University of California. 
 
 7 
 
 FROM THE LIBRARY OF 
 
 Dr. MARTIN KELLOGG. 
 
 GIFT OF MRS. LOUISE B. KELLOGG 
 
 No. 
 
CHASE AND STUABT'S CLASSICAL SEBIES. 
 
 SELECTIONS 
 
 J* y 
 
 FBOMTHE 1(^\C<Z^^ 
 
 SATIRES OF JUVENAL. 
 
 TO WHICH IS ADDED THE 
 
 FIFTH SATIRE OF PERSIUS. 
 
 BY 
 
 THOMAS CHASE, 
 
 M. A. OF HARVARD COLLEGE. 
 PRESIDENT OF HAVERFORO COLLEGE. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 ELDREDGE & BROTHER, 
 
 No. 17 North Seventh Street. 
 
 1880. 
 
I lid 
 
 & 
 
 4? 
 
 *w 
 
 
 -*&&?- 
 
 Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1876, by 
 
 ELDREDGE & BROTHER, 
 in the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. 
 
 *n 
 
 "V; 
 
 s^^ %t*i ^^f 
 
 J. PAGAN & 80N, |&£m, 
 
 ELECTROTYPERS, PHILAD'A. */& 
 
 -^SX. ^3s 
 
 CAXTON PRESS OF SHERMAN £ CO. 
 
PREFACE. 
 
 r PHE text in these selections is based upon that 
 of Jahn; but in doubtful or disputed places I 
 have used an independent judgment, the grounds 
 of which will be found stated in the Notes. 
 
 Few ancient authors impose a heavier task upon 
 the commentator than Juvenal, both on account 
 of occasional obscurities of meaning and corrup- 
 tions of the text, and from the large number of 
 antiquarian and historical allusions which require 
 explanation. I submit my labors to the judg- 
 ment of competent scholars, hoping that they will 
 contribute to the successful and interested study 
 of a writer in whose terse and sententious diction 
 the Latin language shows some of its highest 
 capabilities. 
 
 Room has been made to insert one of the satires 
 of Persius, to give a taste of the peculiar quality 
 of an author, who, if dainty and bookish, is at- 
 tractive for his moral elevation and earnestness. 
 
 T. C. 
 
 iii 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 IN various manuscripts of Juvenal short lives of the 
 satirist are to be found, one of which is not uncommonly 
 supposed to have been written by the grammarian Pro- 
 bus, although it is published among the memoirs attrib- 
 uted to Suetonius. There are but few references to the 
 personal history of their author in the Satires themselves ; 
 for the reticent Juvenal is very unlike the confiding Hor- 
 ace, who wears his heart upon his sleeve. Putting together 
 such scanty indications of the facts as we have from these 
 two sources, an imperfect sketch may be made of a biog- 
 raphy, which I will give nearly in the words of Macleane : 
 " Decimus Junius Juvenalis was born, possibly at 
 Aquinum in Latium, about the beginning of Nero's reign, 
 that is soon after a. d. 54, of respectable parents, his 
 father being a rich libertinus, and he himself therefore 
 ingenuus. He received the usual education of a Roman 
 boy and youth, attending a school of rhetoric after the 
 grammar-school. He took the toga virilis about the be- 
 ginning of Vespasian's reign, a. d. 70, and having learnt 
 rhetoric, continued to practise it as a man, not profession- 
 ally, but for his own amusement. Soon after the year 
 100, in the early part of the reign of Trajan, Juvenal 
 first published a volume of Satires (of which the first in 
 our collection was one), having already recited them to 
 large audiences. It is not unlikely that some of these, 
 or parts of them, had been composed in the reign of Do- 
 A2 v 
 
VI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 mitian (a. d. 81-96), or even earlier, but that the poet 
 had not ventured to make them public. He continued 
 to write freely during Trajan's reign, which ended A. d. 
 117, when Juvenal was about sixty, and during the early 
 years of Hadrian's reign, that is, till about A. D. 120. In 
 this reign he may have lived in comfort through the 
 liberality of the emperor, though his household was on a 
 frugal scale, as he tells us in Sat. xi., from which (verse 
 65) we learn that he had property at Tibur. It is not 
 impossible he may have lived till the accession of Anto- 
 ninus Pius, who succeeded Hadrian a. d. 138, when 
 Juvenal was eighty or a little more." 
 
 I have omitted in this sketch any allusion to Juve- 
 nal's banishment, on account of the great uncertainty 
 which attends the whole subject. The pseudo-Suetonius 
 says of Juvenal, " Having written a clever satire of a 
 few verses on Paris the pantomimus, and a poet of his 
 who was puffed up with his paltry six months' military 
 rank, he took pains to perfect himself in this kind of 
 writing^ And yet for a very long time he did not ven- 
 ture to trust anything even to a small audience. But 
 after a while he was heard by great crowds, and 
 with great success, several times ; so that he was led to 
 insert in his new writings those verses which he had 
 written first : 
 
 quod non dant proceres, dabit histrio : tu Camerinos 
 
 et Bareas, tu nobilium magna atria curas ? 
 
 praefectos Pelopea facit, Philomela tribunos. — (vii. 90 sqq.) 
 
 " The player was at that time one of the favorites at 
 court, and many of his supporters were daily promoted. 
 Juvenal, therefore, fell under suspicion as one who had 
 covertly censured the times ; and forthwith, under color 
 
INTRODUCTION. Vll 
 
 of military promotion, though he was eighty years of age, 
 he was removed from the city, and sent to be praefectus 
 of a cohort which was stationed in the farthest part of 
 Egypt. That sort of punishment was determined upon 
 as being suited to a light and jocular offence. Within 
 a very short time he died of vexation and disgust." 
 
 There are things intrinsically difficult of credence in 
 this story, and it is told with great variations in the dif- 
 ferent manuscript lives. The part of the offended empe- 
 ror is played by Nero and Trajan, as well as Domitian, 
 and three of the lives make Scotland the scene of the 
 exile, whither Juvenal is sent as praefectus militum in 
 the hope that he would be killed in battle. Of recent 
 scholars who accept the banishment, Hermann makes 
 Domitian send the satirist to Scotland, Friedlauder dates 
 the event under Trajan, with whom the actor Pylades 
 had great influence, Ribbeck under Hadrian. Macleane 
 discredits the whole story, although allowing that, if 
 placed in the reign of Domitian, it is not chronologically 
 impossible. It is thought that Sidonius Apollinaris re- 
 fers to Juvenal in the lines, where, after mentioning the 
 banishment of Ovid, he adds : 
 
 nee qui consiraili deinde casu 
 
 ad vulgi tenuem strepentis auram 
 
 iratifuit histrionis exstd. — Carm. ix. 270. 
 
 From the Satires themselves, it would appear that Ju- 
 venal was most certainly writing after Domitian had 
 perished in a. d. 96, for he speaks of the death of that 
 emperor (iv. 153) ; and after the conviction of Marius 
 Priscus (i. 47), which we know to have taken place in 
 a. d. 100. The thirteenth satire was probably written as 
 late as a. d. 127 (see verse 17) ; the fifteenth soon after 
 that date (see verse 27). 
 
VU1 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 There are three epigrams in Martial containing allu- 
 sions to a Juvenal who is probably our satirist : one (vii. 
 24) against a slanderer who tried to bring about a quarrel 
 between the two poets; another (vii. 91), sent with a 
 Saturnalian present of nuts, in which the recipient is 
 addressed as " facunde Juvenalis ;" and a third (xii. 18), 
 which begins with the following lines : 
 
 Dura tu forsitan inquietus erras 
 clamosa, Juvenalis, in Subura, 
 aut collem dorainae teris Dianae, 
 dum per limina te potentiorum 
 sudatrix toga ventilat, vagumque 
 major Caelius et minor fatigant, 
 me multos repetita post Decembres 
 accepit mea rusticumque fecit 
 auro Bilbilis et superba ferro. 
 
 One other witness has come down to us from the times 
 of our poet. There is an inscription (Mommsen Inscr. 
 Neapol. 4312) at Aquinum, which (with the omissions 
 supplied in small letters) runs thus : 
 
 cereRI • SACRVM 
 
 d.iuNIVS • IVVENALIS 
 
 tRIb • COH • i. DELMATARVM 
 
 II • VIR • QVINQ • FLAMEN 
 
 DIVI • VESPASIANI 
 
 VOVIT • DEDICAVitqVE 
 
 SVA PEC 
 
 The inscription marks an altar dedicated by Juvenal 
 to the Helvina Ceres mentioned in Sat. iii. 320. 
 
 The most interesting speculation of recent times in re- 
 gard to our author was originated by Ribbeck, in his 
 treatise Der echte und der uneehte Juvenal, which appeared 
 in Berlin in 1865. According to this acute scholar, the 
 first nine satires, — with the exception of verses 1--36 in 
 the fourth, — the eleventh satire, — with the exception 
 
INTRODUCTION. IX 
 
 of verses 1-55, — and possibly the sixteenth, are the 
 only genuine productions of Juvenal preserved to us, 
 and they themselves are disfigured with interpolations, 
 corruptions, and transpositions of verses. The remain- 
 ing satires, together with the introductions to the fourth 
 and eleventh, are the tasteless forgeries of some unknown 
 declamator, a hungry commonplace poet, to whose combi- 
 nation with a speculating bookseller they owe their origin. 
 
 That there is a marked difference between the two 
 divisions of the reputed works of Juvenal which Ribbeck 
 has made, cannot be denied. The satires admitted to be 
 genuine, deal directly with men, manners, vices, follies, 
 and are a rich storehouse of information in regard to the 
 condition of Roman society in the time when they were 
 written. They are the indignant voice of a live man 
 lashing real vices of real men. The satires of the other 
 class are declamations on stock themes, illustrated by 
 stock characters, — Alexander, Hannibal, Priam, gods 
 and goddesses. They could have been written by a re- 
 cluse pedant ; the others could only have come from a 
 man of vigorous sense and keen observation, who knew 
 the world. In literary execution, the satires of the 
 second class are inferior to those of the first ; it has been 
 charged against them, not without truth, that they are 
 spun out, their style is sometimes turgid, the illustrations 
 sometimes inapt. These differences Ribbeck undoubtedly 
 exaggerates. He speaks of the declamator with a con- 
 tempt quite unwarranted. There are great beauties in 
 the disputed satires, — whatever their defects, — to which 
 the world will never refuse its admiration. 
 
 Ribbeck has probably succeeded in opening a question 
 which will never be fully settled. The vital defect, how- 
 ever, of his argument lies in the impossibility of fixing 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the precise limits of possible variation in quality between 
 different productions of the same mind. It would not 
 be difficult to cite among the acknowledged works of 
 other authors, ancient and modern, instances of as great 
 difference as exists between these two divisions of Juve- 
 nal's satires. Nor is a satisfactory explanation of the 
 variance impossible. The lively, vigorous, burning satires 
 wrote themselves. Fecit indignatio versum. The others 
 were written in cold blood, either (as I think it most 
 probable) by a man whose reputation was already estab- 
 lished, so that he had a market for his wares, and at an 
 advanced age when calm reflection and even common- 
 place generalization are more natural than keen observa- 
 tion and impetuous sallies of temper, or by a young rhet- 
 orician whose fiery zeal is yet to be excited when he 
 leaves his books and reads in actual life the stern lessons 
 of which the seething mass of Roman society in the im- 
 perial times was full. 
 
 We have more reason to doubt whether all the 
 satires as we have them received their author's final 
 touches and editorial revision. Carelessness may account 
 for some of the faults which have been charged to forgery. 
 
 It is generally safe to leave a reader to discover and 
 observe for himself the characteristics of the author who 
 engages his attention ; but I can hardly refrain from in- 
 serting here some lively remarks of Lewis upon the 
 great Roman satirist : 
 
 " In depicting character, in drawing scenes, even in 
 turns of expression, Juvenal is, of all ancient authors, 
 the most distinctly modern. His scenes are manipulated 
 with a few broad touches, in which the salient points are 
 always brought into the foreground ; and it has been well 
 observed that a painter of kindred genius would have 
 
INTRODUCTION. XI 
 
 small difficulty in transferring them to canvas. If we 
 believed in the metempsychosis doctrine, we might almost 
 suppose that the soul of Juvenal reappeared in Hogarth. 
 The crowd hurrying to the sportula or i dole ; ' the streets 
 of Rome by day and night ; the court of Domitian, his 
 worthless parasites and their trumpery subjects of dis- 
 cussion ; the poor dependent dining with the rich patron, 
 and the insults he is exposed to ; the senator's wife elop- 
 ing with a gladiator; the interior of fashionable ladies' 
 boudoirs, and the frivolous pursuits and superstitions of 
 ladies of rank ; the arts and shifts of starveling poets ; 
 the nobleman addicted to the turf ; the aspect of the city 
 on the fall of a great minister; a Ute-a-iUe supper of two 
 friends : these and many other scenes of Roman life are 
 brought before us with the vivid touches of a Defoe or a 
 Swift. They are ' sketches ' in the modern sense ; and 
 I know of nothing exactly resembling them in any other 
 ancient author. The modes of expression, again, the 
 turns of thought, the humor, are often distinctly modern, 
 and such as we should look for in the pages of Fielding 
 or Thackeray. The upstart coming on in his litter, 
 which is ' filled up by himself; ' the poor man who had 
 nothing, it is true,   but who lost all that nothing ' in the 
 fire ; the sycophant who, when his patron complains of 
 the heat, immediately ' sweats ; ' ' the rustic infant in 
 his mother's lap, gazing with horror at the frightful mask 
 of the actor ' when taken to the play ; the chaff, as we 
 style it, of the fast young Roman noble directed against 
 the plebeian whom he is going to pommel, * Whose 
 vinegar and beans are you distended with ? What 
 cobbler have you been supping off sheep's-head with, you 
 beggar ? ' the description of the fight, * if fight it may 
 be called, where one man does the pommelling and the 
 
XU INTRODUCTION. 
 
 other man's part is limited to being pommelled ; ' the 
 prayer of the poor wretch that he may be allowed to re- 
 turn home 'with a, few teeth left him; ' the compliment 
 of the fisherman on presenting an enormous turbot to 
 Domitian, ' Depend upon it, sire, the fish got himself 
 caught on purpose ! ' the school-master whose class pro- 
 ceeds to 'destroy wicked tyrants/ and whose head is 
 made to ache by that ' dreadful Hannibal ; ' Hannibal 
 himself stalking across the Alps 'in order to amuse 
 school-boys, and be turned into the theme for an exercise ; ' 
 the exclamations of the Romans on hearing of the 
 fall of Sejanus, ' Believe me, there was something about 
 that man which I never liked. What a repulsive 
 countenance he had, to be sure ! ' the picture of the old 
 ex-Dictator, in the primitive times, trudging off with 
 a spade over his shoulder to a supper party, where 
 bacon and perhaps a trifle of fresh meat were to be the 
 fare, ' with a dash of haste ' so as to be sure to be 
 in time ; the advice to the civilian in a dispute with 
 soldiers never to commence an action, with only two legs 
 to plead against a thousand hobnails ; such turns of ex- 
 pression as ' the fires, the falling in of roofs, the thousand 
 perils of cruel Rome, last of all, the poets reciting in the 
 dog-days;' or again, in a comparison of Orestes and 
 Nero, 'At any rate, Orestes did not murder his sister and 
 his wife, he did not poison his relations, he did not write 
 rubbishy poems about Troy ;' the remark about Horace, 
 ' Horace has had enough to eat when he cries out ' Euoe !' — 
 examples of this kind might be multiplied in support of my 
 assertion that there is in Juvenal a humor quite distinct 
 from the quaint humor of Plautus and the delicate banter 
 of Horace, of which no example existed previous to his 
 time in Roman literature, while modern literature fur- 
 nishes much that is akin to it." 
 
rtn I 
 
 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 SATVRAE. 
 
 I. 
 
 Semper ego auditor tantum ? nuraquamne reponam 
 
 vexatus totiens rauci Theseide Cordi ? 
 
 impune ergo mihi recitaverit ille togatas, 
 
 hie elegos ? impune diem consumpserit ingens 
 
 Telephus, aut summi plena jam margine libri 5 
 
 scriptus et in tergo nee dum finitus Orestes ? 
 
 nota magis nulli domus est sua, quam mihi lucus 
 
 Martis et Aeoliis vicinum rupibus antrum 
 
 Vulcani. quid agant venti, quas torqueat umbras 
 
 Aeacus, unde^afius furtivae devehat aurum 10 
 
 pelliculae, quantas jaculetur Monychus ornos, 
 
 Frontonis platani convulsaque marmora clamant 
 
 semper et adsiduo ruptae lectore columnae : ^i ^ 
 
 exspectes eadem a sum mo minimoque poeta. 
 
 et nos ergo manum ferulae subduximus, et nos 15 
 
 consilium dedimus Sullae, privatus ut altum 
 
 dormiret ; stulta est dementia, cum tot ubique 
 
 vatibus occurras, periturae parcere chartae. •Q^-^c ^ o**^ 
 
 cur tamen hoc potius libeat decurrere campo, 
 
 B 13 
 
14 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 per quern magnus equos Auruncae flexit alumnus, 20 
 si vacat ac placidi rationem admittitis, edam. 
 
 Cum tener uxorem ducat spado, Mevia Tuscum 
 figat aprum et nuda teneat venabula mamma, 
 patricios omnis opibus cum provocet unus 
 quo tondente gravis juveni mihi barba sonabat); 25 
 
 cum pars Niliacae plebis, cum verna Canopi 
 Crispin us, Tyrias umero revocante lacernas, 
 ventilet aestivum digitis sudantibus aurum, 
 nee sufferre queat majoris pondera gemmae, 
 difficile est saturam non scribere. nam quis iniquae 30 
 tam patiens urbis, tam : ierreiis/ut teneat se, 
 causidici nova cum veniat lectica Mathonis 
 plena ipso, post hunc magni delator amici 
 et cito rapturus de nobilitate comesa 
 quod superest, quern Massa timet, quem munere palpat 
 Cams et a trepido Thymele summissa Latino ? . 36 
 quid referam quanta siccum jecur ardeat ira, ' 45 
 
 cum populum gregibus comitum premit hie spoliator 
 pupilli prostantis ? et hie damnatus inani 
 judicio (quid enim salvis infamia nummis ?) 
 exul ab octava Marius bibit et fruitur dis 
 iratis, at tu victrix provincia ploras ? 50 
 
 Haec ego non credam Venusina digna lucerna ? 
 haec ego non agitgm? sed quid magis? K ; Heracleas 
 aut Diomedeas aut mugitum labyrinthi 
 et mare percussum puero fabrumque volantem ? 
 cum leno accipiat moechi bona, si capiendi 55 
 
SATVRA I. 15 
 
 jus nullum uxori, doctus spectare lacunar, 
 
 doctus et ad calicem vigilanti stertere naso ; 
 
 cum fas esse putet curam sperare cohortis, 
 
 qui bona douavit praesepibus et caret omni • 
 
 majorum censu, dum pervolat axe citato 60 
 
 Flaminiam puer Automedon ; nam lora tenebat 
 
 ipse, lacernatae cum se jactaret amicae ! 
 
 nonne libet medio ceras implere capaces 
 
 quadrivio, cum jam sexta cervice feratur, 
 
 hinc atque inde patens ac nuda paene cathedra 65 
 
 et multum referens de Maecenat^jwpino, 
 
 signator falso, qui se lautum atque beatum 
 
 exiguis tabulis et gemma fecerat uda ? 
 
 occurrit matrona potens, quae molle Calenum 
 
 porrectura viro miscet sitiente rubetam, 70 
 
 instituitque rudes^melior Lucusta^propinquas 
 
 per famam et populum nigros efferre maritos. 
 
 aude aliquid brevibus Gyaris et carcere dignum, 
 
 si vis esse aliquid. probitas laudatur et alget. 
 
 criminibus debent hortos, praetoria, mensas, 75 
 
 argentum vetus, et stantem extra pocula caprum. 
 
 quern patitur dormire nurus corruptor avarae, 
 
 quern sponsae turpes et praetextatus adulter ? 
 
 si natura negat, facit indignatioversum, 
 
 qualemcunque potest, quales ego vel Cluvienus. 80 / 
 
 Ex quo Deucalion, nimbis tollentibus aequor, 
 navigio montem ascendit sortesque poposcit, 
 paulatimque anima caluerunt mollia saxa, 
 
A 
 
 16 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 et maribus nudas ostendit Pyrra puellas, 
 
 quidquid agunt homines, votum, timor, ira, voluptas, 85 
 
 gaudia, discursus, nostri farrago libelli est. 
 
 et quando uberior vitiorum copia? quando 
 
 major avaritiae patuit sinus ? alea quando 
 
 hos amnios ? neque enim loculis comitantibus itur 
 
 ad casum tabulae, posita sed luditur area. 90 
 
 proelia quanta illic dispensatore videbis jfe „** 
 
 armigero ! simplexne furor sestertia centum 
 
 perdere, et horrenti tunicam non reddere servo ? 
 
 quis totidem erexit villas, quis fercula septem 
 
 secreto cenavit avus ? nunc sportula primo 95 
 
 limine parva sedet, turbae rapienda togatae : 
 
 ille tamen faciem prius inspicit et trepidat, ne 
 
 suppositus venias ac falso nomine poscas. 
 
 agnitus accipies. jubet a praecone vocari 
 
 ipsos Trojugenas (nam vexant limen et ipsi 100 
 
 nobiscum) : i da praetori, da deinde tribuno.' 
 
 sed libertinus prior est. ' prior,' inquit, ' ego adsum. 
 
 cur timeam dubitemve locum defendere, quamvis 
 
 natus ad Euphraten, molles quod in aure fenestrae 
 
 arguerint, licet ipse negem ? sed quinque tabernae 105 
 
 quadringenta parant. quid confert purpura major 
 
 optandum, si Laurenti custodit in agro 
 
 conductas Corvinus oves, ego possideo plus 
 
 Pallante et Licinis ? ' exspectent ergo tribuni, 
 
 vincant divitiae, sacro ne cedat honori 110 
 
 nuper in hanc urbem pedibus qui venerat albis ; 
 
SATVRA I. 17 
 
 quandoquidera inter nos sanctissima divitiarum 
 majestas, etsi, funesta Pecunia, templo ->v*^ 
 nondum habitas, nullas nummorum ereximus aras, 
 ut colitur Pax atque Fides, Victoria, Virtus, 115 
 
 quaeque salutato crepitat Concordia nido. 
 
 Sed cum summus honor finitg computet anno 
 sportula quid referat, quantum rationibus addat, 
 quid facient comites, quibus hinc toga, calceus hinc est 
 et panis fum usque domi ? densissima centum 120 
 
 quadrantes lectica petit, sequiturque maritum y^t£-iJ(f~ 
 languida vel praegnas et circumducitur uxor, 
 hie petit absenti, nota jam callidus arte, 
 ostendens vacuam et clausam pro conjuge sellam. 
 1 Galla mea est,' inquit, ' citius dimitte. moraris? 125 
 profer, Galla, caput 1 noli vexare, quiescet.' 
 
 Ipse dies pulchro distinguitur ordine rerum : 
 
 sportula, deinde forum jurisque peritus Apollo, 
 
 atque triumphales, inter quas ausus habere 
 
 nescio quis titulos Aegyptius atque Arabarches, 130 
 
 cujus ad effigiem non tan turn meiere fas est.\ 
 
 vastilmlLs abeunt veteres lassique clientes 
 
 votaque aeponunt, quamquam longissima cenae 
 
 spes homiui : caulis miseris atque ignis emendus. 
 
 optima silvarum interea pelagique vorabit 135 
 
 rex norum, vacuisque tons tantum ipse jacebit. 
 
 nam de tot pulchris et latis orbibus et tam 
 
 antiquis una comedunt patrimonia mensa. 
 
 nullus jam parasitus erit. sed quis ferat istas 
 2 — Juv. B2 
 
18 D. IVNII IVVENALI8 
 
 luxuriae sordes? quanta est gula, quae sibi totos 140 
 
 ponit apros, animal propter convivia natum ! 
 
 poena tamen praesens, cum tu deponis amictus 
 
 turgidus et crudum pavonem in balnea portas. 
 
 hinc subitae mortes atque intestata senectus, 
 
 et, nova nee tristis^per cunctas fabula cenas, 145 
 
 ducitur iratis plaudendum funus amicis. 
 
 Nil erit ulterius, quod nostris moribus addat 
 posteritas ; eadem facient cupientque minores ; 
 omne in praecipiti vitium stetit ; utere velis, 
 totos pande sinus ! dicas hie forsitan : ' unde 150 
 
 ingenium par materiae ? unde ilia priorum 
 scribendi quodcumque animo flagrante liberet 
 simplicitas, " cujus non audeo dicere nomen ? 
 quid refert cfectis ignoscat Mucius an non ? " 
 pone Tigellinum, taeda lucebis in ilia, 155 
 
 qua stantes ardent, qui fixo pectore fumant, 
 et latum media sulcum deducis harena/ 
 qui dedit ergo tribus patruis aiconita, vehatur 
 pelisilibus plumis, atque illinc despiciat nos ? 
 'cum veniet contra, digito compesce labellum. 160 
 
 accusator erit qui verbum dixerit " hie est." 
 securus licet Aenean Rutulumque ferocem 
 committas, nulli gravis est percussus Achilles 
 aut multum quaesitus Hylas urnamque secutus : 
 ense velut stricto quotiens Lucilius ardens 165 
 
 infremuit, rubet auditor, cui frigida mens est 
 criminibus, tacita sudant praecordia culpaT 
 
SATVRA III. 19 
 
 inde irae et lacrimae. tecum prius ergo voluta 
 haec animo ante tubas, galeatum sero duelli 
 paenitet.' — experiar, quid concedatur in illos, 170 
 
 quorum Flaminia tegitur cinis atque Latina. 
 
 m. 
 
 Quamvis digressu veteris confusus amici, 
 laudo tamen, vacuis quod sedem figere Cumis 
 destinet atque unum civem douare Sibyllae. 
 jauua Baiarum est et gratum litus amoeni 
 secessus. ego vel Prochytam praepono Suburae. 5 
 
 nam quid tarn miserum, tam solum vidimus, ut non 
 deterius credas horrere incendia, lapsus 
 tectorum adsiduos, ac mille pericula saevae 
 urbis, et Augusto recitantes mense poetas ? 
 
 Sed dum tota domus redaTcomponitur una, 10 
 
 substitit ad veteres arcus madidamque Capenam. 
 hie, ubi nocturnae Numa constituebat amicae, 
 nunc sacri fontis nemus et delubra locantur 
 Judaeis, quorum co^flttnus faen unique supellex ; 
 (omnis enim populo mercedem pendere jussa est 15 
 
 arbor, et ejectis mendicat silva Camenis) ; 
 in vallem Egeriae descendimus et speluncas 
 dissimiles veris. quanto praesentius esset 
 numen aquae, viricji si margine cluderet undas 
 herba nee in^enuum violarent marmora tofum ! 20 
 
 hie tunc Umbricius/quando artibus/ inquit, * honestis 
 nullus in urbe locus, nulla emolumenta laborum, 
 
20 D. IVNII IVVENALIS ^ 
 
 res hodie minor est here quam fuit, atque eadem eras 
 deteret exiguis aliquid, proponiraus illuc 
 ire, fatigatas ubi Daedalus exuit alas, 25 
 
 dura nova canities, dum prima et recta senectus, 
 dum superest Lachesi quod torqueat, et pedibus me 
 porto meis nullo dextram subeunte bacillo. 
 cedamus patria. vivant Artorius istic 
 et Catulus, maneant qui nigrum in Candida vertunt, 30 
 quis facile est aedfcm conducere, flumina, portus, 
 ^lc^ndameluviem, portandum ad Busta cadaver, 
 et praebere caput domina venale sub hasta. 
 quondam hi cornicines et municipalis harenae 
 perpetui comites notaeque per oppida buccae 35 
 
 muneranunc edunt, et verso pollice vulgus 
 quem jubet occidunt populariter; inde reversi 
 conducunt foricas, et cur non omnia ? cum sint 
 quales ex humili magna ad fastigia rerum 
 extollit quotiens voluit Fortuna jocari. 40 
 
 quid Romae faciam ? mentiri nescio, librum, 
 si malus est, nequeo laudare et poscere, motus 
 astrorum ignoro, funus promittere patris 
 nee volo nee possum, ranarum viscera numquam 
 inspexi ; ferre ad nuptam quae mittit adulter, 45 
 
 quae mandat, norunt alii ; me nemo ministro 
 fur erit, atque ideo nulli comes exeo, tamquam 
 mancus et exstinctae corpus non utile dextrae. 
 quis nunc diligitur, nisi conscius, et cui fervens 
 aestuat occultis animus semperque tacendis ? 50 
 
SATVRA III. 21 
 
 nil tibi se debere putat, nil conferet umquam, 
 participem qui te secreti fecit honesti ; 
 cams erit Verrj^ cmi Verrem tempore quo vult 
 accusare pocfet. tanti tibi non sit opaci 
 omnis harena Tagi quodque in mare vo>utur aurum, do 
 * ut spmno careas ponendaque praemia sumas 
 
 '^ tfLsKsTet a magno semper timearis amico. 
 
 Quae nunc divitibus gens acceptissima nostris 
 et quos praecipue fugianr, properabo fateri, 
 nee pudor obstabit. non possum ferre, Quirites, 60 
 
 Graecam urbem. quamvis quota portio faecis Achaei ? 
 jam pridem Syrus, in Tiberim defluxit^Orontes, 
 et ( linguam et mores et cum tiDicmechordas &r*^"r*~ 
 
 CA'^bliquas nee non gentilia tympana secum 
 
 vexit et ad circum jusgas proKmre puellas : 65 
 
 ite jmibus grata est pictalujk ba t rpara mitrat^v/^^ 
 
 rusticus ille tuus sumit trechedipna, Quirine, 
 
 et ceromatico fert\nJceteriaf collo! 1 
 
 hie alta Sicyone, ast hie Amydone relicta, 
 
 hie Andro, ille Samo, hie Trallibus aut Alabandis, 70 
 
 Esquilias diqtumque petunt a vimine collem, 
 
 viscera magnarum domuum dominique futuri. 
 
 ingenium velox, audacia perdita, sermo 
 
 ltlC 
 
 promptus et Isaeo tbrreniior. ede, quid ilium 
 esse putes ? quern vis hominem secum attulit ad nos : 75 
 grammaticus, rhetor, geometres, pictor, aliptes,' 
 augur, scnoenobates, medicus, magus, omnia novit 
 Graeculus esuriens: in caelum, jusseris, ibit. 
 
22 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 in sum ma, 11011 Maurus erat neque Sarmata nee Thrax 
 qui siimpsit pinnas, mediis sed natus Athenis. 80 
 
 ( horum ego non fugiam conchylia ? me prior ille 
 signabit fultusque toro meliore recumbet, 
 advectus Romam quo pruna et cottona vento? 
 usque adeo nihil est, quod nostra infantia caelum 
 hausit Aventini, baca nutrita Sabina ?) 85 
 
 quid quod adulandi gens prudentissima laudat 
 sermonem indocti, faciem deformis amici, 
 et longum invalidi collum cervicibus aequat 
 Herculis Antaeum procul a tellure tenentis, 
 miratur vocem angustam, qua deterius nee 90 
 
 ille sonat quo mordetur gallina marito ? 
 haec eadem licet et nobis laudare ; sed illis 
 creditur. an melior, cum Thaida sustinet aut cum 
 uxorem comoedus agit vel Dorida nullo 
 cultam palliolo ? mulier nempe ipsa videtur, 95 
 
 non persona loqui £jracua et plana omnia dicas 
 infra ventriculum et tenui distantia rimaj 
 nee tamen Antiochus, nee erit mirabilis illic 
 aut Stratocles aut cum molli Demetrius Haemo : 
 natio comoeda est. rides, majore cachinno 100 
 
 concutitur ; flet, si lacrimas conspexit amici, 
 nee dolet ; igniculum brumae si tempore poscas, 
 ciccipit enotroAiidem ; si dixeris " aestuo," sudat. 
 [non sumus ergo pares : melior, qui semper et omni] 
 nocte dieque potest aliena sumere vultum 105 
 
 a facie, jactare manus, laudare paratus, 
 
SATVRA III. 23 
 
 si bene ructavit, si rectum minxit amicus, 
 
 si trulla inverso crepitum dedit aurea fundo. 108 
 
 et quoniam coepit Graecorum meutio, transi/^^ j 114 
 
 gymnasia atque audi facinus majoris abollae. ci*f+*J- 
 
 stoicus occidit Baream delator, amicum 
 
 discipulumque senex, ripa nutritus in ilia, 
 
 ad quam Gorgonei delapsa est pinna caballi. 
 
 non est Romano cuiquam locus hie, ubi regnat 
 
 Protogenes aliquis vel Diphilus aut Hermarchus, 120 
 
 qui gentis vitio numquam partitur amjeum, 
 
 solus habet ; nam cum facile m stillavit in aurem 
 
 exiguum de naturae patriaequeveneno, 
 
 limine summoveor, perierunt tempora longi 
 
 servitii ; nusquam minor est jactura clientis. ^ 125 
 
 Quod porro officium, ne nobis blandiar, aut quod 
 pauperis hie meritum, si curet nocte togatus 
 currere, cum praetor lictorem impellat et ire 
 praecipitem jubeat, dudum vigilantibus orbis ? 
 ne prior Albinam et Modiam collega salutet? 130 
 
 da testem Romae tam sanctum, quam fuit hospes 137 
 numinis Idaei, procedat vel Numa vel qui 
 servavit trepidam flagranti ex aede Minervam : 
 protinus ad censum, de moribus ultima fiet 140 
 
 quacstio. "quot pascit servos? quot possidet agri 
 jugera? quam multa magnaque paropside cenat?" 
 quantum quisque sua nummorum servat in area, 
 tantum habet et fidei. jures licet et Samothracum 
 et nostrorum aras, contemnere fulmina pauper 145 
 
24 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 creditur atque deos, dis ignoscentibus ipsis. 
 
 quid quod materiam praebet causasque jocoruui 
 
 omnibus hie idem, si foeda et scissa lacerna, 
 
 si toga sordidula est et rupta calceus alter 
 
 pelle patet, vel si consuto vulnere crassum 150 
 
 atque recens Imumf ostendit non una cicatrix ? 
 
 nil habet infelix paupertas durius in se, 
 
 quam quod ridiculos homines facit. " exeat," inquit, 
 
 " si pudor est, et de pulvino surgat equestri, 
 
 cujus res legi non sufficit, et sedeant hie 155 
 
 lenonum pueri quocumque e fornice nati ; 
 
 hie plaudat nitidi praeconis Alius inter 
 
 pinnirapi cultos juvenes juvenesque lanistae; 
 
 sic libitum vano, qui nos distinxit, Othoni." 
 
 quis gener hie placuit censif minor atque puellae 160 
 
 sarcinulis impar ? quis pauper scribitur heres ? 
 
 quando in consilj.o est aedilibus ? agmine facto 
 
 debuerant olim lenues migrasse^tjuirites. 
 
 haut facile emergunt, quorum virtu tibus obstat 
 
 res angusta domi ; sed Romae durior illis 165 
 
 conatus : magno hospitium miserabile, magno 
 
 servorum ventres, et frugi cenula magno. 
 
 fictilibus cenare pudet, quod turpe negabis 
 
 translatus subito ad Marsos mensamque Sabellam 
 
 contentusque illic veneto duroque cucullo. 170 
 
 pars magna Italiae est, si verum admittimus, in qua 
 
 nemo togam sumit nisi mortuus. ipsa dierum 
 
 festorum herboso colitur si quando theatro 
 
SATVRA III. 25 
 
 majestas, tandemque redit ad pulpita notum 
 
 exodium, cum personae pallentis hiatum 175 
 
 in gremio matris formidat rusticus infans, 
 
 aequales habitus illic similesque videbis 
 
 orchestram et populum ; clari velameu honoris 
 
 sufficiunt tunicae summis aedilibus^albae. 
 
 hie ultra^ vires hanSitus nitor, hie aliquid plus 180 «■* 
 
 quam satis est. interdum alieua sumitur area. 
 
 commune id vitium est, hie vivimus ambitiosa 
 
 paupertate omnes. quid te moror ? omnia Romae 
 
 cum pretio. quid das, ut Cossum aliquando salutes ? 
 
 ut te respiciat clauso Veiento labello ? 185 
 
 ille metit barbam, crinem hie deponit amati, 
 
 plena domus libis venalibus. accipe et istud 
 
 fermentum tibi habe, praestare tributa clientes 
 
 cogimur et cultis augere peculia servis. 
 
 Quis timet aut timuit gelida Praeneste ruinam, 190 
 aut positis nemorosa inter juga Volsiniis, aut 
 simplicibus Gabiis, aut proni Tiburis arce ? 
 nos urbem colimus tenui tibicine fultam 
 magna parte sui : nam sic labentibus obstat 
 vilicus, et, veteris rimae cum texit hiatum, 195 
 
 securos penden^ejubet dormire ruina. 
 vivendum est illic, ubi nulla incendia, nulli 
 nocte metus. jam poscit aquam, jam frivola transfert 
 Ucalegon, tabulata tibi jam tertia fumant, 
 tu nescis : nam si gradibus trepidatur ab imis, 200 
 
 ultimus ardebit, quern tegula sola tuetur 
 
26 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 a pluvia, molles ubi reddunt ova columbae. 
 
 lectus erat Cojdro Procula minor, urceoli sex, 
 
 ornamen turn abaci, nee non et parvulus infra 
 
 cantnarus et recubans sub eodem marmore Chiron, 205 
 
 jamque vetus Graecos servabat ci^ta libellos, 
 
 et divina opici rodebant carmina mures. 
 
 nil habuit Codrus, quis enim negat ? et tamen illud 
 
 perdidit infelix totum nihil ; ultimus autem 
 
 aerumnae est cumulus, quod nudum et frusta rogantem 210 
 
 nemo cibo, nemo hospitio tectoque juvabit. 
 
 si magna Asturici cecidit domus, horrida mater, 
 
 pullati proceres, differt vadimonia praetor 
 
 tunc gemimus casus urbis, tunc odimus ignem. 
 
 ardet adhuc, et jam accurrit qui marmora donet, 215 
 
 conferat impensas : hie nuda et Candida signa, 
 
 hie aliquid praeclarum Euphranoris et Polycliti, 
 
 phaecasiatorum Vetera prnamenta deorum, 
 
 hie libros dabit et forulos, mediamque Minervam, 
 
 hie modium argenti. meliora ac plura reponit 220 
 
 Persicus, orborum lautissimus, et merito jam 
 
 suspectus tamquam ipse suas incenderit aedes. 
 
 si potes avelli circensibus, optima Sorae 
 
 aut Fabrateriae domus aut Frusinone paratur, 
 
 quanti nunc tenebras unum conducis in annum. 225 
 
 > hortulus hie puteusque brevis nee reste movendus 
 
 - in tenuis plantas facili defunditur haustu. 
 vive bidentis amans et culti vilicus horti, 
 unde epulum possis centum dare Pythagoreis. 
 
SATVRA III. 27 
 
 est aliquid, quocumque loco, quocumque re^essu, 230 
 unius sese dominum fecisse lacertae. S 
 
 Pluriraus hie aeger moritui; vigilando ; sed ipsum 
 languorem peper it cibus inperiectuset haerens 
 ardenti stomaeho \ nam quae meritoria somnum 
 admittunt ? magnis opibus dormif ur in urbe : 235 
 
 inde caput morbi. redarum transitus arto 
 vicorum iuflexu et stantis convicia mandrae 
 eripient somnum Druso vitulisque marinis. 
 
 Si vocat officium, turha ^edente vehetur 
 dives et/ingenti curret super ora Liburno,] 240 
 
 atque obiter leget aut scribet vel dorraiet intus, 
 nainque facit somnum clausa lectica fenestra ; 
 ante tamen veniet : nobis properantibus obstat 
 
 unjla prior, magno populus premit agmine lumbos 
 qui sequitur/ferit hie cubitoJ ferit aslere duro 245 
 
 alter, at hie tignu m capiti iucutit, ille metretam jC*-"*^ 
 piuguia crura luto ; planta mox undique magna 
 calcor, et in digito clavus mihi militis haeret. 
 
 Nonne vides, quanto celebretur sportula fumo ? 
 centum convivae, sequitur sua quemque culina. 250 
 
 Corbulo vix ferret tot vasa ingentia,"tot res 
 impoflitafl capiti, quas recto vi-rtice portat 
 Bervulus infelix et cursu ventHat ignem. 
 Bcinduntur tunicae sartae inodo, longa coruscat 
 
 ' :ico veniente^abies, atque altera pinum ^, 2~)0 
 
 plaustra vehunt, nutaut alte populoque minantur? 
 nam si procubuit qui saxa Ligustica portat 
 
28 D. IVNII IVVENALI8 
 
 axis et eversum fudit super agmina montera, 
 
 quid superest de corporibus ? quis membra, quis ossa 
 
 invenit? obtritum vulgi perit omne cadaver 260 
 
 more animae. domus interea secura patellas 
 
 jam lavat et bucca foculum excitat et sonat unctis 
 
 striglibus et pleno corrfponit lintea guto. 
 
 haec inter pueros varie properantur, at ille 
 
 jam sedet in ripa taetrumque novicius horret 265 
 
 porthmea, nee sperat cenosi gurgitis alnum , 
 
 infelix, nee habet quern porrigat ore trientem. 
 
 Respice nunc alia ac diversa pericula noctis, 
 quod spatium tectis sublimibus, unde cerebrum 
 
 ^testa ferit, quotiens rimosa et curta fenestris 270 
 
 vasa cadant, quanto percussum pondere signent 
 et laedant silicem. possis ignavus haberi 
 et subiti casus inprovidus,' ad cenam si 
 intestatus eas : adeo tot fata, quot ilia ^J 
 
 nocte patent vigiles te praetereunte fenestrae. L* ^y 275 
 ergo optes votumque feras miserabile tecum, 
 ut sint contentae j)'atulas defundere pelves. 
 
 n. ebrius ac petulans, qui nullum forte cecidit, 
 
 dat poenas, noctem patitur lugentis amicum ^\ » 
 PeLidae, cubat in faciem, n&x deinde supinus.*^ b* 280 
 [ergo non aliter poterit dormire? quibusdam] 
 somnum rixa raclfr sed ? quamvis improbus annis 
 atque mero fervens, cSvefnunc, quern coccina laena 
 vitari jubet et comitum longissimus ordo, 
 multum praeterea flammarum et aenea lampas ; 285 
 
SATVRA III. 29 
 
 me, quem luna solet deducere vel breve lumen 
 
 candelae, cujus dispenso et tetnpero filum, 
 
 contemnit. miserae cognosce prooertfia rixae, 
 
 si rixa est, ubi tu pulsas, ego vapulo tantum. 
 
 stat contra starique jubet : parere necesse est, 290 
 
 nam quid agas, cum te furiosus cogat et idem 
 
 fortior ? " unde venis ? " exclamat ; "cujus aceto, » 
 
 cujus couche tumes? quis tecum sectile porrum ^^ 
 
 sutor etfclixi vervecis labra\comedit? 
 
 nil mihi respondes ? aut die, aut accipe calcem ! 295 
 
 ede, ubi conlSSts ! in qua te quaero proseucha? " 
 
 dicere si temptes aliquid tacitusve recedes, 
 
 tantumdem est, feriunt pariter, vadimonia deinde 
 
 irati faciunt ; libertas pauperis haec est : 
 
 pulsatus rogat et puguis concisus adorat, 300 
 
 ut liceat paucis cum dentibus inde reverti. 
 
 fnec tamen haec tantum metuas J nam qui spoliet te 
 non derit, clausis domibus jpostquam omnis ubique 
 fixa caienatae siluit compago tabernae. 
 interdum et ferro subitu- ^raseator agit rem : 305 
 
 armato quotiens tutae custode tenentur 
 et Pomptina palus et Gallinaria pinus, 
 sic inde hue omnes tamquam ad v%aria currunt. 
 qua fornace graves, qua non mcude, catenae ? 
 maximus* in vinctts ferri modns, ut timeas ne 310 
 
 vomer deficiat, m? marrae et sarcuia desint. 
 
 (Jelicesjproavorum atavos, felicia dicas 
 
 saecula, quae quondam sub regibus atque tribunis 
 C2 
 
30 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 viderunt uno contentam carcere Romam. 
 
 His alias poteram et pluris subnectere causas, 315 
 
 sed jumenta vocant, et sol inclinat.eundu2n est ; 
 nam mihi commota jandudum mulio virga 
 annuit. — ergo vale nostri memor, et quotiens te 
 Koma tuo refici properantem reddet Aquino, 
 me quoque ad Helvinam Cererem vestramque Dianam 320 
 converte a Cumis : saturarum ego, ni pudet illas, 
 adjutor gelidos veniam caligatus in agros.' 
 
 IV. 
 
 Ecce iterum Crispinus, et est mihi saepe vocandus 
 
 ad partes, monstrum nulla virtute redemptum 
 
 a vitiis, aegrae solaque libidine fortes 
 
 deliciae : viduas tantum spernatur adulter. 
 
 quid refert igitur, quantis jumenta fatiget 5 
 
 porticibus, quanta nemorum vectetur in umbra, 
 
 jugera quot vicina foro, quas emerit aedes ? 
 
 nemo malus felix, minime corruptor et idem 
 
 incestus, cum quo nuper vittata jacebat 
 
 sanguine adhuc vivo terram subitura sacerdos. 10 
 
 sed nunc de factis levioribus — et tamen alter 
 
 si fecisset idem, caderet sub judice morum ; 
 
 nam quod turpe bonis, Titio Seioque, decebat 
 
 Crispinum — quid agas, cum dira et foedior omni 
 
 crimine, persona est ? mullum sex milibus emit, 15 
 
 aeojuanie^sane paribus sestertia libris, 
 
 ut perhibent qui de magnis majora loquuntur. 
 
SATVRA IV. 31 
 
 consilium laudo artificis, si munere tanto 
 
 praecipuam in tabulis ceram senis abstulit orbi ; 
 
 est ratio ulterior, magnae si misit amicae, 20 
 
 quae vehitur cluso latis specularibus antro. 
 
 nil tale exspectes, emit sibi. multa videmus, 
 
 quae miser et frugi non fecit Apicius. hoc tu, 
 
 succinctus patria quondam, Crispine, papyro, 
 
 hoc pretio squamam ? potuit fortasse minoris 25 
 
 piscator quam piscis emi ; provincia tanti 
 
 vendit agros, sed majores Apulia vendit. 
 
 quales tunc epulas ipsum gluttisse putamus 
 
 induperatorera, cum tot sestertia, partem 
 
 exiguam et modicae sumptam de margine cenae, 30 
 
 purpureus magni ructarit scurra Palati, 
 
 jam princeps equitum, magna qui voce solebat 
 
 vendere municipes fracta de merce siluros ? 
 
 incipe, Calliope ! licet et considere : non est 
 
 cantandum, res vera agitur. narrate, puellae 35 
 
 Pierides ! prosit mihi vos dixisse puellas. 
 
 Cum jam semianimum laceraret Flavius orbem 
 ultimus et calvo serviret Roma Neroni, 
 incidit Adriaci spatium admirabile rhombi 
 ante domum Veneris, quam Dorica sustinet Ancon, 40 
 implevitque sinus ; nee enim minor haeserat illis, 
 quos operit glacies Maeotica ruptaque tandem 
 solibus effundit torrentis ad ostia Ponti, 
 desidia tardos et longo frigore pingues. 
 
32 IVNII IYVENALI8 
 
 destinat hoc monstrum cuiubae linique magister 45 
 
 pontifici summo. quis enim proponere talem 
 
 aut emere auderet, cum plena et litora multo 
 
 delatore forent ? dispersi protinus algae 
 
 inquisitores agerent cum remige nudo, 
 
 lion dubitaturi fugitivum dicere piscem 50 
 
 depastumque diu vivaria Caesaris, inde 
 
 elapsum veterem ad dominum debere reverti. 
 
 si quid Palfurio, si credimus'Armillato, 
 
 quidquid conspicuum pulchrumque est aequore toto, 
 
 res fisci est, ubicumque natat : donabitur ergo, 55 
 
 ne pereat. jam letifero cedente pruinis 
 
 autumno, jam quartanam sperantibus aegris, 
 
 stridebat deformis hiems praedamque recentem 
 
 servabat ; tamen hie properat, velut urgueat auster. 
 
 utque lacus suberant, ubi quamquam diruta servat 60 
 
 ignem Trojanum et Vestam colit Alba minorem, 
 
 obstitit intrauti miratrix turba parumper ; 
 
 ut cessit, facili patuerunt cardine valvae ; 
 
 exclusi spectant admissa obsonia patres. 
 
 itur ad Atriden. turn Picens ' accipe,' dixit, 65 
 
 * privatis majora focis ; genialis agatur 
 
 iste dies ; propera stomachum laxare saginans, 
 
 et tua servatum consume in saecula rhombum ; 
 
 ipse capi voluit.' quid apertius ? et tamen illi 
 
 surgebant cristae : nihil est quod credere de se 70 
 
 non possit, cum laudatur dis aequa potestas. 
 
 sed derat pisci patinae mensura. vocantur 
 
SATVRA IV. 33 
 
 ergo in consilium proceres, quos oderat ille, 
 in quorum facie miserae magnaeque sedebat 
 pallor amicitiae. primus, clamante Liburno 75 
 
 * currite, jam sedit ! ' rapta properabat abolla 
 Pegasus, attonitae positus modo vilicus urbi ; 
 anne aliud tune prtfefecti ? quorum optimus atque 
 iuterpres legum sanctissimus, omnia, quamquam 
 temporibus diris, tractanda putabat inermi 80 
 
 justitia. venit et Crispi jucunda senectus, 
 cujus erant mores qualis facundia, mite 
 ingenium. maria ac terras populosque regenti 
 quis comes utilior, si clade et peste sub ilia 
 saevitiam damnare et honestum adferre liceret 85 
 
 consilium ? sed quid violentius aure tyranni, 
 cum quo de pluviis aut aestibus aut nimboso 
 vere locuturi fatum pendebat amici ? 
 ille igitur numquam direxit bracchia contra 
 torrentem, nee civis erat qui libera posset 90 
 
 verba animi proferre et vitam inpendere vero. 
 sic multas hiemes atque octogensima vidit 
 solstitia, his armis ilia quoque tutus in aula, 
 proximus ejusdem properabat Aciluasaevi, - ^ 
 
 cum juvene mdignoquem mors tam saeva maneret ' :>•> 
 et domini gladiis tam festinata : sed olim 
 prodigio par est in nobilitate senectus, 
 unde fit ut malim fraterculus esse gigantis. 
 profuit ergo nihil misero, quod comminus ursos 
 figebat Numidas Albana nudus harena 100 
 
 3 — Juv. 
 
34 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 venator. quis enim jam non intellegat artes 
 
 patricias ? quis priscum illud miratur acumen, 
 
 Brute, tuum? facile est barbate- inponere regi. 
 
 nee melior vultu, quamvis ignobilis, ibat 
 
 Rubrius, offensae veteris reus atque tacendae, 105 
 
 et tamen inprobior saturam scribente cinaedo. 
 
 Montani quoque venter adest abdomine tardus, 
 
 et matutino sudans Crispinus amomo, 
 
 quantum vix redolent duo funera ; saevior illo 
 
 Pompeius tenui jugulos aperire susurro, 110 
 
 et qui vulturibus servabat viscera Dacis 
 
 Fuscus, marmorea meditatus proelia villa, 
 
 et cum mortifero prudens Veiento Catullo, 
 
 qui numquam visae flagrabat amore puellae, 
 
 grande et conspicuum nostro quoque tempore mon- 
 
 strum, 115 
 
 caecus adulator dirusque a ponte satelles, 
 dignus Aricinos qui mendicaret ad axes 
 blandaque devexae jactaret basia redae. 
 nemo magis rhombum stupuit : nam plurima dixit 
 in laevum conversus; at illi dextra jacebat 120 
 
 belua. sic pugnas Cilicis laudabat et ictus 
 et pegma et pueros inde ad velaria raptos. 
 non cedit Veiento, set ut fanaticus oestro 
 percussus, Bellona, tuo divinat et 'ingens 
 omen habes,' inquit, ' magni clarique triumphi : 125 
 
 regem aliquem capies, aut de temone Britanno 
 excidet Arviragus : peregrina est belua ; cernis 
 
 * 
 
UNIVERSITY 
 
 BATVggkJ&^^X 35 
 
 erectas in terga sudes ? ' hoc defuit unura 
 j$ Fabricio, patriara ut rhombi memoraret et annos. 
 
 " quiduam igitur censes ? conciditur ? " ' absit ab illo 130 
 
 dedecus hoc ! ' Montagus ait ; ' testa alta paretur, 
 
 quaejtei^ui inuro spatiosum colligat orbem : 
 
 debetur magnus patinae subitusque Prometheus ; 
 
 argillam atque rotam citius properate ! sed ex hoc 
 
 tempore jam, Caesar, figuli tua castra sequantur.' 135 
 
 vicit digna viro sententia : noverat ille 
 
 luxuriam inperii veterem noctesque Neronis 
 
 jam medias aliamque famem, cum pulmo Falerno 
 
 arderet. nulli major fuit usus edendi 
 
 tempestate mea : Circeis nata forent an 140 
 
 Lucrinum ad saxum Rutupinove edita fundo 
 
 ostrea, callebat primo depraendere morsu ; 
 
 et semel aspecti litus dicebat echini. 
 
 surgitur, et misso proceres exire jubentur 
 
 consilio, quos Albanam dux magnus in arcem 145 
 
 traxerat attonitos et festinare coactos, 
 
 tamquam de Cattis aliquid torvisque Sycambris 
 
 dicturus, tamquam e diversis partibus orbis 
 
 anxia praecipiti venisset epistula pinna. 
 
 atque utinam his potius nugis tota ilia dedisset 150 
 tempora saevitiae, claras quibus abstulit urbi 
 inlustresque auimas impune et vindice nullo ! 
 sed periit, postquam cerdonibus esse timendus 
 coeperat : hoc nocuit Lamiarum caede madenti. 
 
36 D. IVNII IVVENALI8 
 
 V. 
 
 Si te propositi nondum pudet atque eadem est mens, 
 
 ut bona summa putes aliena vivere quadra, 
 
 si potes ilia pati, quae nee Sarmentus iniquas 
 
 Caesaris ad mensas nee vilis Gabba tulisset, 
 
 quamvis jurato metuam tibi credere testi. 5 
 
 ventre nihil novi frugalius ; hoc tamen ipsum 
 
 defecisse puta, quod inani sufficit alvo : 
 
 nulla crepido vacat ? nusquam pons et tegetis pars 
 
 dimidia brevior ? tantine injuria cenae ? 
 
 tarn jejuDa fames, cum possit honestius illic 10 
 
 et tremere et sordes farris mordere canini ? 
 
 Primo fige loco, quod tu discumbere jussus 
 mercedem solidam veterum capis officiorum. 
 fructus amicitiae magnae cibus ; inputat hunc rex, 
 et quamvis rarum tamen inputat. t ergo duos post 15 
 si libuit menses neglectum'MniDere'clientem, 
 tertia ne vacuo cessaret culcita lecto, 
 ' una simus ' ait. votorum summa ! quidAiltra 
 quaens? habet Trebius, propter'quod rumpere somnum 
 debeat et ligulas dimittere, sollicitus ne 20 
 
 tota salutatrix jam turba peregerit orbem, 
 sideribus dubiis, aut illo tempore quo se 
 frigida circumagunt pigri serraca Bootae. * 
 
 Qualis cena tamen ? vinum, quooVsucma nolit 
 lana pati : de conviva Corybanta videbis. 25 
 
 jurgia proludunt; sed mox et pocula torques 
 
SATVRA V. 37 
 
 saucius et rubra deterges vulnera mappa, 
 
 inter vos quotiens libertorumque cohortem 
 
 pugna Saguntina fervet comraissa lagona. 
 
 ipse capillato diffusum consule potat . 30 
 
 calcatamque tenet bellis socialibus uvam, 
 
 cardiaco numquam cyathuni missurus amico ; 
 
 eras bibet Albanis aliquid de moutibus aut de 
 
 Setinis, cujus patriara titulumque senectus 
 
 aefe^^multa veteris fuligine testae, 35 
 
 quale coronati Thrasea Helvidiusque bibebant 
 
 Brutorum et Cassi natal ibus. ipse capaces 
 
 Heliadum crustas et inaequales berullo 
 
 Virro tenet phialas : tibi non committitur aurum, 
 
 vel, si quando datur, custos adfixus ibidem, 40 
 
 qui nuraeret gemmas, ungues observet acutos. 
 
 da veniam : praeclara illi laudatur iaspis. 
 
 nam Virro, ut multi, gemmas ad pocula transfert 
 
 a digitis, quas in vaginae fronte solebat 
 
 ponere zelotypo juvenis praelatus Iarbae : 45 
 
 tu Beneventani sutoris nomen habentem 
 
 siccabis calicem nasorum quattuor ac jam 
 
 quassatum et rupto poscentem sulpura vitro. 
 
 si stomachus domini fervet vinoque ciboque, 
 
 f rigidior Geticis petitur decocta pruinis : f 50 
 
 non eadem vobis poni modo vina querebar? 
 
 vos aliam potatis aquam. tibi pocula cursor 
 
 Gaetulus dabit aut nigri manus ossea Mauri, 
 
 et cui per mediam nolis occurrere noctem, 
 
 D 
 
38 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 clivosae veheris dum per monumenta Latinae : 55 
 
 flos Asiae ante ipsuni, pretio majore paratus 
 quam fuit et Tulli census pugnacis et Anci 
 et, ne te teneam, Romanorum omnia regum 
 frivola. quod cum ita sit, tu Gaetulum Ganymedem 
 respice, cum sities. nescit tot milibus emptus 60 
 
 pauperibus miscere puer : sed forma, sed aetas 
 digna supercilio. quando ad te pervenit ille ? 
 quando rogatus adest calidae gelidaeque minister ? C+ $V 
 quippe indignatur veteri parere clienti, 
 quodque aliquid poscas, et quod se stante recumbas. 65 
 maxima quaeque domus servis est plena superbis. 
 ecce alius quanto porrexit murmure panem 
 vix fractum, solidae jam mucida frusta farinae, 
 quae genuinum agitent, non admittentia morsum : 
 sed tener et niveus mollique siligine factus 70 
 
 servatur domino, dextram cohibere memento, 
 salva sit arfeonjtae reverentia ! finge tamen te 
 nprobuljim, superest line qui ponere cogat : 
 ' vis tu consuetis audax conviva canistris 
 impleri panisque tui novisse colorem ? ' 75 
 
 " scilicet hoc fuerat, propter quod saepe relicta 
 conjuge per montem adversum gelidasque cucurri 
 Esquilias, fremeret saeva cum grandine vernus 
 Juppiter et multo stillaret paenula nimbo ! " 
 aspice, quam longo distinguat pectore lancem, 80 
 
 quae fertur domino squilla, et quibus undique saepta 
 asparagis c qua despiciat convivia cauda, 
 
SATVRA V. 39 
 
 dum venit excelsi mauibus sublata ministri : 
 
 sed tibi diraidio <$ffismcuis cammarus ovo 
 
 pouitur, exigua feralis cena patella. 85 
 
 ipse Venafrano piscem perfuudit ; at hie qui 
 
 pallid us affertur misero tibi caul is olebit 
 
 lanternam : illud euim vestris datur alveolis, quod 
 
 canna Micipsarum prora subvexit acuta, 
 
 propter quod Romae cum Boccare nemo lavatur, 90 
 
 [quod tutos etiam facit a serpentibus atris.] 
 
 mull us erit domini, quern misit Corsica vel quem 
 
 Tauromenitanae rupes, quando omne peractum est 
 
 et jam defecit nostrum mare, dum gula saevit, 
 
 retibus assiduis penitus scrutante macello 95 
 
 proxima, nee patimur Tyrrhenum crescere piscem. 
 
 instruit ergo focum provincia, sumitur illinc 
 
 quod captator emat Laenas, Aurelia vendat 
 
 Virroui muraena datur, quae maxima venit 
 
 gurgite de Siculo ; nam dum se continet Auster, 100 
 
 dum sedet et siccat madidas in carcere pinnas, 
 
 contemnunt mediam temeraria lina Charybdim : 
 
 vos anguilla manet, longae cognata colubrae, 
 
 aut glacie aspersus maculis Tiberinus, et ipse 
 
 vernula riparum, pinguis torrente cloaca, 105 
 
 et solitus mediae cryptam penetrare Suburae. 
 
 Ipsi pauca velim, facilem si praebeat aurem. 
 * nemo petit, modicis quae mittebantur amicis 
 a Seneca, quae Piso bonus, quae Cotta solebat 
 largiri; (namque et titulis et fascibus olim |10 
 
40 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 major habebatur donandi gloria :) solum 
 poscimus, ut cenes civiliter ; hoc face et esto, 
 esto, ut nunc multi, dives tibi, pauper amicis/ 
 
 Anseris ante ipsum magni jecur, anseribus par 
 altilis, et flavi dignus ferro Meleagri 115 
 
 fumat aper ; post hunc tradentur tubera, si ver 
 tunc erit et facient optata tonitrua cenas 
 majores. * tibi habe frumentum,' Alledius inquit, 
 *o Libye, disjunge boves, dum tubera mittas.' 
 structorem interea, ne qua indignatio desit, 120 
 
 saltantem spectes et chironomunta volanti 
 cultello, donee peragat dictata magistri 
 omnia ; nee minimo sane discrimine refert, 
 quo gestu lepores et quo gallina secetur. 
 
 Duceris planta, velut ictus ab Hercule Cacus, 125 
 et ponere foris, si quid temptaveris umquam 
 hiscere, tamquam habeas tria nomina. quando propinat 
 Virro tibi sumitve tuis contacta labellis 
 pocula ? quis vestrum temerarius usque adeo, quis 
 perditus, ut dicat regi 'bibe?' plurima sunt, quae 130 
 non audent homines pertusa dicere laena ; 
 quadringenta tibi si quis deus aut similis dis 
 et melior fatis donaret homuncio, quantus 
 ex nihilo, quantus fieres Virronis amicus ! 
 * da Trebio ! pone ad Trebium ! vis, frater, ab ipsis 135 
 ilibus ? ' o nummi, vobis hunc praestat honorem, 
 vos estis fratres ! dominus tamen et domini rex 
 si vis tu fieri, nullus tibi parvolus aula 
 
SATVRA V. 41 
 
 luserit Aeneas nee filia dulcior illo : 
 
 jucundum et carum sterilis facit uxor amicum. 140 
 
 set tua nunc Mygale pariat licet et pueros tres 
 
 in greraium patris fundat simul, ipse loquaci 
 
 gaudebit nido, viridem thoraca jubebit 
 
 adferri minimasque nuces assemque rogatum, 
 
 ad mensam quotiens parasitus venerit infans. 145 
 
 Vilibus ancipites fungi ponentur amicis, 
 boletus domino, set quales Claudius edit 
 ante ilium uxoris, post quern nil amplius edit. 
 Virro sibi et reliquis Virronibus ilia jubebit 
 poma dari, quorum solo pascaris odore, 150 
 
 qualia perpetuus Phaeacum autumnus habebat, 
 credere quae possis subrepta sororibus Afris ; 
 tu scabie frueris mali, quod in aggere rodit 
 qui tegitur parma et galea metuensque flagelli 
 discit ab hirsuta jaculum torquere capella. 155 
 
 Forsitan impensae Virronem parcere credas ; 
 
 hoc agit, ut doleas ; nam quae comoedia, mimus 
 
 quis melior plorante gula ? ergo omnia fiunt, 
 
 si nescis, ut per lacrimas effundere bilem 
 
 cogaris pressoque diu stridere molari. 160 
 
 tu tibi liber homo et regis conviva videris : 
 
 captum te nidore suae putat ille culinae, 
 
 nee male conjectat ; quis enim tarn nudus, ut ilium 
 
 bis ferat, Etruscum puero si contigit aurum 
 
 vel nodus tantum et signum de paupere loro ? 165 
 
 spes bene cenandi vos decipit : ' ecce dabit jam 
 D2 
 
42 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 semesum leporem atque aliquid de clunibus apri, 
 
 ad nos jam veniet minor altilis ; ' inde parato 
 
 intactoque omnes et stricto pane tacetis. 
 
 ille sapit, qui te sic utitur. omnia ferre 170 
 
 si potes, et debes : pulsandum vertice raso 
 
 praebebis quandoque caput, nee dura timebis 
 
 flagra pati, his epulis et tali dignus amico ! 
 
 VII. 
 
 Et spes et ratio studiorum in Caesare tantum : 
 solus enim tristes hac tempestate Camenas 
 respexit, cum jam celebres notique poetae 
 balneolum Gabiis, Romae conducere furnos 
 temptarent, nee foedum alii nee turpe putarent 5 
 
 praecones fieri, cum desertis Aganippes 
 vallibus esurieDS migraret in atria Clio, 
 nam si Pieria quadrans tibi nullus in umbra 
 ostendatur, ames nomen victumque Machaerae, 
 et vendas potius, commissa quod auctio vendit 10 
 
 stantibus, oenophorum, tripodes, armaria, cistas,. 
 Alcithoen Pacci, Thebas et Terea Fausti. y 
 
 hoc satius, quam si dicas sub judice 'vidi,' 
 quod non vidisti ; faciant equites Asiani 
 quamquam et Cappadoces, faciant equites Bithyni,   15 
 altera quos nudo traducit Gallia talo. 
 nemo tamen studiis indignum ferre laborem . 
 cogetur posthac, nectit quicumque canoris 
 eloquium vocale modis laurumque momordit. 9 
 
SATVRA.VII. 43 
 
 hoc agite, o juveues ! circumspicit et stimulat vos 20 
 
 materiamque sibi ducis iiidulgeutia quaerit. 
 
 si qua aliuude putas rerurn exspectauda tuarum 
 
 praesidia, atque ideo crocea membrana tabella 
 
 impletur, lignorum aliquid posce ocius, et quae 
 
 coraponis dona Veneris, Telesine, marito ; 25 
 
 aut elude et positos tinea pertunde libellos. 
 
 frange miser calaraos vigilataque proelia dele, 
 
 qui facis in parva sublimia carmina cella, 
 
 ut dignus venias hederis et imagine macra. 
 
 spes nulla ulterior : didicit jam dives avarus 30 
 
 tantum adrairari, tantum laudare disertos, 
 
 ut pueri Junonis avem. sed defluit aetas 
 
 et pelagi patiens et cassidis atque ligonis. 
 
 taedia tunc subeuut animos, tunc seque suamque 
 
 Terpsichoren odit facunda et nuda senectus. . 35 
 
 ^ Accipe nunc artes. ne quid tibi conferat iste, — 
 
 quem colis et Musarum et Apollinis aede relicta, 
 
 ipse facit versus atque uui cedit Homero 
 
 propter mille ahnos ; et si dulcedine famae 
 
 succensus recites, maculbsas commodat aedes : 40 
 
 haec longe ferrata domus servire jubetur, ^ 
 
 iirqua sollicitas imitatur janua portas. 
 
 Beit dare libertos extrema in parte sedentis 
 
 ordiuis et magnas comitum disponere voces ; 
 
 nemo dabit regura quanti subsellia constant 45 
 
 et quae conducto pendent anabathra tigillo 
 
 quueque rep6rtaudis posita est orchestra cathedris. 
 
44 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 nos tamen hoc agimus, tenuique in pulvere sulcos 
 
 ducimus, et litus sterili versamus aratro. 
 
 nam si disqedas, laqueo tenet ambitiosi ^ m 50 
 
 consuetudp mali, tenet insanabile multos 
 
 scribendi cacoetnes et aegro in corde senescit. 
 
 sed vatem egregium, cui non sit publica vena, 
 
 qui nihil expositum soleat deducere, nee qui 
 
 communi feriat carmen triviale moneta, 55 
 
 hunc, qualem nequeo monstrare et sentio tantum, - — 
 
 anxietate carens animus facit, omnis acerbi 
 
 impatiens, cupidus silvarum aptusque bibendis 
 
 fontibus Aonidum. neque enim cantare sub antro 
 
 Pierio thyrsumque potest' contingere maesmt^A 60 
 
 paupertas atque aeris inops, quo nocte dieque - 
 
 corpus eget. satur est, cum dicit Horatius ' euhoe ! ' 
 
 qui locus ingenio, nisi cum se carmine solo 
 
 vexant et dojminis Cirrae Nysaeque feruntur 
 
 pectora vestra, duas non admittentia curas ? 65 
 
 magnae mentis opus nee de lojiice pafanda 
 
 attonitae, currus et equos faciesque deorum 
 
 aspicere et qualis Rutulum confundat Erinys. 
 
 nam si Vergilio puer et tolerabile desset 
 
 hospitium, caderent omnes a crinibus hydri, 70 
 
 surda nihil gemeret grave bucina. poscimus, ut sit 
 
 non minor antiquo Rubrenus Lappa cothurno, 
 
 cujus et alveolos et laenam pignerat Atreus? 
 
 non habet infelix Numitor quod mittat amico, 
 
 Quintillae quod donet habet, nee defuit illi 75 
 
SATVRA. VII. 45 
 
 unde emeret multa pascendum carne leonem 
 jam domitum : constat leviori belua sumptu 
 nirairum, et capiunt plus intestina poetae. 
 contentus fama jaceat Lucanus in hortis 
 marmoreis ; at Serrano tenuique Saleio 80 
 
 gloria quantalibet quid erit, si gloria tantum est ? 
 curritur ad vocem jucundam et carmen amicae 
 Thebaidos, laetam cum fecit Statius urbem 
 promisitque diem : tanta dulcedine captos 
 adficit ille animos, tautaque libidine volgi 85 
 
 auditur ; sed cum fregit subsellia versu, 
 esurit, intactam Paridi nisi vendat Agaven. 
 ille et militiae multis largitus honorem 
 seraenstri digitos vatum circumligat auro. 
 quod non dant proceres, dabit histrio. tu Camerinos 90 
 et Baream, tu nobilium magna atria curas? 
 praefectos Pelopea facit, Philomela tribunos. 
 haut tamen invideas vati, quem pulpita pascunt. 
 quis tibi Maecenas, >qu is nunc erit aut Proculeius 
 aut Fabius, quis Cotta iterum, quis Lentulus alter ? 95 
 # tunc par ingenio pretium ; tunc utile multis 
 pallere et vinum toto nescire Decembri. 
 
 Vester porro labor fecundior, historiarum 
 scriptores? petit hie plus temporis atqueolei plus. 
 nullo quippe modo millensima pagiua surgit 100 
 
 omnibus et crescit multa damnosa papyro; 
 sic ingens rerum numerus jubet atque operum lex. 
 quae tamen inde seges, terrae quis fruetus apertae ? 
 
46 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 quis dabit historico, quantum daret actajegenti ? 
 
 1 Sed genus ignavum, quod lecto gaudet et umbra/ 105 
 die igitur, quid causidicis civilia praestent 
 officia et maguo comites in fasce libelli ? 
 ipsi magna sonant, sed turn cum creditor audit 
 praecipue, vel si tetigit latus acrior illo, 
 qui venit ad dubium grandi cum codice nomen. 110 
 
 tunc immensa cavi spirant mendacia folles 
 conspuiturque sinus : veram depraendere messem 
 si libet, hinc centum patrimonia causidicorum, 
 parte alia solum russati pone Lacernae. 
 consedere duces, surgis tu pallidus Ajax, 115 
 
 dicturus dubia pro libertate, bubulco 
 v,judice. rumpe miser tensum jecur, ut tibi lasso 
 figantur virides, scalarum gloria, palmae. 
 quod vocis pretium ? siccus petasunculus et vas 
 pelamydum, aut veteres, Maurorum epimenia, bulbi, 120 
 aut vinum Tiberi devectum, quinque lagonae. 
 si quater egisti, si contigit aureus unus, 
 hide cadunt partes ex foedere pragmaticorum. 
 Aemilio dabitur quantum licet, et melius nos 
 egimus; hujus enim stat currus aeneus, alti 125 
 
 quadrijuges in vestibulis, atque ipse feroci 
 bellatore sedens mrmta^L hastile minatur ^*n*V0, //^ 
 eminus, et statua meditatur proelia lusca. 
 sic Pedo conturbat, Matho deficit ; exitus hie est 
 Tongilii, magno cum rhinocerote lavari 130 
 
 qui solet, et vexat lutulenta balnea turba, 
 
SATVRA VII. 47 
 
 perque forum juvenes longo premit assere Maedos, 
 
 empturus pueros, argentum, murrina, villas ; 
 
 spondet euim Tyrio stlattarib purpura filo. 
 
 et tamen est illis hoc utile ; purpura vendit 135 
 
 causidicum, venduut amethystina ; convenit illis 
 
 et strepitu et facie majoris vivere census. 
 
 [sed finem inpensae non servat prodiga Roma.] 
 
 t'n li in us eloquio ? Ciceroni nemo duceutos 
 
 nunc dederit nummos, nisi fulserit anulus ingens. 140 
 
 respicit haec priraum qui litigat, an tibi servi 
 
 octo, decern comites, an post te sella, togati 
 
 ante pedes, ideo conducta Paul us agebat 
 
 sardonyche, atque ideo pluris quara Gallus agebat, 
 
 quam Basilus. rara in tenui facundia panno. 145 
 
 quando licet Basilo flentem producere matrem? 
 
 quis bene dicentem Basilura ferat ? accipiat te 
 
 Gallia, vel potius ^utrycula^ausidicoru J nr / r > 
 
 Africa, si placuit mercedem ponere linguae. 
 
 Declamare doces ? o ferrea pectora Vetti, 150 
 
 cui perimit saevos classis numerosa tyrannos ! 
 nam quaecumque sedens modo legerat, haec eadem stans 
 perferet atque eadem cantabit versibus isdem ; 
 occidit miseros crambe repetita magistros. 
 quis color et quod sit causae genus atque ubi summa 155 
 (juacstio, quae veniant diversae forte sagittae, 
 nosse velint omnes, mercedem solvere nemo. 
 Mercedem appellas? quid enim scio?' " culpa docentis 
 scilicet arguitur, quod laeva parte mamillae 
 
48 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 nil salit Arcadico juveni, cujus mihi sexta 160 
 
 quaque die miserum dims caput Annibal implet ; 
 
 quidquid id est, de quo deliberat, an petat urbem 
 
 a Cannis, an post nimbos et fulmina cautus 
 
 circumagat madidas a tempestate cohortes. 
 
 quantum vis stipulare, et protinus accipe, quod do, 165 
 
 ut totiens ilium pater audiat." haec alii sex 
 
 vel plures uno conclamant ore sophistae, 
 
 et veras agitant lites raptore relicto ; 
 
 fusa venena silent, malus ingratusque maritus, 
 
 et quae jam veteres sanant mor^Lria caecos. 170 
 
 ergo sibi dabit ipse rudem, si nostra movebunt 
 
 consilia, et vitae diversum iter ingredietur, 
 
 ad pugnam qui rhetorica descendit ab umbra, 
 
 summula ne pereat, qua vilis tessera venit 
 
 frumenti : quippe haec merces lautissima. tempta, 175 
 
 Chrysogonus quanti doceat vel Polio quanti 
 
 lautorum pueros : artem scindes Theodori. 
 
 balnea sescentis, et pluris porticus, in qua 
 
 gestetur dominus, quotiens pluit — anne serenum 
 
 exspectet spargatque luto jumenta recenti? 180 
 
 [hie potius, namque hie mundae nitet ungula mulae.] 
 
 parte alia longis Numidarum fulta columnis 
 
 surgat et algentem rapiat cenatio solem. 
 
 quanticumque domus, veniet qui iercula docte 
 
 conponat, veniet qui plujmentaria condiat. 185 
 
 hos inter sumptus sestertia Quintiliano, 
 
 ut multum, duo sufficient : res nulla minoris 
 
SATVRA VII. 49 
 
 * 
 
 constabit patri quam Alius. ' unde igitur tot 
 
 Quintilianus habet saltus?' exempla novorum 
 
 fatorum transi : felix et pulcher et acer, 190 
 
 felix et sapiens et nobilis et generosus 
 
 adpositam nigrae lunam subtexit alutae ;' 
 
 felix orator quoque maximus et jaculator, 
 
 et, si perfrixit, cantat bene, distat enira, quae 
 
 sidera te excipiant modo primos incipientem 195 
 
 edere vagitus et adhuc a matre rubentem. 
 
 si Fortuna volet, fies de rhetore consul ; 
 
 si volet haec eadem, fies de consule rhetor. 
 
 Ventidius quid enira ? quid Tullius ? anne aliud quam 
 
 sidus et occulti miranda potentia fati ? 200 
 
 servis regna dabunt, captivis fata triumphum. 
 
 felix ille tamen corvo quoque rarior albo. 
 
 paenituit multos vanae sterilisque cathedrae, 
 
 siout Tharsymachi probat exitus atque Secundi 
 
 Carrinatis : et hunc inopem vidistis, Athenae, 205 
 
 nil praeter gelidas ausae conferre cicutas. 
 
 di, majorum umbris tenuem et sine pondere' terram 
 
 spirantisque crocos et in urna perpetuum ver, 
 
 qui praeceptorera sancti voluere parentis 
 
 esse loco ! metuens virgae jam grandis Achilles 210 
 
 cantabat patri is in montibus et cui non tunc 
 
 « 
 
 (Turret risum citharoedi cauda magistri ; 
 
 sed Rufum atque alios caedit sua quemque juventus, 
 
 Rufum, quern totiens Ciceronem Allobroga dixit, 
 
 Quis gremio Celadi doctique Palaemonis adfert 215 
 4— Juv. E 
 
50 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 quantum grammaticus meruit labor ? et tamen ex hoc 
 
 quodcumque est (minus est autem quam rhetoris aera) 
 
 discipuli custos praemordet acoenonetus, 
 
 et qui dispensat, franget sibi. cede, Palaemon, 
 
 et patere inde aliquid decrescere, non aliter quam 220 
 
 institor hibernae tegetis niveique cadurci : 
 
 dummodo non pereatj mediae quod noctis ab hora 
 
 sedisti, qua nemo faber, qua nemo sederet, 
 
 qui docet obliquo lanam deducere ferro ; 
 
 dummodo non pereat, totidem olfecisse lucernas, 225 
 
 quot stabant pueri, cum totus decolor esset 
 
 Flaccus et haereret nigro fuligo Maroni. 
 
 rara tamen merces, quae cognitione tribuni 
 
 non egeat. sed vos saevas inponite leges, 
 
 ut praeceptori verborum regula constet, 230 
 
 ut legat historias, auctores noverit omnes 
 
 tamquam ungues digitosque suos, ut forte rogatus, 
 
 dum petit aut thermas aut Phoebi balnea, dicat 
 
 nutricem Anchisae, nomen patriamque novercae 
 
 Anchemoli, dicat quot Acestes vixerit annis, 235 
 
 quot Siculi Phrygibus vini donaverit urnas. 
 
 exigite ut mores teneros ceu pollice ducat, 
 
 ut si quis cera voltum facit ; exigite ut sit 
 
 et pater ipsius coetus, ne turpia ludant. 
 
 ' haec/ inquit, ' cura ; set cum se verterit annus, 240 
 
 accipe, victori populus quod postulate, aurum.' 
 
SATVRA VIII. 51 
 
 VIII. 
 
 Steramata quid faciunt ? quid prodest, Poutice, longo 
 
 sanguine censen, pictos ostendere vultus 
 
 niajorum, et stantis in curribus Aemilianos, 
 
 et Curios jam dimidios, umerosque minorem 
 
 Corvinum, et Galbam auriculjs nasoque carenteni ? 5 
 
 quis fructus, generis tabula jaetareYcapaci 
 
 [Corvinum, posthac multa contingere virga] 
 
 fumosos equitum cum dictatore magistros, 
 
 si coram Lepidis male vivitur ? effigies quo 
 
 tot bellatorum, si luditur alea pernox 10 
 
 ante Numantinos, si dormire incipis ortu 
 
 luciferi, quo signa duces et castra movebant? 
 
 cur Allobrogicis et magna gaudeat ara 
 
 natus in Herculeo Fabius lare, si cupidus, si 
 
 vanus et Euganea quantumvis mollior agna, 15 
 
 si tenerum attritus Catinensi pumice lumbuin 
 
 squaleutis traducit avos, emptorque veneni 
 
 frangenda miseram funestat imagine gentem ? 
 
 tota licet veteres exornent undique cerae 
 
 atria, nobiHtas sola est atque unica virtus. 20 
 
 Paulus vel Cossus vel Drusus moribus esto; 
 
 hos ante effigies majorum pone tuorum, 
 
 praecedant ipsas ill! te consule virgas. 
 
 prima mihi debes animi bona, sanctus haberi 
 
 justitiaeque tenax factis dictisque mereris, 25 
 
 adgnosco procerem : salve, Gaetulice, seu tu 
 
52 D. IVNII IVVENALI8 
 
 Silanus. quocumque alio de sanguine rarus 
 
 civis et egregius patriae contingis ovanti, 
 
 exclamare libet, populus quod clamat Osiri 
 
 invento. quis enim generosum dixerit hunc, qui 30 
 
 indignus genere et praeclaro nomine tantum 
 
 insignis? nanum cujusdam Atlanta vocamus, 
 
 Aethiopem Cycnum, parvam extortamque puellam 
 
 Europen ; canibus pigris scabieque vetusta 
 
 levibus et siccae lambentibus ora lucernae 35 
 
 nomen, erit pardus, tigris, leo, si quid adhuc est 
 
 quod iremaMn^errTs/violentius. ergo cavebis 
 
 et metues, ne tu sic Creticus aut Camerinus. 
 
 His ego quem raonui ? tecum est mihi sermo, Rubelli 
 Blande. tumes alto Drusorum stemmate, tamquam 40 
 feceris ipse aliquid, propter quod nobilis esses, 
 ut te conciperet quae sanguine fulget Iuli, 
 non quae ventoso conducta sub aggere texit. 
 1 vos humiles/ inquis, ' vulgi pars ultima nostri, 
 quorum nemo queat patriam monstrare parentis : 45 
 
 ast ego Cecropides.' vivas et originis hujus 
 gaudia longa feras ! tamen ima plebe Quiritem 
 facundum invenies ; solet hie defendere causas 
 nobilis indocti ; veniet de plebe togata, 
 qui juris nodos et legum aenigmata solvat. 50 
 
 hie petit Euphraten juvenis domitique Batavi 
 custodes aquilas, armis imiustrius : at tu 
 nil nisi Cecropidesiruncoque simillimus Hermae. 
 nullo quippe alio vincis discrimine, quam quod 
 
SATVRA VIII. 53 
 
 illi marmoreum caput est, tua vivit imago. 55 
 
 die mihi, Teucrorum proles, animalia muta 
 
 quis generosa putet, nisi lortia? nempe volucrem 
 
 sic laudamus equum, facili cui plurima palma 
 
 fervet et exultat rauco victoria circo. 
 
 nobilis hie. quocumque venit de gramine, cujus 60 
 
 clara ftiga ante alios et primus in aequore pulvis ; 
 
 sed venale pecus Coryphaei posteritas et 
 
 Hirpini, si rara jugo Victoria sedit. 
 
 nil ibi majorum respectus, gratia nulla 
 
 umbrarum ; dominos pretiis mutare jubentur 65 
 
 exiguis, trito ducunt epiredia collo 
 
 segnipedes dignique molam versare Nepotis. f 
 
 ergo ut miremur te, non tua, privumanquid da, 
 
 quod possim titulis incidere praeter honores, 
 
 quos illis damus ac dedimus, quibus omnia debes. 70 
 
 Haec satis ad juvenem, quem nobis fama superbum 
 
 tradit et inflatum plenumque Nerone propinquo. 
 
 rarus enim ferme sensus communis in ilia 
 
 fortuna ; sed te censeri laude tuorum, 
 
 Pontice, noluerim sic ut nihil ipse futurae 75 
 
 laudis agas. miserum est aliorum incumbere famae, 
 
 ne conlapsa ruant subductis tecta columnis. 
 
 stratus humi palmes viduas desiderat ulmos. 
 
 esto bonus miles, tutor bonus, arbiter idem 
 
 integer, ambiguae si quando citabere testis 80 
 
 incertaeque rei, Phalaris licet imperet ut sis 
 
 falsus et admoto dictet perjuria tauro, 
 E2 
 
54 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 summum crede nefas animam praeferre pudori 
 
 et propter vitam vivendi perdere causas. 
 
 dignus morte perit, cenet licet ostrea centum 85 
 
 Gaurana et Cosmi toto mergatur aeno. 
 
 expectata diu tandem provincia cum te 
 
 rectorem accipiet, pone irae frena modumque, 
 
 pone et avaritiae, miserere inopum sociorum : 
 
 ossa vides regum vacuis exucta medullis. 90 
 
 respice, quid moneant leges, quid curia mandet, 
 
 praemia quanta bonos maneant, quam fulmine justo 
 
 et Capito et Numitor ruerint, damnante senatu, 
 
 piratae Cilicum. sed quid dammxtio confert? 
 
 praeconem, Chaerippe, tuis circumspice pannis, 95 
 
 cum Pansa eripiat, quidquid tibi Natta reliquit, 
 
 jamque tace ; furor est post omnia perdere naulon. 
 
 non idem gemitus olim neque vulnus erat par 
 
 damnorum sociis florentibus et modo victis. 
 
 plena domus tunc omnis, et ingens stabat acervos 100 
 
 nummorum, Spartana chlamys, conchylia Coa, 
 
 et cum Parrasii tabulis signisque Myronis 
 
 Phidiacum vivebat ebur, nee non Polycliti 
 
 multus ubique labor, rarae sine Mentore mensae. 
 
 inde Dolabellae atque hinc Antonius, inde 105 
 
 sacrilegus Verres referebant navibus altis 
 
 occulta spolia et plures de pace triumphos. 
 
 nunc sociis juga pauca bourn ; grex parvus equarum 
 
 et pater armenti capto eripietur agello, 
 
 ipsi deinde lares, si quod spectabile signum, 110 
 
SATVRA VIII. 55 
 
 [si quis in aedicula deus unicus. haec etenim sunt 
 
 pro summis, nam sunt haec maxima, despicias tu] 
 
 forsitan inbellis Rhodios unctamque Corinthon, 
 
 despicias merito ; quid resinata juventus 
 
 cruraque totius facieut tibi levia gentis? 115 
 
 horrida vitanda est Hispania, Gallicus axis 
 
 Illyricumque latus ; parce et messoribus illis, 
 
 qui saturant urbem circo scenaeque vacantem. 
 
 quanta autem inde feres tarn dirae praemia culpae, 
 
 cum tenues nuper Marius discinxerit Afros? 120 
 
 curandum in primis, ne magna injuria fiat 
 
 fortibus et miseris. tollas licet omne quod usquam est 
 
 auri atque argenti, scutum gladiumque relinques 
 
 [et jaculum et galeam : spoliatis arma supersunt], 
 
 quod modo proposui, non est sententia, verum est ; 125 
 
 credite me vobis folium recitare Sibyllae. 
 
 si tibi sancta cohors comitum, si nemo tribunal 
 
 vendit acersecomes, si nullum in conjuge crimen, 
 
 nee per conventus et cuncta per oppida curvis 
 
 unguibus ire parat nummos raptura Celaeno, 130 
 
 tu licet a Pico numeres genus, altaque si te 
 
 nomina delectant, omnem Titanida pugnam 
 
 inter majores ipsumque Promethea ponas : 
 
 de quocumque voles proavum tibi sumito libro. 
 
 quod si praecipitem rapit ambitio atque libido, 135 
 
 si frangis virgas sociorum in sanguine, si te 
 
 delectant hebetra lasso lictore secures, 
 
 incipit ipsorum contra te stare parentum 
 
56 D.IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 nobilitas claramque facem praeferre pudendis. 
 
 omne animi vitium tanto conspectius in se 140 
 
 crimen habet, quanto major qui peccat habetur. 
 
 quo mihi te solitum falsas signare tabellas 
 
 in templis quae fecit avus statuamque parentis 
 
 ante triumphalem ? quo, si nocturnus adulter 
 
 tempora Santonico velas adoperta cucullo ? 145 
 
 Praeter majorum cineres atque ossa volucri 
 carpento rapitur pinguis Lateranus, et ipse, 
 ipse rotam astringit multo sufflamine consul, 
 nocte quidem, sed luna videt, sed sidera testes 
 intendunt oculos. finitum tempus honoris 150 
 
 cum fuerit, clara Lateranus luce flagellum 
 sumet et occursum numquam trepidabit amici 
 jam senis, ac virga prior annuet atque maniplos 
 solvet et infundet jumentis hordea lassis. 
 iuterea, dum lanatas robumque juvencum 155 
 
 more Numae caedit Jo vis ante altaria, jurat 
 solam Eponam et facies olida ad praesepia pictas. 
 sed cum pervigiles placet instaurare popinas, 
 obvius adsiduo Syrophoenix udus amomo 
 [currit, Idumaeae Syrophoenix incola portae,] 160 
 
 hospitis adfectu dominum regemque salutat, 
 et cum venali Cyane succincta lagona. 
 defensor culpae dicat mihi ' fecimus et nos 
 haec juvenes.' esto. desisti nempe, nee ultra 
 fovisti errorem. breve sit, quod turpiter audes ; 165 
 quaedam cum prima resecentur crimina barba ; 
 
SATVRA VIII. 57 
 
 indulge veniam pueris. Lateranus ad illos 
 
 thermarum calices inscriptaque lintea vadit 
 
 maturus bello Armeniae Syriaeque tuendis 
 
 amnibus et Rheno atque Histro ; praestare Neronem 170 
 
 securum valet haec aetas. mitte Ostia, Caesar, 
 
 mitte, sed in magna legatum quaere popina ; 
 
 invenies aliquo cum percussore jacentem, 
 
 permixtum nautis et furibus ac fugitivis, 
 
 inter carnifices et fabros sandapilarum 175 
 
 et resupinati cessantia tympana galli. 
 
 aequa ibi libertas, communia pocula, lectus 
 
 non alius cuiquam, nee mensa remotior ulli. 
 
 quid facias talem sortitus, Pontice, servum ? 
 
 nempe in Lucanos aut Tusca ergastula mittas. 180 
 
 at vos, Trojugenae, vobis ignoscitis, et quae 
 
 turpia cerdoni, Volesos Brutumque decebunt. 
 
 Quid, si numquam adeo foedis adeoque pudendis 
 utimur exemplis, ut non pejora supersint? 
 consumptis opibus vocem, Damasippe, locasti 185 
 
 sipario, clamosum ageres ut Phasma Catulli. 
 Laureolum velox etiam bene Lentulus egit, 
 judice me dignus vera cruce. nee tamen ipsi 
 ignoscas populo: populi frons durior hujus, 
 qui sedet et spectat triscurria patriciorum, 190 
 
 planipedes audit Fabios, ridere potest qui 
 Mamercorum alapas. quanti sua funera vendant, 
 quid refert? vendunt nullo cogente Nerone, 
 nee dubitant celsi praetoris vendere ludis. 
 
58 B. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 finge tamen gladios inde atque bine pulpita poni, 195 
 
 quid satius ? mortem sic quisquam exhorruit, ut sit 
 
 zelotypus Thymeles, stupidi collega Corinthi ? 
 
 res haut mira tamen citharoedo principe mimus 
 
 nobilis. haec ultra quid erit nisi ludus ? et illic 
 
 dedecus urbis babes, nee myrmillonis in armis, 200 
 
 nee clipeo Gracchum pugnantem aut falce supina. 
 
 damnat enim tales habitus, et damnat et odit, 
 
 nee galea faciem abscondit. movet ecce tridentem, 
 
 postquam vibrata pendentia retia dextra 
 
 nequiquam effudit, nudum ad spectacula voltum 205 
 
 erigit, et tota fugit agnoscendus harena. 
 
 credamus e tunicae|.de faucibus aurea cum se 
 
 porrigat et longo jactetur spira galero ? 
 
 ergo ignominiam graviorem pertulit omni 
 
 vulnere cum Graccbo jussus pugnare secutor. 210 
 
 Libera si dentur populo suffragia, quis tarn 
 perditus, ut dubitet Senecam praeferre Neroni, 
 cujus supplicio non debuit una parari 
 simia nee serpens unus nee culleus unus ? 
 par Agamemnonidae crimen, sed causa facit rem 215 
 dissimilem : quippe ille deis auctoribus ultor 
 patris erat caesi media inter pocula ; sed nee 
 Electrae jugulo se polluit aut Spartani 
 sanguine conjugii, nullis aconita propinquis 
 miscuit, in scena numquam cantavit Orestes, 220 
 
 Troica non scripsit. quid enim Verginius armis 
 debuit ulcisci magis, aut cum Vindice Galba, 
 
SATVRA VIII. 59 
 
 quod Nero tam saeva crudaque tyrannide fecit ? 
 haec opera atque hae sunt generosi principis artes, 
 gaudentis foedo peregrina ad pulpita cantu 225 
 
 prostitui Graiaeque apium meruisse coronae. 
 majorum effigies habeant insignia vocis, 
 ante pedes Doiuiti longum tu poue Thyestae 
 syrma vel Antigones aut personam Menalippes, 
 et de marmoreo citharam suspende colosso. 230 
 
 Quid, Catilina, tuis natalibus atque Cethegi 
 inveniet quisquani sublimius ? anna tamen vos 
 nocturna et flammas domibus templisque paratis, 
 ut Bracatorum pueri Senonumque minores, 
 ausi quod liceat tunica punire molesta. 235 
 
 sed vigilat consul vexillaque vestra coercet. 
 hie novus Arpinas, ignobilis et modo Romae 
 municipals eques, galeatum ponit ubique 
 praesidium attonitis et in omni monte laborat. 
 tantum igitur muros intra toga contulit ill! - L ' 240 
 nominis ac tituli, quantum vlx Leucade, quantum 
 Tliessaliae campis Octavius abstulit udo 
 caedibus assiduis gladio ; set Roma parentem, 
 Roma patrem patriae Ciceronem libera dixit. 
 Arpinas alius Volscorum in monte solebat 245 
 
 poscere mercedes, alieno lassus aratro ; 
 nodosam post haec frangebat vertice vitem, 
 Bi lent us nigra muniret castra dolabra: 
 nir tamen et Cimbros et summa pencula rerum 
 exctpit, et solus trepidantem protegit urbem ; 250 
 
60 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 atque ideo, postquam ad Cimbros stragemque volabant 
 qui numquam attigerant niajora cadavera corvi, 
 nobilis ornatur lauro collega secunda. 
 plebeiae Deciorum animae, plebeia fuerunt 
 nomina : pro totis legionibus hi tamen et pro 255 
 
 omnibus auxiliis atque onmi pube Latina 
 sufficiunt dis infernis terraeque parenti ; 
 pluris enim Decii, quam quae servantur ab illis. 
 ancilla natus trabeam et diadema Quirini 
 et fasces meruit, regum ultimus ille bonorum. 260 
 
 prodita laxabant portarum claustra tyrannis 
 exulibus juvenes ipsius eonsulis et quos 
 magnum aliquid dubia pro libertate deceret, 
 quod miraretur cum Coclite Mucius et quae 
 imperii fines Tiberinum virgo natavit. 265 
 
 occulta ad patres produxit crimina servus, 
 matronis lugendus ; at illos verbera justis 
 ^^adficiunt poenis et legum prima securis. 
 
 Malo pater tibi sit Thersites, dummodo tu sis 
 Aeacidae similis Vulcaniaque arma capessas, 270 
 
 quam te Thersitae similem producat Achilles, 
 et tamen, ut longe repetas longeque revolvas 
 nomen, ab infami gentem deducis asylo : 
 majorum primus, quisquis fuit ille, tuorum, 
 aut pastor fuit aut illud quod dicere nolo. 275 
 
SATVRA X. 61 
 
 Omnibus in terris, quae sunt a Gadibus usque 
 Auroram et Gangen, pauci dinoscere possunt 
 vera bona atque illis multum diversa, renSota 
 erroris nebula, quid enim ratioue timemus 
 aut cupimus ? quid tarn dextro pede coneipis, ut te 5 
 conatus non paeniteat votique peracti ? 
 evertere domos totas optantibus ipsis 
 di faciles ; nocitura toga, nocitura petuntur 
 militia ; torrens dicendi copia multis 
 et sua mortifera est facundia ; viribus ille 10 
 
 coufisus periit admirandisque lacertis. 
 sed plures nimia congesta pecunia cura 
 strangulat et cuncta exuperans patrimonia census", 
 quanto delphinis ballaena Britannica majoV. 
 tempo ribus diris igitur jussuque Neronis 15 
 
 Longinum et magnos Senecae praedivitis hortos 
 clausit et egregias Lateranorum obsidet aedes 
 tota cobors. rarus venit in cenacula miles, 
 pauca licet portes argenti vascula puri, 
 nocte iter ingressus gladium contumque timebis, \ 20 
 et motae ad lunam trepidabis harundinis umbras : 
 cantabit vacuus coram latrone viator. ") 
 prima fere vota et cunctis notissima templis 
 divitiae, crescant ut opes, ut maxima toto 
 nostra sit area foro. sed nulla aconita bibuntur 25 
 
 fictilibus ; tunc ilia time, cum pocula sumes 
 / F 
 
62 B. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 gemmata et lato Setinum ardebit in auro. 
 jamne igitur laudas, quod de sapientibus alter 
 ridebat, quotiens de limine moverat uiium 
 protuleratque pedem, flebat contrarius auctor ? 30 
 
 sed facilis cuivis rigidi censura cachinni : 
 mirandum est, unde ille oculis sufFecerit umor. 
 perpetuo risu pulmonem agitare solebat 
 Democritus, quamquam non essent urbibus illis 
 praetexta et trabeae, fasces, lectica, tribunal. 35 
 
 quid si vidisset praetorem curribus altis 
 exstantem, et medii sublimem pulvere circi 
 in tunica Jovis, et pictae Sarrana ferentem 
 ex umeris aulaea togae, raagnaeque coronae 
 tantum orbem quanto cervix non sufficit ulla ? 40 
 
 quippe tenet sudans hanc publicus et, sibi consul 
 ne placeat, curru servus portatur eodem. 
 da nunc et volucrem, sceptro quae surgit eburno, 
 illinc cornicines, hinc praecedentia longi 
 agminis officia et niveos ad frena Quirites, 45 
 
 defossa in loculis quos sportula fecit araicos. 
 turn quoque raateriam risus invenit ad omnis 
 occursus hominum, cujus prudentia monstrat 
 summos posse viros et magna exempla daturos 
 vervecum in patria crassoque sub aere nasci. 50 
 
 ridebat curas, nee non et gaudia vulgi, 
 interdum et lacrimas, cum Fortunae ipse minaci 
 mandaret laqueum mediumque ostenderet unguem. 
 Ergo supervacua aut vel perniciosa petuntur : 
 
SATVRA X. 63 
 
 propter quae fas est genua incerare deorum. 55 
 
 Quosdam praecipitat subjecta potentia magnae 
 iuvidiae ; mergit longa atque insignis honorum 
 pagina. descendunt statuae restemque sequuntur, 
 ipsas deinde rotas bigarum i n pacta securis Q **Ap-y . 
 caedit, et inmeritis frauguntur crura caballis : 60 
 
 jam strident ignes, jam follibus atque caminis 
 ardet adoratum populo caput, et crepat ingens 
 Sejanus ; deinde ex facie toto orbe secunda 
 fiunt urceoli, pelves, sartagp, matellae. 
 pone domi laurus, due in Capitolia magnum 65 
 
 cretatumque bovem, Sejanus ducitur unco 
 spectandus ! gaudent omnes.   quae labra, quis illi 
 vultus erat ! numquam, si quid niihi credis, amavi 
 hunc hominem. sed quo cecidit sub crimine ? quisnam 
 delator ? quibus indiciis, quo teste probavit ? ' 70 
 
 " nil horum, verbosa et grandis epistula venit 
 a Capreis." * bene habet ; nil plus interrogo. sed quid 
 turba Remi?' "sequitur fortunam, ut semper, et odit 
 damnatos ; idem populus, si Nortia Tusco 
 favisset, si oppressa foret secura senectus 75 
 
 principis, liac ipsa Sejanum diceret hora 
 Augustum. jam pridem, ex quo suffragia nulli 
 vendimus, effudit curas ; nam qui dabat olim 
 imperiura, fasces, legiones, omnia, nunc se 
 continet atque duas tautum res anxius optat, 80 
 
 pancm et circenses." ' perituros audio multos.' 
 ** nil dubium, magna est ifornacula." 'pallidulus mi 
 
64 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 Brutidius meus ad Martis fuit obvius aram. 
 quam tiraeo, victus ne poenas exigat Ajax 
 ut male defensus ! curramus praecipites et, 85 
 
 dum jacet in ripa, (calcemus Caesaris hostem. 
 sed videant servi, ne quis neget et pavidum in Jus 
 cervice obstricta dominum trahat.' hi sermones 
 tunc de Sejano, secreta haec murmura vulgi. 
 visne salutari sicut Sejanus ? habere 90 
 
 tantundem, atque illi summas donare curules, 
 ilium exercitibus praeponere, tutor haberi 
 prmcipis angusta Caprearum in rape sedentis 
 cum grege Chaldaeo ? vis certe pila, cohortes, 
 egregios equites, et castra domestica ? quidni 95 
 
 haec cupias ? et qui nolunt occidere quemquam, 
 t posse volunt. sed quae praeclara et prospera tanti, 
 ' ut rebus laetis par sit mensura malorum? 
 
 hujus, qui trahitur, praetextam sumere mavis, . 
 
 an Fidenarum Gabiorumque esse potestas 100 
 
 et de mensura jus dicere, vasa minora 
 
 frangere, pannosus vacuis aedilis Ulubris ? 
 
 ergo quid optandum foret, ignorasse fateris 
 
 Sejanum ; nam qui nimios optabat honores 
 
 et niraias poscebat opes, numerosa parabat 105 
 
 excelsae turn's tabulata, unda altior esset 
 
 casus et impulsae praeceps immane ruinae. 
 
 quid Crassos, quid Pompeios evertit, et ilium 
 
 ad sua qui domitos deduxit flagra Quirites ? 
 
 summus nempe locus nulla non arte petitus, 110 
 
SATVRA X. 65 
 
 magnaque numinibus vota exaudita malignis. 
 
 ad generum Cereris sine caede ac vulnere pauci 
 
 descendunt reges et sicca morte tyranni. 
 
 Eloquium ac famam Demosthenis aut Ciceronis 
 
 incipit optare et totis quinquatribus optat, 115 
 
 quisquis adhuc uno parcam colit asse Minervam, 
 
 quern sequitur custos angustae yjernula capsae. 
 
 eloquio sed uterque pent orator, utrumque 
 
 largus et exundans leto dedit ingenii fons. 
 
 iDgenio manus est et cervix caesa, nee umquam 120 
 
 sanguine causidici maduerunt rostra pusilli. 
 
 1 o fortunatam natam me consule Romam ! ' 
 
 Antoni gladios potuit contemnere, si sic 
 
 omnia dixisset. ridenda poemata malo, 
 
 quam te conspicuae, divina Philippica, famae, 125. 
 
 volveris a prima quae proxima. saevus et ilium 
 
 exitus eripuit, quern mirabantur Athenae 
 
 torrentem et pleni moderantem frena theatri : 
 
 dis ille adversis genitus fatoque sinistro, 
 
 quem pater ardentis massae fuligine lippus 130 
 
 a carbone et forcipibus gladiosque parante 
 
 incude et luteo Vulcano ad rhetora misit. ^ 
 
 . Bellorum exuviae, truncis adfixa tropaeis 
 
 lonca, et tracts de casside buccula pendens, 
 
 artum temone jugum, victaeque triremis 135 
 
 apiustre, et summo tnstis captivos in arcu, 
 
 humanis majora bonis creduntur. ad hoc se 
 
 Jlomanus Graiusque et barbarus induperator \ — -ytak-*-*. 
 5 — Juv. ' F2 
 
bb D. IVNII IVVENALI8 
 
 erexit : causas discriminis atque laboris 
 
 inde habuit. tanto major famae sitis est quam 140 
 
 virtutis ; quis enim virtutem ainplectitur ipsam, 
 
 praemia si tollas ? patriani tamen obruit olim 
 
 gloria paucorum et laudis titulique cupido 
 
 haesuri saxis ciiierum custodibus, ad quae 
 
 discutienda valent sterilis mala robora fici, 145 
 
 quandoquidem data sunt ipsis quoque fata sepulchris. 
 
 expende Hannibalem, quot libras in duce summo 
 
 invenies ? hie est, quern non capit Africa Mauro 
 
 percussa Oceano Niloque admo/a tepenti, 
 
 rursus ad Aethiopum populos altosque elephantos. 150 
 
 additur imperils Hispania, Pyrenaeum 
 
 transilit. opposuit natura Alpemque nivemque, 
 
 diducit scopulos et montem rumpit aceto. 
 
 jam tenet Italiam, tamen ultra pergere tendit. 
 
 ' actum,' inquit, ' nihil est, nisi Poeno milite portas 155 
 
 frangimus et media vexillum pono Subura.' 
 
 o qualis facies et quali digna tabella, 
 
 cum Gaetula ducem portaret belua luscum ! 
 
 exitus ergo quis est? o gloria! vincitur idem 
 
 nempe et in exilium praeceps fugit atque ibi magnus 160 
 
 mirandusque cliens sedet ad praetoria regis, 
 
 donee Bithyno libeat vigilare tyranno. 
 
 finem animae, quae res humanas miscuit olim, 
 
 non gladii, non saxa dabunt, nee tela, sed ille 
 
 Cannarum vindex et tanti sanguinis ultor 165 
 
 anulus. i, demens, et saevas curre per Alpes, 
 
SATVRA X. 67 
 
 ut pueris placeas et declamatio fias ! 
 v unus Pellaeo juveni non sufficit orbis, 
 aostuat ini'elix angusto limite mundi, 
 ut Gyari clausus scopulis parvaque Seripho ; 170 
 
 cum tamen a figulis niunitam iutraverit urbem, 
 
 ^sarcophago contentus erit. niors sola fatetur, 
 quantiua sint hominum coB^sciifa. creditui* olim 
 
 . 
 
 velificatus Athos et quidquid Graecia mendax 
 
 audet in historia, constratura classibus tsdem 175 
 
 suppositumque rotis solidum mare credimus, altos 
 
 defecisse amnes epotaque flumina Medo 
 
 prandente, et madidis cantat quae Sostratus alis. 
 
 ille tamen qualis rediit Sakimine relicta, 
 
 in Corum atque Eurum solitus saevire flagellis 180 
 
 barbarus, Aeolio numquam hoc in carcere passos, 
 
 ipsum compedibus qui vinxerat Ennosigaeum — 
 
 mitius id sane, quod non et stigmate dignum 
 
 credidit. huic quisquam vellet servire deorum ! — 
 
 sed qualis rediit ? nempe una nave, cruentis 185 
 
 fluctibus, ac tarda per densa cadavera prora. 
 
 has totiens optata exegit gloria poenas ! 
 
 'Da spatium vitae, multos da, Juppiter, annos!' 
 hoc recto vultu, solum hoc et pallidus optas. 
 Bed 411am continuis et quantis longa senectus 190 
 
 plena malis ! deformem et taetrum ante omnia vultum 
 dis8imilemque sui, deformem pro cute pellem 
 pendentisque genas et talis aspice ru^s7 
 quales, umbriferos ubi pandit Thabraca saltus, 
 
68 D. IVNII IVVENALI8 
 
 in vetula scalpit jam mater simia bucca. 195 
 
 plurima sunt juvenum discrimina ; pulchrior ille 
 
 hoc, atque ille alio, multum hie robustior illo ; 
 
 una senum facies, cum voce trementia membra 
 
 et jam leve caput madidique infantia nasi, 
 
 frangendus misero gingiva panis inermi. 200 
 
 usque adeo gravis uxori natisque sibique, 
 
 ut captatori moveat fastidia Cosso. ^ 
 
 non eadeni vini atque cibi torpente palato 203 
 
 gaudia aspice partis 
 
 nunc damnum alterius. nam quae cantante voluptas, $10 
 
 sit licet eximius citharoedus sitve Seleucus 
 
 et quibus aurata mos est fulgere lacerna ? 
 
 quid refert, magni sedeat qua parte theatri, 
 
 qui vix cornicines exaudiet atque tubarum 
 
 concentus ? clamore opus est, ut sentiat auris, 215 
 
 quem dicat venisse puer, quot nuntiet horas. 
 
 praeterea minimus gelido jam in corpore sanguis 
 
 febre calet sola ; circumsilit agmine facto 
 
 morborum omne genus, quorum si nomina quaeras, 
 
 promptius expediam, quot amaverit Oppia moechos 
 
 quot Themison aegros autumno occiderit uno ; 221 
 
 percurram citius, quot villas possideat nunc, 225 
 
 quo tondente gravis juveni mihi barba sonabat. 
 
 ille umero, hie lumbis, hie coxa debilis ; ambos 
 
 perdidit ille oculos et luscis invidet ; hujus 
 
 pallida labra cibum accipiunt digitis alienis, 
 
 ipse ad conspectum cenae diducere rictum 230 
 
Jt* 
 
 SATVRA X. 69 
 
 suetus hiat tan turn, ceu pullus hirundinis, ad quern 
 
 ore volat pleno mater jejunal sed omni 
 
 membrorum damno major dementia, quae nee 
 
 nomina serve-rum nee vultum agnoscit amici, 
 
 cum quo praeterita cenavit nocte, nee illos, 235 — -I 
 
 quos genuit, quos eduxit. nam codice saevo 
 
 heredes vetat esse suos, bona tota feruntur 
 
 ad Phialen ; tantum artificis valet halitus ori.s 
 
 quod steterat multis in carcere fornicis annis. 
 
 ut vigeant sensus animi, ducenda tamen sunt 240 
 
 funera natorum, rogus aspiciendus amatae 
 
 conjugis et fratris plenaeque sororibus urnae. 
 
 haec data poena diu viventibus, ut renovata 
 
 semper clade domus multis in luctibus inque 
 
 perpetuo maerore et nigra veste senescant. 245 
 
 rex Pylius, magno si quidquam credis Homero, 
 
 exemplum vitae fuit a cornice secundae. 
 
 felix nimirum, qui tot per saecula mortem 
 
 distulit atque suos jam dextra computat annos, 
 
 quique novum totiens mustum bibit. oro, parumper 250 
 
 attendas, quantum de legibus ipse queratur 
 
 fatorum et nimio de stamine, cum videt acris 
 
 Amiloehi barbam ardentem, cum quaerit ab omni 
 
 quisquis adest socius, cur haec in tempora duret, 
 
 quod facinus dignum tam longo admiserit aevo ? 255 
 
 haec eadem Peleus, raptum cum luget Achillem, 
 
 atque alius, cui fas Ithacum lugere natantem. 
 
 incolumi Troja Priamus venisset ad umbras 
 
70 D.IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 IAssaraci magnis sollemnibus, Hectore funus 
 portante ac reliquis fratrum cervicibus inter 260 
 
 Iliadum lacrimas, ut primos edere planctus 
 Cassandra inciperet scissaque Polyxena palla, 
 si foret exstinctus diverso tempore, quo non 
 coeperat audaces Paris aedificare carinas, 
 longa dies igitur quid contulit ? omnia vidit 265 
 
 eversa et flammis Asiam ferroque cadentem. 
 tunc miles tremulus posita tulit arma tiara 
 et ruit ante aram summi Jovis, ut vetulus bos, 
 qui domini cultris tenue et miserabile collum 
 praebet, ab ingrato jam fastiditus aratro. 270 
 
 exitus ille utcumque hominis, sed torva canino 
 latravit rictu, quae post bunc vixerat, uxor, 
 festino ad nostros, et regem transeo Ponti 
 et Croesum, quern vox justi facunda Solonis 
 respicere ad longae jussit spatia ultima vitae. 275 
 
 exilium et career Minturnarumque paludes 
 et mendicatus victa Carthagine panis 
 hinc causas habuere. quid illo cive tulisset 
 natura in terris, quid Eoma beatius umquam, 
 si circumducto captivorum agmine et omni 280 
 
 bellorum pompa animam exhalasset opimam, 
 "cum de Teutonico vellet descendere curru ? 
 provida Pompeio dederat Campania febres 
 optandas, sed multae urbes et publica vota 
 vicerunt ; igitur fortuua ipsius et urbis 285 
 
 servatum victo caput abstulit. hoc cruciatu 
 
SATVRA X. 71 
 
 Lentulus, hac poena caruit ceciditque Cethegus 
 integer, et jacuit Catilina cadavere toto. J^ 
 
 Formam optat modico pueris, majore puellis 
 murmure, cum Veneris fanum videt, anxia mater 290 
 ^^usque ad delicias votorum. ' cur tamen,' inquit, 
 * corripias ? pulchra gaudet Latona Diana.' / 
 sed vetat optari faciem Lucretia, qualem 
 ipsa habuit ; cuperet Rutilae Verginia gibbum 
 accipere atque suam Rutilae dare, filius autem 295 
 corporis egregii miseros trepidosque parentes 
 semper habet ; rara est adeo concordia formae 
 atque pudicitiae. sanctos licet horrida mores 
 tradiderit domus ac veteres imitata Sabinos, 
 praeterea castum ingenium vultumque modesto 300 
 
 , sanguine ferventem tribuat natura beuigna 
 
 larga manu* — quid enim puero conferre potest plus ) 
 custode et cucanatura potentior omni ? — *s 
 
 non licet esse viro ; nam prodiga corruptoris 
 improbitas ipsos audet temptare parentes. 305 
 
 1 sed casto quid forma nocet ? ' quid profuit immo 324 
 Hippolyto grave propositum, quid Bellerophonti \ 
 erubuit nempe haec, ceu fastidita, repulsa 
 nee Stheneboea minus quam Cressa excanduit, et se 
 concussere ambae. mulier saevissima tunc est, 
 cum stimulos odio pudor admovet. elige, quicmam 
 suadendum esse putes, cui nubere Caesaris uxor 330 
 
 destinat. optimus hie et formosissimus idam f\*. 
 
 gentis patriciae rapitur miser exstmguenclus^iQ 
 
 A 
 
72 D. IVNII IVVENALI8 
 
 Messalinae oculis ; dudum sedet ilia parato 
 flammeolo, T y^riusq ue palam genialis in hortis 
 sternitur, etjritu decies centena dabuntur 335 
 
 antiquofveniet cum signatoribus auspex. 
 haec tu secreta et paucis commissa putabas ? 
 non^nisi legitime vult nubere. quid placeat, die : 
 ni parere velis, pereundum erit ante lucernas ; 
 si scelus admittas, dabitur mora parvula, dum res 340 
 nota urbi et populo contingat principis aurem. 
 dedecus ille domus sciet ultimus ; interea tu 
 obsequere imperio, si tanti vita dierum 
 paucorum. quidquid levius meliusque putaris, 
 
 faebenda est gladio pulchra haec et Candida cervix. 345 
 * Ml ergo optabunt homines ? ' si consilium vis, 
 permittes ipsis expendere numinibus, quid 
 conveniat nobi^xebusquej it utile nostris. 
 nam pro jucundis aptissima quaeque dabunt di. 
 carior est illis homo, quam sibi. nos animorum I 350 
 inpulsu et caeca magnaque cupidine ducti 
 conjugium petimus partumque* uxoris ; at illis 
 notum, qui pueri qualisque futura sit uxor, 
 ut tamen et poscas aliquid voveasque sacellis 
 exta et candiduli divina tomacula porci, 355 
 
 orandum est, ut sit mens sana in corpore sano. 
 fortem posce animum, mortis terrore carentem, 
 qui spatium vitae extremum inter munera ponat 
 naturae, qui ferre queat quoscumque labores, 
 nesciat irasci, cupiat nihil, et potiores 360 
 
SATVRA XI. 73 
 
 Herculis aerumnas credat sae^osque labores 
 
 et Venere et cenis et pluma SardauapaUi^ 
 
 monstro quod ipse tibi possis dare : semita N certe 
 
 tranquillae per virtutem patet unica vitae. 
 
 nullum numen habes, si sit prudentia ; nos te, 365 
 
 nos facimus, Fortuna, deam caeloque locamua. 
 
 XL 
 
 < 
 Atticus eximie si cenat, lautus habetur ; 
 
 si Rutilus, demens. quid enim majore cachinno 
 
 excipitur vulgi, quam pauper Apicius ? omnis 
 
 convictus, thermae, stationes, omne theatrum 
 
 de Rutilo. nam dum valida ac juvenalia membra 5 
 
 sufficiunt galeae dumque ardent sanguine, fertur 
 
 (non cogente quidem, sed nee prohibente tribuno) 
 
 scripturus leges et regia verba lanistae. 
 
 multos porro vides, quos saepe elusus ad ipsum 
 
 creditor introitum solet exspectare macelli, 10 
 
 et quibus in solo vivendi causa palato est. 
 
 egregius cenat meliusque miserrimus horum 
 
 et cito casurus jam perlucente ruina. 
 
 interea gustus elementa per omnia quaerunt, 
 
 numquam amnio pretiis obstantibus ; interius si 15 
 
 ^idtendas, magis ilia juvant quae pluris emuntur. 
 
 ergo haut difficile est perituram arcessere summam 
 
 lancibus oppositis vel matris imagine fracta, 
 
 et quadringentis nummis condire gulosum 
 
 fictile : sic veniunt ad miscellanea ludi. 20 
 
 G 
 
74 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 Refert ergo, quis haec eadem paret : in Rutilo nam 
 luxuria est, in Ventidio laudabile nomen 
 sumit et a censu faniam trahit. ilium ego jure 
 despiciam, qui scit, quanto sublimior Atlas 
 omnibus in Libya sit montibus, hie tamen idem 25 
 
 ignoret, quantum ferrata distet ab area 
 sacculus. e caelo descendit jvwOi aeavrov, 
 figendum et memori tractandum pectore, sive 
 conjugium quaeras vel sacri in parte senatus 
 esse velis ; neque enim loricam poscit Achillis 30 
 
 Thersites, in qua se transducebat Ulixes ; 
 ancipitem seu tu magno discrimine causam 
 protegere adfectas, te consule, die tibi qui sis, 
 orator vehemens, an Curtius et Matho buccae. 
 noscenda est mensura sui spectandaque rebus 35 
 
 in summis minimisque, etiam cum piscis emetur ; 
 ne mullum cupias, cum sit tibi gobio tantum 
 in loculis. quis enim te deficiente crumina 
 et crescente gula manet exitus, aere paterno 
 ac rebus mersis in ventrem fenoris atque 40 
 
 argenti gravis et pecorum agrorumque capacem ? 
 talibus a dominis post cuncta novissimus exit 
 anulus, et digito mendicat Pollio nudo. 
 non praematuri cineres nee funus acerbum 
 luxuriae, sed morte magis metuenda senectus. 45 
 
 hi plerumque gradus : conducta pecunia Romae 
 et coram dominis consumitur ; inde ubi paulum 
 nescio quid superest et pallet fenoris auctor, 
 
SATVRA XI. 75 
 
 qui vertere solum, Baias et ad ostrea currunt. 
 
 cedere naraque foro jam non est deterius quam 50 
 
 Esquilias a ferveuti migrare Subura. 
 
 ille dolor solus patriam fugientibus, ilia 
 
 maestitia est, caruisse anuo circensibus uno. 
 
 sanguinis in facie non haeret gutta ; morantur 
 
 pauci ridiculum et fugientem ex urbe pudorem. 55 
 
 Experiere hodie, numquid puleherrima dictu, 
 Persice, non praestem vita vel moribus et re, 
 si iaudem sifiquas occultus ganeo, pulW'" 
 coram aliis dictem puero, sed in aure placentas, 
 nam cum sis conviva mihi promissus, habebis 60 
 
 Euandrum, venies Tirynthius aut minor illo 
 hospes, et ipse tamen contingens sanguine caelum, 
 alter aquis, alter flammis ad sidera missus, 
 fercula nunc audi nullis ornata macellis. 
 de Tiburtino veniet pinguissimus agro 65 
 
 haedulus et toto grege mollior, inscius herbae, 
 necdum ausus virgas humilis mordere salicti, 
 qui plus lactis habet quam sanguinis, et montani 
 asparagi, posito quos legit vilica fuso ; 
 grandia praeterea tortoque calentia faeno 70 
 
 ova adsunt ipsis cum matribus, et servatae 
 parte anni quales fuerant in vitibus uvae, 
 Signinum Syriumque pirum, de corbibus isdem 
 aemula Picenis et odoris mala recentis, 
 nee metuenda tibi, siccatum frigore postquam 75 
 
 autumnum et crudi posuere pericula suci. 
 
76 D. IVNII IVVENALI8 
 
 haec olim nostri jam luxuriosa senatus 
 
 cena fuit. Curius parvo quae legerat horto 
 
 ipse focis brevibus ponebat holuscula, quae nunc 
 
 squalidus in magna fastidit compede fossor, 80 
 
 qui meminit, calidae sapiat quid vulva popinae. 
 
 sicci terga suis, rara pendentia crate, 
 
 moris erat quondam festis servare diebus 
 
 et natalicium cognatis ponere lardum, 
 
 accedente nova, si quam dabat hostia, carne. 85 
 
 cognatorum aliquis titulo ter consulis atque 
 
 castrorum imperiis et dictatoris honore 
 
 functus ad has epulas solito maturius ibat, 
 
 erectum domito referens a monte ligonem. 
 
 cum tremerent autem Fabios durumque Catonem 90 
 
 et Scauros et Fabricios, postremo severos 
 
 censoris mores etiam collega timeret, 
 
 nemo inter curas et seria duxit habendum, 
 
 qualis in Oceani fluctu testudo nataret, 
 
 clarum Trojugenis factura et nobile fulcrum, 95 
 
 sed nudo latere et parvis frons aerea lectis 
 
 vile coronati caput osteudebat aselli, 
 
 ad quod lascivi ludebant ruris alumni. 
 
 tales ergo cibi, qualis domus atque supellex. 
 
 tunc rudis et Graias mirari nescius artes 100 
 
 urbibus eversis praedarum in parte reperta 
 
 magnorum artificum frangebat pocula miles, 
 
 ut phaleris gauderet ecus, caelataque cassis 
 
 Romuleae simulacra ferae mansuescere jussae 
 
SATVRA XI. 77 
 
 imperii fato, geininos sub rupe Quirinos, 105 
 
 ac nudam effigiem clipeo venientis et hasta 
 
 pendentisque dei penturo ostenderet hosti. 
 
 ponebant igitur Tusco farrata catiuo ; 
 
 argenti quod erat, solis fulgebat in armis. 
 
 omnia tunc, quibus invideas, si livrdulus sis. 110 
 
 templorum quoque majestas praesentior et vox 
 
 nocte fere media mediamque audita per urbem, 
 
 litore ab Oceani Gallis venientibus et dis 
 
 officium vatis peragentibus. his monuit nos, 
 
 hanc rebus Latiis curam praestare solebat 115 
 
 fictilis et nullo vtomusJuppiter auro. 
 
 ilia domi natas nostraque ex arbore mensas 
 
 tempora viderunt ; hos lignum stabat ad usus, 
 
 annosam si forte nucem dejecerat eurus. 
 
 at nunc divitibus cenandi nulla voluptas, 120 
 
 nil rhombus, nil dama sapit, putere videntur 
 
 unguenta atque rosae, latos nisi sustinet orbes 
 
 grande ebur et magno sublimis pardus hiatu, 
 
 dentibus ex illis, quos mittit porta Syenes 
 
 et Mauri celeres et Mauro obscurior Indus, 125 
 
 et quos deposuit Nabataeo belua saltu, 
 
 jam nimios capitique graves, hinc surgit orexis, 
 
 hinc stomacho vires ; nam pes argenteus illis, 
 
 anulus in digito quod ferreus. ergo superbum 
 
 convivam caveo, qui me sibi comparat et res 130 
 
 despicit exiguas. adeo nulla uncia nobis 
 
 est eboris, nee tessellae, nee calculus ex hac 
 G2 
 
78 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 materia, quin ipsa manubria cultellorum 
 
 ossea ; non tamen his ulla umquam obsonia fiunt 
 
 rancidula, aut ideo pejor gallina secatur. 135 
 
 sed nee structor erit, cui cedere debeat omnis 
 
 pergula, discipulus Trypheri doctoris, aput quern 
 
 sumine cum magno lepus atque aper et pygargus 
 
 et Scythicae volucres et phoenicopterus iugens 
 
 et Gaetulus oryx hebeti lautissima ferro 140 
 
 caeditur et tota sonat ulmea cena Subura. 
 
 nee frustum capreae subducere nee latus Afrae 
 
 novit avis noster, tirunculus ac rudis omni 
 
 tempore et exiguae furtis inbutus ofellae. 
 
 plebeios calices et paucis assibus emptos 145 
 
 porriget incultus puer atque a frigore tutus ; 
 
 non Phryx aut Lyeius, non a mangone petitus 
 
 quisquam erit et magno. cum posces, posce Latine. 
 
 idem habitus cunctis, tonsi rectique capilli 
 
 atque hodie tantum propter con vi via pexi. 150 
 
 pastoris duri hie est films, ille bubulci. 
 
 suspirat longo non visam tempore matrem, 
 
 et casulam et notos tristis desiderat haedos, 
 
 ingenui vultus puer ingenuique pudoris, 
 
 quales esse decet quos ardens purpura vestit. 155 
 
 hie tibi vina dabit diffusa in montibus illis, 159 
 
 a quibus ipse venit, quorum sub vertice lusit ; 
 
 namque una atque eadem est vini patria atque ministri. 
 
 Nostra dabunt alios hodie convivia ludos : 179 
 
 conditor Iliados cantabitur atque Maronis • 
 
SATVRA XI. 79 
 
 altisoni dubiam facientia carmina palmam. 
 quid refert, tales versus qua voce legantur ? 
 
 Sed nunc dilatis averte negotia curis 183 
 
 et gratara requiem dona tibi, quando licebit 
 per totum cessare diem, non fenoris ulla 
 mentio, nee, prima si luce egressa reverti 
 nocte solet, tacito bilem tibi contrahat uxor. 187 
 
 protinus ante meura quidquid dolet exue limen ; 190 
 pone domum et servos et quidquid frangitur illis 
 aut perit ; ingratos ante omnia pone sodales. 
 interea Megalesiacae spectacula mappae, 
 Idaeum sollemne, colunt, similisque triumpho 
 praeda caballorum praetor sedet ac, mihi pace 195 
 
 immensae nimiaeque licet si dicere plebis, 
 totam hodie Romam circus capit et fragor aurem 
 percutit, eventum viridis quo colligo panni : 
 nam si deficeret, maestam attonitamque videres 
 hanc urbem, veluti Cannarum in pulvere victis 200 
 
 consulibus. spectent juvenes, quos clamor et audax 
 sponsio, quos cultae decet adsedisse puellae ; 
 nostra bibat vernum contracta cuticula solem 
 effugiatque togam. jam nunc in balnea salva 
 fronte licet vadas, quamquam solida hora supersit 205 
 ad sextam. facere hoc non possis quinque diebus 
 continuis, quia sunt talis quoque taedia vitae 
 magna ; voluptates commendat rarior usus. 
 
80 - D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 XIII. 
 
 Exemplo quodcumque malo committitur, ipsi 
 displicet auctori. prima est haeoiiltio, qupd se 
 judice nemo nocens absolvjtur, imp^oba quamvis 
 gratia fallaci praetoris viaerit urna. 
 quid sentire putas omnes, Calvine, recenti 5 
 
 de scelere et fidei violatae crimine ? sed nee 
 tarn tenuis census tibi contigit, ut mediocris 
 jacturae te mergat onus, nee rara videmus 
 quae patens ; casus multis hie cognitus ac jam 
 v untuset e (medio fortunae ductus acervo>) 10 
 
 ponamus nimios gemitus : flagrantior aequo 
 non debet dolor esse viri, nee vulnere major, 
 tu quamvis le,vium minimam exiguamque malorum 
 particulam vix ferre potes, spumantibus ardens 
 visceribus, sacrum tibi quod non reddat amicus 15 
 
 -^ , depositum. stupet haec, qui jam post terga reliquit 
 sexaginta annos, Fonteio consule natus ? 
 an nihil in melius tot rerum proficit usus ? 
 magna quidem, sacris quae dat praecepta libellis, 
 victrix fortunae sapientia ; ducimus autem 20 
 
 hos quoque felices,-^ui ferre incommoda vitae 
 nee jactare jugum vita didicere magistra. \ 
 quae tarn festa dies, ut cesset prodere furem, 
 perfidiam, fraudes, atque omni ex crimine lucrum 
 quaesitum, et partos gladio vel puxide nummos ? 25 
 
 rari quippe boni ; numero vix sunt totidem quot 
 
SATVRA XIII. 81 
 
 Thebarum portae vel divitis ostia Nili. 
 
 nona aetas agitur pejoraque saecula ferri 
 
 temporibus, quorum sceleri non invenit ipsa 
 
 nomen et a nullo posuit natura metallo. 30 
 
 nos hominum divumque fidem clamore ciemus, 
 
 [uanto Faesidiura laudat vocalis agentem 
 
 irtula. die, senior bulla dignissime, nescis, 
 
 quas habeat veneres aliena pecunia ? nescis, 
 
 quem tua siraplicitas risum vulgo moveat, cum 35 
 
 exigis a quoquam ne pejeret et putet ullis 
 
 esse aliquod numen templis araeque rubenti ? .*. 
 
 quondam hoc indigenae vivebant more, priusquam 
 
 sumeret agrestem posito diademate falcem 
 
 Saturnus fugiens, tunc, cum virguncula Juno 40 
 
 et privatus adhuc Idaeis Juppiter antris, 
 
 nulla super nubes convivia caelicolarum, 
 
 nee puer Iliacus, formonsa nee Herculis uxor 
 
 ad cyathos, et jam siccato nectare tergens 
 
 bracchia Yulcanus Liparaea nigra taberna. 45 
 
 prandebata bf qufsque deus, nee turba deorum 
 
 talis ut est hodie, contentaque sidera paucis 
 
 numinibus miserum urguebant Atlanta minori 
 
 pondere. nondum alTquiFsortitus triste profundi 
 
 imperium, aut Sicula torvus cumci>njuge Pluton, 50 
 
 nee rota nee Furiae nee saxum aut vulturis atri 
 
 poena, sed infernis hilares sine regibus umbrae. 
 
 inprobitas illo fuit admirabilis aevo, 
 
 credebant quo grande nefas et morte piandum, 
 6— Juv. 
 
82 B. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 si juvenis vetulo non assurrexerat et si 55 
 
 barbato cuicumque puer, licet ipse videret 
 
 plura domi fraga et majores glandis acervos. 
 
 tam venerabile erat praeeedere quattuor annis, 
 
 primaque par adeo sacrae lanugo senectae. 
 
 nunc, si depositum non infitietur amicus, 60 
 
 si reddat veterem cum tota aerugine follem, 
 
 prodigiosa fides et Tuscis digna libellis, 
 
 quaeque coronata lustrari debeat agna.*^' 
 
 egregium sanctumque virum si cerno, bimembri 
 
 hoc monstrum puero vel miranti sub aratro 65 
 
 piscibus inventis et fetae conparo mulae, 
 
 sollicitus, tamquam lapides effuderit imber 
 
 examenque apium longa consederit uva 
 
 culmine delubri, tamquam in mare fluxerit amnis 
 
 gurgitibus miris et lactis vertice torrens. V 70 
 
 Intercepta decern quereris sestertia fraude 
 sacrilega? quid si bis centum perdidit alter 
 hoc arcana modo ? majorem tertius ilia 
 summam, quam patulae vix ceperat angulus arcae ? " 
 tain facile et pronum est superos contemnere testes, 75 
 si mortalis idem nemo sciat ! aspice, quanta 
 voce neget, quae sit ficti constantia vultus. 
 per Solis radios Tarpeiaque fulmina jurat 
 et Martis frameam et Cirraei spicula vatis, 
 per calamos venatricis pharetramque puellae, 80 
 
 perque tuum, pater Aegaei Neptune, tridentem ; 
 addit et Herculeos arcus hastamque Minervae, 
 
SATVRA XIII. 83 
 
 quidquid habent telorum armamentaria caeli. 
 
 si vero et pater est, ' comedam,' inquit, ' flebile nati 
 
 sinciput elixi Pharioque madentis aceto.' </ ^ 85 
 
 Sunt in fortunae qui casibus omnia ponant 
 et nullo credant mundum rectore moveri, 
 natura volvente vices et lucis et anni, 
 atque ideo intrepidi quaecumque altaria tangunt. 
 [est alius metuens, ne crimen poena sequatur ;] 90 
 
 hie putat esse deos et pejerat, atque ita secum : 
 ' decernat quodcumque volet de corpore nostro 
 Isis et irato feriat mea lumina sistro, 
 dummodo vel caecus teneam quos abnego nummos. 
 et phthisis et vomicae putres et dimidium crus 95 
 
 sunt tanti. pauper locupletem optare podagram 
 nee dubitet Ladas, si non eget Anticyra nee 
 Archigeue ; quid enim velocis gloria plantae 
 praestat et esuriens Pisaeae ramus olivae? 
 ut sit magna, tamen certe lenta ira deorum est : 100 
 
 si curant igitur cunctos punire nocentes, 
 quando ad me venient ? sed et exorabile numen 
 fortasse experiar ; solet his ignoscere. multi 
 committunt eadem diverso crimina fato ; tj >^ . i 
 ille crucem sceleris pretium tulit, hie diadema.' 105 
 
 sjc animum dirae trepidum formidine culpae 
 oonfirinat, tunc to surra ad dclubra vocantein 
 praecedit, trahere immo ultro ac vexare paratus. 
 nam cum magna malae superest audacia causae, 
 creditur a multis fiducia. mimum agit ille, 110 
 
 
84 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 urbani qualem fugitivus scurra Catulli ; 
 tu miser exclamas, ut Stentora vincere possis, 
 vel potius quantum Gradivus Homericus : ' audis, 
 Juppiter, haec, nee labra moves, cum mittere vocem 
 debueris vel marmoreus vel aeneus? aut cur 115 
 
 in carbone tuo charta pia tura soluta 
 ponimus et sectum vituli jecur albaque porci 
 omenta ? ut video, nullum discrimen habendum est 
 effigies inter vestras statuamque Vagelli.' -^ * -' 
 
 Accipe, quae contra valeat solacia ferre 120 
 
 et qui nee cynicos nee stoica dogmata legit 
 a cynicis tunica distantia, non Epicurum 
 suspicit exigui laetum plantaribus horti. 
 curentur dubii medicis majoribus aegri ; 
 tu venam vel discipulo committe Philippi. 125 
 
 si nullum in terris tam detestabile factum 
 ostendis, taceo, nee pugnis caedere pectus 
 te veto, nee plana faciem contundere palma, 
 quandoquidem accepto claudenda est janua damno, 
 et majore domus gemitu, majore tumultu 130 
 
 planguntur nummi quam funera. nemo dolorem 
 fingit in hoc casu, vestem diducere summam 
 contentus, vexare oculos umore coacto : 
 ploratur lacrimis amissa pecunia veris. 
 sed si cuncta vides simili fora plena querella, 135 
 
 si deciens lectis diversa parte tabellis 
 vana supervacui dicunt chirographa ligni, 
 arguit ipsorum quos littera gemmaque princeps 
 
SATVRA XIII. 85 
 
 sardonychum, loculis quae custoditur eburnis : 
 
 ten* (o delicias !) extra communia censes 140 
 
 ponendum, quia tu gallinae filius albae, 
 
 nos viles pulli nati infelicibus ovis ? 
 
 rem pateris modicam et mediocri bile ferendam, 
 
 si flectas oeulos niajora ad crimina. confer 
 
 conductum latronem, incendia sulpure coepta / 145 
 
 atque dolo, priraos cum janua colligit ignes ; 
 
 confer et hos, veteris qui tollunt grandia templi 
 
 pocula adorandae robiginis et populorum 
 
 dona vel antiquo positas a rege coronas. 
 
 haec ibi si non sunt, minor exstat sacrilegus, qui 150 
 
 radat inaurati femur Herculis et faciem ipsam 
 
 Neptuni, qui bratteolamkje Castore ducat ; 
 
 an dubitet? solituwis£ totum conflare tonantem. 
 
 confer et artifices mercatoremque veneni 
 
 et deducendum corio bovis in mare, cum quo 155 
 
 clauditur adversis innoxia simia fatis. 
 
 haec quota jmrs scelerum, quae custos Gallicus urbis 
 
 usque a lucifero donee lux occidat audit ? 
 
 humani generis mores tibi nosse volenti cA-dt" t 
 
 sufficit una domus ; paucos consume dies, et 160 
 
 dicere te miserum, postquam illinc veneris, aude. 
 
 quis tumidum guttur miratur in Alpibus ? aut quis 
 
 in Meroe crasso majorem infante mamillam ? 
 
 caerula quis stupuit Germani lumina, flavam 
 
 caesariem et madido torquentem cornua cirro ? 165 
 
 nerape quod haec illis natura est omnibus una. 
 
 H 
 
86 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 ad subitas Thracum volucres nubemque sonoram 
 Pygmaeus parvis currit bellator in armis, 
 mox irapar hosti raptusque per aera curvis 
 unguibus a saeva fertur grue. si videas hoc 170 
 
 gentibus in nostris, risu quatiare ; sed illic, 
 quamquam eadem assidue spectentur proelia, ridet 
 nemo, ubi tota cobors pede non est altior uno. 
 Nullane perjuri capitis fraudisque nefandae 
 poena erit? — abreptum crede hunc graviore catena 175 
 protinus et nostro — quid plus velit ira ? — necari 
 arbitrio ; manet ilia tanien jactura, nee umquam 
 depositum tibi sospes erit, sed corpore trunco 
 invidiosa dabit minimus solacia sanguis. 
 1 at vindicta bonum vita jucundius ipsa.' 180 
 
 nempe hoc indocti, quorum praecordia nullis 
 interdum aut levibus videas flagrantia causis : 
 [quantulacumque adeo est occasio, sufficit irae.] 
 Chrysippus non dicet idem nee mite Thaletis 
 ingenium dulcique senex vicinus Hymetto, 185 
 
 qui partem acceptae saeva inter vincla cicutae 
 accusatori nollet dare, [plurima felix 
 paulatim vitia atque errores exuit omnes, 
 prima docet rectum sapientia.] jjuippe minuti 
 semper et ihfirmi est animi exiguique voluptas 190 
 
 ultio : continuo sic collige, quod vindicta 
 nemo magis gaudet quam femina. cur tamen hos tu 
 evasisse putes, quos difi conscia facti 
 mens habet attonitos et surdo verbere caedit. 
 
SATVRA XIII. 87 
 
 occultum quatiente animo tortore flagellum ? 195 
 
 poena autem vehemens ac multo saevior illis, 
 
 quas et Caedicius gravis invenit et Rkadamanthus, 
 
 nocte dieque suum gestare in pectore testem. 
 
 Spartano cuidam respondit Pythia vates, 
 
 haut impunitum quondam fore, quod dubitaret 200 
 
 depositum retinere et fraudem jure tueri 
 
 jurando. quaerebat enim, quae numinis esset 
 
 mens, et an hoQJlli facinus suaderet Apollo ? 
 
 reddidit ergo metu, non moribus ; et tamen omnem 
 
 vocem adyti dignam templo veramque probavit, 205 
 
 extinCtus tota pariter cum prole domoque 
 
 et quamvis'Ton^a^aecluctis genrepropinquis. 
 
 has patitur poenas peccandi sola voluntas. 
 
 nam scelus intra se taciturn qui cogitat ullum, 
 
 facti crimen habet : cedo, si conata peregit ? 210 
 
 perpetua anxietas nee mensae tempore cessat, 
 
 faucibus ut morbo siccis interque molares 
 
 difficili crescente cibo ; Setina misellus 
 
 expuit, Albani veteris pretiosa senectus 
 
 displicet ; ostendas melius, densissima ruga 215 
 
 cogitur in frontera, velut acri ducta Falerno. 
 
 nocte brevem si forte indulsit cura soporem 
 
 et to to versata toro jam membra quiescunt, . 
 
 continuo templum et violati numinis aras 
 
 et, quod praecipuis mentem sudoribus urguet, 220 
 
 te videt in somnis ; tua sacra et major imago 
 
 humana turbat pavidum cogitque fateri. 
 
88 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 hi sunt, qui trepidant et ad omnia fulgura pallent, 
 
 cum tonat, exanimes primo quoque murmure caeli ; 
 
 non quasi fortuitus nee ventorum rabie, se4^_ 225 
 
 iratus cadat in terras et vinmcetignis. 
 
 ilia nihil nocuit, cura graviore timetur 
 
 proxima tempestas, velut hoc dilata sereno. 
 
 praeterea lateris vigili cum febre dolorem 
 
 si coepere pati, missum ad sua corpora morbum 230 
 
 infesto credunt a numine ; saxa deorum 
 
 haec et tela putant. pecudem spondere sacello 
 
 balantem et Laribus cristam promittere galli 
 
 non audent ; quid enim sperare nocentibus aegris 
 
 concessum ? vel quae non dignior hostia vita ? 235 
 
 mobilis et varia est ferme natura malorum. 
 
 cum scelus admittunt, superest constantia ; quid fas 
 
 atque nefas, tandem incipiunt sentire peractis 
 
 criminibus. tamen ad mores natura recurrit 
 
 damnatos, fixa et mutari nescia nam quis 240 
 
 peccandi finem posuit sibi ? quando recepit 
 
 ejectum semel attrita de fronte ruborem ? 
 
 quisnam hominum est, quern tu contentum videris uno 
 
 flagitio ? dabit in laqueum vestigia noster 
 
 perfidus, et nigri patietur carceris uncum, 245 
 
 aut maris Aegaei rupem scopulosque frequentes 
 
 exulibus magnis. poena gaudebis amara 
 
 nominis invisi, tandemque fatebere laetus 
 
 nee surdum nee Tiresian quemquam esse deorum. 
 
SATVRA XIV. 89 
 
 XIV. 
 
 Plurima sunt, Fuscine, et fama digna sinistra 
 
 et nitidis maculam haesuram figentia rebus, 
 
 quae monstrant ipsi pueris traduntque parentes. 
 
 si damnosa senem juvat alea, ludit et heres 
 
 bullatus parvoque eadem raovet arma fritillo. 5 
 
 nee melius de se cuiquara sperare propinquo 
 
 concedet juvenis, qui radere tubera terrae, 
 
 boletum condire et eodem jure natantis 
 
 mergere ficellas didicit, nebulone parente 
 
 et cana monstrante gula. cum septimus annus 10 
 
 transient puerum, nondum omni dente renato, 
 
 barbatos licet admoveas mille inde magistros, 
 
 hinc totidem, cupiet lauto cenare paratu 
 
 semper et a magna non degenerare culina. 
 
 mitem animum et mores modicis erroribus aequos 15 
 
 praecipit, atque animas servorum et corpora nostra 
 
 materia constare putat paribusque elementis, 
 
 an saevire docet Rutilus, qui gaudet acerbo 
 
 plagarum strepitu et nullam Sirena flagellis 
 
 couparat, Antiphates trepidi laris ac Polyphemus, 20 
 
 tunc felix, quotiens aliquis tortore vocato 
 
 uritur ardeuti duo propter lintea ferro? 
 
 quid suadet juveni laetus stridore catenae, 
 
 quern mire afficiunt inscripta ergastula, career ? 24 
 
 sic natura jubet: velocius et citius nos 31 
 
 corrumpunt vitiorum exempla domestica, magnis 
 
 H2 
 
90 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 cum subeant animos auctoribus. unus et alter 
 
 forsitan haec spernant juvenes, quibus arte benigna 
 
 et meliore luto finxit praecordia Titan ; 35 
 
 sed reliquos fugienda patrum vestigia ducunt 
 
 et moustrata diu veteris trahit orbita culpae. 
 
 abstineas igitur damnandis. hujus enim vel 
 
 una potens ratio est, ne crimina nostra sequantur 
 
 ex nobis geniti, quoniam dociles imitandis 40 
 
 turpibus ac pravis omnes sumus, et Catilinam 
 
 quocumque in populo videas, quocumque sub axe, 
 
 sed nee Brutus erit, Bruti nee avunculus usquam. 
 
 nil dictu foedum visuque haec limina tangat, 
 
 intra quae pater est. procul, a procul inde puellae 45 
 
 lenonum et cantus pernoctantis parasiti ! 
 
 maxima debetur puero reverentia. si quid 
 
 turpe paras, ne tu pueri contempseris annos, 
 
 sed peccaturo obstet tibi fi]ius infans. 
 
 nam si quid dignum censoris fecerit ira 50 
 
 quandoque et similem tibi se non corpore tantum 
 
 nee vultu dederit, morum quoque filius et qui 
 
 omnia deterius tua per vestigia peccet, 
 
 corripies nimirum et castigabis acerbo 
 
 clamore ac post haec tabulas mutare parabis. 55 
 
 unde tibi frontem libertatemque parentis, 
 
 cum facias pejora sen ex, vacuumque cerebro 
 
 jam pridem caput hoc ventosa cucurbita quaerat? 
 
 Hospite venturo cessabit nemo tuorum. 
 ' verre pavimentum, nitidas ostende columnas, 60 
 
SATVRA XIV. 91 
 
 iSraa cum tota descendat aranea tela, 
 
 hie leve argentum, vasa aspera tergeat alter ! ' 
 
 vox doniiui furit instantis virgamque tenentis. 
 
 ergo raiser trepidas, ne stercore foeda canino 
 
 atria displiceant oculis venientis amici, 65 
 
 ne perfusa luto sit porticus ; et tamen uno 
 
 semodio scobis haec emendat servulus unus : 
 
 illud non agitas, ut sanctam filius omni 
 
 aspiciat sine labe doraum vitioque carentem ? 
 
 gratum est quod patriae civem populoque dedisti, 70 
 
 si facis ut patriae sit i(}pfreus, utilis agris, 
 
 utilis et bellorum et pacis rebus agendis. 
 
 plurimum enim intererit, quibus artibus et quibus 
 
 hunc tu 
 moribus instituas. serpen te ciconia pullos 
 nutrit et inventa per devia rura lacerta : 75 
 
 ill! eadem sumptis quaerunt animalia pinnis. 
 vultur jumento et canibus crueibusque relictis 
 ad fetus properat partemque cadaveris adfert : 
 hie est ergo cibus magni quoque vulturis fit se 
 pascentis, propria cum jam facit arbore nidos. 80 
 
 sed leporem aut capream famulae Jovis et generosae 
 in saltu venantur aves, hinc praeda cubili 
 ponitur: inde autem cum se^maturajevavit -/lASti/dt^ WUtf 
 progenies, stimulante fame festinat ad illam, 
 quam prirauin praedam rupto gustaverat ovo. 85 
 
 Aedificator erat Cretonius, et modo curvo \ 
 litore Caietae, surama nunc Tiburis arce, 
 
92 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 nunc Praenestinis in montibus alta parabat 
 
 culmina villarum Graecis longeque petitis 
 
 marmoribus, vincens Fortunae atque Herculis aedem, 90 
 
 ut spado vincebat Capitolia nostra Posides. 
 
 dum sic ergo habitat Cretonius, inminuit rem, 
 
 fregit opes ; nee parva tamen mensura relictae 
 
 partis erat : totam hanc turbavit filius amens, 
 
 dum meliore novas attollit marmore villas. 95 
 
 Quidam sortiti metuentem sabbata patrem 
 nil praeter nubes et caeli numen adorant, 
 nee distare putant humana carne suillam, 
 qua pater abstinuit ; mox et praeputia ponunt 
 Romanas autem soliti contemnere leges 100 
 
 Judaicum ediscunt et servant ac metuunt jus, 
 tradidit arcano quodcumque volumine Moyses, 
 non monstrare vias eadem nisi sacra colenti, 
 quaesitum ad fontem solos deducere verpos. 
 sed pater in causa, cui septima quaeque fuit lux 105 
 
 ignava et partem vitae non attigit ullam. 
 
 Sponte tamen juvenes imitantur cetera, solam 
 inviti quoque avaritiam exercere jubentur. 
 fallit enim vitium specie virtutis et umbra, 
 cum sit triste habitu vultuque et veste severum, 110 
 nee dubie tamquam frugi laudetur avarus, 
 tamquam parcus homo et rerum tutela suarum 
 certa magis quam si fortunas servet easdem 
 Hesperidum serpens aut Ponticus. adde quod hunc, de 
 quo loquor, egregium populus putat adquirendi 115 
 
SATVRA XIV. 93 
 
 artificem ; quippe his crescunt patrimonia fabris, 
 
 sed crescunt quocumque modo, majoraque fiunt 
 
 incude assidua semperque ardente camino. 
 
 et pater ergo animi felices credit avaros, 
 
 qui miratur opes, qui nulla exempla beati 120 
 
 pauperis esse putat ; juvenes hortatur ut illam 
 
 ire viam pergant et eidem incuinbere sectae. 
 
 sunt quaedam vitiorum elementa : his protinus illos 
 
 inbuit et cogit minimas ediscere sordes, 
 
 [mox adquirendi docet insatiabile votum.] 125 
 
 servorum ventres raodio castigat iniquo, 
 
 ipse quoque esuriens; neque enim omnia sustinet 
 
 umquam 
 mucida caerulei panis consumere frusta, 
 hesternum solitus medio servare minutal 
 Septembri, nee non differre in tempora cenae 130 
 
 alterius conchem aestivi cum parte lacerti 
 signatam vel dimidio putrique siluro, 
 filaque sectivi numerata includere porri : 
 invitatus ad haec aliquis de ponte negabit. 
 sed quo divitias haec per tormenta coactas, 135 
 
 cum furor haut dubius, cum sit manifesta phrenesis, 
 ut locuples moriaris, egentis vivere fato ? 
 interea pleno cum turget sacculus ore, 
 crescit amor nummi, quantum ipsa pecunia crevit, 
 et minus hanc optat qui non habet. ergo paratur 140 
 altera villa tibi, cum rus non sufficit unum, 
 et proferre libet fines, majorque videtur 
 
94 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 et melior vicina seges : mercaris et hanc et 
 arbusta et densa montem qui canet oliva. 
 quorum si pretio dominus non vincitur ullo, 145 
 
 uocte boves macri lassoque famelica collo 
 jumenta ad virides hujus mittentur aristas, 
 nee prius inde domum quam tota novaKa'sa^vM*^ 
 in ventres abeant, ut credas falcibus actum, 
 dieere vix possis quam multi talia plorent, 150 
 
 et quot venales injuria fecerit agros. 
 sed qui sermones, quam foedae bucina famae ! 
 4 quid nocet haec ? ' inquit, ' tunicam mihi malo lupini, 
 quam si me toto laudet vicinia page- 
 exigui ruris paucissima farra secantem.' 155 
 
 scilicet et morbis et debilitate carebis, 
 et luctum et curam effugies, et tempora vitae 
 longa tibi posthac fato meliore dabuntur, 
 si tantum culti solus possederis agri, 
 quantum sub Tatio populus Romanus arabat. 160 
 
 mox etiam fractis aetate ac Punica passis 
 proelia vel Pyrrum inmanem gladiosque Molossos 
 tandem pro multis vix jugera bina dabantur 
 vulneribus. merces haec sanguinis atque laboris 
 null is visa umquam meritis minor aut ingratae 165 
 
 curta fides patriae, saturabat glebula talis 
 patrem ipsum turbamque casae, qua feta jacebat 
 uxor et infantes ludebant quattuor, unus 
 vernula, tres domini ; sed magnis fratribus horum 
 a scrobe vel sulco redeuntibus altera cena 170 
 
SATVRA XIV. 95 
 
 amplior et grandes funiabant pultibus ollae : 
 
 nunc modus hie agri nostro non sufficit horto. 
 
 inde fere scelerum causae ; nee plura venena 
 
 miscuit aut ferro grassatur saepius ullum 
 
 humanae mentis vitium quam saeva cupido 175 
 
 inmodici census, nam dives qui fieri vult, 
 
 et cito vult fieri : sed quae reverentia legum, 
 
 quis metus aut pudor est umquam properantis avari ? 
 
 1 vivite contenti casulis et collibus istis, 
 
 o pueri ! ' Marsus dicebat et Hernicus olim 180 
 
 Vestinusque senex ; ' panem quaeramus aratro, 
 
 qui satis est mensis : laudant hoc numina ruris, 
 
 quorum ope et auxilio gratae post munus aristae 
 
 contingunt homini veteris fastidia quercus. 
 
 nil vetitum fecisse volet, quem non pudet alto 185 
 
 per glaciem perone tegi, qui summovet euros 
 
 pellibus inversis; peregrina ignotaque nobis 
 
 ad scelus atque nefas, quaecumque est, purpura ducit.' 
 
 haec illi veteres praecepta minoribus : at nunc 
 
 post finem autumni media de nocte supinum 190 
 
 clamosus juvenem pater excitat : ' accipe ceras, 
 
 scribe, puer, vigila, causas age, perlege rubras 
 
 majorum leges aut vitem posce libello. 
 
 sed caput intactum buxo naresque pilosas 
 
 adnotet et grandes miretur Laelius alas. 195 
 
 dirue Maurorum attegias, castella Brigantum, 
 
 ut locupletem aquilam tibi sexagensimus annus 
 
 adferat ; aut, lougos castroruin ferre labores 
 
96 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 si piget et trepidum solvunt tibi cornua ventrem 
 
 cum lituis audita, pares quod vendere possis 200 
 
 pluris dimidio, nee te fastidia mercis 
 
 ullius subeant ablegandae Tiberim ultra, 
 
 neu credas ponendum aliquid discriminis inter 
 
 unguenta et corium : lucri bonus est odor ex re 
 
 qualibet. ilia tuo sententia semper in ore 205 
 
 versetur, dis atque ipso Jove digna poeta, 
 
 " unde habeas, quaerit nemo, sed oportet habere." ' 
 
 hoc monstrant vetulae pueris repentibus assae, 
 
 hoc discunt omnes ante alpha et beta puellae ! 
 
 talibus instantem monitis quemcumque parentem 210 
 
 sic possem adfari : ' die, o vanissime, quis te 
 
 festinare jubet? meliorem praesto magistro 
 
 discipulum. securus abi, vinceris, ut Ajax 
 
 praeteriit Telamonem, ut Pelea vicit Achilles. 
 
 parcendum est teneris : nondum implevere medullas 215 
 
 maturae mala nequitiae : ast cum pectere barbam 
 
 coeperit et longi mucronem admittere cultri, 
 
 falsus erit testis, vendet perjuria summa 
 
 exigua et Cereris tangens aramque pedemque. 
 
 elatam jam crede nurum, si limina vestra 220 
 
 mortifera cum dote subit. quibus ilia premetur 
 
 per somnum digitis ! nam quae terraque marique 
 
 adquirenda putas, brevior via conferet illi ; 
 
 nullus enim magni sceleris labor. " haec ego numquam 
 
 mandavi," dices olim, " nee talia suasi." 225 
 
 mentis causa malae tamen est et origo penes te. 
 
SATVRA XIV. 97 
 
 nam quisquis magni census praecepit amorem, 
 et Taevo^nonitu pueros producit avaros, 
 [et qui per fraudes patrimonia conduplicare,] 
 dat libertatem et totas effundit habenas 230 
 
 curriculo ; quem si revoces, subsistere nescit 
 et te contempto rapitur metisque relictis. 
 nemo satis credit tantum delinquere, quantum 
 permittas ; adeo indulgent sibi latius ipsi. 
 cum dicis juveni stultum, qui donet amico, 235 
 
 qui paupertatem levet attollatque propinqui, 
 et spoliare doces et circumscribere et omni 
 crimine divitias adquirere, quarum amor in te 
 quantus erat patriae Deciorum in pectore, quantum 
 dilexit Thebas, si Graecia vera, Menoeceus ; 240 
 
 in quorum sulcis legiones dentibus anguis 
 cum clipeis nascuntur et horrida bella capessunt 
 continuo, tamquam et tubicen surrexerit una. 
 ergo ignem, cujus scintillas ipse dedisti, 
 flagrantem late et rapientem cuncta videbis ; 245 
 
 nee tibi parcetur misero, trepidumque magistrum 
 in cavea magno fremitu leo toilet alumnus, 
 nota mathematicis genesis tua ; sed grave tardas 
 exspectare colus : morieris stamine nondum 
 abrupto. jam nunc obstas et vota moraris, 250 
 
 jam torquet juvenem longa et cervina senectus. 
 ocius Archigenen quaere atque erne quod Mithridates 
 composuit, si vis aliam decerpere ficum 
 atque alias tractare rosas. medicamen habendum est, 
 7 — Juv. I 
 
98 D. IVNII IVVENALI8 
 
 sorbere ante cibum quod debeat et pater et rex/ 255 
 
 Monstro voluptatem egregiam, cui nulla theatra, 
 nulla aequare queas praetoris pulpita lauti, 
 si spectes quanto capitis discrimine constent 
 incrementa domus, aerata multus in area 
 fiscus et ad vigilem ponendi Castora nurami, 260 
 
 ex quo Mars ultor galeam quoque perdidit et res 
 non potuit servare suas. ergo omnia Florae 
 et Cereris licet et Cybeles aulaea relinquas ; 
 tan to majores humana negotia ludi. 
 an magis oblectant animum j aetata petauro 265 
 
 corpora quique solet rectum descendere funem, 
 quam tu, Corycia semper qui puppe moraris 
 atque habitas, coro semper tollendus et austro, 
 perditus ac vilis sacci mercator olentis, 
 qui gaudes pingue antiquae de litore Cretae 270 
 
 passum et municipes Jovis advexisse lagonas ? 
 hie tamen ancipiti figens vestigia planta 
 victum ilia mercede parat brumamque famemque 
 ilia reste cavet ; tu propter mille talenta 
 et centum villas temerarius. aspice portus 275 
 
 et plenum maguis trabibus mare ; plus hominum 
 
 est jam 
 in pelago ; veniet classis, quocumque vocarit 
 spes lucri, nee Carpathium Gaetulaque tantum 
 aequora transiliet, sed longe Calpe relicta 
 audiet Herculeo stridentem gurgite solem. 280 
 
 grande operae pretium est, ut tenso folle reverti 
 
SATVRA XIV. 99 
 
 inde doraum possis tumidaque superbus aluta, 
 
 Oceani monstra et juvenes vidisse marinos. 
 
 non unus mentes agitat furor, ille sororis 
 
 in raanibus vultu Eumenidum terretur et igni, 285 
 
 hie bove percusso mugire Agamemnona credit 
 
 aut Ithacum. parcat tunicis licet atque lacernis, 
 
 curatoris eget qui navem mercibus implet 
 
 ad sumraum latus et tabula distinguitur unda, 
 
 cum sit causa niali tanti et discriminis hujus 290 
 
 concisum argentum in titulos faciesque minutas. 
 
 occurrunt nubes et fulgura, ' solvite funem/ 
 
 frumenti dominus clamat piperisve coempti, 
 
 1 nil color hie caeli, nil fascia nigra minatur ; 
 
 aestivum tonat.' infelix hac forsitan ipsa 295 
 
 nocte cadit fractis trabibus, fluctuque premetur 
 
 obrutus et zonam laeva morsuque tenebit. 
 
 sed cujus votis modo non suffecerat aurum, 
 
 quod Tagus et rutila volvit Pactolus harena, 
 
 frigida sufficient velantes inguina panni 300 
 
 exiguusque cibus, mersa rate naufragus assem 
 
 dura rogat et picta se tempestate tuetur 
 
 Tantis parta malis cura majore metuque 
 servantur. misera est magni custodia census, 
 dispositis praedives amis vigilare cohortem 305 
 
 servorura noctu Licinus jubet, attonitus pro 
 electro signisque suis Phrygiaque columna 
 atque ebore et lata testudine. dolia nudi 
 non ardent cynici ; si fregeris, altera fiet 
 
100 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 eras domus, atque eadem plumbo commissa manebit. 310 
 
 sensit Alexander, testa cum vidit in ilia 
 
 magnum habitatorem, quanto felicior hie, qui 
 
 nil cuperet, quam qui totum sibi posceret orbem, 
 
 passurus gestis aequanda pericula rebus. 
 
 nullum numen habes, si sit prudentia ; nos te, 315 
 
 nos facimus, Fortuna, deam. mensura tamen quae 
 
 sufficiat census, si quis me consulat, edam : 
 
 in quantum sitis atque fames et frigora poscunt, 
 
 quantum, Epicure, tibi parvis suffecit in hortis, 
 
 quantum Socratici ceperunt ante penates. 320 
 
 numquam aliut natura, aliut sapientia dicit. 
 
 acribus exemplis videor te cludere ? misce 
 
 ergo aliquid nostris de moribus, effice summam, 
 
 bis septem ordinibus quam lex dignatur Othonis. 
 
 haec quoque si rugam trahit extenditque labellum, 325 
 
 sume duos equites, fac tertia quadringenta. 
 
 si nondum inplevi gremium, si panditur ultra, 
 
 nee Croesi fortuna umquam nee Persica regna 
 
 sufficient animo nee divitiae Narcissi, 
 
 indulsit Caesar cui Claudius omnia, cujus 330 
 
 paruit imperiis uxorem occidere jussus. 
 
 XV. 
 
 Quis nescit, Volusi Bithynice, qualia demens 
 Aegyptus portenta colat ? crocodilon adorat 
 pars haec, ilia pavet saturam serpentibus ibin. 
 effigies sacri nitet aurea cercopitheci, 
 
SATVRA XV. 101 
 
 dimidio magicae resonant ubi Memnone chordae 5 
 
 atque vetus Thebe centum jacet obruta portis. 
 
 illic aeluros, Lie piscem fluminis, illic 
 
 oppida tota canem venerantur, nemo Dianam. 
 
 porrum et cepe nefas violare et frangere morsu : 
 
 o sanctas gentes, quibus haec nascuntur in hortis 10 
 
 numina ! lanatis animalibus abstinet omnis 
 
 mensa, nefas illic fetum jugulare capellae : 
 
 carnibus humanis vesci licet, attonito cum 
 
 tale super cenam facinus narraret Ulixes 
 
 Alcinoo, bilem aut risum fortasse quibusdam 15 
 
 moverat, ut mendax aretalogus. ' in mare nemo 
 
 hunc abicit saeva dignum veraque Charybdi, 
 
 fingentem inmanis Laestrygonas atque Cyclopas? 
 
 nam citius Scyllam vel concurrentia saxa 
 
 Cyaneis, plenos et tempestatibus utres 20 
 
 crediderim, aut tenui percussum verbere Circes 
 
 et cum remigibus grunnisse Elpenora porcis. 
 
 tam vacui capitis populum Phaeaca putavit ? ' 
 
 sic aliquis merito nondum ebrius et minimum qui 
 
 de Corcyraea temetum duxerat urna ; 25 
 
 solus enim haec Ithacus nullo sub teste canebat. 
 
 nos miranda quidem, set nuper consule Junco 
 
 gesta super calidae referemus moenia Copti, 
 
 nos volgi scelus et cunctis graviora cothurnis ; 
 
 nam scelus, a Pyrra quamquam omnia syrmata volvas, 30 
 
 nullus aput tragicos populus facit. accipe nostro 
 
 dira quod exemplum feritas produxerit aevo. 
 
 12 
 
102 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 Inter finitimos vetus atque antiqua simultas, 
 inmortale odium et numquam sanabile vulnus 
 ardet ad hue, Ombos et Tentyra. summus utrimque 35 
 inde furor vulgo, quod numina vicinorura 
 odit uterque locus, cum solos credat habendos 
 esse deos, quos ipse colit. set tempore festo 
 alterius populi rapienda occasio cunctis 
 visa inimicorum primoribus ac ducibus, ne 40 
 
 laetum hilaremque diem, ne magnae gaudia cenae 
 sentirent, positis ad templa et compita mensis 
 pervigilique toro, quern nocte ac luce jacentem 
 Septimus interdum sol invenit. (horrida sane 
 Aegyptos, sed luxuria, quantum ipse notavi, 45 
 
 barbara famoso non cedit turba Canopo.) 
 adde quod et facilis victoria de madidis et 
 blaesis atque mero titubantibus. inde virorum. 
 saltatus nigro tibicine, qualiacumque 
 unguenta et flores multaeque in fronte coronae ; 50 
 
 hinc jejunum odium, sed jurgia prima sonare 
 incipiunt animis ardentibus, haec tuba rixae. 
 dein clamore pari concurritur, et vice teli 
 saevit nuda manus. paucae sine vulnere malae, 
 vix cuiquam aut nulli toto certamine nasus 55 
 
 integer ; aspiceres jam cuncta per agmina vultus 
 dimidios, alias facies et hiantia ruptis 
 ossa genis, plenos oculorum sanguine pugnos. 
 ludere se credunt ipsi tamen et pueriles 
 exercere acies, quod nulla cadavera calcent : 60 
 
SATVRA XV. 103 
 
 et sane quo tot rixantis milia turbae, 
 
 si vivunt oraues ? ergo acrior impetus, et jam 
 
 saxa inclinatis per humum quaesita lacertis 
 
 incipiuut torquere, domestica seditioni 
 
 tela, nee hunc lapidem qualis et Turnus et Ajax, 65 
 
 vel quo Tydides percussit pondere coxam 
 
 Aeneae, sed quern valeant emittere dextrae 
 
 illis dissimiles et nostro tempore natae. 
 
 nam genus hoc vivo jam decrescebat Homero ; 
 
 terra malos homines nunc educat atque pusillos. 70 
 
 ergo deus, quicumque aspexit, ridet et odit. 
 
 A deverticulo repetatur fabula. postquam, 
 subsidiis aucti, pars altera promere ferrum 
 audet et infestis pugnam instaurare sagittis : 
 terga fuga celeri praestant instantibus Ombis 75 
 
 qui vicina colunt umbrosae Tentyra palmae. 
 labitur hinc quidam nimia formidine cursum 
 praecipitans, capiturque. ast ilium in plurima sectum 
 frusta et particulas, ut multis mortuus unus 
 sufficeret, totum corrosis ossibus edit 80 
 
 victrix turba ; nee ardenti decoxit aeno 
 aut veribus ; longum usque adeo tardumque putavit 
 expectare focos, contenta cadavere crudo. 
 hie gaudere libet, quod non violaverit ignem, 
 quem summa caeli raptum de parte Prometheus 85 
 
 donavit terris : elemento gratulor, et te 
 exultare reor. sed qui mordere cadaver 
 sustinuit, nil umquam hac carne libentius edit. 
 
104 D. IVNII IVVENALIS 
 
 nam scelere in tanto ne quaeras et dubites an 
 
 prima voluptatem gula senserit ; ultimus autem 90 
 
 qui stetit absumpto jam toto corpore, ductis 
 
 per terram digitis aliquid de sanguine gustat. 
 
 Vascones, haec fama est, alimentis talibus olim 
 
 produxere animas : sed res diversa, sed illic 
 
 fortunae invidia est bellorumque ultima, casus 95 
 
 extremi, longae dira obsidionis egestas. 
 
 [hujus enim, quod nunc agitur, miserabile debet 
 
 exemplum esse cibi, sicut modo dicta mihi gens] 
 
 post omnes herbas, post cuncta animalia, quidquid 
 
 cogebat vacui ventris furor, hostibus ipsis 100 
 
 pallorem ac maciem et tenues miserantibus artus, 
 
 membra aliena fame lacerabant, esse parati 
 
 et sua. quisnam hominum veniam dare quisve deorum 
 
 ventribus abnueret dira atque inmania passis, 
 
 et quibus illorum poterant ignoscere manes, 105 
 
 quorum corporibus vescebantur ? melius nos 
 
 Zenonis praecepta monent ; nee enim omnia, quaedam 
 
 pro vita facienda putant : sed Cantaber unde 
 
 stoicus, antiqui praesertim aetate Metelli ? 
 
 nunc totus Graias nostrasque habet orbis Athenas, 110 
 
 Gallia causidicos docuit facunda Britannos, 
 
 de conducendo loquitur jam rhetore Thyle. 
 
 nobilis ille tamen populus, quern diximus, et par 
 
 virtute atque fide, sed major clade, Zagynthos, 
 
 tale quid excusat : Maeotide saevior ara 115 
 
 Aegyptos. quippe ilia nefandi Taurica sacri 
 
SATVRA XV. 105 
 
 inventrix homines (ut jam quae carmina tradunt 
 
 digna fide credas) tantum immolat, ulterius nil 
 
 aut gravius cultro timet hostia. quis modo casus 
 
 impulit hos? quae tanta fames infestaque vallo 120 
 
 arma coegerunt tarn detestabile monstrum 
 
 audere ? anne aliam terra Memphitide sicca 
 
 invidiam facerent nolenti surgere Nilo ? 
 
 qua nee terribiles Cimbri nee Britones umquam 
 
 Sauromataeque truces aut immanes Agathyrsi, 125 
 
 hac saevit rabie inbelle et inutile vulgus, 
 
 parvula fictilibus solitum dare vela phaselis 
 
 et brevibus pictae remis incumbere testae. 
 
 nee poenam sceleri invenies, nee digna parabis 
 
 supplicia his populis, in quorum mente pares sunt 130 
 
 et similes ira atque fames, mollissima corda 
 
 humano generi dare se natura fatetur, 
 
 quae lacrimas dedit ; haec nostri pars optima sensus. 
 
 plorare ergo jubet causam dicentis amici 
 
 squaloremque rei, pupillum ad jura vocantem 135 
 
 circumscriptorem, cujus manantia fletu 
 
 ora puellares faciunt incerta capilli. 
 
 naturae imperio gemimus, quum funus adultae 
 
 virgiuis occurrit vel terra clauditur infans 
 
 et minor igne rogi. quis enim bonus et face dignus 140 
 
 arcana, qualem Cereris vult esse sacerdos, 
 
 ulla aliena sibi credit mala ? separat hoc nos 
 
 a grege mutorum, atque ideo venerabile soli 
 
 sortiti ingenium divinorumque capaces 
 
106 D. IVNII IVVENALI8 
 
 atque exercendis capiendisque artibus apti 145 
 
 sensum a caelesti demissum traximus arce, 
 
 cujus egent prona et terram spectantia. mundi 
 
 principio indulsit communis conditor illis 
 
 tantum animas, nobis animum quoque, mutuus ut nos 
 
 adfectus petere auxilium et praestare juberet, 150 
 
 dispersos trahere in populum, migrare vetusto 
 
 de nemore et proavis habitatas linquere silvas, 
 
 aedificare domos, laribus conjungere nostris 
 
 tectum aliud, tutos vicino limine somnos 
 
 ut conlata daret fiducia, protegere armis 155 
 
 lapsum aut ingenti nutantem vulnere civem, 
 
 communi dare signa tuba, defendier isdem 
 
 turribus atque una portarum clave teneri. 
 
 sed jam serpen turn major concordia. parcit 
 
 cognatis maculis similis fera. quando leoni * 160 
 
 fortior eripuit vitam leo ? quo nemore umquam 
 
 exspiravit aper majoris dentibus apri ? 
 
 Indica tigris agit rabida cum tigride pacem 
 
 perpetuam, saevis inter se convenit ursis. 
 
 ast homini ferrum letale incude nefanda 165 
 
 produxisse parum est, cum rastra et sarcula tantum 
 
 adsueti coquere et marris ac vomere lassi 
 
 nescierint primi gladios extendere fabri. 
 
 aspicimus populos, quorum non sufficit irae 
 
 occidisse aliquem, sed pectora, brachia, vultum 170 
 
 crediderint genus esse cibi. quid diceret ergo, 
 
 vel quo non fugeret, si nunc haec monstra videret 
 
SATVRA XVI. 107 
 
 Pythagoras, cunctis auimalibus abstinuit qui 
 tamquam homine et ventri indulsit non omne legumen ? 
 
 XVI. 
 
 Quis numerare queat felicis praemia, Galli, 
 
 militiae ? nam si subeuntur prospera castra, 
 
 me pavidum excipiat tironem porta secundo 
 
 sidere. plus etenim fati valet hora benigni, 
 
 quam si nos Veneris commendet epistula Marti 5 
 
 et Samia genetrix quae delectatur harena. 
 
 Commoda tractemus priraum communia, quorum 
 haut minimum illud erit, ne te pulsare togatus 
 audeat, immo etsi pulsetur, dissimulet, nee 
 audeat excussos praetori ostendere dentes, 10 
 
 et nigram in facie tumidis livoribus offam, 
 atque oculura medico nil promittente relictum. 
 Bardaicus judex datur haec punire volenti 
 calceus et grandes magna ad subsellia surae, 
 legibus antiquis castrorum et more Camilli 15 
 
 servato, miles ne vallum litiget extra 
 et procul a signis. justissima centurion um 
 cognitio est igitur de milite, nee mihi derit 
 ultio, si justae defertur causa querellae : 
 tota cohors tamen est inimica, omnesque manipli 20 
 
 consensu magno efficiunt, curabilis ut sit 
 vindicta et gravior quam injuria, dignum erit ergo 
 declamatoris mulino corde Vagelli, 
 cum duo crura habeas, offendere tot caligas, tot 
 
108 D. IVNII IVVENALI8 
 
 milia clavorum. quis tarn procul absit ab urbe 25 
 
 praeterea, quis tarn Py lades, molem aggeris ultra 
 
 ut veniat ? lacrimae siccentur protinus, et se 
 
 excusaturos non sollicitemus amicos. 
 
 1 da testem ' judex cum dixerit, audeat ille 
 
 nescio quis, pugnos qui vidit, dicere ' vidi/ 30 
 
 et credam dignum barba dignumque capillis 
 
 majorum. citius falsum producere testem 
 
 contra paganum possis, quam vera loquentem . 
 
 contra fortunam armati contraque pudorem. 
 
 Praemia nunc alia atque alia emolumenta notemus 35 
 sacramentorum. convallem ruris aviti 
 improbus aut campum mihi si vicinus ademit, 
 et sacrum effodit medio de limite saxum, 
 quod mea cum patulo coluit puis aunua libo, 
 debitor aut sumptos pergit non reddere nummos, 40 
 
 vana supervacui dicens chirographa ligni, 
 expectandus erit qui lites inchoet annus 
 totius populi. sed tunc quoque mille ferenda 
 taedia, mille morae : totiens subsellia tantum 
 sternuntur ; jam facundo ponente lacernas 45 
 
 Caedicio et Fusco jam micturiente, parati 
 digredimur, lentaque fori pugnamus harena. 
 ast illis, quos arma tegunt et balteus ambit, 
 quod placitum est ipsis praestatur tempus agendi, 
 nee res atteritur longo sufflamine litis. 50 
 
 Solis praeterea testandi militibus jus 
 vivo patre datur ; nam quae sunt parta labore 
 

 SATVRA XVI. 109 
 
 militiae, placuit non esse injcorpore census, 
 orane tenet cujus regimen pater, ergo Coranum 
 signorum comitem castroruraque aera merentem 55 
 
 quamvis jam tremulus cap tat pater, hunc favor aequus 
 provehit et pulchro reddit sua dona labori. 
 ipsius certe ducis hoc referre videtur, 
 ut, qui fortis erit, sit felicissimus idem, 
 ut laeti phaleris omnes et torquibus omnes. 60 
 
 K 
 
A. PERSII F LAC CI 
 SATVEA V. 
 
 &K< 
 
 Vatibus hie mos est, centum sibi poscere voces, 
 
 centum ora et linguas optare in carmina centum, 
 
 fabula seu maesto ponatur hianda tragoedo, 
 
 vulnera seu Parthi ducentis ab inguine ferrum. 
 
 ' Quorsum haec ? aut quantas robusti carminis offas 5 
 
 ingeris, ut par sit centeno gutture niti ? 
 
 grande locuturi nebulas Helicone legunto, 
 
 si quibus aut Prognes, aut si quibus olla Thyestae 
 
 fervebit, saepe insulso cenanda Glyconi ; 
 
 tu neque anhelanti, coquitur dum massa camino, 10 
 
 folle premis ventos, nee clauso murmure raucus 
 
 nescio quid tecum grave cornicaris inepte, 
 
 nee stloppo tumidas intendis rumpere buccas. 
 
 verba togae sequeris, junctura callidus acri, 
 
 ore teres modico, pallentis radere mores 15 
 
 doctus, et ingenuo culpam defigere ludo. 
 
 hinc trahe quae dicis> mensasque relinque Mycenis 
 
 cum capite et pedibus, plebeiaque prandia noris/ 
 
 Non equidem hoc studeo, bullatis ut mihi nugis 
 
 110 
 
A. PERSII JLLACCrLSATvlM V. Ill 
 
 pagina turgescat, dare pondus MO'flea iumo. 20 
 
 secreti loquimur ; tibi nunc, hortante Caraena, 
 excutienda damus praecordia, quantaque nostrae 
 pars tua sit, Cornute, animae, tibi, dulcis amice, 
 ostendisse juvat : pulsa, dinoscere cautus, 
 quid solidura crepet et pictae tectoria linguae. 25 
 
 hie ego centenas ausim deposcere voces, 
 ut, quantum mihi te sinuoso in pectore fixi, 
 voce traham pura, totumque hoc verba resignent, 
 quod latet arcana non enarrabile fibra. 
 
 Cum primum pavido custos mihi purpura cessit, 30 
 bullaque succinctis Laribus donata pependit, 
 cum blandi comites, totaque impune Subura 
 permisit sparsisse oculos jam candidus umbo, 
 cumque iter ambiguum est, et vitae nescius error 
 deducit trepidas ramosa in compita mentes, 35 
 
 me tibi supposui : teneros tu suscipis annos 
 Socratico, Cornute, sinu ; turn fallere sollers 
 adposita intortos extendit regula mores, 
 et premitur ratione animus, vincique laborat, 
 artificemque tuo ducit sub pollice vultum. 40 
 
 tecum eteuim longos memini consumere soles, 
 et tecum primas epulis decerhere noctes : 
 u nu in opus et requiem pariter disponimus ambo, 
 atque verecunda laxamus seria mensa. 
 non equidem hoc dubites, amborum foedere certo 45 
 consentire dies et ab uno sidere duci : 
 nostra vel aequali suspeudit tempora Libra 
 
112 A. PERSII FLACCI 
 
 Parca ten ax veri, seu nata fidelibus hora 
 dividit in Geminos concordia fata duorum, 
 Saturnumque gravem nostro Jove frangimus una : 50 
 nescio quod, certe est, quod me tibi temperat astrum. 
 
 Mille hominum species, et rerum discolor usus ; 
 velle suum cuique est, nee voto vivitur uno. 
 mercibus hie Italis mutat sub sole recenti 
 rugosum piper et pallentis grana cumini, 55 
 
 hie satur inriguo mavult turgescere somno, 
 hie campo indulget, hunc alea decoquit, ille 
 in Venerem putris ; sed cum lapidosa cheragra 
 fregerit articulos, veteris ramalia fagi, 
 tunc crassos transisse dies, lucemque palustrem, 60 
 
 et sibi jam seri vitam ingemuere relictam. 
 
 At te nocturnis juvat inpallescere chartis ; 
 cultor enim juvenum purgatas inseris aures 
 fruge Cleanthea. petite hinc, puerique senesque, 
 finem animo certum, miserisque viatica canis ! 65 
 
 ' Cras hoc net.' Idem eras fiet. ' Quid ? quasi magnum 
 nempe diem donas ? ' Sed cum lux altera venit, 
 jam cras hesternum consumpsimus : ecce aliud cras 
 egerit hos annos, et semper paulum erit ultra, 
 nam quamvis prope te, quamvis temone sub uno 70 
 
 vertentem sese, frustra sectabere cantum, 
 cum rota posterior curras et in axe secundo. 
 
 Libertate opus est : non hac, ut, quisque Velina 
 Publius emeruit, scabiosum tesserula far 
 possidet. heu steriles veri, quibus una Quiritem 75 
 
SATVRA V. 113 
 
 vertigo facit! hie Dama est non tressis agaso, 
 
 vappa lippus, et in tenui farragine raendax : 
 
 verterit hunc dominus, momento turbinis exit 
 
 Marcus Dama. papae ! Marco spondente, recusas 
 
 credere tu nummos? Marco sub judice palles? 80 
 
 Marcus dixit : ita est ; adsigna, Marce, tabellas. 
 
 haec mera libertas ! hoc nobis pillea donant ! 
 
 * An quisquam est alius liber, nisi ducere vitam 
 
 cui licet, ut voluit ? licet ut volo vivere : non sum 
 
 liberior Bruto ? ' " Mendose colligis," inquit 85 
 
 stoicus hie, aurem mordaci lotus aceto ; 
 
 " haec reliqua accipio ; licet illud et ut volo tolle." 
 
 1 Vindicta postquam meus a praetore recessi, 
 
 cur mihi non liceat, jussit quodcumque voluntas, 
 
 excepto si quid Masuri rubrica vetavit?' 90 
 
 Disce, sed ira cadat naso rugosaque sanna, 
 
 dum veteres avias tibi de pulmone revello. 
 
 non praetoris erat stultis dare tenuia rerum 
 
 officia, atque usum rapidae permittere vitae: 
 
 sambucam citius caloni aptaveris alto. 95 
 
 stat contra ratio, et secretam garrit in aurem 
 
 ne liceat facere id quod quis vitiabit agendo. 
 
 publica lex hominum naturaque continet hoc fas, 
 
 ut teneat vetitos inscitia debilis actus. 
 
 diluis helleborum, certo conpescere puncto 100 
 
 nescius examen ? vetat hoc natura medendi. 
 
 navem si poscat sibi peronatus arator, 
 
 luciferi rudis, exclamet Melicerta perisse 
 8 — Juv. K 2 
 
114 A. PEKSII FLACCI 
 
 frontem de rebus, tibi recto vivere talo 
 
 ars dedit ? et veri speciem dinoscere calles, 105 
 
 ne qua subaerato meudosum tinniat auro ? 
 
 quaeque sequenda forent, quaeque evitanda vicissim, 
 
 ilia prius creta, raox haec carbone, notasti ? 
 
 es modicus voti ? presso lare ? dulcis amicis ? 
 
 jam nunc astringas, jam nunc granaria laxes? 110 
 
 inque luto fixum possis transcendere nummum, 
 
 nee glutto sorbere salivam Mercurialem ? 
 
 1 haec mea sunt, teneo ' cum vere dixeris, esto 
 
 liberque ac sapiens, praetoribus ac Jove dextro ; 
 
 sin tu, cum fueris nostrae paulo ante farinae, 115 
 
 pelliculam veterem retines, et fronte politus 
 
 astutam vapido servas in pectore vulpem, 
 
 quae dederam supra relego, funemque reduco : 
 
 nil tibi concessit ratio ; digitum exere, peccas, 
 
 et quid tam parvum est? sed nullo ture litabis, 120 
 
 haereat in stultis brevis ut semuncia recti. 
 
 haec miscere nefas ; nee, cum sis cetera fossor, 
 
 tris tantum ad numeros satyrum moveare Bathylli. 
 
 ' Liber ego/ Unde datum hoc sentis, tot subdite rebus ? 
 
 an dominum ignoras, nisi quern vindicta relaxat 125 
 
 ' I, puer, et strigiles Crispini ad balnea defer ! ' 
 
 si iucrepuit, ' cessas nugator ? ' servitium acre 
 
 te nihil inpellit, nee quicquam extrinsecus intrat, 
 
 quod nervos agitet ; sed si intus et in jecore aegro 
 
 nascuntur domini, qui tu impunitior exis 130 
 
 atque hie, quern ad strigiles scutica et metus egit erilis? 
 
SATVRA V. 115 
 
 Mane piger stertis. ' Surge ! ' inquit Avaritia, ' heia 
 surge ! ' Negas ; instat, ' Surge! ' inquit. " JSTon queo." 
 
 'Surge!' 
 " Et quid agam ? "   Rogitas ? en saperdam advehe 
 
 Ponto, 
 castoreum, stuppas, hebenum, tus, lubrica Coa ; 135 
 
 tolle recens primus piper ex sitiente camello ; 
 verte aliquid ; j ura.' " Sed Juppiter audiet." ' Eheu ! 
 baro, regustatum digito terebrare salinum 
 contentus perages, si vivere cum Jove tendis ! ' 
 jam pueris pellem succinctus et oenophorum aptas : 140 
 1 Ocius ad navem ! ' nihil obstat, quin trabe vasta 
 Aegaeum rapias, ni sollers Luxuria ante 
 seductum moneat 'Quo deinde, insane, ruis? quo? 
 quid tibi vis ? calido sub pectore mascula bilis 
 intumuit, quod non extinxerit urna cicutae?^ 145 
 
 tun' mare transilias ? tibi torta cannabe fulto 
 cena sit in transtro, Veientanumque rubellum 
 exalet vapida laesum pice sessilis obba ? 
 quid petis ? ut nummi, quos hie quincunce modesto 
 nutrieras, pergant avidos sudare deunces? 150 
 
 indulge Genio, carpamus dulcia ! nostrum est 
 quod vivis ; cinis et manes et fabula fies. 
 vive memor leti ! fugit hora ; hoc quod loquor inde est.' 
 en quid agis ? duplici in diversum scinderis hamo. 
 huncine, an hunc sequeris? subeas alternus oportet 155 
 ancipiti obsequio dominos, alternus oberres. 
 nee tu, cum obstiteris semel instantique negaris 
 
116 A. PERSII FLACCI 
 
 parere imperio, * rupi jam vincula ' dicas ; 
 
 nam et luctata canis nodum abripit ; et tamen illi, 
 
 cum fugit, a collo trahitur pars longa catenae. 160 
 
 'Dave, cito, hoc credas jubeo, finire dolores 
 praeteritos meditor : ' crudum Chaerestratus unguem 
 abrodens ait haec. • An siccis dedecus obstem 
 cognatis ? an rem patriam rumore sinistro 
 limen ad obscenum frangam, dum Chrysidis udas 165 
 ebrius ante fores exstincta cum face canto ? ' 
 " Euge, puer, sapias ; dis depellentibus agnam 
 percute." ' Sed censen ' plorabit, Dave, relicta ? ' 
 " Nugaris ; solea, puer, objurgabere rubra, 
 ne trepidare velis atque artos rodere casses ! 170 
 
 nunc ferus et violens ; at si vocet, haud mora, dicas, 
 Quidnam igitur faciam f nee nunc, cum arcessat et ultro 
 supplicet, accedam t Si totus et integer illinc 
 exieras, nee nunc." hie, hie, quern quaerimus, hie est, 
 non in festuca, lictor quam jactat ineptus. 175 
 
 Jus habet ille sui palpo, quern ducit hiantem 
 cretata ambitio ? vigila, et cicer ingere large 
 rixanti populo, nostra ut Floralia possint 
 aprici meminisse senes. quid pulchrius ? at cum 
 Herodis venere dies, unctaque fenestra 180 
 
 dispositae pinguem nebulam vomuere lucernae 
 portantes violas, rubrumque amplexa catinum 
 cauda natat thynni, tumet alba fidelia vino : 
 labra moves tacitus, recutitaque sabbata palles. 
 turn nigri lemures, ovoque pericula rupto, 185 
 

 SATVRA V. 117 
 
 turn grandes Galli et cum sistro lusca sacerdos 
 incussere deos inflantis corpora, si non 
 praedictum ter mane caput gustaveris alii. 
 Dixeris haec inter varicosos centuriones, 
 continuo crassum ridet Fulfennius ingens, 190 
 
 et centum Graecos curto centusse licetur. 
 

 NOTES. 
 
 119 
 
 
P codicis Pithoeani nunc Montepessulani lectio genuina . ubi quid 
 
 erasum est neque legi potuit * * indicatum est. 
 S scholioruni lectiones ipsis litteris, lemmatibus maxime, scriptae. 
 2 scholiorum lectiones, de quibus interpretatioue coniecturam ca- 
 
 pere licet. 
 « codices interpolati uel omnes uel plurimi. 
 
 s* codices interpolati aliquot, maxime recentiores. Ad hos perti- 
 nent 
 
 p codicis Pithoeani man us secunda. 
 r codicis Vaticani palimpsesti fragmentum. 
 a codex bibliothecae Laurentianae, saec. xi. 
 6 codex bibliothecae Sangallensis, saec. ix. 
 e codex bibliothecae Einsiedlensis, saec. x. 
 d codex bibliothecae Parisiensis 8070, saec. xii. 
 e codex bibliothecae Parisiensis 4883 A. 
 / codex bibliothecae Parisiensis 8071, saec. x. 
 g codex bibliothecae Parisiensis 7900, saec. ix. 
 h codex bibliothecae Vaticanae Vrbinas 661. 
 v excerpta e codice Vossiano apud Cortium et Fabricium. — 
 Jahn. 
 
 120 
 
NOTES. 
 SATIRE I 
 
 k>^;<x 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-14. "Must I be forever a passive listener to epics, comedies, 
 elegies, and tragedies ? Am I never to retaliate upon those wretched 
 poetasters by whom, at every turn, the legends of the Argonauts and 
 Centaurs are dinned in our ears? 
 
 15-18. " I, too, have flinched from the master's cane; I, too, in the 
 school of rhetoric, have urged Sulla to abdicate. Why should not I, 
 then, waste ink and paper with the rest of the world ? 
 
 19-50. " 1 will follow in the track of Lucilius. As a eunuch weds, 
 as a virago spears boars in the arnphitneatre, as my old barber vies 
 with Rome's whole nobility in his single wealth, as Crispinus the 
 spawn of the Nile, flaunts it in a purple cloak, and daintily airs 
 light summer-rings, 'tis hard not to write satire. Who could hold 
 his peace when Matho fills his new sedan with his swollen self, and 
 the spy of spies goes by, who will soon despatch the remnant of 
 Rome's nobles, as he has already betrayed his lord and friend ? 
 when a scoundrel robs his ward, and compels him to eat the bread 
 of shame? when Marius, mulcted in fame not in purse, sits down 
 in exile to carouse a full hour before Rome dines, while plundered 
 Africa cries out upon the barren verdict? 
 
 61-72. " These themes, surely, are worthier the midnight lamp of 
 Horace than all the threadbare romances, labors of Hercules, ' re- 
 turn' of Diomed, the Minotaur's bellowing, the airy voyage of 
 Daedalus, and the headlong plunge of Icarus. Is it a time for toys 
 like these, when the gallant's estate, denied by law to the wife, "is 
 taken by the pander husband, who winks at his own shame ? when 
 a youth of ancient lineage holds it no sin by the profits of a military 
 command to retrieve his inheritance wasted upon grooms, or furious 
 drives along the Flaminian way, himself stooping to guide the reins, 
 showing off" his skill to his mistress? Fain must I fill every leaf of 
 my tablets, even in the middle of the street, as there sweeps lordly 
 
 L 121 
 
122 NOTES. 
 
 by, lolling in an open sedan, courting the public gaze, the forger, 
 enriched at the cost of a few lines of writing and a moistened signet. 
 The matron fronts us to our face, who, when her lord calls for wine, 
 drugs the cup with toad's juice, and trains country cousins to carry 
 out their husbands' spotted corpses amid the whispers of the crowd. 
 
 73-80. " Stoutly sin, if you would be something in this world. 
 Virtue is praised, and starves. 'T is crime that wins parks, mansions, 
 costly tablets, embossed beakers. Who can sleep, for incest and pre- 
 cocious crime ? If nature is grudging, scorn indites the verse, the 
 best it can, such as I write — or Cluvienus. 
 
 81-150. " The whole range of human life since the flood, all its pas- 
 sions and interests, is my theme. The gambler stakes his fortune, 
 leaving his page the while in tatters ; the great add palace to palace, 
 luxury to luxury, but for themselves alone; poor retainers may not 
 pass the threshold, where, after a jealous scrutiny, the fixed pittance 
 is doled out ; praetors and tribunes themselves attend the levee, and 
 are served in the order of their rank ; but a wealthy freedman claims 
 precedence, for/Mammon is the god we worship. £ The dole is an 
 item in a consul's revenue ; can the poor man ^corn it, who has 
 nothing else ? Great ladies in their palanquins follow their husbands 
 for a second dole; sometimes the empty palanquin deceives the 
 steward. After a long day's attendance, clients disperse to their 
 dinner of herbs ; while the ' king ' and patron devours an estate at a 
 solitary board. Excess will cut short his days, and he will die un- 
 wept. Nothing will remain for after times to add to our corruption ; 
 posterity will but ape our acts and our desires ; all vice has settled at 
 its zenith : poet, hoist sail, shake out every stitch of canvas ! 
 
 150-171. " Here, perhaps, you may ask, ' Whence a genius equal 
 to the theme? whence that bluntness wherewith the ancients wrote 
 off as their blood boiled within them whatever they list? Set forth 
 Tigellinus, and you will light up the amphitheatre by night amidst 
 those pine fagots, by which they burn as they stand, who smoke 
 with pierced breast, and your body will be dragged with a hook 
 through the midst of the arena.' What, should he who administered 
 poison to three uncles ride past slung upon his downy pillow, and 
 thence look down with disdain upon mef 'When he shall meet 
 you, lay your finger on your lip. 'T is defamation but to say, That 's 
 he ! You may pit Aeneas against Turnus, and safely ; you may 
 wound Achilles in epic verse; Hylas may drop his pitcher, and none 
 will cry, not if he drown himself for company ; but let Lucilius once 
 in a glow of anger draw his sword and thunder in verse, the hearer, 
 whose soul is chill with guilt, blushes, his heart sweats under his 
 secret sins. Count well the cost, then, before the trumpet sounds to 
 battle; the plumed combatant repents too late.' 
 
 " If it be so hazardous to touch the living, I will try what may be 
 said against those whose ashes lie entombed by the highway side." — 
 Mayor {with modifications). 
 
 This satire must have been published after A. D. 100, in which year 
 Marius Priscus was condemned for oppression in proconsular Africa. 
 The greater part of it may have been written before that date. 
 
SATIRE I. 123 
 
 1. Auditor. Recitations by authors were in vogue from the days 
 of Augustus to those of Hadrian. The reciters summoned their 
 friends to hired rooms, or to a private house lent for the purpose by 
 a wealthy patron, or to some public place, as the forum, a bath, a 
 temple, or a theatre ; sometimes they button-holed those they chanced 
 to meet in such places, and assailed their ears with their yeraea ; 
 sometimes a host would inflict his poems on his guests at a dinner* 
 party. The author of the Aeneid used to recite his lines; but in 
 Juvenal's time there were more Corduses than Virgils. 
 
 Tantum, only. When used as a restrictive particle, tantum, like 
 quoque, generally stands after the word which it limits; yet not with- 
 out exception. 
 
 Numquamne reponam, shall I never retaliate? Cf. Horat. Ep. i. 
 19, 39: scriptorum auditor et ultor. Literally, shall I never pay 
 back ? A metaphor derived from mercantile language. The verb 
 may be either in the future indicative or the deliberative subjunc- 
 tive ; preferably the latter. 
 
 2. Totiens ( = toties). The poem was so long that it lasted through 
 a number of recitations. 
 
 Rauci. The wretched poet is hoarse from his long reading and 
 pompous mouthing. 
 
 Cordi. Probably a fictitious name. The Theseis would be an 
 epic poem on the exploits of Theseus ; the name being formed as are 
 Aeneis, Achilleis, Heracleis. Another reading here is Codri. 
 
 8. Notice the emphatic position of impune.— Ergo, as it does often, 
 denotes indignant feeling. — Recitaverit is fut. perf. indicative: 
 " shall it go for nothing that one has recited," etc. So also con- 
 sumpserit. 
 
 Togatas, sc. fabulas, his comedies. In these plays the actors ap- 
 pear in the toga, and the manners of the middle or lower classes of 
 Rome are represented. The praetexta was the symbol of tragedy : 
 the pallium of Greek subjects. 
 
 4. Diem. Auditur toto saepe poeta die. Mart. xi. 70. 
 
 4, 5. Telephus, king of Mysia and son of Hercules, was wounded 
 by the spear of Achilles, and was the hero of many tragedies, both 
 Greek and Roman. Ingens refers probably to the length of the 
 poem (" the everlasting Telephus," E.) ; some have taken it, how- 
 ever, of the size of the hero (giant), others of his prowess {might i/). 
 
 5, 6. Summi — tergo (the tragedy of Orestes), loritten even on the 
 back (of the paper), as the border to the very end of the roll is already 
 full. The ancients wrote usually on one side only of the papyrus 
 
124 NOTES. 
 
 or parchment, leaving a good margin. Books written on both sides 
 were called opisthographi, and were also said to be written in aversa 
 charta (Mart. viii. 62). Summus is used here in the sense of ex- 
 tremus. Cf. Verg. Aen. ii. 324: venit summa dies. Plena margine 
 is abl. absolute. Priscian cites this passage as an example of the 
 use of margo as feminine. For scriptus, J. and My. read with P, 
 scribtus. The participle might have been in the feminine gender, 
 as Orestes is the name of a play (fabula). Cf. Suet. vit. Ter. 2: 
 Eunuchus bis die acta est. 
 
 7-9. There were several groves of Mars, any of which may be 
 meant : as that at Colchis, in which hung the golden fleece guarded 
 by a dragon; and that "in quo Ilia peperit." The rocks of Aeolus 
 are Strongyle, the modern Stromboli, one of the Aeoliae insulae 
 (now Lipari islands), the abode of the king of the winds ; Vulcan's 
 cave was in the southernmost of these islands, Hiera, which was 
 regarded as the forge of Vulcan. Cf. Verg. Aen. viii. 416 sqq. 
 Mayor connects the allusions in these verses with the Argonauts, 
 who visited Vulcan's forge and the isle of Aeolus. 
 
 9. Agant, are about, purpose, are contriving. See Val. Fl. i. 
 574 sqq. Venti. The name of their king, in the adjective Aeoliis, 
 suggests the winds. Cf. Verg. Aen. i. 81-123, 131-141. Early 
 examples of descriptions of storms were found in the Nostoi, as the 
 poems in the Epic Cycle were called, which described the homeward 
 journeys of the Greek heroes after the taking of Troy. 
 
 Torqueat, examines by torture, as a judex quaestionis. 
 
 10. Alius, i. e. Jason. Juvenal, in his ill-humor, speaking slight- 
 ingly of the whole story, does not mention the name of the hero, but 
 simply calls him another. So he refers to the golden fleece satiri- 
 cally in furtivae, and contemptuously in the diminutive pelliculae 
 (that sorry fleece). 
 
 11. Monychus. A leader of the Centaurs who hurled trees upon 
 the Lapithae in the quarrel at the marriage of Peirithous. The 
 name retains, of course, the quantity of the Greek word, which is 
 formed by syncope. 
 
 12. Fronto was some rich patron, who lent his grounds for recita- 
 tion ; perhaps Fronto Catius, whose oratory is praised by Pliny. 
 
 Platani. The plane was much admired for its beauty and shade. 
 
 Marmora. The marbles, which shake at the shouts of the audience 
 and re-echo the recited verses, are marble panels inlaid in the walls 
 of the porticus, or slabs in the pavement. The manifest exaggera- 
 tion in the terms convulsa, and ruptae corresponds with the poet's 
 
SATIRE I. 125 
 
 excited feeling. Virgil, however, says cantu querulae rumpent 
 urbusta cicadae (Georg. iii. 328), "shall make the woodlands ring." 
 
 13. Adsiduo ( = assiduo) rnptae lectore. This construction is to 
 be distinguished from the ablative of the voluntary agent with ab. 
 When the agent is regarded simply as a means or instrument, the 
 preposition is omitted ; this seldom happens, however, unless the 
 noun is accompanied with an adjective or pronoun, so that it might 
 (in many cases) be considered as an ablative absolute of cause. The 
 adjective here is a prominent part of the meaning: the columns are 
 "split" by the persistency of the recitations. £r-l?*~£-"?/2» 
 
 14. Exspectes. The subjunctive, of a general condition, in the 
 second person singular, to denote the act of an indefinite subject : 
 (you = any one.) 
 
 Eadem, "sc. ut carmina et scribant et recitent." 
 
 15. Et nos ergo, Well, then; I too have been to a grammar-school. 
 — Et nos, consilium, etc.; / too have written themes in the schools 
 of rhetoric. 
 
 16. The theses for original declamations in the schools of rhetoric 
 were (1) suasoriae (as in this instance), generally on historical or 
 legendary subjects (cf. Quintil. iii. 8, 53), or (2), for more advanced 
 pupils, coptroversiae, in which legal questions were handled. The 
 advice which young Juvenal in his theme gave to Sulla was that he 
 should purchase sleep by resigning his dictatorship. 
 
 Altum. This accusative is often called " adverbial," and is well 
 translated by an adverb in English ; but it is best regarded as a cog- 
 nate accusative, altum dormiret being equivalent to alhlm somnum 
 dormiret. So indoctum canere, magnum tonare, torvum clamat, dulce 
 loquentem, perfidum ridens. 
 
 17. Ubique. " In the forum and in the bath, standing, sitting, run- 
 ning, in the thermae and in the swimming-bath." So Mayor, from 
 references in classical writers. 
 
 18. Vatibus, bards ; here used satirically. In the time of Ennius 
 vates was used contemptuously of those poets who adhered to the old 
 Saturnian measure, while those who adopted the more artistic mea- 
 sures and style of the Greeks were called poetae. From the time of 
 Virgil and Horace, however, vates was the nobler term, like our bard 
 as compared with poet. 
 
 Periturae. The paper is sure to perish, any way ; somebody else 
 will scribble on it, if I do not. 
 
 19. Hoc decurrere campo, to run my course in this field (i. e. the 
 field of satire). The metaphor here, and in equos flexit, is taken 
 
 L2 
 
126 NOTES. 
 
 from the race-course. Weidner, citing Tac. Ann. ii. 7, says that 
 decurrere is the proper term for military exercises and parades. 
 
 20. Auruncae alumnus. C. Lucilius, the father of Roman satire, 
 who was born at Suessa Aurunca (now Sessa), in the southern part 
 of Latium, and is said to have lived from B. C. 148 to B. C. 103. He 
 belonged to the brilliant literary circle of which the younger Scipio 
 was the centre. " The satires of Lucilius, whereof more than eight 
 hundred fragments remain, were satires indeed, a medley of politics, 
 manners, literature, grammar, chiefly in hexameters, partly in iam- 
 bics and trochaics; his main function was to scourge the corruption 
 of the times." 
 
 21. Placidi rationem admittitis, i. e., if you lend a kindly ear to 
 the reason. Some take placidi as the gen. sing., instead of the 
 nom. pi., in the sense, " If you will listen to one who is perfectly 
 calm ; " to-wliich Lewis well objects that " the poet is not perfectly 
 calm. He tells us, a few lines on (30, 31), that he cannot contain 
 himself." 
 
 22. Mevia stands here for any woman of rank. Fighting with 
 wild beasts at the circus and amphitheatres, and engaging in gladia- 
 torial combats, were permitted to women by Nero, but at length for- 
 bidden by Severus A. D. 200. 
 
 Tuscum. Cf. Stat. Silv. iv. 6, 10 : Tuscus aper generosior Umbro. 
 Mart. xii. 14 : si te delectant animosa pericula, . . . Tuscis insidiemur 
 apris. 
 
 23. Nuda mamma. She was in the hunting costume of Diana 
 and the Amazons. (How does the quantity of final a, shown by the 
 metre, determine the case of the adjective?) 
 
 . 24. Omnis. Accusative plural. 
 
 TTnus, one single man. Possibly Cinnamus, a barber, " dominae 
 munere factus eques" (Mart. vii. 64). 
 
 25. Who used to be my barber. Gravis, heavy, i. e. thick and 
 luxuriant. Others, " that had grown incommodious to me," " my 
 superfluous beard." 
 
 26. Pars, appositive to Crispinus. 
 
 Verna Canopi, a slave born-and-bred at Canopus (or Canobus), a 
 dissolute seaport fifteen miles S.E. of Alexandria. — Verna "con- 
 notes the gay impudence " of house-bred slaves. 
 
 27. Crispinus, after coming from Egypt to Eome, dealt in salt- 
 fish, but afterwards rose to riches and honors under Nero and Do- 
 mitian, becoming princeps equitum and member of Domitian's privy 
 council. Martial, with his accustomed servility to the Emperor, 
 flatters his favorite. 
 
SATIRE I. 127 
 
 Tyrias. The expensiveness of Tyrian purple denotes his luxury. 
 The color of the true Tyrian dye was that of " clotted blood, varying 
 with the light in which it was seen." 
 
 Umero. Umerus is the original spelling of humerus. 
 
 Revocante, " hitching up ; the mantle floats on the wind " (Mayor). 
 41 Which falling off his shoulders still revoke" (Stapylton). Some 
 explain the motion of the shoulders as a foppish effort to display the 
 fine texture of the mantle ; " while he gathers now, now flings his 
 purple open " (Gilford). The plural (lacernas) indicates the frequent 
 repetition of the movement. Lacernae are light and fine mantles 
 or cloaks, often of costly dye and material, worn usually over the 
 toga. 
 
 28 sq. Effeminate luxury reaches its height in this picture of a 
 
 t dandy who has a lighter set of rings in summer than for winter. 
 Ventilet, etc. " He airs his summer-ring, waving his hand to dis- 
 play it ; " or he fans himself with his hand, and thus his glittering 
 ring plays in the sunlight. 
 29. Pondera. The plural is either ironical, the heavy weight, or 
 generalizes the expression. 
 30 sq. Iniquae tarn patiens urbis, so tolerant of the fount's ini- 
 quities. Macleane. 
 32. Causidieus is a title that Cicero uses with more or less con- 
 tempt. The proper words for an " advocate " are orator and palronus. 
 Macleane. 
 Lectica. A sedan or palankeen. 
 
 Matho, a pettifogging lawyer, is again spoken of as a bankrupt 
 (vii. 129) and as a wind-bag (xi. 34). He makes a display of wealth 
 to give a notion of success and attract clients. 
 
 33. Plena ipso, "crammed with himself" or "filled by his lord- 
 ship." The lectica had room for two persons of ordinary size. 
 Delator. The reference is probably to any notorious informer. 
 
 34 sq. Cito — superest, about to clutch, ere long, all that remains 
 of the devoured nobility. — Nobilitas = nobiles. " So levis armatura, 
 jiirentus, mortalitas, peregrinitas, senectus." — Comesa, i. e. whose 
 good* have been devoured, both by the exactions of the emperor 
 and the rewards or blackmail of the informers. See the citations in 
 Ik'inrich and Mayor. 
 
 35 sq. Massa, according to the scholiast, was a favorite mounte- 
 bank of Nero's, and Car us a dwarf. But it is more probable that 
 the reference is to the notorious informers Baebius Massa (Tacit. 
 Jlist. iv. 50; Agric. 45) and Carus Mettius {Agric. 45). Their fear 
 
128 NOTES. 
 
 of Juvenal's delator depicts him as one of those quos timent etiam 
 qui timentur (Sidon. Ep. v. 57). 
 
 Latinus, a mime-player under Domitian, and himself a notorious 
 spy, propitiates the more powerful informer by secretly sending him 
 the actress Thymele. 
 
 46. Gregibus comitum. Crowds of attendants, as clients and 
 slaves, incommoding the people in the streets. 
 
 46 sq. Hie spoliator — prostantis, this plunderer of his ward, 
 (who is in consequence) living in shame. 
 
 47 sqq. Et hie (another), i. e. Marius, damnatus inani judicio, etc. 
 Marius Priscus, who had been proconsul in Africa, was accused of 
 cruelty and extortion by the Afri A. D. 99. Pliny and Tacitus were 
 ordered to prosecute. The case was heard in the senate, Jan. 100, 
 before Trajan, then consul. Marius was condemned to pay 700,000 
 sesterces (about $27,000) into the treasury, and exiled ; yet he retained 
 the greater part of his spoils, and lived in luxury. — The judicium 
 was inane (empty, idle, ineffectual), because it left him gorged with 
 his ill-gotten wealth. 
 
 48. Salvis nummis. Ablative absolute. 
 
 Infamia. " By the lex Julia repetundarum passed by Caesar in 
 his first consulship, B. C. 59, the penalties for extortion were a four- 
 fold fine, expulsion from the senate, exile in graver cases, and the 
 degree of infamia called intestabilitas, which excluded the con- 
 demned from giving evidence, prosecuting, or sitting as judices." 
 Mayor. 
 
 49. Exul, (though) in exile. 
 
 Ab octava (sc. hora), i. e. two o'clock. The usual hour for dining 
 was the ninth (three o'clock) ; sometimes as late as the tenth or 
 later. An early dinner was luxurious, as breaking into the working 
 day. Cf. Horat. Carm. i. 1, 20 ; Sat. ii. 3, 8. — Bibit here connotes 
 excess. M. 
 
 Fruitur dis iratis, enjoys (makes himself only the more comfort- 
 able under) the anger of the gods. " A parody of Sen. Here. Fur. 
 33, 34, where Juno says of Hercules super at et crescit malis, iraque 
 nostra fruitur." 
 
 50. Victrix. A forensic term, of one victorious in a suit. 
 
 51. Credam, agitem. Questions of appeal. 
 
 Venusina lacerna, the Venusian lamp, the midnight (or early 
 morning) lamp of Horace, who was born at Venusia : i. e. " lucu- 
 brations in the style of" the Venusian satirist. Cf. Horat. Epist. ii. 
 1, 112 sq., i. 2, 34 sq. " There is also an allusion" (Mayor says) " to 
 
SATIRE I. 129 
 
 the scorching heat of satire, and its fierce glare (cf. the lantern of 
 Diogenes, seeking a man)." 
 
 52. Agitem, pursue, handle (these themes). • 
 
 Quid magis, sc. agitem. 
 
 Heracleas, Diomedeas, Heracleids, Diomedeids ; epics on the ad- 
 ventures of Hercules or Diomedes. The form is the same as in 
 Odyssea. 
 
 54. Puero (i. e. lcaro). Best taken as ablative of instrument, "as 
 it is the boy's dead weight " (well says Mayor j " that strikes the sea." 
 See note on verse 13 supra. Simcox considers puero as dative of 
 disadvantage (wrongly called dative of the agent), "the sea which 
 the boy found he had struck." 
 
 Fabrum, joiner; a term applied in sarcastic depreciation to this 
 consummate artist Daedalus. 
 
 55 sq. " By the lex Voconia (B. C. 169) no citizen of the first class 
 (classicus), i. e. whose estate was assessed at 100,000 asset or more, 
 could make a woman his heir. But the law might be evaded by 
 bequeathing the estate to a third party in trust for the woman." 
 Here tne pander husband, wittolly conniving at his wife's guilt, "is 
 the heres fiduciarius of the rich adulterer; and may himself claim, 
 for his risk as trustee, the fourth part of the inheritance." 
 
 Capiendi, of receiving the inheritance. 
 
 56. Spectare lacunar. As if wrapt in thought. Or the beauty of 
 the ceiling, gilt and inlaid with ivory, might be an excuse for distrac- 
 tion. Sometimes the panels in the ceiling shifted, and displayed 
 scene after scene to the guests. Mayor. 
 
 57. Ad calicem, over his cup. Cf. Cic. pro Coel. 28, 67 : nonnum- 
 quara etiam ad vinum diserti sint. Ov. Trist. v. 3, 4 : ad tua vina. 
 
 59 sq. Caret . . . censu, has lost all hit family estate (of a senator 
 or knight), squandering it on his stables; and hence seeks a mili- 
 tary command for his maintenance. On caret cf. Cic. Tusc. i. 36 : 
 Tvixtc enim est nomen ipsum carendi, quia subjicitur haec vis : habuit, 
 non ha bet ; desiderat, requirit, indiget. 
 
 61. Flaminiam i riant). The Flaminian Way was the great northern 
 road from Rome, extending to Ariminum. It was begun in the censor- 
 ship of C. Flaininius, Hannibal's unfortunate opponent. Skirting 
 the Campus Martius (where it is now the Corso) it left the city by 
 the porta Flaminia (now porta del popolo). It was much fre- 
 quented. 
 
 Puer Automedon, {like a) young Automedon. As we might say, 
 the young Jehu. Automedon was the charioteer of Achilles. 
 9 — Juv. 
 
130 NOTES. 
 
 61, 62. Nam — amicae. Himself his own page, he shows himself 
 off to his brazen-faced mistress, who wears a man's cloak, — his 
 " Bloomer mistress "'Mayor calls her. 
 
 63. Nonne libet, does not one feel inclined. 
 
 Ceras. " Pugillares " or tablets, which were thin pieces of wood 
 usually of an oblong shape, covered over with wax on the inner 
 sides. They were fastened together at the back by means of wires 
 (for hinges), so that they opened and shut like our books; and to 
 prevent the wax of one tablet rubbing against the wax of the other, 
 there was a raised margin around each. The wax was written on 
 by means of the stilus. Diet. Antiq. 
 
 64. Sexta cervice=sea; cervicibus. The chair is carried on the 
 shoulders of six slaves. — The subject of feratur is signator (67). 
 
 65. Patens, exposed (to view). 
 
 In what case is nuda cathedra 1 (Scan the line.) — Nuda paene, 
 almost uncovered or unveiled, i. e. with the curtains drawn. — The 
 cathedra was used chiefly by women. " In the sella (line 124) you 
 sat, in the lectica (32) you reclined, and in the cathedra you were 
 able to loll." 
 
 66. Reminding you strongly of the way in which Maecenas used 
 to sprawl. Simcox. Maecenas was notorious for his luxury and 
 effeminacy. Referens, recalling. 
 
 67 sq. A friend, called in at the mortal agony to give validity by 
 his signature to the will, takes that opportunity to deceive the tes- 
 tator. Mayor. 
 
 Signator falso, the signer and sealer of a forged will. With our 
 punctuation (which is both the traditional one and adopted by all 
 the recent editors except Mayor), the syntax of falso cannot be ex- 
 plained without some difficulty. It has been regarded (1) as an 
 adverb, qualifying the noun like an adjective (see Niigelsbach's 
 Stylistik § 75) ; (2) as an ablative, and (3) as a dative : in the last 
 two cases instrumento (J. F. Gronovius) or signo (Heinrichj being 
 supplied, or falsum being taken as a substantive in the sense of a 
 forgery (as the term is used in the Roman law; cf. Plin. Up. ii. 20, 
 12) or a forged instrument. Mayor follows Turnebus and Ruperti 
 in punctuating signator, falso, etc., which punctuation Madvig ap- 
 proves in case his own conjecture signato falso be not adopted. 
 With Mayor's pointing, falso would be translated by forgery. The 
 best conjectural readings are signator falsus and signator falsi. 
 
 Lautum, " genteel ; " a gentleman. — Beatum, rich. 
 
 68. His high respectability and wealth cost him two little tablets, 
 
SATIRE I. 131 
 
 on which he writes the forged will, — (" it would he enough to say 
 (Gains ii. 117) Titius /teres esto or Titium heredvm ease jabeo" I, — 
 and the trouble of moistening his ring to get a clean impression in 
 attaching his signet. 
 
 69. Occurrit, sc. mihi. — Matrona potens, some powerful matron ; 
 or the powerful matron, for dramatic individualization. There were 
 many instances of the infamous crime here described among women 
 of high rank in Rome. 
 
 Rihbeck places the four verses 69-72 between verses 76 and 77. 
 
 70. Viro sitiente. Generally explained as abl. absolute: a rare 
 construction, where the noun in the abl., in the parenthetical clause, 
 might have been expected to stand in the main clause (here in the 
 dat., after porrectura). Weiduer feels constrained by the position of 
 the words to take viro as dat. and supply eo with sitiente. But a 
 dative is unnecessary here, or at least can be left to be supplied in 
 the mind (e. g. ei). Translate: who, about to offer mild Calenian, 
 when her husband is thirsty, mixes with it the bramble-toad. 
 
 71. Melior, an improvement on. Lucusta was a professional 
 poisoner, employed by Agrippina to poison Claudius, and by Nero 
 to poison Britannicus. Galba ordered her to be executed! 
 
 73. Aud' aliquid. Notice the elision of the long syllable in the 
 first thesis. See L. Miiller, de re metr. 286 sqq. Aliquid, the read- 
 ing of the MSS.( Po») is stronger than the aliquis of many editors. 
 Cf. Cic. in Caecil. 48 : ut tu turn aliquid esse videare. Plin. Bp. i. 
 23, 2: erraverim fortasse qui me aliquid putavi. Plat. Apol. ail fin. 
 
 iii' Sokwoi n tlvai fit)5i>' Svrcf. 
 
 Gyaros, a small rocky island among the Cyclades, was used as a 
 place of deportation of the worst criminals. 
 76. Stantem, standing out in bold relief. 
 78. Praetextatus, i. e. " in his teens." 
 
 80. Cluvienus. Some obscure poetaster, otherwise unknown. 
 
 81. Ex quo, from the time when. 
 
 83. Mollia. Cf. Ov. Met. i. 400 sqq. Proleptic. Remember, how- 
 ever, in translation, that our own language admits of prolepsis. 
 
 84. Pyrra — Pyrrha. The wife of Deucalion. Ov. Met. i. 260 sqq. 
 86. Discursus, restless pursuits, men's uneasy runnings to and fro, 
 
 or runnings and chasings, after wealth and honor, or even lower 
 objects. In this meaning it is a word of the silver age. Cf. Sen. 
 ad Ser. de ot. 6, 5 : discursus et sudor. Brev. vit. 3, 2 : officiosa per 
 urbem discursatio. 
 
 Est follows the number of the predicate farrago, as it commonly 
 
132 NOTES. 
 
 does when the predicate is a substantive and the copula follows 
 immediately upon it. 
 
 87. Et often begins an indignant question. Hand Turs. ii. p. 492. 
 
 87 sq. Quando — sinus, i. e. "When were the sails of avarice more 
 widely spread ? Three other translations have been proposed : viz. : 
 (1) When did a larger haven lie open to avarice? (2) When did the 
 gulf of avarice yawn wider? (3) When did the toga fold of avarice 
 open wider (i. e. to pocket her gains) ? 
 
 Alea . . . animos. Supply habuit. — Hos = tales. 
 
 89 sq. Men do not go to' the gaming-table with their purses only, 
 but they stake their money-chests. Tabulae, sc. aleatoriae. Loculi 
 (in this sense plurale tantum masculinum) were small coffers, of 
 wood or ivory, in which money, jewels, or other valuables were 
 kept ; here distinguished from the large area, a " strong-box " or 
 money-chest, bound with iron. 
 
 91 sq. The cashier or steward is the arms-bearer, the arms in this 
 battle being coins. " The word dispensator, like dispendium, pensio, 
 pound, stipendium, recalls the time when money was weighed for 
 every payment." Mayor. 
 
 93. Reddere, here, as often, means to give as in duty bound ; to 
 give one what is his due. 
 
 94. Quis avus. 
 
 Fercula septem. Augustus contented himself with three courses, 
 or, when he had guests, with six at most. Suet. 74. 
 
 95. Secreto. Contrary to the advice of Epicurus : " Choose your 
 company first, and then your provision. For it is a lion's life or a 
 wolfs to gorge without a friend." Sen. Ep. 19, 10. 
 
 Sportula. " In the days of Roman freedom, clients were in the 
 habit of testifying respect for their patron by thronging his atrium 
 at an early hour, and escorting him to places of public resort when 
 he went abroad. As an acknowledgment of these courtesies, some of 
 the number were usually invited to partake of the evening meal. 
 After the extinction of liberty, the presence of such guests, who had 
 now lost all political importance, was soon regarded as irksome, while 
 at the same time many of the noble and wealthy were unwilling to 
 sacrifice the pompous display of a numerous body of retainers. 
 Hence the practice, under the empire, of bestowing upon each client, 
 when he presented himself for his morning visit, a certain portion 
 of food as a substitute for the occasional invitation to a regular sup- 
 per (cena recta), and this dole, being carried off in a little basket 
 provided for the purpose, received the name of sportula. For the 
 
SATIRE I. 133 
 
 sake of convenience, it became common to give an equivalent in 
 money, the sum established by general usage being a hundred quad- 
 rantes. In the atrium, the serous nomenclator handed the money over 
 at the morning visit of salutation, at which the clients were obliged 
 to appear in the toga. The donation in money, however, did not entire- 
 ly supersede the sportula given in kind. (See Satire iii. 249 sq.)" 
 
 97. Ille. The patron. 
 
 Inspicit, scrutinizes, pries into, examines searchingly. 
 
 99. The nomenclator, or slave who calls out the names of the 
 people, is here called ironically praeco, " his lordship's crier." 
 
 100. Trojugenas. " The older families claimed a mythical descent 
 from the Trojan Aeneas and his companions ; as the Julia gens from 
 lulus, the Sergia gens from Sergius, the Memmii from Mnestheus." 
 
 Vexant, " infest." 
 
 101. Da, etc. The words of the master to the dispensator. 
 104. Fenestrae, holes (for ear-rings). 
 
 105 sq. Quinque . . . parant, my five shops bring me in an income 
 of four hundred thousand sesterces, which was a knight's estate. 
 With yuadringenta supply sestcrtia. Another interpretation of 
 ijuimjue tubernae, based upon Livy xxvi. 27, is given by Heinrich 
 after Dusaulx, and meets with much favor among recent editors: 
 viz., the five banking-houses bring me in, etc., — alluding to the 
 man's transactions on 'change. This last translation, however, is 
 rejected by Becker (i. 297) and by Mayor. 
 
 106. Purpura major, i. e. the latus clavus or laticlave. See Lex. 
 8. vv. ciavus and laticlavius. 
 
 108. Corvinus was a cognomen of the Messalae, who were a branch 
 of the gens Valeria, one of the oldest families in Rome. 
 
 Custodit conductas oves, keeps sheep for hire (i. e. as a hired 
 laborer). 
 
 109. Pallas, brother of the procurator Felix before whom Paul 
 preached, was a freedman of Claudius, and was worth over two mil- 
 lions sterling. 
 
 Licinis. Generic plural. Licinus was a Gaul, a prisoner of Julius 
 Caesar who emancipated him and made him his di*pen$ator. Under 
 Angnstoi he ■mewed greml wealth m procurator of Gallia. 
 
 110. Sacro honori, etc., i. e. let him not trive place to (make way 
 for) the inviolable tribune, whose person was sacrosanctus. Abstract 
 for concrete. 
 
 111. Pedibus albis. Slaves newly imported are said to have had 
 their feet chalked or marked with gypsum when exposed for sale. 
 
 M 
 
134 NOTES. 
 
 116. And Concord, who clatters when her nest is hailed. The 
 temple of Concord fperhaps the one in the Carinae which was built 
 by Camillus after the expulsion of the Gauls) had become inhabited 
 by storks. The noise of the birds clapping their bills is attributed 
 to the goddess. 
 
 117. Summus honor. Another instance of the use of the abstract 
 for the concrete. 
 
 118. " Juvenal is alone in representing the rich and noble of both 
 sexes as actually receiving the dole. Martial speaks only (xii. 26) 
 of their going the round of morning visits." 
 
 119. Comites, his followers, the poor clients. 
 
 120 sq. Densissima lectica, a great crowd of litters. Cf. multo 
 delatore (iv. 47), plurimus aeger (iii. 232), and the use of ov%v6<; in 
 Greek. 
 
 122. Praegnas =praegnans. 
 
 123. Petit, sc. sportulam. Absenti, sc. uxori. 
 
 Nota jam callidus arte, by this time an adept in the profession 
 which he has mastered. See the Lexicons s. v. callidus. Mayor. 
 
 126. Quiescet, she'll be asleep ; you '11 find that she 's asleep. K. 
 Fr. Hermann, cited by Mayor, compares Terent. Phorm. 801-2 : Ch. 
 cognatam comperi esse nobis. De. quid ? deliras. Ch. sic e r i t ; 
 non temere dico. Many editors, however, give quiescit, although P 
 has the future. 
 
 127. Rerum, of engagements. 
 
 128. Juris peritus Apollo. In- the forum of Augustus, where 
 courts were held daily, there was a statue of Apollo. Having stood 
 there so long listening to lawsuits, Juvenal calls him learned in the 
 law. 
 
 129. Triumphales, sc. statuas. The forum of Augustus formed 
 two semicircles, one on each side of the temple of Mars Ultor, and 
 in these two porticvs Augustus set up statues "triumphali efligie" 
 of all the great Roman conquerors. 
 
 130. Nescio quis. Contemptuous. " Un je ne sais quoi." 
 Arabarches. As eastern Egypt from the Nile to the Red Sea bore 
 
 the name of Arabia, the governor of Thebais (one of the three presi- 
 dencies into which Egypt was divided) was also called Arabarches 
 on the analogy of Asiarch. The Egyptian upstart and Arabarch 
 here meant is probably Tiberius Alexander (son of Alexander Lysi- 
 machus), an Egyptian Jew turned pagan, who was made procurator 
 of Judaea circa 46 A. d., prefect of Egypt 66 or 67 A. d., was the 
 first to proclaim Vespasian emperor, 1 July, 69, and was general-in- 
 ch ief under Titus at the siege of Jerusalem. 
 
SATIRE I. 135 
 
 131. Non tantum (not only), etc. One may, without sacrilege, 
 commit more than one kind of nuisance. Lewis. Non taut am fas 
 est = you may do more than — . 
 
 132 sq. The vestibulum was an empty space before the door of the 
 house, through which there was an approach from the street (Aul. 
 Gell. xvi. 5). Although they had received their dole in the morn- 
 ing, the clients, after following their patron about during the whole 
 day and escorting him home, still hoped for an invitation to a recta 
 
 Ci', in. 
 
 136. Rex, the great man, their patron. — Tantum, all alone. 
 
 137 sq. In these lines the selfish luxury is satirized of men who, 
 while having many large round tables, of costly wood and antique 
 workmanship, which would serve for many guests, set out but one, 
 from which they eat alone, and yet with the most lavish expense. 
 
 139. Jam, soon. 
 
 141. Ponit, serves up. 
 
 141. Con-vivia. Cic. Cat. Maj. 45 : bene enim majores accubitionem 
 epularem amicorum, quia vitae conjunctionem haberet, couvivium 
 nominaverunt. 
 
 143. P. reads crudus. — - 144. Intestata. The friends would receive 
 no legacy, and hence be angry. 
 
 145. Another reading (pw), is it nova, etc. The best recent editors 
 read et with P. 
 
 149. In praecipiti stetit, stands at its highest point, has reached 
 the highest pitch. The perfect emphasizes the fact that this highest 
 point has already been reached. 
 
 TJtere. The poet addresses himself. 
 
 151. Materiae unde. Observe the hiatus, a liberty not uncommon 
 in Juvenal's hexameters. Cf. iii. 70, v. 158, viii. 105. 
 
 Priorum, of our forefathers. 
 
 153. Simplicitas. Independence, frankness, openness, bold free- 
 dom ; nafiprjaia. 
 
 Cujus — an non ? The quotation is from Lucilius (supra note on 
 verse 20); but with some modification, inasmuch as Lucilius could 
 not have used audeo as a dactyl, its final syllable being in his age 
 always long (L. Muller de re metr. 336 sq.). 
 
 154. Quid refert, what matters it t what difference does it make ? 
 Dictis, jests, sarcasms. 
 
 Mucius is the great jurist, P. Mucius Scaevola, cos. B. c. 133. He 
 was an enemy to Scipio Nasica and Scipio Africanus the younger, 
 the friends of Lucilius. 
 
136 NOTES. 
 
 155. Pone , portray ; attempt to sketch. 
 
 Tigellinus. The cruel and wanton favorite of Nero, and his ac- 
 complice in the burning of Rome. 
 
 Pone: lucebis, etc. (Satirize Tigellinus, and you'll fare as the 
 Christians did.) This is an elegant construction, equivalent to si 
 pones, lucebis. " In such cases Cicero never inserts et before the 
 apodosis. Later writers insert or omit it indifferently." 
 
 Taeda — harena, you will shine in those pine-fagots, in which 
 standing victims bum and smoke with their breasts fastened to a 
 stake, and you draw a wide furrow (after you) in the midst of the 
 sand. Various translations have been given of this doubtful passage. 
 Next to the above, I should prefer that which translates taeda in 
 ilia " in that torch " or " those torches ; " reference being made to 
 Nero's execution of the Christians (whom he falsely charged with 
 setting fire to Rome, to avert the odium of the crime from himself 
 and his favorite), by covering their bodies with tar and setting fire to 
 them, " that they might serve for torches and give light to the spec- 
 tators, they being so fastened that they could not bend their bodies." 
 A similar meaning has been brought out by translating taeda " a 
 pitched shirt," tunica molesta (viii. 235 J ; but it would be hard to 
 find authority for the use of the word taeda in that sense. 
 
 In deducis we have the lively use of the present for the future, 
 picturing the scene as if now going on. The allusion is to the drag- 
 ging away of bodies through the arena, either living, for execution, 
 or after death. The MSS. vary between this reading and deducit 
 and diducit. In P. the last letter is erased or illegible. Deducis is 
 adopted by Heinrich, Jahn, Hermann, Ribbeck, Macleane; Mayor 
 and Madvig (opusc. ii. 177) read deducit, supplying in thought the 
 relative quae referring to taeda. Various emendations have been 
 proposed, the neatest of which (offered in the Porson tracts) is quae 
 ducit. 
 
 158. Ergo, etc. What, then, is an infamous poisoner to be borne 
 aloft in luxury and look down on honest men ? 
 
 Vehatur. An indignant question of appeal. 
 
 159. Despiciat. So Heinrich, Ribbeck, Macleane, Mayor, after 
 some MSS. Jahn and Hermann, with P., despiciet. 
 
 Pensilibns plumis means a lectica with soft feather-bed and cush- 
 ions, raised aloft on men's shoulders. Macleane. 
 
 160. " Cum with the future, future perfect, or universal present, is 
 often almost equivalent to si." G. 584. 
 
 Veniet contra, he shall meet you. Contra = obviam. 
 
SATIRE I. 137 
 
 Compesce, etc., padlock your lip with your finger. Gildersleeve. 
 
 161. Even to say the single word " That 's he ! " would be danger- 
 ous. His guilty conscience would see in you an accuser, and contrive 
 severe punishment for you. 
 
 162-4. Write of the dead and gone, if you would be safe. 
 
 Licet committas, you may match, set fighting together, pit 
 together. 
 
 Eutulum. I. e. Turnus. 
 
 Hylas was the armor-bearer of Hercules; " drawing water at a 
 well he was dragged in by the nymphs, and Hercules sought him 
 long, sorrowing and calling upon his name, and set the people of the 
 country (Mysia) to seek him." 
 
 165. Lucilius. See note on verse 20. Cf. Horat. Sat. ii. 1, 62 sqq. ; 
 Pers. Sat. i. 114 sq. 
 
 Infremuit, has growled, or has roared. 
 
 Frigida is used of the chill which the sense of guilt sends to the 
 heart. 
 
 167. Tacita culpa, "with concealed guilt." A cold sweat coming 
 over the heart through the power of conscience and the fear of ex- 
 posure is a forcible description. 
 
 169. Animo. Another reading is anime. But the vocative seems 
 the less likely in so masculine and unsentimental a writer as 
 Juvenal. 
 
 Ante tubas. Before the battle is begun. The trumpets give the 
 signal both for the charge and the retreat. 
 
 Galeatum. The man who has once put on his helmet. On the 
 march, the helmet hung on the left breast, being suspended by a 
 strap over the right shoulder. Soldiers are so represented on Trajan's 
 pillar. 
 
 Duelli. In the old form duellum for helium the derivation from 
 duo is evident. 
 
 171. Flaminia atque Latina, sc. via. "The chief roads leading 
 out from Rome were lined for several miles with the tombs of the 
 wealthier citizens, burial within the walls of the city being forbidden 
 by the twelve tables." 
 
 M 2 *" 
 
SATIEE III. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-9. Although I am distressed at the departure of my old friend 
 Umbricius, I commend him for preferring a quiet home in Cam- 
 pania to the fires and falling buildings and the thousand perils and 
 the reciting poets of Rome. 
 
 10-20. While his family and goods were all being packed into a 
 single cart, Umbricius halted at the Capenian gate. Here we stepped 
 down into Egeria's vale and grottoes — how all unlike the true! 
 How far more manifest were the divinity of the stream, if grass 
 edged its waves with green, and no marble profaned the native tufa! 
 
 21-57. "Since," says my friend, "there is no room for honest 
 ^fl^fu^try at Rome, 1 will find a home elsewhere, while I have yet' 
 ^IWgoTto go. They who can make black white, and are willing* to 
 stoop to the meanest and most dishonest occupations, may stay here 
 and thrive. Such men can give the people shows, and then go back 
 to their low trades. And why should they not thus shift about, 
 since they only imitate Fortune, who has raised them ? What is 
 there for me to do at Rome? I cannot flatter, nor be an instrument 
 of crime, nor privy to the crimes of the great. Not for all the gold 
 of the Tagus should you be willing to forego your peace of mind by 
 harboring a guilty secret. 
 
 58-80. " I '11 tell you in whom our rich men most delight, and whom 
 I most avoid : 't is* Greeks, and worse, 't is Syrians : for Syria has 
 poured her refuse into Rome, — her language, customs, harps, and 
 drums, and harlots. From every town the Greeks swarm and creep 
 into rich houses — Jacks of all trades, clever, abandoned, impudent, 
 prompt, fluent. All arts, all sciences, are familiar to the starveling 
 Greek ; and bid him fly to the skies, he '11 do it; for Daedalus was a 
 Greek, and born at Athens. 81-108. Shall I not avoid their purple 
 robes ? Shall that man, blown to Rome by the same wind as figs 
 and damsons, rank before me, whose infancy breathed the air of 
 Rome? They can flatter most grossly, and yet be believed. What 
 player on the stage can surpass them? Not even Antiochus or 
 Haemus would seem wonderful among the Greeks, for the whole 
 nation are actors in daily life. 114-125. Pass on to a graver crime. 
 
 138 
 
SATIRE III. 139 
 
 Think of that Stoic who killed his friend and pupil, that old wretch 
 horn at Tarsus. There is no place for a Roman here ; these Greeks 
 have got sole possession. By a few drops of the poison of calumny 
 the oldest and most faithful clients are driven away, nor is their loss 
 felt. 
 
 126-167. " What are a poor man's services, when praetors rush before 
 them to do their homage to rich childless ladies? The first question 
 :it I tome is ' What is a man's wealth ? ' the last, ' What is his moral 
 character?' Poverty is always laughed at — the hardest thing to 
 bear in the poor man's lot. The poor man's tattered clothes, and 
 his ejection from the front rows in the theatre, to make room for a 
 crier's foppish son or a gladiator's, are a jest to his patron. What 
 poor man gets a wife, or an inheritance, or the humblest office? All 
 Romans true should long ago have joined to fly their country. 'Tis 
 hard to rise where virtue is kept down by poverty; but hardest of 
 all at Rome, where food and lodging are so dear. 
 
 168-189. " Here a man 's ashamed to dine off earthenware ; not so 
 when he goes into the country. In the country both great and small 
 appear in public in their undress tunics; in town the client must 
 wear the costly toga. Here men live beyond their means. How 
 much will you give to call on this grandee, or for a glance from that 
 one? When a patron offers to some god the locks of a haudsome 
 page, and the house is full of sacrificial cakes, poor clients must fee 
 the slaves, or they are not admitted to a share. 
 
 190-222. "In the country who fears falling houses? Rome is 
 shored up with buttresses. 1 'd rather live where there are no fires 
 nor midnight terrors. The poor man's house burns, he loses his 
 little all, and no one will help him; the rich man receives contri- 
 butions which more than replace his losses. 223-231. You may buy 
 a house and a little garden in the country for the annual rent of a 
 garret in Rome. 232-238. The poor cannot sleep at Rome, for the 
 noise of the crowded streets. 
 
 239-267. "The rich man is borne through the streets in a litter, 
 where he may read or sleep at ease ; the poor is hustled by crowds, 
 bumped by logs of timber, trampled on by a soldier's hob-nailed 
 boots. A client, returning home with his slave bearing his dinner in 
 a chafing-dish, is crushed to death under a wagon-load of marble. 
 His household is making ready to receive him ; but he the while 
 cowers on the shores of Styx, without a farthing for the ferryman. 
 
 268-277. " The night has other dangers, — such as pots from lofty 
 windows; count yourself happy if you get no more than their con- 
 tents. A wise man makes his will before he walks abroad at night. 
 278-301. A drunken rioter meets you, who sleeps not till he kills his 
 man. Though 'flown with insolence and wine,' he knows how to 
 avoid the rich man's train and torches, hut 1 am his victim, who go 
 forth by the light of a candle or the moon. With insulting speech 
 he picks a quarrel, if that be quarrel where one gives, the other does 
 but take the blows. Whether you answer or not, it's all the same; 
 he knocks you down, then (as if he were the aggrieved party) binds 
 vou over to appear in court. This is the poor man's license when 
 he's beaten, to pray he may be suffered to carry home a few teeth in 
 his head. 
 
140 NOTES. 
 
 302-314. " Then when your doors are closed and barred, the robber 
 breaks in and robs or murders you. For thieves come to Rome as 
 their preserve. Their fetters soon will leave no iron for our tools. 
 Happy our ancestors, for whose need one prison was enough ! 
 
 315-322. " But I must go ; the horses and the driver are impatient, 
 and the sun is setting. Farewell, remember me; and when you go 
 to Aquinum send for me, and I '11 come help you write another 
 satire." — Mayor and Macleane, with modifications. 
 
 \ 
 \ 
 
 1. Confusns, distressed. Cf. PI in. Paneg. 86 : quam ego audio con- 
 fusionem tuam fuisse, cum digredientem prosequereris ! 
 
 Amici. Juvenal calls the name of his friend Umbricius (vs. 20). 
 We have no reason to suppose that any real person is meant. 
 
 2. Vacuis, empty, unfrequented. 
 
 3. Quod . . . destinet. Quod with the subjunctive is used when we 
 state both the reason and the assertion by another party that the fact 
 is so. (M. 357.) Because, as he tells me, etc. The infinitive after 
 destinare is found in Caesar, Nepos, Livy, and Ovid, but becomes 
 more frequent in the silver age. 
 
 Sibylla. The Cumaean Sibyl was supposed to dwell in a large 
 artificial cave; modern travellers are shown what may be some 
 remains of it. Justin Martyr {cohort. 37) saw at Cumae a great 
 basilica, hewn out of the rock, with three baths in which the Sibyl 
 bathed. After her bath, she retired into an inner shrine, also hewn, 
 like the baths, out of the rock, where, sitting on a lofty tribunal and 
 seat, she gave her oracles. Mayor. 
 
 4. Janua Baiarum. The Via Domitiana, a branch of the Via 
 Appia from Sinuessa, led to Cumae, whence travellers took an older 
 road that led to Baiae and the principal towns on the bay as far as 
 Surrentum, all of which were favorite resorts of the wealthy Romans. 
 " This gratum litm was so thickly studded with houses that, accord- 
 ing to Strabo, they looked like one town." 
 
 Amoeni secessus. Genitive of quality : affording an agreeable 
 retreat. " Un lieu d'un trSs agreable sejour." 
 
 5. Prochyta (now Procida) is a small island near Cape Misenum. 
 Subura (or Suburra) was the name of a low street leading from the 
 
 Esquiline to the Viminal,— the noisiest and most disreputable part 
 of Rome. 
 
 7, 8. The many stories of the Roman houses, of which the upper 
 (tabulata, contignationes) were of wood, the narrowness of the streets, 
 

 : 
 
 SATIRE III. 141 
 
 and the wooden outhouses, all increased the risks of fire. Conflagra- 
 tions were frequent and extensive. Owing to the dearness of land 
 and cost of lodging, speculators carried their buildings to a great 
 height, and employed very frail materials; earthquakes and inunda- 
 tions often undermined even more solidly built houses. Mayor. 
 
 10. Dum componitur, substitit. When dam denotes what hap- 
 pens while something else happens, it is usually constructed with the 
 present, although the action be past and the perfect be used in the 
 leading proposition. M. 336, obs. 2. 
 
 Domus, his household. 
 
 Beda. " A Gallic vehicle, much used at this time by the Romans. 
 It was four-wheeled, drawn by two or four horses, — a family, and 
 later a stage-coach, constructed to carry passengers and goods." 
 
 11. Arcus. An aqueduct was carried on arches over the porta Cape- 
 na, and the gate was called in the time of the scholiast " the dripping 
 arch." From the porta Capena, one of the principal gates in the 
 wall of Servius, the Appian way led to Capua. The discovery of the 
 first milestone on the Appian way has fixed the position of the gate 
 at the foot of mons Cuelius. It is fifteen hundred yards within the 
 porta Appia of the wall of Aurelian, now called Porta 8an Seb is- 
 tiano. 
 
 12. Hie, here. TJbi, etc. I. e. in the lucus Camenarum (or grove 
 of the four Latin prophetic divinities, Antevorta, Postvorta, Car- 
 menta, and Egeria 1 , directly before the porta Capena, on the left 
 hand as one passed out of the city. As the grove was filled with 
 poor Jews, Umbricius leads Juvenal farther aside into the quiet 
 valley of Egeria, whence they could still see the Appian way. This 
 grove, which had a fountain in it (Liv. i. 21), the poet represents as 
 the scene of the meetings of Numa and Egeria. From the strange 
 notion that these meetings must have been in the valley of Egoria, 
 Jahn and Ribbeck place the five lines 12-16 after line 20, and II. A. 
 J. Munro, while retaining the old order of the verses, offers his friend 
 Mayor an ingenious but strained interpretation of the passage. 
 
 Amicae. Egeria, one of the four Camenae ; a prophetic muse, not 
 a nymph. (Dion. Hal. ii. 60, 364.) Juvenal chooses to give a 
 satirical turn to the tradition of Numa's interviews with this 
 goddess. 
 
 14. The large wicker basket and the hay, which constituted the 
 scanty furniture of the Jews to whom the grove and the aedes Came- 
 narum had been let, were used, the first for a receptacle for their 
 
 rovisions and for alms, the second for a bed. 
 
142 NOTES. 
 
 15. Mercedem, a rent. Populo, to the Roman people. 
 
 16. The wood itself is said to go a begging, as its occupants beg. 
 
 17. Notice the asyndeton. As the Muses' grove is now so unin- 
 viting, we go down at once into Egeria's valley. 
 
 Speluncas. "Juvenal speaks of artificial grottoes, but does not" 
 necessarily " mean more than one." 
 
 18. Veris, natural ones. But translate, unlike the true. 
 Praesentius. How much nearer to us would the goddess of the 
 
 spring seem to be ! Another reading is praestantim. 
 
 19. Cluderet = c/«Mde/'e£. 
 
 20. Ingenuum, native, natural, plain, unsophisticated. 
 Nee . . . violarent, and . . . did not wrong (spoil). 
 
 23. Res, my property, my means. 
 
 Here was the form commonly used in Juvenal's time. The pro- 
 nunciation of the final letter was intermediate between e and i. 
 (Quintil. i. 4, 8.) Augustus wrote heri. 
 
 23 sqq. Eadem — aliquid, " and will again to-morrow wear away 
 something from its small remainder." 
 
 Proponimus. Plural for the singular. 
 
 Illuc . . . ubi Daedalus, etc. To Cumae. Cf. Verg. Aen. vi. 14 sqq. 
 
 27. In the Greek conception of the Mulpai, who according to 
 Hesiodwere three — Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos — it was Clotho's 
 business to spin the thread of human life. Lachesis determined the 
 duration and condition of it, [and Atropos, " the inflexible," held 
 the shears, and at Clotho's command cut the thread.] But, as in 
 Horace, the three sisters are sometimes represented as spinning, and 
 here Clotho's functions are usurped by Lachesis. Macleane. 
 
 29 sq. Artorius et Catulus. "Any two scoundrels." Strauch 
 thinks that Juvenal chooses names which will include both nobles 
 (Catulus) and plebeians (Artorius). 
 
 30. Qui vertunt. The indicative emphasizes the action as an 
 actual fact. 
 
 31. Quis = guibu8. 
 
 31-33. Who are willing (as redemptores, mancipes, or conductores) 
 to undertake the building or repair of temples, the dredging or 
 embanking of rivers, the construction or clearing of harbors, the 
 draining of the sewers, the carrying out the dead to burial ; and, 
 having made the most of their contracts, to embezzle the money, and 
 when that is safe become bankrupt. Mayor. Some understand 
 flumina and portus of the farming of the public revenues, and 
 eluviem siccandam of the draining of marshes, or even of salt- 
 making (Tac. 13, 57). 
 
SATIRE III. 143 
 
 33. And to offer themselves to be sold up, under the spear, the 
 symbol of lawful ownership ; i. e., to go into bankruptcy. Juvenal 
 might have said praebere se venales. The expression " he is sold up " 
 is used for " his goods are sold." The State, as creditor, had the 
 right to put itself in possession of the goods of thcbankrupt {creditor 
 in bona debitoris mittebatur), and they were sold at auction sub hasta 
 (signo justi dominii, Gaius iv. 16). The fraudulent debtor became 
 iiifimis, and the infamia entailed the loss of status (Walter, § 788, 
 p. 455). Mayor ; Schoniann Jahrb. 99, 765-7. Others interpret this 
 verse of contracting for the sale of slaves by auction. The custom 
 of setting up a spear at auctions is said to have been derived from 
 the practice followed in old times of selling prisoners and booty on 
 the field of battle under this symbol. 
 
 36. Munera, sc. gladiatoria. 
 
 Verso pollice. Those who wished the death of a conquered 
 gladiator turned (vertebant, convertebant) their thumbs towards their 
 breasts, as a signal to his opponent to stab him ; those who wished 
 him to be spared, turned their thumbs downwards (premebant), as a 
 signal for dropping the sword. Mayor. 
 
 37. Populariter. " To win good will." 
 
 38. After giving the people shows, they go back to their trade, 
 which condescends to low gains (Macleane). They farm the cabinets 
 d'aisance ; and why should they not contract for anything? 
 
 42. Poscere. I. e. to ask for a copy, to read carefully at home. 
 
 Motus astrorum, etc. I am no astrologer, to promise a wicked 
 expectant heir the speedy death of his father. 
 
 44. Ranarum viscera, etc. I have never, as anharuspex, inspected 
 the entrails of frogs. "The superstitious consulted the entrails of 
 animals not commonly used for the purpose." 
 
 47. Nulli comes exeo. Since I will bear no part in extortions, no 
 governor takes me with him in his cohors into a province. That/wr 
 and comes are to be thus explained, appears from the mention of 
 Verres (53). Mayor; and so Weidner and Lewis. Macleane says 
 that " comes means comes exterior, the great man's walking com- 
 panion." 
 
 48. Exstinctae corpus non utile dextrae, a useless trunk, with 
 right hand destroyed. " Exstinctae dextrae " is the genitive of quality 
 or description. 
 
 49. Conscius, an accomplice. 
 
 Cti. Here a dissyllable. Cf. vii. 211. 
 
 55. The Tagus was one of those rivers which were supposed to 
 have gold in their sands. 
 
144 NOTES. 
 
 56. Ut somno careas, etc. That for it you should be willing to 
 forego your peace of mind by harboring a guilty secret. 
 
 Ponenda = deponenda. The gifts and honors must sometime be 
 parted with, at least at death. 
 
 57. Tristis, like somno careas, implies the absence of true happi- 
 ness which always accompanies an unquiet conscience. 
 
 61. Quamvis, and yet. /Used like quamquam (Aen. v. 195) in cor- 
 recting one's self. — Quota portio faecis Achaei? Best translated 
 in English as an exclamation : how small a portion of our dregs 
 are Greeks ! Lewis says, " I cannot understand how Heinrich and 
 Macleane" (he might have added "and all the leading editors") 
 " put a note of interrogation after Achaei." They could do nothing 
 else. Quotus is an interrogative adjective pronoun, and quota portio 
 means properly, in the words of Mayor, "one part amongst how 
 many ? " or " how many parts, each equal to this, go to make up the 
 whole ? " Macleane explains himself very well when he says that 
 "Whath partf" would express quota pars, if we could coin an 
 interrogative adjective after the analogy of the seventh part, eighth, 
 etc. He refers to Key's Latin Gram., \ 248 and note. 
 . 63 sq. Chorda^ obliquas, triangular harps. The sambuca is refer- 
 red to. _^ — <"*' 
 
 Gentilia tympana, the tambourines of the nation ; chiefly used in 
 the worship of Cybele. " They correspond," Macleane says, " to the 
 Indian tom-tom, and are beaten with no perceptible reference to 
 time .... The Orientals have little or no ear for music ; and on lower 
 ground than Umbricius takes, he might have run away from the 
 music of Eastern flageolets, harps, and drums. They were probably 
 such as are still in use all over Asia, and no discord is comparable 
 to that which is there listened to with satisfaction." 
 
 65. Circum. The Circus Maximus. 
 
 66. Ite, hie thither I Ruperti says " ite in malam rem ; " which to 
 be sure is the same thing. 
 
 Picta. Find by scanning the verse the quantity of the final a. 
 In what case \s picta, accordingly, and with what other word only in 
 this line can it agree ? 
 
 Mitra. A species of light turban, worn by Asiatic women of bad 
 fame. 
 
 67. Rusticus ille tuus, thy old-time rustic ; " that son of thine, the 
 rustic of old." 
 
 Trechedipna. A Greek word of obvious derivation. (See the 
 Lexicons.) Of the two meanings given by the Scholiast, " vestimenta 
 
SATIRE III. 145 
 
 parasitica, vel galliculas Grecas currentium ad caenam," Freund 
 adopts the first, a garment worn by parasites running to a supper; 
 recent editors incline rather to the second, a kind of dress-shoes worn 
 as above. Simply for translation, we need not solve the difficulty. 
 Ambon remarks that " Juvenal means to lash not only the introduc- 
 tion of effeminate Grecian manners and costume, but also the accom- 
 panying inroad of Greek terms into the Roman tongue;" and he 
 purposely retains the word in his translation, " puts on the treche- 
 dipna." 
 
 68. Ceroma was a mixture of oil, wax, and earth, with which the 
 athletes rubbed themselves before wrestling. 
 
 Niceteria, prizes of victory, such as collars, chains of gold, rings, 
 and (as perhaps here) wreaths or garlands. 
 
 69. Alta Sicyone. " Old Sicyon lay in the plain near the sea, but 
 Demetrius Poliorcetes razed - the walls and houses, and removed the 
 inhabitants to the Acropolis." 
 
 Amydon was on the banks of the Axius in Macedonia. 
 
 70. Notice the hiatus in a Greek word before the principal caesura. 
 
 71. What hill of Rome is here spoken of as deriving its name from 
 the osiers that grew on it? (Varro, however, says (v. 51), Viminalis 
 
 a Jove Vimino, quoi ibi arae; but adds sunt qui quod ibi vimineta j 
 
 fuerint.) ^ 
 
 72. Viscera, the vitals, the heart; " bosom-friends." -\J*^ 
 
 73. Ingenium — perdita, " their wit is quick, their impudence 
 desperate." 
 
 74. Isaeo torrentior = torrentior quam sermo Isaei. "The 
 ablative of the person, instead of the ablative {sermone), of that 
 which belongs to him." M. 280, obs. 2 ; Z. 767 in fine. 
 
 Isaeus was a Greek rhetorician of distinction, who came to Rome 
 about A. D. 97, being then upwards of sixty years of age. Pliny the 
 younger {Epp. ii. 3) speaks in the highest terms of his ready elo- 
 quence. 
 
 75. Quern vis hominem, any character you clioose. 
 
 76. Geometres is here a trisyllable, the e and o being contracted 
 into one syllable by synaeresis. 
 
 Aliptes. The slave who anointed his muster in the bath. 
 
 78. Graeculus, the Greekliug. The contemptuous use of the dimin- 
 utive. 
 
 Jusseris = sijusseris. Strictly, a hortatory subjunctive. 
 
 79. In summa, in short, in a word, denique. In the golden age, 
 this expression was used only to denote the whole as opposed to the 
 
 10 — Juv. N 
 
146 NOTES. 
 
 single parts : cf. Cic. ad Quint, fr. ii., 16, 3 : Drusus erat de prae- 
 varicatione a tribunis aerariis absolutus, in summa quattuor senten- 
 tiis, cum senatores et equites daninassent ; where in summa means 
 in the whole number of the judges : quoad judices universos, vicit 
 quattuor sententiis. Ad summam would be the Ciceronian expres- 
 sion in our passage, and so some editors, after pw, have read; so also 
 Freund and other lexicographers. Our reading is that of P. and S., 
 adopted by Jahn, Hermann, Bibbeck, Weidner. The later Latin 
 used both in summa and ad summam in the sense of denique. 
 
 80. Mediis natus Athenis. The reference is to Daedalus. 
 
 81. Horum. Notice the passage, in lively discourse, from the 
 generic singular to the plural. 
 
 Conchylia. I. e. purple robes. 
 
 82. Signabit. I. e. as witness, e. g. to a marriage-deed (x. 336) or 
 will (i. 67). — Eecumbit, etc. I. e. be ranked higher at table. 
 
 83. Pruna et cottona, plums (of Damascus, whence our " dam- 
 sons," originally " Damascenes "), and small Syrian Jigs. Other 
 readings are cottana (and so Hesychius) and coctana. 
 
 84. Usque adeo nihil est, is it so utterly nothing ? is it so entirely 
 to go for nothing ? 
 
 85. Baca (bacca) Sabina, the Sabine olive. 
 
 86. Quid quod, why add that ? 
 
 91. Hie .... quo .... marito = i7£« maritus (i. e. gallus), quo. 
 Attraction of the antecedent substantive into the relative clause. 
 M. 319, obs. — Hie, i. e. vox illius. Cf. verse 74. — Quo marito. 
 See note on i. 13 : adsiduo lector e. 
 
 93 sqq. Is the comedian, when he plays Thais, etc., a better actor 
 (than the Greek is in private life) ? So do the Greeks excel in flat- 
 tery and deception, that actors maintaining the most difficult parts, 
 even men personating women so as to be mistaken for them, do not 
 surpass their art. So Madvig, Opusc. i. 51. 
 
 Thais. A courtesan, e. g. in the Eunuchus of Terence. 
 
 94. Doris. A name of a servant-girl. Madvig, Opusc. i. 53. 
 
 Nullo cultam palliolo, clad in no mantle; not having apalliolum 
 (or pallium), the outer dress of the lower order of women, but clad 
 in the chiton alone. So K. F. Hermann, Madvig, Mayor, and others. 
 Macleane wrongly accepts the definition of palliolum as " a small 
 square cloth worn over the head to protect it from the weather, or to 
 hide the face."— For nullo Jahn adopts Buchner's conjecture pullo. 
 
 97. Tenui — rima, parted by a narrow cleft. 
 
 98, 99. The names here given are those of four distinguished 
 actors in Rome, all of them Greeks. 
 
SATIRE III. 147 
 
 Nee tamen. Still, neither Antiochus, etc. " It is true that the 
 actor personates a woman to the very life ; still the best actors do no 
 more than what every Greek can do." 
 
 Illic. I. e. in their own country. 
 
 Molli. Delicate and graceful, in tone and gesture. 
 
 102. Nee, and yet not. Ylin.-Epp. v. 6, 36 : ita occulte tempera- 
 tur, ut impleat nee redundet. Mayor. 
 
 103. Endromidem. A thick woollen rug thrown over the body after 
 violent exercise. 
 
 Here Gifford quotes Hamlet's dialogue with Osric : 
 
 Osr. I thank your lordship, 't is very hot. 
 Ham. No, believe me, 't is very cold : the wind is northerly. 
 Osr. It is indifferent cold, my lord, indeed. 
 
 Ham. But yet, methinks, it is very sultry, and hot for my complexion. 
 Osr. Exceedingly, my lord ; it is very sultry, — as 't were, — I cannot tell 
 how. — Hamlet, v. 2. 
 
 Cf. Gnatho in Ter. Eun. ii. 2, 19. 
 
 105 sq. Aliena — facie, to assume an expression of countenance 
 from another's face. "According to Atnenaeus, one Klefeophua 
 used to make a wry face whenever Philip tasted any pungent dish. 
 Plutarch compares such a flatterer to a polypus, or to a mirror which 
 reflects all images from without." 
 
 106. Jactare manus, to throw up his hands in admiration and 
 astonishment. Another (but inferior) reading in the preceding clause 
 is alienum sumere vultum, which requires the words a facie jactare 
 manus to be taken together, and translated to fling kuses. 
 
 Laudare paratus. Juvenal is fond of this construction of the 
 infinitive after adjectives. A. & G. 57, 8, /, 3 ; G. 424, 4 ; H. 552, 3. 
 
 108. Weidner understands tndla aurea of a golden ladle with 
 which wine was dipped from the wine-jar. The patron has drained 
 the jar and turned it upside down (inverso fundo), and then asks his 
 Greek parasite to dip him some wine. The parasite eagerly ha-tms 
 to obey, and strikes the bottom of the jar with his ladle, so that it 
 rings, before he perceives that it has been inverted. Instead of being 
 offended at the poor joke played upon him, he laughs aloud and 
 applauds his master's wit. With this explanation, the verse is 
 rendered, if the golden ladle has rung on the bottom of the wine-jar. 
 
 An interpretation more commonly adopted explains trulla as a 
 drin king-cup; the verse would then be translated, if, when its bottom 
 is turned upwards, the golden goblet has given a gurgling sound. So 
 Stapylton : 
 
148 NOTES. 
 
 Or if, the bottom o' th' gilt bowl turn'd up, 
 He fetcht the froth off with a gallant sup. 
 
 Others still, less plausibly, understand that he dashes the heel- 
 taps of his goblet into a basin or upon the floor, as if playing the 
 cottabos. 
 
 The examples given by Forcellirii sufficiently prove that trulla 
 may mean either a ladle or a drinking-cup. Some suppose that its 
 meaning here is scaphium or matella, and that fundus in this 
 passage is equivalent to anus. Heinrich argues ingeniously in favor 
 of the scholiast's first explanation, si pepederit, taking trulla aurea 
 as venter divitis. The second interpretation of the scholiast has 
 little probability : si calix aureus crepitum dederit cadens e manu 
 divitis. 
 
 114. Transi, pass by; say nothing of. Others take it as equivalent 
 to transi ad. 
 
 115. Gymnasia, their training-schools. "Quit the playgrounds 
 of vice." 
 
 Facinus majoris abollae, a crime of the larger robe ; i. e. a crime 
 committed by a man of high position. 
 
 116. Servilius Barea Soranus was proconsul of Asia in the reign 
 of Claudius, and a man of high character. He fell under the dis- 
 pleasure of Nero, and was charged with treasonable practices, and 
 his daughter Servilia with aiding him. They were condemned to 
 death. The chief witness against them was P. Egnatius Celer, a 
 Stoic philosopher, grave of garb and mien, but treacherous, crafty, 
 ^avaricious, and lustful. Egnatius was rewarded with riches and 
 honors : afterwards, however (A. D. 69), he was exiled. 
 
 117 sq. Nutritus, etc. Egnatius is said to have been born at 
 Berytus ; but he was educated at Tarsus, if the interpretation usually 
 given to verses 117, 118, is the correct one. The Gorgoneus cabal- 
 lus (caballus, nag or hack, contemptuously; like Persius's fonte 
 caballino of Hippocrene) is Pegasus, who sprang from the blood of 
 the Gorgon Medusa when Perseus struck off her head at Tartessus 
 in Spain. According to the legend, he lost a wing (rupcos) at Tarsus, 
 on the banks of the Cydnus in Cilicia, whence the city had its name. 
 Strabo fxiv. 673 sq.) says of Tarsus in his day, "with such zeal do 
 the inhabitants study philosophy and literature, that they surpass 
 Athens, Alexandria, and all other schools of learning. . . . Rome 
 knows well how many men of letters issue from this city, for her 
 streets swarm with them." " The apostle Paul, Apollonius of Tyana 
 and the Stoics Nestor, the teacher of Tiberius, and Athenodorus, 
 
SATIRE III. 143 
 
 with others," are mentioned by Mayor as having received instruction 
 in this city. 
 120. Notorious parasites. 
 
 123. Naturae, of his own (i. e. the parasite's) disposition. 
 Patriae, of his country, i. e. of Greece. 
 
 Veneno, venom. 
 
 124. Perierunt, have been wasted ; have gone for naught. 
 
 125. " My long slavery " is the client's bitter expression for his 
 attentions and civilities to his patron. 
 
 Nusquam — clientis, nowhere do they make less of pitching a client 
 overboard. " The word cliens," says Macleane, " is used to express 
 a totally different relation between patron and dependant from what 
 it expressed in the earlier times of the republic. At this time it did 
 not involve a legal and political distinction, and meant no more than 
 an humble friend, a dependant who looked to another for rapport, 
 counsel, and so forth." 
 
 126. Officium, service. 
 
 Ne nobis blandiar, not to flatter ourselves; to tell the plain truth. 
 
 127 sq. Si — currere, if he take the pains to run while it is yet 
 night in his toga. The toga, the "dress-coat" of the Romans, was 
 always worn in calls of civility and other officio-. 
 
 128. While the praetor treads on the heels of his lictor, etc. " The 
 poor man stands no chance of being noticed, when even the higher 
 magistrate! are hastening on the same errand." The praetor at 
 this time had two lictors when within the city, and six without 
 Impellat implies hitting against, in whatever manner. Cf. Sen. de 
 Trmiq. An. 12, 2: impellunt obvios et se aliosque praecipitant. 
 Heiurich understands manu, and translates pokes the lictor in the 
 ribs. 
 
 129. Dudum vigilantibus orbis, the childless ladies having been 
 awake (i. e. up and ready for their reception ) for a long time. 
 
 130. The names r epre s e nt two rich and childless matrons. 
 
 137 sq. Hospes numinis Idaei. Livy (xxix. 10, 11) relates that 
 when in 205 B. C. the Sibylline books were consulted, it was found 
 that Rome might be secured against all invaders, if only the Maean 
 Mother were brought from Pessinus to Rome. The Delphic oracle 
 directed that the best man in the city should receive her with a 
 proper welcome ; and the senate (B.C. 204) selected P. Cornelius 
 Scipio Nasica, a young man who had not yet been quaestor, for that 
 honor (Liv. xxix. 14). He received the image at Ostia from the ship 
 that had conveyed it, and then delivered it to the charge of the 
 
 N2 
 
150 NOTES. 
 
 matrons. This image which the priests of Pessinus presented to the 
 Romans as the veritable Mother Cybele was a rude field-stone. 
 
 Numa was the most pious of kings. 
 
 138 sq. Qui — Minervam. L. Caecilius Metellus, twice consul, 
 when pontifex maximus (b. C. 241), saved the Palladium from the 
 burning temple of Vesta. In this act of courageous devotion he lost 
 his sight from the effect of the flames. 
 
 140. Ad, in regard to, with reference to, as regards. Cf. Cic. de 
 Fin. ii. 20, 63 : non timidus ad mortem ; in Cat. i. 5, 12 : ad severi- 
 tatem lenius. Moribus, his character. 
 
 Seneca (Epp. xix. 6, 14) translates from an old Greek tragedian as 
 follows : 
 
 Sine me vocari pessimum, ut dives vocer; 
 
 "An dives" omnes quaerimus, nemo "an bonus;" 
 
 Non " qua re et unde," " quid " habeas, tantum rogant. 
 
 144. Samothracum. The most secret mysteries known to the 
 ancients were connected with the worship of the Cabiri : deities 
 worshipped nowhere else so solemnly as in Samothrace. Macleane. 
 
 149. Sordidula, a trifle soiled. 
 
 151. Non una cicatrix, " more than one seam " or patch. 
 
 153. Inquit, sc. designator, the usher. Inquit is often used with- 
 out a subject expressed. The scene is now in the theatre or amphi- 
 theatre. 
 
 154. Pulvino equestri. The orchestra was appropriated to the 
 senators ; the fourteen front rows of the cavea, which were cushioned, 
 were reserved for the knights. Any one might take his place there 
 who had the equestrian census of 400,000 sesterces. The tribune L. 
 Eoscius Otho (verse 159) proposed this law B. C. 67. Having grad- 
 ually fallen into disuse, it was revived by Domitian. 
 
 158. A pinnirapus, or crest-snatcher, was a gladiator matched with 
 a Samnite. The Samnite gladiators wore a crest on their helmets; 
 the pinnirapus sought to snatch away this crest, or a feather from it. 
 Gladiators were not allowed to sit in the knights' benches : it appears 
 that the restriction did not extend to their sons. Praecones too were 
 of low social position, and not eligible to the rank of decuriones so 
 long as they followed their calling. 
 
 160 sq. Censu — impar, inferior in estate, and not a match for the 
 young lady in his money-bags. The last clause may also be translated, 
 not a match for the young lady's money-bags. Others render sar- 
 cinulis, " dowry ; " others still " trousseau ; " others refer it to such 
 
SATIRE III. 151 
 
 things as the woman fancied she wanted after marriage, the poor man 
 being described as unable to keep his wife in " trinkets and finery." 
 Censu may refer to the equestrian estate, " or censu minor may be 
 taken generally for a man of small means." 
 
 162. When is a poor man an " assessor" (i. e. a legal adviser) even 
 to the police? The aediles were at this time police-officers. 
 
 163. Olim, long ago; a meaning which this word often has in 
 writers of the silver age. 
 
 164. Haut = hand. Johnson's vigorous version of this sentence 
 was inspired by his own experience : 
 
 "Slow rises worth by poverty depress'd." 
 
 166. Magno, sc. constat. 
 
 167. Servorum ventres. " Petron. 57 : viginti ventres pasco." 
 " Horace, who lived as plainly as any man could do, and was a 
 bachelor, could not sit down to his dinner of leeks and fritters with- 
 out three slaves, which he considered the height of independence 
 (Sat. i. 6, 116). Umbricius was married, and had children, and the 
 customary number of slaves in every household had grown enormously 
 since the days of Horace." 
 
 168. Negabis is a conjecture of Valesius, adopted by Jahn, Rib- 
 beck, Wetdner. The MSS. negavit ; but 6 and v are often inter- 
 changed in manuscripts. Grangaeus conjectured negabit, which 
 Hermann adopts. 
 
 170. The cucullus was a sort of cape, worn over the lacerna. It 
 was provided with a hood, which could be drawn over the head 
 either to disguise the wearer or to defend him from the weather. 
 Venetus, sea-green; sometimes blue, or shifting between blue and 
 green ; sometimes of ferruginous color (Lyd. de mens. iv. 25). 
 
 172. After death, the body of a free person was always clad in a 
 toga, such as accorded with his rank. Augustus forbade the citizens 
 to appear without the toga in the forum or circus. But the toga was 
 costly and inconvenient, and hence gladly laid aside on informal 
 occasions. Pliny mentions among the charms of his Tuscan villa, 
 nulht necessita.8 togae {Epp. v. 6, 45). 
 
 172-4. Order: Si quando ipsa dierum festorum majestas {"the 
 solemn holidays ") colitiir herboso theatre 
 
 Tandem, after a long interval. 
 
 175. Exodium, a merry farce ; originally an interlude (Liv. vii. 2). 
 
 Personae, etc. In the farces grotesque masks were used, u having 
 the mouth wide open, representing broad laughter or grinning." 
 
152 NOTES. ' 
 
 Lucian de Salt. 27, quoted by Mayor, speaks of an " actor with a 
 mask that towers above his head, and a great mouth gaping wide, as 
 if to swallow up the audience." 
 
 177-9. " In the rustic crowd there is no distinction of latus clavus 
 or angustus clavus, nor any praetexta; even the municipal senate 
 (decuriones), who occupy the orchestra, as the senators do at Eome, 
 are dressed like the rest of the spectators in tunics ; " and a white 
 tunic is sufficient to mark the dignity of the " great aediles," the 
 common people appearing in dark-colored tunics. Clari honoris aifcd 
 summis are used humorously, like Horace's magni quo pueri, magtks 
 e centurionibus orti. 
 
 180. Habitus. Genitive. The use of this word in the sense of 
 dress, as here and in line 177, is rare before the post- Augustan 
 writers. 
 
 182. Ambitiosa, ostentatious, pretentious. 
 
 184. Quid das. I. e. to Cossus's servants. 
 
 Cossus. " A noble," says the scholiast. Probably an informer and 
 accuser like Veiento. 
 
 185. A. Fabricius Veiento, praetor b. c. 55 (when he ran dogs 
 instead of horses in the games), was banished from Italy B. c. 62 for 
 libelling senators and priests, and for selling various offices, and was 
 afterwards consul under Domitian, and a notorious informer. He 
 was a friend also of Nerva's. Cf. Plin. Epp. iv. 22, 4 : Cenabat Nerva 
 cum paucis. Veiento proximus atque etiam in sinu .recumbebat. 
 Dixi omnia, cum hominem nominavi. Mayor. 
 
 Clauso labello. Without deigning to open his lips. » 
 
 186 sq. Hie, hie. Any other patrons. 
 Deponit, cuts, i. e. causes to be cut. 
 
 " When a youth first shaved, it was a holiday, and the young down 
 was sometimes offered to some god, with the long hair worn in boy- 
 hood but cut off when the ' toga virilis ' was put on. This cere- 
 mony was observed by certain masters with their favorite slaves." 
 In each of the cases here supposed, the house is immediately full of 
 sacrificial cakes provided by the master. These cakes are offered by 
 the slaves to the clients, in expectation of a douceur. 
 
 187 sq. Accipe — habe : Take the cake (says Umbricius), and keep 
 it as something to stir your bile, that praestare cogimur, etc. 
 
 189. Cultis, foppish, dandified ; or pampered. 
 
 190. Praeneste. Feminine, as in Verg. Aen. viii. 561. It is gen- 
 erally neuter. " Declined like caepe, gausape, Reate, Arelate, 
 JBibracte." 
 
SATIRE III. 153 
 
 194. Sic. I. e. for it is in this way that. It is " by such crazy props 
 and shores " that. 
 
 Labentibus. Sc. aedificiis, implied in urbem. Others, " the falling 
 inmates." 
 
 195. Vilicus as insulariiis, an agent or steward who lets lodgings 
 in town. Mayor after K. F. Hermann. 
 
 196. Securos, sc. nos. 
 
 198. Poscit aquam. Tantamount to cries fire ! Cf. Quintil. Decl. 
 xii. 6 : ut " arma " bello, ut " aqua " incendio inclamari publice solent. 
 
 199. Ucalegon. I. e. your neighbor. An allusion to Verg. Aen. ii. 
 311 : proximus ardet Ucalegon. " Here, a richer tenant who rents a 
 lower story of the high lodging-house (insula), the third story of 
 which, immediately below the tiling, is let to the poor client, who 
 sleeps through all the confusion." 
 
 Tibi. Ethical dative. Or more strongly, dative of disadvantage. 
 
 203. Procula was the name of a dwarf well-known at Bom«. 
 Some commentators think that in this passage it is only an expression 
 for " his short wife." 
 
 Minor, too short for. 
 
 204. The abacus was a slab, sometimes of silver or gold, but some- 
 times as here of marble (see verse 205), used as a sideboard on which 
 plate was exhibited. 
 
 205. Chiron. A figure of Chiron the centaur, who was renowned 
 as a musician. 
 
 206. Jam vetus, old by this time. 
 
 207. Opici is here used in the sense of " ignorant," barbarian. 
 "Goths of mice." " Cat. ap. Plin. xxix. 7 (1) : nos quoque dictitant 
 [Graeci] barbaros, et spurcius nos quam alios opicos appellatione 
 foedant." " The Opicans were the same as the Oscans, and perhaps 
 as the Ausonians, whose settlements were in Campania, and whose 
 language was widely spread and survived the nation." 
 
 210. Cumulus. Fr. comble. His " sorrow's crown of sorrow." 
 
 212. Asturicus. A name representing some nobleman of a conquer- 
 ing family, coined from the Astures, a people in Spain, after the 
 analogy G f Creticus, Numidicus, Macedonicus. So Persicus (221). 
 
 Cecidit. I. e. burns to the ground. — Horrida mater. The matrons 
 go with dishevelled hair, in sign of mourning. 
 
 213. Differt vadimonia. Adjourns his court. Literally, " puts off 
 the vadimonia, which was the word for the engagement entered into 
 by a defendant to appear on a given day. Cf. Horat. Sat. i. 9, 36." 
 In modern legal phrase, " enlarges the defendant's recognizances." 
 
154 NOTES. 
 
 214. Gemimus. Some MSS., including P., read geminus, which is 
 a manifest error, although adopted by Heinrich and Weidner. 
 
 215. Ardet. Impersonal ; or supply domus. 
 
 Qui donet, qui conferat. Relative pronoun with the subj unctive, 
 denoting purpose. 
 
 217. Euphranor was a very distinguished statuary and painter, 
 born at Corinth, but pursuing his calling at Athens, in the times of 
 Philip and Alexander of Macedon. — The elder Polycleitus is prob- 
 ably the one here meant. He was a contemporary of Pericles, and 
 an artist of the very highest rank ; a statuary in bronze, a sculptor 
 in marble, an architect, and an artist in toreutic. He is classed by 
 Socrates (Xen. Mem. 14, 3) with Homer, Sophocles, and Zeuxis. 
 
 218. Phaecasiatorum — deorum, antique ornaments of white-shoed 
 gods. The right reading of this verse can hardly be asserted with 
 confidence. Most of the MSS. have phaecasianorum or fecasianorum ; 
 P., S., followed by Hermann, Ribbeck, Macleane, Weidner, haee 
 Asianorum; Jahn takes the liberty to alter the gender of the pro- 
 noun, and reads hie Asianorum. I follow Mayor in adopting Roth's 
 conjecture based on the prevailing MS. reading. Professor H. A. J. 
 Munro gives Mayor a note, opposing Jahn's hie Asianorum, in which 
 he says, " I cannot help suspecting that phaecasia in some form or 
 other should come in, as this word is not uncommon in Latin to ex- 
 press apparently some luxurious kind of shoe." 
 
 219. Forulos mediamque Minervam, book-cases, and, among the 
 books, a statue of Minerva. Macleane wrongly translates " and a 
 bust of Minerva; " as K. Fr. Hermann has shown, medius is used as 
 equivalent to dimidius " only in the Scrip, r. r. and hist. Aug. Cas. 
 ad Jul. Capitol, p. 109." 
 
 220. Reponit. He replaces his losses with etc. 
 
 221. Persious is the occupant of the " house of Asturicus " (verse 
 212), which may have been so called from a former owner. 
 
 Orborum lautissimus, the most sumptuous of childless men. It 
 was because he was orbus, that the captatores paid him court. 
 
 223. The Ludi Circenses or Magni were celebrated annually, and 
 consisted of horse-, chariot-, and foot-races, sham fights (both land 
 and water), wrestling, boxing, and fighting with beasts, as well as 
 feats of horsemanship. Macleane. 
 
 223-4. Three small towns in Latium are here named. 
 
 226. Hie. I. e. in the country. (In the places / am speaking 
 about.) 
 
 227. Tenuis. Accusative plural. 
 
8ATIRE III. 155 
 
 229. The Pythagoreans were forbidden animal food. 
 
 231. A humorous extenuation of the pleasures of ownership, es- 
 pecially of owning landed property. Many words have b^en wasted 
 on the interpretation of this verse, by commentators from the scholiast 
 down. It means just what it says; but the being master of a lizard 
 involves being master of the ground it makes its home. 
 
 232. Plurimus, many a one.— Hie in this verse is of course in Rome. 
 — Vigilando. The o is short. There are two examples in Seneca, 
 which, with this, are the earliest instances of short o in the ablative. 
 Juvenal has also octd, ergd, and often 6 in the present indicative of 
 verbs. 
 
 233. Inperfectus. I. e. undigested. 
 
 234. Meritoria, hired lodgings. 
 
 236. Redarum. Either private carriages or stage-coaches. As a 
 rule, carriages were not allowed to be used in the streets of Rome in 
 the daytime, and travellers were obliged to set out from, arrive at, or 
 pass through the city in the night. Cf. Friedland Sittengesch, i. 
 45 sq. 
 
 237. Convicia (con and vec, a form of voo the root of vox; San- 
 scrit vak), "any confused din;" here including " both the drovers' 
 abuse and the lowing of the herds." 
 
 Mandra is a cattle-pen, or sheep-fold, here used by metonymy for 
 the animals themselves; the standing cattle =the horses, mules, or 
 other animals stopped in the street. Hermann thinks that flocks of 
 sheep are meant, disturbing slumber by their bleating. 
 
 238. The Emperor Tiberius Claudius Drusus was notorious for his 
 addiction to sleep. Pliny says of seals nullum animal graviore 
 somno premitur. 
 
 239. Officium is here used for the man's attendance on the great 
 or rich. Macleane. 
 
 240. Ingenti Liburno, borne by huge Libumians. Literally, 
 " Liburnian ;" Hermann compares Ovid. Fast. iii. 29: principis 
 Corpora ; and Heroid. xvi. 366 : innumerus miles. For the ablative, 
 see note on Sat. i. 13. Macleane takes it as dative of reference, after 
 super ora. Our reading is that of Pw, followed by Hermann, Rib- 
 beck, Macleane, and H. A. J. Munro (note in Mayor's edition). 
 Jahn, Weidner, Mayor, read libuma after S twhere the reading is 
 corrupt and doubtful) and h; understanding the word of a large 
 litter (octophoron) borne by Liburnian slaves, and humorously called 
 lihuma or " swift-sailer," as we might say "clipper." 
 
 242. The fenestra is simply the opening in the curtains. 
 
156 NOTES. 
 
 243. Ante. I. e. " before poor people who are bent on the same 
 
 errand." 
 Tamen, yet ; nevertheless. (Although he takes things so easily.) 
 244 sq. The throngs of people before and behind hinder our 
 
 passage. On unda cf. Verg. Georg. ii. 461-2 : 
 
 Si non ingentem foribus domus alta superbis 
 Mane salutantum totis vomit aedibus undam. 
 
 248. Clavus, hob-nail. "The common soldiers and inferior officers 
 wore heavy shoes, caligae, studded with hob-nails." Cf. Sat. xvi. 24. 
 
 249. Quanto celebretur sportula funio. With what clouds of 
 smoke they crowd around the sportula. The dole appears to have 
 been sometimes taken away in the afternoon, although the clients' 
 salutation to the great man was paid in the morning. So Hermann 
 and most commentators. Weidner follows Buttmann (in Seebodes 
 Biblioth. 1821, 1, 396) in supposing that a cena collaticia or " pieniq," 
 Selnvov and omipifos, is here referred to. The smoke, with either expla- 
 nation, comes from the charcoal in thefoculi gestabiles or culinae. 
 
 250. Convivae. Ironical. " They ought to be the great man's 
 guests, and he puts them off with a mess of meat." 
 
 Culina. A kind of brazier or portable kitchen which kept things 
 carried in it warm. 
 
 251. Cn. Domitius Corbulo, a Roman general, is described by 
 Tacitus {Ann. xiii. 8) as corpore ingens. His name may have become 
 a synonyme for any strong man. 
 
 254. Sartae modo, that have just been patched. 
 
 255. Quintilian (viii. 3, 21) calls serracum a "sordidum nomen" 
 for plaustrum. 
 
 257. Saxa Ligustica. Marbles from the quarries of Luna (near 
 the modern Carrara) and Pisa, much used in Rome both for sculp- 
 ture and building. 
 
 261. More animae, like his breath. Some translate " like his soul " 
 or " like his life." 
 
 Domus, his household. 
 
 Secura. (Notice, in the Lexicons, the exact meaning of this word.) 
 
 262. (Find, by scanning the verse, whether bucca is nominative 
 or ablative.) 
 
 Sonat, clatters, rings. 
 
 263. StriglibviB = strigilibus. Many forms thus shortened passed 
 into the Romance languages, e. g. frigdus, froid ; caldus, chaud ; 
 anglus, angle. Translate, flesh-scrapers. They were curved instru- 
 ments of metal, bone, or wood, used for removing oil and perspiration 
 
SATIRE III. 157 
 
 from the body after bathing. Gutus (or guttus), ail-flask, was a 
 flask with a long thin neck, often made of horn, used here for drop* 
 j)inir oil over the body. The lintea are towels. The servants are 
 making these preparations for their master, as it was the custom to 
 bathe before taking the MMK 
 
 264. Pueros, the slaves. Ille is, of course, the master. 
 
 265. Kipa. I. e. of the Styx. 
 
 266. Porthmea. I. e. Charon; "portitor" in Virgil. 
 
 Alnum. I. e. Charon's bo at. That these fables were not generally 
 believed in, appears from Sat. ii. 149 sqq. : 
 
 Esse aliquos manes et subterranea regna, 
 Cocytum et Sty^io raiias in guiglta ni, r ras, 
 Atque una tran.sire vaduni tot niilia rumba, 
 Nee pueri credunt, nisi qui nouduin acre lavantur. 
 
 (The words nondum a err lavantur refer to the fact that children 
 ■■ider four years of age were admitted to the public baths gratui- 
 tously.) Cf. Cic. Tune. Disp. i. 5, 6. 
 
 267. Trientem. A copper coin, the third of an as, used here to 
 represent the obol, which was placed in the mouths of the dead among 
 the Greeks as Charon's fare. 
 
 269. Quod spatium tectis sublimibus, what a distance (here is 
 fr vi the lofty roofs to the street. Augustus limited the height of 
 (MNnea to seventy feet; Trajan afterwards to sixty. 
 
 269-271. The interrogative adjective pronoun, quod, and the inter- 
 rogative adverb quotiens and adj. quaiito, depend upon respice. 
 
 270. Testa, a tile. 
 
 Fenestra, French fenUre, German Femter. 
 
 272. Silicem. I. e. the pavement. 
 
 273. Notice the spondee in the fifth foot in conjunction with the 
 monosyllabic ending of the verse. 
 
 274 sq. Adeo, etc., so true is it : or, so surely is it the case that as 
 many fatal chances await you as there are wakeful windows open on 
 that DJght, etc " Wakeful windows" are, of course, the windows of 
 chamber* whose occupant* are still awake. Tin- windows ("wind- 
 doors"; opened, like doors, on hinges; as so often now in Europe. 
 
 276, 277. Of the two wretched alternatives, you can only hope that 
 they will empty the foul contents of their basins upon you, rather 
 than endanger your life by dropping the vessels themselves upon 
 your head. 
 
 279. Dat poenas, suffers tortures. There is something very humor- 
 O 
 
158 NOTES. 
 
 ous, as Lewis says, in this comparison between this insolent fellow, 
 who has not found any one t© pummel, and Achilles, who has lost his 
 friend Patroclus (Horn. II. xxiv. 9-11). "He longs to thump some 
 innocent passer-by, as Achilles longed to kill Hector." We can fancy 
 him complaining, like Mercury in the Amphitryon of Moliere (cited 
 by Lemaire) : 
 
 " Depuis plus d'une semaine 
 Je n'ai trouvS personne 5 qui rompre les os; 
 La vigueur de mon bras se perd dans le repos; 
 Et je chevche quelque dos 
 Pour me reruettre en haleine." 
 
 281 sq. Can he not sleep, then, without all this, you will ask. No ; 
 some men can sleep only after a broil. Eibbeck, Heinecke, and 
 Euperti regard line 281 as spurious. Gifford cites here Proverbs 
 iv. 15. — Ergo. The o, also in ix. 82 ; elsewhere in Juvenal, o. 
 
 282. Improbus, insolent, impudent, saucy, hot-headed. 
 
 282 sqq. The wanton Mohock, "flushed as he is with folly, youth, 
 and wine," confines his " prudent insults " to the poor. (So Johnson's 
 paraphrase.) 
 
 283. The scarlet laena, thick and warm, which was worn by the 
 rich, was dyed with the " coccum " or cochineal. 
 
 285. Aenea. Of Corinthian bronze and costly workmanship. 
 
 287. Candelae were cheap candles or torches of rope dipped in 
 wax, tallow, or pitch. Sometimes the wick was of rush.— Dispenso 
 et tempero. I. e. I husband and check from burning too fast. ( Mayor.) 
 
 288. Cognosce, hear me tell. 
 
 292. Aceto, sour wine ; or vinegar mixed with water (posca), which 
 was a usual drink of the soldiers and common people. 
 
 293. " Porrum, leek, was either sectile or capitatum. When 
 intended to be sectile it was sown thickly, and the blades were cut 
 (secabantur) as they shot up, like asparagus. The reveller abuses 
 his victim for his foul breath." 
 
 296. Tell me, where is your stand f (whether for begging or for 
 selling.) In what Jewish oratory am I to look for you f 
 
 Quaero. Present, where we should expect the future. This is 
 more striking than the inceptive present, which denotes the begin- 
 ning of an act, and even than the conative present, to which, how- 
 ever, it is allied. As Key says (Lat. Gram. 457), the present in 
 Latin is sometimes used when " the mind alone " is as yet employed 
 upon the action, "or the matter at best is only in preparation; as 
 ' uxorem ducit/ he is going to be married" 
 
SATIRE III. 159 
 
 298. Vadimonia faciunt. They bind you over to appear in court; 
 as though they were the aggrieved parties, they threaten thoy will 
 have the law on you. (Cf. v. 213.) " Les battus paient l'amende." 
 
 303. Derit. Ribbeck, Weidner, Mayor give this contracted form 
 for deerit. 
 
 304. " Shops and houses were barred at night, and the bar secured 
 by a chain." 
 
 Compago, fastening, " the fittings of the folding-doors." From com 
 and pango (root pag), to fasten, fix. 
 
 305. Grassator, a street-robber, footpad. 
 Agit rem, goes to work, plies his trade. 
 
 306 sqq. The Pontine marsh, and the Gallinarian wood (of pine 
 trees, on the coast of Campania, near Cumae : cf. Cic. ad Jam. ix. 23) 
 were well adapted for robbers. When they were effectively held by 
 soldiers, the robbers, beaten out of their accustomed haunts, flocked 
 to Rome " as a gentleman goes to his preserves to shoot." 
 
 "Les voleurs & l'instant s'empitrent de la ville : 
 Le bois le plus funeste et le moins frCquente 
 Est, au prix de Paris, un lieu de surete." 
 
 (Boileau's paraphrase, cited by Lemaire.) 
 
 309. The negative belongs with quafornace as well as qua incude. 
 The regular order would have been qua fornace, qua incude, non 
 conficiuntur graves catenae? 
 
 313. Sub tribunis. I. e. in the republic. 
 
 314. TJno carcere. The Mamertine prison. 
 
 315. Poteram. This is the imperfect of unfulfilled action ; I could, 
 but do not (on account of want of time). Cf. Key's Lat. Gram. 1257 ; 
 Gildersleeve, 246, R. 2; Madvig 348, 1. 
 
 317. Jandudum. So Jahn after P ; p, iam dudum. 
 
 319. Refici reddet. The prose construction would be reddet refi- 
 ciendum or ut reficiaris. 
 
 320. Ceres and Diana were both worshipped at Aqninum, a muni- 
 cipium (Cic. Phil. ii. 106) or colony (Plin. H. N. iii. 9) in Latium on 
 the via Latina, near the river Mel pis. No satisfactory explanation 
 has been given of the epithet Helvina here applied to Ceres. 
 
 321 seq. If your satires are not ashamed of me, I will put on my 
 hob-nailed shoes, and come for their help to your cool fields. — 
 Macleane is probably right in rejecting " the notion of the commen- 
 tators about Umbricius's going to Juvenal dressed like a soldier," 
 (the caligae being worn by soldiers,) " to do service in the ranks and 
 help him attack the follies of the age." 
 
SATIEE IV. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-36. Crispinus here again ! and I must often being him on the 
 stage, a monster with no virtue by which to ransom himself from 
 the vices which enslave him. What avails all his wealth and pomp ? 
 No wicked man is happy, least of all one so utterly impure. But 
 now of smaller matters. He bought a mullet of six pounds for as 
 many sestertia : not as a present, for some crafty end, but for him- 
 self. He, the Egyptian slave ! a fish that cost more than the man 
 that caught it, or than an estate in the provinces or Apulia. When 
 so costly a dainty was but a side-dish on the table of this upstart, 
 who used to cry stale fish from his native country, what must we not 
 look for in the emperor ? Begin, Calliope ! nay, keep your seat; you 
 need not stand up to sing ; tell a true tale, ye Muses chaste and 
 young; and since I call you so, give me your favor. 
 
 37-71. In Domitian's reign, the huge bulk of a rhombus, large as 
 the Byzantine, fell into a fisherman's net off Ancona. The captor, 
 making a merit of necessity, destines it for the chief pontiff, — for 
 the shores were full of informers, — and hurries with it to the Alban 
 villa. Here a crowd admiring stops him ; when it parts the doors fly 
 open ; the senate waits without. Brought to the great man, he begs 
 him accept the fish as one reserved for his times and eager for the 
 honor of being served up at his table. What flattery could be grosser ? 
 and yet Domitian's feathers rise. 72-129. But where find a dish 
 capacious enough to contain the fish ? This is a point for a council 
 of state to determine. A council is summoned. First comes Pegasus, 
 the city's bailiff — for what else then were prefects ? — an upright 
 judge, but much too merciful for the times he lived in. Pleasant old 
 Crispus next, whose heart was like his speech, a man of gentle 
 temper; an excellent companion for the world's master, if he might 
 speak his honest mind. But who dare so speak to such a tyrant, 
 when on every trivial sentence hung one's life ? Crispus was not the 
 man to swim against the stream, and risk his life for truth : and so 
 he lived in safety eighty years. Then comes Acilius, with his son, 
 who is one day to fall a victim to the tyrant's jealousy (for nobility 
 and great age have long been strangers), which he in vain endeavors 
 
 160 
 
SATIRE IV. 161 
 
 to lull by devoting himself to sports unworthy of his birth. Next, 
 and, though not marked out by noble birtli for Doinitian's hatred, 
 not less alarmed, comes Rubrius, guilty of a foul offence, but impu- 
 dent as the catamite who writes satires. Then come Montanus with 
 his belly huge, and the scented fop Crispinus reeking with perfumes ; 
 the informer Pompeius too, whose softest whisper was a dagger ; and 
 Fuscus, who dreamt of wars in his marble villa, and kept his vitals 
 for the Dacian vultures. Crafty Veiento then, and Catullus, whose 
 blindness preserved him not from lust — a conspicuous monster even 
 for our times, whose ready adulation might quality him to gain his 
 living as a beggar: none admires the fish so much as he, though 
 indeed he turns to the left to admire, while the creature lies on his 
 ri^ht; — in the same way he is wont to praise the fighters and the. 
 liftge tricks in the theatre. Veiento finds in the capture of the foreign ' 
 fish an omen of triumph over some foreign king ; and he can almost 
 tell the animal's country and its age. 130-149. " Well, now," says 
 the Sire, " what think ye ? is it to be cut ? " " Nay," says Montanus, 
 "far be such disgrace! Let's get a noble dish to put it in, Pro- 
 metheus too to make it ; haste, clay and wheel ! henceforth, O Caesar, 
 potters must attend your court." His motion, worthy of a palate 
 trained at Nero's table, was adopted ; no one has beat him in my 
 time in gastronomic lore. He 'd tell you at a taste where an oyster 
 came from, and declare at sight an echinus' native coast. The council 
 is dismissed, having been convoked in as headlong haste as thoaofa 
 some war had broken out. 150-154. And would that, engrossed with 
 such fooleries, Domitian had wanted time for the murder of Rome's 
 nobles, whom he slew with impunity until the rabble began to fear 
 him. — Mayok and Maclean e, in part. 
 
 1. Crispinus. See i. 27, note. 
 
 2. Ad partes (sustineudas), to piny his part. " I must often bring 
 him on the stage." . 
 
 4. Deliciae, "a rake" (Mayor) ; or, with more sarcasm, the pretty 
 darling; the jackanape. The reading here given is the best sup- 
 ported. 
 
 Viduas, unmarried women ; " women without husbands, whether 
 they had ever had one or not." 
 
 Tantum (only, alone) modifies viduas. 
 
 Spernatur. From the deponent spernor, a very rare form. Another 
 raiding is aspernatur. 
 
 6. The rich built private porticoes (i. e. covered walks or colon- 
 nades), under whose shelter they took drives in bad weather. 
 "Fatiget is a poetical word in this connection. Cf. Verg. Aen. i. 
 316." 
 
 11 — Juv. 02 
 
162 NOTES. 
 
 Vectetur. " Is carried about in his lectica or sella." 
 7. Supply vicinas foro with aedes. So Jahn and others. 
 9 sq. Incest was committed either with virgines sacratae or pro- 
 pinquae sanguine (Isidor. Orig. v. 26, 24, cited by Mayor). " Of 
 such incest (with a vestal virgin) Crispinus had been guilty, but was 
 screened from punishment by Domitiau. Unchaste Vestals were 
 carried out on a litter to the Colline gate, and there immured in a 
 chamber under ground, no sacrifices being offered." 
 
 12. Idem refers to the leviora facta. 
 
 Caderet sub judice morum = damnarettir a censore (S.). Cf. 
 Nagelsbach's Stilistik 127, 1. Domitian took upon himself the 
 censorship for life ; being the first of the emperors who assumed that 
 office. 
 
 13. (Lucius) Titius and (Gaius) Seius were the " John Doe and 
 Richard Roe " of the Roman law-books; German "Hinz und 
 Kunz." 
 
 14. Quid agas, etc. What are yon to do when you have to repre- 
 sent a character whose crimes beggar all description ? (Mayor.) The 
 indefinite second person. ( See the Grammars.) 
 
 15. Crimine, accusation, charge. 
 
 Sex milibus, for six thousand sesterces, or six sestertia ; about $230 
 in our gold. 
 
 16. The pounds in the mullet equalled the sestertia paid ; i. e. it 
 weighed six pounds. The mullet was esteemed in proportion to its 
 size. The ordinary weight was two, or at most four, pounds. 
 
 Sane, it is true. " Said ironically, as though in excuse." 
 
 18. Artificis, the crafty contriver ; the artful fellow. 
 
 19. Praecipuam in tabulis ceram, the chief place in the will. Cf. 
 Hor. Sat. ii. 5, 53. "A will was usually contained in three tablets 
 (prima, secunda, and ima cera or tabula), in the first two of which 
 were entered the names of the heredes, and in the third those of the 
 'substitute/ who took in the event of any heres being disqualified." 
 
 20. Est ratio ulterior, there is a motive which goes still further, — 
 a motive beyond that. He hopes to gain something through the 
 influence of the " magna arnica," as well as from herself. 
 
 21. Cluso (P, s) = clauso (w). 
 
 Specularibus. Windows of lapis specularis (mica or talc). Glass 
 too was known to the ancients ; " panes of glass having been found 
 at Herculaneum, Pompeii, Velleia." 
 
 Antro. ** Her closed up den " is her sella. 
 
 23. Apicius, called here in bitterly ironical comparison with Cris- 
 
SATIRE IV. 163 
 
 pinus " sordid and niggardly" " poor frugal man," was a notoriously 
 extravagant gourmand in the reigns of Augustus and Tiberius. 
 Hoc, pretio (25). 
 
 24. Crispinus had been a slave in Egypt (Sat. i. 26) ; hence patria. 
 Cheap clothing was sometimes made of the coarser kind of papyrus. 
 Plin. H. N. xiii. 22 (11) : ex ipso quidem papyro navigia texunt; et 
 e libro vela tegetesque nee non et vestem, etiam stragulam ac funes. 
 " In such coarse garments, tucked up as the manner of slaves was 
 (Hor. Sat. ii. 8, 10), Crispinus used to appear in former days." 
 Ruperti, citing Anacreon iv. 4 sq., understands papyro not of the 
 tunic, but of a cord, passing round the neck, by which the tunic was 
 held up when the wearer was succinctus. 
 
 25. Hoc pretio squamam, sc. emisti. This reading [Valla, Cm- 
 meras ad schol.) is adopted by Jahn and by most of the recent editors. 
 Pw read hoc pretio squamae, and so Lewis. Macleane, after a few 
 MSS., hoc pretium squamae. H. A. J. Munro, in a note furnished 
 Mayor, asks, "Is it certain that the MS. reading (23, 25) will not 
 do? hoc tu! . . . . hoc pretio squamae! i. e. hoc tufecisti ! hoc pretio 
 sqwimae emptae sunt!" — Notice the humorous exaggeration in 
 saying a fish scale for a fish. 
 
 26 sq. In the provinces you may buy an estate for the money, but 
 a still larger one in Apulia. (Land in Apulia brought a low price.) 
 Notice the use of sed in the sense of and moreover or yes, and. But 
 why do I say " the provinces" in general, when in Apulia, where 
 land is cheap, you could get a lordly domain for that sum ? Cf. Ov. 
 Met. viii. 283 : misit aprum, quanto maiores herbida tauros non habet 
 Epiros, sed habent Sicula arva minores. Mart. ix. 42, 3 : scelus est, 
 mihi crede, sed ingens. Plaut. Bud. 799: dae. duas clavas. la. 
 clavas? dae. set probas. So often mais in French. Cf. Moliere 
 L'Avare iii. 9 : vous etes un astre, mais un astre le plus bel astre qui 
 soit dans le pays des astres. 
 
 28. Putamus. Notice the indicative. There is no doubt implied 
 in the question, and no deliberation is needed for its answer. 
 
 29. Juvenal uses the archaic and dignified form induperator, for 
 imprrntor, with mock gravity. 
 
 30. De margine. As we say, from the side-dishes ; as opposed to 
 tin- caput poena*, or principal dish (at large dinners commonly a 
 wild boar), in the middle of the board. 
 
 31. Purpureas. Cf. Sat. i. 27. 
 
 Palati. " The palace which the successive emperors occupied was 
 on the Palatine hill." 
 
164 NOTES. 
 
 32. Princeps equitum, i. e. praefectas praetorio. Cf. Veil. ii. 127, 
 47 ; Suet. Galb. 14, Casaub. (Mayor.) 
 
 33. Municipes fracta de merce siluros, the sheat-fish of his town- 
 ship from his damaged wares. For fracta Ribbeck (after C. Barth ) 
 reads farcta, understanding it of cured-fish closely packed. Various 
 unnecessary emendations have been proposed. 
 
 34 sq. You need not rise, as you would for poetry and song ; I only 
 ask a plain narrative of facts. 
 
 37. Jam (by this time) limits semianimum (pronounced here 
 " semyanimum"). 
 
 Flavius. The full name of Domitian was Titus Flavius Domi- 
 tianus Caesar Augustus. He was the third Flavius. Though he 
 was the last emperor who had borne the gentilician name of Flavius 
 when this satire was written, all the Constantines were Flavii. 
 Macleane. 
 
 38. Calvo. Domitian was very sensitive about his baldness. Juve- 
 nal calls him a Nero, to intimate that he was as bad a man as that 
 tyrant. With still greater sarcasm Tertullian {De Pall. 4) calls him 
 Subnero. /i\ 
 
 39. Incidit. "Sinus" is the object of this verb as well as of 
 implevit : " incidit in sinus retis eosque implevit," fell into the meshy 
 folds and filled them. See Niigelsbach, 90, 3. 
 
 Adriaci spatium admirabile rhombi. This is like Crispi jucunda 
 senectus (81) ; mite Thaletis ingenium (xiii. 184). u The rhombus is 
 usually supposed to have been a turbot, but it is uncertain; it was a 
 flat fish." 
 
 40. Ancon, the modern Ancona, was founded by refugees from 
 Syracuse, which was a Dorian city. Here was a temple of Venus, 
 the tutelar deity of the place, built probably upon a height, whence 
 sustinet, holds up. 
 
 41. Haeserat (sc. sinubus), had been caught. 
 Illis, sc. rhombis. Ablative. 
 
 42. 43. " The turbots of the Black Sea were supposed to get fat 
 and big by hibernating." — Torrentis (S), rapid, streaming, is un- 
 questionably the true reading. So Madvig and the best editors. 
 The MSS. torpentis. 
 
 46. The office of pontifex maximus was always borne by the 
 emperors from Augustus downwards for about four centuries. Juve- 
 nal uses just this title here partly in scorn, and partly perhaps be- 
 cause the pontifical dinners were proverbial for luxury. 
 
 Proponere, to offer for sale. 
 
SATIRE IV. 165 
 
 48-52. Delatore. There were informers all along the coast, who 
 poked into the very weeds for something to tell about, and they 
 would soon call the poor fisherman to account, and would be ready 
 to swear they knew the fish by sight, and that it had got away from 
 the emperor's preserves, and must be sent back to its old master. 
 (Macleane.) 
 
 Agerent cum, would take the law of. 
 
 53. Palfurius and Armillatus were jurists and notorious informers. 
 
 55. Fisci, of the imperial treasury. 
 Donabitur, sc. piscis. 
 
 56. Ne pereat, lest it should be lost ; lest the captor should lose all 
 profit from it. — Letifero. In autumn the pestilential south wind 
 (auster) prevailed. 
 
 67. Quartanam sperantibus aegris. The patients hope that their 
 disease will assume a milder form as the cold weather comes on. Cic. 
 ad Fam. xvi. 11, 1: cum in quartanam con versa vis est morbi, .... 
 sperote, diligentia adhibita, etiam firmiorem fore. 
 
 58. Becentem, fresh, untainted. So kept by the cold. 
 
 59. Hie, " our man ; " the fisherman. 
 
 60. Lacu8. The plural either means "the broad bosom of^he 
 lake" — (the Alban lake lies directly under the site of Domitian's 
 villa) — or comprehends the lake of Nemi also, if not other lakes 
 now dry. See Orelli on Horat. Carm. iv. 1, 19. It should be re- 
 marked, however, that Pliny speaks of the Vallericcia (which had 
 been a lake in ancient times, and was again in the Middle Ages) as 
 dry in his day. 
 
 Diruta, etc. Alba was destroyed by Tullus Hostilius, but the 
 temples were spared. 
 
 61. Minorem. The lesser as compared with the great temple at 
 Rome. 
 
 63. Cessit, sc. turba miratrix. 
 
 64. Patres. Domitiau used to convene the senate at his Alban 
 house. 
 
 65. Atriden. A sarcastic assimilation of Domitian to Agamemnon, 
 — a model in the Roman poets of the dominus siiperbissimus, on 
 account of his sacrificing Iphigenia, and his arrogance towards 
 Achilles. 
 
 Picens. Ancon was in Picenum. 
 
 66. Majora, things too great for. 
 
 Genialis, etc., let this day be celebrated to your Genius. " The 
 genius is the divine element which is born with a man, and when he 
 
166 NOTES. 
 
 dies becomes a lar, if he is good ; if he is wicked, a larva, or a lemur. 
 Departed genii were called manes — ' good fellows ' — doubtless with 
 a view to propitiation." (Gildersleeve, on Pers. ii. 3.) See note on 
 Hor. Ep. ii. 2, 187. To give one's self to feasting and personal in- 
 dulgence was called genio indulgere or obsequi, genium curare or 
 placare, while the opposite was genium defraudare. 
 
 67. Stomachum laxare saginans, " ' to let your stomach out by 
 cramming it? ' give yourself a good blow-out.' " H. A. J. Munro, 
 who joins with Mayor in giving this text : " as saginam and saginas 
 are the best attested readings, saginans may be right." Jahn gives 
 (also from conjecture) saginae, with the sense " relieve your stomach 
 (by means of emetics) for a good meal." 
 
 69 sq. Quid apertius ? (what flattery could be more glaring?) et 
 tamen illi surgebant cristae. Raoul gives the sense thus : 
 
 " Quelle derision ! le despote credule 
 En concoit cependant un orgueil ridicule.'' 
 
 71. Domitian caused all letters to his procuratores to begin with 
 " Dominus et Deus noster sic fieri jubet." Dis aequa == deorum 
 potestati aequa. This comparison of some quality of one person 
 directly with another person or persons is a frequent usage. Cf. iii. 
 74. M. 280,2; Z. 767. 
 
 72. Mensura, i. e. the proper, corresponding size. On the omission 
 of such adjectives see Nagelsbach 76, 2. 
 
 74. Pallor, etc. The very friendship of the tyrant, wretched no 
 less than distinguished, is fraught with danger. 
 
 75. Liburno, sc. servo ; the servus admissionis. 
 
 76. Rapta = correpta. 
 
 77. Pegasus was a jurist of eminence in this and the preceding 
 reigns. 
 
 Attonitae. The city under the tyrant was mazed with horror, 
 stupefied, semianima (37). 
 
 Modo, lately; but just now. 
 
 Vilicus (villicus). Juvenal calls the praefectus urbi a steward or 
 bailiff, as though the city were the emperor's private estate and the 
 people his slaves. 
 
 78 sqq. Optimus .... sanctissimus {most conscientious), etc. 
 Referring still to Pegasus. 
 
 81. Crispi jucunda senectus, the cheerful (pleasant, jovial) old man 
 Crisp us. He was an orator famed for the pleasant, easy flow of his 
 eloquence. 
 
SATIRE IV. 167 
 
 82 sq. Mite ingenium, " a gentle nature." 
 
 84. Clade et peste. Applied to Domitian : abstract for concrete. 
 
 85. Si lioeret (ei>, if he had been allowed. The imperfect is used 
 in the Latin, because in affirmative narration we should have licebat 
 consilium adferre, the imperfect of a continued state or customary 
 action. 
 
 86. Violentius, more irritable, more touchy. 
 
 88. Pendebat, " hung suspended in the balance." 
 
 93. Armis, armor. 
 
 94. Ejusdem aevi, of the same age (as Crispus). Homo is often 
 omitted in the poets before such genitives of quality or description. 
 
 94 sq. Acilius .... juvene. M\ Acilius Glabrio, father and son, 
 both senators, the son also consul. Domitian caused him to be exe- 
 cuted on a charge of treason, after he had fought with lions (Afcrta 
 Dio Cass, lxvii. 14) at the Alban villa, and come off uninjured. 
 
 96. Domini, of the Sire ; strictly " of the lord." Domitian insisted 
 on receiving this title, which Augustus and Tiberius declined. The 
 early Christians refused to give it. See note on verse 71. 
 
 Olim est, has long been. This use of olim is characteristic of the 
 silver age. Cf. iii. 163. Cicero would say jamdudum, and the 
 Greeks naXau. 
 
 98. Fraterculus gigantis, a giant's little brother, means a man of 
 obscure birth. Such men were called popularly terrae filii (Tertul. 
 Apol. 10), and the giants were sons of Earth. 
 
 101. Artes patricias. " The various arts the patricians had re- 
 course to to save themselves. Glabrio's was that of degrading him- 
 self into a venator." 
 
 103. Such a trick as that of Brutus, who passed himself off for a 
 fool, might go down with Tarquinius Superbus, a king of the old 
 days when they wore beards, but was not likely to impose upon 
 modern tyrants. (Macleane.) 
 
 104. Melior vultu, more cheerful. Mart. iv. 1, 4 : semper et hoc 
 vultu vel meliore nite. 
 
 105. Rubrius Gallus, who is said to have corrupted Julia the 
 daughter of Titus, and to have feared that her uncle would punish 
 him for the crime. 
 
 106. Inprobrior, more impudent, more shameless in abusing others, 
 than a pathic who should turn satirist, in aliis sua vitia repre- 
 hendens. 
 
 107. And now the big, unwieldy belly of Montanus waddles into 
 the hall. This may be the Curtius Montanus mentioned by Tacitus, 
 but it is uncertain. 
 
168 NOTES. 
 
 108. Amomo. A perfume prepared from the leaves of a shrub, 
 supposed to be the cissus vitiginea, which grew in India, Armenia, 
 Media, and Pontus. To go perfumed in the morning was an ex- 
 travagance. 
 
 109. " A corpse was thoroughly smeared with ointment; burning 
 censers were carried in the funeral procession, and perfumes of all 
 sorts, and flowers, were thrown upon the funeral pile." 
 
 110. Pompeius. An unknown delator. 
 
 Saevior aperire. M. 419. The use of the infinitive after the adjec- 
 tive corresponds to its poetical use after the cognate verb saevio. 
 
 112. Cornelius Fuscus was employed by Vespasian in high com- 
 mands, and by Domitian as " praefectus " of the praetorian troops. 
 He was sent by him on an expedition against the Dacians, and was 
 killed, together with the greater part of his army, by that people. 
 Retirement and the degrading life of a Roman senator of that day 
 did not suit him, and he thought of battles even in his marble villa. 
 (Macleane.) 
 
 113. For the crafty Fabricius Veiento, see note on iii. 185. 
 Catullus Messalinus, blind (or nearly so) and cruel, was mortifer 
 
 as an informer. He lusted after a woman he had no eyes to see. 
 
 116. Dirusque a ponte satelles is generally interpreted as meaning 
 " he was brought from begging at the bridges, where beggars com- 
 monly stood, to be Domitian's savage servant." Emendations of the 
 text have been attempted, without satisfactory success. Lewis sug- 
 gests that a ponte satelles may mean " a satellite such as one might 
 pick up at one of the bridges," "a beggarly flatterer." 
 
 117. The Arician hill, on the Appian way, swarmed with beggars. 
 Aricia was about sixteen miles from Rome. 
 
 118. Devexae. As it goes down hill. . 
 
 119. Rhombum stupuit. M. 223, c; R. 1123 ; Z. 383 in fin.; A. & 
 G. 52, 1, a; G. 329, Rem. 1 ; H. 371, 3 ; A. & S. 232, (2) ; B. 716. 
 
 121. Cilicis. A gladiator of the time. Cf. Threx and Syrus, Hor. 
 Sat. ii. 6, 44. Cilician gladiators were common. 
 
 Ictus. His cuts and thrusts, i. e. his swordsmanship. (Lewis.) 
 
 122. Pegma, the stage-machine.' The "pegmata" were great 
 wooden structures, of two or more stories, which let up and down by 
 machinery, or parted or came together. Here, by some ingenious 
 contrivance, a boy is suddenly carried up to the awnings from the 
 pegma, for the amusement of the spectators, and the blind flatterer 
 pretends to admire a thing he cannot see. 
 
 123. Non cedit. Veiento will not be outdone by Messalinus. 
 
SATIRE IV. 169 
 
 * 
 
 127. Arriragus. No British prince of this name is recorded by any 
 writer. 
 
 128. Sudes, properly stakes, here fins. " The beast is foreign, and 
 behaves himself rebelliously ; lo, how he seems armed for resistance, 
 rebel-like! " (Holyday, cited by Mayor.) 
 
 129. Fabricio. Veiento (line 113). 
 
 130. Domitian, in all form, calls on his council of state for their 
 opinion. Cf. Liv. i. 32: "die," inquit ei, quem primum sententiam 
 rogabat, "quid censes?" 
 
 Conciditur, is it to be cut upf Is that in your minds? For the 
 tense, see note on iii. 296, quaero. Cf. Madvig Opusc. ii. 40 sq. The 
 emperor thinks there is no possibility that such a question should be 
 entertained. 
 
 132. Colligat, may contain. 
 Orbem, circumference (of the fish). 
 
 133. Prometheus. I. e. a potter. 
 
 135. Castra, "sc. doraestica." But Juvenal introduces the word 
 in sarcasm against the emperor, who was cowardly and unwarlike, 
 although vain of his military titles and pretended prowess. 
 
 136. Vicit, carried the day; prevailed. The proper technical 
 word. Cf. Liv. ii. 4 : cum in senatu vicisset sententia, quae censebat 
 reddenda bona. 
 
 137 sq. Noctes Neronis jam medias, Nero's revels prolonged even 
 till midnight. 
 
 Aliam famem. Either the second appetite which follows hard 
 drinking (as the scholiast has it), or that caused by the use of 
 emetics. 
 
 Fulmo. Lewis says that this word must be taken of " the inside " 
 generally. But Juvenal may use a popular mode of speech, although 
 famous physicians had pointed out the error of Alcaeus and Plato in 
 speaking of wine as passing into the lungs. 
 
 139. Usus, experience. 
 
 141. Saxum. I. e. rocky coast. 
 
 Eutupino. Rutupiae, the modern Richborough, was a haven of 
 the ( 'antii in the south of Britain. The ordinary route to England 
 was from Hononia (Boulogne) to Rutupiae. 
 
 142. Depraendere = deprendere (deprehendere). 
 
 143. Echini. The sea-urchin was esteemed by epicures as one of 
 the best of shell-fish. 
 
 145. Albanam in arcem = Albanam in villam. Cf. Tac. Agric. 45. 
 " For this place under the Alban mount, from which it received its 
 
 P 
 
170 NOTES. 
 
 name, he chose out as a kind of citadel (iicp6no\iv)." Dio Cassius 
 lxvii. 1. 
 
 146. Attonitos, awe-stricken. 
 
 149. Anxia pinna. Probably simply " on hurried wing ; " although 
 the scholiast and others assert that as a laurel was inserted in letters 
 of victory, so a feather in letters announcing ill-tidings ; or that the 
 messengers in the first instance bore a spear entwined with laurel, in 
 the second a feather on the spear-point or in their caps. 
 
 153 sq. " Domitian had murdered the noblest citizens with im- 
 punity, but when he began to practise upon the vulgar, they got rid 
 of him. He was murdered A. D. 96 by certain conspirators whom he 
 had resolved to put to death." 
 
 Cerdonibus, "by the Hobs and Dicks." Conington (in a note 
 furnished to Munro) says, " I should print Cerdo as a [plebeian] 
 proper name, answering to Lamiarum, and in viii. 182 to Volesos 
 Brutumque. From Jahn's note on Persius iv. 51, and addendum, I 
 have little doubt that it stands on the same footing as Dama, mean- 
 ing a slave, and Manius, meaning a beggar; a name used generically, 
 but not to be confounded with an ordinary substantive. It is like 
 the Hob and Dick of Shakspeare's Coriolanus." 
 
 Lamiarum. Domitian took away from the Aelius Lamia of his day 
 his wife, married her, and afterwards put Lamia to death. Horace 
 has two odes addressed to his friend Aelius Lamia of this family. 
 
SATIRE V 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-11. IF you are not yet ashamed, Trebius, of the life you have 
 chosen, submitting to Anything lor a dinner, 1 would not believe you 
 on your oath. The stomach wants but little; but suppose you have 
 not that little, why can't you beg? 11-23. For, first, when you 've 
 had your dinner, you 've got your full reward ; though it comes but 
 seldom, your patron, Virro, puts it down to your account. Once in 
 two months he has a vacant place at his table, and says, " Come and 
 dine:" the height of your ambition ! the reward for winch you are 
 fendy to break your rest, in order to anticipate your brother parasites 
 in the qfficitim salutandi at uncouth hours of the morning! 24-79. 
 And what kind of a dinner is it? The wine is such that wool refuses 
 it. If it gets into your head, Virro's freedmen are ready to pick a 
 quarrel with you for his amusement. The host, meanwhile, is drink- 
 pg the choicest, oldest wines. Virro's cups are jewelled, yours of 
 cracked glass ; or if a jewelled cup is set before you, a slave stands 
 by to guard the treasure. The master gets his water iced, not vou. 
 On you an ill-favored Moorish runner waits; on him a fair youth of 
 Ionia, who would scorn to obey your orders. You must gnaw a crust 
 of black, mouldy bread; if you venture to touch Virro's loaf, the 
 slaves are at hand to make you restore it. " Then 't was for this," 
 you mutter to yourself, " that I so often left my bed before dawn, 
 and braved cold and hail in my zeal to do honor to my lord ! " 
 80-106. See that great lobster, looking down scornfully upon the 
 lunula M it ifl borne along, — that goes to the master; you get a scanty 
 crab with half an egg. He oils his fish with fine Venafran, while 
 your poor cabbage stinks of the lantern. Before Virro the most 
 costly foreign fish are set; before you the poorest, fed upon the garb- 
 age of the sewers. 
 
 107-113. Hut now a word with the rich man himself. Nobody 
 asks of you the bounties which good rich men of old would send to 
 their poor friends. We only beg you '11 dine as a fellow-citizen with 
 his equals; then spend your money as you please. 
 
 114-124. See before the host is a fat goose's liver, and a fowl as big 
 as a goose, a wild boar, and truffles if 't is spring. (" Keep your 
 
 171 
 
172 NOTES. 
 
 grain, Libya," the glutton cries, " but send us truffles ! ") To make 
 one angry as can be, you see the carver nourishing his knife and 
 dancing till be goes through all his lesson. 'T is of the first impor- 
 tance with what gestures hares and fowls are carved ! 125-131. 
 You '11 be dragged by the heels, and put out of the door, if you 
 venture to open your mouth, as if you were a freeman. Do you sup- 
 pose the great man will ever drink to you ? Is any of you so bold as 
 to pass him the cup and say " Drink " ? There are many things a 
 man dare not say with holes in his coat. 132-145. But if the gods or 
 some good man gave you a fortune, what a friend you would soon 
 become of Virro's ! " Here, help Trebius ; put it before Trebius : 
 allow me, my dear brother, to help you from the loin." It is the 
 money that is " dear brother." But if, as a rich man, you want to be 
 the patron's lord and master, you must be childless. Now that you 
 are poor, however, your wife may have three children at a birth, and 
 yet Virro will not be estranged from you, but amused rather by the 
 prattle of the baby parasites. 
 
 146-155. Suspicious mushrooms are for the poor friends, boletus for 
 the master. Phaeaeian apples, stolen you 'd think from the Hesper- 
 ides, are for the host and favored guests; you eat such scabby fruit 
 as the monkey gnaws on the goat's back learning his drill. 
 
 156-173. Perhaps you think 'tis stinginess in Virro. No, he sets 
 himself deliberately at work to tantalize his guests. What fun so 
 great as a disappointed belly ? He wants to see you cry with rage 
 and gnash your teeth. You think yourself a freeman and the rich 
 man's guest : he thinks the smell of the kitchen draws you, and he's 
 right. What freeman is so poor that he would bear such treatment 
 twice ? You 're cheated with false hopes of a good dinner. You sit 
 in silent expectation, ready for the scraps that do not come. He 
 serves you right. If you can bear all sorts of treatment, you ought 
 to bear it. Some day you '11 come upon the stage to be flogged, you, 
 so worthy of such feasts and such a friend. — Macleane and Mayor, 
 in part. 
 
 1. Propositi, purpose ; purposed course of life. 
 
 2. Bona summa. More often summxim bonum. The plural is used 
 in humorous exaggeration. " You think that all the highest bless- 
 ings are summed up in this." 
 
 Aliena vivere quadra, i. e. " to live on the crumbs of another man's 
 table." Quadra is used of a fragment (a square morsel), as in Sen. 
 de Ben. iv. 29, 2 : quadram panis ; Mart. ix. 91, 18: secta plurima 
 quadra de placenta ; xii. 32, 18 : quadra casei ; Verg. Moret. 49. 
 " Some flat round loaves, scored into four or eight parts, have been 
 discovered at Herculaneum." Some take quadra for table. 
 
 3. Sarmentus. A parasite in the time of Augustus. 
 
 " &1&C A. 420j6<-A^Z- **+*-£4UL 
 
SATIRE V. 173 
 
 Iniquas, ill-sorted; where prince and parasite feast together. 
 (Mayor.) 
 
 4. Gabba. Another parasite, servile and wittol, though a wit. 
 
 5. Jurato, on oath. (See M. 110, obs. 3.) 
 
 6. Frugalius, " more easily satisfied." 
 
 8. Crepido, the steps of a public building, a raised foot-path, the 
 wall of a quay at the river-side, or other conspicuous position, fre- 
 quented, as were also the bridges, by beggars. 
 
 Vacat, sc. ad raendicandum. 
 
 Tegetis .... brevior, and apiece of matting (for a bed) too short 
 by half. 
 
 9. Tantine injuria cenae ? Do you prize so highly the insolence of 
 a dinner t Cenae is epexegetic genitive. 
 
 10 sq. Is your hunger so ravenous, when it might more honorably 
 at the street-side or on the bridge (illic) even stand shivering and 
 gnawing dirty bits of dog-biscuit? 
 
 12. Fige. Similar to pone, but stronger. 
 
 Jussus, invited, bidden. Cf. Verg. Aen. i. 708 : toris jussi discum- 
 bere pictis. 
 
 13. Mercedem solidam, payment in full. 
 
 14. Inputat, charges to your account, claims gratitude for. Cf. 
 Tac. Germ. 21. This use of the word is post- Augustan. 
 
 Bex. The vox propria for patronus. 
 
 17. " Of the three couches in a triclinium, the summus lay to the 
 left, and the imus to the right of the medius. The medius lectus was 
 the most honorable post, then the summus. It was not usual for 
 more than three to recline on each couch. Between the guests were 
 placed pillows (culcitae), on which they rested their left elbows." 
 
 19. Trebius. The parasite. 
 
 20. Dimittere, to leave unfastened. 
 
 21. Alarmed lest his rivals should already have gone the round of 
 their patrons. (Mayor.) 
 
 22. Dubiis, " fading from sight," in the early dawn. The other 
 time (illo tempore i is earlier, when the wagon of Bootes is seen 
 slowly wheeling around. 
 
 23. Frigida. Because Bootes is a northern constellation. 
 
 24. Sucida (succida) lana is wool lately cut but not yet cleaned. 
 Wool in this state was used, drenched with oil, or wine, or vinegar, 
 for healing applications. But this wine the very wool would reject. 
 (Maeleaue.) 
 
 25. Corybanta. I. e. frantic as the priests of Cybele. 
 
 P2 
 
174 NOTES. 
 
 Videbis. The subject is general ; but the tu of torques (26) refers 
 to Trebius. 
 27. Rubra. Bloody. 
 
 29. Saguntina commissa lagona, waged with Saguntine pitchers. 
 "The lagona (Xdywos) was an earthenware jug with a handle." 
 
 30. Ipse. The great man himself. 
 
 Diffusum {bottled), sc. vinum. "Diffusum is the word for trans- 
 ferring from the dolium, the large vessel in which the wine fermented, 
 to the amphora or cadus in which it was kept." 
 
 Capillato consule. Under some consul with long hair; an exag- 
 geration, as the Romans are said to have left off beards and long hair 
 300 years before Christ. 
 
 31. Bellis socialibus. The war waged by the Italian allies, with 
 the Marsi at their head (cf. Hor. Carm. iii. 14, 18), in order to secure 
 the enjoyment ot the civitas which had been promised them by Livius 
 
 32. Cardiaco. Plin. H. N. xxiii. 25, 1 : cardiacorum morbo unicam 
 spem in vino esse certum est. 
 
 Cyathum. A ladle, holding the twelfth of a pint, with which the 
 wine was drawn from the crater (tureen, punch-bowl), into the cups. 
 
 33 sq. " The Alban wine (famed for its excellence in modern times 
 also) was inferior only to the Falernian, in the opinion of Dionysius 
 of Halicarnassus (though ranked by Pliny as only third-rate). But 
 in the days of Juvenal, the Setine, a Campanian wine, had come to 
 be the favorite vintage." 
 
 34. Titulum, Vetiquette. The name of the consul in whose year 
 the wine was made, and also the name of the vineyard, were painted 
 on the amphorae or written on tickets. 
 
 35. Fuligine. When the natural process of ripening was to be 
 hastened by exposure to smoke, it was customary to place the wine in 
 bins erected in such a manner as to receive the hot air and smoke of 
 the bath-furnaces. 
 
 36 sq. P. Thrasea Paetus was put to death by Nero, and his son- 
 in-law, Helvidius Priscus, by Vespasian. They were stoics, and free 
 in thought and speech. " They are here represented as drinking to 
 their heroes' memory in the choicest wine, with crowns of flowers 
 upon their heads, which was from the earliest times the common 
 practice at dinner, especially on important occasions." 
 
 38. L. Miiller remarks that this is the only verse in Juvenal that 
 ends with three spondees. 
 
 38 sq. Heliadum crustas et inaequales berullo phialas, cups in- 
 
SATIRE V. 175 
 
 crusted with (lit. incrustations of) the tears of ihe Heliades (i. e. 
 with amber) and paterae ("saucers") all rough with the beryl. 
 " The crustae were exquisitely wrought in relief, and fastened upon 
 the surface of the vessels they were intended to adorn." 
 
 41. Ungues observet acutos. To watch your sharp nails, lest you 
 should pluck any of the gems away. 
 
 42. Excuse him ; there is a splendid jasper on that cup which is 
 much admired. Some commentators give these words to the servant : 
 " Excuse me ; but that cup has a fine stone on it." 
 
 44. Quas. I. e. such as. 
 
 45. Juvenis. Aeneas. Cf. Verg. Aen. iv. 261. 
 Iarbae. Cf. Verg. Aen. iv. 36, 19l£ 
 
 46. The cobbler of Benrventum is Vatinius, one of the vilest crea- 
 tures of Nero's court, who rose to wealth and power first as a buffoon, 
 and then as an unscrupulous accuser. His name was given to a 
 drinking-cup with "nozzles" {nasibus) or spouts, — perhaps from 
 the length of his nose. 
 
 47. Nasorum quattuor. Genitive of quality. 
 
 48. Rupto .... vitro, and calling for sulphur (i. e. brimstone 
 cement) for the broken glass. Others, in exchange for the broken 
 glass. 
 
 50. Decocta. Boiled water cooled down with snow. Nero is said 
 to have introduced the custom. 
 
 52. Aliam. A different water: i. e. neither boiled nor iced. 
 
 62, 56. The poorer guests are served by a Moorish out-runner, the 
 patron by an Ionian page. 
 
 54. It was a bad omen to meet anything black in the night. 
 
 55. Cf. i. 171, note. 57. Take pugnacis with Tulli. 
 
 59 sq. The Moor is your " Ganymede," — a name often given to 
 minions, such as this flos Asiae. 
 
 61. Miscere. To mix the wine and water. 
 Puer. Virro's page, " flos Asiae." 
 
 Sed — sed = at — at. 
 
 62. Digna supercilio. Justify his disdain. 
 
 63. "The quests at Roman feasts wen: served with either hot or 
 cold water, as they preferred. A favorite drink was warm water 
 mixed with wine and spiped." 
 
 64. Quippe. You must know. (Mayor.) 
 
 65. Quod with the subjunctive gives the reason in the mind of the 
 slave spoken of, who is the agent in the main proposition (indig- 
 natur, etc.). 
 
176 NOTES. 
 
 67. Murmure, grumbling. 
 
 68. Vix fractum (sc. mola). (Made of meal) hardly ground. A 
 very coarse bread, with the grains almost entire. Otherwise under- 
 stood of "bread too bard to be cut, which has with difficulty been 
 broken into rough lumps." 
 
 Jam mucida. Mouldy by this time. 
 
 69. Quae agitent. Quae = talia ut. Anthon makes tbe subjunc- 
 tive bere one of purpose : " intended to." 
 
 72. Artoptae, of the bread-mould (distinguishing the master's fine 
 bread from yours). 
 
 73. Inprobulum, a trifle audacious. 
 
 Superest illic, there is one standing over you there. 
 
 74. Vis tu, will you ? exactly in our sense, " will you keep quiet ? " 
 (Lewis.) Voulez-vous bien. Perhaps we more often say, will you 
 nott It is a formula of bidding or exhortation. (Gronovius on Sen. 
 de Ira iii. 38 ; Bentley on Hor. Sat. ii. 6, 92.) 
 
 75. Impleri, Jill yourself. Middle. 
 
 76 sqq. It was for 'this, it seems (scilicet), mutters Trebius to him- 
 self, that I so often left my bed before dawn, and braved cold and 
 hail, in my zeal to pay my respects to my patron. 
 
 Fuerat. " This end I had proposed to myself." Cf. Ramshorn, 
 p. 602. 
 
 77 sq. Per — Esquilias. Hendiadys. " Up the hill which had to 
 be faced, the cold Esquiline." Under the empire, this hill had be- 
 come a fashionable place of residence. 
 
 79. The paenula was a heavy, sleeveless cloak. 
 
 80-90. First course. A fine lobster with asparagus for the patron ; 
 a little crab with half an egg for the client. 
 
 80. Distinguat, adorns, sets off, marks. Some editors read dis- 
 tendat, after inferior manuscripts. 
 
 81. Squilla. Here a lobster or a sea-crab; sometimes prawn or 
 shrimp. 
 
 82. Asparagus is generally used in the plural : heads or stalks of 
 asparagus, or young shoots of similar plants. 
 
 84. Dimidio constrictus ovo, garnished (lit. hemmed in) with half 
 an egg. Some suppose the egg sliced ; others the fish covered with 
 a thin batter. 
 
 Cammarus. A common crab or crayfish. 
 
 85. Feralis cena, a funereal supper. At the feriae novemdiales 
 or novemdialia a very simple meal was laid on the grave nine days 
 after burial. 
 
SATIRE V. 
 
 177 
 
 86. Venafrano, sc. oleo. The best oil in Italy. 
 
 87. Pallidas, withered, sickly. 
 
 88. Olebit lanternam. M. 223, c, obs. 2 ; It. 1123 ; Z. 383 (second 
 paragraph) ; A. & G. 52, 1, c; G. 329, Rem. 1 in fin.; H. 371, 3, (2) ; 
 A. AS. 232, (2); B. 716. 
 
 Illud, sc. oleum. 
 
 Alveolis, small dishes, saucer-shaped. Lewis translates " sauce- 
 boats," wrongly. 
 
 89. Canna, a canoe of cane. " Probus exponit, cannam navem 
 esse quae gandeia (ganleia Jae. Gronovius) dicatur." 
 
 Micipsarum, of the Jlicipsas, although only one Micipsa is known ; 
 i. e., of the Numidians. Generic plural. 
 
 Subvexit, has brought up (the Tiber to Rome). (Mayor.) 
 
 90. 91. Numidian or African oil was so fetid that the natives 
 besmeared with it had nothing to fear from snakes, who got out of 
 the way to avoid the smell, and no Roman would bathe with them. 
 
 Boccare (or Bocchare). Poetic individualization for any African. 
 
 91. This line is omitted in some of the best MSS. 
 
 92-106. Second course. A costly barbel and a lamprey for the 
 patron ; for the client an eel or a pike from the Tiber fattened in the 
 sewers. 
 
 93. Rupes. Sen. N. Q. iii. 18, 4: audiebamus nihil esse melius 
 saxatili mullo. 
 
 Peractum, gone through, " ransacked." 
 
 96. Proxima. Sc. maria ac flumina. 
 
 98. Laenas, a legacy-hunter. Aurelia, the rich lady fished after, 
 sells as much of her presents as she does not want. — "Observe the 
 chiasmus in this line." Laenas is circumflexed on the last syllable. 
 Prise, v. 22. 
 
 101. Careers. An allusion to Verg. Aen. i. 51. 
 
 102. Contemnunt, brave. 
 
 104. Tiberinus. Sc. lupus (pike). Cf. Horat. Sat. ii. 2, 31. 
 
 Et ipse. It too (as well as the eel). 
 
 106. Cryptam, drain, sewer. " The Subura lay in the hollow 
 formed by the junction of three valleys : (i) that between the Quirinal 
 and Viminal; (ii) that between the Viminal and Esquiline; (iii) that 
 which separates the northerly portion of the Esquiline from the chief 
 mass of the hill. The cloaca under the Subura [connected with the 
 Cloaca Maxima, and] was directly accessible from the Tiber." " To 
 penetrate so far, the fish must swim nearly a mile, through all the 
 filth of the town." 
 12 — Juv. 
 
178 NOTES. 
 
 107. Ipsi. The host, ut passim. Pauca, sc. dicere. 
 
 108. Modicis, humble, poor. 
 
 109. The younger Seneca, Nero's teacher, and C. Piso, a conspirator 
 against Nero, were noted for their wealth and liberality. 
 
 Bonus, liberal, munificent. 
 
 Cotta. Perhaps Aurelius Cotta, who lived in Nero's time. 
 
 112. Civiliter, like a fellow-citizen, acknowledging that your guests 
 have rights as well as yourself. Hence civilly, with civility; or 
 socially. 
 
 113. Dives tibi, pauper amicis. Selfishly using your wealth only 
 for your own enjoyment. 
 
 114-124. Third course. " Foie gras," a fat capon, and a wild boar 
 for tbe patron, followed by truffles. Tbe client looks on. 
 
 117. It was thought that frequent thunder-storms produced truffles. 
 
 118. Alledius. Any epicure. 
 
 119. Dum = dummodo. M. 351, b, obs. 2 ; A. & G. 61, 3, note; G. 
 575. 
 
 120. The structor arranged the dishes on the tray in which they 
 were served up. (Verg. Aen. i. 704 : penum struere.) Another part 
 of his duty was to carve the dishes, which he did with artistic 
 flourishes. 
 
 121. Chironomunta, the Greek participle in Roman letters 
 (xtipovonovvra), gesticulating, flourishing his knife about. 
 
 122. Dictata, the lessons. There were regular professors of the 
 art of carving. 
 
 127. Hiscere, to open your mouth. 
 
 Nomina. " Most freeborn Romans had a praenomen, as Publius, 
 which denoted the individual ; a nomen, as Cornelius, which denoted 
 his gens ; and a cognomen, as Scipio, which denoted his familia or 
 stirps. To these was sometimes added an honorary name, called 
 agnomen, as Africanus. Freedmen also assumed the praenomen 
 and nomen of their liberator, generally before their own name." 
 
 128. In drinking healths, it was a complimentary way to first take 
 a draught, saying " bene te " or " bene tibi," and then pass the cup 
 to the person saluted, with the word '* bibe! " 
 
 129. Usque adeo, to such an extreme ; so utterly. 
 
 130. Perditus, (so) reckless. — Eegi, the patron. 
 
 131. Pertusa. With holes in it. 
 
 132. Quadringenta, sc. milia sestertium. The census equester. 
 See iii. 154, note. 
 
 133. Homuncio. " In amusing contrast to deus. Some good little 
 man, like to the gods, and kinder than the fates." 
 
SATIRE V. 179 
 
 135. Pone ad. Set (the dish) before. Cf. ad pedes, ad wumum ; 
 and oo potw Aen. i. 706 : pocula ponunt. 
 
 Frater. Ilorat. Epp. i. 6, 54: frater, pater, adde; ut cuique est 
 aetas, ita quemque facetus adopta. 
 
 136. Ilia, = lumbus. " Would n't you like a nice slice off the loin 
 (of the boar)?" 
 
 137 sq. If, as a rich man, you would be your patron's lord and 
 master, you must be childless, that he may court you for a legacy. 
 
 141. Nunc, a* it is ; now (that you are poor). 
 
 Mygale. Your wife. 
 
 143. Viridem thoraca, a green doublet. Green was a favorite color 
 for the dress of children and women. 
 
 146-155. T l >-c rtsert. The finest mushrooms and fragrant apples for 
 the patron anc 1 tue other grandees, doubtful funguses for the client, 
 and scabby apples, such as monkeys munch. 
 
 147. Set (sed) quales, aye, and such as. Sei note on iv. 26 sq. 
 The emj>eror Claudius was very fond of mushrooms. His wife 
 Agrippina poisoned him with one A. D. 54. 
 
 151. Homer (Odys. vii.) represents the gardens of Alcinous, king 
 of the Phaeacians, as filled with perpetual fruits. 
 
 152. Sororibus Afris. The Hesperides. 
 
 153. In aggere. On the rampart of Servius Tullius. 
 
 154 sq. A monkey is here represented, dressed up in regimentals 
 and sitting on a goat, munching an apple in the intervals of throwing 
 a dart for the amusement of spectators [and perhaps his master's 
 gain]. So at last Mayor. Ab capella in the sense of from the back 
 of a goat is just fied by ab equo in Propert. iii. 11, 13, and Ovid. a. 
 a. i. 210. 
 
 157. Hoc agit, this is his aim ; he is bent upon this. Cf. v. 157 ; 
 vii. 20, 48. 
 
 159. Si nescis. " Elegans formula pro ut hoc scias, ne hoc ignores." 
 
 163-5 Who that wore in his boyhood the golden bulla, or even the 
 leathern bulla of the freedman's son, would so degrade himself as 
 twice to submit to the insults of such a host? (Mayor j The bulla, 
 worn by children born free and rich, was hollow, and of two parts, 
 globular or heart-shaped. It was suspended from the neck, and 
 rested on the breast. The practice was of Etruscan origin. A leather 
 strap with a knot at the end of it answered the same purpose with 
 the poor. — Signum, i. e. signuin libertatis. 
 
 166. Jam, prrsently. 
 
 168. Minor, too small for my lord. (Mayor.) Others take it as 
 equivalent to tern 
 
180 NOTES. 
 
 168 sq. Inde — tacetis. Thence it is that (or, in hope of this) you 
 all sit in silent expectation, with the bread you have extorted from 
 the slaves uneaten and grasped in your hands like a drawn sword 
 ready for action. 
 
 171. The morio or stupidus was a standing character in comedy 
 and mime. He is introduced with shaven crown, and cuffed and 
 knocked about. Parasites sometimes suffered similar treatment at 
 feasts. Cf. Ter. Eun. 243 sq. : at ego infelix neque ridiculus esse 
 neque plagas pati possum. Plaut. Capt. 86 sq., 469. 
 
SATIRE VII. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-16. The hope and motive of our studies is in Caesar only. He 
 only cares for the Muses in these times when poets leave the vales of 
 Helicon and live by baths, by baking, or by auctioneering. For if 
 Pierian woods won't give you bread, you must e'en ply the crier's 
 trade. And this is better than to rise to wealth by the base art of 
 lying in the courts, though Asiatic and Cappadocian and Bithyniau 
 knights may do it. 17-35. Henceforth, however, no poet snail be 
 degraded to do dirty work. Up and bestir yourselves ! the prince is 
 seeking whom he may reward. If you are looking for encourage- 
 ment from any other quarter, burn your poems or leave them to the 
 worms; go break your pens and wipe out all your lines; the rich 
 men but admire and praise, as children do a j>eacock. But the useful 
 years of life are passing, and when old age comes on, weary and poor 
 th'jugh eloquent, it hates itself and its own Muse. 36-52. But hear 
 their arts. To avoid giving poets their due, the rich man will be a 
 brother poet (equal to Homer save in years), and free of the guild ; 
 at most, he will (which he can do without expense) lend a dusty 
 room for recitation and freedmen to applaud ; but he '11 not give as 
 much as the benches cost to hire. Still the poetic frenzy is not cured 
 by all this neglect. 
 
 53-97. But a rare bard, none of your common sort, is made so by 
 a mi ml free from care and free from all bitterness, loving the woods 
 and Muses' springs. 'T is not for poverty to sing. Horace was full 
 when he cried Euhoe! What room for genius if other cares than for 
 his verse disturb the poet's breast? If Virgil had not had a servant 
 and a tolerable house, the snakes had dropped from his Fury's head, 
 ht'r trumpet had been dumb. We expect forsooth that our poor 
 playwright should rise to the old cothurnus, who to produce his play 
 must pawn his dishes and his cloak. Numitor, poor man, has nothing 
 for his friend, but plenty for his mistress and his lion — of course the 
 brute eats less than a poet. Lucan may lie in his fine gardens eon 
 tent with his great fame, but what is fame to poor Seiranus and 
 Saleius, suppose they get it? Statius delights the town who crowd 
 to hear him ; but after all he starves if Paris does not buy his play. 
 
 Q 181 
 
182 NOTES. 
 
 Paris procures honors for the poet, a player what the great should 
 do. Yet will you pay your court to those noble people ? Praefeets 
 and tribunes come of plays ; but you 'd not envy him who gets his 
 living by the stage. Where will you find me now any of those 
 Maecenases of old, in whose days many found it worth their while 
 to pale their cheek with study and keep from wine through all 
 December's holidays? 
 
 98-104. Next to speak of historians, — are their labors more pro- 
 ductive ? History demands more time and pains than poetry. Yet 
 vast as the field is, how scanty a crop does it yield ! 105-149. " But 
 historians are an idle herd." Well, what do the lawyers get for all 
 their roaring? However (to deceive creditors or allure clients) they 
 magnify their gains, the patrimonies of a hundred of them are 
 counterbalanced by that of one driver in the circus. The court 
 have taken their seats; pale Ajax rises to plead for a man's liberty 
 with a clown for judex. What is your pay? A little quarter of 
 rusty pork, or ajar of thunnies, or old roots, black slaves' rations, or 
 five jars of bad wine. If, after four pleadings, you get a gold-piece, 
 the attorneys must have a part according to agreement. Aemilius 
 is a rich nobleman, and has a statue and triumphal chariot, and so 
 he gets the largest fee allowed by the laws, and yet we can conduct 
 a case better than he can. 'Tis this that brought Pedo to bank- 
 ruptcy, and Matho too; this was Tongilius's ruin, whose broad 
 purples got him credit. And yet these fine clothes are of use; it's 
 policy to make a noise and wear the look of wealth. Trust we our 
 eloquence ? Why Cicero would get nothing now unless he wore a 
 great ring on his finger. No man employs you till he hears how 
 many slaves you keep. So Paulus hired a ring and got more fees 
 than Basilus or Cossus. Eloquence in rags is rare. What chance 
 has Basilus of being heard? Go off to Gaul or Africa and practise 
 if you have set a value on your tongue. 
 
 150-214. Do you teach rhetoric ? O nerves of steel, when your whole 
 class is slaying savage tyrants ! They sit and read, and then get up 
 and say it word for word from first to last, —the same old cabbage served 
 again, killing the wretched teacher. All would learn rhetoric, but 
 none will pay. " Your fee ? what have I learnt? " "Of course it's 
 the teacher's fault that the boy is a blockhead, whose ' Hannibal ' 
 has stunned me week by week. Ask what you will I '11 give it, if 
 you can make his fatherlisten as often as I have listened to his non- 
 sense." Nor is Vettius a singular instance of a rhetorician who 
 must leave his school-declamations for real strife in the courts, to sue 
 his pupils for payment. Since then it is so small a pittance that the 
 rhetor earns, not amounting at best to more than the cost of a ticket 
 for bread, and since even for that he must go to law, I would advise 
 him rather to follow any other profession. See how much the music- 
 master gets, and you '11 tear up your " Elements of Rhetoric." He 
 builds him costly baths, and porticoes to ride in when it rains. 
 What, must he wait till the sky clears, and go splash in the mud? 
 And then a dining-room on marble pillars. Whatever his house 
 costs, he has his butlers and his cooks besides. Meantime Quintilian 
 gets his two sestertia, and that a splendid fee! There's nothing a 
 father will not pay more for than for his son. How then is Quintilian 
 
SATIRE VII. 183 
 
 so rich ? He is a lucky man ; and your lucky man is everything 
 that's great and good and wise and eloquent. It makes a great dif- 
 ference under what star you were born. Fortune can make a rhe- 
 torician consul, and if she please a consul rhetorician. What was 
 Ventiilius, what Tullius? what but a star and influence of hidden 
 destiny? Fate can give a slave a kingdom and a prisoner triumphs. 
 But Quintilian is a lucky rhetorician, rare as a white raven. Many 
 grow weary of the fruitless teacher's chair — witness Carrinas and 
 Thrasymaehus ; he too was poor to whoiu Athens could give nothing 
 but cold hemlock. Light lie the earth and fragrant be the Mowers 
 above the worthies of old time who held the teacher in the place of 
 parent! Achilles on his father's hills learnt tinging, and reverenced 
 the rod when now -grown up, tumble to laugh even at the tail of his 
 master the Centaur. But Rufus and the rest are flogged hy their own 
 pupils. 
 
 215-229. Who pays the grammar-master what hi- toil deserves? 
 E'en from his little fee the pedagogue nibbles part, and the paymaster 
 will take his slice. Hear with the fraud, and bate a little of your 
 just demand, liKe retailers selling blankets, provided only you do not 
 utterly lose the trifle for which you've sat from midnight till the 
 dawn, where a blacksmith or a weaver would not sit, and smelt the 
 lamps whose smoke stains Horace and blackens Virgil. But fees are 
 few which can be recovered without a trial before the tribune. 
 
 229-241. But lay strict terms upon them, that the teacher speak 
 grammatically, and know all history and all authors as well as the 
 nails on his hand; so that at any moment he can tell who was 
 Anchises' nurse, who and whence Arehemorus' stepmother, how long 
 Actors lived, and how much wine he gave the Phrygians. Require 
 that he shall mould his pupils' morals as a man makes a face of 
 wax ; require that he be their father, and keep them from vice. 
 " This do," they say, " and when the year comes round you 'II have a 
 gold-piece, as mucli as a jockey earns in a single race." — Macleane 
 and Mayor. 
 
 1. Ratio, mot i ve ; "the raison-aVetre." 
 
 Studiorum, as here, in the sense of studies, without an addition 
 such as ortiinn I ilirrnlinin, is post-classical. 
 
 Caesare. Probably Hadrian. 
 
 4. Gabiis. For any small country town, in which but little custom 
 could be expected. Cf. iii. 192. 
 
 Furnos, ovens ; bake-houses. 
 
 6. Praecones, criers. They got persons to attend auctions, in 
 which they called out the biddings, and stimulated the purchasers. 
 while the magister auctionis knocked the lots down. They kept 
 silence in public assemblies, like " ushers of the court." Their call- 
 
184 NOTES. 
 
 iiig was profitable, but despised ; and so long as they followed it, they 
 were not eligible to the rank of decuriones. 
 
 7. Atria, sc. auctionaria. 
 
 8. Pieria. The grove of the Muses on Mount Helicon, between the 
 fountains Aganippe and Hippocrene, is here called Pierian by the 
 conventional name of the Muses, although the historical Pieria lay 
 north of Olympus. 
 
 9. Ames. Used like the Greek ayanav, GTipyuv, to be content with. 
 Machaerae. Some praeco of the day. 
 
 10. Commissa auctio, the auction's contest, " ubi licitantes utrinque 
 pretio pugnant; translate a gladiatoribus." (Grangaeus, Mayor.) 
 " Cf. committere proelium, ludos, spectaculurn." Otherwise ex- 
 plained as the auction entrusted to the praeco, or as an auction of 
 forfeited goods (bonorum commissorum). 
 
 11. Oenophorum, a wine-jar (with handles). Marquardt v. 2, 425. 
 Armaria, cupboards, cabinets, or cases, standing against the walls ; 
 
 French, armoires. 
 
 12. Paccius and Faustus, tragic poets of the day. Alcithoe, 
 daughter of Minyas, for her refusal to share in the worship of 
 Dionysos,was changed into a bat. Thebes furnished many a subject 
 for the stage. Tereus was the subject of tragedies by Sophocles, 
 Philocles, Carcinus the younger, and Attius. 
 
 13. Sub ju&ice = apudjudicem. 
 
 14 sqq. Faciant, etc. Although slaves from Asia who have been 
 raised to knighthood do so i. e. give false testimony). 
 
 15. The MSS. read equitesque. The first syllable of Bithyni is 
 elsewhere long (Juv. x. 162 ; xv. 1). In the omission of -que, and in 
 punctuation, I follow (with Mayor; H. A. J. Munro (note in Mayor's 
 second edition), who has relieved the difficulties of a much vexed 
 passage. The recent editors very generally have considered this 
 verse as spurious. Retaining it, Asiani must (according to Munro) 
 be limited to the people of the province Asia; "thus Catullus, 
 writing in Bithyni a, says ad claras Asiae volemus urbes," and verse 
 16 may be explained by the fact that " Bithynia and Gallatia had 
 got very much mixed up together." 
 
 16. Altera Gallia, New Gaul, i. e. Galatia ; so named from the 
 Gallic tribes, which, separating from the main body of Gauls under 
 Brennus, were invited into Asia B. C. 278 by Nicomedes of Bithynia, 
 and were confined to the district which bore their name by Attalus I. 
 cir. B. C. 230. (Mayor.) 
 
 Nudo talo. Cf. pedibus albis, i. 111. 
 
SATIRE VII. 185 
 
 Traducit, sends across the sea. Some render it " puts forward to 
 view." 
 18. Posthac. Now that the emperor favors genuine poets. 
 
 20. Hoc agite, make this your earnest pursuit ; set about it. Cf. 
 verse 48, and v. 157. 
 
 21. Ducis. I. e. of the emperor. 
 
 22. Si qua aliunde, if from any other quarter. 
 23 sq. Crocea membrana tabella impletur, the parchment is filled 
 
 by its yellow page: "by means of its yellow page; i. e., one page 
 getting filled after another, the quaternion or whatever it may be of 
 parchment is filled." (H. A. J. Munro.) Some understand crocea 
 tabella of a wooden case or covers. 
 Crocea. Cf. Ov. Trust, iii. 1, 13: cedro flavus. 
 
 25. Dona Veneris marito. Give to the flames. 
 Telesinus. We are not to suppose that any particular person is 
 
 referred to under this name. 
 
 26. Clude (P, S, /, g.) = claude («). Shut up your books in the 
 cases (in scriniis or in capsis , and let the worms eat holes in them. 
 
 28 sq. Compare Ben Jonson's lines, at the end of the Poetaster: 
 
 "I, that spend half my nights, and half my days, 
 Here in a cell, to get a dark, pale face, 
 lb come forth worth the ivy or the bays, 
 And in this age can hope no other grace." 
 
 Cf. also Boileau, Ars. Poet. iv. : 
 
 "Aux plus savans auteurs, comme aux plus grands guerriers, 
 Apollon ne promet qu'un nom et des lauriers." 
 
 Venias = prodeas ; Jonson's come forth. 
 
 Hederis. Notice the plural, the ivies, "ivy wreaths." "The ivy, 
 being sacred to Bacchus, formed the wreath of victors in scenic con- 
 i hence transferred to poets generally." 
 
 Imagine macra. "A poor lean bust, such as a half-starved poet's 
 would be. There were put up in the library of Apollo on the Pala- 
 tine, and in other public and private libraries, busts of distinguished 
 literary men." (Macleane.) 
 
 32. Juno's bird is the peacock. 
 
 32-35. " But the useful years of life are passing, in which success 
 might be gained in other occupations, and a weary old age conies on, 
 in which the poor poet has nothing to look to." 
 
 36. Artes. Madvig (Opusc. ii. 176) introduced the period here, 
 
 . Q 2 
 
186 NOTES. 
 
 and the comma in place of a period after relicta (37). He is followed 
 by Jahn, Ribbeck, Weidner. Artes, the tricks, the artful con- 
 trivances of the rich, to excuse their neglect of poor poets. 
 
 Iste (the demonstrative of the second person), that patron of yours. 
 
 37. Poems were often recited in the porticos attached to the 
 temples ; but our poet reserves his verses for his patron's ear. The 
 temple of Apollo is that on the Palatine (Horat. Carm. i. 31), in 
 which Becker infers from Mart. xii. 3, 7-8, that statues of the Muses 
 also stood. There was a temple called Herculis Musarum, built by 
 Fulvius Nobilior. Weidner interprets Musarum et Apollinis aede 
 relicta of giving up independent, disinterested composition. 
 
 38 sq. He acknowledges Homer as his superior only because he 
 wrote a thousand years ago. 
 
 40. Maculosas ( = sordidas). Heinrieh's conjecture. P, maeu- 
 lonis ; u>, maculonus. Weidner reads maculonsas, which orthography 
 may account for these MS. readings. 
 
 41. Longe = diu. See Forcellini. 
 Servire. To serve your purpose. 
 
 42. Sollicitas. Because beleaguered. 
 
 Notice the distinction between janua and porta. 
 
 43 sq. There are two kinds of claquers : the more intelligent freed- 
 men, sitting at the ends of the rows, give the cue, and poor clients 
 (comiles), scattered about the room, ( obediently shout their bravos. 
 
 45 sqq. Subsellia, the seats on the ground floor. Quae — tigillo, 
 the rising-seats of hired plank that hang in the air (cf. "hanging- 
 gardens," pendentes hortuli Semiramidos). The orchestra, or the 
 foremost rows, devoted to persons of distinction, is set out (posita est) 
 with luxurious chairs. Reportandis, because hired. 
 
 48. Hoc agimus, we pursue this purpose ; we are engrossed with 
 this. Cf. Cic. Tusc. i. 20, 46. 
 
 48, 49. Tenui — aratro. Proverbial expressions for labor thrown 
 
 50. Si discedas, if you try to get away. The subjunctive means, 
 in any instance, at any time. We have here the second person 
 singular for a general indefinite subject. 
 
 Ambitiosi. Jahn (followed by Ribbeck), wrongly deeming line 51 
 an interpolation, reads ambit 'ostim, to agree with cacoethes. 
 
 53. Publica, ordinary, common, commonplace. 
 
 54. Expositum, trite. 
 Deducere, to spin out. 
 
 55. Coins a trivial poem of the common stamp. 
 
 
SATIRE VII. 187 
 
 57 sq. Acerbi impatiens, Syzvoros micpov, free from the suffering of 
 bitterness, which is that of poverty, disappointment, mortification, 
 and self-contempt. (Macleane.) 
 
 58. Aptusque. The reading of the MSS. — Jahn and Weidner have 
 itr-,lnsque y found in the Scholiast, where, however, it may be only a 
 gloat on cupidus. Weidner moreover changes bibendis into bibcudi. 
 
 60. Thyrsum. " Bacchus and the Muses are always close com- 
 panions." 
 
 64. Dominis. For the ablative, see i. 13, note. 
 
 Cirra (Cirrha) was the port of Delphi ; its lord was Apollo. Nysa 
 is the name of many places connected with Bacchus, — the original 
 one being generally placed in the Punjaub; here probably a village 
 on Mount Helicon, which claimed to have been the home of the god 
 in his boyhood. 
 
 Feruntur, are carried away, borne headlong (in inspiration). 
 
 66. Juvenal uses attonitae for perplexed, as the word belongs to 
 inspiration. Cf. Hor. Curm. iii. 19, 13. (Macleaue.) 
 
 67, 68. I. e. to write like Virgil. 
 Rutulum. I. e. Turnus. 
 
 69. Desset = deesset. The use of the imperfect here and in the 
 apodosis is lively, and has the same effect as the use of the historical 
 present Cf. M. 347, b, note 2; Z. 525; Verg. Aen. iii. 187 ; Prop, 
 iii. 6, 43" sq. 
 
 70, 71. Cf. Verg. Aen. vii. 417, 513 sqq. 
 
 72. Rubrenus Lappa. Some small play-writer, who was obliged to 
 pawn his dishes and his cloak while writing his tragedy of Atreus. 
 
 Cothumo. A symbol for tragedy. (Why?) On the ablative, cf. 
 iii. 74, note. 
 
 74 sqq. Numitor. Some great noble. The name is humorously 
 fciken to imply ancient descent. This great man — poor fellow — has 
 nothing to send to his friend the poet, but plenty to give to his inis- 
 treas, and enough to buy meat for his tame lion. (Macleane.) 
 
 78. Nimirum, no doubt. Ironical. 
 
 79. Jaceat. On the lectus. 
 
 Lucanus. The author of the Pharsalia. He inherited a large for- 
 tune from his father. 
 
 Hortis marmoreis. I. e. in the gardens attached to his marble 
 villa, themselves adorned with statues and surrounded with porticos. 
 
 80. Serranus. Ranked by Qaintilian (x. 1, 89) anions epic poets; 
 deep in debt, if he is the same as the person spoken of by Martial 
 iiv. .">7, L' sqq.). 
 
 Tenui, poor ; of slender estate. 
 
188 NOTES. 
 
 Saleius Bassus. An epic poet praised by Tacitus and Quintilian. 
 
 81. Tantum, only ; alone. (How is this meaning derived from the 
 original meaning of the word ?) 
 
 82 sqq. P. Papinius Statius, author of the Thebais, and patronized 
 by Domitian, recited portions of that epic from time to time during 
 the twelve years in which he was composing it. It would appear 
 that he had an^greeable voice. 
 
 Diem. A day for reciting. 
 
 86. Fregit subsellia. Cf. i. 13. " He has broken down the benches 
 by his poem, i. e. by the loudness and energy with which he re- 
 cites it." 
 
 87. Intactam — Agaven, unless he sell his virgin " Agave " to 
 Paris. Paris, a native of Egypt, was a pantomime of great celebrity 
 in Domitian's reign. Martial (xi. 13) wrote his epitaph: 
 
 quisquis Flaniiniam teris, viator, 
 noli nobile praeterire marmor. 
 urbis deliciae, salesque Nili, 
 ars et gratia, lusus et voluptas, 
 Itomani decus et dolor theatri, 
 atque omnes Veneres Cupidinesque, 
 hoc sunt condita quo Paris sepulcro. 
 
 Intactam, i. e. new, not as yet exhibited. 
 Agave, the sister of Semele. 
 
 88. Hie et. He does more for the poets than buy their plays; he 
 gets them military honors and the knights' gold ring. 
 
 Largitus. So Jahn and Mayor, after some MSS. Pu> largitur. 
 
 89. Semenstri auro, with the six-months' gold, i. e. the six-months' 
 ring. This means the ring (which was a badge of equestrian rank) 
 won by six months' service. " The tribune of a legion became, as a 
 matter of course, an eques. On account of this advancement in rank 
 the office was conferred by the emperors on persons who did not 
 intend to follow the military profession, but after six months' service, 
 tribunatus semestris, retired as equites into private life." Mayor. 
 
 90 sq. Tu — curas. Young men sought to gain the favor of the 
 great and influential, as an aid to their own advancement. Cameri- 
 nus was the name of a good old family of the patrician gens Sul- 
 pieia. (Cf. viii. 38.) On Barea see note on iii. 116.— Atria. The 
 atrium was the reception-room in the houses of the great. 
 
 92. The two plays here named, like the Agave, were probably the 
 cantica. or texts for pantomimic representation. 
 
 94, 95. Proculeius is celebrated by Horace {Carm. ii. 2, 5-6) for 
 
SATIRE VII. 189 
 
 his generosity to his brothers. Paulus Fabius Maximus, consul 
 B. C. 11, was a steady friend of Ovid. Cotta Messalinus (or Cotta 
 Maximus), son of the great M. Valerius Messalla Corvinus, was also 
 one of Ovid's patrons. Lentulus is perhaps the consul P. Cornelius 
 Lentulus Spinther, who procured Cicero's recall from exile, B. C. 57. 
 97. The Saturnalia, with its attendant festivals (at one of which 
 little figures were sold as toys or presents), occupied seven days in the 
 month of December. Indeed the whole mouth was sacred to Saturn, 
 and was a month of feasting and revelry. 
 
 100. Modo, limit. — Our reading nullo guippe modo is given by 
 Jahn, and the best editors generally, after P, Serv. ad Aen. iv. 98, 
 and Schol. Lucani i. 334. Macleane reads with inferior MSS. namque 
 oblita modi. — Surgit, springs up, begins. 
 
 101. Omnibus, sc. hutoiHcis. — Damnosa, to their loss. Cf. Hor. 
 Sat. ii. 8, 34. Papyrus was costly ; parchment, of course, still more so. 
 
 102. Eerum, of topics ; things to be mentioned. — Operum lex, the 
 conditions or law to which writers of such works are bound. 
 
 104. Acta, the newspaper. 
 
 105. Lecto, the couch. 
 
 106 sq. Civilia officia, services to their fellow-citizens ; legal services, 
 for the protection of lives and fortunes. — Praestent, "bring them 
 in." — Magno — libelli, the big bundle of documents (briefs, depo- 
 sitions, extracts from laws, etc.) with which they are accompanied. 
 
 108-114. Madvig (Opusc. ii. 179, 180), followed by Mayor, rightly 
 explains this passage as follows: " The lawyers themselves talk very 
 grandly, and boast that they receive great fees ; but when do they so 
 talk ? particularly when persons are listening whom it is for their 
 interest to impress with the belief that their practice brings them in 
 a large income. And who are such persons? In the first place, a 
 creditor of their own, who is to be convinced that his claim is safe ; 
 secondly, some rich litigant, more eager even than the creditor, who 
 comts to employ the advocate in a doubtful case, and will be the 
 more ready to pay him a large fee if he believes that he is generally 
 paid more than the average of lawyers. Then, indeed, their bellows 
 blow enormous lies : then the lawyers make such assertions of pros- 
 perity, that, to avert the wrath of the gods provoked by proud words, 
 in accordance with an ancient superstitious practice, they spit in their 
 bosoms. But their real income is so different from this false boasting 
 that a single charioteer in the circus is richer than a hundred law- 
 yers." This suits better with the context (" quid praestent officia.") 
 and the antithesis to their lying boasts, " vera m depraendere mes- 
 
190 NOTES. 
 
 sem," than the interpretation more generally adopted, which is thus 
 stated by Macleane : " They talk very big of their own accord (ipsi), 
 but still more if the creditor is listening for whom they are acting; 
 or louder still if the client is eager and nudges his ' causidicus,' being 
 afraid of losing his money. Then truly do they puff their lies like 
 bellows, spluttering all their breast." 
 
 109. Tetigit latus. I. e. has spurred the lawyer on to lie. So 
 Madvig, I. c. p. 180, foot-note. 
 
 Acrior. Ribbeck reads aegrior, so interpreting aecrior (p) and 
 ae*rior (P). 
 
 110. Grandi codice. The large size of the ledger indicates (says 
 Madvig) a rich litigant. 
 
 Nomen, a debt. See Lexicon, and Diet. Antiq. s. v. Fenus. 
 Weidner translates it " debtor" (which meaning it also bears), and 
 understands it of the lawyer himself. 
 
 111. Cf. Pers. v. 10 ; Horat, Sat. i. 4, 19. 
 
 112. Mayor's citations sufficiently prove that spitting three times 
 in the bosom was an ancient superstitious practice to avert the wrath 
 of the gods and to break spells. In this sense we should rather ex- 
 pect to find despuitur (see examples s. v. in Forcellini), but the use 
 of consptiere does not exclude Madvig's interpretation. One may 
 follow Madvig, however, in all other points in this passage (108-114), 
 and still take covspuitur sinus as meaning simply that the eager, 
 mouthing speaker " splutters his froth all over the folds of his toga." 
 
 Depraendere ( = deprehendere, deprendere). With Jahn I fol- 
 low P. 
 
 114. Russati. " The drivers in the chariot-races were divided into 
 four parties, called factiones, and distinguished by the color of their 
 dress; there was the white, alba, red, russata, blue (but see note on 
 iii. 170), veneta, and dark-green, prasina." — Lacerna is (the scholiast 
 says) an auriga abjectus of " the red." 
 
 115 sqq. A scene in court, the first line parodied from Ov. 3Iet. 
 xiii. 1, 2, where the contest between Ajax and Ulysses for Achilles' 
 armor is described : 
 
 consedere duces; et vulgi stante corona 
 
 surgit ad hos clypei dominus septemplicis Ajax. 
 
 " The chiefs " have taken their seats ; the lawyer rises, a pale " Ajax," 
 to plead the cause of one who is claimed as a slave, with a neatherd 
 as judex. 
 
 116. Dubia. I. e., which is disputed. The action was a vindicatio. 
 
SATIRE VII. 191 
 
 Bubulco judice. The office of judex, after the changes introduced by 
 Augustus, was no longer an honor, but a burden. Any free male 
 adult, who had not been condemned for a criminal offence, might, it 
 would seem, now sit as judex. Mayor. 
 
 117. Jecur. The supposed seat of the passions. 
 
 118. After a forensic victory, lawyers used to hang palm branches 
 over their doors. The supposed advocate in this case lives in hired 
 lodgings in a garret, and can only decorate his stair-case. 
 
 119. Quod = quale. Interrogative adjective pronoun. 
 
 Siccus petasunculus, a rusty little quarter of pork. The petaso 
 was eaten fresh ; the perna (or ham) was a part of the petaso ( Athen. 
 xiv. p. 657 e), and was smoked or salted. 
 
 120. Maurorum epimenia, the monthly rations of Moorish slaves. 
 Maurorum (P a c) is adopted by Jahn and recent critical editors 
 
 generally, except Macleane, who reads Afrorum (w). 
 
 121. Wines brought down the Tiber, such as the Sabine and Veien- 
 tane, were very inferior to the Campanian and foreign wines, which 
 came up the river. 
 
 Lagonae = lagenae. Macleane places a comma after " lagenae " 
 and a period after " egisti " in the next verse. All other recent 
 critical editors punctuate as I have done. 
 
 122. Si quater egisti — si causam perorasti. The process required 
 four pleadings. 
 
 Why is contigit the right word here, and not accidit ? 
 Aureus. The gold-piece was now worth 25 denarii, or about $4. 
 
 123. The attorneys' percentage is deducted from it, by agree/unit. 
 
 124. The Aemilia was one of the noblest of the patrician families. 
 Quantum licet (P and best editors. Other readings are petet, petit, 
 
 libet), as much as the law allows. "In B.C. 204, a plebiscitum was 
 passed, prohibiting any person from taking a fee for pleading a cause. 
 This was confirmed by a §entUut consult urn in the time of Augustus ; 
 bat was relaxed in that of Claudius, after which time a man might 
 take ten sestertia for a fee," — i. e. one hundred " gold-pieces," one 
 of which was thought enough for our poor causidicux. 
 
 Et, and yet. (f. xiii. 1)1 : hie putat esse deos et pejerat. Tac. An: 
 i. 38: reduxit in hiberna turbidos et nihil ausos. 
 
 125-128. In Acini lius's porch stands the triumphal statue of an 
 ancestor in a quadriga; also his own equestrian statue, aiming a 
 shaft which bends and quivers as it is poised for the throw, for 
 certainty of aim one eye being closed lusca . 
 
 129. Sic. By imitating tins display of wealth. — Pedo. An un- 
 
192 NOTES. 
 
 known lawyer. — Conturbat (sc. rationes), becomes a fraudulent 
 bankrupt (confusing his accounts). — Matho. See Sat. i. 32. — De- 
 ficit, "fails" as in English. 
 
 130 sqq. Tongilius may be the one alluded to in Martial (ii. 40). 
 To show his consequence, he goes to bathe with a dirty crowd of re- 
 tainers, and is borne through the forum in his lectica with a long 
 pole, making fine purchases. 
 
 130. Bhinocerote. An oil-flask (gutus) of rhinoceros horn. 
 
 131. Vexat, mobs. 
 
 132. His bearers are Maedi, Thracians from the west bank of the 
 Strymon, from whom the northern district of Macedonia, between 
 the Axius and Strymon, was called Maedica. 
 
 133. Murrina. " Porcelain " is a good modern analogue, but not 
 the right translation of this word. The murrina were probably bowls 
 of agate, of great cost, fragments of which are now often turned up 
 in the soil of Rome. See Mayor, who cites inter alios C. W. King 
 (Nat. Hist, of Precious Stones and Gems, pp. 237-245). Fr. Thiersch 
 (Abh. der Miinchn. Akad. i. 439 sq.) contends that the murrina were 
 made of fluor-spar. 
 
 134. Spondet (lit. gives security for him), procures him credit. 
 Mayor. 
 
 Tyrio stlattaria (stlataria) purpura filo, broad purple (i. e. his 
 purple robe) of Tyrianweb. Etymologists concur (Curtius, Corssen, 
 Vanicek) in deriving stlataria from the root star- {to strew, spread, 
 extend), whence orop-i-vvv-ni, ster no, (stra-vi, stra-tu-s). As in the 
 Slavic languages the root occurs sometimes with I and sometimes 
 with r, so here stla-ta is identical with stra-ta. This is also the 
 root of Idtu-s, where st has fallen away entirely before I. " Stlata," 
 says Festus (Paul. Diac, p. 312, Festus, p. 313), "is a kind of ship 
 broad (latum) rather than long, and so named from its breadth (a 
 latitudine), but in the same way as men used to say stlocum for 
 locum and stlitem for litem." Navis stlata is therefore a vessel 
 built broad for merchandise ; navis longa, one long and narrow for 
 war. O. Miiller (on Festus I. c.) understands stlataria purpura of 
 purple cloths imported on such stlatae, and hence genuine Tyrian 
 merchandise. So the lexicographers generally, rendering stlataria 
 " sea-borne." An old scholiast asserts that Probus explains stlataria 
 as meaning illecebrosa, and so Heinrich, in an elaborate note {ad 
 schol., pp. 396-399), renders it seductive, decoying, alluring, enticing, 
 understanding stlata (after Flavius Caper and others) of a pirate 
 vessel, quae, (to cite Heinrich,) "in hostium naves lenocinia, insidias, 
 
SATIRE VII. 193 
 
 fraudes, ludificationes, illectamenta " exercet. It is perhaps safe to 
 go back, with Corssen (Kr. Beitrdge, 4<i2, 463) to the etymology of 
 the word, and render it as I have at the beginning of this note. 
 
 136. Convenit = utile est, prodest. 
 
 137. Strepitu et facie. The genitive (majoris census) supplies the 
 place of an adjective, so that we can have the modal ablative with- 
 out cum. 
 
 138. This verse is bracketed by many editors as out of place. 
 142. Togati. Clients (in. 127). 
 
 143-5. Three poor lawyers are named. 
 
 146. It was a custom in Rome, as well as in Greece, to introduce in 
 the epilogue relations (as mothers, wives, sisters, children), sometimes 
 in mourning garments and iu tears, to work on the jurors' feelings. 
 
 148 sq. Gallia abounded in men of eloquence; under the empire 
 rhetoric flourished in Africa. 
 
 149. To put a price on your tongue; i. e. (if you want) to make 
 money. On this meaning of ponere ci. Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 23 : callidus 
 huic signo ponebam railia centum. Inferior MSS. read imponere. 
 
 150. Declamare is a general term for rhetorical exercises. — Ferrea. 
 I. e. patient, enduring, apathetic. — Vettius Valens was (he founder 
 of a new school of rhetoricians. His name here represents the class 
 of rhetoricians in general. 
 
 151. The class declaim invectives against tyrants or laudations of 
 tyrannicides. 
 
 152. The class read their declamations sitting, and standing up 
 repeat them again (perferet) from beginning to end. (Macleane.)— 
 Cantabit, will drone, in a hum-drum, sing-sing tone. — Versus ap- 
 plies to the lines in prose as well as in poetry. Cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 
 5,54. 
 
 154. There was an old proverb, Sis Kf>«v0n davaros. Mayor cites 
 Qnintil. ii. 4, 29 : necesse est .... fastidium moveant velut frigidi et 
 repositi cibi. 
 
 155. Color. We must retain the metaphor in translation: "what 
 may be the color to be given to the case." Mayor says that " color" 
 denotes the varnish, gloss, or color by which the accused endeavors 
 to palliate, the accuser to aggravate, the allowed facts of the case. 
 
 Summa, main. 
 
 156. Quae — sagittae, what shafts (a metaphor for arguments) may 
 c/t'turr to cowu from the opposite side. Diversae, belonging to the 
 opposing side; from the enemy. Inferior MSS. read diver so, parte 
 sa<jitt<i, . 
 
 13 — Juv. R 
 
194 NOTES. 
 
 158. Quid enim scio ? Why, what have I learnt ? Enim like yip. 
 (" You surely cannot expect a fee ? For what do I know ? ") 
 
 159 sq. The ancient Romans placed the seat of the intellect in 
 the heart. Cf. Cic. Tusc. i. 9. — The Arcadians were proverbially 
 dull; their country was famed for its asses, both literally and meta- 
 phorically. 
 
 161. Dims Hannibal. Cf. x. 166 sq. 
 
 162 sq. TJrbem. Of course Rome. —An .... an. Not a double 
 question, but two separate questions. The occasions are diiferent, 
 the second being b. c. 211, five years after the battle of Cannae, 
 when Hannibal retired from the walls of Rome in consequence of a 
 great storm repeated on two successive days (Liv. xxvi. 11). 
 
 164. Circumagat, wheel, wheel round. — A, from, away from. 
 
 165. Our reading (pw) gives the simplest construction. Munro 
 (note in Mayor's edition) thinks that quid (P, Priscian) "may, 
 perhaps, be right : " quantum vis stipulare, et protinus accipe — 
 "quid?" do ut totiens, etc. "Receive what?" says the one to 
 whom the offer is made; then the other replies, "Why, I give it on 
 condition that," etc. Hermann i who edited quod do, " ne Pithoe- 
 anum quid do tironum oculos offenderet,") suspects a corruption of 
 the text, but proposes no emendation. Ribbeck makes the happy 
 conjecture qui (i. e. qua conditioner do; Mommsen proposed quin 
 (and so Weidner^ Lachmann qui dum? 
 
 Quod do, what I offer. 
 
 166. TJt, on condition that. — Totiens, as many times as I have 
 (heard him). On fathers' coming to hear their sons recite, cf. Peri 
 iii. 45-47. 
 
 Alii. Many other teachers make the same complaint as Vettius. 
 
 167. Sophistae here = rhetores or grammatici. On the use of th< 
 term see Grote's famous chapter, with " Cope's criticisms in Journ. 
 of Class, and Sacr. Philol. i.-iii." 
 
 168-170. The rhetoricians pursue real lawsuits to get their fees, 
 leaving their fictitious disputations on stock-themes, as "the 
 ravisher," "outpoured poisons," "the wicked and ungrateful hus- 
 band," " eye-salves," and the like. — We may refer these topics of 
 declamation to the stories of Paris, Medea, Jason, and old Pelias, or 
 to such fictitious legal cases as those described in Quintil. Decl. 2-17, 
 Senec. Exc. 7, 8, p. 420 {B\ Quintil. Decl. 17, Senec. Contr. ii. 13, 
 p. 156 (B), Exc. Contr. ii. 5, p. -T>4. 
 
 170. Veteres caecos, men who have been long blind. Cf. Juv. ix. 
 16 : macies aegri veteris. 
 

 SATIRE VII. 195 
 
 171. Ergo. Notice the short o. 
 
 Sibi dabit ipse rudem, will give himself his own discharge. The 
 rudi8 was a wooden sword with which the gladiators practised, and 
 which (with the pileus) they received as a symbol of their discharge. 
 On the metaphorical use of the phrase ef. Heir, Epp. i. 1, 2 sq. 
 
 173. Pugnam = veras lites (verse 168). — Descendit. Perfect tense. 
 — Rhetorica ab umbra, from his scholastic shade; from the retire- 
 ment in which he has practised the rhetorician's art. 
 
 174. The tessera was a round or square tally of metal or wood, 
 entitling the possessor to a share of grain in the monthly distribution 
 to the poorer citizens. The ticket could be sold or bequeathed. It 
 is here sold by one whose name is on the list to our rhetorician, who, 
 probably as not being a citizen (for most of the rhetoricians were 
 Greeks), has no title to the privilege. The ticket is "vilis," as the 
 amount of grain received was small. 
 
 Venit is in the present tense. From what verb? (Notice the 
 quantity.) 
 
 176. Two music-masters are named. 
 
 177. Artem scindes Theodori. You '11 tear up your old rhetoric 
 book. — Ars, like rixyn, is used of an elementary work, — here, " Ele- 
 ments of Rhetoric," as Theodorus was a rhetorician. — The MSS. 
 read scindens ; scindas is Jahn's correction, approved by Hermann, 
 Ribbeck, Weidner, Mayor. If scindens be retained, it must agree 
 with the subject of tempta, as Madvig shows, — the caesura after 
 pueros separating the interposed clause from connection with this. 
 
 178-188. The rich spend immense sums on their houses and estab- 
 lishments, but offer only a pittance for the education of their sons. 
 
 178. Sescentis, sc. milihus miinun'im ; (J00,000 sestertii. 
 
 179. Gestetur, sc. vehicnlo. Cf. verse 180. 
 
 181. Hie, i. e. in the porticus. — Mules were in great request by the 
 wealthy Romans. 
 
 182. Parte alia. "His baths here, his covered drives there, his 
 dining-room elsewhere." — The tall columns of the Numidians are 
 pillars of the yellow Xumidian marble. 
 
 183. Algentem solem, i. e. the sun in winter. 
 
 184 sq. Quanticumque domus, sc. sit. However expensive the 
 house, money will be forthcoming for the purchase of a structor (cf. 
 V. 120) and a pithnmtarius. 
 
 185. Pulmentaria, dainties. 
 
 Condiat (dissyllable) is Lachmann's emendation, adopted by Jahn. 
 Most MSS. condit, some condat. 
 
196 NOTES. 
 
 186. Quintiliano. The celebrated author of the Institutio Oratoria. 
 — Sestertia duo. Two thousand sestertii. 
 
 187. Ut multum. As we say, at most. — Sufficient. Gnomic future. 
 Cf. verses 201, 219, and Pers. ii. 5. 
 
 189. Saltus, pasture lands among the forests on the hills. — Juvenal 
 exaggerates Quintilian's wealth. " He was rich among poor men, 
 and poor among the rich." Cf. Plin. Epp. vi. 32. 
 
 Exempla novorum fatorum, instances of rare good fortune. 
 Transi, pass by ; do not take into account. Cf. iii. 114. 
 
 190. Felix, the lucky man (eldaifiwv, the man favored by Fortune), 
 is both beautiful and brave. 
 
 191. Sapiens, nobilis, and generosus, are used appositively : the 
 lucky man, as both wise and noble and high-born, sews (subtexit), 
 etc. 
 
 192. Becomes senator. The shoes of the senators came higher up 
 the leg than ordinary calcei, and bore in front a crescent. The sub 
 in subtexit is not undo- the shoe, but simply below. 
 
 193. Jaculator. He excels in the games of the Campus Martius. 
 Others translate " a debater," hurling arguments against his op- 
 ponent. 
 
 194. Perfrixit (from perfrigescere), he has a cold. . 
 197 sq. Quintilian received the ornamenta consularia, which, 
 
 while they did not necessarily admit into the senate, facilitated such 
 admittance, and conferred a high dignitas. Pliny (Epp. iv. 11) 
 speaks of Valerius Licianus who had become a teacher in Sicily : 
 "Praetorius hie modo inter eloquentissimos causarum actores habe- 
 batur, nunc eo decidit, ut exul de senatcre, rhetor de oratore fieret. 
 Itaque ipse in praefatione dixit dolenter et graviter : quos tibi, For- 
 tuna, ludos facis! facis enim ex professoribus senatores, ex senatori- 
 bus professores ! " 
 
 199. P. Ventidius Bassus, a native of Picenum, in the Social War 
 was carried captive with his mother to Rome, and appeared in the 
 triumphal procession of Cn. Pompeius Strabo, B. C. 89. When he 
 grew up he gained his livelihood by letting out mules and carriages. 
 C. Julius Caesar took him into Gaul, and employed him for the re- 
 mainder of his career in important offices. He rose to be tribunus 
 plebis, then praetor, then pontifex, and lastly consul, B. C. 43. 
 " Mulos qui fricabat consul factus est." Gaining a victory over the 
 Parthians, he celebrated a triumph. 
 
 Servius Tullius, the sixth king of Rome, was born of a slave. 
 
 201. Servis (as to Tullius), captivis (as to Ventidius). 
 
SATIRE VII. 197 
 
 204. Tharsymachi. An emendation of Ritschl (Op. ii. 541), for 
 Thrasymachi of the MSS., for metrical reasons. So the Attic poets 
 interchanged dpdaoi and Oiipaog. Cf. crocodilus, corcodilus; tarpezita, 
 tra|xzita. In translation, use the ordinary form Thrasymaehus. It 
 is the name of one of the sophists, who came to Athens about the 
 middle of the fifth century B. C. He was a native of Chalcedon. 
 The scholiast says he hanged himself, but we know nothing further 
 about his " exitus." 
 
 Secundus Carrinas was sent by Caligula into exile, because he 
 declaimed in his school against tyrants. The scholiast says, veneno 
 prrit. 
 
 205. Huno refers probably to Socrates. We should have expeotod 
 ilium, but hunc may imply greatness and interest in the estimation 
 of the speaker. Mayor, however, says that " hunc seems to mean in 
 our own day, later still than Carrinas; and ausae has little force, 
 unless we suppose that some one is meant, who when banished re- 
 tired to Athens, and there, as no one would venture to employ him, 
 put an end to his life by taking poison. Nor was Socrates a teacher 
 of rhetoric. Markland supposes that a verse is lost." 
 
 206. Ansae, who (i. e. Athens) could bring thyself. 
 
 207 sq. Di . . . . terram, sc. dent. Sine pondere, an adjective 
 phrase. See Nagelsbaeh Stilistik 75, 2 (p. 203). The prayer that 
 the earth may rest lightly on the ashes of the dead is very frequent 
 in epitaphs. — Sometimes a sum of money was left in order to secure 
 a constant supply of flowers on a tomb. 
 
 211. Patriis in montibus. On Mount Pelion. 
 
 Cui (with the subjunctive eliceret) = talis ut ei. — Cui. Cf. iii. 49. 
 Tuno, then; in that age of respect for teachers. Mayor. 
 
 212. Chiron, the Centaur, taught Achilles music and other accom- 
 plishments. 
 
 214. This weak disciplinarian, the rhetorician Rufus, was a Gaul, 
 and accordingly his class nicknamed him the. Allohrogian Cicero. 
 
 215. Two grammarians : Celadus, hardly known except from this 
 passage, and Palaemon, who lived under Tiberius and Claudius, and, 
 though profligate, enjoyed great reputation as a teacher. 
 
 217. Autem, after all. 
 
 218. Custos, the paedagogus. (See Lexicons.) Cf. Horat. Sat. i. 
 6,81 sq.; A. P. ljBl. 
 
 Acoenonetus, isoiviivrjnf, destitute of common feeling, inconsider- 
 ate, selfish. So Grangaeus, Jahn (in Greek letters), Weidner. Her- 
 mann Ribbeck, and Mayor read acoenonoetus, after P. 
 
 R2 
 
198 NOTES. 
 
 219. Qui dispensat. The dispensator, cashier or private secretary 
 of the rich man. — The MSS. and editors vary between frangit, fran- 
 gat, and franget. 
 
 222. Dummodo non pereat, quod—. Provided it go not for 
 naught, that — . 
 
 223. Sederet, would be willing to sit. 
 
 224. Obliquo ferro. "The carding instrument, consisting of 
 crooked bits of iron fastened in a board." Carding wool prepared 
 it for spinning. 
 
 225 sqq. " Boys going to school at night carried lanterns with 
 them. The master had to bear the smell of as many lamps as there 
 were boys, and their class-books were black with the smoke." 
 Horace foresaw that his works would become a text-book {Epp. i. 
 20, 17 sq.). 
 
 226. Stabant. In their classes, to recite. 
 
 228. The tribunus plebis appears to have had a kind of judicial 
 authority under the empire. Cf. xi. 7. 
 
 229. Vos, you parents. What follows is ironical. — Leges, con- 
 ditions; demands. 
 
 230. That the teacher never be at fault in his accidence or syntax. 
 
 231. Omnes is taken with historias as well as with auctores. 
 
 233. Balnea are bathing-rooms or houses, thermae large buildings 
 intended for gymnastic exercises and also supplied with hot water 
 and vapor baths. — Phoebus was a balneator of the day. 
 
 234-236. Tiberius used to ask the grammarians such questions as 
 these: "who was the mother of Hecuba?" "what was Achilles' 
 name when he lived among the maidens in Scyros ? " " what songs 
 were the Sirens wont to sing? " 
 
 235. Anchemolus was a warrior who fought under Turnus. Verg. 
 Aen. x. 388-9. — Acestes. Verg. Aen. i. 195 sqq., v. 73, 35 sq. 
 
 236. Phrygibus = Trojanis. 
 
 237. Ducat, mould. 
 
 240. Inquit, he (i. e. any father) says. Often used without a sub- 
 ject expressed. — Cura ; set. So the best editors. P w, curas et. 
 
 241. In the Circensian games the populace sometimes demanded 
 that the editor ludorum should give the victorious charioteer an ad- 
 ditional reward. 
 
SATIRE VIII. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-38. What use are pedigrees, ancestral blood, statues an<\ images, 
 and noble names, if in the face of our great ancestors we live amiss 
 — gambling all night and going to bed at dawn, when they were up 
 and inarching? What joy has Fabius of the Allobroges' victor, of 
 the great altar, of his descent from Hercules, if he be covetous, a 
 fool, effeminate, if he bring shame on his rough ancestors, turn 
 poisoner, and disgrace his house? Line your whole house with 
 images, yet still virtue alone is true nobility. Be Paulus, Cossus, 
 Drusus in your morals, and give them place before your images, ay, 
 and your own lictors too. First I claim the goodness of your heart: 
 be holy, just, in word and deed, and then I count you noble. Hail, 
 Gaetulicus or Silanus. From whatsoever stock you come to your 
 rejoicing country, all may cry, " Eurekamen ! " as they do who have 
 found Osiris. What man is generous if he be unworthy of his race, 
 illustrious only for his name? Nicknames go by contraries. We 
 call a dwarf Atlas, an Aethiopian Cycnus, a crooked girl Europa, a 
 
 mangy dog a pard, a tiger, or a lion. See that your great name is 
 pplied 
 39-70. This is for you, Rubellius Blandus, swelling with your 
 
 not applied to you on the same principle. 
 
 descent from Drusus, as if it were a merit of your own that you were 
 born not of a poor weaver, but of the great lulus' blood. " Low 
 wretches (say vou), ye who cannot tell your father's birthplace. I 
 am a son of Oecrops ! " Long may you live to enjoy your birth ! 
 But in that low rabble you will find a man of eloquence, who shall 
 defend some noble blockhead, or solve the riddles of the law; and 
 some brave soldiers too; while you are all Cecropian, as useless as a 
 Hermes; the only difference is, his head's of marble, yours has life 
 in it. Tell me, O Trojan, who counts animals noble except they 're 
 spirited and brave? We praise a horse who has won many races. 
 Wherever he was reared we call him noble who beats the rest, while 
 a mere herd to be put up and sold are the best bred if they but 
 seldom win. There we have no respect for ancestry : they sell for 
 little, and go to draw a cart or grind a mill. So tell me something 
 of your own to engrave upon your bust, besides the honors that we 
 freely give to those to whom you Owe all that you have. 
 
 199 
 
200 NOTES. 
 
 71-86. Enough for him who, lacking common courtesy (rare in that 
 state of life), is puffed up with his relationship to Nero. But you, 
 my friend, I would not have you valued upon the merits of your 
 family, and you yourself do nothing for future time to praise. 'T is 
 poor to rest upon another's fame ; remove the pillar and the roof 
 tails in ; robbed of its elm, the vine comes to the ground. Be a good 
 soldier, honest guardian, upright judge, witness inflexible. Count 
 not your life before your character, your life before the causes tor 
 which you live ; the man that does that deserves to die, though he 
 fare sumptuously and smell of all perfumes. 
 
 87-124. When you have got the province that you 've long desired, 
 put reins upon your temper and your covetousness ; pity the poor 
 natives ; the princes you will see have all the marrow sucked from 
 out their bones. Think of the laws, the trust committed to you, the 
 honors that await the good, the fate of those who were condemned tor 
 robbing the Cilicians. Not that such condemnation is worth much, 
 when one takes what another leaves. Go, get an auctioneer to sell 
 your clothes, Chaerippus, and straight say nothing ; it were madness 
 to throw away your fare to Rome besides. Those people suffered less 
 when they were beaten first : riches were left them still, shawls and 
 dresses, pictures and statues, and chased silver vessels; then came 
 your governors and carried off more spoils from peace than ever 
 graced a triumph. Now the little that they have they '11 lose it all. 
 You may despise, perhaps, the Rhodians, and Corinth too ; but take 
 good care of Spain, of Gaul, Illyricum, the Africans, who send us 
 corn to feed our idleness. Besides, they 've nothing to repay you. 
 Marius has robbed them. Take care you do no great wrong to the 
 brave and poor : take all they have, you will still leave them arms. 
 
 125-145. This is no mere opinion of my own ; believe, the Sibyl 
 speaks. Be your attendants righteous, no favorite sell your judg- 
 ments, your wife no harpy, then, though you may trace your birth 
 to Picus and the Titan brood, and claim Prometheus for your ancestor, 
 you are welcome to any pedigree you like, so far as I am concerned. 
 But if ambition, lust, and cruelty carry you headlong, then your 
 ancestors only hold up the torch to expose your shame. The sin is 
 greatest in the greatest sinner. Why boast yourself to me, you who 
 forge wills in temples which your grandsire built before your father's 
 statue, and steal by night in your cowl to a deed of shame ? 
 
 146-182. Fat consul Lateranus degrades himself as a coachman, 
 driving right past the ashes of his sires by night, — but the moon and 
 stars look on, — and when his consulship is done, he 'II do it in broad 
 day, and meet his aged friend without a blush. He '11 do the menial 
 work of a groom, and when he goes to sacrifice to Jove he '11 swear 
 by Epona and the stable gods. And when he goes to taverns, the 
 greasy host comes out to meet him, and with an air salutes his lord- 
 ship ; while the officious hostess brings the wine. " But we all did 
 the same when we were young." Yes ; but we 've left off. Such 
 faults should be cut off with our first beard. Children may be ex- 
 cused ; but Lateranus is old enough for the wars. Send him on 
 foreign duty, O Caesar, but seek your legate in the eating-house : 
 you'll find him there with cut-throats, sailors, thieves, runaway 
 slaves and executioners and drunken priests and undertakers, all 
 
SATIRE VIII. 201 
 
 pot-fellows together. What would you do, had you a slave such as 
 this? Of course you 'd send hiiu to the slaves' prison and the fields. 
 Hut you excuse yourselves, ye Trojan-bom. Brutus may do what 
 would disgrace a cobbler. 
 
 183-210. Bad though this be, yet worse remains behind. His 
 money spent, Damasippus goes uj>on the stage, and Lentulus acts 
 Laureolus not badly, deserving, as I think, a real cross. The people 
 are to blame to sit and see patrician buffooneries. At what price 
 they sell their honor matters not. No tyrant forces them, and yet 
 they gladly sell themselves to the Praetor for his shows. And even 
 if the choice were that or death, which should they choose? Does 
 any one fear death so much that he should act with Thymele and 
 Corinthus? But nobles acting as mimes are not astonishing, when 
 we 've had a harper like Nero for our emperor. After all this, what 
 can there be but gladiatorial shows ? This, too, doth shame the 
 town ; Gracchus, a noble and a priest, not with helmet or shield, but 
 as a retiarius, undisguised and with face uncovered, casts his net, 
 and failing flies the arena round in sight of all the theatre. His 
 tunic and his cap betray the priest of Mars: can we believe it? 
 More shame it is than any wound for him who suffers the degradation 
 of fighting with a priest. 
 
 211-230. Were but the people free, who but would choose a Seneca 
 before a Nero? The death of many parricides was his desert. His 
 crime was like Orestes', but it differed in the cause. One, bid by 
 gods, avenged his father's murder; but he slew not his sister or his 
 wife: he poisoned no relations, never acted, never wrote a rubbishy 
 poem on the Trojan War. What is there that Nero did which so 
 deserved punishment at the hands of Verginius, Vindex, and Gal ha? 
 These are the practices of a high-born prince, who loved to sing in 
 foreign theatres and earn the parsley crown from Greeks! Hang up 
 your dresses and your masks and harp, the trophies of your glory, 
 before the statues of your ancestors! 
 
 231-263. Catilina and Cethegus were of lofty birth, and yet they 
 would have fired the city, like savages, fit to be punished with the 
 shirt of pitch. But our Consul was awake ; a new man and not 
 noble guarded the whole town, and got more fame in peace than all 
 < Vtavius won at Actiuin or Philippi. Rome was then free, and called 
 our Cicero his country's Father. His townsman too, Marius, followed 
 the plough for hire, and had the vine-switch broken over his head 
 in the ranks. But he stood single-handed, and withstood the Cimbri 
 and delivered Rome, and when the fight was over he was crowned 
 before his colleague. The Decii were plebeians, yet were their lives 
 offering enough for all the host; they were worth" more than all that 
 they saved. A slave's son wore the crown of Romulus, and was our 
 last good king. The Consul's sons would have betrayed the city, a 
 slave betrayed their purpose: he worthy to be wept by matrons, they 
 deserved to die, the first condemned by righteous laws. 
 
 239-275. You'd better be ThersiteV son and like Achilles, than 
 like Thersites and Achilles' son. But go as far back as you will, you 
 still come to the asylum, and whosoe'er was founder 'of your line 
 must have been a shepherd or something worse. — Macleane with 
 mud ijicut ions. 
 
202 NOTES. 
 
 1. Stemmata, pedigrees. The imagines of ancestors in the atria 
 of noblemen were painted masks of wax placed upon busts prepared 
 for the purpose. These busts with the portrait-masks were arranged 
 in little shrines (armaria), under which inscriptions (tituli) pro- 
 claimed the names, honors, and exploits of the ancestors. The 
 imagines were encircled with wreaths (stemmata), running from one 
 to another in such a way as to indicate the genealogical connection 
 of the persons represented. Some scholars suppose that the Romans 
 had family-trees, resembling our own in form, on which were small 
 medallion portraits (pictos vultus, imagines pictas), encircled by 
 wreaths running from one to another; and interpret Plin. H. N. 
 xxxv. 2, and Sen. de Ben. iii. 28, in this manner, rather than in ac- 
 cordance with the explanation given above. 
 
 Ponticus was some young noble, to whom Juvenal addresses this 
 satire in the form of an epistle. 
 
 2. Pictos vultus majorum. The waxen masks, or the painted faces 
 on the family tree : in either case, the portraits of one's ancestors. 
 
 3 sq. The only historical Aemilianus when this was written was 
 the younger Scipio, P. Cornelius Scipio Aemilianus, who gained the 
 agnomen Africanus. Triumphal statues are probably meant, although 
 paintings may be referred to (Marq. 5, 1, 248). — Dimidios, broken 
 in half. — TJmeros minorem, " short of a head and shoulders." 
 
 7. It must be that this verse is an interpolation. What the inter- 
 polator meant by contingere virga is doubtful. Virga has been taken 
 for the fasces, for a broom to keep the busts clean, for a wand with 
 which the busts are pointed out, and for a branch of the ancestral tree 
 (like ramus (Pers. iii. 28), linea). In the latter case, translate multa 
 contingere virga, to reach, through many a branch. 
 
 8. The ancient imagines of the masters of the horse are dingy with 
 smoke from the focus in the atrium. 
 
 9. Coram Lepidis, like ante Numantinos (11), under the very eyes 
 of great and noble ancestors, i. e. in the presence of their imagines. 
 
 Quo, to what purpose. Cf. verse 142, Hor. Epp. i. 5, 12. Quo — 
 quam ad rem. Cf. Cic. pro Caelio 52 : dixeritne Clodiae quam ad 
 rem aurum sumeret ; lb. 53 : dixit profecto quo vellet aurum. 
 
 11. Numantinus was an agnomen given to Scipio Africanus the 
 younger after the capture of Numantia, b. c. 133. The plural is 
 generic, as in verse 13, and i. 109. Cf. Cic. pro P. Sestio 68 : quare 
 imitemur nostros Brutos, Camillos. 
 
 12. Quo, sc. tempore. — Duces, those generals, your great ances- 
 tors. 
 

 SATIRE VIII. 203 
 
 13 sq. Q. Fabius Maxiraus was surnamed Allobrogicus from his 
 victory over the Allobroges B. c. 121. The Fabia gens were said to 
 be descendants of Hercules ; hence natus in Hercules lare, " born 
 in the household of Hercules." The ara maxima, in or near the 
 Forum Boarium, was consecrated by Evander to Hercules, according 
 to one tradition ; according to another it was built by Hercules him- 
 self after slaying Cacus. 
 
 15. The Euganei were originally the occupiers of all the country 
 which the Veneti afterwards possessed, but were afterwards driven 
 farther west and south. The whole region was famous for its 
 pastures. 
 
 16. Effeminate persons smoothed their bodies with pumice-stone. 
 
 17. Squalentis traducit avos, disgraces (exposes to contempt) his 
 rugged ancestors. They are rough, rugged, in comparison with the 
 fine, soft skin of their degenerate descendant. 
 
 18. The bust£ and statues of those convicted of capital offences 
 were destroyed by the common executioner. — Funestat is properly 
 "defiles by blood." 
 
 21. Moribus, in your morals ; in your character. 
 
 22 sq. Hos and illi refer to moribus. — Virgas, the fasces. 
 
 24. Prima, in the first place. 
 
 25. Mereris. The omission of si is lively. 
 
 26. Adgnosco procerem, I recognize the nobleman ; the true gen- 
 tleman, Nature's nobleman. Prooeres is generally reckoned among 
 the plural in tantum. 
 
 27. 28. The punctuation is that of Jahn, Ribbeck, Hermann. 
 
 27. Silanus was a cognomen in the gens Junia. 
 
 28. Ovanti. Congratulating itself on the possession of so excellent 
 a citizen. 
 
 29 sq. " The Egyptians worshipped their god Osiris under the 
 form of a live bull. When the animal grew old, he was drowned, 
 under the notion that the deity had left his body, to go and Inhabit 
 that of a younger bull. The new tenant was accordingly sought for, 
 and when recognized, was received with great rejoicing, and a cry of 
 
 tvti/JKdficv, ovy^aipwuiv." 
 
 30. Qui, so. est. 
 
 32. It was fashionable in Rome to keep dwarfs. 
 
 33. Parvam. A few MSS. have pravam, which would be repeated 
 in extortam. — Extortam, twisted out of sliape, distorted, crooked. 
 
 34 sq. Scabie vetusta levibus, " hairless from inveterate mange." 
 38. Ne tu, sc. sis. — 8io, in the same way, on the same principle; 
 
204 NOTES. 
 
 i. e., called a Creticus or a Camerinus in irony and derision. Sic is 
 the conjecture of H. Junius, adopted by the best editors. P si, 
 pw sis. 
 
 40. Blande. So the MSS. Some editors Plaute, after Lipsius, 
 hoping to escape a historical difficulty. — Livia, wife of Augustus, 
 had two sons, Tiberius and Drusus, by her first husband Tiberius 
 Claudius Nero. The daughter of Drusus, Livia or Livilla, married 
 her cousin Drusus the son of Tiberius. Their daughter Julia mar- 
 ried Rubellius Blandus; from this union Rubellius Plautus was 
 born, who incurred the jealousy of Nero, and was put to death a. d. 
 62. He was a man of strong character, devoted to the stoic phil- 
 osophy, and can hardly be the person referred to here. He had 
 children (Tac. 14, 59), and we may suppose that his son was named 
 from his grandfather, and is the Rubellius Blandus of this passage. 
 The suspicion was not impossible that Agrippina herself was his 
 mother (cfT Tac. 13, 19) ; or Juvenal may use the bold expression " te 
 conciperet" of the grandmother of Blandus. (Weidner.) 
 
 42. Ut, so that ; to bring it about that. 
 
 43. Conducta, for hire. — Aggere. The agger of Servius Tullius. 
 
 46. The thyivua KiKporrog was proverbial. 
 
 47. Ima plebe = ex ima plebe. 
 
 49. The masculine adjective in the singular used substantively 
 (nobilis), itself takes an adjective (indocti). Instances are found in 
 Cicero. See Nagelsbach Stilistik 25, 6 (pp. 82 sq.). Macleane says 
 neither adjective is used as a substantive, and translates " the noble- 
 man who is unlearned." 
 
 Veniet. " There will come one," where we should say " there will 
 be one." 
 
 The plebs togata is that part of the poorer Roman people which could 
 only be recognized by this national article of dress as Roman. It 
 was not respectful for them to appear before their patrons without 
 the toga. 
 
 51. Hie, another plebeian. — Juvenis, a man of fighting age (from 
 seventeen to forty-five), a brave soldier. — The Parthians and Arme- 
 nians and the Batavi were formidable. 
 
 52. Custodes aquilas. I. e. the legions left to guard the country. 
 
 53. Hermae were statues composed of a head, usually that of Hermes, 
 placed on a quadrangular pillar, the height of which corresponded to 
 the stature of the human body. They were used to mark boundaries, 
 or were set up at the doors of houses, in front of temples, and in various 
 public places. — Trunco. I. e. without legs aud arms. 
 
SATIRE VIII. 205 
 
 56. Teucrorum proles, Cf. i. 1Q0 note. 
 
 58. Sic. It is on this ground that.— Facili — fervet, in honor of 
 whose easy triumph, many a hand is warm (with clapping). Or we 
 may take facili of speed; cf. Verg. Aen. viii. 310 : facilesque oculos 
 fert omnia circum. Manil. i. 647 : circumfer faciles oculos (easily 
 turning, hence swift). 
 
 59. Rauco, hoarse (with shouting). 
 
 60. 61. Notice the rhythm of these fine verses. 
 
 61. Fuga, speed. 
 
 62. Coryphaeus. Some famed racer. MostMSS.Cory£Aae;P, Coryte. 
 
 63. The race-horse Hirpinus, as it appears from an old inscription, 
 won the first prize 114 times, the second 56 times, and the third 36 
 times. His grandsire, Aquilo, was the first victor 130 times, the 
 second 88 times, and the third 37 times. 
 
 64. Ibi = in iis, in their case ; in the case of horses. 
 
 66. Epiredia were freight- wagons which followed the reda or 
 passenger-coach. (This explanation is preferable to that which de- 
 fines them as " harness.") Quintilian (i. 5, 68) remarks on the word : 
 cum sit praepositio graeca, raeda gallicum, neque Graecus tamen ne- 
 que Gallus utitur conposito, Romani suum ex alieno utroque fecerunt. 
 
 67. Nepos is some miller of the day. The other MS. reading nepo- 
 tes is preferred by some editors. 
 
 68. Privum. A conjecture of Salmasius, adopted by the best edi- 
 tors. Pw primum. 
 
 1-70. On the sentiment of these lines, cf. Chaucer : 
 
 "Look who that is most virtuous alway 
 Prive and apart, and most entendeth aye 
 To do the gentle dedes that he can, 
 And take him for the greatest gentleman. 
 • * * * 
 
 Men may full often find 
 A lorde's son do shame and vilanie. 
 And he that wol have prize of his genterie, 
 For he was boren of a gentil house, 
 And had his elders noble and virtuous, 
 And n' ill himselven do no gentil dedes, 
 Ne folwe his gentil auncestrie, that dead is, 
 He is not gentil, be he duke or erl; 
 For vilains' sinful dedes make a churl." 
 
 71. Fama, report. 
 
 73. Sensus communis, a sense of what is due to others. It implies 
 a sympathy with mankind, and a knowledge of men and things, 
 
 S 
 
206 NOTES. 
 
 gained by sharing in the common experience of life. More simply, 
 it may be understood as a sense of equality, a sense of one's commu- 
 nity with others. 
 
 75. Sic, in such a way, or on the condition. 
 
 Futurae laudis. Genitive of quality. 
 
 79. An arbiter was different from a judex, yet not quite the same 
 as our " arbitrator." In a judicium the demand made was for a 
 certain fixed sum of money ; in an arbitrium the amount was not 
 fixed. In a judicium the plaintiff gained all that he claimed or 
 nothing ; in an arbitrium as much was given him as seemed fair. 
 The judicium was constituted with a poena or per sponsionem ; there 
 was no poena in the case of an arbitrium. Lastly, the arbiter was 
 possessed of a greater latitude than the judex, and was armed with 
 something very closely resembling what we call an equitable juris- 
 diction. " Hence the more necessary for one filling the office to be 
 an upright man." 
 
 81 sq. Phalaris with his brazen bull had become proverbial. 
 
 83, 84. Pudori, honor. These are verses of splendid vigor. — Vi- 
 vendi causas. Cf. Plin. Epp. i. 12, 3 ; plurimas vivendi causas ha- 
 bentem : optimam conscientiam, optimam famam, maximam consci- 
 entiam, etc. Ejusdera Epp. v. 5, 4 : qui voluptatibus dediti quasi in 
 diem vivunt vivendi causas cotidie finiunt. 
 
 85. Perit (perfect tense ; cf. iii. 174, x. 118), is dead already. 
 
 86. Gaurana = Lucrina, as the mons Gaurus was near the Lucrine 
 lake. — Cosmi . . aeno, though he be plunged head over ears in Cos- 
 mus's copper. Cosmns was a noted perfumer ; aenum is the cauldron 
 in which he prepared his perfumes. 
 
 89. Socii refers to Eoman subjects beyond the limits of Italy, — 
 the inhabitants of a province. 
 
 90. Reges were native princes, like those of India under British 
 rule. — For medullas ossibus exsugere we have ossa medullis exsu- 
 gnntur : the bones sucked dry of the naked marrow, instead of the 
 marrow sucked from the empty bones. On vacuis cf. Cic. pro Mar- 
 cello vi. 17 : gladium vagina vacuum in urbe non vidimus. 
 
 91. Curia. The governors of the senatorial provinces, like those 
 of the imperial, received their instructions from the emperor by re- 
 scripta. But their appointment was nominally in the senate, whose 
 authority they were supposed to represent. Macleane. 
 
 93. Cossutianus Capito was appointed governor of Cilicia A. D. 56, 
 but the next year he was charged with extortion and degraded. 
 (Afterwards, he recovered his senatorial rank through the influence 
 

 SATIRE VIII. 207 
 
 of Tigellinus, his father-in-law.) Numitor is unknown. The name 
 occurs vii. 74. 
 
 94. Piratae Cilicum, " they who robbed the robbers." Cilicia was 
 a notorious haunt of pirates. 
 
 95-97. Sell your old clothes at auction. " Turn all you have into 
 cash, and hold your tongue (tace). Don't think of going to Rome 
 to obtain redress ; you would only be losing your passage money iu 
 addition to your previous losses." Chaerippus represents a delega- 
 tion sent by the provincials to Rome to complain of the extortion of 
 the governors. 
 
 96. Pansa and Natta. Unknown governors. 
 
 97. Jam, at once. — Naulon = naulurn. 
 
 99. Modo, but recently. 
 
 100. Acervos = acervus. (Root ak-, pointed. Vanicek.) 
 
 101. Spartana. The seas off Laconia were among those most 
 famed for the murex fishery. — The island of Cos manufactured light 
 and transparent cloth or silk, which was sometimes dyed purple. 
 
 102-104. The great painter Parrhasius of Ephesus flourished at 
 Athens during the latter part of the Peloponnesian war (about four 
 centuries B. c). Myron, a great sculptor, the reputed artist of the 
 Discobolos, Phidias, (whose chryselephantine statues, as of Athene 
 in the Parthenon, and of Zeus at Olympia, are here referred to,) and 
 Polycleitus (see iii. 217 note) were a little older than Parrhasius. 
 Mentor was a celebrated Greek artist in silver, about the middle of 
 the fourth century b. c. — These works of these artists are named as 
 the chefs d'oeuvre of antiquity. 
 
 103. Vivebat expresses the life-like character of the statues. Cf. 
 Virgil's " spirantia aera," " vivos de marmore voltus." 
 
 104. Multus labor, " many an elaborate work." — Rarae sine Men- 
 tore mensae, " few were the tables without a Mentor," i. e. without a 
 cup of Mentor's chasing : as we say, " a Titian," " a Vandyke." 
 
 105. There were three Dolabellas who plundered provinces. Our 
 reading is a conjecture of Ruperti's, now generally adopted instead 
 of the MS. readings Dalabetta est adque (P), Dolabella atque (w). 
 Notice the hiatus before the principal caesura. To avoid it, Lach- 
 mann (followed by Ribbeck and Weidner) reads Dolabellae, atque 
 drli inc. Kiaer defends Dolabella atque. 
 
 M. Antonius Creticus, the son of the distinguished orator, and 
 father of the triumvir, plundered Sicily. His brother, C. Antonius, 
 was condemned for pillaging the Macedonians. 
 
 106. Sacrilegus Verres. Cic. in Ver. i. 5, 14 ; neque hoc solum in 
 
208 NOTES. 
 
 statuis ornamentisque publicis fecit, sed eliam delubra omnia, sanc- 
 tisslmis religionibus consecrata, depeculatus est; deum denique nul- 
 lum Siculis, qui ei paullo magis affabre atque antiquo artificio factus 
 videretur, reliquit. 
 
 Altis, deep-laden. 
 
 107. Triumphs here for spoils, such as graced triumphs. More 
 spoils of peace than of war. 109. Capto agello. Dative. 
 
 Ill, 112. These two verses are found in all the MSS., but are gen- 
 erally suspected by critics. Heinrich would change unicus into 
 unus, and omit the clause haec — maxima. 
 
 Aedicula, a niche or recess, for a shrine. 
 
 113. Unctam, essenced. 
 
 114. Resinata, with their skin smoothed with resin. 
 
 116. Horrida, shaggy, rugged. The emphatic position of this word 
 (which is contrasted with resinata, levia) supplies the want of an ad- 
 versative particle. — Axis = plaga. 
 
 117. Latus, coast. 
 
 118. Vacantem, that has leisure only for ; that gives its time to. 
 
 119. Autem, besides, moreover. 
 
 120. Maiius. See i. 47 sqq. note. — Discinxerit, has stripped. — As 
 a contrast to Marius, Scipio may be quoted, who said of himself, Cum 
 Africam totam potestati vestrae subjecerim, nihil ex ea quod meum 
 diceretur praeter cognomen retuli (Val. Max. iii. 7, 1). So Horat. 
 (Carm. iv. 8, 18) qui domita nomen ab Africa lucratus rediit. 
 
 125. Non est sententia, is no mere opinion of my own. — Inferior 
 MSS. and editors omit est, connecting verum as an adverb with the 
 next line. 
 
 127. Comitum. The persons composing the staff and suite of the 
 governor of the province. 
 
 128. Acersecomes, aKepaeKdftw, with unshorn locks; an epithet of 
 Apollo. Here, a long-haired minion. 
 
 Conjuge. " The avarice and rapacity of the women, who followed 
 their husbands to their governments, had long been a subject of com- 
 plain t." 
 
 129. Conventus, the circuits ; used both of the district courts and 
 of the districts themselves. 
 
 130. Celaeno. I. e. (like) a Harpy. 
 
 131. Licet, although. Some MSS. and editors have tunc licet, in- 
 stead of tu licet ( P S gh s). — Picus, son of Saturn and father of 
 Faunus, was the earliest mythical king of Latium. 
 
 132. Pugnam. For " warriors ; " " the whole host of the Titans." 
 
f< 
 
 SATIRE VIII. 209 
 
 134. Libro, book (of legends). 
 
 135. Quod si, but if. So Horat. Epp. vii. 25. Praecipitem, sc. te. 
 139. Pudendis, your shameful deeds. 
 
 140 sq. Compare the words of Julius Caesar : in maxuma fortuna 
 minuma licentia est. 
 
 142. After quo, to what purpose, there is often an ellipsis. Supply 
 here jactas. " What is the use of your boasting of yourself to me, if 
 you 're in the habit— etc." — Signare, to set your seal to. 
 
 143. Wills were sometimes executed and kept in the temples. 
 
 146. Cf. i. 171 note. 
 
 147. There was a T. Sextius Magius Lateranus who was consul A. 
 D. 94. 
 
 148. Adstringit multo sufflamine, locks with the frequent drag- 
 chain. 
 
 152. Numquam. Jahn and Weidner nusquam (dft). I follow Pw, 
 with most editors. — Trepidare governing a noun in the ace. is rare 
 and post-classical. Cf. x. 21 and Sen. (?) Here. Oet. 1062. 
 
 153. Jam, quite (in the English sense). " Though an old man, and 
 likely to be horrified." Juvenal's dislike for charioteering and horse- 
 racing was (at least relatively) excessive. "It would have been 
 well," as Lewis says, " if the Roman nobility had never amused 
 themselves in a more reprehensible way." The amusement, however, 
 seems to have brought them into low associations. At the present 
 day, it is probably not the most honored and useful members of the 
 English nobility that are found in the " Four-in-hand Club." — Virga 
 prior annuet, will be the first to give him a salute with his whip. — 
 Maniplos, sc. feni, bundles of hay. Old English " bottles of hay," 
 as in Shakspere. 
 
 154. Horses in Italy are fed on barley. 
 
 155. Interea, meanwhile; so long as he is still consul. — Every 
 year at the Latin holidays the consuls sacrificed to Jupiter Latiaris 
 on the Alban mount. Originally a white steer was offered. Some 
 scholars think that robum here is simply robustum. Cf. Paul. Diac, 
 p. 264. 
 
 Robum, red. An archaic word, e re sacra petitum (Madvig , wed 
 here to harmonize with more Numce. It is given by the scholiast, 
 aixl i> now generally adopted. Pw, torvum. 
 
 157. Epona. From equus. In the Italian dialects p is often found 
 for qu, e.g. pis = quis. — So sequ-or is from the same root as btouai. 
 Among the facies pictae over the stalls may have been that of Bubona. 
 
 158. Instaurare, to repeat his visits to. The word is used partic- 
 14 — Juv. S2 
 
210 NOTES. 
 
 ularly of solemn ceremonies, and there seems to be a certain humor 
 in it here. The solemn rites which he prefers and pays again and 
 again are those of the midnight taverns. 
 
 159. Obvius implies " sponte se offerens," " promptus," " paratus." 
 
 160. Editors generally mark this verse as of doubtful genuineness. 
 Hermann brackets the first two words in it and the last three in the 
 preceding verse. " The gate of Idumsea " would mean a place through 
 which the traffic of Idumaea passed. 
 
 161. With the officious politeness of a host, he salutes him as " my 
 lord " and " king." 
 
 162. The hostess, with her clothes tucked up to facilitate her 
 movements, bustles in with a bottle of wine (lagona = lagena), for 
 which he will pay a round price. 
 
 163. Dicat. So Jalin, Eibbeck, Weidner ; dic*t P ; dicet pw. 
 
 164. Nempe, of course. (And so in verse 180.) 
 
 168. Thermae is here generally taken as equivalent to thermopo- 
 Hum, a place where hot wine-and-water was sold. But as drinking 
 went on at the baths (Sen. Ep. 122; Mart. xii. 70), in or near which 
 there were probably drinking " bars " and popinae, it may well be 
 taken in its proper sense. — Inscripta lintea are curtains, or awnings, 
 bearing names or devices to serve the purpose of our sign-boards. 
 They may hang before low eating-houses or stews. 
 
 169 sq. He is old enough to protect the empire by arms (bello) 
 against the Parthians and Germans. 
 
 170. Nero is used generically, for the emperor of the day. 
 
 171. Mitte Ostia, send (him) to Ostia, to embark for a foreign war. 
 The name of the town, Ostia, is generally of the first decl., fern. ; but 
 Charisius says the neut. plural form was often used. So Strabo, v. 2 : 
 
 t& 6' "Slnrta iariv tnivtiov rrji 'Fu/jitis. 
 
 173-178. " The scene is one that Hogarth might have drawn," — as 
 the commentators have said, one after another. 
 173 sq. Jacentem, lying at table. — Fugitivis, sc. servis. 
 
 176. The priest of Cybele is lying dead-drunk upon his back, with 
 his silent drum (or tambourine) beside him. — The tympana, as it 
 appears from old paintings, were struck with the open hand. 
 
 177. Aequa ibi libertas. " It 's liberty-hall." 
 
 179 sq. On the mood and tense, cf. Hor. Sat. i. 1, 63. 
 
 180. Lucanos, sc. agros. — Ergastula were private prisons attached 
 to most Roman farms, where the slaves were made to work in chains. 
 Sometimes slaves were taken from the ergastulum, still chained, to 
 till the fields. In Lucania and Etruria there were great latifundia 
 

 SATIRE VIII. 211 
 
 and pasture-lands, which harbarous slaves were employed to culti- 
 vate. 
 
 182. Cerdoni. Cf. iv. 153 note. — Volesus Valesius was the an- 
 cestor of the patrician gens Valeria, and hence of Valerius Poplicola, 
 who was associated with Brutus in the first consulship. 
 
 185. Damasippus seems to be a typical name, borrowed from Hor- 
 ace (Sat. ii. 3), for a man of birth and fortune who had ruined himself. 
 
 186. Sipario, to the curtain, where we should say, to the stage. 
 The siparium answered the purpose of the modern drop-scese ; but 
 it was depressed when the scene began, and raised again when the 
 play was ended. — The noisy " Ghost " was a mime by Catullus, who 
 was a noted mime-writer. Cf. xiii. Ill ; Mart. v. 30. 
 
 187 sq. In the mime Laureolus, the chief character (here taken 
 by Lentulus, another dissolute nobleman) was that of an artful 
 slave who was caught in some knavery and crucified. Lentulus ap- 
 pears to be crucified in the mimic scene on the stage, but he deserves 
 a real cross. — Velox, because he tried to run away from his punish- 
 ment. 
 
 190. Triscurria (tri- and scurra), gross buffooneries. This word is 
 a iiraf tlf>f)iitvoi> in the language. The tri- is intensive, as in triparcus 
 tri fur, trifurcifer, triportenta, triveneficus, triperditus, " thrice-great 
 Hermes." 
 
 191. Planipedes = mimi. The actors of mimes appeared pedibus 
 plants (= nudis), unlike those of tragedy, who wore the cothurnus, 
 and those of comedy, who wore the soccus. • 
 
 The Fabia gens claimed descent from Hercules. Cf. verse 14. 
 
 192. The Mamerci were a noble family of the Aemilia gens. The 
 whole gens traced its descent from Mamercus, a son of Numa. 
 
 Alapas. Inferior characters on the stage, — slaves, parasites, buf- 
 foons, — were slapped on the face and cuffed about by superior per- 
 sonages. Cf. v. 171 note. 
 
 Quanti sua funera vendant, at how great a price they sell the fu- 
 neral of their honor. Juvenal says, " their own obsequies," for 
 
 "when honor dies, 
 The man is dead." 
 
 For funera Ribbeck adopts munera, a gratuitous conjecture of 
 Dobree's. 
 
 193. Suetonius says Nero caused four hundred senators and six 
 hu ml red knights to fight in the arena. The number is probably ex- 
 aggerated. 
 
212 NOTES. 
 
 194. In Juvenal's time the praetor presided over the public games. 
 He sat on his curule chair, raised above the other seats. Celsi, seated 
 on high. This verse is regarded by Kibbeck and some others as 
 spurious. 
 
 196. Quid satius, which of the two is to be preferred f The use of 
 quid for utrum is not without example in prose. In Juvenal it 
 occurs only here. 
 
 Exhorruit ==* horret. Has any one become so terrified at = is any 
 one so terrified at. As a present meaning may be conveyed by a per- 
 fect, so, on the other hand, a perfect may be represented by a present : 
 thus ardet is perfect with reference to exardescit. 
 
 197. Zelotypus, the jealous husband in the play. — Thymele, a no- 
 torious mima. Cf i. 36. — The stupidus is the blockhead who gets 
 knocked about. Cf. v. 171 note. — Corinthus, an actor secundarum, 
 i. e. of such parts as the stupidus, morio, parasitus. 
 
 198. Nero appeared on the stage as a harper. — For mimus (PS) 
 inferior MSS. read natus. 
 
 199 sqq. Ludus (sc. gladiatorius), the school in which they learn 
 the gladiator's art, with a lanista for their teacher. (Madvig, Opusc. 
 ii. 184.) — Et illic, etc., here, too : i. e. in this low art, also, you have 
 — a disgrace to the town — Gracchus fighting in the arena, not even 
 choosing such costume and arms as would serve as a disguise, but as 
 a retiarius with uncovered face, and actually wearing the gold- 
 fringed tunic and tall conical cap, with flowing ribbons, which 
 marked him as a priest of Mars. (But see note on 207 sq., infra.) 
 
 200. The myrmillones (mirmillones) were armed with a helmet, 
 short sword, and oblong shield covering the greater part of their 
 body. The Thraces (Threces) also had helmets, swords, and round 
 shields. 
 
 201. The falx is a short sword or sica. — Supina, uplifted ; (Hein- 
 rich says it is " incurva." ) 
 
 203 sqq. " Retiarii carried only a three-pointed lance, called tri- 
 dens or fuscina, and a net, rete, which they endeavored to throw 
 over their adversaries, and then to attack them with the fuscina 
 while they were entangled. The retiarius was dressed in a short 
 tunic, and wore no armor on his head. If he missed his aim in 
 throwing the net (" nequiquam effudit"), he betook himself to flight 
 (206), and endeavored to prepare his net for a second cast, while his 
 adversary followed him round the arena in order to kill him before 
 he could make a second attempt. His adversary was usually a secu- 
 tor (210), or a mirmillo." 
 
^ l w. .. n r, y 
 
 or THE 
 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 TIREofVIII. 
 
 205. Spectacnla = spectatores. 
 
 207 sq. Can we believe our eyes, when we see him fighting in the 
 arena in the dress of the Salii ? Are we to give credence to his tunic, 
 as it stretches all golden from his neck and the twisted strings flutter 
 from his tall cap t The Salii, who were chosen from the patricians, 
 wore a gold-embroidered tunic with a gold fringe around the border, 
 and a tall conical cap or mitre, fastened under the chin by a gold 
 band of twisted work. Some understand jactetur spira of a knot 
 of ribbons floating in the air at the top of the cap. 
 
 So commentators generally. A very different (and possibly the 
 correct) explanation of this passage is given by Kiaer, who places a 
 semicolon after harena (206), and a comma after credamus, removes 
 the comma after tunicae, and ends verse 208 with a period. His 
 translation, which excludes any reference to the Salii, is this : We 
 may believe that it is he, when (in his flight j the golden cord stretches 
 from the neck of his tunic, and floats out from his long armlet. " Gar- 
 rucius dicit galerum esse manicam e corio vel aere factam, qua 
 retiarii sinistrum bracchium tegeretur, quaeque supra hutnerum ex- 
 staret. Idem spiram docet fuisse funiculum gladiatorium, qui in 
 signis atque tabulis pictis a sinistro humero ad dextram coxam cir- 
 cumcurrens et manicam cum balteo conjungens videri possit." 
 
 212. Some of those who joined in Piso's conspiracy against Nero 
 (A. D. 65) had the ultimate aim in view of raising Seneca to the 
 throne. Cf. Tac. Ann. xv. 65. 
 
 213 sq. Non una, more than one ; not one alone. — Parricides were 
 whipped, sewn up in a sack with a dog, a cock, a viper, and an ape, 
 and thrown into the sea, or, where the sea was not at hand, exposed 
 to wild beasts. Nero killed his mother, Agrippina, his wives Octa- 
 via and Poppaea, his step sister Antonia, his step-brother Britanni- 
 cus, and his aunt Domitia, and is supposed to have had a hand in 
 the death of his father by adoption, Claudius. 
 
 215. Agamemnonidae. Orestes. There was a verse current at 
 Home in Nero's days : fit <wv, 'Ocitmn, ' A>*/iatwv, iitjrpoKTuvoi. 
 
 216. Hie, that famed man of old (Orestes). 
 
 217. Media inter poeula. So Homer, Odyss. xi. 409 sqq. : 
 
 'AAXa ftoi Afyiodos T£«)fi{ 6avar6v rt ft6pov Tt 
 tKra avv ojAo^/vjA &\oXy oiKovftc KctXdaoas, 
 itmviaaas, Gti rifn KariKTavt (iovv hi <PdTvg. 
 
 218. He did not kill his sister nor his wife. 
 
214 NOTES. 
 
 219. Conjugii = conjugis. Orestes married his cousin Hermione, 
 daughter of Menelaus and Helen. 
 
 220 sq. Nero went upon the stage first at Naples, where he ap- 
 peared several times. He wrote an epic poem on the taking of Troy, 
 which he recited publicly in the theatre. He is said to have recited 
 it also as Rome was burning, while he looked out from a tower and 
 admired the beauty of the flames. 
 
 221 sqq. Quid is defined by quod . . . fecit (223), where quod (the 
 MSS. giving quid) is a conjecture of Madvig's, now generally adopted. 
 The sense is, Quid ex omnibus ejus factis magis ulcisci debuit? (Mad- 
 vig Opusc. ii. 199 sqq. ; Roth Kl. Schr. ii. 432.) 
 
 "L. Verginius Rufus was governor of Upper Germany, when Ju- 
 lius Vindex, propraetor of Gaul, rose against Nero, A. d. 68. Vindex 
 having offered Galba, governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, the em- 
 pire, Galba also revolted. Verginius marched against Vindex, pro- 
 testing that he would acknowledge no one as emperor till he had been 
 proclaimed by the senate. At Vesontio (Besangon) the two generals 
 are said to have had a conference, and to have agreed to unite against 
 Nero ; but an engagement took place, and Vindex, being defeated, 
 died by his own hand. Verginius afterward aided in the establish- 
 ment of Galba, and several times refused the empire for himself. 
 His funeral oration was pronounced by Tacitus, who was consul that 
 year (A. D. 97)." " It is rather strange to find Juvenal coupling him 
 with Vindex, as the epitaph composed by himself for his tomb ran 
 thus : 
 
 Hie situs est Rufus, pulso qui Vindice quondam 
 Imperium asseruit non sibi sed patriae." 
 
 225 sq. Nero went through Greece, A. D. 67, reciting in the 
 theatres and contending for the prizes at the games. He received no 
 less than eighteen hundred crowns, partly in compliment, and partly 
 for his so-called victories ; and on his return to Rome he entered the 
 city in triumph, wearing on his head an Olympic crown of wild 
 olive, and bearing in his hand a Pythian crown of laurel, while he 
 had the catalogue of his victories borne before him. The parsley 
 crown has special reference to the musical contests at the Nemean 
 games, in which a chaplet of parsley was the prize. 
 
 228 sq. Nero's father was Cn. Domitius Ahenobarbus, for a statue 
 of whom he asked the Senate A. D. 54, the year he came to the 
 throne. — Besides the Greek plays on these subjects, there were Latin 
 tragedies/ which were very likely imitations of them. Thus Varius 
 
* 
 
 SATIRE VIII. 215 
 
 wrote a Thyestes, Nero himself an Antigone, and both Ennius and 
 Accius a Menalippe. — The syrma (from avput) was a robe worn by 
 the tragic actors, which had a train trailing upon the ground. — Per- 
 sonam, the mask. — Menalippe — Melanippe. Euripides wrote a 
 tragedy with this title.— I read Antigones aut after Hermann. Jahn 
 and Ribbeck, Antigonae seu (P). Many MSS. give Antigones tu. 
 
 230. The marble colossus is probably the colossal statue of one of 
 Nero's ancestors. 
 
 231. Catiline was of the gens Sergla, one of the oldest of the 
 patrician families (cf. Verg. Aen. v. 121). Cethegus, his chief com- 
 panion in his conspiracy, was of a still more distinguished family, in 
 the gens Cornelia. 
 
 234. The reference is to the Gauls, the inveterate enemies of Rome. 
 Before the formation of the separate province Gallia Narbonensis, 
 the Romans gave the inhabitants the name Bracati (Braccati), from 
 their wearing, like nearly all other nations not Greek or Roman, 
 braccae, i. e. " breeks " or " breeches." These trowsers were looser 
 than we wear them now, but not so loose among the European nations 
 as in the East. There may be au allusion here to the Allobroges, a 
 Gallic people in this quarter, who had been invited, through their 
 ambassadors, to join in the conspiracy of Catiline. The Senones 
 were an ancient Gallic tribe on the Seine ; (their name still survives 
 in Sens.) They invaded Italy in the time of the Tarquins, and 
 settled on the Adriatic (where they have left a record of themselves 
 in the name of Senigaglia) ; and this was the tribe that took and 
 burned Rome B. C. 390. — Minores, the descendants. "Weidner under- 
 stands -que in this verse thus : the sons of the Gauls, and indeed the 
 descendants of the Senones, — that very tribe that took Rome. 
 
 235. Tunioa molesta, "with the tunic of torture.' 1 This was a 
 tunic covered over with (or made of) paper, pitch, wax, and other 
 combustibles, which was put upon the victims, who were bound to a 
 stake, and then lighted. 
 
 236. Vigilat consul. Cic. in Cat. i. 8 : Intelliges multo me vi- 
 gilare acrius ad salutem, quam te ad perniciem reipublicae. 
 
 Vezilla = troops, bands. 
 
 237 sq. Cicero was born B. c. 106 at Arpinum, a town of Latium 
 and a municipium. He was the first of his gens that had curule 
 honors, and was therefore novus homo and ignobilis (no noble; not 
 " ignoble " in our sense). — Modo . . eques, but the other day only a 
 municipal knight living at Rome. 
 
 238. Galeatum. Hence, ready for action. Cf. i. 169. 
 
216 NOTES. 
 
 239. Attonitis, M for the bewildered citizens," who knew nothing 
 of the reasons for these things. 
 
 In omni monte, on every hill (of Rome), i. e. throughout the 
 whole city. Monte (S) is now adopted by the best editors. Other 
 readings are gente (pw) and ponte (" legitur et ponte " S). In P the 
 first two letters are erased or illegible. 
 
 240. The toga represents peace, and civil functions. 
 
 241 sq. From Leucas means from the battle of Actium, which 
 place was about thirty miles north of the island of Leucas or Leu- 
 cadia. From the plains of Thessaly refers to the battle of Philippi, 
 — inaccurately, as Philippi is in Macedonia adjecta, a district origi- 
 nally Thracian. — The original name of Augustus was C. Octavius ; 
 but he dropped this at his great uncle's death, and then became C. 
 Julius Csesar Octavianus, to which the title of Augustus was added 
 B. c. 27. — In 241 with Ribbeck I adopt Hermann's conjecture, vix. 
 The MSS. give in (P S f g h), and non (pu>). Non is certainly inad- 
 missible. The true reading may be quantum Leucate (Kiaer, p. 87). 
 
 243 sq. Set — dixit. But Rome called Cicero " Parent," Rome 
 called him " Father of his Country," when she was free. It was an 
 enslaved Rome that gave that title to Augustus. 
 
 245. Arpinas alius. C. Marius. 
 
 247. The vine switch was the centurion's baton of office, and was 
 also used for military floggings.—" Broke with his head" = had the 
 switch broken over his head. 
 
 248. The dolabra was a hatchet on one side, but had a pick on the 
 other. Ancient writers speak of breaking through ice, felling trees, 
 breaking through and undermining walls, and performing various 
 other operations, with dolabrae. 
 
 249. In B. c. 101 Marius and Q. Lutatius Catulus defeated the 
 Cimbri on a plain called Campi Raudii, near Vercellae in Gallia 
 Cisalpina. — Re rum, of the State. 
 
 252. Majora cadavera. The Cimbri were remarkable for their size. 
 
 253. Nobilis, nobly born. 
 
 254-258. " The Decii were a plebeian family, but a very old one; 
 for at the secession of the plebs, B. C. 494, M. Decius was one of the 
 deputies sent by them to treat with the senate." P. Decius Mus, 
 father and son, devoted themselves to death in battle, thereby secur- 
 ing the victory to the Romans : the first in the war against the Latins 
 (Liv. viii. 9), the second in that against the Gauls (Liv. x. 28). The 
 formula of devotion, after calling on the gods, finished with these 
 words : Pro re publica Quiritium, exercitu, legionibus, auxiliis pop- 
 
SATIRE VIII. 217 
 
 uli Romani Quiritium legiones auxiliaque hostium mecum diis Ma- 
 nibus Tellurique devoveo (Liv. viii. 9). — Quae servantur. In this 
 concise expression, quae suggests everything that was great in Rome, 
 her wealth, her power, her splendor, her dominion. 
 
 259. Ancilla natus. I. e. Servius Tullius. — The trabea was a 
 white robe, with stripes of purple, supposed to have been worn by 
 the kings. — The diadema was a baud or fillet. 
 
 260. Meruit, earned by his merits ; won. 
 
 261-268. Juvenal refers to the participation of the sons of Brutus, 
 the first consul, in the conspiracy for restoring Tarquinius Superbus. 
 They were the very men from whom some great exploit in behalf of 
 liberty only partially established (dubia, still doubtful) might have 
 been expected, such as Mucins (who thrust his right hand into the 
 fire) in unison with Codes (who kept the bridge) might admire, and 
 the virgin Cloelia, who swam across the Tiber and escaped from the 
 camp of Porsena. 
 
 261. Laxabant, were on the point of loosening ; were ready to loosen. 
 265. Imperii fines. After the surrender of the city to Porsena, the 
 
 Romans lost their territory on the right bank of the river. 
 
 Tiberim. Accusative of the space over which the action extends. 
 More simply, we might have had Tiberim tranatavit. 
 
 266 sq. He that revealed the crime was a slave ; and he deserved 
 to be mourned by the matrons, even as was the consul Brutus himself. 
 
 268. The first axe of the laws signifies the first execution under 
 the laws of a free state. The constitution of Massachusetts indicates 
 the difference between arbitrary and republican government, in the 
 happy phrase, " to the end that it may be a government of laws, and 
 not of men." 
 
 269 sqq. Thersites, the deformed and odious braggart and slan- 
 derer in Homer (//. ii. 212 sqq.). — Aeacidae, Achilles. — Vulcania 
 arma. Cf. Horn. II. xviif. 369 sqq. 
 
 272. Et tamen, and after all. — Ut longe, however far back.-H.e- 
 volvere nomen = revolvendis volurainibus quaerere nomen. 
 
 273. Asylo. Cf. Liv. i. 8; Dionys. Hal. ii. 215. 
 
 275. Even Romulus and Remus had been brought up as shepherds. 
 
 *** This satire abounds in sharp contrasts, as those between Nero 
 and Seneca, Cicero and Catiline, Marius and Catulus, the Decii 
 and the patricians, the sons of Brutus and the slave ; so also the 
 picture of a worthy noble is followed by examples of the opposite, — 
 noble-born coachmen, actors, gladiators. (VVeidner.) 
 
 T 
 
SATIRE X. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-11. In all the world, but few can tell good from its opposite. 
 When are our fears or hopes guided by reason? What wish when 
 gained is not repented of? The gods, too kind, ruin whole houses 
 at their own desire. In peace and war we pray for what must hurt 
 us : the gift of eloquence or sinewy arms are fatal both alike. . 
 
 12-27. But more are choked with money, that theirs shall excel all 
 other men's fortunes. For this in tyrannous times by Nero's bidding 
 Longinus, Seneca, and Lateranus were shut up in their houses: but 
 guards are seldom set to watch a garret. The empty traveller sings 
 in the robber's presence ; carry a little silver cup or two and you 
 shall start at every reed that moves. But wealth is our first prayer ; 
 and yet no poison lurks in earthen mugs, 'tis in the jewelled cup 
 and Setian wine you have to fear it. 
 
 28-53. Did not the sages well then, one who laughed and one who 
 wept whene'er he went abroad ? Any can laugh, but where the 
 other got his store of tears we well may wonder. Democritus could 
 laugh forever, yet those towns had no abuses like our own. Suppose 
 he had seen the Praetor going to the games in his tall chariot with 
 Jove's tunic on, with folds of purple toga, and a great crown, too 
 big for any neck, borne by a slave placed in the same chariot with 
 him, of course to lower his pride ; an eagle on his ivory staff, on one 
 side trumpeters, on the other friends and citizens in white, friends 
 whom his dole makes such. Why, even there he laughed at every 
 turn, showing that men of mind are found even in dullest times. He 
 mocked the cares, the joys, sometimes the very tears of men, bade 
 Fortune hang herself, and pointed at her. 
 
 54-113. So all our prayers are idle or they 're mischievous. Some 
 by the envy which is linked with power, some by long rolls of honors 
 are undone; their statutes fall, triumphal chariots are hacked to 
 pieces. The flames are crackling, see Sejanus burns, and from that 
 face, second to only one, are pots and pans and kettles made. Ite- 
 joice! Sejanus through the streets is dragged, and all are happy. 
 " Look at his lips, his face: I never loved the man; but who ac- 
 cused him, how lias the offence been proved ? " "A wordy long epistle 
 came from Capreae." " No more, 1 ask no more. But what of the 
 
 218 
 
SATIRE X. 219 
 
 rabble ? " " They follow fortune and they hate the fallen. Had but 
 the Tuscan prospered and taken the old man off his guard, that self- 
 same hour they had hailed him emperor. We 've grown indifferent 
 since our votes were sold, and they who once gave all the honors dow 
 mind nothing but their belly and the games." "I hear that many 
 are to share his fate." " Of course ; the fire is large." " I met Brutidius 
 looking rather pale; Ajax will be for punishing us all for not sup- 
 porting him: let 's run and tread upon tin; corpse, and let the slaves 
 be witness." This was what people whispered of Sejanus. Would 
 you be bowed to as he was, and have his power, and be the guardian 
 of a tyrant, living on a lonely rock, surrounded by astrologers? Of 
 course you like promotion, aiid whv not? But what is rank, if mis- 
 ery be its measure? Which would you rather take, Sejanus's toga 
 or the rags of a country Aedile? He then, you must allow, knew 
 not what he should ask : for he who prayed for too much power did 
 only build himself a tower to fall the farther from. What ruined 
 Crassus, Caesar, and Pompeius ? The rank they sought by every art, 
 and gods too prone to listen to their prayers, 1 ew kings and tyrants 
 die a natural death. 
 
 114-132. Boys pray Minerva for Demosthenes's or Cicero's elo- 
 quence, and yet 't was this that killed them. 'T was genius that lost 
 its head and hands. Small pleaders never dyed the rostra with 
 their blood. Had he writ all as he wrote poetry, then Cicero might 
 have mocked Antonius's swords. I'd rather be the author of his 
 poems than of his famous speech. A cruel death was his, too, who 
 held the reins of the full theatre before admiring Athens, whom with 
 bad omens born his father sent to school from the forge. 
 
 133-167. The spoils of war some count the height of human hap- 
 piness; for this do all great captains rouse themselves. The thirst 
 for fame is greater than for virtue ; for take away her honors who 
 would love her? The glory of a few then, thirsting for epitaphs to 
 be inscribed upon their tomb till the fig splits it, has wrecked their 
 country : tombs themselves must perish. Put Hannibal in the scales ; 
 how many pounds in that great general, whom Africa could not hold t 
 He wins Jlispania, leaps across the Pyrenees, and splits the Alps 
 with vinegar. Now he 's in Italy.; that's not enough ; he counts it 
 nothing till he plants his flag in the streets of Rome. A glorious 
 picture that, the one-eyed captain on his elephant! What was the 
 issue then? O glory ! he himself is beaten, sent into exile, and there 
 sits at the king's door till he be pleased to wake. The soul that 
 shook the world, a ring laid low. Go, fool, and scale the Alps, that 
 boys may learn to wonder and declaim! 168-173. For Bella's boy 
 one world was not enough : its narrow limits were to him as Qyarus 
 or Seriphus: yet when he came to Babylon a coffin satisfied him. 
 Death reveals how small we little men are. 173-187. The credulous 
 believe that Xerxes cut through Athos, and all the lies of Greek 
 historians: he bridged the sea and drank up rivers, flogged the 
 winds, and chained the earth-shaker — how merciful not to have 
 branded him ! Sure any of the gods would have been glad to be his 
 slave! But how did he get back from Salamis? Why, with one 
 ship, through seas choked with the corpses of his men. This was 
 the penalty his glory found. 
 
220 NOTES. 
 
 188-245. " Give me long life, O Jove, and many years ! " So un- 
 abashed and eagerly you pray. But age is full of ills : an ugly face, 
 tough skin, cheeks flabby, wrinkles like a monkey. In youth there 'a 
 some variety, old men are all alike ; with trembling voice and limbs, 
 bald head and running nose, and toothless gums, a burden to them- 
 selves and all about them. His taste is gone of meat and drink ; the 
 finest music gives him no enjoyment. What matter where he sits at 
 the theatre? He cannot hear the very horns and trumpets. His 
 slave must bawl when visitors are announced or when he tells him 
 what 's o'clock. The blood runs cold and scanty in his veins, and it 
 requires a fever to keep him warm. A troop of all diseases dances 
 around him ; so numerous I could sooner reckon Hippia's loVers, 
 Themison's victims, how many villas my old barber has. One has 
 the rheumatism, one the lumbago, one sciatica: this one is blind, 
 that one is fed by others; he would grin once at the sight of dinner, 
 now gapes like a young swallow for his food. But worst of all is 
 dotage that forgets its servants, friends, and children : makes a will 
 and gives its money to a harlot. But though he keeps his senses, he 
 must see his friends all dying round him. This is the penalty of 
 age, to pass its days in mourning for the dead. 246-257. Nestor of 
 course was happy, who lived to be as old almost as the crows. But 
 see him mourning by Antilochus's pyre, asking what crime he had 
 done that he should live so long. See Peleus weeping for Achilles, 
 Laertes for his wandering son. 258-288. Had Priam died before 
 the war of Troy, his sons had carried him to burial with solemn 
 rites and mourning women, his daughters at their head. What did 
 he get by living? He saw all Asia fall by fire and sword, then put 
 his armor on and ran to the altar like an old ox to perish. His 
 death, however, was a man's: his wife survived him and she died a 
 dog. But passing by Pontus's king and Croesus and the lesson 
 Solon gave him, look at Marius, exiled, imprisoned, swamped, and 
 begging bread where he was late a victor. Who had been happier 
 had he breathed his last when he came down from his triumphal 
 chariot? Pompeius had a fever sent him, but the prayers of many 
 towns prevailed, and so his fortune saved him to lose an army and 
 his head. This Lentulus was spared, Cethegus too died whole, and 
 Catilina fell no mangled carcass. 
 
 289-329. Mothers will pray for beauty for their children. Why 
 should they not? Lucretia bids us ask not for form like hers : Vir- 
 ginia would have changed for the hunchback girl. Seldom do 
 chastity and beauty go together: though your child be trained with 
 all simplicity, though nature guard him with a modest mind and 
 blushing face, great risks attend him. " But if he 's chaste, his 
 beauty will not hurt him." Nay, did Hippolytus's virtue profit him, 
 or did Bellerophon's ? 
 
 329-345. How would you counsel Silius, when Messalina had re- 
 solved to marry him ? The best and handsomest, a noble youth, is 
 hurried to his death by the Empress's eyes. The veil is on her head, 
 the portion settled, and the auspices declared. Is it a private busi- 
 ness? No, she must marry as becomes her state. Now make your 
 choice, marry or die before the evening falls ; marry and die when 
 the Prince hears of it. You '11 have a few days' reprieve ; he '11 be 
 
SATIRE X. 221 
 
 the last to learn his own disgrace: so do her bidding. Either way, 
 thy fair neck sutlers for it. 
 
 346-366. Must we then ask for nothing? Leave the gods them- 
 selves to settle what is good for us. They give us what is best, not 
 nleasintest. We ask in the heat of passion for wife or children, and 
 know not what they'll prove. But if you must pray, let it be for 
 health, a healthy body and a healthy mind ; for a stout heart that 
 fears not death, but counts the end of life a gift of nature; able to 
 bear its toils, patient, content, preferring the labors of Hercules to 
 lust and appetite and luxury. This vou may give yourself; a tran- 
 quil life lies in the path of virtue, fortune, thou hast no power, if 
 we have Prudence at our side : 'tis we, 'tis we, make thee a goddess, 
 and* et thee up in heaven. Macleane, with modifications. 
 
 1 sq. Usque Auroram et Gangen. The use of the adverb usque as a 
 preposition is rare, even in the poets. It is generally followed by ad, 
 except before terminal accusatives of the names of towns (as Cic. in 
 Pis. 51 : a Brundisio usque JKomam agmen perpetuum). 
 
 3. Illis multum diversa. A euphemism for vera mala. 
 
 4. Nebula, mist. — Ratione, intelligently, with right understand- 
 ing. 
 
 5. Quid tarn dextro pede concipis, what purpose do you conceive so 
 auspiciously. The expression dextro pede implies a happy approach, 
 — a felicitous coming up to, or starting out for, some object. Porters 
 in Rome used to call out to guests about to enter the house, dextro 
 pede! — The reading of inferior MSS. concupu is a clerical error; 
 and Ribbeck's conjecture conripis is uncalled for. 
 
 5, 6. Ut — peracti, that you do not repent after you have made 
 your attempt and accomplished your wish. Conatus of course gen- 
 itive. 
 
 7. Evertere. The perfect here resembles a gnomic aorist; but it 
 could not be replaced by everttre solent. The English, have over- 
 thrown, very well represents it. In the Greek gnomic aorist the 
 historical element is always a part of the meaning; it is said that 
 something happened in the past, and it is left for the mind to take it 
 as an example of what often or customarily happens. Sometimes 
 our idiom compels us to sink the historical statement in translation, 
 and use our present of a general truth ; but in such cases we lose the 
 vividness and the pictorial character of the original. 
 
 Domos, families. 
 
 Optantibus. Ribbeck read operantibus, with cod. Bernensis 61. 
 T2 
 
222 NOTES. 
 
 8. What is the force of faciles 1 
 Toga = in pace. 
 
 9. Torrens. Cf. iii. 74 : Isaeo torrentior ; x. 127-8. 
 
 10. Sua, his native, his inborn (eloquence). 
 
 Viribus ille confisus. Ille would seem to indicate some one well 
 known. The scholiast says the reference is to Milo of Crotona, the 
 athlete, wedged in the trunk of the tree which he strove to rend, and 
 devoured by wolves. Macleane refers ille to the soldier, as opposed 
 to the orator. Heinrich and Macleane read admirandusgue (11), 
 after a few inferior MSS. 
 
 11. Periit. The last syllable is lengthened here in the arsis, before 
 the caesura. The fact that i in the termination of the perf. 3 sing, 
 was originally long (Lachmann, Fleckeisen, Bitschl, Corssen), ex- 
 plains its frequent occurrence as long in the oldest poets, and, after 
 it had become short, made it easier for the poets of the Augustan 
 age to lengthen it, when metrical considerations urged them. But 
 Juvenal is very ready to lengthen a short syllable in this situation, 
 and needed not the aid of any historical consideration. 
 
 13. Before exuperans (exsuperans) supply tanto, to correspond 
 with quanta (14). Cf. xiii. 31. 
 
 14. Ballaena (balaena). " In Juvenal's time, whales probably 
 came as far south as Great Britain more commonly than they do 
 now." 
 
 15. Temporibus diris, " in the reign of terror." 
 
 16 sq. Longinum clausit = Longini domum, clausit. Cf. Juno 
 regina dedicata est, for fanum Junonis ; Nagelsbach Stilistik § 16. 
 C. Cassius Longinus, a distinguished jurist, was consul and praetor, 
 and a man of wealth. Nero in jealousy, banished him. — The phi- 
 losopher Seneca, the tutor of Nero, was enormously wealthy. The 
 conspiracy of Piso gave the emperor a pretext for putting him to 
 death. He was dining at his villa, four miles from Rome, when the 
 tribune came with the fatal mandate. Tacitus says (Ann. xv. 60) : 
 illo propinqua vespera tribunus venit et villain globis militum sepsit. 
 — The patriotic Plautius Lateranus, consul designatus, also suffered 
 death for complicity in the conspiracy of Piso. 
 
 18. Conors, sc. praetoria. — Varro (L. L. v. 33, 45) shows how ce- 
 naculum came to mean a garret or chamber in the attic : ubi cenabant 
 cenaculum vocitabant; posteaquam in superiore parte cenitare coe- 
 perunt, superioris domus universa cenacula dicta. 
 
 19. Puri, plain ; without any figures or chasing. 
 
 21. Ad lunam, in the moonlight. Cf. Verg. Aen. iv. 513. More 
 
8ATIRE X. 223 
 
 strictly, it is before the moon, in the presence of the moon, and is 
 thus vivid and poetical. — Trepidabis umbras. Cf. viii. 152, note. 
 25. Foro. The bankers' offices were in and about the forum. 
 
 27. Setinum. The favorite vintage in Juvenal's time. Cf. v. 34 ; 
 xiii. 213. 
 
 Ardebit, shall glow ; shall give its color in the cup. I prefer this 
 to Mayor's explanation, which refers the word to the wine's burning 
 the palate. 
 
 28. Jamne. The enclitic -ne is used here, where we should expect 
 nonne, an affirmative answer being called for. So in Greek we find 
 5p« for a/ ob. — Jam = quod cum ita sit. — Laudas. Do you not think 
 it well, — approve the fact. 
 
 29. 30. The laughing philosopher was Democritus of Abdera; the 
 weeper, Heracleitus. — Contrarius auctor, the opposite authority; 
 the teacher of the opposite view. ^^ 
 
 31. Rigidi oensura cachinni, the censure of a hard sardonic laugh. 
 The genitive is specific. Laughter is the kind of censure which 
 Democritus employs. 
 
 34. Urbibus illis. Abdera, Ephesus, and the cities of those days. 
 
 35. The tribunal was a raised platform {0l)t*a, French tribune) in 
 the basilica, on which the praetor and the judices sat when they held 
 their courts of law. 
 
 36 sqq. The Ludi Circenses were preceded by a grand procession 
 in which the praetor rode in a triumphal chariot with all the insignia 
 of a triumph. — The tunica Jovis (called also tunica palmata) was 
 worn only on triumphal occasions. Together with the toga picta (38, 
 39), it was kept in the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus. — Piotae sar- 
 rana aulaea togae, the purple hangings (i. e. cumbrous folds) of the 
 embroidered toga. Pictae, sc. acu. Sarrana, Tyrian, Sarra (Sara) 
 being a name in one of the Greek epics which was ascribed to 
 Homer, and in the early Latin writers (Ennius, Plautus), for Tyre. 
 
 39-42. One of the slaves owned by the state rides in the same 
 chariot as the triumpher, to keep down his pride; this slave holds a 
 heavy golden crown set with jewels. The victor himself wore a 
 crown of laurel. — The praetor is here called consul, from th? orig- 
 inal association of the two names, and because, before the reign of 
 Augustus, it was the consul that presided at the Circensian games. 
 
 43. Da nuno = add now. — Volucrem, the eagle. — Sceptro. Abl. 
 of point of origin or departure. Juvenal omits the preposition (c), 
 as in iii. 271. 
 
 44 gq. Praeoedentia longi agminis officia = praecedentes longo 
 
224 NOTES. 
 
 agmine officiosos, the clients marching before him in long array. 
 Officia, abstract for concrete, as often consilium, conjugium, remi- 
 gium, servitium, and other words. Weidner takes officia for the 
 officials ; but officium is often used of attendance on the great. Cf. 
 iii. 239. — Niveos. White was the color worn on festive occasions. 
 Men wishing to make a good appearance at such times sent their 
 togas to the fulloto have an extra whitening. 
 Ad fre^a, by his bridle ; walking by his horses' heads. 
 
 46. Defossa, buried deep. 
 
 47. Invenit. Sc. Democritus. — Omnis. Accusative plural. 
 
 50. Vervecum in patria, " in the native country of mutton-heads " 
 (blockheads). The people of Abdera were proverbial for dulness. 
 Mart. x. 25 : Abderitanae pectora plebis habes. 
 
 53. Itedium unguem. The middle finger, digitus infamis, the 
 finger of scorn. 
 
 54. Ergo, so then. — Aut vel, or even. — Aut vel is a conjecture'of 
 Doederlein's, adopted by Hermann, Jahn, and Weidner. The MSS. 
 (one excepted, which gives vel alone) read simply aut, thus leaving 
 an hiatus. Among the conjectural readings proposed are aut et and 
 haec aut. Lachmann proposed ergo, supervacua aut ne perniciosa 
 petantur, placing an interrogation mark at the end of verse 55 ; Rib- 
 beck follows Lachmann, placing, however, a colon at the end of line 
 54, and no mark of punctuation after ergo. But considering the fre- 
 quency with which Juvenal uses a short vowel in the arsis before 
 the caesura, and even admits an hiatus there, Kiser may be right in 
 reading with the MSS. simply aut perniciosa. 
 
 55. " For which we deem it right to cover the knees of the gods 
 with the waxen tablets of our vows." The custom alluded to is that 
 of placing in the lap of the statues of the deities supplicated waxen 
 tablets containing vows written out. Madvig proposes the emenda- 
 tion of reading incerate in the imperative, which Jahn adopts; this 
 change requires a period or colon after petuntur. 
 
 56. Subjecta, exposed. 
 
 57. Mergit, sc. eos (the same persons as quosdam). 
 
 57, 58. Honorum pagina, the list of their honors, inscribed on a 
 bronze tablet set up before the busts. 
 
 58-64. Their statues are pulled down and dragged along by ropes ; 
 the triumphal chariots and horses of bronze or marble are broken 
 up; the brazen statues are melted down. 
 
 62. Ingens, as Lewis says, seems to have a double reference to the 
 greatness of Sejanus himself, and the size of his colossal statue. 
 

 SATIRE X. 225 
 
 63. Sejanus, favorite of Tiberius, and practically left to wield the 
 supreme power in Rome, as "the second man in the world," while 
 that tyrant was living in debauchery at Capreae, at last excited ihe 
 emperor's suspicion, and fell suddenly from the height of greatness. 
 Tiberius sent a dispatch to the senate, expressing (with his usual 
 vagueness and indirection) his apprehensions. The senate at once 
 decreed the death of Sejanus, and he was executed the same day. 
 His body was dragged about the streets, and finally thrown into the 
 Tiber. 
 
 65 sq. Ornament the house, and offer sacrifice, as for a festive 
 occasion. — Cretatum. " Either = candidum, or else in allusion to 
 the habit of chalking over any dark spots when an ox white all over 
 could not be found." The scholiast cites here from " Lucretius " 
 (regarded universally as misplaced for Lucilius), Cretatumque bovcm 
 duci ad Capitolia magna. — Unco, the hook by which the bodies of 
 condemned criminals were dragged to the Tiber or the Scalae Gemo- 
 niae. 
 
 67-88. A conversation between two citizens, returning from the 
 execution; one, (who is always the questioner,) curious, anxious, 
 time-serving; the other, (who maybe regarded as expressing the 
 views of the poet himself,) dignified, calm, judicious. 
 
 70. Indicium is the evidence of an accomplice turned informer. — 
 Probavit, sc. Tiberius. 
 
 72. Bene habet, it's all right; that's enough. 
 
 73. Bemi is used by the Roman poets where we should expect 
 Romuliy when metrical considerations demand. — Other readings 
 are tremens {»>) } frcmens ($). 
 
 74. Nortia (perhaps = Nevortia, 'Arpomx, cf. Bergk, Philol. 16, 
 443), an Etruscan deity of Fortune or Destiny. Into the wall of her 
 temple at Volsinii a nail was driven every year; there was a similar 
 custom in the temple of the Capitol ine Jupiter at Rome. 
 
 Tusco, i. e. Sejano. Sejanus was an Etrurian by descent, and born 
 at Volsinii. 
 
 75. Oppressa foret secura, had been caught off its guard. 
 
 77. Ex quo (sc. tempore) suffragia nulli vendimus. With Utter 
 sarcasm, Juvenal speaks of the people's loss of the right of suffrage 
 as the loss of the right of selling their votes. Tiberius, two years 
 after he became emperor, pat an end to the little influence in public 
 allairs which Augustus had left with the people, by transferring the 
 election! from the Comitia to the senate. Neqne populus ademptum 
 jus questus est nisi inani rumore. (Tac. Ami. i. 15.) 
 15 — Juv. 
 
226 NOTES. 
 
 78. Eifudit, sc. turba Remi. — Curas, (public) cares. 
 
 79. Imperium, fasces. Dictatorships, consulships, praetorships. — 
 Legiones. Perhaps the command of armies; or the military tribune- 
 ships, two-thirds of which were assigned in the comitia. 
 
 81. Panem, i. e. the public distribution of bread. Cf. vii. 174. 
 Macleane takes it as simply " bread," the want of all, whether they 
 received the public dole or not. 
 
 82. Magna est fornacula. It can hold many statues besides those 
 of Sejanus. 
 
 83. Brutidius Niger was a distinguished orator and rhetorician in 
 the time of Tiberius. He was probably a partisan of Sejanus, and 
 trembled lest he should share his fate. — The altar of Mars was in 
 the Campus Martius. 
 
 84 sq. " I very much fear lest the baffled Ajax will wreak his 
 vengeance upon him, for his feeble defence." Lewis explains the 
 reference of victus Ajax to Tiberius as follows. " The poet has in 
 his mind the legend of Ajax conquered by Ulysses, and the mad 
 rage which seized on him after his defeat, when he butchered the 
 sheep, thinking they were his enemies. So the speaker is repre- 
 sented as fearing that a similar butchering frenzy will seize Tiberius, 
 whom he compares to Ajax, and, as Ajax was conquered, he affixes 
 the epithet victus to him, without seeming to notice that it does not 
 fit Tiberius. ' I am afraid that we are going to have a repetition of 
 the story of conquered Ajax, — an undiscriminating massacre.' " In 
 like manner Macleane comments on male defensus : u Under the 
 character of Ajax, enraged with the leaders of the army for not tak- 
 ing his part against Ulysses [Sejanus], the man means Tiberius, who 
 in his letter to the senate expressed great alarm, and begged them to 
 send one of the consuls with a guard to conduct him, a poor solitary 
 old man, to their presence. These apprehensions, whether real or 
 pretended, the senate might well fear would be visited on them, and 
 they hastened to remove the cause of them, aud everybody con- 
 nected with him. This is what Niger had to fear." 
 
 Madvig (Opusc. i. 44) proposes a very different explanation. The 
 controversy between Ajax and Ulysses, he says, for the arms of 
 Achilles, was a frequent subject for deciamattones (cf. vii. 115), and 
 had been taken by the rhetorician Brutidius, who espoused the cause 
 of Ajax. The speaker says, jokingly, he fears Ajax is going to 
 exact the penalty of the death of the declaimer, for his frigid de- 
 fense of his cause. Mayor and Anthon follow Madvig. 
 
 87. The testimony of slaves against their masters could be received 
 
SATIRE X. 227 
 
 only in cases of high treason, when they could be examined by tor- 
 ture. (Cod. x. 11, 6.) Tiberius evaded the rule by ordering that the 
 slaves should be purchased by the actor publicus. (Tac. Ann. ii. 30.) 
 
 87. In jus. Augustus made the senate a high court of justice, and 
 gave it the right of taking cognizance of crimes against the state and 
 the person of the emperors. 
 
 88. Cervice obstricta. With a rope about his neck : the common 
 way in which a resisting culprit was taken before a magistrate. 
 
 90. Salutari. To have your morning levees thronged. 
 
 91, 92. Illi, ilium. Like r£ ,,/»>, rdv ii. 
 
 Summas curules, sc. sellas, the highest curule offices, — consul- 
 ships, censorships, praetorsbips, curule aedileships. 
 
 Tutor, guardian. Sejanus was virtually regent at Rome, and for 
 a time had Tiberius completely under his control. 
 
 94. Grege Chaldaeo. Chaldaea was looked upon as the bead- 
 quarters of astrology, magic, and sorcery ; as may be gathered from 
 the book of Daniel. Tiberius was slavishly devoted to the astrol- 
 ogers in his latter years : " superstition and vice are often comrades." 
 
 94 sq. Vis . . . domestica. Variously taken as meaning, Do you 
 wish for yourself promotion (as primipilus centurio, praefectus co- 
 horti, eques egregius, and praefectus praetorio) : Do you wish the 
 power of promoting others to these offices : and Do you wish for 
 javelins, cohorts, a brilliant train of equestrian attendants, and a 
 domestic camp, — i. e. do you wish to be attended by a guard, as Se- 
 janus was. We may translate, witli Weidner, At least you wish to 
 be centurion, tribunus militum, praefectus alae, with equites illustres 
 in your staff, and to have a body-guard at your house ? — Under the 
 republic, equites egregii were such knights as were illustrious for 
 birth, wealth, or fame. Under Augustus they were men of fortune, 
 not necessarily of the equestrian order, to whom he gave the privi- 
 lege of wearing the lat us clavus. 
 
 96. Et, even. 
 
 97 sq. But what glory or prosperity is worth the condition that 
 our sufferings must be proportioned to our success? 
 
 99. Hujus. I. e. of Sejanus. 
 
 100. Fidenae and Gabii,and so (102) Ulubrae (cf. llor.Epp. i. 11, 
 'in , are mentioned as small, unimportant towns. — Potestas, abstract 
 for concrete. Cf. the Italian podesta. 
 
 101. Minora, too small ; below the standard measure. 
 
 102. Vacuis. Cf. Sat. iii. 102. 
 
 103. Quid optandum foret depends upon Sejanum ignorasse. 
 
228 NOTES. 
 
 106. Unde, so that from it. — Altior, from a greater height. 
 
 107. Et . . . ruinae, " and dreadful the headlong descent of the 
 ruin once set in motion." Macleane would translate impulsae, 
 " beaten by the storm," or " struck by the bolt or lightning." Prae- 
 ceps is used substantively. There is no instance of an adjective 
 agreeing with it earlier than Juvenal. 
 
 108. Crassos, Pompeios. Used generically. — Ilium, C. Julius 
 Caesar. The names are those of the so-called first triumvirate. 
 
 109. Domitos deduxit flagra Quirites, tamed the Romans and 
 brought them under his lash. 
 
 110. Locus is the subject ofevertit understood,inreply to the question. 
 
 111. Exaudita, heard too well. (Macleane.) 
 
 112. Who married the daughter of Ceres ? 
 
 113. Sicca, i. e. bloodless. 
 
 115 sq. The Quinquatria, a feast of Minerva, received its name 
 from being originally celebrated on the 19th March, five days after 
 the Ides. It was afterwards extended to the 23d, so as to occupy five 
 days. These were holidays in the schools; on the first of them 
 scholars paid the master the entrance fee, or minerval. — TJno . . . 
 Minervam, pays his court to frugal Science with a single as, i. e. is in 
 the lowest or alphabet class, where the school-fee is the smallest. 
 Minervam — litteras. — Parcam, P and the best editors : pw partam. 
 
 117. A little homebom slave, capsarius, carries the boy's copsa or 
 box of books and paper and pens. 
 
 118. Perit. Perfect tense ; a contracted form not used by writers 
 of the golden age. Kiser makes it present, the final syllable regarded 
 as long in arsi quartipedis by the aid of the caesura (hephthemimeris). 
 
 120. Ingenio. Best taken as dative, and abstract for concrete; 
 genius for man of genius. Otherwise, it would be ablative of cause. 
 
 121. Causidicus is always an inferior term, as compared with 
 orator and patronus. 
 
 122. A line of Cicero's which was much ridiculed on account of 
 the jingle fortunatam natam. Cf. Quintil. ix. 4. A contrary in- 
 stance, where the repetition is, as Lewis says, a great beauty, is in the 
 well-known verse of Terence, Eun. ii. 3, 6 : taedet quotidianarum 
 harum form arum. 
 
 123. Founded on Cicero's own words, Phil. ii. 46 : contempsi Ca- 
 tilinae gladios, non pertimescam tuos. — Contemnere potuit, he really 
 could have scorned. 
 
 126. Volveris a prima quae proxima. A periphrase for the second. 
 This second Philippic cost Cicero his life. 
 
SATIRE X. 229 
 
 Volveria, art unrolled. An allusion to the form of Roman Looks. 
 
 Ilium. Demosthenes. 
 
 128. Theatri. In the time of Demosthenes, the assemblies of the 
 people were frequently held in the theatre of Dionysos. 
 
 129 sqq. Juvenal abuses a poet's license. " The father of Demos- 
 thenes was a man of means, — the proprietor of a sword manufac- 
 tory, it is true ; but not ' a blear-eyed, smutty-faced blacksmith,' as 
 he is here represented as being." The father died when Demosthenes 
 was seven years old. 
 
 133. Trunois, " trunk formed." Trophies were made of arms 
 taken from the enemy and piled up on the trunk of a tree or a 
 wooden frame. 
 
 135. Curtum temone jugum, a war chariot shorn of its pole. 
 
 136. Captivos = captivus. — Arcu. I. e. a triumphal arch. 
 
 137. Humanis majora = peifa 5} *<* r ' avSpumv, superhuman. 
 
 138. Induperator. Cf. Sat. iv. 29, note. 
 
 148. Non capit, oh \upti, does not contain, is not large enough for. 
 
 150. Rursus, again, in another direction. Repeat admota, or 
 supply pertinens. 
 
 152 sq. There is nothing harsh in the sequence of the present on 
 the perfect. The obstacles which nature has placed in his way, are 
 confronting him. 
 
 153. Aceto. Cf. Liv. xxi. 37 ; Plin. H. N. xxiii. 21, 71. 
 
 155. Cf. Lucau. ii. 657 : nil actum credens dum quid superesset 
 agendum. — Fortas, sc. Romae. 
 
 158. Lusoum. Hannibal got ophthalmia and lost one of his eyes 
 in the marshes south of the Po, B. c. 217. Cf. Liv. xxii. 2. 
 
 162. Bithyno tyranno. Prusias, to whom Hannibal betook himself 
 upon leaving Antiochus, king of Syria, whither he had first fled. 
 
 Vigilare, to wake up. 
 
 163. Res humanas miscuit, threw the whole world into confusion. 
 
 Mixcere = avyicvKav. 
 
 166. The Romans sending a demand for the surrender of Hanni- 
 bal, which Prusias was not able to resist, the great Carthaginian took 
 
 f poison, which he carried about with him in his signet ring (anulus). 
 In Cannarum vindex there may be an allusion to the bushels of 
 rings of Roman knights picked up after the battle. 
 
 167. Declamatio, the theme for a declamation or school -exercise. 
 
 168. Alexander was born at Pella. 
 
 171. Babylon is said to have been built of brick cemented with 
 asphalt, 
 y 4. • , U 
 
230 NOTES. 
 
 172. Fatetur, betrays, reveals. Cf. Juv. ii. 17. 
 172-3. Cf. Shakspere, Henry iv. : 
 
 "When that this body did contain a spirit, 
 A kingdom for it was too small a bound ; 
 J But now, two paces of the vilest earth 
 Is room enough." 
 
   ^B 
 
 174. Juvenal now takes Xerxes as his example. Traces of the 
 ship-canal cut to avoid the dangerous promontory of Mount Athos 
 are still visible, although Juvenal treats the story as an invention.— 
 The final syllable of Athos, though short, stands for a long syllable 
 by the aid of the caesural pause. 
 
 175 sq. Constratum . . . mare. This refers to the bridge of boats 
 over the Hellespont. Cf. Lucret. iii. 1029 sqq. — Ribbeck has con- 
 tractum, the reading of P a prima manu. Some MSS. have cum 
 stratum, which Kiaer would adopt. 
 
 176. The punctuation is Riser's. Editors generally put a semi- 
 colon after mare, and no mark after credimus. 
 
 177. Herodotus speaks of several rivers as having been drunk dry 
 by the enormous host of Xerxes. 
 
 178. Prandente, at his lunch. — .Sostratus. An unknown poet, 
 who, it seems, sang of the exploits of Xerxes. — Madidis alis, in his 
 drunken flights (Lewis). Madidis has been explained in three 
 ways: (1) steeped in wine; (2) drooping ; (i. e. his song was feeble); 
 and (3), moist tvith perspiration, in which case alis would be arm- 
 pits, and the reference to the labor and heat of recitation. 
 
 179. Qualis, in what plight. 
 
 180 sq. Xerxes's custom of flogging whatever winds opposed him, 
 making him a harder master than their king Aeolus (cf. Verg. Aen. 
 i. 52 sqq.), may be a playful invention of Juvenal's. 
 
 182. Aeschylus (Pers. v. 745 sqq.) and Herodotus (vii. 35) say that 
 Xerxes chained the Hellespont for breaking his bridge. 
 
 183 sq. This is quite merciful, to be sure, that he did not think him 
 deserving also of being branded. So the MSS. As Herodotus says 
 he had heard a report that Xerxes sent persons to brand the sea, 
 editors have fancied it necessary to alter the text. So Jahn, at the 
 suggestion of Weber, reads mitius id sane, quid f non et stigmate 
 dignum Crediderit ? Hermann and Weidner follow Jahn ; Ribbeck, 
 Mayor, and Macleane follow the MSS. 
 
 185 sq. Juvenal's story of the manner in which Xerxes escaped 
 from Salamis differs from other accounts, but is good for his purpose. 
 
SATIRE X. 231 
 
 189. Recto vultu. I. e. in health ; " with the erect look of health." 
 This seems the best antithesis to pallidas. Heinrich takes the 
 words to mean unabashed, impavidus, understanding pallidas as 
 " pale with anxiety." 
 
 192. Dissimilem sui, unlike its (former) self. Escott compares 
 with this expression the Greek SwaruTtfJot eavT&r yiyvbptwi. 
 
 194. Thabraca (Tabraea) was a town in Numidia, surrounded with 
 jungles which abounded in monkeyjs. 
 
 199. Leve. I. e. bald. — Madidi, drivelling. — Infantia, (second) 
 infancy. 
 
 200. Misero, sc. ei. The so-called dative of the agent. — Gingiva 
 inermi. A gum unarmed is a toothless gum. 
 
 201. Usque adeo gravis, so utterly burdensome is he. — Sibi. 
 Juvenal lengthens the last vowel here in the arsis of the last foot. 
 Cf. xv. 98 (mihi). 
 
 202. Even a persistent fortune-hunter cannot stomach him. 
 204. Partis, organ, sense. 
 
 210. Cantare is used of instrumental as well as of vocal music. 
 
 211. Seleucus must have been some famous singer or musician. 
 
 212. The costume of the citharoedi was the palla (here called 
 lacerna) and the syrma. — Aurata, gold-embroidered. 
 
 214. Horns and trumpets were sounded at the beginning and end 
 of games and plays. Cf. Serv. ad Verg. v. 113. 
 
 216. Nuntiet horas. There were public water-clocks {clepsydrae), 
 as well as sun-dials, at Rome. The wealthy had clocks or dials 
 sometimes at their own houses. A slave watches the timekeeper 
 (public or private), and reports the hours to his master. 
 
 221. Themison, the name of a celebrated physician before Juve- 
 nal's time, is here put for any medical practitioner. Dryden's 
 translation of this line, 
 
 " Or how last fall he raised the weekly bills," 
 
 (i. e. the bills of mortality), is noticeable for its use of a term which 
 has been alleged to be an Americanism. 
 
 228. The connection of the perfect and present here is perfectly 
 natural ; because he has lost his eyes, he is envious of the one-eyed. 
 Cf. Verg. Aen. vi. 747 sq. 
 
 Luscis, one-eyed men. 
 
 238. Phialen. An impure woman. — Artificis oris, of an artful 
 mouth. 
 
 239. Quod steterat, which had been stationed. — Carcere, the cell. 
 
232 NOTES. 
 
 240. Ut, even if. 
 
 242. Plenae sororibus, full of one's sisters' ashes. 
 
 246. RexPylius. Nestor. 
 
 247. A cornice secundae, next after the crow (in longevity). See 
 note on Sat. xiv. 251. 
 
 249. Jam dextra computat annos. I. e. has begun his second cen- 
 tury. Men counted up to one hundred on the left hand, then up to 
 a thousand on the right, then over a thousand on the left again. 
 
 252. Nimio stamine, the too-long thread of his life. — Acris, 
 brave, spirited. 
 
 253. Ardentem. I. e. on the funeral pile. — Ab omni quisquis 
 adest socius = ab omni socio quisquis adest. 
 
 256. Haec eadem Feleus, sc. queritur. 
 
 257. Alius. I. e. Laertes. Alius as in i. 10. — Fas, a natural 
 right. — Ithacum. I. e. Ulysses. — Natantem. Afloat ; at sea. Cf. 
 Propert. iii. 12, 32. The translation "swimming from the wreck" is 
 less suitable. 
 
 259. Assaracus was Priam's great-uncle. 
 
 261. Primos edere planctus. Cassandra is the leader of the dirge. 
 Cf. II. xxiv. 723 sqq. 
 
 265. Dies, when meaning a space of time, and not a literal day, is 
 feminine. Longa dies here has been well translated length of days. 
 
 265 sqq. Cf. Verg. Aen. ii. 506-558, and Cic. Tusc. JJisp. i. 35, 
 85, together with the lines there cited from the Andromache of 
 
 Ennius : 
 
 Haec omnia vidi inflammari, 
 Priamo vi vitam evitari, 
 Jovis aram sanguine turpari. 
 
 267. Curtius (iii. 3, 19) defines tiara, " regium capitis insigne, quod 
 caerulea fascia albo distincta circumibat." 
 
 270. Ab aratro, as fastiditus (" scorned ") attributes feeling and 
 mental action to the plough. 
 
 271 sq. Torva canino latravit rictu, barked savagely with the 
 jaws of a dog. On Hecuba's metamorphosis into a dog, cf. Eurip. 
 Hec. 1265 ; Ov. Met. xiii. 565 sqq. 
 
 272-277. Notice the stabiles spondei, skilfully introduced " ut res 
 tardior atque gravior ad aures veniat." 
 
 272. On the tenses here Simcox remarks, " [the Latin implies,] his 
 wife, who had survived him, lived to bark. We observe this dis- 
 tinction of tenses in telling a new story, but not in alluding, as here, 
 to an old one." 
 
 273. Begem Ponti. I. e. Mithridates VI., not undeservedly called 
 
SATIRE X. 233 
 
 by modern historians the Great, who at last, on the successful insur- 
 rection of his son Pharnaces, took poison, and when it proved in- 
 effectual (cf. xiv. 252, note), compelled one of his Gaulish mercenaries 
 to despatch him with his sword. 
 
 274. What is the story of the visit of Solon to Croesus? (See He- 
 rodotus i. 30-32.) 
 
 275. Spatia ultima, the closing scenes. Literally, the last heats. 
 The competitors in the chariot-races in the circus had to run seven 
 times round the spina, and each course round was called a spatium. 
 
 276-282. Juvenal goes on to speak of C. Marius, to whose conquest 
 of the Cimbri and Teutones (Teutonico, verse 282), and triumph, 
 we have had allusion in viii. 245 sqq. At this triumph Marius was 
 fifty-five. In B. c. 88, when he was in his sixty-ninth year, he was 
 obliged to fly from Rome to escape from Sulla, and in his flight tried 
 to hide himself in a marsh near Minturnae on the Liris. He was 
 caught, and kept in custody for some time, but was allowed to escape 
 by sea, and went to Carthage, as Velleius says (ii. 19), inopemque vitam 
 in tugurio ruinarum Carthaginiensium toleravit. Plutarch {Ma- 
 rius 37-40) has also the story of Marius sitting on the ruins of Car- 
 thage, which may be founded on some commonplace in the declam- 
 atory exercises of the imperial period. The following year, his 
 party having gained temporary success, he returned to Rome, where 
 he made a fearful example of his enemies, but died in January B. c. 
 86, in his seventh consulship. (Macleane and Long.) 
 
 278. Hinc. I. e. from length of life. 
 
 281. Observe the hiatus after pompa. — Macleane's " his full soul " 
 is j>erhaps the best rendering that can be given of animam opimam. 
 ** It seems to involve a reference to the spolia opima, and is partic- 
 ularly suited to a conqueror." 
 
 282. Vellet = tfiiXXiv. When he vms on the point of getting down. 
 283-286. Provida. Foreseeing what was coming upon him. — 
 
 Cicero enlarges on the same thought in regard to Pompey, in Tusc. 
 DUp. i. 35, 86; which passage, as well as the one on. Priam im- 
 mediately preceding, must have been in Juvenal's mind. — His fever 
 ought to have been prayed for, to remove him from impending 
 calamities; but many cities prayed that he might recover, and their 
 prayers prevailed (vicerunt). — Victo (286), sc. ei. Dative of disad- 
 vantage. 
 
 287 sq. Lentulus and Cethegus, fellow-conspirators with Catiline, 
 were strangled in prison by the common executioner. Catiline fell 
 on the field of battle. 
 
 U2 
 
234 NOTES. 
 
 289. Majore, louder. 
 
 291. Usque ad delicias votorum, even to the luxury of vows; even 
 to delighting herself in fancying details of loveliness and vowing 
 offerings for each charm. Various translations of this phrase have 
 been proposed, as even to a foolish fondness in her vows, even to 
 fastidiousness in her prayers, even till she dallies with her prayers, 
 even to caprice in her vows, even to enticements (of the gods) in her 
 vows, etc., etc. — The subject of inquit is not mater, but a supposed 
 objector representing the common opinions, some one. 
 
 294. Rutila is any one with a hump on her back. 
 
 295. Suam, sc.faciem. 
 
 298 sq. Horrida, sternly virtuous; of old-fashioned strictness. For 
 such morals the Sabines were famed. 
 
 300 sq. Modesto sanguine ferventem, glowing with modest blood ; 
 i. e. blushing. 
 
 304. Esse viro, to be a man (in the full sense of that great word). 
 
 325. Hippolytus resisted the advances of Phaedra, who was the 
 daughter of Minos, king of Crete, and so is called Cressa (327). — 
 Grave propositum, his stern resolve. — Bellerophon would not yield 
 to the solicitations x of Stheneboea (327). Anteia is the name gener- 
 ally given, instead of Stheneboea. 
 
 326. Haec. I. e. Phaedra. 
 
 Repulsa (pw Riser , when refused. Heinrich, Jahn, and Ribbeck, 
 read repulso, after P Ss. M. Haupt would read hac for haec, {hac . . . 
 repulsa.) Riser would omit the pronoun altogether, making Sthene- 
 boea the subject of erubuit. If repulso is read, it must be taken, as 
 Heinrich says, as " an ablative absolute of the participle, = quum 
 accidisset repulsa. Cf. Gronov. ad Liv. i. 41. Perizon. ad Sanct. p. 
 574 ed. Scheid." 
 
 ^327 sq. Se concussere. "Aroused themselves to vengeance" is 
 the stock translation here. Comparing Verg. Aen. vii. 338 and Ov. 
 Met. iii. 726 and iv. 473, we find a better interpretation, were excited 
 to madness. So Heinrich, Macleane, Weidner. 
 
 329 sqq. Elige . . . destinat. " Choose what advice should be 
 given to him whom Caesar's wife resolves to marry." C. Silius (op- 
 timus . . . patriciae) was a handsome youth whom the Empress 
 Messalina fell in love with and married publicly during the absence 
 from Rome of her husband Claudius. The latter remained ignorant 
 of the whole affair till it was revealed to him by his freedman Nar- 
 cissus, whereupon Silius and Messalina, with many others, were put 
 to death. 
 

 SATIRE X. 235 
 
 334. Tyrius. I. e. covered with purple spreads. — Genialis, sc. 
 lectus or torus. — In hortis, sc. Lueulli. Cf. Tac. Ann. xi. 37. 
 
 335. A dowry will be given after the old custom ; a dowry amount- 
 ing to a million sesterces. This seems to have been the usual dowry 
 among the upper classes, like £10,000 with the English. Cf. Lips, 
 ad Tac. Ann. ii. 86 ; Sen. ( 'onko/. ad Helv. 12.— For et Kiser suggests 
 the emendation ex, to accord with Juvenal's frequent practice, in a 
 sentence of four members, to connect the first two by a conjunction, 
 and add the second two without a copula. In this instance the 
 change to asyndeton would neatly concur with'the change in tense. 
 
 336. The signatores were witnesses to the marriage-contract. — 
 The auspices attended at weddings, though the practice of taking 
 auspicia had been given up. Val. Max. ii. 1, 1. 
 
 345. " Decapitation and strangling were the common way of exe- 
 cuting criminals, except the lowest and slaves, who were crucified." 
 
 347. Permittes, you will leave it. Cf. Hor. Carm. i. 9, 9 : per- 
 mitte divis cetera. 
 
 354. TJt tamen et poscas aliquid, if, however, you must e'en ask 
 for something. Et is used for emphasis, as the Greeks sometimes 
 Kai. — Another translation is possible : That, however, you may e'en 
 ask for something, and make your little offering to the gods, pray 
 etc. With the ancients, prayer was inseparable from offering. — Sa- 
 cellis " means the chapel in every man's house, in which were 
 images of the Lares, to whom the offering of a pig was common 
 (Hor. Carm. iii. 23, 4)." 
 
 355. Divina, dear to the gods. — Tomacula (ripvw), cut pieces of 
 flesh, to be burnt on the altar. Conington (on Pers. ii. 30) remarks 
 that the details in this line are mentioned contemptuously, and com- 
 pares xiii. 117 sq. 
 
 358. Inter munera naturae. " And counts it nature's privilege to 
 die." (Dryden.) Weidner, very differently, translating spalium vitae 
 extremnm " the farthest bounds of life," considers the especially kind 
 gift of nature to be length of days. 
 
 362. Pluma. Beds of down. 
 
 365. Habes. So most MSS. and recent editors; but P has *abest, 
 and the line is quoted with abest by Lactantius. Hermann and 
 Macleane read abest. I have modified 'Macleane's Argument (p. 221) 
 to bring out the true meaning. — Numen, as often, is divine power. — 
 Prudentia is moral prudence; involving forethought. 
 
 363-366: "Man is his own star, and the soul that can 
 Render an honest and a perfect man 
 Commands all light, all influence, all fate." — John Fletcher. 
 
SATIRE XL 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-20. If Atticus lives well, he 's reckoned generous ; if Rutilus, a 
 madman. All men laugh to see a pauper epicure, and so all talk of 
 Rutilus. He's young and stout enough for the wars, and yet, he is 
 impelled (the prince consenting) to train for the arena. There's 
 many a man who lives but for his palate, for whom his creditor looks 
 out at the entrance of the market. The poorest live the best, just 
 on the verge of bankruptcy. Meanwhile they search the elements 
 for dainties, regardless of the price, or in their hearts preferring 
 what is dearest. For men so reckless it is not hard to get the money. 
 They'll sell their dishes or their mother's image, to season for four 
 hundred sesterces a glutton's crockery. 'Tis thus they come to 
 gladiator's fare. 
 
 21-55. That, then, which riches make respectable is wanton lux- 
 ury in the poor. The man of learning who knows not the difference 
 between a cash chest and a little purse, I do well to despise. That 
 rule came down from heaven, "Know thyself." Remember it 
 when you think of marrying or entering the Senate (Thersites did 
 not seek Achilles' armor in which Ulysses made a doubtful figure) ; 
 or if you aim at pleading some great cause, think who you are, 
 whether a mighty speaker or mere mouther. In great things or in 
 small, a man should know his own measure. Buy not a mullet if 
 your purse will go no further than a gudgeon. What can you come 
 to, if your appetite grows larger as your purse grows emptier; when 
 all you have is buried in your belly ? The ring goes last, and Pollio 
 with bare finger begs. Wantonness fears not early death, but age 
 much worse than death. The steps are these. Money is borrowed 
 first, and spent at Rome ; but when the usurer begins to trouble 
 them, then off they go to Baiae and the oysters. To run away from 
 the forum is no worse than from Subura to migrate to Esquiliae : they 
 only care that they must lose the games : they never think of blush- 
 ing : Modesty is laughed at as she flies the town, and few men care 
 to stay her. 
 
 56-129. To-day, my friend, you '11 see whether I practise the fine 
 things I preach, or praise plain fare but call for rich. You '11 find 
 in me Evander as the host, you shall be Hercules or Aeneas. Now 
 
 236 
 
SATIRE XI. 237 
 
 listen to your dinner. A young kid from my farm, and wild herbs 
 gathered by my gardener's wife; fresh eggs warm in the nest, and 
 hens that laid them ; grapes fresh as when plucked ; the finest pears 
 lad apples, the crude juice dried from out them. Such was the dinner 
 of our senators when first they grew luxurious. The herbs he gathered 
 in his little garden, such as a ditcher now turns up his nose at, Curius 
 would boil with his own hand. The flitch hung up to dry in former 
 times they kept for holidays, and lard for birthdays for their blood re- 
 lations, and part of the victim's meat. The great man who had thrice 
 been consul, dictator too, went to such feasts stalking along with spade 
 upon his shoulder. In the strict Censor's days no one would ask what 
 sort of turtles might be found in the sea, to ornament the rich man's 
 couch : they were content with a rude ass's head. Their food and 
 house and furniture were plain alike. Unskilled in art, the cups 
 they got for plunder the soldiers broke to ornament their harness or 
 their helmets. The only silver that they had adorned their arms. 
 Their homely fare was served in earthen-ware. If you're inclined 
 to envy, you might envy those good times. The gods were nearer 
 unto men ; they warned the city of the Gauls' approach, such care 
 for Rome had Jupiter when made of clay. The tables then were made 
 of home-grown wood. But now the richest viands have no flavor 
 except on a round table with a carved ivory stem ; a silver one to 
 rich men is rude as an iron ring upon the finger. 
 
 129-182. I '11 have no guest, then, who despises poverty. I have 
 not an ounce of ivory in all my house; the very handles of my 
 knives are bone; and yet they do not spoil the meat, or cut the 
 worse for that. And I've no carver taught by first-rate artist, who 
 teaches them to cut up all fine dishes. My man's a novice too, and 
 cannot filch except in a small way, a chop or so. I 've only a rough 
 boy in woollen clothes to offer you my vulgar herbs, no eastern 
 bought for a vast price from dealers. Whatever you may ask for 
 ask in Latin. They all are dressed alike, their hair cropped straight, 
 combed out to-day in honor of my guest ; boys from the farm, modest 
 as those should be who wear the purple. One shall bring you wine 
 grown on his native hills. And for our sports, we'll read what 
 Homer wrote and his peer Maro. It matters not what voice recites 
 such verses. 
 
 183-208. Rut come, put care away and take a rest. We'll have 
 no word of debts or jealous thoughts; before my door you must put 
 off all this, home and its troubles, slaves and their breakages, and, 
 worse than all, the ingratitude of friends. The great Idaean games 
 art' going on. The praetor, victim of his horses, sits as a conqueror 
 in triumph ; all Rome (the multitude must pardon me) has poured 
 into the Circus, and by that shout 1 know that Green has won the 
 day. For had it not, you might have seen the city all in mourning ason 
 that day of ( 'annae. Let boys go look at games, boys who can shout 
 and bet and sit by girls they love. Let my shrunk skin drink in 
 the sun, and put the toga off. To-day, an hour ere noon, you may go 
 to bathe: you must not do so every day of the six, for even such a 
 life as that would pall. Pleasures are sweeter for uiifrequent use. — 
 Maclean e, with modifications. 
 
238 NOTES. 
 
 1-3. Atticus is used here for any rich man, and Rutilus for one 
 who has beggared himself. T. Pomponius Atticus, the friend of 
 Cicero, was very wealthy, and his name may have become proverbial. 
 Apicius was a noted gourmand. Pauper Apicius, a poor Apicius.— 
 Eximie = prae aliis. 
 
 4. Convictus = convivium. Omnis convictus, every dinner-table. 
 
 — " Around the thermae, or public baths, there were promenades 
 and spaces, called scholae, where people were in the habit of sitting, 
 walking about, and gossiping." — Statio, in post-Augustan use, is 
 any place of public resort. 
 
 5. De Rutilo, sc. loquuntur. — Juvenalis implies validus ; juveni- 
 lis is allied to IZvis and temerarius. 
 
 6. Galeae, sc. ferendae. — Ardent. So Jahn, Ribbeck, Hermann, 
 on the conjecture of C. Barth and others. Most MSS. ardens ; two 
 give ardenti and one ardentis. Weidner ardet, after Guietus. 
 
 7. The tribunus plebis appears to have had some kind of judicial 
 authority, a cognitio extraordinaria, under the empire. The tribune 
 here is the emperor himself. — Prohibente = intercedente, interfer- 
 ing to stop it. 
 
 8. To sign the bond and take the oath, such as a tyrant imposes, 
 of the trainer of gladiators. — Verba scribere suggests verba praeire. 
 Upon entering the service, the gladiators swore uri, vinciri, verberari, 
 ferrogue necari, and to suffer whatever else tbe trainer commanded, 
 
 — truly regia verba, from the mouth of the trainer who imposes them 
 as the oath. — Many commentators understand scribere here simply 
 of writing out the rules etc., in order to learn them by heart. 
 
 12. Egregius. An unusual comparative form, from the adverb 
 egregie. — Egregius meliusque, sc. ceteris. Or, as Heinrich says, 
 the sense is : quo quisque horum miserior est et citius casurus, eo me- 
 lius cenat. 
 
 13. Casurus. I. e. about to become bankrupt. — Perlucente ruina. 
 A metaphor from the daylight shining through the cracks in a 
 ruined house. 
 
 14. Interea. I. e. before the final crash. — Gustus, dainties; not 
 necessarily the relishes eaten at the promulsis, or preliminary course, 
 to whet the appetite. (Hor. Sat. ii. 8, 7 sqq.) They were sought 
 elementa per omnia, from water, air, and earth, fish, fowl, and vege- 
 tables. 
 
 15. Animo, their fancy. 
 
 17. Perituram arcessere summam, " to fetch the money which 
 they are bent on throwing away." 
 
SATIRE XI. 239 
 
 18. By pawning their plate, or the broken statue of a mother. — 
 Imagine, a silver statuette or bust. 
 
 19. Nummis. Sesterces {not sestertia). — Condire gulosum fictile, 
 to season a savory dish on earthenware ; i. e. to compound some rich 
 and luxurious viand, which he has to serve up in earthen-ware, as 
 all his silver is pawned. 
 
 20. Sic, i. e. by such extravagance. —Ad miscellanea ludi, to the 
 hodge-podge served in the gladiatorial school. 
 
 21. Ergo, as I said; (going back to verse 1.) — Nam, in every 
 other case in Juvenal, is found at the beginning of the sentence; 
 similar inversions of nam are found in Catullus, Virgil, and Horace. 
 
 22. Ventidius is put here for any man of wealth. — Kiaer puts a 
 semicolon after nomen, and finds the subject of sumit and trahit (23) 
 implied in quis haec eadem paret (21). 
 
 25 sq. Hie tamen idem ignoret —   si tamen idem ignoret. 
 
 26. Ferrata area. Cf. i. 90, note. 
 
 31. Se transducebat, made but a sorry figure ; exposed himself to 
 ridicule. 
 
 34. Two windbags are mentioned. On Matho, cf. i. 32; vii. 129. 
 
 38. Crumina (crumena). So the best editors, except Jahn, who has 
 culina, after two French MSS. and a doubtful reading in P. 
 
 41. Argentum grave is heavy plate; massive articles of solid 
 silver. 
 
 42. Exire a domino is allied to the juristic expression on inscrip- 
 tions and in the digests, exire de nomine fainiliae, as said e. g. of a 
 sepulchral monument, peto non fundus de familia exeat, or ut fun- 
 das de nomine vestro numquam exeat, etc. On exire with a cf. Cic. 
 Vert. ii. 60 : ad istum non modo illos nummos, qui per simulationem 
 ab isto exierant, revertisse, etc. (Weidner.) 
 
 43. Anulus. The badge of equestrian or senatorial rank. 
 
 44. Acerbum, untimely ; from its meaning, unripe. 
 
 45. Luxuriae. The so called "dative of the agent." — Kiser would 
 place lines 42 and 43 after lines 44 and 45 ; and I agree with him. 
 
 47. Dominis. 1. e. the money-lenders. 
 
 49. Qui vertere solum, they who have made off; literally, they 
 who have shifted their quarters. 
 
 50. Cedere foro, " to abscond from 'change," or to become bank- 
 rupt. 
 
 Deterius, more disgraceful ; more discreditable. 
 
 51. Ferventi, bustling, noisy; the Esquiline was quiet. Some 
 translate ferventi here hot; the Esquiline was cool and healthy. 
 
240 NOTES. 
 
 53. Anno uno. The ablative of duration of time is very rare in the 
 golden age, but more frequent afterwards. 
 
 54. Sanguinis non gutta, no flush of shame, no blush from a 
 sense of honor. — Haeret, remains. — Morantur, seek to detain. 
 
 55. Et fugientem. So Jahn, Hermann, Ribbeck, Weidner, after 
 gs Priscian. Other readings are effugientem (Pw), fugientem (s). 
 
 57. Persicus is some unknown friend of the poet's. — Vita vel 
 moribus et re, in my life, that is my character and actions. Vel, or 
 if you please to say, offers a choice of expressions. Jahn and Rib- 
 beck give nee (adgi), but vel (pw. In P the word is erased) is better. 
 
 58. Si. So Jahn, Ribbeck, Weidner, after S and one MS. Pw, 
 sed, and so Hermann. 
 
 59. Puero = servo. — Dictare for imperare belongs to the later 
 Latin. 
 
 60 sqq. Habebis Euandrum. You shall have in me a host as sim- 
 ple and frugal as Evander. — Tyrinthius. Cf. Verg. Aen. viii. 362 
 sq. — Minor .... caelum. The reference is to Aeneas, the son of a 
 goddess, though inferior to Hercules. Cf. Verg. Aen. viii. 102 sqq. 
 
 63. Aeneas, according to one legend, was drowned in the Nunii- 
 cius ; Hercules was burned on Mount Oeta. 
 
 64. Nullis ornata macellis, furnished by no markets. 
 
 65. It would appear from this that Juvenal had an estate near 
 Tibur. 
 
 69. Asparagi. Cf. v. 82. The term includes several herbs besides 
 the one we know by that name. 
 
 70. Torto calentia foeno. The eggs were wrapped up warm in the 
 hay in which they were laid. 
 
 72. Parte anni. About half a year, as (according to verse 193) the 
 dinner is given in April. The ablative resembles anno uno (53). 
 
 73 sq. The Syrian pear, a kind of bergamot, is placed by Pliny 
 next to the Crustumian, which he calls best of all. The pears from 
 Signia (inLatium) were of a reddish color, and thought particularly 
 wholesome (Cels. ii. 24). The apples of Picenum were celebrated; 
 cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 272 ; ii. 4, 70. 
 
 75 sq. Siccatum .... succi, now that they have put away their 
 autumn (crudeness), dried out by the frost, and the perils of their 
 unripe juice. 
 
 77. Jam luxuriosa, when it had grown to be luxurious; even a 
 luxurious (dinner;. 
 
 78. M. Curius Dentatus, the conqueror of Pyrrhus, often served 
 the Roman poets as a pattern of the good old times. 
 
SATIRE XI. 241 
 
 80. The fossor here is a fettered slave from the ergastulum (see 
 viii. 180, note), set to work in the fields. 
 
 81. Vulva. The matrix of a pregnant sow was regarded as a great 
 luxury. 
 
 82. Kara pendentia crate, hanging from the wide-barred frame 
 among the rafters. 
 
 85. All but the legs and entrails of a victim were eaten. 
 
 88. Solito maturius, earlier than his wont. 
 
 89. Domito a monte, from the hill where he had been digging. 
 Domare is used of subduing the earth by ploughing, digging, etc. 
 
 90-91. Autem, moreover. — The proper names represent censors of 
 the old time. — Postremo. So P, and Jahn, Hermann, Ribbeck, 
 Weidner. The MSS. other than P, rigidique. 
 
 92. The allusion is to C. Claudius Nero and M. Livius Salinator, 
 colleagues in the censorship B. C. 204. For the story, see Liv. xxix. 
 37 and Val. Max. ii. 9, 6. — Riser would place a period at the end 
 of this verse, and a comma at the end of verse 89. 
 
 95. Fulcrum, couch-foot. 
 
 96 sq. Nudo . . . aselli, on small couches with bare sides a front of 
 bronze displayed the rude head of a little donkey crowned with a 
 garland. 
 
 98. Ad quod lascivi ludebant ruris alumni, by which (i. e. near 
 which) the sportive sons of the country (i. e. the farmers, the rustics) 
 made merry. Though the furniture was rude and the fare simple, 
 the rural guests amused themselves and were happy. — Riser has ex- 
 ploded the old notion that the allusion here is to boys' " poking fun " 
 at the head of the donkey. 
 
 101. In parte. I. e. in his share. 
 
 103. Ut, etc. He broke them up in order to make trappings for his 
 horse, and an embossed helmet for himself. 
 
 104 sq. Ferae, i. e. the she wolf. — The twin Quirini are Romu- 
 lus and Remus. Compare the name Castores applied to Castor and 
 Pollux. — Sub rupe. Like Virgil's in antro ( Aen. viii. 630). 
 
 106 sq. Venientis dei. Mars coming to visit the twins. — Penden- 
 tis. Hanging in the air, (not yet having alighted.) 
 
 108. Tusco. I. e. of earthen-ware, which Etruria produced in great 
 quantity. 
 
 Ill sq. Vox. Livy (v. 32) and Cicero (de Divin. i. 45; ii. 32) tell 
 the story of one who heard a voice louder than that of man in the dead 
 of night, near the temple of Vesta, ordering him to report to the magis- 
 trates that the Gauls were coming (about B. c. 390). — Audita, sc. est. 
 16 — Juv. V 
 
242 NOTES. 
 
 114. His. I. e. hac voce et hujusmodi signis. 
 116. The earthen-ware images of the gods came from Etruria. — 
 Violatus, wronged; as if it were an insult to gild him. Cf. iii. 20. 
 
 121. Dama, the gazelle. 
 
 122. Orbes. Round tables, of costly material, supported by a single 
 foot. Cf. i. 137. 
 
 123. The ivory table-leg is carved in the form of a leopard ram- 
 pant. 
 
 124. Porta. Either gate, because the traffic of Aethiopia passed 
 through Syene, a frontier town, or pass, because the valley of the 
 Nile is greatly narrowed below Syene. 
 
 125. Obscurior, darker, " of duskier hue." 
 
 127. The elephant changes its tusks only once in its life ; and not 
 then, as Juvenal says, because they have grown " too large and bur- 
 densome for his head." 
 
 131. Adeo nulla, etc. " I have actually not an ounce of ivory." 
 
 132. Nee, not even. — Tessellae, dice, of six sides. — Calculus. A 
 counter used in a game resembling draughts. 
 
 136. Structor. Cf. v. 120, note. 
 
 137. Pergula, (carving-) school. — Aput quem, at whose house. 
 
 138. Sumine. The breast of a sow, before stie had been suckled, 
 was a great delicacy with the Romans. — " The boar was commonly 
 the chief dish (caput cenae) of a large dinner, and served whole." 
 
 139. Sythicae volucres. I. e. pheasants, Phasianae aves. 
 
 140 sq. Oryx. An African wild-goat, with one horn. (Plin. H. N. 
 viii. 53.) — Lautissima ulmea cena, " a most dainty supper made of 
 elm." Wooden models were used in the carving-schools to practise 
 upon, the parts being slightly fastened together, so that they could 
 be separated with a blunt knife. The clatter the pupils made with 
 them, says Juvenal, resounded over the whole Subura, — in which 
 quarter of the city we must place Trypherus's school. 
 
 142-144. Afrae avis. The guinea-fowl. — Noster, sc. puer. " My 
 young attendant, a mere novice, has not the chance of making off 
 with the remains of costly delicacies. He knows nothing of the 
 dainties served up at great houses and the ways of the servants there. 
 At most, his peccadilloes consist in clearing off some scraps of 
 steaks or chops." — Eudis omni tempore, " untutored all his days." 
 — Et, and (only). 
 
 146. A frigore tutus. Warmly, but coarsely clothed ; not rustling 
 in silks, like a dainty page in a great house. 
 
 148. Magno, sc. pretio. — Latino. He does not know Greek. 
 
SATIRE XI. 243 
 
 155. Quos ardens purpura vestit. Those who- wear the toga prae- 
 texta, — (boys born of free parents.) 
 
 180 sq. Cantare = recitare. A reader (avayvtAorrif) was employed 
 at refined entertainments. — Dubiam palmam. The comparative 
 merits of Homer and Virgil were much discussed at Rome. 
 
 182. Such poetry commends itself, even if poorly read. 
 
 193. At the festival of the Magna Mater, the Idaean Mother, which 
 rras held in April, there were ludi circenses as well as ludi scaenici. 
 The praetor gave the signal for the beginning of the chariot-races 
 with a kind of banner. 
 
 194. Colunt, sc. cives. — Similis triumpho. The praetor went to 
 these games in procession and presided in state, as at the Ludi Cir- 
 censes (x. 36, note). 
 
 195. Praeda caballorum. The caballi are the horses, now worn out, 
 that have won the race. The praetor is a prey to them, or their vic- 
 tim, because he had to provide from his own means the sum needed 
 for the prizes in addition to the sum furnished by the state. — Pace, 
 by the leave. 
 
 198. Viridis panni. Cf. vii. 114, note. 
 
 200. Livy (xxii. 43, 46) says that at the battle of Cannae a wind 
 arose, blowing the dust in the face of the Romans and blinding them. 
 202. Cultae, well-dressed. 
 
 204. At the games spectators were obliged to wear the toga, the 
 dress-coat of the Romans. 
 
 205. You may go to the bath at 11 o'clock. The usual hour was 
 from 2 to 3. — Salva fronte, without shame. Frons as the seat of 
 modesty. 
 
SATIRE XIII. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-22. Bad acts displease the doers. Conscience convicts them., 
 though the praetor's urn be false. All your friends feel with you ; 
 you are not so poor that you should sink with such a loss; besides, 
 the case is common, one out of fortune's heap. Put off excessive 
 grief; the sorrow of a man should not blaze up too high, the pain 
 should not be greater than the wound. A trifle, a mere scrap of ill 
 you scarce can bear, and all your entrails burn because a friend will 
 not give up a deposit : and you a man of sixty ! Has not experi- 
 ence taught you ? Wisdom is great, mistress of fortune : those we 
 count happy, too, whom life has taught to bear the yoke of life. 
 
 23-33. No day so holy but it puts forth thieves and liars. The 
 good are rare, not more in number than gates of Thebes or mouths 
 of Nile. We live in the ninth age, an age so bad no metal is so base 
 that it should give it name. And yet we call upon the faith of gods 
 and men, as loudly as the clients of Faesidius when he pleads ! 
 
 33-70. Say, art thou in thy second childhood, that thou knowest 
 not the charms of other people's money, or how they laugh at thy 
 simplicity in expecting that any man should not forswear himself or 
 should think that fanes and altars have their gods? The natives in 
 the golden age thought so, before the skies were filled so full of gods 
 and hell so full of victims. Then was dishonesty a prodigy. 'T was 
 a great crime if youth rose not to age, yea children to their seniors 
 by four years. But now, if friends should not deny a trust but pay 
 it back entire, it is more wonderful than all the prodigies that ever 
 were ; an honest man is a lusus naturae. 
 
 71-85. Complain that you've been impiously cheated of ten ses- 
 tertia! What if I tell of one who 's lost two hundred, and another 
 more than he can cram into his chest? 'Tis easy to despise the 
 witness of the gods, if human there be noae. See with what voice 
 and face the man denies it. He swears by all the gods and goddesses, 
 their bows, spears, tridents, all the armory of heaven : yea, he will 
 offer to boil his son and eat him pickled, if he be a father. 
 
 86-119. Some say 'chance governs all things, nature rules the 
 world,' and so they fearless go to any^altar. Others believe in gods 
 and punishments, but argue thus : "Xet^hern do with my body what 
 
 244 
 
SATIliE XIII. 245 
 
 they will, and strike rue blind, so that I keep my gains. We may 
 bear all for that. Let even a Ladas not hesitate, if he be poor, to 
 pray for the rich man's gout, unless he be insane. The racer's 
 Darren crown, what does he get by that? The gods may punish, 
 but they punish slow: my turn will not be yet; besides, it may be 
 they will pardon me; the fault is venial. It's all a chance, one 
 gains a cross by his crimes and one a crown." 'T is thus they quiet 
 conscience, put a bold face upon it, go to the altar of their own accord, 
 abuse or beat you for mistrusting them, and get believed for their 
 audacity. And so they act their- farce, while you cry out with voice 
 like Stentor or like Mars, " Jove, hearest thou in silence? Why do 
 we bring thee sacrifice and incense ? As far as I. can see, your images 
 are no better than the statues of Vagellius." 
 
 120-161. Now take such comfort as you may from one unread in 
 all philosophy. Patients in danger may consult great doctors, do 
 you submit to an humbler. If you can prove there never was a crime 
 so bad in all the world, I hold my peace, mourn as you will ; I know 
 the loss of money is greater grief than loss of kindred ; in its MM 
 mourning is not feigned, the tears are real. But if it 's everywhere 
 the same that men deny their hand and seal, are you, fine gentleman, 
 to be excepted? How do you make yourself the chick of a fine bird 
 and us the produce of an humble nest? It's but a small thing after 
 all if you compare it with the greater crimes, the hired assassin, the 
 incendiary, the sacrilegious robber who plunders temples, or the 
 petty thief who scrapes the gold from statues ; the poisoner, the par- 
 ricide. How small a part is this of all the crimes the praefect listens 
 to from morn till night! His court alone will teach you what men 
 are. Spend a few days there, and talk about your misery if you dare. 
 162-173. None wonder at swelled throats in the Alps, or blue eyes 
 and curly hair in Germany, because the people are all the same. So 
 no one in the land of the pygmies laughs at their battles with the 
 cranes, though they are only a foot high. 
 
 174-192. ''But must not perjury and fraud be punished? " Sup- 
 pose him carried off and put to death, your loss is still the same, and 
 all you get is odium and a drop of blood shed from a headless corpse. 
 " On ! but revenge is pleasanter than life." This is fool's language, 
 who flare up for nothing, Chrysippus, Thales, would not say so, nor 
 Socrates, who would not share his cup of poison with his enemy. 
 Philosophy corrects our faults of nature and of practice : she first 
 taught us right from wrong, for only little minds care for revenge, as 
 you may see from women's love of it. 
 
 192-235. But why think they escape, whom conscience whips? 
 Their punishment is worse than any down in hell, who night and 
 day carry their witness with them. The Spartan once tempted the 
 oracle and got his answer, which the event established, for he and 
 all his house, though old, have perished. Such was the penalty of 
 even a bad desire. For he who thinks to do an evil deed incurs the 
 guilt, as if he'd done the deed. What if the man has carried out his 
 purpose? Ceaseless anxiety haunts him at meals, parched mouth, 
 contracted brow; bad dreams, through which the altars he has sworn 
 by pass, and your tall ghost, most terrible of all, that drives him to 
 confession. 'T is these who tremble at the storm and think each bolt 
 
 V2 
 
246 NOTES. 
 
 a messenger of wrath. If one storm passes, then they fear the next, 
 and tremble at the calm that goes before it. Every disease they 
 count a stone or dart from heaven. They dare not sacrifice in sick- 
 ness ; what can the guilty hope for? What victim is not worthier to 
 live than they ? 236-249. The wicked commonly are changeable ; 
 they are firm enough while they're engaged in crime; when it is 
 done,4hey learn the difference between right and wrong. Yet nature 
 will go back to its old ways. Who ever puts a limit to his guilt? 
 Who ever got back modesty once lost? Who is contented with a 
 single crime? He will be caught some day and pay for it by death 
 or banishment. You shall be happy in the sufferings of him you 
 hate, and shall confess at last the gods are neither deaf nor blind. 
 Maclean e, with modifications. 
 
 1. Exemplo malo. Ablative of quality, used predicatively : quod- 
 cumque ita committitur utmalo sit exemplo. Cf. Nag. Stil. % 9, 1. 
 
 3. Absolvo was the legal word for acquittal. Three tablets were 
 given each judex, on one of which was written A (= absolvo), on 
 another C (= condemno), and on a third N. L. (= non liquet, " not 
 proven"). — Racine expresses the same sentiment as Juvenal : 
 
 "De ses remords secrets triste et lente victime, 
 Jamais un criminel ne s'absout de son crime." 
 
 4. In criminal trials a praetor usually presided. Urna is either 
 the urn into which the names of the judices, who were to be irn- 
 pannelled, were placed, or that into which the judices threw their 
 votes. Either could be called the praetor's urn, inasmuch as he drew 
 the lots in the first place and counted the votes in the second ; and 
 in the performance of either of these duties he might betray his 
 trust. 
 
 5. Juvenal writes this satire to a friend of his, whom he calls Cal- 
 vinus, who is in a state of great excitement about a fraud practised 
 upon him by a man to whom he had given in trust a sum of money, 
 and who had denied the trust on oath. 
 
 6. Sed, and besides. 
 
 13. Quamvis levium, " be they as light as they will." 
 17. There was a C. Fonteius Capito who was consul A. D. 59 with 
 C. Vipsanius Apronianus. There was another consul Fonteius Ca- 
 pito A. D. 67 ; and as he is named first of the two consuls of his year, 
 and it was the custom to use the name of the first of the consuls 
 in designating dates, many scholars think that he is the one here 
 
SATIRE XIII. 247 
 
 referred to. This supposition brings the date of this satire as far down 
 as A. D. 127. 
 
 20. Sapientia, philosophy. «. 
 
 22. Jactare jugum. The opposite of Horace's ferre jugum. 
 
 25. Puxide = pyxide. Here for poison; the container for the 
 thing contained. 
 
 27. Baeotian Thebes had seven gates, the Nile seven mouths. 
 
 28. 1 read nona, with most of the MSS., as do Hermann, Mayor, 
 and Macleane. P has nunc, which Jahn, Ribbeck, and Weidner 
 adopt. The division of the ages of the world into the golden, silver, 
 bronze, and iron is well known. Juvenal says we have got down in 
 the descending scale as far as the ninth age, for which nature her- 
 self has found no name nor any metal base enough to designate it. 
 Xinth may be simply a humorous taking of a low number, or may 
 involve an allusion to the Etruscan notion of ten ages, in which the 
 last but one indicates the lowest degradation before the restoration 
 of primitive innocence in the tenth. 
 
 31. Clamore, sc. tanto. 
 
 32 sq. Faesidius is an advocate, whose clientes, bribed by the spor- 
 tula, come into court and applaud him loudly. Vocalis sportula is 
 bold metonymy for the partakers of the dole: Heinrich translates, 
 die br'ullenden Converts ; Weidner, die briillende Tisch. 
 
 33. Senior. This comparative has a diminutive force, and is used 
 familiarly or kindly. 
 
 37. Rubenti. Red with the blood of victims. 
 
 40. Fugiens, as an exile. When Saturn was deposed by Jupi- 
 ter, he went to Italy and engaged in tilling the earth. 
 
 41. Privatus adhuc, "not yet a public character." 
 
 43. Puer Iliacus. Ganymede. — Formonsa (formosa) Herculis 
 uxor. Hebe. 
 
 44 sq. Et is awkward after nee, but it serves to connect Herculis 
 uxor and Vulcanus closely together, making one picture of the two 
 well-contrasted personages. " He comes in reeking from his work. 
 She is at her task on Olympus, and hands him a cup to refresh him, 
 which he first draius and then wipes off the sweat" and soot M from 
 his black arms.'' 
 
 Liparaea nigra taberna, sooty from his forge on Lipara. 
 
 46. Sibi, by himself. Literally, for himself. 
 
 47. Talis ut = tanta, quanta. 
 
 48. Atlanta. Cf. Verg. Aen. iv. 482. 
 
 49. Profundi. I. e. the sea. Some refer it to Hades, to which they 
 
248 NOTES. 
 
 think the epithet triste is more appropriate. But the Eomans, as 
 Macleane says, had a great dread of the sea. 
 
 50. Pluto carried off his wife Proserpina from Sicily. 
 
 51. Reference is made to Ixion, Sisyphus, and Tityos. 
 
 54. Quo. So P, Jahn, Hermann, Ribbeck. Other readings, hoc (t) 
 Macleane, and quod (pw). 
 
 55. " Thou shalt rise up before the hoary head and honor the face 
 of an old man." 
 
 57. Greater wealth is implied by larger stores of food. The wild 
 strawberries and acorns indicate the simplicity of the times. 
 
 59. The order of the words in this verse is noticeable, — the first, 
 third, and fifth go together, and the second, fourth, and sixth. So 
 fully was the first down held equal with sacred old age. 
 
 62. Tuscis libellis. I. e. the books of the Etrurian soothsayers, in 
 which, amoug other things connected with religion, various wonder- 
 ful portents were set down. 
 
 63. Coronata, garlanded for sacrifice. — Lustrari = procurari. 
 
 64-70. Livy (xli. 26) speaks of a two-headed boy as a prodigy au- 
 guring evil. — Miranti. The plough is personified. (Jahn, Her- 
 mann, and Ribbeck read mirandis, with P.) — Theophrastus, Pliny, 
 and Livy (xlii. 2), mention the digging up of sea-fish in the land. — 
 Fetae, with foal. (Liv. xxxvii, 3 ; Spallanzi Mem. sopra i Muli, 
 Modena, 1768, p. 8.) — Uva, a cluster. (Liv. xxi. 46; xxiv. 10; 
 xxvii. 23. Plin. iV. IT. xi. 18, 55; Tac. Ann. xii. 64.) — Amnis. I. e. 
 the Tiber. — Miris = prodigiosis, unnatural. Cf. Hor. Epod. xvi. 31. 
 
 73. Arcana. Given as a trust in secret : deposited, with the gods 
 only as witnesses. 
 
 78. Tarpeia. I. e. of Jupiter Capitolinus. 
 
 79. Cirraei vatis. I. e. Apollo. Cirrha is near Delphi. Cf. vii. 64. 
 
 80. Venatricis puellae. Diana. 
 
 83. There is no need of inserting et at the end of the preceding 
 verse, with Heinrich and Hermann. After two or more clauses con- 
 nected by conjunctions, a third or last may be added without a con- 
 junction, when, as here, it sums up everything in the genus to which 
 the things spoken of in the preceding clauses belong, and thus com- 
 prehends them also. 
 
 84 sq. He says he will boil his son and eat his poor head, first 
 dipping it in Egyptian vinegar (which was very strong), if he is not 
 speaking the truth. 
 
 89. Tang ere aliquid = to swear on something. Cf. Liv. xxi. 1 : 
 tactis sacris jure jurando adactum se. 
 
SATIRE XIII. 249 
 
 91. Et, and yet. — Secum, sc. cogitat 
 
 94. Quos abnego, which I deny having received. 
 
 95. Vomicae, abscesses. — Dimidium cms, a broken leg (cf. viii. 4 ; 
 xv. 5, 57). According to Lewis, a withered leg (reduced to half its 
 natural size). 
 
 96. Sunt tanti, are worth bearing for their sake, i. e. for the sake 
 of the moneys (94) ; are not too great a price to pay. Cf. Cic. in 
 Cat. i. 9; ii. 7. Madvig {Opusc. ii. 187-194) has given a masterly 
 exposition of the various significations of the phrase est tanti. 
 
 Locupletem. I. e. cum divitiis conjunctam. 
 
 97-99. Ladas was the name of two celebrated victors in foot-races 
 at the Olympic games, which were held on the plain of Olympia, 
 near Pisa in Elis. The prize was a wreath of olive ; the olive-branch 
 of victory is called hungry because it bore no fruit, and was a mere 
 worthless symbol. Anticyra, in Phocis, was the chief place whence 
 hellebore was procured, the supposed remedy for insanity. Archi- 
 genes was a well-known physician. The last e is long, as in the 
 Greek name. Juvenal introduces Greek proper names rather fre- 
 quently. On Ladas's speed there is an epigram in the Anthology 
 (N. 312) : 
 
 AdSas rd ora&iop tiy r^Xaro eire Siiirrt}, 
 Saip6viov rd rd^os ov6i <ppdoai Svvarov. 
 
 99. Praestat, brings in. 
 
 100. "And after all, though the wrath of the gods be great, assured- 
 ly it is slow." — Ut, grant that. — 100 sqq. " Because sentence against 
 an evil work is not executed speedily, therefore the heart of the sons 
 <>!' nun is fully set in them to do evil." For tamen certe we should 
 have in good prose simply tamen or certe, or at . . . certe. 
 
 102. Sed, besides. 
 
 107. Confirmat. So Jahn and Ribbeck, with S?. Macleane and 
 Riser confirmant (Pw). Hermann confirmans, without MS. author- 
 ity. Kiaer makes culpae the subject of confirmant. 
 
 108. Trahere, sc. te. — Vexare, to hustle. 
 
 109. Superest, with the dative, " belongs in abundance to." Or as 
 others, from a popular misuse of this word to which Gellius (i. 22) 
 and Suetonius (Aug. 56) allude, we may translate it, "appears as 
 the advocate of." 
 
 110 sq. " 'T is as good as a play." He is acting just such a farce 
 as the runaway slave in witty Catullus (or Catulus, a celebrated 
 mime writer in the reigns of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero). 
 
250 NOTES. 
 
 112 sq. Stentor was a Greek herald (Horn. 11. v. 785 sq.) whose 
 shout was as loud as that of fifty other men together. Ares (Gra- 
 divus), when wounded by Diomed, roared as loudly as ten thousand 
 men (Horn. II. v. 859 sq.). 
 
 116 sqq. Carbone. I. e. altar-fire. — Charta soluta, from the opened 
 paper (i. e. wrapper). — There is a slight tone of sarcastic deprecia- 
 tion in Juvenal's reference to the sacrifice here, as in x. 354 sq. 
 
 119. Vagellius. Some unknown man, of whom the scholiast says, 
 11 stultissimus accepit statuam." The same name occurs xvi. 23. 
 
 120. Ferre, to offer. 
 
 121. Et qui, even one who. Kibbeck, is qui. 
 
 122. The Cynics wore no tunic under their pallium. 
 
 123. Suspioit (looks from under at, looks up to), admires. — Epi- 
 curus, according to Pliny (H. N. xix. 4), was the first to plant a 
 garden at Athens. In this garden he taught. 
 
 124. Dubii, in a critical state. — Notice the absence of the prepo- 
 sition a from medicis. Cf. i. 13, note. 
 
 125. Philippus may be, as most of the commentators say, some 
 obscure practitioner; but the name is that of the celebrated physi- 
 cian of Alexander the Great, who certainly belonged to the medici 
 majores. The emphasis is on discipulo, even to a raw apprentice. 
 
 129. Claudenda est janua, as in the case of a death in the house ; 
 for the loss of money is something still more dreadful! 
 
 132 sq. " He is not content to tear only the top of his tunic instead 
 of rending it from top to bottom, and to torment his eyes with forced 
 tears (crocodile's tears)." 
 
 135. Cuncta fora, all the courts. There were several fora at Rome 
 at this time ; but the three in which the most legal business was 
 done were the Forum Romanum, Forum Julium, and Forum Au- 
 gusti. 
 
 136 sqq. If, when the bond has been read over ten times on the 
 opposite side, they whom their own handwriting and seal convict, 
 declare their note of hand to be void and the tablets worthless. — 
 Diversa parte, i. e. by the advocates of the other party (the creditors^. 
 So Madvig. Others, on both sides; both parties pass the document 
 back and forth, and the debtor pretends to examine the document 
 honestly, to see if it is genuine. Macleane, " in various places, i. e. 
 in all the fora," connecting the words with the main assertion dicunt, 
 etc. — Ligni, the waxed tablets of thin deal on which they wrote. 
 
 138, 139. The seal used by the man who denies his bond is carved 
 on the choicest of sardonyxes, kept in an ivory purse. Pliny (H. 2T, 
 
SATIRE XIII. 251 
 
 xxxvii. 6) says that the sardonyx was the principal gem employed 
 for seals. 
 
 140. Ten' = te-ne. — delicias, my sweet sir. 
 
 141. Gallinae filius albae = feliciter natus, white being the lucky 
 color. So the French proverb, lejils de la poule blanche. 
 
 144. Si flectas, if yoic'll turn. The subjunctive suggests a prior 
 clause like this : as you'll see. 
 
 147, 149. Vetus is used of what has been in existence for a long 
 time ; antiquus of what existed in old time. 
 
 148. Adorandae robiginis. I. e. of venerable antiquity. 
 150-152. Exstat, there starts up. — Qui radat. Subjunctive of the 
 
 purpose. — Bratteolam = bracteolam. 
 
 153. I have adopted Mayor's emendation, solitumst (solitum est), 
 which makes sense of a passage which commentators have considered 
 as hopeless. It is a common custom to melt down a whole statue of 
 the Thunderer • (i. e. J ove). The common reading is solitus, with 
 either no pause after dubitet, or nothing but a comma. 
 
 154. Mercatorem, the purchaser. 
 
 155 sq. " The man who should be launched into the sea in a bull's 
 hide," is a parricide. Cf. viii. 213 sq., note. 
 157. Haec quota pars, how small a part is this t Cf. iii. 61, note. 
 
 — Custos urbis = praefectus urbi, an officer who at this time held 
 almost the whole criminal jurisdiction of the city (Tac. Ann. vi. 10- 
 11). C. Rutilius Gallicus was praefectus urbi in the reign of Domi- 
 tian, and his name may be used for that of the praefect at the later 
 day when this satire was written. 
 
 161. Veneris. Future perfect. 
 
 162. Tumidum guttur. The goitre. 
 
 164 sq. Cf. Tac. Germ. 4 ; Hor. Epod. xvi. 7. — Flavam . . . cirro, 
 at his hair, of yellow hue, and making twisted horns with its moist- 
 ened locks. Cf. Tac. Germ. 38. So Riser. Commentators generally 
 have supplied Germanum for torquentem. 
 
 167 sqq. Ad, to meet. Cf. Hand Turs. i. 84. — Thracum volucres 
 arc the cranes, of which Threiciae, Strymoniae, are constant epithets 
 " In the East," says Macleane, " the sudden subitas appearance of / 
 clouds of birds, no one can tell where from, when any prey is to by 
 got, is very surprising. The cry of the crane is sum that the flock 
 may be heard very high up in the air after it has passed out of sight." 
 
 — The fabulous people of the pygmies lived in India, or at the sources, 
 of the Nile. On their battles with the cranes, cf. Horn. 72. iii. 3-7. — 
 Sed illic, etc. However frequently such sights occur, and however 
 
252 NOTES. 
 
 numerous the spectators, nobody laughs, because all the pygmy- 
 warriors are small enough to be carried off by a crane.— iPede uno. 
 The pygmies were a Greek nvyfit in height, or thirteen and a half 
 inches. 
 175. Graviore catena. Modal ablative (of description). 
 
 178. Sospes. Cf. Hor. Carm. i. 36, 4 : Hesperia sospes ab ultima. 
 
 179. Invidiosa, full of odium. You will be detested for taking so 
 cruel revenge. 
 
 181. What verb is to be supplied, of which indocti is the subject ? 
 183. Adeo, in fact. 
 
 185. Dulci. Hymettus was and is famed for its honey. — Senex. 
 Socrates. 
 
 194. Surdo verbere, with the noiseless lash. Cf. Pers. vi. 28. So 
 caeca for invisible, as caeca saxa. 
 
 195. Animo, (tamquam) tortore, flagellum quatiente. 
 
 197. The scholiast says that Caedicius was a courtier and most 
 cruel satellite of Nero. Take gravis with Caedicius. 
 
 198. Cf. Ausonius : 
 
 Turpe quid ausurus te sine teste time. 
 
 And Sen. Up. xliii. : Si honesta sunt quae facis, omnes sciant; si 
 turpia, quid refert neminem scire cum tu scias? O te miserum, si 
 contemnis hunc testem ! 
 
 199-208. The story is told in Herodotus (vi. 86). A person named 
 Glaucus bore the highest reputation for honesty in all Sparta. A 
 man of Miletus came to him and said that, in consequence of his 
 reputation for just dealing, he wished to deposit half his fortune 
 with him. Glaucus accepted the deposit, and promised to restore the 
 money to any one who should produce certain tokens and claim it. 
 This the man's sons afterwards did, but Glaucus professed to have 
 forgotten all about the matter, and required four months to refresh 
 his memory. When he consulted the oracle at Delphi as to whether 
 he might not keep the money and swear he had never received it, an 
 answer was returned denouncing dreadful punishment on the breaker 
 of oaths; and Glaucus, begging pardon of the god, paid the money. 
 The priestess warned him that he who tempts God is as bad as he 
 who does the wickedness which it is in his mind to do. Terrific 
 punishment came; and the whole house of Glaucus became extinct. 
 (Macleane.) 
 
 200 sq. Quondam, one day ; (at some future time). — Dubitaret 
 retinere, he hesitated about keeping back. 
 
SATIRE XIII. 253 
 
 205 sq. Probavit extinctus. We should say, " his death, with 
 that of all his relations, proved." 
 
 207. " And his relatives, although derived from a remote common 
 stock " (or collateral line). 
 
 211. Nee mensae tempore. Post-classical for ne mensae quidem 
 tempore. 
 
 212. Ut morbo, as from disease ; i. e. as from fever. 
 
 213. Difficili crescente cibo, when his food, hard to swallow, seems 
 to swell between his teeth. — Setina. Herd's conjecture, adopted by 
 Jahn, Hermann, Ribbeck. The MSS. sed vina. 
 
 215. Melius, sc. vinum. 
 
 218. Jam, at last. 
 
 221. Tua sacra imago, thy awful apparition. 
 
 226. Vindicet. So Ribbeck and Weidner, after $ Serv. Aen. iv. 209 ; 
 vi. 179. The ordinary reading is judicet (Pw). 
 
 228. Hoc dilata ser^no, put off by this short lull. The ominous 
 character of the first lull, says Macleane, is well known by all those 
 who have witnessed a tropical storm. 
 
 234. Nocentibus aegris, the sick if they be guilty. (Macleane.) 
 Weidner remarks that nocens, as compared with noxius, denotes an 
 habitual quality. 
 
 235. The life of any animal that could be offered in sacrifice were 
 worth more than his. 
 
 236. Malorum. Masculine; {of the wicked.) 
 
 237. Superest constantia. " They have resolution enough and to 
 spare." 
 
 244 sq. In laqueum. I. e. to be strangled. Cf. Sail. Cat. 55 : laqueo 
 gulam fregere. — The body was dragged out of the prison with the 
 uncus. — Other interpretations are, of in laqueum, " into the snare " 
 (i. e. of temptation, or "he will be caught in his guilt"), and of 
 uncum, " the hook or ring in the prison wall to which the culprit's 
 chains are attached." 
 
 246. Places of exile are here referred to, as Gyaros, Seriphos. 
 
 248. Nominis, person, man. 
 
 249. Tiresias, the Theban prophet, was blind. 
 
 ** v Macleane remarks upon the subject of this satire : " There 
 never was a time when conscience did not exist in the mind of man, 
 however completely the habit of guilt may have seared it in some, 
 and given a color of innocence to wickedness in the judgment of 
 whole communities. The picture Juvenal draws is taken from ex- 
 
 \V 
 
254 NOTES. 
 
 perience, the experience of those who were no Christians, and had 
 no knowledge to deter them but that which was suggested from 
 within. If we are surprised to read in Juvenal language or senti- 
 ments which, if delivered from a Christian pulpit, would be appropri- 
 ate and searching, it is because we are apt to forget that human 
 nature, with its desires, its corruptions, and its self-deceptions, has 
 always been the same in the main, and that God has never been 
 without his witness against guilt in the heart of man. This satire 
 represents the common moral sense of mankind. The law of 
 Christianity confirms the unwritten law of which conscience has 
 always been the guardian and the exponent, and of which such writ- 
 ings as Juvenal's, especially this poem, are the clearest evidence." 
 
SATIRE XIV. 
 
 >*Kc 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-30. There 's many a wrong act, Fuscinus, which is taught both 
 by precept and example. The old man games, his boy too shakes 
 the dice. What hope is there of him who learns in youth to season 
 fig-peckers and mushrooms? Give him a thousand teachers, he will 
 never cease to be a gourmand. Does Rutilus train his son to gentle- 
 ness, holding that servants and masters are one flesh, or cruelty, when 
 all he loves is the sweet sound of the lash, the monster of his trem- 
 bling household, happiest when a wretched slave is tortured for a 
 trifle ? What does he teach his boy who loves the grating of the 
 chain, the brand, the workhouse? 
 
 31-43. It is but nature; home examples come with great authority, 
 and so corrupt more speedily than any. One or two of better sort 
 may spurn them, but others follow in their elders' footsteps and the 
 old track of crime long put before them. So keep from wrong, if 
 for no other reason, yet for this, that those who are born of us will 
 imitate our faults, for all are teachable in vice ; a Catiline you '11 find 
 in every town, a Cato or a Brutus nowhere. 
 
 44-85. Let nothing evil come near the young. Great reverence is 
 due to boys. If you are meditating wickedness, think not the child 
 too young to see it. Whatever wrong you do, he '11 grow up like you 
 not in face alone, and stature, but in morals, and follow in your foot- 
 steps : and after this you '11 punish him and disinherit him forsooth ! 
 When guests are coming, you will sweep your house and scold and 
 rave for fear a speck of dirt offend the company, and yet you take 
 no care that your son should see his home all spotless. You give 
 your country a great boon if you shall make him a good citizen. It 
 matters much how you shall train him up. The bird when fledged 
 will seek the food his mother brought him in the nest. 
 
 86-95. Cetronius took to building everywhere grand marble 
 houses, and so broke his fortune : but he left his son no small inherit- 
 ance, which he wasted in his turn in building finer houses than his 
 father. 96-106. The father shows respect to the Jews' worship, the 
 son becomes a Jew and goes all lengths with the law of Moses. 
 
 107-134. But though the young are prone to imitate all other vices, 
 to avarice they're actually forced against their will. It looks too 
 
 255 
 
256 NOTES. 
 
 much like a virtue, to attract them of itself. They 're cheated with 
 the show of gravity it wears, the praise it wins for carefulness and* 
 skill in getting. These are the craftsmen to make fortunes grow! 
 Yes, anyhow, the forge and anvil working on forever. The father, 
 too, thinks only misers happy, and bids his boys go on that road 
 with those philosophers. All vices have their rudiments, in these 
 he trains them first and afterwards they learn the insatiable desire 
 for money. He pinches his slaves' bellies and his own : saves up the 
 fragments and puts them under seal for next day's supper, a meal 
 the beggars would not share. 
 
 135-151. What worth is money got at such a price? "What mad- 
 ness is it to live a pauper's life in order to die rich ! As money grows, 
 the love of it grows too. He wants it least who has it not. So you 
 go adding house to house and field to field, and if your neighbor will 
 not sell, you send your beasts to eat his crops. 'T is thus that many 
 properties change owners. 
 
 152-172. But what will people say ? " And what care I for that? 
 I do not value at a beanshell all the world's praise, if I am to be. 
 poor to earn it." Then you are to escape the pains and cares of life 
 and live for many a year, because you 've land as much as Rome 
 possessed when Tatius reigned ! And after that two jugera was 
 counted ample for old soldiers broken in the wars, and they were 
 well content. For us 't is not enough for pleasure-ground. 
 
 173-255. Hence come more murders than from any cause, for he 
 who would be rich would be so quickly. And who that hastens to 
 be rich cares aught for laws ? The old Sabellian spake thus to his 
 sons : " Be happy with your cottages and mountains : let the plough 
 get us bread ; so shall we please the country gods, whose help and 
 favor got us corn for acorns. That man commits no crimes who 
 wears rough boots and clothes himself in hides. Outlandish purples 
 lead to every crime." Now all is changed : the father wakes his 
 son at midnight. " Up, get out your tablets, write, read, study law, 
 petition for a centurionship: let the commander see you rough and 
 hairy. Go fight, and in your sixtieth year you '11 get the eagle. Or 
 if your courage fails turn merchant; don't be particular, stinking 
 hides will do. Money smells sweet wherever it may come from. 
 The poet's words be ever on your lips, well worthy of the gods and 
 Jove himself, — ''whence you get no one asks, but get you must.' " 
 This is what nurses teach, the boys and girls learn this before their 
 alphabet. When I hear fathers urging thus their sons, I answer, 
 What need of all this'haste? I warrant you the pupil will outstrip 
 his teacher. Make yourself easy, he'll surpass his father, as Ajax 
 Telamon, Achilles Peleus. He 's young, when he begins to shave 
 he '11 swear and lie for a mere trifle. Woe to his wife if she is rich ! 
 He knows a shorter way to wealth than ranging sea and land. Crime 
 is no trouble. " I never taught him this," you '11 say some day. 
 But you 're the cause of all his wickedness. Who trains his son to 
 avarice gives him the reins, and if he tries to check him he refuses, 
 and spurns his driver and the goal. He thinks it not enough to err 
 as far as you will let him. Tell him the man's a fool who helps his 
 friend, teach him to rob and cheat, by every crime get money, which 
 you love as ever patriot loved his country, and then you '11 see the 
 
SATIRE XIV. 257 
 
 spark yourself have lighted blown to a flame and carryall before it: 
 you '11 not escape yourself, the lion you have reared will tear his 
 keeper. Your horoscope is told, you say : but he '11 not wait, he '11 
 weary of your obstinate old age. Buy yourself antidotes, such as 
 kings and fathers should take before their meals. 
 
 256-302. No play is half so good as to look on and see what risk 
 they run to increase their store. Can the petaurista or the rope-dancer 
 amuse us more than he who lives at sea, a wretched trafficker ia 
 perfumed bags or raisin wine from Crete ? The dancer does it for a 
 livelihood, you but for countless gold and houses. The sea is full of 
 ships ; more men there than ashore ; wherever gain may call them 
 there they go. A fine return for all your toil, to come with full 
 purse back and boast you've seen the monsters of the deep. Mad- 
 ness may vary, but that man is mad who fills his ship and risks his 
 life for silver cut in little heads and letters. The clouds are lower- 
 ing; " 't is nothing," cries the master, " mere summer thunder," and 
 that night perhaps his ship is lost and he himself must swim for 
 life; and he who thought the gold of Tagus and Pactolus little, 
 must beg in rags, carrying with him the picture of his wreck. 
 
 303-331. What danger gets, anxiety must guard. Licinus posts 
 his regiment of slaves with buckets all the night, in terror for his 
 
 E)late and marble and all his finery. The Cynic's tub burns not ; 
 >reak it, and he will make another or patch up the old one. So 
 Alexander, when he saw the man who made that tub his home, then 
 learnt how happier far was he who wanted nothing, than he who 
 coveted a world and went through every toil to get it. All gods are 
 there where Prudence is ; 't is we who make Fortune a goddess. If 
 any ask me what is the measure of a private fortune, I tell them just 
 as much as nature wants, or Epicurus for his little garden, or Socrates 
 before him. Nature and Philosophy always speak alike. But if I 
 seem too hard upon you, mix a little from our habits with the old. 
 Make up a knight's fortune: if that be not enough, then two, or even 
 three. If that does not suffice, then will not Croesus's treasures or 
 Persia's kingdom or Narcissus's wealth.— Macleane, with modifi- 
 cations. 
 
 1. Fuscinus. Some friend of Juvenal, unknown to us. 
 
 2. Nitidis rebus. "The minds of the children, in their first inno- 
 cence, are the ' bright things. 7 " 
 
 5. Bullatus. Cf. v. 164, note. — Fritillus is a dice-box. — Arma, i. 
 e. the dice. Cfr Verg. Aen. i. 177 : Cerealiaque arma expediunt. 
 7. Radere tubera terrae, to peel truffles. 
 
 9. Ficellas (= ficedulas). So Mayor, after Lachmann. The MSS. 
 ficedulas, which alone will be found in the Lexicons. The beccafico 
 was the only bird of which epicures allowed the whole to be eaten. 
 
 10. Monstrante, showing the w<t>/. 
 
 12. Barbatos. Beards were much affected by those who set up for 
 philosophers. 
 
 17— Jot. WJ 
 
258 NOTES. 
 
 15. Modicis erroribus aequos, indulgent to small transgressions. 
 Cf. Hor. Sat. i. 3, 118, 140. 
 
 16 sq. Nostra is taken with materia. On the sentiment cf. Ma- 
 crob. I. xi. 6 : tibi autem unde in servos tantum et tam inane fa- 
 stidium, quasi non ex eisdem tibi et constent et alantur elementis 
 eundemque spiritum ab eodem principio carpant ? 
 
 18. Rutilus. Some father. Hardly the same person as in xi. 2. 
 
 19. Nullam Sirena. I. e. no Siren's song. 
 
 20. The Antiphates and the Polyphemus of his trembling house- 
 hold. Antiphates, the grewsome king of the Laestrygones, ate up 
 one of the three men whom Ulysses sent out as explorers, and sunk 
 all his ships but one. {Odys. x. 80-132.) The story of the Cy- 
 clops Polyphemus {Odys. ix. 182-542; Aen. iii. 618 sqq.) is well 
 known. 
 
 22. Duo propter lintea, for the loss of a couple of toioels. 
 
 24. Inscripta ergastula, the branded slaves in the workhouse. (Cf. 
 viii. 180, note.) In ergastula we have a bold metonymy, — the con- 
 tainer for the thing contained. Inscriptus is not found elsewhere in 
 Juvenal in the sense of branded, but is so used by Pliny, Martial, 
 and Gellius. The common word is inustus or compunctus. 
 
 33. Cum subeant. Subjunctive as giving the reason. Yg, su- 
 beunt. 
 
 35. The Titan is Prometheus, (a son of the Titan Iapetus,) the 
 fabled creator of the human race. 
 
 38 sq. Hujus .... est, for there is at least one reason that com- 
 mands this (i. e. to keep clear from grievous sins). 
 
 43. The uncle of Brutus was Cato Uticensis. 
 
 45. A (ah) is the interjection. It is a conjecture of Cramer's, 
 adopted by the best editors. The MSS. have hinc, hanc, ac (P). 
 
 46. The parasite that makes a night of it is " the contemptible 
 guest who for a dinner sits up all night drinking or gaming, or both, 
 and singing low songs." 
 
 49. Notice the hiatus before the caesura in the third arsis. 
 52 sq. Qui .... peccet, one to follow in your steps and exaggerate 
 all your faults. 
 
 55. Tabulas. I. e. your will. 
 
 56. Unde tibi frontem, etc. On the ellipsis, cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 7, 16 : 
 unde mihi lapidem? . . . unde sagittas? 
 
 57 sq. Vacuum .... quaerat. You are mad, and want cupping. 
 The cupping-glass is called windy, perhaps from the pressure of the 
 external air. In the Middle Ages the adjective ventosa itself became 
 
SATIRE XIV. 259 
 
 a noun signifying a cupping-glass, and hence the Italian ventosa and 
 French ventouse. 
 
 59. Tuorum, sc. famulorum. 
 
 62. Leve, plain. — Aspera, embossed. 
 
 67. Saw-dust was thrown before sweeping, like our tea-leaves. 
 
 68 sqq. An argumentum ex contrario. — Omni sine labe, for sine 
 ulla labe, is post-classical. 
 
 71. Utilis agris. The art of agriculture was held in very high 
 esteem, and its importance for the national welfare recognized. 
 
 75. Devia = deserta. 
 
 77. Crucibus. The crosses bearing bodies of malefactors. 
 
 80 sqq. In point of fact, vultures build their nests in rocks, and 
 eagles (famulae Jovis et generosae aves) are scarcely more delicate in 
 the choice of their food than vultures. Juvenal follows popular 
 tradition, often against the facts of natural history ; thus he speaks 
 of beavers as mutilating themselves (xii. 34), ants as laying up stores 
 for winter (vi. 361), cranes as having talons (xiii. 169), elephants as 
 shedding their tusks when they have grown too heavy (xi. 12G), the 
 ibis as eating snakes (xv. 3), and tigers and boars as never fighting 
 among each other (xv. 160 sqq.). 
 
 83. Levavit. So Priscian, Ribbeck, Weidner. Hermann reads 
 levabit (w), Jahn and Mayor, levarit, P leva ret. 
 
 86. Aedificator, passionately fond of building. The verbal sub- 
 stantive in -or implies a continued and constantly repeated activity in 
 the actor. Cf. Nagelsbach Stil. g 54. 
 
 90. There was an ancient and celebrated temple of Fortuna at 
 Praeneste, and one of Hercules at Tibur, whence the town is often 
 called Herculeum. 
 
 91. Posides was a freedman and favorite of Claudius. Pliny 
 mentions the aquae Posidianae, a splendid bathing-house on the 
 shore at Baiae. — Capitolia. Pluralis majestatis. 
 
 94. Turbavit, squandered. 
 
 96-106. With Juvenal's account of the Jews, cf. Tac. Hist. v. 4, 5. 
 
 96. Metuere and metus are the words used for religious fear. 
 
 103. Non monstrare, sc. solent or consueverunt. Juvenal says 
 that the Jews will not show any one the way except he be of their 
 faith, nor tell the tired traveller, if he be uncircumcised, where he 
 may quench his thirst. 
 
 110. Habitu, in bearing. — Vultuque et veste severum, severe both 
 in countenance and attire. 
 
 114. The two dragons referred to are the one that watched the 
 
260 NOTES. 
 
 Hesperides, as they watched the golden apples, and the one that 
 guarded the golden fleece of Colchis in Pontus. 
 
 115 sq. Adquirendi artificem, " an adept in the art of getting rich." 
 
 117. Crescunt quocumque modo. Hor. Epp. i. 1, 65 : rem facias, 
 rem ; si possis, recte, si non, quocumque modo rem. 
 
 119. Et pater ergo, and so the father too. 
 
 120 sq. Madvig would read (with inferior MSS.) mirantur, pu- 
 tant. 
 
 126. Modio iniquo. Cf. Dig. xix. 1, 32 : iniquis ponderibus. Slaves 
 had a certain allowance of corn, olives, dates, figs, vinegar, and wine, 
 either by the month or the day. 
 
 127. Neque enim sustinet umquam, for indeed he can never bear. 
 129 sq. Medio Septembri. In the very season when the heat was 
 
 excessive and the air pestilential. 
 
 131. Lacertus. A coarse sea-fish, eaten in summer dried or salted. 
 Translate, salt-fish. 
 
 132. Signatam, sealed up, so that the slaves could not eat it. — Si- 
 luro, sheat-fish. Cf. iv. 33. 
 
 133. Fila, shreds, slices. Weidner translates it, blades. — Sectivi 
 porri. Cf. iii. 293, note. 
 
 134. Aliquis de ponte, any beggar from the bridge. Cf. iv. 116, 
 note ; v. 8, note. 
 
 135. Sed quo, sc. habes or possides. Cf. viii. 9, note. 
 140. The subject of optat is qui non habet. 
 
 142 sq. Major et melior. Sc. than your own. 
 
 144. Densa qui canet oliva, which is hoary with the thickly-planted 
 olive. The hoary, gray, silvery, dusky hue of their foliage, makes 
 olive-trees a very striking and peculiar feature in a landscape. 
 
 147. Hujus, refers to dominus (145). 
 
 152. Quam . . . famae, " what a foul blast will rumor blow !" — P 
 (alone) has foede, and so Jahn and Ribbeck ; but even in P, as Her- 
 mann says, it may be that foede stands for foedae. 
 
 155. Secantem, while reaping merely. 
 
 156. Scilicet, of course ; no doubt. Sarcastic. 
 
 160. Tatius is the legendary Sabine king under whom and Romulus 
 the Romans and Sabines formed one united kingdom. 
 
 162. The Molossi were a people of Epirus. Pyrrhus is called rex 
 Molossus xii. 108. 
 
 165 sq. Ingratae curta fides patriae, a scant discharge of her 
 promise on the part of their thankless country. 
 
 169. The slave played with his three young masters; the title do- 
 
SATIRE XIV. 261 
 
 minus being given to a master's son as well as to a master. Cf. Plaut. 
 Capt. Prol. 18. 
 
 178. Properantis. Cf. Prov. xxviii. 22 : He that hastcth to be rich 
 hath an evil eye. 
 
 180 sq. The people mentioned were all of that Sabellian stock 
 which was proverbial for severity and simplicity in its way of living. 
 
 187. Inversis. I. e. with the hair inside. — Peregrina purpura. 
 Phoenician, Lacouian, and African purples were most esteemed. 
 
 188. Quaecumque est indicates at once disdain for, and ignorance 
 of, the foreign innovation. 
 
 191. Accipe, " here, take!" 
 
 192. Eubras leges. The titles and beginnings of laws were written 
 in red, with ink made of minium, vermilion, or rubrica, red ochre. 
 Hence rubrica came to mean the civil law ; hence too our word rubric. 
 
 193. Vitem, the vine switch of the ceuturion (viii. 247, note), used 
 here for a centurion's commission. — Libello, a petition. 
 
 195. Laelius is put for the commander of the troops to whom the pe- 
 tition would be referred. Let him see what a stalwart fellow you are ; 
 (for it was thought well that centurions should be big and burly.) 
 
 197. Locupletem aquilam. " The primipilus centurio had charge 
 of the eagle of the legion, and was above all the centurions in rank 
 and pay. Lipsius says they rose from the lowest grade to the highest 
 by rotation, except in cases of extraordinary merit. The ten cohorts 
 of the legion consisted of thirty manipuli, and in each manipulus 
 there were two centurions." 
 
 199. Solvunt, relax. — Solvunt ventrem. " A common result," 
 says Lewis, " of the first sound of cannon in modern actions." 
 
 201. Pluris dimidio. For m o r e tha » half as much again as it cost 
 you. 
 
 202. Trades of an offensive kind, such as tanning, had to be carried 
 on Tiberim ultra, i. e. in the Trastevere. 
 
 206. Poeta, as its axithor. 
 
 208. Vetulae assae, old dry-nurses. 
 
 212. Praesto, I warrant. — Meliorem, sc. fore. 
 
 215 sq. Nondum . . . nequitiae, " the evils of matured vice have 
 not yet filled the marrow of their bones." 
 
 217. Cultri, of the razor. 
 
 218 sq. There are three possible translations of vendet perjuria 
 8umma exigua : " he will sell his perjuries for a trifling sum ; " " he 
 will perjure himself most heavily for a trifle; " or " he will perjure 
 himself in any way you like, little or great."— Et, even; and that too. 
 
262 NOTES. 
 
 219. Tangens pedem. Like devotees. 
 
 220 sq. Elatam, borne out to burial. — Limina subit. The bride, 
 on entering her new home, was lifted across the threshold. 
 
 224. Magni sceleris, in the case of a great crime. Cf. Cic. Tusc. 
 iv. 6, 14 : praesentis autem mali sapientis affectio nulla est. 
 
 227-231. Pueros producit avaros, schools his sons in avarice. — 
 Condaplicare, sc. praecepit. — Commentators generally confess them- 
 selves unable to extract any sense from verse 229. Kiaer meets the 
 difficulty by considering verses 227, 228, and 229-231 (curriculo) as 
 containing two parallel statements ; nam . . . amorem is the first 
 protasis, et . . . avaros the first apodosis ; et . . . conduplicare is 
 the second protasis, dat . . . curriculo the second apodosis. With 
 this interpretation et in verse 228 must be taken as equivalent to 
 etiam. 
 
 231. Quem must be regarded as a careless expression, in a carelessly 
 written satire, referring to juvenis, or some such word suggested by 
 curriculo or by the whole phrase dat . . . curriculo. 
 
 238. Quarum amor, sc. tantus est. Before the correlative adjectives 
 qualis and quantus, Juvenal almost always omits talis and tantus. 
 
 240. Menceceus, son of Creon, gave his life for his country when 
 the seven came against Thebes. 
 
 241. Quorum is used as if Thebani had preceded, and not Thebas. 
 
 243. Tubicen. To give the signal for battle. 
 
 244. Ergo, so then (as I was saying). 
 
 247. Leo alumnus, the lion you have reared. — Toilet, will make 
 way with, will destroy. 
 
 249. Colus. The distaff of the Fates. 
 
 251. Cervina. Hesiod (according to Pliny, H. N. vii. 48) attributes 
 to the raven nine lives of man, to the stag four lives of a raven, and 
 to the crow three lives of a stag. To man he gives ninety-six years. 
 
 252. Archigenes was a celebrated physician of this period, a Greek, 
 born in Syria. — Mithridates VI., king of Pontus, was in the habit 
 of taking antidotes, and had so fortified his constitution by their 
 means, that when he wished to poison himself he could not, and was 
 obliged to get a soldier to kill him. 
 
 257. Praetoris. Cf. viii. 194, note. The praetor presided at the 
 ludi scenici in the time of the emperors. He is called lautus on 
 account of the magnificence of the games. 
 
 258. Discrimine. Ablative of price. — Constent, cost. 
 
 260 sq. The temple of Castor was in the Forum Romanum, and 
 near it the bankers had their places of business. They kept the 
 
SATIRE XIV. 263 
 
 cash-chests of their customers in this temple, where there were sen- 
 tries. The temple of Mars Ultor, in the Forum Augusti, had been 
 used (it would seem) as a place of deposit of this kind, but it had 
 been robbed, or possibly damaged by fire (Weidner), and Mars had 
 lost his helmet also, as well as other treasures. 
 
 262 sq. The festival of Flora was celebrated at Rome from the 
 28th April till the 3d May, every year. The Cerealia were held in 
 the middle of April. On the festival of Cybele, also in April, the 
 Megalesiau games (cf. xi. 193) were celebrated. At each of these festi- 
 vals there were dramatic representations. — Aulaea. I. e. the plays. 
 
 265. Fetauro. A flying-machine, or stage from which persons took 
 flying leaps. 
 
 266. Reotum funem, the tight-rope. 
 
 267. Corycus was the name of a city and promontory in Cilicia. 
 There was a promontory of the same name in Crete. 
 
 271. Fassum, raisin-wine. See Lexicon, s. v. pando. — Lagonas 
 sb lagenas. They are called " compatriots of Jove" from the tradi- 
 tion of the education, and even of the birth and burial, of Jupiter in 
 Crete. When the people of Crete asked aid of America in their 
 attempt to throw off the Mohammedan yoke, they began their appeal 
 witli the words, " We, the descendants of Minos and of Jupiter." 
 
 273 sq. Ilia mercede — illius rei mercede. — Ilia reste, i. e. recto 
 fane (266). 
 
 274 sq. Tu . . . temerarius. The rope-dancer hazards his life to 
 avoid starvation ; you hazard yours for superfluities. 
 
 280. Herculeo gurgite. In the Atlantic. " Posidonius and Epi- 
 curus pretended that when the sun sank in the Atlantic, it hissed 
 like red-hot iron plunged into water. According to the popular be- 
 lief, the Sacrum Promontorium, on the Atlantic coast of Hispania, 
 now Cape St. Vincent, was the place where the sun plunged with his 
 chariot into the sea." 
 
 283. Juvenes marinos. Tritons, Nereids, and the like. 
 
 284 sq. Non unus furor, not one kind only of madness. — Ille. I. e. 
 Orestes. — Sororis. I. e. Electra, who throws her arms around her 
 brother to prevent him from leaping from his couch in his terror at 
 the apparition of the Furies. The scene is from the Orestes of Euri- 
 pides. — Igni. I. e. the torches. 
 
 286. Hie. I. e. Ajax. The scene is from the Aias of Sophocles. 
 
 287. Ithacum. I. e. Ulysses. — Farcat . . . lacernis. Though he 
 may not tear his clothing, like some other lunatics. 
 
 288. Curatoris. In accordance with the provisions of the Twelve 
 
264 NOTES. 
 
 Tables, a curator or guardian was appointed by the praetor in the 
 cases of persons of unsound mind. Cf. Hor. Epp. i. 1, 102, 103. 
 
 289. Ad summum latus, to the topmost edge : i. e. to the very top 
 of the bulwarks. — Tabula distinguitur unda, is separated from the 
 water by a single plank : 
 
 "digitis a morte remotus 
 quattuor aut septem, si sit latissima taeda." — Sal. xii. 58 sq. 
 
 291. Silver cut up into small coins, having on them the " image 
 and superscription " of the emperor. 
 
 292. Solvite funem, loose the cable. Cf. Verg. Aen. iii. 266 sq. 
 294. Fascia nigra, this black streak or black belt of clouds. 
 298, Modo, but now. 
 
 300. Sufficient, sc. ei, the antecedent of cujus (298). 
 
 301 sq. Shipwrecked men had paintings made of the scene of their 
 misfortune, and carried them around with them to gain sympathy 
 and alms. — Picta se tempestate tuetur, maintains himself by a 
 painting of the storm. 
 
 305. Amis = hdmis. — " In the days of the empire there were 
 seven cohorts of night police, whose business it was to ensure to the 
 citizens protection from fire. The wealthy, however, who kept an 
 immense number of slaves (cf. iii. 141), did not trust to this common 
 protection, but had their own private watchman (here cohortem ser- 
 vorum). Nero ordered all who could afford it to keep custodes et 
 subsidia reprimendis ignibus in propatulo (Tac. Ann. vi. 43). They 
 were furnished with hamae — buckets filled with water — and with 
 siphones, and other instruments for checking conflagrations." 
 
 306. Attonitus, " wild with fear." 
 
 307 sq. Electro. Cf. v. 38. — Signis. Cf. viii.110. — Phrygia. Syn- 
 nada, in Phrygia, was famed for its' marble. — Ebore. Cf. xi. 123 
 sqq. — Testudine. Cf. xi. 94 sq. It was common to inlay furniture 
 with tortoise-shell. Or lata testudo may refer to the vaulted and 
 highly ornamented roof of the palace. 
 
 308 sqq. Dolia. The " tub " of Diogenes was made of clay. If 
 any one broke it, he could make another next day, nay more, he 
 could patch the old one with lead. — Commissa, soldered. 
 
 311 sqq. The story of Alexander's visit to Diogenes, and how the 
 Cynic told him not to stand between him and the sun, when asked 
 if there was anything that could be done for him, is told by Plutarch 
 {Alex. 14). 
 
 319. Hortis. Cf. xiii. 123, note. 
 
SATIRE XIV. 265 
 
 320. The extreme frugality of Socrates' 8 mode of life was appealed 
 to by himself in proof of his disinterestedness (Apol. xviii.), and is 
 attested by Xenophon and Aristophanes. 
 
 322. Cludere = claudere. " Do I seem to confine you by too 
 rigid examples ? " 
 
 323. Nostris, our (modern). 
 
 324. On the fourteen rows and the law of Otho, cf. iii. 154, note. 
 
 325. If this makes you knit your brow and pout your lip. 
 
 326. Duodecies sestertium was the census senatorius. 
 
 327. Gremium. The fold of the toga (sinus), in which the purse 
 was commonly carried. Cf. vii. 215. — Ultra, i. e. for more. 
 
 329. Narcissus was the chief favorite of Claudius Caesar. He 
 made a fortune of about four million of our money. It was he, and 
 not Claudius, who ordered the death of Messalina. The subject of 
 paruit is Claudius. Cf. Plin. Epp. viii. 6 : imaginare Caesarem lib- 
 erti precibus vel potius imperio . . obtemperantem. 
 
 X 
 
SATIKE XV. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-32. All know, Volusius, the monsters Egypt worships ; here 't is 
 the crocodile, the ibis there; the long-tailed ape at Thebes where 
 Memnon strikes his lyre ; cats, river fish, and dogs (but not Diana). 
 Onions and leeks no tooth may harm. O holy people, whose gods 
 grow in their gardens ! A sheep or goat they may not eat, but human 
 flesh they may. When once Ulysses told such marvellous tales to 
 Alcinous and his guests, some more sober than the rest no doubt 
 were wroth, and would have thrown him into the sea, with his tales 
 about Laestrygones and Cyclopes. His Scylla and his clashing rocks 
 and bladders full of storms and comrades turned to swine, were not 
 so hard to swallow. He had no witness to support him ; but my 
 story, a crime not known in all the tragedies, was acted publicly the 
 other day. 
 
 33-71. Two neighboring peoples, Ombites and Tentyrites, have 
 long fallen out with deadly hatred, only for this, that each maintain 
 there are no other gods but those they worship. It was a holiday at 
 Ombi, a fit occasion for the enemy, who were resolved to spoil their 
 seven days' sport (for these barbarians vie with the infamous Cano- 
 pus in good living) : and they expected easy victory when they were 
 drenched with wine. On one side there was dancing, flowers, per- 
 fumes (such as they were) ; on the other, hatred and an empty belly. 
 First, they cry out words of abuse, with hot courage; this is the 
 trump of battle. Then they charge with mutual shout: their 
 weapons are their fists ; scarce any cheeks were left without a wound, 
 or any nose unbroken. Faces contused you 'd see throughout the 
 host, cheeks burst and bones all starting through the skin, fists reek- 
 ing with the blood of eyes knocked out. But this is child's play : 
 what use is such a crowd of combatants if none are killed? So they 
 grow fiercer and throw stones, not such as Turnus, Ajax, or Tydides 
 threw, but such as men can wield in these degenerate days, when all 
 are bad aud puny, so that heaven laughs at men and hates them. 
 
 72-92. But to return. One party reinforced get bold and ply the 
 sword and bow ; and Tentyra flies, as they pursue. One slips and 
 falls in his haste; they take him prisoner and cut him up and eat 
 him raw. How lucky they profaned not the holy element ! But 
 they who ate had never a more happy meal. Don't think it was the 
 first taste only that was sweet ; the last man when the carcase was 
 
 266 
 
SATIRE XV. 267 
 
 all gone, scraped up the blood on the ground and Kcked it from his 
 fingers. 
 
 93-131. Vascones, they tell us, lengthened life by food like this : 
 but that was fortune's spite and war's extremity, a long blockade 
 and famine. Such cases we should pity, when, after all their food is 
 gone to the last blade of grass, men eat each other, as they would 
 themselves : these gods and men may pardon, as the ghosts would do 
 of those they 've eaten. Zeno may teach us all things must not be done 
 even for life ; but how should they be Stoics, and that in old Metel- 
 lus's time? Now all the world have got our learning and the Gre- 
 cian too. Gaul teaches Britain how to plead, and Thule talks of 
 hiring soon a rhetorician. But yet that noble people and Saguntum 
 had some excuse for what they did. But Egypt was more savage 
 than the Tauric altar; for there (if we're to trust the story) the 
 goddess only sacrificed the men, and nothing more. What led these 
 people to their crime, what accident, blockade, or famine ? Suppose 
 the Nile had left the country dry, what greater insult could they 
 show the god ? The Cimbri, Bri tones, and Scythians were never yet 
 so savage as this useless cowardly herd, who swarm upon the river 
 in their painted boats. No punishment is hard enough for those 
 whose passion is as bad as famine. 
 
 131-174. Nature has given soft hearts to men, as tears will prove. 
 She bids us weep for friends in sorrow, for the poor wretch on trial 
 for his life, or boy, that brings his fraudulent guardian to justice, 
 with weeping face and streaming hair. She bids us weep when a 
 young maiden dies or little babe. What good man and true but 
 counts all human miseries his own ? 'T is this distinguishes us men 
 from beasts ; for this we 've minds to take in things divine and exer- 
 cise all arts ; and sense from heaven, which they have not who look 
 down to the earth. They 've breath but we have soul, so that sym- 
 pathy bids us seek mutual help, join in communities, and quit the 
 woods our fathers lived in, build houses, join our habitations for 
 mutual safety, stand by each other and protect the fallen, fight side 
 by side at one signal, share the same walls and towers. But now the 
 snakes are more harmonious than we are; the wild beast preys not 
 on his kind : but as for man 't is not enough to have forged the fatal 
 sword, though the first smiths knew only to make tools. But now 
 we see whole peoples not content with killing in their passion, but 
 they must eat each other. What would Pythagoras say, where would 
 he run to, if he saw these monstrous doings, he who abstained from 
 all kinds of meat and ate not every kind of vegetable ?— Macleane, 
 with modification*. 
 
 1. Of Volusius Bithynicus, to whom this carelessly written letter 
 is addressed, we know nothing. 
 
 3. The ibis does not eat snakes, although Herodotus (ii. 75, 76) 
 and Cicero (N. D. i. 36) speak of it as destroying flying serpents. 
 
 4. Nitet aurea, glitters in gold. So jacet obruta (6), lies in ruin. 
 
268 NOTES. 
 
 5. " Memnon's statue that at sunrise played " was mutilated (di- 
 midio). It was afterwards restored, perhaps by Septimius Severus. 
 
 7. Aeluros, cats (aZAovpoj). An emendation of Brodaeus, now gene- 
 rally adopted. P has aeruleos, the other MSS. caeruleos. 
 
 9. Cepe = caepe. 
 
 10. Haec = talia. 
 17. Abicit = abjicit. 
 
 19 sq. Concurrentia saxa Cyaneis. Either the rocks that dash 
 against each other in the Cyanean sea (i. e. the Symplegades), or 
 the rocks that clash with the Cyanean waves (dative), or the rocks that 
 dash against the Cyanean isles. I prefer the first interpretation. Cf. 
 Soph. Antig. 966 : Kuaveuv n&aytwv. Juvenal confounds the Symple- 
 gades, at the entrance of the Thracian Bosporos from the Euxine, 
 with rocks in the Sicilian sea which Circe advised Ulysses to avoid. 
 
 20. When Ulysses was leaving the island of Aeolus, the king gave 
 him a leathern bag containing all the winds. His companions let 
 them out oi the bag, causing a tempest. (Odys. x. 19, 46.) 
 
 22. Et = etiam. 
 
 26. Canebat, chantait, = recitabat. 
 
 27. Junco. So P, Jahn, Hermann, Ribbeck, Mayor, Weidner. 
 There was a consul of the name of Juncus under Hadrian, A. D. 127. 
 (Dissertazioni della pontificia Acad. Bom. di Archeologia vi. 231.) 
 From ignorance of this fact, other MSS. and editors altered the read- 
 ing to Junto. 
 
 28. Super, above, i. e. to the south of; up the country. 
 
 30. A Pyrra. As we say, since the flood. — Syrmata. For tragoe- 
 dias. Cf. viii. 229. 
 33. Finitimos. The term is used laxly. 
 
 39. Alterius populi. The people celebrating the festival were the 
 Ombites. 
 
 40. Inimicorum. The Tentyrites. 
 
 45. Quantum ipsi notavi. These words imply that their author 
 had visited Egypt. Most lives of Juvenal, following the pseudo- 
 Suetonius, relate that he was sent to Egypt, when eighty years of 
 age, as prefect of a cohort stationed at Syene, and that this, under 
 the appearance of an honorary appointment, was in reality meant as a 
 species of exile. The story is incredible in itself, and apparently de- 
 rived from the present passage. (Mayor.) 
 
 46. Canopus, though in Egypt, was a cosmopolitan city, a centre 
 of Greek and oriental culture and luxury ; and its manners were no 
 type of those of Egypt in general. 
 
SATIRE XV 269 
 
 48. Inde, on one side, i. e. among the Ombites. — 51. Hinc, on the 
 other side, i. e. with the Tentyrites. 
 
 52. Haec tuba rixae, this was the trumpet of the fray. Cf. i. 169. 
 
 53-56. Dein .... integer. The two clauses connected by a conjunc- 
 tion (et) represent the action ; the two added without any conjunction 
 represent the effect of the action. 
 
 64. Domestica seditioni tela, the familiar weapons of sedition. 
 Cf. Verg. Aen. i. 148-150. 
 
 65 sq. Hnnc = talem. — Qualis, accusative plural. — Turnus et 
 Ajax, sc. torquebant. — On the proper names, cf. Verg. Aen. xii. 896 
 sqq. ; Horn. //. vii. 268 sqq. ; v. 302 sqq. 
 
 69. Genus hoc, this race of ours. 
 
 73. Aucti. Plural, appositive to the noun of multitude pars.— 
 Pars altera, i. e. the Ombites. 
 
 76. There were groves of palm in the neighborhood of Tentyra. 
 
 77. Hino = ex hac parte, on the side of the Tentyrites. 
 
 86. Te perhaps does not refer to Volusius, but is a bold address to 
 fire itself. 
 
 88. Sustinuit, had the heart to. 
 
 90. Prima gula = qui primus gustavit hanc carnem. 
 
 93. The Vascones were a people of Spain on the upper Ebro. 
 They had a town Calagurris ( now Calahorra), of the man-eating of the 
 inhabitants of which, when oppressed by siege A. u. c. 682, we read 
 in Valerius Maximus vii. 6 : qui quo perseverantius interempti Ser- 
 torii cineribus, obsidionem Cn. Pompei frustrantes, fidem praestarent, 
 quia nullum jam aliud in urbe eorum supererat animal, uxores suas 
 natosque ad usum nefariae dapis verterunt : quoque diutius armata 
 juventus viscera sua visceribus suis aleret, infelices cadaverum reli- 
 quias sallire non dubitavit. 
 
 95. Ultima, sc. discrimina. 
 
 97. Miserabile debet esse, ought to excite our compassion. 
 
 102 sq. Esse, from edo. — Et sua. Cf. Ov. Met. viii. 877 sq. : 
 
 ipse 8uos artus lacero divellere morsu 
 coepit et infelix minuendo corpus ale! 
 
 alebat. 
 
 109. Q. Metellus Pius conducted the Sertorian war together with 
 Cn. Pompeius. 
 
 110. Graias nostrasque Athenas, the Grecian Athens and our 
 own, i. e. the Grecian culture and our own. — Athens is the worthiest 
 metonym for intellectual and ethical culture, — the city unde huma- 
 nitas, doctrina, religio, fruges, jura, leges ortae atque in omnes terras 
 
 X2 
 
270 NOTES. 
 
 distributae putantur (Cic. pro Flac. 62) ; the naikvon ttjs 'E\\d6os 
 
 (ThllC. ii. 41), the Koivbv naiSevriipiov iravrmv avBpwmov (Diodor.). 
 
 114. For the siege of Saguntum (Saguntus, Zagynthos, ZolkwOos) 'see 
 Liv. xxi. 7-15. Augustin (Civ. Dei iii. 20 j says that it is believed 
 that some of the besieged citizens ate the corpses of their friends. 
 
 115. Tale quid excusat, had excuse for any such conduct. — The 
 Maeotic altar is the altar of the Tauric goddess, called by the Greeks 
 Artemis, on which all strangers who came to the country were sacri- 
 ficed. Cf. Eurip. Iph. in Taur. 
 
 117. Ut jam, supposing only. 
 
 119. Quis modo casus, what mischance even. On modo in the sense 
 of even, at all, cf. Cic. Tusc. v. 66 : quis est omnium, qui modo cum 
 Musis habeat aliquod commercium ? 
 
 120. Hos, the Ombites. — Vallo, their ramparts. 
 
 122 sq. Anne .... Nilo ! could they, if the land of Memphis were 
 dried up, do anything worse to spite the Nile because he would not 
 rise? Cf. Ov. Met. iv. 547 : invidiam fecere deae. Others (as Mayor, 
 Weidner), translate aliam invidiam facerent Nilo, bring any greater 
 infamy (or odium) upon the Nile. Drought would cause famine. 
 
 124. By Britones Juvenal seems to mean the Britons, whose 
 human sacrifices were well known. As Juvenal in all other places 
 calls them Britanni, some suppose that the reference here is to some 
 German tribe. 
 
 133. Quae dedit, in that she has given. 
 
 134 sq. She bids us, then, weep for the squalid plight of a friend 
 when he pleads his cause and is accused; or as we should say, who is 
 accused and pleads his cause. Some inferior MSS. give casum lugen- 
 tis instead of causam dicentis. Riser would emend by reading squa- 
 lorem atque insteat of squalor emqxie. 
 
 137. Incerta is explained by some as meaning hard to be dis- 
 tinguished from a girl's, by others hard to be recognized (i. e. so that 
 it is not easy to tell who he is). 
 
 140. Minor igne rogi, too young for the fire of the funeral-pile. 
 Children who died before they had a tooth were buried, not burned. 
 
 140 sq. Face arcana. On the fifth day of the Eleusinian mysteries 
 the initiated carried torches to the temple of Demeter (Ceres), led by 
 a priest. Of every neophyte the hierophant demanded moral purity. 
 — Qualem esse, sc. hominem. 
 
 142. Ulla aliena sibi credit mala. Every one will remember the 
 noble verse of Terence (Heaut. i. 1, 29) : 
 
 homo sum, humani nihil a me alienum puto. 
 
SATIRE XV. 271 
 
 143. Macleane takes venerabile as having an active meaning, 
 reverential, or capable of reverence, which suits the context better 
 than the passive sense. Forcellini cites two examples of the active 
 use of this verbal from Valerius Maximus. 
 
 147. Prona et terram spectantia, sc. animalia. Cf. Ov. Met. i. 
 84-86: 
 
 pronaque cum spectent animalia cetera terram, 
 os homini sublime dedit, caelumque tueri 
 jussit et erectos ad sidera tollere voltus. 
 
 Dryden adds a magnificent epithet in his translation of Ovid : 
 
 "Man looks aloft, and with erected eyes 
 Surveys his own hereditary skies." 
 
 149. " Animus est quo sapimus, anima qua vivimus." 
 
 151. In populum, into one people. 
 
 157. Defendier. Notice this archaic form of the present infinitive 
 passive. 
 
 160. Cognatis maculis, kindred spots, i. e. .animals of the same 
 species ; the leopard recognizes the leopard and spares him. 
 
 166. Produxisse, to have beaten out, i. e. to have forged. " Pro- 
 ducere " like " extendere " (168). — Cum, although. 
 
 67. Coquere, to forge. 
 
 68. Extendere = excudere. 
 
 170 sq. Bed crediderint = sed qui crediderint, the qui being sug- 
 gested by quorum (169). Subjunctive, because qui = tales ut ii. 
 Kiccr makes crediderint a " dubitative " subjunctive, " quos credi- 
 disse probabile est." 
 
 174. The story that Pythagoras abstained from beans is probably 
 a fable ; but Juvenal follows the common tradition. 
 
SATIEE XVI. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-6. O Gallitts, who can tell the advantages of lucky service ? Give 
 me a crack regiment, and I '11 enlist and think my stars have favored 
 me. Of course a fortunate hour avails one more than if he had a 
 letter of recommendation to Mars from his wife Venus or his mother 
 Juno. 
 
 7-34. First, the advantages that all soldiers enjoy. The greatest 
 is that no civilian dares to strike you, nay more, if you strike him, 
 he holds his tongue, and dares not show his grievance to the praetor. 
 If he would have revenge he has his judge, a stout centurion in the 
 camp, for soldiers may not go beyond for trial. Most just, no doubt, 
 is the centurion's judgment, and if I 've right upon my side he '11 
 give me satisfaction. But all the camp will see that my revenge shall 
 prove a greater trouble than the wrong. And he's a bold man who 
 would dare offend so many boots and hobnails. And who would 
 come so far to give his evidence ? Let 's dry our tears, nor trouble 
 friends who will not fail to excuse themselves. The man who dares 
 to witness to the assault is worthy of the good olden times : a lying 
 witness may be easier got against a townsman than a true against a 
 soldier's fortunes and bis honor. 
 
 35-50. And if a scoundrel neighbor moves my landmark, or 
 debtor will not give me back my own, then I must wait and go 
 through all the law's delays ; but soldiers are allowed their own time 
 for suing and no drag stops their suit. 
 
 51-60. The soldier too may make a will while yet his father lives, 
 for all he gets in service is his own. The old man therefore courts 
 his lucky soldier who by fair favor is rewarded as his gallant deeds 
 deserve. For 'tis the general's interest that the brave should also 
 be the lucky and pride themselves upon their trappings and collars. — 
 Macleane, tvith modifications. 
 
 1. It is idle to ask who is the Gallius (or Gallus, Galli P, Galle w) 
 to whom this unfinished satire is addressed. 
 2 sqq. Si . . . sidere, " if a fortunate corps is being entered, may 
 
 272 
 
SATIRE XVI. 273 
 
 its gate receive me, a timorous recruit, under a favorable star." 
 Priscian quotes verse 2 twice, with quod si instead of the nam si of 
 the MSS. 
 
 6. Samia. Cf. Verg. Aen. i. 16. 
 
 8. Ne. . . . audeat follows illud erit (commodum), because " subest 
 notio impediendi velprohibendi" (Hand. Turs. iv. 42). 
 
 9. Immo, nay more. 
 
 11. Offam, swelling. 
 
 12. Medioo nil promittente, of which the doctor gives no hope. 
 13 sq. " He who would have redress for these injuries has assigned 
 
 to him for judge a Bardaic shoe, and big legs at big benches." The 
 Bardaici or Vardiaci (called also Vardaei) were an Illyrian tribe. 
 The Bardaicus calcevCs represents here a centurion. " Judioem dare 
 was properly said of the praetor urbanus, who could appoint, if he 
 pleased, a judex privatus to hear a private case at the instance of the 
 plaintiff. " Here the praetor sends the plaintiff to a military court. 
 
 14. Grandes dantur magna ad subsellia complenda surae. Cf. Na- 
 gelsbach Stil. \ 122, 2. 
 
 15. More Camilli is not to be taken strictly, but represents gener- 
 ally the ancient military usages of Rome. 
 
 18. Cognitio, the jurisdiction. — Derit = deerit. 
 
 19. Justae querelae. Genitive of quality. 
 
 20. Each cohort was divided into six centuries or three maniples. 
 23. Corde, understanding. — Who Vagellius was we know not. 
 26. Tarn Pylades, i. e. so devoted a friend. — Molem aggeris ultra, 
 
 beyond the mole of the rampart, i. e. within the rampart of the camp. 
 Agger is the rampart of Servius Tullius, which overlooked the prae- 
 torian camp. A friend must be ready to give his life, as was Pylades, 
 or he must live so remote from the city as to have no cause to dread 
 the wrath of the praetorians, to be willing to give testimony in your 
 behalf against a soldier. 
 
 31. I will deem him such a man as the noblest worthies of the good 
 old times. The Romans wore their hair long and their beards uncut 
 until 300 B. c, when barbers were introduced from Sicily. 
 
 33. Paganum, a civilian. Properly, a rustic, a countryman. 
 
 34. Fortunam, the interests. — Pudorem, honor ; good name. 
 
 36. Sacramento rum, of military life. Literally, of the soldier's oath. 
 
 38 sq. Medio, intervening ; which separates our estates. — At the 
 
 Terminalia, every February, the owners of adjacent property made 
 
 offerings of cakes of meal and honey, etc., to the god Terminus. 
 
 Sometimes a lamb, or a sucking pig, was slaughtered. — Patulo, 
 
 18— Juv. 
 
274 NOTES. 
 
 broad. — Any one whose landmark was removed had an actio termini 
 moti against the person who did it. 
 
 40. Pergit, etc., persists in not restoring money deposited with 
 him. In this case the aggrieved party had an actio depositi. 
 
 41. Repeated from xiii. 137. 
 
 42 sq. I shall have to wait for the year in which the suits of a. 
 whole people begin (literally, which begins the suits, etc.). "These 
 suits would be brought before the centumviral court. Suits could be 
 begun only in the half year from the 1st of March to the 1st of Sep- 
 tember (Mommsen, Histor.-Philolog. Gesellsch. Breslau, 1857, i. 2, 1). 
 If the suit was not brought to an end within a magistrate's year, 
 praescriptio, or limitation ensued. To avoid this, it was necessary to 
 await the beginning of a new magistrate's term of office, in order to 
 obtain at least the longest possible time for the action. (Keller, 
 Litis Contestation, 135 sq.) " 
 
 43. Tunc quoque —   si litibus inchoatis petitori praetor formulam 
 dedit, i. e. causam recepit. 
 
 45. Sternuntur. I. e. with cushions. 
 
 45 sq. The court is broken up on some pretext or other, just as 
 Caedicius is taking off his cloak to plead, or Fuscus is preparing 
 himself for a long speech. 
 
 47. Lenta . . harena, and we contend only with the retarding sand 
 of the forum. Instead of a contest jure et disceptatione fori, we 
 have only the trouble of going away. (Weidner.) Others translate, 
 " and the forum is but a slow arena for our combat." 
 
 49. Agendi, of going to law. 
 
 51 sqq. " According to Roman law, all the property amassed by a 
 son during his .father's lifetime belonged to the latter (was in his 
 potestas), and could be disposed of by him only. The early emperors, 
 with a view to making military service popular, allowed an excep- 
 tion to this law in the case of the earnings of soldiers. The castrense 
 peculium was the private property of the soldier and at his disposal." 
 
 53. In corpore census, incorporated in the private fortune ; a part 
 of the property which was under the father's control. 
 
 54. Omne regimen, unlimited control. — The name Coranus may 
 be borrowed from Hor. Sat. ii. 5, 55 sqq. 
 
 56 sq. Hunc labori, such an one deserved favor advances, and 
 
 returns its due rewards to his honorable service. — Favor is a conjec- 
 ture of Ruperti's, now generally adopted. The MSS. give tabor. 
 
 60. The satire breaks off abruptly, and was evidently left un- 
 finished. 
 
THE FIFTH SATIRE OF PERSIUS. 
 
 This satire is addressed by Aulus Persius Flaccus, — the young 
 Etruscan nobleman, whose pure morals, attractive character, and un- 
 timely death excite an even greater interest than the few works he 
 left behind him, — to his friend and teacher, the philosopher, gram- 
 marian, and rhetorician Lucius Annaeus Cornutus. Persius went to 
 this distinguished master at the age of sixteen (A. D. 50 or 51) to be 
 instructed in the Stoic philosophy, and afterwards, it appears, re- 
 ceived him into his house, leaving him at his death (a. d. 62) his 
 library and a large sum of money, of which the former only was 
 accepted by Cornutus. 
 
 " In style no less than in matter" the fifth is generally regarded as 
 11 facile princep8 amongst the Satires of Persius." I give the Argu- 
 ment in the words of Pretor. 
 
 ARGUMENT. 
 
 1-4. ' O that I had a hundred tongues ! ' says Persius. 
 
 5-18. ' Why so ? ' (asks Cornutus) : ' they are not needed by the 
 Satirist.' 
 
 19-51. ' True enough : but I require them to enable me to sing your 
 praises worthily, that I may leave a fitting record of my gratitude to 
 you (21-29), of your kindness to ine (30-40), and of our mutual 
 friendship (41-51). 
 
 52-61. Men's lives are varied, but most men feel when life is end- 
 ing that they lack something. 
 
 62-72. You supply that want by bidding them seek philosophy 
 betimes ; 
 
 73-90. which alone can give a liberty far surpassing that of the 
 slave set free by the magistrate, or of the self-styled ' independent ' 
 man ; 
 
 91-104. for no magistrate can impart to you a knowledge of the 
 
 275 
 
276 NOTES. 
 
 real duties of life, and no man may do just what he pleases, but only 
 that for which nature has fitted him. 
 
 105-114. If philosophy has taught you to distinguish between 
 virtue and vice, and to free your soul from the dominion of the 
 passions, you are really and truly free ; 
 
 115-123. but, if you are not entirely in the right, you must be al- 
 together in the wrong. 
 
 124-131. You are thinking only of bodily slavery, and forget that 
 you may be the slave of your passions : 
 
 132-141. as of Avarice ; 
 
 142-153. of Luxury; 
 
 154-160. ( from one or other of which you are seldom altogether free:) 
 
 161-174. of Love ; 
 
 175-179. of Ambition ; 
 
 180-188. of Superstition. 
 
 189-191. Tell all this to a captain in the army, and he '11 laugh at 
 us for our pains.' 
 
 1, 2. Vatibus hie mos est, this is a way bards have. Examples 
 are familiar and abundant; cf. Horn. 77. ii. 488 sqq. ; Verg. Aen. vi. 
 625; Georg. ii. 43; Ov. Met. viii. 532. Valerius Flaccus (vi. 36) 
 thinks a thousand mouths too few. — In carmina, for the purposes of 
 song (Conington). 
 
 3. Ponatur, is set on the stage. Others, is taken in hand. 
 
 4. Parthi may be either subjective or objective genitive; the 
 wounds may be those he inflicts, drawing his scimitar from (near) his 
 groin, or those from which he suffers, as he drags the dart that shot 
 him from his groin. The last interpretation is much to be preferred. 
 
 5 sq. Quantas . . . niti, what lumps of solid poetry are you cram- 
 ming, so big that you require to strain a hundred throats t 
 
 7. Nebulas Helicone legunto, gather fogs on Helicon (Macleane). 
 
 8,9. If there be any who are going to set Progne's or Thyestes's pot 
 a boiling, to be the standing supper of poor stupid Glycon (Coning- 
 ton). — Glycon was a tragic actor of those days, who could not under- 
 stand a joke. " He was probably too tragic, and seemed as if he had 
 really ' supped full of horrors,' in spite of the frequent repetition of 
 the process." 
 
 10-13. But you are not squeezing wind with a pair of panting 
 bellows, while the ore is smelting in the furnace, nor with pent-up 
 murmur croaking hoarsely to yourself some solemn nonsense, nor 
 straining and puffing your cheeks till they give way with a " plop." 
 — Stloppo. A word occurring nowhere else, perhaps coined by Per- 
 sius. The scholiast says, "stloppo dixit //era^optKws, a ludentibus 
 
THE FIFTH SATIRE OF PERSIUS. 277 
 
 pueria, qui buccas inflatas subito aperiunt, et totum simul flatum cum 
 sonitu funduiit." Stloppo here represents the explosion of the poetic 
 bombast which in the two preceding lines has been represemr.l as 
 gathering. Some MSS» read scloppo, and so Jahn (1808). 
 
 14. Verba togae, the language of every-day life at Home, espe- 
 cially the simple and easy, but refined, language of good socirt?/. - 
 Junctura callidus acri, "with dexterous nicety in poor combinations." 
 Cf. Hor. A. P. 47 sq. : dixeris egregie, notum si callida verbuiu red- 
 diderit junctura novum; A. P. 242 sq. : tantum series junctunwuie 
 pollet, tantum de medio sumptis (cf. " verba togae") accedit honoris. 
 
 15. Ore teres modico, with diction well-turned and smooth. — Pal- 
 lentis radere mores, to rasp unwholesome morals. Pallentis, pale 
 from vice and its consequent diseases. 
 
 16. Et ingenuo culpam defigere ludo, and carry off vice on your 
 lance, in sport that '« fit for gentlemen. 
 
 17. Mycenis. Dative. " Leave Mycenae its feasts." 
 
 18. Capite et pedibus. These were reserved to convince Thyestea 
 of the real character of the food he had been eating. 
 
 Flebeia prandia. The full opposition is between banquets of an 
 unnatural sort in the heroic ages at Mycenae, known in these <lavs 
 only as stage-horrors, with no lesson for life, " raw head and bloody 
 bones," as Dryden renders it, and every-day meals (prandia, not 
 cenae) of the simplest kind, in common society at Rome, whicii show 
 ordinary men as they are. (Conington.) Mensa is contrasted with 
 prandia (cf. Sen. Ep. 83, 6 : sine mensa prandium) as banquet with 
 meal, Tafel with Tisch. (Gildersleeve.) 
 
 Noris. The subjunctive used imperatively. Novi has no impera- 
 tive of its own. And Persius does not hesitate to connect imperatives 
 and imperative subjunctives; cf. Sat. iii. 73 : disce nee invideas. 
 
 19. Bullatis nugis, " air-blown trifles," " frothy nothings." 
 
 22. Excutienda, to be sifted thoroughly. (Conington and Pretor.) 
 The metaphor is from shaking out the folds of a robe, to see if any- 
 thing was concealed in them. 
 
 24. Ostendisse. Once for all. (Gildersleeve.) 
 
 Pulsa, strike it, knock against it ; (to judge of its solidity by the ring.) 
 
 25. Pictae tectoria linguae, the stucco of a painted tongue, for 
 (i painted tongue- stucco." (Conington, " the mere plaster of a varn- 
 ished tongue.") 
 
 26. Hie = in hoc re. Others read his, which would mean ad haec. 
 DepoBcere. Notice the determination that lies in deposcere. (Gil- 
 dersleeve.) 
 
 Y 
 
278 NOTES. 
 
 27. Sinuoso in pectore, " in the very recesses of my breast." 
 
 28. Voce pura. Opposed to pictae linguae. 
 
 29. Fibra, "heart-strings." 
 
 30. " When first the purple resigned its dreaded guardianship over 
 me." — Pavido. I. e. trembling under those who watched over me. — 
 Purpura. I. e. the toga praetexta, with its purple border, which was 
 worn by boys, but laid aside when they took the toga virilis. On the 
 praetexta as a symbol of sanctity, cf. Quint. Decl. 340 : sacrum prae- 
 textarum, quo sacecdotes velantur, quo magistratus, quo infirmitatem 
 pueritiae sacram facimus ac venerabilem. 
 
 31. On the day when the toga virilis was assumed, the boy dedi- 
 cated to the gods his bulla, his playthings, and his long locks. 
 
 Persius calls the Lares succincti, girt up, in allusion to the cinctus 
 Gabinus, in which they were always represented ; the free movement 
 of the body which this style of dress allowed befitted them as deities 
 ever ready to act and help. 
 
 32 sq. Cum blandi comites, when companions were enticing.— To- 
 taque . . . Subura, and my new toga virilis allowed me to go freely 
 in every part of the town. — The Subura was the most thronged and 
 the busiest part of Rome. Cf. Juv. iii. 5; xi. 51. — Jam candidus. 
 No longer with the purple border, but now all white,— toga pura, the 
 toga virilis. — Umbo, the gathering of the folds of the toga over the 
 breast ; here put for the whole toga. 
 
 34. Iter, the way of life.— Vitae nescius error, ramblings, through 
 ignorance of life. 
 
 35. Deducit. Certainly the right reading, although Jahn (1868) 
 adopts diducit. Gildersleeve cites Schliiter's neat distinction : homi- 
 nes in compita ubi viae diducuntur, deduci dicuntur. — Trepidas, be- 
 wildered. — Kamosa in compita, to the fork where the roads branch 
 off. Persius alludes to the old image of the two diverging paths, 
 which represent the alternative offered to youth of virtue or vice, at 
 the end of the unconscious life of infancy and childhood. 
 
 36. Me tibi supposui, " I threw myself as a son into your arms." 
 (Gildersleeve.) " I put myself under your teaching." (Macleane.) 
 
 37 sq. Fallere . . . sollers, your ruler, skilful to surprise, straight- 
 ens my moral twists to which it is applied. — Intortos mores, " my 
 warped nature." 
 
 39. Premitur, is moulded. Or, is broken in ; cf. Verg. Aen. vi. 
 80. — Vincique laborat, and struggles to be subdued. 
 
 40. Artificem, artistic, finished. — Ducit, takes on; "like saxa . . 
 ducere formam (Ov. Met. i. 402)." 
 
THE FIFTH SATIRE OF PERSIUS. 279 
 
 42. Frimas noctes, the early hours of the night. — Epulis. Either 
 "for feasts," or "from the banquet, (for study)." 
 
 43. Requiem, se. unam. 
 
 45. Non with the imperative subjunctive, instead of the regular ne, 
 is found also in Pers. Sat. i. 5. It is frequent in Juvenal. 
 
 46. Cf Hor. Carm. ii. 17, 21 sq. : utrumque nostrum incredibili 
 modo consentit astrum.— Duci, are guided. So Conington translates, 
 although he says in his commentary, "duci, apparently = cepisse 
 originem." 
 
 48. Nata fidelibus bora, the birth-hour ordained for faithful 
 friends. 
 
 49. In, between. " Dividit in Geminos, like dividere nummos in 
 viros." 
 
 50. Gravem. The influence of Saturn was regarded in astrology as 
 malignant. — - Nostro Jove, our own Jupiter, Jupiter who to us is 
 propitious. 
 
 51. Nescio quod astrum, some star there is. Nescio quod is a 
 livelier substitute for aliquod. Conington most unaccountably pre- 
 fers the reading nescio quid. We want the adjective pronoun here, 
 not the substantive. — Me tibi temperat, blends vie with thee. 
 
 52. Rerum usus, the practice of life. — Discolor, of various hue ; 
 " wears the most different colors." 
 
 53. Velle suum, his own desire. Persius is very fond of the use 
 of the infinitive as a regular substantive. Conington cites i. 9 : nos- 
 trum istud vivere triste ; i. 27 : scire tuum; i. 122 : ridere meum; iii. 
 17: pappare minutum ; iii. 18: mammae lallare; vi. 38: sapere 
 nostrum. 
 
 54. Recenti, i. e. eastern. Conington compares Verg. Georg. i. 
 288 : sole novo terras inrorat Eous. 
 
 55. Rugosum piper. " The shrivelling, being the effect of the 
 sun, distinguishes it from the Italian pepper." — Pallentis cumini. 
 Effect for cause ; pale because producing paleness. Cf. Hor. Epp. i. 
 lit, 18: ezsangue cuminum. Cumin was a favorite condiment. 
 
 56. Inriguo turgescere somno, " to bloat himself with balmy 
 sleep." Some take inriguus as implying that the man has well 
 drunken ; one commentator is vulgar enough to make it " sweaty." 
 
 57. Campo. The sports and athletic exercises of the Campus Mar- 
 ti us. — Decoquit, runs through with. 
 
 59. Veteris ramalia fagi, " like the boughs of an old beech-tree." 
 " Mr. Paley has suggested to me," says Pretor, " that </>«7y«j and fagus 
 are probably identical, and represent the edible acorn tree {quercus 
 
280 NOTES. 
 
 aescula) rather than the beech as the latter word is ordinarily trans- 
 lated." 
 
 60. Crassos, gross. — Palustrem. I. e. dimmed by marsh vapors 
 
 61. Sibi, with ingemuere. (Con.) — Kelictam = ante actam. 
 
 63 sq. Cultor introduces the metaphor which is carried on in pur- 
 gatas, inserts, and fruge. Purgatas, cleared of weeds. Insere aures 
 fruge, a variety for inserere auribus fruges. Fruge, here of grain 
 for seed. (Conington.) 
 
 64. Fruge Cleantbea, the grain of Cleanthes, i. e. the pure doc- 
 trines of the Stoics. 
 
 65. Finem certum, a definite aim. 
 
 66. Idem eras net. I. e. " to-morrow will tell the same tale as to- 
 day." 
 
 66 sq. Quid? quasi magnum nempe diem donas ? What? do you 
 mean to say that it is as if it were a great present that you give me a 
 day? 
 
 69. Egerit hos annos, is baling out these years of ours. 
 1. Cantum, the tire; here put for the wheel itself. 
 
 72. Cum, seeing that. 
 
 73 sqq. With this verse the real argument of the satire begins, 
 after the address to Cornutus. The theme is libertate opus est. — 
 Velina, sc. tribu. — " The name of a man's tribe is put in the abla- 
 tive as a whence case." — Hon hac, ut . . . . possidet, not after the 
 prevalent fashion, by which each man that has worked his way up to 
 a Publius in the Veline tribe is owner of a ticket for a ration of 
 musty spelt. (Gildersleeve.) — Publius. When a slave was given his 
 liberty he took his master's praenomen and gentile name. — Tesse- 
 rula. A contemptuous diminutive. Cf. Juv. vii. 174, note. 
 
 75. Veri. Genitive. 
 
 76. Vertigo, twirl. " The reference is to the manumissio per vin- 
 dictam, which made a slave a full citizen, the lictor touching him 
 with the vindicta, the master turning him round and ' dismissing him 
 from his hand' with the words hunc hominem liberum esse volo." — 
 Non tressis, not worth three coppers. 
 
 77. In, in the mailer of. — Farragine, a feed of corn. 
 
 78. Momento turbinis exit, literally by the motion of the twirl he 
 comes out with a praenomen. Almost = " by the mere act of twirl- 
 ing." 
 
 79. Papae, prodigious ! " Wondrous change ! " 
 
 79-81. Marco .... tabellas. " After this, can anybody think of 
 his antecedents — hesitate about lending money on his security — 
 
THE FIFTH SATIRE OF PERSIUS. 281 
 
 feel qualms when he is on the bench ? Impossible ! he is a Roman — 
 his word is good for anything — so is his signature." (Conington.) 
 
 81. Adsigna tabellas, put your seal to this document, as a witness. 
 
 82. Pillea (pilea), liberty caps, which were put on the heads of 
 slaves when they were manumitted. 
 
 83-85. An . . . Bruto. So speaks the stable-boy, just become a 
 citizen. 
 
 84. With the second licet supply mihi. 
 
 85. Bruto. Than the very founder of Roman liberty. — Mendose 
 colligis, your syllogism is faulty. 
 
 86. Stoicus hie, our stoic friend, is Persius's way of describing 
 himself, like the common expression hie homo, avfip 86e. (Conington.) 
 — Aurem mordaci lotus aceto, his ear well rinsed with good sharp 
 vinegar. Vinegar was used in cases of deafness. 
 
 87. Licet .... tolle. I deny your minor. " I deny both that you 
 have a will, and that you are free to follow it." — Pretor makes the 
 stoic's admission (reliqua accipio) less comprehensive than the major, 
 and confined to the word vivere : " The mere fact that you are a liv- 
 ing creature I admit ; the inference contained in licet and ut volo I 
 altogether deny." 
 
 88. Vindicta. Instrumental ablative. Cf. verse 76, note. — Meus, 
 my own man. 
 
 90. Masuri rubrica, the canon of Masurius. The allusion is to 
 Masurius Sabinus, an eminent lawyer in the reigns of Tiberius and 
 Nero, who wrote a work in three books entitled Jus Civile. — Ru- 
 brica. Because the titles and first few words of the laws were com- 
 monly picked out with vermilion. Cf. Juv. xiv. 192, note. — Veta- 
 vit for vetuit is found nowhere else, except in a note of Servius on 
 Verg. Aen. ii. 201. Gildersleeve compares Kirke White's " rudely 
 blow'd." 
 
 92. " While I pull your old grandmother out of the heart of you." 
 Veteres avias, " old grandmothers' notions ;" " as we say, prejudices 
 which you imbibed with your mother's milk." 
 
 Non erat, it was not, as you thought. Gildersleeve. 
 
 93 gq. Tenuia (trisyllable, as in Verg. Georg. i. 397, ii. 121, iv. 38) 
 rerum officia, the delicate distinctions of practical duty. — Usum 
 rapidae vitae, " the right management of the rapid course of life." 
 
 95. Sambucam, dulcimer; " a translation not strictly correct, al- 
 though ' dulcimer' suggests the exotic refinement of the sambuca, a 
 four-stringed instrument of Eastern origin, synonymous with culti- 
 vated luxury." — Citius aptaveris, " Q&ttov &> ap^datiat • written out, 
 Y2 
 
282 notes. 
 
 citius aptaveris quam praetor det, but it is better not written out. 
 Notice the Perfect Subjunctive. ' You would sooner succeed in 
 making a dulcimer fit, sooner get a dulcimer to fit [the hand of] a 
 hulking camp-porter.' " (Gildersleeve.) 
 
 96. Stat contra, confronts you. Of. Juv. iii. 290. 
 
 97. " That no one be allowed to do what he will spoil in the doing" 
 98 sq. Publica lex, "the general code," "the universal law." — 
 
 Continet hoc fas, ut teneat vetitos inscitia debilis actus, withholds 
 from weak ignorance the right of reaching heights of action for- 
 bidden it (i. e. above its capacity). Teneo, to attain, reach, as in 
 teneo collem, teneo portum. Here, ss to compass. So J. E. Yonge 
 (Journal of Philology, 1873), according to whom the argument of 
 verses 96-99 is as follows : Reason takes away that " licet." ' You 
 may not do,' she says, ' what you will only spoil.' *■ You cannot do,' 
 adds Nature herself, ' what is above your powers.' The ordinary 
 interpretation is very different : thus Conington translates, " It is a 
 statute contained in the general code of humanity and nature, that 
 ignorance and imbecility operate as an embargo on a forbidden ac- 
 tion." Jahn takes teneat in the sense of pursue, instead of either 
 refrain from or attain. 
 
 100. Certo conpescere puncto examen, to bring the index of the 
 steel-yard to rest at' a certain point ; i. e. to weigh accurately. The 
 examen is the tongue or index of the statera (sieel-yard). 
 
 102. Navem poscat sibi, should ask for the command of a ship. 
 
 103. Melicerta, a name for Palaemon, son of Leucothoe, identified 
 with Portunus, a protecting god of harbors. 
 
 104. Frontem, modesty. — De rebus, from the world.— Recto talo 
 = uprightly. 
 
 105. Veri speciem dinoscere, to distinguish the semblance of truth 
 (from its reality). 
 
 106. Ne qua {species) . . . auro, " that no seeming truth give a 
 faulty ring, due to the copper underneath the gold" 
 
 107. Vicissim, on the other hand. 
 
 109. Presso lare, " your establishment within your income t" 
 
 111. Cf. Hor. Epp. i. 16, 63 sq. 
 
 112. Without greedily gulping down the water of treasure trove in 
 your mouth t (Conington.) So Gifford: "Without finding like a 
 greedy glutton that your mouth waters at the sight of such a prize." 
 
 113. Haec mea sunt, teneo, these qiialities are mine, I possess them. 
 
 114. Praetoribus ac Jove dextro, by the favor of the praetors and 
 Jove as well. 
 
THE FIFTH SATIRE OF PERSIUS. 283 
 
 115. Nostre farinae, of our grain ; M one of our batch ; " i. e. of 
 the Stoic school. 
 
 117. Relego, / take back. The word is used in Valerius Flaecus 
 vi. 237 of drawing back a spear. — Vapido in pectore, in the musty 
 cellar of your bosom. 
 
 118. Funem reduco, I draw in the rope. — The sum of the lour 
 verses 115-118 is thus given by Gildersleeve : If, despite your fair 
 weniing, your smooth regal brow, you retain your old nature, and the 
 old Reynard — the old rascal that swindled his master for a feed of 
 corn — is still in your heart, I take back all that 1 have granted; 
 you 're a slave still. 
 
 119 sq. Nil .... est ? Reason has given you no power over any- 
 th ing ; put out your finger, and you make a wrong move ; and yet (et 
 = et tamen) what action so trivial t 
 
 120. Litabis, " taken in connection with the next line, has virtu- 
 ally the force of impetrabis." 
 
 122. Haec. I. e. stultum et rectum. 
 
 123. " You cannot dance in time even three steps of Bathyllus's 
 satyr." — Ad numeros moveri is to take steps in time. — Moveare   
 mover i pot es. — Satyrum is a kind of cognate accusative. — Bathyl- 
 lus was a comic dancer in the time of Augustus. " The mention of 
 him here is an instance of Persius's habit of looking rather to books 
 than to life." 
 
 124. Unde datum hoc sentis, " who gave you leave to think so? " 
 — Subdite, vocative. The thought is, cum subditus sis. 
 
 126. The strigiles (cf. Juv. iii. 263) would be carried to the bath, 
 that the master might use them after bathing. Of course he would 
 want his own. — Crispinus seems to be the name of the bath-keeper. 
 
 127. Servitium acre, the goad of bondage. 
 
 129. Quod nervos agitet, to jerk your wires. 
 
 130. Qui, how. 
 
 131. Atque = quam. 
 
 132. Heia, come ! 
 
 133. Negas, No, say you. 
 
 134. Ponto, from Pontus. 
 
 135. Lubrica Coa. Probably, gleaming Coan garments, the gossa- 
 mer-like silks of Cos. Others, "the oily (or laxative) Coan wines." 
 
 136. Recens, "just in." — Primus, be the first to ; " forestall the 
 market." — Sitiente, " thirsty from its journey over the desert, before 
 the driver has had time to attend to its wants." 
 
 137. Verte, turn something over ; your money or your stock. The 
 
284 NOTES. 
 
 scholiast interprets it, negotiate, et speciem pro specie commute. — 
 Eheu, whew ! 
 
 138 sq. Baro (varo) you lout (Conington), "Querkopf," "Tolpel." 
 — Regustatum . . . perages, " you will go on to the end of the chap- 
 ter satisfied with drilling a hole with your thumb in the salt cellar 
 that you've had so many a taste out of." Rubbing the salt-cellar 
 into holes to get the last grain of salt expresses, as says Macleane, the 
 extremity of poverty. — Cum, " on good terms with." 
 
 140. Pueris aptas, you are thrusting on the slaves ; you are load- 
 ing the slaves with. — Fellem, a skin, used perhaps as a packing- 
 cloth. Others, " a peasant's coat of untanned hide, /Jam?." 
 
 142. Rapias, scour. — Sollers, artful. 
 
 143. Seductum moneat, takes you aside for a warning. 
 
 144. Mascula = robusta. — Bilis here implies madness. 
 146. Tun = tu-ne. — Fulto agrees with tibi. 
 
 147 sq. Veientanumque .... obba, and shall a squab jug exhale 
 the fumes of reddish Veientan spoilt by the fusty pitch t — Casks and 
 jars were pitched in order to preserve the wine. 
 
 149 sq. Ut nummi .... deunces, that your money you had been 
 nursing here at a modest five per cent., may go on to sweat out a 
 greedy eleven per cent, f 
 
 151 sq. Nostrum . . . vivis, your life is ours, belongs to you and 
 me : all we have now is that you live. Two other explanations are, 
 only that part of life which you bestow on me is life ; and, It is all 
 in our favor that you are alive. 
 
 153. Hoc quod loquor inde est, this very speech of mine is so much 
 taken off from it. 
 
 154. Cf. Verg. Aen. ii. 39 : scinditur incertum studia in contraria 
 vulgus. — Duplici hamo, a couple of hooks. 
 
 155 and 156. Alternus, by turns. — Oberres, go at large. 
 
 159. Nodum, " the knot, by which the chair is fastened to the bar 
 of the door (sera). Cf. Prop. iv. 11, 26." 
 
 161-174. A dialogue between a confidential slave, Davus, and his 
 young master, Chaerestratus, imitated from the JEunuchus of Me- 
 nander. 
 
 163. An ... . cognatis, what ! shall I be a standing disgrace in 
 the way of my sober relations t 
 
 165. TJdas, dripping. Variously explained, as " with unguents," 
 "with wine," "with tears," " with rain" (cf. Hor. Carm. iii. 10, 19 
 sq. : non hoc semper erit liminis aut aquae caelestis patieus latus). 
 
 169. Puer, my boy. 
 
THE FIFTH SATIRE OF PERSIUS. 285 
 
 170. Trepidare, to be restive. 
 
 174. Hie, adverb. " If a man can make such a resolution and 
 keep it, he is the free man, — not the lictor's whirligig." 
 
 175. Festuca, straw, stubble. " Plutarch, de S. N. Vind., p. 550, 
 says that one of the lictors threw stubble on the manumitted slave. 
 The word appears to be technical, not used in a contemptuous sense. 
 Krf'stiicare occurs in the laws of the Alemanni and Saxons, and 
 elsewhere in mediaeval Latinity. Palgrave (Hist, of Normandy and 
 England, vol. ii., q. v.) says, ' No symbol was of such universal appli- 
 cation among ancient nations as the stipula, the festuca, the culm, 
 the harem.' " (Conington.) 
 
 176. Palpo, " maker of smooth speeches." 
 
 177 sq. Cretata ambitio, " the white-washed goddess of canvass- 
 ing." (Conington.) The toga of candidates for office (candidati) 
 was rubbed with chalk to make it whiter. — Vigila, " be up early ; " 
 " look alive."— Cicer . . . populo," ply the scrambling rabble well with 
 peas." (Pretor.) Cicer, retches, a cheap article of food. — Nostra. 
 I. e. celebrated in our aedileship. — Floralia. At the festival of 
 Flora (28th April to 3d May i plays and brilliant games were exhib- 
 ited, whose handsome preparation was one of the most important 
 duties of a curule aedile. Among other customs of the festival, beans 
 and vetches, the customary food of the lower classes, were thrown 
 among the people, who scrambled for them to fill their bosoms. Cf. 
 Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 182; Mart. viii. 78, 8. 
 
 179. Aprici *■ apricantes. — Quid pulchrius ! Best taken as the 
 comment of the old men upon the remembered splendors of the 
 entertainment: Was ever anything finer t Jahn thinks it an iron- 
 ical comment of Persius. 
 
 180. Herodis dies. According to the scholiast, the birthday of 
 Herod the Great, which would naturally be celebrated by the Hero- 
 dians. " Horace, in his various mentions of Judaism,evidently implies 
 that it was spreading, talked of, if not favored by the higher orders." 
 
 180 sqq. XInctaque .... violas, and the lamps, arranged in the 
 greasy windows, supporting violet- wreaths, send up their unctuous 
 clouds. — The violae may have been either our violets or pansies. 
 
 182. Rubrum, " the common color of pottery." — Amplexa, coiled 
 round. 
 
 183. Tumet, bulges. 
 
 184. Sabbata. " Persius seems to mix up feasts and fasts rather 
 strangely, apparently with the notion that all the Jewish observances 
 were gloomy."— Palles. Cf. Hor. Carm. iii. 27, 28. 
 
286 NOTES. 
 
 185. Turn, next. — Lemares, hobgoblins. — Ovo pericnla rupto. 
 The scholiast says priests used to put eggs on the fire and observe 
 whether the moisture came out from the side or the top, the bursting 
 of the egg being considered a very dangerous sign. This observation 
 was called taooKmracfj. (Conington and Jahn.) 
 
 186. Two kinds of superstition are indicated : the old one of Cybele, 
 and the later one of Isis. — Lusca. " Blindness was a special visita- 
 tion of Isis. The priestess is supposed to be called lusca, as having 
 herself felt the wrath of the goddess." 187. Incussere deos inflan- 
 tis corpora, strike into you the gods that have a way of swelling out 
 men's bodies, i. e. that send various diseases. — Incussere. Gnomic 
 aorist. 
 
 188. Praedictuxn, prescribed. 
 
 189 sq. Dixeris . . ridet = si dixeris, ridet. — Varricosos, i. e. qui 
 varices habent, qualibus laborare solent qui diu multumque stant vel 
 pedibus eunt. (Jahn.) " With the large calves," Conington. Others, 
 straddling. * 
 
 190. Crassum ridet, "breaks into a horse-laugh." — Fulfennius. The 
 name is written various ways in the MSS., as Vulfenius, Pulfennius 
 (" J aim's last "). Fulfennius was preferred by Jahn in his first edi- 
 tion, both as found in two MSS. summae auctoritatis and in an ancient 
 inscription (Murat. p. 816, 7). But the question is one on the shadow 
 of an ass. — Ingens, " huge ; " " great, overgrown." " Persius hates 
 the military cordially as the most perfect specimens of developed 
 animalism, and consequently most antipathetic to a philosopher." 
 (Conington, on Pers. Sat. iii. 77-87.) • 
 
 191. And bids " a clipped dollar " for a hundred Greek philos- 
 ophers. 
 
 s.nsai 
 
CHASE & STUART'S 
 
 CLASSICAL SERIES, 
 
 EDITED BY 
 THOMAS CHASE, A. M., GEORGE STUART, A. M., 
 
 PRESIDENT OF HAVERFORD COLLEGE, PROFESSOR OF THE LATIN LANGUAGE, 
 
 Pennsylvania, Central High School, Philada., 
 
 AND 
 
 E. P. CROWELL, A. M., 
 
 PROFESSOR OF LATIN IN AMHERST COLLEGE. 
 
 The publication of this edition of the Classics was suggested by 
 the constantly increasing demand by teachers for an edition which, 
 by judicious notes, would give to the student the assistance really 
 necessary to render his study profitable, furnishing explanations of 
 passages difficult of interpretation, of peculiarities of syntax, etc., 
 and yet would require him to make faithful use of his Grammar and 
 Dictionary. 
 
 It is believed that this Classical Series needs only to be known to 
 insure its very general use. The Publishers claim for it peculiar 
 merit, and beg leave to call attention to the following important par- 
 ticulars : 
 
 The purity of the texts. 
 
 The clearness and conciseness of the notes, and their adaptation to 
 the wants of students. 
 
 The beauty of the type and paper. 
 
 The handsome style of binding. 
 
 The convenience of the shape and size. 
 
 The low price at which the volumes are sold. 
 
 The preparation of the whole Series is the original work of Ameri- 
 can scholars. 
 
 287 
 
CHASE & STUABT CLASSICAL SERIES. 
 
 The Series contains the following volumes, viz. : 
 
 Caesar's Commentaries, with Notes and Lexicon. 
 
 Six Books of Virgil's .^Eneid, with Notes and Lexicon. 
 
 Cicero's Select Orations, with Notes and Lexicon. 
 
 Sallust's Catiline and Jugurtha. Notes and Lexicon. 
 
 Virgil's Eclogues and Georgies. Notes and Lexicon. 
 
 Cornelius Nepos, with Notes and Lexicon. 
 
 Virgil's ^Eneid, with Notes. 
 
 Horace's Odes, Satires, and Epistles, with Notes. 
 
 Livy, with Notes. 
 
 Cicero De Senectute et De Amieitia, with Notes. 
 
 Cicero De Offieiis, with Notes. 
 
 Cicero's Tusculan Disputations, with Notes. 
 
 Terence, with Notes. 
 
 Tacitus, with Notes. 
 
 Juvenal, with Notes. 
 
 Cicero De Oratore, with Notes. 
 
 Ovid. In Preparation. • 
 
 The various books of this Series are probably more generally used 
 than any other editions of the Classics published in this country, and 
 the Publishers pledge themselves that the entire Series shall con- 
 tinue to be 
 
 In Scholarship Inferior to None. 
 
 In Appearance The Most Attractive. 
 
 In Binding The Most Durable. 
 
 In Price The Most Reasonable. 
 
 For further information, please address 
 
 Eldredge & Brother, 
 
 Educational Publishers, 
 
 No. 17 North Seventh Street, 
 9 a« PHILADELPHIA. 
 
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE 
 STAMPED BELOW 
 
 AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS 
 
 WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN 
 THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY 
 WILL INCREASE TO 50 CENTS ON THE FOURTH 
 DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY 
 OVERDUE. 
 
 AUG 30 1932 
 
 SEP 10 1932 
 SEP !»*« 
 
 JUL 21 1942 
 
 <S 
 
 it 
 
 
VB 3839