act, order or decision com- 
 plained of. 
 
 Form No. 36. 
 
 Petition to County Superintendent, Praying for Formatio7i of a New School 
 
 District. 
 
 To the Superintendent of Common Schools 
 
 County, Washington: 
 
 We, the undersigned, being heads of families and lawful petitioners for the purpose herein 
 set forth, do hereby petition you to form a school district in the county of , State of Wash- 
 ington, with the following boundaries, viz.: [Here describe boundaries.] Our reasons for asking 
 for the formation of the above described district are as follows, viz.: [Here give reasons.] Fol- 
 lowing is a correct list of the names of children of school age residing within the limits of the 
 proposed district, viz.: [Here insert the names of children of school age.] 
 
 Signed. 
 
 Signed. 
 
 Dated this day of - 
 
 -,18- 
 
 Remaiiks. — This petition must be signed by at least five heads of families, who are bona fide 
 residents of the proposed district. 
 
 Form No. 37. 
 
 Petition to County Superintendent, Praying for Alteration of Boundaries of 
 
 School District. 
 
 To the Ht'l'ERINTENDENT OK CoMMON SCHOOLS, COUNTY, WASHINGTON : 
 
 We, the undc-rsignefl, being heads of families and lawful petitioners for the pmpose herein 
 
 «et forth, do hereby petition you to change the boundaries of School District No. , of 
 
 county, Wushinglon, as follows, viz.: [Here deHcril)e change desired.] Our reasons for desiring 
 miid change of bouiidaricH are as follows, viz.: [Here give reasons.] Following is a correct list 
 of the nann-M of cliildrcn of school age residing on the territory which it is desired to have trans- 
 ferred : [ Here jfive list of immeu.] 
 
 aigntd. 
 
 Signed. 
 
 Dated thiB day of - 
 
 -,1»-.
 
 FORMS. 
 
 149 
 
 Form No. 38. 
 
 Teacher's Register. 
 
 [Not printed with laws.] 
 
 Form No. 39. 
 
 School District Election Poll Book. 
 -, of 
 
 • coiinty, State of Washing- 
 
 ■ being chosen judges of said elec- 
 
 Poll book of an election held in School District No. 
 
 ton, on the day of , 18 — , and 
 
 tion, and clerk, all being duly sworn as required by law, before entering upon the 
 
 duties of their respective offices. 
 
 Number and names of electors voting. 
 
 1, 
 
 2, 
 3 
 
 4., 
 5.. 
 6.. 
 
 Tally list. 
 
 Tally list. 
 
 We hereby certify that the whole number of electors voting at this election amounts to ; 
 
 that the whole number of ballots cast at this election amounts to ■ 
 
 votes ; that received votes, etc., etc. 
 
 Attest : 
 
 received 
 
 Judges. 
 
 Clerk of Election. 
 
 Kemakks. — Election boards will vary the tally list and certificate to suit the nature of the 
 election. If it be for the election of officers at an annu&l election, the name of each person voted 
 for must be entered on the tally list, and a tally of the votes cast for him must be placed opposite 
 his name. If the election be for voting a special tax or for voting bonds, the number of votes for 
 and against the proposition must be entered on the tally list. The certificate must simply con- 
 tain a summary of the vote as shown by the tally list. Election boards are chosen by the electors. 
 The school district officers, or any part of them, may be chosen as an election board. The poll 
 book and all other papers should be delivered to the clerk of the school district. Attached to the 
 poll book should be the oaths of judges and clerk of election.
 
 150 FORMS. 
 
 Form No. 40. 
 
 Oath of Judges of Election. 
 
 State of Washington, County of , ss. 
 
 We, and — : , do solemnly swear that we will, as judg;es of an election to 
 
 be held in and for School District No. , of county. State of Washington, on this day 
 
 of , 18—, duly attend said election during its continuance ; that we will not receive any vote 
 
 or ballot from any person other than such as we firmly believe to be duly qualified voters at said 
 election, according to law; that we will make a true and perfect return of said election, and will 
 in all things faithfully and impartially discharge our duties as judges of said election to the best 
 of our judgment and ability; and that we are not directly or indirectly interested in any bet or 
 wager on the result of said election. So help us God. 
 
 , ' 
 
 . Judges. 
 
 Subscribed and sworn to this day of , 18 — . 
 
 Here state official character of officer administering oath.] 
 
 Form No. 41. 
 
 Oath of Clerk of Elrclion. 
 
 State of Wa.shington, County of , ss. 
 
 I, , do solemnly swear that I will, as clerk of an election to be held in and for 
 
 School District No. , county of , State of Washington, on this day of , 18 — , duly 
 
 attend .said election during its continuance; that 1 will record on the poll book of said election 
 the name of each person voting thereat, and faithfully and impartially discharge the duties of 
 clerk of said election ; and that I am not directly or indirectly interested in any bet or wager on 
 the result of said election. So help me God. 
 
 SuV)scribed and sworn to ))efore me tliis day of , 18—. 
 
 Clerk of Election. 
 
 Here state official character of officer administering the oath. A director may administer it.] 
 
 Form No. 42. 
 
 CertiJictUe of Bond Ktcclion. 
 State ok WASiiiNciTo.N, I 
 County ok j 
 
 'I'O TIIIC TllEAHUKKK OK CoUNTV, WaSII I.\(;T0N : 
 
 We, tlic unilcrsigned, directors of Hclibol District No. , of county, State of Washing- 
 
 t«iri, do liercby certify that at an elc>ctif)n held in said school district on the day of , 18 — , 
 
 it was voted that the l>onds of said district sliuU he issneil )iy tlic ilirectors thereof in the sum of 
 
 doMiirs, payable — years after ilate, with interest at the rate of — per cent, per annum, pay- 
 
 nble annually; *and we further certify that the board of directors of said district reserves the 
 
 riKht to redeem suid bonds as follows, vi/,.: 
 
 WitneHH our liandH thiH day of , 18 — . 
 
 Atteut: , J 
 
 School District Clerk. , \ 
 
 *'\'hv people determine, at the cli'il inn. the niiixiiiinni liiiii' the bonds arc to run. If the 
 directors re.m-rvc! tin- ri({bt to pay the IkhmIs or miy portion of them prior to that dale, they shall 
 specify Huch intention In their certiUcati' l<i I lie <>onnty tr<'asurcr, to guidchiminhisadverti.se- 
 nient; if the directors do not reserve sik li liulil. this ilausc niiiy be uniillrd rruiii their (•ertilleato 
 t«i treiuinrer.
 
 FORMS. 
 
 151 
 
 Form No. 43. 
 
 Teacher's Teiuporarij Certificate. 
 
 <'<)MMON .SCHOOLS OF THE STATE OK WASHINGTON. 
 
 This is to certifv that ■ 
 
 , having filed in my office legal evidence of being a person 
 
 of good moral character, and of possessing ability to teach and govern, is hereby granted this 
 temporary certificate, which entitles h — to teach in the common schools of county, Wash- 
 ington, until the next regular examination of teachers in said county. 
 
 This certificate is granted upon the following evidence of ability to teach, viz. 
 
 Valid until • 
 Dated this - 
 
 ■ day of ■ 
 
 Supt. Com. Schools, 
 
 Co., Wash. 
 
 Form No. 44. 
 
 County Superintendent's Certificate that All Reports Have Been Made. 
 
 Office of Superintendent of Common .Schools, County, Washington, 
 
 , 189—. 
 
 County, Washington : 
 
 — , has made all reports due 
 
 To THE Boakd of Uirectobs of School Distkict No. , 
 
 I hereby certify that , clerk of School District No. 
 
 from said district, to the countj' superintendent, for the quarter last past, including the following : 
 
 County Superintendent. 
 Remarks. — This certificate is recjuired to be made out and forwarded, on or before the last 
 Saturday of February, May, August and December, of each year, to all clerks who have made all 
 reports required by law, and the Board of Directors is forbidden to audit any account or issue any 
 warrant for services performed by any clerk until this certificate is filed with them. 
 
 Form No. 45-a. 
 
 lieport of County Huperintendent to Siiper intend cut of Public Instruction of 
 School Directors Elected and Qualified. 
 
 To THE Superintendent of Public In.stkiction, Olympia, Washington : 
 
 You are hereby notified that the following named persons were duly elected directors of the 
 
 school districts indicated, at the annual school election held on the • day of June, 189 — , and 
 
 that the oath of office of each of said persons has been filed in my ofHce as required by law : 
 
 No. of 
 dist. 
 
 Name of director. 
 
 Duration of 
 term. 
 
 Postoffice address. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Supt. Com. Schools,
 
 152 
 
 FORMS. 
 
 Form No. 45-b. 
 
 Report of Connty Superintendent to Superintendent of Public Itistrnction of School 
 District Clerks Elected and Qualified. 
 
 To THE SfPEEINTENDEXT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION, OLYMPIA, WASHINGTON: 
 
 You are liereby iiotifled that the following named persons were duly elected clerks of the 
 
 respective districts indicated, at the annual school election held on the day of , 18 — , and 
 
 that the oath of office of each of said persons has been filed in my oflSce as required by law. 
 
 No. of 
 dist. 
 
 Name of clerk. 
 
 Postoffice address. 
 
 Remarks. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dated this - 
 
 ■ dav of - 
 
 -,18—. 
 
 Supt. Com. Schools, 
 
 Co., Wash. 
 
 Form No. 46. 
 
 Report of County Superintendent to Sujyerintendent of Public Instruction of the 
 
 Ap23oi7itment of a School District Officer. 
 To THE Superintendent of Public Instruction, Olympia, Washington : 
 
 You are hereby notified that , of , has been appointed to the ollice of 
 
 of School District No. , of county, Washington, in place of ; that he has 
 
 qualiticd as such officer, and that his oath of office has been filed in my office as required by law. 
 
 I )ated this day of , 18—. , 
 
 Supt. Com. Schools, Co., Wash. 
 
 Form No. 47. 
 Report of Teachers' Institute, County, Washington. 
 
 ■ on tlie 
 
 day of 
 
 In.stitute convened at ■ 
 
 instructorw, , , ■ 
 
 rolled, ; total expense of institute paid by county, ' 
 
 -, 18 — . Conductor, ■ 
 
 No. of days institute was in .session, • 
 
 , of 
 
 No. of teachers en- 
 
 SCHEDULE OF ATTENDANCE. 
 
 NamrM. 
 
 I'listofficf nddrrss. 
 
 No. days 
 attendance. 
 
 No. of months' 
 
 or pears' experience 
 
 had as a teacher. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 day of 
 
 ,18-. 
 
 f bounty .Superintendent. 
 -TIiIm ri-piirf in n-quin-il (o be niuiU- williiii lil'tccn days after the close of the institute.
 
 FORMS. 
 
 153 
 
 Form No. 48. 
 
 Report of Coiinly t^nperintendent to County Treasurer of School Di.^trirl Officers 
 
 Elected or Qualified. 
 
 To THE Treasurer of • 
 
 County, Washington : 
 
 You are hereby notified that the following named persons were duly elected to the offices 
 
 indicated, at the annual school election held on the day of , 189 — ; that the oath of office 
 
 of each of said persons has been filed in my office as required by law. 
 
 No. of 
 dist. 
 
 Naine of officer. 
 
 Title to office. 
 
 Duration of 
 term. 
 
 Postoffice address. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Dated this 
 
 day of - 
 
 18—. 
 
 Supt. Com. Schools, 
 
 • Co., Wash. 
 
 Form No. 49. 
 
 Beport of County Superintendent to County Treasurer of the Appointmenl of a 
 
 School District Officer. 
 
 To THE Treasurer of County, Washington : 
 
 You are hereby notified that , of , has been appointed to the office of 
 
 of School District No. , of this county, in place of ■ 
 
 the day of , 18 — ; that his oath of office is now on file in my office. 
 
 Dated this day of , 18—. 
 
 Supt. Com. Schools, 
 Remark. — All appointed officers serve until the next annual election. 
 
 ; that he qualified as such officer on 
 
 Co., Wash. 
 
 Form No. 60. 
 
 Rexjort of Fines Collected by Clerks of Courts and Justices of the Peace. 
 
 To the Superintendent of Common Schools, County', Washington : 
 
 You are hereby notified that the sum of $ has been collected by me during; the quarter 
 
 beginning on the first day of , 18 — , as fines for breach of penal laws of the State of Wash- 
 ington, and that said money has been turned over to the county treasurer to be placed to the 
 credit of the common school fund. 
 
 Dated this day of , 18 — . , 
 
 Remark. — Clerks of courts and justices of the peace are required to make this report quar- 
 terly.
 
 154 
 
 FORMS. 
 
 Form Xo. 51. 
 
 Report of Examination of Teachers in County, Wasliitiijloji, , 18.9 — . 
 
 Names and addresses of assistant examiners: of , of . 
 
 DIRECTORY OF APPLICANTS.* 
 
 Xo. 
 
 Names. 
 
 Postoffice address. 
 
 *Grnde of 
 certificate 
 granted. 
 
 JVo. months'' or years' 
 experience applicant 
 ha-s had as teacher. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * Where applicant failed so state. 
 
 County Superintendent. 
 Remarks. — Tliis report is retiuired to be made within fifteen days after tlie close of the exam- 
 
 Form No. 52. 
 Notice of Special School District Meeting. 
 
 Notice is hereby given that a special meeting- of the legal school electors of School District No. 
 
 of county. ^V:^shington, will be held at , in said district, on the daj'of , 
 
 18 — , beginning at tlie hour of- — o'clock — -M., of said day, for the purpose of determining 
 
 Hy order of the board of directors. 
 
 Dated this day of , 18—. , 
 
 .School District Clerk. 
 
 Uemarks. — At iea.>it three notices should be postcil at least fen days. No business can be 
 trHn.sacteil except such as is spccifu^d in th<" notice. The meeting contemplated is not an election 
 in the strid sense of that term, but is a meeting at whicli the voters may assemble to discuss and 
 determine matters jiertaining to tlic welfare of their district. 
 
 Form No. 53. 
 
 School District Officer's Signature. 
 County, WAHiiiNfiTON : 
 
 Tkkahurkk ok 
 
 Sir --My Hlgnatiire, herewith tninsniitlcd for llling in your onic<-, is in the form in which it 
 will hereiirt<T iipi>eiir when lUtiiihed to wmrants drawn upon you by the olVu'ers of this school 
 
 diMtrict during my term of olllee. Said term is for • year-, beginning on the first Monday of 
 
 , 1«9 -. ( Signed ) , 
 
 ♦Director — Clerk ol .Sihool District No. , County, Washington. 
 
 * ICniMc '■ Director" or " ("lerk," lis the case may require 
 
 ('(■rtijiratc 
 
 I hereby certify, lliul Die u illiiii signiilure of M- 
 of S<li..ol Dintricl .No — . 
 
 iikI Unit he is a 
 
 (Signed I 
 
 Km* 
 
 *l»irec(<.r -Clerk ol Sc Ikk.I Disliiit .\o. , County, Washington. 
 
 Dliei'lor" r,r "Clerk." as the cime miiy rcipiire.
 
 GEI^ERxVL INDEX. 
 
 Page. 
 
 Introduction, by superintendent of public instruction 3 
 
 Common Schools, System of 5 
 
 Common Schools, System of, in cities of 10,000 or more inhabitants 45 
 
 School District Bond Law 53 
 
 Education of Defective Youth Compulsory 59 
 
 State Normal School at Cheney 60 
 
 State Normal School at Ellensburgh 64 
 
 State Normal School in Whatcom county 68 
 
 Formation of new school districts 69 
 
 Manner of payment of warrants 69 
 
 Management and control of state normal schools 70 
 
 Constitution of the State of Washington 81 
 
 Synopsis of official opinions and rulings on questions of school law 129 
 
 Forms for use of school officers and teachers 136 
 
 ALPHABETICAL INDEX TO LAWS. 
 
 A. 
 
 Appeals — To Superintendent of Public Instruction : Sec. Page. 
 
 How taken, time within which taken, by teachers 11 13 
 
 How taken by persons aggrieved ll* 1*^ 
 
 May be taken from decision made on appeal to county superintendent 32 24 
 
 Appeals — To County Superintendent: How taken, mode of procedure 32 24 
 
 Appeals — To County Commissioners: 
 
 Persons aggrieved in formation of school districts may take 19 18 
 
 Persons aggrieved in alteration of school districts may take 20 19 
 
 A u oiTOR — State : 
 
 Shall draw warrant for state school fund apportioned 3 7 
 
 Shall notify superintendent of public instruction of funds on hand 3 7 
 
 Auditor — County : 
 
 Shall extend special school tax on tax roll of county 53 32 
 
 Shall report to superintendent of public instruction election or appointment of 
 
 county superintendent 88 42 
 
 Shall report amount of salary, mileage, etc., paid county superintendent 88 42 
 
 Shall report to superintendent of public instruction amount paid examiners of 
 
 teachers 88 42 
 
 Shall report to superintendent of public instruction number of mills levied for 
 
 school purposes 88 42 
 
 Auditing Committee — City districts: Must au<lit all accounts 18 48
 
 156 INDEX. 
 
 B. 
 
 Sec. Page. 
 
 Blaxks — By whom printed and distributed 3 6 
 
 Board of Education — State : 
 
 How constituted, tenure of office 6 8 
 
 Meetings of, annual, special 7 9 
 
 Compensation of members, liow paid 7 9 
 
 Expenses of, not to exceed 91,000 per annum 7 9 
 
 Shall adopt or re-adopt text books .'. 8 9 
 
 Shall prepare course of study for common schools 8 10 
 
 Shall sit as board of examiners 8 10 
 
 Shall prepare questions for county examinations 8 11 
 
 Vacancy in board, how filled 9 11 
 
 Board of Education — City : 
 
 Who shall constitute board 1 45 
 
 Shall consist of five members 2 45 
 
 Old directors in districts united by this act, to continue 2 45 
 
 Members shall act as judges of elections 4 46 
 
 Shall appoint additional judges, etc 4 46 
 
 Shall count votes and issue certificate of election 5 46 
 
 Shall meet as canvassing board, when 5 46 
 
 Shall take oath of office and file same 6 47 
 
 Shall elect president and vice president, when 7 47 
 
 Shall elect secretary and fix salary of. 7 47 
 
 Shall elect officers, etc., by viva i^oce vote 8 47 
 
 Shall hold regular and special meetings 13 48 
 
 Shall maintain office and meet at 14 48 
 
 Vacancies in board, how filled 16 48 
 
 Vacancies in board may be created, how 17 48 
 
 Quorum — less than, powers of. 17 48 
 
 Shall not vote expenditure of more than $500, except on contract 18 48 
 
 Accounts of, subject to inspection of county superintendent 18 49 
 
 General powers and duties 19 49 
 
 Shall cause enumeration to be taken 20 50 
 
 Shall report to county superintendent 20 50 
 
 Members of, shall have no interest in contracts 21 50 
 
 Meinbers shall receive no cotnpensation 21 50 
 
 Board shall not .sell school property except 22 50 
 
 Shall advertise for bids in certain cases 23 50 
 
 Shall receive bids to furnish supplies, etc 23 50 
 
 Two meiTibcrs shall serve on board of examination 24 51 
 
 lioard shall report to county commissioners, what 30 5L 
 
 May order election to vote tax 30 51 
 
 Board ok Exa.mination — State: (See Board of Education — St^te.) 
 Board <»k Exa.mination — County: (See Examiners — County.) 
 Board ok E-xa.mination — City: 
 
 Shall consiHt of whom 24 51 
 
 IIow appoint<'d, tenure of oflice, chairman 24 51 
 
 (jencral powers and duties 26 51 
 
 May grunt ccrtiCicatcH without examination, to 27 51 
 
 May renew or revoke cerliflcate.s 27 51 
 
 May isHuf- perm its 27 51 
 
 Coinpi'iiHution of members 29 52 
 
 Bonds— School l)lMlri<'t: 
 
 DiHtriclM iiiiiy Immiic, for ccrliiin pinposes 1 "3 
 
 Amount tif, ruW of iiitercMt ' ** 
 
 Kledioii to delcrinine isHuing of. 2 54 
 
 Notice of eleelion shall state, what - 54 
 
 Majority volir — Ihrec-dflhM majority '- •''■* 
 
 Form of hoiidM reglNtr.v of boiiilM •' ''•' 
 
 .MuMl not Ih- Mr. Id below par value ■* ^^^ 
 
 I'ei'H for ailvcrliHJiig - liow paid '* '•'' 
 
 MiiMt he priiili-.l or lilliugiaplicd 7 56
 
 INDEX. 157 
 
 Bonds — School District — Conlinued. Sec. Page. 
 
 Must be founded in certain districts 8 56 
 
 Bonds issued under former acts may be funded under this act 8 56 
 
 Interest on, shall cease, wlien 9 57 
 
 Incidental expenses, how paid 10 57 
 
 How redeemed and canceled 11 58 
 
 c. 
 
 Census — School District: 
 
 When taken, by whom taken 34 25 
 
 Shall include, what 34 25 
 
 Shall not include certain classes 34 25 
 
 In cities of 10,000, by whom taken 20 50 
 
 Census Marshai- — In Cities of 10,000: 
 
 Compensation of. 20 .50 
 
 Aijpointnient of, by whom made 20 50 
 
 Shall verify returns by affidavit 20 50 
 
 Certificates — City : 
 
 Grades of, four 26 51 
 
 Shall be valid only in cities where issued 28 52 
 
 Shall be granted only to holders of state or county certificates.. 28 52 
 
 Certificates — County : 
 
 Grades of, duration of 12 14 
 
 Board of examiners may issue without examination in certain cases 12 14 
 
 Who are eligible to receive certificates 12 15 
 
 Temporary certificates may be granted by county superintendent 12 14 
 
 Requirements to obtain certificates 12 15 
 
 May be revoked by county superintendent 11 13 
 
 Shall be forfeited, when 77 41 
 
 Certificates granted under territorial law valid for full term for which granted 84 42 
 
 Certificates — State : 
 
 Qualification required for 8 10 
 
 May be revoked 8 11 
 
 Fee for 8 11 
 
 Other qualifications 12 14 
 
 Territorial certificates valid 84 42 
 
 Certificates — State Normal : 
 
 At Cheney, to whom granted 12 63 
 
 At Ellensburgh, entitle holder to teach 7 65 
 
 Clerks — School District: 
 
 Election, tenure of office .33 24 
 
 Shall take office, when 33 24 
 
 Shall file signature with county treasurer 701 3i> 
 
 Appointment of, to fill vacancy 33 24 
 
 Shall be clerk of special meetings of voters 30 23 
 
 Shall file transcript of records with county superintendent in certain cases 32 24 
 
 Shall attend meetings of board of directors 34 25 
 
 Shall preserve copies of all reports to county superintendent 34 25 
 
 Shall keep account of expenses incurred 34 2.5 
 
 Shall present record book for inspection at annual election 34 25 
 
 Shall take census of all children of school age 34 25 
 
 Shall designate numberof weeks each child has attended school during last school 
 
 year 34 25 
 
 Shall note names and residences of parents and guardians 34 25 
 
 Shall not enumerate Indians and Mongolians 34 2.5 
 
 Shall noteall defective youth .34 25 
 
 Shall make a report to county superintendent 34 25 
 
 Report shall contain, what 34 25 
 
 Shall give notice of annual and special elections or meetings 34 26 
 
 Shall report to county superintendent employment of teacliers and commence- 
 ment of term of school 34 26 
 
 Shall issue and countersign warrants 34 26 
 
 Shall receive certain compensation 35 26 
 
 Penalty for failure to make reports 36 27
 
 158 INDEX. 
 
 Clerks — School District — Continued. Sec. Page. 
 
 Shall certify to correctness of teachers" reports 39 28 
 
 Shall certify special tax levy to county auditor 53 32 
 
 Shall call meeting to form union district 61 35 
 
 Shall take oath of office, when 70 38 
 
 Shall report to superior judge, what 83 41 
 
 Shall report to county superintendent the names of all defective youth 1 59 
 
 Commissioners — County: 
 
 Shall appoint county superintendent to fill vacancy \0 12 
 
 Shall cause a record of school district boundaries to be entered upon journal 11 13 
 
 Shall withhold salary of county superintendent, when 15 16 
 
 Shall provide office for county superintendent 14 15 
 
 Shall levy tax for support of schools 52 31 
 
 Shall levy tax in cities of 10,000 or more inhabitants 30 52 
 
 Shall enforce compulsory education law for defective youth 3 59 
 
 Shall defyay expenses of defective youth, when 4 59 
 
 May be fined for failure to enforce compulsory education law for defective youth, 5 59 
 
 Contracts ^Declared to be valid under state government 84 42 
 
 CosvESTlox, County Superintendents'— By whom called, when 3 7 
 
 Course of Study: 
 
 For ungraded schools, by whom prepared 8 10 
 
 Penalty for failure to comply with course of study 23 20 
 
 To be adopted by boards of directors in graded schools 64 37 
 
 Shall be enforced by teachers 39 28 
 
 Board of education shall adopt, in cities of 10,000 19 49 
 
 D. 
 
 Diplomas — Life : 
 
 When and to whom may be granted 8 10 
 
 Qualifications necessary in order to obtain 8 10 
 
 Fee for 8 11 
 
 May be revoked 8 11 
 
 Territorial diplomas declared valid under state government 84 42 
 
 Diplomas — State Normal : Shall entitle holder to teach 7 65 
 
 Director — School District: 
 
 Election, tenure of ofiice, failure to qualify 25 20 
 
 Shall take office, when 25 20 
 
 Shall file signature with county treasurer 70.^ 39 
 
 Appointment of. 11 13 
 
 Shall take oath 70 38 
 
 May administer oaths 70 ;J8 
 
 ■ Shall have no pecuniary interest in any contract, etc 31 23 
 
 DiRKCTou.s — Boards of : 
 
 Shall employ teachers, etc 26 21 
 
 Shall eriforc'c rules, course of study, etc 26 21 
 
 .Shall proviile and pay for furniture, etc 26 21 
 
 Shall rent, furnish, repair and insure school houses 26 21 
 
 Shall build or remove school houses, etc 26 21 
 
 Shall purchase p(.-rsonal property, etc 26 21 
 
 Shall Kunpend or expel pupils 26 21 
 
 Shall cxchKh; children under 6 years of age from school 26 21 
 
 Hluill provide bo.iks for indigent children 26 21 
 
 Shall re<|iiirc all <'hildreii to be supplied with books 26 21 
 
 SliiiU exclude from school and school libraries certain classes of literature 26 21 
 
 .May iiiilliori/,e Hchoolroom to be used for certain purjjoses 26 21 
 
 Shall ri-(|iiire leaelierH to conform to law 26 21 
 
 Shall be liable, as dirielors, for del)lK, juilgnienls, etc 27 21 
 
 May permit non-resident pupils to attend school 28 21 
 
 Mu.v charge tuition to non-resident pupils in certain cases 28 22 
 
 Shall turn all moneys c'olleeted over to county treasurj-r 28 22 
 
 May make b.v-laws for government of 29 22 
 
 .Shall hfild regular ineelingM, when 29 22 
 
 May hold Hpeeiul meetings 29 22 
 
 .shall have custody of school property 30 22
 
 INDEX. 159 
 
 Directors — Boards of — Conthuicd. Sec. Page. 
 
 Shall have power to convey by deed, etc 30 22 
 
 Shall have power to transact all business necessary for maintaining school, etc... 30 22 
 
 Shall sign warrants for payment of debts, etc 30 22 
 
 Shall sign and execute deeds 30 22 
 
 Shall call special meetings of voters for certain purposes 30 23 
 
 Shall carry out directions of voters at special meetings 30 23 
 
 Shall appoint a clerk of board pro tern 34 25 
 
 Shall not sign warrant for teacher's wages, when 38 27 
 
 Shall not contract debts, when 31^ 23 
 
 Shall withhold warrant for last month's salary until all reports, etc., have been 
 
 made 39 28 
 
 Shall make written order for employment of teacher 39 28 
 
 May admit adult and non-resident pupils to school 44 29 
 
 May determine length of school day 46 29 
 
 May levy special tax not exceeding 5 mills 53 32 
 
 May order election to vote special tax not exceeding 10 mills 53 32 
 
 Shall pay district clei'k for services when all reports have been made 35 26 
 
 Shall not audit account until all reports are made 35 26 
 
 May borrow money and issue bonds of district 1 53 
 
 Shall certify result of bond election to county treasurer ' 3 54 
 
 Shall canvass bids for bonds 4 .55 
 
 Shall deliver bonds to treasurer 4 55 
 
 Shall levy tax to pay interest on bonds 5 55 
 
 Shall cause lionds to be printed or lithographed 7 56 
 
 E. 
 
 Elections — Judges of: 
 
 How chosen, must take oath .56 33 
 
 Shall proclaim polls open 56 33 
 
 Shall receive and deposit ballots '.57 34 
 
 Shall administer oath to challenged voter .58 34 
 
 Shall proclaim polls closed and count votes 59 34 
 
 Elections — School District: 
 
 Special election to vote tax, how called and conducted 53 32 
 
 Annual election, when and where held 54 32 
 
 Notice of, must contain, what 55 33 
 
 Polls must be kept open, how long 55 33 
 
 Polls must be kept open in cities, how long 55 33 
 
 How conducted, electors to choose judges of, and clerk 56 33 
 
 .Judge and clerk must take oath 56 .33 
 
 Judges shall proclaim opening of polls 56 .34 
 
 Shall receive ballots and proclaini name of voter 57 34 
 
 Clerk of election shall record names 57 34 
 
 Qualifications of voters .58 .34 
 
 Challenged voter must take oath .58 34 
 
 Illegal voters may be punished 58 34 
 
 Judges shall declare closing of polls, etc 59 34 
 
 Ballot-box must not be removed from room 59 .34 
 
 Clerk of election shall record names of persons voted for 59 34 
 
 Clerk of election shall issue certificates of election 60 35 
 
 Clerk of election shall also make certificate to county superintendent 60 35 
 
 Tie vote, how decided 60 35 
 
 Elections — In cities of 10,000 or more : 
 
 When held 3 45 
 
 Notice of, shall state what; how given 3 46 
 
 Notice of, five legal voters may give 3 46 
 
 Vote must be by ballot 3 46 
 
 Polls shall be open, when 3 46 
 
 Election board, how constituted 4 46 
 
 Electors may choose judges 4 46 
 
 Judges chosen shall take oath 4 46 
 
 Vote, when counted 5 46 
 
 Result shall be certified to county superintendent 5 46
 
 160 INDEX. 
 
 Elections — In cities of 10,000 or more — Continued. Sec. Page. 
 
 Persons elected must take oath 6 47 
 
 Election to vote tax, notice of. 30 52 
 
 Examinations — City : 
 
 Shall be public 25 51 
 
 When held 25 51 
 
 Proceedings shall be certified to board of education 25 51 
 
 Examinations — County: 
 
 Must be held quarterly in all counties, when 11 14 
 
 Notice of. 11 14 
 
 How conducted 11 14 
 
 Competitive examination for scholarships instate normal school at Ellensburgh.. 11 65 
 
 Examinations, State — When held 8 10 
 
 Examiners — County : 
 
 How and by whom appointed, tenure of oflSce 11 14 
 
 May issue certificates without examination 12 14 
 
 May indt>rse certificates from other counties 12 15 
 
 Compensation of 13 15 
 
 Shall hold competitive examinations, when 11 65 
 
 Examiners, State — (See State Board of Education.) 
 
 F. 
 
 Fines — (See Fines and Penalties.) 
 
 Fines and Penalties: 
 
 Shall go into school fund 89 43 
 
 Shall be turned over to county treasurer within thirty days 52 31 
 
 Must be reported to county superintendent quarterly 52 31 
 
 G. 
 
 Governor : 
 
 Shall appoint members of board of education 6 8 
 
 Shall transmit report of superintendent to legislature 3 5 
 
 Shall appoint trustees for normal school at Cheney 3 59 
 
 Shall fill vacancies in board by appointment 15 64 
 
 Shall select site for normal school at Ellensburgh 2 64 
 
 Shall be ex officio a member of board of trustees for normal school at Ellensburgh.. 4 65 
 
 Guardians — (See Parents and Guardians.) 
 
 H. 
 
 He or Hi.'^ sliiiUbi- construed to mean she or her 78 41 
 
 Indians — Chilli rcii of tl io.se not taxed shall not be enumerated 34 25 
 
 J. 
 
 Judges — (See Elections — Judges of.) 
 
 JUHTICEH OK the PEACE : 
 
 Shall pay all fini^s and licenses to county treasurer 52 31 
 
 Sliall report to county treasurer quarterly 52 31 
 
 L. 
 
 I,AWH— (S<-e Mchool l,llWH.) 
 
 M. 
 
 MoNcif)I.IANM ( liildriMi 111, hliiill mil lie itiiitiicritled 'M 25 
 
 (). 
 
 Oath ok Oi-kice: 
 
 Sliiill be cnilorMcd on eertidciite of cleelion 70 38 
 
 OfHcliool oniccTB muBtbe llled witli county Huperinten<lent 14 16 
 
 <)yyiiy.HH — {Hfe School OflflcerB.)
 
 INDEX. 161 
 P. 
 
 Pakents — (See Parents and Guardians.) 
 
 Parents or Guardians: Sec. Page. 
 
 Shall be liable for damages to school property 48 30 
 
 Shall send children to school 81 41 
 
 Penalty for failure to send children to school 82 41 
 
 Shall not insult or abuse teacher, penalty for 86 42 
 
 Shall send defective youth to state school for 3 59 
 
 May educate defective youth at home 3 59 
 
 Penalty for neglect to educate defective youth 5 59 
 
 Physiology and Hygiene — Must be taught in common schools; penalty for failure, 
 
 neglect or refusal 90 43 
 
 President of Board op Education — City; 
 
 Shall be elected, when 7 47 
 
 Duties of 9 47 
 
 President of Board of Education — State superintendent of public instruction 
 
 shall be 3 7 
 
 Prosecuting Attorney' — Shall enforce law requiring physiology and hygiene to be 
 
 taught 91 44- 
 
 Pupils : 
 
 Shall pursue course of study 48 30 
 
 Shall comply with rules 48 30 
 
 Penalty attaching for violation of rules 48 30 
 
 Penalty for damaging school property.. 48 30 
 
 Q. 
 
 Questions — For Examination of Teachers : 
 
 Shall be distributed by superintendent of public instruction 3 6 
 
 Shall be prepared by state board of education 8 11 
 
 R. 
 
 Repeals : 
 
 All acts, etc 92 44 
 
 All acts, etc 33 53 
 
 Reports : 
 
 Of superintendent of public instruction, biennial, when made 3 5 
 
 Of private and sectarian schools, annual 3 7 
 
 Of state institutions of learning 3 7 
 
 Of county superintendents, annual 11 13 
 
 Of county superintendents, names of teachers examined 14 16 
 
 Of county superintendents, names of officers elected and qualified 14 16 
 
 Of county superintendents, names of officers appointed and qualified 14 16 
 
 Of county superintendents, all statements required by state superintendent 15 16 
 
 Of county superintendents, of institute held 14 16 
 
 Of school district clerk, annual 34 25 
 
 Of city boards of education, annual 20 50^ 
 
 Of secretary of city board of education 12 47 
 
 Of teachers 38 27 
 
 Of teacher, principal, or city superintendent 38 27 
 
 Of principal or city superintendent 65 37 
 
 Of county auditor 88 42 
 
 Of county treasurer 71 39 
 
 Of justices of peace and clerks of courts 52 31 
 
 Rules — For Common Schools : 
 
 By whom prepared 8 10 
 
 Directors shall enforce 26 21 
 
 Teacher shall enforce 39 28 
 
 11—
 
 162 INDEX. 
 
 S. 
 
 Scholars: (See Pupils.) 
 
 Schools — Common: Sec. Page. 
 
 A uniform system of, shall he maintained 1 5 
 
 Administration of system, l>y whom 2 .5 
 
 A common school detined 44 29 
 
 Shall be open, to whom 44 29 
 
 Shall be taught in English language 45 29 
 
 Instruction shall be given, in what branches 45 29 
 
 School day, length of. 46 29 
 
 Pupils and teachers excluded from, when 47 29 
 
 Pupils must comply with regulations of 48 30 
 
 Pupils maybe expelled from 48 30 
 
 Property of, must not be destroyed or abused 48 30 
 
 School year, begins when 49 30 
 
 Free from sectarian control 51 31 
 
 Schools — Conunon — Support of: 
 
 State fund, permanent 50 .30 
 
 Interest on permanent state fund, rentals, etc 51 31 
 
 Annual tax in each county, maximum, minimum 52 31 
 
 All fines for breach of penal laws 52 31 
 
 Special taxes, how levied 53 31 
 
 Schools — Union : 
 
 Districts, how formed 61 35 
 
 Directors of, .shall consist of whom 61 35 
 
 Board of, how organized 61 35 
 
 Powers and duties of boards of. 62 36 
 
 Boards shall report election of clerk to county s\iperintendent 62 36 
 
 Course of study in 63 36 
 
 Expenses of union school, how paid 63 36 
 
 Schools — Private, shall report to superintendent of public instruction, what 3 7 
 
 Schools — Normal : 
 
 Managed and iontrolled by board of three trustees , 1 70 
 
 Trustees of, how designated and of whom to consist 1 70 
 
 Tru.stees, terms of office and vacancies, how filled 2 70 
 
 Trustees, organization of 3 70 
 
 Trustees, general i)owers and duties of. 4 71 
 
 Trustees, report of, ma<le to general board 20 77 
 
 Trustees, may establish boarding house 5 71 
 
 Trustees, regular and special meetings of 6 71 
 
 Trustees, bills and accounts audited by 4 71 
 
 Trustees, general board of, how constituted, etc 8 72 
 
 Trustees, general board, meetings, i)owers, and duties, of. 9-11 73 
 
 Trustees, general Ijoard, to provide model training department 12 74 
 
 Trustees, general board, diplomas granted by 13 74 
 
 Trustees, general board, report what, to governor 20 77 
 
 Trustees, <om|>ensation of, per diem and for traveling 21 77 
 
 Trimtees, fr)rbidden to take contracts, furnish supplies, etc 22 77 
 
 TruMtees, lined for violating provisions of this act 22 78 
 
 I'rineipHl of, powers and duties 7 72 
 
 Principal of, to meet with general board 19 77 
 
 Sludenln, admitted on what terms, suspeniled, etc 14 75 
 
 Library of, how n)arnig<'d and maintained 15 75 
 
 Competitive examination of applicants for membership 16 75 
 
 <'ompelitive examinulion, (|ueHlionH for, prepared by whom 17 76 
 
 ■Age, reijuired for udmisHion to 18 76 
 
 S( HCMii, — HIate Normal at (In my: 
 
 I/oeation of, coiiliiigi-ut upon donation of .Hit<' 1 
 
 f)bje«:t of Mchool, both sexes eliKil)lc to McholarshipH 1 59 
 
 How governiMJ - •♦" 
 
 !{e(|iiirem<-ntM for admission to 8 62 
 
 Appliiants for ailniisMion must pass exiiminnlion 9 62 
 
 HtiKhrnts musl Mign eontnu-t— exceptions 9 62 
 
 VisltorH at, must report to superintendent of public instruetion 10 63 
 
 59
 
 INDEX. 163 
 
 School — State Normal at Kllensbuifjh : Sec. Page. 
 
 Shall be established and designated " Washington State Normal School " 1 64 
 
 Site for, by whom selected : 2 64 
 
 Site for, by whom conveyed to state 3 65 
 
 Board of trustees, of whom composed 4 65 
 
 Scholarships, who may acq\iire 11 66 
 
 Competitive examination for scholarships 11 66 
 
 Eligibility to scholarships — age, moral character 12 66 
 
 Students must sign declaration of intention to teach 12 66 
 
 Students from other states, admission of. To 66 
 
 Principal of, his duties 15 67 
 
 School — State Normal in Whatcom Comity: 
 
 Jo be established 1 68 
 
 Commission to examine and locate site 2 68 
 
 When to meet, and duties of. .' 3 68 
 
 Citizens to donate land 3 68 
 
 No discrimination in selecting site 3 68 
 
 Governed by same rules as other state normal schools 4 68 
 
 School Districts: 
 
 Term defined, how designated, all districts legalized 18 17 
 
 New districts, how formed, appeals 19 17 
 
 Change of boundaries of, appeals 20 18 
 
 Boundaries of, harmonized by county superintendent 11 13 
 
 Cannot be diminished in area, when 1 69 
 
 New districts entitled to money, when 21 19 
 
 Organization of, ceases and determines, when 21 19 
 
 New district entitled to division of funds of old, when 22 19 
 
 New district entitled to its proportion of special tax 22 19 
 
 Districts not entitled to funds, when 23 20 
 
 Districts shall forfeit 25 per cent, of funds, when 23 20 
 
 Must maintain school three months 24 20 
 
 May issue bonds 1 53 
 
 School Di.stricts — In cities and towns, graded: 
 
 Each incorporated city or town shall be comprised in one school district 64 36 
 
 Limits of district may extend beyond limits of town 64 .36 
 
 Principal of schools to be employed in certain cases 64 36 
 
 Directors establish course of study in 64 36 
 
 City superintendent shall be employed in certain cases 65 37 
 
 Board of directors in districts united 66 37 
 
 Funds and other property of united districts 67 38 
 
 Board of districts united must meet and organize within thirty days 68 38 
 
 Clerk of districts united shall notify county superintendent ■. 68 38 
 
 School Districts — In cities of 10,000 or more inhabitants: 
 
 May include territory adjacent to city 1 45 
 
 How designated and known 1 45 
 
 Shall be a body corporate 1 45 
 
 Property of districts by this act shall vest in new district 1 45 
 
 Directors of, shall have control of all property I 45 
 
 District shall not be entitled to funds raised by county tax 32 -53 
 
 School Elections — (See Elections — School.) 
 
 School Finds: 
 
 How apportioned by county superintendent 11 13 
 
 Not apportioned to districts failing to have school 24 20 
 
 Excess restored to general fund, when 71 39 
 
 School Funds — State Permanent: 
 
 How apportioned to the several counties 3 7 
 
 From what sources derived 50 30 
 
 Losses to, shall be funded debt upon state 51 31 
 
 School Laws — By whom and to whom distributed 3 6 
 
 School Meeting — Penalty for disturbance of. 87 42 
 
 School Meeting — Special: 
 
 Directors may call 30 22 
 
 Directors shall call, upon petition of voters 30 22 
 
 For what purposes special meeting may be called , 30 22
 
 164 INDEX. 
 
 School Meeting — Special — Continued. Sec. Page. 
 
 Notice of. 30 23 
 
 Who shall preside 30 23 
 
 aerkof. 30 23 
 
 School Month — Twenty days shall constitute W 28 
 
 School Officers: 
 
 May administer oaths in certain cases 56 33 
 
 Shall deliver property to successor 69 38 
 
 Shall take oath of office, may administer oath 70 .38 
 
 Secretary of State shall be member of board of trustees to select site for state nor- 
 mal school at Ellensburgh 2 60 
 
 Secret.\ry — State Board of Education : 
 
 Shall be elected by board 8 10 
 
 Shall keep a record of proceedings 8 10 
 
 Shall file certified copy of record with superintendent of public instruction 8 10 
 
 Secretary — City Board of Education : 
 
 Shall not be a member of board 7 47 
 
 Salary of 7 47 
 
 May be removed 7 47 
 
 Duties of. 11 47 
 
 Shall give bond and take oath 12 47 
 
 Shall make rejwrts from time to time 12 47 
 
 Sliall take census — may appoint census marshals 20 r>0 
 
 Secretary of Board of Trvstees — Cheney Normal School: 
 
 Shall keep a record of proceedings 3 60 
 
 .Shall report to legislature 3 60 
 
 Speciali.sts — Need not not pass examination 8.5 42 
 
 Superintendent — City : 
 
 Shall be elected, in cities of 10,000 or more, by viva voce vote 8 47 
 
 Compensation, fi.xed by board of education 19 49 
 
 Shall be chairman of city board of examination .' 24 51 
 
 Shall report to superintendent of public instruction 65 37 
 
 Superintendent — County : 
 
 Election of, tenure of office, oath, bond 10 H 
 
 May appoint a deputy IC H 
 
 Vacancy in office of, how filled It* 12 
 
 Shall exercise careful supervision over schools and sec that laws are observed 11 12 
 
 Shall visit schools H ^2 
 
 Shall receive pay for but one visit to certain schools 11 12 
 
 Shall distribute blanks, circulars, etc 11 12 
 
 Shall enforce the course of study, regulations, etc 11 12 
 
 Keej) on tile reports of superintendent of jjublic in.struction 11 12 
 
 Shall keep a rrconl of his official acts 11 12 
 
 Shall preserve all reports of s(rhool officers H 
 
 12 
 
 Shall administer oaths H 1- 
 
 Sliall kcej) a record of persons examined for certificates 11 12 
 
 Shall retain nianuscriitts of persons examined 11 12 
 
 Shall liohl nianuscripta subject to order of superintenilcnt of public instruction, 
 
 in case of appeal H '- 
 
 Shall make an annual report U> superintendent of public in.struction II 13 
 
 Shall keep a transcript of school district boumlaries H 13 
 
 Sliiill harrnonizc imperfect or coiillicting descriptioiiH of boundaries, and report 
 
 Miiini- to coiMitN- i-onnnlssioncr H 13 
 
 .Sluill I'liriiish descriplloii of boundurics to clerks H 13 
 
 Shall appoint scOiool officers, when H !■' 
 
 Shall appfirtion srliool fund, how, when 1' '•' 
 
 Shall < iTlil'y iipporlionnieni to <'ounty treasurer and district clerks ' I !• 
 
 Shall app<iint exuniincrs of teacherH 1 • 1 ' 
 
 Shiill grant temporary certilicat<'M " '' 
 
 Shall givi- notice of exaniiinitlon of teacherH " '* 
 
 .May rcxokc ccrtilh'uli'H 
 
 Shall rciiuire all reports to be nnide promptly '' 
 
 Hhftll Mcc that t< uihcrH' records arc projicrly kept '• 
 
 Shall Hce Ihiit nroiilH orsihool district clerks are properly kept H !<> 
 
 II 12 
 
 15
 
 INDEX. 165 
 
 Superintendent — County — Continued. Sec. Page. 
 Shall report names of all persons examined to superintendent of public instruc- 
 tion within 15 days 14 16 
 
 Shall send to superintendent of public instruction a report of teachers' institute, 
 
 within 15 days 14 16 
 
 Shall require oaths of school district officers to be filed in his office 14 16 
 
 Shall report directory of all school district oflicers to superintendent of public in- 
 struction and county treasurer 14 16 
 
 Shall keep his office open for transaction of business certain days each week 14 16 
 
 Shall forfeit SoO of salary for failure to make reports 15 16 
 
 Shall send transcript of record to superintendent of public instruction in case of 
 
 appeal 16 16 
 
 Shall receive S.S for each school visited 17 17 
 
 Shall receive mileage for visiting schools and attending convention of county 
 
 superintendents 17 17 
 
 Shall form new districts, how 19 17 
 
 Shall give notice of meeting to investigate petition 19 18 
 
 Shall certify his action to county commissioners in case of formation of new dis- 
 trict 19 18 
 
 May change boundaries of old district, how 20 18 
 
 Shall not reduce to less than four sections, when 1 69 
 
 Shall certify his action to county commissioners in case of changing boundaries 
 
 of old district 20 19 
 
 Shall apportion inoneys to new district, when 22 19 
 
 Shall deduct 25 per cent, from funds of districts failing to follow course of study 
 
 or use prescribed textbooks 23 20 
 
 Shall appoint directors to fill vacancies ' 25 20 
 
 Shall decide cases appealed from action of directors ; 32 24 
 
 Shall appoint clerk to fill vacancy 33 24 
 
 Shall certify to directors quarterly, when clerks have made all reports required... 35 26 
 
 Shall appoint school otficers in case of failure to elect 60 35 
 
 Shall make a record of boundaries of school districts changed by incorporation 
 
 or consolidation of cities or towns, and shall designate districts by numbers.. 66 37 
 
 Shall hold institute in certain counties 72 40 
 
 May hold institute in certain counties 73 40 
 
 Shall keep account of expenses in holding institutes 76 40 
 
 Shall see that fines, penalties, etc., are paid to covmty treasurer 89 42 
 
 Shall forbid payment of warrants in certain eases 90 43 
 
 Shall be liable to fine for failure to enforce provision relative to teaching of hy- 
 giene 91 44 
 
 Shall preserve certificates of elections 5 46 
 
 Shall examine accounts of city districts, etc .,. 18 48 
 
 Shall report defective youth to county commissioners and to director of school 
 
 for 2 59 
 
 Shall be subject to penalty for failure to report defective youth 5 59 
 
 Shall hold competitive examinations, when, for what 16 75 
 
 May discriminate in favor of certain classes of applicants for scholarships 16 76 
 
 To furnish letters of recommendation to applicants for admission to state normal 
 
 school at Ellensburgh 12 66 
 
 Superintendent op Public Instruction: 
 
 When elected, term of office 3 5 
 
 Shall have supervision over all matters pertaining to common schools 3 5 
 
 Shall receive salary of $2,.500 per annum 3 5 
 
 Shall report to governor, biennially, what 3 5 
 
 Shall distribute reports when printed 3 5 
 
 Shall prepare, have printed, and shall distribute blanks, foi-nis, books, registers, 
 
 etc 3 6 
 
 Shall travel, visit schools, deliver addresses, consult county superintendents, etc.. 3 6 
 
 Shall open correspondence with other states 3 6 
 
 Shall submit statement of expenses to state auditor 3 6 
 
 Shall have printed all laws, with forms, etc 3 6 
 
 Shall be ex officio president of state board of education 3 7 
 
 Shall call a convention of county superintendents, biennially 3 7 
 
 Shall apportion state school fund 3 7
 
 106 INDEX. 
 
 SfPERiSTENDEST OF PUBLIC Instkvctiox — Continued. Sec. Page. 
 
 Shall certify apportionment to state auditor and to county superintendents 3 7 
 
 Shall require reports from private and state institutions of learning 3 7 
 
 Shall keep a directory of school otflcers, teachers, and the trustees and faculties 
 
 of state institutions of learning 3 8 
 
 Shall keep his office at the capital of the state 4 8 
 
 Shall keep all books, papers and statistics relative to educational aflfairs of state.. -1 8 
 
 Shall file all papers, and may make certified copies of 4 8 
 
 Shall decide points of law, and shall publish his rulings and decisions 4 8 
 
 Shall deliver all records to successor 4 8 
 
 May employ a clerk 5 8 
 
 Shall advertise for proposals to furnish text books for common schools 8 9 
 
 May re-advertise for proposals to furnish text books 8 10 
 
 Shall render decisions on appeals in certain cases 10 17 
 
 May grant certificates on appeals 16 17 
 
 Shall give notice of commencement of state normal school at Cheney 7 62 
 
 Shall be member of board of trustees to select site forstate normal at Ellensburgh, 2 64 
 
 Shall be a member of board of trustees for state normal at Ellensburgh 4 65 
 
 Shall be executive agent and secretary of board of trustees for state normal school 
 
 at Ellensburgh 14 67 
 
 Shall visit state normal school at Ellensburgh 14 67 
 
 Shall, in connection with executive committee, expend all moneys for mainte- 
 nance of state normal school at Ellensburgh 14 67 
 
 Shall make .semi-annual report in writing, to board of trustees for state normal 
 
 school at Ellensburgh 14 67 
 
 Superior J.UDGE — Shall have power to remove orphan children who are not sent to 
 
 school 83 41 
 
 T. 
 
 Taxes: 
 
 In old districts shall lie against new district in certain cases 21 19 
 
 New district shall be entitled to just proportion of special taxes 22 19 
 
 Taxes — County School : 
 
 Annual tax must be levied in each county, maximum, minimum 52 31 
 
 Annual tax shall not lie against districts in cities of 10,000 or more inhabitants.... 32 ."53 
 
 TAXE.S — In cities of 10,000 or more inhabitants : 
 
 Shall bo levied by county commissioners 30 52 
 
 Levy shall be determined by vote in certain cases 30 52 
 
 Shall not exceed 1 per cent 30 52 
 
 TAXE.S — Special : 
 
 Hoard of directors may levy, not to exceed 5 mills on lh(> dollar 53 32 
 
 Voters may vote to levy not to exceed 10 mills on the dollar 53 32 
 
 Manner of voting special tax 53 32 
 
 Clerk shall certify levy to county auditor 53 32 
 
 Teach er.s: 
 
 Who are i|ualific(l tenehers 37 27 
 
 Shall report to county superintendent at time of nuiking contract to teach 38 27 
 
 Sliall nuike rejKirts at close of term or school year 38 27 
 
 Shall file copy of report with clerk before last month's .salary can be i)ai<l 38 27 
 
 I'riiiclpal or city superintendent nniy report to county superintendent in lieu of 
 
 ..I her teneiiers 38 27 
 
 Sliiill keep a register and nuike statistical summaries 39 27 
 
 Shall enforce course of study and rules and regulations 39 27 
 
 Hlinll be emjijoyed to teach ujion a written onh'r of l>oard of directors 39 28 
 
 Shall not J>e einploy<-<l uidess the holder of a legal certilicate in full force- .'{U 28 
 
 Hhiill not be re(|uired to teach on li<didays nor Saturdays 10 28 
 
 Hliull main tain order 41 28 
 
 May HUH|>end pupils II 28 
 
 Shall teaeh morality, patriotism, etc 12 28 
 
 .Hliall nol nuillreat |iu|iils 13 28 
 
 May dismisH priiiuiry pupils after an attendance at school of four hours 46 29 
 
 .Shall I.e excluded from school, when 47 29 
 
 .Mimt Hi tend InHtiliile 72 40
 
 INDEX. 167 
 
 Teachers — Continued. ffec. Page. 
 Shall be entitled to coinpensation during attendance at institute, if engaged in 
 
 teaching 75 40 
 
 Shall forfeit certificate by non-attendance at institute 77 41 
 
 Shall be exempt from maltreatment or abuse from parents, guardians and others.. 86 42 
 
 May be admitted to normal school at EUensburgh 11 66 
 
 Teachers' In.stitutes: 
 
 Must be held annually in certain counties 72 40 
 
 May be held annually in certain counties 73 40 
 
 Duration of session 74 40 
 
 Expenses of, how paid 76 40 
 
 All teachers must attend 77 41 
 
 Text Books: 
 
 How adopted ; how often may be changed 8 9 
 
 Penalty for failure or refusal to use 23 19 
 
 Shall remain in use not less than five years 79 41 
 
 Cities of 10,000 or more inhabitants may adopt additional text books 19 49 
 
 Treasurer — County : 
 
 Shall collect school funds 52 31 
 
 Shall restore surplus funds to general county fund 71 39 
 
 Shall collect special taxes 53 32 
 
 Shall be ex officio treasurer of all school districts in his coimty 71 39 
 
 Shall receive, hold and pay out all moneys 71 39 
 
 Shall certify to county superintendent, quarterly, amount of funds subject to ap- 
 portionment 71 39 
 
 Shall make annual report to county superintendent, showing financial transac- 
 tions of cfich district during preceding school year 71 39 
 
 Shall register all school warrants 71 40 
 
 Shall endorse warrants when not paid for want of funds 71 40 
 
 Shall advertise warrants quarterly 71 40 
 
 Shall pay warrants according to number 1 69 
 
 Shall receive all fines and place same to credit of proper district 89 43 
 
 Shall receive all moneys paid over liy school district oflieers 28 22 
 
 Shall be e.v officio treasurer of districts in cities of 10,000 or more inhabitants 15 48 
 
 Shall submit to secretary of city district cjuarterly reports, when 15 48 
 
 Shall advertise school bonds for sale 3 54 
 
 Shall register school bonds 3 55 
 
 Shall canvass bids for bonds 4 55 
 
 Shall deliver bonds to purchaser and receive proceeds 4 55 
 
 Shall levy tax to pay bonds, when 5 55 
 
 Shall pay interest on bonds when due, and report to directors 6 56 
 
 Shall notify holders of bonds of time (and place) of redemption 9 57 
 
 Shall publish notices, pay and cancel bonds 11 56 
 
 Shall deliver canceled bonds to directors 11 58 
 
 Trustees — General Board of, for Management of State Normal Schools: 
 
 General board, how constituted 8 72 
 
 General board, meetings, powers and duties of. 9-11 73 
 
 General board to provide training departments 12 74 
 
 General board, diplomas granted by 13 74 
 
 General board to report what to governor 20 77 
 
 Local, for Management of Normal Schools : 
 
 How designated and of whom to consist 1 70 
 
 Terms of ofHce — vacancies, how filled 2 70 
 
 Organization of 3 70 
 
 General powers and duties 4 71 
 
 Report of, made to general board 20 77 
 
 May establish ijoarding house 5 71 
 
 Regular and special meetings of. 6 71 
 
 Bills and accounts audited by 4 71 
 
 Tru.stees — Board of— For State Normal at Cheney: 
 
 Shall consist of five members, tenure of office of 3 61 
 
 Shall select president and secretary 3 61 
 
 Meetings of, where held 4 61 
 
 Appointment of teachers, etc 6 62
 
 168 INDEX. 
 
 Trustees — Board of— For State Normal at Cheney — Conlinutd. See. Page. 
 
 May let contracts 6 62 
 
 Shall have charge of buildings, etc 6 62 
 
 Shall make rules for the admission of students 8 62 
 
 Compensation of members, how paid 13 63 
 
 Shall control funds 14 63 
 
 Clerk of, shall report to governor 16 64 
 
 Board shall apply no religious tests for teachers or students 17 64 
 
 Tecstees — Board of — To Select Site for State Normal at Ellensburgh : 
 
 Shall consist of, whom 2 64 
 
 Shall select site, where 2 64 
 
 Shall receive and hold conveyance of land 3 65 
 
 Trustees — Board of — To Manage State Normal at Ellensburgh: 
 
 Shall consist of whom 4 65 
 
 Shall have power to expend money 5 65 
 
 Shall have power to elect a principal, etc 6 65 
 
 Shall prescribe course of study, and issue certificates and diplonias 7 65 
 
 Shall prescribe text books 8 65 
 
 Shall establish and maintain training school 9 65 
 
 Shall make rules for government of boarding-house 10 66 
 
 Shall determine number of pupils to be admitted 11 66 
 
 Shall hold board meetings, regular, special 16 67 
 
 V. 
 
 Vice President — Board of Education — City: 
 
 Shall be elected, when 7 47 
 
 Duties of 1<» 47 
 
 w. 
 
 Warrants — School District: 
 
 Must be paid according to their number 1 69
 
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