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BOSCOBEL 
 
Sf^DEltS REGIS fcREGgL 
 
BOSCOBEL 
 
 OR THE HISTORY OF THE MOST 
 MIRACULOUS PRESERVATION OF 
 
 KING CHARLES II. 
 
 AFTER THE BATTLE OF WORCESTER 
 SEPTEMBER THE THIRD 
 
 BY THOMAS BL 
 
 OUNT it/^ ' 
 
 To which is added the King's own 
 
 account of his adventures^ dictated to 
 
 Mr. Samuel Pepys 
 
 EDITED WITH AN INTRODUCTION 
 AND BIBLIOGRAPHY BY 
 
 CHARLES G. THOMAS 
 
 WITH AN ARMORIAL FRONTISPIECE BY 
 C. W. SHERBORN 
 
 LONDON 
 TYLSTON AND EDWARDS 
 
 1894 
 
X)A4-46 
 
 ■^.^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 Of this edition 500 copies have been printed 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 INTRODUCTION, ix 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY, xxv 
 
 BOSCOBEL. PART I., 7 
 
 BOSCOBEL. PART II., 81 
 
 THE KING'S NARRATIVE, .... 123 
 A PROCLAMATION FOR THE DISCOVERY 
 AND APPREHENDING OF CHARLES 
 STUART AND OTHER TRAYTORS, 
 
 1651, 165 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 On September the 3rd, 1651, was fought at Wor- 
 cester the last battle of the Civil War. A few 
 weeks earlier Charles the Second had suddenly 
 broken up his camp at Stirling and had crossed 
 the Border at the head of 12,000 men, in the 
 desperate hope of raising England against the 
 Parliament. Meeting with little opposition on 
 his march southward, but with no success in the 
 enlistment of recruits, he occupied Worcester on 
 August the 22nd, and on the following day was 
 proclaimed king. On the 28th, Cromwell, who 
 had followed rapidly from Scotland, appeared 
 before Worcester with 30,000 men, and five days 
 later, on the anniversary of Dunbar, — his lucky 
 day — assaulted the city with overwhelming force. 
 
 All day and far into the night the fight went on. 
 
 b 
 
X BOSCOBEL 
 
 The overthrow of the Royalist army was com- 
 plete : it is said that 3000 men were killed, and 
 5000 taken prisoners. Late in the evening, after 
 a gallant but fruitless attempt to rally his 
 broken forces, Charles rode oiF on the road to 
 Kidderminster with sixty of his most trusty 
 adherents. 
 
 The story of his subsequent adventures is, per- 
 haps, the most romantic episode in the chequered 
 history of the House of Stuart. No pains were 
 spared by the Parliament to effect his capture. 
 A reward of iPlOOO was offered for his appre- 
 hension ; those who should harbour or assist 
 him in any way were proclaimed guilty of high 
 treason; magistrates were ordered to arrest all 
 unknown persons found within their jurisdiction ; 
 and a strict watch was kept on the passages of 
 rivers and at the sea-port towns. Nevertheless, 
 Charles vanished so completely, that before the 
 tidings came of his safe arrival in France, it 
 was currently believed that after his flight from 
 
INTRODUCTION x| 
 
 Worcester he had been killed by peasants 
 ignorant of his rank. 
 
 Something he owed to the route which chance 
 led him to take. The common opinion was that 
 he would endeavour to retreat to Scotland with 
 the remnant of the army he had brought thence. 
 Six days after the battle Colonel Birch wrote 
 from Manchester to the Speaker of the House 
 of Commons : 
 
 ' I think the Scots'* king came this way with 
 ' Lieutenant-General Lesley and Lieutenant- 
 ' General Middleton, who were taken on Black- 
 ' stone Edge in the moors betwixt Karsdale and 
 ' Halifax, and we believe that he escaped towards 
 ' Yorkshire in some disguise. All search is 
 ' made for him here that may be amongst the 
 ' prisoners, but he cannot be heard of.' 
 
 Charles, however, had quickly decided that to 
 retreat northward with a band of beaten and 
 demoralised men was to court capture or destruc- 
 tion. His first plan was to push on with a few 
 
xii BOSCOBEL 
 
 companions for London in the hope of arriving 
 there before the news of his defeat. Finding this 
 impossible, and being foiled in his subsequent 
 design of reaching Wales by the difficulty of 
 crossing the Severn, he journeyed in the disguise 
 of a countryman southward into Somersetshire. 
 On the failure of a well-planned attempt to 
 embark at Charmouth, he determined to make for 
 one of the south coast ports, and passing safely 
 through Dorsetshire and Hampshire, finally set 
 sail at Shoreham for the coast of Normandy, six 
 weeks after the rout at Worcester. 
 
 But his deliverance was due mainly to that 
 extraordinary personal devotion which the Stuarts 
 inspired. The Prince Charles Edward was not 
 more loyally served a century later by the clans- 
 men of the Western Isles than was Charles 
 the Second by the hinds and squires of Shrop- 
 shire and Somerset. Forty or fifty persons 
 were privy to his secret; but no individual was 
 tempted by the greatness of the reward or the 
 
INTRODUCTION xiu 
 
 favour of a powerful Government to betray him. 
 And in the personal courage he displayed, in his 
 ready wit and good humour in suffering and 
 danger, Charles bore himself not unworthy of 
 the fidelity of his followers. 
 
 It is no wonder that so brave a tale of hair- 
 breadth escapes and unswerving loyalties should 
 have caught the popular fancy. In many a 
 village there lingers to this day some tradition 
 of the royal fugitive, and many a manor house 
 is anxious to assert its claim to have sheltered 
 him. The sign of ' The Royal Oak ' still swings 
 on numerous village inns, recalling that miser- 
 able day spent in the woods of Boscobel. To 
 the fervid loyalists of the Restoration the story 
 of the ' Royal Progress ' was more strange and 
 fascinating than a fairy tale. In the days of 
 that great reaction, no flavour of servility was 
 too strong ; and of the accounts then published 
 of the King's adventures some are written in 
 a style which in our more sober century seems 
 
xiv BOSCOBEL 
 
 exaggerated and unmanly. Of these contem- 
 porary narratives the most satisfactory and 
 complete is Boscobel, by Thomas Blount. It 
 was popular at the time of its appearance, passed 
 through many editions, and was translated into 
 French and Portuguese. It is no doubt in the 
 main an accurate account of what occurred ; and 
 it is in substantial agreement with the King''s own 
 story of his adventures, dictated by his majesty 
 to Mr. Samuel Pepys at Newmarket in 1680. 
 
 Thomas Blount, born in 1618, was the son of 
 Myles Blount of Orleton in Herefordshire, and 
 came of a younger branch of the ancient family 
 of his name. He was called to the Bar at the 
 Inner Temple, and was the author of several 
 works on legal subjects, the best known of which 
 is Fragmenta Antiquifatis : Ancient Tenures of 
 Land and Jocular Customs of some Manors^ 
 which appeared in 1679, and has been frequently 
 republished. He died in 1679, aged sixty-one. 
 In religion he was a Catholic. 
 
INTRODUCTION xv 
 
 The learned Dr. Nash, the historian of 
 Worcestershire, denied that Blount was the 
 author of Boscobel; but it has been commonly 
 attributed to him, and the preface to the first 
 edition of 1660 is signed Thomas Blount. He 
 was undoubtedly familiar with the details of 
 Charles's escape, and in his Animadversions upon 
 Sir Richard BaJcer''s Chronicle and its Continua- 
 tion, published at Oxford in 1672, makes some 
 parade of this knowledge. For example, the 
 Chronicle says, ' His majesty by ladders ascended 
 ' into the top of that most celebrated oake ' : — on 
 which Blount remarks, 'There were no ladders 
 ' in the case, for the King ascended the oake by 
 ' the help of Colonel Carlos and two of the 
 ' Pendrels and his own agility.' 
 
 The first part of Boscobel, printed for Henry 
 Seile, London, 1660, contains an account of the 
 King'^s adventures, up to the time of his leaving 
 Boscobel. In 1681 a second part was published 
 concluding the story. With the two parts 
 
xvi BOSCOBEL 
 
 was printed the Claustrum Regale Reseratum, by 
 Mrs. Anne Wyndham, a narrative of the King's 
 concealment at Trent in Somersetshire, which had 
 previously appeared alone in 1667. A list of the 
 various editions of these works is given below. 
 
 The King's own account, dictated to Mr. 
 Samuel Pepys, and to be found among the Pepys 
 Mss., is a singularly unaffected narrative and 
 bears strong internal evidence of its genuineness. 
 It is printed here in addition to Boscoheh From 
 a comparison of the two the following diary of 
 Charles's movements has been constructed. 
 
 Sept. 3rd. Battle of Worcester. 
 
 „ 4!th. Charles reaches White Ladies in the early 
 
 dawn; proceeds at night to Madeley 
 
 and sleeps in a barn. 
 
 „ 5th. In the evening he returns to Boscobel, 
 
 „ 6th. and arrives there about 6 a.m. He 
 
 conceals himself with Colonel Carlis in 
 
 an oak during the day ; in the evening 
 
 am^ sups at Boscobel House and sleeps there. 
 
 7th, At nightfall he sets out for Moseley, 
 
 accompanied by the Penderels and 
 
 > 
 
^X' 
 
 INTRODUCTION xvii 
 
 Yates ; and is welcomed at Moseley by 
 ^.^y Mr. Whitgreave. 
 
 ^ Sept. 8th, Boscobel is searched by Parliamentary 
 
 troops. Charles remains at Moseley. 
 \\fi\/^f} 9th. Moseley is visited by soldiers. Charles 
 hides in a garret, and proceeds in the 
 evening to Bentley Hall. 
 
 10^^. At dawn he leaves Bentley Hall, riding 
 before Mrs. Jane Lane as a servant. 
 At Wotton he rides through a troop 
 of cavalry. The party sleeps at 
 Mr. Tombs' at Long Marston; and 
 
 11th. proceeds to Cirencester. 
 
 12th. Thence to Mr. Morton's house at Abbot's 
 Leigh, near Bristol, where Charles re- 
 mains till the l6th. 
 
 l6th. Finding no opportunity of embarking at 
 Bristol, Charles sets out for Trent, in 
 Somersetshire, the seat of Colonel 
 Wyndham. He sleeps at Castle Cary. 
 
 nth. He arrives at Trent, and remains there 
 while Colonel Wyndham and Ellesdon 
 endeavour to procure a vessel at Char- 
 mouth. 
 
 227id. The royal party proceeds thither. 
 Failure of the attempt to take ship 
 there. 
 
xviii BOSCOBEL 
 
 Sept. 23rd. Charles having determined to return to 
 Trent, sets forth for Bridport, and 
 proceeds thence to Broadwindsor. 
 „ 9.4ith. He reaches Trent in safety, and remains 
 there till October 6th. 
 Oct. 6th. Charles leaves Trent in the morning, 
 reaches Hele House, near Amesbury, 
 the seat of Mr. Hyde, and remains 
 there till the 13th. 
 „ 13th. He proceeds to Hambledon, in Hamp- 
 shire, and sleeps at Mr. Symon's house. 
 „ 14/A. He reaches Brighthelmstone ; 
 „ 15th. Sets sail from Shoreham, 
 „ l6th. and arrives in safety at Fescamp, near 
 Dieppe. 
 
 Around what may be termed the orthodox 
 history, represented by Blount, the Pepys ms., 
 and some of the minor narratives, there clusters 
 a number of traditions and stories which must 
 for the most part be pronounced apocryphal. 
 Scott took Charles to Woodstock, Ainsworth to 
 Ovingdean Grange ; — for these flights of fancy 
 there is of course no historical foundation. But 
 as to the precise locality of various adventures 
 
INTRODUCTION xix 
 
 and incidents there is some diversity of opinion 
 in the more serious accounts, and still more in 
 popular tradition. This is not unnatural, as 
 until the Restoration, nine years later, it was 
 the interest of all concerned to keep secret the 
 part they had played. Some of the particulars 
 of the story seem to have leaked out, but it was 
 commonly thought that Charles had reached 
 London and embarked there. In the British 
 Museum is preserved a broadsheet entitled 'A 
 ^ mad Designe ; or, a Description of the King of 
 ' Scots marching in disguise after the rout at 
 ' Worcester, with the particulars where he was, 
 
 * and what he and his company did every day and 
 ' night after he fled from Worcester.' London, 
 printed by Robert Ibbitson, 1651 ; with 
 
 * November 6th ' below in ms. In this Round- 
 head account it is related that Charles with the 
 Duke of Buckingham and Lord Wilmot came 
 into Cheshire and thence into the borders of 
 Lancashire, where they 'lay close in a hollow 
 
XX BOSCOBEL 
 
 ' tree ' ; and that they obtained the assistance of 
 a certain lady whose servants they pretended to 
 be. ' On the ninth of September they took an 
 ' intended voyage for Bristol, and the Scots' king 
 ' rid before the lady on one horse, the Duke of 
 ' Buckingham before her gentlewoman upon 
 ' another horse, and the Lord Wilmot as her 
 ' groom upon an horse by himselfe. 
 
 ' About the middle of September they got to 
 ' Bristol, but they heard in their inne so great 
 ' a talk what search was made after them, that 
 ' they presently took horse, not daring to stay 
 ' there, and away they came for London. 
 
 ' About the twentyeth of September they got 
 * to London, and went abroad, sometimes in the 
 ' mornings and at evenings, but generally lay 
 ' very close all day. . . . 
 
 ' The Lord Wilmot procured a merchant to 
 ' hire a ship of forty tuns to transport them, 
 ' which cost them .^'ISO. 
 
 ^ About the middle of October, having taken 
 
INTRODUCTION xxi 
 
 ' leave of and thanked the lady with many 
 ' salutations and promises, to Gravesend they 
 ' went, and from thence on and a-shipboard 
 ' . . . and so set saile for Havre de Grace, 
 ' where they landed.' 
 
 There is also in the British Museum a ballad 
 of the same period entitled ' The last news from 
 ' France ; being a true relation of the escape of 
 ' the King of Scots from Worcester to London, 
 ' and from London to France, who was conveyed 
 ' away by a young gentleman in woman's apparel ; 
 
 * the King of Scots attending on this supposed 
 ^ gentlewoman in manner of a serving-man.' 
 
 A story is still current in Dorsetshire of 
 Charles having taken refuge in Coaxden Hall 
 between Chard and Axminster, and of his being 
 concealed there by Mrs. Cogan, the lady of the 
 house. It was first printed in Mr. Walter 
 Wilson's Life and Times of Daniel Defoe 
 (London, 1830), whose version is as follows : — 
 
 * Here they (the Cogans) were seated at the 
 
xxii BOSCOBEL 
 
 ' time of the battle of Worcester, when the 
 ' Royalists being entirely defeated, Prince 
 ' Charles, afterwards Charles ii., escaped in 
 ' disguise and for some weeks eluded his pursuers, 
 ' until he found means to depart the country. 
 ' Having gone to Lyme for that purpose, the 
 ' people, who were most disaffected to him, soon 
 ' got scent of it, which obliged him to make a 
 ' hasty retreat. Closely pursued on all sides, 
 ' he took refuge at Coaxden, and entering the 
 ' parlour where Mrs. Cogan was sitting alone, 
 ' threw himself upon her protection. It was 
 ' then the fashion, as it was long afterwards, 
 ' for ladies to wear large hoops ; and as no time 
 ' was to be lost, the soldiers being at his heels, 
 ' she hastily concealed him under this portion 
 ' of her dress. Mrs. Cogan was in her affections 
 ' a loyalist, but her husband belonged to the 
 ' opposite party, and was then out on his estate. 
 ' . . . The lady provided for the security of 
 ' the fugitive, until it was prudent for him to 
 
INTRODUCTION xxiii 
 
 ' depart ; and having furnished him with pro- 
 ' visions and a change of apparel he proceeded 
 ' on his journey to Trent.' 
 
 It is added that Charles sent to Mrs. Cogan 
 from the Continent, as a reward for her loyalty, 
 a gold chain and locket engraved with his arms, 
 which remained in the family for over a hundred 
 years. It is strange that so striking a story, 
 if true, should not have found its way into any 
 of the contemporary accounts.^ The conjecture 
 may be hazarded that Coaxden was one of the 
 numerous houses searched by Parliamentary 
 soldiers, and that Mrs. Cogan was wrongly 
 accused of concealing the fugitive in the manner 
 
 ^ See * King Charles the Second and the Cogans of Coaxden 
 Manor : A missing chapter in the Boscobel Tracts, Edited by a 
 Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. ' London: Elliot Stock, 
 1 89 1. Also Notes and Queries for Somerset and Dorset^ vol. 
 iii. part xxiv. Sherborne, December 1893. 
 
 A supposed visit of Charles to Pillesden House, Dorset, the 
 seat of Sir Hugh Wyndham, is dealt with in the Proceedings 
 of the Dorset Natural History and Antiquarian Field Club, 
 vol. vii. pp. 9-28. 
 
xxiv BOSCOBEL 
 
 described. It is quite possible that Charles sent 
 her the chain as a recompense for indignities she 
 may have undergone. At Pillesden House, in 
 the neighbourhood, a young lady was cruelly 
 treated under the belief that she was the king 
 in disguise. 
 
 At his restoration, Charles lost no time in 
 rewarding the chief actors in the drama of his 
 escape. The Penderels — 'five faithful brothers' 
 — were summoned to Westminster, and received 
 a suitable reward ; and subsequently small pen- 
 sions were settled on them and their heirs for 
 ever. On Mrs. Jane Lane (afterwards Lady 
 Fisher) a pension of =£^1000 a year for life was 
 bestowed, and on her brother. Colonel Lane, one 
 of .£500. Smaller pensions were also granted to 
 Dame Anne Wyndham, Mr. Whitgreave, Captain 
 Tettersell, and others. To Colonel Carlis, Charles' 
 companion in 'that most celebrated oake' at 
 Boscobel, a grant of arms was made in perpetuam 
 rei memoriam. 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
 
 The following is a list of the contemporary narra- 
 tives of Charles' escape. They may be divided into 
 two classes : (1) those which give, or profess to give, 
 a complete account of his proceedings; (2) sub- 
 sidiary accounts of special periods or incidents, 
 written by the chief actors themselves. In the 
 former class the narratives of Charles himself, of 
 Blount, and of Clarendon are the most important. 
 
 In the second class are comprised the Prisoner 
 at Chester's letter, relating to the fight at Wor- 
 cester; the narratives of Mr. Whitgrave and 
 Father Huddleston; the *Claustrum Regale 
 Reseratum; or, the King's Concealment at Trent'; 
 the accounts given by Mr. Ellison and Captain 
 Alford of the attempted Embarkation at Char- 
 mouth; and Colonel Counter's narrative of the 
 last stage in the journey and the successful passage 
 
 c 
 
xxvi BOSCOBEL 
 
 to Normandy. These minor histories are of great 
 interest and importance, and a reprint of them 
 would form a desirable supplement to the present 
 volume. 
 
 In 1830 Mr. J. Hughes published a work entitled 
 The Boscohel Tracts, in which were printed 
 ' Boscobel/ the Pepys account, extracts from 
 Clarendon, and some of the smaller narratives, 
 with a valuable introduction. But Mr. Hughes 
 does not seem to have been aware of the full 
 extent of the literature of the subject. A second 
 edition was published in 1857. 
 
 Among more recent publications may be 
 mentioned Captain Tettersell, and the Escape 
 of Charles IL, by F. E. Sawyer, Esq., Lewes, 
 1882 — a pamphlet relating to the King's em- 
 barkation at Brighton, and the subsequent career 
 of Captain Tettersell; and an interesting article 
 entitled 'Boscobel and Whiteladies,* by Mr. J. 
 Penderel-Brodhurst, a descendant of the Penderel 
 family, which appeared in the Art Journal for 1889- 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY xxvii 
 
 Blount's 'Boscobel.' 
 
 Boscobel ; or, the History of His Majestie's most 
 
 miraculous Preservation after the Battle of Wor- 
 cester^ 3rd Sept. 1651. London. Printed for 
 H. Seile, Stationer to the King's Most Excellent 
 Majesty. 1660. 12mo, pp. 55. 
 
 Boscobel ; or, the History of His Majestie's most 
 
 miraculous Preservation after the Battle of Wor- 
 cester, 3rd Sept. 1651, introduced by an exact 
 relation of that battle, and illustrated with a map 
 of the City. London. Printed for A. Seile, over 
 against St. Dunstan's Church, in Fleet Street. 
 1662. 12mo, pp. 71. 
 With this was published 
 
 Boscobel, etc. The Second Part. 12mo, pp. 38. 
 
 Boscobel, etc. The Third Edition, with addition 
 
 of ' Claustrum Regale Reseratum ; or, the King's 
 Concealment at Trent.' Published by A. W. 
 London. Printed by M. Clarke, and to be sold 
 by H. Brome and C. Harper at their shops in 
 St. Paul's Church Yard and Fleet Street 1680. 
 12mo. 
 
 Boscobel, etc. The Fourth Edition. Edinburgh. 
 
 Printed by James Watson, on the north side of 
 the Cross, for Charles Jackson, merchant. 1709. 
 12mo, pp. vi. + 60. [Contains the two parts and 
 the 'Claustrum.'] 
 
xxviii BOSCOBEL 
 
 Blount's *Boscobel/ 
 
 Boscobel ; or, the Compleat History of the most 
 
 miraculous Preservation of King Charles ii. after 
 the Battle of Worcester, September the 3rd_, 1651, 
 to which is added, ^ Claustrum Regale Reseratum ; 
 or, the King's Concealment at Trent.' Publish'd 
 by Mrs. Anne Wyndham. The Fourth Edition, 
 adorn'd with Cuts. With a Supplement to the 
 whole. London. Printed for J. Wilford at the 
 Three Golden Flower-de-Luces in Little Britain. 
 MDCCxxv. 12mo, pp. 189. 
 
 Boscobel ; or, the Compleat History of the most 
 
 miraculous Preservation of King Charles ii. after 
 the Battle of Worcester, April (sic.) the 3rd, 1651. 
 To which is added, ' Claustrum Regale Reseratum ; 
 or, the King's Concealment at Trent. ' Publish'd 
 by Mrs. Anne Wyndham. The Fifth Edition. 
 With a Supplement to the whole. London. 
 Printed for M. Cooper at the Globe, in Pater- 
 noster Row. MDCcxLiii. 12mo, pp. 192. 
 
 Another edition was published in 1769. In 1786 a reprint of the 
 two parts of ' Boscobel ' alone was published at Birmingham 
 (printed for C. Earl. 8vo, pp. 132). A reprint of the First 
 Edition of 1660 (the first part only) was published at Doncaster 
 in 1809, and a similar reprint at Wellington, Salop, in 1822. 
 Both parts of ' Boscobel' were printed by Mr. Hughes in the 
 ' Boscobel Tracts,' 1830 and 1857. 
 
 The King's Account, dictated to Samuel Pepys. 
 
 An Account of the Preservation of King Charles 11. 
 after the Battle of Worcester, drawn up by him- 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY xxix 
 
 self. To which are added his letters to several 
 persons. London, W. Sandby. 1766. 8vo, pp. 
 viii. + 190. 
 
 To this narrative Mr. Pepys has subjoined his own 
 remarks, and many corrections and illustrations 
 procured from the King, from Father Hodlestone, 
 and from Colonel Philips. They are inserted in 
 the form of notes. 
 
 An Account, etc. Glasgow. Printed by Robert and 
 
 Andrew Foulis, and sold by John Balfour, Book- 
 seller in Edinburgh, mdcclxvi. Small 8vo, pp. 
 190. 
 
 The same sheets with a new imprint. Edinburgh. 
 
 Printed for Archibald Constable, by J. Moir, 
 Royal Bank Close, 1801. Also in London, 
 printed for S. Gosnell, 1803. 
 
 An Account of King Charles the Second's escape 
 
 from Worcester, dictated by the King himself. 
 From the Pepys mss. In the Bibliotheca Curiosa 
 of E. M. Goldsmid. 1883. 8vo, pp. 42. 
 
 This Account is printed in Hughes* ^Boscobel 
 Tracts.' 
 
 Clarendon (Lord). History of the Rebellion (13th 
 Book). 
 * Clarendon professed to have derived his informa- 
 tion from Charles and the other actors in the 
 transaction, and asserts that "it is exactly true; 
 
XXX BOSCOBEL 
 
 that there is nothing in it the verity whereof can 
 justly be suspected." Yet whoever will compare 
 it with the other accounts will see that much of 
 great interest has been omitted, and much so dis- 
 figured as to bear little resemblance to the truth. 
 It must be that the historian, writing in banish- 
 ment, and at a great distance of time, trusted 
 to his imagination to supply the defect of his 
 memory. ' — Lingard. 
 
 Baker (Sir Richard). 
 
 Chronicle of the Kings of England. Third Edition, 
 
 with a continuation by Edw. Philips. 1660. 
 
 Bate(G.), M.D. 
 
 Elenchi motuum nuperorum in Anglia. Pars 
 Secunda : Simil ac Regis effugii mirabilis e Proe- 
 lio Wigornise enarratio. Authore Georgio Bateo, 
 M.D. Regiae Majestatis Proto-medico et CoUegii 
 Londinensis socio. Mtsb Christianas Anno 1662. 
 Londini. Typis J. Flesher. Prostat Venalis 
 apud R. Royston S. Regiae Majestatis Biblio- 
 polam. 1663. 8vo. 
 
 Reprinted 1676, 1685, etc. 
 
 Jenings (A.). 
 
 Miraculum Basilicon ; or, the Royale Miracle. Truly 
 exhibiting the wonderful Preservation of his Sacred 
 Majesty in, with his miraculous escape after, the 
 Battel of Worcester; with his Deliverances at 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY xxxi 
 
 Edgehill and in the Downs; faithfully collected 
 and composed from the best and truest Relations ; 
 But as to that of Worcester, principally from the 
 incomparable 'Elenchus motuum/ etc., as it was 
 immediately delivered from the King's own mouth 
 to the learned author. By A. J. Eirenophila- 
 lethes. London. Printed in the year 1664. 
 
 Monarchy Revived in the most Illustrious Charles 
 the Second, whose Life and Reign is exactly 
 described in the ensuing Discourse. London. 
 Printed by R. Daniel for Francis Eglesfield, 
 at the Marygold, in St. Paul's Churchyard. 
 
 MDCLX. 
 
 Dedicated to the happy Preserver of his Sacred 
 Majesty, the Lady Jane Lane. 
 Reprinted in 1822. London, Charles Baldwyn. 
 
 The History of his Sacred Majesty Charles ii.. 
 King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, 
 Defender of the Faith, etc. Begun from the 
 murder of his Royal Father of happy memory 
 and continued to this present year 1660. By a 
 person of quality. London. Printed for James 
 Davies, and are to be sold at the Turk's head in 
 Ivie Lane and at the Greyhound in St. Paul's 
 Churchyard. 1660. 12mo, pp. xxii. + 236. 
 
 A copy of this small tract is in the British 
 Museum. 
 
xxxii BOSCOBEL 
 
 England's Triumph, a more exact History of his 
 Majestie's escape after the Battle of Worcester. 
 London. 1660. 8vo. 
 
 Mentioned in Lowndes' 'Bibliographers' Manual.* 
 
 The Five Faithful Brothers, a discourse between 
 Charles ii. and the five brothers at his escape 
 from Worcester, with Mrs. Lane's conveying his 
 Majesty through all his difl&culties, etc. 1660. 
 12mo. 
 
 Mentioned in Lowndes' 'Bibliographers* Manual.' 
 
 COLBORN (G.). 
 
 An exact narrative and relation of His Most Sacred 
 
 Majesty's miraculous escape from Worcester on 
 the third of September, 1651, till his arrival at 
 Paris. Printed at London for G. Colborn. 1660. 
 4to, 8 pages. 
 Reprinted in the Harleian Miscellany. 
 
 Danvers, John. 
 
 — r- The Royal Oake ; or, an historical description of 
 the Royal Progress, wonderful travels, miraculous 
 escapes of His Sacred Majesty Charles the Second, 
 third Monarch of Great Brittain, etc. London. 
 1660. 4to. 
 
 Reprinted in the Somers' 'Tracts.' 
 
 Whiteladies; or. His Sacred Majesty's most miracu- 
 lous Preservation after the Battle at Worcester, 
 September 3, 1651. Faithfully imparted for the 
 satisfaction of the nation by eye-witnesses. By 
 
BIBLIOGRAPHY xxxiii 
 
 special command. London. Printed for the 
 author^ and are to be sold at the Royall Exchange 
 and at Westminister. 16G0. 12mo, pp. 39. 
 
 The copy of this small tract in the British 
 Museum (Grenville Library) is believed to be 
 unique. It is unfortunately imperfect. 
 
 Copy of a Letter written from a Prisoner at Chester, 
 the ^ September, and since Reviewed and Per- 
 fected by some on this side the sea, who were in 
 the fight. 
 
 Printed in the Oxford Edition of Lord Claren- 
 don's ' State Papers,' 1773 ; and by Hughes in the 
 ' Boscobel Tracts. ' 
 
 Whitgrave (T.) and Huddleston (J.). 
 
 A Summary of Occurrences relating to the miracu- 
 lous Preservation of our late Sovereign Lord King 
 Charles ii. after the defeat of his army at Wor- 
 cester in the year 1651. Faithfully taken from 
 the express Personal Testimony of those two 
 worthy Roman Catholics, Thomas Whitgrave of 
 Moseley in the County of Stafford, Esq., and Mr. 
 John Huddleston, Priest of the Holy Order of 
 St. Bennet, the eminent Instrument under God 
 of the same Preservation. Permissu Superiorum. 
 London. Printed by Henry Hills, Printer to the 
 King's Most Excellent Majesty for his Household 
 and Chappel ; and are sold at his Printing-house 
 on the Ditch Side in Black Friars. 1688. Pp. 34, 
 12mo. 
 
 d 
 
xxxiv BOSCOBEL 
 
 Whitgrave (T. ). 
 
 His account was first printed from the original ms. 
 
 in an article in the Retrospective Review, vol. xiv. 
 It was reprinted by Hughes, 'Boscobel Tracts/ 
 1830 and 1857. 
 
 Mrs. Anne Wyndham, 
 
 Claustrum Regale Reseratum ; or, the King's 
 
 Concealment at Trent. Published by A. W. 
 London : Will Nott. 1C67. 4to, pp. 48. 
 
 This pamphlet was reprinted with the Third 
 Edition of 'Boscobel,,' London, 1680, and with 
 the Editions of 1709, 1725, and 1743. It is in- 
 cluded in Hughes' '^Boscobel Tracts.' 
 
 Letter of Mr. William Elledson (Ellison) to the Earl 
 of Clarendon. From the Oxford Folio Edition of 
 the Clarendon *^ State Papers,' 1763. Reprinted 
 in the ^ Boscobel Tracts.' 
 
 Captain Alford's Narrative. 
 
 The original is in the Bodleian Library. It is 
 
 printed in Cary's 'Memorials of the great Civil 
 War.' London, 1842. 
 
 GouNTER (George). 
 
 The last Act in the Miraculous Story of King 
 
 Charles the Second's escape out of the reach of 
 his tyrannical enemies, now first published from 
 the original ms. London, 1846. 8vo. 
 
 Second Edition. London, 1873. 8vo. 
 
 The original of Colonel Counter's narrative is in the 
 Bodleian Library. It was printed in Cary's 
 ' Memorials.' 
 
BOSCOBEL 
 
 OR THE COMPLEAT HISTORY OF THE 
 MOST MIRACULOUS PRESERVATION OF 
 
 KING CHARLES THE SECOND 
 
 AFTER THE BATTLE OF WORCESTER 
 
 SEPTEMBER THE 3RD, 
 
 1651 
 
TO THE 
 
 KING^S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Among the many addresses which every 
 day offers your sacred majesty, this humbly hopes 
 your particular gracious acceptance, since it has no 
 other ambition than faithfully to represent to your 
 majesty, and, by your royal permission, to all the 
 world, the history of those miraculous providences 
 that preserved you in the battle of Worcester, con- 
 ceal'd you in the wilderness at Boscobel, and led 
 you on your way towards a land where you might 
 safely expect the returning favours of Heaven, 
 which now, after so long a trial, has graciously 
 heard our prayers, and abundantly crown'd your 
 patience. 
 
 And, as in the conduct of a great part of this 
 greatest affair, it pleased God (the more to endear 
 
4 DEDICATION 
 
 his mercies) to make choice of many very little, 
 though fit, instruments : so has my weakness, by 
 this happy precedent, been encourag'd to hope it 
 not unsuitable for me to relate what the wisest 
 king thought proper for them to act ; wherein yet I 
 humbly beg your majesty's pardon, being conscious 
 to myself of my utter incapacity to express, either 
 your unparallel'd valour in the day of contending, 
 or (which is a virtue far less usual for kings) your 
 strong and even mind in the time of your 
 sufferings. 
 
 From which sublime endowments of your most 
 heroick majesty, I derive these comforts to myself, 
 that whoever undertakes to reach at your perfec- 
 tions, must fall short as well as I, though not so 
 much : And while I depend on your royal clemency 
 more than others, I am more obliged to be 
 
 Your majesty's most loyal subject. 
 
 And most humble servant, 
 
 THO. BLOUNT. 
 
TO THE READER 
 
 Behold, I present you with an history of wonders ; 
 wonders so great, that, as no former age can 
 parallel, succeeding times will scarce believe them. 
 
 Expect here to read the highest tyranny and 
 rebellion that was ever acted by subjects, and the 
 greatest hardships and persecutions that ever were 
 suffered by a king ; yet did his patience exceed his 
 sorrows, and his virtue became at last victorious. 
 
 Some particulars, I confess, are so superlatively 
 extraordinary, that I easily should fear they would 
 scarce gain belief, even from my modern reader, had 
 I not this strong argument to secure me, that no 
 ingenuous person will think me so frontless, as 
 knowingly to write an untruth in an history where 
 his sacred majesty (my dread Sovereign, and the 
 best of kings) bears the principal part, and most 
 of the other persons concerned in the same action 
 (except the Earl of Derby, Lord Wilmot, and 
 Colonel Blague) still alive, ready to pour out shame 
 and confusion on so impudent a forgery. 
 
6 TO MY READER 
 
 But I am so far from that foul crime of publishing 
 what 's false, that I can safely say I know not one 
 line unauthentick ; such has been my care to be sure 
 of the truth, that I have diligently collected the 
 particulars from most of their mouths, who were the 
 very actors themselves in this scene of miracles. 
 
 To every individual person (as far as my industry 
 could arrive to know) I have given the due of his 
 merit, be it for valour, fidelity, or whatever other 
 quality that any way had the honour to relate to 
 his majesty's service. 
 
 In this later edition, I have added some par- 
 ticulars which came to my knowledge since the 
 first publication; and have observed that, in this 
 persecution, much of his majesty's actions and suffer- 
 ings have run parallel with those of King David. 
 
 And though the whole complex may want 
 elegance and politeness of style (which the nature 
 of such relations does not properly challenge), yet 
 it cannot want truth, the chief ingredient for such 
 undertakings ; in which assurance I am not afraid 
 to venture myself in your hands. 
 
 Read on, and wonder ! 
 
BOSCOBEL 
 
 oil THE 
 HISTORY OF KING CHARLES THE SECOND's 
 MOST MIRACULOUS PRESERVATION AFTER 
 THE BATTLE OF WORCESTER 
 
 PART I 
 
 It was in June, in the year 1650, that Charles the 
 Second, undoubted heir of Charles the First, of 
 glorious memory. King of Great Britain, France, 
 and Ireland (after his royal father had been bar- 
 barously murdered, and himself banished his own 
 dominions, by his own rebellious subjects), took 
 shipping at Scheveling, in Holland, and having 
 escaped great dangers at sea, arrived soon after at 
 Spey, in the north of Scotland. 
 
 On the first of January following, his majesty 
 was crowned at Scoon, and an army raised in that 
 kingdom to invade this, in hope to recover his 
 
' 8 ' ' . .c poSCOBEL [parti. 
 
 rtgali'ties iiWeJ 'thieh most unjustly detained from 
 him by some members of the Long Pariiament, and 
 Oliver Cromwell their general, who soon after most 
 traitorously assumed the title of Protector of the 
 new-minted commonwealth of England, Scotland, 
 and Ireland. 
 
 Of this royal Scotch army the general officers were 
 these : Lieutenant-General David Lesley, Lieu- 
 tenant-General Middleton (who was since created 
 Earl of Middleton, Lord Clarmont and Fettercaim), 
 Major-General Massey, Major-General Montgomery, 
 Major-General Daliel, and Major-General Vandrose, 
 a Dutchman. 
 
 The first of August, 1651, his majesty, with his 
 army began his march into England; and on the 
 fifth of the same month, at his royal camp at Wood- 
 house, near the border, published his gracious 
 declaration of general pardon and oblivion to all his 
 loving subjects of the kingdom of England and 
 dominion of Wales, that would desist from assisting 
 the usurped authority of the pretended common- 
 wealth of England, and return to the obedience 
 they owed to their lawful king, and to the ancient 
 happy government of the kingdom, except only 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 9 
 
 Oliver Cromwell, Henry Ireton, John Bradshaw, 
 John Cook (pretended solicitor), and all others who 
 did actually sit and vote in the murder of his royal 
 father. 
 
 And lastly did declare, that the service being 
 done, the Scotch army should quietly retire, that so 
 all armies might be disbanded, and a lasting peace 
 settled with religion and righteousness. 
 
 His majesty, after the publication of this gracious 
 offer, marched his army into Lancashire, where he 
 received some considerable supplies from the Earl 
 of Derby (that loyal subject), and at Warrington 
 Bridge met with the first opposition made by the 
 rebels in England, but his presence soon put them 
 to flight. 
 
 In this interim his majesty had sent a copy of his 
 declaration, inclosed in a gracious letter to Thomas 
 Andrews, then Lord Mayor (who had been one of 
 his late majesty's judges), and the aldermen of the 
 city of London, which, by order of the rump-rebels 
 then sitting at Westminster, was (on the 26th of 
 August) publickly burnt at the old Exchange by the 
 hangman, and their own declaration proclaimed 
 there and at Westminster, with beat of drum and 
 
10 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 sound of trumpet ; by which his sacred majesty (to 
 whom they could afford no better title than Charles 
 Stuart), his abetters, agents, and complices, were 
 declared traitors, rebels, and publick enemies. Im- 
 pudence and treason beyond example ! 
 
 After a tedious march of near three hundred 
 miles, his majesty, with his army, on the 22nd of 
 August, possessed himself of Worcester, after some 
 small opposition made by the rebels there, com- 
 manded by Colonel John James. And at his 
 entrance, the mayor of that city carried the sword 
 before his majesty, who had left the Earl of Derby 
 in Lancashire, as well to settle that and the adjacent 
 countries in a posture of defence against Cromwell 
 and his confederates, as to raise some auxiliary forces 
 to recruit his majesty's army, in case the success of 
 a battle should not prove so happy as all good men 
 desired. 
 
 But (such was Heaven s decree) on the 25th of 
 August, the earl's new rais'd forces, being over- 
 powered, were totally defeated, near Wiggan, in 
 that county, by Colonel Lilburn, with a regiment of 
 rebellious sectaries. In which conflict the Lord 
 Widdrin^ton, Sir Thomas Tildesly, Colonel Trollop, 
 
PARTI.] BOSCOBEL 11 
 
 Colonel Bointon, Lieutenant-Colonel Galliard (faith- 
 ful subjects and valiant soldiers), with some others 
 of good note, were slain ; Colonel Edward Roscar- 
 rock wounded ; Sir William Throkmorton (since 
 knight marshal to his majesty), Sir Timothy Fether- 
 stonhaugh (who was beheaded by the rebels at 
 Chester, on the 22nd of October following), Colonel 
 Baines, and others, taken prisoners; and their 
 general, the Earl of Derby (who charged the rebels 
 valiantly, and received several wounds), put to flight 
 with a small number of men : in which condition 
 he made choice of the way towards Worcester, whither 
 he knew his majesty's army was designed to march. 
 After some days, my lord, with Colonel Roscarrock 
 and two servants, got into the confines of Stafford- 
 shire and Shropshire, near Newport, where at one 
 Mr. Watson's house he met with Mr. Richard Snead 
 (an honest gentleman of that county, and of his 
 lordship's acquaintance), to whom he recounted the 
 misfortune of his defeat at Wiggan, and the neces- 
 sity of taking some rest, if Mr. Snead could recom 
 mend his lordship to any private house near hand, 
 where he might safely continue till he could find an 
 opportunity to go to his majesty. 
 
12 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 Mr. Snead brought my lord and his company to 
 Boscobel House, a very obscure habitation, situate 
 in Shropshire, but adjoining upon Staffordshire, and 
 lies between Tong Castle and Brewood, in a kind of 
 wilderness. John Giffard, Esq., who first built this 
 house, invited Sir Basil Brook, with other friends 
 and neighbours, to a housewarming feast ; at which 
 time Sir Basil was desired by Mr. Giffard to give 
 the house a name, he aptly calls it Boscobel (from 
 the Italian Bosco-bello, which in that language 
 signifies fair wood), because seated in the midst of 
 many fair woods. 
 
 At this place the earl arrived on the 29th of 
 August (being Friday), at night ; but the house at 
 that time afforded no inhabitant except William 
 Penderel the housekeeper, and his wife, who, to 
 preserve so eminent a person, freely adventured to 
 receive my lord, and kept him in safety till Sunday 
 night following, when (according to my lord's desire 
 of going to Worcester) he conveyed him to Mr. 
 Humphrey Elliot's house, at Gataker Park (a true- 
 hearted royalist), which was about nine miles on 
 the way from Boscobel thither. Mr. Elliot did 
 not only cheerfully entertain the earl, but lent him 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 1,3 
 
 ten pounds, and conducted him and his company 
 safe to Worcester. 
 
 The next day after his majesty's arrival at Wor- 
 cester, being Saturday the 23rd of August, he was 
 proclaimed King of Great Britain, France, and Ire- 
 land, by Mr. Thomas Lisens, mayor, and Mr. James 
 Bridges, sheriff, of that loyal city, with great ac- 
 clamations. 
 
 On the same day his majesty published this follow- 
 ing manifesto, or declaration : — 
 
 ' Charles, by the grace of God, King of England, 
 Scotland, France, and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, 
 etc. To all whom it may concern, greeting. We 
 desire not the effusion of blood, we covet not the 
 spoil or forfeiture of our people ; our declaration at 
 our entry into this kingdom, the quiet behaviour 
 and abstinence of our army throughout this long 
 march, and our own general pardon declared to all 
 the inhabitants of this city, without taking advan- 
 tage of the opposition here made us, by a force 
 of the enemy over-mastering them, until we have 
 chased them away, have sufficiently certified both 
 what we seek is only that the laws of England 
 (which secure the right both of king and subject) 
 
14 BOSCOBEL [part r. 
 
 may henceforth recover their due power and force, 
 and all past bitterness of these unnatural wars be 
 buried and forgotten. As a means whereunto, we 
 have by our warrants of the date hereof, and do 
 hereby summon, upon their allegiance, all the 
 nobility, gentry, and others of what degree and 
 condition soever, of our county of Worcester, from 
 sixteen to sixty, to appear in their persons, and 
 with any horses, arms, and ammunition they have 
 or can procure,, at Pitchcroft, near the city, on 
 Tuesday next, being the 26th of this instant month, 
 where our self will be present that day (and also 
 the next, in case those of the further parts of the 
 county shou'd not be able to come up sooner), to 
 dispose of such of them as we shall think fit, for 
 our service in the war, in defence of this city and 
 county, and to add unto our marching army, and 
 to apply others (therein versed) to matters of civil 
 advice and government. Upon which appearance, 
 we shall immediately declare to all present, and 
 conforming themselves to our royal authority, our 
 free pardon ; not excluding from this summons, or 
 the pardon held forth, or from trust and employ- 
 ment in our service, as we shall find them cordial 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 15 
 
 and useful therein, any person or persons hereto- 
 fore, or at this time actually employed in opposition 
 to us, whether in the military way, as governours, 
 colonels, captains, common soldiers, or whatsoever 
 else; or in the civil, as sheriffs, under-sheriffs, 
 justices of the peace, collectors, high constables, 
 or any other higher or lower quality ; for securing 
 of all whom before mentioned in their loyal addresses 
 and performances (besides our army [more than once 
 successful since our entrance] which will be between 
 them and the enemy, and the engagement of our 
 own person in their defence), we have directed this 
 city to be forthwith fortified, and shall use such 
 other helps and means as shall occur to us in order 
 to that end. But, on the other side, if any person, 
 of what degree or quality soever, either through 
 disloyalty and disaffection, or out of fear of the 
 cruel usurpers and oppressors, accompanied with a 
 presumption upon our mercy and goodness, or lastly, 
 presmning upon any former service, shall oppose or 
 neglect us at this time, they shall find, that as we 
 have authority to punish in life, liberty, and estate, 
 so we want not now the power to do it, and (if 
 overmuch provoked) shall not want the will neither; 
 
16 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 and in particular, unto those who have heretofore 
 done and suffered for their loyalty, we say it is now 
 in their hands either to double that score, or to 
 strike it off; concluding with this, that although 
 our disposition abound with tenderness to our 
 people, yet we cannot think it such to let them 
 lie under a confest slavery and false peace, when, 
 as we well know, and all the world may see, we 
 have force enough, with the conjunction of those 
 that groan under the present yoak (we will not say 
 to dispute, for that we shall do well enough with 
 those we have brought with us), but clearly (with- 
 out any considerable opposition) to restore, together 
 with our self, the quiet, the liberty, and the laws 
 of the English nation. 
 
 'Given at our City of Worcester, the 28rd of August, 1651, 
 and in the third year of our reign.' 
 
 Upon Sunday the 24th of August, Mr. Crosby 
 (an eminent divine of that city) preach'd before 
 his majesty in the cathedral church, and in his 
 prayer stiled his majesty, '^in all causes, and over 
 all persons, next under God, supreme head and 
 governour ' ; at which the presbyterian Scots took 
 exception, and Mr. Crosby was afterwards ad- 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 17 
 
 monished by some of them to forbear such expres- 
 sions. 
 
 Tuesday the 26th of August was the rendezvous, 
 in Pitchcroftj of such loyal subjects as came into 
 his majesty's aid, in pursuance of his before-men- 
 tioned declaration and summons. Here appeared, — 
 
 Francis Lord Talbot, afterwards Earl of Shrewsbury, 
 
 with about 60 horse. 
 Mr. Mervin Touchet, his lieut. -colonel. 
 Sir John Packiiigton. 
 Sir Walter Blouut. 
 Sir Ralph Clare. 
 Sir Rowland Berkley. 
 Sir John Winford. 
 Mr. Ralph Sheldon of Beoly. 
 
 Mr. John Washburn of Witchinford, with 40 horse. 
 Mr. Thos. Horny old of Blackmore Park, with 40 horse. 
 Mr. William Seldon of Finstall. 
 Mr. Thomas Acton. 
 Captain Benbow. 
 Mr. Robert Blount of Kenswick. 
 Mr. Robert Wigmore of Lucton. 
 Mr. Edward Pennel the elder. 
 Captain Kingston. 
 Mr. Peter Blount. 
 Mr. Edward Blount. 
 Mr. Walter Walsh. 
 Mr. Charles Walsh. 
 
18 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 Mr. William Dansey. 
 Mr. Francis Knotsford. 
 Mr. George Chambers^ etc. 
 
 With divers others, who were honoured and en- 
 couraged by his majesty's presence. Notwithstand- 
 ing which access, the number of his army, both 
 English and Scots, was conceived not to exceed 
 12,000 men— viz. 10,000 Scots, and about 2000 
 English ; and those, too, not excellently armed, nor 
 plentifully stored with ammunition. 
 
 Meanwhile Cromwell (that grand patron of sec- 
 taries) has amass'd together a numerous body of 
 rebels, commanded by himself in chief, and by the 
 Lord Grey of Groby, Fleetwood, and Lambert, under 
 him, consisting of above 30,000 men (being gene- 
 rally the scum and froth of the whole kingdom), 
 one part of which were sectaries, who, through a 
 fanatick zeal, were become devotes to this great idol; 
 the other part seduc'd persons, who either by force 
 or fear were unfortunately made actors or partici- 
 pants in this so horrible and fatal a tragedy. 
 
 Thus, then, began the pickeerings to the grand 
 engagement, Major-General Massey, with a com- 
 manded party, being sent by his majesty to secure 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 19 
 
 the bridge and pass at Upton^ upon Severn, seven 
 miles below Worcester. On Thursday the 28th of 
 August, Lambert with a far greater number of 
 rebels attacked him, and after some dispute gained 
 the pass, the river being then fordable. Yet the 
 major-general behav'd himself very gallantly, re- 
 ceived a shot in the hand from some musketiers 
 the enemy had conveyed into the church, and re- 
 treated in good order to Worcester. 
 
 During this encounter, Cromwell himself (whose 
 head-quarter was the night before at Pershore) ad- 
 vanced to Stoughton, within four miles of the city, 
 on the south side, himself quartered that night at 
 Mr. Simon's house, at W^hite Lady-Aston; and a 
 party of his horse faced the city that evening. 
 
 The next day (August the 29th) Sultan Oliver 
 appeared with a great body of horse and foot on 
 Red Hill, within a mile of W^orcester, where he 
 made a bonnemine, but attempted nothing; and 
 that night part of his army quartered at Judge 
 Barkley's house at Speachley. The same day it was 
 resolved by his majesty, at a council of war, to 
 give the grand rebel a camisado, by beating up 
 his quarters that night with 1500 select horse 
 
20 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 and foot, commanded by Lieut.-General Middleton 
 and Sir William Keyth, all of them wearing their 
 shirts over their armour for dis,tinction ; which ac- 
 cordingly was attempted and might in all proba- 
 bility have been successful, had not the design been 
 most traiterously discovered to the rebels by one 
 Guyse, a tailor in the town, and a notorious sectary, 
 who was hanged the day following, as the just re- 
 ward of his treachery. In this action Major Knox 
 was slain, and some few taken prisoners by the 
 enemy. A considerable party of the rebels, com- 
 manded by Colonel Fleetwood, Colonel Richard 
 Ingoldsby (who since became a real convert, and 
 was created Knight of the Bath at his majesty's 
 coronation). Colonel GofF, and Colonel Gibbons, 
 being got over the Severn, at Upton, marched next 
 day to Powick-town, when they made an halt ,* for 
 Powick-bridge (lying upon the river Team, between 
 Powick-town and Worcester) was guarded by a 
 brigade of his majesty's horse and foot, commanded 
 by Major-General Robert Montgomery and Colonel 
 George Keyth. 
 
 The fatal 3rd of September being come, his ma- 
 jesty this day (holding a council of war upon the 
 
[ PARTI.] BOSCOBEL 21 
 
 f top of the college church steeple, the better to 
 L discover the enemies' posture) observed some firing 
 at Powick, and Cromwell making a bridge of boats 
 over Severn, under Bunshill, about a mile below the 
 city towards Team-mouth; his majesty presently 
 goes down, commands all to their arms, and marches 
 in person to Powick-bridge, to give orders, as well 
 I for maintaining that bridge, as for opposing the 
 making the other of boats, and hastened back 
 to his army in the city. 
 
 Soon after his majesty was gone from Powick- 
 bridge, the enemy assaulted it furiously, which was 
 well defended by Montgomery, till himself was 
 dangerously wounded and his ammunition spent, 
 so that he was forced to make a disorderly retreat 
 into Worcester, leaving Collonel Keyth a prisoner 
 at the bridge. At the same time Cromwell had 
 with much celerity finish' d his bridge of boats and 
 planks over the main river, without any considerable 
 opposition, saving that Colonel Pitscotty, with about 
 three hundred Highlanders, performed as much 
 therein as could be expected from a handful of 
 men fighting against great numbers. By this means 
 Oliver held communication with those of his party at 
 
22 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 Powick-bridge, and when he had marched over a 
 considerable number of his men, said (in his hypo- 
 critical way), ' The Lord of Hosts be with you ' ; 
 and return'd himself to raise a battery of great guns 
 against the fort royal on the south side of the city. 
 
 His majesty being return'd from Powick-bridge, 
 march'd with the Duke of Buckingham, Lord Grandi- 
 son, and some of his cavalry, through the city, and 
 out at Sudbury-gate by the fort royal, where the 
 rebels' great shot came frequently near his sacred 
 person. 
 
 At this time Cromwell was settled in an advan- 
 tageous post at Perrywood, within a mile of the 
 city, swelling with pride, and confident in the num- 
 bers of his men, having besides raised a breastwork, 
 at the cockshoot of that wood, for his greater se- 
 curity; but Duke Hamilton (formerly Lord Lane- 
 rick), with his own troop and some Highlanders, Sir 
 Alexander Forbes, with his regiment of foot, and 
 divers English lords and gentlemen voluntiers, by 
 his majesty's command and encouragement, en- 
 gaged him, and did great execution upon his best 
 men, forced the great sultan (as the Rhodians in 
 like case did the Turk) to retreat with his janizaries; 
 
PARTI.] BOSCOBEL 28 
 
 and his majesty was once as absolute master of his 
 great guns as he ought then to have been of the 
 whole land. 
 
 Here his majesty gave an incomparable example 
 of valour to the rest, by charging in person, which 
 the Highlanders, especially, imitated in a great 
 measure, fighting with the but-end of their muskets 
 when their ammunition was spent; but new sup- 
 plies of rebels being continually poured upon them, 
 and the main body of Scotch horse not coming up 
 in due time from the town to his majesty's relief, 
 his army was forced to retreat in at Sudbury-gate 
 in much disorder. 
 
 In this action Duke Hamilton (who fought 
 valiantly) had his horse killed under him, and was 
 himself mortally wounded, of which he died within 
 few days, and many of his troop (consisting much 
 of gentlemen, and diverse of his own name) were 
 slain ; Sir John Douglas received his death's wound ; 
 and Sir Alex. Forbes (who was the first knight the 
 king made in Scotland, and commanded the fort 
 royal here) was shot through both the calves of his 
 legs, lay in the wood all night, and was brought 
 prisoner to Worcester next day. 
 
24 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 The rebels in this encounter had great advantage, 
 as well in their numbers, as by fighting both with 
 horse and foot against his majesty's foot only, the 
 greatest part of his horse being wedged up in the 
 town. And when the foot were defeated, a part of 
 his majesty's horse fought afterwards against both 
 the enemy's horse and foot upon great disadvantage. 
 And as they had few persons of condition among 
 them to lose, so no rebels, but Quartermaster- 
 general Mosely and one Captain Jones, were worth 
 taking notice of to be slain in this battle. 
 
 At Sudbuiy-gate (I know not whether by acci- 
 dent or on purpose) a cart laden with ammunition 
 was overthrown and lay across the passage, one of 
 the oxen that drew it being there killed ; so that 
 his majesty could not ride into the town, but was 
 forced to dismount and come in on foot. 
 
 The rebels soon after stormed the fort royal (the 
 fortifications whereof were not perfected), and put 
 all the Scots they found therein to the sword. 
 
 In the Friars-street his majesty put off his armour, 
 (which was heavy and troublesome to him), and 
 took a fresh horse; and then perceiving many of 
 his foot soldiers began to throw down their arms 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 25 
 
 and decline fighting, he rode up and down among 
 them, sometimes with his hat in his hand, entreat- 
 ing them to stand to their arms and fight Hke men, 
 other whiles encouraging them, alleging the good- 
 ness and justice of the cause they fought for ; but 
 seeing himself not able to prevail, said, ^ I had rather 
 you would shoot me, than keep me alive to see the 
 sad consequences of this fatal day.' So deep a 
 sense had his prophetic soul of the miseries of his 
 beloved country, even in the midst of his own 
 danger. 
 
 During this hot engagement at Perrywood and 
 Redhill, the rebels on the other side the water 
 possessed themselves of St. John's; and a brigade 
 of his majesty's foot which were there, under the 
 command of Major-General Daliel, without any 
 great resistance, laid down their arms and craved 
 quarter. 
 
 When some of the enemy were entered, and 
 entering the town both at the Key, Castle-hill, and 
 Sudbury-gate, without any conditions, the Earl of 
 Cleveland, Sir James Hamilton, Colonel Thomas 
 Wogan, Colonel William Carlis (then major to the 
 Lord Talbot), Lieut.-Colonel John Slaughter, 
 
20 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 Captain Thos. Hornyold, Captain Thos. Giffard, 
 Captain John Astley, Mr. Peter Blount, and Captain 
 Richard Kemble (captain-lieutenant to the Lord 
 Talbot), and some others, rallied what force they 
 could (though inconsiderable to the rebels' num- 
 bers), and charged the enemy very gallantly both 
 in Sudbury-street and High-street, where Sir James 
 and Captain Kemble were desperately wounded, 
 and others slain; yet this action did much secure 
 his majesty's march out at St. Martin' s-gate, who 
 had otherwise been in danger of being taken in 
 the town. 
 
 About the same time, the Earl of Rothes, Sir 
 William Hamilton, and Colonel Drummond, with a 
 party of Scots, maintained the Castle-hill with 
 much resolution, till such time as conditions were 
 agreed on for quarter. 
 
 Lastly, some of his majesty's English army 
 valiantly opposed the rebels at the Town-hall, 
 where Mr. Coningsby Colles and some others were 
 slain; Mr. John Rumney, Mr. Chas. Wells, and 
 others, taken prisoners; so that the rebels having 
 in the end subdued all their opponents, fell to 
 plundering the city unmercifully, few or none of 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 27 
 
 the citizens escaping but such as were of the fanatick 
 party. 
 
 When his majesty saw no hope of rallying his 
 thus discomfited foot, he marched out of Worcester, 
 at St. Martin' s-gate (the Fore-gate being mured 
 up), about six of the clock in the evening, with his 
 main body of horse, as then commanded by General 
 David Lesley, but were now in some confusion. 
 
 The Lord St. Clare, with diverse of the Scottish 
 nobility and gentry, were taken prisoners in the 
 town ; and the foot soldiers (consisting most of 
 Scots) were almost all either slain or taken, and 
 such of them who in the battle escaped death lived 
 but longer to die, for the most part, more miserably, 
 many of them being afterwards knocked o' the 
 head by country people, some bought and sold like 
 slaves, for a small price, others went begging up 
 and down, till, charity failing them, their necessities 
 brought upon them diseases, and diseases death. 
 
 Before his majesty was come to Barbon's-bridge, 
 about half a mile out of Worcester, he made several 
 stands, faced about, and desired the Duke of 
 Buckingham, Lord Wilmot, and other of his com- 
 manders, that they might rally and try the fortune 
 
28 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 of war once more. But at the bridge a serious 
 consultation was held; and then perceiving many 
 of the troopers to throw off their arms and 
 shift for themselves, they were all of opinion the 
 day was irrecoverably lost, and that their only 
 remaining work was to save the king from those 
 ravenous wolves and regicides. Whereupon his 
 majesty, by advice of his council, resolved to march 
 with all speed for Scotland, following therein the 
 steps of King David, his great predecessor in royal 
 patience^ who, finding himself in circumstances not 
 unlike to these, ' said unto all his servants that were 
 with him at Jerusalem, Arise, and let us flee ; for we 
 shall not else escape from Absalom : make speed to 
 depart, lest he overtake us suddenly, and bring evil 
 upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the 
 sword.' 
 
 Immediately after this result, the duke asked the 
 Lord Talbot (being of that country) if he could 
 direct the way northwards. His lordship answered, 
 that he had one Richard Walker in his troop 
 (formerly a scout-master in those parts, and who 
 since died in Jamaica) that knew the way well, 
 who was accordingly called to be the guide, and 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 29 
 
 perfomied that duty for some miles ; but being 
 come to Kinver-heath, not far from Kederminster, 
 and daylight being gone, Walker was at a puzzle in 
 the way. 
 
 Here his majesty made a stand, and consulted 
 with the duke. Earl of Derby, Lord Wilmot, etc., 
 to what place he might march, at least to take 
 some hour's rest. The Earl of Derby told his 
 majesty, that in his flight from Wiggan to Worcester 
 he had met with a perfect honest man, and a great 
 convenience of concealment at Boscobel House 
 (before mentioned), but withal acquainted the king 
 it was a recusant's house ; and it was suggested, that 
 those people (being accustomed to persecution and 
 searches) were most like to have the readiest means 
 and safest contrivances to preserve him : his majesty 
 therefore inclined to go thither. 
 
 The Lord Talbot being made acquainted there- 
 with, and finding Walker dubious of the way, called 
 for Mr. Charles Giffard (a faithful subject, and of 
 the ancient family of Chillington) to be his majesty's 
 conductor, which office Mr. Giffard willingly under- 
 took, having one Yates a servant with him, very 
 expert in the ways of that country ; and being 
 
30 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 come near Sturbridge, it was under consideration 
 whether his majesty should march through that 
 town or no, and resolved in the affirmative, and 
 that all about his person should speak French, to 
 prevent any discovery of his majesty's presence. 
 
 Meantime General Lesley, with the Scottish 
 horse, had, in the close of the evening, taken the 
 more direct way northward, by Newport, his majesty 
 being left only attended by the Duke of Bucking- 
 ham, Earl of Derby, Earl of Lauderdale, Lord 
 Talbot, Lord Wilmot, Colonel Thomas Blague, 
 Colonel Edward Roscarrock, Mr. Marmaduke Darcy, 
 Mr. Richard Lane, Mr. William Armorer (since 
 knighted), Mr. Hugh May, Mr. Charles Giffard, 
 Mr. Peter Street, and some others, in all about 
 sixty horse. 
 
 At a house about a mile beyond Sturbridge, his 
 majesty drank and ate a crust of bread, the house 
 aflfording no better provision ; and as his majesty 
 rode on, he discoursed with Colonel Roscarrock 
 touching Boscobel House, and the means of secu- 
 rity which the Earl of Derby and he found at that 
 place. 
 
 However, Mr. Giffard humbly proposed to carry 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 31 
 
 his majesty first to White Ladies (another seat of 
 the GifFards), lying but half a mile beyond Boscobel, 
 where he might repose himself for a while, and 
 then take such farther resolution as his majesty 
 and council should think fit. 
 
 This house is distant about twenty-six miles 
 from Worcester, and still retains the ancient name 
 of White Ladies, from its having formerly been a 
 monastery of Cistertian nuns, whose habit was of 
 that colour. 
 
 His majesty and his retinue (being safely con- 
 ducted thither by Mr. Giffard) alighted, now, as 
 they hoped, out of danger of any present surprise 
 by pursuits; George Penderel (who was a servant 
 in the house) opened the doors; and after his 
 majesty and the lords were entered the house, his | 
 majesty's horse was brought into the hall, and by j 
 this time it was about break of day on Thursday! 
 morning. Here every one was in a sad consult! 
 how to escape the fury of bloodthirsty enemies;? 
 but the greatest solicitude was to save the king,! 
 who was both hungry and tired with this long and ! 
 hasty march. [ 
 
 Mr. GifFard presently sent for Richard Penderel, ; 
 
32 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 who lived near hand at Hobbal Grange; and 
 Colonel Roscarrock caused Bartholomew Martin, a 
 boy in the house, to be sent to Boscobel for William 
 Penderel; meantime Mrs. Giffard brought his 
 majesty some sack and biscuit; for * the king, and 
 all the people that were with him, came weary, and 
 refreshed themselves there.' Richard came first, 
 and was immediately sent back to bring a suit of 
 his clothes for the king; and by that time he 
 arrived with them, William came, and both were 
 brought into the parlour to the Earl of Derby, who 
 immediately carried them into an inner parlour 
 (where the king was), and told William Penderel, 
 'This is the king,' pointing to his majesty; 'thou 
 must have a care of him, and preserve him as thou 
 didst me.' And Mr. Giffard did also much conjure 
 Richard to have a special care of his charge; to 
 which commands the two brothers yielded ready 
 obedience. 
 
 Whilst Richard and William were thus sent for, 
 his majesty had been advised to rub his hands on 
 the back of the chimney, and with them his face, 
 for a disguise, and some person had disorderly cut 
 off his hair. His majesty having put off his garter. 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 33 
 
 blue riband, George of diamonds, bufF-coat, and 
 other princely ornaments, committed his watch to 
 
 I the custody of the Lord Wilmot, and his George to 
 Colonel Blague, and distributed the gold he had in 
 his pocket among his servants, and then put on a 
 noggen coarse shirt, which was borrowed of Edward 
 
 i Martin, who lived in the house, and Richard 
 ^^'endereTs green suit and leather doublet, but had 
 not time to be so disguised as he was afterwards, 
 for both William and Richard Penderel did advertise 
 the company to make haste away, in regard there 
 was a troop of rebels commanded by Colonel 
 Ashenhurst, quartered at Cotsal, but three miles 
 distant, some of which troop came to the house 
 within half an hour after the dissolution of the 
 royal troop. 'Thus David and his men departed 
 out of Keilah, and went whithersoever they could go/ 
 Richard Penderel conducted the king out at a 
 back door, unknown to most of the company 
 (except some of the lords, and Colonel Roscarrock, 
 who, with sad hearts, but hearty prayers, took leave 
 of him), and carried him into an adjacent wood 
 belonging to Boscobel, called Spring Coppice, about 
 half a mile from White Ladies (where he abode, as 
 
 c 
 
 y 
 
 
34 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 David did in the wilderness of Ziph, ' in a wood/) 
 whilst William, Humphrey, and George, were 
 scouting abroad to bring what news they could 
 learn to his majesty in the coppice, as occasion 
 required. 
 
 His majesty being thus, as they hoped, in a way 
 of security, the duke. Earl of Derby, Earl of 
 Lauderdale, Lord Talbot, and the rest (having Mr. 
 GifFard for their guide, and being then not above 
 forty horse, of which number his majesty's pad-nag 
 was one, ridden by Mr. Richard Lane, one of the 
 grooms of the bed-chamber), marched from White 
 Ladies northwards by the way of Newport, in hope 
 to overtake or meet General Lesley with the main 
 body of Scotch horse. 
 
 As soon as they were got into the road, the Lord 
 Leviston (who commanded his majesty's life guard) 
 overtook them, pursued by a party of rebels under 
 the command of Colonel Blundel : the lords with 
 their followers faced about, fought, and repelled 
 them ; but when they came a little beyond Newport, 
 some of Colonel Lilburn's men met them in the 
 front, other rebels, from Worcester, pursued in the 
 rear ; themselves and horses being sufficiently tired. 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 36 
 
 the Earl of Derby, Earl of Lauderdale, Mr. Charles 
 GifFard, and some others, were taken and carried 
 prisoners, first to Whitchurch, and from thence to 
 an inn in Bunbury, in Cheshire, where Mr. GifFard 
 found means to make an escape ; but the noble 
 Earl of Derby was thence conveyed to Westchester, 
 and there tried by a pretended court-martial, held 
 the 1st of October 1651, by virtue of a commission 
 from Cromwell, grounded on an execrable rump-act, 
 of the 1 2th of August, then last past, the very title 
 whereof cannot be mentioned without horror; but it 
 pretended most traitorously to prohibit correspond- 
 ence with Charles Stuart (their lawful sovereign), 
 under penalty of high treason, loss of life and 
 estate, — Prodigious rebels ! 
 
 In this Black Tribunal there sate, as Judges, these Persons, 
 and under these titles : 
 
 Colonel Humphrey Mackworth, president. 
 Major-General Mitton. 
 Colonel Robert Duckenfield. 
 Colonel Henry Bradshaw. 
 Colonel Thomas Croxton. 
 Colonel George Twisleton. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Henry Birkenhead. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Simon Finch. 
 
36 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Newton. 
 
 Captain James Stepford. 
 
 Captain Samuel Smith. 
 
 Captain John Downes. 
 
 Captain Vincent Corbet. 
 
 Captain John Delves. 
 
 Captain John Griffith. 
 
 Captain Thomas Portington. 
 
 Captain Edward Alcock. 
 
 Captain Ralph Pownall. 
 
 Captain Richard Grantham. 
 
 Captain Edward Stelfax. 
 
 THEIR CRUEL SENTENCE. 
 
 ^ Resolved hy the Court upon the question : That 
 James, Earl of Derby, is guilty of the breach of the 
 Act of the 12th of August l651, last past, entituled, 
 " An Act prohibiting Correspondence with Charles 
 Stuart or his Party," and so of high treason against 
 the commonwealth of England, and is therefore 
 worthy of death. 
 
 * Resolved by the Court : That the said James, 
 Earl of Derby, is a traitor to the commonwealth of 
 England, and an abetter, encourager, and assister of 
 the declared traitors and enemies thereof, and shall 
 be put to death by severing his head from his 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 37 
 
 body, at the market-place in the town of Bolton, 
 in Lancashire, upon Wechiesday the 15th day of 
 this instant October, about the hour of one of the 
 clock the same day/ 
 
 This was the authority, and some of these the 
 persons, that so barbarously, and contrary to the 
 law of nations, condemned this noble earl to death, 
 notwithstanding his just plea, ' That he had quarter 
 for life given him by one Captain Edge, who took 
 him prisoner/ But this could not obtain justice, 
 nor any intercession, mercy; so that on the 15th of 
 the said October he was accordingly beheaded at 
 Bolton in a most barbarous and inhumane manner. 
 
 The Earl of Lauderdale, with several others, were 
 carried prisoners to the Tower, and afterwards to 
 Windsor Castle, where they continued divers years. 
 
 Whilst the rebels were plundering those noble v 
 
 persons, the duke, with the Lord Leviston, Colonel -((^>*A>eixc^ 
 Blague, Mr. Marmaduke Darcy, and Mr. Hugh 
 May, forsook the road first, and soon after their 
 horses, and betook themselves to a by-way, and got 
 into Bloore Park, near Cheswardine, about five miles 
 from Newport, where they received some refresh- 
 
38 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 ment at a little obscure house of Mr. George 
 Barlow's, and afterwards met with two honest 
 labourers, in an adjoining wood, to whom they 
 communicated the exigent and distress which the 
 fortune of war had reduced them to; and finding 
 them like to prove faithful, the duke thought fit 
 to imitate his royal master, delivered his George 
 (which was given him by the Queen of England) 
 to Mr. May (who preserved it through all diffi- 
 culties, and afterwards restored it to his grace in 
 Holland), and changed habit with one of the 
 workmen ; and in this disguise, by the assistance 
 of Mr. Barlow and his wife, was, after some days, 
 conveyed by one Nicholas Matthews, a carpenter, 
 to the house of Mr. Hawley, an hearty cavalier, at 
 Bilstrop, in Nottinghamshire, from thence to the 
 Lady Villiars* house at Booksby, in Leicestershire ; 
 and after many hardships and encounters, his grace 
 got secure to London, and from thence to his 
 majesty in France. 
 
 At the same time the Lord Leviston, Colonel 
 Blague, Mr. Darcy, and Mr. May, all quitted their 
 horses, disguised themselves, and severally shifted 
 for themselves, and some of them, through various 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 39 
 
 dangers and sufferings, contrived their escapes ; in 
 particular, Mr. May was forced to lie twenty-one 
 days in a hay-mow belonging to one John Bold an 
 honest husbandman, who lived at Soudley : Bold 
 having all that time rebel soldiers quartered in his 
 house, yet failed not to give a constant relief to 
 his more welcome guest ; and when the coast was 
 clear of soldiers, Mr. May came to London on foot 
 in his disguise. 
 
 The Lord Talbot (seeing no hope of rallying) 
 hasted towards his father's house at Longford, near 
 Newport; where being arrived, he conveyed his 
 horse into a neighbouring barn, but was immediately 
 pursued by the rebels, who found the horse saddled, 
 and by that concluded my lord not to be far off, so 
 that they searched Longford House narrowly, and 
 some of them continued in it four or five days, 
 during all which time my lord was in a close place 
 in one of the out-houses, almost stifled for want of 
 air, and had perished for want of food, had he not 
 been once relieved in the dead of the night, and 
 with much difficulty, by a trusty servant; yet his 
 lordship thought it a great providence, even by 
 these hardships, to escape the fury of such enemies. 
 
40 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 who sought the destruction of the nobility, as well 
 as of their king. 
 
 In this interim the valiant Earl of Cleveland 
 (who, being above sixty years of age, had marched 
 twenty-one days together upon a trotting-horse) 
 had also made his escape from Worcester, when all 
 the fighting work was over, and was got to Wood- 
 cot, in Shropshire, whither he was pursued, and 
 taken at or near Mistress Broughton's house, from 
 whence he was carried prisoner to Stafford, and 
 from thence to the Tower of London. 
 
 Colonel Blague, remaining at Mr. Barlow's house ' 
 at Bloor-pipe, about eight miles from Stafford, his 
 first action was, with Mistress Barlow's privity and 
 advice, to hide his majesty's George under a heap 
 of chips and dust ; yet the colonel could not conceal 
 himself so well, but that he was here, soon after, 
 taken and carried prisoner to Stafford, and from 
 thence conveyed to the Tower of London. Mean- 
 time the George was transmitted to Mr. Robert 
 Milward, of Stafford, for better security, who after- 
 wards faithfully conveyed it to Colonel Blague in 
 the Tower, by the trusty hands of Mr. Isaac Walton; 
 and the Colonel not long after happily escaping • 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 41 
 
 thence, restored it to his majesty's own hands, 
 which had been thus wonderfully preserved from 
 being made a prize to sordid rebels. 
 
 The Scotch cavalry (having no place to retreat 
 unto nearer than Scotland) were soon after dis- 
 persed, and most of them taken by the rebels and 
 country people in Cheshire, Lancashire, and parts 
 adjacent. 
 
 Thus was this royal army totally subdued, thus 
 dispersed ; and if in this so important an affair, any 
 of the Scottish commanders were treacherous at 
 Worcester (as some suspected), he has a great 
 account to make for the many years* miseries 
 that ensued thereby to both nations, under the 
 tyrannical, usurped government of Cromwell. 
 
 But to return to the duty of my attendance on 
 his sacred majesty in Spring Coppice. By that 
 time Richard Penderel had conveyed him into the 
 obscurest part of it, it was about sun-rising on 
 Thursday morning, and the heavens wept bitterly at 
 these calamities, insomuch as the thickest tree in 
 the wood was not able to keep his majesty dry, nor 
 was there anything for him to sit on; wherefore 
 Richard went to Francis Yates' house (a trusty 
 
42 BOSCOBEL [parti. 
 
 neighbour, who married his wife's sister), where he 
 borrowed a blanket, which he folded and laid on 
 the ground under a tree for his majesty to sit on. 
 
 At the same time Richard spoke to the good- 
 wife Yates to provide some victuals, and bring it 
 into the wood at a place he appointed her. She 
 presently made ready a mess of milk, and some 
 butter and eggs, and brought them to his majesty 
 in the wood, who, being a little surprised to see the 
 woman (no good concealer of a secret), said cheer- 
 fully to her, ' Good woman, can you be faithful to 
 a distressed cavalier?' She answered, 'Yes, sir, I 
 will rather die than discover you/ With which 
 answer his majesty was well satisfied, and received 
 from her hands, as David did from Abigail's, 'that 
 which she brought him.' 
 
 The Lord Wilmot in the interim took John 
 Penderel for his guide, but knew not determinately 
 whither to go, purposing at first to have marched 
 northwards ; but as they passed by Brewood forge, 
 the forgemen made after them, till being told by 
 one Rich. Button that it was Colonel Crompton 
 whom they pursued, the Vulcans happily, upon 
 that mistake, quitted the chase. 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 43 
 
 Soon after they narrowly escaped a party of 
 rebels as they passed by Covenbrook ; so that 
 seeing danger on every side, and John meeting with 
 William Walker (a trusty neighbour), committed my 
 lord to his care and counsel, who for the present 
 conveyed them into a dry marl pit, where they 
 stayed a while, and afterwards to one Mr. Hunt- 
 bache's house at Brinsford, and put their horses into 
 John Evan's bam, whilst John Penderel goes to 
 Wolverhampton to see what convenience he could 
 find for my lord's coming thither, but met with 
 none, the town being full of soldiers. 
 
 Yet John leaves no means unessayed, hastens to 
 Northcot (an adjacent village), and there, whilst he 
 was talking with good-wife Underbill (a neighbour), 
 in the instant Mr. John Huddleston (a sojourner 
 at Mr. Thomas Whitgreave's of Moseley, and of 
 John's acquaintance) was accidentally passing by, to 
 whom John (well assured of his integrity) presently 
 addresses himself and his business, relates to him 
 the sad news of the defeat of his majesty's army at 
 Worcester, and discovers in what strait and con- 
 fusion he had left his majesty and his followers at 
 White Ladies, and in particular, that he had 
 
44 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 brought thence a person of quality (for John then 
 knew not who my lord was) to Huntbache's house, 
 who, without present relief, would be in great 
 danger of being taken. 
 
 Mr. Huddleston goes home forthwith, takes John 
 with him, and acquaints Mr. Whitgreave with the 
 business, who freely resolved to venture all, rather 
 than such a person should miscarry. 
 
 Hereupon Mr. Whitgreave repairs to Hunt- 
 bache's house, speaks with my lord, and gives 
 direction how he should be privately conveyed into 
 his house at Moseley, about ten of the clock at night ; 
 and though it so fell out that the directions were 
 not punctually observed, yet my lord and his man 
 were at last brought into the house, where Mr. 
 Whitgreave (after some refreshment given them) 
 conveys them into a secret place, which my lord 
 admiring for its excellent contrivance, and solicitous 
 for his majesty's safety, said, ' I would give a world 
 my friend,' meaning the king, ^ were here ' ; and 
 then (being abundantly satisfied of Mr. Whitgreave's 
 fidelity) deposited in his hands a little bag of jewels, 
 which my lord received again at his departure. 
 
 As soon as it was day, Mr. Whitgreave sent 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 45 
 
 William Walker with my lord's horses to his 
 neighbour, Colonel John Lane of Bentley, near 
 Walsall, south-east from Moseley about four miles 
 (whom Mr. Whitgreave knew to be a right honest 
 gentleman, and ready to contribute any assistance 
 to so charitable a work), and wished Walker to 
 acquaint the colonel that they belonged to some 
 eminent person about the king, whom he could 
 better secure than the horses. The colonel willingly 
 receives them, and sends word to Mr. Whitgreave 
 to meet him that night in a close not far from 
 Moseley, in order to the tender of farther service 
 to the owner of the horses, whose name neither the 
 colonel nor Mr. Whitgreave yet knew. 
 
 On Thursday night when it grew dark, his 
 majesty resolved to go from those parts into Wales, 
 and to take Richard Penderel with him for his 
 guide; but, before they began their journey, his 
 majesty went into Richard's house at Hobbal 
 Grange, where the old good-wife Penderel had not 
 only the honour to see his majesty, but to see him 
 attended by her son Richard. Here his majesty 
 had time and means better to complete his disguise. 
 His name was agreed to be Will, Jones, and his 
 
46 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 arms a wood-bill. In this posture, about nine 
 o'clock at night (after some refreshment taken in 
 the house), his majesty, with his trusty servant 
 Richard, began their journey on foot, resolving to 
 go that night to Madeley, in Shropshire, about five 
 miles from White Ladies, and within a mile of the 
 river Severn, over which their way lay for Wales. 
 In this village lived one Mr. Francis Woolf, an 
 honest gentleman of Richard's acquaintance. 
 
 His majesty had not been long gone, but the 
 Lord Wilmot sent John Penderel from Mr. 
 Whitgreave's to White Ladies and Boscobel, to 
 know in what security the king was. John re- 
 turned and acquainted my lord that his majesty 
 was marched from thence. Hereupon my lord 
 began to consider which way himself should re- 
 move with safety. 
 
 Colonel Lane, having secured my lord's horses, 
 and being come to Moseley, according to appoint- 
 ment, on Friday night, was brought up to my lord 
 by Mr. Whitgreave, and (after mutual salutation) 
 acquainted him that his sister, Mrs. Jane Lane, had 
 by accident procured a pass from some commander 
 of the rebels, for herself and a man to go a little 
 
PARTI.] BOSCOBEL 47 
 
 beyond Bristol, to see Mrs. Norton, her special 
 friend, then near her time of lying in, and freely 
 offered, if his lordship thought fit, he might make 
 use of it; which my lord seemed inclinable to 
 accept, and on Saturday night was conducted by 
 Colonel Lane's man (himself not being well) to 
 the Colonel's house at Bentley ; his lordship then, 
 and not before, discovering his name to Mr. 
 Whitgreave, and giving him many thanks for so 
 great a kindness in so imminent a danger. 
 
 Before his majesty came to Madeley, he met 
 with an ill-favoured encounter at Evelin Mill, being 
 about two miles from thence. The miller (it seems) 
 was an honest man, but his majesty and Richard 
 knew it not, and had then in his house some con- 
 siderable persons of his majesty's army, who took 
 shelter there in their flight from Worcester, and 
 had not been long in the mill, so that the miller 
 was upon his watch ; and Richard unhappily per- 
 mitting a gate to clap, through which they passed, 
 gave occasion to the miller to come out of the mill 
 and boldly ask, ' Who is there ? * Richard, thinking 
 the miller had pursued them, quitted the usual way 
 in some haste, and led his majesty over a little 
 
48 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 brook, which they were forced to wade through, 
 and which contributed much towards the galling 
 his majesty's feet, who (as he afterwards pleasantly 
 observed) was here in some danger of losing his 
 guide, but that the rustling of Richard's calves- 
 skin breeches was the best direction his majesty 
 had to follow him in that dark night. 
 
 They arrived at Madeley about midnight ; Richard 
 goes to Mr. Woolf s house, where they were all in 
 bed, knocks them up, and acquaints Mr. Woolf's 
 daughter (who came to the door) that the king was 
 there, who presently received him into the house, 
 where his majesty refreshed himself for some time ; 
 but understanding the rebels kept several guards 
 upon Severn, and it being feared that some of their 
 party (of which many frequently passed through the 
 town) might quarter at the house (as had often 
 happened), it was apprehended unsafe for his 
 majesty to lodge in the house (which afforded no 
 secret place for concealment), but rather to retire 
 into a barn near adjoining, as less liable to the 
 danger of a surprise; whither his majesty went 
 accordingly, and continued in a hay-mow there all 
 the day following his servant Richard attending him. 
 
PARTI.] BOSCOBEL 49 
 
 During his majesty's stay in the bam, Mr Woolf 
 had often conference with him about his intended 
 journey, and in order thereto took care, by a trusty 
 servant (sent abroad for that purpose), to inform 
 himself more particularly of those guards upon 
 Severn, and had certain word brought him, that not 
 only the bridges were secured, but all the passage- 
 boats seized on, insomuch that he conceived it very 
 hazardous for his majesty to prosecute his design 
 for Wales, but rather go to Boscobel House, being the 
 most retired place for concealment in all the country, 
 and to stay there till an opportunity of a farther 
 safe conveyance could be found out ; which advice 
 his majesty inclined to approve, and thereupon re- 
 solved for Boscobel the night following. In the 
 meantime, his hands not appearing sufficiently dis- 
 coloured, suitable to his other disguise, Mrs Woolf 
 provided walnut-tree leaves as the readiest expedient 
 for that purpose. 
 
 The day being over, his majesty adventured to 
 come again into the house, where having for some 
 time refreshed himself, and being furnished with 
 conveniences for his journey (which was conceived 
 to be safer on foot than by horse), he with his 
 
 n 
 
50 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 faithful guide Richard, about eleven o'clock at night, 
 set forth toward Boscobel. 
 
 About three of the clock on Saturday morning, 
 being come near the house, Richard left his majesty 
 in the wood, whilst he went in to see if any soldiers 
 were there, or other danger ; where he found Colonel 
 William Carlis (who had seen, not the last man 
 born, but the last man killed, at Worcester, and) 
 who, having with much difficulty made his escape 
 from thence, was got into his own neighbourhood, 
 and for some time concealing himself in Boscobel 
 Wood, was come that morning to the house to get 
 some relief of William Penderel, his old acquaintance. 
 
 Richard having acquainted the colonel that the 
 king was in the wood, the colonel, with William and 
 Richard, went presently thither to give their attend- 
 ance, where they found his majesty sitting on the 
 root of a tree, who was glad to see the colonel, and 
 came with them into the house, where he eat bread 
 and cheese heartily, and (as an extraordinary) Wil- 
 liam Penderel's wife made his majesty a posset of 
 thin milk and small beer, and got ready some warm 
 water to wash his feet, not only extreme dirty, but 
 much galled with travel. 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 51 
 
 The colonel pulled off his majesty's shoes, which 
 were full of gravel, and stockings, which were very 
 wet ; and there being no other shoes in the house 
 that would fit him, the good-wife put some hot embers 
 in those to dry them, whilst his majesty's feet were 
 washing and his stockings shifted. 
 
 Being thus a little refreshed, the colonel persuaded 
 his majesty to go back into the wood (supposing it 
 safer than the house), where the colonel made choice 
 of a thick-leaved oak, into which William and Rich- 
 ard helped them both up, and brought them such 
 provision as they could get, with a cushion for his 
 majesty to sit on ; the colonel humbly desired his 
 majesty (who had taken little or no rest the two 
 preceding nights) to seat himself as easily as he 
 could in the tree, and rest his head on the colonel's 
 lap, who was watchful that his majesty might not 
 fall. In this oak they continued most part of the 
 day; and in that posture his majesty slumbered 
 away some part of the time, and bore all these hard- 
 ships and afflictions with incomparable patience. 
 
 In the evening they returned to the house, where 
 William Penderel acquainted his majesty with the 
 secret place wherein the Earl of Derby had been 
 
52 BOSCOBEL [part l 
 
 secured, which his majesty liked so well, that he re- 
 solved, whilst he stayed there, to trust only to that, 
 and go no more into the royal oak, as from hence it 
 must be called, where he could not so much as sit at 
 ease. 
 
 His majesty now finding himself in a hopeful 
 security, permitted William Penderel to shave him, 
 £(hd cut the hair off his head as short at top as the 
 scissors would do it, but leaving some about the ears, 
 according to the country mode ; Colonel Carlis at- 
 tending, told his majesty, 'William was but a mean 
 barber'; to which his majesty answered, 'He had 
 never been shaved by any barber before/ The king 
 bade William burn the hair which he cut off; but 
 William was only disobedient in that, for he kept a 
 good part of it, wherewith he has since pleasured 
 some persons of honour, and is kept as a civil 
 relic. 
 
 Humphrey Penderel was this Saturday designed 
 to go to Shefnal, to pay some taxes to one Captain 
 Broadway ; at whose house he met with a colonel of 
 the rebels, who was newly come from Worcester in 
 pursuit of the king, and who, being informed that 
 his majesty had been at White Ladies, and that 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 63 
 
 Humphrey was a near neighbour to the place, exa- 
 mined him strictly, and laid before him^ as well the 
 penalty for concealing the king, which was death 
 without mercy, as the reward for discovering him, 
 which should be one thousand pounds certain pay. 
 But neither fear of punishment, nor hope of reward, 
 was able to tempt Humphrey into any disloyalty ; 
 he pleaded ignorance, and was dismissed, and on 
 Saturday night related to his majesty and the loyal 
 colonel at Boscobel what had passed betwixt him 
 and the rebel colonel at Shefnal. 
 
 This night the good-wife (whom his majesty was 
 pleased to call 'my dame Joan') provided some 
 chickens for his majesty's supper (a dainty he had 
 not lately been acquainted with), and a little pallet 
 was put into the secret place for his majesty to 
 rest in; some of the brothers being continually 
 upon duty, watching the avenues of the house and 
 the roadway, to prevent the danger of a surprise. 
 
 After supper Colonel Carlis asked his majesty 
 what meat he would please to have provided for 
 the morrow, being Sunday; his majesty desired 
 some mutton, if it might be had. But it was 
 thought dangerous for William to go to any market 
 
54 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 to buy it, since his neighbours all knew he did not 
 use to buy such for his own diet, and so it might 
 beget a suspicion of his having strangers at his 
 house. But the colonel found another expedient 
 to satisfy his majesty's desires. Early on Sunday 
 morning he repairs to Mr. Wm. Staunton's sheep- 
 coat, who rented some of the demeans of Boscobel ; 
 here he chose one of the best sheep, sticks him 
 with his dagger, then sends William for the mutton, 
 who brings him home on his back. 
 
 On Sunday morning (September the 7th) his 
 majesty got up early, his dormitory being none of 
 the best, nor his bed the easiest, and, near the 
 secret place where he lay, had the convenience of a 
 gallery to walk in, where he was observed to spend 
 some time in his devotions, and where he had the 
 advantage of a window, which surveyed the road 
 from Tong to Brewood. Soon after his majesty 
 coming down into the parlour, his nose fell a- 
 bleeding, which put his poor faithful servants into 
 a great fright; but his majesty was pleased soon 
 to remove it by telling them it often did so. 
 
 As soon as the mutton was cold, William cut it 
 up and brought a leg of it into the parlour; his 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 65 
 
 majesty called for a knife and a trencher, and cut 
 some of it into collops, and pricked them with 
 the knife point, then called for a frying-pan and 
 butter, and fried the collops himself, of which he 
 eat heartily; Colonel Carlis the while being but 
 under cook, and that honour enough too, made 
 the fire and turned the collops in the pan. 
 
 When the colonel afterwards attended his ma- 
 jesty in France, his majesty calling to remembrance 
 this passage among others, was pleased merrily 
 to propose it, as a problematical question, whether 
 himself or the colonel were the master-cook at 
 Boscobel, and the supremacy was of right adjudged 
 to his majesty. 
 
 All this while the other brothers of the Penderels 
 were, in their several stations, either scouting abroad 
 to learn intelligence, or upon some other service; 
 but it so pleased God, that, though the soldiers had 
 some intelligence of his majesty's having been at 
 White Ladies, and none that he was gone thence, 
 yet this house (which proved a happy sanctuary for 
 his majesty in his sad exigent) had not at all been 
 searched during his Majesty's abode there, though 
 that had several times; this, perhaps, the rather 
 
66 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 escaping, because the iveighbours could truly inform 
 none but poor servants lived here. 
 
 His majesty spent some part of this Lord's day 
 in reading, in a pretty arbour in Boscobel garden, 
 which grew upon a mount, and wherein there was 
 a stone table, and seats about it, and commended 
 the place for its retiredness. 
 
 And having understood by John Penderel that 
 the Lord Wilmot was at Mr. Whitgreave's house 
 (for John knew not of his remove to Bentley) his 
 majesty was desirous to let my lord hear of him, 
 and that he intended to come to Moseley at night. 
 
 To this end John was sent on Sunday morning 
 to Moseley, but finding my lord removed thence, 
 was much troubled ; and then acquainting Mr. 
 Whitgreave and Mr. Huddleston that his majesty 
 was returned to Boscobel, and the disaccommoda- 
 tion he had there, whereupon they both resolve to 
 go with John to Bentley, where, having gained him 
 an access to my lord, his lordship designed to at- 
 tend the king that night at Moseley, and desired 
 Mr. Whitgreave to meet his lordship at a place 
 appointed about twelve of the clock, and Mr. 
 Huddleston to nominate a place where he would 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 67 
 
 attend his majesty about one of the clock the same 
 night. 
 
 Upon this inteUigence, my lord made stay of Mrs. 
 Jane Lane's journey to Bristol, till his majesty's 
 pleasure was known. 
 
 John Penderel returned to Boscobel in the after- 
 noon, with intimation of this designed meeting with 
 my lord at Moseley that night, and the place which 
 was appointed by Mr. Huddleston where his majesty 
 should be expected. But his majesty, having not 
 recovered his late foot journey to Madeley, was not 
 able without a horse to perform this to Moseley, 
 which was about five miles distant from Boscobel, 
 and near the midway from thence to Bentley. 
 
 It was therefore concluded that his majesty 
 should ride upon Humphrey Penderel's mill-horse 
 (for Humphrey was the miller of White Ladies 
 mill). The horse was taken up from grass, and 
 accoutred, not with rich trappings or furniture, 
 befitting so great a king, but with a pitiful old 
 saddle, and a worse bridle. 
 
 When his majesty was ready to take horse. 
 Colonel Carlis humbly took leave of him, being 
 so well known in the country, that his attendance 
 
68 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 upon his majesty would in all probability have 
 proved rather a disservice than otherwise ; how- 
 ever, his hearty prayers were not wanting for his 
 majesty's preservation. 
 
 Thus then his majesty was mounted, and thus 
 he rode towards Moseley, attended by all the honest 
 brothers, William, John, Richard, Humphrey, and 
 George Penderel, and Francis Yates ; each of these 
 took a bill or pike staff on his back, and some 
 of them had pistols in their pockets ; two marched 
 before, and one on each side his majesty's horse, 
 and two came behind aloof off; their design being 
 this, that in case they should have been questioned 
 or encountered but by five or six troopers, or such 
 like small party, they would have showed their 
 valour in defending, as well as they had done their 
 fidelity in otherwise serving his majesty ; and though 
 it was midnight, yet they conducted his majesty 
 through by-ways, for better security. 
 
 After some experience had of the horse, his 
 majesty complained, ^it was the heaviest dull jade 
 he ever rode on ' ; to which Humphrey (the owner 
 of him) answered (beyond the usual capacity of a 
 miller) : ' My liege, can you blame the horse to go 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 59 
 
 heavily, when he has the weight of three kingdoms 
 on his back ? * 
 
 When his majesty came to Penford mill, within 
 two miles of Mr. Whitgreave's house, his guides 
 desired him to alight and go on foot the rest of 
 the way, for more security, the foot way being the 
 more secure, and the nearer; and at last they 
 arrived at the place appointed by Mr. Huddleston 
 (which was a little grove of trees, in a close of 
 Mr. Whitgreave's, called the Pit-Leasow), in order 
 to his majesty's being privately conveyed into Mr. 
 Whitgreave's house ; William, Humphrey, and 
 George, returned with the horse, the other three 
 attended his majesty to the house; but his majesty, 
 being gone a little way, had forgot (it seems) to bid 
 farewell to William and the rest who were going 
 back, so he called to them and said, ' My troubles 
 make me forget myself ; I thank you all ! ' and gave 
 them his hand to kiss. 
 
 The Lord Wilmot, in pursuance of his own ap- 
 pointment, came to the meeting place precisely at 
 his hour, where Mr. Whitgreave received him, and 
 conveyed him to his old chamber ; but hearing no- 
 thing of the king at his prefixed time gave occasion 
 
60 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 to suspect some misfortune might have befallen 
 him, though the night was very dark and rainy, 
 which might possibly be the occasion of so long 
 stay; Mr. Whitgreave therefore leaves my lord in 
 his chamber, and goes to Pit-Leasow, where Mr. 
 Huddleston attended his majesty's coming; and 
 about two hours after the time appointed his majesty 
 came, whom Mr. Whitgreave and Mr. Huddleston 
 conveyed, with much satisfaction, into the house to 
 my lord, who expected him with great solicitude, 
 and presently kneeled down and embraced his 
 majesty's knees, who kissed my lord on the cheek, 
 and asked him earnestly, 'What is become of 
 Buckingham, Cleveland, and others ? ' To which 
 my lord could give little satisfaction, but hoped 
 they were in safety. 
 
 My lord soon after (addressing himself to Whit- 
 greave and Mr. Huddleston) said: 'Though I have 
 concealed my friend's name all this while, now I 
 must tell you, this is my master, your master, and 
 the master of us all,' not knowing that they under- 
 stood it was the king; whereupon his majesty was 
 pleased to give his hand to Mr. Whitgreave and 
 Mr. Huddleston to kiss, and told them he had 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 61 
 
 received such an account from my Lord Wilmot of 
 their fideUty, that he should never forget it : and 
 presently asked Mr. Whitgreave, 'Where is your 
 secret place?' which being showed his majesty, he 
 was well pleased therewith, and returning into my 
 lord's chamber, sat down on the bedside, where 
 his nose fell a-bleeding, and then pulled out of his 
 pocket a handkerchief, suitable to the rest of his 
 apparel, both coarse and dirty. 
 
 His majesty's attire, as was before observed in 
 part, was then a leathern doublet, with pewter 
 buttons, a pair of old green breeches, and a jump 
 coat (as the country calls it) of the same green, 
 a pair of his own stockings, with the tops cut 
 off, because embroidered, and a pair of stirrup 
 stockings, which were lent him at Madeley, and a 
 pair of old shoes, cut and slashed to give ease to 
 his feet, an old gray greasy hat, without a lining, a 
 noggen shirt of the coarsest linen ; his face and his 
 hands made of a reechy complexion, by the help of 
 the walnut-tree leaves. 
 
 Mr. Huddleston, observing the coarseness of his 
 majesty's shirt to disease him much and hinder his 
 rest, asked my lord if the king would be pleased to 
 
62 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 change his shirt, which his majesty condescended 
 unto, and presently put off his coarse shirt and put 
 on a flaxen one of Mr. Huddleston's, who pulled off 
 his majesty's shoes and stockings,, and put him on 
 fresh stockings, and dried his feet, where he found 
 somebody had innocently, but indiscreetly, applied 
 white paper, which, with going on foot from the 
 place where his majesty alighted to the house, was 
 rolled betwixt his stockings and his skin, and served 
 to increase rather than assuage the soreness of his 
 feet. 
 
 Mr. Whitgreave had by this time brought up 
 some biscuit and a bottle of sack; his majesty eat 
 of the one, and drank a good glass of the other; 
 and, being thus refreshed, was pleased to say cheer- 
 fully, ' I am now ready for another march ; and if it 
 shall please God once more to place me at the head 
 of but eight or ten thousand good men, of one 
 mind, and resolved to fight, I shall not doubt to 
 drive these rogues out of my kingdoms.' 
 
 It was now break of the day on Monday morning 
 the 8th of September, and his majesty was desirous 
 to take some rest ; to which purpose a pallet 
 was carried into one of the secret places, where his 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 63 
 
 majesty lay down, but rested not so well as his host 
 desired, for the place was close and inconvenient, 
 and durst not adventure to put him into any bed 
 in an open chamber, for fear of a surprise by the 
 rebels. 
 
 After some rest taken in the whole, his majesty 
 got up, and was pleased to take notice of and salute 
 Mr. Whitgreave's mother, and (having his place of 
 retreat still ready) sat between whiles in a closet 
 over the porch, where he might see those that 
 passed the road by the house. 
 
 Before the Lord Wilmot betook himself to his 
 dormitory, he conferred with Mr. Whitgreave, and 
 advised that himself or Mr. Huddleston would be 
 always vigilant about the house, and give notice if 
 any soldiers came ; ^ and,' says this noble lord, ^ if 
 it should so fall out that the rebels have intelli- 
 gence of your harbouring any of the king's party, 
 and should therefore put you to any torture for con- 
 fession, be sure you discover me first, which may 
 haply in such case satisfy them, and preserve the 
 king.' This was the expression and care of a loyal 
 subject, worthy eternal memory. 
 
 On Monday, his majesty and my lord resolved to 
 
64 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 dispatch John Penderel to Colonel Lane at Bentley, 
 with directions for the colonel to send my lord's 
 horses for him that night about midnight, and to 
 expect him at the usual place. My lord accordingly 
 goes to Bentley again, to make way for his majesty's 
 reception there, pursuant to a resolution taken up 
 by his majesty to go westward, under the protection 
 of Mrs. Jane Lane's pass ; it being most probable 
 that the rebels wholly pursued his majesty north- 
 wards, and would not at all suspect him gone into 
 the west. 
 
 This Monday afternoon, Mr. Whitgreave had 
 notice that some soldiers were in the neighbour- 
 hood, intending to apprehend him, upon informa- 
 tion that he had been at Worcester fight. The 
 king was then laid down upon Mr. Huddleston's 
 bed, but Mr. Whitgreave presently secures his royal 
 guest in the secret place, and my lord also leaves 
 open all the chamber doors, and goes boldly down 
 to the soldiers, assuring them (as his neighbours 
 also testified) that he had not been from home in 
 a fortnight then last past ; with which asseveration 
 the soldiers were satisfied, and came not up stairs 
 at all. X 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 65 
 
 In this interval the rebels had taken a cornet in 
 Cheshire, who came in his majesty's troop to White 
 Ladies, and either by menaces, or some other way, 
 had extorted this confession from him concerning 
 the king (whom these bloodhounds sought with all 
 possible diligence), that he came in company with 
 his majesty to White Ladies, where the rebels had 
 no small hopes to find him ; whereupon they posted 
 thither without ever drawing bit, almost killed their 
 horses, and brought their faint-hearted prisoners 
 with them. 
 
 Being come to White Ladies on Tuesday, they 
 called for Mr. George Giffard, who lived in an apart- 
 ment of the house, presented a pistol to his breast, 
 and bade him confess where the king was, or he 
 should presently die. Mr. Giffard was too loyal 
 and too much a gentleman to be frightened into 
 any infidelity, resolutely denies the knowing any 
 more but that divers cavaliers came thither on 
 Wednesday night, ate up their provision, and de- 
 parted; and that he was as ignorant who they 
 were, as whence they came, or whither they went ; 
 and begged, if he must die, that they would first 
 give him leave to say a few prayers. One of these 
 
66 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 villains answered, 'If you can tell us no news of 
 the king you shall say no prayers/ But his dis- 
 creet answer did somewhat assuage the fuiy of their 
 leader. They used the like threats and violence 
 (mingled, notwithstanding, with high promises of 
 reward) to Mrs. Anne Andrew (to whose custody 
 some of the king's clothes, when he first took upon 
 him the disguise, were committed), who (like a true 
 virago) faithfully sustained the one, and loyally re- 
 fused the other, which put the rebels into such a 
 fury, that they searched every corner of the house, 
 broke down much of the wainscot, and at last beat 
 the intelligencer severely for making them lose 
 their labours. 
 
 During this Tuesday, in my Lord Wilmot's ab- 
 sence, his majesty was for the most part attended 
 by Mr. Huddleston, Mr. Whitgreave being much 
 abroad in the neighbourhood, and Mrs. Whitgreave 
 below stairs, both inquisitive after news, and the 
 motions of the soldiery, in order to the preservation 
 of their royal guest. The old gentlewoman was 
 this day told by a countryman, who came to her 
 house, that he heard the king, upon his retreat, 
 had beaten his enemies at Warrington Bridge, and 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 67 
 
 that there were three kings come in to his assist- 
 ance; which story she related to his majesty for 
 divertisement, who smiling, answered, ' Surely they 
 are the three Kings of Cologne come down from 
 heaven, for I can imagine none else/ 
 
 The same day his majesty out of the closet 
 window espied two soldiers, who passed by the gate 
 in the road, and told Mr. Huddleston he knew one 
 of them to be a Highlander, and of his own regi- 
 ment ; who little thought his king and colonel to 
 be so near. 
 
 And his majesty, for entertainment of the time, 
 was pleased to discourse with Mr. Huddleston the 
 particulars of the battle of Worcester (the same 
 in substance with what is before related) ; and by 
 some words which his majesty let fall, it might 
 easily be collected that his counsels had been too 
 often sooner discovered to the rebels than executed 
 by his loyal subjects. ^ 
 
 Mr. Huddleston had under his charge young Sir 
 John Preston, Mr. Thomas Playn, and Mr. Francis 
 Reynolds, and on this Tuesday in the morning (the 
 better to conceal his majesty's being in the house, 
 and excuse his own more than usual long stay 
 
68 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 above stairs) pretended himself to be indisposed and 
 afraid of the soldiers, and therefore set his scholars 
 at several garret windows, and surveyed the roads, 
 to watch and give notice when they saw any 
 troopers coming. This service the youths performed 
 very diligently all day; and at night when they 
 were at supper. Sir John called upon his companions, 
 and said (more truly than he imagined), ' Come, 
 lads, let us eat lustily, for we have been upon the 
 life-guard to-day/ 
 
 This very day (September the 9th), the rebels at 
 Westminster (in further pursuance of their bloody 
 designs) set forth a proclamation for the discovery 
 and apprehending Charles Stuart (for so their front- 
 less impudence usually styled his sacred majesty), 
 his adherents and abettors, with promise of £1000 
 reward to whomsoever should apprehend him (so 
 vile a price they set upon so inestimable a jewel); 
 and, besides, gave strict command to all officers of 
 port towns, that they should permit no person to 
 pass beyond sea without special license. 'And 
 Saul sought David every day; but God delivered 
 him not into his hand.' 
 
 On Tuesday night, between twelve and one 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 69 
 
 o'clock, the Lord Wilmot sent Colonel Lane to 
 attend his majesty to Bentley ; Mr. Whitgreave meets 
 the colonel at the place appointed, and brings him to 
 the corner of his orchard, where the colonel thought 
 fit to stay whilst Mr. Whitgreave goes in and 
 acquaints the king that he was come ; whereupon 
 his majesty took his leave of Mrs. Whitgreave, 
 saluted her, and gave her many thanks for his enter- 
 tainment, but was pleased to be more particular 
 with Mr. Whitgreave and Mr. Huddleston, not only 
 by giving them thanks, but by telling them he was 
 very sensible of the dangers they might incur by 
 entertaining him, if it should chance to be dis- 
 covered to the rebels; therefore his majesty advised 
 them to be very careful of themselves, and gave 
 them direction to repair to a merchant in London, 
 who should have order to furnish them with moneys 
 and means of conveyance beyond sea, if they 
 thought fit. 
 
 After his majesty had vouchsafed these gracious 
 expressions to Mr. Whitgreave and Mr. Huddleston, 
 they told his majesty all the service they could 
 now do him was to pray heartily to Almighty God 
 for his safety and preservation ; and then kneehng 
 
70 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 down his majesty gave them his hand to kiss, and 
 so went down stairs with them into the orchard, 
 where Mr. Whitgreave both humbly and faithfully 
 delivered his great charge into Colonel Lane's hands, 
 telling the colonel who the person was he there 
 presented to him. 
 
 The night was both dark and cold, and his 
 majesty's clothing thin; therefore Mr. Huddleston 
 humbly offered his majesty a cloak, which he was 
 pleased to accept, and wore to Bentley, from whence 
 Mr. Huddleston afterwards received it. 
 
 As soon as Mr. Whitgreave and Mr. Huddleston 
 heard his majesty was not only got safe to Bentley, 
 but marched securely from thence, they began to 
 reflect upon his advice, and lest any discovery should 
 be made of what had been acted at Moseley, they 
 both absented themselves from home ; the one went 
 to London, the other to a friend's house in Warwick- 
 shire, where they lived privately till such time as 
 they heard his majesty was safely arrived in France, 
 and that no part of the aforesaid transactions at 
 Moseley had been discovered to the rebels, and 
 then returned home. 
 
 This Mr. Whitgreave was descended of the ancient 
 
' PARTI.] BOSCOBEL 71 
 
 family of the Whitgreaves of Burton, in the county 
 of Stafford, and was first a cornet, afterwards lieu- 
 tenant to Captain Thomas Giffard, in the first war 
 for his majesty King Charles the First. 
 
 Mr. John Huddleston was a younger brother of 
 the renowned family of the house of Hutton-John, 
 in the county of Cumberland, and was a gentleman 
 volunteer in his late majesty's service, first under 
 Sir John Preston the elder, till Sir John was rendered 
 unserviceable by the desperate wounds he received 
 in that service, and after under Colonel Ralph 
 Pudsey at Newark. 
 
 His majesty being safely conveyed to Bentley by 
 Colonel Lane, staid there but a short time, took 
 the opportunity of Mrs. Jane's pass, and rode before 
 her to Bristol, the Lord Wilmot attending, by 
 another way, at a distance. In all which journey 
 Mrs. Lane performed the part of a most faithful 
 and prudent servant to his majesty, showing her 
 observance when an opportunity would allow it, and 
 at other times acting her part in the disguise with 
 much discretion. 
 
 But the particulars of his majesty's arrival at 
 Bristol^ and the houses of several loyal subjects. 
 
72 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 both in Somersetshire, Dorsetshire, Wiltshire, Hamp- 
 shire, and so to Brighthemston, in Sussex, where 
 he, on the 15th of October 1651, took shipping, and 
 landed securely in France the next morning ; and 
 the several accidents, hardships, and encounters, in 
 all that journey, must be the admired subject of the 
 Second Part of this history. 
 
 The very next day after his majesty left Boscobel, 
 being Monday the 8th of September, two parties of 
 rebels came thither, the one being part of the county 
 troop, who searched the house with some civility ; 
 the other (Captain Broadway's men) did it with 
 more severity, eat up their little store of provision, 
 plundered the house of what was portable, and one 
 of them presented a pistol to William Penderel, and 
 much frighted my dame Joan ; yet both parties re- 
 turned as ignorant as they came of that intelligence 
 they so greedily sought after. 
 
 This danger being over, honest William began to 
 think of making satisfaction for the fat mutton, and 
 accordingly tendered Mr. Staunton its worth in 
 money ; but Staunton understanding the sheep 
 was killed for the relief of some honest cavaliers, 
 who had been sheltered at Boscobel, refused to 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 73 
 
 take the money, but wished much good it might do 
 them. 
 
 These Penderels were of honest parentage, but 
 mean degree ; six brothers, born at Hobbal Grange, 
 in the parish of Tong, and county of Salop ; William, 
 John, Richard, Humphrey, Thomas, and George. 
 John, Thomas, and George were soldiers in the first 
 war for King Charles i. Thomas was slain at Stow 
 fight ; William, as you have heard, was a servant at 
 Boscobel ; Humphrey, a miller, and Richard rented 
 part of Hobbal Grange. 
 
 His majesty had not been long gone from Boscobel, 
 but Colonel Carlis sent William Penderel to Mr. 
 Humphrey Ironmonger, his old friend at Wolver- 
 hampton, who not only procured him a pass from 
 some of the rebel commanders, in a disguised name, 
 to go to London, but furnished him with money for 
 his journey, by means whereof he got safe thither, 
 and from thence into Holland, where he brought the 
 first happy news of his majesty's safety to his royal 
 sister the Princess of Orange. 
 
 This Colonel William Carlis was born at Bromhall, 
 in Staffordshire, within two miles of Boscobel, of good 
 parentage, was a person of approved valour, and en- 
 
74 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 gaged all along in the first war for King Charles i. of 
 happy memory, and since his death was no less active 
 for his royal son ; for which, and his particular ser- 
 vice and fidelity before mentioned, his majesty was 
 pleased, by letters patents under the great seal of 
 England, to give him, by the name of William Carlos 
 (which in Spanish signifies Charles), this very honour- 
 able coat of arms, in perpetuam rei memoriam, as 'tis 
 expressed in the letters patents. 'He bears upon 
 an oak proper in a field Or a Fess Gules, charged 
 with three Regal Crowns of the Second; by the 
 name of Carlos. And for his Crest a Civic Crown, 
 or oaken garland, with a sword and scepter crossed 
 through it saltier-wise.' 
 
 The oak is now properly called ' The Royal Oak 
 of Boscobel,' nor will it lose that name whilst it con- 
 tinues a tree, nor that tree a memory whilst we have 
 an inn left in England ; since the '^ Royal Oak ' is 
 now become a frequent sign, both in London and all 
 the chief cities of this kingdom. And since his 
 majesty's happy restauration, that these mysteries 
 have been revealed, hundreds of people for many 
 miles round have flocked to see the famous Boscobel, 
 which (as you have heard) had once the honour to 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 75 
 
 be the palace of his sacred majesty, but chiefly to 
 behold the Royal Oak, which had been deprived of 
 all its young boughs by the numerous visitors of it, 
 who keep them in memory of his majesty's happy 
 preservation, insomuch that Mr. Fitzherbert, who was 
 afterwards proprietor, was forced in a due season of 
 the year to crop part of it, for its preservation, and 
 put himself to the charge of fencing it about with a 
 high pale, the better to transmit the happy memory 
 of it to posterity. 
 
 This Boscobel House has yet been a third time 
 fortunate ; for after Sir George Booth's forces were 
 routed in Cheshire, in August 1659, the Lord Brere- 
 ton, who was engaged with him, took sanctuary there 
 for some time, and was preserved. 
 
 When his majesty was thus happily conveyed 
 away by Colonel Lane and his sister, the rebels had 
 an intimation that some of the brothers were instru- 
 mental in his preservation, so that, besides the 
 temptations Humphrey overcame at Shefnal, William 
 Penderel was twice questioned at Shrewsbury on 
 the same account by Captain Fox, and one Lluellin, 
 a sequestrator, and Richard was much threatened by 
 a peevish neighbour at White Ladies ; but neither 
 
76 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 threats nor temptations were able to batter the fort 
 of their loyalty. 
 
 After this unhappy defeat of his majesty's army 
 at Worcester, good God ! in what strange canting 
 language did the fanaticks communicate their exulta- 
 tions to one another, particularly in a letter (hypo- 
 critically pretended to be written from the Church 
 of Christ at Wrexham, and printed in the Diurnal, 
 November 10, 1651) there is this malignant expres- 
 sion : ^ Christ has revealed his own arm, and broke 
 the arm of the mighty once and again,' and now 
 lastly at Worcester; so that we conclude (in Ezekiel's 
 phrase) ' there will be found no roller to bind the late 
 king's arm to hold a sword again,' etc. And that 
 you may know who these false prophets were, the 
 letter was thus subscribed : ' Daniel Lloyd, Mor. 
 Lloyd, John Brown, Edw. Taylor, An. Maddokes, 
 Dav. Maurice ' ; men who measured causes by that 
 success which fell out according to their evil 
 desires, not considering that God intended, in 
 his own good time, ' to establish the king's throne 
 with justice.' 
 
 After the 'king had entered into the kingdom, 
 and returned to his own land,' the five brothers 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 77 
 
 attended him at Whitehall, on Wednesday the 13th 
 of June 1660, when his majesty was pleased to own 
 their faithful service, and graciously dismissed them 
 with a princely reward. 
 
 And soon after Mr. Huddleston and Mr. Whit- 
 greave made their humble addresses to his majesty, 
 from whom they likewise received a gracious acknow- 
 ledgment of their service and fidelity to him at Mose- 
 ley, and this in so high a degree of gratitude, and 
 with such a condescending frame of spirit, not at all 
 puffed up with prosperity, as cannot be paralleled in 
 the best of kings. 
 
 Here let us with all glad and thankful hearts 
 humbly contemplate the admirable providence of 
 Almighty God, who^contrived such wonderful ways, 
 and made use of such mean instruments, for the pre- 
 servation of so great a person. Let us delight to 
 reflect minutely on every particular, and especially 
 on such as most approach to miracle ; let us sum up 
 the number of those who were privy to this first and 
 principal part of his majesty's disguise and conceal- 
 ment : Mr. Giffard, the five Penderels, their mother, 
 and three of their wives. Colonel Carlos, Francis 
 Yates, and his wife, divers of the inhabitants 
 
78 BOSCOBEL [part i. 
 
 of White Ladies (which then held five several 
 families), Mr. Woolf, his wife, son, daughter, and 
 maid, Mr. Whitgreave and his mother, Mr. 
 Huddleston, Colonel Lane and his sister ; and 
 then consider whether it were not indeed a mir- 
 acle, that so many men and (which is far more) 
 so many women should faithfully conceal so im- 
 portant and unusual a secret ; and this notwith- 
 standing the temptations and promises of reward 
 on the one hand, and the danger and menaces 
 of punishment on the other. 
 
 To which I shall add but this one circumstance, 
 that it was performed by persons for the most part 
 of that religion which has long suffered under an im- 
 putation (laid on them by some mistaken zealots) 
 of disloyalty to their sovereign. 
 
 And now, as we have thus thankfully commemo- 
 rated the wonderful preservation of his majesty, 
 what remains but that we should return due thanks 
 and praises for his no less miraculous restoration ; 
 who, after a long series of misfortunes, and variety 
 of afflictions, after he had been hunted to and fro 
 like a 'partridge upon the mountains,' was, in God's 
 due time, appointed to sit, as his vicegerent, upon 
 
PART I.] BOSCOBEL 79 
 
 the throne of his ancestors, and called forth to 
 govern his own people when they least expected 
 him ; for which all the nation, even all the three 
 nations, had just cause to sing 
 
 Te Deum laudamus. 
 
BOSCOBEL 
 
 OR THE HISTORY OF THE 
 MOST MIRACULOUS PRESERVATION OF 
 
 KING CHARLES THE SECOND 
 
 AFTER THE BATTLE OF WORCESTER 
 SEPTEMBER 8RD, 1651 
 
 PART II 
 
PREFACE 
 
 The First Part of this miraculous History I long 
 since published, having the means to be well in- 
 formed in all circumstances relating to it ; the scene 
 (whereon those great actions were performed) being 
 my native country, and many of the actors my 
 particular friends. 
 
 I did not then intend to have proceeded farther, 
 presuming some of those worthy persons of the west 
 (who were the happy instruments in this Second 
 Part) would have given us that so much desired 
 supplement; the rather, since the publication of 
 the wonderful series of this great work, wherein 
 the hand of God so miraculously appeared in pre- 
 servation of 'him whom the Lord hath chosen,' 
 must needs open the eyes and convert the hearts 
 of the most disloyal. 
 
 But finding, in all this time, nothing done, and 
 the world more greedy of it than ever young ladies 
 were to read the conclusion of an amorous strange 
 
84 PREFACE 
 
 romance, after they had left the darling lover 
 plunged into some dire misfortune, I have thus 
 endeavoured to compleat the History. 
 
 Chiefly encouraged hereunto by an express from 
 Lisbon, wherein 'tis certified that (besides the 
 translation of the first part of Boscohel into French) 
 Mr. Peter GifFard of White Ladies has lately made 
 it speak Portugese, and presented it to the infanta, 
 our most excellent queen, who was pleased to 
 accept it with grace, and peruse it with passion, 
 intimating her royal desire to see the particulars 
 how the hand of Providence had led the great 
 monarch of her heart out of the treacherous snares 
 of so many rebels. 
 
 In this I dare not undertake to deliver so many 
 particulars as in the former ; for though the time 
 of his majesty's stay in those western parts was 
 longer, yet the places were more remote, and my 
 Lord Wilmot (the principal agent) dead. But I 
 will again confidently promise to write nothing but 
 truth, as near as a severe scrutiny can inform me. 
 
 And, perhaps, a less exactness in circumstantials 
 will better please some who (as I have heard) object 
 against my former endeavours on this royal subject 
 
PREFACE 86 
 
 as too minutely written, and particulars set down 
 of too mean a concern, for which I have yet the 
 example of that renowned historian, Famian Strada,^ 
 to protect me, who writing of the Emperor Charles 
 the Fifth, mentions what meat he fed on such a 
 day, what clothes he wore another time, and gives 
 this reason, 'that it pleases to know every thing 
 that princes do,' especially when by a chain of 
 providences, whose every link seems small and 
 weak in its single self, so great a 'blessing' will 
 at last be drawn in amongst us. 
 
 That part of this unparalleled relation of a king 
 which here I undertake to deliver, may fitly, I 
 think, be called, 'The Second Stage of the Royal 
 Progress,' wherein as I am sure every good subject 
 will be astonished to read the hardships and diffi- 
 culties his majesty encountered in this long and 
 perilous journey, so will they be even overjoyed to 
 find him at last (by the conduct of Heaven) brought 
 safe to Paris, where my humble endeavours leave 
 him thus comforted by the prophet ; ' Fear not, for 
 the hand of Saul shall not find thee, and thou shalt 
 
 be king over Israel.' 
 
 T. B. 
 
 1 De Bello Belgico. 
 
BOSCOBEL 
 
 OR THE 
 
 HISTORY OF KING CHARLES THE SECOND's 
 
 MOST MIRACULOUS PRESERVATION AFTER 
 
 THE BATTLE OF WORCESTER 
 
 THE SECOND STAGE OF THE ROYAL PROGRESS 
 
 PART II 
 
 He that well considers the admirable events par- 
 ticularised in the First Part of this History of his 
 majesty's miraculous preservation, will be apt to 
 think his evil genius had almost racked its inven- 
 tion to find out hardships and perils beyond human 
 imagination, and that his good angel had been even 
 tired out with contriving suitable means for his 
 deliverance; yet, if you please (after you have 
 sufficiently wondered and blessed God for the pre- 
 servation you read there), proceed and admire the 
 strange stupendous passages you shall find here; 
 which when you have done with just and due 
 
88 BOSCOBEL [part ii. 
 
 attention, I cannot doubt but your thoughts will 
 easily raise themselves into some holy extasy, and 
 growing warm with often repeating their own 
 reflections, break forth at last, and join your 
 exclamations with all the true and hearty adorers 
 of the divine Providence, ' Thou art great, O Lord, 
 and dost wonderful things ; thou art God alone ! ' 
 
 I shall not need, I hope, to bespeak my readers* 
 patience for any long introduction, since all the 
 compliment I intend, is humbly to kiss the pen and 
 paper, which have the honour to be servants of this 
 royal subject, and without farther ceremony begin. 
 
 Colonel John Lane having (as it has been related) 
 safely conveyed his majesty from Moseley to his 
 own house at Bentley, in Staffordshire, on Tuesday 
 night, the 9th of September l651, the Lord Wilmot 
 was there ready to receive him, and after his majesty 
 had eaten and conferred with my lord and the 
 colonel of his intended journey towards Bristol the 
 very next morning, he went to bed, though his 
 rest was not like to be long ; for at the veiy break 
 of the day on Wednesday morning the colonel 
 called up his majesty, and brought him a new 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 89 
 
 suit and cloak, which he had provided for him, of 
 country grey cloth, as near as could be contrived 
 like the holyday suit of a farmer's son, which was 
 thought fittest to carry on the disguise. Here his 
 majesty quitted his leather doublet and green 
 breeches for this new grey suit, and forsook his 
 former name Will. Jones for that of Will. Jackson. 
 
 Thus, then, was the royal journey designed : the 
 king, as a tenant's son (a quality far more con- 
 venient for their intention than that of a direct 
 servant), was ordered to ride before Mrs. Jane 
 Lane as her attendant, Mr. Henry Lassels (who 
 was kinsman, and had been coronet to the colonel 
 in the late wars) to ride single, and Mr. John Petre 
 of Horton in Buckinghamshire, and his wife, the 
 colonel's sister, who were then accidentally at 
 Bentley, being bound homeward, to ride in the 
 same company; Mr. Petre and his wife little 
 suspecting Will. Jackson, their fellow-traveller, to 
 be the monarch of Great Britain. 
 
 His majesty thus refreshed and thus accoutred 
 with all necessaries for a journey in the designed 
 equipage, after he had taken leave of my Lord 
 Wilmot, and agreed on their meeting within a few 
 
90 BOSCOBEL [part ii. 
 
 days after at Mr. George Norton's house at Leigh, 
 near Bristol ; the colonel conveyed him a back way 
 into the stable, where he fitted his stirrups, and 
 gave him some instructions for better acting the 
 part of Will. Jackson, mounted him on a good 
 double gelding, and directed him to come to the 
 gate of the house, which he punctually performed, 
 with his hat under his arm. 
 
 By this time it was twilight, and old Mrs. Lane 
 (who knew nothing of this great secret) would 
 needs see her beloved daughter take horse, which 
 whilst she was intending, the colonel said to the 
 king, ' Will, thou must give my sister thy hand ' ; 
 but his majesty (unacquainted with such little 
 offices) offered his hand the contrary way, which 
 the old gentlewoman taking notice of, laughed, and 
 asked the colonel her son, 'What a goodly horseman 
 her daughter had got to ride before her ? ' 
 
 Mr. Petre and his wife, and Mr. Lassels being 
 also mounted, the whole company took their journey 
 (under the protection of the King of kings) towards 
 Stratford-upon-Avon, in Warwickshire. And soon 
 after they were gone from Bentley, the Lord Wil- 
 mot. Colonel Lane, and Robert Swan my lord's 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 91 
 
 servant, took horse, with a hawk and spaniels with 
 them for a disguise, intending to go that night to 
 Sir Clement Fisher's house at Packington, in War- 
 wickshire, where the colonel knew they should both 
 be as welcome as generosity, and as secure as fidelity 
 could make them. 
 
 When the king and his small retinue arrived near 
 Wotton, within four miles of Stratford, they espied 
 a troop of rebels, baiting (as they conceived) almost 
 a mile before them in the very road, which caused 
 a council to be held among them, wherein Mr. 
 Petre presided, and he would by no means go on, 
 for fear of losing his horse, or some other detriment; 
 so that they wheeled about a more indirect way; 
 and at Stratford (where they were of necessity to 
 pass the river Avon) met the same or another troop 
 in a narrow passage, who very fairly opened to the 
 right and left, and made way for the travellers to 
 march through them. 
 
 That night (according to designment) Mrs. Lane 
 and her company took up their quarters at Mr. 
 Tombs' house, at Longmarston, some three miles 
 west of Stratford, with whom she was well ac- 
 quainted. Here Will. Jackson being in the kitchen. 
 
92 BOSCOBEL [part ii. 
 
 in pursuance of his disguise, and the cook maid 
 busy in providing supper for her master's friends, 
 she desired him to wind up the jack ; Will. Jackson 
 was obedient, and attempted it, but hit not the 
 right way, which made the maid in some passion 
 ask, ' What countryman are you, that you know not 
 how to wind up a jack ? ' Will. Jackson answered 
 very satisfactorily, '^I am a poor tenant's son of 
 Colonel Lane, in Staffordshire; we seldom have 
 roast-meat, but when we have, we don't make use 
 of a jack'; which in some measure assuaged the 
 maid's indignation. 
 
 The same night my lord, with the colonel, arrived 
 safely at Sir Clement Fisher's house at Packington, 
 where they found a welcome suitable to the noble- 
 ness of his mind, and a security answerable to the 
 faithfulness of his heart. 
 
 Next morning my lord thought fit to dispatch 
 the colonel to London, to procure, if possible, a 
 pass for the king, by the name of William Jackson, 
 to go into France, and to bring it himself, or send 
 it (as opportunity should be offered) to Mr. Norton's 
 house, where my lord (as you have heard) was 
 designed to attend his majesty. 
 
PART II.] • BOSCOBEL 93 
 
 On Thursday morning (11th of September), the 
 king, with Mrs. Lane and Mr. Lassels, rose early, 
 and after Mrs. Lane had taken leave both of Mr. 
 Petre and his wife (whose way lay more south) 
 and of Mr. Tombs, the master of the house, they 
 took horse, and without any considerable accident 
 rode by Camden, and an-ived that night at an inn 
 in Cirencester, in Gloucestershire, distant about 
 twenty-four miles from Longmarston. After supper, 
 a good bed was provided for Mr. Lassels, and a 
 truckle bed for Will. Jackson in the same chamber ; 
 but Mr. Lassels, after the chamberlain had left 
 them, laid his majesty in the best bed, and himself 
 in the other, and used the like due observance 
 when any opportunity would allow it. 
 
 The next day, being Friday, the royal traveller, 
 with his attendants, left Cirencester, and by the 
 way of Sudbury rode to and through the city of 
 Bristol (wherein they had once lost their way, till 
 inquiry better informed them), and arrived that 
 evening at Mr. Norton's house, at Leigh, some 
 three miles from Bristol, and about thirty from 
 Cirencester, which was the desired end of this 
 perilous journey. 
 
94 BOSCOBEL . [part ii. 
 
 At this place his majesty still continued under 
 the notion of one of Colonel Lane's tenants' sons, 
 and, by a presettled contrivance with Mrs. Lane, 
 feigned himself sick of an ague, under colour whereof 
 she procured him the better chamber and accommo- 
 dation without any suspicion, and still took occasion 
 from thence, with all possible care and observance, 
 to send the sick person some of the best meat from 
 Mr. Norton's table ; and Mrs. Norton's maid, Mar- 
 garet Rider, who was commanded to be his nurse- 
 keeper, and believed him sick indeed, made William 
 a carduus posset, and was very careful of him ; nor 
 was his majesty at all known or suspected here, 
 either by Mr. Norton or his lady, from whose know- 
 ledge yet he was not concealed out of any the least 
 distrust of their fidelity, for his whole dominions 
 yielded not more faithful subjects, but because such 
 knowledge might haply at unawares have drawn 
 a greater respect and observance from them than 
 that exigent would safely admit of. 
 
 Under the disguise of this ague, his majesty for 
 the most part kept his chamber during his stay at 
 Leigh ; yet, being somewhat wearied with that kind 
 of imprisonment, one day, when his ague might be 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 96 
 
 imagined to be in the intermission, he walked down 
 to a place where the young men played at a game 
 of ball called fives, where his majesty was asked by 
 one of the gamesters if he could play, and would 
 take his part at that game; he pleaded unskilful- 
 ness, and modestly refused. 
 
 But behold an unexpected accident here fell out, 
 which put his majesty and Mrs. Lane into some 
 apprehension of the danger of a discovery. Mr. 
 Norton's butler, whose name was John Pope, had 
 served a courtier some years before the war, and his 
 majesty's royal father in the war, under Colonel 
 Bagot, at Litchfield, and by that means had the 
 physiognomy of the king, then Prince of Wales, 
 so much imprinted in his memory, that, though his 
 majesty was in all points most accurately disguised, 
 yet the butler knew him, and communicated his 
 knowledge to Mrs. Lane, who at first absolutely 
 denied him to be the king, but after, upon confer- 
 ence and advice had with his majesty, it was 
 thought best to acknowledge it to the butler, 
 and, by the bonds of allegiance, conjure him to 
 secrecy, who thereupon kissed the king's hand, 
 and proved perfectly honest. 
 
96 BOSCOBEL [part ii. 
 
 On Saturday night, 13th of September, the Lord 
 Wilraot arrived at a village near Leigh, where he 
 lay, but came every day to visit Wm. Jackson 
 and Mrs. Lane, as persons of his acquaintance ; and 
 so had the opportunity to attend and consult with 
 his majesty unsuspected during their stay at Leigh. 
 
 Soon after, upon serious advice had with my 
 lord, it was resolved by his majesty to go to Trent, 
 the house of Colonel Francis Wyndham, of whose 
 fidelity his majesty had ample assurance, which 
 lies in Somersetshire, but bordering on the very 
 skirts of Dorsetshire, near Sherburn, and therefore 
 was judged to be conveniently seated in the way 
 towards Lime and other port towns, where his 
 majesty might probably take shipping for France. 
 
 In pursuance of this resolve, the Lord Wilmot, 
 as his majesty^s harbinger, rode to Trent on Mon- 
 day, to make way for his more private reception 
 there; and Tuesday morning (September l6) his 
 Majesty's ague being then, as was pretended, in 
 the recess, he repaired to the stable, and there gave 
 order for making ready the horses; and then it 
 was signified from Mrs. Lane (though before so 
 agreed) that William Jackson should ride single and 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 97 
 
 carry the portmanteau ; accordingly they mounted^ 
 being attended part of the way by one of Mr. Nor- 
 ton's men as a guide^ and that day rode through 
 the body of Somersetshire, to Mr. Edward Kirton's 
 house at Castle Cary, near Burton, where his ma- 
 jesty lay that night, and next morning arrived at 
 Colonel Wyndham's said house, which was about 
 twenty-six miles from Leigh. 
 
 His majesty was now at Trent, in as much safety 
 as the master of the house his fidelity and prudence 
 could make him; but the great work was how to 
 procure a vessel for transportation of this great trea- 
 sure. For this end his majesty, the Lord Wilmot, 
 Colonel Wyndham, had several consults ; and in 
 pursuance of their determination, the colonel, with 
 his trusty servant Henry Peters, posted to Lime, 
 which is about twenty miles from Trent, where, after 
 some difficulty, by the assistance of Captain William 
 Elsden, a loyal subject (at whose house the colonel 
 lodged), he hired a bark to transport his majesty 
 for France, which bark was by agreement to attend 
 at Charmouth (a little maritime village near Lime) 
 at a time appointed, and returned with all speed 
 to Trent with the good news. 
 
 9 
 
98 BOSCOBEL [part ii. 
 
 The next day his majesty resolved for Lime, and 
 Mrs. Jane Lane here humbly took her leave of him, 
 returning with Mr. Lassels, by his majesty's per- 
 mission, into Staffordshire, leaving him in faithful 
 hands, and in a hopeful way of escaping the bloody 
 designs of merciless rebels, which as it was all along 
 the scope of her endeavours, so was it now the 
 subject of her prayers; yet it was still thought the 
 best disguise for his majesty to ride before some 
 woman, and accordingly Mrs. Julian Coningsby, 
 Colonel Wyndham's kinswoman, had the honour to 
 ride behind his majesty, who with the Lord Wilmot, 
 the colonel, and Henry Peters, came that evening 
 to a blind inn in Charmouth, near which place the 
 skipper had promised to be in readiness with his 
 bark ; but observe the disappointment. 
 
 In the interim (whilst Colonel Wyndham was 
 gone back to Trent) it seems the rebels' proclama- 
 tion for apprehending Charles Stuart (meaning, in 
 their impudent phrase, our then gracious king), and 
 prohibiting, for a certain time, the transportation 
 of any person without a particular license, had been 
 published in and about Lime ; and the skipper 
 having acquainted his wife that he had agreed to 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 99 
 
 transport two or three persons into France^ whom 
 he believed might be cavaliers, it seems the grey 
 mare was the better horse, for she locked up her 
 husband in his chamber, and would by no means 
 permit him to go the voyage ; so that whilst Henry 
 Peters staid on the beach most part of the night, 
 his majesty and the rest of the company sate up 
 in the inn, expecting news of the seaman with his 
 boat, who never appeared. 
 
 The next morning, his majesty and attendants 
 resolving to return to Trent, rode first to Bruteport, 
 in Dorsetshire, where he stayed at an inn, whilst 
 Henry Peters was sent back to Captain Elsden, to 
 see if there were any hope left of persuading the 
 skipper, or rather of gaining leave of his wife, for 
 him to undertake the voyage; but all endeavours 
 proved ineffectual, and by that time Harry returned, 
 the day was so far spent that his majesty could 
 conveniently reach no farther that night than Broad- 
 Windsor; and (which added much to the danger) 
 Colonel Heane (one of Cromwell's commanders) at 
 this very time was marching rebels from several 
 garrisons to Weymouth and other adjacent ports, 
 in order to their being shipped, for the forcing 
 
100 BOSCOBEL [part n. 
 
 the island of Jersey from his majesty's obedience, 
 as they had done all the rest of his dominions; 
 so that the roads of this country were full of 
 soldiers. 
 
 Broad- Windsor afforded but one inn, and that 
 the George, a mean one too, and (which was 
 worse) the best accommodations in it were, before 
 his majesty's arrival, taken up by rebel soldiers, 
 one of whose doxies was brought to bed in the 
 house, which caused the constable and overseers for 
 the poor of the parish to come thither at an unsea- 
 sonable hour of the night, to take care that the brat 
 might not be left to the charge of the parish ; so 
 that his majesty, through this disturbance, went 
 not to bed at all ; and we may safely conclude he 
 took as little rest here as he did the night before at 
 Charmouth. Thus were ' the tribulations of David's 
 heart enlarged,' and he prayed, ' DeHver me, O 
 Lord, from my distresses/ 
 
 His majesty having still thus miraculously escaped 
 dangers which hourly environed him, returned safe 
 to Trent next morning, where, after some refresh- 
 ment and rest taken, he was pleased to call my 
 Lord Wilmot and Colonel Wyndham (the members 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBELv , ' \ ;..;:' , Ycrf, 
 
 of his little privy council) together, to consider what 
 way was next to be attempted for his transportation. 
 
 After several proposals, it was at last resolved 
 that my lord (attended and conducted by Henry 
 Peters) should the next day be sent to Salisbury to 
 Mr. John Coventry (son to the late Lord Coventry, 
 lord keeper of the great seal of England), who then 
 lived in the close of that city, and was known to be 
 both a prudent person and a perfect lover of his 
 sovereign, as well to advise how to procure a bark 
 for passing his majesty into France, as for providing 
 some moneys for his present necessary occasions. 
 
 My lord, being arrived at Salisbury, dispatched 
 Henry Peters back to Trent, with intimation of the 
 good reception he found there; for Mr. Coventry 
 did not only furnish him with moneys, but was 
 very solicitous for his majesty's safety; to which 
 end he advised with Dr. Humphrey Henchman, a 
 worthy divine, who, since his majesty's happy 
 restauration, was with much merit advanced to the 
 episcopal see of Salisbury. 
 
 The result of these two loyal persons' consulta- 
 tion was, that his majesty should be desired to 
 remove to Hele (which lay about three miles north- 
 
:m, : • ; ; ; // / boscobel [part h. 
 
 east of Salisbury), the dwelling-house of Mrs. Mary 
 Hyde, the relict of Laurence Hyde, Esq., eldest 
 brother to Hon. Sir Robert Hyde, one of the 
 justices of his majesty's Court of Common Pleas, 
 whom they knew to be both as discreet and as 
 loyal as any of her sex. 
 
 With this resolution and advice, Mr. Coventry 
 dispatched his chaplain, Mr. John Selleck, to Trent, 
 with a letter, rolled up into the bigness of a musket 
 bullet, which the faithful messenger had order to 
 swallow down his throat in case of any danger. 
 
 Meantime Mr. Coventry had found out a trusty 
 seaman at Southampton, who undertook to trans- 
 port whom he pleased; but on second thoughts 
 and advice had with my Lord Wilmot, it was not 
 held safe for his majesty to take shipping there, in 
 regard of the so many castles by which the ships 
 pass that are outward-bound, and the often examina- 
 tion of the passengers in them; so that some of 
 the small ports of Sussex were concluded to be the 
 safer places for effecting this great work of his 
 majesty's delivery from the hands of such un- 
 paralleled rebels, who even ravenously thirsted 
 after royal blood. 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 103 
 
 In the interim Mr. Selleck returned with his 
 majesty's resolution to come to Hele, signified by a 
 like paper bullet; and by this time his majesty 
 thought fit to admit of the service and assistance of 
 Colonel Robert Philips (grandson to the famed Sir 
 Edward Philips^ late master of the rolls), who lived 
 in those parts, and was well acquainted with the 
 ways of the country, and known to be as faithful as 
 loyalty could make him. This colonel undertook 
 to be his majesty's conductor to Hele, which was 
 near thirty miles distant from Trent. 
 
 During his majesty's stay at Trent (which was 
 about a fortnight), he was, for his own security, 
 forced to confine himself to the voluntary imprison- 
 ment of his chamber, which was happily accommo- 
 dated (in case the rebels had searched the house) 
 with an old well-contrived secret place, long before 
 made (for a shelter against the inquisition of pur- 
 suivants) by some of the ancient family of the 
 Gerhards, Colonel Wyndham's lady's ancestors, who 
 were recusants, and had formerly been owners of 
 that house. 
 
 His majesty's meat was likewise (to prevent the 
 danger of a discovery) for the most part dressed 
 
104 BOSCOBEL [part ii. 
 
 in his own chamber, the cookery whereof served 
 him for some divertisement of the time ; and it is 
 a great truth if we say, there was no cost spared, 
 nor care wanting in the colonel, for the entertain- 
 ment and preservation of his royal guest. 
 
 On the 3rd of October, his majesty (having given 
 Colonel Wyndham particular thanks for his great 
 care and fidelity towards him) left Trent, and began 
 his journey with Colonel Philips, and personating a 
 tenant's son of his, towards Hele, attended by 
 Henry Peters (afterwards yeoman of the field to 
 his majesty), and riding before Mrs. Coningsby. 
 The travellers passed by Wincanton, and near the 
 midst of that day's journey arrived at Mere, a little 
 market town in Wiltshire, and dined at the George 
 inn ; the hoast, Mr. Christopher Philips, whom the 
 colonel knew to be perfectly honest. 
 
 The hoast sate at the table with his majesty, and 
 administered matters of discourse, told the colonel, 
 for news, that he heard the men of Westminster 
 (meaning the rebels), notwithstanding their victory 
 at Worcester, were in a great maze, not knowing 
 what was become of the king ; but (says he) it is 
 the most received opinion that he is come in a 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 105 
 
 disguise to London, and many houses have been 
 searched for him there : at which his majesty was 
 observed to smile. 
 
 After dinner, mine hoast familiarly asked the 
 king ' if he were a friend to Caesar ? ' to which his 
 majesty answered, 'Yes.' 'Then,' said he, 'here's 
 a health to King Charles,' in a glass of wine, which 
 his majesty and the colonel both pledged; and 
 that evening arrived in safety at Hele. And his 
 majesty, since his happy return, has been pleased to 
 ask, ' What has become of his honest hoast at Mere ? ' 
 
 In the mean time the Lord Wilmot (who took up 
 the borrowed name of Mr. Barlow) rode to such 
 gentlemen of his acquaintance in Hampshire, whom 
 he knew to be faithful subjects, to seek means for 
 (what he so much desired) the transportation of his 
 majesty ; and first repaired to Mr. Lawrence Hyde 
 (a name as faithful as fortunate in his majesty's 
 service), at his house at Hint on d'Aubigny, near 
 Catharington, then to Mr. Thomas Henslow, at 
 Burhant, in the same county, to whom (as persons 
 of known fidelity) my lord communicated his 
 weighty business, and desired their assistance for 
 procuring a bark for his majesty's transportation. 
 
106 BOSCOBEL [part ii. 
 
 Mr. Henslow (in zeal to this service) immediately 
 acquainted the Earl of Southampton (then at his 
 house at Titchfield, and afterwards with much merit 
 dignified with the great office of lord high treasurer 
 of England) with this most important affair, my 
 Lord Wilmot judging it fitter for Mr. Henslow 
 (his neighbour) to do it, than for himself, in those 
 circumstances, to appear at my lord's house, whose 
 eminent fidelity and singular prudence, in the 
 conduct of even the greatest affairs of state, being 
 known both to them and all the world, and his 
 great power and command at Bewly Haven, and 
 the maritime parts of Hampshire, esteemed very 
 favourable for their design, wherein his lordship 
 was extremely active and solicitous. 
 
 Besides this, Mr. Lawrence Hyde recommended 
 my Lord Wilmot to Colonel George Gunter, who 
 lived at Rackton, near Chichester, in Sussex, and 
 was known to be both faithful and active, not 
 unlike to be successful in this service, to whom 
 therefore my lord hasted, and lay at Rackton one 
 night, where he imparted his great solicitation to 
 the colonel and his kinsman, Mr. Thos. Gunter, 
 who was then accidentally there. 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 107 
 
 All these persons had the like instructions from 
 my lord, which made a deep impression on their 
 loyal hearts, and excited them to use their utmost 
 endeavours by several ways and means to procure 
 the Noah's ark, which might at last secure his 
 majesty from the great inundation of rebellion 
 and treason which then did overspread the face 
 of his whole dominions. 
 
 But to return to my humble observance of his 
 majesty at Hele, where Mrs. Hyde was so trans- 
 ported with joy and loyalty towards him, that at 
 supper, though his majesty was set at the lower 
 end of the table, yet the good gentlewoman had 
 much adoe to overcome herself, and not to carve 
 to him first ; however she could not refrain from 
 drinking to him in a glass of wine, and giving him 
 two larks, when others had but one. 
 
 After supper, Mr. Frederick Hyde (brother-in- 
 law to the widow, who was then at Hele, and since 
 created serjeant-at-law) discoursed with his majesty 
 upon various subjects, not suspecting who he was, 
 but wondered to receive such rational discourse 
 from a person whose habit spoke him but of mean 
 degree; and when his majesty was brought to his 
 
108 BOSCOBEL [part ii. 
 
 chamber. Dr. Henchman attended him there, and 
 had a long and private communication with him. 
 
 Next day it was thought fit, to prevent the 
 danger of any discovery, or even suspicion in the 
 house, that in regard his majesty might possibly 
 stay there some days before the conveniency of a 
 transportation could be found out, he should that 
 day publickly take his leave, and ride about two 
 miles from the house, and then be privately brought 
 in again the same evening, when all the servants 
 were at supper ; which was accordingly performed, 
 and after that time his majesty appeared no more 
 at Hele in publick, but had meat brought him 
 privately to his chamber, and was attended by the 
 good widow with much care and observance. 
 
 Now among the many faithful solicitors for this 
 long-expected bark. Colonel Gunter happened to be 
 the lucky man who first procured it at Brighthem- 
 ston, in Sussex, by the assistance of Mr. Francis 
 Mansel, merchant of Chichester, and the concurrent 
 endeavours of Mr. Thos. Gunter ; and on Saturday 
 night, the 11th of October, he brought the happy 
 tidings to my Lord Wilmot and Colonel Philips, 
 who then lay, the one at Mr. Lawrence Hyde's, 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 109 
 
 the other at Mr. Anthony Brown's house, his 
 neighbour and tenant. 
 
 The next morning, being Sunday, Colonel Philips 
 was dispatched to Hele with the much-desired 
 news, and with instructions to attend his majesty 
 on Monday to the Downs, called Old Winchester, 
 near Warnford. 
 
 Early in the morning his majesty was privately 
 conveyed from Hele, and went on foot at least two 
 miles to Clarendon Park Corner, attended by Dr. 
 Henchman, then took horse with Colonel Philips; 
 and at the appointed time and place, the Lord 
 Wilmot, Colonel Gunter, and Mr. Thomas Gunter, 
 met his majesty, with a brace of greyhounds, the 
 better to carry on the disguise. 
 
 That night, though both Mr. Lawrence Hyde 
 and Mr. Henslow had each of them provided a 
 secure lodging for his majesty, by the Lord Wilmot's 
 order, yet it was judged fittest by Colonel Gunter, 
 and accordingly agreed unto by my lord, that his 
 majesty should lodge at Mr. Thomas Symons's 
 house at Hambledon, in Hampshire, who married 
 the colonel's sister, in regard the colonel knew 
 them to be very faithful, but chiefly because it lay 
 
110 BOSCOBEL [part n. 
 
 more directly in the way from Hele to Brighthem- 
 ston ; and accordingly Colonel Gunter attended his 
 majesty to his sister's house that night, who pro- 
 vided a good supper for them, though she had not 
 the least suspicion or intimation of his majesty's 
 presence among them. 
 
 The king and his small retinue arriving in safety 
 at Mrs. Symons's house on Monday night the 13th 
 of October, were heartily welcomed by Mrs. Symons, 
 for her husband was not then at home; but by 
 that time they had sup'd, in comes Mr. Symons, who 
 wondering to see so many strangers in his house, was 
 assured by his brother Gunter that they were all 
 honest gentlemen ; yet, at first interview, he much 
 suspected Mr. Jackson to be a roundhead, observing 
 how little hair William Penderel's scissors had left 
 him ; but at last being fully satisfied they were all 
 cavaliers, he soon laid open his heart, and thought 
 nothing too good for them, was sorry his beer was 
 no stronger, and, to encourage it, fetched down a 
 bottle of strong water, and, mixing it with the beer, 
 drank a cheerful cup to Mr. Jackson, calling him 
 'brother roundhead,' whom his majesty pledged; 
 who was here observed to be cloathed in a short 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 111 
 
 juppa of a sad-coloured cloth, and his breeches of 
 another species, with a black hat, and without 
 cuffs, somewhat like the meaner sort of country 
 gentlemen. 
 
 Mr. Symons, in the time of entertaining his 
 guests, did by chance let fall an oath, for which 
 Mr. Jackson took occasion modestly to reprove him. 
 
 His majesty, thus resting himself Monday night 
 at Hambledon, early on Tuesday morning (October 
 the 14th) prepared for his journey to Brighthemston 
 distant about thirty-five miles from thence. But 
 (having then no further use for Colonel Philips) 
 dismissed him with thanks for his fidelity and 
 service, in this most secret and important affair ; 
 and then, having also bidden farewell to Mr. Symons 
 and his wife, took horse, attended by my Lord Wil- 
 mot and his man. Colonel Gunter, and Mr. Thomas 
 Gunter. 
 
 When they came near the Lord Lumley's house 
 at Stanstead, in Sussex, it was considered that the 
 greatness of the number of horse might possibly 
 raise some suspicion of them : Mr. Thomas Gunter 
 was therefore dismissed with thanks for the service 
 he had done, and his majesty held on his journey 
 
112 BOSCOBEL [part n. 
 
 without any stay; and being come to Bramber, 
 within seven miles of the desired port, met there 
 some of Colonel Herbert Morley's soldiers, who yet 
 did neither examine, nor had they, as far as could 
 be discerned, the least suspicion of the royal pas- 
 sengers, who arrived at last at the George inn in 
 Brighthemston, where Mr. Francis Mansel, who 
 assisted Colonel Gunter in this happy service, had 
 agreed to meet him. 
 
 At supper Mr. Mansel sate at the upper end of the 
 table, and Mr. Jackson (for that name his majesty 
 still retained) at the lower end. The innkeeper s 
 name was Smith, and had formerly been related to 
 the court, so that he suspected Mr. Jackson to be 
 whom he really was; which his majesty under- 
 standing, he discoursed with his hoast after supper, 
 whereby his loyalty was confirmed, and the man 
 proved faithful. 
 
 The next morning, being Wednesday, October 
 the 15th (the same day on which the noble Earl 
 of Derby became a royal martyr at Boulton), his 
 majesty, having given particular thanks to Colonel 
 Gunter for his great care, pains, and fidelity towards 
 him, took shipping with the Lord Wilmot in the 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 113 
 
 bark which lay in readiness for him at that harbour, 
 and whereof Mr. Nicholas Tetersal was owner ; and 
 the next day, with an auspicious gale of wind, 
 landed safely at Fecam, near Havre de Grace, in 
 Normandy; where his majesty might happily say 
 with David, ^ Thou hast delivered me from the violent 
 man ; therefore will I sing praises to thy name, O 
 Lord.' 
 
 This very bark, after his majesty's happy re- 
 stauration, was by Captain Tetersal brought into 
 the river Thames, and lay some months at anchor 
 before Whitehall, to renew the memory of the happy 
 service it had performed. 
 
 His majesty, having nobly rewarded Captain 
 Tetersal in gold for his transportation, lodged this 
 night at an inn in Fecam, and the next day rode to 
 Roan, still attended by the faithful Lord Wilmot, 
 where he continued incognito several days at Mr. 
 Scot's house, since created baronet, till he had sent 
 an express to the queen, his royal mother, who had 
 been long solicitous to hear of his safety, and the 
 court of France, intimating his safe arrival there, 
 and had quitted his disguised habit for one more 
 befitting the dignity of so great a king. 
 
114 BOSCOBEL [part n. 
 
 Upon the first intelligence of this welcome news, 
 his highness the Duke of York sent his coach forth- 
 with to attend his majesty at Roan, and the Lord 
 Gerard, with others his majesty's servants, made all 
 possible haste, with glad hearts, to perform their 
 duty to him ; so that on the 29th of October his 
 majesty set forward towards Paris, lay that night at 
 Fleury, about seven leagues from Roan; the next 
 morning his royal brother, the Duke of York, was 
 ready to receive him at Magnie, and that evening 
 his majesty was met at Monceaux, a village near 
 Paris, by the Queen of England, accompanied with 
 her brother, the Duke of Orleans, and attended by 
 a great number of coaches, and many both English 
 and French lords and gentlemen on horseback, and 
 was thus gladly conducted the same night, though 
 somewhat late, to the Louvre at Paris, to the in- 
 expressible joy of his dear mother the Queen, his 
 royal brother the Duke of York, and of all true 
 hearts. 
 
 Here we must again, with greater reason, humbly 
 contemplate the admirable providence of Almighty 
 God, which certainly never appeared more miracu- 
 lously than in this strange deliverance of his majesty 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 115 
 
 from such an infinity of dangers, that history itself 
 cannot produce a parallel^ nor will posterity willingly 
 believe it. 
 
 From the 3rd of September at Worcester, to the 
 15th of October at Brighthemston, being one and 
 forty days, he passed through more dangers than he 
 travelled miles, of which yet he traversed in that time 
 only near three hundred (not to speak of his dangers 
 at sea, both at his coming into Scotland, and his 
 going out of England, nor of his long march from 
 Scotland to Worcester), sometimes on foot with 
 uneasy shoes ; at other times on horseback, encum- 
 bered with a portmanteau ; and which was worse, at 
 another time on the gall-backed, slow-paced, miller's 
 horse ; sometime acting one disguise in coarse linen 
 and a leather doublet, sometimes another of almost 
 as bad a complection ; one day he is forced to sculk 
 in a barn at Madeley, another day sits with Colonel 
 Carlos in a tree, with his feet extreamly galled, and 
 at night glad to lodge with W^illiam Penderel in a 
 secret place at Boscobel, which never was intended 
 for the dormitory of a king. 
 
 Sometimes he was forced to shift with coarse fare 
 for a bellyful ; another time in a wood, glad to relieve 
 
116 BOSCOBEL [part n. 
 
 the necessities of nature with a mess of milk, served 
 up in an homely dish by good-wife Yates, a poor 
 country woman ; then again, for a variety of tribula- 
 tion, when he thought himself almost out of danger, 
 he directly meets some of those rebels who so 
 greedily sought his blood, yet, by God's great pro- 
 vidence, had not the power to discover him; and 
 (which is more than has yet been mentioned) he 
 sent at another time to some subjects for relief and 
 assistance in his great necessity, who out of a 
 pusillanimous fear of the bloody arch-rebel then 
 reigning durst not own him. 
 
 Besides all this 'twas not the least of his afflic- 
 tions daily to hear the Earl of Derby, and other his 
 loyal subjects, some murdered, some imprisoned, 
 and others sequestered in heaps, by the same 
 bloody usurper, only for performing their duty to 
 their lawful king. In a word, there was no kind of 
 misery (but death itself) of which his majesty, in 
 this horrible persecution, did not in some measure, 
 both in body, mind, and estate bear a very great 
 share ; yet such was his invincible patience in this 
 time of tryal, such his fortitude, that he overcame 
 them all with such pious advantage to himself, that 
 
PART II.] BOSCOBEL 117 
 
 their memory is now sweet, and 'it was good for 
 him that he had been afflicted/ 
 
 Of these his majesty's sufferings and forced ex- 
 termination from his own dominions, England's 
 great chancellor thus excellently descants : 
 
 'We may tell those desperate wretches, who 
 yet harbour in their thoughts wicked designs 
 against the sacred person of the king, in order to 
 the compassing their own imaginations, that God 
 Almighty would not have led him through so many 
 wildernesses of afflictions of all kinds, conducted 
 him through so many perils by sea, and perils by 
 land, snatched him out of the midst of this kingdom 
 when it was not worthy of him, and when the 
 hands of his enemies were even upon him, when 
 they thought themselves so sure of him, that they 
 would bid so cheap and so vile a price for him. 
 He would not in that article have so covered him 
 with a cloud, that he travelled even with some 
 pleasure and great observation through the midst 
 of his enemies : He would not so wonderfully have 
 new modelled that army ; so inspired their hearts, 
 and the hearts of the whole nation, with an honest 
 and impatient longing for the return of their dear 
 
118 BOSCOBEL [part n. 
 
 sovereign, and in the meantime have exercised him 
 (which had little less of providence in it than the 
 other) with those unnatural, or at least unusual, 
 disrespects and reproaches abroad, that he might 
 have a harmless and an innocent appetite to his 
 own country, and return to his own people, with a 
 full value, and the whole unwasted bulk of his 
 affections, without being corrupted or byassed by 
 extraordinary foreign obligations : God Almighty 
 would not have done all this but for a servant 
 whom he will always preserve as the apple of his 
 own eye, and always defend from the most secret 
 machinations of his enemies/ 
 
 Thus the best and happiest of orators. 
 
 Some may haply here expect I should have con- 
 tinued the particulars of this history to the time 
 of his majesty's happy restauration, by giving an 
 account of the reception his majesty found from the 
 several princes beyond the seas, during his exile, 
 and of his evenness of mind and prudent deport- 
 ment towards them upon all occasions : but that 
 was clearly beyond the scope of my intention, 
 which aimed only to write the wonderful history of 
 
PABT II.] BOSCOBEL 119 
 
 a great and good king, violently pursued in his own 
 dominions by the worst of rebels, and miraculously 
 preserved, under God, by the best of subjects. 
 
 In other countries, of which his majesty traversed 
 not a few, he found kindness and a just compassion 
 of his adversity from many, and from some a neglect 
 and disregard; yet, in all the almost nine years 
 abroad, I have not heard of any passage that ap- 
 proached the degree of a miracle like that at home ; 
 therefore I may, with faith to my own intentions, 
 not improperly make a silent transition from his 
 majesty's arrival at Paris, on the 13th day of 
 October 1651, to his return to London on the 29th 
 of May l660; and, with a Te Deum laudamus, sum 
 up all, and say with the prophet : ^ My lord the 
 king has come again in peace to his own house/ 
 ^And all the people shouted, and said, God save 
 the King ! ' 
 
► 
 
 AN ACCOUNT 
 
 OF HIS MAJESTY'S ESCAPE FROM 
 WORCESTER 
 
 DICTATED TO MR. PEPYS BY THE KING 
 HIMSELF 
 
AN ACCOUNT 
 
 OF HIS MAJESTY'S ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 
 
 DICTATED TO MR. PEPYS BY THE KING 
 
 HIMSELF 
 
 To this narrative Mr. Pepys, has subjoined his own remarks and 
 many corrections and illustrations, procured from the King, 
 from Father Hodlestone, and from Colonel Philips. They 
 are inserted in the form of notes. 
 
 Newmarket, Sunday, October 8rd, and 
 Tuesday, October 5th, 1680. 
 
 After that the battle was so absolutely lost as to 
 be beyond hope of recovery, I began to think of the 
 best way of saving myself; and the first thought 
 that came into my head was, that, if I could pos- 
 sibly, I would get to London, as soon, if not sooner, 
 than the news of our defeat could get thither : and 
 it being near dark, I talked with some, especially 
 with my Lord Rochester, who was then Wilmot, 
 about their opinions, which would be the best way 
 for me to escape, it being impossible, as I thought, 
 to get back into Scotland. I found them mightily 
 
124 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 distracted, and their opinions different, of the possi- 
 bihty of getting to Scotland, but not one agreeing 
 with mine, for going to London, saving my Lord 
 Wilmot; and the truth is, I did not impart my 
 design of going to London to any but my Lord 
 Wilmot. But we had such a number of beaten men 
 with us, of the horse, that I strove, as soon as ever 
 it was dark, to get from them ; and though I could 
 not get them to stand by me against the enemy, I 
 could not get rid of them, now I had a mind to it. 
 
 So we, that is, my Lord Duke of Buckingham, 
 Lauderdale, Derby, Wilmot, Tom Blague, Duke 
 Darcey, and several others of my servants, went 
 along northward towards Scotland; and at last 
 we got about sixty that were gentlemen and offi- 
 cers, and slipt away out of the high road that goes 
 to Lancastershire, and kept on the right hand, let- 
 ting all the beaten men go along the great road 
 and ourselves not knowing very well which way to 
 go, for it was then too late for us to get to London 
 on horseback, riding directly for it ; nor could we 
 do it, because there was yet many people of quahty 
 with us that I could not get rid of. 
 
 So we rode through a town short of Woolver- 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 126 
 
 hampton, betwixt that and Worcester, and went 
 through, there lying a troop of the enemies there 
 that night. We rode very quietly through the 
 town, they having nobody to watch, nor they sus- 
 pecting us no more than we did them, which I 
 learned afterwards from a country fellow. 
 
 We went that night about twenty miles, to a 
 place called White Ladys, hard by Tong Castle, 
 by the advice of Mr. GifFard, where we stopt, and 
 got some little refreshment of bread and cheese, 
 such as we could get, it being just beginning to 
 be day. This White Ladys was a private house 
 that Mr. Giffard, who was a Staffordshire man, 
 had told me belonged to honest people that lived 
 thereabouts..^ 
 
 1 S. Pepys desiring to know from Father Hodlestone what he 
 knew touching the brotherhood of the Penderells, as to the names 
 and qualities of each of the brothers? He answered that he was 
 not very perfect in it, but that as far as he could recollect they 
 were thus — viz. : 
 
 ist, William, the eldest, who lived at Boscobel. 
 
 2nd, John, who lived at White Ladys, a kind of woodward there, 
 all the brothers living in the wood, having little farms there, and 
 labouring for their living, in cutting down of wood, and watching 
 the wood from being stolen, having the benefit of some cowgrass 
 to live on. Father Hodlestone farther told me, that here lived 
 one Mr. Walker, an old gentleman, a priest, whither the poor 
 
126 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 And just as we came thither, there came in a 
 
 country fellow, that told us there were three 
 
 thousand of our horse just hard by Tong Castle, 
 
 upon the heath, all in disorder, under David Leslie, 
 
 and some other of the general officers : upon which 
 
 there were some of the people of quality that were 
 
 with me who were very earnest that I should go 
 
 to him, and endeavour to go into Scotland ; which 
 
 I thought was absolutely impossible, knowing very 
 
 well that the country would all rise upon us, and 
 
 that men who had deserted me when they were in 
 
 good order, would never stand to me when they 
 
 have been beaten. 
 
 Catholics in that neighbourhood resorted for devotion, and whom 
 Father Hodlestone used now and then to visit, and say prayers, 
 and do holy offices with. Upon which score it was, that John 
 Penderell happened to know him in the highway, when the said 
 John Penderell was looking out for a hiding-place for my Lord 
 Wilmot. This John was he, as Father Hodlestone says, that took 
 the most pains of all the brothers. 
 
 3rd, Richard, commonly called among them Trusty Richard, 
 who lived the same kind of life with the rest. 
 
 4th, Humphrey, a miller, who has a son at this day [1680] foot- 
 man to the Queen, to be heard of at Somerset House, 
 
 5th, George, another brother, who was in some degree less 
 or more, as he remembers, employed in this service. He 
 thinks there was a sixth brother, bu of that is not certain. — 
 Hodlestone. 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 127 
 
 This made me take the resolution of putting my- 
 self into a disguise, and endeavouring to get a-foot 
 to London, in a country fellow's habit, with a pair 
 of ordinary gray-cloth breeches, a leathern doublet, 
 and a green jerkin, which I took in the house of 
 White Ladys. I also cut my hair veiy short, and 
 flung my clothes into a privy-house, that nobody 
 might see that any body had been stripping them- 
 selves.i I acquainting none with my resolution of 
 
 1 There were six brothers of the Penderells, who all of them 
 knew the secret ; and (as I have since learned from one of them) 
 the man in whose house I changed my clothes came to one of 
 them about two days after, and asking him where I was, told him 
 that they might get ;^iooo if they would tell, because there was 
 that sum laid upon my head. But this Penderell was so honest, 
 that, though he at that time knew where I was, he bade him have a 
 care what he did ; for, that I being gone out of all reach, if they 
 should now discover I had ever been there, they would get nothing 
 but hanging for their pains. I would not change my clothes at 
 any of the Penderell's houses, because I meant to make further use 
 of them, and they might be suspected ; but rather chose to do it in 
 a house where they were not papists, I neither knowing then, nor 
 to this day what the man was at whose house I did it. But the 
 Penderells have since endeavoured to mitigate the business of their 
 being tempted by their neighbour to discover me ; but one of them 
 did certainly declare it to me at that time. — King. 
 
 Concerning one Yates, that married a sister of one of the 
 Penderells, Father Hodlestone says, he has heard that the old 
 coarse/shirt, which the king had on, did belong to him ; and 
 
 
128 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 going to London but my Lord Wilmot, they all 
 desiring me not to acquaint them with what I in- 
 tended to do, because they knew not what they 
 might be forced to confess ; on which consideration 
 they, with one voice, begged of me not to tell them 
 what I intended to do. 
 
 So all the persons of quality, and officers who 
 were with me (except my Lord Wilmot, with whom 
 a place was agreed upon for our meeting at London, 
 if we escaped, and who endeavoured to go on horse- 
 back, in regard, as I think, of his being too big to 
 go on foot), were resolved to go and join with the 
 three thousand disordered horse, thinking to get 
 away with them to Scotland. But, as I did before 
 believe, they were not marched six miles, after they 
 got to them, but they were all routed by a single 
 troop of horse ; which shows that my opinion was 
 not wrong in not sticking to men who had ran 
 away. 
 
 As soon as I was disguised I took with me a 
 
 country fellow, whose name was Richard Penderell, 
 
 consequently that the king did shift himself at his house ; but 
 believes that the rest of the king's clothes were William Penderell's, 
 he being a tall man, and the breeches the king had on being very 
 long at the knees. — Hodl. 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 129 
 
 whom Mr. Giffard had undertaken to answer for to 
 
 be an honest man. He was a Roman Catholic, and | 
 
 I chose to trust them, because I knew they had ( »/ 
 
 hiding-holes for priests, that I thought I might j 
 
 make use of in case of need. ^f 
 
 o J' (I 
 I was no sooner gone (being the next morning -^-y-^*^ y 
 
 after the battle, and then broad day) out of the 
 
 house with this countiy fellow, but being in a great 
 
 wood, I set myself at the edge of the wood, near ii^'^\C*-*-*n 
 
 the highway that was there, the better to see who >^ OVvH. 
 
 came after us, and whither they ^made any search ^ ' 
 
 after the runaways, and I immediately saw a troop 
 
 of horse coming by, which I conceived to be the 
 
 same troop that beat our three thousand horse ; but 
 
 it did not look like a troop of the araiy's, but of the 
 
 militia, for the fellow before it did not look at all 
 
 like a soldier. 
 
 In this wood I staid all day, without meat or 
 drink ; and by great good fortune it rained all the 
 time, which hindered them, as I believe, from com- 
 ing into the wood to search for men that might be 
 fled thither. And one thing is remarkable enough, 
 that those with whom I have since spoken, of them 
 that joined with the horse upon the heath, did say 
 
130 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 that it rained little or nothing with them all the 
 day^ but only in the wood where I was, this contri- 
 buting to my safety. 
 
 As I was in the wood I talked with the fellow 
 about getting towards London; and asking him 
 many questions about what gentlemen he knew, I 
 did not find he knew any man of quality in the 
 way towards London. And the truth is, my mind 
 changed as I lay in the wood, and I resolved of 
 another way of making my escape ; which was, to 
 get over the Severn into Wales, and so to get either 
 to Swansey, or some other of the sea-towns that I 
 knew had commerce with France, to the end I 
 might get over that way, as being a way that I 
 thought none would suspect my taking ; besides 
 that, I remembered several honest gentlemen that 
 were of my acquaintance in Wales. 
 
 So that night, as soon as it was dark, Richard 
 Penderell and I took our journey on foot towards 
 the Severn, intending to pass over a ferry, half-way 
 between Bridgenorth and Shrewsbury. But as we 
 were going in the night, we came by a mill where I 
 heard some people talking (memorandum, that I 
 had got some bread and cheese the night before at 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 181 
 
 one of the Penderell's houses, I not going in), and 
 as we conceived it was about twelve or one o'clock 
 at night ; and the country fellow desired me not to 
 answer if any body should ask me any questions, 
 because I had not the accent of the country. 
 
 Just as we came to the mill, we could see the 
 miller, as I believe, sitting at the mill door, he being 
 in white clothes, it being a very dark night. He 
 called out, ' Who goes there .'* ' Upon which 
 Richard Penderell answered, 'Neighbours going 
 home,' or some such-like words. Whereupon the 
 miller cried out, ' If you be neighbours, stand, or 
 I will knock you down.' Upon which, we believing 
 there was company in the house, the fellow bade 
 me follow him close, and he ran to a gate that went 
 up a dirty lane, up a hill, and opening the gate, the 
 miller cried out, ' Rogues ! rogues ! ' And there- 
 upon some men came out of the mill after us, which 
 I believe were soldiers : so we fell a-running, both 
 of us up the lane, as long as we could run, it being 
 very deep and very dirty, till at last I bade him leap 
 over a hedge, and lie still to hear if any body 
 followed us; which we did, and continued lying 
 down upon the ground about half an hour, when. 
 
132 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 hearing nobody come, we continued our way on to 
 the village upon the Severn, where the fellow told 
 me there was an honest gentleman, one Mr. Woolfe, 
 that lived in that town,^ where I might be with 
 great safety, for that he had hiding-holes for priests. 
 But I would not go in till I knew a little of his 
 mind, whether he would receive so dangerous a 
 guest as me, and therefore stayed in a field, under 
 a hedge, by a great tree, commanding him not to 
 say it was I, but only to ask Mr. Woolfe whether 
 he would receive an English gentleman, a person of 
 quality, to hide him the next day, till we could 
 travel again by night, for I durst not go but by 
 night. 
 
 Mr. Woolfe, when the country fellow told him 
 that it was one that had escaped from the battle 
 of Worcester, said that, for his part, it was so 
 dangerous a thing to harbour any body that was 
 known, that he would not venture his neck for any 
 man, unless it were the king himself. Upon which, 
 Richard Penderell, very indiscreetly, and without 
 any leave, told him that it was I. Upon which Mr. 
 Woolfe repHed, that he should be very ready to 
 1 Mr. Francis Woolfe lived at Madely.— Hodl. 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 133 
 
 venture all he had in the world to secure me. 
 Upon which Richard Penderell came and told me 
 what he had done, at which I was a little troubled ; 
 but then there was no remedy, the day being just 
 coming on, and I must either venture that or run 
 some greater danger. 
 
 So I came into the house a back way, where I 
 found Mr. Woolfe, an old gentleman, who told me 
 he was very sorry to see me there, because there 
 was two companies of the militia foot at that time 
 in ai*ms in the town, and kept a guard at the ferry, 
 to examine every body that came that way, in ex- 
 pectation of catching some that might be making 
 their escape that way ; and that he durst not put 
 me into any of the hiding-holes of his house, be- 
 cause they had been discovered, and consequently, 
 if any search should be made, they would certainly 
 repair to these holes ; and that therefore I had no 
 other way of security but to go into his barn, and 
 there lie behind his corn and hay. So after he had 
 given us some cold meat that was ready, we, without 
 making any bustle in the house, went and lay in 
 the barn all the next day ; when, towards evening, 
 his son, who had been prisoner at Shrewsbury, an 
 
134 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 honest man, was released, and came home to his 
 father's house. And as soon as ever it began to be 
 a little darkish, Mr. Woolfe and his son brought us 
 meat into the barn ; and there we discoursed with 
 them whether we might safely get over the Severn 
 into Wales, which they advised me by no means to 
 adventure upon, because of the strict guards that 
 were kept all along the Severn, where any passage 
 could be found, for preventing any body's escaping 
 that way into Wales. 
 
 Upon this I took resolution of going that night 
 the very same way back again to Penderell's house, 
 where I knew I should hear some news what was 
 become of my Lord Wilmot, and resolved again 
 upon going for London. 
 
 So we set out as soon as it was dark. But, as we 
 came by the mill again, we had no mind to be 
 questioned a second time there ; and therefore 
 asking Richard Penderell whether he could swim 
 or no, and how deep the river was, he told me it 
 was a scurvy river, not easy to be past in all 
 places, and that he could not swim. So I told 
 him, that the river being but a little one, I would 
 undertake to help him over. Upon which we went 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 135 
 
 over some closes to the river side, and I, entering 
 the river first, to see whether I could myself go 
 over, who knew how to swim, found it was but a 
 little above my middle ; and thereupon taking 
 Richard Penderell by the hand, I helped him 
 over. 
 
 Which being done, we went on our way to one of 
 Penderell's brothers (his house being not far from 
 White Ladys), who had been guide to my Lord 
 Wilmot, and we believed might, by that time, be 
 come back again ; for my Lord Wilmot intended 
 to go to London upon his own horse. When I 
 came to this house, I inquired where my Lord 
 Wilmot was; it being now towards morning, and 
 having travelled these two nights on foot, Penderell's 
 brother told me that he had conducted him to a 
 very honest gentleman's house, one Mr. Pitchcroft,^ 
 
 1 The king is mistaken in calling Mr. Whitgrave Mr. Pitchcroft. 
 Pitchcroft is the name of a very large meadow, contiguous to the 
 city of Worcester, where part of the king's troops lay on the 
 night before the battle, and which his majesty might have a distant 
 view of from the top of the tower of the cathedral, where he held 
 a council just before the unfortunate engagement. It is not to be 
 wondered at, if, after the interval of twenty-nine years, the king 
 should mistake the name of a place for the name of a person. — 
 Pepys. 
 
136 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 not far from Woolverhampton,^ a Roman Catholic. 
 I asked him, what news ? He told me that there 
 was one Major Careless in the house that was that 
 countryman; whom I knowing, he having been a 
 major in our army, and made his escape thither, a 
 Roman Catholic also, I sent for him into the room 
 where I was, and consulting with him what we 
 should do the next day. He told me that it would 
 be veiy dangerous for me either to stay in that 
 house or to go into the wood, there being a great 
 wood hard by Boscobel ; that he knew but one way 
 how to pass the next day, and that was, to get up 
 into a great oak, in a pretty plain place, where we 
 see round about us ; for the enemy would certainly 
 search at the wood for people that had made their 
 escape. Of which proposition of his I approving, 
 we (that is to say, Careless and I) went, and carried 
 up with us some victuals for the whole day — viz. 
 bread, cheese, small beer, and nothing else, and got 
 up into a great oak that had been lopt some three 
 or four years before, and being grown out again, 
 very bushy and thick, could not be seen through, 
 and here we staid all the day. I having, in the 
 1 Mr. Whitgrave lived at Moseley. — HoDL. 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCI^^TER 137 
 
 meantime, sent Penderell's brother to Mr. Pitch- 
 croft's, to know whether my Lord Wilmot was 
 there or no,i and had word brought me by him at 
 night that my lord was there, that there was a very 
 secure hiding-hole in Mr. Pitchcroft's house, and 
 that he desired me to come thither to him. 
 
 Memorandum, That while we were in this tree 
 we see soldiers going up and down, in the thicket 
 of the wood, searching for persons escaped, we 
 seeing them now and then peeping out of the 
 wood. 
 
 That night Richard Penderell and I went to Mr. 
 Pitchcroft's, about six or seven miles off, where 
 I found the gentleman of the house, and an old 
 grandmother of his, and Father Hurlston,^ who 
 
 1 I did not depend upon finding Lord Wilmot, but sent only to 
 know what was become of him ; for he and I had agreed to meet 
 at London, at the Three Cranes in the Vintry, and to inquire for 
 Will. Ashburnam. — King. 
 
 2 His name is Hodlestone, and his grandfather was half brother, 
 by a second venter, to the ancestor of Sir William Hodlestone, 
 who, with eight brothers, raised two regiments for the king, and 
 served with them. Father Hodlestone observes very particularly, 
 as one extraordinary instance of God's providence in this affair, 
 the contingency of his first meeting with John Penderell, occasioned 
 by one Mr. Garret's coming, the Thursday after the fight, out of 
 Warwickshire, from Mrs, Morgan, grandmother to little Sir John 
 
138 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 had then the care_, as governor, of bringing up two 
 young gentlemen, who, I think, were Sir John 
 Preston and his brother, they being boys.^ 
 
 Here I spoke with my Lord Wilmot, and sent 
 him away to Colonel Lane's,^ about five or six 
 miles off, to see what means could be found for 
 my escaping towards London; who told my lord, 
 after some consultation thereon, that he had a sister 
 that had a very fair pretence of going hard by 
 Bristol, to a cousin of hers that was married to one 
 Mr. Norton, who lived two or three miles towards 
 Bristol, on Somersetshire side, and she might carry 
 me thither as her man, and from Bristol I might 
 find shipping to get out of England. ^ 
 
 Preston, with some new linen for Sir John, and some for Father 
 Hodlestone himself, namely, six new shirts, one whereof he gave 
 to the king, and another to my Lord Wilmot. — Hodl. 
 
 1 This Sir John Preston's father was Sir John Preston who 
 raised a regiment for the king, and for so doing had his estate 
 given away by the Parliament to Pen. This Sir John Preston, the 
 son, is since dead, and his estate fallen to his brother, Sir Thomas 
 Preston, mentioned in Oates's narrative of the plot, who married 
 my Lord Molineux his daughter, by whom he had two daughters, 
 great heiresses, himself being become a Jesuit. — Pep. 
 
 2 Colonel Lane lived at Bentley. — HODL. 
 
 3 The king, after having changed his linen and stockings at 
 Mr. Whitgrave's, said, that he found himiself at more ease, was 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 139 
 
 So the next night ^ I went away to Colonel 
 Lane's, where I changed my clothes 2 into a little 
 better habit, like a serving-man, being a kind of 
 gray-cloth suit ; and the next day Mrs. Lane and I 
 took our journey towards Bristol, resolving to lie 
 at a place called Long Marson, in the vale of 
 Esham. 
 
 But we had not gone two hours on our way but 
 
 fit for a new march, and if it would please God ever to bless 
 him with ten or twelve thousand men of a mind, and resolved 
 to fight, he should not doubt but to drive those rogues out of the 
 land.— HoDL. 
 
 1 I think I stayed two days at Pitchcroft's [Whitgrave's], but 
 Father Hudlestone can tell better than I.— King. 
 
 2 The habit that the king came in to Father Hodlestone was a 
 very greasy old gray steeple-crowned hat, with the brims turned 
 up, without lining or hatband, the sweat appearing two inches 
 deep through it, round the band place ; a green cloth jump coat, 
 threadbare, even to the threads being worn white, and breeches 
 of the same, with long knees down to the garter; with an old 
 sweaty leathern doublet, a pair of white flannel stockings next 
 to his legs, which the king said were his boot stockings, their tops 
 being cut oif to prevent their being discovered, and upon them 
 a pair of old green yarn stockings, all worn and darned at the 
 knees, with their feet cut off; which last he said he had of Mr. 
 Woolfe, who persuaded him thereto, to hide his other white ones, 
 for fear of being observed ; his shoes were old, all slashed for 
 the ease of his feet, and full of gravel, with little rolls of paper 
 between his toes, which he said he was advised to, to keep them 
 from galling; he had an old coarse shirt, patched both at the 
 
140 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 the mare I rode on cast a shoe ; so we were forced 
 to ride to get another shoe at a scattering village, 
 
 whose name begins with something like Long . 
 
 And as I was holding my horse's foot, I asked the 
 smith what news. He told me that there was no 
 news that he knew of, since the good news of the 
 beating the rogues of the Scots. I asked him 
 whether there was none of the English taken that 
 joined with the Scots. He answered that he did 
 not hear that that rogue Charles Stuart was taken ; 
 but some of the others, he said, were taken, but 
 not Charles Stuart. I told him, that if that rogue 
 were taken he deserved to be hanged more than 
 
 neck and hands, of that very coarse sort which, in that country, 
 go by the name of hogging-shirts ; which shirt, Father Hodlestone 
 shifting from the king, by giving him one of his new ones, Father 
 Hodlestone sent afterwards to Mr. Sherwood, now Lord Abbot 
 of Lambspring, in Germany, a person well known to the Duke 
 [of Yorke], who begged this shirt of Father Hodlestone ; his 
 handkerchief was a very old one, torn, and very coarse, and 
 being daubed with the king's blood from his nose. Father Hodle- 
 stone gave it to a kinswoman of his, one Mrs. Brathwayte, who 
 kept it with great veneration, as a remedy for the king's evil ; he 
 had no gloves, but a long thorn-stick, not very strong, but crooked 
 three or four several ways, in his hand ; his hair cut short up to 
 his ears, and hands coloured ; his majesty refusing to have any 
 gloves, when Father Hodlestone offered him some, as also to 
 change his stick. — Pep. 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 141 
 
 all the rest, for bringing in the Scots. Upon which 
 he said that I spoke like an honest man, and so we 
 parted. 
 
 Here it is to be noted, that we had in company 
 with us Mrs. Lane's sister, who was married to one 
 
 Mr. , she being then going to my Lord Paget's 
 
 hard by Windsor, so as we were to part, as accord- 
 ingly we did, at Stratford-upon-Avon. 
 
 But a mile before we came to Stratford-upon- 
 Avon, we espied upon the way a troop of horse,^ 
 whose riders were alighted, and the horses eating 
 some grass by the way-side, staying there, as I 
 thought, while their muster-master was providing 
 their quarters. Mrs. Lane's sister's husband, who 
 went along with her as far as Stratford, seeing this 
 troop of horse just in our way, said, that for his 
 part he would not go by them, for he had been 
 once or twice beaten by some of the parliament 
 soldiers, and he would not run the venture again. 
 I hearing him say so, begged Mrs. Lane, softly in 
 her ear, that we might not turn back, but go on, 
 
 1 A poor old woman that was gleaning in the field cried out, of 
 her own accord, without occasion given her, ' Master, don't you 
 see a troop of horse before you ? ' — King. 
 
142 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 if they should see us turn. But all she could say 
 in the world would not do, but her brother-in-law 
 turned quite round, and went into Stratford another 
 way. The troop of horse being then just getting 
 on horseback, about twice twelve score off, and, 
 as I told her, we did meet the troop just but in 
 the town of Stratford. 
 
 But then her brother and we parted, he going his 
 way, and we ours towards Long Marson, where we 
 lay at a kinsman's, I think, of Mrs. Lane's ; neither 
 the said kinsman, nor her afore-mentioned brother- 
 in-law, knowing who I was. 
 
 The next night we lay at Cirencester, and so 
 from thence to Mr. Norton's house, beyond Bristol; 
 where as soon as ever I came, Mrs. Lane called the 
 butler of the house, a very honest fellow, whose 
 name was Pope, and had served Tom Jermyn, a 
 groom of my bed-chamber when I was a boy at 
 Richmond, she bade him to take care of William 
 Jackson, for that was my name, as having been 
 lately sick of an ague, whereof she said I was still 
 weak, and not quite recovered. And the truth is, 
 my late fatigues and want of meat had indeed 
 made me look a little pale ; besides this. Pope had 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 143 
 
 been a trooper in the king my father's army; but 
 I was not to be known in that house for anything 
 but Mrs. Lane's servant. 
 
 Memorandum, That one Mr. Lassells, a cousin of 
 Mrs. Lane's, went all the way with us from Colonel 
 Lane's, on horseback, single, 1 riding before Mrs. 
 Lane. 
 
 Pope the butler took great care of me that night, 
 I not eating, as I should have done, with the servants, 
 upon account of my not being well. 
 
 The next morning I arose pretty early, having a 
 very good stomach, and went to the buttery hatch 
 to get my breakfast, where I found Pope and two 
 or three other men in the room, and we all fell to 
 eating bread and butter, to which he gave us very 
 good ale and sack. And as I was sitting there, 
 there was one that looked like a country fellow 
 sat just by me, who, talking, gave so particular an 
 account of the battle of Worcester to the rest of 
 the company, that I concluded he must be one of 
 Cromwell's soldiers. But I asking him, how he 
 came to give so good an account of that battle ? 
 He told me he was in the king's regiment, by which 
 I thought he meant one Colonel King's regiment. 
 
144 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 But questioning him further, I perceived he had 
 been in my regiment of guards, in Major Brough ton's 
 company, that was my major in the battle. I asked 
 him what a kind of man I was ? To which he 
 answered by describing exactly both my clothes and 
 my horse ; and then looking upon me, he told me 
 that the king was at least three fingers taller than 
 I. Upon which I made what haste I could out 
 of the buttery, for fear he should indeed know me, 
 as being more afraid when I knew he was one of 
 our own soldiers, than when I took him for one of 
 the enemy's. 
 
 So Pope and I went into the hall, and just as 
 we came into it Mrs. Norton was coming by through 
 it ; upon which I, plucking off my hat, and standing 
 with my hat in my hand as she past by, that Pope 
 looked very earnestly in my face. But I took no 
 notice of it, but put on my hat again, and went 
 away, walking out of the house into the field. 
 
 I had not been out half an hour, but coming back 
 I went up to the chamber where I lay; and just 
 as I came thither, Mr. Lassells came to me, and 
 in a little trouble said, 'What shall we do.^ I am 
 afraid Pope knows you, for he says very positively 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 145 
 
 to me that it is you, but I have denyed it.' Upon 
 which I presently, without more ado, asked him 
 whether he was a very honest man or no. Whereto 
 he answering me, that he knew him to be so honest 
 a fellow that he durst trust him with his life, as 
 having been always on our side, I thought it better 
 to trust him, than go away leaving that suspicion 
 upon him; and thereupon sent for Pope, and told 
 him that I was very glad to meet him there, and 
 would trust him with my life as an old acquaintance. 
 Upon which, being a discreet fellow, he asked me 
 what I intended to do; ^for,' says he, 'I am ex- 
 tremely happy I know you, for otherwise you might 
 run great danger in this house. For though my 
 master and mistress are good people, yet there are 
 at this time one or two in it that are very great 
 rogues, and I think I can be useful to you in any- 
 thing you will command me.' Upon which I told 
 him my design of getting a ship if possible at 
 Bristol ; and to that end bade him go that very day 
 immediately to Bristol, to see if there were any ships 
 going either to Spain or France, that I might get a 
 passage away in. 
 
 I told him also that my Lord Wilmot was coming 
 K 
 
146 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 to meet me here : for he and I had agreed at 
 Colonel Lane's, and were to meet this very day at 
 Norton's. Upon which Pope told me, that it was 
 most fortunate that he knew me, and had heard 
 this from me, for that if my Lord Wilmot should 
 have come hither, he would have been most certainly 
 known to several people in the house, and therefore 
 he would go. And accordingly went out, and met 
 my Lord Wilmot a mile or two off the house, not 
 far off, where he lodged him till it was night, and 
 then brought him hither by a back door into my 
 chamber, I still passing for a serving-man; and 
 Lassells and I lay in one chamber, he knowing all 
 the way who I was. 
 
 So after Pope had been at Bristol to inquire for a 
 ship, but could hear of none ready to depart beyond 
 sea sooner than within a month, which was too long 
 for me to stay thereabout, I betook myself to the 
 advising afresh with my Lord Wilmot and Pope 
 what was to be done. And the latter telling me 
 that there lived somewhere in that country, upon 
 the edge of Somersetshire, at Trent, within two 
 miles of Sherbum, Frank Windham, the knight 
 marshall's brother, who being my old acquaintance, 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 147 
 
 and a very honest man, I resolved to go to his 
 house. 
 
 But the night before we were to go away, we had 
 a misfortune that might have done us much pre- 
 judice ; for Mrs. Norton, who was big with child, fell 
 into labour, and miscarried of a dead child, and was 
 very ill, so that we could not tell how in the world 
 to find an excuse for Mrs. Lane to leave her cousin 
 in that condition ; and indeed it was not safe to stay 
 longer there, where there was so great resort of dis- 
 affected idle people. 
 
 At length, consulting with Mr. Lassells, I thought 
 the best way to counterfeit a letter from her father's 
 house, old Mr. Lane's, to tell her that her father 
 was extremely ill, and commanded her to come away 
 immediately, for fear that she should not otherwise 
 find him alive ; which letter Pope delivered so well 
 while they were all at supper, and Mrs. Lane play- 
 ing her part so dexterously, that all believed old 
 Mr. Lane to be in great danger, and gave his 
 daughter the excuse to go away with me the very 
 next morning early. 
 
 Accordingly, the next morning,^ we went directly 
 1 I staid about two days at Pope's [Lassells's].— King. 
 
148 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 to Trent to Frank Windham's house, and lay that 
 night at Castle Caiy, and the next night came to 
 Trent, where I had appointed my Lord Wilmot to 
 meet me, whom I still took care not to keep with 
 me, but sent him a little before, or left to come 
 after me.^ 
 
 When we came to Trent, my Lord Wilmot and I 
 advised with Frank Windham whether he had any 
 acquaintance at any sea-town upon the coast of 
 Dorset or Devonshire; who told me that he was 
 very well acquainted with Gyles Strangways, and 
 that he would go directly to him, and inform himself 
 whether he might not have some acquaintance at 
 Weymouth or Lyme, or some of those parts. 
 
 But Gyles Strangways proved not to have any, as 
 having been long absent from all those places, as not 
 daring to stir abroad, having been always faithful 
 to the king ; but he desired Frank Windham to try 
 what he could do therein, it being unsafe for him to 
 be found busy upon the sea-coast. But withal he 
 sent me three hundred broad pieces, which he knew 
 
 1 I ould never get my Lord Wilmot to put on any disguise, he 
 saying that he should look frightfully in it, and therefore did never 
 put on any. — King. 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 149 
 
 were necessary for me in the condition I was now in ; 
 for I durst carry no money about me in those mean 
 clothes, and my hair cut short, but about ten or 
 twelve shillings in silver. 
 
 Frank Windham upon this went himself to Lyme, 
 and spoke with a merchant there to hire a ship 
 for my transportation, being forced to acquaint 
 him that it was I that was to be carried out. The 
 
 merchant undertook it, his name being , and 
 
 accordingly hired a vessel for France, appointing a 
 day for my coming to Lyme to embark. And 
 accordingly we set out from Frank Windham's ; and, 
 to cover the matter the better, I rode before a 
 cousin of Frank Windham's, one Mrs. Judith 
 Coningsby, still going by the name of William 
 Jackson.^ 
 
 Memorandum. — That one day, during my stay at 
 Trent, I hearing the bells ring (the church being 
 hard by Frank Windham's house), and seeing a 
 company got together in the churchyard, I sent 
 down the maid of the house, who knew me, to 
 
 ^ At Trent, Mrs. Lane and Lassells went home, I stayed some 
 four or five days at Frank Windham's house, and was known to 
 most of his family. — King. 
 
150 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 inquire what the matter was ; who returning, came 
 up and told me that there was a rogue a trooper 
 come out of Cromwell's army that was telling the 
 people that he had killed me, and that that was my 
 buff coat which he had then on ; upon which, most 
 of the village being fanatics, they were ringing the 
 bells, and making a bonfire for joy of it. 
 
 This merchant having appointed us to come to 
 Lyme, we, viz., myself, my Lord Wilmot, Frank 
 Windham, Mrs. Coningsby, and one servant of Frank 
 Windham's, whose name was Peter, were directed 
 from him to a little village hard by Lyme, the vessel 
 being to come out of the cobb at Lyme, and come to 
 a little creek that was just by this village, whither 
 we went, and to send their boat ashore to take us in 
 at the said creek, and carry us over to France, the 
 wind being then very good at north. 
 
 So we sat up that night, expecting the ship to 
 come out, but she failed us. Upon which I sent 
 Frank Windham's man, Peter, and my Lord Wilmot, 
 to Lyme the next morning, to know the reason of 
 it. But we were much troubled how to pass away 
 our time the next day, till we could have an answer. 
 At last we resolved to go to a place called Burport, 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 151 
 
 about four miles from Lyme, and there stay till my 
 Lord Wilmot should bring us news whether the 
 vessel could be had the next night or no, and the 
 reason of her last night's failure. 
 
 So Frank Windham and Mrs. Coningsby and I 
 went in the morning, on horseback, away to Bur- 
 port ; and just as we came into the town, I could 
 see the streets full of redcoats, Cromwell's soldiers, 
 being a regiment of Colonel Haynes's, viz., fifteen 
 hundred men going to embark to take Jersey, at 
 which Frank Windham was very much startled, and 
 asked me what I would do. I told him that we 
 must go impudently into the best inn in the town, 
 and take a chamber there, as the only thing to be 
 done ; because we should otherwise miss my Lord 
 Wilmot, in case we went anywhere else, and that 
 would be very inconvenient both to him and me. 
 So we rode directly into the best inn of the place, 
 and found the yard very full of soldiers. I alighted, 
 and taking the horses, thought it the best way to go 
 blundering in among them, and lead them through 
 the middle of the soldiers into the stable ; which I 
 did, and they were very angry with me for my 
 rudeness. 
 
152 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 As soon as I came into the stable I took the bridle 
 off the horses^ and called the hostler to me to help 
 me, and to give the horses some oats. And as the 
 hostler was helping me to feed the horses, ^ Sure, 
 sir,* says the hostler, ' I know your face ? ' which was 
 no very pleasant question to me. But I thought 
 the best way was to ask him where he had lived — 
 whether he had always lived there or no ? He told 
 me that he was but newly come thither ; that he 
 was born in Exeter, and had been hostler in an inn 
 there, hard by one Mr. Potter's, a merchant, in 
 whose house I had lain in the time of the war : so I 
 thought it best to give the fellow no further occa- 
 sion of thinking where he had seen me, for fear he 
 should guess right at last; therefore I told him, 
 'Friend, certainly you have seen me then at Mr. 
 Potter's, for I served him a good while, above a 
 year.' 'Oh!' says he, 'then I remember you a 
 boy there ' ; and with that was put off from think- 
 ing any more on it, but desired that we might 
 drink a pot of beer together, which I excused by 
 saying that I must go wait on my master, and get 
 his dinner ready for him ; but told him that my 
 master was going for London, and would return 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 153 
 
 about three weeks hence, when he would lie there, 
 and I would not fail to drink a pot with him. 
 
 As soon as we had dined, my Lord Wilmot came 
 into the town from Lyme, but went to another inn. 
 Upon which we rode out of town, as if we had gone 
 upon the road towards London ; and when we were 
 got two miles off, my Lord Wilmot overtook us (he 
 having observed, while in town, where we were), 
 and told us that he believed the ship might be 
 ready next night, but that there had been some 
 mistake betwixt him and the master of the ship. 
 
 Upon which, I not thinking it fit to go back 
 again to the same place where we had sat up the 
 
 night before, we went to a village called 
 
 about four miles in the country above Lyme, and 
 sent in Peter to know of the merchant whether 
 the ship would be ready. But the master of the 
 ship, doubting that it was some dangerous employ- 
 ment he was hired upon, absolutely refused the 
 merchant, and would not carry us over. 
 
 Whereupon we were forced to go back again 
 to Frank Windham's to Trent, where we might 
 be in some safety till we had hired another ship. 
 
 As soon as we came to Frank Windham's, I sent 
 
154 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 away presently to Colonel Robert Philips, who lived 
 then at Salisbury, to see what he could do for the 
 getting me a ship ; which he undertook very will- 
 ingly, and had got one at Southampton, but by 
 misfortune she was, amongst others, prest to trans- 
 port their soldiers to Jersey, by which she failed 
 us also. 
 
 Upon this I sent further into Sussex, where 
 Robin Philips knew one Colonel Gunter, to see 
 whether he could hire a ship anywhere upon that 
 coast. And not thinking it convenient for me to 
 stay much longer at Frank Windham's (where I 
 had been in all about a fortnight, and was become 
 known to very many), I went directly away to a 
 widow gentlewoman's house, one Mrs. Hyde, some 
 four or five miles from Sahsbury, where I came 
 into the house just as it was almost dark, with 
 Robin Philips only, not intending at first to make 
 myself known. But just as I alighted at the door, 
 Mrs. Hyde knew me, though she had never seen 
 me but once in her life, and that was with the 
 king my father, in the army, when we marched 
 by Salisbury, some years before, in the time of 
 the war; but she being a discreet woman took 
 
ESCAPE FROxM WORCESTER 155 
 
 no notice at that time of me, I passing only for 
 a friend of Robin Philips, by whose advice I went 
 thither. 
 
 At supper there was with us Frederick Hyde, 
 since a judge, and his sister-in-law, a widow, Robin 
 Philips, myself, and Dr. Henshaw, since Bishop of 
 London, whom I had appointed to meet me there. 
 
 While we were at supper, I observed Mrs. Hyde 
 and her brother Frederick to look a little earnestly 
 at me, which led me to believe they might know 
 me. But I was not at all startled by it, it having 
 been my purpose to let her know who I was ; and 
 accordingly after supper Mrs. Hyde came to me, 
 and I discovered myself to her, who told me she 
 had a very safe place to hide me in, till we knew 
 whether our ship was ready or no. But she said 
 it was not safe for her to trust anybody but her- 
 self and her sister, and therefore advised me to 
 take my horse next morning, and make as if I 
 quitted the house, and return again about night; 
 for she would order it so that all her servants and 
 everybody should be out of the house but herself 
 and her sister, whose name I remember not. 
 
 So Robin Philips and I took our horses, and 
 
156 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 went as far as Stonehenge; and there we staid 
 looking upon the stones for some time,^ and re- 
 turned back again to Hale (the place where Mrs. 
 Hyde lived) about the hour she appointed; where 
 I went up into the hiding-hole, that was very con- 
 venient and safe^ and staid there all alone (Robin 
 Philips then going away to Salisbury) some four 
 or five days. 
 
 After four or five days' stay, Robin Philips came 
 to the house, and acquainted me that a ship was 
 ready provided for me at Shoreham by Colonel 
 Gunter. Upon which, at two o'clock in the morn- 
 ing, I went out of the house by the back way, 
 and, with Robin Philips, met Colonel Gunter and 
 my Lord Wilmot together, some fourteen or fifteen 
 miles off, on my way towards Shoreham, and were 
 to lodge that night at a place called Hambleton, 
 seven miles from Portsmouth, because it was too 
 long a journey to go in one day to Shoreham. 
 And here we lay at a house of a brother-in-law 
 
 1 The king and Colonel Phelips rode about the Downes, and 
 took a view of the wonder of the country, Stonehenge; where 
 they found that the king's arithmetic gave the lie to the fabulous 
 tale that those stones cannot be told alike twice together. — 
 Phelips. 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 157 
 
 of Colonel Gunter's, one Mr. , where I was 
 
 not to be known (I being still in the same grey- 
 cloth suit, as a serving-man), though the master 
 of the house was a very honest poor man, who, 
 while we were at supper, came in, he having 
 been all the day playing the good-fellow at an 
 ale-house in the town, and taking a stool, sat down 
 with us ; where his brother-in-law. Colonel Gunter, 
 talking very feelingly concerning Cromwell and all 
 his party, he went and whispered his brother in 
 the ear, and asked whether I was not some round- 
 headed rogue's son, for I looked very suspiciously. 
 Upon which. Colonel Gunter answering for me, 
 that he might trust his life in my hands, he came 
 and took me by the hand, and drinking a good 
 glass of beer to me, called me brother roundhead. 
 
 About that time my Lord Southampton, that was 
 then at Titchfield, suspecting, for what reason I 
 don't know, that it was possible I might be in the 
 country, sent either to Robin Philips or Dr. Henshaw 
 to offer his service if he could serve me in my escape. 
 But being then provided of a ship, I would not put 
 him to the danger of having anything to do with it. 
 
 The next day we went to a place, four miles off 
 
158 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 of Shoreham, called Brighthelmstone, where we 
 were to meet with the master of the ship, as 
 thinking it more convenient for us to meet there 
 than just at Shoreham, where the ship was. So 
 when we came to the inn at Brighthelmstone, we 
 met with one [Mansel], the merchant, who had 
 hired the vessel, in company with her master,^ the 
 merchant only knowing me, as having hired her 
 only to carry over a person of quality that was 
 escaped from the battle of Worcester, without 
 naming anybody. And as we were all sitting 
 together (viz., Robin Philips, my Lord Wilmot, 
 Colonel Gunter, the merchant, the master, and I), 
 I observed that the master of the vessel looked very 
 much upon me. And as soon as we had supped, 
 calling the merchant aside, the master told him 
 that he had not dealt fairly with him ; for though 
 he had given him a very good price for the carrying 
 over that gentleman, yet he had not been clear 
 with him ; ^ for,' says he, ' he is the king, and I very 
 well know him to be sb.' Upon which, the mer- 
 chant denying it, saying that he was mistaken, the 
 
 * Mr, Francis Mansel, the faithful merchant who provided the 
 bark. Captain Tettershall, the master of the bark. — Phelips. 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 169 
 
 master answered, 'I know him very well, for he 
 took my ship, together with other fishing vessels 
 at Brighthelmstone, in the year 1 648 ' (which was 
 when I commanded the king my father's fleet, and 
 I very kindly let them go again). ' But,' says he to 
 the merchant, ^ be not troubled at it, for I think I 
 do God and my country good service in preserving 
 the king, and, by the grace of God, I will venture 
 my Hfe and all for him, and set him safely on shore, 
 if I can, in France.' Upon which the merchant 
 came and told me what had passed between them, 
 and thereby found myself under a necessity of 
 trusting him. But I took no kind of notice of it 
 presently to him; but thinking it convenient not 
 to let him go home, lest he should be asking advice 
 of his wife, or anybody else, we kept him with us 
 in the inn, and sat up all night drinking beer, and 
 taking tobacco with him. 
 
 And her^ I also run another very great danger, as 
 being confident I was known by the master of the 
 inn ; for as I was standing, after supper, by the fire- 
 side, leaning my hand upon a chair, and all the rest 
 of the company being gone into another room, the 
 master of the inn came in, and fell a-talking with 
 
160 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 me, and just as he was looking about, and saw there 
 was nobody in the room, he, upon a sudden, kissed 
 my hand that was upon the back of the chair, and 
 said to me, ' God bless you wheresover you go ! I 
 do not doubt, before I die, but to be a lord, and my 
 wife a lady/ So I laughed, and went away into the 
 next room, not desiring then any further discourse 
 with him, there being no remedy against my bemg 
 known by him, and more discourse might have but 
 raised suspicion. On which consideration, I thought 
 it best for to trust him in that manner, and he proved 
 very honest. 
 
 About four o'clock in the morning, myself and 
 the company before named went towards Shoreham, 
 taking the master of the ship with us, on horseback, 
 behind one of our company, and came to the vessel's 
 side, which was not above sixty ton. But it being 
 low water, and the vessel lying dry, I and my Lord 
 Wilmot got up with a ladder into her, and went and 
 lay down in the little cabin, till the tide came to fetch 
 us off. 
 
 But I was no sooner got into the ship, and lain 
 down upon the bed, but the master came in to me, 
 fell down upon his knees, and kist my hand, telling 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 161 
 
 me that he knew me very well, and would venture 
 life and all that he had in the world to set me down 
 safe in France. 
 
 So about seven o'clock in the morning, it being 
 high water, we went out of the port ; but the 
 master being bound for Pool, loaden with sea-coal, 
 because he would not have it seen from Shoreham 
 that he did not go his intended voyage, but stood 
 all the day, with a very easy sail, towards the isle 
 of Wight (only my Lord Wilmot and myself, of my 
 company, on board). And as we were sailing, the 
 master came to me, and desired me that I would per- 
 suade his men to use their endeavours with me to get 
 him to set us on shore in France, the better to cover 
 him from any suspicion thereof. Upon which I went 
 to the men, which were four and a boy, and told them, 
 truely, that we were two merchants that had some mis- 
 fortunes, and were a little in debt ; that we had some 
 money owing us at Rouen, in France, and were afraid 
 of being arrested in England ; that if they would per- 
 suade the master (the wind being very fair) to give 
 us a trip over to Dieppe, or one of those ports near 
 Rouen, they would oblige us very much ; and with 
 that I gave them twenty shillings to drink. Upon 
 
162 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S 
 
 which they undertook to second me, if I would pro- 
 pose it to the master. So I went to the master, 
 and told him our condition, and that if he would 
 give us a trip over to France, we would give him 
 some consideration for it. Upon which he counter- 
 feited difficulty, saying that it would hinder his 
 voyage. But his men, as they had promised me, 
 joining their persuasions to ours, and at last he 
 yielded to set us over. 
 
 So about five o'clock in the afternoon, as we were 
 in sight of the Isle of Wight, we stood directly over 
 to the coast of France, the wind being then full 
 north; and the next morning, a little before day, 
 we saw the coast. But the tide failing us, and the 
 wind coming about to the south-west, we were 
 forced to come to an anchor, within two miles of 
 the shore, till the tide of flood was done. 
 
 We found ourselves just before an harbour in 
 France called Fescamp ; and just as the tide of ebb 
 was made, espied a vessel to leeward of us, which, 
 by her nimble working, I suspected to be an Ostend 
 privateer. Upon which I went to my Lord Wilmot, 
 and telling him my opinion of that ship, proposed 
 to him our going ashore in the little cock-boat, for 
 
ESCAPE FROM WORCESTER 163 
 
 fear they should prove so, as not knowing but, find- 
 ing us going into a port of France (there being- 
 then a war betwixt France and Spain), they might 
 plunder us, and possibly carry us away and set us 
 ashore in England ; the master also himself had 
 the same opinion of her being an Ostender, and 
 came to me to tell me so, which thought I made 
 it my business to dissuade him from, for fear it 
 should tempt him to set sail again with us for the 
 coast of England ; yet so sensible I was of it, that 
 I and my Lord Wilmot went both on shore in the 
 cock-boat, and going up into the town of Fescamp, 
 staid there all day to provide horses for Rouen. 
 But the vessel which had so affrighted us proved 
 afterwards only a French hoy. 
 
 The next day we got to Rouen, to an inn, one of 
 the best in the town, in the Fishmarket, where 
 they made difficulty to receive us, taking us, by 
 our clothes, to be some thieves, or persons that 
 had been doing some veiy ill thing, until Mr. 
 Sandburne, a merchant, for whom I sent, came 
 and answered for us. 
 
 One particular more there is observable in rela- 
 tion to this our passage into France, that the vessel 
 
164 KING CHARLES THE SECOND'S ESCAPE 
 
 that brought us over had no sooner landed me, and 
 I given her master a pass, for fear of meeting with 
 any of our Jersey frigates, but the wind turned so 
 happily for her, as to carry her directly for Pool 
 without its being known that she had ever been 
 upon the coast of France. 
 
 We staid at Rouen one day, to provide ourselves 
 better clothes, and give notice to the queen, my 
 mother (who was then at Paris), of my being safely 
 landed. After which, setting out in a hired coach, 
 I was met by my mother, with coaches, short of 
 Paris ; and by her conducted thither, where I safely 
 arrived. 
 
BY THE PARLIAMENT 
 
 A Proclamation for Ike Discovery and Apprehenditig 
 of Charles Stuart and other Traytors, his 
 Adherents and Abettors. 
 
 Whereas Charles Stuart^ Son of the late Tyrant, 
 with Divers of the English and Scottish nation, have 
 lately, in traitorous and hostile Manner, with an 
 Army, invaded this Nation, which, by the Blessing 
 of God upon the Forces of this Commonwealth, 
 have been defeated, and many of the Chief Actors 
 therein slain, and taken Prisoners; but the said 
 Charles Stuart is escaped : For the speedy ap- 
 prehending of such a malicious and dangerous 
 Traytor, to the Peace of this Commonwealth, the 
 Parliament doth straitly charge and command all 
 Officers, as well Civil as Military, and all other the 
 good people of this Nation, That they make diligent 
 
166 BY THE PARLIAMENT 
 
 Search and Enquiry for the said Charles Stuart, 
 and his Abettors, and Adherents in this Invasion ; 
 and use their best Endeavours for the Discovery 
 and Arresting the Bodies of them, and every of 
 them ; and being apprehended, to bring, and cause 
 to be brought forthv^'ith and without Delay, in safe 
 Custody, before the Parliament, or Council of State, 
 to be proceeded with and ordered, as Justice shall 
 require : And if any Person shall knowingly conceal 
 the said Charles Stuart, or any of his Abettors or 
 Adherents, or shall not reveal the Places of their 
 Abode, or Being, if it be in their Power so to do. 
 The Parliament doth declare that they will hold 
 them as Partakers and Abettors of their trayterous 
 and wicked Practices and Designs : And the Parlia- 
 ment doth further publish and declare. That whoso- 
 ever shall apprehend the Person of the said Charles 
 Stuart, and shall bring, or cause him to be brought 
 to the Parliament, or Council of State, shall have 
 given and bestowed on him, or them, as a Reward 
 for such Service, the Sum of One Thousand Pounds: 
 And all Officers, Civil and Military, are required 
 to be aiding and assisting unto such Person and 
 Persons therein. Given at Westminster this Tenth 
 
BY THE PARLIAMENT 167 
 
 Day of September, One Thousand Six Hundred 
 Fifty-one. 
 
 Ordered by the Parliament, That this Proclamation 
 he forthwith Printed and Published. 
 
 Hen. Scobel, Cler. Pari 
 
 London : Printed by John Field, Printer to the 
 Parliament of England. 1661. 
 
EDINBURGH 
 
 T. d^ A. CONSTABLE 
 
 Printers to Her Majesty 
 
 1894 
 
THE 
 
 MEMORIAL LIBRARY EDITION 
 
 OF THE WORKS OF THE LATE 
 
 SIR RICHARD F. BURTON 
 
 I. A PERSONAL NARRATIVE OF A PILGRIMAGE TO 
 AL-MADINAH AND MECCAH. Memorial Edition. Complete. 
 Carefully revised from the Author's own Copy, and containing all 
 the original coloured Illustrations, and Maps, and Plans, and also 
 the Wood-cuts from the later Editions. With photogravure portrait 
 of Lady Burton, as Frontispiece. In Two vols. Price Twelve 
 Shillings, net. 
 
 ' The brilliant narrative reads as vividly as ever. . . . We are glad to see his 
 books revived in a form worthy of their intrinsic merit.' — Athencewii. 
 
 ' As a mere book of travel and adventure it is excellent, and it is besides shot 
 through with humour.' — Manchester Guardian. 
 
 ' Few stories of adventure have the interest of Sir Richard Burton's vigorous 
 narrative, and fewer still have its literary and ethnographic value. . . . One of 
 the most marvellous records of daring ever penned. . . . We heartily recommend 
 the Memorial Edition of the Pilgrimage.' — Publishers^ Circular. 
 
 ' Every credit is due to the publishers for what they have done towards 
 making paper, printing, binding, and those dozen matters which are included 
 in the one term "get up," worthy of the book and worthy of the author.' — 
 Graphic. 
 
 ' Two most fascinating volumes ; the richness and magic of which it is only 
 possible to realise by reading them — as every one must, who once takes them 
 up— from beginning to end.' — Star. 
 
 ' The book is one of extraordinary interest, and well repays purchase and 
 perusal.' — Manchester Courier. 
 
 ' It is a fascinating story, not only picturesquely told, but revealing on every 
 page a f)ersonality more interesting than anything that the said personality ever 
 wrote. ' — Daily Graphic. 
 
 ' It will be impossible in a paragraph or two to give any adequate idea of the 
 mass of information and entertaijiment it contains.' — Saturday Reznew. 
 
2 The Memorial Library Edition of the 
 
 ' Every episode is so vividly described that the reader is compelled to follow 
 the story with increasing interest, and cannot fail to obtain, almost uncon- 
 sciously, a vast amount of valuable information.' — Dundee Advertiser. 
 
 ' Burton never wrote anything more captivating. Those who excite and 
 incite like him, and make a ceiling and stone walls a prison while you read, are 
 rare, just as rare as he was himself.' — Sketch. 
 
 ' This is one of those books which, when once read, are never forgotten, and 
 are always re-read with pleasure.' — St. James's Budget. 
 
 ' Even Burton never wrote anything better than his " Pilgrimage to Mecca." 
 After ye^rs one's appetite returns to it, and on a second reading one is more 
 than ever struck by the amount of marvel and of peril which he takes for 
 granted, and mentions as mere circumstance. It is a great book of travels.' — 
 Bookman. 
 
 ' The narative is one of absorbing interest. . . . Those who know the book of 
 old will welcome the present handsome edition, and those who do not know it 
 may be congratulated on the pleasure in store for them.' — Glasgo^v Herald. 
 
 II. A MISSION TO GELELE, KING OF DAHOME. 
 
 Memorial Edition. Complete. With Frontispieces. In Two vols. 
 Price Twelve Shillings, net. 
 
 ' Of all Burton's books this account of his hazardous mission to Dahomey is 
 one of the least known ; it brings out, in a very marked manner, the writer's 
 unfailing tact and resource in dealing with savage peoples.' — Daily Graphic. 
 
 * Carefully edited and excellently got up.' — Glasgow Herald. 
 
 'The style is more colloquial than that of the "Pilgrimage to Mecca," but 
 it is none the less readable and attractive. The effect produced by the book is 
 that of a clever man talking over his adventiu-es after dinner, or in a club 
 smoking-room. ' — Manchester Guardian. 
 
 ' An uncompromising account of a race which has, perhaps, been sentimental- 
 ised over more than any other.' — Star. 
 
 ' The republication of Sir R. Burton's ' ' Mission to Gelele, King of Dahomey," 
 is seasonable, seeing that public interest in that country has been revived by 
 the recent operations of French troops.' — Manchester Examiner and Times. 
 
 ' Among the multifarious works of Sir Richard Burton, this monograph on 
 the kingdom of Dahomey holds its place as a proof of the author's inveterate 
 love of travelling, of his searching insight into native habits, of his capabilities 
 as a public servant, and of his frank and uncompromising expression of his own 
 opinions regardless of the prejudices of others.' — Publishers' Circular. 
 
Works of the late Sir Richard F. Burton 3 
 
 ' In view of the French projects these volumes appear very opportunely, and 
 are in themselves, as a record of an embassy to a very unconventional potentate, 
 among the most interesting of Sir Richard's strange and varied experiences.'— 
 The Literary World. 
 
 ' His expedition may be regarded as the first opening up of the interior of 
 this part of Africa to European enterprise.' — Dundee Advertiser. 
 
 ' Now that the affairs of Dahomey are frequently attracting attention, these 
 volumes are very timely. How exceedingly interesting they are our extracts 
 will have sufficed to show.'— .SY. James's Bud^^et. 
 
 III. VIKRAM AND THE VAMPIRE : Tales of Hindu 
 Devilry. Memorial Edition. Complete. With 33 Illustrations 
 by Ernest Griset. In One vol. Pnce Six Shillings, net. 
 
 There is also a large paper edition of this book, printed on 
 Arnold's unbleached hand-made paper, in royal 8vo, limited to 
 200 copies, which, in addition, contains a new photogravure 
 Frontispiece by Albert Letchford, and in which the sixteen full- 
 page plates are printed on special China paper and mounted. 
 Price Twenty-five Shillings, net. 
 
 'Strange, humorous, and fascinating stories.' — Ec/io. 
 
 ' A book which is fascinating in the extreme, and if there yet remains any 
 lover of the fantastic and picturesque in literature who has not read these 
 enchanting tales, let us hasten to assure him that he has a most delightful 
 experience in store.' — St. James's Budget. 
 
 'As a "creepy" story-book and picture-book, this " Vikram" is not easy to 
 beat.' — National Observer. 
 
 'It is an amusing book, a strange mixture of philosophy and nonsense.'— 
 Liverpool Post. 
 
 ' Fantastic (tales) all of them, gruesome many of them ; full of strange, witty 
 inventions ; their very grotesqueness fascinates, while their applicability to 
 modern times fills one with wondering.' — Bookvian. 
 
 * It is a volume of fascinating interest to the student of things Oriental, and 
 is written with all that charm of style of which Burton was so consummate a 
 master.' — PublisJters Circular. 
 
 ' Rather strong meat.' — Globe. 
 
The Memorial Library Edition 
 
 ' Can hold its own with any of those stories of myth and mystery which are 
 so especially characteristic of the East.' — TAe Literary World. 
 ' Full of witty strokes and points of comic devilment.' — Scotsman. 
 ' Stories you cannot begin without reading to the very end.' — Star. 
 
 IV. FIRST FOOTSTEPS IN EAST AFRICA. Memorial 
 
 Edition. Complete. With 2 Maps and 4 Coloured Illustrations. 
 In Two vols. Price Twelve Shillings, net. 
 
 'A perusal of this acceptable reprint recalls once more Burton's admirable 
 qualities as a writer, and his supreme resource as a discoverer.' — National 
 Observer. 
 
 ' " First Footsteps in East Africa " is a most exciting narrative— the marvellous 
 record of a marvellous man, whose real greatness, though ungrudgingly recog- 
 nised in many quarters, has never been so universally acknowledged as it ought 
 to h^: —Sheffield Daily Telegraph. 
 
 ' Burton was really the last of the great travellers. All who care for East 
 African topics should read his narrative.' — Echo. 
 
 ' For dauntless bravery this was, perhaps, the most daring exploit that Barton 
 ever attempted.' — Dundee Advertiser. 
 
 ' As a tale of adventure and exploration it scarcely yields to the author's 
 famous journey to Mecca.' — Scotsman. 
 
 ' The narrative of the long, weary, and perilous expedition to the Dreadful 
 City, of the ten days which his capacity for passing as an Arab enabled him 
 to spend in it, and of the terrible journey back to Berberah, is as stirring as 
 anything in fiction. ' — Glasgow Herald. 
 
 ' The whole narrative is a model for all travellers, and one is delighted to 
 have an excuse for renewing acquaintance with it.'— Daily Graphic. 
 ' It is altogether a delightful book.'— Pa// Mall Gazette. 
 
 The above Volumes, which are demy octavo in size, printed 
 from new type, on good paper, and tastefully bound in black and 
 gold, will be followed from time to time by other Works of 
 Sir Richard Burton, of which due notice will be given. 
 
 EACH WORK IS SOLD SEPARATELY. 
 
 Messrs. TYLSTON AND EDWARDS, PUBLISHERS, 
 13 CLIFFORD'S INN, LONDON, E.G. 
 
THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE 
 STAMPED BELOW 
 
 RETUB_ 
 
 AN INITIAL FINE OF 25 CENTS 
 
 WILL BE ASSESSED FOR FAILURE TO RETURN 
 THIS BOOK ON THE DATE DUE. THE PENALTY 
 WILL INCREASE TO 50 CENTS ON THE FOURTH 
 DAY AND TO $1.00 ON THE SEVENTH DAY 
 OVERDUE. 
 
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