J 4l^n^1-^-Uy^ J ^^^^i^^^^OH/^
MA*SSACHi;SETTS
AX TXmiSTRTAL
AX 13
COMMERCIAL CEXTER
F»ublishe:d by the Board ok Xkade
HAVERHILL MASSACHUSETTS
1SS9
ch:a.se brothers
Copyright, 1889, by the Haverhill Board of Trade.
i
COXTKXTS.
Face.
Preface --------5
Orgam/ation of the Board of Trade - 7
Historic Haverhill - - - - - '5
Within and Without _ . - - ^.-
Schools - - - - - - - "59
Organized Activity - - - - - 91
Shoes and Shoemaking - - - - 129
Various Things - - - - - 155
A Place to Live In- - - - -181
Proiminent Business Interests - - 195
1 *i\m:i\\ci:.
'I'liis book has been jircpaiccl b\' the Coiiiniittcc on
Statistics and Infonnation of the IJoard ot" Trade of
Ilaxerhill in obedience to instructions iVom tlie Board.
'I'hey lia\e meant to indult^e little in reminiscence,
but it has been their aim to present such a picture of
the |iiesent Ila\eihill as not onl\' to remiiul its own citi-
zens ol what easil\' slij)s tiie memor\' ot the most Io\al,
but also to ,n"i\c the stian^er an adecpiate conception of
its claims to rank amon<j: the chief industrial cities of the
country; ol its orii^-in, its proii^ress, and its \et unde\el-
ojietl j-iossibilities; of its success, its natural beaut\-, its
hospitalitN', its eneriry, its organic lite.
It has been their endeavor to state only what are
conceded to be lacts, in the belief that the recital of the
facts alone in\ ites to Ilaxerhill the capitalist, the manu-
facturer, the tradesman, and the artisan, the man of
means lookin^i^ Ibr a reasonable investment, the man of
family in quest of a home, the man of leisure in search
of a refined society, the parent solicitous for the welfare
of his children.
To these, this imperfect sketch of Haverhill and its
industries, imperfect because done by the busy residents
of a busy city, is presented. If it shall do no more than
create a closer acquaintanceship between these and the
citizens of Haverhill, it will have served a worthy end.
^j^^L-'ir^ / /^/^
^
&C, ^^^^ ^
HAVKHMII.I
HOAl>J]J OK TRADK.
Pursuant to a call for a meetino- of business men and
citizens of ITa\crhill to consider the propriety of the
formation of a Board of Trade, about fifty gentlemen
met in the otlice ol George A. Ilall. Esq., Academy of
Music, March 30, 1888, and organized In* the choice of
II. E. Bartlett, chairman, and E. G. Frothinjrham, secre-
tary. A committee was appointed to nominate a list of
ofhcers for permanent organization and to prepare a
constitution and by-laws, which committee met at an
adjourned meeting at No. 40 Daggett's Building, April
2, and yoted to recommend tor adoption a constitution
and by-laws, and nominated a list of olficers, all of
which action was accepted and contirmed at the tirst
regular meeting of the Board, held at the Police Court
Room, April 11, 1888.
HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
President, THOMAS SANDERS.
VICE PRESIDENTS.
Levi Tiiylor,
janics II. Carleton,
(jcorgc A. Kimball,
J. B. Swctt,
John B. Nichols,
Daniel Fitts,
John L. Ilobson,
A. W. Downing",
John E. Gale,
Daniel Goodrich,
Gyles Merrill,
Warren Hoyt,
A. A. Hill,
George H. Carleton,
Dudley Porter,
B. F. Brickett,
B. F. Leighton,
James O'Doherty,
L. V. Spaulding,
Charles Butters,
Alpheus Currier,
Charles W. Chase,
E. B. Bishop,
A. P. Jaques,
Charles H. Goodwin.
C. N. Kelly,
C. H. Weeks,
Charles Shapleigh,
Charles S. Kendrick,
George Thayer,
F. E. Watson,
George O. Willey,
George O. Hoyt,
II. B. Goodrich,
J. H. Say ward,
George C. How,
E. O. Bullock,
E. H. Howes,
J. C. Hardy,
F. G. Richards,
W. H. Smiley,
George A. Greene,
S. P. Gardner,
C. P. Messer,
J. J. Winn,
I. B. Hosford,
Alfred Kimball,
Ira O. Sawder,
Henry Belanger,
John A. Gale,
D. D. Chase,
Ira A. Abbott,
A. M. Allen,
Alonzo Wa}',
Warren Emerson,
J. A. Huntington,
LIST OF OFFICIiRS.
Irah E. Chase, Charles Le Bosquet,
W. H. Moody, U. A. KiUam,
Algernon P. Nichols, L. C WadleiLjh,
J. H. Sheldon, W. E. Blunt,^
Charles Smiley, W. R. W'hittier,
Albert LeB(;squet, A. M. 'i'ilton.
C. II. Fellows,
1)1 Ki:croRs.
William A. Brooks, Charles W. Arnold,
James H. Wiiuheil, Martin Taylor,
George A. Hall, Charles N. Iloyt,
B. B.Jones, Aug. Bourneuf,
J. G. S. Little, Woodbury Noyes,
C. W. Morse, George L. Emerson,
M. W. Hanscom, T. S.' Ruddock,
I). F. Sprague, I). '1\ Kenned\,
F. C. Wilson.
Treasurer, HORACE E. BARTLETT.
Secretary, E. G. FROTIIINGIIAM.
STANDING COMMITTEES.
FINANCE AND ROOMS.
U. A. Killam. Chairman.
D. F. Sprague, C. W. Arnold.
RAILROADS AND TRANSPORTATION.
George H. Carleton, Chairman.
B. B. Jones, Secretary.
J. H. Winchell, Alfred Kimball,
Martin Taylor.
lO HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
MUNICH^AL AFFAIRS.
E. B. Bishop, Chairman.
Thomas E. Burnham, Secretary.
Woodbury Noyes, James D. White,
Charles N. Kelly.
MANUFACTURING AND MERCANTILE AFFAIRS.
W. A. Brooks, Chairman.
C. W. Morse, Secretary.
Thomas S. Ruddock, F. C. Came,
George C. How, Ira O. Sawyer,
F. G. Richards.
STATISTICS AND INFORMATION.
Jones Frankle, Chairman.
W. E. How, Secretary.
A. A. Hill, M. D. Clarke,
J. J. Winn.
MEMBERS,
George H. Appleton, N. K. Johnson,
A. H. Adams, J. E. Kimball,
Walter Ayer, L. Kimball & Son,
Thomas H. Bailey, B. M. Kimball & Son,
S. C. Bassett, N. S. Kimball,
William Bray, Warren Kimball,
C. I. Bickum, J. E. Lord,
A. C. Barrows, Thomas Lahe}',
W. T. Barstow, W. B. Lamprey,
W. F. Blake, B. T. Longfellow,
Bennett & Co., J. A. Lynch,
LIST OF .ME.MI5ERS.
I I
B. F. Barnes,
Chester Bryant,
Hiram Bond,
R. G. W. Butters,
B. A. Ball,
George Brooks,
M. Bonin,
J. C. Bates,
H. E. Chase,
A. W. Cram,
C. Haven Coflln,
F. A. Cheney,
E. Charlesworth,
A. Wash. Chase,
H. W. Chase,
C. W. Chandler,
F. H. Cate,
F. C. Came,
John A. Colby,
C. H. Cushman,
Mauriee D. Clarke,
Clark & Dow,
L. n. Chiek,
H. M. Clay,
George H. Cleveland,
Thomas F. Carroll,
George B. Case,
Charles T. Chase,
R. S. Chase,
W. D. Collins,
Chase & Header,
George W. Ladd,
William Lyall,
George V. Ladd,
I. L. Mitchell,
W. S. Merryman,
F. J. Mitchell,
C. C. Morse & Son,
E. A. Mitchell,
L. E. Martin,
J. K. Moody,
Eben Mitchell,
H. F. Morse,
J. J. Marsh,
William Nason,
Byron Noyes,
C. C. Osgood,
A. A. Ordway,
J. II. Osgood,
Charles T. Paul,
E. H. Pinkham,
G. W. Pettingill,
Edwin Poor & Co.,
Nicholas Powers,
J. W. Proctor,
A. D. Patch,
H. I. Pinkham,
John Pilling,
F. A. Pierce,
W. tl. Page,
H. L. Perkins,
Harvey Ra}-,
12
HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
J. M. Davis,
B. C. Davis,
S. A. Dow,
John Duncan, Jr.,
H. L. Dole,
James Dewhirst,
Robert Driscoll,
C. Willis Damon,
Moses H. Dow^,
W. F. Endicott,
W. F. Evans,
I. II. Eaton,
Charles Edwards,
Luther Emerson,
E. H. Emerson,
C. B. Emerson,
Matthew French,
Floyd & Peabody,
E. A. Fitts,
A. E. Fernald,
W. M. Fellows,
Jones Frankle,
C. K. Fox,
C. H. Gleason,
J. W. Goodwin,
W. S. Goodell,
J. N. B. Green,
J. A. Gage,
H. II. Gilman,
M. S. Holmes,
Moses How,
Frank H^ Russ,
Russell & Co.,
J. W. Russ,
F. L. Ricker,
C. N. Rhodes,
George W. Russ,
Joseph Ridgeway,
Perley A. Stone,
W. W. Spaulding,
Willi am S aw3^er ,
Charles H. Smith,
E. L. Shannon,
A. H. Saltmarsh,
D. Sherwood,
J. M. Stover,
P. C. Swett,
W. K. Stratton,
J. F. Smith,
J. B. Simas,
M. L. Stover,
F. E. Tucker,
H. C. Tanner,
Thomas J. Ta3'lor,
J. R. Thing,
W. B. Thom,
C. R. Thom,
D. B. Tenne}',
J. M. Taylor,
E. G. Tilton,
George H. Tilton,
W. H. Underbill,
LIST OF MEMBERS.
i.1
Daniel llooke,
J. W. IlaNCs,
James A. Halo,
George II. 1 1 ill.
C. D. llunking,
J. M. Ilaseltine,
George W. Hanson,
W. C. Ilunkiiis,
A. J. Ilodgclon,
E. C. Ilolman,
IIo}t & Ta\ lor,
Varney & Hayes,
J. II. Varney,
George W. Wentworth,
J. F. West,
James D. White,
C. T. Weaver,
D. R. Webster,
J. O. Warthvell,
L. C. Wadleigh. Jr..
L. J. Young,
A. B. Jaqucs.
HisroRic I Iavkriiit.i..
Ilaxcrhill is tlic child (jf dcstinx-. An inland \illa2"e
on the Merrimack, wantinij^ the steep waterfalls of the
upper river and the harbor of the lower, a stranger to
the capricious and unexpected leaps in growth of other
manufacturing centers, it has pursued its wav in
steadfastness, until the settlement of the Puritans be-
came a village, the village grew into a town, and the
town unfolded into the Haverhill of to-day, — an aggres-
sive, substantial, energetic, thriving city, conservative in
its clasp of tlie past, radical in its reach for the future.
Little could (joodman Ward, rowing up the river that
summer day two hundred and fifty years ago, imagine
that the lo<>- hut he was to build held the crerm of to-
day's city, with its factories and blocks, its steam and
horse railwavs. its electric lights, its telegraphs and
telephones, its tire department and water-works, the
very invention of most of which was not yet dreamed
of.
1 6 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
Haverhill, or Pentiicket, as the Indians called the
spot, was begun in 1640 by a fragment of the emigrants
who replanted in Massachusetts the English Essex,
bringing with them the sturdiness, integrity, and love
of freedom indigenous to their birthplace, and recall-
ing their old homes in the names they gave the new.
Thus, in honor of the native town of their leader and
first minister, the English Haverhill was commemorated
by the founders of the new. Honorable in their earli-
est dealings with the aborigines, the}' bought of the
Indians the lands the}' sought to occupy, the original
deed being still preserved in the city's archives, an
evidence of good laith on the part of some, at least, ot
the foreign trespassers upon these shores.
Honest dealings with the owners of the soil did not,
however, protect the villagers of the earlier days from
the oft-repeated attacks of hostile Indians. Haverhill
occupied a peculiar position in this regard, lying on the
outermost edge of the settlements and being thus more
directly exposed to the fury or vindictiveness of the
hostile bands that swept down the valley of the Merri-
mack or across the country. For nearly a century
Haverhill suffered from the repeated forays of the sav-
ages, being for the first fifty years in daily expectation
of an attack. At length, however, other towns grew
upon its northern borders and stood between it and its
savage foes. There still remain, in various parts of the
city, as the instinct of safety suggested their erection,
garrison houses, so called, whither the adjacent settlers
were in the habit of betaking themselves upon the first
suggestion of hostile approach. Of brick, to guard
HISTORIC II W IK nil. I.. 17
af^ainst hciiiL; M"t on i\\\\ ol ^ood size, to arturtl sale
ictieat lor tlu- (.lulaiiLicrcd scttkis, with com ciiiciU
I(»()|)-li(»l(s, llicN allorcl suhstaMli.il ami iiiuleiiiabk- sii^-
m'slion ol \\\c clan;4ei' and llie hcr(jism ol llu- liscs
our loi'elatluTs Icil in the- wilderness.
IMenioiahle in I lav crliill. and ei-lebiated then and
since lar hexond ihi- town's hori/(»n, wen- the- ad\en-
lures atteiuhn.; the eaptiu'e ami es».a|>e ol llannah
l)iislon. On the lilteenth ol Maieh, i^)<<7, a bod\' ol
Imlians niadi- an unexpeeteil descent upon the town and
eanu- to thi' ht»use of Thomas Duston, who was ii\iniij
in one (tj the outUini^- selllenients. "This man was
ahioad .11 his usual labour. I'pon the lirsl alaiin, he
l1e\\ to the house, with the hope ol luirrxinLT to a plaee
ol salelN his lamilx, eonsistinu' ol his wile, who liad
been (.•onlineil a week onl\ in ehild-bed, hei" nurse, a
willow from the neighborhood, aiul eiLiht ehildren.
ISe\en ol his ehildien he ordered to tlee with the
utmost exjH'dition in the course opj")osite to that in
w hich the danger was aj">|">roachinu", and went himscll'
to assist his w ite. Belore she could lea\ e hei" betl, the
sa\a<;es were upon them, llei" husband, tlesj'jairini^ ol
rendering her any ser\ ice, llcw to the door, mounted
his horse, and determined to snatch up the child with
which he was unable to part when he should overtake
the little tlock. When lie came up to them, about two
hundred \ ards from his house, he was unable to make
a choice or to leave anv one of the number. He
therefore determined to take his lot with them, and to
defend them iVom their murderers or die by their side.
A body of the Indians pursued and came up with him,
1 8 HAVERHILL, MASSACHtJSEtTS.
and tVoni near distances fired at him and his little com-
pany. He returned the fire and retreated, alternately.
For more than a mile he kept so resolute a face to his
enemy, retiring in the rear of his charge, returned the
fire of his enemies so often and with so good success,
and sheltered so effectually his terrified companions,
that he finalh' lodged them all safe from the pursuing
butchers in a distant house. When it is remembered
how numerous his assailants were, how bold, when an
over-match for their enemies, how active, and what
excellent marksmen, a devout mind will consider
the hand of Providence as unusuall}- visible in the
preservation of this family.
'' Another part of the Indians entered the house
immediatelv after Mr. Duston had quitted it, and found
Mrs. Duston and her nurse, who was attempting to fly
with the infant in her arms. Mrs. Duston they ordered
to rise instantly, and, before she could completely dress
herself, obliged her and her companion to quit the
house, after they had plundered it and set it on fire.
In compan}' with several other captives, they began
their march into the wilderness, she feeble, sick, terri-
fied beyond measure, partially clad, one of her feet
bare, and the season utterly unfit for comfortable travel-
ing. The air was chill}^ and keen, and the earth
covered, alternate!}', with snow and deep mud. Her
conductors were unfeeling, insolent, and revengeful.
Murder was their glory and torture their sport. Iler
infant was in her nurse's arms, and infants were the
customary victims of savage barbarity. The company
proceeded but a short distance, when an Indian, think-
HISTORIC H.W'KKlIirj,. I9
iiil;- it an incimil)rancc, took the child out of the nurse's
arms and daslied its head a<j^ainst a tree. What were
then tlie leelin^s oj" the mother?
" Such ol' the other eapti\ es as be^^an to be \vear\-
and to Iat(, the Indians tomahawked. The slaut^hter
was not an act of revent^e or crueltw It was a mere
eon\enienee; an etVort so familiar as not e\ en to ex-
cite an emotion. Feeble as Mrs. Duston was, both she
and her nurse sustained, without \ ieldinir, the fatiirue
olthe journey. Their intense distress for the death of
the ehiUl and ol their companions, an\iet\ lor those
whom they liad left behind, and unceasin<^ terror for
themscKes raised these unhajipN' women to such a de-
L;ree ol \iii;our, that, notwilhstandiny their fatiij;"ue.
theii" exposure to cold, their suHerance of huni^er, and
theii" sK'epin«4- on clamp ground under an inclement sk\ .
the\" hnished an expedition of about one himdred and
lilt\ miles, without losin*;' their spirits or injurin*,^ their
health. The weekwam to which thev were conducted
and which be!oni;-ed to the sa\ aLie who had claimed
them as his property was inhabited In twel\ e persons.
In the month of April this famih- set out with their
captives for an Indian settlement still more remote, and
informed them, that, when thev arri\ed at the settle-
ment, they must be stripped, scouro-ed. and run the
gauntlet, naked between two tiles of Indians, contain-
ing the whole number tbund in the settlement; for
such, they declared, was the standing custom of their
nation. This information, \()u will believe, made a
deep impression on the minds of the captive women,
and led them, irresistibl}', to devise all the possible
IIISTOHIC ir W KKIIir.L. 21
means of cscaj)c. (Jii the tliirt\-hrst of the same
month, \ er\' eai"l\ in the morning-, Mrs. Diiston, wliile
thr Inchans were asleep. ha\ in^ awaked her nurse and
a lei low-prisoner (a youtli taken some time betbre
Iroin W'oieester ), disjiatehed. witli the assistance of
her eomi)anions, ten of the twelve Indians. The other
tw(j escaped. W^ith the scalps ot tliese saxau^es tlie\'
returned ihiou^ii the wilderness; and, ha\in<^ arrived
sately at Ilaverhill, and afterwards at Boston, received
a handsome leward lor their intrepid conduct from the
le^isJaUu'e."' A monument on the common, close to
the site ol the old meeting-house, commemorates the
event.
Another dav whose mournlul cv ent> have been pre-
served in both historv and tradition was the twentv-
ninth ot Au^"ust, 170S. when Ilavei'hill was attacked
bv a band ot l*'i'ench Indians, i-ecruited in Canada.
"At break ot dav thev passed tiie Irontier ^rarrisons
undiscovered, and were tirst seen near the pound,
marching' two and two. bv jolm Kee/ar. who was re-
turning" Irom Amesburv . lie immediatelv ran into the
V i]la«4-e and alarmed the inhabitants, who seem to
liave slept totallv uuiiuarded, bv tiring- his gun near the
meeting-house. The enemv soon appeared, making
the air ring with territic veils, with a sort of whistle,
wliich, savs tradition, could be heard as tar as a horn,
and clothed in all the terrors of a savage war-dress.
Thev scattered in ev cry direction over the village', so
that thev might accompbsh their bloodv work with
more despatch. The tirst person thev saw w^as a Mrs.
Smith, whom thev shot as she was tivino- Irom her
22
1 1 A\- KR HILL, M ASS ACHUSET rs.
house to a garrison. The tbrcmost party attacked tlie
house of Rev. Benjamin RoHe (the second minister of
the place), which was then o-arrisoned with three sol-
diers; and he and a part of his helo\ ed family were
siiddenlv awakened fi'om their slumbers only to hear
the horritl knell for their departure. Mr. Rolfe in-
stanth leaiH'd from his bed, placed himselt" a<;-ainst the
door, which the\' were endeavoring- to beat in, and
calletl on the soldiers for assistance; but these cra\en-
hearted men retused to give it, tor they were palsied
with fear and walked to and fro throui^h the chambers,
cr\in^- and swini^-in^- their arms. Had they displaced
but h;df the ordinar\- coura^-e of men, no doubt they
would ha\e successfully defended the house. But, in-
stead of that, they did not tire a g-un or e^'en lilt a
fino-er tow^ards its defence. The enemy, tinding their
entrance strenuoush' opposed, tired two balls through
the door, one ol which took etl'ect and wounded Mr.
Rolte in the elbow. They then pressed against it wnth
their united strength, and ]Mr. Rolte, finding it impos-
sible to resist them anv longer, Bed precipitatelv
through the house and out at the back door. The In-
dians Ibllowed, o\ ertook him at the w^ell and dis-
patch him with their tomahawks. Thev then searched
ever\' part ol the house for plunder, and also for other
victims, on whom thev mio-ht inflict their sa\'ao:e cru-
eltN". l"he\' soon iound Mrs. Rolte and her vouno-est
child, Mehitabel ; and, while one of them sunk his
hatchet deep in her head, another took the infant from
her dying grasp and dashed its head against a stone
near the door. Two of Mr. Rollers children, about
HIS roRic n.wKKiiri.i..
23
six aiul ciLi'hl \ c;irs of u^l'. were pr()\iclcnti;ill\ sa\cd
by llu' sagacity and courage of I lagar, a ncjj^ro sla\'C,
who was an inniate of the lamih-. Upon the first
ahirni. she leaped from her bed. carried tlieni into tlie
cellar, co\ ered them with two tubs, and then con-
cealed herself. The enemy entered the cellar and
plundered it ol e\er\ tiling- \aluable. 'I'hev repeatedly
passed the tubs that co\ ered the two children, and
e\en trod on the loot of one. without disco\erin<^
them. Thex drank milk from the pans, then dashed
them on the cellar bottom, and took meat tVom the
bariel behind which Ilai^-ar was concealed.'" The
three soldiers obtained nothing- b\ their cowardice, as
the\' plead for merc\' in \ain.
While these, the central fiirures o\ the tra<cic da\',
were thus eni^aLicd, the remainder of the attackin^i;
part\' had been tindiiiLi" other \ ictims, amonn" whom
were women and children, the captain of the town
militia, and the fnst selectman. Between thirty and
fort\ were killed or taken prisoners. Several dwellings
were burned, and an attempt made to destro\' the
meetin«i--house. but this was trustrated bv the coolness
of one man who raised the cry that help was at hand.
The Indians were thus panic-stricken before they had
done what mischief thev mi^-ht. B\ this time a force
of soldiers and of the townspeople had been collected
and pursued the enemv, who had let't the town precipi-
tately. The\- came up with them two miles away and
attacked them, although inferior in numbers; and, after
a skirmish of about an hour, the Indians fled, leaving
nine dead and carrying ofl' several wounded. Many of
24 Il.Wl'KIlILI., MASSACHUSETTS.
the prisoners and most of tlic plunder were reeovered.
Some ot" the prisoners were barbarously slain to pre-
vent their eseape. The inhabitants were left to the
sorrowful otfiee of burying- their dead. The day was
somewhat advaneed when the battle was over, and, it
beino- extremeh' warm, the interment was neeessarily
hurried. Coffins eould not be made for all, and a
laro-e pit was dui;' in the bur\in<;--iir()und, in whieh sev-
eral were laid. Some of those who fell in the last en-
ii-aa'ement were, it is supposed, buried on the spot.
This was the last, as it was the most formidable, at-
taek of an\- importance made by the Indians upon the
town. There were marauders now and then, and oc-
casional alarms, but the\' o-rew less and less as time
wore on.
There was little of the sens ition il or startling, be-
N'ond the constant menace of the Indians, in the town's
earl\- davs. The few first settlers multiplied h\ nat-
ural increase and hv additions from without. Thev
robbed the primal wilderness ot its wooded inter^'aIs
and turned them into corn-tields. Thev ted their fam-
ilies on the fish — salmon, shad, and ale\\'i\es — with
which the Merrimack ( ri^'er of sturo-eons, as some
have translated it) ran thick. Thoug-h the men from
Newbur}- who broke ground in ILnerhill came up the
ri\ er in 1640. it was not until 1642 that the\- acquired a
title to the land they tilled h\ the purchase from the
Indians alread\- referred to. In 1643 the first town
meeting was held, and then was the first reference to
the disposition of the territory thus acquired, which
ga\e in later \ears no end of trouble, and was a vi^vv
HISTORIC^ HA\i:R[mj,. 25
important and practical niattci" in the alFairs ol" the
town.
'''riu" thcor\' of ownership and distrilnition ol" hinds
was apparently the lollowini;-: 'I'he townsmen (jf that
time had, by loresioht. eneri^N , and influence, obtained
lea\i- ol the (leneral Court to beiiin a plantation in a
most desirable location. Thex had taiflx' purchased
ot the Indians a \ er\ lar^e tract ol territorv. The\'
held it lei^'alU' and equitabb', subject to the demands ot'
the m'neial li'ox einment lor the common we;d, and the
adjustment ol bomuls between tlu-m and theii" neiii'h-
bors b\ c(unpetent authoiitx. It was their propertx'.
Tlu'y w ere the proprietors. ThcN' could cb\ ide it at
such times and in such jirojiortions as the\' saw tit.
Such parts ot' it as were allotted to an\' particular one
ol them, he anil his heirs and assi^Mis would thereat'ter
own in si'Nc'ialtN'. In other words, the persons then
and there settled were • \e inhabitants of Pentuckett,'
to whom the Indians had sold. 'i'he\" had not boiii^ht
lor the bcnetit ol all the persons who miti;ht flock to
Pentuckett to proflt b\- the ad\anta<4-eous o-rant the\- had
obtained. It the\' chose, howe\ er, the\' could admit
any person to their association and a participation in its
pri\i]eges. ^Vnd it must be said that the logic of the
early settlers seems to ha\"e substantialh' prevailed.
There came a time when their heirs and assigns as-
sumed to be owners of all the lands remaining un-
divided, and, although flercel}' opposed, maintained
their claim with ultimate success. They held ' pro-
prietors" " meetings, had their clerk and moderator,
kept records, made grants, carried on successful litiga-
26 IIAVERIIII.L, MASSACIIUSETTJ?.
tion, and had their own way. Then the organization
quietly died out."
■ As time wore on and the settlement began to beai-
less the look of a "elearing" and more that of a vil-
laii'e. a \ariet\" oT trades and manutaetures sprang up
and in time assumed more or less prominenee. One
of the earliest to be established and one of the last to
be gi\en up was that of tanning, but there is now no
leather made in Haverhill, although the Aats of the
tanner stood open over two hundred years. Other in-
dustries, now lapsed into desuetude, were the manu-
faeture of potash, of salt, of saltpeter, and of duek
eloth, brewing, and distilling. Ship-building, begun
one hundred and tifty }-ears ago, was also earried on
with vigor and to an extent much larger than might be
supposed, reaching its period of greatest prosperity" at
the beginning of this eentur\'. At that time there were
three ship-\ards in the central village and another at
East Haverhill. The vessels were ships, brigs, sloops,
schooners, and there have have been three launched in
a day at the village. There was need of vessels. At
that time HaNcrhill was carrying on an extensi\"e com-
merce, along the coast, to the West Indies, and to
England, ships sailing from Haverhill to London di-
rect. The town exported corn, grain, beef, fish, lum-
ber, pearl-ashes, linseed oil, etc., bringing home sugar
and molasses from the West Indies and goods of all
kinds from the mother countr}-. The vessels, if not
too large, came up the ri^•er and discharged at Haver-
hill; otherwise they were unloaded at Newburxport,
where their cargoes were transferred to scows and thus
irisTORic fi WERHii.r.. 27
br()iiL!,lit up stream. After a while the earr\in<i- trade
fell oil" and ship-lniildinn- hino-uished, eominj^- \ irtualU
to an end in iNjo. Since tlien, in icSj^.two \esscls
haxebeen launched at I laxerhill, but no others ha\e
been built here, and there is no prospect of an\' I'arther
employment loi" the shijiwriu^ht's ad/e or the calker's
hammer. The first distillery was built when the town
was neail\ a hunch'cd wars old, and it was about a
hundred years later, when the last of the se\eral that
had been in actixe operation was bought b\" a promi-
nent ad\ ocate ol total abstinence and the tires put out
the same ni^-ht.
The manut'acture ol hats has been and is extensive-
1\ carried on in Haverhill. I^ei^am at least a quarter of
a centuiN belori' the Rexolution. it has been main-
tained e\er since. The shops are now reduced in
number, thou^'h the output is not lessened, to two or
three laroe establishments, where hats are made onh'
of wool and by the factorx' sxstem. In the earl\- part
ol the C(.'ntu?"\', howex er. when the business had i;'ot
well under wax. there were manx' shops, scattered in
X arious parts of the town. Ilats were then made of
the tur ol the beaxer. raccoon, and muskrat: of cotton,
with pasteboard bodies; of silk and "•napped" fur as
xxell as ol xx-ool. In connection with the manufacture of
these i^oods. it is worth while to recall the primitive
manner in xvhich they were g'ot to market. They were
carried on horseback for man\- years, and, later, wdien
wheels were heard of in the town, were transported by
this means, suspended in boxes from the axles. x\s
late as 1804 there were but two horse-carts in town.
28 HAVERIin>T>, MASSACHUSETTS.
The most important and valuable of ITaverhiir.s in-
dustries is, as all the world knows, the making ot
shoes, wliieh had its origin and growth here without
anv set purpose, but by the aeeident of fate or by a
species of natural selection. Cities have risen from
the sand because of' their proximity to abundant water-
power; the purity of water, the proximity of fuel,
the neighborhood of the se i, have determined the lo-
cation of enterprises; this thing or that is manufact-
ured where material is plenty, labor easily obtainable,
or freights cheap; but Haverhill has become the manu-
facturer of an immense number of shoes, at times the
largest manufacturer of the world, without peculiar
cause. Like Topsy, it '' grew so," It is on record
that the shoemaker met with no ver}- warm reception
upon his first appearance in Pentucket and that those
of the craft who applied for citizenship were at times
refused. But, as has been pointed out, it is probable
that it was not the shoemaker as such who was re-
fused, but the class of which, unfortunately, the early
shoemaker was a type, — a wanderer from place to
place and with a wanderer's tastes and habits. The
cobbler was, nevertheless, an evident necessity, and
cobblers and shoemakers became, in the natural course
of events, citizens and residents of Haverhill. There
was nothing, however, in this result that suggested the
promise or potency of the prodigious development of
later days.
From the earliest times until about the beginning
of this century, shoemaking in Haverhill was confined
almost entireh' to supplying the wants of the com-
[fiSTORTC ir.WERrilLL.
29
niiiiiitN' itscir. Shoes were not madr up in quantities
and kc'pl on hand lor sale, like most kinds of
goods at the pi\'senl da\ ; much less were thc\' manu-
factured foi" loreinn c(jnsumption. The time is almost
within the memorx of persons now li\ ing, when it was
the common custom, outside of the villages, for shoe-
makei's to '* whip the stump," i. e., go from house to
house, stopping at each long enough to make up a
^'car's supph" for the lamih . l""armers usualh' kept a
supph' of leather on hand lor lamiK' use, and in man\
cases the\' were theii^ own cobblers. A few \ears ago
a \ er\ rich farmer died at a great age in another town
of the state who had ne\er worn shoes not oi his own
making. A farmer was sometimes, being perhaps
londer ot tools or handie'r with them, the shoemaker for
the whole neighborhood, and worked at making or
mending shoes on rain\ da\"s and during the winter
season.
In \illages. the " \ illage cobbler," or shoemaker,
gradualK (.-ame to keep a little stock of leather on
hand, and to exchange shoes with the iarmers, tanners,
traders, and others, lor produce, leather, foreign goods,
etc. There are said to ha^■e been but two shoemakers
in Haverhill as late as 1794. In course of time, the
storekeepers, then carr\"ing on a \er\" large commerce
with a wide region round about, began to keep a lew
shoes on hand for sale. This was a natural outgrowth
of the barter s\stem of trade, then the chief method
of dealing. The owners of the great ** country stores"
bartered with the shoemakers for their shoes, bartered
the shoes with the back country farmers for produce,
30 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
and then bartcrcti the produce tor P^no-lish and West
India o-oods. So, in 1705. it came about that one of
the merchants of the phice advertised, that he had
" se\ ei-al thousand " fresh and dry hides which he
would exchan^'e for shoes, o-i\'in^ credit lor the hides
until the shoes could be made out of them. And, in
course of time, the mercliants, seeing- the possibility of
gain, became themsehes the makers of shoes as well
as the sellers. The country market soon proved too
limited, nor was there demand enough in Boston and
the lesser places on the coast, and, so, during the war
of 181 2, one of the more enterprising manufacturers
sent a wagon-load of shoes to Philadelphia, from
which he is said to have obtained a handsome profit.
Later, goods were sent even farther south. And so
Haverhill lell into the way of making shoes, and a
erood manv of them, which demanded and obtained a
wide and distant market. The two-horse " baggage-
wagon," of the earlv "•freighter'"' Slocomb, making
regular trips between Haverhill and Boston since 1818,
failed to supply the demands of an increasing traffic;
and he was obliged to increase his facilities until in
1836 he employed fort}' horses and eight oxen, and his
large covered wagons were said, with perhaps a trifle
of imagination, to have almost literally lined the thirty
miles of road. The main highway in manv of the
towns intervening between Boston and Haverhill still
bears the name of Haverhill Street, unconsciously pre-
serving the traditions of the days when the drivers of
the shoe teams were the most frequent travelers and
roads pointed one way to Boston and the other to Ha-
itrs'TORrc It AVRRirrr.L. ^i
vL'ihill. In i<S37 there were fortx-two slioc manufact-
urers and lourtccn tanncis and leather dealers in town,
hut tlie Hnancial panic of that }ear dealt a hard hlow to
the shoe industrs', from which it did not recover until
tlu- discovery of California yold lent a new impetus to
trade. In i860 the numher of shoe factories had in-
.creased to one hundred, and from that time on the
growth ol the town's chief interest has been reasonabh"
uniform and steady, outside of the inevitable misfor-
tunes entailed b\- the war of 1S61, One of the oddest
fashions of the c-arlici" manutacturc was the disregai'd ot
method in packing, shoes being packed and shipped
for some \ ears without an\' attention to the sixes or the
number in a case.
IIa\erhill was so related geographicalK' to towns
near and distant, being in its early days, when Law-
rence was not dreamed ol, the onl\ inland town ot
account upon the ri\er from Xewburyport to Lowell,
and atiording, at first by a well-known ferry (by which
Washington crossed in his journey through Essex alter
the Re\"olution) and later b\ a famous bridge, con-
\ enient passage across the Merrimack, that all the tide
of travel from " abo\e " poured through it and into it,
and its " general stores '' were remarkable for their size,
and the multilarious nature of their contents. Several
lines of stage-coaches ran to Boston, while others made
regular trips to Salem, Lowell, Newburyport, Exeter,
Dover, and Concord, N. H. It was in those days, too,
that the inns and taverns of the towns at which the
coaches stopped earned a just prominence and reputa-
tion, the Eagle House of Haverhill being a typical
32 HAVERIilLL, MASSACHUSETTS.
example. The same house still stands, devoted to the
same purposes, though the changino- times have robbed
it of its former prestige. Afterwards, when other
towns had a'rown and other bridges had been built,
Haverhill vet retained its prominence as a trading-
center, since the growth of the shoe manufacturing
industr\- made it the focus to which converged the lines
of tra\e] from many points of the compass and from
great distances. The same intiuences made it at once
the market for the produce of the farms, the point
where their finished shoes found sale, and the empo-
rium where di^•erse needs could be supplied. Partly
from the force of habits once formed, partly on account
of the relations between shoemaking and the inhabi-
tants of the country towns, and partly from the abund-
ant opportunities its well-filled stores afford to all sorts
of seekers after all sorts of wares, Haverhill still retains
its position as the center of a circle whither streams of
trade tend like its radii. The times, under the influ-
ence of railway communication, have greatly changed
since the main street of the village used to be so
crowded with teams as to be almost impassable, the
owners having come in to deal at " the store,'' but, in
spite of railway and steamboat, express and postal ser-
vice, the same tendency holds, and for miles back into
the country, in Essex County and in lower New
Hampshire, the dweller on farm or in village turns his
steps to Haverhill when in need of whatever his farm
or village fails to supply. While, therefore, for such
reasons Ha\erhill invites to itself these customers, the
fact of their coming reacts on the citv itself, and neces-
iiiSToruc II \\ IK III 1. 1.. 33
sit\, il' luHhin;^" else, c()ni]')els its merchants, it they
would retain this enormous tiade, to the j")OSsession ol
spacious and well-Ht stores, enoLi^^h and courteous
clerks, an abundant assortment ol" wares at reasonable
prices. These iia\erhill has; and, theretbre, it is not
aloiu- oiu- ol the iainest manulacturers ol shoes in the
uoild. but thi' soui'ce and center ol a \ ast and increas-
ing- domestic commerce, to the adxantatie both ol' buyer
and seller and with the residt of \astly increasing the
tliameter and circumterence of the actual Ilaxerhill.
llaxcrhill has iie\ er lacked lor patriotic sjiirit when
the occasion recpiiied. Tlie town records bear witness
to the lo\alt\ to the cause, the willinnness to spend,
the readiness to do. that ajiparentU' came hv just
inheritance from the Indian-linhtinn' loretatheis. In all
the proceeilinLis ol the colonies just [irecedent to the
trreat struiiirle with the mother countr\ lla\erhill had
its part. When the oppiessi\e measures ol taxation
were oixlered b\ the Kin^-. Ilaxerhill held town meet-
ino-s to deal with the matter: when the unjust proceed-
ings were jH'rsisted in b\' Cireat Hritian. Ilaxerhill
joinetl with other tow ns ol spirit in " bo\cottin<i'** loreii^n
L:,()ods; and. when the Continental Congress was
weighinL;,- the question ol hnalh' dissohing- allegiance to
the mother countrw the men ol Ha\erhill, like those ol
all other New England towns with rare exceptions,
pledged themselves " with their li\ es and tbrtunes to
suppo7"t them in the measure." The news ot" the battle
ot' Lexington reached Haverhill at noon of the day it
was tbught, and belbre night one hundred and ti\'e
Haverhill men (almost one-half of the entire militia
34
HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
force of the town) were " gone to y'^ army." In the
battle of Bunker Hill fought seventy-four men from
Haverhill, about one in twenty of the entire command,
of whom two were killed. And the same spirit of
devotion to the cause vv^as displayed all through the
seven years' war. "• There was no evidence of grum-
bling or despondency," remarks a recent writer, '' and
the demands were very great; scarcely was one
quota tilled, when another was called for. There were
so many emergencies that life must have seemed full
of them and to contain nothing else." In one year the
expenses of the town for soldiers were over titty
thousand dollars. Every soldier required by the con-
stant drafts was furnished up to the close of the war
with the exception of a single man.
The war of 1812 afforded renewed opportunities lor
the exhibition of the same patriotic spirit. Though
many of the citizens condemned this second war with
Enofland as uncalled for and ill advised, and, though
towns all about it had passed and were passing resolu-
tions of censure and disapproval, yet no sooner had a
call been made for soldiers, than the town met at a short
twenty-lour hours" notice and generously voted, in sub-
stance, that no man's poverty should bar his patriotism.
A larsfe number of Haverhill men enlisted. Neverthe-
less, the news of peace was very gratelul ; and the ces-
sation of hostilities was celebrated by a day of general
rejoicing, with the ringing of bells, tiring of cannon,
illumination of houses, and religious services.
Another consecration of money and of life to the
service of the country was made during the late civil
IIIS'|-OKIC ir.W I.KHII.L. 35
\\ ;u'. l\\c scenes that bctcjic mam niDiitlis ol the
stru<4Hk' had passed heeanie so laniiliar in all tlie
nortliern towns were early enacted in IIa\erliill. The
ycnith \ oluntcerint^ for enlistment, tiie muster on the
\ illa^e i^recn, the esc(jrt ol admirini; Iriends and neigh-
bors, the hitter lea\ e-takinij at last, — lla\erhill was
amoii^ the first to witness tiiese. On the twent\ -fourth
of the Januaiy j^rexious U) the war the local militia
company had held a meetiuLf and its members had
pledi^a-d each othei- to be in readiness for immediate
departure should the occasion arise, and so, on the da\'
wiicn the attack was made on the Massachusetts Sixth
in Baltimoie. the\ started loi" Washini^^ton on receipt of
the news. Onh" three da\ s later a soldiers' relief
society was formed, which did much work and
immeasurable ^ood in the succeeding' four vears,
Ilaxerhill sent to the war about thirteen hundred men.
ei^hty-ti\e more than were claimed ol" it. Of these,
seventv-three were mustered out as commissioned
otllcers, ol whoiu six were field officers, — three col-
onels, one lieutenant-colonel, and two majors. The
town raisetl and expended o\ er a hundred thousand
dollars fo]- the support of the war. exclusi\e of state
aid, and spent an equal sum for the latter purpose,
which was afterwards refunded bv the state. I^ven in
the closing' months ot the struggle the town authorized
continued enlistments to anticipate a possible call by
the President. During the war excitement ran high in
Haverhill, and there were some turbulent scenes,
during which the symj^jathizers with the South were
rather roughly handled, one being ridden on a rail and
coxered with tar and feathers.
SOLDIERS MONUMENT.
IIISTOJ^IC HAVER HILL. 37
The town tcslilicd its appreciation ol its citi/e-ns
who Irll in the coiintn's ser\ ice by erecting a beauti-
tul monument in their honor in one of the pubHc
squares, to whicli it has u^iven a name. It is twenty-
six feet in height, with a base, a plinth with buttresses
surmounted b\- inverted cannon, and a second die, this
beint;- overtopped by a statue ei<(ht feet f(nu" inches
hi<ih, representini^- a volunteer soldier, with musket at
parade rest. The base is of Rockport granite and the
rest of Italian marble, and the whole is enclosed by an
iron fence. Chiseled upon the tablets are the names of
those who fell in the conHict, accompanied by the fol-
lowing inscription: "In grateful tribute to the memory
of those who, on land and on the sea, died that the Re-
public might li\e, this monument is erected by the citi-
zens ol" Haverhill, A. I). 1869."
Haverhill has had more than one opportunity to
prove itself superior to severe calamity in the shape of
fire. In 1775, just at the outbreak of hostilities be-
tween the Colonies and Great Britain, a fire occurred,
which, spoken of bv them as the " late dreadful fire in
this town,"' was enough, with other causes, to detain at
home the Haverhill delegates to the Provincial Con-
gress. It destroyed seventeen buildings, covering the
whole side of one of the main streets, and would doubt-
less rank, in point of proportionate importance, with
some of the later fires, such as, for example, one that
occurred in 1873, which "burned out" thirty-five busi-
ness firms, caused the loss of two lives and destruction
of one hundred and fiftv thousand dollars" worth of
property, and which was only extinguished by aid from
^8 IIAVKRIITT.L, MASSACHUSETTS.
abroad. This was looked upon at the time as the
worst fire in Haverhill's history, but it was dwarfed into
insii^nifieanee by the "great fire" of the spring of 1882,
and which is noteworthy, not alone or chiefl}- for the
suddenness of the calamity or the magnitude of the
loss or the completeness of the disaster, sudden and
srreat and complete as these undoubtedly were, but
rather for the abounding energy, determination, and
speed with which the even then smoking ruins were re-
moved, and replaced by structures far better than the
original.
At twentv minutes before twelve o'clock on the
night of Friday, Feb. 17, a fire w^as discovered in a
wooden block among the shoe manufactories, which, it
is agreed, a few pailfuls of w^ater could at first have put
out, but which spread with such amazing and, as it
were, virulent rapidity, that the fire department, though
promptly on the spot and working with the intensest
energy, soon recognized its pow^erlessness to cope with
the flames. Telegrams w^ere sent to other cities, near
and remote, for help, and \ery opportune and \ aluable
aid was rendered by the departments of Newburyport
and Lawrence. Had it not been for this, it is probable,
that the fire, which, as it was, was confined chiefly to
the shoe manufactories, would have spread to the re-
tail stores and the dwelling-houses of the cit}-, and, in
fact, that its ultimate limit w^ould have been a mere
matter of chance. As it was, however, it w^as only
with the utmost difficulty that help was obtained. The
telegram sent to Boston was not deli\"ered. The
steamer was got Irom Lawrence only by the exertions
HisTojuc jf A\'i:Riin.L. 39
of the general ticket a^ent ot the railwa\", who broke
()))en the railway telegraph office at Ilaxcrhill and
1 hence sent the necessary orders to the eniplo\'cs of
the railway at Lawrence. At Newburyport, the plat-
form cars were frozen on the track, and it was with
oreat diHicuIty that the steamer vv^as finally f^ot under
way. It was only with the severest and most painful
etlbrts that the tire was at length controlled. It was
bitter winter weather, and there were those amon*^ the
most exposed of the firemen who la}' in w^ater several
inches deep, their clothes frozen so stiti' that they were
unable to mo\e except as rolled o\ er b\' their compan-
ions, in order to direct a stream upt)n an important point.
It is worth while to sa}' here, that it was this fire that
called attention to the need of an increased water sup-
]-)ly in case of tire. Had the present abundant hio-h-
pressure service then existed, it is sate to say that "the
Haverhill fire" would not have been.
The sun of Saturday morning- shown upon the
ruins of two million dollars' worth of property, includ-
ino- one savings and two national banks. About three
hundred firms and indix idurds, enga<i;ed in various sorts
of business but chiefly shoe manufacturing and collat-
eral branches, were ""burned out.'' One man was
killed during the fire, and another severely injured.
Live cinders were blown four miles oti'; the light of
the tire was seen in Boston, thirtv miles distant; and
the sky all around was so brilliantly illumined by the
fire that a newspaper was read h\ its light at George-
town, six miles awav. The tire not only destroyed
nearlv every tactorv in the "shoe district" and thus
40 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
threatened to blot out the chief industry of the city, but
it burned as well the machinery, lasts, dies, patterns,
samples, and trimmings that were in readiness for the
large orders for which customers were already waiting.
In the face of the emergency, however, the chief losers
rose to the occasion, and, though great inducements
were held out to them by other towns and cities to
locate elsewhere, not one of them did so. One or two
left the cit}', but only for a short time.
The tirst news the owner of the only building
spared bv the flames (then absent in Washington) had
of the occurrence of the tire was contained in half a
dozen telegframs sent bv men who wanted to rent his
unoccupied space and sent before their own walls had
fallen in. At four o'clock on Saturday morning, while
the fire was still burning, the president of the First
National Bank called a meeting of the directors, which
was held at nine o'clock, when it was voted to rebuild
at once, a committee was appointed, and the plans were
well under way before night. By the next Monday
nearly one half of the burned-out tirms had secured
places and were employed in taking orders and pre-
paring for the renewal of business, scattered in various
parts of the city, in attics, barns, sheds, dwelling-houses,
and abandoned buildings. B}^ the same Monday night
one prominent leather house had sold thirteen thousand
dollars' worth of leather tor immediate use bv manu-
facturers of the burned district. The later region
presented a picturesque appearance, its ragged heaps of
bricks and stone dotted with signs announcing removals
to more convenient quarters. In three days one half of
HISTORIC IIAV^ERIIILL. 4 I
the Hrms had started their maehiner\-. The workmen
had been ahx-ady paid off; in a week the tire was a
thini;- ol the past, and in a niontii e\er\bod\' was settled
and looking- forward only to the time when the work ol"
rebuildin*^- should be fmished. On the Tuesday after
the lire two eases ol shoes were ship]:)cd b\' one of the
burned-out hrms; and on Thursdaw while the fire was
still smokini!-, the lirst briek was laid for a new buildint>'
in the buined district, where thirteen millions were to
be used before the mason laid aside his trowel. In eiirht
days a wooden buildinij: had been put up, and its upper
stor\' i>()t in readiness for the shoe-stitehinof firm that
had leased it.
The ()perati\es lost, of course, all their tools; and
destitution and surterin^- would ha\ e been prexalent but
for the immediate formation of a relief committee,
which distributed the funds raised by the citizens and
the \er\ handsome s^'ilts recei\ed trom abroad, — from
forniei- residents of the city, includinii- the poet Whit-
tier, and from the lar«i-e customers of the burned-out
tirms. It should be stated that a large proportion of
the contributed funds found no use and was returned to
the donors. The tire was, in the nature of thin^-s, a
terrible shock to the community; and it was naturally-
feared that it was a shock from which the city would
not recover and that it would cause a permanent
paralysis of the industry to which it owed its growth
and prosperity- and in which all its hope for the luture
rested. But the ver}-. greatness of the shock seemed to
produce an intense reaction, and the prevailing expres-
sion was one of hope and buoyanc}'. To quote a
42 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
recent writer, " Business soon became active again, and
the object of the sufferers was to resume operations in
the old locaHties as soon as possible. This was largely
accomplished betore the hrst anni\-ersary of the tire,
and in a most satisfactory manner. Beautiful and sub-
stantial buildings had been erected in place of those
destro}^ed, and the anniversar}' of the outbreak was
celebrated bv a spirited banquet. Through the exhibi-
tion of pluck and energy made by the sufferers,
the}' won the S3'mpathy of the entire business com-
munity of the country. The hre, distressing as it
seemed, is generally admitted to have been a blessing
in disguise."
There have been occasional tires since, some of
which threatened great destruction, and two of which
compelled aid to be sought from other cities. Not the
least serious was the one that destroyed the city hall a
little before noon on Tuesda}-, Nov. 6, 1888, causing a
loss of about forty thousand dollars. The tire caught in
the attic from an unknown cause, and burned with such
remarkable intensit}' and rapidit}' that no efforts of the
iire department availed to check it, and it continued un-
til the roof liad fallen in, with the clock-tower and bell,
the whole interior of the building destroyed, and only
the blackened walls left standing. During the fire a
number of sparks were carried, by the strong southwest
wind that was blowing, upon the roofs of buildings on
the eastern side of Main Street, some of which suffered
damage. The Center church sustained the severest
loss. A disastrous conflagration was at one time
threatened but was averted. The city hall was
CITY HALL, BURNED NOV. 6, 1 888.
44 HAVER HILI>, MASSACHUSETTS.
erected in 1861 on the site of the old Town hall which
it replaced. It was a massive three-story structure of
brick ornamented witii iVeestone, one hundred and fif-
teen feet lono-, sixt\"-se^■en and a half feet wide, with a
clock-tower on the front eighteen feet square. The
work of restoration was not long dehued, and from the
ruins has already arisen a new structure, with a better
tower, a larger and hner bell, and an illuminated clock,
and which bids fair to excel the one destroyed.
Wl rPHN AN13 WlXHOIJT.
Haverhill's situation and natural achantages liaxc
been remarked upon from the earliest times, and have
ampl}- eertified to the aeumen of Ward and his assoei-
ates of 1640 when they ehose this spot for their planta-
tion. In the first plaee, the ri\ er that edii^es it is one of
the most noteworth}' of ancient or modern passage-
ways to the sea. It turns more spindles than any other
river, being the most noted water-power stream in the
world, seventy-eight thousand six hundred horse
powers being utilized in 1880 on the Merrimack and its
tributaries, probably a greater extent of occupied
water-power privilege than on an\- other drainage basin
of the same size in America. The total fall of the river
is not great, but it is concentrated at a tew places, thus
occasioning its wonderful adaptedness to be utilized as
motive power. Having its source up in the impenetra-
ble fastnesses of the White Mountain wilderness, fed b^■
the inexhaustible outpour of the beautiful Lake Winni-
pesaukee, it sweeps b}- the mills of Manchester,
46 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
Nashua, Lowell, and Lawrence, until at Haverhill,
sixteen miles from its mouth, it beij^ins to smack of the
sea, since here is the head ot' na\i^-ation and here the
tide rises and lalls.
IIa\erhill lies on the northern edge of Essex County
(itself the northeastern corner of Massachusetts), on
the northern bank of the ^LM-rimack Ri\ er, and is one
of the chief stations on the Boston and Maine railway.
It is thirt\- miles from Boston on the highway and
thirt\-three hv rail, while it is eight}--thrce miles from
Portland. Mc, the eastern terminus of the main line ol
the railwax', and ten miles less as one drives over the
road. It is nine miles distant tVom Lawrence, tburteen
tVom Newburvport, eighteen iVom Lowell, twenty-two
from Salem, and thirtv from Portsmouth, N. H. It is
not onh' one ot the most important places on the main
line ot' the Boston and Maine system, but, by a branch
runnino- throuah central Essex, it has tree communica-
tion with the inland county towns, with Newburvport,
and with the whole eastern di^■ision of the Boston and
Maine. Thi-ee highwa\' bridges span the ri\er at Ila-
\erhill and connect with it I>radf)rd, (iroNcland, and
W^est Newbury. The ri\er plays no unimportant part
in its affairs, since it affords the opportunity for delightlul
recreation in the season, the means of cheap freightage
lor bulk\- articles, and a continual means ot' escape tor
the cit}''s sewage. It is not so much a channel of
commerce as it was in the elder days, belore the railwa^'
had been heard of and when the shipwright's hammer
and the calker's tool still rang frequent in the Plaverhill
yards. The tirst steamboat, in fact, that ever floated on
4$ HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
the Merrimack was built in Haverhill in 1828. The
chief obstacles in the way of river commerce above Ha-
\ erhill are the shoals and rapids that intervene between
it and Lawrence. Attempts ha\e been made by the
national government to deepen and widen the channel,
and some coal lighters have been towed to Lawrence
and small steam vessels of light draught have even
ascended the ri\er to that point since the dam was
built at Lawrence, before which time steamers plied
between Lowell and the ocean; but the work has
been given over, at least for the present. At Haver-
hill, however, the ri^■er has a width of six hundred feet
and a channel depth of eight feet at high water, and
vessels of two hundred tons come up from the mouth
of the river to lie at the Haverhill wharves, laden with
lumber, stone, and coal. In the summer time, pleasure
steamboats pl\- up and down the stream and convey
thousands of passengers b}' a delightful voyage to the
beaches at the mouth of the river.
Not far below Haverhill Bridge is a long but rather
narrow island, opposite the establishment of Col. Harr}-
H. Hale on the Bradford side of the river, of which
estate it forms a part and to which it has given the
name of '' Island Stock Farm.'' It is utilized for
pasturage, and a half-mile track has been made there in
which to exercise Col. Hale's colts.
The city is nine and a half miles long, with an
average width of three miles, extending over twent}'-
four square miles. There are one hundred miles of
streets, twent3'-seven miles of sidewalks, fifteen miles of
sewers. The disproportion between the highways and
50 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
such ;idjuiicts us sidewalks arises tVoni tlie extcn-
si\e territory outside of the city proper, wliieh is highly
produeti\e and for the most part highly eulti\ated.
The city is traversed by three small streams, tributaries
ot" the Merrimack, two ot" which have been utilized tor
grist-mills and saw-mills, while the remaining one
atVords enough water-power to turn the wheels ol' a
large flannel mill. Ilaxerhill is noteworthy lor the tact
that there are tour ponds within its limits, and three ot'
them within a mile ot" the city hall and within a half
mile of each other. All lour of them are now used to
suppl\- the city with water tor drinking purposes. They
are \ aluable, however, not alone for the abundance with
which thev administer to the thirst of the city, or for
the ice which makes more endurable the summer heat
or atfords a smooth surtace to the switt foot of the
wintr\- skater, but also as adding a variety, a pictur-
esqueness, and a charm to the landscape such as tew
cities can boast. The smallest of the tour covers about
thirty-eight acres and was the tirst used for aqueduct
purposes because it appears to be fed entirelv by
springs. The next in size, covering but two or three
acres more, supplied the head for the first mill-powers
utilized in the town. The other two are much larger,
one of them, its waters remarkably clear and trans-
j)arent, occupying ;ui area of one hundred and seventv-
tive acres, while the largest of all, Lake Kenoza (lake
ot the pickerel), includes two hundred and tbrtv acres.
It is tifty feet in depth in some places, and, though but
a mile trom the city hall, is picturesquely surrounded.
It once abounded in pickerel, and through its outlet
52 H WKRIITF.T., MASSACHUSETTS.
alcwixcs ami salmon used to crowd in spawninij^ time.
The woods on its edi^e were loni;- the haunt of se\eral
sjH'cies ot" iiame and were theretbre \ery attraetixe to
the sportsman. It still atibrds to the residents of the
city, as it lono- has alibrded, a pleasant resort, within a
a eonxenient distance, lor parties ot' pleasure, who
doubtless often fuul e.\pressi\e of their own leeling-s the
wortls that the poet Whittier, himself trom boyhood
familiar with its shores, sent to its christeninu^, —
"Keno/al o'er no sweeter lake
Shall morniuL;- break or noon-cloud sail, —
No fairer face than thine shall take
The sunset's golden \eil.
" Long be it ere the tide of trade
Shall break with harsh-resounding din
The quiet of th\' banks of shade
And hills that fold thee in.
'■' Still let thy woodlands hide the hare,
The shy loon sound his trumpet note,
Wing-weary tVom his fields of air,
The wild o;()()se on thee fioat.
" Thy peace rebuke our feverisli ^>tir,
Thy beauty our deforming strife;
Thy woods and waters minister
The healing of their life.'"'
The older and more compact part of the city lies
along a southward-looking slope that rises sharply
WITHIN AND WITHOUT. 53
from the ri^'er, and its houses, at first closely clustered
for nei^'hborhood defence in Indian times, now stretch
for miles up and down the stream. It is not unlikely
that the natural beauty of their clearing soon caught the
eye of the early settlers, and that they set their houses
awav up on the bank, the road running in front of them
and thus separating them from the river, with the
intent to allow no buildings on the opposite side and
thus insure to them on their high land an unobstructed
\iew of the stream. It was almost inevitable, however,
that the growing ^•alue of the riparian land should
compel its utilization; and the ri\er road of the settlers
has become the main business street of the citv, closely
built on each side with shops and stores in the region
of trade, wharfage occupying the rear of the riverward
side.
The general surface of the cit\' is undulating,
though some of the ascents and descents to and from
the river are quite sharp. There is little or nothing,
even in the outlying districts, of the precipitous sides
and jagged tops that are not uncommon features of our
New Enofland ri\er towns, but the eminences are in
general not \ erv difficult of ascent, rounded, and often
cultivated to the top. They are noteworthy, too, for
being detached summits, instead of being continuous
upland or chains of hills, thus affording a greater
variety to the landscape, and suggesting, as the city
grew, tit spots for the erection of more pretentious and
more costly residences, in keeping with the increasing-
wealth and enterprise of the city. Many of the hills
have already- been utilized for this purpose, some of
c^^. HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
the nearer slopes bein*^" more or less elosely occupied
h\' tvpes ot' the modern handsome house, and many
acres of land ha\ e thus been brouj^'ht to a present or
prospecti\e market. Whether one prefer the outlook
on ri\ er, lake, or meadow, there is no lack of eligible
building sites, not far removed from the more compact
citv. Close to the ri\"er, even, rise se\eral eminences,
one to the east and one to the west of the city proper,
each of which atibrds from its summit a beautiful \ iew
of the Merrimack flowing at its feet and ui the
towns bevond. They bear the somewhat curiously
antithetic names of Golden and Silver, named, how-
e^■er, not Irom any metallic properties, actual or
metaphorical, but from some earlv and long forgotten
owners. Washington, in his tour of New England in
1789, passed through ILnerhill, and his admiration of
the beautv of its situation has been seduloush' pre-
served in tradition and has been set to ^ erse b\'
Whittier, himself an ardent lover of thecharms of his
native town.
"Midwaw where the plane-tree's shadow
Deepest fell, his rein he drew:
On his stately head, uncovered.
Cool and soft the west wind blew.
"And he stood up in his stirrups.
Looking up and looking down
On the hills of Gold and Silver
Rimming round the little town, —
WITHIxNT AND WITHOUT. 55
"On the river, full of sunshine.
To the lap of jj^reenest vales
\\ inding clown from wooded headlands,
Willow-skirted, white with sails.
" And he said, the landscape sweeping
Slowly with his ungloved hand,
' 1 ha\e seen no prospect fairer
In this goodly eastern land.'"
Abcnit a mile from Keno/a Lake rises an eminence
known b\' the name of Great Ilill and which is the
highest land in the town. It is three hundred and
thirtv-nine feet above the ocean and is the second
highest elexation in Essex Countv. '' The \"iew from
the summit of this hill," writes a local historian, 'Ms
the most extensive and interesting of the manv similar
views to be obtained in the town. Portions of more
than twenty towns in Massachusetts, and nearly or
quite as many in New Hampshire, are easily distin-
guished by the naked eye. To the east stretches the
broad Atlantic, whose deep blue waters, dotted with
the white wings of commerce, are plainlv seen, from
the Great Boar's Head to Cape x\nn. Near its edge,
and partially hidden from our sight by Pipestave Hill
in Newburv, are seen the spires and many of the
houses of the cit\' of Newburyport. To the right, the
eye can distinctly trace the outline of Cape Ann from
Castle Neck to Plalibut Point. With the aid of a glass
several villages upon the Cape are made visible. As
we sweep around from cast to south, nearly all the
^6 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
most prominent hills in northern Essex am be distinct-
ly seen and easily identified. To the south and south-
west, portions of the \ illa^^es ol' GroNeland, Bradford,
Ilaxerhill, North Ando\er, Andover, and Methuen,
and the eitv of Lawrence, can be seen, peeping above
the intervening hills. To the southwest, the Wachu-
sett; to the west, the Monadnock ; and to the north, the
Deertield mountains are easily distinguished. To the
northwest, the Aillage of Atkinson, with its celebrated
academy, is spread out in bold relief. To the north-
east is seen the top of Powow Hill, in Salisbury, so
named from its ha\ing been the place selected by the
Indians for their great " pow-wows," long betbre a
white man gazed upon the waters of the Merrimack
from its summit. Turning again to the south, we
notice, almost at our feet, the beautiful Lake Kenoza,
glistening in the sun like a diamond encompassed bv
emeralds. Once \iewed, the memory of this lovely
landscape scene will never be effaced, —
' the faithful sight
Engraves the image with a beam of light.'"
In fact, in nearly every part of the city are hills of
more or less prominence, some of the remoter ones
still affording pasturage for cattle, while on the south-
ward-looking slopes of others the grape mellows in the
WITH IX AND WITHOUT. ^7
autumn sun. On a orcat rock at the summit of one of
them, bcarini;- the unique and perhaps inexplicable
name of Branch' Brow, four towns meet cornerwise, —
two, Plaistow and Newton, in New Hampshire, and
two, Haverhill and Amesburv, in Massachusetts. An-
other ()\erlooks the humble birthplace of the poet
Whittier, the Mecca of so man\" travelers' feet, while
from other hills in the eastern parish mav be had a
tine view of the Merrimack and of the wide-stretching
East Meadows, by which the early townsmen set so
much store. lu er\\\here broken, otfering glimpses
now ol pond and now ot ri\"er, alTording a wider out-
look upon more distant scenes at ever}' turn, nothing
"can stale the infinite ^ arietv " of the landscape.
Schools.
'The riches of the Coninionwealth
Are iVee, stroni^ minds, and hearts of health;
And more to her than ij:;old or s^^rain
The eunninii: hand and cultured brain.
I.
There rises before one at the moment of begfinnino-
this sketch of the schools of Haverhill two pictures, —
the one dim, .imperfect, its features almost obliterated
by the passing years, a canvas where a few, silent,
enshadowed fio^ures are taintlvseen; the other brierht
with strong, fresh colors, sparkling with life, thronged
with faces as the paintings of Raphael are with angel
heads; the one, that tirst school of Haverhill taught bv
Thomas Wasse tbr ten pounds a year, its place of
meeting some private house, whither by rude cart-paths
or footwa\s, through woods where beasts or savage
6o HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
Indians lurked, the few children of the rude settlement
of two hundred years ago went to be taught to read
and write and east accounts; the contrasting picture,
the attractive spacious school-rooms, titted with all
that ingenuit\- can suggest for comtbrt or tor teaching,
wherein the ])resent generation of children gathers to
be tauo-ht. in \va\s and with helps of which the rude
forefathers ne\er dreamed, the knowledge and wisdom
of to-da\-. There lies before the writer a volume con-
taining the Haverhill school reports of many years,
and, as one reads backwards through these, and,
bevond them, through the fragmentary and far separa-
ted sketches of the schools of ancient days, one cannot
but recoirnize with what faith and deeds the \ aliant-
souled and earnest-hearted fathers of the town sowed
the seed which has grown into the magnificent school
system of which we are justl}- proud.
It should not be lorgotten, that those noble men
who came to New England in 1630 and the years
following, men " who," Macaulay says, " forever illus-
trious in historw were the founders of the Common-
wealth of Massachusetts,'" were neither adventurers
nor untaught dissenters. They were man}- of them
uni\ersitv men. They brought with them their well
selected libraries. The}^ brought, also, the belief that
the education of the people ought to be the first con-
cern of the state. Their judgment of what that educa-
tion should be was no narrow and mereh' utilitarian
one. The\- took as the guiding purpose of their action
the same broad idea that formed but latel}^ the kev-
note of the address of the orator at the dedication of
SCHOOLS. 6l
the Haverhill Ilio-h School building-: " In the matter
of education the natural flow is t'rom the hei"-hts to the
plain. * * * * There must be elevated fountains
of knowlediic in order that these blessinp-s ma\' be
generally distributed amon^^;- the common people.''
'' ProbabK'," sa\'s the historian of American literature,
" n(j other comniunit\ ot ]")ioneers e\er so honored
study, so rexerenced the symbols of learning'; theirs
w^as a social structure with its corner-stone resting on a
book."
The first public school established was the Boston
Latin School. This school, founded so much earlier
than Harvard College that it is said to ha\e "dandled
Harvard College on its knees," owed its existence
largeh' to two men. the tar-seeing go\ernor, Win-
throp, who knew that ignorance was the "darkest lair
of Satan,"' and the Reverend John Cotton, "to whom,"
Dr. Increase Mather savs, '"New England oweth its
name and being more than to any other person in the
world." Cotton was a graduate of Trinitv Colle«:e, a
fellowM)f Emmanuel College, a man recognized in En-
o'land as of i>Teat abilitv and learninjj, and in New^ En-
gland the acknowledged center of vast influence in
church and civil aftairs. All that was precious to him
in his memories of England he transplanted to America.
'■ When he saw the children growing up he thought of
the school, the free school, to which all could go; and
with his own love for classical literature, and his
partialit}- for the pri\ileges of a collegiate education,
the memor\' of a tVee grammar school where Greek
and Latin were taught mav have risen to his mind, and
6l HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
he niav hiivc said, " Here, also, where the trees of the
forest arc not vet felled and the wild Indian is at our
d()(^rs, here let such a school be established, free for
all. And let this one be the forerunner of a thousand
more that shall follow."
Bv the inrtuence of such men in 1647 the General
Court passed the following law, " in order that learning
ma\- not be buried in the graves of our fathers: " "It
is. therefore, ordered that every township in the dis-
trict, after the Lord hath increased them to the number
of tit"t\' householders, shall then forthwith appoint one
within their town to teach all such children as shall re-
sort to him, to write and read **■«■** -^nd
it is further ordered, that, when anv town shall increase
to the number of one hundred householders, thev shall
set up a grammar school, the master thereof being able
to instruct vouth so far as the\' mav be fitted for the
universitv "
From this intluence and this order came the public
schools of New Eno'land.
" Yet with our fathers we are one
At heart, whatever change betide;
Still shines for us their tireless sun;
Their truth still waits us for our ufuide.*"
SCHOOLS. 6;^
11.
The larger settlements, like Boston and Salem, did
not, however, contain all the men of education and
high purpose. In tlie little frontier town of Pentucket,
afterwards Ila\erhill, the minister, John Ward, was a
man "learned, ingenious, and religious, — an exact
grammarian, and an expert physician,'' — a Master of
Arts of the Universitv of Cambridge, J^lnoland. The
few men associated with him in foundino- this settle-
ment, and wiio lox ingly and reverently called him
Teacher^ though not as well educated as himself, were
by no means illiterate. There was no schoolmaster
chosen for fourteen years after the order of the Gen-
eral Court, but the colony did not until that time reach
the required number ot' householders. Moreover, h\
reason of its being a frontier town, it had more diffi-
culties with which to contend than the other settle-
ments. The Ipswich father of that da\- had to accom-
pany his children to the school to guard them from the
wolves. The Haverhill lather must fear the wih-
Indian as well as the forest beasts. Though there be
no historical record to confirm it, one must believe that
the children of the colony were taught at home until
the first master was chosen; that, amid the labors and
watches of the day or by the glowing pine knot at
night, the father gave to his sons what knowledge he
himself held. The town records of the earlier years
make frequent mention of schools, now the authoriz-
ing of the hiring of Thomas Wasse as schoolmaster at
ten pounds a year, later the raising of thirty pounds for
64 HAVER HtLL, MASSACHtJSET'TS.
scliool pill-poses, again the engao;ement in 1702 of a
Mr. Tutts tor a salarN- ot" thirty-four pounds, but in
{■JOT, the town Noted " tliat, on consideration of their
troubles with ihi- Indians, notliing should be done
about ofettini:- a sehoolniaster," and in 170:; the General
Court, because of their inipox erishment by the Indian
war, excused all towns of less than two hundred fami-
lies from obserx ance of the school law for three years.
It ma\- seem unbefitting a \olume of this kind to
make the sketch ot" the schools at all historical, but a
view of the education ot' the past is useful not only as
a contrast wnth that of the present in the material
equipment, but as showing that the hne of learning
and the high aims of our schools are deeply rooted in
the past. We ha\ e no more solicitude for learning
than thcN- had in those early days, when the New En-
gland matron said to her son, " Child, if God make thee
a good Christian and a good scholar, thou hast all that
th\ mother ever asked for thee."
It would be of little \alue here to note the var3^ing
fortunes of the schools in the past centur\", but it is in-
teresting to note that a hundred years ago, in 1789, the
tirst school regulations were adopted bv the school
committee of Haverhill. Although new methods of
teaching have replaced the old, w^e must recognize, as
we read some of these century-old rules, that the pur-
poses of knowledge remain unchanged. Indeed, with
scarcely the moditication of a sentence, we might
place in our regulations these framed a hundred years
ago: That " the master consider himself as in the place
of a parent to the children under his care, and en-
SCHOOLS. 65
deavor to convince them 1)\' mild treatment that he
feels a parental affection for them: that he be sjiarino^
as to tlireatenings or promises, but punctual in the exe-
cution of the one and the performance ot the other;
that he ne\ er make dismission from school at an earlier
hour than usual a reward lor attention or diliii^ence, but
endea\()r to lead them to consider beini^- at scliool a
privilege, and dismission from it a punishment; that
when circumstances admit he suspend inflicting pun-
ishment until some time alter the ofience is committed;
that he impress upon their minds their dut\' to their
parents and masters: the beaut\' and excellence of'
truth, justice, and mutual lo\e: tenderness to brute
creatures, and the sintulness ol tormenting them and
M^antonh' destro\ing their lixes; the dut\ which thev
owe to their countr\ and the necessit\ ot a strict obe-
dience to its laws; and that he caution them against the
pre\ailing \ ices, such as Sabbath-breaking, profane
cursing and swearing, gaming, idleness, etc."
Books ha\ e changed and will change, and sciences
and studies and methods ot' interpretation, but the pu-
pils of a hundred vears ago were taught as the pupils
of to-dav are taught, and the pupils of a hundred years
hence shall be taught and trained, " in the purposes of
kiiowledge, in the love of justice and generosit}' and
patriotism, in respect for themselves, and in obedience
to authorit\', and honor for man and rcA erence tor
God."
Though we li\"e when libert\' is larger and ci\'iliza-
tion richer and humanity more tender, we cannot af-
ford to despise or overlook the foundations that were
66 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
SO dccpl\ and strongly laid in the past that wc can
sak'ly rear thereon broadly and high, to-day, our insti-
tutions. In education the objects to be achieved alone
are stable; the methods must vary with the var\ing in-
tellectual surroundings and demands ot'the age and the
o-eneration. What Emerson calls the " work of
tlixine men," "to help the young souls, add energy,
inspire hope, and blow the coals into a useful flame,"
is shown to ha^•e been the guiding moral purpose of
the first regulations of the Haverhill schools of one
hundred vears ago, and is to-day the one purpose of our
more ambitious svstem of education. Side by side
with the training that shall cultixate the power of
thinking, gi\e knowledge, promote loyalty, and in-
dustr\ , and high ambition, we seek to place the inspi-
ration to truthfulness, purity, and courtesy.
III.
The schools of Haverhill to-day stand abreast with
the best in the country. Sufficiently progressive to
adopt whatever is an improvement upon previous
methods, sufficienth' conser\ative not to be swept along
bv e\erv new fashion in education, making a specialty
of no one branch of the school curriculum, the schools
furnish, from the lowest primary grade to the highest
high school grade, a course of studv that seeks the
svmmetrical and progressive de\elopment of the child.
The school board, of which the mayor is ex-
officio chairman, consists ol' eighteen members, one
SCHOOLS. 67
bcinu^ chosen c;ich year irom each ward and the term
of office beini:^ three years.
Beside the \arions suh-coniniittees on the several
schools, there are standino- committees on school-
houses, salaries, truanc\'. music, private schools, text-
books, and examination ot' teachers, and a prudential
committee tor the examination of all bills a^-ainst the
school department, their ap})ro\al beino- necessar\- be-
Ibre the bill can be paid. The general board meets on
the third Wednesday ot' e\ cry month for the consider-
ation ot the school inteiests, and the prudential com-
mittee on the Monda\ j^receding the meetini;- ot" the
board.
Ilappih' the election of school committee has been
determined by fitness instead of' political cpiestions,
and the board, while difiering occasionallv. as honest
men ma\', about methotls. has been unanimous in seek-
ing to obtain and maintain the best schools possible.
While keeping a strict watch to check anv extrava-
gance or needless expenditure of' mone\", it believes
that the first element ot economv is efficiencv. The
teachers are elected annualh' in )une, at which time
such changes or dismissals are made as seem neces-
sarv. In the selection of teachers favoritism and per-
sonal desires are not factors, the qualifications of the
applicant in respect to character, education, and the
power to teach being alone considered.
The superintendent of schools is the secretary- of
the board. He keeps the records, buys all school sup-
plies and distributes them to the schools, makes out the
weekly pay-rolls, and arranges and presents all bills to
68 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
the prudential coniinittce. By a system of monthly
reports trom eaeh seliool, he is able to present each
month to the sehool board the exact condition of the
schools, and to show wherein there is impro\ement or
need of impro\ement. As superintendent ot schools
he conducts examinations, has charge of promotions,
\ isits each school, and achises with the several sub-
committees upon (piestions oi cliangcs in course ot
studv, text-books, discipline, etc. He keeps watch to
know wliat progress or changes other places are mak-
ing in methods of education, and is in all matters the
executive agent of the board. Every month the
teachers of each grade meet with him for comparison,
discussion, and suggestion, and thereby an esprit de
corps of great value is maintained. In the grammar
schools the principal, under the direction of the super-
intendent, superx ises caretulh' the work of each grade
in his own building. The principals of all the schools
meet at intervals with the superintendent to discuss
school interests and obtain uniformitv of methods.
The object of this arrangement of school supervision
is to obtain in each school the best results, but, while
the system is made as complete as possible, there is
sufficient elasticity to allow of individual work by the
teachers and indi\ idual training ol' the scholars.
The course of study is so arranged that each
branch shall receive its own proportional amount of
time and attention. In reading, ease, fluency, and ex-
pression are sought; and each lesson is preceded bv a
\'ocal drill to obtain clear enunciation and \arietv in
expression. In writing, a regular drill is given, to ob-
SCHOOLS. 69
tain an eas}' control of the muscles of the arm and the
lingers. In geography and history, the scholars are led
to read widely, to compare authors, and to study bv
topics the countries or the epochs. The stud\' of lan-
""uaii^e bciiins with the child's entrance to school and
continues throu<rh the full course. The course in
drawing has just been re-arranged in order to make it
a progressive stud\' of form and objects through all the
xears. The music is under the direction of a special
teacher.
Promotions of classes are made vearlv, and are so
arranged as to prevent as far as possible anv nervous
and unnatural strain ujion the child, the estimate of the
teacher under whom the pupil has been during the
Near being the especial basis of promotion. Written
tests and exercises arc given frequently to cultivate ex-
actness and power of expression, and to show" what
subjects need re\iewing. In all promotions the indi-
vidual child is considered, and the question asked,
"Is it best for him to go on or to review the work?"
The school session is freed from all tediousness by
numerous changes, and bv the introduction ot suitable
tjymnastic exercises. For some vears no out-door re-
cess has been given. This no-recess plan has been a
feature of the school svstem long enough for an un-
prejudiced judgment to be formed of its results. It is
found that it is much easier to maintain school disci-
pline, and that there is much less opportunity tor the
tormina' of evil habits or associations under this than
under the old system, wdiile the shorter school session,
the short in-door recess, and the ready permission to
70
IIA\ERIIILI., MASSACHUSETTS.
\cd\c tlic room when necessary pre\ ent any extra fa-
tiirue and an\- iniur\- to the healtli.
Entering' the h)\vest priniar\' L!,rade, the eliild comes
immediateh' nnder the care of teachers chosen because
of their especial fitness lor primary work. From his
\ er\- entrance into school, he is trained to read, to
write, to measure, to observe; he is taught the correct
use ol' lani;-ua<;-e, and is led to express his thout>-hts in
complete sentences; cleanliness, order, and courtesy
become as habits to him, while, so tar as the influence
of the school-room extends, he is restrained from
crueltN" and coarseness and the more flagrant vices.
The evening schools are open lor twenty weeks,
three evenings a week, and in them the division is into
small classes, each having a separate teacher, in order
that much indi\ idual work may be done. There is an
evening school of mechanical drawing, and one of free-
hand drawing, and a school for instruction in book-
keeping, in addition to separate schools for the
instruction of males and females in the ordinary
grammar-school branches. In these schools the city
gives most willingly not only what the state demands,
but what contributes to the advancement of those
who, debarred b}' the necessity of labor from the day
schools, desire to obtain an education.
There are eighty public schools in the city, occupy-
pying twenty-three buildings, and taught by ninety-
three teachers. The number of pupils in the public
schools is about 3,000; in parochial schools 1,000; in
other pri\ate schools 50. The city spends annually for
the support of its schools about $65,000. In 1886 it ex-
HIGH SCHOOL.
^2 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
pcndcd more money per pupil tlian any other eity in
Essex Countv. and was outranked in the state only by
Boston, Newton, New r)edtbrd, Somer\'ille, and Cam-
bridge, none of whieh are purely manutiicturing eities.
In proportion to its \al nation it expends more than any
city in Massachusetts save Gloucester. In this com-
parison towns are not included.
The cit\- furnishes tree to all pupils all books,
slates, stationery, etc., used in the schools, and offers
to the children of rich and poor alike the best teaching-
that it can obtain, the best courses of stud}' that it can
de\ise, the best text-books and the most complete aids
tor studw during a school course of thirteen years,
carr\'ing the student to the ^•ery doors of the scientific
or academic uni\'ersitv. and all without the expendi-
ture of a dollar.
The High School is beautiiulh' situated on a com-
manding site on Crescent Place fronting a small park,
and occupies the place where Harriet Newell, one of
the first missionaries of the American Board, was born,
as well as the place where stood the Center school,
the first and for maiiN' years the onh' grammar school
(jf the town. The architecture is Roman and Grecian
combined, and iVeed from all the trickeries of form and
ornament, with its simple lines and true proportions, is
of great dignit\" and beauty. The building is three
stories high abo\ e a granite basement and is hand-
somely built of brick with sandstone trimming's. The
basement contains, in addition to the most excellent
sanitar}' arrangements and the boilers tor the steam-
heating aparatus, a chemical laboratory fitted with
SCHOOLS. 73
desks and tiirnishcd completely for experimental
study, and a philosophical lecture-room, both large
and well \ cntilalcd. Aboxc, on the first floor are the
spacious school and recitation rooms, the rooms of the
school commitee and the ofhce of the superintendent
of schools. The second floor contains, in addition to
the school and recitation rooms, the school librarv and
the office ot tlu' principal, 'i'lu- third floor contains
the large school hall where the school assembles for
devotional exercises, for music, and for public declam-
atory exercises. It contains also two rooms titted for
the teaching of instrumental and Irec-hand drawing,
and containing a large number of casts and studies.
An arrangement of gaslights and screens gives facili-
ties for the stud\' of light and shade effects. The
corridoi's are high and wide, the staircases of easy
ascent, the cloak-rooms and teachers' apartments light
and ample. Electric bells and speaking-tubes com-
municate with the }")rincipars room from all parts of
the building, and the edifice, first occupied in 1874,
and costing with the lot about $110,000, is a model of
comfort and con\enience. From its upper windows a
large portion of the city may be seen, and the windings
of the beautiful Merrimack traced for a long distance.
The halls and school-rooms are adorned with pictures
and busts, gifts from the Alumni Association and the
(graduates and friends of the school. The /Vlumni
Association is one of the oldest of such institutions,
and perhaps the most prosperous. It gives two recep-
tions during the year, invitations to which are eagerh^
sought, and it has a quite large fund safely invested,
74
HAVERHILL, MASSACttUSET'fS.
the income of which has been devoted for some time to
the purchase of pictures for the beautif^^ing of the
school-room walls.
The school has about 200 pupils. Its corps of
teachers is a master, two submasters, four female
assistants, and the instructor in music. The most of
these teachers have been long connected with the
school, and all have especial fitness for the departments
of instruction under their charge. The Master is a
graduate of Harvard College, the first submaster of
Dartmouth, the second submaster of Brown. There
are three full courses of study, each of four years, the
Classical, the English and Classical, and the English.
The traditions of the school are of high scholarship,
and it is the constant aim of the officials to use the best
methods and secure the best results. It has been the
pride of the school to enter its sons at Harvard or
Dartmouth or Williams or Amherst as well trained as
the boys from Exeter or Andover, to place those who
choose a scientific course in the Institute of Technol-
ogy unconditioned, and to present its daughters fully
prepared for the examinations at Wellesle}', Smith, or
the Harvard Annex. How intimatel}' it is connected
with the civic and social life of the place may be seen
in the fact that among its former pupils are the mayor
of the cit}', its civil engineer, mau}^ of its bank cashiers
and tellers, several of the trustees of the Public Library,
the superintendent of schools, the master of the High
School, and the majority of the public teachers, mem-
bers of the school board, and very many of those who,
in the various literary clubs of Haverhill, promote the
SCHOOLS. 75
sociiil and literary interests of the eity. Among those
who have gone forth from this to other fields of labor
and usefulness, and whom the High Sehool has trained
and prepared, are those who till all grades of honor and
of trust, — the president of the national senate, law-
3ers and preaehers, seientists and business men.
But be the power and success of the school shown
in the lives of those who ser\e in more important or
more humble offices, the school seeks always to leave
those who go forth from it more mighty in mind, more
might\' in heart, richer in the power of usefulness, to
place them more surelv under the guardianship of ''the
three great angels of Conduct, of Toil, and of Thought."
The list of the present corps of teachers, and the
course of study are appended:
Clarence E. Kellev, A. M., Harvard "73, Master.
James D. Ilorne, A. B., Dartmouth '84. Sub-
master.
Walter O. Cartwright, A. B., Brown, '81, Sub-
master.
Harriet O. Nelson, English Literature and Latin.
Mary S. Bartlett, Latin and Physiology.
Nellie M. Moore, French and Histor}'.
Mira W. Bartlett, Geometry, Drawing, and Botany.
W. W. Kea3's, Instructor in Music.
7^ HAVERIIILT., MASSACHUSETTS.
HAVEKHILL HIOH SCHOOL.
COURSE OF STUDY.
English Course.
FIRST YEAR.
First Term. Second Term.
Alg-cbra. Algebra.
English History. French History.
Book-keeping. Book-keeping.
Civil Go\ernment. English.
Drawing. Drawing.
second year.
First Term. Second Term.
Geometry. Geometry.
Physiology. Botany.
Arithmetic. Arithmetic.
Eno-lish. English.
Drawino-. Drawino-.
third year.
First Term. Second Term.
French. French.
Rhetoric. Roman History.
Physics. Rhetoric.
Greek Historw Physics.
SCHOOLS. 7^
FOURTH YEAR.
First Term. Second Term.
French. French.
English Literature. Engflish Literature.
Chemistry. Astronomy.
English and Classical Course.
first year.
First Term. Second Term.
Algebra. Algebra.
English History. French Histor\-.
Latin Grammar and Read- Latin Grammar and Read-
er, Latin Composition. er, Latin Composition.
Cixil Government. English.
SECOND YEAR.
First Term. Second Term.
Geometry. Geometry.
Physiology. Botany.
Cccsar, Latin Composition. Cicero's Orations.
English. English.
THIRD YEAR.
First Term. Second Term.
French. French.
Greek History. Roman History.
Virpfil. Virofil.
Physics. Physics.
jS HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
FOURTH YEAR.
First Term. Second Term.
French. French.
English Literature. English Literature.
Chemistry. Astronomy.
Classical Course.
first year.
First Term. Second Term.
Algebra. Algebra.
Eno-lish IlistorN-. French History.
Latin Grammar and Read- Latin Grammar and Read-
er, Latin Composition. er, Latin Composition.
Ci\il Government. English.
SECOND YEAR.
First Term. Second Term.
Geometr}'. Geometry.
Greek Grammar and Read- Greek Grammar and Read-
er, er.
Caesar, and Latin Composi- Cicero's Orations,
tion. Sight Latin. English.
English.
THIRD YEAR.
First Term. Second Term.
Algebra. Algebra.
Xenophon, Greek Compo- Xenophon, Greek Compo-
sition, sition.
Greek History. Roman History.
Virgil, Sight Latin, Latin Virgil, Sight Latin, Latin
Composition, Composition.
Physics. Physics and Astronomy.
SCHOOLS. 79
FOURTH YEAR.
First Term. Second Term.
French, English Literature, French, English Litera-
Geometry. ture, Geometr}-.
Greek. Greek.
Latin. Latin.
General Exercises.
Compositions b\ all pupils. Vocal Music each week.
Declamations b\' b()3's.
A few rods w^est of the new Hio-h School buildin$r
fc>
stands the "outgrown shell," — the old dwelling of
the school, — now occupied by the Whittier grammar
and primary schools. The seven or eight elms on the
beautiful lawn in front of the building may give the
pupils in the hot summer days a grateful idea of
academic shades and possibl}' the inscription High
School, still allowed to remain on the facade of the
building, may remind the pupils of what yet lies above
them. There is no building in the city around which
throng so many reminiscences. The land on w^hich it
stands was given in 1826 as a site for an academy, and
the building was dedicated in 1827. The orator w^as
the Hon. Leverett Saltonstall of Salem, and the poet,
" a tall, slight, distinguished-looking but bashful 3-outh
of nineteen, w^ith strikingly beautiful eyes," was John
8o HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
G. Whittier, who had just entered the school. Whit-
tier was introduced to Miss Arethusa Hall, the pre-
ceptress, bv the Hon. James H. Duncan as "a young
man who at the shoemaker's bench often hammered
out line verses."
Fiftv-seven years later a number of the survi\ing
alumni of that old academy held a reunion in honor of
Whittier, at which the belo\-ed singer was present and
for which he wrote a touching poem. —
1827-1885.
"The gulf of seven and fift}' years
We stretch our welcoming hands across;
The distance but a pebble's toss
Between us and our youth appears.
■' For in life's school we linger on.
The remnant of a once full list.
Conning our lesson, undismissed.
With faces to the setting sun.
"The eyes grown dim to pleasant things
Have keener sight for bvgone years.
And sweet and clear, in deafening ears,
The bird that sang at morning sings.'"
The upper room, Academy Hall, was a place for
lectures and balls and religious meetings, where "grave
SCHOOLS.
and <i^av alternate chased." The room below, tlie uld
school-room, has faintly echoed to the maiden " speak-
in<)^" of some who afterwards won the applause ol
listeniiiL!,- senates, and nian\' who later spoke in the
pulpit, on the platform, or at the bar. In 1841 the
Academ\- became a \\\^h School. The buildin^- has
been remodeled once or twice to suit the <)^rowin<j;-
needs, and in iS()(;. at an ex]~)ense ol about $12,000,
was extensixely changed, while still keeping in its
o'cneral external apj^earance the features of the old
acadcm\ . 'i'he school has four teachers. I'he princi-
pal, Miss Sarah S. Xo\es, thoug-h still on the sunny
side of life, has tau^^ht in llaxerhill schcjols lor thirt\'
years, and had a share in the trainin<i,- ol many ol the
successixe cit\' governments, the school committee and
the teachers. A short distance farther up Winter Street
stands the Winter Street School building containing
about s<^^<^^ scholars, under the charge ol twehe teachers,
the principal being Mr. Charles \V. Haley. I'his
school is of high grade, and sends annually about h^rty
pupils to the High School. The present building was
built in 1856 and was dedicated with an address by the
Hon. Georoe S. Boutwell. It has since then under-
o'one N'arious changes to accommodate the growing
school population.
The Scho(jl Street Grammar Scho(^l, under the
charge of Mr. Fred Gowing, has about 300 pupils, with
eiirht teachers. This school has been established for
tifty years, although, like the other grammar schools, it
has outgrown one dwelling after another during that
time, and sent its oyerflow to other and newly created
schools.
CURRIER SCHOOL.
SCHOOLS. 83
There had lonij;- been a u^raniniar sehool on Wash-
ington Street, a most deliu^httul place when Haverhill
was a \ illai^e. In the stirring- days of the rebellion its
boys saw the sons of the \ illaL;e march past its gates
on their way to the war; they saw the gallant hosts of
Maine go by on the railroad just west; they saw also
the home-coming of those who went forth, some with
the cherished flag wrapped round their coffined forms,
some marching beneath its stained and torn but vet
victorious folds; and, through all the daNs of excite-
ment, of grief, of waiting, of hoping, ol" victor\-, the
nation's llag, made b\- the daughters of the school,
floated from its upper window. The school — and the
other grammar schools also — has its roll of honor, the
list of its scholars who poured out their life-blood for the
nation's defence. The Hon. George H. Carleton, the
late mayor of the cit\', was its master in those davs of
action when its sons learned a practical lesson in
patriotism. Later, trade invaded the quiet street, and
tall brick buildings, bustling hives of industry, crowded
back the quiet cottages, and made the removal of the
school necessarv. Following the " course of empire,"
Horace Greeley's advice, and the growth of the city, it
went west, and on the fifth of June, 1873, occupied a
new home on Silver Hill. The building was so
superior to any other in the town that the school report
says of it that its "prominence and superioritv over all
the surrounding structures is a correct indicator of the
relative position which our educational S3stem holds
among the agencies of society as now constituted in
our country."
SCHOOLS. 85
As illustrating the growth of the city westward in
the last fifteen years, it is interesting to note, that,
when the Currier School was opened, it was current
opinion that so large a building never could be used.
It contained eight large school-rooms and a school hall.
Three of these rooms were opened with an attendance
of 198 scholars. Four rooms have since been added,
and to-day twehe rooms are occupied, with an atten-
dance of about 500, while two large brick primary
schools of six and eight rooms respectively have been
built in addition to accommodate that district.
The principal of this school is a woman, Miss Mary
A. Tappan, who has been at the head of the school
since the building was erected. It is possible that
Haverhill recognizes the equality of the sexes more
than any other city, for it pays the principal of this
school the same salar}^ that the male principals of the
other grammar schools receive.
For some years now a training school for teachers
has been in operation, and many of the most successful
primary teachers are graduates of it. It is under the
charge of a principal and an assistant principal. The
number of pupil teachers is limited to sixteen. These
must be graduates of the High School, or must succes-
fully pass an examination upon prescribed subjects.
The course of training is a year and a half, and the
work is that of the tour lower grades of the school
course. The school has 200 scholars, and the pupil
teachers, in additional to the theory of teaching and the
normal work, are trained and tested by the care, the
discipline, and the teaching of the four schools in the
■•.7.
o
SCHOOLS. 87
building. The rank of this school is high, and appli-
cations to enter it come not only from the young ladies
of the city, but from other cities and towns. The
pupil teachers are subjected to constant examination,
and to careful and kindly criticism, and receive certifi-
cates which state for what grade of teaching thev are
best adapted. Those who fail in the essential requi-
sites of a teacher are, after careful trial, advised of their
failure and (juietly withdrawn from the school. The
existence of this school shows the desire and care of
Haverhill to obtain well trained and tested teachers for
the youngest pupils.
Of the other grammar and primary schools it is
needless to speak in detail. The same care, the same
course of study, the same desire to do the best possible
work is in them all. Sufficiently abundant in number
and convenient in position to avoid large numbers or
long distances, they leave no reasonable excuse for
any child's not enjoying their privileges.
For those to whom private schools seem a neces-
sit}', Haverhill is most delightfully situated. There
are pri^■ate kindergarten schools tor the youngest
pupils, and private home schools for delicate or back-
ward children of more advanced years. The Irish
Catholic parent may send his children to the school of
St. James, and the French Catholics have also a school
of their own. Across the river the well known Brad-
ford Academy and the Carleton School offer their ad-
vantages, while the famous schools of Andover and
Exeter are reached by a few minute's ride. In neigh-
boring towns the old Dummer Academy in Byfield,
88 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
and the new Sanborn Academy in Kingston, each
under most excellent management, invite to more quiet
and peaceful halls of learning. The colleges of Har-
vard and I'ufts, and the \ari()us institutions of Boston
are an hour's ride away, and the railroad otfers almost
hourly facilities for reaching them.
But, up to the \"ery entrance to the universit}-, it is
needless for anv parent of Haverhill to seek training for
his child elsewhere than in its public schools. What
they may lack it is the purpose of the city to lurnish,
what they may do it is its purpose to do excellentl}',
while in their breadth and extent of instruction it is its
ambition to have them unexcelled, tor it believes the
public school to be the most powerful social factor in
promoting its own material, moral, and intellectual
well-being, and in magnifying and ennobling the gift
of citizenship. ^uid niitnics Reipubliccc inajits,
meliusve^ afferre possiniius qiiam si juvoitutcin
docemus et bene erudiiiiusl
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS.
nAme of school.
"0
c
1 .
.s
.Salaries of
Teachers.
i
Valuation
of Building.
High,
7
197
19
$7550
$75,000
Winter St. (Trummar,
12
452
12
6850
30,000
Whitlicr "
4
156
4
2300
15,000
School St. "
8
282
7
4850
16,000
Currier "
12
474
12
6850
30,000
Portland St. Tra. School,
14
201
4
1880
15,000
Bowlc}',
5
205
7
3700
15,000
Wingate,
6
229
7
3250
16,000
(iro\ eland St. (jrammar.
4
157
5
2200
1 5 ,000
Locust St. Primary,
2
106
2
1000
6,000
Chestnut St. ''
4
165
4
2100
1 5 ,000
Pond St.
48
500
1,500
Tilton's Cor. *'
34
500
1,500
Mill Vale Union,
19
500
800
vSaunders' Hill Union,
13
500
800
Corliss Hill
10
500
1,000
Rocks \'illage "
51
1000
2,000
Kenoza Avenue,
20
420
1,200
North Avenue,
25
500
1,000
North Main St.
30
500
1,800
Monument St.
72
1000
2,500
Broadway,
12
500
1,000
North Broadwa}',
17
420
1,000
Ayer's Village,
2
49
2
800
2,500
Lowell Avenue,
I
18
I
420
800
Eve'g School, Males,
7
146
6
600
" " Females,
3
87
2
240
" " Drawing,
2
65
2
300
" " Book-keep.
I
3i
I
120
Oroanizkd Activitv.
Il;i\crhill's ecclesiastical liiston' reads \erN' much
like that ol' so many of the older New Eno-land settle-
ments, to whose inhabitaiits religious observances were
meat and drink. rns]->ired to leave their native land
and seek a lodgment in the wilderness by their inbred
convictions in regard to the torms and methods of
religion, it was inevitable, that there should be, to their
minds, no distinction between religious and secular
government, between taxes for police and taxes for
preachers, between town and parish. Ditficult as it
may be for us to comprehend their intimate and in-
alienable association of the secular and the spiritual,
to our minds and in our day so dissimilar, it was never-
theless for many 3'ears a fact, and a fact of great
moment in the management of public affairs and in the
growth of towns. In Haverhill, the town and the
parish were identical for nearly a hundred and thirty
years, town meetings and the services of the Sabbath
being held in the same building, at once the town-
02. HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSET^fS.
house and the parish meeting-house. In the town
books and by the town clerk were preserved the
records of such transactions as would now be con-
sidered as relating entirely to the various religious
societies but which were then necessarily a part of the
town's business.
In 1728 the town had become so large as to make
it a matter of convenience for its inhabitants to divide
it into two parishes, and later into more, so that those
who lived in the remoter parts need not be obliged to go
so far for worship. The parish meetings, having be-
come, therefore, gatherings of a part of the people only,
became also, perforce, distinct from the town meetings.
Still, however, dwellers in the parish were, in the
nature of things, b}- virtue of their residence, owners of
the meeting-house, attendants upon its services, con-
tributors to the support of preaching. At this time,
and for forty years later, if an}' resident of the parish
omitted to pay the parish rates, the parish collector was
empowered to " take distress " on him and obtain the
withheld rates b}' the sale of his seized goods. One
John White, whose rates were gotten by this summary
process, sued the parish to recover them, but lost his
cause. The ancient rights of the parish being thus
upheld, doubtless the parish officers were willing to
become less strenuous in their exercise, and compro-
mises were effected between the parish and its unwil-
ling rate-payers until, a few 3"ears later, a special
statute exempted from the payment of the parish rates
such of the parishioners as presented to the authorities
certiticates of their membership of dissenting churches
FIRST PARISH CHURCH.
94 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
and of their payment of church rates therehi. The
relationship between town and parish continued so
close that the town meetings were still held in the
meeting-house of the tirst parish; and it was not until
1828 that the parish asserted its especial proprietorship
by demanding payment from the town for the use of its
building. Not until twenty years later did the town
have a distinct assembling-place of its own. The dif-
ficulties in the wa}' of calling parish and church
synonymous were exemplified in Haverhill in the
early part of this century by the disagreement between
the Unitarian and Trinitarian wings of the Congrega-
tionalists, a familiar story in many New England towns.
These occasioned a series of manceuverings for techni-
cal rights and possessions, and reached a climax at
length in an open rupture between the two sects.
Dissensions of the same general sort had arisen also in
the West Parish, where the Universalists were more
numerous, which were finally settled by mutual agree-
ment as to which should be "the parish."
Already, however, in 1765, had occured the first
break in the unanimity of religious worship in the town
by the formation of a Baptist church, the first in the
count}-, the evident declaration of what was to be a
persistent rebellion against the traditional '-standing
order." It was not, howe\er, until the next century
that larther progress was made in the cultivation of
a diversity of religious belief, but from that time on
denominations arose and multiplied until now, in 1889,
there are twenty-four church organizations, divided
among eleven difterent denominations, — including Uni-
ORGANIZED ACTIVITY.
95
tarian and Trinitarian Congrcgationalists, Univcrsalists,
Baptists, Freewill Baptists, Adventists, Methodists,
Episcopalians, Christians, Roman Catholics, and Spirit-
ualists. The 'J'rinitarians have five churches scattered
over the city; the Baptists, five; the Unitarians, Uni-
CENTER CHURCH.
versalists, Episcopalians, Methodists, and Roman Cath-
olics, two each; and the rest one. Some of these
edifices are remarkable for beauty and adaptedness.
The present church edifice of the First Parish was
built in 1847 to replace one that was destroyed by fire
96 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
on the first day of January of that year. When built it
was placed with the front to the south, but in 1884 the
structure was raised, enlari^ed, and turned to face the
east. At that time a laroe and commodious vestr}^ was
constructed underneath, an addition made to the rear,
making room for the organ and choir, the old win-
d(nvs were replaced by rich and tasteful designs in
cathedral glass, the interior was frescoed in agreeable
colors, and the exterior painted in color similar to the
old red sandstone. The audience room has a seating
capacity of about 500. The vestry beneath, which has
assumed the name of Unity Hall, will accommodate
something more thrin 300. Both rooms are light and
airv, and fm-nish a comenient and desirable church
home for the men and women who worship there.
The church is situated on the corner of Main Street and
Crescent Place, immediately in iVont of the foot of
Summer Street. The present pastor began his labors
with the parish in October of 188 [, and a good degree
of prosperit^■ has attended the endeavors of the people.
Their hope is to make religion a practical application
ot the i^rinciples of human brotherhood to the social
and business affairs of daily life, in the belief that in-
tegrity and sincere manliness are the foundations of all
success.
The Center church is located on Main Street direct-
1}' opposite the City Hall. The edifice was completed
and dedicated on December 17, 1834. It originall}'
varied alike in appearance and arrangement from the
present structure. The entrance was adorned b}' two
massive pillars, "" one on the right hand, the other on
ORGANIZED ACTIVITY.
97
the left,'' in iniitJition of those ;it the entrance of Solo-
mon's temple at Jerusalem. The ,o;ahle was orna-
mented b\- belfrv and spire. In 1.S59 the old "gallery
NORTH LllLKeli.
was torn down, and the walls were tinishcd in imitation
of heavy stone w^ork. The auditorium was enlarged in
order to make room for additional pews. The tower
98 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
and spire were built at this time. The chiireh was re-
dedicated January 27, i860. In 1878 the interior of
the church was again remodeled. The entire building
was raised for the purpose of constructing in the
basement a lecture-room, dining-room, ladies' parlor,
kitchen, and library. A galler)' was built across the
western end of the auditorium, a new pulpit was fur-
nished, and the walls and ceilings were appropriately
frescoed at a cost of nine thousand dollars. The pas-
tors of the church have been: The Rev. Joseph Whit-
tlesey, installed Aug. 28, 1833; the Rev. Edward A.
Lawrence, D. D., installed May 4, 1839; the Rev.
•Benjamin F. Hosford, installed May 21, 1845; the Rev.
Theodore T. Munger, D. D., installed Jan. 6, 1864; the
Rev. Charles M. Hyde, D. D., installed Nov. 15, 1870;
the Rev. Henry E. Barnes, D. D., installed Nov. 21,,
1876, and the present pastor, the Rev. Edwin C. Hol-
man, installed Dec. 15, 1886.
The corner-stone of the North church, a substan-
tial wooden edifice erected by a society which was an
otishoot from that connected with the Center Church,
was laid July 20, 1859, at the corner of Main and
White streets, at the top of the hill which there rises
from the river with a pretty steep ascent. It was dedi-
cated Feb. 21, i860. It is ninety feet long and sixty
feet wide, containing one hundred and thirty-two pews,
with a seating capacity of about seven hundred. It
has in the basement a chapel, with parlor, kitchen, and
smaller rooms; is finished with a tower, belfry, and
spire, with a clock given in large part by residents of
the neighborhood, and cost about $30,000. The first
lOO HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
pastor, the Rev. Raymond H. Seeley, D. D., remained
with the eliureh from his instalhition in i860 until his
himented death in 1885, when the Rev. Nehemiah
Boynton, who had been installed as associate pastor the
previous year, assumed the pastorate. The latter re-
signed in 1888, and in 1889 the Rev. James W. Bixler
was chosen his successor. The church has a member-
ship of about live hundred, the Sunday-school of about
six hundred; and the atiairs of the society are in a
very flourishing condition.
Trinitv church was organized October 8, 1855, and
the Rev. W. C. Brown was its tirst rector. The cor-
ner-stone of the present building, on White Street, was
laid May 15, 1856, and the first service in the com-
pleted churcli was held on Christmas of that year. It
was consecrated Jan. 7, 1857, by Bishop Eastburn.
Upon Mr. Brown's resignation in 1858, the Rev.
Charles II. Seymour became the rector. In 1865 an
addition was made on the southerly side of the build-
ing, increasing the seating capacity to 500. Mr. Sey-
mour resigned his position in 1868 and in July of that
year the Rev. S. C. Thrall succeeded him. In 1869,
by the exertions of the parish, with generous aid from
citizens of the town and liberal donations from friends
of the church abroad, a chime of bells was placed in
the church tower, being at that time and for some years
after the only chime of bells in Essex County. Dr.
Thrall resigned in 1871 and was succeeded in 1872 by
the Rev. Charles A. Rand. In 1880, the twenty-fifth
anniversary of the tbrmation of the parish was cele-
brated by a convention of the bishops and clergy of the
ORGANIZED ACTIVITY.
lOI
diocese, and about a thousand dollars was expended in
iniprovintjj and beautifying the church. Mr. Rand's
death in 1884, by the wrecking of the steamship on
FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH.
which he was journe3nng to Florida, ended a pastorate
of twelve years and deprived the parish of a faithful
and beloved teacher. In 1885, the present rector, the
I02 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
Rev. Diuid }. Ayers, assumed the pastoral charge.
Man}' improvements ha\e been made during the past
few years. A rectory (the bequest of a former parish-
ioner) has been added to the property of the church;
a new organ has been phiced in the chancel; an elabo-
rate and costly font, a rood screen, a pulpit, a chancel
rail, and many other beautiful gifts ha\e added greatly
to the beauty of the interior and to the convenience of
worship.
After building three meeting-houses on Merrimack
Street, the First Baptist Religious Society erected its
present commodious and attracti\e home on Main
Street in the year 1883. This church editice may be
classed with the largest of the state, the place covering
about fourteen thousand square feet of land. The
building is divided in plan into entrance porches and
tower, auditorium, choir, and chapel. The tower is
nineteen feet square at the base and rises one hundred
and forty feet. The auditorium seats comfortabl}- one
thousand persons. With its rose windows, immense
chandeliers, and large organ, this is one of the most
beautiful houses of worship in New England. The
whole property, including land and parsonage on New-
comb Street, has a value of $100,000. The twentv-
three members who constituted this church in 1765
have increased to four hundred in 1889.
The first Universalist church edifice in Haverhill
was built in 1825 and dedicated the thirtieth of
November of that year. The dedicatory sermon was
preached by the Rev. Hosea Ballou, and the prayer of
dedication was made by the Rev. Thomas AVhittemore.
*5i^-^A^il
limm
FIRST UNIVERSAL I ST CHURCH.
I04 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
The building was of brick, 40 feet in width by 55 feet
in length. A steeple, heating- aparatus, and bell were
provided some years later. The present edifice was
erected in 1855. It is of wood, 48 feet by 75 feet in
dimension, and is located on the site of the old church
on Summer Street, corner of Bartlett Avenue. It has a
seating- capacit\- of aboiit live hundred. Some years
a^-o a chapel was built beneath the church, and the
audience room has been several times extensively
renovated. A large and tine organ is now located on
the right of the pulpit. The church has had fourteen
pastors, the longest pastorate being that of the Rev.
Calvin Damon, who, in two settlements, served the
church tor nineteen years. The present pastor is the
Rev. J. C. Snow, D. D., who was called to the charge
of the church in November, 1882, and entered upon his
duties the following January. The congregation is of
good size and embraces members of the prominent and
influential families of the city.
In the fall of 1884 was laid the corner-stone of
St. James' Roman Catholic church. This structure,
built in the conventional Gothic style of architecture, is
175 feet long and 75 feet wide, with a seating capacity
sutficient to accommodate 1400 people. Its steeple is
215 feet in height. The cost of this building when
completed, which happy result it is expected will be
reached within two years, will be $130,000. The
whole edifice is pronounced by competent judges to be
one of the finest pieces of architectural church work in
New England. In addition to this there are connect-
ed with the parish a parochial residence, a convent,
ST. JAMES ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH.
io6 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
and a parochial school, all three possessing latest
modern improvements. The school building contains
1 6 class-rooms, with accommodations for 900 children.
The above furnish sufficient evidence, were such evi-
dence needed, not only of the concord and harmony
existing between the pastor of St. James' Church, the
Rev. James O'Doherty, and his people, but also of the
sobriety of the people, their faithfulness to their em-
ployers, their steadiness at work, and their econom}',
in being able to accomplish all this without any per-
ceptible decrease in their savings.
There is something about the air and the soil of
these frontier settlements that breeds men, even if the
reluctant clearings are churlishly irresponsive to the
farmers hand. Here in Flavcrhill, however, the land
was fertile both in crops and in men. At a time when
the clergy held the hrst place in the esteem of men,
ruled over their parishes with a swav more or less
autocratic, and walked out of church at the head of
their tiocks, who waited in patient reverence until the
lordly cleric had passed b}', HaverhilTs divines ranked
with the best; and there have not been wanting those
since whose fame has not been limited to Haverhill or
its vicinity and among whom it would be invidious to
particularize. There are now in Haverhill about
thirt}' of each of the three learned professions.
In the colonial and provincial time the most im-
portant family, however, was that of the Saltonstalls,
whose intellect and capacity made them conspicuous
among their townsmen, and whose descendents, near or
remote, have well preserved the traditional reputation
Io8 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
here and elsewhere. With the Revolution, however,
eamc wider opportunities and greater necessities. The
times made men. For this war, as for all the others,
Haverhill furnished its full share of the rank and file
and also men of the requisite stuff for higher duties. Its
sons contributed to the roll of commissioned oliicers
one colonel and four brigadier-generals of the Revolu-
tionar}' army, the chief medical officer of the United
States Army at the close of the Revolution, a briga-
dier-general of the war of 1812, and another general,
"the most conspicuous soldier of Massachusetts" in
the late war, himself grandson of one of HaverhilTs
most eminent men, Bailey Bartlett, for forty-one years
hio-h sheriff of Essex and four years a representative to
the Congress of the United States. Later Haverhill
sent to Washington another representative for four
years, James H. Duncan; and the present United
States senator from Kansas and president of the Senate
is considered in Haverhill as properly one of its sons.
In other walks of life, however, the natives of
Haverhill have sought and found distinction. Among
them have been Daniel Appleton, founder of the well-
known publishing house of D. Appleton and Company;
Benjamin Greenleaf, excellent mathematician and au-
thor of a series of widely used mathematical text-books;
Harriet Newell, one of the pioneers in the establish-
ment of the missionary system in India and whose sad
death at the age of nineteen hallows her memor}-.
Haverhill's most distinguished scholar was undoubted-
ly Charles Short, at one time president of Kenyon Col-
lege, Ohio, and at the time of his death professor of the
l_x
^Im^hi^"
jimin.iininwW''''""
iqgmnmfniniiciii
PUBLIC J.I15RAKV.
iiO HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
Latin language and literature at Columbia College,
New York.
The most distinguished native of Haverhill is the
poet John Grcenleaf Whittier, who, horn in a low-
roofed farm-house, now two hundred }ears old, in the
eastern parish of the town in 1807, spent here also his
youth and earl\- manhood. He worked on his father's
farm, o-ot the usual sehooling of the eountrv bov in the
district where he lived, and, later, supplemented this
scanty education b}- attendance upon the Haxerhill
Academv, where he himself afterwards taught. He
edited one of the Haverhill papers for a time and then
departed for a wider field of usefulness. To the home
of his bovhood his heart has always turned. His poems
breathe the air of Essex, and paint its landscape, its
home life, its traditions. His birthplace, the Mecca to
which the steps of reverent pilgrims turn each year,
has been celebrated by himself in "" Snow-Bound." It is
in itself the simplest of natural scenes, not unfitting the
simple nature of the man, a low and rude house stand-
ing near the road-side, where the stage-road to Ames-
bur\' is intersected b\' a cross-road. He describes the
familiar scene as "the old farm-house nestling in its
vallev, hills stretching off to the south and green
meadows to the east; the small stream which came
noisilv down its ravine, washing the old garden wall,
and softlv lapping on fallen stones and moss}' roots of
beeches and hemlocks; the tall sentinel poplars at the
gatewa}'; the oak forest, sweeping unbroken to the
northern horizon; the grass-grown carriage-path, with
its rude and crazy bridge."
RESIDENCE OF MR. J. H. WINCHELL.
112 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
The spot is even now secluded and peaceful, but
far more lonely in his day, when it was scarce visited
but by the weekly stage. Here, however, were formed
the purity of soul, the unselfishness, the regard for
principle, the love of freedom, and the carelessness of
personal consequences that have marked his career.
Here, also, he fellowshiped with the musk-rat and the
squirrel, learned the sources of the brooks and their
pathway's to the river, drank in the " old wives' tales "
of the neighborhood, and thus, in unconsciousness,
wrapped the mantle of the poet around him. In his
own words, —
" I was rich in Bowers and trees,
Humming-birds and honey-bees;
For my sport the squirrel played,
Plied the snouted mole his spade;
For m\ taste the blackberry cone
Piu'pled over hedge and stone;
Laughed the brook for m}' delight.
Through the da}- and through the night.
Whispering at the garden wall.
Talked with me from fall to fdl;
Mine the sand-rimmed pickerel pond.
Mine the walnut slopes be3'ond.
Mine, on bending orchard trees,
Apples of Flesperides! "
Whittier, though now a resident of Danvers or
Amesbury, is beloved and revered in the city of his
birth, where a club, formed in his honor, delights in
remembering annually his birthday with some token of
their regard.
ESTATE OF THE LA'J'E C. D. HUNKIXG.
114 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
Of its public library Haverhill is, and may well be,
proud. It is a perpetual monument to the liberality of
its founder, the late E. J. M. Hale, who gave to the
city the lot on which it stands, half the cost of the
buildino-, a legacy oi' a hundred thousand dollars, and
other sums at various times, making a total ot $174,-
c;oo. To this has recently been added a legacy of
$15,000 from one of the trustees, lately deceased. In
this institution were naturally absorbed the books of the
Haverhill Library Association, which had hitherto en-
deavored to supply the public need for reading matter.
Its elegant and commodious building was erected in an
excellent location, in 1875, at a cost of $50,000, by a
Haverhill builder, after the plans and under the super-
vision of a Haverhill architect. It is built of brick,
having a frontage of se\enty-two feet and a depth of
lifty-five, with three stories, respectively twelve, sixteen,
and twent}^ feet high. The ample basement is de\'oted
to the reception and storage of books, etc.; on the
eastern side, the upper stories are occupied by the cir-
culating library and reading-room; while on the west-
ern side, the space of both stories is converted into two
lofty halls, broken only by galleries, and used, one for
the distribution of books and one for a reference libra-
ry. The walls and ceilings are beautifulh' frescoed,
and the rooms and halls are adorned with abundant
pictures and busts, including one of the only two casts
of Houdon's Washington after the original statue, a
bust and an oil painting of Whittier, and many classic
engravings.
Il6 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
The library contains 45,000 volumes and loaned in
1888, 58,132 books, or an average of 209 a day. The
reading-room contains eighty-six newspapers, periodi-
cals, and reviews, daily, weekly, monthly, and quar-
terlv, and atibrds abundant opportunities to the student
ot' contemporarv literature. The books in the refer-
ence library ha\ e been selected with unusual care and
are especially rich in the department of art. At the
opening of the library, it was intrusted b}- the trustees
to a gentleman of \on^^ experience in the public library
of Boston, who has ever since continued in charge.
The onh' condition imposed upon the cit\' bv the
Ibunder was that the city should meet the current
expenses, and a large part of these are defrayed by the
interest of a subsequent legacy from the founder, so
that the annual cost to the city is but a trifling sum.
It is, and is meant to be, of use to the student, the
artist, the mechanic, and the casual reader; and it is
an important factor in the social, educational, and
literary growth of the citv. It is not unlikelv, that
manv of the social and literarv clubs, tor whose num-
ber Haverhill is celebrated, owe, if not their origin,
the stimulus of their later growth and success, to the
opportunities aftbrded by this library. Its facilities, for
a city of this size, cannot be surpassed, or its value
over-estimated.
Haverhill is a city in which the average man
appears to good advantage and in which the extremes
of riches and poverty do not abound. Poverty and
riches exist, but not in the marked antithesis that ob-
tains in some communities. Being thus a place in
Il8 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
which there are many *"'' well-to-do '' but lew of the
very rich or the very poor, it is essentially a demo-
cratic city, where equality obtains without the need of
offensive self-assertion. Many of its wealthy men have
themselves worked, at the bench or elsewhere, and
attained riches and position b}' their own exertions,
and are thus naturally in touch with those who are
likely, later on, to come from the same bench to take
their places. It follows, therefore, that there are com-
paratively few residences conspicuous among their
fellows for lavish architecture or luxurious adornment,
although some of the less pretentious are noteworth}-
for the evidence of an artistic sense and a trained taste
in their furnishing. The stranger within Haverhill's
gates is, however, alwa3's taken to drive through
'"'' Birchbrow," the estate of Mr. Thomas Sanders, the
present president of the Board of Trade, and to " Win-
nikenni Hall," until recently owned by the late Dr.
James R. Nichols, who came to this city on foot, a
farmer's boy, to seek his fortune, and now the property
of Mr. William G. Webb of Salem. Each of these
charming homes rises from one of Haverhill's abun-
dant hills to overlook a lake, and each bears witness,
in location and structure, to the good taste of the
builder. Open to the people of the cit}' by the liber-
ality of their owners, their grounds are practically pub-
lic parks, their four or five miles of roads affording a
various landscape of hill, valley, and lake. Among resi-
dences less removed from the more compact part of the
city, but illustrative of comfortable dwellings and the
home-building spirit of the people, are those of Mr.
I20 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
James H. Winchell, at the corner of Pleasant and Pecker
Streets, in the older part of the city; of the Flunking
estate, on the main avenue leading northward from the
bridge, and of Mr. C. W. Arnold, some half mile be-
yond; of Mr. S. Porter Gardner, recently erected on a
very sightly elevation on the '' Highlands;" of Mr. Jared
M. Davis, in the thriving and finely located village of
" Riverside."
Haverhill, though not, as was said above, one of
the places " where wealth accumulates and men de-
cay," has yet some poor and unfortunate, and, having
the occasion, has also the willingness and the capacity
to provide for them. The Female Benevolent Society,
which came into being soon after the war of 1812, has
ever since been active in measures of relief for the
needy and is still cordially supported as one of the
institutions of the city as well as for the good its more
than three hundred members accomplish.
There was begun in 1858 a societ}^ since merged
in the Old Ladies' Home Association, which was
designed to provide for such women as might need it
a home for their declining years. A commodious
building, easy of access, was built for the purpose in
1876 at a cost of ten thousand dollars, and has since
afforded a comfortable retreat for many worthy
women. The society has funds to the amount of
nearly thirt}' thousand dollars, exclusive of the Home.
The Children's Aid Society was the outgrowth of a
disposition among some of the benevolent women of
the city to provide destitute children with the care and
comfort of home, whose plans were brought to a head
122 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
by its formation in 1865. It was not, however, until
187 1 that a building was obtained, to be used for the
purpose; and this was replaced in 1884 with a hand-
some brick building at a cost of twenty thousand
dollars. The society, which was formed and is man-
aged b}^ women, now holds to its credit a fund of over
fourteen thousand five hundred dollars, and real estate,
exclusive of the Home, valued at ten thousand dollars.
It has a hundred life members and over three hundred
annual members, and maintains in its comfortable
quarters over thirtv-five children each year.
The City Hospital owes its origin to the late E. J.
M. Hale, who left to trustees a fund of fifty thousand
dollars and a site for a hospital. The trustees were
organized in 1882, but no active steps were taken until
five 3'ears later, when another site was presented to the
trustees by Mr. James H. Carleton. The buildings on
it were at once remodeled for hospital purposes and
formally opened in the last week of 1887. The hos-
pital is managed by seven trustees, of whom the ma3'or
of the cit}' is ex officio chairman, has an attending staft'
of six surireons, and a consultinsj^ stafl' of five, and af-
fords accommodations for thirty patients. Situated upon
elevated land about a mile from the city, commanding
a view of two lakes, it is admirably adapted to aftbrd to
its inmates cheerful surroundings and abundance of
fresh air. The trustees still own the original site given
them by Mr. Hale and derive the means for the main-
tenance of the hospital in part from the proceeds of
their invested funds and in part from the contributions
of the charitable, who take a deep interest in the hos-
124 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
pital as doing a needed and practical work. Within
ten days of its opening its accommodations were taxed
to the utmost by a terrible disaster upon the Boston and
Maine railway, just across the river from Haverhill, by
which thirty persons were injured and fourteen lost
their lives. The hospital has cared for a little over a
hundred patients during the past year.
Haverhill is remarkable for the number and variet}^
of its clubs, — clubs of men and of women and of both,
clubs for social, literary, scientihc, religious, medical,
legal, and culinary purposes. If it is hoped to further
a " cause," to improve the mind, or to pass an occa-
sional pleasant hour, a club is formed to do it. The
whole network of social life is interwoven with clubs.
Most noteworthy, perhaps, among them is the Monday
Evening Club, an association of gentlemen formed in
i860, which has included in its membership many of
Haverhill's foremost citizens and which has lost to-da}'
none of its prestige. It has set a pattern which other
cities have copied with advantage in the formation of
similar associations, and there is also a second in
Haverhill, the Fortnightly Club, founded after its
fashion. These and like organizations serve as the
useful stimulus to study and culture that every manu-
facturing town is apt to need, and keep lit the flame of
literature, early kindled here. During the siege of
Boston, some of its well-born families, driven thence,
found a warm welcome and a happy refuge here; and
some staid on after the siege was raised, thus increas-
ing the number of the cultured. In the early da3S of
the Revolution, also, a part of the library of Harvard
126 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
College was brought here for safe keeping, and it was
even proposed to move the college here.
Among the organizations of which sociability is the
more distinctive feature is the Kenoza club, an associa-
tion of gentlemen, who occupy a picturesque spot on
the shore of Lake Kenoza. There is a grove, a house,
with conveniences for cooking; and the place aftbrds a
pleasant retreat, not too far removed, from the noise
and dust of the cit}'. It is a favorite resort of pleasure
parties and is likely to become more so, as the mem-
bers of the club have in view various projects for
increasing the attractiveness of the grounds and ex-
tending the facilities for boating and fishing.
CITY HALL REBUILT IN 1 889.
SlIOKS AND SmoKMAKIXCx.
Years aij^o, about the bcginnin«^ of the iiiiieteentli
centuiy, when Haverhill laid oti' its s\va(ldlin«i;--e]()thes
as a village and assumed the dignity ot" a town, it was
noteworthy as a market-place. On the bright summer
days the principal street of the place was filled with
the wagons of the t'armers who came in from New
Hampshire, and even trom the far oti' hills of the
Green Mountain state, to exchange their produce for
other necessities of life; and it was from this that the
shoe business, as a business, had its oriain. Throuofh-
out all the little hamlets that are scattered over the
granite hills of New Hampshire could in those days,
and can even now, be found little shops of one room
each, in which the sturdy tarmers eked out the exist-
ence which they with difficulty maintained upon their
scanty farms. Throughout the winter months these
workmen toiled over the lap-stone, making the shoes
which, with the advent of spring, found a. ready market
130 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
in the town. The transition from this state of affairs to
the concentration of the business in the town itself was
a natural if somewhat slow one.
The shoes thus made were no sooner seen than
appreciated. They were well and honestly made, of
srood material, and for durability and looks could not
be surpassed in any section of the country. The
demand soon exceeded the supply, and, consequently,
some effort must be made to increase the production.
Moreover, the younger members of these artizans'
families were ambitious. They longed for some wider
field of action and were not satisfied to tread the paths
their fathers trod, to live confined within the narrow
circumference of their native village, while, naturally
enouirh, there was not room for them within the walls
of the old homestead. The "" town " otfered them
greater possibilities, and it was to the town that their
steps naturally turned. The result was inevitable.
Haverhill shoes were in demand. By combining their
eflforts, working constantly and with system, with a
supply of material afforded by increased capital, two
men could accomplish, in the town, what tour men
could not do on the isolated country farms; and thus it
was that the first shoe manufactory was established
within the limits of Haverhill itself.
But limited capital, comparatively speaking, was re-
quired. In those days the jobbers sought the manufact-
urers and every Haverhill establishment was sure that
its products would at once find ready sale. For years
there was " nothing like leather," and, although com-
petition existed, although Haverhill was not alone in
SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. I3I
findin<^ cnit tlic ad\anta<jjcs of the trade, yet it can be
said in all sincerity that the quality of the work done
here was (A a far lii^her older than that done else-
where. The same characteristics which marked the
shoes made in spare time devoted to their manufacture
bv the farmer shoemakers existed in the <i:oods turned
out Ironi the manufactories. They were hand-made, re-
liable, stylish, " tine " <^()ods. GradualK' tlie town j^Tew ;
the immigration to it from the surroundin<i^ country
increased; new factories were opened; men with no
other capital than their sturdy arms, inbred knowled*;e
of their trade, and coura^re started out in business for
themsehes, made b\ their own labor their samples,
and, when they found a sale for their goods, hired
assistance as it was needed, increasinjj: their tiicilities
as the business i^rew. Then some happ\' genius
bethought himsell that more work could be done if it
was sub-tli\ ided into its natural dixisions, il", instead of
one man making the whole shoe in all its details — cut-
ting, sewing, lasting, etc. — iVom start to completion,
one should devote himself wholly to cutting up the
stock, anotlier to fitting it, and so on. Thus originated
the so called " team '' work, — live, six, or more men w^ho
banded themselves together, and, either as employers
or on the co-operative plan, were able to do much more
work, with lar greater comtbrt and ease to themselves.
Thus the industry made a slow natural growth, ever
increasino', but with far iVom o-iant strides, until the
great civil war broke out. The impetus given to the
trade and in fact to all other trades by this '' blessing in
disguise," for, despite the horrors, sorrow, and indi-
132 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
vicinal misery caused by it, it is useless to deny that the
full resources and possibilities of our country were
brought out and marvelously expanded by the War of
the Rebellion, is too well known to demand any ex-
tended notice in an article of this character.
The impulse thus given has, however, completely
revolutionized the shoe business. The introduction of
machinery has enabled the production to be enormous-
ly increased, while at the same time it has lowered its
cost. It has done away entirely with the old order of
things, " team '' work no longer has an existence, while
a successful manufacturer of lifty or even twenty-five
years as^o would find himself entirely at a loss to com-
prehend or carry out the various ramifications which are
now the ordinary details of the trade. Some faint idea
of how the business has o-rown may be o-leaned from
the statement, that in 1832 there were twenty-eight
firms enofao-ed in the manufacture of shoes in Haver-
hill; in 1837, fortv-two; while at the present time
there are fully two hundred firms, giving emplo3'ment
to fifteen thousand operatives, distributing annually
more than $2,000,000 in wages, and shipping each
year over two hundred thousand cases, the shipment
the past year reaching the enormous total of 250,338
cases.
Through all the time, amid adversity and prosper-
ity, in good years and poor years, the city has always
maintained its pristine reputation for turning out fine
goods; and to-day, unlike all other shoe manufacturing
places in the state, Haverhill prides itself, not so much
on turning out more shoes per annum than any other
SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. 1 33
cit\- in the world, but on the fact that the bulk of the
trade is in ''tine'' goods, whether hand or machine
made. Almost ever}' variety of leather foot-wear
which the ingenuity of man can devise is manufactured
here, including men's, women's, and children's boots,
shoes, and slippers; and some of these are of the so
called "cheap" goods. The latter is comparatively
a new departure, for, as before stated, Haverhill made
its reputation distinctively on fine hand-sewed goods, and
it was the skill and artistic taste displayed by the lead-
ing exponents of that art of which St. Crispin is the
patron saint that caused the stead}- and rapid increase
of business and the consequent growth and prosperity
of the city. Everv device that would add beauty to
the appearance, comfort in the wearing, and that inex-
pressible attribute that the French call chic has been
studied out and adopted by the local manufacturers.
The ingenuity of that most ingenious race, the New
Eno-land Yankee, has been taxed to the utmost under
the fierce heat of competition, and the artistic beauty
of manv of the Haverhill shoes is without equal in their
line, while the talent and skill displayed by the authors
of the various conceits could hardly have failed to have
given their possessors fortune and reputation, no mat-
ter in what line of life's work exerted. This, with the
lact that the shoemaker of the type of which Haverhill
boasts is a practical mechanic, being born and bred to
the business, is what, to-day, makes New England's
shoes find a ready market all over the country and
prevents the industry from being transplanted, to any
great extent, to other sections of the country. For the
134 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
most part, the men now at the head of the most pros-
perous and active, and, consequently, largest manufac-
tories of the city were once day laborers at the bench,
and their acquaintance with the various departments of
shoemaking is a thoroughly practical and often a very
useful one, man}^ a Haverhill shoe manufacturer step-
ping in, in an emergency, and taking hold of some
abandoned department of the work.
As the character of the business has changed so has
its needs, increased accommodations have been de-
manded and supplied, and, as a result, the visitor to the
once little market-town is confronted with acre after
acre of handsome brick blocks of five and six stories
fitted up expressh'to accommodate the business of making
shoes. To a casual visitor this is the first thing which
attracts attention, and yet, should he visit the suburbs,
he would find other manufactories of an even higher
grade as far as convenience and adaptability to the
purposes for which they are used is concerned. And
this brings up a feature which Flaverhill claims, and
justly, will ensure the continued growth and extension
of the business. In all quarters ol the city, convenient
of access, are desirable locations on which can be
erected factories which are just far enough from retail
business life to be cheap in rent, isolated enough to
bring insurance to a minimum, and commodious
enough to furnish all possible accommodations, while
at the same time capitalists stand ready and willing to
build such buildings as are wanted.
The fact is, the tendency of the times is toward
concentration, manufacturers are realizing more and
SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. 1 35
more the almost \itiil necessity of having all their work
done under their own supervision and in their own
buildings; and it is this that promises, most of all, to
tend to the future gr(»\vth ot tlie shoe business in
IIa\eihill and of the city itself", since it promises to
weaken the torce of two competitors that have con-
Ironted it in the j~)ast, — the country factorv and the
country workman. At the present time, the ten acres
of closeK' crowded brick blocks, the isolated factories
scattered through the suburbs, represent but a part of
the shoe industry of the cit\'; and any sketch of that
would be incomplete did it fail to mention the fact that
a large proportion of the shoes sold by Haverhill
manufacturers were made outside the city limits. The
same casual obser\er, if he continued to inspect the
city, could not tliil to notice, drawn up before a factory
door, a huge express wagon, attached to which are
four horses, and loaded down with shoe-boxes. The
team is that of a " freighter,"' so called, and it is receiv-
ing boxes of unfinished shoes, to be carried to some
country town in New Hampshire to be made up in
just the same manner and in, perhaps, just the same
kind of shops and by the same class of workmen as
were mentioned in the earlier pages of this article, in
recounting the origin of the shoe business in Haverhill.
There are some fifteen or twenty of these freighters,
making trips to the city daily or several times a week,
covering distances of ten, twenty, fort}', and even
sixty miles, and in every little hamlet through which
they pass leaving materials to be made up into shoes,
on their homeward trip, and taking away the finished
136 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
shoes on the joui'ney to Haverhill. This business,
while it has long outlasted its fellow, the old-fashioned
stage line, is rapidly losing its eomparative importance.
"The mountain will not go to Mahomet, so Mahomet
must <ro to the mountain ;" and the relative decrease in
the freighting of shoes means, that the workmen are
coming to the city, and that, under the present compe-
tition, the cheapest and best work is done directly
under the eye of the manufacturer.
There have been in Haverhill, and are even now,
occasional desertions from the ranks of the manufact-
urers by those whose energy and ambition hope to
find elsewhere better fields for the display of these
qualities, who look for less embarrassments, larger op-
portunities, more compliant workmen, and who expect
better returns for their invested capital, elsewhere than
in Haverhill. But they look in vain. The endeavor is
as futile as to stem the natural current of population
city-ward. The same tendency which settles half of
our inhabitants in cities has its influence in determining the
centers of manufacture, and they who oppose it strive
in vain. The early shoemaker, as has been said, was
the owner of a farm, the possessor of land, who supple-
mented the rewards of this calling by the proceeds of
another and whose attachment to and ownership of his
home determined his permanent residence there.
With the great increase in demand and production
of goods, and the necessary multiplication of workmen,
arose a proportionate number of shoemakers who had
no homes of their own until in later years their ac-
cumulated wages supplied them. These naturally
SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. 1^7
drifted to the city, where work was more likely to be
plenty and permanent, where boarding-places abounded,
and where the opportunities of a city offered what
would be to them allurin<r advantages. Thus, in the
nature ol" thinj^s, the city throve at the expense of the
countr}'.
This is not, however, the only or the main reason
lor ILuerhill's growth. It is a familiar maxim that
^' nothing succeeds like success," and, it ha\ing once
been known and understood that IIa\"erhill was a
center for the manufacture of " fine " goods, the best
workmen, when in search of employment, turned their
steps hither, expecting to find work and wages propor-
tioned to their skill. The custom, once formed, always
obtained. And thus, as the great corporations of Man-
chester, Lowell, Fall River, can make cottons and
woolens to the best advantage; as the carriage-builder
of Amesbur}' and Merrimac can make the same vehicle
cheaper than his competitors in places where carriage-
making is not the main industry; as, in general, the
best results are obtained at the lowest cost where
skilled labor natural!}' congregates; so in Haverhill the
maker of shoes can turn stock into manufactured goods
better and cheaper here because the skilled workmen
are drawn to his factory b}' a natural law. The con-
centration of skilled labor at certain points, in obedi-
ence to forces that cannot always be defined, but which
can never be successfully opposed, has made possible
the origin and growth of the industrial centers of New
England.
138 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
The business of shoemaking- once well established
here, the dictates of convenience, economy, and good
business management alike suggest to the manufacturer
the advantage of pursuing it in Haverhill. If a man
falls sick, another skilled workman, not a mere stop-
gap, is ready to take his place to carry on his familiar
work. Does the machinery break down, other manu-
facturers are ready to lend, or the broken pieces can be
supplied from neighboring stores at a moment's notice.
If a shortage arises in one or another of the various
odds and ends that enter into the making of a shoe, all
of them can be had at once from the stock dealer who
finds his opportunity in the aggregation of manufact-
urers and the consequent demand for material. Nor
is the gain in convenience alone in the proximit}^ of the
stock dealer. The manufacturer, being on the spot
and forced to buy only according to his present need,
can take advantage of the market, while he who lives
at a distance must carry a stock much of the time
needlessU' large or run the risk of coming short at an
inconvenient season.
The banks, too, preferring to lend money to the cit}'
manufacturer, favor him by lending to him at lower rates
than to his competitor in the country. The railway is
at his door. The capital of the state, where the buyers
of shoes gather from all over the countr}-, is but an
hours ride; and the intercourse of maker and buyer is
therefore easily had, common, frequent. When, there-
fore, one stops to consider the distance of the countr}'
manufacturer from the abnndance of skilled workmen
and from his source of supplies, the wear and tear
SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. 1 39
in\()lvctl in the carriage of goods, the extra travel and
inconvenience occasioned by the distance Irom the
centers of trade, and the bahmce of the interest account
against him, it is small wonder, that, while the \ast
increase in manullicture has been evident both in city
and country, the far greater proportionate increase has
been, and is likeh' to be, in the former, and that, in the
course of \ears, it is not impossible that the shoe
freighter may find his occupation gone.
Nor is it stranire that a citv so well located as
Haverhill siiould in\"ite and retain capital, to be in-
^"ested in manulacluring. Land in almost all parts of
the cit\' can be had for resident purposes at reasonable
prices; two co-operative banks are ready and willing to
assist e\er\' workman to become his own landlord;
while the cost of li\ ing is quite as small as in the
smaller towns. And, moreo\er, it is from the working-
men themselves that the ranks of the manufacturers are
recruited. The hills of Haverhill are dotted with the
cottages of shrewd, intelligent, hard-working mechan-
ics, who understand their business, who are ambitious,
and who realize that the world is their oyster and that
it can be opened by them to their future advantage, if
only thev persevere. It is not alone its rich men, its
well-to-do manufacturers, that make Haverhill's shoes
hold their own, and more, in the market, nor is the
growth of the city because of them, but it is because
the majoritv of its skilled workmen have a personal
interest in its welfare, and are likely to become tax-
pavers, and so the best of citizens. Since, therefore,
the introduction of machinery has entirely changed the
140 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
character of the work and the methods of conducting
it; since the condition of the working man is bene-
fited; since econoni}- of time and economy of mate-
rial are both conserved, — it is not surprising that
the city prospers, and that the progress of events has
shown most conckisivel}-, that, ere the beginning of the
twentieth century, — Haverhill will boast of factories
three and four times as large as any now built,
factories where every single constituent which goes to
make up foot-wear will be kept and where every iota
of the manufacture will be carried on directly under
the management of the manufacturer and his agents.
The o-rowth of the shoe business from a retail to a
wholesale one has been slow, but it has been certain,
and the results are now beginning to be seen.
In addition to the manufacturing proper, there are a
hundred, nay two hundred, establishments within the
limits of the city that are connected directly with the
shoe business, outgrowths of it, and at the same time
strong props and stays to its perpetuity and growth,
since in them are sold the thousand and one parts that
are used in making up the simple-looking, but in
realit}' complicated, foot-covering, the machinery, tools,
and so forth used in its construction. There are
dealers in patterns, trimmings, dies, lasts, cut soles,
leather of all descriptions, rands, heels, tops, stiffen-
ings, wooden and paper boxes, leather-board, paints,
varnishings, and hundreds of other minor essentials.
In this connection it can be said, that Haverhill boasts
the largest sole-leather establishment in the United
States; that three firms employing in the aggregate
SHOES AND SHOEMAKING. 14I
four hundred hands arc engaged in making the paper
boxes and cartons in which the shoes are packed; that
there are three firms turning out the wooden " cases "
in which they are shipped; that one hrm has a large
and paying business in making and planing the boards
used b}' the cutters in cutting up the skins tor the boots
and shoes; that there are two factories busily employed
in the manufacture of nails for shoes. In fact, Haver-
hill is one vast shoe manufactorv, its ^'er3■ life, exist-
ence, and prosperity dependent on the trade which has
made it what it is and on which it bases to a large
extent its hopes in the future.
The following statistics, which ha\e been most
carefully compiled and are believed to be as nearly-
correct as possible, will give, far better than mere
words can, an idea of the enormous amount of raw
material used, the manufactured product turned out,
and the hundred and one details which all unite in this
most interesting industr}'. A careful study of them
will well repay the reader, and, after reading the solid
mass of figures, he can easily see how deeply rooted is
the industry and what a vital part it pla3'S in the
economic life of the city.
142
HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
CLASSIFICATION OF STOCK USED YEARLY
IN THE BOOT AND SHOE INDUSTRY
IN THE City of Haverhill.
ARTICLES.
Bags, Paper Packing,
Beaver,
Board, Leather and Straw,
Board, Leather and Straw,
Boxes, Paper and Wooden,
Box Toes,
Bows,
Brocade,
Buckram,
Cassimere and Felt,
Cement, Cikie, Paste, Etc.,
Cloth, Cotton,
Cloth, Emery,
Cloth, Enamel,
Cloth, Patent,
Cotton Thread and Silk,
Cord, Clark's,
Counters,
Cutting (contract work).
Embroideries, Velvet,
Eyelets,
Findings, (costing)
Galloons, Cotton and Silk,
Goring,
Gum Tragacanth,
Heels,
Heels,
Heels,
Lacings,
Linings, •
BASIS.
QUANTIIV.
1,800
Yards,
360
Pounds,
12,420
Pairs,
1,756.39s
3-772,572
Pairs,
264,000
Dozen Pairs,
3,360
Yards,
600
((
2,964
((
2,052
Gallons,
34.349
Yards,
866,467
Reams,
2
Cases,
780
Yards,
15,600
Pounds,
28,827
Balls,
25
Pairs,
930,000
Cases,
360
Dozen Pairs,
326
28,282,000
Dollars,
1,467,877
Gross,
2,880
Yards,
14,400
Pounds,
14
Cases,
5,35s
Pairs,
777,960
Sets,
180
Gross,
5,615
Yards,
5,880
SHOES AND SHOEMAKING.
143
ARTICLES.
BASIS.
QUA^"^IT^".
Linings,
Pounds,
360
Leather, Alligator,
Feet,
66,720
Leather, Buff,
"
1,432,310
Leather, Calf,
t(
199,680
Leather, Chamois,
(I
6,000
Leather, Dongola,
a
198,240
Leather, English,
a
3,600
Leather, (ioat.
ti
1,115,530
Leather, drain.
<<
734,950
Leather, Kid,
ft
4,824,009
Leather, Mole Skin.
ti
1,800
Leather, Mule,
ti
1,800
Leather, Patent,
a
107,272
Leather, Sheep,
it
Feet.
1,447,622
Leather, total.
10,145,388
Leather, Alligator.
Dozens,
282
Leather, Hair Calf,
1.
234
Leather, Calf Skins,
"
1,800
Leather, Dongola.
a
738
Leather, Kid (Bronze and French),
it
685
Leather, Patent,
a
2,400
Leather (Glove and Russet).
a
Dozens,
Pairs,
58.942
Leather, total by
65,080
Leather, Soles, Inner,
3,926,436
Leather, Soles, Outer,
'•
14,031,454
Leather, Rands,
it
Pairs,
Pounds,
365,600
Leather, total.
18,323,492
Leather, Bellies,
192.000
Leather, Calf, French,
a
960
Leather, Calf, Plain,
It
102,501
Leather, Calf, Wax,
it
24,960
Leather, Kip,
it
12,360
Leather, Rands, Round ings, and Skivers,
n
3,769,819
144
HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
ARTICLES.
Leather, Rounding,
Leather, Rough,
Leather, Scraps,
Leather, Sole,
Leather, Split,
Leather, Trimmings,
Leather, Uppers,
Leather, total.
Leather, Buff,
Leather, Sole,
Leather, total.
Needles,
Patterns, Velvet Slippers,
Plush,
Satine,
Satin and Serge,
Shanks, Steel,
Stiffenings,
Stiffenings,
Velvet and Velveteen,
Webbing, Elastic,
BASTS.
QUANTITY.
Pounds,
I 15,200
li
542,520
«
88,800
n
25,020
a
254,894
n
360,000
((
180,000
Pounds,
5^639,034
Sides,
1,200
"
124,397
Sides,
125.597
Boxes,
482
Dozen,
13.710
Yards,
420
((
60
«
154,788
601,272
Pairs,
3,104,610
Sets,
250
Yards,
36,780
1,200
SHOES AND SHOEMAKING.
145
CLASSIFICATION OF
GOODS MADE AND WORK DONE
In a Yeak in iiie Boot and Shoe Trade of the
City of Haverhill.
ARTICI.F.S.
Bead Work,
Binding,
Boots, Boys' Calf Halnioral,
Boots, Hoys' C'alf Hiitton,
Boots, Boys' Congress,
Boots, Boys', Miscellaneous,
Boots, Boys', total,
Boots, Children's Buff I'olish,
Boots, Children's Goat Button,
Boots, Children's Goat Polish,
Boots, Children's Grain Button,
Boots, Children's (irain Polish,
Boots, Children's Kid Button,
Boots, Children's Kid Button and Lace,
Boots, Children's Kid Low Cut,
Boots, Children's Miscellaneous,
Boots, Children's Turned,
Boots, Children's Woolen and Felt,
Boots, Children's, total,
BASIS.
QUANTnV.
Pieces,
6,000
Barrels,
300
Pairs,
3,600
((
3,600
it
72
(<
i7>952
Boots,
Boots,
Boots,
Boots,
Boots,
Boots,
Boots,
Men's Buff
Men's Buff
Men's Buff
Men's Calf
Men's Calf
Men's Calf
Men's Calf
Balmoral,
Congress,
Polish Button,
Balmoral,
Brogans,
Congress,
Crimped,
19.
360
5.040
1,440
2,160
360
5.400
13,200
3,600
72,576
4,320
3,600
112,056
57,744
21,744
28,944
87,888
360
13,584
360
146
HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
ARTICLES.
BASFS.
QUANTITY.
Boots
Men's Calf Don Pedro,
Pairs,
173
Roots
Men's Calf (ilove,
2,880
Boots
Men's Calf Opera,
1,440
Boots
Men's Calf Polish,
8,640
Boots
Men's Calf Polish Button,
84,000
Boots
Men's Calf Hand-sewed
1,200
Boots
Men's Custom Made,
800
Boots
Men's Dongola Button,
1,167
Boots
Men's Dongola Congress,
6,900
Boots
Men's Dongola Congress Foxed.
288
Boots
Men's Dongola Patent Dressed,
720
Boots
Men's Kip Brogans,
8,640
Boots
Men's Miscellaneous,
632,947
Boots
Men's Kip Hand-sewed,
13-500
Boots
Men's Machine Made,
89,728
Boots
Men's Patent Foxed Congress,
5,472
Boots
Men's Split Balmoral,
7,200
Boots
Men's Split Balmoral and Congress,
1,152
Boots
Men's Split Button,
3,600
Boots, Men's, total.
1,114,740
Boots
Misses'
Buff Polish,
Boots
Misses'
Calf Congress,
Boots
Misses'
Dongola Button,
Boots
Misses'
Goat Button,
Boots
Misses'
Goat, Grain and Kid Button,
Boots
Misses'
Goat and Kid Button,
Boots
Misses'
Goat Polish,
Boots
Misses'
Grain Button,
Boots
Misses'
Grain and Kid Button,
Boots
Misses'
Grain and Polish,
Boots
Misses'
Kid Button,
Boots
Misses'
Kid, Croat, and Polish,
Boots
Misses'
Kip,
Boots
Misses'
Miscellaneous,
Boots
Misses'
Kip Hand-sewed,
360
36,000
1,800
10,152
72,000
2,700
1,656
1,800
7,632
7,200
900
1,800
360
78,600
180,000
SHOES AND SHOEMAKING.
147
ARTICI
.ES.
BA
lsis. quantity.
Boots, Misses' Kij) llulton and Low Cut, Pairs, 7,200
Boots, Misses', total. '
* 410,160
Boots, ^V'omt'n
s Huff an.l Calf,
58,800
Boots
AV'omen
s Buff India, *
' 1 8, 000
Boots
Women
s Buff Polish,
150,408
Boots
Women
s Buskins, '
' 19,800
Boots
Women
s Calf Balmoral, '
' 12,960
Boots
Women
s Calf Glove. *
' 108,720
Boots
Women
s Calf Glove Button, '
' 50,400
Boots
Women
s Calf Glove Low Cut IJutton, '
5'40o
Boots
Women
s Calf Glove Congress, '
' 1,080
Boots
Women
s Calf (Hove, Kid Foxed, '
* 6,840
Boots
Women
s Calf Glove Polish, '
3.960
Boots
Women
s Calf Polish,
32,400
Boots
\\'omen
s Dongola Button, '
12,240
Boots
Women
s Uongola Button Foxed, '
2,520
Boots
Women
s Dongola Polish, '
' 2,160
Boots
Women
s Dongola Polish Foxed, '
' r,o8o
Boots
Women
s (roat, '
161,832
Boots
^^'omen
s ( ioat Button, '
93.528
Boots
Women
s Goat Imitation Button. '
' 2,160
Boots
Women
s Goat Pebble, '
' 100,800
Boots
Women
s Goat Imitation Pebble.
4,320
Boots
Women
s Croat Polish, '
9.576
Boots
\Vomen
s (}rain, '
' 22,680
Boots
Women
s Grain Button. '
T,8,88o
Boots
Women
s Glove Grain, *
30,960
Boots
Women
s Glove Grain Polish, '
103,320
Boots
Women
s Kid, '
43.632
Boots
Women
s Kid Button. '
564-312
Boots
^Vomen
s Kid Foxed Buskins, '
720
Boots
Women
s Kid Foxed, Glove Top, '
4.320
Boots
Women
s Kid, French and American, '
' 36,000
Boots
Women
s Kid, Cilove Top, '
' 2,160
Boots
Women
s Kid India, *
' 22,320
148
HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
ARTICLES.
Boots, Women's
Boots, Women's
Boots, Women's
Boots, Women's
Boots, Women's
Boots, Women's
Boots, Women's
Boots, Women's
Boots, Women's
Boots, Women's
Boots, Women's
Boots, Women's
Boots, Women's
Kid Laced,
Kid Polish,
Glove Kid, Calf Foxed,
Glove Kid, Foxed Polish,
Glove Polish Split,
Spanish and Polish,
Polish, Glove Top,
Miscellaneous,
Serge,
Serge Balmoral,
Serge Button, Foxed,
Serge and Congress,
Serge and Polish,
Boots, Women's, total.
Boots, Youths' Balmoral,
Boots, Youths' Calf Balmoral,
Boots, Youths' Calf Button,
Boots, Youths' Calf Congress,
Boots, Youths' Miscellaneous,
Boots, Youths', total,
Bows,
Button Holes,
Counters,
Doublers,
Fitting Boots and Slippers,
Heels,
Heels,
Heels, Pasted,
Heeling Boots, Shoes and Slippers,
Heel Stock,
Patterns, Embroidered Slippers,
Shoes, Boys',
Shoes, Children's Goat Oxford,
Shoes, Children's Kid Button Newport,
BASIS.
QUANTITY.
Pairs,
14,400
a
37,488
u
1,440
((
1,800
a
46,080
a
25,200
a
3,600
((
133,320
((
1,080
(I
216
a
14,400
a
720
a
3,600
((
2,032,122
11
4,320
ii
2,160
((
6,080
n
360
(I
4,752
le
17,672
Dozen,
30,000
1,096,168
Pairs,
300,000
(<
56,260
«
762,000
((
1,082,000
Barrels,
8,760
Pairs,
288,000
Dollars,
90,642
((
480
36,000
Pairs,
4,752
a
360
720
SHOES AND SHOEMAKING.
149
AR'lIcr.KS.
Shoes, Children's Kid Tie Newjjort,
Shoes, Children's Kid and (ioat 'Vies,
Sh(jes, Children's Red (Oxford,
Shoes, Children's Miscx'llaneous,
Shoes, Children's Woolen and Felt,
Shoes, C'hildren's, total,
Shoes
Men's Calf Oxford lUition,
Shoes
Men's Calf Oxford 'I'ies,
Shoes
Men's Calf Straj),
Shoes
Men's Calf Sailor,
Shoes
Men's Dongola,
Shoes
Men's Dongola Ties,
Shoes
Men's Goat Ties,
Shoes
Men's Goat I.ow Shoes,
Shoes
Men's Goat Pumps,
Shoes
Men's Grain Low Shoes,
Shoes
Men's Cirain Harvard Ties,
Shoes
Men's Kid Oxford Ties,
Shoes
Men's Kid Pumps,
Shoes
Men's Patent Leather Oxford l^utton
Shoes
Men's Patent I>eather Oxford Ties,
Shoes
Men's Patent Leather Pumps,
Shoes
Men's Velvet Oxford Ties,
Shoes
Men's Velvet Pumps,
Shoes
Men's Veh-et Ties,
Shoes
Men's Miscellaneous,
Shoes
Men's Miscellaneous Custom Made,
Shoes
Men's Miscellaneous Hand-sewed,
Shoes, Men's, total.
Shoes, Misses' Buff Low,
Shoes, Misses' Alligator Oxford Ties Im't,
Shoes, Misses' Goat Harvard Ties,
Shoes, Misses' Goat Newport Button,
Shoes, Misses' Goat Newport Ties,
liASIS.
QUANTITY.
Pairs,
360
<(
14,400
a
1,080
a
24,000
a
3,600
a
44,520
li
5,184
a
1,440
i(
2,880
ti
187
((
8,400
a
5,760
a
864
a
432
li
720
(I
864
li
360
u
432
li
1,152
li
360
11
I 1,920
ii
16,200
a
3,200
a
1,800
11
720
11
709,245
li
800
ii
13,500
a
787,880
ii
1,008
li
1,800
ii
864
li
720
(I
864
I50
HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
ARTICLES,
Shoes, Misses' Kid Harvard Ties,
Shoes, Misses' Kid Newport Button,
Shoes, Misses' Kid Newport Ties,
Shoes, Misses' Kid Oxford Ties,
Shoes, Misses' Kid Button Sandals,
Shoes, Misses' Kid and Ooat Tics,
Shoes, Misses' Kid Ties,
Shoes, Misses' Miscellaneous,
Shoes, Misses' Miscellaneous Hand-sewed,
Shoes, Misses' Patent Leather,
Shoes, Misses' Woolen and Felt,
Shoes, Misses', total.
I'.ASIS.
Pairs,
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
Shoes
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, W^omen
,• Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
, Women
s Beaver Ties,
s ( rlove Calf Ties,
s Cioat Ties,
s Kid Ties,
s French Kid Ties,
s Sailor Kid Ties,
s Miscellaneous Low Shoes,
s Woolen and P'elt Low Shoes,
s Newport Button Glove Calf,
s Newport Button Goat,
s Newport But. Goat and Kid,
s Newport Button (irain,
s Newport Button Kid,
s Newport Button India Kid.
s Newport Miscellaneous,
s Newport Ties, Glove Calf,
s Newport Ties, Goat,
s Newport Ties, Cirain.
s Newport Ties, Kid,
s Newport Ties, India Kid,
s Newport Ties, Miscellaneous,
s (Jxford Ties, Goat,
s Oxford Ties, Glove Grain,
QUANTITY.
1, 800
2,160
9,x)oo
6,120
3,600
3,600
5.400
17,464
13.500
1,440
3,600
72,940
1,440
2.160
4,680
23,640
216
1,800
157.200
3,600
720
S.712
14,400
1,800
166,680
18,000
324
720
2,880
360
56,880
18,000
10,440
3.672
7,200
SHOES AND SHOEMAKING.
151
ARTICLES. BASIS.
Shoes, Women's Oxford Ties, Kid, I'airs,
Shoes, Women's Oxford Ties, French Kid, "
Shoes, Women's Oxford 'I'ies, Patent Leather, "
Shoes, Women's Oxford Ties, Velvet Vamp, "
Shoes, Women's Oxford Ties, Velvet, "
Shoes, Women's Ties, Olove Calf, "
Shees, Women's Ties, Wellesley, "
Shoes, Women's, total, "
Shoes, Youths' Miscellaneous, "
Shoes, Youths', total, "
Slippers, Boys' Buck, "
Slippers, Boys' Ooat. "
Slippers, Boys' Kid, "
Slippers, Boys' Miscellaneous. "
Slippers, Boys' Patent Leather, "
Slippers, Boys' Turned, "
Slippers, Boys' Velvet, "
Slippers, Boys' Velvet Pattern, "
Slippers, Boys', total, "
Slippers, Children's Buck, "
Slippers, Children's Glove Calf. "
Slippers, Children's Hand-sewed, "
Slippers, Children's Kid, ' "
Slippers, Children's Miscellaneous, - "
Slippers, Children's, total, "
Slippers, Men's Alligator, "
Slippers, Men's Alligator Liiitation, "
Slippers, Men's Brocade, "
Slippers, Men's Buck, "
Slippers, Men's Calf and Goat, "
Slippers, Men's Goat, "
Slippers, Men's Grain, "
Slippers, Men's Hair Calf, "
Slippers, Men's Hand-sewed, "
QUANTITY.
215,856
432
720
1,080
720
1,800
2,160
929,012
4,750
4,750
7,200
1,800
180
11,952
360
12,000
360
360
34,212
3,600
I 20
3,600
360
97,644
105,324
4,680
16,560
3,600
86,400
5,040
29,136
10,800
7,200
73,818
152
HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
articlf:s.
r.Asis.
QUANTITY.
Slippers, Men's Kid,
Pairs,
3,6oo
Slippers, Men's Fancy Leather,
"
1,440
Slippers, Men's Opera Alligator Imitation,
a
5.400
Slippers, Men's Opera (ioat,
a
13.320
Slippers, Men's Opera Leather,
u
13.716
Slippers, Men's Opera Low Cut,
a
103,4x0
Shppers, Men's Opera Patent Leather,
<(
2,520
Slippers, Men's Pumps,
a
4,800
Slippers, Men's I'urned,
i(
12,000
Slippers, Men's Velvet,
a
93,096
Slippers, Men's Everett Velvet,
it
720
Slippers, Men's Opera Velvet,
li
8,496
Slippers, Men's Velvet Pattern,
it
a
2,160
Slippers, Men's, total.
501,982
Slippers, Misses' Alligator Imitation,
(I
360
Slippers, Misses' Glove Calf,
a
120
Slippers, Misses' Cxoat,
li
8,280
Slippers, Misses' Grain,
li
180
Slippers, Misses' Kid,
((
12,780
Slippers, Misses' Kid Opera,
a
91,692
Slippers, Misses' Miscellaneous,
li
ii
8,865
Slippers, Misses', total, •
122,277
Slippers, Women's Beaver Croquet,
li
2,520
Slippers, Women's Croquet,
ii
8,640
Slippers, Women's Fancy,
li
12,960
Slippers, Women's iMove Calf,
li
4,440
Slippers, Women's Glove Calf Opera,
li
1,080
Slippers, Women's Goat,
ii
31.725
Slippers, Women's Goat Opera,
ii
16,200
Slippers, Women's Goat Pointed,
11
1,800
Slippers, Women's Goat and Kid,
a
51,480
Slippers, Women's Goat and Kid Opera,
11
1,296
Slippers, ^Vomen's Cilove Grain,
li
7,200
Slippers, Women's Kid,
11
317,400
Slippers, ^Vomen's French Kid Opera,
i(
445.104
Shoes and shoemaking.
153
ARTICLES.
Slippers, Women's Kid 0])era,
Slippers, Women's Patent Leather,
Sli))pers, Women's Patent Leather Opera,
Slippers, Women's Sandal,
Sli]:)pers, Women's Serge,
Slippers, Women's Turned,
Slippers, Women's Velvet,
Slippers, Women's Velvet Opera,
Slippers, Women's Miscel's Hand-sewed,
Slippers, Women's, total.
Slippers, Youths' Buck,
Sli])pers, Youths' Miscellaneous,
Slippers, Youths' Velvet Pattern,
Slippers, Youths', total.
Slippers, Boys', total.
Slippers, Children's, total.
Slippers, Men's, total,
Slijjpers, Misses', total.
Slippers, Women's, total,
Slippers, Youths', total.
Slippers, total.
Shoes, Boys', total,
Shoes, Children's, total,
Shoes, Men's, total.
Shoes, Misses', total.
Shoes, Women's, total,
Shoes, Youths', total,
Shoes, total.
Boots, Boys', total.
Boots, Children's, total.
Boots, Men's, total.
Boots, Misses', total.
Boots, Women's, total,
BASIS.
QUANTITY.
Pairs,
27,000
t<
1,800
<<
10,800
<(
64,000
a
2,160
(<
36,000
i(
22,320
((
2,016
ti
71,800
<<
1,139.741
ti
7,200
((
4,755
n
360
((
12,315
a
34,212
((
105,324
a
501,982
11
122,277
a
1,139,741
a
12,315
a
i,9t5»85i
<<
4,752
a
44,520
a
787,880
a
72.940
(<
929,012
(I
4,750
((
1,843,854
li
19,224
a
112,056
a
1,114,740
ti
410,160
a
2,032,122
154
HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSEttS.
ARTICLES.
Boots, Youths', total.
BASIS.
Pairs,
Boots, total, "
Whole amount of Boots, Shoes, and Slippers made in the
City of Haverhill in 1888 is: —
Boots, Pairs,
Shoes,
Slippers,
Whole Amount, "
Soles, Cut,
Soles, Inner,
Soles, Inner and Outer, "
Soles, Men's, "
Soles, Misses', "
Soles, Women's, "
Soles, Miscellaneous, "
Soles, total,
Stiffenings, Children's, "
Stiffenings, Men's, "
Stiffenings, Misses', "
Stiffenings, Women's, "
Stiffenings, Leather Board, "
Stiffenings, Miscellaneous, "
Stiffenings, total, "
Stitching, Worth, Dollars,
Sundries, Worth, "
Taps, Children's, Pairs,
Taps, Men's, "
Taps, Misses', . "
Taps, Women's, "
Taps, Miscellaneous, "
Taps, total, "
Toplifting, Worth, Dollars,
Work on Boots and Shoes, "
QUANTITY.
17,672
3»7i5;974
3.715.974
1,843,854
1,915.851
7,475.679
1,947,780
650.304
395.950
224,640
16,632
313,200
3.438,978
6,997,484
24,000
36,720
30,720
60,720
163,620
1,061,460
1,317,240
250,997
13,200
264,197
10,800
11,232
22,032
38,232
757,060
839.356
12,000
1,800
13,800
Various Thinc^s.
Shoes, althoiio-h made abundantly and well, are not
the only things well made in Haverhill. Skilled work-
men fiiu] employment in man\- other industries, of
which the most important are the manufacture of hats,
of woolens, of paper, and of morocco.
The manufacture of hats is quite an industry, the
pa3-roll tbr operatives in hat factories amounting to
over $200,000 per 3'ear. The value of the wool and
wool stock annually used is $175,000; fur, $100,000;
hat bands, $60,000; silk cord, $6,000; sweat-leather,
$15,000; strawboard and paper, $5,500; spool cotton,
$3,500; cotton cloth, $3,000; soap, $3,000; shellac and
gum, $5,000; dye-stuff and drugs, $10,000; satin, $9,-
000; oil, $1,000; other supplies, $10,000.
There are three large manufactories, — those of the
Haverhill Hat Company, W. B. Thom and Company,
and J. P. Gilman's Sons, making over 111,000 cases
15^ HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
of fur and wool hats annual h', and giving employ-
ment to 375 men and 125 women.
Of these, the oldest is the Haverhill Hat Company,
located on Fleet Street, near the City Hall, which was
incorporated in 187 1 with a paid-up capital of $50,000,
with Eben Mitchell as president and Charles Butters as
treasurer. The business was first established about
1850 by P. Berkley How and Eben Mitchell, who
carried on the works separately for some years and
then formed a copartnership under the style of How
and Mitchell, leasing the building now occupied by the
Haverhill Hat Company. During the last twenty
years the business has undergone many chano-es in
methods of manufacture, and in the quality and variety
of the goods made. Formerly, from 1,500 to 2,000
cases of hats were made up in anticipation of the semi-
annual sales in January and July, while at the present
time and for the last ten years the factory has been
running exclusively on orders, sample cases only being
made to sell from. While the earlier manufacturers
were very successful, the goods they made would
have but small sale to-day, some four or five colors
and perhaps twenty or thirty styles being all that were
then required, while now twenty or more colors and two
hundred and fifty different styles are made up for every
sale. The Haverhill Hat Company has a wide reputa-
tion for excellent colors, acknowledged by dealers to
be excelled by those of no other manufacturer.
The business now owned by W. B. Thom and Com-
pany, originally established in Ayer's Village, was
remo^•cd to this part of the city in 1874. Its growth
VARIOUS THINGS. 157
may be inicrrcd from the fact, that, while the original
factory was equal to seventy do/en wool hats per da}',
the present plant could make lour hundred dozen per
day of fur and wool hats of all kinds. The works are
located on River Street, and include live buildings,
containing some thirty-two thousand feet of floor
space, besides engine houses, boiler houses, store
houses, etc. Their goods, distributed h\ their New
York house, And a read\- market in all parts of the
world.
Four woolen mills are practicall\- associated with
IIa\erhill, — one in the city itself, owned bv Stevens
and Company, of North Ando\er, and three others, the
Gro\eland Mills in Groveland, managed h\ the trustees
of the estate of the late E. J. M. Hale. The male
employees in these four mills number 3:54 and the
females about 280, with a pay-roll amounting to
$260,000 per 3ear. The goods manufactured b}
Stevens and Company are women's dress goods of
various kinds, amounting to about 20,000 pieces. The
Groveland Mills manufacture flannels, making about
60,000 pieces annually. The wool used bv these mills
amounts to 2,400,000 pounds, with supplies and other
material valued at $100,000 per annum.
The manufacture of morocco is carried on by two
Arms, — Kimball and Son, and Lennox and Brisfo-s,
who give employment to about 225 hands, with a
3-earh- pa3'-roll of about $75,000, flnishing annuallv
about one million skins, valued at $700,000. The
leather is of a superior grade, they making a specialty
of " Dono^ola finished," which is an article of gfreat
158 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETf g.
durability and sure to hold color. Kimball and Soil
occupy three three-story buildings on Fleet Street, and
another on Pleasant Street, employing 130 hands, and
making about 750,000 skins yearly, valued at $500,000.
Lennox and Briggs occupy a two-story building in the
rear of Washington Square, and part of two other
buildings, employing 95 hands, making about 250,000
skins annually, valued at about $200,000. These firms
supply both the Boston and the local markets, the
demand being so great that their factories are kept
running throughout the year at their greatest capacit}^,
both plants having been enlarged during the past
twelve months.
The Haverhill Paper Mill was organized in 1883
with a capital of $50,000, and has a large plant on the
Bradford side of the river for the manufacture of news-
paper. This mill gives employment to 50 nands, with
a pay-roll amounting to about $160,000 per annum,
and there are used about ten million pounds of mate-
rial annually. This concern also has a mill at Berlin
Falls, N. H.
The plant of the Haverhill Iron Works is situated
on River Street. The company which operates it was
organized in 1881 with a capital of $20,000, increased
in 1883 to $40,000. The capacit}' of the works has
been several times increased the past few years, and
the present business is double what it has ever been
before. The plant includes a large two-story building,
a foundr}^ etc., and turns not only all ordinary iron
work, architectural iron pieces, heating apparatus, etc.,
but also the most intricate machinerv that is used in
VARIOUS THINGS. I59
the factories and shops, besides ornamental iron work
of any kind.
Among producers of goods intended purel}- for
home consumption is the Haverhill Gas Light Com-
pan}', chartered by a special act of the Massachusetts
legislature, February 12, 1853. Its capital is $715,000
with a par \alue of $50 per share. The company's
principal works are on Winter Street along the Boston
and Maine Railroad. They are supplied with side-
tracks for the receipt of coal and other supplies and are
furnished with all improvements for abundant and
economical production. Most ample provision for
storage purposes has been recently made by the con-
struction of a gasometer on Hilldale Avenue of a
capacity of 400,000 cubic feet. The total storage
capacit}' of the gasometers now in use is 580,000 cubic
feet. During the \'ear ending [une 30, 1887, these
works produced 38,096,000 cubic feet of gas of 19 can-
dle power; the present daily capacity is 320,000 cubic
feet. The company operates fifteen miles of street
mains and has in use over seventeen hundred meters.
Its financial condition is prosperous. Its plant is
valued at $75,000, and, adding to this, money invested,
cash on hand, and supplies, it had, in 1888, assets
amounting, in round numbers, to $92,000. The only
liabilities are the capital stock, and there was, there-
fore, in 1888 a balance of profit of about $17,000.
During the past ten years the price of gas has been
reduced from $3 per thousand feet to $1.50, the present
price. The management of the corporation has so
conducted its afiairs as to fully satisfy its patrons and
l6o HAVERllILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
the public, its extension ol" mains and increase of busi-
ness keeping pace with the constant growth of the
city.
The Haverhill Electric Company was organized as
a corporation under the general laws of Massachusetts,
on the sixth dav of December, 1888. Its capital is
$85,000; the par value of its shares, $100. The electric
station is a large and commodious brick building situa-
ted on Essex Street along the line of the Boston and
Maine Railroad, and within a few hundred feet of the
manufacturing center of the city. It is furnished with
four arc dynamos having a capacity of 165 lights, two
incandescent dynamos, two engines of 250 horse power
and three boilers of 350 horse power. The company
at present furnishes 650 incandescent and 80 arc lights,
35 of the latter being used for street lighting. Thirty-
five miles of wire are employed for the distribution of
electricity throughout the city. Seven and a half miles
are used exclusively for public street lamps.
Because of the great amount of light machiner}'
required for the manufacture of shoes, HaverhilTs chief
industr}-, and owing to the disposition shown by some
of our manufacturers to establish factories at some dis-
tance from the steam power plants in the present shoe
district for the purpose of securing improved accom-
modations, the company is making special preparations
for furnishing power for manufacturing purposes.
There are in use at the present time eleven motors.
The two daih' and two weekly papers are printed b}^
power furnished from this plant. A committee of the
Board of Trade has been appointed to investigate and
VARIOUS THINGS. l6l
report upon the I'easibility of eonxertinor the power of
MitclielPs Falls upon the Merrimaek River into elec-
tric force for nianulacturing- uses.
The IJaNcrliill Electric Company has exery reason
to hope for success. It is on a payin«j^ basis, free from
debt, and controlled by some of the most active and
public-spirited merchants and manufacturers. Its
president is the president of the Board of Trade.
The directors are now makinii^ arrangements for more
than duplicating the capacity of the works to satisfy
the public demand both for arc and incandescent light-
ing, and contracts ha\ e been made with the citv for a
large increase ot arc lighting and there is e\ erv pros-
pect of this system coming into general use.
The water supply of the city is furnished bv the
Haverhill Aqueduct Company. This company is a
corporation organized under the laws of Massachusetts
in the year 1802. Its capital is $300,000, divided into
1500 shares. The sources from w^hich the water sup-
ply is drawn are Kenoza Lake, Lake Saltonstall,
Cr3'Stal Lake, and Round Pond. They are all within
the territorial limits of the city. Kenoza Lake, Lake
Saltonstall, and Round Pond lie on the highlands east
of the thickly settled portion of the cit}-. Crystal Lake
lies west of the city proper. All these bodies of water
are deep and clear and are fed largelv bv springs.
Their waters are absolutely free from all obnoxious
vegetable matter and have been shown hv frequent
anahses to be of remarkable purity. For manx* years
after the organization of this company its operations
were of necessity of the \'ery simplest. Haverhill was
l62 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
then a village of a few hundred inhabitants. Round
Pond was then the only souree of supply, the water
bein^- drawn from it through log pipes and distributed
simply b\- force of gravitation. The increase of water
facilities has, however, kept pace with the rapid growth
of Haverhill, and the company has now under its con-
trol 40 miles of substantial pipe and two water-towers,
one near Lake Kenoza, 40 feet in height, 30 feet' in
diameter, and of a capacity of 212,000 gallons, and
another on Silver Hill, 60 feet in height, 40 feet in
diameter and of a capacity of 575,000 gallons. The
top of each of these towers is 256 feet above the Mer-
rimack River and the business portion of the city.
These towers are supplied by means of two Worthing-
ton pumps, each of the capacity of 2,000,000 gallons in
twentv-four hours. The areas of the bodies of water
from which this supply is drawm and their altitudes
above the Merrimack River and the business portion
of the city are as follows: —
AREA.
ALTITUDE
Kenoza Lake,
234
acres.
1 1 2 feet
Crystal Lake,
^75
u
148 "
Lake Saltonstall,
41
u
118 ''
Round Pond,
38
a
148 ''
After the great fire in 1882 a special connection
was made with the "" high service," /. e. the supply fur-
nished through the water-towers for fire purposes.
This special fire service consists of a twelve-inch main
running through the business portion of the city and
164 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
supplyin<;- the fire liydrants belonging to the city,
besides a number ot" reservoirs. No other connection
with this pipe is permitted. It is capable of throwing
sixteen streams at once over our highest business
blocks without the aid of fire-engines. By means of an
electric indicator the height of the water in the water-
towers is recorded in the city fire-engine houses and at
the company's pumping station. The city fire alarm is
also connected with the company's pumping station,
where the Worthington pumps are always ready for
immediate use. It is the duty of the company's en-
gineer during the progress of each fire to keep the
water in the water-towers at a height sufficient for the
greatest demands for fire purposes. The city owns
and uses 150 hydrants for fire service, the water for all
of which is furnished by the Aqueduct Company free
of any charge or expense to the citizens.
The water supply for the City of Haverhill, for
domestic, mechanical, and fire purposes, has thus far
been so abundant that never have an}' restrictions on
the liberal and even wasteful use of water been called
for. The present water supply is sufiicient for a city
of one hundred thousand inhabitants, even without re-
sort to additional dams or the use of the large natural
storage basins in the vicinity of the lakes. Under the
present system of supply Haverhill is practically sup-
plied with two aqueducts. Each side of the city has
its lake above the river level and also a capacious
water-tower. Should an accident happen to the works
on one side of the city, an ample supply could be ob-
tained from the other until such time as repairs could
VARIOUS THINGS. 165
be conveniently made. Owing to the abundance of
water and the advantageous location of its sources, the
three thousand water services are furnished at rates as
low as in any New England city. The present per-
fection of our water system is due to the fact that the
Haverhill Aqueduct Compan\- has spared no expense
to make its equipments and capacity fully adequate to
the demands of the rapidly growing city in which it is
situate.
With the natural adxantages afforded by the
vicinity of the lakes, aided by the institution of the
high-pressure service abo\e referred to, the tire depart-
ment of Haverhill is one of the most efficient, and,
being thoroughly equipped, organized, and trained, is
ever ready for service when called upon. The depart-
ment consists of one hundred and fortN'-nine officers
and men, and includes one chief engineer, four assistant
engineers, seven foremen, seven assistant foremen,
three engineers of steamers, three stokers of steamers,
fifteen hook and ladder men and thirty hose men, two
drivers of steamers, three drivers of hose wagons, one
driver of a chemical engine, one driver of a hook and
ladder truck, and one man who acts as spare driver.
The city has spared no expense to make the
department efficient. The apparatus consists of three
steamers (all of the Amoskeag make), one chemical
engine, one two-horse hose wagon, two one-horse hose
wagons, one supph" wagon, one hook and ladder truck,
one one-horse hose carriage, three hand hose carriages,
two hand engines, one engineer's wagon, and one
chemical and protective wagon combined, with tbrty-
three thousand feet of hose and thirteen horses.
l66 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS*
There are seven engine houses, five in the city
proper, one at Rocks ViUage, and one at Ayer's Vil-
lage. A tire alarm telegraph is connected with the dif-
ferent engine houses. The system at present consists
of twenty-seven boxes, nineteen miles of wire divided
into four circuits, one bell striker, seven indicators,
eight gongs, a five circuit repeater, and one hundred
and three cells of batteries.
The efficiency of the department is also increased
by the fact that the fire alarm is connected with the
pumping station, w^here, immediately after an alarm is
given, the pumps are set in motion by the engineer to
replenish the water drawn from the reservoirs of the
high-pressure service. With these facilities and with
the present organization of the department it is evident
that a fire is not likely to make great headway in the
cit}'. One ma}' infer the efficiency of the department
and of the men comprising it from the following record
of fires taken from the chief engineers annual report:
Wingate School, insurance $10,000, loss $68; Num-
bers I to 17 Essex Street, insurance $7,800, loss $21;
Hilldale Avenue, insurance $2,400, loss $20; Park
Street, insurance $3,000, loss $85.
This naturally suggests the subject of insurance.
Of course the facilities for obtaining insurance in
Haverhill are much like those of other places. Nearly
all the American and foreign companies are repre-
sented, and the rates of insurance are in accordance
with risk and hazard. It must be confessed, that, for
five 3ears past, the insurance business has not been a
remunerative one for the insurers. The great fire
VARIOUS THINGS. 167
February 17, 1882, cost the insurance companies two
and a half millions ot^ dollars, and the losses by fire
durino- the years from 1882 to 1887 were also dispro-
portionately large, but, since the high-pressure service
was introduced, and since the appointment of the build-
ing inspector and the increase of the fire department,
the losses to the insurance companies in Haverhill are
not more than in any other cit\- of the size, as can be
shown by the abo\e mentioned report of the chief of
the fire department.
The New England Exchange placed a very high
rate of tarifi" on Haverhill property soon after the fire
of 1882, but reduced it fifty cents on mercantile risks
as soon as the high-pressure service was introduced.
And now, the Exchange is willing to reduce the tarifi'
on any individual risk, if the owner will make certain
impro\ements, such as supplying the buildings with
automatic sprinklers, automatic fire alarms, and shut-
ters, and will use gas instead of kerosene oil. Indeed,
it only depends upon the insured to have his propertv
rated as low as in any city in the United States if he
will follow the suggestions made tor protection against
fire by the New England Exchange. In fact, many of
our recently erected buildings, and the older ones as
well, ha\e been supplied with the improvements
alluded to, so that the expense of insurance on these
buildings is about one third of the cost in other similar
buildings where the improvements have not been
made.
Since the fire by which the City Hall was burnt up,
the citv authorities, in conformitv with the wishes of
l68 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
the Exchange, have increased the apparatus of the fire
department by the addition of a new and improved
truck, and, in order to make the personnel of the de-
partment more efficient, have decided to elect the chief
enofineer to serve durino- o-ood behavior instead of
subjecting him to the risks of an annual election. The
engines are to be more wndely scattered by the erec-
tion of nev^ engine houses, which will enable the
department to reach the suburbs in reasonable time.
Among modern conveniences which it is the privi-
lege of Haverhill to possess and utilize is its street
railway system, and the facilities it affords alike for
business and recreation rank high among the advan-
tages the city possesses. It appears, b}^ the nineteenth
(1888) annual report of the Railroad Commissioners,
taken in connection with the last census, that the
Haverhill and Groveland Street Railway Company had
a greater mileage of track to each thousand of the popu-
lation in the communities served by it than any other
street railway S3'stem in the commonwealth. By its
cars the greater part of the citizens of Bradford, Grove-
land, and West Newbury are enabled to conveniently
reach the markets of Haverhill, to the mutual advan-
tage of buyer and seller. Its influence is also most
important and beneficial in leading to the building up
of the suburban portions of Haverhill. It has been
true in the past, that the city was too compact, alike
for health and beauty. This came about from the
unwillingness of its people to dwell be3'ond easy walk-
ing distance of their work. Now they are availing
themselves of this cheap and easy method of reaching
VARIOUS THINGS. 169
the vacant spaces beyond, which are fast being dotted
with houses, combining the main advantages of the
city and country. Otliers wlio ah^eady own houses in
the compact ])art of tlie citv, and so cannot without
loss wholly remo\e tVom it, are yet glad to avail them-
selves of the street car service in the warm season by
boarding tlieir I'amilies at some point in the rural por-
tion of Haverhill or in some one of the towns adjoining,
from which they can easily reach the center of busi-
ness in the city and return at night, or earlier, to their
t'amilies.
The officers of the company have, from the first,
made special efforts to run cars at such times as to
best accommodate the working people, thinking that
the claims of those who are regular patrons and de-
pendent upon their daily labor are tirst to be con-
sidered. At morning, noon, and night as many as ten
cars, and often more, run to and from the shoe manu-
facturing district, almost or quite empty one way, and
carrying operatives almost exclusivel}' the other way.
In the season when those whose means and busi-
ness permit it abandon the city for the pleasures and
relaxations which summer resorts afford, the "stay-at-
homes " find relief from heat and weariness on the
open cars which bear them out in a tew minutes to the
heights overlooking the valley of Little River and the
charming country beyond, or along the Merrimack
vallc}' amid scenery which has furnished themes and
inspiration alike for poet and artist, and, better yet, has
afforded year after year to thousands of the toil-worn
such pleasure as neither poet nor artist could give.
170 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
From the SiKcr Hill terminus of the street railway,
Head's Hill in Bradtbrd, with the river expanding into
the semblanee of a lake at its base, are seen to good
advantage. For a eonsiderable part of the distance
between Haverhill and the \'illage of Groveland the
highway is so near the ri\er that the passengers on the
open cars can watch with ease the \arious crafts which
at that season abound upon the noble river, and enjoy
the cool breeze which almost always tempers the heat
along its shores. From the substantial and nearly new
iron bridge over the Merrimack at Groveland a fine
view up and down the river is obtained. Be3'ond that
point, the highway in which the tracks are laid is at a
greater distance from the river, which, however, comes
into view for short stretches all through the ride to
West Newbury. A more charming picture than that
made by Rocks Village and the bridge with their
environments, as seen from the westerly part of the vil-
lage of West Newbury, it would be hard to find in the
lower Merrimack valley.
In speaking of the street railway, one familiar with
its history must always call to mind, with deep regret
lor his untimely decease, the late George W. Duncan,
without whose persistent efibrts, it is safe to say, Haver-
hill would have had no street cars for at least five and
probably ten years later than the time (1877) when they
were introduced. At that time it was much more diffi-
cult to raise twenty-four thousand dollars in Haverhill
for any purpose than it would be to raise a hundred
thousand dollars now. And there were practically none
at that time who believed a street railway anywhere in
VARIOUS THINGS. 171
Haverhill would pay. That it did pay moderately
from the tirst was due, in part, to exeeptionally favora-
ble eircumstanees. It was a line of only three miles in
length, connectini; the considerable \illage of Grove-
land with the business center of Haverhill over a prac-
tically level road. Still, it would have been easy, in
spite of those advantages, to operate the road at a loss,
and that result would probably ha\ e followed but for
the carel'ul management of its lirst directors, the Hon.
Jackson B. Swett, the Hon. Levi Taylor, James D.
White, Eben Mitchell, and George W. Duncan, the lat-
ter having also, as treasurer, the general management
of the business.
From the small beginning in 1877, with only four
cars and eight horses, it has increased until in 1888 it
had thirty-eight cars, eighty-five horses, and a capital
stock of $144,000, representing mone\- actually paid in,
principally owned in Ha\erhill, and being a larger
amount than that invested in any other single business
enterprise in the city, except, perhaps, that of supplying
it with water, and possibly the flannel manufacturing
business of M. T. Stevens and Company.
The commercial facilities of Haverhill are as good
as can be desired and include direct transportation both
by rail and by water from all points. The great Boston
and Maine Railroad, which has arms extending in all
directions, has three freight and three passenger depots
within five minutes' walk of the heart of the city. From
these more than twenty-five freight and seventy-six
passsenger trains arrive and depart every twenty-four
hours. In addition to this, the city has been made a
1^2 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
billing point within the past year, thus saving thousands
of dollars to shippers annually. Haverhill is also at
the head of navigation of the Merrimaek River. From
this point to the sea, a distanee of sixteen miles, the
channel of the river is broad and deep. More than a
hundred schooners and a large number of coal, granite,
and lumber scows arrive at this port every 3-ear, and
their cargoes are delivered directly to the business
localities. The river is of indirect though none the less
real value in serving, by the opportunities lor competi-
tion it affords, to keep railway rates for freight at a
reasonable figure.
Brick makingf beaan in Haverhill more than two
hundred years ago, when the husband of the heroic
Hannah Duston was guarded by a tile of soldiers as he
brought the clay from the pits to the yard near his
house. Ever since that eventful period Haverhill has
not only supplied its own bricks, but large quantities
are also sent to Lawrence, Lowell, and other cities and
towns. The clay pits are situated about a mile and a
half north of the city near the railroad, and the material
is the best in color and strength to be found in New
England. With the opportunity of taking the bricks
from the yard directly to the building sites in a half
hour, and in unlimited quantity, it is safe to assume
that Haverhill will alwa3's be able to secure this essen-
tial element of substantial growth at as low price as
an}' city in the country. Within the city limits is also
a fine granite yard, while the opportunities for bringing
granite to its very doors by the Merrimack River are
unsurpassed. Lumber and all kinds of wood building
VARIOUS THINGS. I 73
material are also abundant, and three extensive and
growintr firms supply everything that is needed in that
line.
As can readilv be seen from these facts, the strong-
est inducements are otlered to prospective builders of
business blocks, while a house and lot complete, suitable
for any man with a small income, can be put up for
from one thousand to twehe hiindretl dollars, and this
on the line of the horse railway and within a ride of
from fi\e to ten minutes of the business center of the
city.
The newspapers of Ilaxerhill consist of two daily
and two weekly issues, which tind a large circulation
in the adjacent Massachusetts and New Hampshire
towns as well as in the city itself. There have been,
from time to time, other \entures in the held of journal-
ism, but the hnal result for the present seems to suggest
the survival of the fittest.
The Daily Bulletin was started July i, 187 1, and
is therefore the oldest daily paper in the city. Its
publication was begun in the tlice of great obstacles
and with many predictions as to its ultimate and speedy
collapse. In fact, with so little favor was the scheme
of a daily paper in this city viewed that only about one
hundred and tifty subscribers could be obtained. For
live years the paper struggled for existence, but Sep-
tember 17, 1875, the present proprietors, I. L. Mitchell
and Warren Hoyt, bought out the original proprietor,
Mr. A. J. Hoyt, and in 1877 the Tri-Weekly Publisher
was bought and merged with it. Since that time the
growth of the paper has been gradual and steady. Year
174 HAVERHILT., MASSACHUSETTS.
by year it has strengthened its hold upon the pubHc, until,
today, it stands among the leading dailies in Essex
County. For the lirst seventeen years the office and
plant were at No. 4 Main Street, although its increasing
growth compelled the enlargement ot' the establishment
betbre the paper was a decade old. In 18S8 new quar-
ters were obliged to be sought, owing to the tact that
additional room was required for both editorial and job
departments. On April 5 of that year the establish-
ment was removed to the Daggett Building, in which
structure the Bulletin now occupies three floors. It
boasts at the present time one of the most centrally
located, most convenient, and thoroughly equipped
establishments in this section of the state. The politics
of the paper have always been Republican, but the
aims of its proprietors have been toward independence
rather than ultra-partisan. The paper is also essentially
a local sheet. Its aim is to cover Haverhill and vicinity
thoroughly, and, while attention is given to general
news, yet local news is considered of the lirst and great-
est importances. In connection with the paper is a large
book and job printing establishment in which skilled
help is employed the year round and which has facili-
ties for all kinds of fine work.
The Gazette goes back to very early times in the
history of Haverhill, it having been established in 1798,
though the daily edition was of much later origin. It
publishes now both weekly and daily editions, the latter
printed on a double cylinder Hoe press. The Gazette
has a wide circulation, and is a brio-ht, interesting', and
influential paper. Connected with the establishment is
VARIOUS THINGS. I 75
a large job and book printin^x oBicc, wlierc is printed
the Popular Science News and Boston Journal of
Chemistry.
'Die people of Ilaxerhill arc an amusement loxing
and an amusement enjoying class. The supply is almost
always e(]ual to the demand, especially in a case of this
sort, and in consequence Ilaxerhill is well pro\"ided
with places where its hard-working citizens can obtain
rest and enjo\'ment when the labors of the da\' are o\er.
First and foremost among these is the Academy of
Music, one of the prettiest, best arranged, best equipped,
and largest theaters, outside of Boston, in New England.
Here are presented the best dramatic attractions on the
road; and during the season, which extends from Sep-
tember to June, all the stars in the dramatic firmament
shine before the people. Manager James F. West
exercises jjood iudijment in securing- talent, and.althcnitrh
the ranire of attracticMis is lari>e. including- comedy,
tragedy, yariety, opera, both light and heavy, concerts,
both yocal and instrumental, and those nondescript
plays, neither one thing nor the other, but which might
be included under the head of farces, yet only the best
under that head are booked. The a\ erage is about two
performances a week, and hence, as may be readily
seen, as far as theatrical performances are concerned
no place in America of its size is better supplied. The
names of Booth, Barrett, ( Lawrence and Wilson,) Keene,
Dowling, Mrs. Langtry, Julia Marlow^e, Georgia Cayvan,
Joseph Jefl:erson, Margaret Mather, Fanny Davenport,
Modjeska, Janauschek, Rhea, Lotta, Annie Pixley,
Denman Thompson, Gilmore's Band and Boston Sym-
176 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
phony Orchestra are not only familiar to Haverhill but
they have been seen again and again upon its stage.
In addition there is never a season in which one or
more courses of lectures and semi-private entertain-
ments are not given. The city boasts talent and genius,
fine musicians, good vocalists, amateur actors, and elocu-
tionists, and they are never loth to respond to the calls
made upon them for charitable and social purposes.
Moreover the bazaar, fair, sale, epidemic under various
disguises, rages as virulently in Flaverhill as is possible,
and their number is legion. Such are some of the amuse-
ments which attract and entertain our citizens in winter,
to say nothing of skating rinks, sleighing parties, ice
skating, either on the river or on the beautiful lakes
with which the vicinity abounds, dances private and
public, etc., but it is in summer that Haverhill affords
amusements which far surpass those offered by the
ordinary small city.
On the beautiful Merrimack River, which equals in
clear, tranquil, calm beauty any similar river in this
country, pleasure steamers ply, loaded with human
freight, every pleasant summer day, bound either for
the salt and invigorating breezes to be found at " Black
Rocks," the Coney Island of New England, or else to
find rest and shady coolness in the nooks and woody
ravines of Eagle Island, The Pines, and Balch's Grove,
public places for picnic devotees which lie along the
ighteen mile stretch from Haverhill to the mouth of
the river. Within a radius of twenty, nay ten, miles
from the very heart of business life, over twenty lakes
lie nestled among the green fields, surrounded by
VARIOUS THINGS. 177
groves of large and beautiful trees. To these also dur-
ing the summer months the seekers after rest and
amusement make their wa\' to picnic and enjo\- the
out-door sports of which Americans, especially Young
America, are so fond. In summer also amateur base
ball teams flourish, and on the large and well equipped
grounds, known as '^Recreation Park," furnish enter-
tainment to many. The list might be continued inde-
finitely, for Haverhill boasts several lawn tennis clubs,
two yacht clubs, a large number of amateur boatmen,
hunters and fishermen galore, a good half-mile track on
which meetings which draw out good exhibitions of
speed are held, a rifle club, a bicycle club, an amateur
photographers'' club, etc., etc. In truth the opportunities
aflbrded for amusement, no matter what the season of
the year ma}' be, are many and are enjoyed to their full
extent.
The Kenoza Club, an association of gentlemen
already referred to, has recently developed an access of
energy and has added to its house on the edge of the
lake from which it derives its name a lar^-e veranda
and pavilion which handsomely equips it for social
pleasures.
While it is unnecessary in Haverhill for a new-
comer to be a member of some secret organization in
order to receive cordial recognition and welcome, it
should be stated that those belonging to almost any
secret or social ortjanization in existence will And socie-
ties ready to give them the fraternal sign and greeting.
The flrst Free Mason's lodge was chartered in 1802.
There are at present two lodges, a chapter of Royal
178
HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
Arch Masons, a council of Select and Royal Masters,
a Commander}' of Knights Templar of 188 members,
the Lodge of Perfection, Princes of Jerusalem Council,
Rose Croix Chapter, and a Kadash Council. There are
ODD FELLOWS BUILDING.
seven lodges of Odd Fellows with a very large mem-
bership, beside large orders of Knights of Pythias,
Knights of Honor, Red Men, Pilgrim Fathers, Ancient
Order of Hibernians, United American Mechanics, and
many others, in all comprising thirty or more different
organizations, some of them having tine club rooms as
well as halls for business. In addition to these there
VARIOUS THINGS. I79
arc two line private social organizations, the Pentucket
Club and the Wachusett Club, each having most pleasant
and tasteful quarters which do much to add to the social
attractions of city.
A rich and extensive farming countr}- depends
largely upon IIa\erhill for a market for its products of
the soil. Fresh supplies for the table can alwa\'s be
found in abundance and at low prices. Rents var}'
from eight dollars per month for tenements of five or
six rooms to fifteen dollars for those of the latest
modern conveniences, and whole houses rent for from
the latter tigures to thirty dollars per month. Board
for mechanics costs from three to five dollars per week,
and at the hotels from six to nine per week. These
hgures can only be given approximately, but, taking
into consideration the attractions and ad\antages of the
cit\', both natural and acquired, as a place of residence,
the cost of li\ing is remarkably low. Mechanics in
many cases own their own houses and in all cases
thev can do so. Haverhill has as many cozv little
homes owned b\" workingmen as an\" other citv of its
size in the Union. This is largch' due, not alone to the
encouragement given them to build by the public
spirited capitab'st, but more especially to the two local
co-operative banks, which in other parts of the country
are known as building, loan, or savings associations.
Institutions of this kind are doubtless among the great-
est boons of a private nature to working people that have
been ottered them in this country. The two banks re-
ferred to are both in an exceedin"h' fiourishinty condi-
tion, having a large accumulated capital gathered
from the savin^-s of working men and women.
A I^LAct: ro Live In.
The bcautirul situation ol' Ilaxerhill upon the banks
of tlic noble Merrimack, the eommandin<)^ heights upon
whieli our houses can be so built that almost all ma\-
ha\ e magnirieent \ lews of the river valley and the
surroundini!- eountr\-, and also a tiood of sunli";ht
and an abundance of pure air, form natural advantages
which few cities can boast, but which are by no means
all that we enjoy.
Far enough from the sea to have the raw east
winds somewhat tempered, near enough to the moun-
tains to get their unadulterated health-giving air, there
is no blessing which the climate of New England can
give that is not ours. The elevation of the river banks
raises them from whatever danger might arise from
dampness, and affords admirable facilities for the best
drainage through a soil that has sufficient fertility and
is of such variety as to afford flourishing life to all the
l82 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
beautiful trees, flowers, and vegetables, either native or
imported, which thrive anywhere in New England.
The fine shade-trees in almost all the streets occupied
by residences form a marked feature of the attractive-
ness of the city, and one which is seldom found in a
manufacturing community.
The four beautiful lakes, to the banks of which
some of our most attractive building lots have been
extended, ofter, in addition to an abundant supply of
pure water for all purposes, suburban walks and drives
of unexcelled beauty.
In fact, the hills of Haverhill, especially those
overlooking these lovely lakes and the glorious river,
are among the most lin'ored spots on earth for human
residence, affording opportunities for the most delight-
ful surroundings. Every acre is so situated that a
desirable home may be made upon it, adapted to every
taste in regard to altitude, grade, and exposure. The
infinite variety of slopes to every point of the compass
enables one to choose where the morning and the even-
ing sun shall shine upon his house, whether he shall be
protected from the north, the south, the east, or the west
winds, or whether he shall welcome the breezes from
every point.
No similar advantages does any other city in the
country furnish within so short a distance from a com-
mon center. The incalculable blessing of such homes
to the character of an entire community cannot be
overestimated. The child brought up among such
glorious surroundings cannot fail to be affected by their
elevating influences, and must imbibe insensibly high.
A PLACE TO LIVE IN. I 83
strong, and wholesome habits of thought. To the
hard-worked man nothing affords greater relief, gives
greater strength tor the dail\- struggle, than the ability
in one moment to turn his back upon the din and
turmoil and dust and confusion, the inevitable concomi-
tants of busy quarters, and from his hill-side cottage
breathe the pure air of heaven, with one of the most
perfect of earth's pictures stretched before his eye.
This is no imaginary sketch. Every man that can
buy a house lot or that can pay rent has it in his power
to choose one of these situations, instead of huddling
close to his factory on the river bank, because he is too
lazy or too indifferent to choose more wisely. Every
inch of land in the lower levels of the city is none too
much for its business uses, and, by the aid of the
horse railway for the more distant parts, a large extent
of our territory is made axailable for dwellings. Every
house can be within easy reach of one or more of our
fine bodies of water, affording delight to the eye as
well as boating, fishing, and bathing facilities. The
noble Merrimack, flowing at our feet, is no small item
in the grand sum of benefits which nature has be-
stowed upon this spot, enabling us to reach the great
ocean and by it all the ports of the world. The water
in this river is deep enough to float to our wharves
vessels larger than those employed in our merchant
marine when this county led the whole continent in its
foreign commerce. That the river can be utilized as
a water power is the opinion of competent engineers,
another gift of nature not to be overlooked.
184 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
The distance from Boston (to which it is near
enousfh for the convenient transaction of the business
which naturally gravitates to great centers, and from
which it is far enough not to be absorbed as a suburb )
is an advantage the importance of which can hardly be
overestimated, enabling us to form a society suthciently
independent to have a character of its own, vet within
such easy reach of cosmopolitan influences as to avoid
all danger of provincialism. On our frequent trips to
the metropolis, the beautiful glimpses of wood, meadow,
lake, and river in the short hour's journe}' afford a pleas-
ing variety which is an alleviation to the toil of the day.
But it is not to natural advantages alone that one
looks when about to take up a new residence. Reli-
gion, the recognition of God as an object of worship,
love, and obedience, the corner-stone on which our
civilization rests, calling out as it does the best there is
in us, must occupy a prominent place in every man's
thoughts. Whatever form of Christian belief one may
hold, he can be reasonably sure of finding some of his
household of faith established in this city, ready to wel-
come him with kindl}^ sympathy. In few communities
does the religious spirit hold stronger sway, ever}^ year
showing an advance in this direction, owing perhaps in
large measure to the fact that in all sects religious wor-
ship has been freed from much of its old time austerity.
The opportunities for education are ample in almost
every New England city, but here in Haverhill we are
especially favored in our admirable educational advan-
tages for both sexes and for all ages. We have not
only our excellent public schools, at the head of which
A PLACK TO LIVE IN. 1 85
stands a hioh scliool at which our young- men are
fitted for college or for the duties of citizenship, but in-
numerable chihs and associations, havino- for their ulti-
mate object the better education of men and women.
Our public school system, receivintr the active and intel-
ligent support of our best citizens on its committees, and
being peculiarly fa\ ored in its well-established teachers,
meets the approbation of all, and the results achieved
by it are eminentl}- satisfactory. Our private schools,
beginning with those for children of the tenderest years,
are conducted on the best plans, instilling ideas and
j>rinci}iles which it was once thought could be obtained
nowhere but at home. In this connection we must not
forget the close proximity of the Bradford Academy for
girls, which has almost a national reputation, and an
excellent prixate school tor boys, just across the river.
The old-fashioned lyceum seems to ha\e ceased to
exist, but in its place we have numerous literary clubs
which are often instructed by the best talent in this
country or perhaps in the world; and under the auspices
of our N'arious societies, notably the Young Men's Chris-
tian Association, lectures and other instructive enter-
tainments atibrd ample opportunities for mental im-
provement. Greater facilities are now^ being offered
for our musical education, which has hitherto been
somewhat neglected, and we hope soon to furnish ap-
preciative audiences for the encouragement of the best
music, which is always at our command. The drama
in a sufficiently elevating form to have an educational
intiuence can hardly be said to have gained a perma-
nent foothold with us, notwithstanding the ample facili-
l86 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
ties furnished by the able management of our beautiful
Academy of Music, but we hope, as we progresss in
wisdom and prosperity, soon to add this to our privi-
leges.
Drawing, painting, and even sculpture have their
part in our schools, and, together with classes especiall}'
devoted to these branches of fine art, have succeeded
in developing talent of which we have reason to be
proud. That we show a keen appreciation of good work
is the verdict of some of the first artists in the coun-
try. As a powerful instrument for intellectual improve-
ment and recreation, we have a public library, well
endowed and admirably conducted. According to the
report of the commissioner of education there are but
nine free lendino- libraries laro-cr than ours, which con-
tains forty-five thousand volumes. Physical education
is receiving more attention, as the establishment of an
excellent gymnasium with competent teachers, in con-
nection with the Young Men's Christian Association,
attests; and the numerous ponies with children on their
backs in our streets show that the important branch of
horsemanship is not neglected. Dancing schools have
also been established and are well patronized. In con-
sidering- the social life of Haverhill, it can be said bv
the writer, that there is no place it has been his good
fortune to visit, in a somewhat extended experience of
towns in this country, where so cordial a welcome is
extended to the new comer, where a man so instantly
finds himself in possession of all the privileges which
are often obtained only at the expense of long resi-
dence. He can speak from his own experience and
A PLACE TO LIVE IN. I 87
that of every adopted citizen, who will join heartil}' in
this expression. It is impossible to say too much of
the lieartN' ^ood-will ami kindliness of spirit which ij^reet
e\ erv man, woman, and child who enters the arena in
whatexer capacity, pi(n ide a i'air held for the exercise
of exery talent, and aid ever}' laudable etibrt however
humble.
That we are hedged in b\' no artificial barriers is
one of our greatest blessings, and one which more than
an\ thing else perhaps invites accession to our number.
If we do not as fully as we ought a\ail ourselves of the
pri\ ileges ol mutual improxement and social enjo\'-
ment, it must be laid to our too great de\'otion to busi-
ness. For some years we were able to point out to
the stranger our one gentlemen of leisure, but he has
long since joined the great arm\' of workers, hnd-
ing, presumablw his isolated position insupportable.
There is no reason why Haverhill should not atford,
however, a deliuhtlul residence tor gentlemen of leisure,
but business strife is so hot the}' seem to have found no
place so far. One may reasonably look forward, how-
ever, to a sufficient cessation of this bus\' lite as to en-
able us to test the admirable material we have for social
enjo\ment. One pleasing feature is gaining daih*
prominence and will prove a great benefit to us, viz.,
the increase in the number of social meeting's of em-
plovers and emploved. Nothing can add to the general
solidity of a town so much as these pleasant and cor-
dial relations.
In an article recenth" published in one of the news-
papers of the city, after mentioning the beauty, the
l88 MAVERHiLL, MASSACHUSEttS.
health (indicated by the bright, animated looks, quick,
independent walk, and general air of happiness), and
the taste in dress of the women seen on our streets,
the writer goes on to sa}' of the men : '''" There is a
brightness, an animation, an expression of shrewdness
visible upon the lineaments of every passer-by which
speaks volumes for its possessor's brain, mind, and
soul. Moreover, these characteristics are inherent in
most of the operatives in this city. They are superior
in intellect, general knowledge, and schooling to any
similar class in America. They are thinking, reasoning
men, strong in their convictions, outspoken in their opin-
ions, strong in the faith inherited from sturdy, indepen-
dent ancestors." Formed of such elements, the social
fabric of Haverhill should be strong. The man who
was 3'esterda3^ emplo3'ed is to-day an employer, as ever}^
avenue is open to energetic and intelligent action. Un-
der a republican form of government, this may be said
to be true of every city and town in the land, but
every one knows that in many places local influences
often handicap the ambitious aspirant. That the local
influences here all favor the man who tries to rise is
what the writer desires especiall}^ to emphasize.
The natural and acquired advantages of Haverhill
have already been frequently alluded to, and it remains
here but to touch upon the use that may be made of
them in relation to business. That the situation of our
beautiful city is thoroughly advantageous for the tran-
saction of almost any kind of business has been pointed
out. The fine sites for factories, extending for nine
miles on the banks of the Merrimack and to the New
A PLACE TO LIVE tN. 189
Hampshire line in the Little Ri\er valle\', with all the
achantaiies of ri\er and railroad transportation, the
healthful surroundings without which successful work
is impossible, the formation of the land, enabling us to
live witliin easy rich of our factories and yet in a diti'er-
erent atmosphere, all ii^o to make up a sum total of in-
estimable value. Our religious, educational, and social
pri^■ileges all ha\ e immense weight in the business
world, and, b\ their influence on our citizens, become
active agents in the promotion of ever\' enterprise.
Every business man knf)ws the \alue of intelligent,
educated, skilled workmen, and what a vast ditierence
there is in the conduct and success of an establishment
where these can be obtained, and one where ignorant
labor is employed. Nowhere is this phase more pro-
pitious than here.
A hirger question, and one of greater import in the
long run than the mere question of labor to the man
planting his business here, is that the whole conduct of
the atiairs of the citv b\- the selection of its officers is
in the hands of an intelligent people who make Haver-
hill their permanent home and do not leave us at the
merc\- of a shifting population. The latter is often the
case in manufacturing towns where foreign capital alone
is invested. We are fortunate in that our citizens make
and spend their money here. The stranger is at once
impressed bv our elegant and comfortable residences,
so superior in number and beauty to those of other
cities much larger, where prosperity is less generallv
diffused. This is our strong point, that we are a homo-
geneous household, depending upon each other and
190 tiAVfiRHfLL, MASSAC!HUSETTS.
absolutel}' controlling our own affairs. If this is not a
commiinit\- which invites accessions, where can one be
lb unci ?
Our buildino- tacilities are unexcelled. The best of
building stones, especially for foundations, can be bought
for little more than the expense of hauling, as our hill-
sides are full of them. Good bricks are made from the
best of clav within our borders so cheaply that all the
neighboring cities are supplied b}' us. The river en-
ables us to bring timber and lime to our wharves at
reasonable rates. Our iron works furnish evervthing
of machinerv and heating apparatus, in successful com-
petition with the largest establishments in the country.
Our hardware stores supply all the materials in their
line at wholesale prices. So that buildings can be
erected and equipped here to the best advantage.
An instance of the latest building enterprise is seen
in the handsome Daggett Building, which towers above
Merrimack Street and rixals in its appointments metro-
politan edihces.
For the prosecution of business the same advantages
applv. At no inland town can coal be furnished so
cheaply. River transportation and wharf privileges
enable us to procure all the more bulky articles, such
as the timber, iron and other metals that go into many
branches of manufacture, moulding sand, granite, oil,
tar, e\'en cotton and wool, at rates which our railroads
are compelled to meet.
Rents are reasonable, and the co-operative banks
furnish the means for the easy acquisition of homes;
our real estate owners favor the establishment of
DAGGETT BUILDING.
192 HAVERHILL, MASSACHUSETTS.
homes; no land is held at fanc}' prices; the position
of landlord is not sought; no place that is worth living
in offers greater inducements tor householders. The
cost of living is not excessive, although the general
prosperity has created a demand for the best the market
atibrds, and consequent!}' has somewhat enhanced prices
over those of more stagnant communities.
No manuiacturer ever left Haverhill or ever will
leave it except for the one expected advantage, cheaper
labor, as the questions of rent, power, and taxes are
entirely subordinate and are manifestly counter-balanced
bv others ; and, as cheaper labor has been found to
result in a product of lower standard, it is only a ques-
tion of time and the action of the natural laws of
demand and supply, untrammeled by artificial condi-
tions caused by unhealthy agitation, when our city, as a
center of skilled labor, will inevitablv recall the wan-
dering ones whose hearts are still with us, together
with an armv of new recruits. Haverhill stands ready
to welcome all.
Our banks especially favor the business men of
Haverhill and seek no outside loans until every citizen
who by his character shows himself worthy of credit is
accommodated. The character of our workmen has
been mentioned, but that we have within easy reach
live thousand men in addition to our own population of
twenty-six thousand is a tact worth considering, espe-
cially in view of the enlargement of the shoe business,
as most of these men are skilled in that craft. But it is
not to the extension of the shoe business alone that we
look; believing that a diversity of industries is advan-
tageous to a communit}', we offer inducements to all.
A PLACE TO LfVE IN. I93
Our retail stores, siipplyiuo- ;i large surrounding
country, are admirably conducted b\- enterprising men,
and no one need seek elsewhere for the gratification ot"
any reasonable want in their line. Our ad\"anta<rcs
might be enlarged upon almost indetinitely, but the
scope of this paper is mereU to mention some of the
most maiked, conhdenth' trusting that thev will arrest
the attention of outsiders. I^et us not forget, that, while
turnishing opportunities for the strong in mind and
body, the communit\" is not unmindful of those who are
disabled hv accitlent or ill health, who are cared for in
our well appointed and abh' managed City Hos-
pital, and that the poor and unfortunate are so wisely
assisted hv our bene^•olent institutions, the Old Ladies"
Home, the Children's Home, the Benevolent Society,
etc., as not to create paupers, wdio are consequently
few in number.
^VtOMI.\'e.^,.^
B
ui^^ioe^s X otere^t^
OF-
^-^VERlil^^'
N, F. SaWyer.
Mr. N. F. Sawyer, whose shop is in the rear of 72
Washington Street, is the manufaeturer and patentee
ot' the most powertlil heater for both steam and hot
water heating yet invented, which possesses more heat-
ing surface which comes in direct action with the fire
than any other, and for hot water heating has the best
water circulation of all, being free, rapid, and positive.
196
Edgar 0, BuilocK,
Who for 1 8 years had been connected with dry
<j^oods houses in Boston, Ibrmed in 1S82 a partnership
with C). W. Butters, then doin^- a business of $20,000 a
year in the cutting- of shoe stock. In 1885 Mr. Butters
retired and Mr. Bullock has continued alone. He oc-
cupies the whole buildin<i^ at 45 and 47 Washington
Street and the upper floor of the next building. He
does a business of $120,000 a year, employs twent3'-five
hands the year round, cutting over a ton of leather a day.
Most of this comes direct from the tanneries, making
a saving' in freijj'ht and securing- a uniform line ot stock.
This, with new and improved machinery, careful hand-
ling, and a perfect system in the factory, produces goods
that command a ready sale and good prices.
197
C, N. Rt|odes.
Mr. C. N. Rhodes, a large dealer in ladies'' fur-
nishing goods, millinery, domestics, oil and straw
carpetings, rugs, and Buttrick's patterns, at Nos. 52
and 54 Merrimack Street, began business in 1865 at No.
10 Main Street, occupying for two years one tioor, the
two years following two floors, while at the end of the
fourth year the demands of his business for space re-
quired the whole building. After about eight years he
removed to the Odd Fellows' Building, No. 28 Main
Street, remaining there about nine years, w^hence he
removed to his present large and commodious store,
which has a floor surface of over forty-two hundred
square feet. In accordance with the requirements of a
large business at the present day, he early adopted the
cash carrying system, using for four ^ears the Lamson
ball system, and for the next four years the Lamson
wire system.
Starting^ at the close of the great War oi the Rebell-
ion, when everything had a fictitious value, the prices
of merchandise have decreased almost continually up
to the present hour. For example, imported corsets,
which were then sold at retail at three dollars and a
half a pair, now pay a profit at ninetv-two cents.
Spool cotton sold then for fifteen cents, and sells
now for two cents. Forty-inch sheeting, which
then sold for seventy-five cents, sells now for eight
cents. Yet Mr. Rhodes' increase in trade, as measured
by the receipts, has more than kept pace with the fall
in prices; and now the services of from ten to eighteen
clerks are required.
198
S, R. Dow,
Mr. S. A. Dow began business in a small way in
this city in the year 1883, engaging in the sale of pianos,
organs, musical instruments in general, rich stationery,
bric-a-brac, and so forth, but now, in contrast to this
small beginning, is doing the largest business in this
line in the city of Ha\erhill to-day. He occupies the
store No. 85 Merrimack Street, which has been fitted
up purposely for his occupancy. On the tirst floor is his
salesroom, which is very handsomely equipped. On the
second floor he has a large studio, while in the rear is
the framing department, in which only work of the best
quality is done. Mr. Dow is the agent for some of the
best musical instruments in the world, notably the
Henry Miller, Behr Bros., Newby, and Evans pianos,
the Mason and Hamlin, Estey, and Sterling organs.
199
J. C. Hardy.
Mr. J. C. Hardy is the proprietor of a tlourishing
and constantly increasing business in grain, hay, straw,
flour, coal, and wood. His warehouse, forty-ti\e leet
by seventy-five, is a brick building, built by himself in
1870. It is located at No. 188 Winter Street, on the
line of the Boston and Maine Railway, in a situation
convenient alike for dealer and customer. It has a
cemented cellar and possesses the very necessary quality
of dryness, so much so as to fit it for a storehouse for
grain. Mr. Hardy ships his hay and straw from New
Hampshire, Maine, Canada, and New York, while his
flour and grain he brings in directly from the West. He
received last year about one thousand car-loads of mer-
chandise, and handled five hundred tons of hay and
about three thousand tons of coal. Since April, 1887,
he has occupied No. 8 Emerson Street as a branch
store.
200
George H. Hill,
Twenty years ago the subject of this sketch began
on a small scale, in connection with his father, C. H.
Hill, who kept a grocer}- store at io8 Winter Street,
the business to which, in later years, he devoted his
entire energy and time. Ilis original stock consisted
ola few potted plants which were sold in connection
with the store goods. As the demand increased the
stock in trade enlarged until in a few years the busi-
ness had grown to such proportions that he leased a
store, 44 Winter ^Street, and devoted his entire time to
the sale ot plants and Howers. The limited accommo-
dati(jns here soon necessitated another chang-e, and in
1885 the store at 14 Winter Street was fitted up and
filled with a select and ever increasing stock of flowers,
flowering plants, and ornamental shrubs. Here are to
be tound at all times the rare novelties and newest
varieties of the floral creation, and work from this
establishment is jnstly ct?lebrated. Mr. Hill is, and
has been, closely identified with the rise and growth of
floral culture in Haverhill. Twenty years ago not one
well laid out or one well kept lawn could have been
found within our city limits. Scarce!}' a house could
be found that could boast of a well kept flower garden,
while ornamental trees and shrubs were practical!}-
unknown. Now all this is changed, and Haverhill
homes are noted for their beautiful surroundings. To
Mr. Hill and his eflbrts is due in a great measure this
mar\-elous change in public taste and opinion, and from
his long experience he is able to give ideas in flori-
culture that must be of value to his patrons and the
public.
201
Th[G Sariders Leatlrier Corripariy.'
Prior to iSyo every boot and shoe manufaeturer
was obliged to buy his sole leather by the side and to
devote a lar<^e part of the room and labor of his faetory
to euttino- and sortini>- it. This was a o-reat disadvan-
tage to him. as not only was a eonsiderable amount of
eapital and labor in\oI\ed, but, owing to the innumera-
ble grades and (jualities in a side of leather, he found
himself loaded with a large proportion whieh he could
not use.
Recognizing that in the numerous special lines of
manufacture in this city there was a demand for every
part of the leather if each could be put where it be-
longed, Mr. Thomas Sanders in 1870 started the busi-
ness of sole leather cutting on a large scale, driving
the entering wedge which has since re\"olutionized the
S3'stem of manufacture in this cit}'.
The Sanders I^eather Company which succeeded
to this business in 1883, is still managed bv Mr. San-
ders, its president, and has steadily done a business of
half a million dollars a year. In 1889 a considerable
addition has been made to the facilities of the com-
pany, which will enable it to do a business of three
quarters of a million in future, cutting about 4,000 sides
a week of the best union and oak leather. The busi-
ness has extended to all parts of the United States
where boots and shoes are made, verv few enliahtened
manutacturers adhering to the old system of cutting
their own leather.
Many of the largest manufacturers in the West and
South are the regular customers of the Sanders Leather
Compan}-.
203
Cl^asG Brotlriers.
This firm of manufacturing- stationers is composed
of Messrs. George F., and Herbert A. Chase,
both young men, who started a small printing-
bus i n e s s January 6, 1 878,
with one press, doing all
^ .^-==. _^ the work themselves, since
which t i m e they have
steadily enlarged to meet
the demands of their in-
creasing trade, until in 1889,
the plant in their printing
OM.\ i'RE&& 1878. department includes six
presses of the most approved patterns, together with
all the standard faces of type and ever}' necessary
appliance for the rapid production of lirst class work
of everv description. In connection with the above
is a blank book manufactory, and a stationer}' de-
partment where can be found every variety of blank
ONE OF SIX PRESSES 1 889.
204
Thie HaVerl)!!! Biridery.
K
books, office und counting room supplies: a feature
of the business being the manufacture to order of
special blank books, this being the only manufac-
tory in the city. From their small beginning eleven
years ago, the firm now occupies the four story brick
building, Nos. 13 and 15 Washington Street. The first
book e\er published, printed, and bound in this city
came fVom this establishment.
Pre\ ious to January, I1S87, there was no book
bindery in this city, and it was necessary to send all
work out of town for binding. ^^^K^^Mfc: jdit^
Messrs. Chase Brothers, real- ^:^^ ' ' ^^-
izing that this caused many
delays and was a great incon-
venience to their customers,
added this department to their
business, with the intention ot
doing onh' their own binding,
thus ha\ing all work under
their immediate control and
supervision. That this enter-
prise was appreciated is
shown b\- the fact that their ^^I||^-
order trade has more than
doubled since the addition, and a larirc and increasing
business comes from out of town. In this department
are manufactured the Excelsior blank books, which
are recognized as the most complete line in the trade,
the ledger paper being manufactured especialh' for
them, and each book receives a custom binding far
superior to the ''team work" on many competing lines.
-^^Cik^^r'S;-^
205
T]:]G Carletori Scliool.
The village of Bradford, opposite and within eas}'
reach of Haverhill, has always been a favored locality
with regard to schools, from Father Greenleafs time,
when the celebrated Bradford Academy, then a school
for both sexes, was under his guardianship, until the
present, when side bv side with this time-honored
institution, now reserved for the gentler sex alone,
stands another school, adapted for masculine youthful-
ness and vigor.
In the center of this healthful and beautiful village,
and occup3'ing its most attractive site, is the Carleton
School. This institution was established in 1884 and
is a classical and Eno-lish school for bovs.
The principal, I. N. Carleton, A. M., Ph. D. is well
known as a former instructor for four vears in Phillips
Academy, AndoNer, and for fourteen years principal
of the State Normal School of Connecticut, at New
Britain. He is assisted by a well qualitied corps of
teachers, and is thus able to give to pupils the individ-
ual attention that they need, and which can not be ob-
tained in a large school.
Parents traveling abroad, or for an}- other reason
unable to provide a suitable home for their boys, can
here hnd the comforts and advantages of a cultivated
home and a thorough school, besides those naturally
attached to a quiet village which is yet within a
moment's reach of a large citv. The disposition ot the
individual scholar, his adaptedness to a particular line
of work, his predisposition to one study or another
here receive that thoughtful and careful consideration
that are denied the attendants upon larger schools.
206
1 -J
WggKs, CunnrTiirigs, arid Connpariy.
Messrs. Weeks, Cumminu^s, and Company, proprie-
tors of extensi\e steam pcjlishino- oranite and marble
works at No. 51 Main Street in Haverhill and across
the Merrimack Ri\ er in Bradford, invite public atten-
tion to the great advantages to the buyer which result
from their ample facilities and from their long and ex-
tensixe experience in the manufacture and sale of mon-
umental work.
They call atten-
tion also to the
evident fact that
the great extent
of their business
and the conxenient
location of thcii
steam polishini,
mill and principal
manufactor\", lu-
tween the rail\va\
and tide-water, both contribute materially to reduce the
cost of manufacturing, handling, and shipping monu-
mental work to the minimum.
They have at all times on hand in their warerooms
a large and varied stock of finished monumental w^ork,
as well as a complete collection of the most tasteful
and practical designs. Correspondence is inxited.
The senior member of the tirm was the designer of
the soldiers"' monument, to which reference was made
in the earlier pages of this book, which has given
general satisfaction to the Haverhill public, and which
is a sufficient iruarantee of his artistic taste.
207
Mitch(Gll arid Conqpariy.
This firm, now consisting of F. j. Mitchell and
George Thayer, began business in 1876 with a small
stock of goods in a store containing only 1250 feet of
ti<K)riiig, but has been compelled to increase its space
by the demand of a constantly growing business until
now it boasts one of the largest and best appointed dry
goods houses in Essex Countv, the making- of cloaks
being a specialty.
208
Tine MerriiTiacK National BariK»
Organized July 5, i<Si4, can salcl\' claim to be the
oldest financial institution in Ilaxerhill. It paid ninety-
seven semi-annual dividends, averaging lour per cent as
a state bank, and as a National bank has averaged semi-
annual dividends of the per cent on its capital stock of
$240,000. Its officers are: President, C \V. Chase;
vice-president, John B. Nichols; cashier, Ubert A. Kil-
1am; directors, C. W. Chase, Moses Nichols, John B.
Nichols, Dudley Porter, P. C. Swett, Woodbury Noyes,
J. L. Hobson, C. E. Wiggin, John Pilling, cfw. Ar-
nold. The bank's policy has alwa3s been the wise one
of "regarding w^holly the agricultural and manufacturing
interests of Haverhill and vicinitv' in loaning money."
Its statement October 4, 1888, showed: Capital stock,
$240,000; surplus, $120,000; individual deposits, $410,-
000; United States deposits, $105,000. Its deposits
averaged, Irom i8i4to 1850, $6,000; 1850 to 1864, $26,-
000; 1864 to 1876, $86,000; 1876 to 1888, $300,000.
209
Bradford flcadenqy
Is the oldest seminary for young women in the
country, founded in 1803, and incorporated in 1804.
The school edifice, including the boarding and school
department under the same roof, is located near the
center of an area of twenty-five acres. The location is
high, the air is fresh, sunlight abundant. Pupils have
invigorating exercise in the open air, boating and skat-
ing on the lake, bowling in the alley, or walking in the
grove. The open grounds are laid out in spacious lawns
and adorned with shrubs and flowers. Paths are laid
through the forest, along the side of the lake, through
the dense thickets and the open woods, afibrding many-
views of wild and picturesque beauty.
The curriculum includes both classical and English
courses of study.
Bradford Academy is in the interest of Christian
education. The design is the development of Chris-
tian womanhood. By the best nurture, by the choicest
instruction, by all personal influence and example, the
teachers endeavor to train the pupils for the highest ser-
vice to which God may call them.
Trustees. — Hon. George Cogswell, M. D., Presi-
dent, Bradford; Ezra Farnsworth, Vice-President, Bos-
ton; John Crowell, M. D., Secretary, Haverhill; Doane
Cogswell, A. M., Treasurer, Bradford; Rev. John D.
Kingsbury, D. D., Bradford; Hon. William A. Russell,
Boston; Rev. James H. Means, D. D., Boston; Rev.
Edmund K. Alden, D. D., Boston; Elbridge Torrey,
Boston; Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Boston.
Clerk. — Harrison E. Chadwick, A. M., Bradford.
Principal. — Miss Annie E.Johnson.
210
The Second National Bank-
The Second National P)ank of Haverhill was char-
tered May 25, 1886, bet^an business July i, and in
October moved into its present quarters, No. 35
Washington Street, expressly fitted for the purpose.
The followin*,'- w^ere chosen directors: John A. Gale,
George A. Greene, Joseph W. Vittuni, John Pilling,
George II. Carleton, James II. Winchell, George A.
Hall, Edgar O. Pullock, John W. Russ, George E.
Elliott, Charles W. Arnold. Mr. John A. Gale, to
wdiose untiring etibrts the starting of the bank was
mainly due, was elected president; Mr. George H.
Carleton, vice-president; Mr. C. H. Goodwin, cashier.
Thanks to the et^brts of the president, and directors,
the bank has pursued a steady, progressive course from
the start. Its object has always been and continues to
be, to assist in business young men of worth and ability.
211
Saii riders Brotl^ers.
Only six years ago, in 1883, Messrs. Albert F. and
George Saunders, under the firm name of Saunders
Brothers, began business as plumbers and tinsmiths,
and dealers in stoves, furnaces, and gas fixtures, start-
ing in a small way, employing but two men. The
extent and development of their plant and business
may be partially interred
from the fact that they em-
plo\' eight times as manv
workmen now. Their
salesroom, at No. 9 Emer-
son Street, fiftv feet long
and forty feet w^ide, is hand-
somely fitted up with all
n e c e s s a r y appertenanees,
is admirably adapted for the
exhibition and display of
goods in their line, and is,
without doubt, one of the
finest in the eitv. The
manufacturing- is carried on
CD
in a two-story building in the rear. They make a
specialty of the Highland range and Chilson furnace.
Mr. George Saunders retired about a year ago, but the
firm name remains the same.
The same attention to every practical detail, the
same energy and enterprise, the same honesty and thor-
oughness in the execution of whatever is entrusted to
their hands, that originated and continued the success
of the firm, still remain with it and ensure satisfaction.
212
HaVerhiill Iron Worlds.
Sonic ()\ our enterprising citizens in 1881, realizing
tlie need of a \ariety of interests to advance the pros-
perity of IIa\erhill, tormed tlie corporation known as
the IIa\erhill Iron W^orks for the manufacture of cast-
ings and ahnost all kinds of finished machinery and
heating apparatus. In 1889 the company is doing a busi-
ness at the rate of $100,000 a }ear, or more than double
what it has e\er before done, as our citizens ha\e found
out that all their iron work can be done cheaper and
better here than elsewhere. It has just dawned upon
this community that there is nothing in the line of shaft-
ing, machinery, or boiler work, either for power or steam
or hot water heating, that cannot be satisfactorily sup-
plied by the Haverhill Iron Works. This compan\' has
been looked upon simply as a foundry, and, with the dis-
position which all citizens have to patronize home in-
dustries, no one has ordered columns, store fronts, fire
escapes, door steps, hitching posts, gas posts, man-holes,
or any other casting any where else, but it never occurred
to many of them until now how varied are the capabili-
ties of this institution and that the most intricate ma-
chinerv that is now being run in our nail factories and
shoe shops is made here. No system of heating has yet
been devised that equals the hot water plant which this
company constructs. It is admirable in e\ery way and
gives perfect satisfaction to all who have tried it.
Every kind of piping and repairing is done at the
down town ofiice of the company at 82 Washington
Street, where the superintendent, Mr. M. S. Holmes,
can be found ready to make estimates or contracts for
everything in his line.
213
Perley H, Stor|G.
Four years ago September ist Mr. Perley A. Stone
commenced business, having previously had an ex-
perience of seven years in the employ of Mr. }. 11.
Durgin. He located at 17 and 19 Railroad Square in
the Gardner Block. As business increased he hired
additional room on Granite and Washington streets,
until January i, 1887, when he removed to one of the best
factories in Haverhill, Sanders' new building, which he
now occupies,
and in addi-
tion the small
building ad-
joining. His
specialty is
ladies', miss-
es', and chil-
dren's, men's,
boys', a n d
vouth's turn-
ed slippers.
These goods
.-5 --: W ^^"^ largely
"*- sewed by the
" national pro-
cess", which, supplemented by his patent method of
channeling, makes the strongest seam possible. His
business has stained from the first in volume until now
he makes as many slippers as any house here. He is for-
tunate in having associated with him, as a special partner,
Mr. Luther S. Johnson of Lynn, who is one of the fore-
most business men of our sister city and of the country.
214
B. F, Leigl^tori ar\d Co,
In 1878 an enterprise of an entirely new type was
inaugurated in Haverhill, when Mr. B. F. Leighton
established the first and the only wholesale grocery
house in the citw lie did at first but a moderate busi-
ness, about one car-load per week being the usual
average necessary to supply the demands of his trade,
while now the firm handles weekly four times as much.
Two years later, in 1880, the firm name was changed to
B. F. Leighton and Company, Mr. Leighton taking into
partnership with him Mr. Jackson Webster, a man of
energy and experience.
Ever}' article, from the largest to the smallest, from
the wooden clothes-pin to the barrel of flour or the
hogshead of molasses, every form of merchandise kept
by a first-class grocery house, can be found here, and
of prime quality. The firm are agents for such houses as
Washburn, Martin, and Compan}', and also for the Sil-
ver Spray flour, the best family article milled in the
West, which serves to bear out their reputation for
honest and reliable goods. They contribute to the
satisfaction of the tastes of a larg-e conting-ent of a
grocers customers by keeping all of the leading brands
of tobacco and cigars.
It is a well known fact that they ofter every induce-
ment and sell goods at the lowest possible prices. Their
trade is far from being confined to Haverhill, but they
supply the surrounding country as well. They secured
a year ago the services of Mr. Harvey R. Eastman as
salesman, a young man well known and liked by the
trade, and who the firm are satisfied will do all in his
power to make everything pleasant for their customers.
215
J. H. Wir[CJ:|ell ar\d Conqpariy.
What an integral part of the life and prosperity of
Haverhill the shoe business is, has already been told
in this volume, but, perhaps, a elearer idea can be ob-
tained by the ordinary reader from a brief account oi
one manufactory. The illustrations given are of the
shoe manufactory of J. H. Winchell and Company,
a fi r m which
makes an aver-
age out put of
3700 pairs of
shoes, m e n's,
w o m e n's, and
children's, a day.
The Washing-
ton Street factory, which is five stories high, covering
a lot 125 by 40 feet in area, is devoted to the making of
women's and misses' boots and slippers, employs 300
hands, and turns out 2500 pairs of finished shoes each
working da3^
The Phoenix Row factory, four stories high, 65 by 28
feet in dimensions, i^j^jj^namiiBi^^^
turns out men's and
boys' buff, calf, and
Dongola goods, fur-
nishes employment
to one hundred and
seventy-five hands,
and manulkctures
1,200 pairs per diem. In addition, the firm has a
factory at Candia, N. H., which has a daily output of
216
6oo pairs. The tirm makes a specialty of medium and
low tirade ii^oods, and its productions are sold in almost
every large cit}- in the United States, from Belfast in
the East to San Francisco in the West. As may be im-
as^ined from the number of hands employed and the
\ ast amount of ooods manufactured, the establishment
is a great lactor in the industrial life of the city, dis-
tributing as it does, in the various ramiHcations inci-
dent to so large a plant, nearly $7000 a week in wages.
The hrm consists of James H, Winchell and Myron L.
Whitcomb. Mr. Winchell has been in business in the
cit\', most ol the time in the shoe business proper,
for thirty-one \ears and has grown with its growth,
prospered with its prosperity. He is a keen business
man, energetic and far-sighted, quick to seize an oppor-
tunity; and the history of the progress of his business,
from a three stor\- building, 60 by 20, emploving some
seventy-five hands, which he occupied some twelve
years ago, to its present enormous proportions, is but
an epitome of the histor}- of the city itself His career
is but an exemplification of the possibilities atforded in
Haverhill for bright, capable young men to carve out
position and prosperity.
Mr. Myron L. Whitcomb, the junior partner, is a
young man who has been connected with the firm only
two years, but who, by his business ability and shrewd-
ness, promises to become, in the not distant future, one
of Haverhill's most prominent and far-sighted business
men.
The firm manufactures for the jobbing trade in all
parts of the country. The Boston ofiSce is at No.
106 1-2 Summer Street.
217
J. H. LeBosqilet arid Conqpariy.
The above is an exterior view of the old and exten-
sive furniture house of J. H. LeBosquet and Compan}-,
Nos. 68 to 74 Merrimack Street, affording over 18,000
square feet of floor room. From small beginnings in
1852 the business has steadily increased, imtil now
seven times as much space is required. The same
energy, enterprise, and square dealing which gave the
firm their start have continued to characterize them
since, and their goods are their best advertisement.
218
H. L. Dole.
II. L. Dole, jeweler, eame to Haverhill from Hal-
lowell, Maine, in 1865, and commenced business at
No. 4 Merrimack Street, under the iirm name of H. L.
Dole and Co. Twelve years later the firm ceased to
exist, and Mr. Dole became the sole proprietor of the
business, which had steadih increased in xolume from
the first.
In 1H79 Mr. Dole remoxed to his present fine store,
occup\"in£i; the entire first fiat at No. 19 Merrimack
Street. Mr. Dole has an unexcelled reputation, and
his store is frequented b\' persons looking for first class
goods in his line. His establishment is headquarters
for all grades of jewelrN' of the latest and most choice
designs. The display is large and complete of watches,
gold and plated chains, rings, and solid silver and
plated ware of all kinds. Anything that can be found
an^'where in a first class jewehy store can be found at
this popular establishment. ^Ir. Dole emplo3's trust-
worthv clerks, and customers are sure of prompt atten-
tion and polite treatment. The optical department,
under the management of Mr. E. A. Gage, is a new
feature, and spectacles and eye glasses are carefully
adjusted so as to give the greatest possible relief to
weak or defective vision of all kinds. Particular at-
tention is also given to repairing of watches, clocks,
and jewelry, and satisfaction in this line is guaranteed
in ever}' case.
Mr. Dole makes all selections and purchases in
person, and his large experience enables him to select
the best croods, and at the lowest figures.
219
Broods Brothiers.
The well known firm of Brooks Brothers, now the
oldest dry goods house in Haverhill, began business in
1858 at No. 10 Main Street, subsequently moving in
1 86 1 and 1866 as the demands of their increasing busi-
ness or the tendency of trade
suggested. In 1869 they were
compelled, to accommodate
the growing requirements of
the public, to buy a place of
their own, leasing the upper
stories for other purposes. As
time wore on, they needed
these for their own use, and
now occupy all four stories at
No. 20 Merrimack Street, with
an annex in the rear, covering
an area of nearly ten thousand
square feet and }'et have none
too much room. They carr}'
a stock of dress goods, silks,
cloaks, cloakings, domestics,
small wares, and carpets not to be excelled this side of
Boston.
Besides this immense and varied assortment of goods,
which brings the advantages of metropolitan stores
within reach of the citizens of Haverhill, and the large
space which they have come to utilize for its storage
and display, the firm has an abundant force of clerks
and all of its dealings with the public are marked by a
characteristic spirit of courtesy and fair dealing.
220
Jannes BUsfield.
It is evident to e\'en the most casual observer, that
the maniilacture of macliinery is one that requires a na-
ti\e fondness lor mechanical pursuits, a close applica-
tion to detail, and, when done on a large scale, the
command of skilled workmen and extensive facilities.
Mr. Tames Busfield, who succeeded in 1880 the long
established and well known firm of E. Everson, doing
business in Mechanics' Court and engaged in the manu-
facture of shoe machinery, rolling mills, strippers, etc.,
as well as in general repairing of the sort, had the ad-
vantage of the j^lant and the reputation he thus accjuired
and has carried on a successful business ever since. lie
has the innate desire of men who are masters ol their
art to do good work, so that it shall speak well ol" them.
The increase in the number of his customers and
the enlargement of iiis business ha\^e compelled him
latch' to mo\e his establishment to more commodious
and central quarters at No. 66 Phoenix Row.
Mr. Bustieid is himself a thorough machinist, has
none but tirst-class workmen in his emplo}', is able and
ready to exercise o\er them an intelligent supervision,
and is therefore able to do his work at the lowest pos-
sible figures consistent with good workmanship and a
satisfactory job.
In putting up shafting and machinery in the majority
of tiaverhill factories, Mr. Busfield has come in close
contact with our business men; and, from the thorough-
ness of his work and the strict attention he gives to
matters of detail, his business relations with his cus-
tomers have proved more than satisfactory to both
parties.
221
Tl\e HaVGr]:|ill ar[d GroVelarid
Street Railway
Was built in 1877 from Haverhill to Groveland,
three miles, and was equipped with four cars and eight
horses, carr^-ing daily about four hundred passengers.
Its capital stock was $24,000. It has grown since
until now it owns thirty-eight cars and eighty-five
horses, with fourteen miles of track, carries daily about
twenty-five hundred people, and has a capital stock of
$144,000. The immediate management of the road is
in the hands of a number of Haverhill's representative
business men, as follows: Directors, Hon. Levi Tay-
lor, Ira O. Sawyer, William FI. Smiley, Ira A. Abbott,
John A. Gale, John A. Colby, Philip C. Swett; presi-
dent, Ira O. Sawyer; clerk and treasurer, John A. Colb}-.
The offices of the compan}' are situated in the build-
ing;' shown in the above cut at the foot of Main Street.
222
Fred G. Riclnards,
At the atj^c of twenty-one Mr. Richards entered the
stable business in partnership with his father, who had
boui^lit in ICS56 what is now the oldest stable stand in
the cit}', it ha\ino- been used for that purpose over
eighty Nears. Here can be found an\thing- from a tallx-
ho coach to a saddle-horse, barges, hacks, carriages, of
all sorts, and accommodations for a hundred horses.
The facilities for boarding and for transient trade are
unusualh good. There is a pleasant waiting-room lor
ladies, a good office, a harness-room, and wash-room
connected, all heated by hot water. The stable is never
closed, so that an order, by telephone or in person,
never fails of attention da\' or night. Conveniences for
hot and cold water, electric bells, electric lights, and
telephone combine with the other facilities to make the
business the largest in this line and the most complete
in this part of the state.
Mr. Richards has not limited his enterprise to the
stable business alone, but in 1886 he formed a co-part-
nership with Mr. G. II. Dole, under the name of
Richards and Dole, and bought out the old and well
known undertaking establishment of J. II. Cummings.
Mr. Dole was brought up an undertaker, serving 3'ears
at the trade, as his father before him pursued it, so that he
united a peculiar titness for the business with Mr.
Richards' extensive livery. The firm have added new
equipments and all the modern conveniences, and have
obtained a large business and a good reputation not
only in Haverhill but in the surrounding country, in
which thev have many patrons.
223
Tl\e Haverl]!!! Natior[al BariK,
Succeeded in 1864 the Haverhill Bank, which was
incorporated in 1836. In 1882 it moved into its present
elegant rooms in the Masonic Building, fitted up ex-
pressly ior its use. Besides the greater room needed
for its large and increasing business, it has obtained fire
and burglar proof vaults, constructed in the ver}' best
manner known
to science, and
which afibrd ab-
solute security.
The bank's capi-
tal is $200,000,
surplus fund,
$r 00,000, un-
d i V i d e d profits
about $25,000.
T h e manage-
ment means that
a liberal spirit of
a c commodation
and a courteous
and kindly attention in its dealings with the public shall
characterize this bank. The officers are: President, A.
Washington Chase; vice-president, John E. Gale;
cashier, Benjamin I. Page; directors, A. Washington
Chase, Amos W. Downing, Daniel Fitts, John E. Gale,
George A. Kimball, John J. Marsh, Eben Mitchell,
Thomas S. Ruddock, Thomas Sanders. The uniformly
prosperous course of the bank in the past afibrds
reasonable and trustworth}- assurance of its continued
success in the future.
224
E. W, Goiild
"All llcsh is trrjiss " and all the clothin;^ worn by ci\i-
li/cd man becomes in time discolored and soiled. It
was the recognition ol' this tact that rirst induced Mr.
K. W. Gould, proprietor ot' the Bay State Dyeing and
Cleansing Works at 140 Merrimack Street to open his
establishment and to ask for the patronage ot' lla\er-
hilTs citizens. Mr. Gould had been in the business tor
many \ears in the neighboring cit\ ot Lawrence, but
recognized the superior ad\ antages otiered in Ha\erhill,
where, owing to the tact that in these days, when the
shades and colors can scarcely be enumerated, and
when the inexorable rule ot lashion permits a shade to
be popular but one season, the ser\ ices ot' a practical
dyer are necessary to almost e\er\" t'amih', he has ob-
tained a large and constantly increasing patronage, a
patronage which has compelled him to add all the mod-
ern improyements to his establishment, thereby greatly
increasing his lacilities lor tine work.
It has always been a boast with the establishment,
and one reason tor its success, that only the best oldyes
and chemicals are used and that an experience ot thirty-
tiye years of practical work enables it to guarantee
its dyeing and cleansing to be equal to that done in the
best establishment to be found in the country; and how
indeed could it be otherwise, w^ith Mr. Gould with his
thirty-tiye years of experience at the head of the con-
cern, and employing only the best and most caretul
workmen, under his immediate superyision, in all the
ramitications of his business? To haye dresses dyed or
clothes cleaned by him is to haye them renoyated,
made as good as new.
225
Hoyt arid Taylor.
The tirm of Hoyt and Taylor, well and la\'orably
known in Haverhill, eonsisting of Levi Taylor and
Everett Hoyt, began business ten years ago, August 6,
1879. They carry on a very extensive business, both
wholesale and retail, in doors, windows, blinds, mould-
ings, hard wood, fancy lumber, glass, putty, builders'
hardware, fancy hardware,
sewer pipe, paints, oils, etc.
They occupy the store at
No. 152 Merrimack Street,
with the building in its rear,
besides storehouses, etc., the
whole comprising some
thirty thousand feet of floor-
ing. They aim to carry in
stock everything usually
kept in a large and flrst-
class hardware store or re-
quired by the needs of
carpenters and builders.
The opportunities afforded
by this large stock and close attention to business have
combined to increase a business at first local by a large
out-of-town trade, supplying builders' material from
Maine to Connecticut.
The firm has abundant capital at its command as
occasion requires, possesses an energetic and sagacious
business spirit, and is likely to still farther advance its
success. Attentive and courteous in their dealings with
customers, its members have obtained the reward that
naturally follows.
226
Ellis arid Coririor.
The linn ot' Kllis and Connor, which is composed of
Charles A. Kllis and John II. Connor, sj^eneral partners,
and Dudley Porter, sj~)ecial partner succeeded in April,
1887, to the machine sewed business of Goodrich and
' Porter which latter firm had for years ranked as one of
the most substantial and heaviest firms of the city. Their
successors are youni^ and enterprising- men wIk; seem
destined to keep up the hi^h reputation achie\ed bv
their predecessors. The specialties of the tirm are
ii^lazed Don^ola button boots in McKay, hand sewed,
and (Toodyear welt, and they are sold by the case to the
jobbing trade of the countrx' from Portland, Maine, on
the East, to Portland, Oregon, on the West. The goods
manufactured by them ha\e the best reputation for
style and quality. Indeed they are IIa\erhill shoes in
the highest sense of the word, which is synonymous
with the statement that in all that tends to make per-
fect footwear they are well nigh unsurpassable.
Their production amounts to four thousand cases,
thirty-six pairs in each, per annum, of high grade goods,
and this is bv no means their limit, as they are steadily
pushing onward and their facilities are of the very best,
their I'actorv being fitted with all the latest machinery
so that all orders are filled with the utmost promptness
and dispatch. Their trade mark, E. & C, can be found
stamped on shoes for sale in nearly, if not quite, every
city in this great country, and when Ibund it is but an-
other advertisement for the city to which this book is
devoted, since it is a certain testimony to the skill of its
workmen, the judgment and enterprise of its manufact-
urers, and the reliability and beauty of their products.
227
W, F, arid J. R. Bla^e.
The business of the above firm was established
some ten years ago by Mr. Wilbur F. Blake, who, in
1885, associated with him his brother, J. Albert Blake,
under the present firm name. They have several
times, by their increasing business, been forced to
change to more commodious quarters, and now occupy
the entire building shown in the cut, erected by Elijah
Fox, and known as the Fox Block. The buildinsf
itself, one of the most solidly constructed blocks in the
;;,j'#"'^''' '''''" ■■■,"■"'■"■-,, '^ity, is, without
doubt, the best
equipped and best
lighted factory in
Ilaverhill.
This firm em-
jploys about two
'hundred of the
best skilled opera-
jtives in the cit}',
on the hitrher
CD
i^^^*l4 grades of machine
^^1 and hand sewed
1P» shoes, both in
turns and welts.
They make the largest number of pairs of fine shoes
made by any one factory in Haverhill.
Messrs. Blake control the product of two large fac-
tories, one in Calais, Me., known as the St. Croix Shoe
Company, under the eflTicient management of Mr. W.
C. Renne, and a factory at Winstead, Conn. Their
Boston office is at 22 High Street.
'"IHIIIlMMIlllHIIUIIIIillUUIIIIIIllllli|ll|{lllllill|||li|lll{lll|ll':
228
Jarries C, Bates.
One of tlic best establishments in the city is
tliat of Janies C Bates, jeweler, 79 Merrimack
Street. Mr. Bates is a native of New Bedford but
took up his residence in this city in 1865, where he
entered the employ of Kimball and Gould, in which
establishment he remained as cmplo\'ee and partner
until he entered into business for himself April 27,
1S79, ]'^)r fifteen 3ears Mr. Bates worked at the
bene h a s a
watc h-m a k e r.
and the thorough
k n o w 1 e d i^'e of
the business
thus accpiired
has stood him in
stead since he
started business
lor liimself. His
e s t a b 1 i shment
contains all the
goods that are
u s u a 1 1 \" to be
ibund in one ot
its kind, while the taste and thoroug-h knowledire of
the proprietor have been instrumental in building up a
large and constantly increasing trade, a trade so large
that live workmen are constantly employed in at-
tending to its demands. His success is but another
proof of the possibilities which lie before an\' man in
this country who is not afraid to work and who thor-
oughly acquaints himself with his profession.
229
Islarjd StocK Farn).
Northern Massachusetts is hardly the ideal place
for the establishment of a stock farm. The long severe
winters, the variable climate, the herbage itself will
hardl}' compare fa^■orably with that of California or
Kentucky. And yet there are stock farms, and good
ones, in Massachusetts, farms where some of the best
bred and fastest specimens of the trotting horse, at
once the pride and enjoyment of the American people,
can be found. The little town of Bradford lies on the
southern bank of the beautiful Merrimack, just across
from Haverhill and it is in this little town that Island
Stock Farm, the property of Colonel H. H. Hale, is
located. The farm is beautifully situated, the barns
and farm house being in close proximit}- to the river,
and in fact derives its name from a large island on the
Merrimack used for pasturage purposes. The farm is
divided into several sections and contains, in all, some
eight hundred acres, under the general direction of Mr.
H. L. Burpee, a practical Vermont bred farmer, as
superintendent. Island Stock Farm proper contains
about two hundred and fifty acres, and on it is situated
as fine a collection of stables as can be found on an}'
farm of its kind east of Kentucky, and it is here that
the trotting stock is kept, the remaining sections being
devoted to cattle, pigs, sheep, and hens, all of the finest
breeds and carefully selected. The farm itself is under
the highest state of cultivation, and the crops are so ex-
tensive, that, despite the enormous outlay incurred by
the proprietor, it is practically self-sustaining.
At the head of the stud is Warder, by Belmont,
dam Waterwitch by Pilot Jr., making him an own
230
brother to Vikinij^. Warder is a bright golden ehest-
nut, five years oltl and possessed of a world of speed,
whieh he will be, undoubtedly, given a ehanee to show
under the skilful handling of Mr. Byron G. Kimball,
the effieient trainer of Col. Male's stock, and will be-
come standard b\- performance as well as descent.
Warder, although the premier, is by no means the
onl\' stallion at the farm, for diN'idinof the honors with
him is Hudson, a four year old bay stallion sired by
Kentuck\- Prince, dam by Rysdyk's Hambletonian.
Hudson is a big rangy fellow of much substance and
power, and while nexer trained shows much promise.
Bradford Lambert (2.39 1-4), by Addison Lambert,
dam G>'p by Redpath, and Comet, by Winthrop Morrill,
dam b\- Champion Morrill, record 2.40 1-4 as a four
year old, are the other trotting stallions. There is also
an imported Percheron stallion. Major Dome, whose
harem consists ol' three imported Percheron mares,
average weight 1700 pcnuuls, and six grade Perch-
erons, the axerage weight of which is 1500 pounds.
There are some twent}' brood mares on the farm, in-
cludino- such o^ilt ed^'ed matrons as Silversheen, bv
Grand Sentinel, dam Peru Belle, an own sister to
Strategist, in foal to Warder; Ada Wilkes, by PLim-
bletonian Wilkes, dam the dam of Mambrino Sparkle,
in foal to Sultan ; Madam Brodhead, by Indianapolis,
dam Mollv by ?^Lagna Charta; Belvidere, by Mambrino
Patchen; Kantaka, by Bay State; Lilly Wilkes, by
Mambrino Wilkes; Oak Maid, by iVlmont Eclipse;
Wilkesetta,by Young Jim, etc. The list might be pro-
longed indefinitely, but enough have been mentioned
to show that Colonel Hale is breediuii- onlv to the best
and most fashionable strains.
231
T]noiT|as H, Bailey.
This pharmacy, located at 23 Merrimack Street,
was founded h\ Mr. Georo^e A. Kimball in 1849, and
carries
on
the largest
p r e sc ri p-
tion busi-
ness in the
cit}-. The
]") r e s c r i p-
tion num-
ber of this
e s t a b 1 i s h-
m e n t t o-
d a V reads
^ 5 < upwards of
^'■^ 150,00 o,
which does
not include
duplicates;
had these
been num-
bered, the
fi g u r e s
would read
4 5 0,0 o o.
Over 400,-
000 of these
p r e s c r i p-
tions ha\e been prepared since Mr. l^aile}' became
identitied with this branch of the business, and he
points with pride to this magnificent record.
232
Floyd and Pea body.
Messrs. Fl()\d and Pcah()d\' arc \oung% energetic
men who were brought up in the clothing business,
and who arc thoroughlN' acquainted with the demands
and ncc-ds ol" the retail trade in their line. The ready
made clothing business has, of late vears, assumed for-
midable proportions, and has made \ast inroads into
the field of patronage formcrh' held cxclusiveh' bv the
custom tailor. 'fo-da\' a retail clothier in anv large
cit\ has to keep in stock goods which, for excellence
oi material, st\le ot workmanship, fit, and general ap-
pearance, cannot be surpassed, at the price, b\' any
first class tailor. There is a large and constantly in-
creasino- circle of what is known as the "nobby" trade.
But in a city like Ha\erhill, the metropolis of a large
suburban area, there is still another class to be catered
to, a class which demand only good articles at reason-
able prices and wlio arc not so particular as to style.
Moreoyer, children at the present da}' are almost inya-
riably clothed h\ a retail clothier, and the style of their
garments is constantly changing, while, to stand the
wear and tear to which they are put, only the finest
and most substantial cloth can be used. Since their
business career commenced, oyer fiye \'ears ago, the
subjects of this sketch haye been indefatigable in cater-
ing not only to all these branches of their trade but
also to f'urnishino- o-oods and all the minor details of a
patronage which is constantly increasing and which has
impelled them to add vastly to their (from the begin-
ning) laroe and commodious store. They have at-
tained the confidence of the public, and will keep it.
Their place of business is at 84 and 86 Merrimack Street.
J, H. SayWard.
The Up Town Hardware Store, of which J. II. Say-
ward is the proprietor, was established in 1883.
At that time the growth of the city on Mount
Washington and vicinity seemed to him to warrant the
opening of a store up town, and his judgment proved to
be correct. His business has increased to such an extent
that where only one man was employed during the first
two years, he now employs three besides his book-
keeper. His floor surface is far too small to show up the
line of goods he carries in as convenient and pleasing
a manner as he would like,
although he has kept adding
to it from time to time as
his business would allow,
until at the present time he
occupies 4300 square feet
of salesroom supplied with
all the modern conveni-
ences of the present day.
His greatest specialty is
fishing tackle, and it is con-
ceded by all, that his store
is headquarters for anything
in that line.
He also carries a full line of builders"' and general
hardware, farmers' and mechanics' supplies, paints and
oils, glass and putty, and everything usually found in a
first class hardware store; and he has shown by his
push and energy, b}- a strict attention to business, and
by keeping pace with the times, that he merits and has
received a generous share of patronage.
234
T1]G Per(tiicKet Variable Stitch[
Sewirig Mactii^e.
The Pcntuckct Variable Stitch Sewino- Machine is
a Ha\crhill iiiNcntion, and is owned and controlled
almost cntireK In llaxerhill capital. By its means the
possibilities of execution of the sewing machine have
been larirely increased, since it does easily and com-
pletely a class of work which, up to the time of its in-
vention, was done entirely b\' hand. The machine is a
mar\ el of siniplicit\ . and is constructed according to
the most improved methods known in the art of sewing
machine manufacture. All the parts are interchangea-
ble and are made of the best material in the best possi-
manncr. No other sewing machine can compete with
it in the bcaut\' and excellence of the class of work
produced, and an ordinary sewing machine operator
can, with a few hours" practice, run it, and can close-
1\ imitate all the fuicN' stitches now made by hand. It
will make thousands of fancy stitches without attach-
ments, and a change from one stitch to another can be
made instantlv while the machine is in motion if
desired. It will make a lock-stitch which will not
ravel, and silk, linen, cotton thread, or floss of any size
can be used. Moreover, the machine works equallv
well on non-elastic or elastic fabrics, and boots and shoes,
corsets, gloves, etc., can be feather or fancy stitched
with the greatest ease. As may be seen, the machine
tills a long telt want, and its success is not surprising.
Mr. William H. Smiley is the president of the cor-
poration, Charles Howard Poor, secretary, and the
home office is in Flaverhill.
235
Har[SCorr[ Brottiers.
Haverhill is the eenter of a large agrieiiltural terri-
tory, and the firm of Hanseom Brothers has thriven b}'
attention to its wants. The firm, then consisting of M.
W. and W. A. Hanseom, bought out in 1865 the long-
established firm of Paul and Farrington and has since
that time been located at No. 30 Main Street, on the
same spot, although a new
buildino- has been erected
during that time lor their
occupancv. Their stock
comprises paints, oils, hard-
ware, agricultural imple-
ments, seeds, etc. Their
trade embraces not onl}- a
large part of northern Essex
but also nearly all of Rock-
ingham Count}' in New
Hampshire, and it is no un-
common thing during the
spring and summer to see
the street in front of their
store crowded with the wagons of farmers who have
come from ten to thirty miles for the purpose of deal-
in£r with Hanseom Brothers. Durino- the first ten vears
a close attention to business, a keen observation, and a
careful consideration of the wants of their trade reaped
their natural and legitimate fruit in a five-fold increase
of their business, and the growth since has been in the
same proportion, steady and constant. The firm now
consists of M. W. and J. A. Hanseom.
236
C, T. Weaver.
Although Haverhill is one of the healthiest cities in
that most health}' state, Massachusetts, vet " the wages
of sin is death,*" and no elixir has, as vet, been discov-
ered which will a\ert ine\ itable decay and death.
Since this is so, and the last sad rites of respect must
be paid to our departed ere they return to the dust
from whence the\- sprang, that cit\- is indeed fortunate
which can command the ser\ ices of a competent
undertaker and funeral director; and such, there can be
no question, Mr. Carlos T. Wea\ er is. lie is thor-
oughly \ersed in all the details of his profession, has
had years ot experience and careful instruction in all
its branches, and, moreover, carries a large and com-
plete line of caskets, coffins, robes, etc. 1 1 is business
attained its present proportions onl\- alter Ncars of
steady industr\ and personal attention, for it is a busi-
ness as susceptible of growth as an\- other, and the
qualitications required for success are as great ii' not
greater than in uny other.
The confidence of his clients must be gained, con-
fidence in his skill as well as honest\', and this con-
fidence Mr. Weaver has acquired. Haverhill people
feel the assurance, that, when his services are required,
they will receive just what they want; that the same
attention will be paid to the poor as to the rich, and
that only in the minor details will the ditierence be
perceptible; and his perfect tact, his svmpathv, and
attention are at the service of all alike. Both his
office and house are connected bv telephone, and calls
at any hour of the day and night will receive immedi-
ate attention. Plis warerooms are at 34 Main Street.
237
LeBosqilet Brotl^Grs.
The business established b\- C. B. LeBosquet in
1743 has never been out of the family and has come to
be regarded as one of the fixtures of Haverhill. It has
remained in its present location. No. 20 Main Street,
for sixtv years. The present building was erected b}'
C. B. LeBosquet, jr., in 1861. LeBosquet Brothers car-
rv on a o-eneral stove, plumbino, furnace, and steam heat-
i n g busi-
ness. Thev
m a n u fa c -
ture a low
pressure
steam heat-
ing appara-
tus, which
h a s bee n
successfully
i n troduced
into a large
number of
stores, pub-
lic build-
i n g s , an d
private residences, and which has given great satisfac-
tion. In this branch they are wholesalers and retailers,
with an office at No. 82 Union Street in Boston. They
are ao-ents for the Hub rano-e, and for the Adams and
Westlake non-explosive oil stoves, and carr}' on a large
business in gas fixtures and minor articles of trade.
They devote especial care to plumbing, employing
only the most expert workmen.
238
Tt]G flcadenqy of Miisic,
Of which J. F. West is the lessee and manager,
and A. A. Inoersoll treasurer, was erected in 1883, and
opened to the public on Wednesday evening, Septem-
ber 17, 1885, the opening attraction being the Bos-
ton Symphony Orchestra, and an address by Prof. J.
W. Churchill of Ando\er. On the afternoon of Juh' 7,
1888, it was totall\' destroyed by hre. The work of
rebuilding was commenced at once, and in seventeen
weeks, on Monday e^•ening, November 12, 1888, it was
rededicated by the Redmund and J^arry Dramatic
Companw who appeared in " I li'iminie. or the Cross of
(jold." In lebuilding. many improvements and altera-
tions were made, making it one of the best appointed
theaters in New England. The seating capacit\ is
1600; proscenium opening, height 41 feet, width 13:^
feet; depth of stage, 40 feet; width wall to wall, 67
feet; height to ti\ gallery. 26 leet; width between tl^•
rails, 42 feet; height to rigging loft 55 feet; height of
grooves 20 feet. There are three working drops, and
thirteen sets of scener^•, painted b\- the well known
scenic artist, L. W. Seary. of New York.
The theater is admirably situated, securinof eleven
exits opening into four streets, the largest audience being
able to pass out in three minutes.
Ten months of the year the theater is open, pre-
senting in rapid succession all the leading attractions,
consistino- of the New York and Boston successes, the
leading stars, the great spectacular dramas. Music is
not neglected, operas, both the grand and comic, often
appearing, the management being ahvays desirous to
cater to all the tastes of the amusement loving public.
239
Geo. H, Carletor] arid Corripariy.
The house of (jeorge H. Carleton and Company
was established in i86(S, under the style of Johnson and
Carleton, for the manufacture of ladies' calf and buff
shoes. In 1878, Mr. Johnson withdrew from the firm,
leaving the business to be continued by Mr. Carleton
i% . ,,, at the old stand.
In 1880 he re-
mo\ed to his new
factory, No. 72
Win gate Street,
w h e r e h e w a s
burned out in the
great tire of Feb-
ruary 17, 1882.
The factory was
immediately re-
built and occupied
i n July of that
}• e a r; I n 1 884
George B. Case
became a member
. „vt«w.-'-«' of the house,
which, under the name of George H. Carleton and
Company, has continued the manufacture of ladies' calf
unlined and buff shoes for Southern and Western trade
to the present time.
This house has always been careful to keep up the
qua]it\' of its goods, rarely losing a customer, has
built up a large and increasing trade, and maintains an
excellent reputation as one of Hayerhill's representa-
tiye firms.
240
Jolnn McMillan.
John McMillan came to Haverhill irom Boston in
March, i(S85,and opened an establishment on the upper
floor of the Academy of Music. He commenced in
an humble \va\', emplovini;- three hands and doinu- but
little business. He paid strict attention to his work,
however, and ^^^radually increased his force, until at the
present time he o^i\es constant employment to se\enteen
hands while his business has grown to \"ery large pro-
portions. His tirst (piarters soon grew too narrow, and
he was obli^'cd to move his show and cutting rooms to
the lower story, still retaining his former rooms as
work-rooms. His present parlors are among the finest
in the state, while he carries a full line of cloths such as
are usually sold by the best merchant tailors. Mr.
McMillan is a good example of his fellows-craftsmen
in the citv, and his success in establishing so large a busi-
ness so soon testifies to the character of his work.
241
Th[e HaVerl]ill Hat Corripariy.
The ll;i\crhill Hat Company was incorporated in
nSyi, haNini;- a jiaid up capital ot" littv tliousand dollars,
with Ebcn Mitchell as president and Charles Butters
treasurer. At the present time and for the last decade
the factory has been running exclusively on orders.
While our predecessors were successful manufac-
turers, the goods made by them would have but small
a sales to-dav.
Some four or
five colors and
perhaps twenty
or thirt\' st3'les
were all that was
then required.
Now twenty or
more colors and
two hundred and
fifty difi'erent
styles are made
up for every sale.
The Haverhill
Hat Company have a wide reputation lor their superior
colors, acknowledged by dealers to be excelled by no
other manufacturer. A specialty during the months of
summer and autumn is a line of ladies' and misses' felts.
The goods are so well known by the millinery trade
throughout the country that the demand is always
greater then the supply. In the ofiice of the company
hangs the certificate awarded by the International Ex-
hibition at Philadelphia in 1876.
242
Tl^ree Taylors,
Ab()^•L' is presented a \ iew ol' the interior of the
clothing house of Three Taylors, 73 and 75 Merrimack
Street. The business of this tirm, tirst established
nearly a hall century ago b\- the now senior member
of the tirm, the Hon. Le\i Taxlor, has constantly arown.
From time to time small stores have been gi\en up and
larger ones taken to meet the increasing demand for
well made clothing, until they now occup\' one of the
largest stores in Essex Count\', containing about six-
thousand feet of floor room. Persons visiting- the citv
should not fail to look through this establishment, where
may be found a large assortment of gentlemen's cloth-
ing and furnishing goods, suited to the various seasons
of our climate and in sizes from the small boNs' suit up
to that which will tit the extra stout and tall man.
243
Gardrier Broth[Grs.
In 1869 Gardner Brothers (E. W. and S. P. Gardner)
began the nianufaeture of hidies' serge shoes in a fac-
tory on Washington Square, succeeding the hrm of J.
Gardner and Sons, which had been in business in Haver-
hill since 1845, The tirm name is unchanged, though
Mr. E. W. Gardner has been succeeded b}- Mr. John
H. Thomas, who had been for twenty years superinten-
dent of the factory.
Six years ago
the firm built a
large and commo-
dious factory, Nos.
_^ cS - 4 4 Granite
Street, to which
the business was
remo\ed, and here
all of the manufac-
turing is now done,
a part of which,
after the fashion of
other days, was
once done in the
country. Gardner
Ihothers emplo\' about a hundred and fifty hands, and
make annually about a quarter of a million pairs of
shoes, — men's calf and bufi' buttons, balmorals, and
congress, ladies' kid. Dongola, gloye grain, buttons and
Polish. They manufacture medium grades, all lor the
Southern and Southwestern trade, which command a
ready and constant sale. The Boston office is at No.
115 Summer Street.
244
W. B. Thjorri and Corripany.
Anionic the inipcjrtiint industries of the city, and
second only to tlie shoe business, is the manufacture of
hats, of which the extensive factory of W. B. Thorn
and Company is tlie hirirest. The plant is situated on
River Street, a few hundred yards west of the Boston
and Maine Railway station, occupying a lot of two hun-
ch ed and eight}' feet front and running back to the river.
Tlie plant now comprises live buildings, containing col-
lecti\ely about 32,000 leet of floors, engine-house,
boiler-house, store-houses, etc.
The capacity of the original factory was about
seventy dozen wool hats per day. The present plant,
when in lull operation, can turn out four hundred dozen
per day, of every variety of fur and wool hats, for men's,
ladies', and children's wear. They emplov about five
hundred hands when in full operation, w^ith a pay-roll
of nearly five thousand dollars per w^eek.
245
T. S. RuddocK arid Sor|.
The senior member of the tirm, Mr. Thomas S.
Ruddock, began in 1858 in West Newbury, tive miles
from Haverhill, the manufacture of men's and women's
machine and women's hand sewed slippers. In the
spring of 1884 his factory was burned and he came to
Haverhill, establishing himself here at 23 and 25 Essex
Street. In the fall of that year he associated with him-
self his son, Mr. Austin E. Ruddock, under the name of
T. S. Ruddock and Son.
After cominsr to Haverhill the business cauirht the
impetus of its surroundings and grew apace, so that in
October, 1888, the firm moved again, this time to 130
Washington Street, in order to obtain more room.
This factorv alreadv, in less than a year, has proved too
small, and it is now in contemplation to add another
story to accommodate increased demands, although the
firm's facilities were greatly enlarged and increased by
the change.
Ruddock and Son manufacture men's, women's,
and misses' hand and machine sewed shoes and slip-
pers. They are sold exclusively to the jobbing trade,
and find a market in all parts of the countr}', in New
England as well as in the South and West.
The long experience of the senior partner in the
manufacture of shoes, extending over thirty years, has
amply qualified him for the successful management of
a large business. His son has grown up with it, and
the firm, with the present enlarged facilities and the
prospect of more, lacks nothing, apparently, needed for
even a more successl\il continuance. The firm's Bos-
ton ofiice is at 112 Summer Street.
246
Hazeri B, Goodricln aqd Conqpariy.
This llrm began business in April, 1887, at 72
Washington Street, the senior partner having been for
some years a member of the well known and long es-
tablished firm of Goodrich and Porter. . The junior
partner, Mr. Frank [. l^radley, was admitted to the
tirm in July, 1889.
Goodrich and Company manufacture a line of
women's hand turned button boots, low-cut shoes, and
a Goodyear welt, e.\elusi\'ely for the jobbing trade, and
a large and varied line of men's and women's shoes and
slippers for the finest retail trade. They also manufac-
ture a patented shoe, which is a hand turned shoe with
an extension edge that gives it the appearance of a welt
sewed shoe. Their goods include all sorts of Dongola,
ooze calf, goat, alligator, plush, embroidered goods, etc.
They occupy a hre-proof factory, spacious, well
lighted, fitted with all the conveniences exacted by the
modern methods of shoe manufacturing, and their facili-
ties are thus unsurpassed. The results are seen in the
products of the factory, which have a reputation for
unequalled excellence, completeness, beauty of finish
and wearing qualities. The}' find a ready market in all
sections of the country from Maine to Florida, having
a large sale in California and Texas. They amply
justify the reputation which Haverhill has gained for
the manufacture of the best class of goods.
Mr. Goodrich's long experience in the making and
selling of this class of goods has given him a peculiar fit-
ness for it, and Mr. Bradley's energy and acquaintance
with the trade assist the firm to command success.
247
First Natiorial BariK,
Was organized as the Union Bank in 1849 with a
capital of $100,000, increased in 1885 to $150,000, and
in 18^7 to $200,000. It was re-organized in 1864 as
the First National Bank, and in 1870 a stock dividend
of 25 per cent was declared and its capital increased to
$300,000. Its surplus fund is $120,000, and its un-
divided profits
$20,458. Its
aim, to supply
the wants of
the business
men of Haver-
hill, as demon-
strated by the
increase of
capital as oc-
casion requir-
ed, is still the
policy of the
present man-
Its
agement.
officers are: President, George Cogswell; cashier, E. G.
Wood; directors, George Cogswell, Levi Taylor,
Samuel Laubham, R. Stuart Chase, S. Porter Gardner,
Charles C. Griffin, S. H. Gale, James H. Durgin, E. G.
Wood.
For many years the bank was located on Merri-
mack Street, but with the growth of the city westward,
a site, was purchased on Washington Street and a sub-
stantial brick building erected, in which the bank occu-
pies handsomely furnished rooms.
24S
G. W, Petterigill.
Although the character of a place like Haverhill
has suffered marked changes in the course of years, and
although the \illage which was once the market place
for a wide circuit of surrounding country has now
many ri\als that divide its commerce, 3'et some of its
characteristics remain unchanged and it is still a
natural center lor trade and exchange in agricultural
products, though mauN' ol these at the present time are
imported from a distance, instead of being grown, as
was the custom lormerly, in the immediate vicinity of
Haverhill.
Conspicuous among the large dealers in ha}', all
sorts of grain, and straw, is Mr. G. W. Pettengill, who
succeeded in |ul\, 1SS4, to a business pursued b}' Mr.
E. G. Chenc}-, and whose place of business is at Nos.
34 and 36 Fleet Street, at wdiat is known as the "old
Hunkins stand," where for many years back a lively
trade in hay and grain has been carried on. On this
spot Mr. Pettengill has remained, continuing the old
traditions, doing a large business, averaging over sixty
thousand dollars' worth a year, more than three times
its volume during the first year, and steadil}' increasing.
His ha\' he ships from Maine, New^ Hampshire, and
Canada; his grain he brings from the West; his straw
from New York state. He uses w^eekl}' a car-load of
oats and of meal, more than a car-load a w^eek of hay
and straW' , and a car-load of corn ever}' tw^o or three
weeks.
Mr. Pettengill is a Haverhill man born and bred,
popular, energetic, ambitious, and deserves the success
he has attained.
249
Tt[G Ptioeriix Drilg Store,
Of which Messrs. Frank E. Pollard and Frank E.
Watson are proprietors, had its origin in the fall ol
1879, when it was rather sneeringly remarked that
some insane persons were to open a drug store at the
corner of Washington Street and Washington Square,
with predictions not very flattering to the young men
who were undertaking the enterprise. They were
meeting with success, however, when the great Are of
the spring of 1882 swept away their store and stock.
The store was rebuilt, however, and its present name,
"The Phoenix Drug Store," arose from that event.
The retail department is located on the corner of
IlaverhilTs main business thoroughfare, in a large,
commodious, and well lighted store. Special attention
is paid to the courteous reception of trade.
To the strict attention and personal supervision
exercised in the prescription department has been due
the marked increase in this branch, which now requires
the attention of three experienced pharmacists. The
soda and mineral water business has been developed to
its present condition by their eflbrts, they being the first
to introduce the Saratoga mineral waters here.
Dermicure, a lotion for the skin, and the Eastern
Milk Remedy, known to be successful in the treatment
of rheumatism, are manufactured by this firm. They
also manufacture fruit juices for soda fountain use by
their own peculiar method, which they hold as a secret.
These juices, orange in particular, have a reputation
that sells them in nearly all parts of the United States.
Their laboratory contains the newest machinery and
employs the most approved methods.
250
HUriKiris ar|d Wildes.
It is characteristic of Haverhill, and of Haverhill's
methods and business, that nr) man need feel that he
must fail in lilb for lack of an opportunity or on account
ol'his youth. No axcnuc of success is shut to him for
these reasons, and, therctore, the enormous airsreirate
output ot' boots and shoes annuall}' sent out from
Haverhill is not the product of one or several gitrantic
factories or lar^-c corporations, but represents a total of
H'oods made b\' se\ eral hundred lirms, larger and
smaller, whose number is e\ er\' now and then increased
by men of experience who ha\e decided to lea\e the
factories of others and strike out for themselves.
vSuch tirms as that of Hunkins and Wildes, though
each member had been in business for himself before
this partnership was formed, represent this tendency in
HaNerhilTs chief business.
Familiar from youth with the manufacture of shoes,
both bring to this comparatively recent association the
cpialilications for success in long acquaintance with manu-
facturing processes, and a personal skill in using them.
The senior partner, Mr. Warren C. Hunkins, had been
for some \ears a member of the firm of J. B. Sw^ett's
Sons, wdiile the junior member, Mr. E. J. Wildes, had
been in business alone since 1883.
The}' tbrmed the present partnership in October,
1888, and established themselves at 25 and 27 Railroad
Square. They make a general line of men's, w^omen's,
and bovs' tine and medium hand sew^ed shoes and slip-
pers, making a specialty of hand sewed goods and of
hand work in distinction from machine work. They
are constantl}' adding new styles and combinations.
251
Ctiarles Erxiersor) Gr\d Sor[S.
It is not unreasonable to suppose that the character-
istics of a city's stores represent, in part at least, the
characteristics of its inhabitants, and it is with pride,
therefore, that Haverhill's citizens reflect that in Emer-
son's Bazaar they possess probably the linest store of
the sort in New England and that the}' can tind in its
stock anything adapted to their varied tastes that could
be got in a metropolitan establishment.
The firm deals in china and all sorts of ware, — glass,
earthen, silver-plated, in cutler}- and kerosene goods, in
fancy articles and toys, and housekeeping utensils in
general. They are in direct connection with the large
potters of the Old World — Haviland, Wedgwood,
Minton, Copeland — and there is no sort of ware, Amer-
ican or foreign, that they do not have in stock, or can
not furnish at short notice.
The}' do a very large importing and jobbing busi-
ness in addition to their extensive retail trade.
252
SiIrririGr arid Chjaridler.
Among the most cntcrprisin<^ and progressive of
the many Hve firms connected with the shoe and
leather trade, this firm occupies a high rank in the
business world.
The partners, James S. Sumner and Charles W.
Chandler, are men of extended and varied experience
in the leather trade and manufacture of bottom stock
lor boots and shoes.
The firm as at present constituted began business
two 3'ears ago, since which time their energy and en-
terprise have borne the fruit of a steady growth in their
business, which now takes rank among the most exten-
si\'e in their line; and their present factor}', though
double the size of the one occupied (jne 3'ear ago, is
crowded to its full capacit}', and the firm are already
contemplating a still larger increase of facilities in the
near i'uture.
The firm's specialty is the manufacture of a full
line of bottom stock for boots and shoes, and the
product of the factor}- is meeting with much favor
where\'er boots and shoes are made. The}- are the
only concern in the cit}' manufacturing fine moulded
counters; in this, as in many other things, they show
their quick appreciation of the needs of the home as
well as foreign trade. The thorough practical training
of the members of the firm is shown in every depart-
ment of their factory. This fact, coupled with skilled
employees, improved machiner}', and the best of raw
material, gives a product which is a credit to the firm
and which meets with fa\or in the trade as shown by
their increasing sales.
253
Fred. W. Peabody.
Mr. Peabody started in business as a music dealer
in a small way on Water Street four years ago, but
shortly afterwards bought out Mr. Orin W. Tasker's
old stand at 208 Merrimack Street, which was the
oldest, largest, and best stand in the city, the store
having been built h\ Mr. Tasker expressly for the
music business.
Mr. Peabody buys and sells musical instruments, on
the instalment plan when desired, exchanges them,
and repairs them at short notice. Being a musician
and a teacher of music, he is well fitted to select good
instruments. He is the exclusive agent for the William
Bourne and the A. B. Chase pianos, and also has the
largest and best assortment of small instruments in the
city.
254
F. N, Livirigstori arid Conqpariy.
It is a characteristic of Havcrhiirs chief industry,
and not its least fortunate one, that it is shared b}' a
large number of acti\e and energetic men, often with
but moderate cnpital, and, also, that it naturally sur-
rounds itself with different forms of manufacturing
industry, more or less closely related to the main busi-
ness.
Among the tirms acti\ely engaged in one of these
subdivisions of shoemaking is that of F. N. Livingston
and Compan}', a wide-awake, enterprising concern,
which manufactures top-lifting, and sole-leather and belt-
ing heels, making a specialty of their shanks for ladies"'
turned boots, and moulded heels. The senior partner
is Mr. Frank N. Livingston, who, after sixteen 3'ears'
experience with the well known firm of Goodrich and
Porter, started in business for himself some four ^•ears
ago, hiring a corner of a small room at three dollars a
month, doino- all of his own work. The increase of
the business has, however, necessitated the enlarge-
ment of the firm, the junior partner, Mr. George T.
Leighton, having been a member about a year.
The business which four years ago needed but one
corner of a room now demands accommodations in
marked contrast, and the firm is now located at No. 12
Porter Place, where they keep ten men in constant
employment. The}' dispose of the greater part of the
product of their factory out of town, selling largel}' to
customers in New York state and in the distant West.
Having met with such marked success as to double
their business in the past six months, they mean to
double it again in the next six.
255
J. F. arid E. J. Donal^ile,
The firm of J. F. and E. J. Donahue is one of the
firms of young and enterprising business men, neither
being as yet thirty years old. The senior member,
John F., has been identified with the leather business
for the last fifteen years, having been employed by the
late Otis W. Butters and other prominent dealers.
Edward J., the junior member, has been eonnected
with him about a 3'ear, the co-partnership being formed
June I, 1888. Their place of business is at 30 Win-
gate Street. Thc}^ manufiicture men's and women's
out-soles, hand-sewed in-soles, in-soles for Good3'ear
welts, and all kinds for boots and shoes. They make a
specialty of children's out-soles for turned work, coun-
ters for turned work and moulding, taps, shanks, etc.
By industr}' and strict attention to details, this firm
have steadily increased their trade, emplo3'ing a number
of hands and doing an extensive business. In fact the
increase has been so great that additional room will be
required before long.
They take great care in preparing their goods and
use only leather of best Union tanneries.
Their machines are all of the latest patterns and
best makes, and the}- spare no expense to produce first
class goods.
Thc}^ fill orders in the shortest possible time and
guarantee satisfaction in every instance.
This firm's success in the leather trade affords still
another illustration of what youth, when combined
with business sagacity, strict industry, and an honor-
able reputation among business men, can accomplish in
Haverhill, even in a comparatively brief space of time.
256
Nasori and TiicK.
Messrs. William Nason and William O. Tuck
started in the slioe business in Au_L,aist, 1888, and,
although }'oung men now, thev have both been identi-
fied with the business interests of the city tor thirteen
years or more, Mr. Nason as a partner in the oldest
and largest firm of shoe supplies, and Mr. Tuck as a
partner in the largest retail grocery in the city.
I'hey manufacture women's, misses', and children's
hand sewed slippers, and get out one of the finest lines
tor the New
Engl a n d.
Western, and
Southern job-
bi ng trade,
using, in the
m an ufactur e
ot these goods,
large quanti-
ties of kid.
I)ongola,goat,
ooze ealt, and
g 1 o V e c a 1 f
stock, and
gi\e emplo\-
ment to a
large number
of hands.
Their fac-
tory, situated
at 49 and 51 Wingate Street, one of the principal streets
in the city, is a brick building, tour stories high,
with the best of light and power. Office and salesroom
on the ground floor, also an office 105 Summer Street,
Boston.
Although Messrs. Nason and Tuck have been in
the shoe business but a year, they have the energy and
determination to be one of the leading shoe firms of the
city. Their first year's business has been one of satisfac-
tion to themselves, and they trust also to their many
customers, as they are men believing whatever they
sell, that should they give.
257
L. C, Wadleigh[ arid Soris.
Amonii the essentials to the manufacture of boots
and shoes are good and well fitting lasts, and these
have been supplied to Haverhill for almost half a cen-
tury by the above firm, which was established by the
senior partner in 1841. Mr. Wadleigh began business
on Mill Street, at the very opposite end of the city
from what is now the business center. He soon re-
moved to Stage Street, however, and afterwards to
Mechanics' Court, where he did business many years.
When the new Odd Fellows' Building was erected on
Main Street, the firm, now L. C. Wadleigh and Son,
removed to Washington Street, occupying a building
on the site of J. H. AVinchell and Company's factory,
being one of the pioneers in the movement up town.
In 1879, being in need of larger quarters, they
leased the Kimball morocco factory, and took in the.
junior member of the firm. Burned out in the fire of
1882, they obtained their present quarters on Granite
Street, which are entirely inadequate for their business;
and, when the lease of this building expires, they will
probably erect a suitable structure on the Flanders es-
tate, which the young men have recently bought for
the purpose. The firm enjoys a good reputation at
home and abroad, havino' an extensive trade outside of
Haverhill. They deal largely, also, in last blocks, of
which they have always on hand a large stock, not
only in this city, where they have several store houses,
but in various parts of the country, stored for season-
ing. This is an important part of successful last-mak-
ing, as good lasts require well seasoned timber.
258
Cl^arles H. Cox.
Mr. C 11. Cox, wholesale and retail dealer in Hour,
f^rain, ha\', and straw, at 19 Essex Street, and the
proprietor ol" an elevator and mill in Bradford, near
Haverhill Bridge, be^jjan business in 1880 in a small
way. Since then, however, the enterprise has been
attended with a steady and \i<^orous growth. One
team and one man were then sufficient for a business
that now L^ix es constant emplovment to six horses and
tifteen men.
The elevator and
mill, one ot the best
equipped in the state,
is about one himdred
feet lono", tbrt\' feet
w i d e , a n d t h r e e
stories hig-h, and has
a capacity of about
sixty thousand bush-
els of grain in bulk^
and twcntv-hve hun-
dred tons of sacked
grain and flour. It
has been retitted by
]Mr. Cox with the most approved modern machinery at
a cost of about four thousand dollars.
Air. Cox handled last year about one thousand car-
loads of hay, grain, and flour, besides the hundreds of
car-loads of meal. His membership of the Boston
Board of Trade enables him to buy his grain direct
from the West, flxe to twenty-five car-loads at a time,
and thus make the lowest prices.
259
J, Fred, fldarris.
For a city with the extensive business interests that
Haverhill has, and its past experience, the matter of
fire insurance is an important consideration w^ith its
business men. Mr. J. Fred. Adams has been engaged
in this business for the past ten years, commencing
while with the Haverhill Savings Bank and so continu-
ing until last April, when he retired from that institu-
tion and established himself in convenient and com-
fortable offices in the Daggett Building, Merrimack
Street, Rooms 12 and 13. He represents the following
standard companies: —
London x\ssurance Corporatit)n of London, En-
gland ; Firemen's Insurance Company of Dayton, Ohio;
I^ong Island Insurance Company of Brooklyn, N. Y. ;
New York Fire Insurance Company of New York;
American Insurance Company of Boston; and the
Worcester Mutual Fire Insurance Company of Wor-
cester, Massachusetts.
In the life and accident branches of the business he
has in the agency the Mutual Benefit Life Insurance
Company of Newark, N. J., and the Standard Accident
Insurance Company of Detroit, Mich., and aims to give
the best satisfaction to his patrons.
His past experience warrants his offering his ser-
vices to those desiring assistance in making invest-
ments, or that feel the need of a practical accountant or
auditor.
Western mortgages are largely invested in here,
and to those desiring such securities he can offer the 7
per cent guaranteed loans of the Vermont Loan and
Trust Company, one of the best of its class.
260
THE LIBRARY
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