LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. OTKT OK 3 Received Accession No. . Clots No. I No. r -PRICE 25 CENTS. . VOL. i CHRONICLED OF THE Including Roster of California Volunteers 1898. ISSUED QUARTERLY A ARTHUR i; STREET. -- " : ^^ ^T : ii: } ::"-. . Sanfrancisco ! Bulletin * . Dally Jlcrag for map was .. . , Read the following report from the Secretary -of the Advertisers 7 Guarantee Company of Chicago; R, A. Crothers, Esq*, Pub, "The BuUetin/ San Francisco, CaL, June 4th, 1 898, Dear Sir: I hereby certify that I have examined the books of The Bulletin in behalf of the Adver- .-; , tisers Guarantee Company of Chicago and find the circulation for the month of May as follows: Average Daily as per press run 40,06 1 m " Paid Qrculation 35,265 ? . Paid City Circulation 20, \ 65 Truly yours, Edward P. Phelps, Sec. Advertisers^ Guarantee Co 6 CHRONICLE OF THE Including Historical Documents, Army and Navy Movements, Roster of State Troops, Etc* -BY- ARTHUR I. STREET, Author of " Chronicle of the Panic of 1893," "Hand book of the Venezuelan Question/ Etc. 3^^^2 v^; Copyrighted, 1898, BY , ARTHUR L STREET. AINSL-EE S MAGAZINE STREET & SMITH PUBLTSHKKS S -A X K 1 : A N ( .A K I It I K 1. KTHKKT. DIKKI T V^^t^J^-r^/fasti ^ /M jf JThe following compilation is designed to preserve | in convenient form a brief resume of the events lead ing up to, and including the course of, the war be tween the United States and Spain. It includes all the important dates and documents which the gen eral public are likely to desire to refer to for informa tion or curiosity. The roster of State troops is ap pended for the advantage of those who may have a personal interest in the army and may desire to follow the movements of friends and relative^ A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. THE DOCUMENTS. DE LOME S LETTER. FEBRUARYS, 1898. The (President s) message has undeceived the insur gents, who expected something else, and has paralyzed the action of Congress, but I consider it _bad. Besides the natural and inevitable coarseness with which he repeats all that the press and public opinion of Spain has said of Wey- ler, it shows once more that McKinley is weak and catering to the rabble, and, besides, a low politician who desires to leave a door open to me and to stand well with the jingoes of his party. It would be most important that you should agitate the question of commercial relations, even though it be only for effect and that you should send here a man of importance in order that I might use him to make a propaganda among the Senators and. others. in. opposition to the Junta and to win over enemies. (Extracts from letter written by Dupuy De Lome, Spanish Minister to the United States, to Senor Canalejas, editor of El Heraldo, Madrid.) THE ALLEGED WEYLER LETTER. " By the way, I have read these days that the Americans are pondering about sending one of their warships to that city. During my command in Cuba they did not even dare to dream about it. They knew the terrible punishment that awaited them. "I had Havana harbor well prepared for such an emer gency. I rapidly finished the w r ork that Martinez Campos abandoned. If the insult is made I hope there will be a Spanish hand to punish it as terribly as it deserves." (Ex tract from letter alleged to have been written by General Weyler to Santos Guzman. The letter was first given to the press by Honore Laine, a New York newspaper cor respondent.) A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. i THE BLOWING UP OF THE MAINE. FEBRUARY 15, 1898. WASHINGTON, February 15. The Secretary of the Navy received the following telegram from Captain Sigsbee: "Maine blown up in Havana harbor at 9:40 and de stroyed. Many wounded -and doubtless many killed and drowned. The wounded and others are on board a Spanish man-of-war and the Ward line steamer. "Send lighthouse tender from Key West for crew and the few pieces of equipment still above water. No one saved other clothes than those upon him. "Public opinion should be suspended until a further re port. All officers believed to be saved. Jenkins and Mer- ritt not yet accounted for. "Many Spanish officers, including representative of Gen eral Blanco, now with me, express sympathy. "SIGSBEE." COUSIN S TRIBUTE. MARCH 21, 1898. "The measure now proposed (for the relief of the vic tims of the Maine disaster) is most appropriate and just, but hardly is mentionable in contemplation of the great calamity to which it appertains. It will be merely an inci dental legislative footnote to a page of history that will be open to the eyes of the Republic and of the world for all time to come. No human speech can add anything to the gratitude, the speechless reverence already given by a great nation to its dead defenders and their living kin. No act of Congress providing for their needs can make a restitu tion for their services. Human nature does in human way? its best, and still is deep in debt. Expressions of condo lence have come from every country and from every clime, and every nerve of steel and ocean cable has carried on electric breath the sweetest, tenderest words of sympathy for that gallant crew who manned the Maine." (Extract frem speech in the House of Representatives by Cousins of Iowa, March 21, 1898.) f A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. NOT PREPARING FOR WAR. FEBRUARY 19, 1898. WASHINGTON, February 19. The officials of the War Department are annoyed at the circulation of rumors that seem to connect an activity now observable at the sea- coast defenses with the Maine incident. Assistant Secre tary of War Meiklejohn declares that the movement has no connection with the Maine affair. There have been in creases in the garrisons of the posts, but this has been go ing on for six months and has only marked a step in the development of the scheme of coast defenses planned by the fortification board some time ago. Said Mr. Meiklejohn: "It is following out the policy of the department, which has been pursued ever since the ordnance department turned over to the engineers the modern guns which they had manufactured. When these are placed in the coast fortifications it becomes necessary to have them carefully protected, and this work has been going on for six months. Guns have been sent to the Delaware fortifications, Finney Point, Fort Moultrie and other defenses on the Atlantic Coast." SPANISH REQUESTS REFUSED MARCH 6, 1898. WASHINGTON, March 6. As to the Madrid dispatch regarding the requests of the Spanish Government, the fol lowing authorized statement was given out by the State Department. The President will not consider the recall of General Lee. He has borne himself throughout this crisis with judgment, fidelity and courage, to the President s entire satisfaction. As to the supplies for the relief of the Cuban people, all arrangements have been made to carry a consignment from Key West by one of the naval vessels, whichever may be irol adopted for the purpose, to Matanzas and Sagua Grande. ^ A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. r AN EMERGENCY APPROPRIATION. MARCH 7, 1898. WASHINGTON, March 7. Chairman Cannon of the [Appropriations Committee of the House to-clay introduced a bill entitled "Making Appropriations for the National Defense." That there is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the national defense and for each and every purpose connected there with, to be expended at the discretion of the President and to remain available until June 30, 1899, fifty million dol lars. "TOGETHER WITH AMERICA." MARCH 12, 1898. It has hitherto been the ruling principle in American politics to abstain from alliances with European powers, but the time for alliances has come for the United States. They can no longer afford to view the conflicts of the Eu ropean powers as something remote and no concern of theirs. It may be a fortunate thing for both that this should be the case, just when it is so very possible for Eng land and the United States to act together. On our side there is every disposition, and we can claim to have shown it in our acts. It is for them to take the next step. They can now, by speaking a word in regard to China, make clear to the world that the two Anglo-Saxon communities are prepared to act together. St. James Gazette, London, March 12, 1898. A FINANCIAL VIEW. MARCH 12, 1898. LONDON, March 12. The Statist discusses the finan cial side of a possible Spanish-American war. After point ing out the expense of hurriedly creating an American army and strengthening the navy, it agrees that the United States would eventually obtain command of the sea, add ing: "Then, if Spain submitted, the expenditure would rapidly end and the war might not cost very much. But if S A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, Spain prolonged the contest, the United States would find itself in an embarrassing position. The creation of a large army to drive Spain out of Cuba would mean a very con siderable expense, and, when accomplished, what would the United States do with Cuba? Lastly, if Spain then re fused to submit, would America, after capturing the Span ish West Indies, extend the war to Europe? The collapse of Spanish credit might force her to peace; but if Spain, simply defaulting her debt devoted the money she could raise in any way to protection in the struggle, the cost to the United States would certainly be very great." *++-- THURSTON S CUBAN X SPEECR MARCH 24, 1898. "I shall refer to these horrible things no further( the Starvation and desolation in Cuba.) They are there. God pity me; I have seen them. They will remain in my mind forever. And this is almost the twentieth century! Christ died 1900 years ago, and Spain is a Christian nation. She has set up more crosses in more lands, beneath more skies, and under them has butchered more people than all the other nations of the earth combined. Europe may tolerate her existence as long as the people of the Old World wish. God grant that before another Christmas morning the last vestige of Spanish tyranny and oppression will have van ished from the Western Hemisphere. I counseled silence and moderation from this floor when the passion of the nation seemed at white" heat over the destruction of the Maine, but it seems to me the time for action has now come. Not action in the Maine case. I hope and trust that this Government will take action on the Cuban situation en tirely outside of the Maine case. When the Maine s report is received, it if it be found that our ship and sailors were blown up by some outside explosive, we will have ample reparation without quibble or delay; and if the explosion can be traced to Spanish official sources there will be such swift and terrible punishment adjudged as will remain a warning to the world forever. The time for action has then come. No greater reason for it can exist to-morrow than A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. t exists to-day. Every hour s delay only adds another chap ter to the awful story of misery and death. Only one power can intervene the United States of America." (Extract from speech of John A. Thurston in the Senate, March 24, 1898.) . .^ . THE PRESIDENT S MESSAGE. MARCH 28, 1898. To the Congress of the United States: "For some time prior to the visit of the Maine to Havana harbor our Con sular representative pointed out the advantages to follow a visit of national ships to the Cuban waters, in accustom ing the residents to the presence of our flag as the symbol of good will and of our ships in the fulfillment of the mis sion of protection to American interests, even though no immediate need therefore might exist. Accordingly, on the 25th of January last, after a conference with the Span ish Minister in which the renewal of visits of our war ves sels to Spanish waters was discussed and accepted, the peninsular authorities at Havana were advised of the pur pose of this Government to resume friendly visits at Cuban ports and that with that view the Maine would forthwith call at the port of Havana. This announcement was re ceived by the Spanish Government with appreciation of the friendly character of the visit of the Maine and with the notification of the intention to return the courtesy by sending Spanish ships to the principal ports of the United States. "Meanwhile the Maine entered the harbor, etc., etc. (The message here reviews the events immediately prior to and including the explosion.) "The appalling calamity fell upon the people of our country with crushing force and for a brief time an intense excitement prevailed, which in a community less just and self-controlled than ours must have led to hasty acts of blind resentment. This spirit, however, soon gave way tc the calmer processes of reason and to the resolve to inves tigate the facts and await the material proof before forming a judgment as to the cause, the responsibility, and, if the 10 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. facts warranted, the remedy due. This course necessarily recommended itself from the outset to the Executive, for only in the light of a dispassionately ascertained certainty could it determine the nature and measure of its full duty in the matter. (The message here reviews the formation of the naval court of inquiry and its findings.) "I have directed that the findings of the Court of Inquiry and the views of this Government thereon be communi cated to the Government of her Majesty, the Queen Re gent, and I do not permit myself to doubt that the sense of justice of the Spanish nation will dictate a course of ac tion suggested by honor and the friendly relations of the two governments. It is the duty of the Executive to ad vise Congress of the result and in the meantime deliberate consideration is invoked. WILLIAM M KINLEY. Executive Mansion, March 28, 1808." NAVAL COURT OF INQUIRY. Captain W. T. Sampson, president of the court; Captain F. P. Chadwick, Lieutenant-Commander Schroeder, Lieu tenant-Commander A. A. Marix; Lieutenant-Commander Marix, Judge Advocate. MAINE INQUIRY REPORT. KEY WEST, Fla., Monday,. March 21, 1898. After a full and mature consideration of all the testimony before it, the court finds as follows: First That the United States battle-ship Maine arrived in the harbor of Havana, Cuba, on the 2ist day of January, 1898,. and was taken to buoy No. 4, in from five and a half to six fathoms of water, by the regular Government pilot. /The United States Consul-General had notified the authori ties at that place the previous evening of the intended ar rival of the Maine. Second The state of discipline on board the Maine was excellent and all orders and regulations in regard to the care and safety of the ship were strictly carried out. All ammunition was stowed away in accordance with instruc- A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. U tions, and proper care was taken wherever ammunition was handled. Nothing was stored in any one of the magazines or shell rooms which was not permitted to be stowed there. The magazines and shellrooms were always locked after having been opened; and, after the destruction ol the Maine, the keys were found in their proper place in the captain s cabin, everything having been reported secure that evening at 8 P. M. The temperature of the magazines and shellrooms were taken daily and re ported. The only magazine which had an undue amount of heat was the after ten-inch magazine, and that did not explode at the time the Maine was destroyed. The torpedo warheads were all stowed in the after part of the ship under the ward room, and neither caused nor participated in the destruction of the Maine. The dry gun-cotton primers and detonators were stowed in the cabin aft and remote from the scene of the explosion. The waste was carefully looked after on board the Maine to obviate danger. Spe cial orders in regard to this had been given by the com manding officer. Varnishes, dryers, alcohol and other combustibles of this nature were stowed on or above the main deck and could not have had anything to do with the destruction of the Maine. The medical stores were stowed after under the ward room and remote from the scene of the explosion. No dangerous stores of any kind were stowed below in any of the other storerooms. The coal bunkers were inspected. Of those bunkers adjoining the forward magazines and shell rooms, four were empty, namely, 63, 64, 65, B6. Ai5 had been used that date and A 1 6 was full of new river coal. This coal had been care fully inspected before receiving it on board. The bunker in which it was stored was accessible on three sides at all times, and the fourth side at this time, on account of bunk ers 64 and B6 being empty. This bunker Ai6 had been inspected that day by the engineering officer on duty. The fire alarms in the bunkers were in working order and there had never been a case of spontaneous combustion of coal on board the Maine. The two after boilers of the ship were in use at the time of the disaster, but for auxiliary pur- 12 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. poses only, with a comparatively low pressure of steam, and being tended by a reliable watch. These boilers could not have caused the explosion of the ship. The forward boilers of the ship have since been found by the divers and are in a fair condition. On the night of the destruction *of the Maine everything had been reported secure for the night at 8 P. M. by reliable persons, through proper authorities, to the commanding officer. At the time the Maine was destroyed, the ship was quiet, and, therefore, the least liable to accident caused by movements from those on board. Third The destruction of the Maine occurred at 9:40 P. M. on the I5th of February, 1898, in the harbor of Ha vana, Cuba, being at the same time moored to the very same buoy to which she had been taken upon her arrival. There were two explosions of a distinctly different char acter, a very short but distinct interval between them, and the forward part of the ship was lifted to a marked degree at the time of the first explosion. The first explosion was more in the nature of a report, like that of a gun, while the second explosion was more open, prolonged, and of a greater volume. This second explosion was, in the opinion of the court, caused by the partial explosion of two or more of the forward magazines of the Maine. Fourth The evidence bearing on this, being principally obtained from the divers, did not enable the court to form a definite conclusion as to the condition of the wreck, al though it was established that the after part of the ship was practically intact, and sank in that condition a very few minutes after the destruction of the forward part. The fol lowing facts in regard to the forward part of the ship are, however, established by the testimony: That portion of the protective deck, which extends from about frame 30 to about frame 41. was blown up aft and over to port. The main deck, from about frame 30 to about frame 41, was blown up aft and slightly over to starboard, folding the for ward part of the middle superstructure over and on top of the floor part. This was, in the opinion of the court, caused by the partial explosion of two or more of the forward magazines of the Maine. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. M Fifth At frame 15 the outer shell of the ship, from a point eleven and one-half feet from the middle line of the ship and six feet above the keel, has been forced up so as to be about four feet above the surface of the water, therefore about thirty-four feet above where it would be had the ship sunk uninjured. The outside bottom plating is bent into a reversed V shape, the after wing of which, about fifteen feet broad and thirty-two feet in length (from frame 17 to frame 25), is doubled back upon itself against the continu ation of the same plating extending forward. From 80 the vertical keel is broken in two, and the flat keel bent into an angle similar to the angle formed by the bottom plating. iThis break is now about six feet below the surface of the water and about thirty feet above its normal position. In the opinion of the court this effect could have been pro- duced only by the explosion of a mine situated under the bottom of the ship at about frame 18, and somewhat on the port side of the ship. Sixth The court finds that the loss of the Maine on the occasion named was not in any respect due to the fault or negligence on the part of any of the officers or members of the crew of said vessel. Seventh In the opinion of the court the Maine was de stroyed by the explosion of a submarine mine, which caused the partial explosion of two or more of her forward maga zines. Eighth The court has been unable to obtain evidence fixing the responsibility of the destruction of the Maine upon any person or persons. W. T. SAMPSON, Captain, U. S. N., President. A. A. MARIX, Lieut-Commander, Judge Advocate. United States Flagship New York, March 22, 1898. The proceedings and findings of the Court of Inquiry in the above case are approved. M. SICARD, Rear-Admiral, U. S. N., Comrnander-in- L .Chief U. S. naval force of the North Atlantic. 14 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. SPAIN S INQUIRY REPORT. * MARCH 25, 1898. From declarations made by ocular witnesses and experts the report deduces and proves the absence of all those at- tendent circumstances which are invariably present on the occasion of the explosion of a torpedo. The evidence of witnesses comparatively close to the Maine at the moment is to the effect that only one explo sion occurred; that no column of water was thrown into the air; that no shock to the side of the nearest vessel was felt, nor on land was any vibration noticed, and that no dead fish were found. The evidence of the senior pilot of the harbor states that there is abundance of fish in the harbor, and this is corrobo rated by other witnesses. The assistant engineer of works states that after explosions made during the execution of works in the harbor he has always found dead fish. The divers were unable to examine the bottom of the Maine, which was buried in the mud, but a careful examina tion of the sides of the vessel, the rents and breaks of which all point outward, shows without a doubt that the explo sion was from the inside. A minute examination of the bottom of the harbor around the vessel shows absolutely no sign of the action of a torpedo and the fiscal (Judge-Advocate) of the com mission can find no precedent for the explosion of the stor age magazine of the vessel by a torpedo. The report makes clear that owing to the special nature of the proceedings and the absolute respect shown for the extraterritoriality of the Maine, the commission has been prevented from making such an examination of the inside of the vessel as would determine even the hypothesis of the internal origin of the accident. This is to be attributed to the regrettable refusal to permit the necessary co-operation of the Spanish commission both with the commander and the crew of the Maine and of the different American offi cials commissioned to investigate the cause of the accident and, later on, with those employed on salvage work. The report finishes by stating that, an examination of the 11 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. -rr IS inside and outside of the Maine,*as soon as such examina tion may be possible, as also of the bottom where the ves sel rests will prove that, supposing the remains of the wreck be not totally or partially altered in the process of extrica tion, the explosion was undoubtedly due to some interior cause, ** MASON FOR WAR. MARCH 29, 1898. Mr. President, I speak only for myself, and I am for war. But gentlemen may say, Don t say you are for war say that you are for armed intervention, which means war/ I believe in calling things by their right names. If we be lieve that murdering our men, sinking our ships, and low ering our flag is not cause for war, say so, and refer it, as they did the Virginius affair, and allow our brothers to be sold like stock for gold. If it is a cause for war let us as sume the responsibility put upon us by the constitution and say so, not only to Spain, but to the whole world. We were in Spanish waters, and over Spanish soil. The harbor is owned and controlled by Spain. The explosives in that harbor were owned and controlled by Spain. If it was a torpedo, it was a Spanish torpedo; if it was a mine, it was a Spanish mine; if it was gun-cotton, it was Spanish gun- cotton, and if it was dynamite, it was Spanish dynamite, ffhe power to explode it was controlled by Spain. A gov ernment acts only through its agents. It was owned, lo cated and exploded by Spain, and Spain must answer. Let us awake. Shake off the Chinese narcotic that locks in drowsy indolence murmuring, Peace at any price/ Awake as our forefathers did at Concord and Bunker Hill; awake to a glorious war against a nation that burns homes and murders women and children: awake to glorious war that seeks no gain for us in treasure or territory, but a war to drive the oppressor from the continent, to set the Cuban flag in the sky forever, and a war that will -help us for gen erations to come, by giving notice that the honor of our flag and the lives of our citizens must be respected among the nations of the world." (Extract from a speech by Sena tor Mason in the Senate, March 29, 1898.) 1 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. JOINT EUROPEAN NOTE. APRIL 7, 1898. The undersigned, representatives of Germany, Austria- Hungary, France, Great Britain. Italy and Russia, duly au thorized in that behalf, address in the name of their re spective governments a pressing appeal to the feelings of humanity and moderation of the President and of the American people in their existing differences with Spain. They earnestly hope that further negotiations will lead to an agreement which, while securing the maintenance of peace, will afford all necessary guarantees for the re-estab lishment of order in. Cuba. The powers do not doubt that the humanitarian and purely disinterested character of this representation will be fully recognized and appreciated by the American nation. >^ THE PRESIDENT S REPLY. APRIL 7, 1898. The Government of the United States recognizes the good will which has prompted the friendly communication of the representatives of Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Great Britain, Italy and Russia, as set forth in the address of your excellencies, and shares the hope therein expressed that the outcome of the situation in Cuba may be maintenance of peace between the United States and Spain, affording the necessary guarantees for the re-estab lishment of order in the island, so terminating the chronic condition of disturbance there which so deeply injures the interests and menaces the tranquility of the American na tion by the character and consequence of the struggle thus kept at our doors, besides shocking its sentiments of Itn- manity. The Government of the United States appreciates the humanitarian and disinterested character of the communi cation now made on behalf of the powers named, and for its part is confident that equal appreciation will be shown for its own earnest and unselfish endeavors to fulfill a duty to humanity by ending a situation the indefinite prolongation of which has become insufferable. A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. ! < PRESIDENT S RECOMMENDATIONS. APRIL 11, 1898. . The grounds for the forcible intervention of the United States as a neutral to stop the war in Cuba may be briefly summarized as follows: Fi rs t In the cause of humanity and to put an end to the barbarities, bloodshed, starvation and horrible miseries now existing there, and which the parties to the conflict are either unable or unwilling to stop or mitigate. It is no answer to say this is all in another country, belonging to another nation, and is, therefore, none of our business. It is expressly our duty, for it is right at our door. Second We owe it to our citizens in Cuba to afford them that protection and indemnity for life and property which no government there can or will afford, and to that end terminate the conditions that deprive them of legal protection. Third The right to intervene may be justified by the very serious injury to our commerce, trade and business of our people, and by the wanton destruction of property and devastation of the island. Fourth And, which is of most importance, the pres ent condition of affairs in Cuba is a constant menace to our peace, and entails upon this Government an enormous ex pense. With such a conflict waged for years in an island so near us and with which our people have such trade and busi ness relations; when the lives and liberties of our citizens are in constant danger, and their property destroyed and them selves ruined; where our trading vessels are liable to seizure and are seized at our very door by warships of a foreign na tion, the expeditions of filibustering that we are powerless to prevent altogether, and the irritating questions and en tanglements thus arising all these, and others that I need not mention, with the resulting strained relations, are a constant menace to our peace and compel us to keep on a semi-war footing with that nation with which we are at peace. (Extract of special message to Congress from President McKinley, April n, 1898.) In view of these facts and these considerations, I ask IS A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. Congress to authorize and empower the President to take measures to secure a full termination of hostilities between the Government of Spain and the people of Cuba, and to secure in the island the establishment of a stable govern-* ment capable of maintaining order and observing its inter* national obligations, insuring peace and tranquility and the security of its citizens as well as our own, and to use the military and naval forces of the United States as may be necessary for these purposes, and in the interest of human ity and to aid in preserving the lives of the starving people of the island, I recommend that the distribution of food and supplies be continued, and that an appropriation be made out of the public Treasury to supplement the charity of our citizens. The issue is now with Congress. It is a solemn responsi bility. I have exhausted every effort to relieve the intoler able condition of affairs which is at our doors. Prepared to execute every obligation imposed upon me by the Con stitution and the law, I await your action. (Concluding passage of the President s special message to CongresS| April ii, 1898.) TWO PULPIT UTTERANCES. , (By Cardinal Gibbons.) This nation is too brave, too strong, too powerful and too just to engage in an unrighteous or precipitate war. Let us remember that the eyes of the world are upon us, whose judgment we cannot despise, and that we will gain more applause and credit for ourselves by calm delibera* tion and masterly inactivity than by recourse to arms. (By Rev. Charles H. Parkhurst.) If the situation is such between Spain and Cuba that we ought as Christians to go to the relief of the Cubans, why, then, let us go. If the words of the Hebrew epistle, " Re member them that are in bonds as bound with them/ mean that American Christians, ought to fight for op pressed Cubans and murdered Armenians, then let us send an equipped fleet to Havana and dispatch another fleet of the same kind to the Bosporus, A CHRQN1CLB OF TUB WAB. CONGRESSIONAL RESOLUTIONS. APRIL 18, 1898. First That the people of the Island of Cuba are and of right ought to be free and independent. Second That it is the duty of the United States to de mand that the Government of Spain at once relinquish its authoritv and government in the Island of Cuba and with draw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. Third That the President of the United States be and he hereby is directed and empowered to use the entire land naval forces of the United States and to call into actual service of the United States the militia of the several States to the extent as may be necessary to. carry these resolutions into effect. Fourth That the United States hereby disclaims any disposition or intention to exercise sovereignty, jurisdiction or control over said island except for the pacification there of and asserts its determination when that is accomplished to leave the Government and control of the island to its people. +++ , THE ULTIMATUM. APRIL 20, 1898. April 20, 1898. Woodford, Minister, Madrid: You have been furnished with the text of a joint resolution voted by the Congress of the United States on the igth inst. ap proved to-day in relation to the pacification of the island of Cuba. In obedience to that act the President directs you to immediately communicate to the Government of Spain said resolution, with the formal demand upon the Government of Spain to at once relinquish its authority in the island of Cuba and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters. In taking this step the United States hereby disclaims any disposition or intention to exercise sovereignty, juris diction or control over the island except for the pacifica tion thereof, and asserts its determination, when that is ac complished, to leave the government and control of the 20 . CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. island to its people under such free and independent gov ernment as they may establish. If by the hour of noon on Saturday next, the 23d day of April, there be not communicated to this Government by the Government of Spain a full and satisfactory response to this demand and resolution, whereby the ends of peace in Cuba shall be assured, the President will proceed, without further notice, to use the power and authority en joined upon him by the said joint resolution to such extent as may be necessary to carry the same into effect. SHERMAN* . + . ^ r : WOODFORD DISMISSED. APRIL 21, 1898. * In compliance with a painful duty, I have the honor to inform you that there has been sanctioned by the President of the Republic a resolution of both chambers of the United States Congress which denies the legitimate sovereignty of Spain and threatens armed intervention in Cuba, which is equivalent to a declaration of war. The Government of Her Majesty has ordered her Minister to return without loss of time from North American territory, together with all the personnel of the legation. "By this act the diplomatic relations heretofore existing between the two countries and all of the negotiations be tween their respective representatives cease. "I am obliged thus to inform you, so that you may make such arrangements as you think fit. I beg your Excellency, to acknowledge receipt of this note at such time as you deem proper. Taking this opportunity to reiterate to you the assurances of my distinguished consideration. * : "P. GULLON." (Note of Spanish foreign Minister to United JStetes Min- ister Woodford, April 21, 1898.) - . ^ BLOCKADE OF CUBA; APRIL 22, 1898. Whereas, By a joint resolution passed by trie Congress and approved April 20, 1898, and communicated to the Government of Spain, it was demanded that said Govern* A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, 21 ment at once relinquish its authority and government in the island of Cuba and withdraw its land and naval forces from Cuba and Cuban waters, and the President of the United States was directed and empowered to use the entire land and naval forces of the United States and to call into actual service of the United States the militia of the several States to such an extent as might be necessary to carry said reso lution into effect; and whereas, in carrying into effect sucH resolution the President of the United States deems it nec essary to set on foot and maintain a blockade of the north coast of Cuba, including all ports of said coast between Cardenas and Bahia Honda, and the port of Cienfuegos on the south coast of Cuba; now therefore I, William McKinley, President of the United States, in order to enforce the said resolution, do hereby declare and proclaim that the United States of America has instituted and will maintain a blockade of the north coast of Cuba, in cluding the ports on the said coast between Cardenas and Bahia Honda, and the Port of Cienfuegos on the south coast of Cuba aforesaid, in pursuance of the laws of the United States and the laws of nations applicable to such cases. An efficient force will be posted so as to prevent the entrance and exits of vessels from the ports aforesaid. Any neutral vessel approaching said ports and attempting to leave the same without notice or knowledge of the estab lishment of such blockade will be duly warned by the com mander of the blockading forces, who will indorse on her register the fact and the date of such warning and where such warning was made, and if the same vessel shall again attempt to enter any blockaded port she will be captured and sent to the nearest convenient port for such proceed ings against her and her cargo as prize as may be deemed advisable. Neutral vessels lying in any of the said ports at the time of the establishment of such blockade will be allowed thirty days to issue therefrom. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. .; Done at the city of Washington this 22d day of April, 23 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. A. D. 1898, and of the independence of the United States the one hundred and twenty-second. WILLIAM M KINLEY. By the President, JOHN SHERMAN, Secretary of State. DECLARATION OF WAR. APRIL 25, 1898. Be it enacted: First That war be and the same is here by declared to exist, and that war has existed since the 2ist day of April, A. D. 1898, including said day, between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain. Second That the President of the United States be and he hereby is directed and empowered to use the entire land and naval forces of the United States and to call into the actual service of the United States the militia of the several States to such extent as may be necessary to carry this act into effect. CALL FOR VOLUNTEERS. APRIL 23, 1898. Whereas, By an Act of Congress, entitled, "An Act to provide for the increasing of the military establishment of the L T nited States in time of war, and for other purposes/ approved April 22, 1898, the President was authorized, in order to raise a volunteer army, to issue his proclamation calling for volunteers to serve in the army of the United States; now, therefore, I, William McKinley, President of the United States, by virtue of power vested in me by the Constitution and by the laws, and deeming sufficient occasion to exist, have thought it fit to call for and hereby do call for, volunteers to the aggregate number of 125,000, in order to carry into effect the purpose of said resolution, the same to be ap portioned as far as practicable among the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia according to population, and to serve for two years unless sooner dis charged. The details for this object will be immediately A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. communicated to the proper authorities through the War Department. In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at Washington this 23d day of April, 1898, and of the independence of the United States the one hundred and twenty-second. WILLLIAM M KINLEY, By the President, JOHN SHERMAN, Secretary of State. TO THE NAVAL MILITIA. APRIL i, 1898. The department requests that you will immediately pro ceed to put the naval militia of your State in thorough con dition to meet any sudden call for their services by the President of the United States. The divisions should be recruited to their full strength and thoroughly drilled. A careful inspection should be made of all vessels in the ports of your State that can be utilized for a mosquito fleet in ac cordance with the instructions and blanks sent to the Ad jutant-General. (Letter from the Navy Department to the Governors of all States containing organizations of naval militia, April i, 1898.) *- T A CRITIC S FORECAST. APRIL 29, 1898. Spain s most noteworthy point of superiority lies in her torpedo flotilla, but the Spanish boats are nearly all old and, it is feared, in rather bad order. Battleships cannot be im provised or quickly built, while torpedo boats can be adapted or constructed in a short time. Therefore it is worth bearing in mind that in those material elements which it is least easy to create the United States has superi ority from the first. There is more difference in the personnel of the two navies. I do not hesitate to say that the neutral as well as the acquired qualifications of the American naval officers are miles ahead of those of the Spanish. Indeed there is no room for comparison. Moreover, the American naval offi- 24 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. cers have carefully faced and carefully studied the prob lems which they are now grappling with, while the Span iards have shirked the disagreeable subject. Concerning the men, a casual observer is likely to be woefully mis taken. When hard work is to be done the Americans do it with an intelligence and go to which the Spaniards are absolutely strangers. Spain cannot afford to essay an or ganized or formal attack upon the United States coast. The Almirante Oquendo might shell Savannah or Wil mington, but it would be foolish to try experiment, which could have no possible influence upon the course of the war. A regular naval bombardment of New York, Boston or Philadelphia is out of the question, because Spain cannot af ford to risk her ships against the guns, behind the earth works or in the water where they could not fail to be tor pedoed. The disablement of a Spanish ship off Boston or New York would mean her total loss. Further, Spain can not permit her fleet to engage in any kind of general action at a point far removed from a coaling station. (Extract from an article by W. Laird Clowes, the British naval critic, on "Some of the Problems of the War." The ex tract was published April 29, 1898.) SPAIN S CONDUCT OF THE WAR APRIL 23, 1898. The Spanish Government considers it indispensable to make absolute reserve on the point of privateering in order to maintain liberty of action and uncontested right to have recourse to privateering when it is considered expedient. The state of war existing between Spain and the United States annuls the treaty of peace and amity of October 27, 1795, and the protocol of January 12, 1877, and all other agreements, treaties or conventions in force between the two countries. From the publication of these presents thirty days are granted to all ships of the United States anchored in our harbors to take their departure free of hindrance. Notwithstanding that Spain has not adhered to the Dec laration of Paris the Government, respecting the principles A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. * 5 of the laws of nations, proposes to observe and hereby or ders to be observed the following regulations of maritime law: pi rs t_Neutral flags cover the enemy s merchandise, ex cept contraband of war. Second Neutral merchandise, except contraband of war, is not seizable under the enemy s flag. Third A blockade to be obligatory must be effective, viz.: It must be maintained with sufficient force to prevent access to the enemy s littoral. Fourth The Spanish Government, upholding its right to grant letters of marque, will at present confine itself to organizing, with the vessels of the mercantile marine, a force of auxiliary cruisers, which will co-operate with the navy according to the needs of the campaign and will be under naval control. Fifth In order to capture the enemy s ships and con fiscate the enemy s merchandise and contraband of war, under whatever form, the auxiliary cruisers will exercise the right of search on the high seas and in the waters under the enemy s jurisdiction in accordance with international law and the regulations which w r ill be published. vSixth Here is explained what is included in contraband of war, naming weapons, ammunition, equipments, engines, and in general all the appliances used in war. Seventh To be regarded and adjudged as pirates, with all the rigor of the law, are captains, masters, officers and tw r o-thirds of the crew of vessels which, not being Ameri can, shall commit acts of war against Spain, even if pro vided with letters of marque issued by the United States. *+.. UNITED STATES CONDUCT OF THE WAR. APRIL 26, 1898. This Government will not resort to privateering, but will adhere to the rules of the Declaration of Paris. First The neutral flag covers enemy s goods with the exception of contraband of war. Second Neutral goods not contraband of war are not liable to confiscation under the enemy s flags. 2C A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. Third Blockades in order to be binding must be ef fective. Fourth Spanish vessels in any ports or places within the United States shall be allowed until May 21, 1898, in clusive, for loading their cargoes and departing from such ports or places; and such Spanish merchant vessels, if met at sea by any United States ship, shall be permitted to con tinue their voyage if on examination of their cargoes it shall be shown that their cargoes were taken on board be fore the expiration of the above time, provided that nothing herein contained shall apply to Spanish vessels having on board any officers in the military or naval service of the enemy or any coal (except such as may be necessary for their voyage) or any other article prohibited or contraband of war, or any dispatch of or to the Spanish Government. Fifth Any Spanish vessel which prior to April 21, 1898, shall have sailed from any foreign port bound for any port or place in the United States shall be permitted to enter such port or place and to discharge her cargo and after ward, forthwith, to depart wkhout molestation, and if met at sea by a United States ship shall be permitted to con tinue her voyage to any port not blockaded. Sixth The right of search is to be exercised with strict regard for the right of neutrals and the voyages of all mail steamers are not to be interfered with except on the clear est grounds of suspicion of a violation of law in respect of contraband or blockade. THE SHIPS AT MANILA . MAY i, 1898. UNITED STATES FLEET Olympia First class protected cruiser, 5800 tons; speed, 21.69 knots; four 8-inch, ten 5-inch rapid-fire, fourteen 6- pounders, seven i -pounders, and four machine guns. Baltimore Second rate cruiser, 4600 tons; 20.6 knots; four 8-inch, six 6-inch rifles, four 6-pounder rapid-fire, two 3-pounders, two i -pounders, two 1. 8-inch, two i. 4-inch and two machine guns. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, Raleigh Second rate cruiser, 3183 tons; 19 knots; one 6-inch and ten 5-inch rapid-fire rifles, eight 6-pounders, four i -pounders and two machine guns. Concord Third rate cruiser, 1700 tons; 17 knots; six 6- inch, two 6-pounder rapid-fire, two 3-pounders, one I- pounder and four machine guns. Petral Fourth rate, 890 tons; 13 knots; four 6-inch, two 3-ponnder rapid-fire, one i -pounder and four machine guns. McCulloch Revenue cutter; four 6-pounders. Nanchan Collier. Zafiro Supply vessel SPANISH FLEET- Reina Christina Second rate, 3500 tons; 17 knots; six 6.2-inch Hontoria, two 2. 7-inch and three 2.2-inch rapid- fire rifles, six i. 4-inch and two machine guns. Castilla Second rate, 3342 tons; 14 knots; four 5.9-incti Krupps, two 47-inch, two 3.3-inch, four 2.9-inch, eight rapid-fire and two machine guns. Velasco Third rate, 1152 tons; three 5.9-inch Arm strong, two 2. /-inch Hontorias and two machine guns. Don Antonio de Ulloa and Don Juan de Austria Third rate, 1130 tons: 14 knots; four 4.7-inch Hontoria, three 2.2- inch rapid-fire, two i. 5-inch and two machine guns. General Lezo and El Cano Gun vessels, 524 tons; 11.5 knots; General Lezo two 4.7-inch Hontorias, one 3.5- inch, two small rapid-fire and one machine gun. El Cano has three 4.7-inch, two small rapid-fire and one machine gun. Marques del Duoro Dispatch boat, 500 tons; one smooth bore 6.2-inch, two 4.7-inch smooth bores and one machine gun. Isle de Cuba and Isla de Luzon Gunboats, 1030 tons; four 4.7-inch Hontorias, four 6-pounders, two 3-pounders and two machine guns. Isle de Mindonao Steamer armed as cruiser, 4195 tons; 13.5 knots. IS A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. BATTLE OF MANILA. .< _ MAY i, 1898. 1 The American fleet, under Commodore Dewey, en tered the bay of Manila at 5 o clock Sunday morning, May I, 1898, and anchored at a distance from the Cavite forts. The latter, notwithstanding the long range, opened fire on the Americans and were supported by the Spanish war ships which were anchored under the forts. Commodore Dewey then ordered his squadron to close in and delivered an awful cannonade, using his guns of all calibers for thirty minutes. He then withdrew his vessels beyond the range of the smaller guns and poured shells from his big guns upon tfce Spaniards, inflicting hideous damage. The fire lasted for little more than a quarter of an hour. iThe Spaniards, though greatly weakened, continued to reply. Commodore Dewey, therefore, closed in again and renewed the ceaseless cannonade. After the fight had continued for an hour the Spanish squadron was practically annihilated and all the forts were silenced. Three of the Spanish ships were on fire, one had sunk and the. others were riddled and helpless. The re sistance of the Spaniards was admirably stubborn, but they were outmatched. Nevertheless, they did not yield nor "did they strike a single flag. After a lapse of a few hours Commodore Dewey, who had withdrawn to the west side of the bay when the Span ish ceased to fire, returned to Cavite. He was received with some shots from the land forts, whereupon he again opened upon them with a furious torrent of projectiles. In a short time he had silenced them, apparently rendering them totally useless. The scene during the cannonading was terribly magnifi cent. The incessant roar of the heavy guns, with the sharper report of quick-firing weapons, combined to make an overpowering, hellish din that was re-echoed from all sides of 4he land-locked bay. The maneuvering of the American vessels was constant A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. and sometimes elaborate. (Extract from a report of thg battle printed in the New York Sun May 3, 1898.) DEWEY S ORDERS. APRIL 24, 1898. WASHINGTpN, April 24. Dewey, Hongkong, China: War has commenced between Spain and the United States . Proceed at once to the Philippine Islands, Commence operations at once, particularly against the Spanish fleet. You must capture vessels or destroy therru Use utmost endeavors. LONG* , DEWEY S REPORTS. MAY i, 1898. MANILA, May i. The squadron arrived at Manila at daybreak this morning. Immediately we engaged the enemy and destroyed the following vessels: Reina Chris tina, Castilla, Ulloa, Isla de Cuba, General Lezo, Duero, Correo, Velasco, Mindanao, one transport and every bat* tery at Cavite. The squadron is uninjured, and only a few men were slightly wounded. The only means of telegraphing is to the American Consul at Hongkong. I shall communicate with him. DEWEY. MAY 4, 1898. CAVITE, May 4. Have taken possession of naval sta tion at Cavite, Philippine Islands, and destroyed its fortifi cations. Have destroyed fortifications at the bay entrance, paroling the garrison. I control the bay completely, and can take the city at any time. The squadron is in excellent health and spirits. The Spanish loss is not fully known, but is very heavy. One hundred and fifty were killed, including the captain of the Reina Christina. I am assisting the Spanish sick and wounded. Two hundred and fifty sick and wounded are in the hospitals within our lines. There is much excitement at Manila. I will protect foreign residents. DEWEY. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. MAY 12, i J HONGKONG, May 12. There is little change in the situation since my last telegram. I am transferring to transports steel breech-loading rifles from sunken Spanish men-of-war. Also stores from arsenal in my possession. I am maintaining strict blockade. Add Argos to list of destroyed vessels. El Correo probably El Cano. DEWEY, MAY 13, 1898. CAVITE, May 13. Maintaining strict blockade. Rea son to believe that the rebels are hemming in the city by: land, but have made no demonstration. Scarcity of pro visions in Manila. Probable that the Spanish Governor will be obliged to surrender soon. Can take Manila at any moment. Climate hot and moist On May I2th captured gunboat Callao attempting to run blockade. Have plenty of coal. One British, one French, two German and one Japanese vessel here observing. DEWEY. MAY 20, 1898. MANILA, May 20. Situation unchanged. Strict blockad-e continues. Great scarcity of provisions in Ma nila. Foreign subjects fear an outbreak of the Spanish soldiers, and they will be transferred to Cavite by the for eign men-of-war in the harbor. Aguinaldo, the rebel chief, who was brought here from Hongkong on the McCulloch, is organizing a force of native cavalry, and may render as sistance that will be valuable. DEWEY, THANKS OF THE NATION. MAY 9, 1898. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, that, in pursuance of the recommendation of the President, the thanks of the Congress and of the American people are hereby tendered to Commodore Dewey, United States Navy, commander-in-chief of the Asiatic squadron, for highly distinguished conduct in conflict with the enemy l A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. ** as "displayed by him in the destruction of the Spanish fleet and batteries in the harbor of Manila, Philippine Islands, on May i, 1898. That the thanks of Congress and the American people are hereby extended, through Commodore Dewey, to the officers and men under his command for the gallantry and skill exhibited by them on this occasion. Be .it further resolved, that the President of the United States be requested to cause this resolution to be com municated to Commodore Dewey and through him to the officers and men under his command. (Resolution passed unanimously by both houses of Congress, May 9, 1898.) - + - THE NEW WORLD S POWER, MAY 10, 1898. Into the putrid swamp of European polkics has been cast a stone and the turbid, slimy waters spout up. uThe great Republic on yonder side of the ocean, without castles, nobles, or standing army, has suddenly sprung out of her position of neutrality to Europe, and one European State, which kas slaughtered myriads of men wrestling for freedom, is undone. Old Europe in consequence is shaken to her founda tions. It is a new power no militarism, no huge fleet, yet a mighty, overwhelming, elemental power. In Asia the same phenomenon has appeared. The new power has become a balance of the scales. Even if the alliance with England comes to nothing the new American position in the Far East crosses every com bination hitherto effected. (Extract from an editorial in the Berlin Social Democratic organ, the Vorwaertz, May 19, 1898.) MORE VOLUNTEERS. MAY 25, 1898. By the President of the United States a Proclamation. Whereas, An Act of Congress was approved on the 25th 3ay of April, 1898, entitled, "An Act declaring war exists 32 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Spain," and Whereas, By an Act of Congress entitled "An Act for temporarily increasing the military establishment of the United States in time of war and for other purposes," ap proved April 22, 1898, the President is authorized, in order to raise a volunteer army ,to issue his proclamation calling for volunteers to serve in the army of the United States. Now, therefore, I, William McKinley, President of the United States, by virtue of the power vested in me by the Constitution and the laws, and deeming sufficient occa sion to exist, have thought it fit to call forth and hereby do call forth volunteers to the aggregate number of 75,000 in addition to the volunteers called forth by my proclamation of the 25th day of April in the present year; the same to be apportioned, as far as practicable, among the several States and Territories and the District of Columbia, according to population and to serve for two years unless sooner dis charged. The proportion of each arm and the details of enlistment and organization will be made known through the War Department. Done at Washington, May 25, 1898. WILLIAM M KINLEY. RECONCENTRATION REVOKED. MARCH 30, 1898. Article i After the publication of this order the recun- centrados and their families will be allowed to return home in the provinces of Pinar del Rio, Havana, Matanzas and Santa Clara. Article 2 Orders all relief committees and military au thorities to facilitate the workings of the decree and also to aid the reconcentrados in selecting and securing new houses. Article 3 Directs the Colonial Government, through its Secretary and Ministerial officers, to prepare to execute all necessary orders to secure for the country people work on public improvements, and also to give food, by econ- A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. S3 omic kitchens, to all the suffering, attention being called to those on the small country estates. Article 4 All the expenses over and above the funds now in the hands of the committee are to be provided for under the head of an extraordinary war credit. Article 5 All former orders of reconcentration are abrogated. +++ . SUNDAY, JANUARY 23. HAVANA IN POPULAR FERMENT. Havana streets filled with inflammatory circulars against Americans by ultra-Spanish adherents. Extra military guard placed about the United States Consular residence. Passing of eight United States war vessels through Key West causes excitement and apprehension in Havana that vessels have been dispatched to Havana. Havana fmparcial declares that appearance of war ves sels indicates United States desire to seize Cuba. SUNDAY, JANUARY 24. THE MAINE ORDERED TO HAVANA. Battleship Maine ordered to Havana, to resume friendly naval relations with Spain, after abandonment of same by, Cleveland administration. Senators express hope that Maine will be followed by other vessels. Cipher dispatch received by President McKinley from Consul-General Lee at Havana. President orders direct telegraphic communication with Key West. (Subsequent developments indicated that this telegram was to urge that the Maine should not be sent to Havana.) TUESDAY, JANUARY 26. ARRIVAL OF THE MAINE AT HAVANA. Battleship Maine arrives in Havana harbor; courtesies exchanged with Spanish shore and navaJ officers. \ \ Madrid newspapers consider visit of Maiue inopportune! 34 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. and encouraging to insurgents. Madrid Imparcial fears visit of Maine will provoke a conflict. WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 26. PROVOCATION WITHOUT JUSTIFICATION. Spanish cruiser Vizcaya ordered to New York to return visit of Maine to Havana. Madrid Imparcial declares Maine visit a "provocation without justification." Premier Sagasta not apprehensive of serious conse quences because of friendly assurances by President MC-J Kinley. *+<. - THURSDAY, JANUARY 27. RUMORS OF IMPENDING FRICTION. Madrid press allege that battleship Maine was already en route to Havana when Spain was notified of intended visit. United States Government reported to be making exten sive preparations against possible hostile emergency. Spanish fleet ordered to concentrate at Cadiz. FRIDAY, JANUARY 28. RECIPROCITY. Reciprocity negotiations reported under way with Spain, Cuba and Porto Rico. SATURDAY, JANUARY 29. BAD CONDITION OF SPANISH NAVY, Carlist press in Spain express apprehension at bad condi tion of Spanish navy. Conference between French Minister to Spain and Span ish Minister of Foreign Affairs, presumably with reference to United States. (This was the beginning of an apparent entente, la^er developing into a reported Franco-Spanish alliance.) A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR 35 SUNDAY, JANUARY 30. COURTESIES TO THE MAINE. Officers of battleship Maine attend bull fight in Havana as guests of Acting Captain-General Parrado. +++ TUESDAY. FEBRUARY i. "MISSION OF PEACE." Crew of Vizcaya charged by Spanish Admiral with " mis sion of peace." , +-. TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 7. MORE TRIAL OF AUTONOMY ASKED Spain replies to United States note asking for early ter mination of hostilities in Cuba; reply solicits more pro longed trial of autonomy. ++. TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 8. A MINISTER S LETTER. Letter of Spanish Minister Dupuy De Lome to Editor Canalejas of Madrid Herald published; letter denounces President McKinley as weak, a caterer to the rabble and a low politician; intimates possible insincerity of Spain in reciprocity negotiations. HIGH TENSION IN MADRID. High tension reported in political situation in Madrid. Madrid El Epoca urges Spaniards to united stand against interference with national honor in Cuba. SENATE RESOLUTIONS. Senators Allen, Mason and Cannon introduce resolu tions looking toward recognition of Cuban insurgent gov ernment. DE LOME RESIGNS. Spanish Minister De Lome cables resignation to Madrid. -^ THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 10. BEGINNING OF THE END. Carlist press in Spain declare De Lome letter incident the beginning of the end of Spanish respect for the United States. 33 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 12. DISAVOWAL OF DE LOME. State Department requests formal disavowal from Spain of De Lome s intimations as to insincerity of Spain in re* ciprocity negotiations and in autonomy plan in Cuba. - MONDAY, FEBRUARY 14. A SPANISH FOOL. Spanish Cabinet Minister states that De Lome letter has resulted in Spanish Cabinet being placed in false position by a fool." BERNABE, NEW MINISTER. Louis Polo y Bernabe selected by Spain as successor to De Lome as Minister to the United States. TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 15. BLOWING UP OF THE BATTLESHIP MAINE. Battleship Maine blown up in . Havana harbor by un known agencies; suspicion attached to Spanish authorities or citizens; 266 men killed, including Lieutenant F. W, Jenkins and Assistant Engineer Merritt. WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 16. INQUIRIES AND CONDOLENCES. Formation of naval court of inquiry to investigate cause of destruction of the Maine ordered. Spanish Charge d Affaires expresses condolence to Pres ident McKinley on Maine destruction. Flags placed at half mast on Governor-General s palace in Havana in respect to deceased of Maine. European nations express condolence for disaster. *^ THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 17. WARNED OF THE DANGER. Spanish officer in Havana quoted as saying: " I guess this (Maine disaster) will bring the war that we all wish." . Public funeral in Havana, at General Blanco s request, o{ victims of Maine disaster. Secretary Congosto of Cuban Colonial Government A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 87 quoted as saying to General Lee: " I warned you thai there would be trouble if the Maine* came here." A PATRIOTIC STATE. Governor Tanner and Legislature of Illinois tender Pres ident McKinley financial and moral assistance in case ol emergency. OFFICERS OF INQUIRY COURT. Naval Court of Inquiry appointed: Captain Sampson, president; Captain Chadwick, Lieutenant-Commanders Schroeder and Marix. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 18. PROTEST AGAINST UNITED STATES DIVERS. United States clivers were not allowed to inspect wreck of Maine unaccompanied by Spanish divers; restriction subsequently withdrawn. THE SENATE. Seriate tables measure providing for committees to in vestigate Maine disaster; sharp speeches in debate by Ma son, Wolcott and Lodge. _ ___ ^ SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 19. ARMY AND NAVY ACTIVE. War Department declares that current activities on coast fortifications are not due to Maine disaster. Orders to Norfolk Navy Yards to hasten work on war ships. Unusual activity reported at many army posts. SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 20. VISIT OF THE VIZCAYA. Spanish cruiser Vizcaya officially received and welcomed in New York harbor; suecial precautions to protect vessel. MONDAY, FEBRUARY 21, SPAIN S CLAIM OF ACCIDENT. Naval Court of Inquiry convenes on United States steamship Mangrove at Havana, 33 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. Premier Sagasta states that inquiry shows Maine disaster was due to accidental internal explosion. - ^HI - TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 22. "THE GEORGE WASHINGTON." Senator Morgan introduces resolution inquiring as to possibility of early construction of a battleship to be named " George Washington" to be equal to any existing war ship. - ++ WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 23. NAVY AT KEY WEST. Battleship Texas sails to Key West to join fleet assem bling at that point. - ^^ - THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 24. " AMERICAN TREACHERY." Orders to many post commanders change plans already inaugurated. Madrid Imparcial urges Spain to prepare for war, be cause of American treacher. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 25, PURCHASING COAL FOR THE NAVY, Naval and recruiting stations ordered to hold on waiting lists all applicants for enlistment who have had previous service. Government said to have purchased 300,000 tons of coal for naval stations in West Indies and on Florida coasts. PRO CTO R I X VESTTGATES. Senator Prod or -ails for Cuba to make personal investi gation of conditions. Public feeling reported much e- cited in Spain over news paper and popular hostility in United States to Spain. ------ : ^*- SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 26. NOT TO UK JINOOED INTO WAR. Preskfr^l V : n)ev <\r( - \ as -ayin^ that he will not be " JU g Oed" into v.ar \\illi ,S.:iin. A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. 33 Assistant Secretary of Navy Roosevelt admits great hn crease of naval offensive and defensive preparations within past ten days. Navy Department requests Congress to* provide 1500 men for new cruisers. Five Spanish warships reported to have sailed for the United States. THE SPANISH POPULACE. Anti-American feeling increases in Spain; floats ridicul ing the United States exhibited in Mardi Gras festivities in spite of police prohibition. +++ SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 27. WAR IN APRIL. Great scarcity of food and bread riots in many provinces of Spain. Madrid Correspondence Militaire predicts war with the United States by April. Republican Congressmen restive over delay in Maine and Cuban matters. Workmen at League Island Navy Yard continue work on Sundays. MONDAY, FEBRUARY 28. LIMIT OF CONCESSIONS ON BOTH SIDES. Reported that President McKinley had indicated March dst to Spain as limit of time for trial of autonomy; that Spain requested extension of time to May 1st. Reported that President McKinley demanded recall of Weyler from Captain-Generalship of Cuba, upon alterna tive of forcible removal by the United States. Reported that Maine disaster prevents President fron* carrying out intended Cuban policy. Madrid Imparcial insists that limit of concessions b$ Spain to the United States has been reached. 4t A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. TUESDAY,, MARCH i. SPANISH HOPE AND CONGRESSIONAL EXAM. INATION. Premier Sagasta expresses hope of favorable, Cuban de velopments by March ist. Senators Gallinger, Thurston and Money, and Repre-i sentatives Cummins and W. A. Smith depart for Cuba on tour of personal investigation of conditions in island. Ironclad Miantonomoh and Katahdin ordered into com mission March loth; Monitor Amphitrite ordered to join fleet of Admiral Sicard at Key West. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 2. SPAIN INVESTIGATES. General opinion prevails among naval and other authori ties that Naval Board of Inquiry will report Maine disaster due to explosion outside of the vessel. Spain orders appointment of commission to investigate cause of Maine disaster. Special inducements offered to machinists to enlist in the United States navy. CAEvSARISM IN UNITED STATES. Paris Temps expresses fear of development of Caesarism in the United States. RELIEF FOR CUBANS. Cruisers Montgomery and Nashville detailed to trans port relief supplies to Cuban reconcentrados in other cities than Havana. THURSDAY, MARCH 4. WEYLER ACCUSED. Wreck of the Maine attributed by press reports to Gen eral Weyler, assisted by Senors Trinon, Calvo, Breshes, Vega and Bubir. Madrid populace much excited over report that United States fleet at Hongkong will proceed asrainst the Philip pine Islands. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 41 FRIDAY, MARCH 4. BUYING WARSHIPS. President McKinley reported to be considering the pur chase of eight warships now building in Europe and offered to the United States. Navy Department reports construction of proposed warship " George Washington" impracticable. SECOND SPANISH FLEET. Second Spanjsh naval and torpedo squadron reported fitting out at Cadiz for expedition to Cuba. DEWEY S FLEET. Preparations made to replenish supplies of United States fleet at Hongkong. WHEAT. Wheat exports threaten exhaustion of available United States supply. -^ SATURDAY, MARCH 5. OTHER NATIONS WANT WARSHIPS. Navy Department experiences difficulty in securing re cruits for new vessels. Lieutenant Kelley reported to be conducting general inspection of available auxiliary naval vessels. Work begun on refitting of old monitors in League Is land Navy Yard. Navy Department contracts for delivery of 400,000 tons of coal at Key West. Lively competition in bidding for foreign war vessels expected between the United States, Spain and other na tions. Navy Department reported to have plans for emergency completion of 100 torpedo boats within ninety days. United States reported to have secured plans of Spanish harbors and defenses. BRITISH SYMPATHY. British sympathy reported to support United States Against Spain. Spanish agents in negotiating for war vessels in Eng- 42 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR land allege British sympathy with Spain; British Govern* ment issues contradiction. French foreign office reported to be urging mediation between United States and Spain. SPANISH REQUESTS REFUSED. Spain advertises pardon to deserters and fugitives from military service. . Spain requests withdrawal of Consul-General Lee; United States refuses request. Spain requests that relief supplies for Cuba be sent in merchant marine instead of in war vessels; United States refuses request. SUNDAY, MARCH 7. FIFTY MILLIONS FOR NATIONAL DEFENSE. Representative Cannon introduces a bill appropriating $50,000,000 for national defense, to be expended at the discretion of the President and to be available until June 30, 1899. Spain withdraws request for recall of Consul-General Lee. Dispatch boat Fern ordered to replace Montgomery and Nashville in distribution of supplies to Cubans; change of vessel approved by Spanish press as friendly. Numerous agents of foreign ship-building yards call upon President McKinley with reference to sale of war vessels. Commander W. H. Brownson departs for Europe to in vestigate foreign war vessels available for purchase. Orders issued for enlisting of two additional regiments of artillery. (This was in accordance with a special bill passed by Congress.) STOCK EXCHANGES DEMORALIZED. London and New York markets demoralized by scare at Spanish-American situation. Paris bourse affected for the first time by Spanish-American affairs, FRENCH SYMPATHY. Press reports allege French sympathy with Spain, due A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, 43 to French desire to check growing commercial and finan cial power of United States. + TUESDAY, MARCH 8. NOTABLE WAR SPEECHES. Cannon bill appropriating $50,000,000 for national de fense unanimously passed by the House of Representatives amid great enthusiasm. Notable speeches in support of measure by Gannon, Hen derson, Dollliver, Bailey and Sayres, all speeches deprecat ing possibility of war and considering appropriation a guar antee of peace. WAR EXCEPT IN NAME. Represetative Mann considers that war exists except in name. Feeling reported in Washington official circles that situ ation with Spain is much improved. Many conferences between war and navy officials. AVAILABLE MUNITIONS OF WAR. Manufacturing firms in all sections consulted as to ca pacity for furnishing arms to the Government. Six nations reported to be bidding for Chilean warships. *- WEDNESDAY, MARCH 9. MATERIAL FOR EMERGENCY. Senate passes Cannon $50,000,000 appropriation unani mously. President McKinley signs Cannon appropriation bill. Reported that Cannon appropriation will be applied first to purchase of additional warships. Ordnance manufacturers and army and navy suppjv merchants assure the Government of ability to furnish ma terial for emergency. Cruiser Montgomery arrives in Havana harbor. ++ THURSDAY, MARCH 10. EXPECTATIONS OF PEACE. Feeling prevails in official and financial circles that diffi* culties with Spain will be adjusted peaceably. 44 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. Monitor Miantonomoh and ram Katahdin go into com mission. Conference of navy officers on arming of auxiliary navy; present crews of auxiliary vessels to be enlisted. PORTO RICO. Official advices declare success of autonomy in Porto Rico. FRIDAY, MARCH n. NEW WAR DEPARTMNT. Military department of the Gulf established, headquar ters at Atlanta, Ga., in lieu of department of Texas; Gen eral Graham in command. General Flagler, Chief of Ordnance Department given full power to purchase munitions of war. RETIRED NAVAL OFFICERS SUMMONED. Numerous retired naval officers ordered to hold them selves in readiness for service. Orders issued for manning new fortifications on Atlantic Coast. Newly organized Sixth Regiment of Artillery stationed it Fort Slocum, N. Y.; Seventh Regiment stationed at Fort Henry, Md. Battery" of Fourth Artillery ordered to Sheridan Point, Va., to defend capital. Captain Peral, president of the Spanish Court of Inquiry, holds theory of Maine explosion by torpedo untenable. Spanish Minister Bernabe officially received at Wash-* "ngton. TRADE NOT AFFECTED, \Veekly trade reports show no decrease in trade activities due to political situation. SATURDAY, MARCH 12. NEW INVENTIONS! ..-.. - , s . Battleship Oregon ordered to cruise south from, San Francisco toward Valparaiso. Special board appoinied to consider vessels offered for A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. auxiliary navy; Lieutenant Kelley advisory member of board. Many new inventions of war appliances, etc., offered the War Department. War Department decides to open bids ior projectiles without awaiting appropriation. Completion of big guns in manufacture at Washington Navy Yard hastened. British press apprehend war between United States Spain. . - -+- : - - V SUNDAY, MARCH 13- FORECAST OF SPANISH ACTIONS. "Reported that Spanish Board of Inquiry will conclude Maine disaster due to internal causes. Madrid press state that Spain will leave provocation of \var to United States. Warships Helena and Bancroft ordered home from Eu rope. Madrid press urge privateering as best method of war fare. MONDAY, MARCH 14. NAVY, GUNS, PROJECTILES AND EXPENSES. Auxiliary navy inspection board organizes, with Cap* tain Frederick Rogers as chairman; American line steam* ships St. Louis and New York and other vessels inspected. Bids requested for disappearing gun carnages. Bids opened for armor-piercing projectiles and 12,- 000,000 rifle ball cartridges. Estimate of $491,131 as cost for maintenance of new artillery regiments submitted. SPANISH NAVY MOVES. Spanish naval squadron reported to have left Cadiz, pre sumably for Porto Rico. AUSTRIA. Reported that Austria is urging European powers to join in protest against war between United States and Spain. 46 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. British Government refuses to reply to interrogations as to negotiations looking to naval support of the United States. A SPANISH CHALLENGE. Senator Mason challenged to duel by editor of Spanish newspaper El Cardo. Navy purchases Brazilian cruisers Aniazonas and Abruall. TUESDAY, MARCH 15. PARTY FAILURE PREFERRED TO UNHOLY WAR. President McKinley quoted as saying: "I would rather my administration should be an ignominious failure than that it should be responsible for an unholy war." Senate committee decides to postpone investigation of Maine disaster. Consul-General Osborne speaks in London on advan tage of British-American co-operatign. TH ETRIP OF THE OREGON. Battleship Oregon ordered to join Sicard s fleet at Key West; Captain Charles E. Clark placed in command. Reported that one Spanish naval squadron will proceed to Havana; second squadron to Porto Rico. - *>* - WEDNESDAY, MARCH 16. SPAIN S DISPLEASURE AT NAVAL ACTIVITIES. Spain intimates displeasure at United States naval and military activities, and concentration of fleet at Key West; considers same an encouragement of Cuban insurgents. Gathering of naval vessels at Key West becomes largest since Civil War. Five million dollars from emergency appropriation asked for Atlantic and Gulf fortifications, and $2,225,000 for arms and ammunition. PATRIOTISM FOR POLITICAL EFFECT. ^ Spirited debate in House of Representatives on Cubari situation; administration accused of arousing patriotic im pulses of nation for political effect A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 47 THURSDAY, MARCH 17. , . k PROCTOR REPORTS. Senator Proctor reports to the Senate his observations in Cuba; states that reports of suffering of reconcentrados have not been overdrawn; that it is too late for autonomy to succeed. ARMY REORGANIZATION. Representative Hull introduces bill prepared by War De partment for placing army on war footing with full strength of 104,000 men. (This bill was passed subse quently.) Reported that President has been advised of findings of Maine Board of Inquiry, for personal guidance; special precautions taken to prevent premature publication of SECOND NAVAL SQUADRON. Orders issued for formation of additional naval squadron at Hampton Roads. First disbursement of Cannon appropriation is made for rapid-fire guns purchased in England. Honore Laine, press correspondent, publishes alleged letter of General Weyler intimating preparations for in jury to United States war vessels upon arrival in Havana harbor. Spanish naval squadron ordered not to proceed to Ha vana. FRIDAY, MARCH 18. GALLINGER ON CUBA. Brazilian cruiser Amazonas formally transferred to the United States, with assurances of Brazilian friendship. Senator Gallinger, returning from Cuba, declares that condition of reconcentrados has not been overdrawn. Efforts made to purchase torpedo boat destroyers in Europe, in accordance with decision of naval strategy board that such craft are necessary. Contracts awarded for large orders of armor and deck piercing projectiles. 4S A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. GREAT BRITAIN DON T WANT HAWAII. Official denial made in Parliament that Great Britain has planned or desires absorption of Hawaiian Islands. SATURDAY, MARCH 19. EUROPEAN COALITION AGAINST UNITED STATES. All classes of Great Britain and majority of British presa alleged to be enthusiastic supporters of the policy of the United States toward Spain. Spanish newspaper, El Globo, ridicules the United States navy. Same paper re-asserts that Emperor William of Germany has declared that the United States will not be allowed to wrest Cuba from Spain. Same paper predicts European coalition against th$ United States. Large numbers of cavalry horses purchased in the Blaclc Hills, South Dakota. Naval Bureau of Ordnance contracts for 4,500,000 pounds of brown powder. Contract let for dredging of Dry Tortugas harbor, t permit closer anchorage. MEDIATION SOUGHT. Reported that Spain is endeavoring through Austria to secure mediation of European powers with United States. Battleship Oregon sails for San Francisco. UPRISING IN PORTO RICO. Reported that insurrection is imminent in Porto Rico and that Spanish cruiser Vizcaya has been dispatched tci port to maintain order. SUNDAY, MARCH 20. THE PRESIDENT TAKES CONTROL 1 . President McKinley reported to be in close touch with all United States representatives abroad; representatives re port personally to the President. Cabinet holds a Sunday meeting. OP THE WAR. Continued \yarlike preparations at arrny posts, especially at coast points. . ... , Regiment of volunteer heavy artillery of previous war service raised at Watervifle, Me., arid tendered to the Presi dent. .- " STAR-SPANGLED BANNER." Audience at benefit in New York to sufferers of Maine disaster rise and sing "The Star-Spangled Banner." HASTENING RECIPROCITY. Reported that Spain has ordered additional concession^ including extension to Philippines to hasten reciprocity negotiations with the United States. SPANISH CENSORSHIP. More strict censorship of news of Spanish naval move* tnents is ordered. - _^^ -- MONDAY, MARCH 21. TO PREVENT CONGRESSIONAL; EXCITE MENT. Press forecast of report of Maine Board of Inquiry state that board will attribute explosion to outside causes, bjit will not fix responsibility for same. Steps taken by supporters of administration to prevent excitable outburst of Congress upon receipt of Maine in quiry report. PRESIDENTIAL POLICY. Congressmen, after conference with members of the Cabinet, predict that President McKinley will recom mend interference in Cuba. NO INDEMNITY FOR THE MAINE. Reported that Spain will not consider possible demands for indemnity for destruction of the Maine. THE FLYING SQUADRON. Announced that flying squadron will be formed at Hampton Roads, presumably under Commodore Howell. Brazilian cruizer Amazonas rechristened the New Orleans; Abruall rechristened the Albany. Artillery expert Captain William P. Duvall ordered to 60 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. iV dshington to confer on plans for Atlantic and Gulf coast defenses. Navy Department advertises for recruits; contracts for extra supplies of pork and beef. Castle Island in Boston harbor closed to the public. Two resolutions looking to intervention in Cuba intro duced into the House of Representatives. COUSIN S TRIBUTE TO THE MAINE. Notable speech in the House of Representatives by Cousin of Iowa commemorative of the victims of the Maine. - .H^. - TUESDAY, MARCH 22, INTERVENTION IN CUBA IS FORESHADOWED. Lieutenant-Commander Marix departs from Key West for Washington with the findings of the Maine Board of Inquiry. General opinion in Washington foreshadows United States intervention in Cuba. UNITED STATES DEFEATS AUTONOMY. Madrid Imparcial declares that United States action has practically defeated autonomy. COALING STATION. Navy Department considers acquiring of coaling sta tion in the West Indies. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 23. CONCENTRATING NAVAL MOVEMENTS. Arrangements made for transfer of revenue cutter serv ice to the Navy Department. Three warships recalled from foreign waters. Eight old monitors ordered into condition for protection of New York, Boston and Philadelhpia. Monitors Terror and Puritan ordered to Key W r est. Naval strategic board decides to concentrate vessels on the Atlantic Coast. Dry Tortugas transferred to Navy Department and bids opened for extensive improvements. Bids opened for extensive improvements at Key West. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 51 A CRISIS APPROACHING. President continues full and frank conferences with party leaders in Congress. General feeling in Washington that situation with Spain is reaching a crisis. Senator Bacon introduces resolution in behalf of main taining peace so long as consistent with national dignity and honor. Senator Galllinger speaks in Senate on personal observa tions of situation in Cuba. Additional pro-Cuban resolutions introduced into the House. FAMINE SUFFERERS. Consul Barker reports 50,000 people suffering from famine in Santiago de Cuba province; Consul McGarr re ports 15,000 sufferers in district of Cienfuegos. Naval medical board reports in favor of retirement of Admiral Sicard for physical disability. STOCK MARKETS DOWN. All stock markets of the world depressed by the Span* isth-American situation. THURSDAY, MARCH 24. SITUATION CRITICAL. Situation consideration in Washington to be grave and critical, more threatening than at any time since Maine dis aster. Remarkable activity in Navy and War Departments in hastening war preparations. MAINE REPORT. Report of the Maine Board of Inquiry delivered to Presi dent McKinley and Secretary Long. JOINT WAR BOARD, Arrangements made for joint war commission of War and Navy Departments. Democrats comply with wishes of President McKinley looking to temperate control of Congress on receipt of Maine inquiry report. ; 62 4 CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. ffHURSTQN S SPEECH FQR CUBAN INDEPEND- -.. . , >:: . ;: . . ENCE. Senator Thurston, at request of his late -wife; who died during his visit to Cuba, delivers impassioned speech on Cuban horrors and favoring immediate intervention in be half of independence. Vice-President does not check applause in galleries at the close of Thurston s speeeh. SPAIN S TORPEDO FLOTILLA. Reported that Spanish torpedo flotilla has started west ward; that United States has protested that the presence in Cuban waters of warships not directly serviceable against the insurgents will be considered an act of hostility; Span ish Minister confers with State Department with reference to this matter. NAVAL COMMANDERS. Numerous assignments of naval commanders; Admiraf Sicard retired on leave of absence ; Captain Sampson ap pointed commander of fleet at Key West, the Atlantic squadron; Captain Robley D. ("Fighting Bob") Evans made commander of the battleship Iowa. Navy Department purchases eight steam yachts and four steam tugs. NAVAL RESERVES. Reported that Massachusetts and New York naval mili tia have been ordered to man monitors in New York and Boston harbors. FRIDAY, MARCH 25. SPAIN NOTIFIED OF MAINE INQUIRY REPORT, Spain notified that Maine Board of Inquiry finds the dis aster due to explosion outside the ship. Spain notifies United State? that Spanish Board of In quiry finds Maine disaster due to explosion inside the ship. Two extended Cabinet meetings held to consider the Maine inquiry report. Expected that President McKinlcy will transmit Maine inquiry report to Congress on March 2Sth, together with request for relief appropriation for Cuban rccoiicentrados. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, - 53 UNPRECEDENTED \yAR PREPARATIONS : War preparations continue on unprecedented scale; country said to be practically on a war footing. Reported that Spain holds the armament of Dry Tortu gas more libs* tile than the dispatch of the torpedo flotilla to Cuba. Flying squadron definitely formed at Hampton Kbads^ with Commodore Schley in command. A DULL L EAD COLOR. , Orders issued to paint all warships a dull lead color. President McKinley declines to accept movement of Spanish torpedo flotilla as a hostile act. Recruiting officers at all points ordered to secure as many experienced seamen as possible. SATURDAY, MARCH 26. PRESIDENT AND CONGRESS CO-OPERATE Hourly consultations between the President and leading; members of Congress; general official restlessness re ported. Congressional leaders agree to refer President s mes sage and Maine inquiry report to committees without de bate. Numerous cablegrams pass between the United States and Spanish Governments. Assistant Secretary of State Adee assigned to prepara tion of diplomatic correspondence, etc. Preparations made for transfer of lighthouse tenders to Navy Department to serve as part of coast patrol. Lieutenant-Colonel *A. \V. Wagner designated to act with Captain A. S. Barker on joint navy and army com mission. WAR AS SPANISH SALVATION. Press reports state that Sagasta Ministry begins to look upon war with United States as only means of escaping bankruptcy, by repudiating national indebtedness. French Government interpellated as to Spanish-Ameri can situation;, accused of indifference to aggressions of Anglo-Saxon on Latin race: Premier Hanotaitx replies 54 A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. that France is friendly to both nations and will act in be- half of peace. LAST HOPES OF PEACE. Premier Sagasta expresses belief that means still exist for avoiding a rupture with the United States. Embassador White receives assurances that Emperor iWilliam made no pro-Spanish utterances. ^^ SUNDAY, MARCH 27. SPAIN CRIES, "NO SURRENDER." Press gives advance summary of report of Maine Board of Inquiry. Motto of " No Surrender" reported to prevail among all classes of Spain; Government receives offers of support of men and money from all provinces. European powers reported friendly to Spain because of danger of overthrow of monarchy in event of war. SPANISH PATRIOTISM. Many Spanish citizens volunteer to contribute one day s wages toward purchase of a warship. Duke of Veragua expresses lack of confidence in Presi dent McKinley; considers latter proud and vain. UNITED STATES HYPOCRISY. Madrid press declares that Spain will not relinquish Cuba and that United States hypocritically desires posses sion of the island, Spain requests further delay of action in regard to Cuba in order to submit further plan for liberal government of the island. President McKinley reported unwilling to accept any scheme Spain may propose. ,THE PURCHASE OF CUBAN INDEPENDENCE. Reported that commission of financiers have visited Washington to offer to loan Cuban insurgents $200,000,- ooo with which to purchase independence. Senator Hanna and other advocates of peace policy re ported to be changing attitude on prospect of Spanish in crease of martial strength to point of ability to defy the United States. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 65 Secretary Gage reported to be endeavoring to effect peaceable settlement; favors plan of purchase of Cuban in dependence. AN ULTIMATUM. Reported that President McKinley has cabled notes to Spain during the week demanding cessation of war in Cuba and informing Spain of findings of Maine Board of Inquiry. Reported that Spain has replied that invasion of Span ish rights in Cuba will not be tolerated. EUROPE EXPECTS EARLY WAR. European press think that United States has reached limit of extension of time for termination of Cuban hostili ties and that Spain has reached limit of concessions; early conflict expected. German press apprehensive for the first time of belliger ent developments. ++ MONDAY, MARCH 28. MAINE INQUIRY REPORT IN CONGRESS. President McKinley transmits findings of the Maine Board of Inquiry to Congress. Report exonerates officers and crew of the Maine from responsibility and finds that disaster was due to explosion of submarine mine, but fails to fix responsibility for the explosion. President s accompanying message states that substance of report has been conveyed to the Spanish Government, leaving the question of reparation open to the voluntary determination of Spain. Report and message referred to committees in both houses without delay. A HAVANA PLOT. Report includes testimony of the overhearing of con versation indicating plot of Havana citizens to blow up the Maine. VOLUNTEER RESERVE. National Volunteer Reserve formed under command of Lieutenant-General Schofield, retired, and aided by many W A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, retired army and navy officers; all living Generals of North and South to be members of military committee; gov ernors of States asked to assist. Admirals of United States and British fleets at Hong kong reported to have had conference. INTERVENTION VS. RECOGNITION. Talk of consolidation of members of House of Repre sentatives favorable to immediate intervention in Cuba. Representatives of both houses of Congress inform Pres ident McKintey of indisposition to delay action in Cuban matters. Motion made for continuous session of Senate Commit tee until Maine, Cuban and Spanish questions are settled. MOSQUITO FLEET. Reported that " mosquito fleet" will be formed consist ing of yachts, tugs, etc., for mobile defense of seacoast. ARMISTICE. Foreign press favors granting of armistice between Spanish forces and insurgents in Cuba until fall, pending negotiations between Spain, Cuban insurgents and the United States for adjustment of pending difficulties. Paris Temps, presumably under inspiration of Premier Hanotaux, urges arbitration to settle the Spanish-Amerv can dispute. : .. _ TUESDAY, MARCH 29. ALIGNMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL FORCES. Reported that unless negotiations now pending with* Spain result in adjustment of Cuban question (within ten days) entire diplomatic correspondence will be sub mitted to Congress and diplomatic negotiations be sus pended. Reported that Spain has offered to grant armistice wirf Cubans. Opposition to pacific and conservative policy of Presi dent McKinley becomes very strong in both houses; meet ing of members of lower house opposed to delay held, under chairmanship of Hopkins of Illinois, A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 5T Populists and Silver Republicans i.n caucus authorize resolutions for immediate recognition of Cuban insurgents. LESS APPREHENSIVE. Extreme energy of War and Navy Department in pre parations for war relaxed. Spanish press, public and bourse reported less appre hensive of war. Twenty-fifth Infantry (colored) transferred from Mon tana to Dry Tortugas to become acclimated for possible service in Cuba. Numerous resolutions looking to recognition of Cuban independence introduced into both branches of Congress. Several resolutions declare war with Spain. MASON S IMPASSIONED SPEECH. Senator Mason delivers impassioned speech on Presi dent s message declaring in favor of immediate war; speech is loudly applauded by the galleries. WEDNESDAY, MARCH 30. DRDER OF RECONCENTRATION REVOKED. Captain-General Blanco announces that pacification of eastern provinces of Cuba has progressed so far that order concentrating population in cities will be withdrawn and reconcentrados will be allowed to return to their homes. Profound excitement reported in House of Representa tives on presentation of resolution by Bailey recognizing Cuban independence. REPUBLICAN BOLT AVERTED. Republicans are with difficulty prevented from support ing the resolution; resolution laid on the table. Republicans immediately express to the President hope that something will be done in Cuban matter. President reported to have given assurance that something definite can be expected by April ist. SPAIN RELIEVES THE RECONCENTRADOS. Reported that Spain had addressed a note to the Eu ropeon powers on the situation with the United States and that Premier Hanotaux s declaration on March 26th wa* due to this note. 68 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. Spain said to be considering the granting of an armistice. Spanish Cabinet votes 3,000,000 pesetas to relief of Cu ban reconcentrados. Spanish financial papers point out disastrous conse quences of war. ISLAND OF ST. THOMAS. Negotiations reported under way for purchase of the Danish West Indies island of St. Thomas as coaling sta tion for United States navy. Additional resolutions looking to Cuban independence and resolutions declaring war with Spain introduced into the House. PRESIDENT NOT UNDULY PRESSED. Caucus of House Republicans decide to allow President to complete pending negotiations with Spain before taking action. Senate committee postpones action pending completion of current negotiations with Spain. THURSDAY MARCH 31. SPAIN REPLIES TO ULTIMATUM. Spanish reply to demands of President McKinley art, received; reported to declare that Spain cannot admit in terference with integrity of empire. Spain telegraphs United States demand and Spamsli reply to all European powers. Senator Hanna present with President and some mem bers of Cabinet on receipt of Spain s reply, SENATE FOR RECOGNITION. Senate committee reported to have concluded informally in favor of immediate intervention in behalf of Cuban inde pendence. Captain-General Blanco issues decree allowing return of all reconcentrados to their estates and extending aid to the impoverished. Blanco transmits report to legation in the United States setting forth improved condition of reconcentrados, etc., in Cuba. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. W .GROSVENOR DEFENDS THE ADMINISTRA TION. Impression of Republicans of House after visiting the President is that the latter is not confident of preserving peace. Representative Lewis condemns alleged negotiations looking to the purchase of Cuban independence. Representative Grosvenor states that no such negotia tions are pending; Grosvenor charges Bailey with making party capital out of the Cuban question. Rates on war risks in marine insurance advance 50 per cent over preceding day. Army and Navy Departments begin to give attention to planning campaign. STRENGTH OF THE MILITIA. Statement issued showing total number of men in United States available for military duty, 10,378,118. Statement issued showing authorized strength of State militia to be 186,848, with actual strength of 113,760. Woodwork removed from all warships at Key West and latter placed in readiness to move at fifteen minutes notice. Naval strategic board decides to order all State naval militia to be got in readiness for service. ++ FRIDAY, APRIL i. CUBA MUST ASK FOR ARMISTICE/ Cabinet considers Spain s reply unsatisfactory. Reply emphasizes repeal of reconcentrado order in Cuba, assents to United States assistance in relief work, consents to armistice, provided Cubans apply for same, but leaves adjustment of hostilities in Cuba to the Colonial Parlia ment which does not meet until May 4th. ARBITRATION OF MAINE DISASTER. Reply suggests that responsibility for Maine disaster be left to the determination of an international board. Reported that Pope Leo is endeavoring to prevail upon both Spain and Cuban insurgents to accept armistice. MAINE DESTRUCTION A CAUSE FOR WAR. Reported that Senate Foreign Committe will report or 60 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. Monday, April 4th, the Foraker resolution favoring armed intervention in Cuba, holding revocation of reconcentra- do order as a subterfuge, destruction of Maine as sufficient cause for war, and damage to American interests in Cuba as justification for intervention. CUBANS WANT NO ARMISTICE. Announced that General Gomez on behalf of insurgents will accept armistice only when sought by Spain under flag of truce. Cuban Colonial Government makes formal appeal to President McKinley against intervention, on ground that Colonial Government represents majority of people of Cuba. THREE NEW BATTLESHIPS. House of Representatives passes naval appropriation bill, including appropriation for three new battleships; many warlike speeches made favoring substitution of ac tion for diplomacy: debate as to utility of modern battle ships; galleries crowded and demonstrative. Reported that Spanish Queen Regent has made per sonal appeal to Queen Victoria to co-operate with France and Austria in intervention; Queen Victoria refers the ap peal to Salisbury. Governors of States not having naval militia requested to form same. SEIZURE OF HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Reported that instructions have been issued to Admiral Miller to raise United States flag on Hawaiian Islands in event of war with Spain. STATE APPROPRIATIONS. New York and Ohio Legislatures appropriate $1,000,000 for contingent war fund; Iowa Legislature appropriates $500,000. Bill for purchase of British W r est Indies temporarily with drawn to avoid creating opposition to President. END OF DIPLOMACY. New York and London stock markets believe that end of diplomatic negotiations has been reached. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAIt CI* SATURDAY, APRIL 2: A WAR MESSAGE. President McKinley begins preparation of message to- Congress; consults with Congressmen and officials of War and Navy Departments; message expected in Congress by, Wednesday or Thursday of ensuing week. SPAIN S SHIPS STOP AT CAPE VERDE. Spanish torpedo flotilla puts in at St. Vincent, Cape iVerde Islands. Spanish Cabinet reported divided on reply to United States. Panic on Madrid bourse. Reported that European powers are urging Spain to grant an armistice. Many military and naval preparations ordered in Spain. CATHOLIC MEDIATION. Reported that Cardinal Gibbons and Archbishop Ireland are in Washington to urge avoidance of hostilities between United States and Spain. WAR REVENUE. Secretary Gage and Representative Dingley confer with President on formulating of war revenue bilU CARLISTS. Reported that Spanish royal family fears uprising of Carlists. SUNDAY, APRIL 3. CUBAN INDEPENDENCE NOT ASKED. Republican leaders in Congress endeavor to restrain radical members from breach with President on Cuban matter; bolt of 25 Republicans would give Democratic policy of immediate intervention free play. Premier Sagasta states that the United States has not asked Spain to grant independent government to Cuba, Spanish press resumes belligerent tone. PRIVATEERING. National subscription for strengthening of Spanish naval fleet announced; all classes of people of Spain, including Carlists, offer their services in event of war. Spanish mer- 2 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. chants and sea captains apply for letters of marque to fit out as privateers. ++> MONDAY, APRIL 4. PAPAL EFFORTS FOR PEACE. Spain accepts offer of Pope to use influence with Cuban insurgents upon condition of Spain suspending hostilities. Spain announces that Pope, at request of President Me- Kinley, has intervened in existing dispute. State Department denies that President McKinley has requested or accepted Papal mediation. AMERICANS IN CUBA AND HAVANA. Americans in Havana become panic-stricken over dis turbed popular conditions in the city; Consul-General Lee requests ships for transporting Americans from the city; United States steamships Bache and Blake assigned for the purpose. Many Cuban families hurry from the island. Announced that naval auxiliary inspection board has purchased ten auxiliary cruisers. Washington Post states that war will ensue unless Spain within forty-eight hours grants demands of the United States. DECLARATION OF PARIS. Question of obligation of the United States to the terms of the declaration of Paris as to privateering raised in the British Parliament. DEMOCRATS. Representative Bailey states that Democrats will not de lay action for further negotiations with the " butchers of Spain-" + TUESDAY. APRIL 5. REMOVAL OF AMERICANS FROM CUBA. Much correspondence had between State Department and Consul-General Lee as to removal of Americans from Cuba; Lee states that Americans cannot be removed in less than five days. All consuls in Cuba ordered to be ready to concentrate A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 63 in Havana and Matanzas; six naval vessels ordered to Cuba to assist in transporting consuls and Americans residents. Many Senators declare determination to oppose any ac tion short of recognition of Cuban independence; confer ence of Senators Hanna, Platt of Connecticut, Spooner, Hale, Fairbanks and Aldrich looking to upholding of prob able recommendation of President for intervention without recognition. Reported that Senate Foreign Committee will not re port Cuban resolutions until time has been allowed for re moval of Americans and consuls from Cuba. Many conferences, presumably on Spanish-American situation, between delegations of Great Britain, France, Italy and Austria at Washington. EUROPEAN INTERVENTION. Reported that movement for European intervention was inaugurated by Spain, urged by Emperor of Austria be cause of relationship to Queen Regent, urged by France because of financial interest in Spanish bonds, not heartily accepted by Germany because of popular opposition; non- concurred in by Great Britain; latter s attitude probably checks movement. Sharp speech arraigning Spain made by Turpie of For eign Relations Committee of the Senate. CHICKAMAUGA. Troops at Fort Sheridan, Illinois, ordered south; in fantry at Cheyenne, Salt Lake and Fort Leavenworth or* dered into readiness to move; troops in south to be con-* centrated at Chickamauga. EXCHANGES GIVE UP. Sanguine expectations in Spanish-American situation Disappear from New York stock exchange. +- WEDNESDAY, APRIL 6. WAR MESSAGE WITHHELD. President McKinley withholds message from Congress until Monday, April nth, on telegram from Consul-Gen- eral Lee that Americans cannot be removed from the island before that date. (Statement was made subsequent that 64 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 1 the message was withheld in response to jrcque st of the Pope in expectation of a successful move toward ensuing peace.) House committee invited to the State Department to inspect telegram from Lee. Democrats consent to withhold action until Monday. Reported that European financial and diplomatic agents have influenced President to withhold message. Legations of Great Britain, Germany, France, Austria and Italy meet in Washington to frame joint note to United States with reference to Spanish-American diffi culties. Much activity manifested by advocates of intervention and of independence in both branches of Congress, espe cially in the lower house. CUBANS AGAINST INTERVENTION. Counsel of Cuban Junta 1 announces that Cuban insur* gents will not accept intervention without recognition. +* THURSDAY, APRIL 7. JOINT EUROPEAN NOTE. Embassadors of Great Britain, Germany, France, Xus< tria, Italy and Russia present joint notes to United States and Spain hoping for maintenance of peace; note construed by the press to be indorsement of United States policy, be cause of unwillingness of Great Britain to accept any other attitude. SPANISH DETERMINATION. Spanish Foreign Minister Gullon declares that Spain has reached limit of concessions. Much public anxiety in Madrid over the situation. Extraordinary sessions of Cabinet decide upon abiding by previous determinations. Pope renews confidential representations to Spain at midnight; Cabinet declines same as being too late. PEACE PARTY OF WALL STREET. Consul-General Lee ordered to withdraw from Havana on April gth. Sharp debate in the House over delay of action on A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 65 Cuban matter; Lentz charges President McKinley with acting in interest of "peace party" of Wall street; Gros- venor replies that war with Spain is inevitable unless Spain changes attitude. COAL TRUST. Senator Morgan asserts that coal trust has been formed to control coal supply of the United States in event of war. Reported that Spain has bought Welsh coal at 45 shill ings per ton, high price being due to strike in Wales coal mines. Reported that fifteen Spanish war vessels are to be dis patched to the Cape Verde Islands. Many captains and officers of Spanish merchant marine offer services to the Government. FRIDAY, APRIL 8. CUBAN JUNTA IN CONGRESS. Congressmen, with few exceptions, anticipate early war with Spain. Numerous members of Cuban Junta appear before Sen ate and House committees to give information as to con dition and needs of insurgents. Orders issued to naval officers to report at once to ves sels. Reported that Spanish Minister has not called at State Department during past seven days. Joint meeting of steering committees of both houses of Congress endeavors to secure reversal of committee re port for intervention and recognition. BANKERS TAKE ACTION. J. Pierpont Morgan and New York bankers confer on Spanish-American situation; emissary of meeting reported to have proceeded to Washington to confer with admin- istration. AMERICANS -LEAVE PORTO RICO. Consul Hanna and American colony withdraw from San Jtian de Porto Rico to St. Thomas Island because of tiliry of populace- 66 A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. TRADE CHECKED. Trade reports indicate check to new business in Eastertt sections because of political situation. SATURDAY, APRIL 9. HOSTILITIES IN CUBA SUSPENDED, Spain yields to solicitation of European powers and grants suspension of hostilities in Cuba; ministers of war and marine reported as objecting. Reported that 20,000 troops are to leave Spain for Porte* Rico; that second naval squadron is to be formed at Cadiz.. Reported that Great Britain did not participate in urg- ing armistice; France took lead. LEE LEAVES HAVANA. Consul-General Lee and many Americans withdraw from Havana on the United States steamship Fern; con< sulate left in charge of British Consul Gollan. Consuls in Spain give permission to withdraw if con* sidered necessary. Photographers barred from navy yards; persons O"TJM Served taking notes are placed under arrest. BOUNTY FOR SEAMEN. Bounty of $300 to $500 offered for seamen, Michigan Legislature appropriates $500,000 for wafi Contingency.. WAR AGAINST ANGLO-SAXON RACB. London Spectator declares that coalition of European powers against the Monroe doctrine would involve war against Anglo-Saxon race, Great Britain co-operating with the United States. Reported that naval attaches have been instructed to cease negotiations abroad for further war vessels. Reported that foreign policy of Queen Regent has beefl 9irected from the Vatican at Rome. ACCUMULATING MONEY. Deposits of New York associated banks decrease $12,^ 399,900 during current week] loans decrease $8,06^9,00. V" A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. SUNDAY, APRIL 1 10. UNITED STATES GOOD FAITH IN CUBA CREDITED. Minister Bernabe presents notice of suspension of hos* tilities in Cuba to the State Department. Two meetings of Cabinet held to consider the suspen* sion and possible changes in President s message. Carlist and Republican papers, and upholders of Robledo and Weyler, oppose the suspension of hostilities. Reported that Congressmen in face of responsibility are becoming less belligerent; Democrats insist upon recognU. tion of Cuban insurgents. Press on continent of Europe reported unwilling to be-* lieve in United States good faith in Cuban intervention. Disorderly crowds parade Madrid streets making patri* otic demonstrations. s MONDAY, APRIL, n. PRESIDENT S MESSAGE TRANSMITTED. President McKinley transmits message to Congress re-* viewing negotiations with Spain with reference to terminate ing hostilities in Cuba and to the destruction of the battle* ship Maine in Havana harbor. Outline of message is aa follows: President submitted proposal to Spain on March 27tK for an armistice with Cubans until October ist with a view* to adjustment of peace. President at same time insisted upon immediate revoca* tion of the order of reconcentration in Cuba. END OF NEGOTIATIONS. Spain replied on March 3ist offering to confide arrange* ttient of peace with Cuban insurgents to the Cuban Colon* ial Parliament; also agreeing to armistice if same were pro* posed by the insurgents. President terminated negotiations upon receipt of this reply. President holds that insurgent government cannot b recognized. 8 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. GROUNDS FOR CUBAN INTERVENTION. President recommends armed intervention in Cuba to restore order, upon grounds of (i) humanity; (2) protec tion to American life and property; (3) injury of hostilities to commerce; (4) menace of hostilities to United States peace; (5) vast expense to the United States in preventing filibustering. SPAIN RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAINE. President holds that destruction of Maine was outcome of Spanish inability to maintain order; states that Spain has proposed to submit question of cause and responsibility of Maine destruction to board of international experts, but that President has made no reply to this offer. President asks for Congressional authority to intervene to restore order in Cuba and to establish a stable govern ment. SUSPENSION OF HOSTILITIES TOO LATE. President announces that Spain has ordered suspension of hostilities in Cuba since the suspension of negotiations on part of President. CONSULAR REPORTS. Consular reports setting forth conditions in Cuba trans mitted with the message to Congress; reports indicate ex-* treme destitution of reconcentrados throughout the island* House and Senate refer both message and consular re ports to committees without debate. Galleries of both houses crowded during reading of trie" message; no demonstration during reading or at close. FORAKER S STRUGGLES FOR CUBAN INDE PENDENCE. Senator Foraker of Foreign Committee reported to be extreme and determined in struggle for recognition as well as intervention. Stormy meeting of House committee reported during consideration of message. Democrats of House Foreign Committee and Senators White, Gorman and Teller meet to consider Cuban action] Democrats reported disposed to make the Cuban recogni- tion a party measure. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, $3 Continued public demonstration in Madrid. BEEF FOR THE ARMY. Reported that Government has secured option on suffi cient Western cattle to feed army of 100,000 men for twelve months; action taken to defeat syndicate attempt ing to corner market. LEE S WELCOME. Consul-General Lee welcomed by public demonstrations on passage through Georgia. ^. TUESDAY, APRIL 12. LENTZ S ATTACK ON THE PRESIDENT. Many resolutions in both houses of Congress looking both to mere intervention and to recognition. Representative Lentz attacks vacillation of President McKinley and arraigns alleged " midnight conferences" with Senator Elkins and John J. McCook, who are alleged to represent interest of Cuban bondholders. Representative Grosvenor states that President intended by his message to request authority to establish independ ence in Cuba. POPULAR PRESSURE FOR WAR IN SPAIN. Press reports indicate crisis impending in Spain, with civil war imminent if the Cabinet does not yield to popular pressure for war; Cabinet divided in sentiment, Moret lead ing peace party and Gullon leading war party. Statement of Navy Department shows vessels now build ing to range in percentage of completion from 35 J to 94. GOMEZ TO JOIN THE ATTACK ON HAVANA. Reported that General Gomez is preparing for land at tack on Havana in conjunction with naval attack by the United States. F A irst battalion of New York naval reserves departs for ^League Island. Reported that President has endeavored to dissuade Consul-Genelal Lee from giving full testimony before Sen^ ate committee. , LEE ACCUSES SPANISH OFFICERS. tee testifies before Senate committee that the Maine was 7(5 A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. undoubtedly blown up by agency_of Spanish officers, with- out sanction or knowledge of General Blanco. Republican members of Ways and Means Committee of the House agree upon plan for raising war revenue by extra taxation of wine, beer, luxuries, etc.; also upon issue of war loan of $500,000,000. ++ WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1 13. HOUSE FOR INTERVENTION. House of Representatives, by vote of 322 to 19, passes resolution directing President to immediately intervene in G**ba to stop the war, restore peace and establish free and independent government. SENATE FOR INDEPENDENCE. Senate foreign committee reports resolution declaring that people of Cuba are and of right ought to be free, de manding that Spain relinquish authority in Cuba, and di-? recting the President to enforce this demand. Report of Senate committee, prepared by Davis, sharply arraigns Spanish failure to maintain order in Cuba and holds same responsible for the destruction of the Maine. Minority of House committee report resolution recog nizing the Republic of Cuba, directing the President to intervene in aid of the Republic, and authorizing immedi ate relief to the famine sufferers. ANNIVERSARY OF FORT SUMPTER. Day in the House is full of exciting incidents; fact re called that day is the anniversary of the firing on Fort Sumpter at the beginning of the Civil War; galleries crowded in both houses; populace besieging the Capitol for admission at daybreak. Motion looking to recognition of Cuban independence defeated in the House by vote of 190 to 146. LIABILITY FOR CUBAN BONDS. Sharp debate had in the Senate on liability of the United States for Cuban bonds in event of intervention. Senate asks State Department for all diplomatic corre spondence with Spain and for statement as to whether Cu-* ban independence has been demanded of Spain- A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. Democrats of House and Senate remain in close touch on Cuban action. SPANISH CONCESSIONS FOLLOWED BY AMERICAN AGGRESSION. Official note in Madrid states that Cabinet has decided not to recede from determination to maintain integrity of Spanish territory. Spanish press expresses impatience at policy of con cessions " always followed by further American aggres sions." Spanish press consider that Cuban insurrection would have been suppressed long since save for American inter ference and assistance. Proclamation of suspension of hostilities by General Blanco reported to be vague and incapable of execution. Spain gives order to English firm to supply all possible munitions of war until May 1st. General conviction prevails in New York stock exchange that Congressional resolutions will lead to war. SPANIARDS SELL JEWELS FOR WAR FUNDS. Spanish Cortes summoned to meet six days in advance of regular opening date. Entire Spanish press believes war inevitable. Leading Spanish families send jewels to London for sale in order to raise contributions for the national war fund. Queen Regent heads national subscription with dona tion of 1,000,000 pesetas. THE PARALLEL OF TEXAS AND HAWAII. Senate galleries crowded and thousands of people eager to hear speeches on Cuban resolutions turned away. Senator Hoar compliments Davis for ability manifested in preparation of report of foreign committee accompany* ing resolutions. Numerous speech es for and against "CuKan resolutions; .Turpie cites parallel of recognition of Texan independence when State contained only 800 inhabitants and of Hawaii when republic was only twenty-four hours old, European powers begin -excfiangg o{ notes, with view [Q InferseatiotU ^ 7f A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. British press considers war inevitable; Chronicle sug gests alliance of United States and Great Britain to effect freedom of Cuba by overwhelming display of force; same paper alleges common interest of United States and Great Britain in China. NEWS OF NAVY MOVEMENTS STOPPED. Navy Department prohibits anouncements of move> ments of warships. Bids opened for transportation of troops from Atlantic and Gulf ports to Cuba. One thousand mules ordered purchased for transporta-* tion purposes. VOLUNTEERS AND BUSINESS OCCUPATIONS. John iWanamaker assures employes volunteering for war of reinstatement at close of war and of other emolu-< ments during service or in event of death. American Ex press Company makes similar offer. (Similar offers and guarantees made in all parts of the .United States and in all lines of occupation during suc ceeding weeks.) Madrid press print inflammatory articles against the ex isting dynasty. Numerous Carlists and notorious revolu tionists arrested. : POPE PRAYS TO AVERT BLOODSHED. Pope Leo states after mass that he has prayed with fervor for averting war; desires to see his pontificate terminated without bloodshed; prays to be removed from earth that he may not behold bloodshed. TESTIMONY OF LEE AND SIGSBEE. Testimony of Consul Lee and Captain Sigsbee before Senate foreign committee published; Lee states belief that Maine explosion was due to agents of General Weyler; says Maine explosion was celebrated in various revelries by Spanish officers; asserts that Cuban insurgents have only a skeleton of a government wfth 31,000 to 32,000 armed men; that Spain has force of 55,000 to 56,000 in Cuba. Captain Sigsbee testifies that submarine mine causing explosion must have been too large to admit of being A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. & planted at night during presence of the Maine in Havana harbor. .THE WORD "INDEPENDENT 5 NOT USED. Reported that dispatches of President to Minister Wood- ford used word " stable" in place of " independent" in de< mand upon Spain; that word " independent" was intended but was not used by Minister Woodford in negotiations. FRIDAY, APRIL 15. (CUBAN RECOGNITION A PRESIDENTIAL FUNC TION. Nine speeches in the Senate for and against Cuban reo ognition. Senator Wolcott expresses apprehension of syndicates and commercialism taking advantage of chaotic state o government in Cuba. Reported that President McKinley will approve th~6 Congressional resolutions whether declaring for mere in< tervention or for recognition, but that he will decline to acl upon instructions for recognition, claiming latter to b.\ entirely the function of the President. ARMY CONCENTRATED IN THE SOUTH. Orders issued for concentration in the South of six cav* airy regiments ,.twenty-two infantry regiments and five light batteries of artillery; movements to be made as soon as possible; probable destination, Cuba; Major-General J. S. Brooke to command at Chickamauga. LEE AND VOLUNTEERS. "Reported that Consul-General Lee will be appointed Major-General of volunteers, to lead troops in Cuban in vasion. ; Reported that President will call for 50,00 volunteer* Spanish pretender Don Carlos declares his loyalty to ex-* isting order; will proceed against Government only if policg of humiliation is pursued. GOOD TARGET WORK OF FLYING SQUADRON, Navy Department decides to charter American line steamers Paris, New York, St. Louis an d St. Paul; com* tnanders assigned. 74 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. Naval militia in New York, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan and New Jersey ordered to be ready to man aux iliary navy. Newly acquired torpedo boat Somers puts in at English port because of leakage; crews refuse to proceed. Preliminary trial of flying so^idron off coast results in satisfactory target practice, excellent utility of rapid-fire guns and practical service ability of automatic loaders. SATURDAY, APRIL 16, SENAW VOTES FOR INDEPENDENCE. Senate, by a vote of 67 to 21, adopts resolution recog nizing the Cuban Republic, requiring Spanish withdrawal from the island, and United States interference to enforce both declarations. Senator White, in strong speech, opposes any action whatever looking to intervention in Cuba. Senator Elkins declares that Cuba, Porto Rico and the Philippines should be seized to secure indemnity for the war. Senator Thurston supports resolution, notwithstanding protest of Republicans on ground that resolution was of Democratic origination. INFLUENCE OF WILLIAM" J. BRYAN. Only two Democrats oppose recognition; 19 Republi cans oppose; Democratic unanimity ascribed by Republi cans to visit to Washington and activities of William J, Bryan, former Democratic candidate for President. Resolutions as adopted contain amendment by Teller disavowing intention of United States to declare sover-. eignty or jurisdiction over Cuba. RESIGNATION OF ROOSEVELT. Reported that Assistant Secretary of the Navy, Theodore Roosevelt, has tendered resignation in order to enter vol- unteer army service. Mob attacks United States Consulate at Malaga, Spain; .* . ff CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 15 v SUNDAY, APRIL 17. -* FEAR OF SAFETY OF THE OREGON. Committee of Cuban Colonial Parliament sets out to treat with insurgents as to suspension of hostilities and adjustment of terms of peace. Apprehension expressed that Spanish torpedo gunboat fTemerario, in port at Buenos Ayres, will attempt to disv able the United States battleship Oregon, en route from San Francisco. Bill prepared in War Department giving President au thority to call out 100,000 volunteers; protests of num erous companies of State militia against service under other than State officers causes change of department plans with reference to calling out the militia. DISTINGUISHED VOLUNTEERS. General Lew Wallace withdraws from candidacy for the United States Senatorship from Indiana and tenders war services to the President. (Numerous prominent citizens in all parts of the United States, in the days immediately succeeding, offered personal services, equipments of regi* ments, yachts, money, etc., to the President for the same purpose.) LEE FOR PRESIDENT. Reported that Tammany Hall, Cook county Democracy Of Illinois and Duckworth Club of Cincinnati are planning nomination of General Fitzhugh Lee for President on Democratic ticket in 1900. MONDAY, APRIL 18. CUBANS ARE AND OF RIGHT OUGHT TO BE FREE. House and Senate after numerous conferences adopt compromise resolutions declaring that the Cuban people "are and of right ought to be" free and independent; de- tnanding withdrawal of Spain from Cuba; directing Presi dent to carry resolutions into effect; disavowing intention of United States to exercise sovereignty or jurisdiction in Cuba, 76 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, 1 , Conference committee of House contends against adopt ing words " are and" in resolutions. Populists unanimously support the Senate resolution.. PRESS DISPATCH BOAT. Former filibustering vessel Dauntless released on bonds to act as dispatch boat of the Associated Press. President Frank Thompson of Pennsylvania Railroad Company summoned to Washington to act as special aid to Secretary of War in arranging army transportation. INDIAN OUTBREAKS. Many requests made upon department for troops to guard against possible Indian outbreaks following with drawal of regular army posts. (Numerous assignments .were made for this purpose during subsequent days.) Sick leave of Admiral Sicard revoked, and Sicard or dered to duty at office of Secretary of Navy. VESSELS RE-NAMED. . Auxiliary cruisers New York and Paris renamed Har vard and Yale respectively. (For rechristening of other vessels of auxiliary navy see tabulated statements under head of Auxiliary Navy.) POPULAR DISORDER IN SPAIN. Renewed popular disturbances at Valencia and else* xvhere in Spain. (Valencia is headquarters of large num ber of Carlists.) COAi; IS CONTRABAND. BritisH order that coal be considered contraband of war reported to be in compliance with desire of United States, to cripple operations of Spanish navy in the West Indies. Supply of coal for Spanish navy at Cape Verde reported short. Sales of stock s on New York exchange decline almost to smallest total recorded. ^ TUESDAY, APRIL 1 19. VOLUNTEERS TO BE CALLED OUT. Text of Congressional resolutions cabled to Minister iWoodford. i Reported that President has drafted note to Spain de- A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 77 manding answer not later than Saturday of current week as to United States demand for withdrawal from Cuba. Stated that owing to constitutional prohibition prevent ing State militia from service outside of the United States, the President will call for volunteers, giving the State militia the first opportunities of enlistment. FOREIGN VOLUNTEERS. Many British people apply at United States legation in England for enlistment as volunteers. (Volunteers were numerous subsequently in many portions of the world,, in cluding Greece, Australia and South Africa; numerous British officers sought commissions in the volunteer serv- ke.) Infantry, cavalry and artillery begin movement from many posts to concentration in the South; popular demon stration given in honor of departing troops at all points through which troops pass. "REMEMBER THE MAINE/ Cry of " Remember the Maine" greets troops at all points. (This cry subsequently became universal in con nection with army movements, naval battles, popular demonstrations . It was heard in the battle of Manila at the beginning of Dewey s attack.) SPAIN IN MEXICO. Texas " Rangers" ordered to concentrate on Mexican frontier to repel possible invisions from Mexico. (Subse quent information stated that Spanish agents were engaged in endeavoring to foster raids by Mexican frontiersmen-) EXORBITANT PRICES. Many tenders of war vessels made to Navy Department at exorbitant prices; attempts also were made to extort un-< reasonable charges for supplies and munitions of war. (Considerable official and popular indignation was felt at this action.) Majority of naval officers on detached or shore duty apply to be restored to sea service. CUBAN GRATITUDE. Cuban Junta issues statement expressing gratitude for the Congressional resolutions- 78 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. RESTRICTION OF THE WAR TO THE WESli INDIES. Reported that European powers are moving to have Spanish-American war confined to the West Indies. (Sub sequent authentic information stated that three European powers, presumably Austria, France and Germany, ap proached Great Britain with a view to co-operation to this end, but Great Britain peremptorily declined and the action was allowed to lapse.) Resolutions of inquiry introduced into Congress as to fate of 300 Americans left in Matanzas by Consul Brice upon latters withdrawal. BRITISH SUPPORT OF MONROE DOCTRINE. Sir Frederick Pollock of Oxford University publishes letter advocating British co-operation with the United States in support of the Monroe dictrine. (Public utter ances in Great Britain in behalf of united Anglo-American action were very numerous subsequently, culminating in the open declaration by Secretary Chamberlain earlv in May.) A CALAMITY. Government supporters in both branches of the Spanish 7 Cortes meet and ratify attitude of Premier Sagasta; latter Declares that charge of responsibility for the Maine disaster to Spain is calumnious. Spanish Republican party appeals to Castelar to join the parliamentary campaign. BILLS OF ARMY INCREASE. Bills for increase of military establishment of the United States introduced into both branches of Congress; bills provide for enlistment of the State militia as volunteers-^ bills provide for increase of regular army only^ while waje exists or is impending. -*^ - WEDNESDAY, APRIL 1 2<v THE LAST DEMAND. President McKinley transmits ultimatum to Spairi a$ previously outlined; copy of ultimatum is delivered tQ Bganish Minister Bernabe* A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 79 BERNABE S PASSPORTS. Spanish Minister Bernabe demands and is given his passports. Spanish Cortes opens; Queen Regent reads speech from the throne; blames United States for violation of peaceful attitude; declares against concessions of United States de mands, and calls for popular support of throne of her son. SPAIN WILL NOT ACCEDE. Republican minority agrees to support necessary war measures. " Strange and touching seriousness reported to be over hanging the Cortes proceedings. House of Representatives, without division, passes bill authorizing President McKinley to call for volunteers. SPAIN S NAVAL PLANS. Reported that Spanish navy plans scattered attacks on comparatively undefended United States ports. More than 1000 physicians apply to the Surgeon-General of the army for appointment as volunteers. Governor Atkinson of Georgia announces that he will lead the Georgia mMitia. (Numerous other State Gov ernors or officials made similar announcements subse quently.) Affairs of Spanish legation at Washington consigned to care of Austrian and French legations. (Owing to protest of United States against dual representation, Austria and France subsequently agreed upon formal division of juris- diction of Spanish interests.) Bill introduced in Congress exempting from annual mining assessment all miners volunteering for war service.- (This bill was passed and approved.) THE MYSTBRY OF THE CAPE VERDE FLEET. Reported that Spanish fleet has sailed west from Cape iVerde. (Numerous conflicting reports as to the sailing and destination of this fleet were published during subse quent weeks; both official and press circles were baffled as to its whereabouts until it was finally and definitely re ported off the Island of Martinique in the French Indies.) 80 |L CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. BREAD RIOTS AND GRAIN DUTIES. Much anxiety reported felt in Europe over possible short grain supply owing to Spanish-American war. (The price of wheat advanced subsequently to high levels as indicated in table appended herewith causing bread riots in several European countries and the suspension of im posts on grain imports in Spain, France, Italy and Austria.) ^^ THURSDAY, APRIL 21. PASSPORTS TO WOODFORD. Spam issues passports to United States Minister Wood- ford, prior to delivery by latter of ultimatum from Presi dent McKinley; note accompanying the passports states that Spain considers the Congressional resolutions equiva lent to a declaration of war. DIPLOMACY WITHOUT A CIPHER* Reported (with many verifications) that ultimatum oK President McKinley, transmitted to Minister Woodford in English, instead of in the customary diplomatic cipher, was withheld over night by the Spanish Cabinet and considered by them. RESPONSIBLITY FOR BREACH OF PEACE. President s ultimatum allows Spain until noon of SaN tirday, April 23d, for reply. ""* Official statement issued that further diplomatic rela tions with Spain are unnecessary, and placing responsibility for breach of peace upon Spain. BLOCKADE OF CUBA. Atlantic squadron of the navy, under Rear-Admiral Sampson, ordered to proceed at once to blockade the northern and a portion of the southern coast of Cuba; squadron ordered to capture or destroy all Spanish vessels. Atlantic squadron departs from Key West at 2 130 A. M WOODFORD AND CONSULS LEAVE SPAIN. Minister Woodford instructs Consul-General Bowne at Barcelona to order withdrawal of all consuls in Spanish" territory. ; Affairs of United. States legation at Madrid consigned to the British legation* A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. 81 Minister Woodford withdraws from Spain, accompanied by staff of legation. (During subsequent passage through Spain of train bearing Woodford and staff the Spanish populace frequently assaulted the conveyances.) THE SITUATION IN SPAIN. Spanish Foreign Minister declares in the Cortes that re Jations with the United States have been terminated. Marshal Campos makes patriotic speech in Cortes, de claring that integrity of Spanish territory will be main tained. Spanish naval squadron at Cape Verde Islands reported to be awaiting orders, with fires banned. Call for 80,000 Spanish reserves authorized. National subscription in behalf of Spain opened in Paris. (Similar subscriptions were opened in many countries sub sequently; they were stopped in Great Britain; efforts to check them nearly precipitated internal dissension in Uru guay.) THE PHILIPPINES. Orders reported cabled to Commodore Dewey to embark From Hongkong with fleet, presumably for demonstration before Manila in the Philippines. Expected that full naval program will be put in operation not later than Sunday, April 24th. Arrangement made in War Department for calling out of 100,000 volunteers. NO PRIVATEERING. Announced in British Parliament that the United States lias given notice of intention to observe the terms of the Declaration of Paris in regard to vessels of neutral powers, during the war with Spain. TREASURY CONDITION. Cash balance on hand in the United States Treasury, $220,479,165; gold reserve, $180,015,560. Resolutions introduced into House of Representatives for coinage of bullion in Treasury and for issue of legal tender notes to provide war revenue. Captain-General Blanco issues call to Cubans and Spaa* iards to unite in defense of the island* 82 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. ^Resignation of Postmaster-General Gary; appointment of Charles Emory Smith of Philadelphia as successor to Cary. Cargo of 1 200 mutes and horses on vessel Catalina bound for Spanish army in Cuba seized at New Orleans. Senate and House pass resolutions giving President power to prohibit export of coal and munitions of war. GREAT BRITAIN AND THE EUROPEAN POWERS Paris Temps asks if Great Britain intends to disassociate itself from European powers and co-operate with the United States. Henry White, secretary of the United States legation to Great Britain, reported to be in Washington for com pleting certain unspecified negotiations pending with Great Britain ^negotiations presumed to relate to AniH ^Ameri can alliance. FRIDAY, APRIL 22. FIRST SEIZURE. Spanish steamship Buena Ventura, laden with lumber, bound for Cuba, seized by the United States warship isashville. (Many seizures followed, a list of them being given in the appended tables.) Reported that Cubans familiar with the Cuban waters have been engaged for pilots of the fleet blockading the Cuban coast. DEWEY LEAVES HONGKONG. Commodore Dewey s fleet clears from Hongkong, acv companied by two British colliers recently purchased; cruiser Baltimore joins the fleet. THE MONTSERRAT. Spanish steamer Montserrat, with cargo of money, arms and ammunition, reported cleared from Canary Islands for Cuba. American line steamer Paris, chartered by the navy, leaves Southampton, with passengers for New York; ap prehension expressed that vessel will be seized by Spain. & CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 83 BLOCKADE PROCLAIMED. President proclaims blockade of north coast of Cuba, between Cardenas and Bahia Honda, and of south coast, port of Cienfuegos. Order of Knights of Maccabees issues dispensation mak* ing order liable for benefit funds- to members killed as vol unteers during war. (Fraternal orders of all denomina tions made similar orders subsequently.) President signs call for 125,000 volunteers. Rock Island arsenal ordered to prepare at once field Equipments for 75,000 men. Navy Department submits bill to Congress authorizing Enlistment of volunteers from naval reserves, etc. Reported that administration intends to seize Hawaiian Islands as coaling station, etc., the Hawaiian Government approving. (Subsequently reports stated that President Dole bore with him from recent visit to Washington a bill Drafted by the administration to be acted upon by Hawaiian Congress, looking to annexation to or jjrotectorate of United States in event of Spanish-American war. Sympa-< thy for the United States on the part of the Hawaiian pub-^ lie was very pronounced on all occasions, especially on the victory of Dewey at Manila. Volunteer troops for United States service were raised, coal supplies were accumulated^ and various other official and semi-official acts were under-* taken in the islands.) OBSERVES THE DECLARATION OF PARIS. Formal note as to observation of the Declaration o! Paris addressed to European powers by the United States* Reported in Great Britain that Spain has declined to observe the declaration; Spanish press declares that Spairi ,will renounce the right of privateering*. CO-OPERATION WITH CUBAN INSURGENTS, IWar Department inquires needs of the Cuban insurgents lor the conduct of the war and the assistance of the United States in the repulsion of Spain, (Co-operation between the United States and the insurgents was complete from this time, the insurgent representatives placing all their: resources at the command pf the United States, an d the U A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. United States dispatching several preliminary expeditions of inquiry, etc., to the camps of Generals Gomez and Gar- ia.) THE QUESTION OF COAL SUPPLY. Believed in Washington that the Spanish fleet will not hasten departure from Cape Verde because of scarcity of coal. (Scarcity of the Spanish coal supply was frequently emphasized in subsequent reports and speculations as to the movements of the fleet.) Great Britain gives notice that coal will be considered contraband of war; Spain requests Italy not to declare coal contraband. Reported and denied that Spanish torpedo boat Temef- ario has withdrawn from Buenos Ayres for attack upon the United States steamship Oregon. (The Temerario was frequently reported as having withdrawn from this port, but did not do so during the voyage of the Oregon.) SPANISH MILITARY DICTATORSHIP. Reported that in event of failure of the existing ministry in Spain, Marshal Campos will be called upon to form a military dictatorship. Populace in all Spanish provinces make runs on banks to exchange currency for silver; Madrid and Barcelona bourses in panic; marked fall in Bank of Spain and other securities. Best informed members of Spanish Cortes reported ex pecting unfavorable outcome of the war; same blame the administration for not being prepared. SATURDAY, APRIL 23. Apprehension expressed in Washington lest capture of Spanish vessel Buena Ventura war not having been for mally declared prove contrary to international law. i GERMAN PRESS. German press almost unanimously imputes selfish and base motives to the United States in the current sitation. (This attitude was maintained consistently by a portion of the German press for a long period. It was temporarily, checked by the victory of Dewey at Manila.) & CHRONICLE OP THE WAB. 83 Censorship of telegrams between Key West and Ha* Vana established. House of Representatives passes a bill for the reorgani* zation of the army. (See outline in appended tables.) CALL FOR VOLUNTEERS. President McKinley issues call for 125,000 volunteers to serve two years, to be furnished from each State in pro portion fixed by the War Department. (See appended tables.) Temporary army corps formed at Chickamauga; Briga- dier-General Shafter assigned to command concentration at New Orleans; Coppinger at Mobile; Wade at Tampa. PARTIES AND "WAR REVENUE MEASURES. Measure providing special taxation_to provide revenue for the prosecution of the war introduced into the House by the Ways and Means Committee; measure provides for bond issues and special currency issues; Democrats oppose and protest the measure because Democratic members of jWays and Means Committee were not consulted during the preparation of the measure. BOND ISSUE AND INCOME TAX. Democrats of the committee propose an income tax in lieu of the bond issue. Naval militia of several States assigned to auxiliary ves sels. Reported existence on Havana wharves of 85,000 tons of coal. APPEALS FOR EUROPEAN INTERVENTION. \ Frequent communications pass between Spain and Eu^ ropean powers as to the existing war. (In most of the ne gotiations up to this date and subsequently Austria took the initiative in response to Spain s appeals, and endeav ored to persuade other powers, especially Germany and Italy, to co-operate in some manner of intervention. It was reported at one time and subsequently denied that Emperor Franz Josef of Austria had made a personal con tribution to the Spanish defense fund. TheJPope also took the lead frequently in similar negotiations, cp-operating with Austria.) 6 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. SPAIN S CONDUCT OF WAR. Spain publishes decree outlining conduct of war amf defining contraband material; decree pledges the issuing of no letters of marque. (See outline of decree in appended tables.) ANTI-BRITISH FEELING IN SPAIN. Much indignation expressed in Spain against Great Bri^ tain on ground that Great Britain has secret and ulterior agreement with the United States. (Anti-British feeling increased constantly in Spain until British vessels consid^ ered it unsafe to land their crews at Spanish ports. The* feeling was much intensified by the open declaration of British Secretary Chamberlain in behalf of an Anglo* [American alliance. The Spanish press and officials were openly hopeful thereafter of a continental alliance, to kn elude Spain, against the Anglo-American alliance.) ^^ , SUNDAY, APRIL 24, FIRST SHOT. Morro Castle at Havana fires on the United States blockading fleet without result United States fleet makes no response. NEUTRAE NATIONS. Great Britain makes formal declaration of neutrality an<3 notifies all vessels of belligerent powers to leave BritisK ports within forty-eight hours. (The following powers subsequently proclaimed neutrality: France, Italy, Nether-i lands, Switzerland, Norway-Sweden, Russia, Colombia, (Japan, China, Siam, Portugal, Great Britain, Mexico, Jiayti, Argentine, Brazil, Belguim, Uruguay, Greece.) FEELING AGAINST FRANCE. Many French ship owners and some private French citf-i fcens apply for Spanish letters of marque. (This action, to gether with other manifestations of sympathy with Spain, especially the unfavorable attitude of the press toward the United States, created the impression that France was hos tile to the United States. Much feeling was aroused in the .United States against France, culminating in a concerted movement by; women to boycott all French products, i*- A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 8t eluding articles of attire and fashion. The fact that FrencK financiers held heavy investments in Spanish bonds w . * subseqneutly set forth as one of the motives of the t i li* porary hostility.) PORTUGAL AND THE CAPE VERDE FLEET. Portuguese press manifests friendship for Spain. (Sub sequently a delay in the proclamation of neutrality led to the impression that Portugal was acting in the interest of Spain; especial interest attached to the matter because of the presence of the Spanish fleet at the Portuguese Cape (Verde Islands. Portugal denied acting in behalf of Spain.) War Department decides to denominate the volunteer troops as " United States Volunteers." MONDAY, APRIL 25. DECLARATION OF WAR. President McKinley transmits message to Congress recommending declaration of war to date from April 2ist. Senate and House of Representatives pass resolutions Declaring war to have existed with Spain since April 21 St.. Bill passed in both houses without division. Portugal notifies tlie Spanish fleet to leave Cape Verde Islands. PHILIPPINE REBELS. Reported that Philippine rebel chief Aguinaldo has ar- ranged to sail with Dewey for the Philippines to co-operate with Dewey in the subjugation of the Spanish forces. (Aguinaldo did not sail with Dewey, but sailed subse quently under United States protection under agreement to hold action of rebels subject tolclirection of Dewey.) CARRANZA S CHALLENGE. - Lieutenant Raymond de Carranza, formerly naval at-< tache of the Spanish legation to the United States, chal lenges Consul-General Lee to a duel. (This challenge was not heeded by General Lee, but a number of citizens of fered to accept it in his stead. Their offers were not heeded bv Carranza.) 88 A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. Spanish Republicans endeavor to induce Castelar to lead movement for a republic. ROCKY MOUNTAIN RIFLEMEN. Reported that Asistant Secretary of the Navy will be appointed Lieutenant-Colonel of a regiment of mounted riflemen to be organized in the Rocky Mountains. (Ivoosc- velt received this appointment and the regiment was or ganized.) r Commander John A. Wynne, retired, appointed prize commissioner to adjust seizures of vessels in Cuban block ade and elsewheie. INCREASE OF SEAMEN IN NAVY. Senate passes naval appropriation bill allowing Milist- tnent of increased force during war; Senate also passes army reorganization with amendments as agreed to Ly conference with House committee. QUOTAS FOR VOLUNTEERS. War Department issues call for quota of volunteer i from all Sta e:. and Territories. SHERMAN RESIGNS. Secretary of State John Sherman resigns because of fail ing health. (Secretary Sherman had been practically un able to attend to his full official duties for many months past, and these matters were left largely in the hands of Asistant Secretary Day.) . TUESDAY, APRIL 1 26. THE SOMERS ABANDONED. Torpedo boat Somers abandoned in English port because 6f failure to complete repairs prior to British declaration of neutrality. Madrid El Liberal, organ of ministry, intimates thai Spanish policy will be to act in defense of territory, nof withdrawing from same to engage the United States until first attacked. RUNNING ;THE BLOCK.ADE. Reported that Spanish steamer Montserrat has run trie Cuban blockade, landed cargo and escaped. (Spain sub sequently claimed that the Montserrat ran the blockade A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 81 three times; it was reported that this fact would be used by, Spain to protest to the European powers that the blockade \vas not effective. The commander of the Montserrat was given a public ovation upon his return to Madrid after the alleged third running of the blockade.,) AFTER THE FIRST CONFLICT. Reported that Austria and Germany have agreed to m tervene after first serious encounter of the war. (Similar reports were frequent even after the battle of Manila, The new Cabinet in Spain late in May declared that such in tervention was entirely likely.) Spanish forces abandon Moron Jucaco trocha in Cuba to the insurgents. (The Spaniards subsequently practi cally abandoned all interior strongholds and concentrated forces on the coast.) UNITED STATES CONDUCT OF THE WAR. President McKinley issues proclamation defining United States conduct of the war, including policy as to privateer-. ing. i A NEW SECRETARY OF STATE. William R. Day of Ohio appointed Secretary of State; John Bassett Moore of Columbia University appointed Assistant Secretary of State. (The affairs of tie State De partment, owing to the illness of Secretary Sherman, had been largely in Mr. Day s hands as assistant secretary for many months.) AN INCOME TAX. Measure to provide revenue for the conduct of the war submitted from the House Committee on Ways and Means; Bailey presents Democratic substitute for l-oik! issue provision of the measure, substitute providing an income tax and directing coinage of the seignorage in tbe t Treasury. Explosion destroys portion of California Powder Works, engaged in manufacture of Government material. (Stis- ptcion of Spanish agency attached to this explosion, but no conclusive evidence to that effect was obtained.^ BO A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. WEDNESDAY, APRIL 27. (THE MATANZAS ENGAGEMENT AND SPANISH MARKSMANSHIP. Spanish batteries at Matanzas fire upon United States blockading fleet; United States vessels New York, Puritan and Cincinnati return the fire; Spanish batteries silenced within twenty minutes; Spanish guns fail to hit the United States vessels. (This failure of Spanish marksmanship was noted in numerous subsequent engagements, including the battle of Manila; the crews of the defeated fleet at Manila stated that they had had no target practice for two years.) " GUAGE BUOYS." (The Spanish errancy in this regard finally led to the placing of " gauge buoys" indicating the shooting range from the fortifications; the Spanish guns reserved their fire until the {United States vessels reached the buoys. Severe damage: was done to the United States torpedo boat Winslow byj this strategy.) Hongkong (Dewey s) fleet sails from Mirs bay, China, for Manila; Consul-General Williams states th at Philip-* pine rebels surround Manila. Reported that Spanish fleet sailed from Cape Verde on Kpril 26th. [FUTURE INTERNATIONAL 1 POLICY; OF. THE UNITED STATES. German Socialist Democratic Leader Liebkneckt de> clares that the United States has overstepped its traditional policy of neutrality and will not end its interference in iiii ternational affairs with the dispute with Spain. (Appre^ hension of the possible future international policy of the 5 (United States became universal in European countries from this time and added much to the agitation for a continental alliance. The victory of Dewey at Manila and the probable necessity of the retention of the islands seemed to confirm the European apprehension.) PRIZE COURT. court D! inquiry convenes at Jacksonville, & JRo\ri Patterson as ^resident. r ^ A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 91 HELEN GOULD S GIFT. / Helen Gould, daughter of the late^noted financier, Gould, tenders $100,000 to the Government for use in de- faying the expenses of the war. SPANISH SEIZURE. American bark Saranac captured off the Philippines by, the Spanish naval vessels. (This was the only seizure of importance reported by the Spanish navy.) RESPONSE OF THE MILITIA. Militia of all States respond to call for volunteers. (This response was prompt, most^tates reporting ready to re spond to summons for service within forty-eight hours. In some instances companies and regiments protested against enlistment except upon guarantee of being able to retain their own officers; in several instances where this was not guaranteed the regiments refused to enlist, notably in the case of the " famous Seventh" Regiment of New York. In one State the refusal of a company to enlist was fol lowed by their summary disbandment by the Governor, women and girls seizing the men s uniforms and desiring to enlist in their places.) Debate on the war revenue measure begun in the Housd of Representatives; absence of partisan feeling noted; Dem ocrats and Populists consistently opposed and voted against the bond issue. .President McKinley signs the army reorganization bill. BANKERS AND THE BOND ISSUE. Secretary of the Treasury Gage consults with New YorS 6ankers with reference to proposed bond issue; bankers signify desire to have bonds bear 3^ per cent interest; Gage insists that only 3 per cent will be allowed. Spanish press declares that tardiness of United States iff beginning actual hostilities indicates weakness. THURSDAY, APRIL 28. GERMANY AND THE PHILIPPINES, ^ State Department unofficially advised that Germany will interfere with bombardment of Manila. (This rumor was 92 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. . persistently repeated against German denials. German interest in the Philippines and probable action antagonistic to United States retention of the islands was continuously emphasized in press reports.) TROOPS ORDERED TO TAMPA. Troops ordered from Chickamauga, New Orleans and Mobile to Tampa; presumably to prepare for immediate invasion of Cuba. (Concentration of troops and other preparations for Cuban invasion continued at Tampa until the arrival of the Spanish fleet at Martinique, when they \vere temporarily suspended.) Eight large steamers chartered to convey troops to Cuba. (A total number of thirty transport ships were ultimately^ engaged for this purpose.) Spanish fleet at Philippines puts into Subig bay north of Manila. (The fleet was ordered back to Manila immedH ately prior to the arrival of Dewey s fleet.) Naval bureau chiefs decide to invite bids for three battle ships similar to the Illinois. FOREIGN AMERICAN VOLUNTEERS. Secretary Alger refuses to modify allotment of volunteer call among States in response to requests of Congressmen and others. Colony of Russian Jewish farmers in New Jersey volun teers for war service. (Volunteers were offered from all classes of foreign Americans, including a completely, equipped regiment of experienced Canadian Americans.) COMPARATIVE MERITS OK NAVIES. British naval critic W. Laird Clowes declares Spanisfi navy superior to the United States navy in torpedo flotilla, but weaker in larger craft; considers natural and acquired fighting qualities of Americans superior; thinks Spain can not afford to risk her ships in American harbors. (Clowes opinion was repeated in effect by other British naval ex< perts, including Sir Philip Columb.) Porto Rico reported to have received sufficient supplies to withstand a siege of two months. ^ Rush order issued by War Department for six additional disappearing gun carriages. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 83 PROTEST AGAINST TONNAGE TAX. Protest offered in British Parliament against provision for tonnage tax on merchant marine in war revenue bill pending in the United States Congress. (This protest was promptly recognized and the provision was omitted from the bill by the Senate.) Rush order for 200 13-inch projectiles of weight of noo pounds each issued by Navy Department. (This order was filled by May 22d, when 100 of the projectiles were for warded to the fleet of Admiral Sampson in Cuban waters.]) Officially announced in Spain that the fleet has with* clrawn from Cape Verde. BRITISH SENTIMENT NOT DIVIDED. Denied that British sentiment is divided against th tf United States. (The reports were circulated freely that British sentiment was reacting in favor of Spain. This re* port was actively combated by Alfred Harmsworth of the London press, who showed by percentage count a large preponderance of opinion in favor of the United States, even among Tories. Hostility to the United States seemed to have entirely vanished by the time of the Bit* mingham speech by Secretary Chamberlain.) SPANISH REPORTS OF AMERICAN REVERSES, Spanish official dispatches declare defeat and repulse of [United States fleet at Matanzas. (The repulse of the United States fleet was reported from Spain in connection with every engagement except the battle of Manila. False re^ ports were persistently given out by Captain-General Blanco ^presenting many disasters to United States ves-? sels.) Price of wheat reported higher in England than within twenty years past. . +$+ FRIDAY, APRIL 29. [Anxiety felt in Navy Department lest Spanish fleet from Cape Verde attempt to overhaul the battleship Oregon en route north on South American coast. SPANISH SPIES AND THE SECRET SERVICE. United States Secret Service in all parts of the coutU*& 94 A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. instructed to watch for Spanish spies. (Two suspects had been arrested up to date. Numerous r>:rests on suspicion ensued from this date. Former Spanish Minister Bernabe, who had withdrawn to Canada, appeared to be directing an elaborate system of spies fron> Canadian territory. Bei> nabe was finally requested to withdraw from Canada.) A RECONNOISANCE. {Admiral Sampson advises Navy Department of attack on Matanzas; brevity of advices indicates that attack was merely a reconnoisance. Reported that Spanish General Parrado in Havana hag perfected plan for re-conquest of Florida. FIRING OFF NEW ENGLAND COAST. Heavy gun-firing heard off Quoddy Heads, Mass. (Re ports of this character from the New England coast were frequent during subsequent days, usually leading to belief that portion of Spanish fleet was off the coast in pursuance of the announced plan of Spain to attack American coast cities instead of defending Cuba.) Reports from Porto Rico indicate famine and violent disorder, with arbitrary efforts of Spanish authorities to suppress the disaffection. LOYALTY OF SOUTHERN STATES. Noted in New Orleans that ex-Confederates are most tvilling volunteers in response to President s call. (The co operation of the South in the movement against Spain was assured in various speeches in Congress and emphasized by Consul-General Lee in his public utterances at the ova tions tendered him on his return from Qriba. At no time was any disaffection expressed, except by General Wade Hampton some time prior to the war and when war was not expected, Hampton stating that the South was too busy with reconstruction to be interested in martial af fairs.) WAR REVENUE BILL PASSED. House passes war revenue bill by vote of 181 to 131; Democratic motion to strikeout provision for bond issue defeated by vote of 134 to 173. A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR, 8 WAR DEFICIENCY. Secretary of War transmits estimate of deficiency of $34,019,997 for balance of fiscal year, due to war expendi tures. PRICES ADVANCE. Lack of excitement or nervousness and interruption in trade circles owing to war noted by trade journals. Con tinued marking up of prices of all classes of commodities noted by trade journals. NO NAVAL NEWS. Secretary of War issues sweeping instructions to dei partment against gjving out information of naval move-* ments. SATURDAY, APRIL 30. Reported that European powers expect occupation of Philippines as one of first acts of the United States and that the powers do not contemplate interference* Navy Department expects false reports of Dewey s ao tions at Manila because of control of cables by the Spanish authorities. (The first advices of Dewey s victory on the subsequent day were received through Spanish sources, the reports showing no endeavor to belittle the victory.) RUSSIA AND THE PHILIPPINES, "Reported that Russia is not likely to allow the United States to retain the Philippines . (This report was circulated subsequently with the same persistency as was the report of German intentions. Russia made no official announce* ments in the matter.) Battleship Oregon arrives safely at Rio Janeiro, having made average record of nf knots from Callao. German press publishes reports of many disasters $ United States warships. (The German press continued re ports of this character; it was also usually twelve hours tardy in reports of authentic news; it maintained unfavor* able opinion of the United States navy, varying the opin* ion for a short while subsequent to battle at Manila.) LATINS VS. ANGLO-SAXONS, Paris, Rome and Portuguese greas $o1nt e&t tEaf 96 A CHRONICLE OF TUB V7AR, ish-American war is a conflict between Latins and Anglo jSaxons; German papers show disposition on this account to favor the Anglo-American alliance. Papal nuncios in Germany reported as stating that th Pope acted in Spanish-American matter on misinforma tion; he should have asked that Cuba be ceded to the Pope, the Pope to give the islands to the Cubans. A NEW DjlEIBUND. German Socialist Liebknecht declares that a new Drei- bund, including Great Britain, United States and Japan is springing into existence. (This triple alliance was fre quently mentioned in press and diplomatic circles subse quently.) GERMAN COMMERCE. Wheat advances in Germany to 221 marks. Many American orders with German exporters counter* tnanded. ( This movement subsequently became so exten sive that German exporters made great efforts to counter act the anti- American sentiment throughout Germany; they succeeded in altering the hostile attitude of numerous important newspapers.) Quartermaster and commissary officers for the volun teers assigned. ENGAGEMENT AT CABANAS MASKED BAT TERIES. Spanish batteries at Cabanas fire at the United States blockading fleet; fleet returns fire, silencing Spanish bat teries after first shot. (Numerous small engagements of this character ensued during the blockade, the Spanistf forces frequently firing from masked batteries. The United States vessels were surprised several times by the existence of the masked batteries.) .^H. SUNDAY, MAY i. THE BATTLE OF MANILA. United States fleet, under Commodore Dewey, com pletely defeats and destroys Spanish fleet in Manila harbor, under Admiral Montijo, after sharp and furious battle, last ing two hours. (Subsequent advices from Dewey state the & CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, 97 United States vessels were almost uninjured and that only eight men were wounded, none being killed or fatally wounded. Subsequent Spanish estimates placed the Span ish loss at 300 killed and between 600 and 700 wounded. f The skillful maneuvering of the United States vessels and the bad markmanship of the Spanish guns, both on the vessels and in the forts, account for the immunity of the United States ships and men.) DEWEY S GREAT VICTORY. During the engagement Dewey destroyed the Spanish naval station Cavite and the fortifications a the entrance to the bay of Manila; then occupied Cavite and established complete blockade of the harbor, reporting himself in po sition to capture the city of Manila at any time. POPULAR RESENTMENT IN SPAIN. Early dispatches in Madrid claim that the battle of Ma- m la was a Spanish victory, but upon subsequent reversal of the report excited crowds gathered in the streets threat ening riot. (Riots subsequently followed throughout Spain. iThe protest of the public against the defeat of Admiral Monti jo and the annihilation of his fleet was aggravated by outbreak of bread riots. Martial law and military disci pline were required to suppress the disorders, together with official repeal of the import tax upon grains and many ex tensive philanthropic plans for the relief of the sufferers from the high prices of grain and bread. For some time immediate revolution, with overthrow of the dynasty, seemed imminent. The movement culminated, apparntly, in the resignation of the existing ministry and the appoint ment of a Cabinet pledged to most vigorous foreign an.d colonial measures.) EFFECTS OF JHE VICTORY Opinion reported prevailing in Washington official cir cles that decisive victory of Dewey presages early termina tion of the war; also increase of United States prestige abroad, and establishment of European sympathy with the United States. HURRYING THE CUBAN INVASION. Reported that Dewey s victory will hasten the bombaiu. 98 A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. ment of Havana and the invasion of Cuba. (The invasion of Cuba was subsequently postponed to permit of greater? concentration of troops in the South for the purpose, and again postponed owing to the uncertainty as to the loca tion of the Spanish fleet from Cape Verde, and still again owing to the definite news of the arrival of the Cape Verde fleet in West Indian waters. United States naval and mili tary preparations and- movements subsequent to this date were on a comprehensive scale. They are indicated in the tables of army and navy organization and mobilization ap pended hereto.) -* MONDAY, MAY 2. SPANISH BRAVERY. Additional advices indicate that the Spanish crews af Manila fought with great bravery. (Commodore Dewey f and other officers and men of the United States fleet ex pressed their congratulations to Admiral Montijo and his men for their gallant resistance.) PRAISE FOR DEWEY. Universal admiration expressed in England for the dar ing and strategy of Dewey. (This admiration took the form of most elaborate enconiums, ranking Dewey among the world s great naval commanders, " a worthy successor of Perry and Farragut." The enconiums were also ex- tended by German officials, including Emperor William who remarked after perusing accounts, of the battle that there " evidently is something in these Yankees besides smartness and commercialism." AMERICAN CREWS. Conviction expressed in Washington that the battle of Manila disproves European contention that heterogeneity; of crews of United States navy would operate to prevent discipline and effective fighting power. Four German warships reported already en route or dis- patched to the Philippines. (European powers were sub sequently reported as looking with disfavor upon this movement.) A CHRONICLE OF THE WAE. . TRANSPORTATION. War ^Department intimates to all railroads that it will not pay more -than one cent per mile passenger fare for the transportation of troops. (This was the rate paid during the Civil War.) IMMUNES TO YELLOW FEVER. Senate passes bills for enlistment of brigade of volunteer engineers and of 10,000 special volunteers who are immune to yellow fever. (These bills passed both houses and be came laws.) THE LAST OF THE MAINE. Reported that Spanish authorities have blown up the hull of the battleship Maine, remaining in Havana harbor. TUESDAY, MAY 3. .CONTENTIONS IN THE SPANISH CORTES. Extraordinary excitement attends reopening of the Spanish Cortes; Republican leader. Professor Salmoren, passionately demands explanation of the disaster at Ma nila; Republicans and Carlists violently demonstrative. (Republicans and Carlists led the criticism of the Govern ment until theformation of the new ministry late in the month. Both parties made speeches directed toward the overthrow of the existing dynasty. Weyler, the former Captain-General of Cuba, was associated in one manner or another with the campaign of these parties, being an nounced at one time as a member of the provisional min istry formed by Don Carlos in the event of his seizure of the throne.) EXPEDITION TO THE PHILIPPINES. Mobilization of 10,000 volunteers at. San Francasco or tiered at once; the cruiser Charleston, at Mare Island Navy lYard, ordered to hasten preparations for departure to the Philippines to the relief of Dewey (San Francisco from this time became the center of a general movement for th<* re-enforcement of Dewey.) Tests by cable company indicate that the cable to Manil? was cut prior to the Manila battle at a point about fift$ fifty miles from shore. (Subsequent advices stated that 100 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. the cable was cut by Commodore Dewey. Dewey s official advices of the Manila battle were forwarded to Hongkong by the dispatch boat McCulloch and cabled from that point to Washington.) DISPOSITION OF THE PHILIPPINES. European diplomats at Washington discuss the probable disposition of the Philippines after the present occupation by the United States. REFUGE FOR THE QUEEN REGENT. Reported that Spanish Queen Regent and her family hi Austria (Emperor Franz Josef being the brother) are cor responding as to advisability of Queen Regent abdicating the regency to save the throne for her son, the present King. (Rumors to this effect, together with rumors that quarters had been prepared for the reception of the Span ish royal family in event of forced flight from Spain in Austria, were persistently circulated and as persistently] denied throughout April and May.) ^. . WEDNESDAY, MAY 4. SAMPSON S FLEET SETS SAIU United States fleet, under Admiral Sampson, sails from Key West, presumably to meet Spanish fleet from Cape Verde or to capture the Spanish coal supplies at San Juan de Porto Rico before the arrival of the Cape Verde fleet. (Sampson subsequently bombarded or engaged the forts at San Juan, but did not capture the Spanish coal sup plies.) ARMY APPOINTMENTS. President nominates eleven Major-Generals of the army, including seven Brigadier-Generals and four civilians; civ ilians include former Consul-General Fitzhugh Lee. (These were the first of a long list of nominations in army and navy made by the President in placing the army upon a war footing. A complete list of the appointments is ap^ pended.) FOREIGN NAVAL AND MILITARY OBSERVA TIONS. Numerous foreign military and naval representatives ar> A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR, 101 rive in Washington to accompany United States troops and vessels in war movements, for the purpose of observa tion. EXTRAORDINARY ILLUSTRATION OE SEA" POWER. British Vice-Admiral, Sir Philip Howard Columb, de- clares the battle of Manila the most extraordinary illustra tion of sea power ever made, and considers. that the United States navy, after the success at Manila, is not likely to be willing to accept subordinate rank among the navies of the .world. THURSDAY, MAY 5. ,. EXPANSION OF NATIONAL 1 TERRITORY, i Senator Gorman quoted as stating that Hawaii and tlie! Philippine Islands are necessary to the naval power and commerce of the United States in the Orient; Senator Lodge quoted as urging similar views. (The absorption of the Hawaiian and Philippine Islands rapidly became a subject of general discussion after this time, eventually in dicating the possible rise of a general political issue on the expansion of United States terirtory. NATIONS PERMIT ANNEXATION OF HAWAII, Japanese Minister at Washington states, after confer* ence at the State Department, that Japan will accept Ha waiian annexation to the United States in a friendly spirit, (Prior announcement that Great Britain had no intention whatever to seek interest in the islands, together with this declaration by Japan, freed the question of the annexation of the islands by the United States from international com< plications. A report was published, entirely without con- formation, that in the settlement of the peace with Spain, [Germany would demand one of the Hawaiian Islands, a coaling station in the Philippines and the cession of Samoa in entirety as condition of acceding to the retention of thg (Philippines by the United States. Diplomatic circles paid no apparent attention to the report.} 102 A CHRONICLE OP THE WAH. FRIDAY, MAY 6. GREAT BRITAIN AND THE PHILIPPINES, Well-informed circles in London reported as regarding arrangements determined between the United States and Great Britain as to the disposition of the Philippines. (The conviction that such was the case was subsequently re ported to be general on the continent of Europe . In some circles it was believed that the United States had agreed to cede the Philippines to Great Britain in exchange for the British West Indies. A prominent member of the British Parliament was quoted as declaring the possible exchange too good to be true.) NEW SENSE OF NATIONAL STRENGTH. Bradstreet s commercial paper reports that the new sense of national strength following the battle of Manila has checked the business depression which had been conse quent upon the movements of the war with Spain up to this date. (By the end of the third week in May general trade was reported to have attained a very large volume, the indications of strong industrial outlook at that time ex erting a marked influence on the stock exchange.) SATURDAY, MAY 7. Official advices received from Commodore Dew r ey as to the battle of Manila. (See full cablegram in appendix.) CENTRALISM AND IMPERIALISM. German Kreuz Zeitung expresses belief that current Spanish-American war will strengthen centralism and im perialism in the United States. CAUSES OF DEWEY S VICTORY. Naval authorities at Washington attribute Dewey s vic tory to " superior gunnery, target practice, coolness, pre paredness/ May wheat advances in Chicago Board of Trade to $1.70 per bushel; best Horn- advances to $7.40 per barrel; Joseph Leiter and his foreign customers continue -to hold the sup ply. 4 CHRONICLE OP THE WAB 105 SUNDAY, MAY 9. Battleship Oregon reported to have arrived at Bahia in Brazil. (Subsequent advices indicated that the Oregon ar rived at Bahia prior to this date and departed May 8th, the false report of this date being intended to deceive the Span ish authorities to prevent capture of the vessel by the Span ish fleet.) PRELIMINARY CUBAN EXPEDITION. "Lieutenant Andrew S. Rowan returns from an expedi tion to Cuba for conference with the insurgent General, Calixto Garcia, with reference to co-operation of the in surgents with the United States in expelling the Spanish forces. (R.owan s expedition was one of several expedi tions forwarded for similar purposes, news of which was subsequently suppressed by the Government censorship of telegrams. One expedition, under Captain J. H. Dorst, failed to effect a landing, alleging that Cuban insurgents did not keep agreement to meet the landing party; party was repulsed by Spanish cavalry.) ALLEN SUCCEEDS ROOSEVELT. Charles H. Allen of Massachusetts appointed first As sistant Secretary of State to succeed Theodore Roosevelt, resigned. (The statement was made, without confirma tion, that Roosevelt s resignation was due partially to im patience with the conservative policy of the Navy Depart-* ment) DEWEY THANKED AND PROMOTED. President McKinley transmits message to Congress rec ommending extension of gratitude to Commodore Dewey and giving notice that Dewey has been appointed acting Rear-Admiral in recognition of his services at the battle of Manila. Senate and House of Representatives unanimously ex- tend gratitude to Dewey, and pass resolutions increasing the number of Rear-Admirals from six tcy seven to allow, for the promotion of Dewey and the striking of bronz? fox the efiuss mi &m<4 te 104 : , (K CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. .TUESDAY, MAY 10. State Department announces receipt of official advices that the Spanish fleet from Cape Verde has returned to Cadiz. (The New York Journal claimed to have obtained this information and to have furnished it to the authorities. The United States naval attache at London reported doubt of the accuracy of the information and his doubt was con firmed a few days later by the appearance of the fleet at the island of Martinique, in the French West Indies. Press reports indicated that the movements of the fleet of Ad miral Sampson were altered in accordance with the report of the return of the Spanish fleet to Cadiz, but the reports were not confirmed officially. The bombardment of San Juan de Porto Rico by Admiral Sampson s fleet followed two days later, reports subsequently alleging that Admiral Sampson approached the Porto Rico harbor expecting to find the Spanish fleet stationed there.) HIGH WHEAT. May wheat advances to $1.75 in Chicago, $1.90 at Ne^ iVork, $1.80 at Detroit and $1.60 at Minneapolis. CATHOLIC PRAYERS FOR AMERICAN sue, CESS. Krchbishops of the Catholic Church in the United States issue circular letters directing prayers in all churches for the success of the United States in the present war. (The activity of Pope Leo in negotiations with the Spanish Queen Regent and Austrian Emperor looking to the peacable adjustment of the Spanish- American contro versy created the impression in some circles that Catholic sympathy as a whole lay with Spain. American Catholics resented this imputation. Some influential Catholics were reported to have urged the Pope to discontinue his efforts at mediation because of the misinterpretation of his action likely to be made by persons in the United States hostile to the Catholic Church.) PAYING OUT GOLD. United States Treasury begins paying out gold in lietl of currency; cash balance in the Treasury, $213,313,585; gold reserve, $180,428,261. (Up to this date the extraor-i & CHRONICLE OF THE WAR* 105 8inary expenses of the war had not been allowed to invade the Government gold reserve, which had been constantly; increasing for nearly a year past.) ***. . WEDNESDAY, MAY n. SPANISH EXPEDITION TO THE PHILIPPINES. Officially announced that a naval and military expedition is being organized in Spain to expel Admiral Dewey from the Philippines. (Numerous reports of the definite starting of this expedition Avere circulated during the next two weeks in the same manner in which conflicting reports of the departure of the Cape Verde fleet from Cape Verde were circulated. Statements were also made that the fleet and troops were destined to effect juncture with Cervera in the West Indies. The definite time of the starting of the expedition or its destination were not ascertained prior to their being reported at other than Spanish ports.) MERRITT TO BE GOVERNOR OF THE PHILIP PINES. Major-General Merritt designated to the command of the expedition to the Philippines and to the military Gov ernorship of the islands, pending their final disposition. Infantry from Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota and Idaho, and light artillery and cavalry from Utah ordered to San Francisco. (This was the beginning of a large movement of troops to San Francisco for the purpose of dispatch to the Philippines. General Merritt requested and was allowed additional forces of regulars and of experienced volunteers, and the expedition ultimately assumed a large scope.) REBELS SEEK AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP. Philippine rebel refugees in Hongkong prepare a con gratulatory address to Admiral Dewey; the address prays for an independent native government under the protec tion of the United States; Rebel Chief Aguinaldo issues a proclamation directing obedience to Admiral Dewey; fre quent applications are made by rebels in Hongkong for admission to United States citizenship. Major-General Brooke instructed to prepare for con- 10 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. centration at Chickamauga of 40,000 to 50,000 volunteers. SENATE COMMITTEE AGAINST BOND ISSUE. CORPORATION TAX. Senate Finance Committee, by deciding vote of Sena tor Jones of Nevada, strikes out the bond provision from the war revenue bill and substitutes provision for of i per cent tax on incomes of corporations, provision for coinage of the seignorage in the Treasury, and for issuance of $150,000,000 in greenbacks. (Democrats, Populists and many of the Silver Republicans sustained these substitu tions during the debate that followed in the Senate; Repub licans generally were against the change from the original form of the House bill.) President McKinley nominates and the Senate immedi ately confirms acting Rear-Admiral Dewey to be Rear- Admiral . STOCKS MOVE UPWARD. Upward movement sets in on the New York stock ex- change. (This was subsequently held in check by the ab solute censorship upon all war news by the War and Navy departments.) .^. _ THURSDAY, MAY iz. Sampson s fleet, while reconnoitering at San Juan de Porto Rico for the presence of the Spanish fleet, is fired upon and returns the fire; a general bombardment ensues until Spanish guns are partially silenced. Sampson there upon withdraws. (Subsequent reports indicated that com paratively slight damage was clone to the forts, a few guns being dislodged and a few Spaniards being wounded and killed.) ENGAGEMENT AT SAN JUAN DE PORTO RICO. Gunboat Winslow badly damaged by shell from Spanish batteries at Cardenas; Ensign Worth Bagley killed, to gether with four of the crew; Lieutenant John B. Berna- dou and two men wounded; Winslow had been dispatched to ascertain the nature of certain vessels, presumably gun boats, in the Cardenas harbor. " Gauge buoys" were used by the Spanish forts in directing their guns at the Winslow. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 107 EUROPEAN COMBINATION AGAINST GREAT! BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES. ot. James Gazette of London declares that movements of European nations portend combination against the United States and Great Britain, Europe believing- that the United States is only trying its strength on Spain and that Great Britain is associated with the United States in aggression against Continental Europe; the Gazette warns Great Britain to prepare for a struggle involving the most important events since the period of Napoleon. SPEED OF SPAIN S FLEET. Flying squadron under Commodore Schley departs from Hampton Roads to join Cuban blockading fleet or to re- enforce Sampson s fleet. Technical comparisons indicate superiority of Sampson s fleet over the Spanish fleet, but superiority of Spanish fleet in speed. (The subsequent maneuvers of Sampson s and Schley s fleet appeared to be calculated to overcome strate* gically the superior speed of the Spanish fleeO FRIDAY, MAY 13 CHAMBERLAIN S SPEECH AT BIRMINGHAM, British Secretary of State for Colonies, Joseph Chamber-* lain, delivers speech at Birmingham stating that Great Britain may soon be confronted by a combination of powers, urging maintenance of bonds of permanent unity] with the " kinsmen beyond the sea," declaring that Russia is ineligible to alliance because of perfidy, and holding that Great Britain must depend for retention of position in the Orient upon alliance with some, nation whose interests are mutual . (This speech was discussed in all diplomatic circles and held to be a critical utterance in the existing interna tional situation. Its open bid for an Anglo-American alli ance intensified the anti-British sentiment in Spain and stimulated the efforts and hopes of that country for either a continental alliance of a Franco-Spanish alliance. The bid for the Anglo-American alliance, together with the intim-. idation of an impending combination against Great Brfc tain, were the most widely discussed features of the speech. 105 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. TRIPLE REPUBLIC. Editor Henri Rochefort of the Paris Intransigeant sug* gests the conversion of Spain and Italy into republics and the formation of a tripartite republic of France, Spain and Italy. NO COAL FOR SPANISH VESSELS. Spanish fleet reported off island of Curacoa. (The fleet secured coal and provisions at this port and was next re ported at Santiago de Cuba. The United States protested against the coaling and provisioning at a neutral port, and Curacoa was thereafter closed to the fleet. The entire West Indies, excepting only the Spanish ports, were closed to Cervera for coal and supplies.) -^ - ,- SATURDAY, MAY 14. RE-SHAPING OF NATIONAL POLITICS. r Press reports from London assert that upon the response of the United States to the invitation of Great Britain for an alliance depends the shaping of the future politics of all feuropeaii nations; that European nations anticipate the Downfall of Spain and object to the United States securing any of th e spoils outside of the West Indies; that European attitude has now become hostile to the entire Anglo-Saxon race. CRITICAL POSITION OF THE UNITED STATES. Press reports also state that Great Britain is ready to negotiate either complete or partial offensive and defen sive alliance with the United States; that Great Britain es pecially urges the United States to promptly equip as a first-class naval power. (A few days later Andrew Carnegie in an interview on the proposed Anglo-American alliance called to public attention a phrase previously used by for^ tner Secretary of State Olney as being now substantiate, tiamely, the phrase " race patriotism.") . .^H. SUNDAY, MAY 15. SPANISH CABINET RESIGNS, Members of the Spanish Cabinet resign. Spanish torpedo boat Terror and hospital ship Alicante A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. 109 detained at Martinique (Fort de France) for repairs and not allowed to coal. MONDAY, MAY 16, .WAR EXPENSES. War Department estimates war expenditures to July i, 1899, at $ I 5>9 2 5>5 2 7; Navy Department estimates expen* ditures at $75,556,25- COMPLAINT AGAINST STRATEGIC BOARD. Reported that President McKinley will take initiative in war movements from the Strategic Board and direct movements personally. (Much complaint against the al leged tardiness of the Strategic Board by naval officers and by Congressmen was reported both prior to and subsequent to this time. Complaint was made in many sources at the delay of the bombardment of Havana until the arrival of the Spanish fleet, when the hazardousness of the undertak ing was much increased.) BERNABE S SYSTEM OF SPIES. Former Spanish Minister Bcrnabe reported to be carry ing on an elaborate system of spies in the United States through headquarters at Montreal. (The Governor-Gen eral of Canada, presumably upon representation of the United States, subsequently requested Bernabe to with draw from Canada; Bernabe accordingly withdrew. For mer Charge d Affaires De Bosc remained in charge of the headquarters.) Assignment of Major-Generals to the respective arrrnr corps and departments. TUESDAY, MAY 17. FLEETS REFORMED. Reported that Sampson s and Schley s fleets are to be- reconstituted, the heavier vessels, battleships, monitors,. etc., to be placed in squadron under Sampson, the cruisers, .etc., to be placed under Schley. Transmission of cable and telegraphic reports of move ments of the United States fleets; ; absolutely forbidden. 110 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR HAWAII DELAYED. Foreign committee of the House of Representatives fav orably reports Newland s resolution for the annexation of the Hawaiian Islands. (The consideration of this measure was held over by Speaker Reed pending the completion in the Senate and final disposal in the House of the war reve nue measure.) - ~* - WEDNESDAY, MAY 18. SAFETY OF THE OREGOtf. Navy Department announces that the battleship Oregon is safe, but refuses to state the vessel s present location. CUTTING CUBAN CABLES. Auxiliary cruiser St. Louis and tug Wampatuck cut the cables at Santiago de Cuba and Guantanamo under fire of forts; shots from vessels practically silence the forts. USING TH EENEMY S FLAG. General Blanco reports to Madrid that the United States vessels tried to enter Santiago harbor under Spanish flag. (This action was strongly protested in the Spanish Cortes during the following week and formally laid before the powers for consideration as a violation of the laws of war,) THURSDAY, MAY 19. SPAIN S FLEET AT SANTIAGO. Spanish fleet reported arrived at Santiago de Cuba, two TJnited States vessels retreating upon the arrival of the Spanish vessels. Reported that Spain has secured coaling station on the island of St. Pierre and Miquelon in mouth of St.. Law rence river. New Cabinet appointed in Spain. FRIDAY, MARCH 20. CERVERA S SKILL. Secretary Long quoted as expecting naval battle in West Indies within forty-eight hours. Naval officers recognize skill of Spanish Admiral, Cervera, as a sailor. Reported that United States fleets have proceeded on A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. Ill either side of Cuba to enclose Spanish fleet in Santiago. NEW SPANISH CABINET FOR VIGOROUS WAR. New Spanish Cabinet announces intention to prosecute the war with vigor. Reported that Spanish Ambassador to France is negoti ating for an alliance of some sort, either with France or with the Franco-Russian alliance, or with the Continental powers. -- *- - - SATURDAY, MAY 21. FRENCH SYMPATHY SHIFTS. Shifting of French sentiment toward the United States noted in the French press; also praise of United States naval movements; French shopkeepers much perturbed by the boycott of French products by American women. NO UNIVERSAL CONFLICT. Paris Temps declares that the idea of universal conflict growing out of the Spanish-American war is ridiculous. Excess reserve in New York associated banks indicates re-accumulation of money at that center; small expanse in loans indicates beginning of some new business activity^ - +++ - SUNDAY,. MAY 22. SPAIN ANTICIPATED DEFEAT. Spanish Minister of the Interior declares that Spain undertook the war with full knowledge of the superiority of the United States, but did so in defense of national RUSSIAN FRIENDSHIP. Reported that Russia has determined not to associate herself with any anti-American pressure. BRITISH ALLIANCE WITH JAPAN. Vienna reports state that Great Britain has made ad vances to Japan with reference to all Eastern matters and possible eventualities of the Spanish-American war, thus effecting new balance of power in the Orient. 112 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. MONDAY, MAY 23. APPEAL TO AMERICAN MAGNANIMITY, Anonymous veteran diplomat at Madrid quoted as pre- dieting that European powers will intervene in the Spanish- American war so soon as it has reached a point that will warrant the powers in appealing to the magnanimity oi the United States. FRANCO-SPANISH ALLIANCE. Several leading dealers in the London Stock Exchange claim to have information that a Franco-Spanish alliance will shortly be effected. Gray-brown linen uniform substituted for the regulation United States army blue, for the invasion of Cuba. INSURGENTS APPROACH THE CUBAN COAST. Cuban insurgents reported to be fighting their way to the coast to meet invading United States troops. MANEUVERS OF THE VOLUNTEERS. Review of volunteers of First Division of First Corps at Chickamauga shows remarkable rapidity and precision of action; officers much gratified. FULL CONTROL OF PHILIPPINES. Treasury Department prepares regulations for military collection of customs in the Philippines. Reported that complete control of the islands is intended, and that Gen eral Merritt will proclaim martial law. First Regiment of California Volunteers embarks for the Philippines ++> TUESDAY, MAY 24. CEVE&A BLOCKADED. Spanish Meet believed to be enclosed in Santiago harbor by fleets of Sampson aad Schley. Dewey reports great scarcity of provisions and disorder among Spanish volunteers in Manila; rebels preparing to assist the United States. Dewey declines to allow a German merchant ship to land supplies at Manila; foreign residents remove to Cavite. PEACE. Reported that Spain .will accept proposition of any neu A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 113 Ira! power looking to negotiations for honorable peace. NO WASTE OF LIFE. General Miles, commanding the United States army, de clares that no precipitate movements likely to involve waste of life will be made. WEDNESDAY, MAY 25. OFF FOR MANILA. Expedition embarks from San Francisco for the Phil ippines; contains First California and First Oregon Volun teers and six companies of Fourteenth regular infantry, with two detachments of volunteer heavy artillery. MORE VOLUNTEERS. President McKinley issues call for 75,000 additional vol unteers to be furnished by the several States in proportion to population, but without special application to the militia. (The partial aim of this call was to allow the President to avail himself of the numerous private and special regiments raised and equipped in various portions of the United States.) ., - -*+ - THURSDAY, MAY 26. ARMY OF INVASION. Formation of all troops in Florida into corps, divisions and brigades completed; army for invasion of Cuba now organized. COALING IN HAWAII. Reported that Germany and France will protest against the Hawaiian Government allowing the coaling of the ves sels on the United States expedition to the Philippines as a violation of neutrality. TAXATION AWAITS NAVAL RESULTS. Senators Teller and Daniel withhold consent from prop osition to set date for voting on the war revenue measure, on ground that the issue in the West Indies should be awaited before the additional taxation is levied* FRIDAY, MAY 27. EFFECT OF MANILA BLOCKADg. Commodore Schley s fleet reported to have blockaded 114 A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. port of Cienfuegos, under mistaken impression that the Spanish fleet was within. Scarcity of food increases in Manila, owing to the block ade maintained by Dewey. Former Captain-General of the Philippines, Marshal Rivera, declares that Spain refused to re-enforce the islands because of hope that the mediation of the Pope would avert rupture with the United States. A ^ _ SATURDAY, MAY 28. BLOCKING CERVERA AT SANTIAGO. " Reported that Schley s fleet has reached Santiago and is blockading the harbor to prevent the egress of the Spanish fle^t (This report was subsequently confirmed, and a por tion of Admiral Sampson s fleet was dispatched to re-en force Schley. Schley w r as reported to have declared, " I have seen them (the Spanish fleet) and they will be a long time getting home." The narrow and tortuous nature of the entrance to the Santiago harbor, together with its elaborate fortifications, prevented the United States vessels from entering and giving battle. The entrance was sup^ posed to be thoroughly mined and torpedoed.) MORAL EFFECT OF MINES. Anonymous naval authority quoted as saying: "The moral effect of torpedoes and mines will prove far superior to their actual effect. In fact, so great is their moral force that I doubt whether their powers of execution will have an opportunity to be judged in this war. * SUNDAY, MAY 29. MERRITT S WIDE LATITUDE. Full instructions mailed to General Merritt as to the government of the Philippines; instructions reported as giving Merritt fuller discretion than has been given to any Government agent prior to this time. NO ARMY NEWS. Censorship of telegraphic communications extended to include all army movements in Florida. Reported that or ders have been issued for immediate dispatch of all regular troops of the best prepared volunteers to Cuba and Porto A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. 115 Rico. (This latter report was contradicted and reasserted persistently during the days immediately succeeding, and nothing definite was known until after the landing of United States troops in Cuba. It was generally under stood that the troops were to be convoyed by certain ves sels of the fleet of Admiral Sampson.) A FORTUITOUS NATIONAL POLICY. Henry Norman, the editorial correspondent of the Lon don Chronicle, declares that inquiry discloses that the ad ministration has not fixed upon a definite policy as to the Philippines or other territorial acquisitions, as the out growth of the war; that issue of territorial expansion is en tirely unpremeditated and fortuitous, due to the unforeseen necessity of the battle of Manila. OFFICIAL STEPS TOWARD ANGLO-AMERICAN ALLIANCE. The London Telegraph declares that preliminary offi cial steps have been taken looking toward the formation of an offensive and defensive Anglo-American alliance, the terms to involve reciprocal support of Great Britain in the Orient and of the United States in the outcome of the Spanish war and in the maintenance of the Monroe doc trine. MONDAY, MAY ^a LAND SIEGE TO AID SCHLEY, Reported that in event of Schley s victory over the Span ish fleet prior to arrival of the army for his assistance, the army will be deflected for immediate invasion of Cuba. (It -was proposed to aid Schley in dislodging the Spanish fleet by the establishing of a land siege, aided by heavy siege guns. The expedition to Porto Rico seemed to increase in importance from this time, palpable efforts being made to secure the island, probably to hold for the enforcement of indemnity, before Spain could establish suit for peace.) MEMORIAL DAY. Notable participation in Memorial Day observances by the volunteers and by the veterans of both Union and Con- federate armies of the Civil War. llfl .,. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAV / TUESDAY, MAY 31. * TRYING THE SANTIAGO GUNS. Schley s squadron engages the forts at the mouth of Santiago harbor to test calibre and range; finds guns to be heavy and of long range. Joseph Leiter closes hrs wheat deal; price of July wheat declines to $1.25 per bushel. ^ *;* t S WEDNESDAY, JUNE i. \ * SEVENTY THOUSAND FOR CUBA. Communication from Secretary of War to Congress dis^ closes plan of administration to dispatch expedition of 70,000 men to Cuba. +++ . : .-.; FRIDAY, JUNE 3. CASTELAR CHARGED WITH TREASON. * Tfext of letter of Emilio Castelar in Petit Revue IntL.- nationale criticising the Queen Regent for unwarrantable assumption of power in negotiation with the Pope for me-< cliation in the war with the United States published; mo-* tion made in the Spanish Cortes for the prosecution of Cas-* telar on a charge of treason. AN ANGLO-AMERICAN BANQUET. Eminent Britishers act as hosts of Americans in Uon dori at Anglo-American banquet; British speakers praise thd ^American revolutionists and condemn the acts of King George which caused the revolution; desirability of Anglo- American alliance emphasized by all speakers. SENATE FAVORS BONDS. Senate, by vote of 45 to 31, adopts minority report oil Tvar revenue bill, providing for issue of $100,000,000 cei> tifkates of indebtedness, and $300,000,000 of bonds to be used exclusively for war purposes. HOBSON AND THE MERRIMAC. Coaling ship Merrimac sunk in the mouth of Santiago harbor by a volunteer crew under naval constructor, Lieu tenant Richmond P. Hobson; vessel is sunk to obstruct the harbor and prevent escape of the Spanish fleet, thus reliev* ing a portion of the blockading fleet. v * r A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. v r, THE NAVY. NEW ORGANIZATION. Tbe naval appropriation bill, passed by tlie 55th Con gress, provided for the increase of the number of enlisted men in the navy by 1750, and of the apprentices by 250* enlarging the payroll from $8,235,000 to $9,125,000. tThe bill authorized the appointment for temporary serv-* ice of twenty-five acting assistant surgeons, with rank and pay of assistant surgeons. The bill established the active list of assistant paymasters at twenty-five. The bill authorized the construction of three sea-going coastline battleships, to carry the heaviest armor and the most powerful ordnance, with displacement of about 11,000 tons, to have highest practicable speed, and to cost not ex ceeding $3,000,000 each, one of the ships to be named the Maine, The bill directed that contracts for the vessels be made within sixty days after the approval of the bill. (The bill also provided that four harbor defense monitors, sixteen torpedo boat destroyers, twelve torpedo boats and one gunboat for the Lakes. FUNCTIONS OF THE WAR BOARD, In an Interview Secretary Long of the Navy declared as follows: "The War Board is not a formal body. It has no set rules and regu lations, and is not composed of a certain number of men. Its mem bers are officers in whose judgment the Secretary of the Navy has confidence, and they act merely as advisers. The principal function of the Board is to collect information about the enemy and to furnish. It to the commanders of American squadrons or single vessels. "The Secretary of the Navy is not bound by its advice, and there never has been any intention to have the Board determine what Admiral Sampson, for example, should do in certain cases. The Board has means of securing information not accessible to squadron commanders, and it considers all the data and news it receives and transmits them in compact form to the officer or officers to whom they will be yainable." 118 A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR OFFICERS. Rear-Admirals W. A. Kirkland, Joseph N. Miller, Montgomery Si- card (on sick leave and at headquarters), E. O. Matthews, (on sick leave and at headquarters), C. S. Norton, Francis M. Bunce, George Dewey; Acting. W. T. Sampson. NAVAL BUREAU CHIEFS, War Board. Rear-Admiral Montgomery Sicard, president; Captain A. T. Mahan, Captain A. S. Crowin&hield. Retiring Board Rear- Admiral O. E. Matthews Bureau of Yards and Docks . Mordecai T. Endicott Navigation Captain A. S. Crowinshield Ordnance Captain Charles O Neill Lighthouse Board Commodore F. V. McNair Naval Inteligence Commodore J. R. Bartlett Equipment Commodore R. B. Bradford, Construction and Repair Philip Hichborn Steam Engineering Commodore George W. Melville Supplies and Accounts Edwin Stewart Surgeon-General ., . . Van Reypen. CIVILIAN APPOINTMENTS ASSISTANT SURGEONS. T. Benjamin Dennis, Maryland; Thomas L. Rhoades, Pennsylvania; E. O. Huntington, Minnesota; William S. Thomas, New York; Ralph T. Orvis, California; E. V. Armstrong, New York; W. H. Bucher, Pennsylvania; Edgar Thompson, Missouri; Eugene Grow, New Hampshire. Assistant Paymasters Arthur F. Huntington, New York; Harry H. Balthis, Colorado; Charles Conard, New York; William T. Gray, North Carolina; George P. Dyer, New York; A. B, Pierce, Texas; Robert H. Orr, Delaware; Frank W. Hart, District of Columbia; Webb Van H. Ro-se, New York; Charles W. Penrose, New York; Abel B. Pierce, Texas. NAVAL COMMANDS. North Atlantic Squadron Acting Rear-Admiral W. T. Sampson, Asiatic Squadron Rear- Admiral George Dewey. Pacific Station Rear-Admiral J. N. Miller. Flying Squadron Commodore W. S. Schley. Northern Patrol Squadron Commodore John A. Naval Base of Supplies Commodore G. C. Remey. Coast Defense Fleet Rear-Admiral Henry Erben. VESSELS AND GUNS. {Numerals Indicate Number of Battleships Iowa, 18; Indiana, 16; Massachusetts, 16; Oregon, 16; Texas, 8. In course of construction Kearsage, Alabama, Kentucky, Illinois, Wisconsin, Farragut; contracting, three unnamed; total, 14. Cruisers Baltimore, 10; Bancroft, 4; Boston, 8; Brooklyn, 20; Charleston, 8; Cincinnati, 11; Columbia, 11; Detroit, 10; Marblehead, 10; Minneapolis, 11; Montgomery, 10; Nashville, 8; Newark, 12; New A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 119 *trieans, 6; Newport, 6; New York, 18; Olympia, 14; Raleigh, 11; San Francisco, 12. Total, 19. Monitors Amphitrite, 6; Catskill; Gomanche; Jason; Lehigh; Mi- antonomoh, 4; Montauk; Monadnock, 6; Monterey, 4; Nahant; Nantucket; Passaic; Puritan, 10; Terror, 4; Wyandotte. Total, 15. Gunboats Annapolis, 6; Bennington, 6; Castine, 8; Concord, 6; Helena, 8; Lancaster; Machias, 8; Marietta, 6; Michigan, 4; Mohican, 10; Monocacy, 6; Petrel, 4; Princeton; Wilmington, 8; Topeka; Vicks- burg, 6; Wheeling, 6. Total, 17. Rams Katahdin. Torpedo Boats Cushing, Dupont, Ericcson, Foote, Gwin, McKee, Morris, Porter, Rodgers, Stiletto, Talbo-t, Winslow. Total, 12. Torpedo Boat Destroyer Bailey. Dynamite Gun Vesuvius, Buffalo. Total, 2. Revenue Cutters Manning, McCulloch, Gresham, Algonquin (re named Accomac), Windom, Woodbury, Dexter, Hamilton, Morrill, McLane, Galveston, Forward, Colfax, Bou-twell, Winona, Hudson, Cal umet, Morrow, Bear, Rush, Perry, Grant, Corwin. Total, 24. Training Ships Alliance, 6; Constellation. Total, 2. Dispatch Boats Dolphin, Fern. Receiving Ships Franklin, 30; Independence; Richmond; Ver- xntnt; Wabash. 20. Total, 5. Special Service Michigan, 4. Practice Ships Monongahela. Pensacola. Total, 2. RECENT ACQUISITIONS. (Including Charters.) Special Board on Inspection and Purchase of Auxiliary Vessels- Captain Frederick Rogers, chairman; Lieutenant-Commander J. D. J. Kelley, adviser; Chief Engineer A. F. Dixon; Assistant Naval Con- strr.ctor J. C. Towresey; Lieutenant Nathan Sargent, recorder. Armored Cruisers Amazonas (re-named New Orleans), 3450 tons; 20 knots; six 6-inch, four 4.7-inch, four 1-pounder rapid-fire guns; two landing guns. Almirante Abrouall (re-named Albany), same as Arnazonas. Gunboats Diogenes, re-named Topeka. Torpedo Boats German Craft, re-named Somers; un-named, christened Manly. Dynamite Cruiser Nictheroy, re- named Buffalo. Auxiliary Cruisers Paris, re-named Yale; New York, 10,000 tons, re-named Harvard; St. Paul; St. Louis; El Sol, re-named Prairie, 6300 tons, 10 guns; El Norte, re-named Yankee, 6300 tons, 10 guns; El Rio, re-named Yosemite; El Sud, re-named Dixie; Yorktown, re named Resolute; Venezuela, re-named Panther; Yumuri, re-named Badger. Yachts Almy, re-named Eagle; Hermiorte, re-named Wasp; Co lumbia, re-named Hawk; Alicia, re-named Hornet; Saturn; Corsair, re-named Gloucester; Sovereign, re-named Scorpion; unknown, re named Scipto;" Thespia; Vixen; Yankton; Hist; Rhaetia, Sauthery, Hannibal. Tugs DeWitt C. Ivins, re-named Nezinscott; Winthrop, re-named Osceola; P. H. Wise, re-named Sioux; El Toro, re-named Algonquin; Atlas; Edgar T. Luckenback, re-named Tecumseh; Walter A. Luck- enbeck, re-named Uncas; J. D. Jones, re-named Apache; Fearless; Vigilant; Active; Iroquois; Leyden; Potomac; Wornpatuck. Transports Badger, City of Peking, Panther, Samoset, City of Sydney, Australia, Ohio, Zealandia, China, Colon, Senator. Colliers Coaler, Chickasaw, Lebanon, Nanshan, {Saturn, Scindia, 120 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. Kingtor, Abarenda, Merrimac, Jensen, re-named Brutus; Justin, Leo* cidas, Iris. Tenders Mangrove, Suwanee, Maple, Armeria. Distilling Boat Niagara. Hospital Ships Creole, re-named Solace; John Englis, re-named Relief. Refrigerator Ship Supply. Supply Ship Zafiro. Miscellaneous Aileen, Alice, Armeria, Atala, Caesar, Celtic, uttcc- taw, Dorothea, Free Lance, Hercules, Oneida, Peoria, Pompey, Pow- hatan, Tacoma, Viking, Vulcan, Yangton, Lucerne, Irrawaddy, Yu- muri, C. G. Coyle, Penwood, T. P. Fowler, Right Arm, John Doyle, Const an ce, NAVAU SQUADRONS. Atlantic Squadron, W. T. Sampson, Rear- Admiral, commanding- New York (flagship), Iowa, Indiana, Oregon, Miantonomoh, Fern, Amphitrite, Puritan, Terror, Cincinnati, Marblehead, Montgomery, Bancroft, Dolphin, Detroit, Castine, Lancaster, Nashville, Helena, vVicksburg, Wilmington, Newport, Vesuvius, Machias, Foote, Dupont, Ericsson, Stiletto, Cushing, Porter, Rodgers, Winslow, Leyden, Samoset. Flying Squadron, W. S. Schley, Commodore, commanding Brook lyn (flagship), Texas, Massachusetts, Iowa, New Orleans. North Atlantic Patrol, Commander John A. Ho well Ram Katah-* din, cruisers San Francisco (flagship), Minneapolis, Columbia; aux iliary cruisers Yankee, Dixie, Prairie, Yosemite. Mosquito Fleet, Henry Erben, Rear-Admiral, commanding Con sists of auxiliary cruisers, yachts (gunboats) and tugs. Asiatic Squadron, George Dewey Rear-Admiral, commanding- Olympia (flagship), Baltimore, Boston, Charleston, Raleigh, Concord, Monocacy, Petrel, Nanshan, Zaflro, Monterey. Pacific Squadron, Joseph N. Miller, Rear-Admiral, commanding- Philadelphia (flagship), Charleston (ordered to Asiatic squadron), Monterey (ordered to Asiatic squadron), Monadnock, Mohican, Co- manche, Bennington, Adams, Yorktown, Perry, Grant, ^orwin, Rush, Patterson, Hasler, McArthur, Albatross, Alert, SAMPSON S FLEET. New York Armored cruiser, 8480 tons; 21 knots; six 8-inch, twelve 4-inch rapid-flre, eight 6-pounders, four 1-pounder, four machine guns*. Indiana Coast line battleship, 10,288 tons; 15.5 knots; four 13-inch, eight 8-inch, four 6-inch, twenty 6-pounder rapid-fire, six 1-pounders, four machine guns. Oregon Coast line battleship, 10,288 tons; 15.5 knots; four 13-inch, eight 8-inch, four 6-inch, twenty 6-pounder rapid-fire, six 1-pounders, four machine guns. Terror Coast defense monitor, 3990 tons; 10 knots; four 10-inch, two 6-pounder rapid-fire, two 3-pounders, two 1-pounders, two ma chine guns. Amphitrite Coast defense monitor; 10.5 knots; four 10-inch, two 4-inch rapid-fire, two 6-pounders, two 3-pounders, two machine guns, Detrdit Unarmored cruiser, 200 tons; 18.71 knots; nine 5-incli rapid-fire, six 6-pounders, two 1-pounders, two machine guns. Montgomery Unarmored cruiser, auOO tons; 18.87 knots; nine 5- Inch rapid-fire, six 6-pounders, two 1-pounders, two machine guns, i A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR^ 021 -SCHLEY S SQUADRON. Brooklyn Armored cruiser, 8480 tons; 21.9 knots; eight 8-inch, twelve 5-inch rapid-fire; twelve 6-pounders, four 1-pounders; four machine guns. Iowa Battleship, 11,296 tons; 16.1 knots; four 12-inch, eight 8-incb, six 4-inch rapid-fire, twenty 6-pounders, six 1-pounder, four ma chine guns. Massachusetts Coast line battleship, 10,288 tons; 16.2 knots; four 13-inch, eight 8-inch, four 6-inch, twenty 6-pounder rapid-fire, six 1- pounders, four machine guns. Texas Battleship, 6300 tons; 17 knots; two 12-inch, six 6-inch, twelve 6-pounders rapid-fire, six 1-pounders, four machine guns. Miantonomoh Coast defense monitor, 3990 tons; a.u.5 knots; four 10-inch, two 6-pounders rapid-fire, two 3-pounders, two 1-pounder guns. New Orleans Sheathed cruiser, 3600 tons; 20 knots; six 6-inch, four 4.7-inch, ten 6-pounder and four 1-pounder rapid fire, four machine guns. THE CUBANS. CUBAN LEADERS. Masso, President of the Republic of Cuba; T. Estrada Palma, Dele gate to the United States; Maximo Gomez, General-in-Chief of Cuban Army; Calixo Garcia, General in command of Eastern Division of Cuban Army; Gonzalo de Quesada, Secretary of the Cuban Junta in the United States; Horatio Rubens, Counsel to the Cuban Junta. CUBAN FORCES. (Estimate of Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Hernandez.) Under General Gomez 3000 men concentrated; with 6000 men ad* flitional at scattered points. Under General Garcia Headquarters Bayamo 3000 men; 9000 ad- diticnal men scattered, and all east of La Trocha. SPANISH CABINET. President of the Council of Ministers Sagasta. Minister of Foreign Affairs Duke Almodivar. Minister of War Correa. Minister of Marine Aunon. Minister of Colonies Romero Giron, Minister of Finance Lopez Puigcerver, Minister of the Interior Capdebon. Minister of Public Instruction Gamazo. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. SPANISH NAYY. OFFICERS. Admirals F. Chacon, ranking officer; Patrick) Monti jo, Philippine squadron; Camara, Cadiz squadron; Cervera, Cape Verde fleet. Com mcdore Villamil, torpedo flotilla. VESSELS. Armored Modern Battleship, Pelayo. Old-fashioned Battleships Vito-ria and Numancia. Cruisers Infanta Maria Teresa, Almirante Oquendo, Vizcaya, Princessa Asturias, Carlos V, Cristobal Colon. Unarmored Alfonso XII, Alfonso XIII, Lepanto, Reina Christina*, Reint Mercedes Velasco, Conde Venadito, Don Antonio Ulloa, Don Juan de Austria*, Infanta Isabel*, Isabel II, Ensenada, Isla de Cuba*, Isla de Luzon, Fllipinas, Nuevo Espana, Galicia, Marquez de Molina, Martin Alonzo Pinzon, Rapido, Temerario, Vincente Yanez Pinzon, Destructor. Auxiliary Spain has thirty-two steamers of the Campania Trans- atlantica and numerous other merchant vessels, the names of which have not been published. CAPE VERDE FLEET. Admiral Cervera, commanding. Tizcaya Armored cruiser, 20 knots; 7000 tons; 20 knots; two 11- Inch, ten 5.5-inch rapid-fire, two 2.7-inch, eight 2.2-inch four 1.4-inch, two machine guns. Almirante Oquendo Armored cruiser, 7000 tons; 20 knots; two 11- inch, ten 5.5-inch Hontorias, -ten 5.5-inch, eight 1.4-inch rapid-fire, two machine guns, Cristobal Colon Armored cruiser, 6840 tons; 20 knots; two 11-inch Hontorias, ten 5.5-inch Hontorias, eight 2.2-inch rapid-fire, eight 1.4- inch, two machine guns. Infanta Maria Teresa Armored cruiser, 7000 tons Similar to the [Vizcaya. Furor Torpedo boat, 28 knots; two 14-pounder rapid-fire, two 37 millimeters automatic guns; all guns Maxim-Nordenfelt. Terror Torpedo boat Same as Furor. Pluton Torpedo boat destroyer, 30 knots; two 12-pounder two 6- pounder, two 1-pounder guns. Ariete Torpedo boat, 26.1 knots, Azor Torpedo boat, 24 knots. Rayo Torpedo boat, 25 knots. PRIZES OF WAR Prize Court- John A. Wynne, Commissioner. G. R. Bowen Patterson, President* LAW OF DISTRIBUTION, ff the sate of the rize is ordered tfre gross rocee3s A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 128 to be deposited with the Assistant Treasurer of the United States at the place nearest to the sale subject to the orders of the court. The court is to make a decree of distribution determining what vessels are to share in the prize and whether the prize was of superior, equal or inferior force to the vessel or vessels making the capture. The net proceeds of all property condemned as prize shall, when the prize was of superior or equal force to the vessel or vessels making the capture, be decreed to the captors; the proceeds shall, when the prize was of inferior force to the vessel or vessels making the capture, be decreed in one-half to the United States and in the other half to the vessel or vessels making the capture. In cases where the amount in controversy ex ceeds $2000, appeal may be taken to the Supreme Court. SPANISH VESSELS CAPTURED. Date. Vessel. Value. Captor. April 22 Buena Ventura $150,000 Nashville. April 22 Pedro 150,000 New York. April 23 Mathilde 15,000 Porter. April 24 Miguel Jover 400,000 Helena. April 24 Catalina 400.000 Detroit. April 24 Saturnina (released) 425,000 Winona. April 24-Sofia 12,000 Porter. April 24 Saco Terror. April 24 Canelita 7,000 Wilmington. April 24 Tres Hermanas Terror. April 25 Panama Mangrove. April 26 Paquete Newport. April 26 Septembre Helena. April 26 Pireneo Newport. April 27 Bolivar Terror. April 27 Guido 400,000 Terror. April 28 Bngracias Newport. April 28 Lola Dolphin. April 29 Argonauta (cargo of war supplies) Nashville. May 1 Masota Foote. May 2 Paco Newport. May 5 Oriente (released) Helena. May 5 Suarez TJncas. May 6 Frasquito Montgomery. Mav 6 Lorenzo Montgomery. May 7 Espa.no Newport. May 7 Padre de Dios Newport. May 8 Santiago-Apostal Mayflower. May 9 Fernandeto Vicksburg. May 9 Severito Dolphin May 12 Rita Yale. May IS Carlos F. Rosas New York, AMERICAN VESSELS CAPTURED. Date. Vessel. Value. Captor. April 27 Saranac (taken at Iloilo, Phil. Is.) $40,000 El Cano. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. THE CLIMATES. FEVER IN CUBA 1 . % Reports of Cuban physicians show that 75 per cent of ttie Spanish soldiers in Cuba suffered with climatic diseases; 50 per cent of these with yellow fever, usually mild; and 25 pec cent with malarial fever. Prior to the Cuban war 30 per cent of the foreigners in the island suffered with yellow fever; the mortality among them was 10 per cent. Cuban physicians unite in stating that improved hygienic methods will greatly reduce the danger from the disease. Very little yellow fever exists in Cuba in the months of (January, February and March; some cases, not many, ap pear in April, May, June and July, the season during which the current campaign is to be carried on. The rains begin in the middle of August and from that time until the mid dle of November yellow fever is very prevalent and severe.; (Foreigners in good physical condition, however, can re sist it. Fever is most prevalent in large towns and near the coast. Six or ten miles from the coast, and at an altitude of looo feet, all people are particularly immune. The most important regulation for soldiers camping in Cuban fields is that the tents must be water-tight, espe cially impervious to the heavy dews. Sufferers from the fever usually remain debilitated for about six to ten weeks. The former United States Consul at Matanzas, A. G. Brice, declares that there is little danger from fever in Cuba if the sanitary rules are properly observed. Mr. Brice main* A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. 125 tains that field operations also are practically safe if rea sonable sanitary precautions are adhered to. CLIMATE IN MANILA. Mr. Joseph E. Stephens, writing in the New York" (Evening Post from personal observation, said of Manila: \. "The city, though low, is, broadly speaking, healthy, ! except for smallpox, which flourishes unnoticed in the crowded houses of the lower, half-caste natives and Chi-i nese, and malarial typhoid, which chooses the careless for^ eign resident for its attentions. The black plague has never reached the Philippines, but the cholera used to de^ cimate Manila s native population before a generous bene factor gave the city its present good water supply system. Since then that dread disease has kept away, and the mor tality in that center of 350,000 Malays, half-caste Chinese, and Europeans does not probably exceed three per cent per annum. " In spite of what people who have never been at the Philippines may say the climate of Manila, even In sum mer, is healthy and free from danger to the white race. [American soldiers could want no more salubrious watering place than a camp on the island of Corregidor by which sweep all the fresh breezes that blow from Manila bay and the China sea." BASIS OF RATIONS. Each 1000 rations consists of bacon, 750 pounds; hard bread, 1000 pounds; baked beans, 150 pounds; potatoes, 1000 pounds; coffee, roasted, 80 pounds; sugar, 150 pounds; vinegar, 80 pounds; candles, 15 pounds; soap, 40 pounds; salt, 40 pounds; black pepper, 2\ pounds; total net weight, 3307 pounds; gross weight, 3638 pounds* 126 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAI THE ARMY. NEW ORGANIZATION. The Hull reorganization bill provides for an increase of the army to 2348 officers and 104,384 men, distributed as follows. Cavalry 552 officers; 12,050 men. Artillery 469 officers; 16,457 men. Infantry 1327 officers; 75,125 men. Engineering troops 752 men. This is an increase over the preceding army establishment of 738 officers and 78,954 men. The bill allows the President to establish a third battalion for each. infantry regiment. The bill allows increase in company strength to the following totals: Infantry companies, 250 men; cavalry troops, 100 men; heavy ar tillery batteries, 200 men; field artillery batteries, 173 men; engineer companies, 150 men. The bill increases the pay of enlisted men actually serving in com mands operating against an enemy 20 per cent. This makes the P*"*-- ment of privates in the current war, $15.60 per month. OFFICERS. Major-General Nelson A. Miles, commanding. Major-General Henry C. Corbin, Adjutant-General. STAFF OF MAJOR-GENERAL MILES. Captain Francis Michler, Aid; Captain Marion P. Maus, Aid; Major- General Joseph C. Breckenridge, Chief of Staff; Brig.-Gen. John C. Gil- mere, Assistant Adjutant-General; Colonel Charles R. Greenleaf, As sistant Surgeon-General; Lieutenant-Colonel A. L. Wagner, Assist ant Adjutant-General; Major Henry B. Osgood, Commissary; Major Eli L. Huggins, Captain Stephen Y. Seyburn, Captain Hugh L. Scott, First Lieutenant Edward Anderson. BUREAU CHIEFS OF THE ARMY. Adjutant-General Brigadier-General H. C. Corbin Inspector-General Major-General Joseph ^. Breckenridge Judge Advocate-General Brigadier-General G. N. Lieber Quartermaster-General Brigadier-General M. T. Ludington Commissary-General Brigadier-General Charles P. Eagan Surgeon-General Brigadier-General George M. Sternberg Paymaster-General Brigadier-General T. H. Stan ton Chief of Engineers Brigadier-General John M. Wilson Chief of Ordnance Brigadier-General D. W. Flagler hief Signal Officer Brigadier-General A. W. Greelejr A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 127 DEPARTMENT COMMANDERS. Department of the Pacific Headquarters, Philippine Islands*; Major-General Wesley Merritt, commanding. Department of the Gulf Headquarters, Atlanta, Ga.; Major-Gen eral J. R. Brooke, commanding. Department of the East Headquarters, Governors Island, N. Y.; Brigadier-General R. T. Frank, commanding. Department of the Missouri Headquarters, Omaha, Neb.; Briga dier-General E. V. Sumner, commanding. Department of Colorado Headquarters, Denver, Col.; Brigadier- General E. V. Sumner, commanding. Department of the California Headquarters, San Francisco, Cal.j Major-General H. C. Merriam, commanding. Department of the Columbia Headquarters, Vancouver Barracks, Wash.; Major-General H. C. Merriam, commanding. Department of the Dakota Headquarters, St. Paul, Minn.; Briga dier-General J. M. Bacon, commanding. Department of the Lakes Headquarters, Chicago, 111.; Brigadier- General J. M. Bacon, commanding. MAJOR GENERALS. Major-Generals Wesley Merritt, William M. Graham, John J. uop- plnger, Henry C. Corbin, John R. Brooke, James F. Wade, William R. Shafter, Joseph C. Breckenridge, Henry C. Merriam. CIVILIAN APPOINTMENTS. James H. Wilson, Delaware-; Fitzhugh Lee, Virginia; Mattnew C. Butler, South Carolina; James C. Wheeler, Alabama; Senator W. J. Sewell, New Jersey (withdrawn.) BRIGADIER-GENERALS. Thomas M. Anderson, A. K. Arnold, Simon Snyder, Andrew S. Burt, Royal T. Frank, Sam S. Sumner, Guy V. Henry, Lewis H. Carpenter, John M. Bacon, Henry W. Lawton, Theodore Schwan, A. R, Chaffee, Charles E. Compton, John S. Poland, John C. Bates, H. H. Hawkins, Jacob E. Kent, Frances L. Guenther, John I. Rodgers, S. B. M. Young, Edward B. Williston, George M. Randall, William W. Davis, Alfred E. Bates, Robert H. Hall, Edward V. Sumner, Peter C. Hains, George Gillespie, Marks P. Miller, Jacob Kline, Osward H. Ernst, Lloyd Wheaton, Arthur MacArthur, Henry C. Hasbrouck, John C. Gilmore, Wallace F. Randolph, Joseph P. Sanger, Michael V. Sheridan, John N. Andraws, Robert P. Hughes, John B. Babcock. CIVILIAN APPOINTMENTS. Frederick D. Grant, New York; Harrison G. Otis, California; Henry M. Duffield, Michigan; Charles King ("Captain"), Wisconsin; Lucius F. Hubbard, Minnesota; George A. Garrettson, Ohio; William A. Gor don, Georgia; James R. Watts, Texas; William Coats, Alabama; John M. Wiley, Pennsylvania; William A. Bancroft, Massachusetts; Will iam J. McKee, Indiana; Francis V. Green, New York; Charles Fitz- isimmons, Illinois; Joseph Hudson, Kansas; Joseph R. Lincoln, lowajl Nelson Cole, Missouri; Leonard W. Colby, Nebraska; Koy Stone, York; Henry T. Douglass, Maryland. 12$ A CHRONICLE OF THE WAB. r ARMY CORPS. FIRST ARMY CORPS, U. S. A. Headquarters at Chickamauga; Camp George H. Thomas; Major-General John R. Brooke, com manding. First Division Major-General Wilson, commanding. First Brigade Brigadier-General A. S. Burt, commanding First Ohio, Third Wisconsin, Fifth Illinois. Second Brigade Brigadier- General C. E. Compton, commanding Fourth Ohio, Third Illi nois, Fourth Pennsylvania. Third Brigade Colonel Hulings, commanding Sixteenth Pennsylvania, Second Wisconsin, One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Indiana. Second Division Brigadier-General A. K. Arnold, command- Ing. First Brigade Colonel Gardner, commanding Thirty-first Michigan, Third Pennsylvania, One Hundred and Sixtieth In diana. Second Brigade Colonel B. D. Spillman, commanding First West Virginia, One Hundred and Fifty-eighth Indiana, Sixth Ohio. Third Brigade Colonel C. A. Van Duse, commanding Fourteenth Minnesota, Second Ohio, First Pennsylvania. Third Division Brigadier-General J. S. C. Bates, command- dug. First Brigade Colonel Bobleter, commanding First Illi- aiois, Twelfth Minnesota, Fifty-first Pennsylvania. Second Bri gade Colonel William A. Pew, commanding Twenty-first Kan sas, Twelfth New York, Eighth Massachusetts. Third Brigade- Commanding officer not yet named Ninth Pennsylvania, Second Missouri, First New Hampshire. SECOND ARMY CORPS Headquarters at Falls Church, Va.; Camp !A.lger; Major-General William M. Graham, commanding. First Division Brigadier-General Francis L. Guenther, com- manding Includes First New Jersey, Second Ohio, Sixty-fifth New York, Sixth Massachusetts, Eighth Ohio, Eighth, Twelfth and Thirteenth Pennsylvania. First Brigade Colonel E. A. Campbell, commanding Includes First New York, Eleventh Ohio, Sixty-fifth New York. Second Brigade Colonel D. J. Foster, commanding Includes Sixth Illinois, Sixth Massachusetts, Sixth Ohio, Third Brigade Colonel H. A. Coursen, commanding Includes Eighth, Twelfth and Thirteenth Pennsylvania. Unattached One hundred and fifty-ninth Indiana, Sixth Penn> sylvania and Ninth Ohio. THIRD ARMY CORPS Headquarters at Chickamauga; Camp George H. Thomas; Major-General James F. Wade, commanding. Battalion of Engineers Companies C and E; Captain Jamea JU Lusk, commanding. Detachment of Signal Corps First Lieutenant Frank Greene, commanding. Cavalry First Brigade, Brigadier-General S. S. Sumner, com manding Third Cavalry, bixth Cavalry, Ninth Cavalry. Second (Brigade Brigadier-General S. B. M. Young, commanding First Cavalry, Tenth Cavalry. Light Artillery Brigade Lieutenant-Colonel W. F. Randolph, commanding Light Batteries E and K, Third Artillery; A and F, Second Artillery; C and F, Third Artillery; B and F, Fourth Ar tillery; D and F, Fifth Artillery. Infantry First Brigade Brigadier-General Jacob F. Kent, commanding Sixth, Tenth, Twenty-second and Twenty-fourth Infantry. Second Brigade Brigadier-General John S. Poland, commanding Ninth, Thirteenth, Seventeenth and Twenty-first A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 129 Infantry. Third Brigade Brigadier-General Guy V. Henry, com manding Eighth, Twelfth, Sixteenth and Twenty-fifth Infantry. Fourth Brigade Brigadier-General A. R. Chaff ee, commanding First, Second, Fourth and Seventh Infantry. FOURTH ARMY CORPS, U. S. V. Headquarters at Mobile Major- General John J. Coppinger, commanding. (Organization not comr plcied; forces transferred to Tampa on departure of First Corps from that point.) FIFTH ARMY CORPS, U. S. V. Headquarters at Tampa Major- General William R. Shafter, commanding. First Division Major-General William R. Shafter, command ing Includes Sixth, Sixteenth, Tenth, Twenty-first, Thirteenth, Ninth and Twenty-fourth United States Infantry. Second Division Brigadier-General A. R. Chaffee, command ing Includes Eighth and Twenty-second Infantry; Fourth, Twelfth, Twenty-fifth, Seventh and Seventeenth Infantry; volun teers from Massachusetts. SIXTH ARMY CORPS, U. S. V. Major-General James H. Wilson, commanding Headquarters at Chickamauga. (Included in First Corps.) SEVENTH ARMY CORPS, U. S. V. Headquarters at Tampa, Fla. Major-General Fitzhugh Lee, commanding. First Division Brigadier-General H. H. Hawkins, command ingIncludes volunteers from Ohio, Georgia, Michigan and Florida. Second Division Brigadier-General A. S. Burt, commanding Includes Illinois, North Carolina, Iowa and Wisconsin volunteers, DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC Headquarters at Philippine Islands Major-General Wesley Merritt, commanding. Staff First Lieutenant Lewis H. Strother, Aid; First Lieutenant Harry C. Hale, Aid; First Lieutenant T. Bentley Mott, Aid; Lituten- ant-Colonel John B. Babcock, Adjutant-General; Major Thomas H. Barry Assistant Adjutant-General; Colonel Robert P. Hughes, In spector-General; Lieutenant-Colonel James W. Pape, Chief Quarter master; Lieutenant-Colonel David L. Brainard, Chief Commissary; Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Lippincott, Chief Surgeon; Major Charles McClure, Paymaster; Major E. H. Crowder, Judge Advocate; Major William A. Simpson, Chief of Artillery; First Lieutenant Charles L, Potter, Engineer Officer; Captain Charles E. Woodruff, Attending Sur geon; Major Richard E. Thompson, Signal Officer. CAMP MERRITT Major-General Elwell C. Otis, commanding. First Brigade Brigadier-General Miller, commanding Four teenth and Twenty-third Infantry, Third Artillery, Fourth Cav alry, one company engineers. Second Brigade Brigadier-General F. V. Greene, commanding Thirteenth Minnesota, Twentieth Kansas, First Idaho, First North Dakota. Third Brigade Brigadier-General Charles King, commanding Tenth Pennsylvania, First Colorado, First Nebraska, First Troop Utah Cavalry, Batteries A and B, Utah Light Artillery. Fourth Brigade Brigadier-General H. C. Otis, commanding- Seventh California, First Montana, First South Dakota, First Wy oming. 130 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. PHILIPPINE EXPEDITION. First installment, Brigadier-General T. M. Anderson, command- Ing sailed from San Francisco May 25th an follows: Via transport City of Peking First California Volunteers, Colonel J. F. Smith; 49 officers and 973 men; 10 officers and 71 men of the navy. Via transport City of Sydney 13 officers and 318 men of on bat talion of Oregon Volunteers; 9 officers and 300 men of four companies of Fourteenth United States Infantry, and one officer and 50 men of the California Heavy Artillery. Via transport Australia Headquarters staff and band and two bat talions of Oregon Volunteers, comprising 37 officers and 646 men. Cruiser Charleston sailed from San Francisco May 21st. Monitor Monterey and collier Brutus sailed from San Francisco June 7th. CUBAN EXPEDITION. Major-General William R. Shafter, commanding. Sailed from Tampa, Fla., at noon of June 8th. Comprised 27,000 men, including sixteen regiments of regular and eleven regiments of volunteer in fantry, a battalion of engineers, a detachment of signal corps, five squadrons of cavalry, four batteries of light artillery, and two bat teries of heavy artillery. Regular infantry comprised First, Second, Fourth, Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, Tenth, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Sixteenth, Seventeenth, Twenty-first, Twenty-second, Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth Regi ments. Volunteer infantry included First New, York, Thirty-second Michi gan, First and Fifth Ohio, Second New York, First District of Colum bia, Fifth Maryland, One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Indiana and Third Pennsylvania. Expedition was convoyed by the battleship Indiana and the gun boat Helena. Training ship Bancroft was made headquarters of General Shafter. SPECIAL REGIMENTS. First Regiment, United States Volunteer Cavalry, Roosevelt s Rough, Riders, Colonel Leonard Wood, commanding. Second Regiment United States Volunteer Cavalry, Torrey s Ter rors, Colonel J. L. Torrey, commanding. Third Regiment United States Volunteer Cavalry, Grigsby s Gal lopers, Colonel Melvin Grigsby, commanding. Astor Battery, Lieutenant Peyton C. March, commanding; John Jacob Astor, sponsor. MEDICAL CORPS ASSIGNMENTS. Brigadier-General George Steinberg, Chief Surgeon; Lieutenant- Colonel Clayton Parkhill, Department of the Pacific, ranking Surgeon of Volunteers; Lieutenant-Colonel Rush Heidekoper, First Army Corps; Lieutenant-Colonel A. C. Girard, Second Army Corps; Lieu tenant-Colonel J. R. Hoff, Third Army Corps; Lieutenant-Colonel R. M. O Reilly, Fourth Army Corps; Lieutenant-Colonel B. F. Pape, Fifth Army Corps; Lieutenant-Colonel Nicholas Senn, Sixth Army Corps; Lieutenant-Colonel L. M. Mans, Seventh Army Corps. A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. 131 THE VOLUNTEERS. PHYSICAL DEMANDS OF RECRUITS Hearing must be normal in both ears. Vision must not fall below 15.20 in either eye, and not below 20.20 unless it can be made normal by proper glasses. Color blindness is not a cause for rejection, but must be noted on examination form. Accepted candidates, if between 17 and 18 years of age, should not fall below 5 feet 3 inches in height and 100 pounds in weight; if be tween 18 and 19 years, 5 feet 3Ms inches in height and 105 pounds in weight; if over 19 years, 5 feet 4 inches in height and 110 pounds in weight. The weight and chest measurement at expiration should not fall materially below the following standard, which, however, is not to be considered as absolute, and should not be s>trictly adhered to in case of active boys who tre less than 18 years of age: Height. Pounds. Chest. 6 feet 4 inches 118 30 inches. 5 feet 5 inches 120. 30% inches. 5 feet 6 inches 122 31 inches. 5 feet 7 inches 124 31% inches. 5 feet 8 inches 128 31% inches-. 5 feet 9 Inches 132 32 inches. 5 feet 10 inches 136 32^ inches. 5 feet 11 inches 142 32% inches. 6 feet 148 33 inches. SOME ARMY SALARIES. (Add 20 per cent for current war.) Privates, $13 per month; field musicians, $13; wagoners, $14; artifi cers, $15; saddlers, $15; corporals, $15; sergeants, $18; first sergeant, $25; saddler sergeant, $22; chief trumpeter of cavalry, $22; principal musician, $22; regimental quartermaster, $23; sergeant-major, $23; f\f r>r>of non-com m i ssin-n prt staff $34 131 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. CALL FOR VOLUNTEERa QUOTAS OF STATES. STATES. RENDEZVOUS. INFANTRY. ARTILLERY. CAVALRY. Regts.and (Batteries.) (Regts.and Battalions.) Batteries.) Alabama Mobile 2 regts. 1 bat Arkansas Little Rock 2 regts. California San Francisco... 1 regt. 1 light Colorado. Denver 2 regts. 2 bat. 4 heavy Connecticut Niantic 1 rtgt. 1 Igt. 2 hvy Delaware Wilmington 1 regt. Florida Tampa 1 regt. Georgia Atlanta 2 regts. 2 light Illinois -.Springfield 7 regts. 1 regt. Idaho Bise 2 troops. Indiana Indianapolis 4 regts. 2 light Iowa Davenport 3 regta. 2 light Kansas Kansas City 3 regts. Kentucky Louisville 3 regts. 2 troops. Louisiana New Orleans 2 regts. Maine Portland 1 regt. 2 heavy Maryland Baltimore 1 regt. 4 heavy Massachusetts Springfield 4 regts. , 3 heavy Michigan Detroit 4 regts. Minnesota La Crosse 3 regts. Mississippi Jackson 2 regts. Missouri St. Louis 5 regts. 1 light Montana Ft. Harrison 1 regt. Nebraska Lincoln 2 regts. N. Hampshire... Concord 1 regt. Nevada Reno 1 troop. New Jersey Jersey City 3 regts. New York Peekskill 12 regts. 2 troops. N.Carolina Raleigh 2 regts. 1 heavy N.Dakota... Fargo 5 troops, Ohio Columbus 6 regts. 4 light 2 squads. Oregon Portland 1 regt. Pennsylvania.... Mt. Gretna 11 regts. 4 heavy Rhode Island- Providence 1 regt. S.Carolina Charleston 1 regt. 1 bat. 1 heavy S.Dakota Huron troops. Tennessee Nashville 3 regts. Texas Houston 3 regts. 1 regt. Utah . Ogden 2 light 1 troop. Vermont Burlington 1 regt. Virginia Richmond 3 regts. Washington Tacoma 1 regt. W. Virginia Martinsburg 1 regt. Wisconsin Milwaukee 3 regts. iV/V i t" Wyoming Cheyenne.... 1 bat. 1 bat. i tr. Arizona Phoenix 2 troops. New Mexico Albuquerque 4 troops. Oklahoma Oklahoma City Dis. Columbia.... Washington 1 bat. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 133 BTATIONS OF VOLUNTEER ARMY. following is an official list of the Volunteer troops mustered in, with stations, names of commanding officers and destination, accord ing to orders up to June 1, 1898: Alabama First Regiment (Mobile) Colonel E. L.Higdon, ordered to Department Gulf. Second Regiment Colonel J. W. Cox, for Reserve and Coast De fense. Arkansas First Regiment Colonel Elias Chandler, Chickamauga. California First Regiment Colonel Joseph F. Smith, Department Pacific. Seventh Regiment Colonol John R. Berry, Department Califor nia. Second Battalion, United States Volunteer Infantry Lieutenant- Colonel W. R. Johnston, Department California. First Battalion Major Gus. G. Grant, Department California. Second Battalion Major t. K. Whitmore, Department California, Four Heavy Batteries A, B, C, D Major Frank S. Rice, Depart ment Pacific. Colorado First Regiment Colonel Irving Hale, Manila; two troops to Chickamauga. Connecticut First Regiment Colonel Charles J. Burdette, report to General Merritt. Two Batteries Heavy Artillery report to Commanding General Department East. Delaware First Regiment Colonel Israel P. Wickesham, ordered to Department East. District of Columbia First Regiment Colonel G. H. Harries, Chick amauga, Ga. Florida First Regiment Colonel William F. Williams, report to General Shafter. Georgia First Infantry Colonel Alex. R. Law-ton, report to Depart ment Gulf. Second Infantry Colonel Oscar J. Brown, Tampa. Light Battery A Captain C. G. Bradley Department Gulf. Light Battery B Captain* G. P. Walker, Department Gulf. Idaho Two Battalions Infantry Lieutenant-Colonel J. W. Jones, San Francisco. Troop I, Cavalry Captain J. T. Brown. IllinoisFirst Infantry Colonel Henry S. Turner, Chickamauga. Second Infantry Colonel G. M. Moulton, Tampa. Light Battery A Captain Phil Yeager, Chickamauga, Third Regiment Volunteers Colonel Bennett, ordered to Chicka mauga. Fourth Regiment Volunteers Colonel C. Andel, Tampa, Fifth Regiment Volunteers Colonel Culver, ChicKamauga. Sixth Regiment Volunteers Colonel D. Jack Foster, Washington. Seventh Regiment Volunteers Colonel Marcus Kavanagh, Wash ington. First Cavalry Colonel E. C. Young, ordered to Chickamauga. Indiana One Hundred and Fifty-seventh Regiment Colonel G. M. S-teudebaker, Chickamauga. One Hundred and Fifty-ninth RegimentColonel J. P. Barnett, Chickamauga, Ga. 134 A CHRONICLE OP THE WAB. One Hundred and Sixtieth Regiment Colonel George W. Gunder, Chickmauga. One Hundred and Fifty-eighth Regiment Ook>eJ H. B. Smith, Chickmauga, Ga, Twenty-seventh Light Battery -Captain J. B. Curtis, Chieka- mauga, Ga. Twenty-eighth. Light Battery Captain W. T. Rande, Chiefc- mauga, Ga. IowaFiftieth Regiment Colonel D. V, Jackson, Tampa, Fla. Fifty-first Regiment Manila. Fifty-second Regiment Colonel W. B. Humphrey, Chicka- mauga, Ga, Fifty-ninth Regiment Chickamauga. Kansas Twentieth Regiment Colonel Fred Funston, Manila. Twenty-first Regiment Colonel T. G. Fitch, Chickamanga, Ga, Twenty-second Regiment Colonel H. S. Lindsay, Washington. Kentucky Second Regiment Colonel E. H. Gaither, Chickamauga. Louisiana First Regiment Colonel William L. Stevens, Department Gulf. Maine First Regiment Lucius H. Kendall Chickamauga. Maryland Fifth Regiment Colonel R. Dorsey, Coale, Chickamauga, Two Batteries Lieutenant-Colonel W. P. Lane, unickamauga, Massachusettts First Regiment Colonel C. Pfaff, Headquarters and two batteries, Salem, Mass.; two batteries at Clarks Point, Mass.; four batteries at Fort Warren, and one battery each at Gloucester, Marbleliead, Nahant and Plum Island, Mass. Second Infantry Colonel E. P. Clark, Tampa. Sixth Regiment Colonel Charles F. Woodward, Washington. Eighth Regiment Colonel W. A. Pew, Chickamauga, Ga. Ninth Regiment One battalion under Colonel F. C. Bogan, at Quonset, R. L; one battalion at Fort Adams, R. I, and two com panies at Dutch Island, R. I. Michigan Thirty-first Regiment Volunteers Colonel Cornelius Gardner, Chickamauga. Thirty-second Regiment Volunteers Colonel William T. Mc- Gurrin, Tampa. Thirty-third Regiment Volunteers Colonel Charles L. Boyn- ton, Washington. Thirty-fourth Regiment Volunteers Colonel John P. Peterman, Washington. Minnesota Twelfth Regiment Colonel Joseph Bobleter, Chicka mauga. Thirteenth Regiment Colonel C. McC. Reeve, San Francisco. Fourteenth Regiment Colonel Charles A. Van Dusen, Chicka mauga. Alifcsouri Light Battery A Captain F. M. Rumbold, CuiCKamauga. First Infantry Colonel Edward Baltdorf, Chickamauga. Second Infantry Colonel W. K. Cafee, Chickamauga. Third Infantry Colonel G. P. Gross, Washington. Fourth Infantry Colonel Joseph A. Cooly, Washington. Fifth Infantry Colonel Milton Mone, Chickamauga. Montana First Regiment Colonel H. C. Kessler, San Francisco. Third United States Volunteer Cavalry Lieutenant-Colonel Charles F. Lloyd, Chickamauga. First Troop Captain D. G. Steers, Chickamauga. Troop M Captain J. C. Bond. Nebraska First Regiment Colonel J. R. Beatt. Manila. Second Regiment Colonel C. J. Bills, Chickamauga, Ga. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 135 New Hampshire First Regiment Colonel R. F. Rolfe, Chickamauga York First Regiment Colonel T. H. Barker, Department East Second Regiment Colonel E. E. Hardin, Chickamauga, Ga, Ninth Regiment Colonel G. J. Greeen, Chickamauga, Ga. Third Regiment Colonel E. M. Hoffman. Twenty-second Regiment Colonel Franklin Bartlett, Department East. Forty-seventh Regiment Colonel J. T. Eddy, Department East. Twelfth Regiment Colonel R. W. Leonard, Chickamauga, Ga. Fourteenth Regiment Colonel F. D. Grant, Chi-ckamauga, Ga. Sixty-fifth Regiment Colonel Samuel M. Welsh Jr., Camp Alger, Falls Church, Va. Seventy-first Regiment Colonel F. V. Greene, Lakeland, Fla. Troop A Captain Badgley, Camp Alger, Falls Church, Va. Troop C Captain B. C. Clayton, Camp Alger, Falls Church, Va. Eighth Regiment Colonel Henry Chauncey, Chickamauga, Ga. Sixty-ninth Regiment Colonel Edward Duffy, Chickamauga, Ga. (Colonels Fred D. Grant and F. W. Greene of the New York Volunteers were subsequently appointed Brigadier-Generals.) Jersey First Regiment Colonel E. Campbell, Falls Church, Va. Third Regiment Colonel Benjamin A. Lee, Headquarters, and Companies B, F, L and I, Pompton Lakes, N. J., and Companies A, C, D, F, G, H and K, Sandy Hook, N. J. North Carolina First Regiment Colonel J. T. Armfield, Tampa, Fla, Seventh Regiment and a Battery Tampa, Fla. North Dakota Two Batteries of Infantry Lieutenant W. T. Free man, Philippines. Two Troops Cavalry to Chickamauga. Oregon Second Regiment Colonel O. Summers, Manila. Ohio First Regiment Colonel C. B. Hunt, Chickamauga. - ,. Second Regiment Colon-el J. E. Kuert, Chickamauga, Ga Third Regiment Colonel C. Anthony, Tampa, Fla. Fourth Regiment Colonel Alonzo Colt, Chickamauga, Ga. Fifth Regiment Colonel C. Kennon, Tampa, Fla. Sixth Regiment Colonel W. V. McMackin, Chickamauga, Ga. Seventh Regiment Colonel A. L. Hamilton, Falls Church, Va, Eighth Regiment Colonel C. N. Hard, Falls Church, Va. Ninth Battalion (colored) Major C. Young, Falls Church, Va. First Artillery Major C. T. Atwell, Chickamauga, Ga. Twelfth Regiment Camp Alger, Falls Church, Va. Thirteenth Regiment Camp Alger, Falls Church, Va. First Regiment Cavalry Lieutenant-Colonel M. W. Day, Chicka mauga. Pennsylvania First Regiment Colonel W. B. Bowman, Chicka mauga, Ga. Second Regiment Colonel B. Porter, Department East. Third Regiment Colonel Robert Ralston, Chickamauga, Ga. Fourth Regiment Colonel D. B. Case, Chickamauga, Ga. Fifth Regiment ColonelTheodore Birchfield, Chickamauga, Ga, Sixth Regiment Colonel J. W. Shall, Falls Church, Va. Eighth Regiment Colonel T. F. Hoffman, Chickamauga, Ga. Ninth Regiment Colonel C. B. Dougherty, Chickamauga, Ga. Tenth Regiment Colonel A. L. Hawkins, Manila. Twelfth Regiment Colonel J. B. Coryell, Falls Church, Va. Thirteenth Regiment Colonel H. W. Coursin, Falls Church, Va, Fourteenth Regiment Colonel W. J. Glenn, Department East. Fifteenth Regiment Colonel W. A. Kreps, Department East. Sixteenth Regiment Colonel W. A. Hulings, Chickamauga, Ga. 136 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. Eighteenth Regiment Colonel M. Smith, Department East. Battery A Captain B. H. Wakerton, Newport News. Battery B Captain A. E. Hunt, Chickamauga, Ga. Battery C Captain G. Waters, Newport News. Sheridan Troop Captain J. W. Jones, Department East. Governor s Troop Captain Frederick Ott, Department Eas\,. First Troop Captain H. Jerome, Department East. Rhode Island First Regiment Colonel C. W. Abbott Jr., Depart ment East. South Carolina First Battalion Infantry Major T. Thomson. H Battery Captain E. Anderson, Department Gulf. South Dakota First Regiment Colonel A. S. Frost, Manila, Tennessee Third Regiment Infantry. Second Regiment Colonel Keller Anderson. Third Regiment Colonel Tyffe, Chickamauga. Texas First Regiment Colonel Mabrey, New Orleans, La. Second Regiment Colonel L. M. Oppenheimer, Mobile. Third Regiment Colonel R. P. Smith, report to Gen. Graham* First Cavalry Colonel J. S. Watres, report to General Graham. Utah Battery A Captain R. W. Young San Francisco. Troop A Captain Joseph Caine, Department Pacific. Vermont First Regiment Colonel O. D. Clark, Chickamauga, Ga. Virginia Second Regiment Colonel Baker, Tampa, Fla. Washington First Regiment Colonel J. H. Wholley, Department California. Wisconsin First Regiment Colonel S. P. Shadel, Tampa, Fla. Second Regiment Colonel C. A. Born, Chickamauga, Ga. Third Regiment Colonel M. T. Moore, Chickamauga, Ga. Wyoming .battalion Infantry Major F. M. Foote, Manila. West Virginia First Regiment Colonel D. B. Spillman, Chicka mauga, Ga. The Third Volunteer Cavalry Colonel M. Grigsby organized in sev eral Western States, is at Chickamauga, Ga. MINOR CIVILIAN APPOINTMENTS. BASIS OF APPOINTMENTS. President McKinley was quoted in the Army and Navy Journal of May 7th as saying: "I have no further intentions of making appoint ments from civil life as a reward for party fidelity or social influence. Meritorious service in the field and military experience and ability will be the governing factors in the appointments to be made here after." The President added that he would hold back a number of appoint ments at his disposal for the purpose of awarding gallant and merit erious service in the field. CIVILIAN APPOINTMENTS. Colonels: Laurence D. Tyson, Tennessee; William Young, Utah; Duncan H. Hood. Louisiana. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, 137 Lieutenant Colonels: Algernon S. Reeves, Tennessee; George Cole, Connecticut; Theodore Roosevelt, New York. Majors: Eugene O. Fechel, Michigan; James D. Ferguson, District of Columbia; Edward L. Pinkard, Alabama; Louis Duncan, Maryland; Richard H. Savage, New York. Captains: M. L. Hellings, Florida; Daniel J. Carr, Connecticut; Carl F. Hartman, New York; William H. Lamar, Maryland; Otto A. Ne<-;mith, California; Howard A. Giddings, Connecticut; John W. Mc- Connell, Illinois; Edward B. Ives, New York. Inspector Generals, rank of Lieutenant-Colonel: John Jacob Astor, New York; Charles A. Whittier, New York; Curtis Guild Jr., Massa chusetts. Rank of Major: F. Creighton Webb, New \ork; James H. McLeary, Texas; Russell B. Harrison, New York; Lavid Vickers, Idaho. Chief Surgeons, rank of Lieutenant-Colonel: Nicholas Senn, Illi nois; Clayton Parkhill, Colorado; Rush Heidekoper, Pennsylvania; Robert W. Card well, Oregon. Rank of Major: Frank S. Bourns, Georgia; John A. G. Wcodbury, New York; Lewis S*chooler, Iowa; Henry F. White, Minnesota; Charles B. Nancrede, Michigan; Thomas E. Evans, Alabama; R. Emmett Giffin, Nebraska; Thomas C. Wright, Tennessee; George R. Fowler, New York; George Cook, New Hamp shire; William H. Daly, Pennsylvania; James M. Jenne, Vermont; James H. Hyssell, Ohio; Leonard B. Almy, Connecticut; Jefferson D. Griffith, Missouri; Edward Boeckmann, Minnesota; Sprague Win chester, Mississippi; Donald McLean, Michigan. Rank of First Lieu tenant: Patrick J. McGrath, District of Columbia; Clyde S. Ford, West Virginia. Brigade Surgeons, with rank of Major: Willis G. Macdonald, Georgia; Charles A. Drake, Georgia; Joseph K. Weaver, Pennsylvania; Charles E. Ruiih, Iowa; John W. Bayne, District of Columbia; Milo B. Ward, Missouri; S. C. Graves, Michigan; N. S. Jarvis, New York; Will iam Devine, Massachusetts; John C. Martin, Ohio; P. D. McHaughton, Michigan; S. O. L. Potter, California; George M. Smith, Iowa; Arthur Snowden, Virginia; R. S. Button, Pennsylvania; Frank Bruso, New York. Assistant Adjutant-Generals, rank of Major: Fred Bell, Missouri; Robert L. Brown, West Virginia; Major W. Kimball, New York; Charles J. Goff, West Virginia; Richard J. Fanning, Ohio; K. Kyd Douglass, Maryland; Thomas D. Weebe, Nebraska; Frank S. Polk, New York; Moses Walton Jr., Ohio; J. A. Patten, Iowa; Campbell E. McMichael, Pennsylvania; George H. Hopkins, Michigan; John A. Logan Jr., Illinois; George S. Hobart, New Jersey. Rank of Captain: Theodore S. Botkins, Kansas; Jacob E. Bloom, New \ork; J. H. White, Virginia; John C. Evans, South Carolina; William McCittrich, Cali fornia; James A. Colvin, New York; Edward Murphy, New York; James B. Morton, Illinois; Charles R. Miller, Ohio; William Astor Chanler, New York; Irskin Hewett, New York; Walter L. Bonve, Massachusetts; Fred A. Alg^r, Michigan; William Graves Bates, New York; Frederick J. Kountze, Ohio; Charles H. McGill, Minnesota; August P. Gardner, Massachusetts; George R. Voorhies, Kentucky; William E. Horton, District of Columbia; Lars Anderson, District of Columbia; Sherrell Babcock, New York; W. J. Sewell, New Jersey; James G. Blaine Jr., Maine; W. B. Allison, Iowa; Joseph B. Fora.ker, 139 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. Ohio; P. Bradley Strong, New York; Samuel Belford, Colorado; David Elkins, West Virginia. Judges Advocate, rank of Lieutenant-Colonel: Andrew C. Gray, Delaware; John A. Hill, Iowa; Charles H. Ribble, New York; Fred A. Hill, Connecticut; Charles L. Jewett, Indiana. Chief Quartermaster, rank of Lieutenant-Colonel:- Avery D. An drews, New York. Chief and Assistant Quartermasters, rank of Major: Noble H. Creager, Maryland; Sam R. Jones, Oscar F. Long, Fred Van Schra- der, Fred G. Hodgson, Thomas Cruse, William A. Wadsworth, New York. Rank of Captain: Cyril W. King, Iowa; Edward E. Robbins, Pennsylvania; Hiram E. Mitchell, Oregon; John B. Jeffrey, Illinois; William D. Jenkins, Texas; Benjamin Johnson, California; James R. R. Hosmer, New York; William A. Harper, New York; G. H. Holden, Minnesota; H. W. Nicholson, District of Columbia; Thomas H. Cava- naugh, Michigan; Elias H. Parsons, Utah; Edward C. McDowell, Teimessee; Francis M. Schroeder, District of Columbia; Arthur Thompson, New York; Charles M. Auger, California; Frank L. Polk, New York; Walter Allen, Mississippi; Clyde D. Hunt, Vermont; L. V. Williams, Ohio; William K. Alexander, Virginia; William G. Ball, Ohio; George C. Bailey, New York; Edwin F. Barrett, Minnesota; Briton Davis, Texas; Harry S. New, Indiana; Fred Buher, District of Columbia; Haldeman P. Young, New York; Ambrose E. Gonzales, South Carolina; Lloyd Carpenter Griscom, Pennsylvania; John C.. Breckenridge, New York; Fred W. Cole, Alabama; W. E. English^ Indiana; Giles H. Mendin, Iowa; Chester B. Worthington, Iowa; Charles A. Forrest, District of Columbia. Engineering Officers, rank of Major: Robert C. Berent, Minne sota : Charles L. Woodbury, Vermont; Edward Merrill, Pennsylvania* Signal Corps, rank of Captain: John B. Inman, Illinois; Thomas F. Clark, Massachusetts; George R. Gyger, Ohio; Benjamin F. Mont gomery, Virginia; George W. Butler, Maine; Frank Lyman Jr., Iowa; Frank L. Martin, California; Frederick T. Leigh, New York; Charles D. Connor, Missouri. Chief Commissaries, rank of Major: Edmund Beach, Montana; Philip Mothersill, New Mexico; Sam W. Hay, Pennsylvania; William M. Abernethy, Missouri; E. S. Garnett, Arkansas; Robert M. Fitz- hugh, Pennsylvania; H. Clayton Mullikin, Maryland; James O. Var- nedo, Georgia; James H. Moody, North Carolina; Robert Lee J^ong- stream, Georgia; John D. Block, North Dakota; William M. Grinnell, New York. Rank of Captains: John E. Whitmore, Pennsylvania; Warner Harrison, Ohio; Charles E. Cabell, Virginia; Joan Dubarry Jr., Pennsylvania; Winslow S. Lincoln, Massachusetts; John Land- street Jr., Tennessee; A. Richard Thompson Jr., Indiana; Edward Clines, Massachusetts; Dan Van Voorhies, Ohio; Philip M. Lydig, New York; E. B. Fenton, Michigan; Miller R. Downing, Ohio; Sani B. Boats, Ohio; Wilson I. Davenny, Illinois; John F. Jenkins, Wy oming; Fred A. Hyde, New York; Lee Linn, Indiana; J. A. Siemeral, Nebraska; William H. Anderson, Ohio; John W. Lytle, Pennsyl vania; George B. McCullom, Tennessee; W T illiam A. Tucker, Tennes see; Eben B. Fenton, Michigan; Martin M. Marshall. Iowa; Robert H. Beckham, Texas; Peter C. Deming, New York; Morton J. Henry, Pennsylvania; John Carmichael, Viiginia; Moses R. Doyon, Wiscon- A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. J3& sin; Seth M. Millikin, Maine; Oliver P. Smith, Pennsylvania; Salmon F. Button, Vermont; Theodore B. Hackener, Tennessee; M. M. Mar shall, Iowa; Frank K. Lord, New York; John H. Earle, South Caro lina; James McCteary, Texas; Thomas C. Catchings, Mississippi; Jay Cooke, Pennsylvania; Joseph A. Coxe, Pennsylvania; Stewart M. Brice, New York; Edward R. Hutchins, Iowa; Orson Pettyjohn, Illi nois; Ralph P. Howell, Iowa; Don A. Dodge, Minnesota; James H. McMillan, Michigan; William Larrabee Jr., Iowa; Joseph B. Handy, Delaware; William C. Daniels, Colorado; Warren C. Fairbanks, In diana; C. D. Coudert, New York; George W. Pellis, New York; E. W. Hurlburt, Colorado; Charles E. Golden, Wyoming; James C. Grant, Minnesota. Additional Paymasters: Charles B. Houghton, Connecticut; Fred T. Jones, Ohio; George H. Roy, North Dakota; James D. Harvey, Florida; George D. Sherman, Illinois; D. W. White, New Hampshire; Winfield M. Clark, Pennsylvania; James Canby, Colorado; Louis Knapp, N.ew York; John W. Fogler, Kansas; George E, Pickett, Vir ginia; Brewster C. Kenyon, California; Edward S. Fowler, New York; William H. Rift, Ohio; John P. Townsend, Missouri; John M. Sears, Tennessee; James W. Dawes, Nebraska; Otto Gecker, Georgia; S. M. C. Hays, Colorado; Beverly W. Coinar, Washington; Robert R. Woods, District of Columbia; William A. Merritt, Maryland; Harrison Robins, Mississippi; William H. Doherty, Massachusetts; Charles Morriss Jr., New York; Frank M. Hammond, Massachusetts; Winfield M. Clark, Pennsylvania; Henry C. Fitzgerald, New York; John Demerit, New York; Timothy D. Kelleher, New. York; Dan W. Arnold, Illinois; George Vandegrift, Ohio; George C. Steuart, Georgia; George T. Hol- loway, New York; Herbert M. Lord, Maine; Sam R. McMillin, Minne sota; George B. Guild, Tennessee; James F. Rusting, New York; Will iam G. Gambrill, Maryland; George F. Downey, Utah; George W, Fishback, Missouri; O Brien Moore, Texas; B. Bradley Ray, Illinois; 4 William H. Stillwell, Arizona; William B. Rochester, District of Columbia; Robert C. Smith, New York; Seymour Howell, Michigan; Clifford S. Walton, District of Columbia; William H. Schofield, Cali fornia; Stephen Tambrell Jr., Maryland; William J. Cowden, West Virginia; Moses R. Doyon, Wisconsin; F. M. Rix, Arkansas; F. G. Monaghan, Ohio; M. B. Curry, Georgia; James B. Kenner, Indiana; J. S. Wilkins, District of Columbia; M. F. Sheary, New York; Fred Boswick, New York; C. A. Smylie, New York; S. S. Harvey, Florida, 140 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, THE CALIFORNIA VOLUNTEERS. FIRST REGIMENT. James F. Smith Colonel Commanding Victor D. Duboce Lieutenant-Colonel Charles Baxton Major Charles L. Tilden Major Hugh T. Sime Major Alfred J. Kelleher Captain and Adjutant John J. West First Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant Fred W. Dohrmann First Lieutenant and Quartermaster Herman Huber First Lieutenant and Commissary William H. Tobin First Lieutenant and S. R. P. Otto Schwerdtleger Sergeant-Major Martin H. Wilkins Quartermaster Sergeant Peicy L. Badt Battalion Sergeant-Major COMPANY A SAN FRANCISCO Captain John F. Connolly; Lieutenants George T Ballin- ger, Joseph A. Brown; Sergeants Frank McCarthy, Morris Justh; Corporals Charles L. O Donnell, Warren F. Lieb, James J. Loughrey, Daniel M. Ritchie; Musicianes ^ulius Ait- ken, Frank S. Wyatt; Privates John J. Brady, Frederick Bertrand, Daniel Boyle, John J. Campbell, David A. Cutting, M. Cunningham, H. R. Crow, J. A. Dewitt, W. H. Dusenberry, F. Donegan, E. J. Doherty, F. Fiegnero, G. H. Fuerst, Elmer Gabrielson, Max Horn, D. Holland, Nils H. Johnson, W. F. Kays, S. Kats, J. Kilemade, J. J. Lucitt, Alex S. Less, Thomas Lind, J. J. Morris, J. Murphy, Morris L. Markowitz, Edward T. McCaffrey, Frank J. Murphy, Joseph Mur- dock, W. Ray, J. Riley, Leonard J. Schlink, Louis D. St. Amont, Joseph G. Smith, J. Verheyen, John E. Webster, John Weidlun. COMPANY B SAN FRANCISCO Captain George Filmer; Lieutenants B. B. Sturdivant, A, F. Ramm; Sergeants W. N. Kelly, A. H. Clifford, H. B, Taylor, H. B. Sullivan; Corporals C. Lemon, C. Lindecker; Musicians A. E. P. Apthorpe, W. Proll, D. J. Baird; Privates D. S. Briggs, W. J. Buttgenbach, L. J. Behin, A. Burtchell, D. Campbell, H. Crcwley, A. W. Clark, A. W. Gills, E. O. Gills, G. Cunningham, R. L. Drake, J. V. Dunmore, W. W. Davidson, H. A. Evens, W. G. England, W. C. Eisenschimel, W. B. Eichbaum, P. Eagn, E. L. Filmer, A. H, French, A. C. Fisher, E. V. Fitzgerald, L. F. Freestrom, J. Fisk, W. E. Garrison, J. M. Gove, J. P. Gaffney, A. F. Hammerson, W. J. Hayes, E. W. Hewson, F. H. Holcombe, C. A. Hunter, L. L. Helliwell, L. L. Hunter, T. C. Healion, F. H. Hoyt, E. M. Joy, E. W. Jensen, H. D. Jones, E. Kavanaugh, S. W. Knottner, A. Kuhlman, C. D. Lowe, G. F. Larney, F. M. McCarthy, P. D. McCarthy, J. W. Miller, A. J. Nicholson, G. H. Perkins, S. L. Rodgers, L. G. Russell, W. K. Reed, H. Ruff, T. J. Robinson, C. P. Richardson, S. P. Russell, H. F. Ruthraff, Lloyd Spen- csr, T. J. Sheehan, L. B. Simon, A. B. Schell, G. G. Spooner, . Simp son, H. D. Skellinger, W. H. Tooker, J. A. Thompson, W. B. Thomp son! A. Wistraiid, E. L. Worth, P. A. Williams, E. S. vvarton, L. B. Wood, M. D. Zann. COMPANY C SAN FRANCISCO Captain J. W. Dumbrell; Lieutenants Charles E. Goodell, George J. Petty; Sergeants H. T. Hicks, J. Gillis, J. N. Ross, D. E. Lawton; Corporals J. R. Switzer, W. F. Unfred, A. Frederick; Musicians- John Donald, John S. Crawford, F. F. Carson; Privates Walter Brind, J. R. Barriclo, W. R. Butler, L. E. Bunner, F. L. uoeing, A. H. English, H. W. Fawke, J. F. Finlay, Alfred L. Franks, Ray L. Huesch, F. W. Held, I. J. Kane, Donald F. McMullan, C. J. McDonald, O. C. Nelson, A. B. Nelson, William E. Roberts, Herbert G. Stewart, W. H. Shaw, C. A, Smith, E. Williams. COMPANY D SAN FRANCISCO Captain T. J. McCreagh; Lieutenants Charles G. White, Harry F. McGerren; Sergeants G. W. Swan, W. D. Flynn, R. B. Downie; Cor porals James F. McCarthy, James O. Staples; Musicians Walter P. Fisher, Kirke Sampson; Privates Eugene Aherne, Charles J. Ander son, Charles P. Ayton, J. D. Browne, William T. Baldwin, William J. Beran, Ralph H. Blevin, Richard C. Bolts, William J. Boyer, Mitchell J. Brown, Otto W. Burnett, Elmer F. Butzer, George W. Cole, Edward D. Crowley, Clayton D. Cunningham, Frank S. Cutler, George W. Daly, William H. Daly, Harry B. Dalmas, Charles N. Davis, Isador Davis, Hugh Dempsey, Charles H. Dunfee, Richard P. Farrel, William Foley, Arthur L. Galvin, Thomas J. Galvin, Alfred E. Haggman, Henry F. Haze, J. Koneman, E. C. Kessler, William A. Jameson, Olinto Land- ucci, John C. Lippert, John J. Loftus, George J. Luttrell, Charles G. Mallon, N. J. Malville, Samuel I. Marston, James W. Master, George J. Mayer, David McKee. F. J. McAllister, James McQueeney, Frank A. Moore, Owen H. Moore, O. Olanducci, James O Leary, Leon Pauchon, H. D. Pohlman, Thomas R. Pfoff, Henry R, Pfuhl, William T. Phillips, Fred J. Price, W. J. Quirk, Hugo Rosebery, Joseph Rotnman, Walter J. Roussell, Willis A. Rowe, Charles Schrader, Joseph J. Shaw, August A. Sollman, Gabriel Stephens Jr., Harry Swarts, William E. Tucker, Joseph J. Torrey, William H. Watson, Frank W. West, Louis E. West- phal, Jonn A. Williams, John C. Wulbern, James J. Watkins, Charles Vail. COMPANY E SAN FRANCISCO Captain, W. R. Robertson; First Lieutenant, J. H. Jordan; Second Lieutenant, Otto Schwerdtfeger; Sergeants T. Howard, J. Cardiff, M. D. Delaney; Corporals M. O Connell, L. E. Twomey. W. E. Wen- ser, J. Brady, John J. Canavan, John Eagan; Privates D. Arling, Will iam Ca-digan, George Dougherty, M. Dwyer, E. Garry, W. J. Hogan, E. S. Howes, B. F. Jackman, S. P. Jones, J. F. Kane, James Kelley, R. A. Kappen, W. V. Martin, J. L. Morris, F. Mullen, J. Murphy, J. Nolan, E. F. O Brien, E. J. O Neill, T. C. Pedlar, J. Rocks, D. M. Ross. T. Sullivan. COMPANY F SAN FRANCISCO Captain, J. A. Miller; First Lieutenant, A. F. Nippert; Second Lieu tenant, Frederick L. Brown; First Sergeant, G. W. Iverson; Quarter master-Sergeant, C. D. Cook; Sergeants B. Hawks, B. H. Hawks, H. Turton, H. W. Doscher; Corporals J. G. Hawks, W. M. Higgins, H. D. O Brien, A. H. Irving, W. A. Varney, P. H. Raine; Musician. W. <*. Berry; Privates E. R. Ayers, A. DeW. Allen, C. P. Bernal, M. J. Bernal, F. W. Best, J. F. Bickford, W. B. Brown, A. R. Babcock, W. J. Clark, W. Cook, G. T. Colmesnial, W. Cohn, C. S. Cleveland, G. R. Culver, R. J. Cutler, G. E. Crump, E. F. Du Fresne, A. P. Dever, E. F. Duffey, F. H. Field, C. J. Fallon, O. Jri. Fernback, F. W. Field, J. T. Finnigan, C. L. Girard, G. Gemballa, W. H. Hogue, W. S. Haubridge, E. R. Holsten, P. C. Harlan, J. S. Hall, A. M. Jones, S. A. Newman, M. A. Nathan, C. J. O Connor, R. C. Jantzen, F. A. Louis, U. C. Meyers, L. C. Miller, W. T. Moran, Frank Meyers, R. H. Norton, C. W. Osborne, D. J. Oliver, G. Ohlsen, G. Peters, T. C. Ray mond, C. H. Rockwitz, H. C. Reed, J. Rose, E. E. Surryline, V. H. Button, J. L. Simmons, F. J. Suhling, H. A. Stube, H. D. Sydney, C. R. Tineley, George W. Upp, Julius Witzel, Charles C. Wilmans. COMPANY G SAN FRANCISCO Captain, E. E. Sutliffe; Lieutenants T. W. Sparrowe, W. N. Swa- sey: Sergeants J. F. Norton, R. J. Dowdall, P. J. Neuman; Cor porals C. P. Hirst, G. W. Simmie, H. H. Morris; Musicians Francis J. Barry, Leon J. Pelle; Privates T. G. Bautz, James M. Dabney, J. P. Heilbroun, B. Hopkins, W. H. Norman, R. J. O Connor, C. E, Thompson, Albert B. Anderson, Franklin W. Aust, Duane Barnes, Louis H. Barieau, John L. Barnes, Arthur S. Hatfield, George W. G. Jackson, Dixon L. Lee, William Menzel, Alex, Martin, Joseph T. Mc- Evoy, M. J. Noonan, John W. Ren.ton, William G. Sparrowe, William D. Stewart, William T. Sullivan, Maurice J. Scanlan, Wilford M. Tay lor, William M. Welch, E. A. Colvin, Joseph McAvoy, . McNally. COMPANY H SAN FRANCISCO Captain, Frank W. Warren; Lieutenants Ed F. Davis, T. P, A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, 143 O Brien; Sergeants A. Ehrenpfort, John E. Broderick; Corporals G. E. Hirsinger, L. F. Guedet, Carl Schneider, John J. Binet, Thomas F. Donovan, Frederick A. Jaggie; Privates F. Andrews, H. W. Blake,. W. A. Dineen, C. G. Dean, G. L. Field, G. H. Grimes J. J. Kirby, F. C. Miller, F. Nicholas, R. W. Ruston, J. L, Swift, C. Weckerle, Frank Angelovich, Thomas T. Bryan, Alfred E. Baker, John J. Blake, George H. Belmont, Thomas Connor, Joseph F. Conlon, Thomas A. Campbell, Clarence J. Case. Peter M. Conlon, Frederick L. Crosby, William x\ Dunne, T. A. Dodini, David Fairbanks, William Grady, John J. Green wood, Theodore L. Holzhausen, F. L. Jackson, John C. F. Koshmitzki, T. J. Kenny, Frank X. Larkey, Warren D. Lattimer, Frank A. Lawler, George H. McGinerty, James A. Mulaly, Frank McArdle, A. J. McGee, Joseph Neilan, Dan J. Nicolls, Joseph A. O Donnell, Edward A. O Neill, John Pierson, Charles F. Raye, George A. Reid, John A. Reach, John Rourke, George W. Robe, Walter B. Sedgley, Charles H. Smith, Ed ward Valento, Emil A. Weins, Francis Warren, William Walsh, Henry; F. Young. COMPANY I SAN FRANCISCO Captain, Reinhold Richter; Lieutenants O. F. Huber, Frank K. Moore; Sergeants Henry Lemeteyere, M. J. Sheahan, William Golly, Henry Stotzenwald; Corporals Clarence A. Son, Henry Bucking, H. G. Mathewson, John G. Cappleman, S. J. Gillis; Musicians, John J. Van Staden, Cornelius Ryan; Privates George Balleu, Thomas E. Allen, H. W. Ayers, John E. Balke, Alex Bernard, H. J. Blackman, William T. Bogert, E. M. Boysan, B. F. Budd, Josiah L. Carr, Joshua W. Carr, Henry Cas-tagnino, Americo Chilini, Edward Connell, L. Crane, John A. Daly, Albert G. Dietrick, J. J. Dremmerand, W. H. Faxan, John T. Flynn, James R. Franklin, Joseph Fritz, F. E. Funge, F. L, Funze, Charles C. Garfield, Eugene Geary, A. H. Green, John F. Hale, James F. Halsey, Harry Hall. W. R. Hanna, McPherson Harri- eoii, Philip Heinz, Fred E. Hoar, Frederick H. Just, Charles Lambe, John H. Liddle, Robert Luhn, William Lundy, James I. Mackin, Frank W. Manning, H. F. McSorley, J. M. Murtha, George W. Nepp, George B. Newberry, R. W. Nicholson, James E. Norton, Daniel ^ Neil, Harry C. Payson, Corwin S. Perry, Michael Quill, P. T. Randi, Elijah Redell, John C. Reitz, John Rescho, George Rosenberg, Tor. Rosemlund, Ignitius Salituri, William A. Schmitz, John Shay, George Sheldon, George D. Siebertt, Charles E. Stuart, G. E. Williams, Thomas Witt- ship, Charles H. Wiseman, William Young. COMPANY K SAN FRANCISCO Captain, T. J. Cunningham; First Lieutenant, E. D. Finley; Second Lieutenant, C. W. Seely; Quartermaster Sergeant, J. Bergman; Ser geant, A. R. Farless; Corporals H. Myers, H. L. Detrick; Musicians H. N. Craig, H. J. Wilson; Privates E. Barnes, W. K. Bush. J. M. Cassidy, W. J. Daley, J. A. Devany, R. S. Green, E. L. Green^ B. D. Hoffman, M. R. Rolling, A. J. Hynes, P. J. Kelly, W. E. Kemp, P. Kurtz, L. J. Mayer, C. J. Mund, E. M. O Reilly, E. Stamper, B. P. Walls F. E. Young, A. T. Alcott, Clarence F. Alwill, William H. Bessae George S. Brooks, Herbert M. Brace, William P. Callahan, James Con- ncly, Thomas J. Conway, F. A. Corbusier, Emanuel De Sausa, Charles R. Detrick, Thomas F. Dean, Robert W. Dodd, Alfred R. Dole, Joseph. Douovan, Malcolm Elliott, William E. Ellis, Elmer W. Emmett, John 144 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. A. Fegan, Emmett M. Fowler, Harvey Fry, Edward E. Craw, Roy E. Guidery, John P. Harkins, Robert W. Hartwell, James E. Hicks, Will iam W. Holling, Henry Reiser, James C. Kane, Philip C. Kern, Harry H. Kluie, George F. Knacke, Joseph J. Katinger, Granville E. Leavitt, William Lee, George Lull, Joseph H. Livisey, Arthur F. Lundberg, Thomas F. Nowlah, Harold G. Parks, William E. Ferryman, William D. Potter, George L. Rees, Arthur T. Roper, Justin H. Stewart, John R. Stowe, John R. Switzer, Chester A. Thomas, Ernest F. Townsend, Frank N. Turtou, Jeremiah Turpin, Robert Westcott, Will R. White, Clarence M. Wardace, Emil Wetheral, William Welder, William A. Wrigley. COMPANY L SAN FRANCISCO Captain, John F. Eggert; First Lieutenant, Henry E. Curzons; Sec ond Lieutenant, Albert C. Adler; Sergeants F. J. Grundman, J. M. Foley; Corporals H. G. Leffmann,* H. G. Coleman, Julian Kraiiner, Theodore Kruse; Musicians H. Gordon, E. H. Sengstack; Privates R. K. Davis, P. J. Finn, E. J. Leary, J. C. Dauber, T. A. Marlowe, H. J. Mangels, F. L. Noriega, F. C. Owens, W. B. Porter, D. I. Rogers, H. G. Rreese, E. Abrams, H. J. Anderson, C. B. Addington,L.Burchard, H. Bittell, A. Buhl, F. S. Brown, P. G. Broad, B. M. Clancey, C. W. Clifton, H. J. Collins, T. F. Collins, G. Donovan, . Deckleman, J. Doi-elly, A. H. Daly, G. C. Eldridge, W. J. Eaton, R. B. Ellis, . Fiske, W. J. Furry, E. E. Grogean, F. C. Haley, F. A. Healey, L. J. Harrison, P. Hiatt, M. R. Kruse, J. C. Klesow, H. J. F. Leffenan, M, T. Loftus, A. J. Lacroix, F. H. Loucke, A. W. Loftus, L. i^aurenson, A. Meyer, G. A. Marshall, P. McLaughlin, W. F. Miller, L. Morris, R. R. Mc Gregor, D. McKenzie, J. E. Munster, J. G. McGlynn, C. J. Molke, G. M. C. Nelson, F. W. Neil, J. L. Osborn, Don Prior, J. W. Parnow, H. Ryan, R. A. Stanton, E. D. Schoppe, W. H. Van Hofen, S. Widdi- fielcl, J. H. Wohltman, C. J. Wohlers, J. C. White, A. Wigand, E. Witti- man, W. H. Wheeler, H. P. Yerg. COMPANY M SAN FRANCISCO Captain, Thomas F. O Neil; Lieutenant, C. J. Hogan; Sergeants EJ. W. Rivers, W. L. Wall, William P. Maher; Corporals E. C. Stroth, J. W. Maher, C. E. Noyes, F. L. Kelly, C. G. Kiey, M. S. McNeil, T. F. Maher, T. Graves; Musician, Albert Ames; Privates A. J. Bogan, M. S. Bradley, J. C. Corcoran, D. J. Curley, P. H. Fisher, G. H. Fay, Charles E. Johnson, F. J. Kerrigan, F. W. McDonald, A. F. Mein- hardt, W. O Donnell, F. L. Owens, T. P. O Brien, T. J. O Neil, A. Pink- ert, J. J. Reardan, J. P. Sheridan, J. M. Smith, O. G. Volkman, John H. Beyle, Herbert L. Barrows, Harry A. Baily, James J. Borree, Nelson B. Borree, Oscar Basney, Patrick J. Bartlett, Stephen Burdell, Thomas J. Belton, Richard Collopy, John J. Clancy, E. C. Duwer, William L. Daley, Joseph Downey, Dan J. Gorman, Louis Graham, Ellis B. Holmes, Dennis J. Kelly, Michael J. Lyons, Almy A. Lawton, Paul Langer, E. Mervin, Thomas Michaelson, John M. Miller, Jacob J. Mahr, Hugh P. McSwegan, Matthew F. McHugh, Frank W. Newbert, Frank C. O Neill, Charles A. Pracht, Frank Paulson, Frank Prideaux, John L. Quinn, Thomas J. Rock, Andrew J. Reilly, James H. Ravekas, /ames T. Shaw, Charles T. Squire, John Sheill, Addison M. Stringer Jr., Arthur G. Sutherland Jr., Edgar A. Taylor, David B. Taylor, Alfred G. Waller. Carlton F. Whitton, John S. Wheeler. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 145 SIXTH REGIMENT. W. R. Johnson Lieutenant-Colonel, commanding Gus G. Grant Major R. K. Whitmore Major W. G. Dozier First Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant Acting Quartermaster and Commissary.. Thomas W. Johns First Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant Acting Regimental Adjutant and Ordnance Officer, COMPANY A STOCKTON Captain, C. H. Dasher; Lieutenants G. L. Doll, J. P. Morrell; Ser geants R. D. Wallam, R. W. Bonney, H. Kroeckel, Charles E. Woods, A. S. Edwards, A. M. Doll; Corporals F. A. Spence, C. L. Canfield, C. B. Manges, A. H. Jameson, J. E. Lindsay, H. A. Caldwell. Privates W. F. Anderson, W. Alger, B. Barden, A. J. Berryman, F. H. Black- man, J. S. Bryan, W. Capps, A. Carr, W. T. Gates, F. Coon, W. P. Da Carlie, H. C. Denny, George Dewel, A. L. Englehart, S. B. Endicott, C. F. Fruit, H. Gebhardt, M. F. Gebhardt, J. B. Goodwin, F. Grabill, I. A. Grabill, J. Green, W. Gunning, A. H. Hall, A. Hewlett, W. F. Hitchcock, C. J. Howell, P. Jensen, C. E. Keebler, E. W. Kellogg, K. L. Knight, W. E. Matthews, S. McDonough, J. E. McMullen, E. H. Mul- veny, L. B. McCoy, I. H. Noble, G. S. Ownings, A. Parsons, H. M. Pem broke, Oscar P. Pile, Charles F. Ramsey, Lee Riley, L. Rhodes, F. W. Reed, W. F. Rodgers, F. J. Scanlan, R. Stowell, T. R. Tuttle, H. C. Utt, W. Von Detten, W. Wells, G. Wagner, W. W. Wood. M. O. Wood, H. H Wilhelm, A. White, H. D. Lang, W. Hutchinson, H. C. Williams, S. McCurdy, W. T. Jenkins, G. Thurman, Edward Hardy, G. H. Korner. COMPANY B STOCKTON Captain, William Bruce; Lieutenants L. A. Eaton, J. Parnan; Ser geants C. M. Peters, F. A. Elliott, W. E. Laurie, F. R. Gibson, J. W. Bram, C. E. Korell; Corporals W. A. Hedge, W. Hendershot, W. M. Lanigan, N. J. Vizelich, H. J. Porter, George W. Lockhead; Musi cians A. P. Giovanassi, William R. Diffendorfer; Privates G. W. Archibald, W. H. Aldridge, E. Anthony, R. A. Beard, G. Batting, H. W. Chase, P. Clarity, A. H. Clyma, F. W. Confer, A. M. Dangle, John Dougherty, John B. Duffey, William F. Dwyer, Charles Donanovich, R. K. Edwards, J. E. Edwards, C. E. Elliott, R. H. English, C. Fisher, A. Fisher, J. E. Gilbert, T. J. Gilbert, A. H. Gocke, E. S. Hickman, R. J. Hildum, H. L. Kite, J. Jurgenson, H. G. King, E. J. Kirwin, Will iam Layton, M. Lesnenni, E. Lewis, A. R. Lombard, J. McGee, A. I. Miller, G. R. Morse, S. R. McKay, M. G. Neto, G. O. Newcomb, I. E. Norris, L. Ososki, L. Palmer, B. Farmer, S. Peri, G. A. Pile, T. D. Por- tor, F. Pottle, K. Reynolds, S. L. Shook, E. R, Strother, H. Swank, W. 146 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR, A. Tate, J. A. Triest, M. O. Trobaugh, J. F. Troutman, Harry L. Tuttle, A. C. Ward, T. Ward, J. Wyatt, M. M. Packer, H. H. Siebe, G. C. Cleve land, J. J. Kenney. COMPANY C FRESNO Captain, George O. Duncan; Lieutenants J. D. Jones, Edward Jones; Sergeants J. A. Develin, F. E. Norton, Edward Magee, W. Ferguson, F. M. Holaday, W. S. Scott; Corporals Charles A. Brutsch, George L. Traber, F. W. Watkins, M. O. Rogers, Edward G. Wright* Alfred Jagger; Musicians F. J. Knouiock, C. M. Noyes; Privates Andrew Anderson, William Anderson, A. L. Akers, L. M. Abrogast, E. L. Albin, L. P. Annaux, J. W. Bradford, D. W. Blakey, David Baker, >L. L. Babcock, F. F. Bartlett, T. N. Barrett, M. K. Bennett, F. W. Clark, N. B. Converse, R. F. Chapman, F. F. Detoy, N. F. Densmore, L. S. Dennick, H. J. Fairbank, David Forbes, F. G. Forgey, W. J. Faber, Gordon C. Griffin, Will P. Green, John E. Gates, Elmer Gates, John Gray, J. A. Hutchinson, F. G. Hodgkinson, Will L. Hills, W. A. Hutchinson, Will Kelly, W. A. Katsch, Charles H. Ledsinger, C. H. Law son, F. C. Lofthouse, Charles E. Morss, Lot. L. Mitchell, Henry H. Mills, Robert North, Jo Seph Phelps, D. E. Robinson, J. W. Rogers, John Roberts, Jesse E. Roberts, Edward B. Russell, A. J. Scott, W. B. Scott, L. L. Scott, D. H. Spence, E. H. Shell, Smutz, George A. Sul livan, L. F. Thorn, E. R. Tvrede, James G. Wofford, O. C. Wilcox, F., P. Wills, George H. Wills, Hiram E, Williams, J. G. Wintemute r Charles E. Whitney, A. E. Woodard. H. T. Hutchinson. COMPANY D MODESTO Captain, D. W. Morris; Lieutenants G. H. Frcitas, H. L. Walthall? Sergeants W. E. Stuart, C. A. Hanson, R. S. Powell, J. L. Conrad, G H. Ingle, J. R. James; Corporals W. H. Fawcett, F. W. Webb, A. L. Hamlin, R. L. Wade, G. B. Leet, C. F. Zander; Musician, W. Bury; Privates A. J. Albright, W. H. Arnold, F. Bradley, J. Boinard, W. J Bell, T. O. Brasher, P. Bowen, F. M. Carsom, C. F. Call, W. C. chris- teen, W. Duchran, W. Estes, C. Foster, C, Gardner, W. Harris, W, Hofman, O. Jensen, R. Kattestart, F. Kane, F. Lees, E. Luttrell, H. Martin, F. Marsher, W. Masterson, W. Mavey, E. McDowell, F. Me- Daniel, E. Muller, W. Oxendine, J. O Neill, J. Porter, C. Prewett, E. Rinehart, J. Rhea, M. Rasmussen, C. Robertson, W. Robertson J. Rafter, A. Rose, R. Reeves, E. Randall. F. Smith, E. Silsby, T. Smith! E. Sperry, M. Smith, A. Stolper, L, Serrano, W. Survice, B! Settle, T* Steinberger, C. Sellman, I. Stanley, C. Scott, H. Travers , G Tharp J* Tombs, N. Ullom, A. Walker, J. Williams, F. Wilson, I. Webster C. ,Witt, A. Woodsen, W. WhitLock, C. Wrightson, T. S. Wilson, D. Nolan- COMPANY E VISALIA Captain G L. Adams; Lieutenants-C. A. Spier, Frank W. Mixterr Sergeants-Charles A. Hamrick, Charles Lofland, W. S. Shipp^y A Shippey, D. H. Rowland; Corporals-R. H. Deming Cha?le F Hafley, John L. Bowen, P. Schroeder, H. H. Mixter, P. B Seville- Ma- sicians-Earl W. Wescott, Henry Harlan; Privaies-R L , Be asoS James E. Cooper, E. T. Cortner, George De Bolt, W. E Durfely G M A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 147 BIder, G. O. Griggs, J. E. LfnttCll, E. Linnell, Fred Morrison, Ed P. Myers, George Powell, Charles D. Smith, Thomas J. Steinkelner, F. A. Thomas. J. P. Wilkinson, I. E. Abbott, L. Anderson, C. C. Atwell, James Bacon, N. Baker, Charles B. Barlow, F. E. Benn, I. R. Bliss, William F. Brown, C. E. Bryant, R. H. Britten, Kit Carson, C. E. Cole, Charles H. Cornelius. J. G. Danielson, G. H. DeWolf. T. D. Depew, R. A. Drais, James E. Donnelly, G. Earnhart, M. L. Fleming, James E. Finnerty, William K. Ficklin, A. H. Garrison, O. H. Hafley, F. P. Hag- ler, Oscar Harlan, Gustave Hennis, E. C. Jones, George P. Jordans, Charles B. Koo-ntz, Thomas P. L. Lloyd, Charles A. Myers, H. B. New man, A. St. J. Oliver, Charles S. Peabody, George Phebus, F. W. Reed, S. E. Rice, John F. Russell, Charles Schleifer, B. F. Sherman, N. H. Soogian, F. A. Townsend, W. J. Traejer, R. S. Wiggin, James A. Wiley, John H. Woodard, George Young, A. R. Shippey, Robert Will son. COMPANY F FRESNO Captain, John F. Lucey; Lieutenants J. A. McMartin, J. L. Hughes; First Sergeant, W. D. Bessey; Quartermaster-Sergeant, W. L. Thomp son; Sergeants G. M. Francis, J. W. Gray, J. Milliken, J. Alexander; Corporals W. C. Measure, A. J. Pettidider, J. T. Mulligan, A. Snyder, R. Fairchild, J. Sherburn; Musicians L. M. Pollard, J. A. Griffin; Privates M. Adams, O. J. Addison, Bert Anderson, F. W. Arnold, E. R. Barfoot, D. E. Barney, D. L. H. Bennett, C. H. Bilderbeck, J. J. Byrne, P. T. Casey, G. E. Coe, R. A. Connor, B. D. Conrad, A. D. Cook, C. C. Crever, J. Crowley, J. T. Curtis, T. Davenport, A. C. Davis, T. M. Denton, R. T. Dixon, R. T. Dunton, O. M. Faulkner, A. W. Fisher, J. Fricke, Howard Goblin, H. Gray, F. Gunter, F. H. Gwinn, B. T. Han cock, Homer Hapeman, D. O. Hilderbrandt, H. Heintz, G. W. Hodge, C. Harrigan, J. H. Johnson, A. T. Jones, E. T. Kellogg, J. W. Leslie, C. Lusie, W. B. Ludlow, C. A. Martin, J. B. McCarthy, J. O. McNairne, . Moone, H. A. Moynahau, J. A. Mulligan, F. S. O Brien, M. J. Olea, Charles Redman, F. D. Ryan, Charles J. Schultz, G. W. Scott, F. Sil vers, H. T. Smith, W. O. Smith, C. H. Steigler, E. P. Stoddard, E. Stover, Thomas M. Stra.hn, T. J. Temple, T. J. Torpey, E. T. White, William L Woodman, A. Ward, H. Y. Zink, H. Zumwalt. COMPANY G BAKERSFIELD Captain, W. H. Cook; Lieutenants Lucian Beer, B. A. Hay den ^. Sergeants K. C. Masteller, J. T. Dimbleby, C. E. Harding, H. J. Haley, F. J. Downey, C. L. Dunn; Corporals J. G. Broom, C. R. Blodget, F, H. Stanley, W. J. Reddy, G. D. Zeh, John Pennington; Musicians L- E. Moon, C. W. Kirk; Privates A. H. Abrams, J. C. Ashby, C. W* Ballinger, H. Barclay, I. Barnes, W. Barnes, J. Barnes, William Barn- liart, J. L. Benoit, F. F. Blackington, Earl Bodley, H. H. Boren, D. E< Brewer, A. A. Brunty, A. M. Cammack, E. W. Chandler, C. M. Colton, W. T. Colton, A. S. Colton, E. R. Crane, A. S. Crites, G. S. Crites, F. W. Crocker, L. A Cunningham, J. R. Daly, T. E. Davis, B. L. Dinwiddie, Eugene Dixon, R. Durnall, A. R. Elder, D. Fielder, G. N. Fraser, R. E. <L. Garner, W. G. Garrison, Charles Gorby, Fred Hamilton, W. G. Hew itt, F. M. Hicks, E. A. Hicks, W. T. Hunt, L. A. Ice, G. C. Ingles, W. H. Kelso, F. J. Kincaid, A. Kunkelman, O. C. Lindgren, G. O. Manley, John Manning, F. H. Mills, E. T. Munsey, H. P. McKenzie, W. Olds, C. H. Ortte, J. H. Paulk, W. H. Powers, E. J. Ruddy, John Savage, A. R, THE WAR. Shurtleff, Jesse Timson, I. W. Tucker, S. P. Walser, J. B. vare, G. W. West, A. T. Whittam, H. C. Winter. COMPANY H MERCED Captain, A. S. Guthrie; First Lieutenant, R. Vandenheuval; Sec ond Lieutennt, A. R. Newell; Sergeants J. L. Harper, T. L. Bear- wald, Milo Bingam, H. Gosner, L. E. Berry, James Barbour; Cor porals W. G. Marshall, I. O. Christie, L. A. Hooper, J. W. Kelly, H. C. Seymour, J. H. Eaton; Musicians M. Pospishek, H. Y. Law; Pri vates C. C. Bettencourte, W. Casad, B. F. Griffith, G. M. Hollidge, J. A. Johnson, M. H. Keegan, C. R. Shaffer, J. E. H. Siehs, L. R. Steele, A. W. Anderson, R. Atherton, C. C. Barfield, C. F. Bartlett, F. Baum- bach, C. Brandt, N. Bruce, J. M. Collins, L. O. W. Culbertson, W. E. Dalton, F. Dodson, W. C. C. Eggleston, G. S. Estey, G. W. Farrar, W. D. Farrar, J. B. George, J. Greenwood, H. H. Hail, P. Hansen, J. C. Harrington, L. Hawlett, N. Isnor, C. W. Lewis, J. A. Lewis, J. McCann, M. McLaughlin, G. B. McNeill, G. Mason, J. F. Mitchell, J. G. Mull, G. E. Myers, W. F. Neundorff, W. Nolan, R. Nunenmaker, M. L. Pease, W. G. Raitt, V. J. Sage, L. B. Silvey, W. Stern, +. F. b^ockman, J. E. Traxler, J. Wagenbauer, E. A. Walters, W. H. Wegner, A. ii. Wheeler, G. A. Williams, S. H. Wills, A. E. Wood, F. P. Yates, F. R. Michel, H. M. Burke, W. J. Ford, J. W. Higgins, E. G. Lonergan, F. Paul, W. Rusch, R. W. Sicafoose, F. Wickenhauser. SEVENTH REGIMENT. John R. Berry Colonel Commanding William G. Schreiber Lieutenant-Colonel Frank C. Prescott Major D*nn R. Weller Major Wi lliam O. Welch Major Herbert D. Alfonso Captain and Adjutant Amos W. Kimball First Lieutenant and Quartermaster James J. Choate Major and Surgeon William C. Roblee Captain and Surgeon Philip W. Russell Captain and Surgeon Ira. C. Ladd Captain and Assistant Surgeon H. E. Higbey First Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant John D. Frederick First Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant Charles P. Fenner First Lieutenant and Battalion Adjutant Alf i ed S. Clark Captain and Chaplain Raymond S. Follm er Sergeant-Major John E. Sullivan Quartermaster Sergeant Paul Heydenreich Principal Musician Robert Burns Principal Musician Edw ard G. Bradley Chief Musician Arnott L. Marsh Hospital Steward In-. A. Allen Hospital Steward James M. Lothrop Hospital Steward BAND Jesse Fountain, John C. Jacques, Joseph J. Jones, Grovo Kctchum, F. E. Malone, M. F. Pierce, A. L. Randall, George H. Spen- *** Claude Woolman, R. W. Whitney, Thomas B. Weed. COMPANY A LOS ANGELES Captain, R. Wankowski; First Lieutenant, H. A. Bates; Second Lieutenant, A. W. Bradbury; First Sergeant; H. C. Miles. Sergeants R. McReynolds, A. S. Clark, George O. Lockwood, Frank D. Shearer, L. C. Welle; Corporals J. C. Specht, J. Macmillan, L. E. Foster, H. G. French, S. L. Holt, George E. Austin; Musicians F. L. Schueddig, Frank J. Beaver; Privates L. C. Dalton, C. Blezalda, E. P. Goetz, E. A. Johnson, L. T. Johnson, O. I. Lockwood, L, T. McKee, C. H. W. Pratt, F. C. Prescott, Jr., G. A. Reeves, G. C. Rhein, F. F. Asken, J. C. Barr, Charles T. Bradshaw, James Breen, Miles S. Brown, A. J. Bruce. Max Brust, Charles T. Bullard, H. C. Chapin, D. B. Camp, Brett Clark, John D. Cornell, M. M. Dalton, Roy Davis, Burt Den mitt, Richard Desmond, A. C. DeMotte, C. I. Eaton, L. H. Eaton, B. C. Evans, R. S. Garrett, G. M. Goor, C. M. Harrick, W. H. Holt, E. M. Hopper, I. L. Isaacs, John W. Kohane, A. M. -Jein, Joseph. Laventhal, George A. Law, Earl R. Lorance, W. H. Lyon, George F. Mead, William R. Morrison, C. I. MacReynolds, Charles Millan, Joseph Bobbins, A. J. Russ, Charles E. Shular, C. G. Searle, H. L. Smith, Joe L. Smith, William H. Taylor, C. L. Thomson, D. T. Thompson, F. U. Velzy, I. E. White, H. C. Wilson, R. M. Galbreth, H. C. Hodgson, T. L. Krcbs, John M. Maquone, Clemens Schmitz, Carl J. Christensen. COMPANY B SAN DIEGO Captain, R. V. Dodge; Lieutenants J. C. Mielke, George T. Lemon; Sergeants H. S. Johnstone, C. E. Chase, John M. Smith, F. A. Heil- bron, Alvin E. Wright; Corporals E. A. Lavin, Charles B. Ogden, E. H. Donn, R.C. Byers, A. M. Pullman, John M. Loop; Musicians Leroy Arnold, H. L. Griffith; Artificer George H. Horden; Wagoner- George R. Minter; Privates F. A. Gillen H. E. Krause, J. O. Lapp, W. A. Traver, F. W. Tupper, Chas. M. Bryan, Herbert Beckwith, Frank E. Barbour, F. E. Chapman, E. E. Cox, F. H.Catherwood,D.B.Dodson,W. T. Drury, John E. Ellis, W. M. Farmer, F. Gillespie, E. F. Golding, N. Hansen, C. S. Hall, H. C. Israel, F. Johnson, N. A. Jolls, J. R. King ston, Frank Lee, J. N. Maddox, R. B. Miller, F. A. Mailander, H. R. Marshall, O. D. Marshall, William J. Miller, M. M. Moulton, C. A. McDermouth, C. F. McNealy, James F. McCleary, G. J. McKenzie, Andy J. McCollen, Robert D. McClain, George E. Conaughy, George W. Noble, H. L. Parsons, C. E. Plaisance, Edward Powers, D. D. Rimch, A. E. Roberts, R. O. Rude, John P. Russell, D. G. Sampson, James B. Scott, Roy Stowell, James E. Swycaffer, W. M. Thompson, E. E. Thompson, D. A. Thompson, Jose Villa, A. D. Worden, John W. Wheeler, Jr., John Warren, P. E. Woods, Emil Dobler, William Har vey, C. C. Overshiner, George P. Sikes, C. T. Tichborne, George War ner. COMPANY C LOS ANGELES Captain, S. T. Langworthy; Lieutenants F. Cole, James A. Holden? Sergeants A. C. F. Dee, W. H. Courtney, F. W. Hall, A. R. Story, Charles H. Brown; Corporals G. F. Wonnersley, A. G. Coulson, James E. Hill, Charles S. Church, James E. F. Aiken, H. O. Preston; Musi ciansCharles Lehn, Ray W. Scott; Artificer William B. Higgins; Wagoner George B. Dunn; Privates L. Allenson, C. J. Baker, J. H. Burke, D. P. Bottroff, B. G. Cleveland, J. S. Davidson, W. Davis, Jr., G. Fisher, A. .R. Hazeltine, A. Kohler, F. J. Pollock, W. S. Prine, W. H. Schueddig, T. B. Scott, F. H. Smith, George E. Aull, R. W. Aver* 150 A CHRONICLE OP THE WAR. E. N. Baker, A. A. Berryman, S. E. BrHton, C. R. Bryant, William H, Carter. E. G. Chfcdsey, Charles B. Christy, Ben R. Glark, William J. Clark, Homer L. Cole, Ross Cummings, Lee L. Daris, William Dodge, Jr., William Gill, A. J. Grant, O. W. Hann, L. N. Huff, W. W. Ingraham, F. J. Kupper, S. B. Kmtz, William B. Laugfin, George Liclgerwood, Jr., Alva L, McDonald, Charles S. MeEwen, John J. Miller, P. Meissen, Prelen A. Molmark, Frank Nightwine, C. E. Pom- eroy, Leander Quint, Bert Rees, Albert Reinschild, Roy Rogers, Bert Ross, E. F. Schulz, James B. Scott, Charles E. Sheppard, George W. Simpson, Raymond M. Smith, Charles R. Story, E. G. Thomas, Oteo Thomas, R. O. Whiteside, H. G. Whitlock, Charles G. Wilmon, Jr., C. H. Wood, F. C. Woodward, G. C. Davidson. COMPANY D POMONA Captain, Harry T. Matthews.; Lieutenants John A. Eason, Samuel Crawford; Sergeants E. F. Schoch, Charles E. Dudley, Alba M. Hurtt, Leon F. Beckett, Charles F. Spencer; Corporals O. A. Charlton, Chauncey M. Baughman, Thomas E. Mills, John R. Crapo, Elera J. Mead; Privates D. Andrews, H. N. Barnes, F. J. Baker, C. F. Bo wen, C. B. Brown, W. Charlton, G. C. Day, C. A. Johnson, L. W. Heath, Milo S. Bowen, Sam Butler, Hugh A. Broaded, Horace Bickford, N. J. Bishop, ^. A. Carter, E. V. Caldwell, J. B. Cashon, George W. Dorr, Oa*kar F. Ek, Harry E. Fromyer, G. A. Gaylord, John G. Gibson, Charles W. Harris, B. Hawkins, H. F. Kerwig, John H. Hill, E. H. Keller, H. E. Lane, John Linstruth, Clarence P. Longwell, Carlyle E. Latta, Maurice E. Ludd-en, C. F. Lichtenwalter, Roy Miner, O. B. Man chester, William F. McKennon, B. McKennon, A. R. Newcomb, T. E. O Neill, C. M. Peters, M. J. Pierce, E. C. Patton, G. D. Percival, Henry Roberts, F. E. Rothaermel, J. A. Rightmier, A. L. Stone, C. R. Staples, John A. Simmons, Ezra Snoke, W. Tom Soott, F. A. Snook, C. P. Talbert, C. E. Underwood, E. C. Wright, C. P. White, Fred Moody, B. L, Wells, F. E. Wilson, O. E. Watson, H. E. Ward, David Wanner, George W. Yarrow, C. B. Young, Carl Ziegler, P. A. Burnett, Charles H. Hinton, Charles McLachlan, William E. Stevens, Earl B, Wallace, COMPANY E Captain, Charles H. Fernand; Lieutenants O. G. Kenney; John I. McKenna; Sergeants Ruy R Moore, George H. Skinner, O. J. Hardi- son, Ray Mitchell, Charles E. Bell, Frederick W. Cole; Corporals- James F. Rolls, James H. Rogers, Charles M. Sackett, W. T. Steele> Z. G. Graham, William L. Hagenbaugh; Musicians H. A. Burrows, William F. Davis; Privates G. S. Allen, Jr., F. W. Allen, H. F. Bandy, P. W. Bradley, Charles F. Benn, Alex Bell, F. O. Boughn, M. Barnett, Aug. Beard, Frank Beard, William D. Blair, LeRoy Confer, D. N. Cuc-imings, W. L. Cook, J. J. Daly, Charles W. Davidson, A. L. De Nure, Charles O. Dewey, J. J. Dunn, E. M. Frankland, George Fergu son, George W. Farrell, O. L. Freeman, John H. Glazebrook, M. J. Hill. R. W. Hickok, E. W. Bobbs, C. F. Hewett, George P. Hanna, A. R House, James H. Jeffs, F. M. Kelsey, F. W. Lloyd, Charles M. Logan, E. S. Logsdon, George H. Lattemore, James R. McKell, R. E. Mahan, William Mullen, Guy McGhee, James M. Morris, R. J. New man, John L. Pound, Henry Pruitt, Charles N. Puckett, H. W. Per kins, A. O. Roseveare, T. E. Rosenberg, C. R. Rice, F. G. Russell, F. H. Danborn, O. V. Sprague, C. M. Stone, M. G. Seeley, I. E. Smith, A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 151 Nathan Sharp, T. G. Shafer, R. S. Torrey, G. Thurmond, L. C. Weis- bach, Fred Williams, Orry S. White, A. H. Wilder, H. u Williams. COMPANY F LOS ANGELES Captain, F. L. Reynolds; First Lieutenant, J. A. Winans; Second Lieutenant, J. A. Wymans; Sergeants G. * erguson, W. A. Wing, H. E Culver, Frank Harlan, T. O. H. Bogalsky, Roy C. Prentiss; Corpor als R. M. Conley, L. E. Meyer, L. P. Neitz, K. E. Tomlinsoii, Canby Hewitt, Benjamin C. Robinson; Musicians George Bacon, S. J. Van Bu?kirk; Privates N. D. Bennett, P. D. Caulkins, L. A. Florentin, H, Johnson, G. S. Lockwood, R. W. Lewis, F. H. McGuire, J. R. Po\vers, J. T. Price, F. L. Anderson, William Benson, Edward J. Borgmeyer, Robert E. L. Eryan, William Brennier, F. C. Bledsoe, H. H. Capell, R. G. Corbin, C. E. Chappelear, J. J. Chaney, Leopold De Los Rios, C. A. Dalton, John H. Drew, H. L. Dunton, Frank J. Earl, Leonard Fox, Charles Freedman, Charles E. Fisk, Clinton C. Finley, Edward Gibson, Speed C. Guyer, H. L, Hathaway, Hugo Mathias, Hans H. Hemb, E. P. Keogh, W. E. King, S. L. Kerns, H. H. Morgan, C. A. Miller, F. H. McQuaid, T. J. ^IcMullin, U. G. Neff, A. E. L. Neit- zke, F. L. Pugh, T. J. Roessen, F. L. Reade, M. C. Rissinger, E. G Stiles, A. J. Swift, John Sheerer, Sam Solomon, C. F. Samuelson, William S. Tuthill, John W. Winder, Melvin Young, Allen W. Benja min, William H. Ball, E. S. Bany, William S. Deets, H. K. Perdew, C. J. Stone, Jr. COMPANY G REDLANDS Captain, George S. Biggin; First Lieutenant, George M. Smallwood* Second Lieutenant. Lewis Palmtag; Sergeants G. E. Cryer, H. F. H. Brown, L. K. Brown, Frank Cook, James E. Hoskig, Jacob Kir- clier; Corporals E. S. Lo-gie, W. H. Fletcher, Charles Ford; A. G. Reynolds, O. H. Burton, James F. Earl; Musicians Wilbert R. Sisson, Charles Danielson; Privates J. G. Baldridge, A. W. Hunt, C. J. Johnson, E. B. Lukens, F. J. Michaelis, C. L. Rucher, J. A. Mack, Jr., John H. Toll, Joseph Allen, William E. Arnold, William W. fien ds, Peter Brooks, Albert C. Brown, A. P. A. Brown, George J. Butler, Frank P. Corbin, George C. Cousins, F. W. Cryer, Oliver Cummins, Frank Curless, S. P. Derbyshire, Frank S. DicKs, Peter Dickie, Will iam W. Dixon, Charles E. Foster, Henry A. Fowler, P. B. Greason, James M. Gwin, Lemuel B. Gwin, Hugh. C. Gwynn, Clifford Heidt, H. S. Hinckley, N. B. Irons, John S. Kindcher, Clarence B. Kline, George W. Knapp, M. J. Lewis, Cornelius Lyman, Archie MacGrady, William Marske, August Millard, H. J. McCormick, Thomas J. O Brien, John O Dea, William K. Pettit, Frank C. Preston, Adam Reising, B. L. Roberts, W. H. Ross, A. J. Rhodes, N. C. Scott, A. C. Sheppard, A. C, Sherman, M. D. Sherrard, M. E. Shorey, Jr., Frank Thomas, William D. Tuirmonds, Charles F. Tilden, Frank J. Valdez, George A. Weber, George A. Willet, Jr., Oscar V. Williams, Eugene W. Woodbury, JU J. Wood. COMPANY H VENTURA Captain. A. W. Browne; Lieutenants John W. Hammons, James R. Daly; Sergeants J. C. Larmer, F. C. Hunt, George W. Johnson, Leroy C. Bates, Samuel P. Rowe, George H. Baker; Corporals Jesse C. Joy, Charles E. Huston, Charles A. Gondolfo, C. P. Eastin, John Hund, J. M. Waterman; Musician A. O B. Browne; Privates Frank 152 A CHRONICLE CF THE WAR. Blackstock, Lester W. Bernheim, John C. Barnard, William S. Bell, Haiirmn Corey, H. W. Churchman, George L. Daly, J. O. Dockery, Dennis P. Hickey, William Illenstein, Harry Hunt, Oliver T. Jones, William A. Larison, Thomas McGuire, John R. Orton, Frank I. Rodi- baugh, Albert Swasey, George G. Arnold, Frank Butler, M. M. Collins, E. T. Carter, John W. Clark, George H. Cuplin, Robert Craig, Joseph. S. Donaldson, Fred L. Danford, William iiagon, Oscar Fish, Martin Fitch, John A. Fake, Harry P. Flint, Henry C. Foltz, Thomas Friend, James R. Fraser, C. H. Gillespie, William Hamilton, William W. Hunter, M. C. Hobart, Cephas Jones, William A. Larison, S. Loren- ZQIIO, L. H. LeValley, H. Lehme, James M. Mikesell, H. G. Masgrove, Martin Maher, Victor Mungari, W. H. Martin, John Mitchell, William H. Marcelaine, Thomas O Donnell, R. W. Pidduck, A. J. Reynolds, William A. Rowland, F. H. Rodibaugh, George R. Reynolds, Gabriel Ruiz, A. L. Russell, R. H. Staples, William C. Smith, Charles R. Shel don, Rea W. Smith, Charles A. Tripp, Sam W. Tyson, Harry E. Wil son, John D. Wiltfong, Thomas Wilden. COMPANY I PASADENA Captain, W. L. Lippenco-tt; Lieutenants F. B. Thayer, Harry La V. Twining; Sergeants W. S. Keyler, J. A. Griggs, E. I. Packard, H. E. Stibbens, L. D. Collins; Corporals A. C. Jones, E. G. Weil, J. E. Colston, F. E. Billhuner, Frank H. Nixon, F. H. Burtt; Musicians F. R. Jones, Charles A. Findley; Privates F. G. Cooper, J. L. de Groot, William G. Allen, James H. Buchanan, Charles F. Buchanan, George W. Banbury, M. S. Banbury, Joseph E. Barrett, A. P. Bar- thclomy, George A. Batchelder, N. H. Cox, W. Copping, Thomas D. Davis, J. H. E. Everett, P. G. Garlick, Charles W. Greene, H. F. Gentry, I. J. Hobart, H. E. Kuntzman, William E. King, E. F. Kooper, Louie W. Lange, Claude Laytham, Charles D. McKee, George Metz, Samuel A. McCormick, R. McManaman, J. P. Osborn, George W. Per- viance, James F. Presnall, James L. Pettigrew, Charles R. Poole, R. H. Reed, L. J. Packard, S. J. Reed, H. G. Sutton, John Sprague, David F. Swift, H. M. Stowe, A. B. Slater, Arthur J. Santong, Geprge E. Smith, S. C. Sleet, W. B. Shaver, William H. Thrall, A. A. Thompson, Charles H. Yocum, W. A. Douglass, Lawrence O. Thorn burgh, I. S. Adams, A. H. Bandel, Paul D. Green, H. H. Galtman, Oscar S. Kunz- man. Warren P. Michener, F. J. McGowan, L. G. Regnier, Harry L*. Schofield, F. L. Clark. COMPANY K SAN BERNARDINO Captain, Orin P. Sloat; Lieutenants W. S. Seccombe, Arthur P. Holpin; Sergeants H. J. White, W. G. Bodkin, C. S. Rollins, John D. Matthews, William A. Roundtree, Byron W. Allen, Donald W. Stiong; Corporals D. L. Noble, A. J. Rodgers, Frederick J. Atkinson, Joseph P. Doyle, A. B. Gazzola, Joseph L. Whitlock; Musicians D. S. Brown, C. A. King; Privates John W. Averill, Frank Baker, Ed win, L. Barrows, Sherman G. Bachelor, William T. Baxter, Charles E. Binckley, Arthur Brill, Ned N. Brown, E. I. Cleveland, Leroy A. Co- burn, J. I. Cole, Paul B. Conant, W. S. Cooper, C. C. Corkhill, Riland Cox, Andrew Craig, John E. Grain, Charles E. Crawford, W. R. Davies, H. G. Davis, E. L. Davis, James P. Dolan, William H. Dubbs, Starkey Duncan. Albert D. Frantz, Rudolph A. Fremlin, Reuben B. Glaze, Cuthbert Gully, John Hall, George W. Hendley, James Hospelhorn, B. L. Houck, V. T. Johnson, Arden H. Kellar, Edwin La Niece, Will iam LeRue, George E. Lanterborn, John A. Magill, J. B. Mann, Ira & A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. J53 Martin, L. E. Mitchell, Thomas G. Mort, Charles K. McDonald, Robert Nelson, Charles H. Nicholson, H. N. Peck, George G. Osborn, R. C. Powell, John Purcell, William H. Ralston, Charles Reat, F. W. Singer, Jr.. K. E. Smith, J. W. Stollicker, George W. Swing, Theodore H. Tarbo X, Emery B. Tyler, William F. U. Ren, Arthur Walton, Joseph C. Wever, John Weil, Lemuel G. White, George E. Whitlock, William B. Williamson, Joseph L. Worley, John W. Young, Nicholas Young, COMPANY L SANTA ANA Captain, Solomon H. Finley; Lieutenants Walter A. Greenleaf, Lewis L. Vestal; Quartermaster Sergeant, A. F. Smiih; Sergeants- George Magill, L. R. Brock, John C. Abbey, Charles W. Hannah, Louis A. Barrett; Corporals W. B. Bowers, B. E. Jonnson, Clyde- L. Bishop, Earl G. Glenn, Emerson Collier, Francis L. Weber; Privates C. Adams, E. F. Barton, L. Carmack, M. C. Cooper, H. A. Chase, H. M. Day, W. Dunham, D. D. Field, H. F. Higley, C. Kepley, R. F. Vegeley, V. E. Zerman, Leonidas H. Adams, James A. Austin, Charles W. Barker, Charles E. Bowman, David Bush, Leroy L. Chandler, Emery A. Clough, Thomas Y. Dilley, William A. Eades, Gary M. Field, James Farmer, Birney H. Fisk, Guy W. Holladay, James S. Hatfield, Edwin C. Hickey, Wiel Higgins, Frank C. Ho Sler, Clinton Imes, Thomas B. Johnson, E. N. Kuizenga, Oscar S. Kurtz, John Love, Fred W. Lutz, Benjamin F. Lutz, Perry B. Lyon, Linton E. Manuel, John O. McGougan, William L. McDivitt, Charles W. McNaught, Bert C. McMurray, Thomas M. McReynolds, Joseph Mefford, Charles A. Win ter, Arthur Newman, Warner P. Nail, N. H. Northcross, Robert North- cross, Everett F. Ogborn, Clifton J. Overshiner, William Renner, Al bert H. Sitton, Samuel Shannon, W. C. Smith, A. R. Stedman, G. E. Talbot, Charles A. Turner, Harry G. Upham, Charles E. Waffle, Alof H. Warling, E. R. Bradbury, William P. Northcross, Gilbert Camp bell, Edward Evans. COMPANY M RIVERSIDE Captain, Charles F. Bann; First Lieutenant, H. J. Bedwell; Lieuten* ant, Charles B. Bayley; Sergeants Harry E. Mitchell, John T. Short, John W. Horton, William E. Thompson, Edward R. Nicholson, Foy D. Battle; Corporals C. J. Baldwin, D. F. Bell, G. B. Cox, E. A. Meacham, Francis M. Horton; Musicians Goss Bernard, Edwin A. Merwin; Privates S. M. Bloom, P. J. Bellinger, L. J. Burnham, C. A. Cover, W. D. Craig, W. Evans, B. F. Fairchild, A. D. Gage, H. F. Nel son, W. P. Pann, C. W. Rohrer, H. T. Harr, William T. Babcock, Frederick E. Barney, William H. Brunacombe, Dennis A. Ball, Charles B. Beldin, Hunter Bowen, Arthur D. Bell, John G. Bryan, George H. Crnapbell, Herbert S. Cunningham, Louis Craig, Judd C. Cleveland, Forest R. Cleveland, Thomas H. Dix, Cornelius Donaghue, Edgar Gardener, Herman Gessler, Edward Grant, Harry E. Goodrich, Henry Haskell, Myler M. Harris, Eddie A. Hart, Joseph R. Hamer, Scott LaRue, Rodger T. Labadie, Alex Law, David A. Moriarty, Warren J. Marsh, Robert V. Meyer, Edward H. Mercer, Eddie W. Mort, Otis H. Mcrt, Eugene C. Johnson, Clarence C. Jarvis, Jacob Jacobson, Daniel A. Newcomb, George E. Pomeroy, Floyd Pomeroy, John H. Petterson, William H. Painter, John W. Reck, Samuel H. Ralph, Walter R. Strong, George Scott, James J. Schultz, George D. Taylor, Harry To bias, Joseph N. Thornton, Jesse Van Meter, John M. Young, Fred erick Kniss, Philip N. Van Slyck, James J. Cook, Fenn D. Twogood, Ralph L. Ditto. 154 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR LOCATION AND DISTANCES OF THE PHILIPPINES. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 155 CUBA AND THE WEST INDIES. 156 A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. THE HARBOR OF MANILA. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 157 A CHRONICLE Of THE WAR. A CHRONICLE OF THE WAR. 159 THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS^ If A CHRONICLE OP THE WAH MAP OF CUBA. 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