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 ROBINSON'S 
 
 GUIDE TO RICHMOND: 
 
 COMPRISING 
 
 HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE NOTICES OF THE 
 CASTLE, MONASTIC REMAINS, 
 
 WALKS, VIEWS, &c. 
 EMBRACING ASKE AND ROKEBY. 
 
 WITH SIX LITHOGRAPHIC PRINTS. 
 
 RICHMOND : 
 
 W. R. ROBINSON, BOOKSELLER, STATIONER, ANB 
 BOOKBINDER, ETC., KING-STREET. 
 
 MDCCCXXZHI.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page- 
 
 Archery . . . .44 
 
 Arthur's Oven ... 30 
 
 Aske Hall . . . .48 
 
 Ballad, ancient ... 87 
 
 Blackburne, Archdeacon . . 93 
 
 Bowes's Bede House . . 85 
 
 Castle of Richmond . . .12 
 
 Cataractonium ... 86 
 
 Chapel, Trinity, (Market-place) . .19 
 
 Church, Parish ... 21 
 
 Church-yard, lines written in .61 
 
 Clink Bank ... 25 
 
 Coins, &c., found at Richmond . . 85 
 
 Confessional, ancient, in the Castle . 15 
 
 Cuit, notice of his life * . 82 
 
 Easby Abbey ... 27 
 
 Egglestone Abbey . . .17. 56 
 
 Friars of Richmond . . 87 
 
 Friary . . . .35 
 
 Harris, Lord, invitation to Richmond 64 
 
 Ibbetson, Julius . . .83 
 
 Invitation to Richmond, poetical . 64 
 
 Jenkins, Henry . . 46 
 
 Knowles, Herbert . . 60
 
 Tl 
 
 Methodist Chapel . . .35 
 
 Mortham Tower ... 55 
 
 Paintings at Aske . . .48 
 
 Painting, ancient 85 
 
 Paper Mill .\ . . 39 
 
 Plants, rare, list of . . 67 
 
 Queen Elizabeth, ancient Portrait of . ; 85 
 
 Richmond, origin of . . . 9 
 
 Rokeby . . . .53 
 
 Rokeby, Felon Sow of . . 87 
 
 Roman Catholic Chapel . . 37 
 
 Round Howe ... 38 
 
 Saint Agatha's Abbey, Easby . .-27 
 
 Saint Martin's Priory . . 25 
 
 Saint Nicholas's Hospital ...... . 33 
 
 School. Grammar ... 25 
 
 School, National ; . . . 25 
 
 Scots' Dyke . , . 31 
 
 Sedbury . . . .52 
 
 Statuary at Aske . . t 51 
 
 Tate, Rev. James , . .25 
 
 Tate, Rev. James, addresses to , 97 
 
 Tate, Mr. J. . . . 100 
 
 Temple, llev. Anthony , , 95 
 
 Views, description of , . .40 
 
 West Field , . .38. 43 
 
 Wycliffe, John . . .58 
 
 Yorke's Grounds. . . 37
 
 LIST OF THE PLATES. 
 
 Richmond Castle and Bridge, to face the title. 
 
 Richmond Castle and Force . . p. 17 
 
 Abbey of St. Agatha, at Easby . 27 
 
 Richmond Castle from the S. W. . . 41 
 
 View on the Greta ... 53 
 
 Fitz Hugh's Tomb, and Mortham Tower . 56
 
 ROBINSON S 
 
 GUIDE TO RICHMOND, 
 
 THE town of Richmond is indebted for its origin 
 to the commanding and almost impregnable site 
 which its prominent Hill afforded for the erection 
 of a Baronial Castle. 
 
 When the Norman Conqueror had completed the 
 subjugation of the Saxons, he portioned out the 
 lands of their nobles among such of his country- 
 men as had supported him by their counsel and 
 courage, and shared the dangers of his daring en- 
 terprise. Among these, Alan le Roux, or the Red, 
 was distinguished for his fidelity and bravery, and 
 about the year 1069 he was rewarded by his royal 
 master with the dignity of an Earl, and the more 
 substantial guerdon of the whole possessions of 
 Edwin, the Saxon Earl of Mercia. His Yorkshire 
 domains comprised no less than 164 Manors, and
 
 10 
 
 the chief mansion was situate at Gilling, about 
 three miles to the north of Richmond. Finding, 
 however, the policy, if not the necessity, of erecting 
 a larger and stronger fortress, he began, about the 
 year 1071, the foundation of Richmond Castle ; 
 and by virtue of his rank as Earl or Count,* his 
 newly acquired territories were styled a County^ 
 under the name of Richmondshire. 
 
 As regards the name given to the place by its 
 princely owner, Dr. Whitaker alleges that as it was 
 built on a barren rocky he must have called it 
 Rich-mount merely from a feeling of partiality : 
 but surely it is more reasonable to suppose that 
 the Mount was then covered with the dense luxu- 
 riance of a natural forest, which would furnish 
 the builders with a rich supply both of timber and 
 firewood. 
 
 The erection of so large a pile of buildings 
 must naturally have drawn together a number of 
 artificers and labourers ; and after it had become the 
 residence of the Earl and his standing force of 
 military followers, the supply of his household, and 
 the security from rapine, would induce traders and 
 small landowners to settle around its walls. Thus 
 began the borough of Richmond, and in the year 
 1145, it had so far increased in numbers and im- 
 portance, that the Earl granted to his burgesses of 
 Richmond, "His borough and the land of Fon- 
 tenay." 
 
 * Earl is the Saxon, Count the Norman designation for the same 
 dignity.
 
 11 
 
 The town was next surrounded with walls and 
 gates : but the steady administration of just laws 
 has long since rendered them unnecessary and they 
 have all been removed as useless obstructions, ex- 
 cept the Bargate Bar, on the west side of the castle 
 hillj and the Friars' Postern, in Friars' wynd. 
 
 The government of the town, and the manage- 
 ment of its corporate revenues, are vested in a mayor 
 and twelve aldermen, who are assisted by a recor- 
 der, town-clerk, and other officers. The weekly 
 market is held on Saturday ; the charter-fairs are 
 two, one of them on the Saturday before Palm Sunday, 
 the other on the Saturday after Holy-rood day., 
 There is, also, a toll-free fair for horses at Can- 
 dlemas. 
 
 The borough stills continues to send two mem- 
 bers to Parliament. The present representatives 
 
 are Sir Robert and the Honourable John Dundas. 
 u2
 
 12 
 
 THE CASTLE. 
 
 THE first object which attracts the admiring gaze 
 of the stranger on approaching Richmond, is its no- 
 ble Castle ; once the abode of a princely and pow- 
 erful race, allied both by blood and subsequent 
 marriages to the royal family of England. 
 
 Its first foundation, as previously mentioned, was 
 laid by Alan the Red, the first Earl of Richmond, 
 somewhere about the year 1071. 
 
 Dr. Whitaker contends, that as the Castle of Rich- 
 mond is not mentioned in Domesday Book, it could 
 not have been commenced until after the completion 
 of that document in 1086. 
 
 He forgets, however, that the surveys, from which 
 domesday was compiled, were made at different times, 
 during several years previous to its completion, and 
 that the survey of this part of the kingdom might, 
 perhaps, be taken at a very early period of the work. 
 But again, we read in domesday, (as cited by 
 Coke 1, Inst. 5 a) " Comes Alanus habet in suo Cas~ 
 tellatu 200 maneria, et prater castellariam habet 
 43 maneria;" now this clearly implies the existence 
 of a castle some where or other within the two hun- 
 dred manors which composed the castlcry, and as 
 domesday does not mention any other castle within 
 the district, the castellatus may surely be presumed 
 as referring to the new erection, at Richmond,
 
 13 
 
 On approaching the ruin, we first enter an open 
 space in front of the Great Tower. This was termed 
 the inner bailey, and was surrounded by strong 
 walls, some fragments of which remain : the entrance 
 was defended by two round towers, enclosing the 
 massive gate, before which was the drawbridge, cros- 
 sing the deep moat which encircled the town side of 
 the castle. Passing through a small door, we enter 
 the area of the castle, and proceed to the great 
 square Tower, or Keep, which was erected in the 
 year 1146, by Conan, the third Earl of Richmond. 
 This stupendous monument of feudal quarrels, is 
 ninety-nine feet high ; its base at the outside is fifty- 
 four feet long, by forty-eight feet wide; and the 
 walls are no less than eleven feet in thickness. The 
 lower apartment is covered with a groined roof, rest- 
 ing on a strong octagonal pillar ; at the foot of which 
 is a well, which supplied the garrison with water. It 
 had been constructed when the tower was built, as 
 part of the pillar is hollowed to accord with it. 
 
 This room was used as an arsenal to contain the 
 military stores of the fortress, and admitted no light 
 from without, except through the large arched door- 
 way, which is supposed to have been the entrance into 
 the castle before this tower was built in front of it. 
 In one corner is a winding staircase, projecting from 
 the wall, leading up to the next story, which contains 
 a spacious apartment, lighted by three round headed 
 Norman windows, larger than are usual in such build- 
 ings ; and also a small room, or closet, at the corner, 
 within the thickness of the wall, The roof of this
 
 14 
 
 story has fallen in, but from the next story the stair- 
 case is carried within the wall to the top of the tower. 
 There are, also, various other recesses in the wall, 
 lighted by loop-holes, which, probably, served as 
 sleeping rooms for the soldiers. 
 
 Passing along the eastern wall of the castle, we 
 come to a lesser Tower, in the basemeHt story of 
 which is a small vaulted Chapel, dedicated to St. 
 Nicholas ; its walls are lined with niches for seats, 
 and at the east end is a small window, in a spacious 
 recess, which contained the altar, with a closet on 
 each side, where the chalice, mass books, &c., might 
 be deposited. The rooms above were, perhaps, 
 the apartments of the priest, who, in those dark times, 
 was a very necessary appendage to a nobleman's 
 establishment : not merely in his religious character, 
 but as the "clericus," the clerk or penman. He 
 was frequently the only person in the place who could 
 boast of an intimate acquaintance with the awful 
 mysteries of reading, writing, and arithmetic, and 
 consequently was often in request to write letters, or 
 acquittances, and transact other temporal business for 
 his lord. 
 
 Proceeding along the wall towards the south-east 
 corner, we reach some superior apartments; ol the 
 first, the only relic is an elegant window, almost con- 
 cealed in the clustering ivy, which covers the outside 
 of the wall, and adds much to its picturesque beauty. 
 The next is in a more perfect state the upper room 
 has been lighted by a tall window, looking into the 
 area of the castle, and has evidently been a private
 
 15 
 
 chapel, or oratory, as appears by a small ueat piscina, 
 in the south wall; in the bottom of which are two 
 grooved holes for carrying away the sacramental wine, 
 when accidentally spoiled by any insect or other im- 
 proper admixture. Close to it is one of those singular 
 relics of the Romish religion a confessional. It is 
 an oblong loop-hole in the wall, neatly constructed 
 with large dressed stones; it is narrow on the inner 
 side, where the priest was seated, and opens wider in- 
 to the next room, where the person "doing his shrift," 
 might unbosom his failings without being seen by his 
 ghostly adviser. How many a dark story of rapine, 
 of intrigue, and of blood, has been whispered through 
 this narrow cranny, where the winds now whistle 
 unheeded !* 
 
 Close to this interesting spot, is a Tower, commonly 
 termed the Gold-Tower, from the bottom of which is 
 an arched passage, leading, most probably, to some 
 concealed vaults ; but tradition, which delights in the 
 marvellous, asserts that it passes under the bed of the 
 river to the priory of St. Martin's ! 
 
 In the extreme south-east angle, has been a well 
 lighted and (relatively speaking) comfortable room, 
 which Norman gallantry would, probably, appropriate 
 to the ladies of the castle, as their " bower," or 
 private boudoir. 
 
 We now enter the great Hall of the castle; the 
 scene, long since, of many a stately feast, and many a 
 noisy carousal ; it takes its name from Scolland, lord 
 
 * This Chapel seems to have escaped the notice of all previous 
 Topographers.
 
 16 
 
 of Bedale, and purveyor to earl Alan. The five -win- 
 dows to the south, overlook the Swale and its opposite 
 banks ; the principal entrance was by a flight of steps 
 from the court ; and there are also the remains of 
 a spiral staircase in the north-west corner, which ser- 
 ved for internal passage. The lower apartment was, 
 probably, used as a servants' hall, or dining room for 
 the common soldiers, &c. From hence was the en- 
 trance to the cellar, and also a sally-port leading into 
 the t4 cock pit." Just at the end of the hall of Scol- 
 land, where the wall breaks off even with the surface, 
 is a seat which commands a romantic view of the 
 Swale. His late Majesty George the Fourth, whose 
 taste for the beauties of natural scenery was remark- 
 ably vivid and correct, visited the spot whilst prince 
 of Wales, and expressed his high gratification by de- 
 claring it to be the noblest prospect he had ever 
 beheld. 
 
 Along the south wall of the castle were ranged the 
 kitchen, bakehouse, brewery, &c., and as this side of 
 the castle was impregnable to the modes of attack 
 then in use, they offered no obstructions to the de- 
 fence, in case of a siege. In the south-west corner, 
 stands a solitary Tower, the lower part of which was 
 the dungeon, or place of confinement; it was entered 
 from above, and the wretched occupant would be al- 
 most entirely debarred the cheering light of day, as 
 there appears to have been no doorway or window 
 whatever to it. 
 
 Close by, is a large round headed arch, supposed 
 to have been the west window of the larger, or public

 
 17 
 
 chapel of the castle; in which six monks, from 
 Eggleston Abbey, were engaged by John I. Earl of 
 Richmond, to celebrate perpetual masses for the souls 
 of himself and his wife, &c. Of this chapel, there 
 are no other remains, 'except a postern under the win- 
 dow, intended probably for iihe convenience of 
 the monks. 
 
 To the east of the main wall of the castle, is an 
 inclosed space, called the Cockpit, which was also sur- 
 rounded with a strong wall, and included, on the north 
 side, within the castle moat. It seems, however, to 
 have formed no part of the original structure, and has, 
 most probably, been afterwards taken in, to prevent 
 any hostile force from making a lodgement so nearly 
 on a level with the castle itself. It contained a garden 
 for the use of the garrison, and is now entirely cul- 
 tivated as such. 
 
 The castle has not been the scene of any remarkable 
 incident recorded in the page of history. It stands, 
 as it has stood for ages past, a silent ruin ; Leland, 
 who went through the town between 1530 and 40, de- 
 scribes it as tf in mere ruin," and even so long ago as 
 the fifteenth year of Edward III. a judicial inquiry, 
 made on the oaths of twelve "good and lawful men," 
 informs us with legal precision, that the castle was 
 considerably out of repair, and that "nihil valet per 
 annum^" in plain English, it was " worth no-pounds 
 a year." It seems to have been first dismantled 
 under an order to that effect, made by King John, in 
 the eighteenth year of his reign, but was, after-
 
 18 
 
 wards, partially inhabited by the various retainers 
 who claimed apartments by virtue of their offices. 
 
 It is now the the property of His Grace the Duke 
 of Richmond, who derives his title from it : and in 
 fact, it is the only portion of the extensive domains 
 granted to the first Earls of Richmond, which remains 
 annexed to the title. 
 
 The broad and commodious Terrace Walk, round 
 the base of the castle, next demands attention : 
 and it is here that the superiority of the Yorkshire 
 Richmond Hill over her Surrey namesake, is more de- 
 cidedly marked. The view from the latter presents a 
 monotonous flat of quiet luxuriance; but here the 
 eye is charmed with a rapid succession of the most 
 picturesque objects. The sloping banks, covered 
 with foliage of varied hues ; the clear stream, mur- 
 muring over its rocky bed, beneath the deep shadows 
 of the trees which line its banks, the towering bat- 
 tlements above, the precipitous descent at our feet, 
 the foaming cataract, and the placid pool ; and all 
 these moulding into different combinations at the dis- 
 tance of a few paces, form a series of views rarely 
 equalled in so small a compass.
 
 19 
 
 IN the centre of the spacious Market-place, stands 
 the 
 
 TRINITY CHAPEL, 
 
 an uncouth looking building : its origin is lost in the 
 mists of antiquity, but it is said to have been re-built 
 about the year 1360. In 1712 it ceased to be used as 
 a place of worship, and was for some years in a ruin- 
 ous condition ; but about 1744, it was again repaired 
 by the corporation, who claim the appointment of the 
 minister. The north aisle (which fronts the Market- 
 place) is partitioned off, and used as the Consistory 
 court for the archdeaconry of Richmond. It may here 
 be noticed, as a singular fact, that, five hundred years 
 ago, a kinsman of the well known Prince Talleyrand 
 tie Perigord) was archdeacon of Richmond! Elias Tal- 
 airand was appointed to that dignity by the Pope, in 
 the year 1322: in his letters of collation, he his sty- 
 led u germanus nobilis viri Archambaudi comitis Pe- 
 tragoricensis," i. e. "the cousin-german of the noble 
 gentleman, Archambaud, count of Perigord." In the 
 list of archdeacons annexed to the history of Rich- 
 mond, he is, by a casual mis-translation, styled "a 
 German," without mentioning the Perigord family. 
 
 At a little distance is the Market Cross, erected in 
 1771 ; beneath it is a reservoir, calculated to contain 
 about twelve thousand gallons of water, which is 
 brought from Aislabeck spring, about two miles dis- 
 tant, and distributed from this point to the different 
 parts of the town. 
 
 c2
 
 20 
 
 Behind the Trinity chapel is the Guild, or Town- 
 hall, containing the court where the borough sessions 
 are held ; and a spacious room used for public meet- 
 ings, &c.
 
 21 
 
 PASSING along French-gate, we eome to the 
 PARISH CHURCH, 
 
 A plain and substantial structure, dedicated to St. 
 Mary. The date of its erection is unknown, but the 
 shape of the three windows nearest to the porch in 
 the south aisle, warrants a conjecture, that it was built 
 some time about the year 1300, or a little earlier. 
 The great east window in the chancel, the west win- 
 dow in the steeple, and that at the east end of the 
 south aisle, are fine specimens of the style termed 
 "perpendicular English," which prevailed at the lat- 
 ter end of the fourteenth and beginning of the fif- 
 teenth century, when the church was, most probably, 
 enlarged and beautified, so as to accord with the 
 altered fashion of the times. 
 
 The most remarkable objects, are the beautifully 
 carved stalls, ranged along each side of the choir, 
 which, with the elegant screen, &c., forming the 
 Rector's pew, were brought from Easby Abbey, at 
 the reformation. They appear to have been con- 
 structed only a short time previously to their removal, 
 as a scutcheon, over the mayor's stall, bears an enig- 
 matic device, intended to represent the name of 
 "Abbot Bampton," who presided over the abbey at 
 the time of its dissolution, in the year 1539. Among 
 the graceful tracery which runs along the top of the 
 pew and stalls,* are the disjointed fragments of an
 
 22 
 
 inscription in the old black letter, it merely enume- 
 rates the ten abuses of monasteries, &c. 
 
 In the large east window, are several heraldic 
 paintings, 
 
 " Scutcheons of honor or pretence, 
 " Quarter' d in old armorial sort, 
 "Remains of rude magnifience." 
 
 At the top, on the right, are the three golden horse 
 shoes, the arms of Fountains Abbey on the left, are 
 the arms of John II. earl of Richmond,* who died 
 in 1333. Beneath, in the central compartment, are 
 the ancient royal arms of England ; to the left of 
 which, are the arms of Christopher Urswicke, L.L.D., 
 archdeacon of Richmond in 1493 j and to the right, 
 is an uncoloured shield, bearing the outline of a lion 
 rampant and mascled ; it is not known to whom the 
 latter arms belong. To the extreme left, is a shield, 
 bearing an antique merchant's mark, with the initials, 
 & Z3 in the old black letter. Whilst the privilege of 
 wearing coat-armour was jealously confined to those 
 who were descended from " gentil bloude," the weal- 
 thy traders contented themselves with using, as their 
 heraldic badge, the private mark which each of them 
 was in the habit of inscribing on his bales and casks. 
 Local topographers have often been puzzled in attempt- 
 ing to explain their meaning, but the churches at all 
 the old commercial towns, contain numerous merchants 
 
 This nobleman stood high in the favor of King Edward the Third, 
 but, by his prudent conduct, lie escaped the public odium which proreil 
 to fatal to Gavaston and Despcuier.
 
 23 
 
 monuments, displaying devices of this kind. The 
 roof of the chancel, also deserves attention : the 
 junctions of the pannels have been adorned with ar- 
 morial shields; these, however, have all been removed, 
 except that nearest the pulpit, which, though much 
 faded, has originally been blazoned Or, bordered and 
 fretty sable ; on a canton sable, a chalice Or. They 
 appear to be the arms of an ecclesiastic, and have, 
 probably, been adopted by some rector of the parish, 
 sprung from an obscure family. In the right wall of 
 the chancel, is a curious monument of the reign of 
 Charles I. to the memory of Sir Timothy Hutton, 
 of Marske, and his family; beneath which, are 
 placed on a stand, an ancient copy of Fox's book of 
 martyrs, and the works of Bishop Jewell. 
 
 The pillars which divide the aisles from the body of 
 the church, are of a very massive character, and 
 rudely executed. In the east side of the south pillar, 
 which divides the chancel from the nave, are two 
 small closets, with strong oaken doors and locks, 
 which were used, in popish times, for safe custody of 
 the consecrated wafer, or host. 
 
 On the corbels at the outside of the east window 
 of the southern aisle, are the arms of Fitz-Hugh, 
 three chevronels braced in chief, and a plain chief; and 
 Aske, of Aske hall, three bars. The steeple seems 
 to have been erected, or raised to its present height, 
 by Ralph Neville, earl of Westmoreland, to whom the 
 castle and honor of Richmond were granted by King 
 Henry IV. in the year 1399, as his arms stand carved
 
 24 
 
 on its western battlement. Those of Fitz-Hugh also 
 occur again at the top of the north buttress. 
 
 The last object that engages our attention, is the 
 ancient octagonal font, carved out of a single block of 
 the grey Tees marble. On each of its faces is a shield, 
 six of which are now plain ; on the eastern and west- 
 ern sides there remain the letters rht and t fct. The 
 absence of initial, or capital letters, and the dis- 
 jointed state of the letters, lead us to infer, that these 
 are only the relics of an inscription which (as in nume- 
 rous other instances) originally ran round the font, and 
 which, as the edifice was dedicated to St. Mary, 
 would probably, address her by her then customary 
 titles, thus, " To Mary, the blessed virgin, the queen 
 of heaven, the mother of Christ," and this in the ab- 
 breviated monkish latin, would fill up the eight shields, 
 as follows, | ila | vie | bgn | the | me | alt | mvi [ rhf. 
 The early reformers would, of course, on the restora- 
 tion of the worship of the Almighty, feel it their 
 duty to remove an inscription so directly countenancing 
 the adoration of saints : and they accordingly appear 
 to have chiselled off the whole, except the name of 
 Christ, and the letters on the opposite side. 
 
 The patronage of the church formerly belonged to 
 the abbey of St. Mary, at York, to whom it was 
 granted by their liberal benefactors, the earls of 
 Richmond ; it is now vested in the crown. Not many 
 years since, one thousand and fifty was the utmost 
 number that could be seated in this building, but by 
 the praiseworthy exertions of the present rector, the
 
 25 
 
 Rev. William Barnes, several new pews have been 
 added, end new galleries erected, containing about 
 four hundred and forty sittings, most of which are 
 free to all. 
 
 On leaving the church, we proceed to the short 
 Terrace Walk, at the top of the church yard, leading 
 to the Rectory. Here a delightful vista opens to the 
 eye. On the left is the Clink Bank, thickly clothed 
 with wood, and resting on the slanting stratum of 
 rock, which, rising abruptly out of the river, harmo- 
 nizes remarkably with the perspective. Just at our 
 feet is>the 
 
 FREE GRAMMAR SCHOOL, 
 
 Erected by the burgesses of Richmond, and endowed 
 with the lands which belonged to numerous obits, 
 chantrys, &c., with which the town abounded, during 
 the prevalence of the Romish religion. It is scarce 
 necessary to mention that the school has flourished 
 for many years under the mastership of the Rev. 
 James Tate, whose pupils have long been notorious 
 at Cambridge for their wrangling propensities. On 
 his recent appointment to the dignity of Canon 
 residentiary, of St. Paul's, his son, Mr. James Tate, 
 was unanimously elected as his successor. 
 
 At a little distance to the left, is the National 
 School, where two hundred and twenty boys and girls 
 receive a useful and religious education. 
 
 To the right, on the opposite side of the river, 
 stand the humble and scattered remains of the 
 
 D
 
 20 
 
 MONASTERY OF ST. MARTINS, 
 
 A Cell of Benedictines, belonging to the abbey of 
 St. Mary, at York, founded in the year 1100, by 
 Wyomar, or Wymar, Lord of Aske, and purveyor 
 to the earl of Richmond. On the dissolution of 
 Monasteries, it was granted by Edward VI. to 
 Edward Fynes, Knt., Lord Clinton and Saye ; and it 
 is now the property of Mr. John Ward, of Richmond. 
 
 This Priory seems to have been erected on a con- 
 tracted scale, and few of its buildings are now remain- 
 ing. To the right stands a Tower, which appears to 
 have been the principal entrance, with (perhaps) the 
 Record Room over it. On the left is the Chapel, 
 which is entered by a beautifully carved Anglo-Nor- 
 man doorway, enriched with zig-zag mouldings, and 
 which may be referred to a date anterior to the year 
 1200. The windows are also of an elegant form, but 
 apparently of a later date. 
 
 Proceeding down the hill, past the grammar school, 
 an undulating walk, (enlivened by frequent glimpses 
 of the castle and surrounding scenery, through the 
 openings among the trees) leads through the Clink 
 Bank Wood, and thence along the bank of the Swale, 
 to the noble ruins of the Monastery of St. Agatha, 
 usually called
 
 27 
 
 EASBY ABBEY, 
 
 Originally founded in 1152, by Roaldus, constable 
 of Richmond Castle, and inhabited by Canons of the 
 Praemonstratensian order, or " White Cano'ns." Its 
 revenues were afterwards considerably augmented by 
 the Lords Scrope, of Bolton, \vho, from this circum- 
 stance, procured a lease of the Abbey and Lands from 
 Henry VIII. at the dissolution. It is now the pro- 
 perty of Robert Jacques, Esq., whose substantial 
 mansion stands on the top of the hill, at a short dis- 
 tance from the ruins. 
 
 The enclosure in which the abbey stands, is entered 
 by a door near the Mill. It is now impossible to iden- 
 tify the exact uses to which the different parts of the 
 building were applied, but a few of the principal 
 apartments may be clearly recognized. 
 
 Nearest to the parish church, stands the Great Hall, 
 or Refectory, 102 feet long, by 27 wide. The floor 
 was supported by groined arches, resting in the centre 
 on a row of pillaus. At the east end is a large pointed 
 window, the beautiful tracery of which is almost 
 entire. It belongs to the era of Edward II. or III. 
 At the opposite end is the fire-place, and, in the lower 
 apartment, is a door-way which led by a flight of steps 
 to the Great Kitchen. 
 
 There are, also, six other elegant windows on the 
 south side, the second of which, from the east, appears 
 to have been used as the Reading Gallery, from which 
 portions of the Fathers, and other Theological Works
 
 28 
 
 were read to the Monks at meal times, by one of their 
 brethren. To the west stood the Kitchen, the great 
 fire-place of which is very perfect : and adjoining 
 to this, the Pantry, Cellar, &c., yet remain entire. 
 
 At the north-cast of the Refectory, are the walls 
 of another large room, 46 feet long, by 21 wide, 
 supposed to have been the Chapter House, and which 
 was lighted by a very large east window, in the Tudor 
 style of architecture; this window has frequently been 
 taken for the principal entrance, but a slight examina- 
 tion of the side walls, will shew that it did not descend 
 to the floor ; the holes are also distinctly visible, which 
 admitted the iron cross bars, and even the groove which 
 received the edge of the glass 1 , is decidedly marked. 
 Within the middle arch, on the south side of the room, 
 may be traced a doorway, now walled up, which led 
 into the lower story of the tower, to which, it has 
 always been supposed, there was no access except 
 from above.* 
 
 Over the Chapter House was another apartment, 
 also lighted by a handsome east window, and said 
 to hare been the Scriptorium where the monks em- 
 ployed themselves, previously to the invention of 
 printing, in transcribing such works as their library 
 afforded, or in copying and illuminating missals, and 
 other books used in their church service. 
 
 On the opposite side of the inner court, near its 
 south-west corner, stands a richly adorned Anglo- 
 Norman doorway, consisting of two clusters of round 
 
 * Clarkioa's History of Richmond, i>,370,
 
 columns, supporting a circular arch, covered with 
 three rows of carving, the two inner ones consisting 
 of the heads of wild animals, and the outer one of 
 foliage. This is, probably a relic of the ancient edi- 
 fice built by the constable Roald, and was preserved 
 by lord Scrope on his enlarging and rebuilding the 
 abbey. Adjoining to it, of a more modern date, are 
 two ornamented niches, (surmounted by a pointed 
 arch and other carvings) each of which contained an 
 image, but one only remains, in a very mutilated state. 
 
 Returning to the eastern side of the court, we may 
 next notice the abbey Church, which projects out to 
 the eastward, beyond the neighbouring buildings. 
 Within the northern wall are two recesses, in which 
 stood, as tradition reports, the monuments of the 
 founder and his wife. Between this part of the 
 building and the chapter house, are the remains of 
 what is said to have been the south transept of the 
 abbey church ; but a glance upwards will discover, in 
 the higher story, a fire-place and other architectural 
 arrangements, which seem to give it a more domestic 
 character. 
 
 Further to the north, are the private apartments of 
 the Abbot and his personal attendants, among which 
 may be noticed, a fire-place and chimney in a very 
 perfect condition ; and a little beyond, j ia the upper 
 story, are two doorways, opposite each other, of a 
 singular construction. Still further, (and on the right 
 hand side) is the private chapel, or oratory, of the 
 abbot, lighted by a handsome east window, near to 
 which is a small neat piscina. At the northern
 
 30 
 
 extremity of the ruins, doirn a narrow descending 
 passage,; is an arch, which tradition points out as the 
 entrance of a subterraneous passage, either to the 
 Castle or to St. Martins, It was, probably, nothing 
 more than a drain communicating with the mill-race 
 which runs past the abbey, a few yards to the west.* 
 
 On the Green, to the south of the ruins, stands a 
 venerable half-decayed tree, which still retains the 
 name of THE ABBOT'S ELM ; and on the river side is 
 the ancient Barn, &c., belonging to the abbey : the 
 oaken woodwork of the Roof is an interesting speci- 
 men of old carpentry. 
 
 Passing the Parish Church, (which contains several 
 fragments of stained glass, formerly belonging to the 
 abbey,) we approach the great gateway of the abbey. 
 The entrance on each side is under a double arch of 
 singular construction; at the first glance it might 
 appear that the pointed arch being found insufficient, 
 the circular one has been added to support it : but on 
 a nearer inspection, it will be perceived that this could 
 not be the case, as the capitals of the columns consist 
 each of an entire stone, supporting, at the same time, 
 the round and pointed arches. The upper apartment 
 was the Record Room, in which the abbots' courts 
 were held, and the charters and other muniments 
 belonging to the abbey were preserved : it is now used 
 
 * Grose, hi his description of Kirkstall Abbey, notices a similar 
 report of a subterraneous passage, and remarks, that "there Is scarce 
 an old Monastery in England but has some such ridiculous story told 
 f it."
 
 31 
 
 as a granary. It is lighted by three small windows, 
 of elegant dimensions and workmanship. 
 
 The different parts of the abbey hare suffered much 
 from the fragments being carried away for other uses, 
 as well as from the corroding hand of time. 
 
 It will always be a matter of regret, both to the 
 antiquary and the man of taste, that these splendid 
 buildings were allowed so generally to fall into a 
 dilapidated state : but surely no rational and reflect- 
 ing person, whether of the Romish or English Church, 
 can deliberately wish for a return of those "good 
 old times," when the noble murderer, and the titled 
 marauder, were led to expect pardon and eternal hap- 
 piness, provided they spent a portion of their ill gotten 
 wealth in founding Monasteries, where lazy monks 
 might prolong the dreary repitition of masses for their 
 souls' repose. 
 
 ABOUT half-way up the hill, on the road leading to 
 the Tillage of Easby, is a remarkably distinct Echo. 
 
 Passing through the village of Easby, towards 
 .Richmond, we arrive at a very interesting object 
 which crosses the Richmond and Darlington road, 
 just at the point where it meets the Easby Lane the 
 SCOTS' DYKE a rude earthen embankment and trench, 
 supposed to have been a boundary between the 
 Britons and Picts before the arrival of the Romans. 
 There can be no doubt that it is more ancient than the 
 walls of Adrian and Severus, as the latter appear to
 
 32 
 
 hate been cut through it. It enters England at a 
 place called Wheelfell, between the rivers North- 
 Tyne and Read, passes into the county of Durham at 
 Shorn Gate Cross : crossing the Tees at Winston, it 
 comes past Stanwick, hither : and after crossing the 
 Swale, and up St. Martin's pasture, it stretches by 
 Sand-beck over Hudswell MOOT. 
 
 On the brow of the Hill, commanding a fine pros. 
 pect ; stands a building generally known as
 
 33 
 
 ST. NICHOLAS'S, 
 
 A Hall or Mansion House, erected about the time 
 of Elizabeth, or James I. on the site, and probably 
 out of the remains, of the ancient HOSPITAL of ST. 
 NICHOLAS. The date of its original foundation is 
 unknown, it is supposed to have been built by one 
 of the first earls, but in the year 1448, the building 
 and its revenues having both fallen into a ruinous 
 condition, it was repaired and re-endowed by Sir 
 William Ayscough, one of the judges of the court of 
 common pleas. It was inhabited by a few monks of 
 the Benedictine Order, under the government of a 
 master, and combined the various uses of a house of 
 entertainment for wayfaring men, and of an infirmary 
 for the sick. There are few remains of the ancient 
 Hospital, but the detached building nearest to the 
 road, is said to have been the Chapel ; and there has 
 lately been found the ponderous stone Mortar, in 
 which the brethren of the establishment pounded and 
 mingled those multifarious messes which the physicians 
 of that age dignified with the astounding titles of 
 " Mirhridates" and " Catholicons." There is also to 
 be seen, the ancient Bell which summoned the inmates 
 to their devotions. 
 
 The modern building is in tolerable repair, the wings 
 being both inhabited ; but the entrance hall in the 
 centre, with the apartments over it, are in a more 
 neglected condition. There are some remains of an- 
 cient moulded cornices, and carved wainscoting;
 
 34 
 
 and the Grecian Corridor in front, is in a very perfect 
 state. The whole building bears a good deal of resem- 
 blance to Fountains Hall, which was erected much 
 about the same time, out of the ruins of the adjoining 
 abbey. 
 
 On again entering the town, we pass the sites of 
 the ancient Hospital, or Maison-Dieu, which gives 
 name to the street ; and of a Cell, formerly the abode 
 of an anchoress, from whom the rising ground to the 
 right has acquired the nautical name of Anchorage 
 HilU 
 
 A little further, screened from the road by a row 
 of dwarfish elms, is Hill House, the residence of 
 H. W. Yeoman, Esq.; and continuing our route 
 towards the Market-place, we approach
 
 35 
 
 THE FRIARY, 
 
 Anciently tenanted by Franciscan, or Grey Friars, 
 for whose residence it was founded, by Ralph Fitz 
 Randal, lord of Middleham, in the year 1257. It 
 now belongs to the Robinson family, whose substan- 
 tial mansion stands near the ruins. 
 
 There are scarcely any remains of the Friary j 
 
 " Each Gothic arch, memorial stone, 
 
 " And long, dim, lofty Aisle, are gone," 
 
 except the Tower, a rich and elegant specimen of the 
 latter English, or Tudor style, which may fairly be 
 termed an architectural Bijou. It had been erected 
 only a short time before the dissolution, and tradition 
 reports that it never was finished. Two of the west 
 windows of the south transept are yet standing, but 
 the stone tracery has been broken down. The foun- 
 dations of the Church, or that part of the building 
 which was used for celebrating divine service, may be 
 distinctly traced in droughty weather. 
 
 On the rising ground, to the north of the Friary, 
 is Prior House, the residence of Thomas lanson, Esq., 
 and at the bottom of the noble Avenue, to the east of 
 the ruins, is the mansion of Thomas Stapleton, Esq., 
 appropriately named ^ c The Grove." In Ryder's 
 Wynd, at a short distance, stands the Wesleyan 
 Methodist Chapel, a plain unpretending edifice, ca- 
 pable of containing about five hundred persons. 
 
 E2
 
 36 
 
 We often find the pages of Guide Books eked out 
 with allusions to the melting emotions and sublime 
 lucubrations excited by the examination of ancient 
 ruins. The compiler of this little manual, being a plain 
 spoken Yorkshireman, will not pretend to emulate these 
 aforesaid sentimentalists; but he believes that the 
 quiet species of excitement which is congenial to many 
 thinking minds, may often be successfully courted by 
 a walk on that part of the terrace in Quaker Lane 
 which commands a view of the Friary and Castle- 
 Keep, from half-an*hour to an hour after sun-set, on a 
 still, warm, clear evening.
 
 37 
 
 COMMENCING again from the Market-place : To- 
 wards the end of Newbiggin stands the Roman Catholic 
 Chapel, erected in the year 1809, by the late Sir John 
 Lawson, Bart., of Brough. In the Gallery Window 
 is a painting of the Crucifixion, on glass, copied from 
 Rubens's celebrated picture, preserved in the Church 
 of the Recollets, at Antwerp. 
 
 Nearly opposite is the Debtors' Gaol for the liberty 
 of Richmondshire, which is held by his Grace the 
 Duke of Leeds, as chief bailiff of the liberty. 
 
 Proceeding a little further to the right, we enter 
 through a small private door, the varied and secluded 
 pleasure grounds usually known as the " Yorke 
 Grounds," which were attached to the mansion of 
 the Yorke family, that lately stood in the south-east 
 corner. The walk first descends a sloping terrace, 
 and then winds through the wood, abounding with 
 ancient and grotesque yew trees, natural and artificial 
 grottos, &c., along the margin of the river. There 
 are several pleasing views both of the castle and the 
 town, and also of the romantic valley which lies to 
 the westward. The naturalist will observe a beau- 
 tiful species of Geranium : and the Nut-hatch, a 
 bird of rare occurrence in the northern counties, is 
 sometimes seen among the woods. The Tower, on 
 the brow of the hill, was erected to commemorate the 
 victory of Culloden. 
 
 Returning into the street again, we come to the 
 Arsenal for the Military Stores of the North York 
 Militia : and a little further to the left, is the parish 
 Workhouse, a neat modern edifice. Passing the
 
 38 
 
 Workhouse, the road leads directly into the West 
 Field. The walk to the summit of the hill will be 
 amply repaid by the romantic and extensive prospect 
 which it presents. Immediately in front is the town 
 of Richmond: the massive solemnity of the castle 
 keep, contrasting finely with the spruce neatness of 
 the modern buildings, and the elegant lightness of the 
 Friary Tower ; beyond are the woods of St. Nicholas 
 and Easby and far behind these stretches a wide 
 expanse of fertile country, bounded by the Hambledon 
 Hills. To the right we overlook a delightful valley, 
 watered by the windings of the Swale, and enclosed 
 on tke opposite side by a steep and lofty wall of 
 limestone rock, half covered with foliage. Here the 
 admirer of classic lore may trace in fancy the haunts 
 of Pan and his attendant Satyrs, while the laugh of 
 the sportive wood nymphs seems to mingle with the 
 faint murmer of the stream. But how did human 
 wisdom betray its very folly, when the masters of the 
 world could be content to revere and worship a host 
 of sensual and besotted demons? How much more 
 rational, how far more delightful is it to lift up the 
 heart in holy ardour to the glorious giver of all good, 
 and exclaim in the glowing language of the royal 
 poet, O Lord, how manifold are Thy works ! in wis- 
 dom hast Thou made them all : the earth is full of 
 Thy riches ! 
 
 Still further to the right, on the opposite side of 
 the river, we have a distinct view of that singular 
 phenomenon, the "Round Howe" a conical hill 
 rising out of the area of a natural amphitheatre, the
 
 39 
 
 sides of which are covered with hanging wood. It is 
 not improbable, from the pebbly nature of the soil, 
 that the course of the river has originally wound 
 round the south side of the mount ; but the continual 
 action of the stream against the opposing side of the 
 angle, to the north, had gradually worked a bay or 
 recess, and some extraordinary flood would then sweep 
 directly across the neck of land to the north of the 
 mount, and produce the present channel ; after which 
 the old one would gradually warp up to its present 
 condition. 
 
 In the adjoining limestone cliff, are several clefts or 
 recesses, one of which, somewhat larger than the 
 rest, is known by the name of Arthur's Oven. There 
 are also traces of copper ore, but it has never been 
 found in sufficient quantities to re-pay the expense of 
 working it. 
 
 The only manufacture carried on at Richmond is 
 that of Paper, in the mill belonging to Mr. Henry 
 Cooke, situate on the bank of the river, opposite to 
 the Round Howe, The Paper is here manufactured 
 in webs of great length, and afterwards folded and 
 cut into any shape or size which may be required.
 
 40 
 
 VIEWS. 
 
 THE views about Richmond, which claim the atten- 
 tion of the tourist, are so many and varied, that it is 
 difficult to make a selection for description. Almost 
 from any side of the town the scenery is beautiful; 
 but as a sort of Guide to strangers, it may not be 
 amiss, briefly to describe those which may be consid- 
 ered the most attractive. 
 
 I. 
 
 The view of Richmond Castle from above the 
 bridge, has its peculiar beauties above any other, by 
 reason of the spectator's low situation. From this 
 point the castle is a magnificient object in the land- 
 scape, being so much elevated above the beholder. 
 To the left is seen part of the town, while Trinity 
 Church, the Friary, and the Cross in the Market- 
 place, agreeably break the line of house tops, run- 
 ning to the left. Nearer the foreground, the Bridge 
 is a good object, contrasting with the picturesque 
 cottages adjoining, and situated close to the edge of 
 the river. Further to the left is seen Yorke's Tower, 
 or Summer House, on the summit of the hill, partially 
 hid from view by the trees which surround it, this 
 naturally forms the boundary of the picture to the 
 left. 
 
 To the right is a beautiful sloping wood, the foliage
 
 f. * 
 
 .*... _, 

 
 41 
 
 of which appears to overhang the bridge, and forms 
 an excellent boundary on the other side of the 
 picture. 
 
 II. 
 
 The next view I shall attempt to describe is that 
 from the foot-road leading to Hudswell, along the top 
 of the wood. This is quite a panoramic view of 
 Richmond, and has been considered strikingly fine 
 by lovers of picturesque scenery; it commands a 
 prospect of all the country round to the north and 
 east bounded by the Hambledon Hills. In this view, 
 like all the others described, the castle is a prominent 
 object in the centre of the picture. The river, 
 winding in a serpentine course amidst richly wooded 
 banks, gives to this landscape a delightful charm. 
 
 III. 
 
 From the top of the hill to the south, opposite the 
 bridge, we have a good view of the castle : from this 
 point it may be seen to great perfection. Mr. Turner, 
 the celebrated landscape painter, made a drawing 
 from this spot, to illustrate Whitaker's Richmondshire, 
 and his choice of the station is a sufficient precedent 
 for pointing it out. 
 
 IV. 
 
 In a field about two hundred yards above the Clink 
 Pool, we have a good subject for the pencil ; the 
 castle being considerably elevated, and in an evening
 
 42 
 
 in the summer season, when in shadow, it casts a very 
 deep gloom over the surrounding objects beneath, 
 while the foreground, and the trees on the other side 
 of the river, are tinged with the golden rays of the 
 setting sun. This view has something of the Swiss 
 character about it, and is generally selected for 
 sketching, by strangers, being quite of a different 
 character from any of the other views described. 
 From the road, over the Clink Pool, is another though 
 more distant view of the same subject and although 
 the latter was selected by Mr. Turner for a drawing, 
 I think the one described above equally good. 
 
 V. 
 
 The views from the Gallow Fields* should not be 
 omitted. From this side of the town the castle and 
 houses appear to stand in a valley, and the eye extends 
 over a rich tract of well wooded country for many 
 miles to the east, Easby Abbey may be seen from 
 this point, and being of a warm grey colour, it forms 
 an agreeable contrast to the surrounding wooded 
 scenery. The river is also seen winding its course 
 close past the venerable ruins, and is abruptly lost in 
 the wood beyond. 
 
 The name of these Fields, and of the Gallow HilT, near Bowes, 
 is explained by an ancient record preserved in Gale's Register of the 
 Honor of Richmond, from which we learn that the ancient Earls 
 claimed the high prerogatives ot " Infangtheof and Utfangtheof, with a 
 Gallows at Richmond and at Bowes." Happily for society, these petty 
 exclusive Jurisdictions have now entirely ceased througout the 
 Kingdom,
 
 43 
 VI. 
 
 There is a very pleasing view of Richmond and the 
 surrounding country from the western extremity of 
 the West Field, and well worth the attention of the 
 tourist. From this place the Round J/ozce, and the 
 rocky banks of the Swale, have a highly picturesque 
 effect. The winding course of the river, through, or 
 rather round, Yorke's Grounds, add much to the 
 beauty of the landscape, though in composing a pic- 
 ture, this view is meagre and formal in the foreground, 
 for want of a sufficient quantity of wood. 
 
 F2
 
 44 
 
 BEFORE the English nation attained the naval 
 superiority of which she now so justly boasts, the 
 main defence of the kingdom lay in the stout arms 
 and sturdy hearts of the yeoman-archers ; and however 
 the prowess of individual knights might be extolled, 
 the archers, as a body, were the main agents in gaining 
 those victories which, though productive of no direct 
 benefical consequences, gave England a temporary 
 advance in the scale of nations. The use of fire-arms 
 banished from the field both the lance of the knight 
 and the bow of his vassals ; but the use of the latter 
 is still preserved "as a wholesome exercise for the 
 health and strength of mens' bodies," and has been 
 zealously kept up for a number of years by the in- 
 habitants of Richmond and the neighbourhood. 
 
 The earliest record of the Richmond archers, is a 
 body of regulations drawn up in the year 1673 : they 
 award, as the captain's prize, a Silver Arrow, which 
 still continues to be shot for every year. It is sup- 
 posed to have been the gift of Henry Calverley, Esq., 
 by whom it was won at the first contest after the 
 regulations were established. In addition to this,
 
 45 
 
 a subscription Silver Cup has been annually contested 
 for, ever since the year 1818; and is given to the 
 archer who pierces the target nearest to its centre : 
 this prize, moreover, is renewed yearly, and becomes 
 the property of the winner ; whilst the arrow gives 
 but an honorary possession until won by another; 
 there are, also, several minor prizes shot for at 
 the same time.
 
 46 
 
 HENRY JENKINS. 
 
 THE neighbourhood of Richmond has long been 
 celebrated for the longevity of its inhabitants, and 
 there are, at this day, several hoary villagers, who, if 
 spared a few years longer, will enter the second 
 century of their mortal career. All these, however, 
 must as yet give place to the famous Henry Jenkins, 
 who lived to realize more to-morrows than any other 
 recorded inhabitant of these kingdoms. He was born 
 before parish registers came into use; but from the 
 account which he gave of his age at the battle of 
 Flodden Field, he seems to have been about 169 
 years old at his death, which took place in 1670. 
 There are but few materials extant for a biography 
 of Jenkins, but this is owing to the very causes which 
 produced his longevity, the regularity of his habits, 
 and the absence of exciting vicissitudes in his condi- 
 tion. He was born at Bolton-on-Swale, and seems 
 originally to have been Butler to Lord Coniers, of 
 Hornby Castle, where (as he informed Mrs. Saville) 
 the jolly Abbot of Fountains was a frequent guest, 
 and "did drink a hearty glass with his Lordship." 
 He afterwards maintained himself for a long series of 
 years by thatching, and fishing for salmon ; and it is 
 recorded, that when he was more than one hundred 
 years old, he used to swim and wade across the Swale 
 with the greatest ease, and without catching cold. He
 
 47 
 
 retained his faculties to the last; and such was the 
 acuteness of his sight, that he made two artificial flies 
 the year before his death. He was buried at Bolton, 
 the place of his birth ; and besides a plain neat mo- 
 nument in the church-yard, there is a long and pomp- 
 ous epitaph to his memory in the church, put up by 
 a certain Dr. Thomas Chapman, who is characterized 
 by Bishop Hurd as " a vain and busy man." 
 
 It is also remarkable, that Mrs. Saville's letter 
 to Sir Reginald Graham, (from which the above ac- 
 count is principally derived,) states that there were 
 then (1661 or 2) four or five other people in the 
 same parish, all of them reputed to be about 100 
 years old.
 
 48 
 
 ASKE HALL 
 
 ABOUT two miles from Richmond is Aske Hall, the 
 mansion of Lord Dundas, backed by noble woods, 
 and commanding an agreeable prospect over the 
 sloping lawns in front. It is is a place of great an- 
 tiquity, and was long the residence of a family of the 
 same name ; but consisted merely of a square tower, 
 (which still forms part of the present house) sur- 
 rounded by bare and swampy fields. In this state it 
 remained until it was purchased, in the year 1727, by 
 Sir Conyers D'Arcy, \vho commenced those improve, 
 ments which have now rendered it one of the most 
 complete country seats to be found in the neighbour- 
 hood. 
 
 By the true English kindness of the noble owner, 
 we are enabled to give the following list of the 
 paintings and statuary in the different apartments. 
 
 BREAKFAST ROOM. 
 
 A full length portrait in half-armour, with falling 
 collar and slashed hose, said to be Prince Henry, the 
 eldest son of James I. 
 
 Peter denying Christ, by Michel Angela da Cara- 
 vaggio. 
 
 Portrait of Earl Fitzwilliam, the grandfather of the 
 present Earl.
 
 49 
 
 Vessel in a calm, near the land, by Cuyp. 
 
 Portrait of Lieutenant Colonel Dundas, of the 
 82nd Regiment, brother to the present Lord. 
 
 This room also contains a pair of smaller pictures 
 of aged men, and a number of small landscapes on 
 copper. 
 
 ANTE ROOM. 
 
 A view of Aske, by Cuitt. 
 
 A bust of the late Lord Dundas, by Chantry; a 
 very striking likeness. 
 
 Portrait of a favourite Horse of the late Lord 
 Dundas, 
 
 BLUE DRAWING ROOM. 
 
 Over the fire-place, a Portrait of King George 
 III. Zojfany. 
 
 Portrait of a Gentleman, with a falling collar, 
 playing on a guitar, said to be the Duke of Buck- 
 ingham. 
 
 ECCE HOMO, believed to be by Murillo. 
 
 The Poultry Yard, by Hondekoeter. 
 
 Portrait of a Lady, by Sir Peter Lely. 
 
 Christ bearing his cross, said to be by Murillo. 
 
 Portrait of the late dowager Lady Dundas, by 
 Sir Joshua Reynolds. 
 
 DEAD GAME, by Weeninx ; perhaps the best 
 specimen of this master to be seen in the kingdom.
 
 50 
 
 An Italian Landscape, by William Tarerner, Esq.* 
 an amateur. 
 
 There are also in this room a painting of a Girl in 
 the dress of a boarder at a convent ; and two 
 Scripture pieces. 
 
 IN THE LIBRARY, 
 
 Is a portrait of Sir Laurence Dundas, with his 
 grandson, the present Lord, when about three years. 
 old, by Zoffany. This scene is a most accurate 
 representation of the interior of a room in the man- 
 sion in Arlington Street, with pictures by Teniers, &c. 
 
 IN THE GALLERY. 
 
 A large family picture, representing Sir Laurence 
 and Lady Dundas, the late Lord and Lady Dundas, 
 with their Sons and Daughters in Spanish dresses, 
 by the Rev. Mr. Peters* 
 
 Full length portrait of King James II. in his robes. 
 
 Full length portrait, said to be Lady Effingham 
 Howard, daughter of the Countess of Effingham. 
 
 Full length portrait of King George II. 
 
 Full length portrait of Queen Anne. 
 
 * This Gentleman is highly spoken of by Lord Orford, who mentions 
 some pictures of his, "which,'' says his Lordship, " would have done 
 credit to Caspar Poussin."
 
 51 
 
 A full length portrait of William, Prince of Orange, 
 afterwards King William III. of England, in the 
 robes of a Knight of the Garter. 
 
 LARGE DRESSING ROOM. 
 
 Portrait of Sir Laurence Dundas. 
 Full length portrait of the late Lord Dundas, 
 painted at Rome, by Pompeio Bartolomeo. 
 
 SCULPTURE. 
 
 In the entrance Hall are two exquisite relics of 
 antique Statuary, purchased by Lord Dundas, at 
 Rome : the first, a Cupid, 
 
 Was found in an excavation near St. John Lateran, 
 in the very spot which historic evidence identifies as 
 the site of Asinius Pollio's Villa. The right arm has 
 been restored, but the head, though broken off and 
 cemented, is original. 
 
 Opposite to this is a Statue of Leda, in a re- 
 markably good state of preservation. The Swan has 
 been restored, but the head and the prominent right 
 arm have not even been broken off; and it is very 
 seldom that an antique Statue is met with, which has 
 not sustained some such accident. If so rare a subject 
 were to be found in any of the excavations at this 
 day, equally free from defects, it would not be suf- 
 fered to leave the imperial city.
 
 52 
 
 The hall also contains two other ancient statues, 
 and a striking Bust, in plaster, of the late Peregrine 
 Wentworth, Esq. 
 
 In the adjoining ante room, are copies, in marble, 
 from the Venus and lesser Apollo of the Mediceai, 
 collection ; a bust of the Hon. Mrs. Lane, his 
 Lordship's daughter ; and a small group of two 
 lions combatant. 
 
 There is an extensive prospect oyer the surrounding 
 landscape from the top of the Temple, a tall building 
 which towers above the woods behind the hall, and 
 is, in fact, built on the exact model of a Hindoo Tem- 
 ple : and on Pinmore Hill (between Aske and Rich- 
 mond) is a Tower, bearing the grotesque name of 
 Oliver Ducket, which is said to be a perfect coun- 
 terpart of a Hindoo Hill-Fort. 
 
 On the opposite side of the valley, is the Park and 
 ancient Mansion of Sedbury, formerly inhabited by a 
 branch of the D'Arcy family, now the residence of 
 the Rev. J. Gilpin, a descendant of the venerable 
 Bernard Gilpin, justly styled "The Apostle of 
 the North."
 
 V 

 
 53 
 
 ROKEBY 
 
 IT would be a very difficult task to do justice to this 
 place in the way of description, not only from its 
 intrinsic beauties and the nature of its scenery, but 
 from the associations it must have formed in the minds 
 of every one who has read Sir Walter Scott's well 
 known Poem. 
 
 To the stranger, however, it will not, it is presumed, 
 be entirely useless to direct him to some of the leading 
 and most prominent objects which this delightful spot 
 contains. But first, let the antiquary inspect the 
 welt preserved Roman encampment lying between the 
 river Greta and and a brook called the Tutta, close 
 behind the George Inn, and surrounded by a triple 
 ditch. The entrances are easily to be discerned. 
 Very many Roman altars and monuments have been 
 found in the vicinity, most of which are preserved at 
 Rokeby. 
 
 " Behold the boast of Roman Pride '. 
 
 " What now of all yonr toils are known ? 
 
 " A grassy trench, a broken stone !" 
 
 After entering the Park by the South Gate, the 
 road winds in a circuitous course through the grounds, 
 and here and there a vista opens, affording an agreeable 
 peep at Rokeby Hall, a plain and unassuming 
 building of modern date, erected upon the site of
 
 54 
 
 the ancient edifice. I shall here quote the description 
 given by Sir Walter Scott, of the banks of the 
 Greta, &c. 
 
 " What follows, is an attempt to describe the ro- 
 mantic glen, or rather ravine, through which the Greta 
 finds a passage between Rokeby and Mortham, the 
 former situated upon the left bank of the Greta, the 
 latter on the right bank, about half-a-mile nearer to 
 its junction with the Tees. The river runs with very 
 great rapidity over a bed of solid rock, broken by 
 many shelving descents, down which the stream dashes 
 with great noise and impetuosity, vindicating its ety- 
 mology, which has been derived from the Gothic 
 Cixritfan, to clamour. The banks partake of the same 
 wild and romantic character, being chiefly lofty cliffs 
 of limestone rock, whose grey colour contrasts ad- 
 mirably with the various trees and shrubs which find 
 root among the crevices, as well as with the hue of 
 the ivy, which clings around them in profusion, and 
 hangs down from their projections in long sweeping 
 tendrils. At other points the rocks give place to 
 precipitous banks of earth, bearing large trees, inter- 
 mixed with copse-wood. In one spot the dell, which 
 is elsewhere very narrow, widens for a space to leave 
 room for a dark grove of yew-trees, intermixed here 
 and there with aged pines of uncommon size. Di- 
 rectly opposite to this sombre thicket, the cliffs on the 
 other side of the Greta are tall, white, and fringed 
 with all kinds of deciduous shrubs. The whole 
 scenery of this spot is so much adapted to the idea of 
 superstition, that it has acquired the name of Blockula,
 
 55 
 
 from the place where the Swedish witches were sup- 
 posed to hold their Sabbath. The dell, however, has 
 superstitions of its own growth, for it is supposed to 
 be haunted by a female spectre, called the Dobie of 
 Mortham. The cause assigned for her appearance is a 
 lady's having been whilom murdered in the wood, in 
 evidence of which, her blood is shewn upon the stairs 
 of the old tower, at Mortham. But whether she was 
 slain by a jealous husband, or by savage banditti, or 
 by an uncle who coveted her estate, or by a rejected 
 lover, are points upon which the traditions of Rokeby 
 do not enable us to decide." 
 
 MORTHAM. 
 
 "The Castle of Mortham," (we still prefer quoting 
 the notes to Rokeby,) "is a picturesque Tower, sur- 
 rounded by buildings of different ages, now converted 
 into a farm house and offices. The battlements of 
 the tower itself are singularly elegant, the architect 
 having broken them at regular intervals into different 
 lights ; while those at the corner of the tower project 
 into octangular turrets. They are, also, from space 
 to space, covered with stones laid across them, as in 
 modern embrasures, the whole forming an uncom- 
 mon and beautiful effect. The surrounding buildings 
 are of a less happy form, being pointed into high and 
 steep roofs. A wall, with an embrasure, incloses the 
 southern front, where a low portal arch affords an
 
 56 
 
 entry to what was the castle court. At some distance 
 is most happily placed, between the stems of two 
 magnificent elms, the monument* alluded to in the 
 text. It is said to have been brought from the ruins 
 of Egglestone Priory, and from the armoury, with 
 which it is richly carved, appears to have been a tomb 
 of the Fitz-Hughs." 
 
 " South of the gate, au arrow-flight, 
 Two mighty elms their limbs unite, 
 As if a living canopy to spread, 
 O'er the lone dwelling of the dead ; 
 For their huge boughs in arches bent, 
 Above a massive monument, 
 Carved o'er in ancient Gothic wise, 
 With many a Scutcheon and device." 
 
 "The situation of Mortham is eminently beautiful, 
 occupying a high bank, at the bottom of which the 
 Greta winds out of the dark, narrow, and romantic 
 dell, which the text has attempted to describe, and 
 flows onward through a more open valley to meet the 
 Tees, about a quarter of a mile from the castle. 
 Mortham is surrounded by old trees, happily and 
 widely grouped with Mr. Morritt's new plantations." 
 
 A little to the west of Rokeby, are the ruins of 
 EGGLESTONE ABBEY, a small monastic house, inhabited 
 formerly by Praemonstratensian Canons. The date of its 
 foundation is uncertain, but the lancet shape of some 
 of the windows, carries the erection of the existing 
 
 * See the view of the tomb, plate No, 5, with a distant glimpse of 
 Mortham Tower.
 
 IF E "IT S IE W HIS TTS!B,,m!E.IS1B'S" 

 

 
 57 
 
 building as far back as the middle of the thirteenth 
 century, and it is said to have been founded by one 
 of the Multon family, in the reign of Henry II. The 
 church is in a very ruinous condition, but some of the 
 domestic offices have been fitted up as cottages, and 
 are now inhabited. 
 
 At the foot of the eminence on which the ruins 
 stand, is the boisterous stream, the noise of which will 
 have attracted the stranger's attention. 
 
 " Where Tees, full many a fathom low, 
 Wears with his rage no common foe ; 
 For pebbly bank, nor sand-bed here, 
 Nor clay mound checks his fierce career, 
 Condemned to mine a channelled way, 
 O'er solid sheets of marble grey." 
 
 This marble is the material of the font in Richmond 
 church, above noticed, and also of the font at Bar- 
 nard Castle. 
 
 H
 
 58 
 
 WYCLIFFE 
 
 To the east of Rokeby is the parish of Wycliffe, 
 which for a long series of years was owned by a family 
 of the same name. They are first noticed in a record of 
 the time of Edward I. and continued to hold the estate 
 until the early part of the seventeenth century, when 
 the eldest branch ended in female co-heiresses. There 
 is strong reason to believe that the venerable Wycliffe, 
 the translator of the bible, and " morning star of the 
 reformation," was a younger brother of this family: 
 and in the rectory at Wycliffe, is preserved a portrait 
 of the Reformer, painted by Sir Antony More. This, 
 however, could not be an original painting, as that 
 Artist was a cotemporary of Edward VI. and Queen 
 Mary ; and Dr. Whitaker conjectures that it has pro- 
 bably been copied from an "illumination" in one of 
 the manuscripts of Wycliffe's Bible. 
 
 The chief argument against the reformer's connec- 
 tion with this family, is the fact that his name is not 
 found in their recorded pedigrees. It appears, how- 
 ever, from their religious benefactions, and their 
 connections in the Hierarchy, that they were warmly 
 attached to the Romish Religion ; and as Vaughan, in 
 his life of the Reformer, justly observes, "it is in 
 the highest degree probable, that the difficulty of pla- 
 cing Wycliffe's consanguinity with the patrons of 
 Wycliffe beyond all possible suspicion, has arisen
 
 59 
 
 purely from the efforts of his kinsmen to save their 
 descendants from bearing the reproach of his enor- 
 mous heresy." In fact, Wycliffe himself seems to 
 allude to this circumstance in one of his tracts, -where, 
 speaking of the difficulties which surround the pious 
 children of worldly minded parents, he says, " For 
 by so doing, the child getteth many enemies to his 
 elders, and they say that he slandereth all their noble 
 kindred who were ever held to be true men and 
 worshipful." 
 
 It should also be stated, that Leland, irt his 
 description of Richmond, mentions a place which he 
 calls Spfeswell) "a good mile from Richmond, the 
 birth place of John Wicliffe." No village or hamlet 
 of that name is to be found in Richmondshire ; and 
 on this vague memorandum, which is not supported by 
 any record or other authority, Dr. Whitaker has ven- 
 tured to build a theory which fixes Hipswell as the 
 Reformer's native village. But Leland himself, in 
 his Collectanea, supplies evidence to the contrary. 
 After describing the parish of Wycliffe, he adds " unde 
 Wigclif haereticus originem duxit." It seems, how- 
 ever, to be admitted on all hands that Richmondshire 
 may boast the honor of his origin. 
 
 Although the estate has passed, as above mentioned, 
 into other families, the lineage of the "Wycliffes can 
 be traced in undoubted succession, through a younger 
 branch, to the late Mr. Wycliffe of Richmond, who 
 died childless, about ten or twelve years ago.
 
 60 
 
 HERBERT KNOWLES. 
 
 OFTEN as the " Lines written in Richmond Church 
 Yard" have been printed, a Guide to Richmond might 
 well be deemed defective which omitted to repeat 
 them. They are from the pen of an amiable and 
 highly gifted youth, who was cut off at the early age 
 of nineteen, whilst preparing, under the kind and 
 assiduous tutelage of Mr. Tate, to enter on his studies 
 at Cambridge. His friends, who were respectable 
 manufacturers in the West Riding, had endeavoured 
 to fix his mind to business, and it was not until he had 
 run off and enlisted in the Artillery, that they con- 
 sented to allow him to follow the bent of his aspiring 
 genius. He had already attracted the notice of 
 Mr. Southey, and high indeed were the anticipations 
 of his future eminence ; but a few short weeks of 
 disease hurried him off to the grave, where the 
 " device" of the poet, and the " knowledge" of the 
 scholar, are alike strangers.* 
 
 Eccletiastlctu, iz. 10.
 
 61 
 
 Lines written in the Church-yard of Richmond, 
 Yorkshire. 
 
 October 7th, 1816. 
 
 It is good for us to be here : 
 
 " If thou wilt, let us make here three tabernacles ; 
 " One for thee, and one for Moses, and one for Elias." 
 
 MATT. xvii. 4. 
 
 Methinks it is good to be here : 
 If thou wilt, let us build but for whom ? 
 
 Nor Elias nor Moses appear ; 
 
 But the shadows of eve, that encompass the gloom, 
 The abode of the dead and the place of the tomb. 
 
 Shall we build to Ambition ? Ah, no ! 
 Affrighted he shrinketh away ; 
 
 For, see ! they would pin him below, 
 In a small narrow cave, and begirt with cold clay, 
 To the meanest of reptiles a peer and a prey. 
 
 To Beauty ? ah no ! she forgets 
 The charms which she wielded before : 
 Nor knows the foul worm that he frets 
 The Skin, which but yesterday fools could adore, 
 For the smoothness it held, or the tint which it wore.
 
 62 
 
 Shall we build to the purple of Pride 
 The trappings which dizen the proud? 
 
 Alas ! they are all laid aside, 
 And here's neither dress nor adornment allow'd, 
 But the long winding sheet and the fringe of the shroud. 
 
 To Riches ? alas ! 'tis in vain 
 Who hid, in their turns have been hid 
 
 The treasures are squander'd again 
 And here in the grave are all metals forbid, 
 But the tinsel that shone on the dark coffin lid. 
 
 To the Pleasures which mirth can afford 
 The revel, the laugh, and the jeer ? 
 
 Ah ! here is a plentiful board ! 
 But the guests are all mute as their pitiful cheer, 
 And none but the worm is a reveller here. 
 
 Shall we build to Affection and Love ? 
 Ah, no ! they have wither'd and died, 
 
 Or fled with the spirit above 
 Friends, brothers, and sisters are laid side by side, 
 Yet none have saluted, and none have replied. 
 
 Unto Sorrow ? the dead cannot grieve 
 Not a sob, not a sigh meets mine ear 
 
 Which compassion itself could relieve ! 
 Ah ! sweetly they slumber, nor hope, love, nor fear, 
 Peace, peace is the watch-word, the only one here.
 
 63 
 
 Unto Death ? to whom monarchs must bow? 
 Ah, no I for his empire is known 
 
 And here there are trophies enow ! 
 Beneath, the cold dead, and around, the dark stone, 
 Are the signs of a sceptre that none may disown. 
 
 The first tabernacle to HOPE we will build, 
 And look for the sleepers around us to rise ! 
 
 The second to FAITH, which ensures it f ulfill'd, 
 And the third to the LAMB of the great sacrifice, 
 Who bequeath'd us them both when he rose to the skies! 
 
 HERBERT KNOWLES, 
 JE. XIX. Die dl 1th February, 1817.
 
 64 
 
 As a contrast to these touching stanzas, the reader 
 is presented with the following humorous verses, 
 addressed by a lively old lady to her Cousin, COLONEL 
 (afterwards LORD) HARRIS, on his return to England 
 after his victory over Tippoo Sultan. The latter part 
 would, of course, be most interesting to the parties 
 concerned, but as the piece really seems too good to 
 be mutilated, it is thought best to give it entire. 
 
 Dear Colonel, in London, I beg you won't stay, 
 But to Richmond, post haste, with all speed come away; 
 Nor sigh with regret when you leave the great city, 
 For here, I can promise you many things pretty. 
 
 Without doors, the prospects are fine, all allow ; 
 And why they are so, I will just tell you how ; 
 But, ere I proceed, I'll convince you they're fine, 
 On the strength of a judgment superior to mine ; 
 When Lord Newark was here, he declared in a hurry, 
 That Richmond in Yorkshire, beat Richmond in Surry. 
 
 Here are Hills for high-minded, and vallies for low, 
 Thro' which old Swale's waters delightfully flow ; 
 Here are forces and mills, and meadows so green, 
 And the finest of Cattle that ever were seen, 
 I should like 'em much more, if I fear'd not their horns. 
 Here are Streets, but not pleasant to those who have 
 corns.
 
 65 
 
 On the top of a mount, stands a Castle sublime/ 
 Though ' t has suffer'd indeed, from the teeth of old time. 
 Three abbeys from thence you may see with your eyes, 
 In a state which all true Antiquarians most prize, 
 For in many parts, not a stone stands on another, 
 And one turret nods rounds in vain for a brother. 
 A most beautiful Steeple, ('twas built for the Friars,) 
 Which no one e'er sees, but he greatly admires : 
 Two Churches, a Church Yard, a Parsonage, a School 
 
 House, 
 
 Where the boys study latin, and how they may rule us. 
 Here's a Play-house, a Bowling-green, Assemblies, 
 
 Card Meeting, 
 
 Horse Races, Militia, and a Club for Tripe eating ; 
 And some people say, you'll not taste better Ale, 
 'Twixt the banks of the Ganges and those of the Swale. 
 
 For Companions here's people of various conditions ; 
 Parsons, Lawyers, Apothecaries, Priests, and 
 
 Physicians : 
 Here are Gentlemen too, which some say the best 
 
 trade is, 
 
 And plenty of every description of Ladies. 
 Here's a Widow of ninety, will give you a hugging, 
 And Ringers who long at the ropes to be tugging. 
 
 Three miles out of town lies the sweet vale of Gilling, 
 Which often to visit, I'm sure you'll be willing, 
 i
 
 66 
 
 For there's Lakes,* and there's Ruins, there's Forests 
 
 and geeses ; * 
 
 A kind loving Sister, and six Nephews and Nieces ; 
 Who long to embrace you with welcomes most hearty, 
 And your presence, your Honor, will rejoice the 
 
 whole party. 
 
 So much for abroad ; and now in your house, 
 Here's a little black Cat that won't suffer a mouse : 
 Two Maids, who for scrubbing and cooking, and such 
 
 useful labours, 
 
 Will not turn their backs to the best of their neigbours. 
 Here's a plump rosy Girl, full of frolic and glee, 
 And a nice little Miss, as you'd e'er wish to see. 
 Here shall meet you a couple of sturdy rude Boys, 
 Who will stun you with questions, and jumping, and 
 
 noise, 
 And to sum up the whole, here's your old loving 
 
 Cousin, 
 Who longs to salute you with kisses a dozen. 
 
 Some of our readers will recollect the "Gilling Waters," which 
 by the patent of poetic license, are here ennobled into a Lake.
 
 67 
 
 APPENDIX, No. I. 
 
 A List of the rarer Plants growing in the 
 neighbourhood of Richmond. 
 
 ACER CAMPESTRE, Hedges in the foot-road to Easby. 
 Actea spicata, Whitfell Gill, near Askrigg, Wens- 
 
 leydale. 
 
 Adoxa moschatellina, common under hedges, &c. 
 jEgopodium Podagraria, Low Back-house-ing. 
 Alisma ranunculoides, in a Pond on Downholme-moor- 
 Allium vineale, Castle-bank, near the Rookery at 
 
 Easby. 
 
 Allium oleraceum, Gallow-gate, upon a wall. 
 Anagallis tenella, Druggon Hill, near Scotton. 
 Antirrhinum majus, old walls in Cravengate. 
 Aquilegia vulgaris, Applegarth abundant Aysgarth 
 
 Force, Wensleydale. 
 
 Arabis hirsuta, St. Agatha's Abbey, on the ruins. 
 Arenaria verna, banks of the Swale, west of Richmond. 
 Artemisia vulgaris, Bolton-on-Swale. 
 Asplenium viride, Aislabeck. 
 
 adiantum nigrum, Clink Bank Wood. 
 
 Aspidium aculeatum Smith, Downholme Park Gill. 
 angulare Smith, ditto ditto 
 
 lobatum Smith, Billy Bank. 
 
 i2
 
 68 
 
 Aspidium oreopteris, Whashton Bank. 
 
 Avena pubescens, West Field, Richmond. 
 
 BERBERIS TULGARIS, on the ruins of St. Agatha's 
 
 Abbey. 
 Bidens cernua rar. radiated, Bolton Beck. 
 
 tripartita, Bolton Beck. 
 
 Blcchnum boreale, Aislabeck. 
 
 Blysmus compressus, St. Trinian's Pond. 
 
 Botrychium Lunaria, on the east side of the Round 
 
 Howe. 
 Brassica campcstris, on the banks of Gilling Beck. 
 
 Napus, in a Corn-field near Clapgate Bank. 
 
 CALAMAGROSTIS LANCEOLATA ROTH, in a marshy wood 
 
 near Hipswell Lodge. 
 Calamintha officinalis, Castle Bank. 
 Callitriche autumnalis, in pools of water on Down- 
 holme Moor. 
 
 Camelina saliva, in a corn-field near Clapgate. 
 Campanula glomerata, Gallow Fields. 
 
 latifolia, Hedges and Thickets. 
 
 Cardamine amara, Clink Bank, 
 
 pratensis Jlor : plena, in a marshy pasture 
 
 at Sandbeck, in the road to Scotton . 
 Carex ampullacea, near Scotton. marsh near Skeeby 
 
 Mill. 
 binervis, Black Plantation, on the road to 
 
 Kirkby Hill. 
 
 curta, Downholme Moor: 
 
 dioica, Downholme Moor. 
 
 divulsa, in the road to Easby. 
 
 CEderi, nearClapgateBank.
 
 69 
 
 Uarex flava & fulva, on the north-west of the Beacon 
 
 in marshy ground. 
 pallescens, moist pastures near Skeeby. 
 
 paniculata, marshy ground near Sedbury. 
 
 pendula, Clink Bank. 
 
 pilulifera, Downholme Moor: 
 
 pulicaris, near Hipswell Lodge, 
 
 stellulata, Hipswell Lodge. 
 
 vesicaria, in a Pond near Stt Trinians. 
 
 vulpina, Broken Briar, in the Lane. 
 
 Carlina vulgaris, Whitcliffe Scar. 
 
 Catebrosa aquatica, St. Trinians Pond. 
 
 Centaurea scabiosa, Gallow Fields. 
 
 Cerastium arvense, Castle Bank. 
 
 Chelidonium majus, in the lane to Skeeby. 
 
 Chrysosplenium alternifolium, and oppositifol : Billy 
 
 Bank, 
 Cichorium Intybus, in corn-fields from Skeeby to the 
 
 High-Street. 
 
 Clematis Vitalba, in Mr: Yorke's Grounds. 
 Circaea lutetiana, in Billy Bank Wood. 
 Clinopodium vulgare, Clink Bank. 
 Cnicus heterophyllus, new bridge oyer the Swale near 
 
 Downholme. 
 
 Cochlearia omcinalis, on the banks of the Swale. 
 Colchicum aut umnale. West Field. 
 Comarum palustre, Downholme Moor. 
 Convallaria majalis, Round Howe. 
 multiflora, banks of the Swale, opposite 
 
 Applegarth. 
 Conyolvulus Sepium, Clink Bank.
 
 70 
 
 Cornus sanguinea, Clink Bank. Round Howe. 
 Cynoglossum officinale, in the lanes about Richmond. 
 DAPHNE LAUREOLA, in the woods about Richmond. 
 
 Mezereum, near St. Trinians. on the Islands 
 
 in the Swale, below the Force. 
 Digitalis purpurea, Aislabeck. 
 Dipsacus pilosus, Applegarth, 
 
 Draba incana, on rocks on Reeth Moor, Swaledale. 
 Drosera rotundifolia, Black Plantation. 
 ELEOCUARIS FLUITANS, in Ponds on Downholme Moor. 
 
 pauciflora, in moist places on a moor near 
 
 the Beacon. 
 
 Epilobium angustifolium, banks of the Swale at Ap- 
 plegarth. 
 
 . tetragon um, Aislabeck. on the top of the 
 
 West Field. 
 Epipactis latifolia, Aske Wood. 
 
 palustris, near Skeeby Mill. 
 
 Equisetum sylraticum, Sandbeck, in the road to Scotton 
 Erigeron acre, on the ruins of St. Agatha's Abbey. 
 Eriophorum polystachion, marshy ground near 
 Hudswell. 
 
 . pubescens Smith, Aysgarth Force, 
 
 Wensleydale. 
 Erysimum Cheiranthoides, in the lane to Reeth, near 
 
 the Hagg. 
 
 Euonymus europaeus, Clink Bank. 
 Euphorbia exigua, corn-fields near Skeeby. 
 FESTUCA ELATIOR, banks of the Swale, 
 loliacea, moist meadows near Richmond.
 
 71 
 
 Festuca Myurus, near Leyburn, in the road to the 
 
 Lime Kilns. 
 GAGEA LUTEA, Bent Hagg, behind the Farm House, 
 
 in a wood opposite to Applegarth. 
 Galeopsis Ladanum, in corn-fields at Applegarth. 
 versicolor, in a corn-field at Thorpe, about 
 
 three miles west of Richmond. 
 Galium boreale, banks of the Beck between Skeeby 
 
 and Brompton. 
 
 Mollugo, near Skeeby Mill. 
 
 pusillum, Applegarth, on Limestone. 
 
 cruciatum, Hedge Banks, &c. 
 
 Genista anglica, Aislabeck. 
 
 tinctoria, near the Paper Mill. 
 
 Gentiana amarella, Race Course. 
 
 campestris, Whitcliffe Scar. 
 
 Geranium lucidum, old walls about Richmond. 
 
 columbiuum, Applegarth, Aysgarth Force. 
 
 pusillum, Applegarth. 
 
 phoeum, Aske Wood. 
 
 sylvaticum & var, in Woods common. 
 
 Geum urbanum, Clink Bank. 
 
 intermedium, Billy Bank Wood. 
 
 Gnaphalium dioicum, Aislabeck, 
 
 sylvaticum, Aislabeck. 
 
 Gymnadenia conopsea, Round Howe. 
 HABENARIA BIFOLIA, Round Howe. 
 
 viridis, Round Howe. 
 
 Helleborus viridis, in a Thicket opposite Brompton, 
 
 near Marske. 
 Hieracium raurorum, Clink Bank, on the White Dog.
 
 72 
 
 Hieracium sylvaticum, old walls, common. 
 paludosum, Aske Wood. 
 
 Hippocrepis comosa, Aysgarth Force, 
 
 Hippuris vulgaris, Semer Water, Wensleydale. 
 
 Hordeum murinum, Castle Bank. 
 
 Humulus Lupulus, Kirkby Hill; 
 
 Hutchinsia petraea, on rocks near Reeth, in Swaledale 
 
 Hydrocotyle vulgaris, near Skeeby Mill. 
 
 Hypericum dubium, Applegarth. 
 
 humifusum, near Hipswell. 
 
 pulchrum, WhitclifFe Wood. 
 
 JUNCUS OBTUSIFLORUS, near St. Trinians. 
 
 Juniperus var : nana, Red Scar, near Downholme. 
 
 LACTUCA VIROSA, on the ruins of St. Agatha's Abbey. 
 
 Lamium incisum, on a Hedge-bank near Scotton. 
 
 amplexicaule, corn-fields at the White Field, 
 
 Lathrzea Squamaria, Round Howe, and the woods 
 westward. 
 
 Ligustrum vulgare, Clink Bank. 
 
 Limosella aquatica, Bolton Beck. 
 
 Linaria cymbalaria, Castle Wall, and old Walls 
 about Richmond. 
 
 vulgaris, Gallow Fields. 
 
 minor, in the lane between Harmby and Con- 
 stable Burton. 
 
 Linum perenne, on the Shoal, Leyburn, by the edge 
 of the wood. 
 
 Listera cordata, Black Plantation. Downholme Moor. 
 
 ovata var : with three and four leaves, Black 
 
 Plantation. 
 
 nidus avis, Round Howe,
 
 73 
 
 Lithospermum ofiicinale, near St. Trinians. 
 Littorella lacustris, bogs on Downholme Moor. 
 Lotus tenuis, on a Moor near the Beacon. 
 Luzula congesta Sm : on the Training Ground. 
 
 sylvatica, Billy-bank. 
 
 Lycopus europaeus, Bolton Beck. 
 Lysimachia nummularia, Bolton Beck. 
 Lycopsis arvensis, near Brompton. 
 MALTA MOSCHATA, in the Lane to Skeeby. 
 Melampyrura pratense var : montanum, Training 
 
 Ground. 
 Melica caerulea, Black Plantation. 
 
 nutans, Aysgarth Force, Wensleydale. 
 
 Mentha piperita, Aske Wood, near the Octagon House . 
 Myosotis caespitosa, St. Trinians Pond. 
 - collina, Old Walls, Easby. 
 
 versicolor, near the Beacon. 
 
 Myriophyllum spicatum, Downholme Moor, 
 Myrrhis odorata, Easby, near the Round Howe. 
 NARCISSUS BIFLOEUS, in a field adjoining the lane to 
 
 Gilling. 
 
 Narthecium ossifragum, Black Plantation. 
 Nasturtium terrestre, Bolton Beck. 
 Nepeta cataria, in the lane to Brompton. 
 Nympha2a alba, in a Pond at Middleton Lodge. 
 CEKANTHE APIIFOLIA? near the suspension bridge, 
 
 Middleham. 
 
 Ophioglossum vulgatum, Easby. 
 Ophrys apifera, by the side of the river Ure, near 
 
 Wensley. 
 - muscifera, near Bolton Hall, Wensleydale.
 
 74 
 
 Orchis latifolia, near Skeeby Mill. 
 
 morio, West Field. 
 
 pyramidalis, near Wensley . 
 
 ustulata, West Field, near the Gravel Pit. 
 
 Orobanche rubra? Limestone Rock, on the Shoal 
 
 near Leyburn. 
 
 Oxalis acetosella var. flor. yariegat: Black Plantation. 
 PARIETARIA OFFICINALIS, Castle Walls. 
 Paris quadrifolia, Round Howe. 
 Parnassia palustris, marshy ground near Skeeby. 
 Pastinaca sativa, Marrick Park, amongst stones. 
 Petasites vulgaris f&mina, Sandbeck, the road to 
 
 Scotton. 
 
 Peplis portula, Downholme Moor. 
 Pinguicula vulgaris, near Skeeby. 
 Pimpinella magna, Jerveaux Abbey, near Middleham. 
 Pilularia globulifera, Downholme Moor. 
 Polygonun Bistorta, West Field. 
 
 minus, Bolton Beck. 
 
 viviparum, Aysgarth Force, Wensleydale. 
 
 Populus nigra, banks of the Swale below Easby. 
 Polypodium Dryopteris, Whashton Bank. 
 
 Phegopteris, Bellerby Moor. 
 
 Potamogeton crispum, in the Swale at Clink-bank. 
 
 densum, Gilling Beck. 
 
 pusillum, St. Trinians Pond. 
 
 heterophyllum, Downholme Moor: 
 
 Primula farinosa, Hips well Lodge. 
 Primus Cerasus, Round Howe. 
 
 domestica, in a hedge near Skeeby. 
 
 Padus, Clink-bank.
 
 75 
 
 Pulicaria dysenterica, in the lane at St. Trinians. 
 Pyrola minor, Aske Wood. 
 Pyrus Aria, Downholme Scar. 
 QUERCUS SESSILIFLORA, Whitcliffe Scar. 
 RANUNCULUS AQUATILIS, TAR: FLUVIATIUS, in Gil- 
 ling Beck. 
 Lingua, Wisk, near Northallerton. 
 
 aryensis, corn-fields, near Skeeby. 
 - hederaceus, in a rivulet near Skeeby. 
 
 Reseda Luteola, on the Castle-bank. 
 
 Rhamnus catharticus, hedges near Skeeby. Aysgarth 
 
 Force. 
 
 Rhinanthus major, in corn-fields near Applegarth. 
 Ribes alpinum, in the woods about Richmond. 
 
 Grossularia, hedges and woods. 
 
 petreeum, banks of the Swale, plentiful. 
 
 spicatum Robson ? not to be found. 
 
 Rubus carpinifolius, in the lane to Gilling, near Aske. 
 
 chamaemorus, on Penhill, Wensleydale. 
 
 idaeus, moist woods. 
 
 Kochleri, Clink-bank. 
 
 leucostachys, Aske Wood. 
 
 rhamnifolius, near Whitcliffe Wood. 
 
 saxatilis, Round Howe. 
 
 suberectus, moist wood near Hipsweli Lodge. 
 
 nitidus Smith, near the Farm House, Coalsgarth. 
 
 S AGIN A APEX ALA, old wall, the top of Frenchgate. 
 Sagittaria sagittifolia, Wisk, Northallerton. 
 Salix acuminata, near Colburn Wathe. 
 
 Andersoniana, in a marshy field at Ravenswath. 
 
 bicolor, banks of the Swale. 
 
 K2
 
 76 
 
 Salix decipieus, Aske Wood. 
 
 Forbiana, banks of the Swale, on the Batts, 
 
 Lambertiana, ditto ditto ditto. 
 
 pentandra, near Sedbury. 
 
 Smithiana, Clink-bank: 
 
 triandra, Gilling Beck. 
 
 oleifolia, banks of the Swale, near Colborn. 
 
 rubra, near St. Trinians. 
 
 repens, near Bellerby. 
 
 prostrata, moors, common. 
 
 Sambucus Ebulus, near Piersbridge. 
 Sanguisorba officinalis, West Field. 
 Saponaria officinalis, Castle-bank. 
 Saxifraga hypnoides, on Penhill. 
 
 aizoides, Whitfell Gill, Askrigg, in Wens- 
 
 ley dale. 
 
 granulata, West Field. 
 
 umbrosa, Aske Wood, introduced. 
 
 Schcenus nigricans, in a marsh near Skeeby Mill. 
 Scirpus sylvaticus, near Sedbury. 
 Scolopendrium vulgare, Billy -bank. 
 Scutellaria galericulata, Bolton Beck. 
 Sedum album, Old Wall, Cravengate. 
 
 reflexum, Middleton Tyas. 
 
 Senecio tenuifolius, St. Trinians. 
 
 sylvaticus, Aislabeck. 
 
 Sesleria caerulea, Aysgarth Force, 
 
 Silene maritima, Red Scar, near Downholme. 
 
 Sisymbrium Sophia, Brompton. 
 
 Sium angustifolium, marshy places near Sedbury. 
 
 inundatum, Downholme Moor.
 
 77 
 
 Slum nodiflorum, Skeeby. 
 Solanum Dulcamara, Skeeby Beck. 
 Solidago virgaurea, banks of the Swale. 
 
 var. cambrica, Reeth Moor. 
 
 Sparganium simplex, St. Trinians Pond. 
 
 natans, near Sedbury. 
 
 Spiraea salicifolia, Aske Wood. 
 Stachys arvensis, near Catterick Bridge. 
 Stellaria nemorum, Ironbanks Wood. 
 TAMUS COMMUNIS, Billy-bank, 
 Taxus baccata, Whitcliffe Wood. 
 Teucrium scordium, Bolton Beck. 
 Tilia grandifolia, Clink-bank. 
 Thlaspi alpestre, near Reeth. 
 
 arvense, near Leyburn Bleach Yard. 
 Torilis nodosa, Castle bank. 
 Trifolium medium, banks of the Swale. 
 
 striatum, Castle bank. 
 
 Triodia decumbens, Race Ground. 
 Trollius europaeus, Round Howe, east side. 
 Turritis glabra, in the lane at Catterick Bridge. 
 ULEX NANUS, Gatherley Moor Sand Pit. 
 Ulmus montana, Clink-bank. 
 
 suberosa, in the lane to Aske. 
 
 VERBASCUM THAPSUS, Castle bank. 
 
 Verbena officinalis, Skeeby. 
 
 Veronica Anagallis, in the rivulet at Skeeby. 
 
 montana, Billy-bank. 
 
 polita, in Gardens, &c. 
 
 scutellaria, im the road to Scotton, near 
 
 Sandbeck.
 
 78 
 
 Vicia sylvatica, near the Force. 
 Vinca minor, Mr. Yorke's Grounds. 
 Viola hirta, Round Howe. 
 
 lutea, Aislabeck. 
 
 palustris, Black Plantation. 
 
 odorata flore alba, in the foot lane, Gallow Fields. 
 ZANICHELLIA PALUSTRIS, in a rivulet near Skeeby . 
 
 MUSCI. 
 
 ANOMODON CURTIPENDULUM, Downholme Park, old 
 walls. 
 
 viticulosum, Round Howe. 
 
 BARTRAMIA POMIFORMIS, Billy-bank Wood. 
 
 ithyphylla, near Marske. 
 
 Bryum palustre, Black Plantation. 
 
 trichodes. on a Moor near the Beacon. 
 
 carneum, Clink-bank. 
 
 roseum, Billy-bank. 
 
 capillare, Billy-bank. 
 
 turbinatum, Billy-bank. 
 
 nutans, Downholme Moor. 
 
 vent ricosum, moor near the Beacon. 
 
 punctatum, banks of the Swale, Billy-bank. 
 
 ligulatum, Hilly-bank Wood. 
 
 rostratum, banks of the Swale. 
 
 marginatum, ditto ditto. 
 
 hornum. Clink-bank.
 
 79 
 
 Bryum cuspidatum, near the Force. 
 
 CINCLIDOTUS FONTINALOIDES, Rocks in the Swale 
 
 at the Force. 
 DICRANUM ADIANTOIDES, Downholme Moor, 
 
 taxifolium, Aske Wood, 
 
 strumiferum, Downholme Moor. 
 
 pellucidum, Billy-bank, 
 
 heteromallum, Billy-bank. 
 
 Didymodon capillaceum, Aysgarth Force, 
 
 heteromallum, Downholme Park. 
 
 rigidulam, Downholrae Park Walls. 
 
 ENCALYFTA VULGARIS, old mud walls in the road to 
 
 Aske. 
 
 FONTINALIS ANTIPYRETICA, near the Sandbeck. 
 GYMNOSTOMUM OVATUM, Castle-bank. 
 
 fasciculare, Stainton Moor. 
 
 tenue, Sandbeck. 
 
 mycrostomum, West Field. 
 
 HOOSLERIA LUCENS, Billy-bank Wood. 
 Hypnum trichomanoides, old trees, Sandbeck. 
 undulatum, Downholme Moor, 
 
 denticulatum, Gill ing Wood, near the Black 
 Plantation. 
 
 medium, Easby. 
 
 tenellum, rocks in Billy-bank. 
 
 populeum, old wall, Clink-bank. 
 
 alopecurum, Billy-bank. 
 
 dendroides, near the Hagg, in fruit. 
 myosuroides, Downholme Park. 
 
 confertum, near the Paper Mill. 
 brevirostre, Billy-bank.
 
 80 
 
 Hypnum tiuitans, Black Plantation. 
 
 uncinatum, Downholme Park. 
 
 . commutatum, Clink-bank spring. 
 
 NECKERA CRISPA, Billy-bank. 
 
 ORTHOTRICIIUM CUPULATUM, rocks, Castle-bank. 
 
 diaphanum, Trees, Back-house-ing. 
 
 pulchellum, Aske Wood. 
 POLYTRICHUM pitiFERUM, OH a moor near Hudswell. 
 
 urnigerum, St. Martins, 
 
 aloides, Black Plantation. 
 
 nanum, Aislabeck. 
 TRICHOSTOMUM CANESCENS, moor near the Beacon. 
 
 aciculare, Downholme Park Gill. 
 
 Tortula rigida, Sandbeck. 
 
 subulata, Clink-bank. 
 
 SPLACHNUM AMPULLACEUM, Downholme Moor. 
 WEISSI LANCEOLATA, Castle-bank. 
 verticillata, Clink-bank spring. 
 
 HEPATIC-iE. 
 
 JUNGERMANNIA ASPLENIOIDES, Billy-bank. 
 
 lanceolata, Billy-bank, on rocks. 
 
 Sphagni, Aislabeck. 
 
 inflata, Billy-bank. 
 
 exciba, Thorpe moor; 
 
 ventricosa, Aislabeck. 
 
 byssacea, Thorpe moor.
 
 81 
 
 Jungermannia incisa, Aislabeck. 
 
 nemorosa, Downholme Park. 
 
 umbrosa, Aislabeck. 
 
 undulata, Billy-bank. 
 
 : albicans, Aislabeck. 
 
 - Trichomanis, Aske Wood. 
 
 - heterophylla, Aske Wood. 
 serpyllifolia, Billy-bank Wood. 
 
 Tamarisci, Red Scar, 
 
 furcata, Billy-bank. 
 
 pubescens, Billy-bank. 
 
 Lyellii, in a rivulet near Skeeby Mill. 
 
 crenulata, Thorpe Moor. 
 
 MARCHANTIA. HEMISPHERIC/I, Aysgarth Force. 
 conica, Aske Wood. 
 
 STUDIOS^E ET ACUT^E.
 
 82 
 
 APPENDIX, No. II. 
 
 CUIT, IBBETSON, 
 
 Remains of Ancient Art, fyc. 
 
 THE name of Cuit has already been noticed iu the 
 previous pages. The following account of this eminent 
 artist is taken from Pilkington's Dictionary of Painters, 
 and the History of Richmond. 
 
 He was born at Moulton, near Richmond, and 
 shewing very early in life a strong inclination for 
 drawing, was patronized by Sir Lawrence Dundas, 
 who sent him to Rome. Having pursued his studies 
 there for nearly six years, with great perseverance and 
 skill, he returned to England and was employed by 
 his patron in taking the portraits of some of his grand 
 children. Mr. Cuit was very desirous of settling in 
 London to follow his profession, and took apartments 
 for that purpose; but a slow fever, which had for 
 some time been troublesome, compelled him to try the 
 benefit of his native air. Consequently he revisited 
 the north, and, finding his health restored, finally 
 settled at Richmond. There he quietly passed the 
 remainder of his life, painting with equal exactness 
 the polished features of park scenery, and the man- 
 sions of the opulent, and the moss-grown cliffs and 
 roaring torrents which are so profusely scattered about
 
 83 
 
 in Richmond and its Ticinity. Having for a number 
 of years secluded himself from the world of art, he 
 contracted a style peculiar to himself, working his 
 pictures as near as he could to approach the effect 
 which the camera obscura throws upon paper. It is 
 the daily effect of nature, without any poetic license 
 of form in compositions, or violent contrast in co- 
 louring. During M r. Cuit's long residence in Richmond, 
 his suavity of manners, and inoffensive deportment 
 gained him the friendship of the most respectable part 
 of the inhabitants, to whom he was always a welcome 
 visitor. He died at the age of 75, on the 7th of 
 February, 1818. 
 
 There is another painter of still higher eminence, 
 who, although he never resided at Richmond, may 
 with propriety be introduced here, Mr. JULIUS 
 IBBETSON, the father of the late J. C. Ibbetson, of 
 this town. The short notice of his life, given by 
 Pilkington, is very incorrect, and we therefore avail 
 ourselves of the hints respecting his setting out in life, 
 contained in his ludicrous "Accidence, or Gamut of 
 Painting in Oil." 
 
 t From his earliest youth he had a most violent pro. 
 pensity or inclination to the art, without ever meeting 
 with instruction, encouragement, or patronage, and he 
 at last, on making his way to London, found himself 
 moored in a picture dealer's garret. Here he was 
 employed in repairing the mischiefs done to the works 
 of the old masters by the sand and scrubbing brush of 
 the merciless picture cleaners. "I had," he says, "by 
 a continual acquaintance with hardship and ill usage, 
 acquired a sort of impervious husk or cork jacket,
 
 84 
 
 which enabled me to hold up my head in such miser- 
 able situations as would have consigned to oblivion 
 every propensity to exertion, in any other beside my- 
 self. The least attempt at painting any thing of my 
 own was discouraged to the last degree, by the gloomy 
 fanatic with whom I was a prisoner, prisoner I may 
 well call myself; instead of raising my pittance, on 
 which I could not exist, he would advance me trifling 
 sums, and I became his debtor. Seven whole years 
 that I lost in that manner, 1 had the dread of the 
 consequences hanging over me. I never knew the 
 amount till the consummate hypocrite had me arrested, 
 at the moment of my setting out on the first embassy 
 to China. For what? Forty Pounds, which had been 
 seven years accumulating. This last indignity almost 
 broke my heart." 
 
 " My drawings, which were only to be seen in the 
 shop windows, as I was entirely unknown, had attracted 
 the notice of some persons of taste, who, with great 
 difficulty, discovered me. I was, all at once, noticed 
 in a manner totally new to me ; by people, so con- 
 trasted to the sordid vermin with whom only I had 
 been concerned till then, that it was no wonder I was 
 elevated beyond measure." 
 
 He now rose to such eminence in his profession, 
 that his landscapes were eagerly sought for by collec- 
 tors of the first rank. The late Mr. West, very 
 appropriately called him the Berghem of England, 
 He afterwards retired to Masham, his native place, 
 and died there in the year 1817. Good specimens of 
 his style have now become scarce, and several of them 
 have lately been sold at very high prices.
 
 85 
 
 Whilst on the subject of artists, we may notice a 
 curious old painting preserved in the Bede House, or 
 Hospital, on Anchorage Hill, which was founded in 
 the year 1607, by Mrs. Elenor Bowes, upon the ruins 
 of a chapel dedicated to St. Edmund. It is a 
 PORTRAIT OF QUEEN ELIZABETH, decked out with a 
 profusion of lace and jewels. The vanity of the virgin 
 Queen has often been the subject of historical remark, 
 and such an ascendancy did this feeling acquire ovei 
 her sounder judgment, that in the latter part of her 
 reign she issued a proclamation against setting up ill- 
 favoured likenesses of her royal visage. She also 
 strictly forbid any shadow to be introduced in her 
 portraits, so that it was difficult to give them any other 
 appearance than that of a flat flesh coloured surface. 
 The latter peculiarity is strikingly apparent in the 
 picture at the Bede House, and may, in some degree, 
 be considered a proof of its authenticity, though it 
 detracts much from its effect as a work of art. It has 
 lately been cleaned, so as to restore the original colours, 
 which had become almost concealed under a coat of 
 smoke and dirt. 
 
 When part of the west end of the castle fell down, 
 some years ago, a curious horn and large silver spoon 
 were discovered, and sent to the Duke of Richmond. 
 The silver spur of a Knight has also since been found 
 in the castle, and enriches the cabinet of one of our 
 townsmen. 
 
 In the year 1720, upwards of 600 Roman silver coins, 
 of Coustantius, Juliauus, Valentinianus, &c., were dis- 
 covered in a crevice of the rock at the south-east corner
 
 86 
 
 of (he bottom of the castle hill. Gale ingeniously sup- 
 poses that some rich citizen of Catterick, (the Roman 
 Cataractonium) allured by the pleasantness of the woods 
 and water, had fixed his villa here, and trusting to the 
 solitude of the place, buried this treasure at the approach 
 of the Saxons, or ou his being called off on a distant 
 excursion. Others take this as a proof that the Roman 
 City of Cataractonium was actually situated here, close 
 to the cataract^ from which its name seems to be derived : 
 but the weight of evidence certainly preponderates in 
 favor of the claim of Catterick. 
 
 A number of common English coins, of various dates, 
 from Henry III. downwards, have been found at differ- 
 ent times in and around the town ; and pieces about the 
 reigns of Henry VIII. and his children, are frequently 
 discovered in the rubbish of old houses, which is gen- 
 erally shot into the Swale, below the bridge; the first 
 succeeding flood washes away the crumbling fragments 
 of lime, &c., and leaves the coins in the crevices which 
 intersect the rocky bed of the stream ; and they then, 
 of course, become a tempting object of research to the 
 juvenile antiquaries of the neighbouring streets.
 
 APPENDIX, No. III. 
 
 IN the notes to Sir Walter Scott's " Rokeby," there 
 is printed an ancient ballad in the Yorkshire dialect, 
 entitled, "THE FELON Sow OF ROKEBY, AND THE 
 FREERS OF RICHMOND." It presents a curious cotem- 
 porary sketch of the habits of our forefathers, and 
 though it is too long to be inserted entire, a few ex- 
 tracts will, perhaps, repay the reader's attention. 
 
 There are, in the Spectator, two very interesting 
 papers, in which Addison, with a good deal of critical 
 tact, institutes a comparison between the fine old bal- 
 lad of Chevy Chase, and various corresponding passages 
 in Virgil. The subject of this note is in a much dif- 
 ferent style, and had Addison fallen in with the "felon 
 Sow," he might, perhaps, in one of his livelier moods, 
 have amused us with demonstrating its superiority to 
 Ovid's detail of the capture of the boar at Calydon. 
 
 First comes the hero, or rather the heroine of the 
 story. 
 
 She was mare than other three, (more) 
 The griseliest beast that e'er might be, 
 
 Her head was great and gray ; 
 She was bred in Rokeby Wood, 
 There was few that thither goed, (went) 
 
 That came on live away, (alive)
 
 88 
 
 Ralph of Rokeby, with good will, 
 
 The Fryers of Richmond gave her till, (to) 
 
 Full well to garre them fare : (make) 
 Fryar Middleton, by his name, 
 He was sent to fetch her hame, 
 
 That rued him sine full sare. (since) 
 
 It will be recollected that the Friars were professed 
 mendicants, and were enjoined by the rules of their 
 order, to have no estate or regular income, but to lite 
 on the alms of the faithful. 
 
 The Friar takes with him two "wight men," to 
 secure this " wicked sew," and, after a little ma- 
 noeuvring, they succeed in haltering her ; but they 
 ioon found they had only caught a Tartar. 
 
 She bound her boldly to abide ; 
 To Peter Dale, she came aside, 
 
 With many a hideous yell ; 
 She gaped so wide, and cried so hee, 
 The Friar said, "I conjure thee, 
 
 Thou art a fiend of hell," 
 
 After a little more skirmishing, she runs off with 
 the halter, to the great relief of her captors. 
 
 The field, it was both lost and wonne, 
 The sew went home, and that fall soone, 
 To Morton on the Green ;
 
 89 
 
 When Ralph of Rokeby saw the rope, (rope) 
 He wist that there had been debate 
 Whereat the Sew had beene. 
 
 The Friar returns to Richmond in woful plight : 
 
 He look't so griesly all that night, 
 The warden said, " Yon man will fight, 
 
 "If you say ought but good ; 
 " Yon guest hath grieved him so sare, (gest, or 
 
 adventure) 
 " Hold your tongues and speak no mare, 
 
 " He looks as he were wood." 
 
 The warden waged on the morne, (hired) 
 Two boldest men that ever were borne, 
 
 I weine or ever shall be ; 
 The one was Gilbert Griffin's son, 
 Full mickle worship has he wonne, 
 
 Both by land and sea. 
 
 The other was a bastard son of Spain, 
 Many a Saracen hath he slain, 
 
 His dint hath gart them die. (blow) 
 These two the battle undertooke, 
 Against the sew, as says the booke, 
 
 And sealed security, 
 
 That they would boldly bide and fight, 
 And skomfit her in maine and might, 
 Or therefore should they die :
 
 90 
 
 The warden sealed to them againe, 
 And said, " In field if ye be slaine, 
 "This condition make I. 
 
 u We shall for you pray, sing, and read 
 " To domesday with hearty speede, 
 "With all our progeny." * 
 
 * This was the usual inducement held out to excite the 
 generosity of their benefactors. How they were in the habit of 
 managing such affairs, let old Chaucer relate. 
 
 With scrip and tipped staff, y tucked high, 
 In every house he gan to pore and pry, 
 And begged meal and cheese, or else corn. 
 His fellow had a staff tipped with horn, 
 A pair of tables all of ivory, 
 A pointell y polished fetously, (skilfully) 
 
 And wrote always the names as he stood, 
 Of all folkes that gave them any good; 
 Askaunce that he woulde for them pray, 
 " Give us a bushel wheate, malt, or rye, 
 
 * * * 
 
 " Or give us of your brawn, if ye have any, 
 " A dagon of your blanket, dear dame, (piece) 
 " Our sister dear, lo, here I write your name, 
 " Bacon or beef, or such thing as ye find." 
 
 # * * * 
 
 And when he was out at the door, anon, 
 He plained away the names, every one, 
 That he before had written on his tables; 
 He served them with nifles and with fables. 
 
 The gullibility of John Bull has long been proverbial, and 
 there seems no doubt that these gentlemen beggars were the
 
 91 
 
 Then the letters well were made, 
 Bands bound with seales brade, (broad) 
 As deedes of arms should be. 
 
 Forth they go to the conflict; and we have the 
 description of the Sow's onset, rough and bristling as 
 hard words can make it; 
 
 She came roveing them againe ; (against) 
 That saw the bastard son of Spain, 
 
 He braded out his brand ; 
 Full spiteously at her he strake, 
 For all the fence that he could make, (in spite of) 
 
 She gat sword out of hand ; 
 And rave in sunder half his sheilde, 
 And bare him backward in the feilde, 
 
 He might not her gainstand. 
 
 But master Gilbert then doughtily interposes; 
 and 
 
 Since in his hands he hath her tane, 
 
 She took him by the shoulder bane, (bone) 
 
 And held her hold full fast, 
 And strave so stiffly in that stower, 
 That through all his rich armour 
 
 The blood came at the last. 
 
 veritable predecessors of the advertising quack-doctors of our 
 times. 
 
 M 2
 
 92 
 
 Then Gilbert grieved was sea sare, (so) 
 That he rave off both hide and haire, 
 
 The flesh came fro the bone ; 
 And all with force he felled her there, 
 And wanne her worthily in werre, 
 
 And band her him alone. 
 
 The prize is then carried to Richmond, and received 
 by the brethren " with all the honors." 
 
 If ye will any more of this, 
 In the fryars of Richmond tis, 
 In parchment good and fine ; 
 
 And how fryar Middleton, that was so kend, 
 
 (well known) 
 
 At Greta Bridge conjured a feind, 
 In likeness of a swine. 
 
 And some people will, perhaps, be so uncharitable 
 as to suspect that if popish miracles, in general, were 
 as " fully and accurately reported " as friar Middle- 
 ton's feat of conjuration, a host of wonder working 
 saints would be degraded, like him, to the rank of 
 plain pig driving mortals.
 
 93 
 
 APPENDIX, No. IV. 
 
 ARCHDEACON BLACKBURNE. 
 
 THE celebrated author of the Confessional, was 
 born at Richmond, 9th of June, 1705. At the age of 
 seventeen he was admitted a pensioner of Catharine 
 Hall, Cambridge, where his peculiar notions on civil 
 and religious liberty rendered him obnoxious to his 
 superiors, and occasioned the loss of a fellowship for 
 which he was a candidate. In 1739, he was ordained, 
 and in a short time afterwards was inducted to the 
 living of Richmond, where he resided constantly for 
 forty years, during which he composed all the pieces 
 contained in his works. In July, 1750, he was col- 
 lated to the Archdeaconry of Cleveland ; and in 
 August following, to the Prebend of Bilton, by Dr. 
 Matthew Button, Archbishop of York, to whom he 
 had been for some years titular chaplain. His Con- 
 fessional came out in the spring of 1766, and was the 
 commencement of a controversy which continued until 
 about 1772, and gave rise to 70 or 80 pamphlets. 
 One singular effect followed the first publication of 
 the Confessional. It was supposed that the author of 
 such a work could not possibly remain in the church 
 after having made so many objections to her constitu- 
 tion ; and, accordingly, a congregation of dissenters
 
 94 
 
 in London, sent a deputation to him, to know whether 
 he was inclined to accept the situation of their pastor. 
 This, however, was refused. 
 
 Although he abstained from any open opposition to 
 the ptinciples and conduct of Mr. Lindsey and Dr. 
 Disney, (both his relations and friends) it is said 
 that he did not approve of either. On the secession 
 of Dr. Disney from the church, a circumstance which 
 appears to have given him great uneasiness, he went so 
 far as to draw up a paper, under the title of " An 
 answer to the question, Why are you not a Socinian ? " 
 but this, although now added to his works, was not 
 published in his life time. He had been suspected, 
 from his relationship and intimacy with Dr. Disney 
 and Mr. Lindsey, of holding the same sentiments with 
 them, and his object in the above paper, was to vin- 
 dicate his character in that respect. Still as it did not 
 appear in his life time, it could not answer that purpose. 
 However, we are now told, that some time before his 
 death, he explicitly asserted to his relative, the Rev. 
 Mr. Comber, his belief in the divinity of Christ. He 
 died August 7th, 1787, in his 83rd year. * 
 
 Biographical Dictionary.
 
 95 
 
 THE REV. AJVTHONV TEMPLE, 
 
 Was born at Craike, in Yorkshire, January 30th, 
 1723-4. He was educated at Coxwold school, and 
 from thence sent to Sidney College, Cambridge, where 
 he proceeded B.A. in 1745, and in 1770, took the 
 degree of M.A. 
 
 In 1750, he was elected master of the Free Gram- 
 mar School at Richmond, which he held till his death. 
 The testimonials to his character and abilities, produced 
 by him as candidate on that occasion, favourable as 
 they were in an extraordinary degree, were abundantly 
 realised by the most honourable discharge of the du- 
 ties of that important station for 45 years. He died 
 April 30th, 1795, in the 72nd year of his age. ''Though 
 an uninterrupted state of ill health had long confined 
 him to his house, he did not remit the most painful 
 and assiduous attention to the duties of an office for 
 which none was ever better qualified. One distin- 
 guishing feature of his character commands our ap- 
 plause. A generous patron and encourager of learning, 
 he took under his protection poor scholars, for whom, 
 as well by his own liberality, as by a prudent and 
 successful application to the clergy and gentry of the 
 neighbourhood, or to his friends at Cambridge, he 
 procured the advantages of academical instruction. 
 Many of these might be named, who are now an honor 
 to the place of their education, an ornament to the 
 republic of letters, and a blessing to society."* 
 
 * Gentleman's Magazine, vol. LXV, p. 448.
 
 96 
 
 The first station which he held in the church, after 
 his quitting Cambridge, was the curacy of Kilburne, 
 in the north riding. He was afterwards for some 
 time lecturer of Royston, in Hertfordshire ; but the 
 only ecclesiastical preferment which he possessed, was 
 the vicarage of Easby, near Richmond, to which he 
 was presented in 1770. 
 
 In 1766, he published a visitation Sermon, preached 
 at Richmond in that year, which was followed by the 
 publication of various other sermons and controversial 
 pamphlets. 
 
 This short notice of Mr. Temple's valuable life, is 
 extracted from the first volume of Nichols's Illustra- 
 tions of the Literary History of the eighteenth 
 century.
 
 97 
 
 APPENDIX, No. V 
 
 REV. JAMES TATE, CANON RESIDENTIARY 
 OF ST. PAUL'S. 
 
 NEVER was the honest sympathy of pleasure so 
 universally and unequivocally displayed through the 
 town, as on the occasion of Mr. Tate receiving his 
 long looked for preferment. The news went home to 
 the feelings of every individual who heard it, the 
 bells were speedily set agoing, and the cheerful old 
 Grecian was well nigh smothered with the congratula- 
 tions which poured in from every side. An address 
 was speedily drawn up and placed at the principal inn, 
 to receive the signatures of his townsmen ; and very 
 soon afterwards, a subscription (not to exceed five 
 shillings each) was opened for the purchase of a suit- 
 able piece of plate, to be presented to him as a solid 
 and lasting testimony of the esteem in which he was 
 held. 
 
 The Mechanics' Institute, of which Mr. Tate had 
 been the principal promoter, next met him with a 
 congratulatory address, which was delivered to him 
 at their Annual Meeting, by H. W. Yeoman, Esq. 
 It may possibly amuse the stranger, and must certainly
 
 98 
 
 interest our townsmen, to preserve a copy of each of 
 these addresses. That from the Inhabitants at large, 
 was as follows : 
 
 DEAR AND REVEREND SIR, 
 
 He who fully and faithfully discharges 
 the important duties of a public preceptor has a 
 just right to the proud title of a PUBLIC BENEFACTOB. 
 The splendid academical success of your pupils for a 
 long series x>f years has ranked you with the first 
 classical teachers of the land, and the respect and 
 affection of all your scholars bespeak the endearing 
 qualities of your character. That services so eminent, 
 and qualities so estimable, should finally be rewarded 
 with becoming clerical honour and emolument, has 
 ever been one of the dearest hopes of us all. Our 
 hope has at length, through the munificence of our most 
 gracious and patriotic king, been happily realised. 
 We hail with unbounded delight your well merited 
 elevation to the dignity of CANON RESIDENTIARY OF 
 ST. PAUL'S, and with our cordial congratulations on 
 this joyful occasion, we combine a fervent prayer that 
 you may long enjoy your learned repose, blessed by 
 the happiness and prosperity of your family. 
 
 The next is a copy of the address from the Institute. 
 
 DEAR AND REVEREND SIR, 
 
 We, the members of the Richmond Me- 
 chanics' Institute, most respectfully beg leave to tender 
 to you our sincere congratulations on your elevation 
 to the dignity of Canon Residentiary of St. Paul's
 
 99 
 
 Cathedral, which our beloved King has so graciously 
 conferred upon you. 
 
 When we consider that for more than thirty-six 
 years you have been usefully, honourably, and most 
 successfully engaged as a public teacher; when we 
 consider your conduct as the unwearied advocate of 
 rational liberty in its fullest extent, as also your 
 amiable and truly benevolent character in private life ; 
 and, above all, when we call to mind that notwith- 
 standing the many important demands on your valuable 
 time from other and higher quarters, you have promoted 
 to the utmost of your powerful abilities the diffusion 
 of useful knowledge in an humbler sphere by accepting 
 the office, and most effectually discharging the duties 
 of president of our institution, fostering and encoura- 
 ging it by your attendance and counsel, and teaching 
 us to seek knowledge for its own sake; when we 
 consider these among many other claims to our grati- 
 tude and respect, we cannot but esteem this beneficent 
 act of a gracious Sovereign as a just and well earned 
 tribute to a consistent, useful, virtuous, and honourable 
 life. 
 
 That, Sir, you may long enjoy in health and hap. 
 piness all the advantages of so distinguished a mark 
 of royal favour, is our most earnest and heartfelt 
 prayer. 
 
 To this was returned the following reply :
 
 100 
 
 GENTLEMEN, MY FRIENDS, AND BROTHER MEMBERS OF 
 THE MECHANICS' INSTITUTE OF RICHMOND, 
 
 The very handsome estimate which you 
 have been pleased to express of my humble services as 
 the president of your society, it would ill become me 
 to call in question. And however flattering the lan- 
 guage of your congratulation may sound on the 
 promotion which our most gracious sovereign has 
 conferred upon me, I yet believe it to be as 
 sincerely offered on your part, as it is received with 
 all affectionate welcome on mine. 
 
 The whole indeed of my intercourse with you, 
 gentlemen, has been so entirely pleasing in its origin 
 and continuance, and any advice or countenance in 
 my power to give, has been so constantly seconded by 
 your good will and good sense in cheerfully accepting 
 it ; that after all, perhaps, (and for that I am grateful) 
 you have made one generous mistake in striking the 
 balance, and have imputed as a merit to the atten- 
 tions of the president, what was due to the excellent 
 dispositions of the society itself. 
 
 Owing every thing under God's good providence, as 
 I have done from my earliest years, to the great 
 advantages of learned and religious education afforded 
 by the Free Grammar School of Richmond,* on that 
 ground alone I should be strangely insensible to the 
 
 * Can the letter concerning the kind hearted Schoolmaster of Rich- 
 mond, in No. 168 of the Spectator, be supposed to refer to our 
 Richmond ? If BO, the selection of Richmond as the date of the 
 letter, is a pleasing proof of the celebrity which the School had 
 then acquired . It is singularly applicable to the present management 
 of the boys. ED.
 
 101 
 
 most natural of obligations, if I did not advocate and 
 help to advance the diffusion of sound knowledge and 
 useful learning in every circle of human life. 
 
 To you therefore, gentlemen, my friends, as well in 
 the concerns of this our society, as in every other 
 honest and honourable pursuit in which you are enga- 
 ged, I heartily wish all prosperity ; and praying God 
 to bless you here and hereafter, I bid you for the 
 present most affectionately farewell. 
 
 JAMES TATE. 
 
 Amid all these gratifying tokens of esteem towards 
 Mr. Tate, it is to be hoped that the extensive learning, 
 suavity of manners, and exemplary character of his 
 successor, will not be overlooked or undervalued; but 
 will have the effect of ensuring the continuance of 
 that respect and patronage which Richmond School 
 has so long enjoyed. 
 
 THE END. 
 
 DARLINGTON: PRINTED BY J. WILSON.
 
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