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 E 
 
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 y-*'^ s'^'TY '^*X " 
 
 TAYLOR 
 
THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
Y 
 
I3ol)b0<jmerrill 
 
 Natural Method 
 
 Shorthand Instruction 
 
 Individual or Class Use 
 
 By Anna Taylor 
 
 General and Law Reporter 
 
 Formerly Teacher of Shorthand in the Indianapolis 
 Manual Training High School 
 
 Revised Edition 
 
 Indianapolis 
 
 The Bobbs-Merrill Company 
 1904 
 
COPYRIGHT 1902 
 
 BY 
 THE BOWEN-MERRILL CO. 
 
 THE HOLLENBECK PRESS 
 INDIANAPOLIS 
 
PREFACE TO REVISED EDITION 
 
 In the revision of this book, its adaptation for use in 
 high schools and commercial schools has been particu- 
 larly in mind. 
 
 The reading exercises are increased in number. 
 
 The writing exercises are condensed and shortened, 
 and yet they contain more illustrative words. 
 
 Each lesson has a review exercise, repeating all its 
 own abbreviations and some from preceding lessons; it 
 also contains additional words under known principles, 
 for practice in forming new full outlines. 
 
 All abbreviated outlines are repeated at least four 
 times, and in the reviews all abbreviations which be- 
 long to a preceding lesson (except the very commonest 
 ones) are italicized, so that they may receive special 
 practice. 
 
 Phrase outlines are indicated throughout by the use of 
 hyphens, so as to insure facility in that phrase-writing 
 which adds so much to speed and legibility. 
 
 The last chapter has been rewritten, and contains 
 fuller instructions on abbreviation and reporting expe- 
 dients. 
 
 in 
 
 448452 
 
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION 
 
 The system of shorthand set forth in this book is 
 based upon the phonetic principles which are funda- 
 mental to all Pitmanic systems, and includes special 
 stenographic features of value heretofore brought out, 
 together with new ones which have been found useful 
 in the author's long experience as a reporter. 
 
 The distinguishing features of this new text-book are 
 as follows : 
 
 1. It furnishes from the first, in sentences, exhaustive 
 practice upon the common words and phrases under 
 each principle of shorthand, thereby saving the student 
 from the confusion which arises from the attempt to put 
 into practice at the end of the course the outlines under 
 all the principles at once. 
 
 2. It saves the time and lessens the mental labor of 
 the student by supplying for his use from the beginning 
 the forms which are employed by the finished stenogra- 
 pher. Each word or phrase (including both full and 
 abbreviated outlines) is presented as soon as the student 
 understands the principles underlying the form which 
 best meets the combined requirements of speed and 
 legibility. 
 
 3. It develops to a further degree, and unifies, the 
 general principles relating to the use of full strokes 
 rather than brief signs, half-lengths or hooks as well 
 as those relating to the use of upward and downward 
 
 iv 
 
PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION 
 
 strokes ; and to secure this it gives careful instruction 
 upon every principle which permits a wide range of 
 distinction in outline- based upon syllabication. Where 
 older forms have been preferred to newer inventions, it 
 is because by the use of the former a much larger list 
 of words is provided with short outlines conforming to 
 these general principles. 
 
 4. It unites in one complete course the instruction 
 usually divided into compendium of principles, report- 
 er's companion and phrase-book; thereby supplying a 
 quick and accurate style of writing, adapted to meet 
 equally well the requirements of the individual writer, 
 the amanuensis, and the reporter. 
 
 Steady progress from the known to the unknown, 
 with constant application of the principles learned, is a 
 delight; and it is with the object of making easier and 
 more interesting than heretofore the acquirement of a 
 thorough business knowledge of shorthand, and also 
 with the hope of making practical the use of the art to 
 those who desire to employ it in their individual study 
 or composition, that this series of lessons has been pre- 
 pared. A. T. 
 
 Indianapolis, May, 1895. 
 
INTRODUCTION 
 
 The materials required in the study of shorthand arc 
 a blank book with lines, and a medium pencil (No. 2) 
 or a fine pen, a fountain pen being desirable. A book 
 opening at the end is preferable ; the writing should be 
 placed on the lower page only, and the book turned 
 when full one way. In practicing, or when writing 
 from dictation, errors should be marked out with the 
 pencil, not erased. In the preparation of exercises in 
 the study hour, however, all errors should be corrected 
 and the work made as neat as possible. A second blank 
 book should be kept in which to copy difficult outlines 
 for special practice. 
 
 The student should confine his practice to the exer- 
 cises in the book until he has mastered all the principles. 
 In the words illustrating each principle all necessary 
 vocalization and the unusual directions of strokes have 
 been indicated. Under Abbreviation and Phrasing, 
 the forms given are thoroughly tested ones, and may be 
 safely adopted by the student. 
 
 Frequent references are made in the word lists to the 
 rules relating to the formation of difficult outlines, and 
 the paragraphs named should always be referred to so 
 that the student may be saved from making and repeat- 
 ing common errors. 
 
 After the explanation of each new principle, a read- 
 ing exercise is given, to familiarize the student with the 
 
VIII INTRODUCTION 
 
 forms before he is required to write them. The key to 
 these reading exercises at the end of the book should be 
 referred to only after reading (or attempting to read) 
 each" outline. 
 
 The alphabetical list at the end of the book contains 
 the words which are abbreviated or written in position. 
 This is intended for reference when a word-form or its 
 position is forgotten, and for review. 
 
 The markings for letters used are those employed in 
 Webster's Dictionary. The student should, in the study 
 hour, refer to the dictionary for the pronunciation, spell- 
 ing and meaning of words which are new to him. The 
 knowledge of words and their uses is all-important to 
 the stenographer, and every opportunity should be im- 
 proved by which he can enlarge his knowledge of the 
 language. 
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR STUDY. 
 
 Preparation. 
 
 1. Read carefully every instruction, including the 
 notes. 
 
 2. Copy many times the signs illustrating the princi- 
 ples, observing every particularity of form, and naming 
 each sign as written. 
 
 3. Read the outlines in the reading exercises, refer- 
 ring to the key to test the accuracy of the reading. Re- 
 peat the exercises until all the outlines can be quickly 
 read without the aid of the key. 
 
 4. Practice writing the words in the reading key, 
 testing the correctness of the work by referring to the 
 outlines in the reading exercise. 
 
 5. Write the word and phrase lists, and submit them 
 for examination. 
 
INTRODUCTION IX 
 
 Exercise. 
 
 6. Write and read alternately the corrected list of 
 words and phrases, taking one list at a time, and repeat 
 until the exercise becomes easy. 
 
 7. Write the writing exercise and read it from the 
 shorthand. Correct errors discovered, or rewrite, and 
 submit the work for examination. 
 
 Practice. 
 
 8. Practice the corrected exercise, writing each sen- 
 tence at first slowly and carefully, then more and more 
 rapidly, reading often to test the legibility of the writ- 
 ing. The whole exercise should then be written many 
 times, and read. 
 
 9. Write the review exercise belonging to the lesson 
 and read or transcribe it. When corrected, practice 
 writing and reading every sentence containing a correc- 
 tion. Practice the whole until it can be easily written 
 from dictation, and quickly and accurately read. 
 
 >'of e 1. The student should in each interval for study make 
 preparation on a new lesson, write an exercise, and practice 
 writing and reading preceding exercises and reviews, and the 
 words in the reading key. 
 
 Note 2. The lists of words, abbreviations and phrases are 
 most easily learned by alternately writing and reading. When 
 the same word appears under more than one principle, the stu- 
 dent is free to adopt the mode of writing it which he may prefer. 
 
 Noto 8. Remember that labor is lightened by patient and 
 thorough practice at each stage of progress. 
 
 Explanations. 
 
 The following signs are used to indicate the manner 
 of writing words : 
 
 i . Capital letters signify strokes two close together 
 indicating one stroke. 
 
y. INTRODUCTION 
 
 2. Small letters signify brief signs, or modifications 
 of strokes as to hooks or lengths. 
 
 3. The hyphen indicates that the parts represented 
 by the letters or groups so connected are to be joined. 
 
 4. The colon indicates a small space between the 
 parts. 
 
 5. The cross signifies that the sign following it is to 
 be written across that preceding it. 
 
 6. The period indicates a dot, for con- or -ing. 
 
 7. Italic letters for diphthongs, or coalescents, indi- 
 cate that their signs are to be written ; vowels to be 
 written have the diacritical markings. 
 
 8. The figures 1,2, and 3, placed after words or let- 
 ters, indicate the first, second, and third positions, re- 
 spectively. 
 
 9. R, L, or SH (heavy) indicates the unusual direction 
 of the stroke. 
 
 10. The enclosing of a part of a phrase in paren- 
 theses indicates that that part is to be omitted in writing 
 the phrase-outline. 
 
 ri. Between words, the hyphen indicates a phrase- 
 outline; between syllables it (i) suggests the best short- 
 hand form; (2) shows that two. or more forms of the 
 word have the same outline. 
 
 12. Poid. toid, etc. indicate small dashes or ticks in 
 the direction of p, t, etc., respectively. 
 
 13. References by numbers alone are to paragraphs. 
 
CONSONANTS 
 
 SIGN. 
 
 DIRECTION. 
 
 NAME. 
 
 SOUND. 
 
 LETTER. 
 
 \ 
 
 downward 
 
 pe 
 
 /ay 
 
 P 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 be 
 
 
 B 
 
 1 
 
 " 
 
 te 
 
 /ea 
 
 T 
 
 1 
 
 4 1 
 
 de 
 
 a?ay 
 
 D 
 
 / 
 
 11 
 
 chay 
 
 che\v 
 
 CH 
 
 / 
 
 k( 
 
 jay 
 
 JJ 
 
 J 
 
 
 
 left to right 
 
 kay 
 
 key 
 
 K 
 
 
 
 " 
 
 gay 
 
 g*y 
 
 G (hard) 
 
 v_ 
 
 downward 
 
 ef 
 
 yay 
 
 F 
 
 V. 
 
 u 
 
 ve 
 
 view 
 
 V 
 
 ( 
 
 u 
 
 ith 
 
 myth 
 
 TH 
 
 ( 
 
 (t 
 
 the 
 
 the 
 
 DH 
 
 ) 
 
 u 
 
 es 
 
 see 
 
 S 
 
 ) 
 
 " 
 
 ze 
 
 *eal 
 
 z 
 
 j 
 
 L upward 
 
 is/i 
 shay 
 
 show "1 
 fij// J 
 
 SH 
 
 j 
 
 downward 
 
 zhe 
 
 azure 
 
 ZH 
 
 r 
 
 /upward 
 L down ward 
 
 lay 
 el 
 
 /ay 1 
 fue/ J 
 
 L 
 
 x-> 
 
 left to right 
 
 em 
 
 way 
 
 M 
 
 v_ 
 
 " 
 
 en 
 
 wo 
 
 N 
 
 <^ 
 
 u 
 
 ing 
 
 si//^" 
 
 NG 
 
 / 
 
 upward 
 
 ray 
 
 ray ^ 
 
 R 
 
 IN 
 
 downward 
 
 ar 
 
 far J 
 
 
 -> 
 
 " 
 
 way 
 
 tray 
 
 W 
 
 r 
 
 " 
 
 yay 
 
 _yea 
 
 Y 
 
 -X 
 
 upward 
 
 hay 
 
 >^ay 
 
 H 
 
 Note. All names which are different from those in the ordi- 
 nary longhand or printed alphabet are italicized above. The 
 ordinary names for these letters must never be used, as they 
 are unsuggestive or misleading. 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Consonant Signs and Word Outlines i 
 
 Abbreviation g 
 
 Phrasing 10 
 
 Con-, -Ing and Emp 13 
 
 Vowels i j 5 
 
 Diphthongs 24 
 
 Position for Consonant Signs 27 
 
 Vowel and Consonant Combinations 32 
 
 I-Phrases 35 
 
 The- and A-Phrases 37 
 
 Upward and Downward Strokes for L, R, and SH 40 
 
 Conflicting Words 50 
 
 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 The Small Circle, Iss 55 
 
 The Large Circle, Ses 68 
 
 The Small Loop, Steh 72 
 
 The Circle for st 75 
 
 The Large Loop, Ster 75 
 
 Semicircles W and Y 78 
 
 Semicircles in Vowel Positions 82 
 
 Enlarged Semicircles 86 
 
 Brief Signs for H ' 89 
 
 Use of Strokes for Consonants having Brief Signs 92 
 
 Conflicting Words 97 
 
 LENGTHS 
 
 Half-Lengths 103 
 
 Use of Strokes for T and D 117 
 
 The -Ed-Tick 117 
 
 xiii 
 
XIV CONTENTS 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Double Lengths 121 
 
 The -Ther-Tick 125 
 
 Conflicting Words 128 
 
 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 L-Hook 135 
 
 R-Hook 142 
 
 Intermediate Vowels 155 
 
 In-Hook 165 
 
 Wide Initial Hooks 168 
 
 Use of Strokes for L and R 172 
 
 Conflicting Words 175 
 
 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 N-Hook 183 
 
 F-Hook 217 
 
 Use of Strokes for N and F 226 
 
 Shon-Hook 229 
 
 Eshon-Hook 241 
 
 Tiv-Hook 245 
 
 Conflicting Words 249 
 
 PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 
 
 Prefix Signs 257 
 
 Affix Signs 267 
 
 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS AND TECHNICAL LANGUAGE. 
 
 General Review of Difficult Principles 279 
 
 Principles of Abbreviation 282 
 
 Punctuation and Other Marks 293 
 
 Reporting Expedients 297 
 
 Technical Language 301 
 
 Law 304 
 
 Religion 312 
 
 Key to Reading Exercises 3 2 
 
 Abbreviation and Position, Alphabetical List 345 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 FOR 
 
 CONSONANT AND VOWEL SOUNDS 
 
 LESSONS I XXVII 
 
LESSON I 
 Consonant Signs, First Grpup 
 
 1. The principles taught in these lessons are based 
 upon the sounds and the natural groupings of sounds 
 heard in the spoken language. Each sign, or modifica- 
 tion of a sign, represents a sound. Silent letters are not 
 represented. Words should be analyzed by sound, 
 thus: rough, r-u-f. The signs for the consonant sounds 
 are straight and curved lines written in different direc- 
 tions, about one-sixth of an inch in length. The follow- 
 ing diagrams show the strokes which f^\ r\/\ 
 
 are employed and 'their directions: xjx X_y 
 
 The curves, as well as the straight lines, are described 
 as vertical, horizontal or inclined, according to their gen- 
 eral direction. 
 
 2. The signs in the first and second lessons are placed 
 in pairs, because those in each pair represent sounds 
 made with the organs of speech in the same position, 
 the difference being that the light sign represents a whis- 
 pered sound and the heavy sign a vocal sound. 
 
 3. First group. 
 
 Note. In practice, attention is required to the position, di- 
 rection, shading, and length of each sign. The sign should be 
 named as it is written. Note especially the italicized names. 
 
 SIGN. DIRECTION. SOUND. NAME. 
 
 \\ Downward p b pe be 
 
 || " t d te de 
 
 " ch j chay jay 
 
 Left to right k g kay gay 
 
2 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 4. Consonant signs are joined to form word-outlines 
 by commencing each following sign where the preceding 
 
 one ends, without lifting the pen, thus: U - tobacco. 
 
 5. The first vertical or slanting stroke should rest on 
 
 the line thus: ^ L_ but when N or XG follows a 
 
 down stroke or M, the latter should end just before 
 reaching the line, so that the curve may rest on the line, 
 thus: 
 
 V . V 
 
 Exercise I. 
 
 Name the strokes in each outline, then give their 
 sounds, and think of some word for which the outline 
 may stand. The words in Reading Key i for these out- 
 lines, are legible without vowels. 
 
 \\ A III! //. 
 
 Copy many times, naming the strokes and then the word. 
 
 Write the following words once carefully, referring 
 to paragraphs 4 and 5. After correction practice many 
 times, 
 deep 
 cheap 
 duty 
 back 
 Peck 
 Beck 
 
 6. Words having but one consonant are, of course,, 
 represented by one stroke : 
 
 be do go up it day pay 
 
 Xote. Wand Y at the end of words are not consonants, and 
 are therefore not written in such words as day and pay above. 
 
 de-pe 
 
 teach 
 
 te-chay 
 
 check 
 
 chav-kay 
 
 chay-pe 
 
 beauty 
 
 be-te 
 
 book 
 
 be-kay 
 
 de-te 
 
 take 
 
 te-kay 
 
 beg 
 
 be-gay 
 
 be-kay 
 
 pipe 
 
 pe-pe 
 
 cake 
 
 kay-kay 
 
 pe-kay 
 
 pity 
 
 pe-te 
 
 dig 
 
 de-gay 
 
 be-kay 
 
 Dick 
 
 de-kay 
 
 Jack 
 
 jay-kav 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 3 
 
 7. The sign of capitalization, = , is usually placed 
 under proper names. 
 
 8. For a period, * or / is used. 
 
 Exercise 2. 
 
 Note. Only words legible without vocalization are given in 
 the first few writing exercises, the vowels being introduced 
 later. For example, the name "Carrie" (kay-ray) is clear with- 
 out vowels, while "Cora" needs the o, and does not appear in 
 the exercises until after the vowels are given. 
 
 Dig deep. Go back. Teach Beck. Do pity Dick. 
 Peck took it. Do take it back. Jack, do pay it up. 
 
 LESSON II 
 Consonant Signs, Second Group 
 
 9. Second Group. (See 2, and 3, note.) 
 
 SIGN. DIRECTION. SOUND. NAME. 
 
 V \^ downward f v ef ve 
 
 / ( th dh it/i dhe 
 
 \ \ s z es ze 
 
 J J " sh zh ish zhe 
 
 Note. The zh is sounded like the z in azure. 
 
 10. The inclined curves slant as if from one corner 
 of a square to the corner diagonally opposite. 
 
 Exercise j. 
 Read and copy many times. 
 
 . 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 See 4 and 5. (All references unless otherwise indi- 
 
 cated are to paragraphs.) 
 
 faith 
 
 ef-ith 
 
 ask 
 
 es-kay ship ish-pe 
 
 push 
 fife 
 
 pe-ish 
 ef-ef 
 
 aside 
 shake 
 
 es-de 
 ish-kay 
 
 path 
 both 
 
 pe-ith 
 
 be-ith 
 
 shop 
 thieve 
 
 ish-pe 
 ith-ve 
 
 death de-ith shove ish-ve Fido ef-de 
 
 thick ith-kay 
 
 thief ith-ef 
 
 shadow ish-de 
 
 sheathe ish-dhe 
 
 See 6 and note. 
 
 they so say saw show 
 
 Exercise 4. 
 
 They dig deep. They take back both. They push 
 Fido aside. They show Dick both sheep. So they 
 shove it aside. They saw Jack ship it. 
 
 LESSON III 
 
 Consonant Signs, Third Group 
 
 n. Third Group. (See 3, note.) Note which 
 strokes are upward. 
 
 SIGX. DIRECTION. SOUXD. NAME. 
 
 upward 
 
 1 
 
 lay 
 
 left to right 
 
 in 
 
 em 
 
 (i 
 
 n 
 
 en 
 
 1 1 
 
 "g 
 
 ing 
 
 upward 
 
 r 
 
 ray 
 
 ~x downward w way 
 
 f " y yay 
 
 S' upward h ha\ 
 
 Note. Observe that ray slants more than chay, and is made 
 upward, while chay is made downward. 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 12. Outlines may have three or more strokes; care 
 must be taken to make them of equal length. (See 5.) 
 
 Exercise j. 
 
 KL 
 
 
 1 
 
 Laura 
 
 ( 
 
 lay-ray 
 
 ring 
 
 V 
 
 ray-ing 
 
 / 
 jury 
 
 jay-ray 
 
 lily 
 
 lay-lay 
 
 like 
 
 lay-kay 
 
 Dora 
 
 de-ray 
 
 name 
 
 en-em 
 
 below 
 
 be-lay 
 
 Elihu 
 
 lay-hay 
 
 Mary 
 
 em-ray 
 
 Tom 
 
 te-em 
 
 Omaha 
 
 em-hay 
 
 delay 
 
 de-lay 
 
 rich 
 
 ray-chay 
 
 (See 
 
 5) 
 
 lady 
 
 lay-de 
 
 J iil y 
 
 jay-lay 
 
 China 
 
 ch ay-en 
 
 Julia 
 
 jay-lay 
 
 live 
 
 lay-ve 
 
 avenue 
 
 ve-en 
 
 life 
 
 lay-ef 
 
 Louis 
 
 lay-es 
 
 among 
 
 em-ing 
 
 make 
 
 em-kay 
 
 also 
 
 lay-es 
 
 money 
 
 em-en 
 
 See 
 
 6 and note. 
 
 no may 
 See 12. 
 
 way 
 
 hay 
 
 Ohio 
 
 are 
 
 memory bishop revive Timothy potato 
 rebuke botany variety chimney namely 
 vivify readily Toledo revenue period 
 
 13. See 7 and 8; if other marks are needed, those 
 in use in ordinary writing may be employed. 
 
6 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 14. Figures are used to represent numbers, except 
 for one when alone. 
 
 15. For 4th, i5th, etc., the figures alone are usually 
 sufficient ; the .TH stroke may, however, be placed close 
 to the number, beginning a little above it. 
 
 1 6. For dates in the present century, the first two 
 figures indicating the year may be omitted in the short- 
 hand. 
 
 Exercise 6. 
 
 Laura may like it also. Nora saw no thief. Louis 
 may take five sheep. Dora may teach Julia. Tom may 
 make no chimney. Timothy may rebuke Elihu. Dep- 
 uty King may take it. Mary may ask no fourth check. 
 Jennie may go into Ohio. 
 
 LESSON IV 
 Combinations Requiring Special Care 
 
 17. When a horizontal sign beginning an outline is 
 followed by a downward stroke, the first sign must be 
 written above the line (see 5). 
 
 keep mouth month inferior 
 
 move map Anthony monotony 
 
 inch meadow infamy monopoly 
 
 into mob kodak . monetary 
 
 18. A consonant or group of consonants having more 
 than one sound must be represented in shorthand by the 
 stroke which indicates its sound in the particular word 
 to be written. 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 C hard is written A': 
 come mimic 
 
 cake victim 
 
 comic factory 
 
 become Jacob 
 
 C soft is written 6": 
 Lacey juicy 
 
 C is often sounded like 
 oceanic Phoenicia 
 
 D sounded as T: 
 
 liked looked 
 
 G hard is written ^v/r: 
 
 game demagogue 
 
 peg enigma 
 keg fatigue 
 
 G soft is written J: 
 
 gem damage 
 
 page refuge 
 
 cage package 
 
 G sounded as ZH: 
 rouge regime 
 
 N is sounded as ^VG before 
 bank chink 
 
 tank shank 
 
 pink kink 
 
 S sounded as Z: 
 
 busy daisy 
 
 S sounded as SH or ZH: 
 nausea Russia 
 
 CH sounded as K: 
 chyme chemic 
 
 (See 17) 
 infect 
 cash 
 academy 
 
 Macy (17) 
 
 invoked 
 
 (See 17) navigate 
 gaiety 
 
 Gothic gaudy 
 
 agency ( I 7) manage 
 
 avenge magic 
 
 gypsy engage (X-G-J) 
 
 menagerie 
 
 K and sometimes before G: 
 
 rank Kankakee 
 
 rink Congo 
 
 mink kangaroo 
 
 easily cosy 
 
 Aspasia 
 
 conch chaos (17) 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 8 
 
 CH sounded as 
 
 Chicago charade chateau chapeau 
 
 Gh or Ph sounded as F\ 
 
 enough rough laugh nymph 
 
 X sounded K-S : 
 
 foxy Dixie 
 
 X sounded as Z : 
 
 Xenia 
 
 19. Double consonants which are sounded as one are 
 represented by one sign. 
 
 Harry borrow valley Rebecca 
 
 Jessie affect(ef-kay-te) arrange Bessie 
 
 narrow effect baggage Kelly 
 
 Fannie Jennie penny cabbage 
 
 20. Letters not sounded in pronunciation are omitted 
 in writing. 
 
 Hannah wrong right Matthew 
 
 know mighty write knock 
 
 thorough knife j ll d e pneumonia 
 
 catch fetch thumb talk 
 
 Exercise 7. 
 
 21. In shorthand the period is usually sufficient after 
 a question. 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 9 
 
 Exercise 8. 
 
 Jennie may move into Chicago. Harry may engage 
 Matthew. Make Jacob borrow enough cash. Fannie 
 may carry no baggage. May Judge Kelly be right? 
 Carrie may do Hannah no wrong. Laura may pay 
 enough money into bank. May Tom be thorough 
 enough? Busy Nannie may easily damage it. Louis 
 may readily keep Perry busy. 
 
 LESSON V 
 Abbreviation 
 
 22. For greater brevity of writing, many common 
 words are represented by only one of the signs indicat- 
 ing their sounds. 
 
 (Capital letters signify strokes two close together indicating 
 one stroke. DH indicates the shaded sign. Study the list of 
 words by alternately writing and reading.) 
 
 advantage J have V together G 
 
 along, long NG him M was Z 
 
 change-d CH shall SH which CH 
 
 company K them DH will L 
 
 for F think TH your Y 
 
 Note. Be careful to make "will" upward and light, and 
 "your" downward and shaded. 
 
 Exercise g. 
 
IO SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 Exercise 10. 
 
 (Words which have not been given in any of the lists are to 
 be written in full as to consonant sounds.) 
 
 Mary will fetch your knife. Which agency will your 
 company engage ? Will Lillie have no advantage ? Will 
 Hannah be husy long? Louis saw them go along Lake 
 avenue together. Jessie may think him wrong. Edith 
 shall make change for Kelly. Which map was for Car- 
 rie? Have your check changed into cash. 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Timothy will arrange for variety enough. Your com- 
 pany will engage him. Judge Denny will leave May- 
 hew no revenue. W T ill your Toledo factory have no 
 monopoly? Was your name beneath it? Matthew will 
 take no inferior rank among them. Your ship will reach 
 Lake Ontario July 15. Jack will think your Tennessee 
 company Iqoked into it. Both together shall check up 
 your cash book. Have them take, him along. 
 
 LESSON VI 
 Phrasing 
 
 23. The signs for two or more words which fre- 
 quently occur together in speech, may be joined to form 
 a phrase sign, provided the junction is easy. This adds 
 to legibility as well as to speed. 
 
 Note. No phrase outlines should be used at present, except- 
 ing those given in the phrase lists. 
 
 24. The first word of a phrase outline should be placed 
 in its proper position, thus: ^ shall be; -*=* 
 
 may they. 
 
 Note. Paragraph 5 is not contradictory to this. That rule 
 applies to words ; this to phrases. 
 

 
 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 11 
 
 
 
 Exercise n. 
 
 
 ^d 
 
 |_A_l_l 
 
 .-X-Aj-A 
 
 V. U L ) 
 
 
 ( 1 ( 
 
 
 i ^v)\ 
 
 J ( 
 
 LJ ( 
 
 ) /. //\ 
 
 Xt 
 
 v 
 
 C ) y 
 
 ) 
 
 ci 
 
 
 have it 
 
 for them 
 
 for him 
 
 
 for it 
 
 will be 
 
 they shall 
 
 
 was it 
 
 shall be 
 
 for which 
 
 
 are they 
 
 shall have 
 
 they say 
 
 
 do they 
 
 they have 
 
 for your 
 
 
 have they 
 
 which may 
 
 it was 
 
 
 may they 
 
 it may 
 
 which was 
 
 
 will they 
 
 it may have 
 
 they may 
 
 Note. Lists of words and phrases are most easily learned by 
 alternately writing and reading. 
 
 Exercise 12, 
 Note. Hyphens between words indicate phrased outlines. 
 
 They-may ask for-it. They-say they-have no book 
 \vhich-may-do for-him. Will-they pay for-your hay? 
 Are-they ready for-them? Do-they have-your fife? 
 Was-it your baggage for-which they came? It-may- 
 have become rough. May-they say your cash shall-be 
 ready? It-was your map which-was wrong. They- 
 shnll have-it changed. Both shall-have depth enough. 
 Have-they no faith ? No refuge will-be ready. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Do-they sav it-may revive your memory ? They-think 
 it-was no advantage, for-your theory was wrong. Your 
 company mav-have him ship pipe into Omaha for-them. 
 They-say Judge Wright shall-have no advantage which- 
 mav delay them. They-have long looked for-it together. 
 Was-it your factory below Chicago? Your name shall- 
 be among them. No mob will keep together long. 
 
12 
 
 SIMPLE SIGN'S 
 
 LESSON VII 
 Abbreviation Two or More Strokes 
 
 25. Some common words whose full outlines are 
 long, are represented by two or more only of the signs 
 which indicate their sounds. 
 
 Note. The hyphen indicates the joining of strokes. 
 
 management M-N-J 
 manufacture M-N-F 
 engagement N-G-J 
 
 New Hampshire N-H 
 knowledge N-J 
 
 before 
 
 public 
 
 publish 
 
 publisher 
 
 January 
 
 advantageous-ly 
 
 acknowledgement 
 
 February 
 
 forever 
 
 familiar-ly-ity 
 
 especial-ly 
 
 help 
 
 legislature 
 
 B-F 
 
 P-B 
 
 P-B 
 
 P-B-R 
 
 J-N 
 
 J-s 
 
 K-J 
 
 F-B 
 
 F-V 
 
 F-M 
 
 S-P 
 
 L-P 
 
 neglect 
 
 never 
 
 New York 
 
 nothing 
 
 November 
 
 English 
 
 represent 
 
 arrangement 
 
 N-G 
 
 X-V 
 
 N-Y 
 
 X-TH 
 
 N-V 
 
 NG-SH 
 
 R-P 
 
 R-X-J 
 
 Exercise 
 
 Exercise 14. 
 
 Will Harry represent your New York publisher? 
 Will Jack never have enough knowledge? Matthew 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 13 
 
 will help him manufacture them. Will your advanta- 
 geous New Hampshire arrangement become public be- 
 fore February? Will your English company make no 
 engagement before January ? They never will acknowl- 
 edge it. Will your legislature forever neglect your man- 
 agement ? They-may publish nothing before November. 
 Your name was especially familiar. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Note. To prepare for any review exercise, the words, abbre- 
 viations and phrases of the lesson containing it should be well 
 learned, and the italicized words, which are abbreviations from 
 preceding lessons, should be practiced. All abbreviations may 
 be found in the alphabetical list at the end of the book. 
 
 No English jury tvill judge him your victim. Bishop 
 Mayhew shall deny your management no advantage, 
 Anthony shall help him avenge your wrong. They-say 
 magic will effect nothing. Your management may 
 change mutiny into victory. Are-they especially liked 
 among them? Ask him for-iuhich agency they-shall 
 manufacture. Will-they look for-them along no famil- 
 iar avenue ? They acknowledge it-was your manage- 
 ment which-was changed so advantageously. They-may 
 make no public acknowledgment. 
 
 LESSON VIII 
 Abbreviation Con- and -ing; Emp. 
 
 26. A dot at the beginning of an outline represents 
 the prefix con- or com- (double n or m being counted as 
 one letter), thus: 
 
 V^ convey con-demn con-tinue 
 
 commit comm-unity comm-entary 
 
14 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 27. A dot at the end of an outline represents the 
 affix -ing, thus : 
 
 paying \ having V. coming - "~^- 
 taking helping writing 
 
 moving willing judging 
 
 saying doing representing 
 
 28. Shading M adds p or b. The name of the shaded 
 ]\f \sem-p; its sign is MP. Example: \, s pump 
 
 jump camp lamp damp 
 
 Abbreviation may be, MP. 
 
 Phrasing it may be, they may be, which may be. 
 
 Exercise 75. 
 
 Exercise 16. 
 
 No committee may-be ready. They-may condemn 
 him for saying it. Mary may continue writing. Jessie 
 was carrying "your lamp. Harry may-be going into 
 camp before November. They-have no pump. Louis 
 may-be judging nothing rightly. Have-they no rope 
 which-may-be long enough? It-may-be no familiar ar- 
 rangement. They-may-be neglecting your community. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Your knowledge may-be helping your publisher. 
 Neglect nothing ivhich-ma.y-be for-youv advantage. 
 Fannie may-be leaving New York before February. 
 No legislature will condemn your management. Thev- 
 mnv-be acknowledging no public engagement. No 
 New Hampshire jury will convict him. Your commit- 
 tee may continue asking for-your acknowledgment. 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 15 
 
 They-think it-may-be moving along your avenue. 
 Thev-think your memory will reach back into no period 
 before your shipwreck. They continue moving along 
 your familiar valley road. 
 
 LESSON IX 
 Vowels 
 
 29. Vowel sounds are represented by heavy and light 
 dots and dashes placed in three positions beside the con- 
 sonant signs. Each sign in a given position represents 
 but one sound. The sound of each vowel is also its 
 name. 
 
 30. The stroke T is used in the following table to 
 show the placing of the vowels ; they are placed beside 
 all the other consonants in the same manner. 
 
 Note. The vowel signs given in this and following lessons 
 are all that are needed in practical use, because the other sounds 
 resemble those given so nearly as to be represented with suffi- 
 cient clearness by the same signs. For example, in ask the a 
 can be represented by d ; \nfir, term and urn the vowel can be 
 represented by a ; in fair the a can be represented by a, etc. 
 The markings of letters are those used in Webster's Dictionary,, 
 
 VOWEL TABLE. 
 
 i st position. 2d position. jd position. 
 
 long I' I _ 
 
 (heavy) I e as in i ee I a as m ma y ! a as in alms 
 
 
 short 1 . J' I w 
 
 (light) I ! as in lt: I e as in egg -I a as in at 
 
 . long i- i' _ I 
 
 o (heavy) | a as in all |- o as in go |_ oo as in coo 
 
 short -i c i i 
 
 (light) I o as in of ~j ii as in up _| do as in book 
 
1 6 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 31. Dash vowel directions: 
 
 Dash vowels are struck at right angles to the part of 
 the consonant stroke beside which they are placed, thus: 
 
 v* E 
 
 Note. In reading the following words, be careful to give 
 each vowel sign the exact sound shown for it in the vowel ta- 
 ble. Copy each line many times, naming each stroke and vowel 
 and then naming the word. Refer to the table constantly^ It 
 is not necessary to memorize the vowels at this point. 
 
 32. Vowel positions: 
 
 a. First position is at the beginning of the stroke. 
 
 b. Second position is at the middle of the stroke. 
 
 f\^\/ >LA S~J\ ^/ 
 
 ^ I \ - ; - ' x X / - I I -- * X^- - x I ^/^ \ - ' -v S 
 
 c. Third position is at the end of the stroke. 
 
 33. Vowel relations: 
 
 a. Before a consonant is at the left of a vertical or 
 slanting stroke, or above a horizontal. 
 
 "<_A ^-( X . .. 
 
 b. After a consonant is at the right of a vertical or 
 slanting stroke, or below a horizontal. 
 
 = ' i 
 
 34. Rules for the placing of vowels between strokes : 
 a. All first-place vowels are written after the first 
 stroke . 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 b. Second-place vowels: 
 
 The long ones, a and o, are written after the first 
 stroke. 
 
 The short ones, e and ii, are written before the 
 second stroke. 
 
 c. All third-place vowels are written before the sec- 
 ond stroke. 
 
 LESSON X 
 First Place Dot Vowels 
 
 Exercise 17. 
 
 :z 
 
 Note. Where two or more vowels occur, the accented one 
 is usually sufficient. In cases where an unaccented vowel is 
 needed, the fact is indicated in the lists by the diacritical 
 markings or italicizing. 
 
 (33) 
 
 Eva 
 
 ill 
 inn 
 eat 
 easy 
 
 TAYLOR 2. 
 
 (34) 
 tea teach Millie 
 
 key ditch deep 
 
 fee theme dip 
 
 Lee thick team 
 
 sea Amelia dim 
 
1 8 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 ABBREVIATION. 
 
 the, (the e dot, written alone). 
 
 Exercise 18. 
 Note. Place vowels only where needed for legibility. 
 
 The thief will keep the key. Lizzie will leave Italy 
 before Lee. Teaching was easy for Milly. Enoch will 
 deem it cheap enough. Edith will say the ink was dim. 
 Minnie will ring for-your tea. The team was going 
 along before Dick. Eva never was ill. The ship was 
 going into deep sea. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Dick will ship the image January 4tli. Lillie -was 
 leaving Italy forever. The Kankakee Company will 
 keep the committee busy. The enigma was easv for 
 Kittie. The king will pity the living. Jim will make 
 no advantageous arrangement for digging your ditch. 
 The Xenia Company will never publish it. Lizzie may 
 keep the pink lily. Timothy may think they mimic 
 him. Eva saw Millie pick up the ring. 
 
 LESSON XI 
 
 Second-Place Dot Vowels 
 Exercise ig. 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 19 
 
 (33) (33^) (34*) 
 
 aid day Beck merry 
 
 age hay rake lame 
 
 aim pay wreck Lem 
 
 ale gay Carey Lacey 
 
 ache weigh bake lessee 
 
 ABBREVIATION. 
 
 . a or an, (the a clot, written alone). 
 Exercise 20. 
 
 Ed will weigh the hay. Amy will bake a cake for 
 May. Beck will-have no aim. Denny wiil empty the 
 keg. Emily was begging Lettie for-it. Denny may 
 envy Kelly the fame. Lacey may become the lessee. 
 A wreck may delay them. Bessie will pick a red daisy 
 for Mamie. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Edna may show Effie the essay which Macy will pub- 
 lish. An enemy may make them vacate before January. 
 It may-be page 90 will show Ray the death rate. A New 
 fork publisher will engage Jacob. Emily vVill lay the 
 English penny beneath your check. Which way was 
 Jamie going 'along Lake Geneva ? They name a famil- 
 iar New Hampshire agency which-may especially rep- 
 resent them. Amy will forever think begging a shame. 
 
20 
 
 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 LESSON XII 
 
 Third-Place Dot Vowels 
 Exercise 21. 
 
 (33) 
 
 (33*) 
 
 (340 
 
 Adam 
 
 pa 
 
 calm palm 
 
 add 
 
 ma 
 
 camp attach 
 
 acid 
 
 Anna 
 
 back Cassie 
 
 atom 
 
 papa 
 
 lack Maggie 
 
 attic 
 
 mamma 
 
 Mattie lamp 
 
 ABBREVIATION. 
 
 - and, (the a dot, written alone). 
 
 Exercise 22. 
 
 Mamma will calm Cassie. Anna will take Maggie 
 the big palm. Fannie will add it for papa. Mattie and 
 Caddie may lack the cash. Jack will catch him and 
 fetch him back. Abbie will carry the lamp. May 
 Addie go into your attic? Nannie will attach the map. 
 Adam and Emma may carry the baggage. Harriet and 
 Hannah will show Harry the path. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 The legislature may-be condemning your asylum man- 
 agement. The. committee may think no change advan- 
 tageous. It-may-be Jack will represent an English 
 company. Wrap the lamp and leave it for Carrie. They 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 21 
 
 acknowledge it-was neglect^ and ask no pay. A JVe-w 
 York judge and jury may convict and condemn him. 
 They-may-be conveying no commodity into Ohio. The 
 New York legislature may come together before No- 
 vember. 
 
 LESSON XIII 
 
 First-Place Dash Vowels 
 
 Exercise 2. 
 
 \ \y*\ i )'/yTV_ r~/^\ /\ \ A 
 
 Vt _A ^>rL^-TL 
 
 \ 
 
 
 / 
 
 = 
 
 x^ C ^X 
 
 ^_^ 
 
 \ ~ 
 
 "~1 / 
 
 ) 1 
 
 
 L 
 
 1 = 
 
 (33) 
 
 (33-5) 
 
 (34 
 
 ) 
 
 awl 
 
 thaw 
 
 Maudie 
 
 copy 
 
 Olive 
 
 saw 
 
 Johnnie 
 
 talk 
 
 odd 
 
 gnaw 
 
 Raleigh 
 
 lodge 
 
 opera 
 
 raw 
 
 Lottie 
 
 haughty 
 
 off 
 
 law 
 
 'chalk 
 
 top 
 
 ABBREVIATION. 
 
 Note. Because of their resemblance to stroke consonants, 
 the dashes have been named according to their direction : boid, 
 doid, etc. 
 
 (aw written alone in different di- 
 rections) boid, doid, joid. 
 
 (6 written alone in different di- 
 rections) poid, toid, choid. 
 
 Note. Let these signs be thoroughly memorized (by alter- 
 nately writing and reading in mixed order) before the following 
 exercise is written. 
 
22 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 Exercise 24, 
 
 May Johnnie borrow your chalk? Was Mauclie or 
 Lottie taking botany? Olive never liked your haughty 
 way. Will Raleigh of Ithaca be your nominee ? Lottie 
 will copy the essay before lodge. Will-they do all they 
 ought? Have-they no awe of Judge Hawley? Will- 
 they-do aught for Laura? Do-they all like the opera? 
 They leave on January 15. Tom was asking for-your 
 awl. (Write awl in full, not like all.) 
 REVIEW. 
 
 T\\c\-may-be all coming back off the ship. The com- 
 mittee may-have no especial awe of New Hampshire 
 law. Do-they say aught of convicting him of neglect? 
 On knocking they-saw the shop was locked. The ar- 
 rangement will never be, or will continue forever. 
 Johnnie was .mocking them all, and never helping. 
 The management will publish nothing on February 
 22nd, or July 4th. Tom saw it-was thawing and 
 wrought busily. Polly was talking all for nothing. 
 
 LESSON XIV 
 
 Second-Place Dash Vowels 
 
 Exercise 2j. 
 
 A. k^C- 
 
 ;k 
 
 (33) 
 
 "(33*) 
 
 (3V') 
 
 oath 
 
 low 
 
 road love 
 
 oak 
 
 Joe 
 
 nit comb 
 
 up 
 
 hoe 
 
 dome gum 
 
 ode 
 
 foe 
 
 dumb touch 
 
 opaque 
 
 woe 
 
 loaf cup 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 23 
 
 ABBREVIATION. 
 
 L- oh, owe (o written alone like D, cloid). 
 l but (ii written alone like T, toid). 
 
 Exercise 26. 
 
 Show Cora your big oak. Do-they owe him money? 
 They owe him, but will never pay. Will Nora make it 
 low enough ? It-was no joke for-them both. Rowe will 
 have all but five ready. They-have rung for-your cup 
 of coffee. Oh, help them evade the foe! 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 \\-may-be Joe will take no oath. All but three are 
 owing him also. Will-they be back, or are-they leav- 
 ing him forever '? Oh, leave them all and come. Dora 
 was going along the road. They-have no awe of him. 
 Will the kodak be for Murray, or for Nora? The lake 
 was so rough. The path may become a public road. 
 
 LESSON XV 
 
 Third-Place Dash Vowels 
 
 Exercise 
 
 1 
 
 n = x= ! 
 
 'isr 
 
 3dj 
 
 V 
 
 (33") (33^) (34O 
 
 ooze shoe move nook 
 
 oolitic Lou push Booth 
 
 rue loom cook 
 
 canoe look loop 
 
 do doom book 
 
24 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 ABBREVIATION. 
 
 Note. Third-place dashes used as word-signs are written on 
 the line. 
 
 v too (oo written alone, like B, boid). 
 
 * to (do written alone, like P, poid). 
 
 i who, whom (oo written alone, like J, joid). 
 
 , should (do written alone, like CH, choid). 
 
 Exercise 28. 
 
 Booth will carry him your shoe. Who took the canoe ? 
 It-may-be your doom also. Booth will move your loom. 
 The cook will look for-them too. They took the book to 
 Ruth. Lou should move to Chicago. The honey was 
 for whom? To whom should Ruth take your book? 
 Who ought to ask Lulu ? 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Booth may make no arrangement to represent them 
 before November. The community may-be too busy to 
 think of doing atight for-him. O/i, they delay too long 
 to effect the change. Who took the long public road to 
 Kokomo? Should all bzit Nora be gay? Should the 
 English publisher make no change before November? 
 They-may-be willing to represent him. To whom will 
 the public owe it all ? 
 
 LESSON XVI 
 Diphthongs 
 
 35. The diphthongs z, ot, ow and etv are represented 
 by the signs given below, placed in the first and third 
 positions. (Observe that upon analysis I is found to be 
 a diphthong composed of the sounds a'-i). 
 
 |V |> 
 
 First position, I as in tie | ; oi as in toy | 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 2 5 
 
 Third position, ow as in bow \A ; ew as in fewV<: 
 
 36. For i beginning a word, the sign may usually be 
 written first and joined to the consonant, thus: ) ice. 
 
 37. Where two vowels are sounded before or after a 
 single consonant, the one sounded nearer the consonant 
 
 is placed closer to the stroke than the other, thus: |~ 
 doughy. 
 
 38. When two vowels come between strokes and both 
 are written, one is placed to each stroke, thus:^ Joab. 
 
 39. When a vowel immediately follows a diphthong, 
 its presence may be indicated by a small tick joined to the 
 
 diphthong sign, thus: /CH riot. 
 
 Exercise 2Q. 
 
 (34) 
 
 type 
 
 life 
 
 knife 
 
 ripe 
 
 lime 
 
 Elijah 
 
26 
 
 SIMPLE SK.VS 
 
 Dinah couch (37) (3) (39) loyal 
 
 Myra Downey Noah Bowen Elias Ryan 
 
 voyage beauty payee poem Jewess towel 
 
 (34*:) Luke Leo poet Maria Powell 
 
 vouch duty showy Lowell Josiah diet 
 
 mouth assume dewy 
 
 Boyer riot 
 
 ABBREVIATION. 
 
 I, eye, high, aye. 
 
 ^_ how (half the ow sign). 
 
 Exercise jo. 
 
 Isaac will carry the knife to Levi. I ask, Are your 
 eyes dim? The dime was lying beneath your muff. 
 Ask Ida which item was right. Will the boy Eli go 
 for oil? How will Elijah like the voyage? Ought 
 Luke or I to assume it ail? Howe will vouch for-it. 
 The sheep are going into your dewy meadow. How 
 will-they make Noah Jewett the payee? I took nothing 
 to Leo or Joab. Maria and Julia liked nothing showy. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Will the rye be ripe before July? How was Josiah 
 annoying Powell? I take the few sheep -which came 
 into view. Bowen will leave a life annuity to Ryan. I 
 keep Elias loyal to New Hampshire. Will Myra have 
 knowledge enough to represent them ? How will Hugh 
 think it your duty to sue Roy? The ivy may-have no 
 beauty. Dinah saw Levi catch an owl. Boyer may 
 vow to write the ode. The name of poet was no joy to 
 Leo. Downey will tie the rope for Guy. 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 27 
 
 LESSON XVII 
 Position for Consonant Signs 
 
 40. Many common words of like consonant outlines 
 are distinguished from each other without the use of 
 vowels, by giving them different positions in relation to 
 the line of writing. 
 
 Note. A space in shorthand is the height of a vertical con- 
 sonant-sign. 
 
 41. The positions are : 
 
 First position For vertical and inclined strokes, 
 half a space above the line ; 
 for horizontal strokes, a full 
 space above, thus: 
 
 \ 
 
 Second position For all strokes, on the line. 
 
 Third position For vertical or inclined strokes, 
 through the line ; for horizon- 
 tal strokes, just under the line, 
 tnus : \ I / ^ I > 
 
 42. The words to be distinguished are usually writ- 
 ten in the positions indicated by the vowels, thus: see, 
 first position; say, second position; use, third position. 
 This rule is nearly invariable. A few o and u words 
 are given the third position, and a few e words take the 
 first. 
 
 43. Where the words to be distinguished have vowels 
 of the same position, preference is usually given to the 
 long vowel, thus: each, first position; which, second 
 position. 
 
28 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 44. In cases where there is no conflict with other 
 words, outlines are placed on the line regardless of 
 vowels, because that position is the most convenient. 
 Also, for the same reason, the second position is given 
 to the commonest of several words though none may 
 have a second-place vowel. Some second position 
 words have already been given, in Lessons V and VII. 
 
 Note. The figures indicate positions. The period (as after 
 the word common below) indicates the corn-dot. 
 
 ago 3 each i own 3 
 
 allow 3 if i see i 
 
 any i in i she I 
 
 at 3 issue 3 . though 3 
 
 away 3 me i us 3 
 
 by, buy i my i use 3 
 
 common (.N) i out 3 uge 3 
 
 45. In placing outlines of two or more consonants in 
 position, the first vertical or inclined stroke takes the posi- 
 tion indicated for the word, thus: . 1= 1 
 
 delay 2 duly 3 outlay 3 power 3 
 
 46. Nearly all full outlines are written on the line ; 
 they are placed in the first or third position only when 
 it is more convenient to distinguish them by position 
 than by vowels. Words of a single horizontal stroke 
 with first-position vowels, may be placed above the line 
 even if the vowel is written. This is not necessary, 
 however. 
 
 In the following lessons, the words which must be 
 written in the first or third position are placed in the 
 lists under Abbreviation and Position* 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 2 9 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 See the rule of position for phrases, paragraph 24. 
 Make all the signs of equal length. 
 
 by which 
 if any 
 if so 
 
 in your 
 in my 
 in which 
 
 .->- 
 
 Exercise 31. 
 
 Exercise 32. 
 
 Each company will duly issue a check to me. Money 
 was in common use long ago. She-was allowing him to 
 use my book, in-which was my map. They see no ad- 
 vantage in-it by-which they-may make money in-any- 
 way. She will pay for-it, though she-may-have no use 
 for-it. If-they own they-have any power, ask them to 
 use it. It-may delay us if Bowen should take them 
 away in-your ship. Will-they buy him out in-my name? 
 If-so, ask them to write me at New York. 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Which engagement, if-any, will Elihu keep in Feb- 
 ruary? Allow them each to see us any day at five. She- 
 m ay-go away by seven on November 3. They-have no 
 power to carry out any. common aim. By-which path 
 should she go to reach the road to Dubuque ? Though 
 she-was using my kno^vledge, she-was allowing me 
 nothing for-it in-any-way. They own she-was owing 
 Matthew long ago. Will-they have power to issue a 
 check for my use? If-so, will-they duly write me? If- 
 they make any outlay which-may-be of advantage, hoiv 
 shall Joab repay them? She-may-be rebuking him for 
 making Leo the payee. 
 
 LESSON XVIII 
 
 Abbreviation and Position 
 
 Note. The period (as in the outline for book-keeping below) 
 indicates ing. 
 
 happy P 3 
 
 enlarge- 
 
 impor- 
 
 unhappy 
 
 ment (45) N-J 3 
 
 tance MP i 
 
 (See 4 5)N-P 3 
 
 give-n G i 
 
 unimpor- 
 
 hope P 3 
 
 ever V i 
 
 tant N-MPi 
 
 to be B 3 
 
 fact F 3 
 
 improve-d MP 2 
 
 time T i 
 
 average 
 
 improve- 
 
 timely T-L I 
 
 (45) V-J 3 
 
 ment MP 2 
 
 dollar-s D I 
 
 thank TH 3 
 
 unim- 
 
 had D 3 
 
 thousand Til 3 
 
 proved N-MP 2 
 
 advertise- 
 
 wish SI I i 
 
 home M3 
 
 ment D 3 
 
 usual-ly ZII 3 
 
 England NG i 
 
 charge CH 3 
 
 unusual- 
 
 thing NG I 
 
 much CH 3 
 
 ly( 45 ) N-ZH-3 
 
 anything X-NG I 
 
 terge J 3 
 
 importantMP i 
 
 language NG 3 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 young NG 3 
 length NG- 
 (45) TH 3 
 
 at any time 
 
 at home 
 
 at which time 
 
 whole L 3 
 wholly L 3 
 why W i 
 
 PHRASIXG. 
 
 (See 24.) 
 
 had they 
 have had 
 she had 
 
 Exercise jj. 
 
 book- 
 keeping B-K-P. 
 
 they had 
 which had 
 thousand dollars 
 
 / / 
 
 > 
 
 Exercise 34. 
 
 She-may come in January, at-which-time they hope 
 to-be at-home. She-had given us no fact which-had 
 anything of unusual importance in-it. Ask them if-they 
 have-had my language book at-any-time. They-had en- 
 larged and wholly improved the home by $2,000 outlay. 
 Had-they ever had much time for improvement in book- 
 keeping? Mayhew will thank me for giving Myer the 
 five dollar check for advertising. Why do-they wish to 
 keep an average of two thousand sheep? Though usu- 
 ally taking mv whole time, they-think it unimportant to 
 pay the charge for-it. The large improvement of knife 
 manufacture in England was no important thing to Levi. 
 She-was unhappy if any length of time was unimproved. 
 
32 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 The timely coming of young Bailey will make them 
 happy. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 They usually improve at-home the time z'-which they- 
 have no important engagement. They thank us for any- 
 thing which-may-be given them. The company had no 
 wish for unusual power, but was hoping by advertise- 
 ment to reach average importance. An enlargement of 
 income to three dollars a day for book-keeping was no 
 unimportant fact to young Hiatt. She-had to pay the 
 whole $3,000 to keep the home they-had in England. 
 She-may-be willing to buy nothing on any unimproved 
 avenue. A thousand-dollars was no large charge for so 
 important and timely an improvement. Was any im- 
 portant thing in-your charge on January 5, at-which- 
 time the committee took up the management ? 
 
 LESSON XIX 
 
 Vowel and Consonant Combinations. 
 
 47. Words and phrases are often represented by a 
 combination of consonant and vowel signs. 
 
 idea ideal Ida Isaac Iowa 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION'. 
 
 Note. Where a second form is given for a word (as for to- 
 gether below), the choice is left to the student. 
 
 already all-R-D i knew N-choid (half ew) 
 
 although all-DH 3 new N-choid 
 
 altogether all G i renew R new 
 
 height i-T newly new-L 
 
 highway i W now N-poid (half ow) 
 
 highly (poid) i-L I object o-B 
 
 however (roid) how V to-day to D 
 
 idea i-D together to-G (or G 2) 
 
 Iowa i-\V to-morrow to-M-R 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 33 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 Observe the rule of position, paragraph 24. 
 of me my to him who was 
 
 to do to them who had 
 
 to do so to which who may 
 
 to go to your who may be 
 
 to have too much ought (to) be 
 
 Xote. An enclosed word, as to in "ought (to) be" above, is 
 to be omitted in the phrase outline. 
 
 48. Uow, on, and should, are made upward in 
 phrases, and may be made upward when alone. 
 
 49. How in the phrase hoiu many is downward. 
 how long (48) should have which should be 
 how much should they which should have 
 how many (49) it should be on which (48) 
 should be (48) it should have on your 
 
 50. A first-place vowel-sign or the word in beginning 
 a phrase and followed by a downward stroke, should be 
 placed a little higher or lower than its natural position 
 (but never on the line), so that the next sign may take 
 its own position. 
 
 of them of your in time 
 
 of which all day in fact 
 
 5 1 . Such words as the following must be written 
 separately, because the parts are not distinguishable 
 when joined. 
 
 to see to pay 
 
 to know of any 
 
 TAYLOR 3. 
 
34 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 Exercise jj. 
 
 " " ' '} \ 1 /^ "~x ^r/r 
 
 L v >..> I T / , \^ K X. f 
 
 x ^ rV\ 
 
 Exercise j6. 
 
 If money should-be owing to-them, it-should-be given 
 to-him to-morrow in-time. The idea was, in-fact, to 
 renew the common highway altogether, although it- was 
 highly important to check too-much outlay. Already 
 each knew the object of-your coming together. The 
 height of-my hope now was to-do nothing which-should- 
 be beneath my ideal. How-long before your newly en- 
 larged factory ought-(to)-be ready to-go all-day ? How- 
 ever much Ida may-have to-do to-day, she should-have 
 all-your copying ready. It-was Isaac who-was to-have- 
 had charge of-your new opera company. To-which 
 of-them should-they pay the money, and how-much? 
 All who-may-be willing to-do-so should-be given the 
 advantage of helping on-your committee. How-many 
 of-them will talk to-your company of-me? On-which 
 bank was your check, and who-had given it? Who- 
 may know of-which idea Ina was thinking? 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Already they-have too-much awe of so unimportant 
 a power. Although the highway was tcnusnaU\ rough, 
 they rode the -whole way home. Being altogether at- 
 home in England, \.\\ey-had, in-fact, no -wish to leave. 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 35 
 
 J-fad-they imich hope of highly improving, or wholly 
 renewing any of-them? The height of-my power was 
 to-be ever ready to give average help. The time, how- 
 ever, was coming in-which my ideal shoidd become a 
 fact in-my life. They knew your object in improving 
 your whole road-way. How-many are going to Iowa 
 together, and why do-they leave to-day? The new 
 avenue of-which they-say so much will reach to-your 
 home. Who-may now be given the management of- 
 your large, newly improved factory? The thing will- 
 be of unusual 'importance, and it-should-have your 
 whole time to-morrow. 
 
 LESSON XX 
 
 I- Phrases 
 
 52. In writing I-phrases, only a single tick is used for 
 the /. 
 
 a. The last half of the sign for / (roid) js used with 
 most of the strokes. 
 
 b. The first half of the sign (poid) is used with M 
 or /,. 
 
 c. A small horizontal or vertical tick is used instead 
 of either part of the I sign before K, G, or the word 
 should, and after any stroke. 
 
 Exercise 37. 
 Note. For positions, see paragraph 50. 
 
 (<) 
 
 I )V J 
 
36 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 Practice the following until the change can be easily 
 made from one kind of I-tick to another. 
 
 I am 
 I do 
 
 am I 
 I come 
 
 I may be 
 
 I think 
 
 shall I 
 
 I never 
 
 have I 
 
 I should be 
 if I 
 
 I was 
 was I 
 
 (50) 
 I had 
 
 I have 
 I shall 
 I know 
 
 I go 
 
 I may say 
 I saw 
 
 I hope 
 I wish 
 I see 
 
 I judge 
 do I 
 
 may I 
 I say 
 
 I will 
 
 Exercise 38. 
 
 I-think I-may-have to-be away all-day. I-saw them, 
 for I-was going along Home avenue. I-knovv all I-say 
 to-be so. I-am in no hurry for my money, and I-will 
 ask for-it if I-wish it at-any-time. I-shall-go, but I-shall- 
 be back in November. I-have your money in bank. I- 
 hope I-may represent them to advantage., Do-I keep 
 him away too long? I-should-be happy to-have Ada 
 come. May-I do anything for Harrv if I-see him? 
 Was-I at-home in-time? I judge it to-be vour wish, or 
 I-never should go. I-had no knowledge of-your 'wish. 
 Have-I time to look at them before I-go ? If-I-come in 
 January, I-should-think they ought to know why. I- 
 may-go; and if I-do, shall-I leave all in charge of Louis? 
 
 I-think I-will-have them name each item c^-which / 
 oivc anything. I-know they-think I-wish to delay, for 
 I-was objecting to-your advertising or renewing your 
 agency. I-saw I-should-be too busy to-go, so I-had 
 them issue a check. I-say nothing to your allo-wing Ida 
 to take bookkeeping. I-hope s//c-may duly acknotv/- 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 37 
 
 edge your timely aid. Shall-I ever know how-many of- 
 them came together ? Was-I making too-large an out- 
 lay in carrying out my idea by advertising' ? I-am 
 willing to give all I-have to any object of-which I-judge 
 so highly. If-I-go I-may see Isaac ; and if-so, may-I talk 
 to-him ? Do-I delay him, although in-fact I-come in- 
 tiiue ? I-see I-never took my hook, \\\nc\\-had no name 
 in-it. Have-I any right to hope for-your coming to- 
 morro-v ? I-do thank your young nephew for aiding us 
 all so much to-day. 
 
 LESSON XXI 
 Phrasing; 77ic and A 
 
 53. For the, a small slanting tick may be joined to 
 the outline of the preceding word: 
 
 a. Slanting like chay (choid), by the. 
 
 b. Slanting like ray (roid), I at the. 
 
 U 
 
 c. Slanting like jP(poid), ^/ shall the. 
 
 54. For a, an, or and, a vertical or horizontal tick 
 may be joined to the preceding word. (This will not 
 conflict with the joined /. ) 
 
 a. Vertical like 7^(toid),_J_ by a. 
 
 b. Horizontal like K (koid), I had a. 
 
 c. And may be written before a the or a tick, in 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 which case it is like K (koid) : =^_ and a, _ 7 _and the. 
 
 In the phrase & Co. it is vertical. 
 
 55. For ing-the or ing-a and ing-and, the tick is dis- 
 joined and put in the place of the ing dot: '_ buying 
 
 the ; ' buying a ; _j_ doing and. 
 
 Exercise 39. 
 For rule of position, see paragraph 24. 
 
 (53) 
 
 (55) 
 
 ^ ^ ^ 
 
 Practice well 
 
 
 <; i 7 
 
 
 by the 
 
 to the 
 
 but the 
 
 and a 
 
 by a 
 
 for the 
 
 but a 
 
 (55) 
 
 at the 
 
 of a 
 
 think the 
 
 buying the 
 
 at a 
 
 take a 
 
 think a 
 
 buying a 
 
 if the 
 
 which the 
 
 of the 
 
 owing the 
 
 for a 
 
 which a 
 
 on the (48) 
 
 owing a 
 
 see the 
 
 may the 
 
 on a 
 
 taking the 
 
 see and 
 
 may a 
 
 to a 
 
 looking and 
 
 was the 
 
 shall the 
 
 if a 
 
 coining and 
 
 was a 
 
 shall a 
 
 or the 
 
 seeing a 
 
 have the 
 
 in the 
 
 or a 
 
 changing the 
 
 have a 
 
 in a 
 
 and the 
 
 showing the 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 39 
 
 Exercise 40. 
 
 Note. The and a are not to be joined after lifting the pen 
 to write a vowel, as in " lady the" in the fourth sentence below. 
 
 Was-the dog in-the path at-the-time I-saw-the boy? 
 I-think-the lady was doing-the right thing in taking-u 
 daily. On-the top of-the oak was-an owl. Cora was 
 having-a busy day showing-the lady the shop. Will she 
 take-a book or-a map? I-am buying-the book and-the 
 map for Mary. Jacob and-the boy are laughing-and 
 joking all-the time. I-have-a wish to-go, but-the lake 
 may-be too rough. Who-was-the boy whom I-saw dig- 
 ging-and hoeing by-the road? Shall-I take-the money 
 oi-the check? May-the assignee have-the copy which- 
 the boy was making? Knowing-the baggage was on-the 
 way, she-was moving-and arranging for-it. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 I-tliink I-may take-a coach and be on-the way to Iowa 
 to-day. I-was owing-the money for-the use of-a piano. 
 I-know who it-was, for I-came in at-the-time. I-say, 
 if-the company should-be changing-the factory, I-hope 
 it-may-be to enlarge it. I-wish to know r /iozv-much on- 
 an average ought-(\.ty)-\)t given' away each day. I-am 
 writing to Mackey &-Co. and giving-a check for-a new 
 coach. I-will thank him for paying-the $3.000 into-the 
 bank on time. I-shall hope she-had-a kodak along. I- 
 had-a view of-an English lake, which-was-a thing of 
 beauty. I-am-a nephew of-the Meyer zvko-was taking- 
 the management of-the manufacture at-the-time. Do-I 
 ever charge too-much for fetching-and carrying? I-see 
 many coming-and going on-the highway a//-day. I- 
 judge they already knew of-my neglecting-t\\e agency 
 in Iowa. 
 
4-O SIMPLE SIGX3 
 
 LESSON XXII 
 
 Upward and Downward Strokes for R, L and SH 
 
 56. For the sake of greater facility in writing and 
 reading, downward strokes are in certain cases used for 
 7? and Z, and an upward stroke for Sfi, thus: 
 
 SIGN. DIRECTION. SOUXD. XAME. 
 
 ^ downward r ar 
 
 f~ 1 el 
 
 _S upward sh shay 
 
 57. Because there are many exceptions to the rules of 
 direction for these strokes, the unusual direction is indi- 
 cated throughout this book by full-face type, thus: R, 
 L, SH; or r, 1, Sh. Where double letters occur, only 
 one is put in the full-face type, since only one stroke is 
 written for double letters. 
 
 58. General rules of direction for R and L when 
 joined to stroke consonants: 
 
 a. Beginning a syllable, the upward stroke is used, 
 thus: f v live, y^ \ reap. 
 
 b. Ending a syllable (alone or followed by other con- 
 sonants), the downward stroke is used thus :-^ shower, 
 
 fuel. C^ elm, \ ark. 
 
 c. Where the direction required by rule a or b would 
 make an illegible outline, or one difficult to form, the 
 rule is disregarded. 
 
 59. In dividing words into syllables for the purpose 
 
SIMl'I.K SIGNS 41 
 
 of determining their proper shorthand outlines, one con- 
 sonant is usually pronounced in each syllable (double 
 consonants being regarded as one). 
 
 Examples: Mo-lly, Lo-ttie, la-dy, ca-rry, efr-or. 
 60. a. R follows the general rules (58 a and <5) be- 
 fore the following strokes: 
 
 P, B, rob, Ar-ab, ripe, 6rb. 
 
 K, G, rock, ark, rogue, ar-gue. 
 
 S, Z, Ro-sa, Orsa. 
 
 SH, ZH,-rush, Ir-ish (see 36). 
 
 L, ra-lly, ear-ly, Ra-leigh, or-ally. 
 
 R, tempo-ra-rv, aur-o-ra, 6rr-e-ry. 
 
 b. R is always upward before the following strokes 
 (a vowel preceding the ;- should usually be written) : 
 
 T, D, right, aright, ready, arid. 
 CII, J, rich, arch, rage, urge. 
 F, V, roof, Orpha, revieif, Harvey. 
 TH, DH, wrath, earth, wreath, orthoepy. 
 N, NG, range, arrange, wrong, orange, ring, 
 harangue. 
 
 c. R before M or MP is always downward: 
 Rome, remove, remedy, room, Irma, arm, army, 
 
 romp. 
 
 d. R, when the only stroke, follows the rule (58): 
 ray, air, oar, rye, ire (see 36). 
 
 If R is both preceded and followed by a vowel, the 
 accented vowel usually determines the direction : 
 area, Or a, Erie, arrow, array. 
 
42 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 Exercise 4.1 . 
 
 V / 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 her R i original-ly R-J 
 
 our R 3 regular-ly R-G 
 
 hour R 3 irregular-ly R-G 
 
 higher I-R refer-ence R-F 
 
 Exercise 42. 
 
 Irma will remove to Rome early in-the autumn. 
 Ryan will take no regular review. Orpha will go for- 
 the arrow. Urge Riley to look at our remedy aright. 
 It-was wrong for Ursa to show her wrath in arguing. 
 They arrange nothing orally, or in-an irregular wav. 
 Harvey and Raleigh may go into-a temporary camp at 
 any hour. I-saw Rosa lay the wreath higher up on-the 
 rock by-the arch. In rowing, dip the oar regularly, and 
 never too deep. Tom was referring to-the army life. 
 Ask Ora to give the original area of-the roof. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 She-may-be referring to-a rich nephew w^o-was on-a 
 voyage in-the Irish Sea /-the-time of her leaving Rome. 
 May-I ask //ow-long it-may-be before our army will 
 leave the camp on-the height? Riley knew the large 
 range which-had come in <wgV//-(to)-be ready to-go 
 back in-an hour. The arch was high, but-\\\e rock at- 
 the right of-the road was higher. Was-I right in think- 
 ing she-Was now doing-a duty which she-was originally 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 43 
 
 neglecting f Who but Harvey was urging them to take- 
 the ship out into-the raging sea? If-I rightly judge, 
 they-had-an unusually happy time navigating-the lake 
 in-your nemo ship. I-was using-vcn. orange to represent- 
 the earth. I-know the air was balmy on Lake Erie to- 
 day. I-shall make no reference to-the rogue who-was 
 robbing-the bank, although I-may-be at-the committee 
 room to-morrow. 
 
 LESSON XXIII 
 
 R Following Strokes 
 60 (continued). 
 
 e. R follows the general rules (58 a and b~) after: 
 CM, J. che-rry, ju-ry. 
 
 F, V, fai-ry, far, fu-ry, fur, fie-ry, fire, va-ry, 
 fear, fu-rrow, infer, confer, affair, Ave-ry, fair. 
 S, Z, Ez-ra, easier, Assy-ria, sower. 
 SII, ZII, she-rry, shower. 
 L, Lau-ra, lower, Taylor. 
 N, NG, na-rrow, knower. 
 R, aur-o-ra, err-or. 
 W, weigher. 
 
 f. R is always upward aft^r: 
 
 T, D, tarry, tower, dairy, Dyer. 
 K, G, carry, cower, Garry, gayer. 
 TH, DH, thorough, theory, Thayer. 
 M, MP, Maria, Myer. 
 R, rear, rare. 
 
 H, hero, Harry, h<?tfer, abhor. 
 P, B, (usually) borrow, bower, Perry, power (3d 
 position). 
 
44 SIMPLE SIGXS 
 
 Exercise 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 machinery M-SH-R newer new-R 
 manufacturer M-N-F-R lawyer L-R 
 manufactory M-N-F-R legislator L-J-R 
 
 Exercise 44. 
 
 I-fear Ezra never will-be thorough in anything. Urge 
 Thayer and Myer to come early. They-saw a shower 
 was coming on, although it-was fair at five. It-was-an 
 error for-the lawyer to add to-the fire of-my wrath. They 
 live in-the rear of-the new manufactory. I infer they- 
 have too far to-go, or fear-an attack on-the way. The 
 manufacturer of-the machinery will-have to take-the 
 lower rank. They-say Harry Dyer, the hero, had-a 
 narrow escape. Taylor \\ill make-the furrow deep and 
 narrow. It-was easier for Laura to give to-the legisla- 
 tor the newer theory of-the affair. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 So far below the tower, Laura looked like-a fairy. 
 I-fear Harry took no fur cap. They tarry too long con- 
 ferring together o-the affair in-the manufactory. Avery 
 will abhor the unfair way of-the manufacturer. Berry 
 should-\\a.\e-a. cup of-the rare sherry. They now vary 
 in hue, but Myra will dye them all cherry red. I-think 
 Laura was in-a fury, for she-was talking" in-a fiery way. 
 I-hope to make-the power regular <5y-the use of newer 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 45 
 
 machinery. The yoting lawyer was haranguing-the jury 
 for-an hour^ but no ray of hope came to-your nephew 
 flrf-any-time. I-fear-the legislator may see no way in- 
 which to-do anything for-them. Owing to-the fact they 
 name, Jerry was ready to omit the item a month ago. 
 
 LESSON XXIV 
 
 L Preceding Strokes 
 60 (continued). 
 
 g. L follows the general rules (58 a and <$) before: 
 K, G, like, alike, look, lack, elk, lake, Alleghany. 
 M, MP, lame, elm, lamp, Alma, loom, Elma, 
 
 limb, almanac, limp, Almira. 
 R, Lowry, Ellery. 
 
 h. L is always upward before the following strokes: 
 (A vowel preceding the L should usually be written.) 
 P, B, lobe, elbow, leap, Albany. 
 T, D, lady, allied, Lottie, alto. 
 CH, J, ledge, elegy, latch, allege. 
 F, V, life, alive, leave, Alva, love. 
 
 TH, DH, lath, Althea, lathe, loathe. 
 
 *> 
 
 S, Z, lasso, also, Lacey. Ellas, lazy, Elsie. 
 SH, ZH, (Lesson XXVI). 
 L, Lilly, Lulu, Lola. 
 W, leeway, alleyway. 
 R, lower, oz'ler. 
 H, Lehigh, Elihu. 
 i. L is always downward before : 
 
 N, NG, liing, lounge, lunch, lion, launch, Illinois, 
 (L-N). 
 
46 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 Exercise 
 
 ABBREVIATION. 
 
 electric-al L-K 
 
 Exercise 46. 
 
 The lady may ring for Elma at-any-time. Lyon was 
 lying on-the lounge in-the back room. She-was looking 
 for-an elbow of large pipe. They allege nothing new. 
 Alva was lying beneath-the large elm. May Elsie take- 
 the alto ? Lottie will write out-a copy of-the elegy for 
 Alma. Elias will lack money to buy both-the lathe and- 
 the loom. Your new book and-the book which Lulu 
 was buying look much alike. Lowry was carrying-the 
 lamp for Almira. The electric road may reach us in-u 
 month. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Do- they allege nothing on-the important topic of-the 
 new electric road ? Elias saw the lion make-the leap to- 
 the lower ledge. Lacey will go up the Alleghany in-the 
 autumn, and, it-may-be, to Albany. I-saw-the elk on- 
 the ledge of rock. I-know Lillie and Lola love the life 
 in Alabama. 7/</-they-the ustia/ time #/-the academy 
 for-a regular review of-the language ? I-should loathe 
 so lazy a life. Lulu will-be happy to see them launch- 
 the new ship to-morrow. /Jfow-much time, tf-any, will- 
 be given for lunch before reaching-the Lehigh Road? 
 I-judge she-may-be writing-the company, or-an agency 
 in Illinois. She-may-have them issue-\\\e. check to-him 
 or pay him-the money, to use on-the voyage to China. 
 Elsie saw me on-the common but-<\\\ hour ago. 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 47 
 
 LESSON XXV 
 
 L Following Strokes, or Alone 
 
 60 (continued). 
 j. L follows the general rules (58 a and b) after: 
 
 K, G, Kelly, Gael. 
 
 F, V, folly, fuel, valley, vial, fallow, vowel. 
 
 R, rally, royal. 
 
 H, hilly, Howell, hollow. 
 k. L is always upward after: 
 
 P, B, pillow, Powell, below. 
 
 T, D, daily, dial, tallow, towel. 
 
 CH, J, jelly, jewel, chilly, Julia. 
 
 S, Z, easily, zeal, assail. 
 
 SH, ZH, (Lesson XXI). 
 
 M, MP, Emily, mellow. 
 
 L, Loyally, loyal, lowly, Lowell. 
 
 W, waylay. 
 
 R, early, earl, orally, oral, oriole. 
 /. L is always downward after: 
 
 N, NG, N<?well, Nellie, Longley (see 60 z), wrong- 
 ly, continual, continually, kingly, commonly. 
 m. L, when the only stroke, is always upward : 
 
 oz'l, Lee, alley, He, low, owl, ill. 
 
 Exercise 47. 
 
48 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 renewal R-N-L appeal P-L 3 
 
 unwilling N-L. 
 
 Exercise 48. 
 
 They love the lowly home, and are loyal to-the early 
 time. Julia was continually judging me wrongly. Lee 
 may carry the keg of oil into-the alley. Longley was 
 unwilling to-have-a renewal of-the agency. She-had 
 olive oil in-the vial. I-am to write-the vowel i in dial 
 and in lie. I-know of no royal road to knowledge. It- 
 was folly for Kelly to make-the appeal orally. I-saw-an 
 oriole on-a bush in-the hollow. Hawley was showing 
 much zeal in loyalty to Powell. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Newell had-a. kingly air, and was talking like-an earl. 
 Lee should make no delay in buying-\\\o, newer macJiin- 
 cry for-the manufactory. //"Julia should think it unfair 
 or irregular in-any-way, she will refer it to her larcvcr. 
 I-fear-a rogue may easily waylay and assail Lowell. If 
 it-should-be chilly, I-shall-be unwilling to-go into-the 
 lower valley at so early an hour. If-I appeal to-them, 
 they-may rally loyally to-the aid of-the legislator. I- 
 never take-the hilly road in going to-the hollow for fuel. 
 Nellie was in daily fear of-a renewal of-the riot in Al- 
 bany. Why do-I think it of importance for Isaac to- 
 have charge of-the electrical machinery? I-was ... 
 continual fear for Langley on-the electric road. 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 49 
 
 LESSON XXVI 
 
 61. Shay, the upward stroke (see 56), is used for 
 sh, after T, D, F, Fand before and after L. With all 
 other strokes ish is used. 
 
 Exercise 
 
 \"7 
 
 x 
 
 dish 
 
 tissue 
 
 Lucia 
 
 shallow 
 
 shell 
 
 shame 
 
 push 
 
 Letitia 
 
 mesh 
 
 sh ip 
 
 shake 
 
 show 
 
 dash 
 
 lash 
 
 shawl 
 
 Shelly 
 
 gnash 
 
 ash 
 
 fish 
 
 cash 
 
 Ashley 
 
 shave 
 
 lavish 
 
 pshaw 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 efficicnt-ly 
 efficienc 
 
 F-SH 
 F-SH 
 
 inefficient-ly 
 inefficiency 
 
 N-F-SH 
 N-F-SH 
 
 62. For initials in names of persons, the sm'all script 
 letters joined are better than the shorthand signs. Names 
 should be written in shorthand unless they are new to the 
 stenographer, or have a peculiar spelling which needs to 
 be noted. 
 A. J. Kelly B. F. Powell R. L. Bowen W. H. Bailey 
 
 Exercise JO. 
 
 The shell was lovelv in shape and hue. I-saw-the 
 
 sea dash up in foam. G. T. Kelly will efficiently aid 
 
 Letitia in-the affair. Lucia should take-a shawl along. 
 
 Lowell was too inefficient to take-the management. The 
 
 TAYLOR 4. 
 
50 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 shell lay in-the shallow edge of-the lake. W. H. An- 
 thony will give us a poem by Shelley. Carry in the 
 dish of fish. The inefficiency of Letitia will keep her 
 back. They push and shove in-an unfair way. Go W. 
 Ketcham &-Co. will pay it all. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 It-was originally in her name, and she-was unwilling 
 to-have-it changed before. B. F. Murray, our lawyer, 
 was talking of-the newer machinery^ I-should never 
 alloiv the use of-the lash. Her efficiency will give Lucia 
 a higher rank. A. R. Owen will pay all cash for-the 
 ship to-which they refer. I-see-the bank will-be irreg- 
 ular and much higher far below. Ella will take-a copy 
 on tissue also. Theodosia was unwilling to-have any 
 irregular renewal of her right. She-was lavish and effi- 
 cient in her aid to-the famishing. J. H. Longley, the 
 legislator, was too inefficient to push-the appeal. The 
 inefficiency of young Ashley will give much room for 
 improvement. I-was ready to gnash my tee^h in rage. 
 
 LESSON XXVII 
 Conflicting Words 
 
 63. Words having outlines which nearly resemble 
 each other, and which can be used in the same context, 
 illustrate the importance of accurate writing. At the 
 close of each chapter is given a group of such words, 
 which have been found in actual experience to conflict 
 if carelessly written. These exercises are to be tran- 
 scribed, compared with the original, and rewritten until 
 perfect accuracy is attained. 
 
SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 SHADING. 
 
 happy, to-be 
 package, 
 baggage 
 of, all 
 much, large 
 for, have 
 time, dollar 
 so, was 
 1-am, 
 ; er I- may-be 
 ? 
 
 5 
 
 POSITION. 
 
 see, say. 
 me, him 
 the, a 
 if, for 
 own, know 
 or, but 
 her, our 
 important, 
 improved 
 
 MISCEL- 
 LANEOUS. 
 
 air, way 
 pick, beg 
 fair, fairy 
 lath, lathe 
 your, them 
 wish, was 
 fuel, vial 
 nothing, 
 enough 
 by. of, all 
 right, 
 ready, 
 rode 
 
 VOWELS. 
 
 early, oral 
 like, lack 
 Lizzie, Eliza 
 Jennie, Joan 
 Lottie, Lettie 
 Amy. May 
 Lee, Eli, Leo 
 Newell, Nellie 
 shop, ship, sheep 
 Myra, 'Maria, Meyer 
 keep, occupy, copy 
 Lacey, Elsie, Elias 
 Lillie, Lulu, Lola 
 Emily, Mollie, Milly 
 noz'sy, uneasy 
 
 Exercise 51. 
 
 I-see it-was right to beg the lily. Nellie will say 
 she-was happy at-home by-the time Emily was in New- 
 York. Lacey rode to Lafayette for our package. Joan 
 and Newell will occupy the new shop. Maria will 
 take-the vial into-the room for Myra. Do-they say they 
 like money, but lack it? I-wish to ask if Amy was to-be 
 in-the home of May. I-was to keep-the poem and copy 
 it for her nephew. Elias had-a kingly air. Shall-I pay 
 for-the lathe or ask for time ? I-shall-be ready for-an 
 oral review if Mollie will help me. They own Leo had 
 no ship. The time was improved, and I-had much hope 
 of-your giving Elsie the dollar. Lola will-have nothing 
 to occupy the hour. So, in all your life, have-they never 
 given any help? The boy was so uneasy. 
 
52 SIMPLE SIGNS 
 
 Exercise J2. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS WORDS. 
 
 Typify, affinity, vanity, unpack, tip-top, anathema, 
 nickname, cubic, contiguity, continuity, continuous, 
 contumely, contumacy, condemnatory, deify, apiary, 
 aviary, liar, epoch, ethic, calk, balky, invoked, monk, 
 gash, dike, decoy, Jem, Jim, Jamie, enjoy, duke, 
 vacuity, pneumonia, anemone, nominee, picnic, vivify, 
 revivify, gangway, verify, thong, ossify, Shylock, 
 munch, Marianna, naughtily, notary, inherit, rummage, 
 furor, asleep, mopish, mythic, mammoth, limbo, rotary, 
 archly, richly, cupola, career, carrier, foliage, vanilla, 
 Manila, manual, Oshkosh, shamrock, leakage, legacv, 
 leafage, liveth, lazily, inanity, rhythm, rarity, rarefy, 
 rarer. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 She-may-be too busy to-go in November, a/-\vhich- 
 time Myra will-be at-home. Denny and Dinah have- 
 had no wish to leave the avenue unimproved. Why 
 had Eli and Lee no talk of-the length or- the depth of- 
 the ditch? Isaac was of-the manv who-had too-much 
 to-do. They-may, however, be in-time. I -fear a!/-\o\\v 
 talk to-them of-me was nothing bzit error. Taylor was 
 continually appealing to-them, and saying Longley was 
 too inefficient. Do-they think it knowledge which-may- 
 be of ttsc to-them? On whom will the duty lie? Aral 
 was gnawing at-the beam. Will the public of Altoona 
 enjoy comic opera? Oh why ought they to-think I- 
 should do-so? Nothing but your help will keep ?ts in 
 England. Your language may show your idea to-be 
 wholly wrong. The whole area was originally rocky 
 and arid. 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 FOR 
 
 CONSONANT SOUNDS 
 
 LESSONS XXVIII XL 
 
 53 
 
LESSON XXVIII 
 
 The Small Circle, Iss 
 
 64. A small circle, called tss, represents s or z in cer- 
 tain cases. In the following lessons the small circle is 
 indicated by s. 
 
 65. Rules for joining the circle to a single stroke: 
 
 a. Joined to straight strokes the circle is turned like 
 the written O, thus: N> p s , I S T, _ o Ks, / Rs. 
 
 b. On curved strokes the circle is written inside the 
 curve, thus: V^> Fs, (T^ sM, I sTH. 
 
 Note. Observe that the rule, 65^, requires that the circle be 
 written on the upper side of kay and ray, and also of hay when 
 the circle is final. 
 
 66. Vowels used with brief-sign combinations are 
 placed to the strokes in the same manner as to simple 
 
 strokes, thus: b tease, K^ safe. 
 
 67. A circle or loop at the beginning of a stroke is 
 read as the first sound in the word; at the end, as the 
 last sound. 
 
 Exercise jj. 
 
 > _._^ J 
 
 o.o.o. 
 
BRIKF SIGNS 
 
 
 WITHOUT 
 
 VOWELS. 
 
 
 does 
 
 convince 
 
 yes 
 
 says 
 
 goes 
 confess 
 
 raise 
 house 
 
 comm-ence 
 James 
 
 notice 
 cautious 
 
 WITH VOWELS. 
 
 pays 
 pass 
 oppose 
 compose 
 
 choose 
 guess 
 office 
 vase 
 
 nice 
 loss 
 lace 
 Alice 
 
 Thomas 
 box (18 X) 
 
 reduce 
 police 
 
 piece 
 Otis 
 
 moss 
 Ames 
 
 race 
 Ross 
 
 announce 
 Dennis 
 
 days 
 edges(ejs) 
 
 Amos 
 niece 
 
 weighs 
 Hugh's 
 
 Rufus 
 Agnes 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 AND POSITION. 
 
 is 
 his 
 
 iss i 
 iss i 
 
 those 
 
 thus 
 
 3 
 3 
 
 as 
 
 iss 2 
 
 miss 
 
 i 
 
 has 
 owes 
 
 iss 2 
 owe-s 
 
 myself 
 himself 
 
 Ms i 
 Ms 2 
 
 whose 
 always 
 possible-y 
 business 
 itself 
 
 who-s 
 all-s 
 Ps i 
 Bs 
 
 impossible-ity MPs I 
 influence Xs i 
 news new-s 
 longs NGs 2 
 wise Ws i 
 
 religious 
 
 Js i 
 
 unwise 
 
 N-Ws i 
 
 cause 
 because 
 accuse 
 these 
 
 Ks i 
 Ks i 
 Ks 3 
 
 i 
 
 lengthwise NG-Ws 3 
 yourself Ys 2 
 herself Rs i 
 anxious NG-SHs 
 
 this 
 
 2 
 
 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 57 
 
 68. a. The dot m-ay be placed at the beginning or 
 
 p 
 end of a stroke having a joined tss, thus : conceit, 
 
 Voj. facing. 
 
 b. For the affix ings, the circle is used in place 
 of the z'/zg'-dot, thus: / sayings. 
 
 doings writings shavings 
 
 beings teachings bushings 
 
 c. The ings may also be used for ing-his : 
 paying his facing his showing his making his 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 (24) (iss for us) so far as (S-Fs) (48) 
 of his of us (5) on his 
 
 to his to us in these on this 
 
 she is by us in this 
 
 she has for us in those 
 
 Exercise 54. 
 Note. Use stroke 5" as heretofore for so, say, etc. 
 
 The vase which-is at-his house is for myself. Has 
 Matthew's niece any influence on-his life? Oh-yes, and 
 she-is anxious to influence him to commence reducing 
 these charges for-us. If Rufus goes on thus, his unwise 
 ways mav possibly cause loss in-his business and in 
 ours. I accuse Ross for announcing these facts to-us as 
 news. Miss Agnes will choose this box of lace because 
 she thinks it-is nice. I confess I-am always opposing 
 those religious ideas of-his. So-far-as I-know, Alice 
 hopes to pay all she herself owes. James longs for-a 
 few hours or days to himself, in-which to compose those 
 writings. She talks of-the wise sayings and doings of 
 fairy beings. Otis Moss, who-has given this notice, is 
 
58 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 Hugh's nephew. Thomas thinks it-is impossible to 
 guess whose is to-be-the race for-the office, yours or his. 
 Dennis says this case itself will reduce the invoice thou- 
 sands of dollars. Lay the piece lengthwise in-this box 
 yourself. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Hayes thinks it-is impossible to take this choice, be- 
 cause Horace thinks it-is unwise. Amos is always 
 anxious for-the Memphis News because it-has influence 
 on-his business. Miss Adams owes much to-the wise 
 teachings of yourself and Loomis. Max himself -wishes 
 to confess these facts to-his lessees in Paris. I myself 
 notice how Morris is alloiving-\\\s money to-go to pay 
 for-the house itself. Whose maps of England has 
 Horace? Agnes herself thinks it-is possible thus to 
 convince Lee's enemies. The boys are wise enough to 
 make-the rows lengthwise of-the piece. The news of- 
 his accusing those boys came to-us two days ago. These 
 sayings and teachings are causing-his unhappy nephew 
 to-do as Norris wishes. She-is among those wise be- 
 ings whose religious writings raise ozir ideals of life. 
 In-these days Knox is using-\\\s money for-a higher 
 cause. Shall Adams leave the things in-the office or- 
 the back rooms ? 
 
 LESSON XXIX 
 Iss at the Beginning of Strokes 
 
 69. In the use of vowels with brief-sign and stroke 
 combinations, attention must be given to the relation of 
 the vowel to the stroke consonant, as if no brief sign 
 
 were present, thus: I s-iT, sight; s-eL, seal; 
 
 r 
 
 s-Ha-R, Sahara. 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 59 
 
 Exercise 
 
 y<v\ T TT T p-c 
 
 r 
 
 Q ^Q'^-Q'^g ^ g L 
 
 .[ A \ 
 
 WITHOUT VOWELS. 
 
 space safe sell sense Smith 
 
 suppose Seth some speech sympathy (sMP-TH) 
 
 said size son safety Sunday 
 
 such sash sun Samuel swamp 
 
 seat 
 sit 
 city 
 set 
 
 WITH VOWELS. 
 
 (See 69.) 
 
 stay sick sum 
 
 suit Sophia sign 
 
 Sadie slow soon 
 
 Small 
 smo'ke 
 siege 
 
 seek 
 
 same 
 
 smooth snow 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 speak sP I 
 
 spoke sP 2 
 
 expect sP 2 
 
 special sP 3 
 
 specialty sP-T 3 
 
 subject sB 
 
 situate sT i 
 
 citizen sT i 
 
 satisfy-ed sT 3 
 satis factory-ly sT 3 
 
 signature sG i 
 
 signify-ed sG i 
 
 significant sG I 
 
 significance 
 
 excuse 
 
 several 
 
 south 
 
 seem 
 
 similar 
 
 example 
 
 seen 
 
 since 
 
 sufficient-ly 
 
 sufficiency 
 
 something 
 
 somehow 
 
 sG i 
 sKs 3 
 
 sV 
 
 3 
 
 i 
 
 sM i 
 
 sMP 3 
 
 i 
 
 i 
 
 sF-SH 
 
 sF-SH 
 
 sM-NG 
 
 sM-roid 
 
60 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 (See 24.) 
 
 as ever as though as far as (sFs) his own 
 as if as much as long as is this 
 
 as this as much as as well as (sLs) as I (toid) 
 as these as large as has had 
 
 70. The, a, or an may be joined to is, as, or has. 
 The rule 650; must be observed. 
 
 Q. 
 is a-an o. as a-an, has a-an 
 
 X> 
 
 is the /-> as the, has the 
 
 Exercise 56. 
 
 Note. Words heretofore written with the stroke 5" are still 
 to be so written ; e. g., busy, aside, ask, also. 
 
 Smith speaks as-if vour son expects Samuel to-do 
 something for-us, as-the lawyer is busy. Seth gives this 
 as-an excuse, seeking to satisfy me as-far-as may-be by 
 smooth speech. Small has-had sufficient time to reach 
 his-own house in-the city. The signatures of five citi- 
 zens will-be satisfactory. I take this as-a special sign 
 of-the sufficiency of-this space. Is-this Snow's choice 
 of-the several subjects since seeing them? Smith said 
 his sick son was soon as calm as-ever. Is-the size of- 
 the sash as-much-as 36 bv 40? His sympathy is-a sig- 
 nificant thing to-us. It somehow gives us a sense of 
 safety at-a-time such-as this. Is-this orange as-large-as 
 yours? Has-the boy ever seen-a similar example? For- 
 the sake of-his business specialty, Smock has-a wish to 
 situate himself as-well-as it-is possible to-do. Nothing 
 seems to satisfy him. Sadie spoke as-though satisfied 
 to stay in-the south as-long-as six months. 
 
 Note. Underscore the figure six to distinguish it from the 
 sign for this. 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 6 1 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Such days as-this Jfiss Sophia always seeks some ex- 
 cuse to stay in-the house as-much-as 'possible. They 
 suppose Samuel was too slow in saving-a sufficient sum ; 
 since his-own specialty has-had to-be given up as-an 
 unwise business. Sadie lias several similar maps, each 
 of-which is-a special help in-my subject. The setting 
 aside of-the suit on-this loss seems somehow to-have-had 
 small significance to some of-the citizens. Is-the lady 
 speaking as-if-a sufficiency of satisfactory signatures 
 may-be had? As-long-as such speeches as-these will 
 satisfy them, why does Small seem to expect something 
 of-us? Has Seth seen aiiv sign of svmpathy for-his 
 anxious niece ? She speaks of-the news which-has come 
 to-day as satisfactory- to herself as- well-as to her nephew, 
 \vho-is at-his home in-the south. As-the speech was com- 
 mencing, Bowers was seen to la"y the book on-the seat 
 at-his side. Smith soon spoke to-him, signifving-his 
 readiness to sell. Has-the piece a swamp on-this south 
 edge, as-the map shows, and as Snow said on Sunday? 
 <9//-yes, it-has, and-a swamp which-is as-/<7rY?-as your 
 whole meadow. It reaches lengthwise of-the road for 
 many rods. As-an example of Hayes &-Co.'s views 
 on-the subject, I-know thev expect to situate the new 
 silk factory as-far to-the south as-possible. 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 LESSON XXX 
 
 Iss Between Strokes 
 
 Exercise 57. 
 
 vj_2: 
 
 71. Rules for writing the circle between strokes: 
 
 a. Between straight strokes of the same direc- 
 tion, the circle is turned like the written O: 
 
 Tuesday it is a 
 
 deceit which is the 
 
 decide who is the 
 
 cask et cetera 
 
 b. Between straight strokes of different direc- 
 tions, the circle is turned on the outside of the angle, 
 
 thus: J desk. 
 
 opposite 
 
 task 
 
 custom 
 
 Augusta 
 
 passage 
 
 deposit 
 
 succeed 
 
 receipt 
 
 beset 
 
 dispose 
 
 gasp 
 
 reside 
 
 beside 
 
 discuss 
 
 gossip 
 
 risk 
 
 besiege 
 
 Jessup 
 
 gazette 
 
 husky 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 63 
 
 PHRASES. 
 
 does the 
 
 (roid) 
 
 (50) 
 
 who said 
 
 I said 
 
 I speak 
 
 who has had 
 
 I expect 
 
 I spoke 
 
 several days ago 
 
 I suppose 
 
 
 c. Between a straight and a curved stroke, the 
 circle takes the direction of the curve. 
 
 passive 
 basin 
 deceive 
 
 Joseph visit 
 Jackson lisp 
 chasm lawsuit 
 
 misty 
 message 
 Minnesota 
 
 dismay 
 chosen 
 
 cousin receive 
 Fiske reason 
 
 anxiety 
 hasten 
 
 
 PHRASES. 
 
 
 is no 
 
 in this case 
 
 she has had 
 
 hich is no 
 
 have said 
 
 so .as to 
 
 seems (to) 
 
 be she is a 
 
 so as (to) be 
 
 d. Between two curves the circle turns in the 
 more convenient wav. 
 
 Thompson assassin museum 
 
 toothsome missive mason 
 
 Johnson massive Cincinnati 
 
 fasten misseth 
 
 PHRASES. 
 
 it seems (to) me in his own 
 for his own she says (SH-sZ) 
 
 ever since (24) she has no 
 
 WITH VOWELS. 
 
 72. When a circle comes between strokes, the vowel 
 must be placed beside the stroke-consonant next which 
 
 it is sounded, thus: _ dusk, 
 
64 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 bask dozen music rasp 
 
 task musk Nasmyth russet 
 
 tacit mask rusty 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 Pennsylvania Ps-L-V thenceforth THs-F 
 
 outset T-sT 3 misrepresent Ms-R-P 
 
 outside T-sD 3 Mrs. Ms-S 
 
 December Ds-M Massachusetts Ms-CH 
 
 dissatisfied D-sT 3 henceforth Ns-F 
 
 disadvantage Ds-J unexpected Xs-P 
 
 exchange Ks-CH unsatisfactory X-sT 3 
 
 discharge-d Ds-CH insufficient-ly N-sF-SH 
 
 discourage-ment Ds-K-J insufficiency X---F-SH 
 
 insignificant Xs-G I wholesale L-sL 3 
 
 inspect Xs-P house of repre- 
 
 respect Rs-P sentatives Hs-P 
 
 thanksgiving THs-G 3 
 
 Exercise j8. 
 
 Does-the message say I-spoke to Augusta of-such-a 
 thing as-a visit to Cincinnati in-such-an unsatisfactory 
 time as-this? I-suppose it-is-no insignificant task for 
 Mrs. Mason, which-is-no reason, however, why Miss 
 Johnson should henceforth take-the risk. She-says she- 
 has-h'ad no dismay at-the disadvantage of residing in 
 Minnesota ever-since-the unexpected visit of her cousin 
 at Thanksgiving. It-seems-(to)-be-a discouragement 
 to Jackson because it-is-an impossibility in-this-case to 
 exchange-the office desk, etc., at-a fair sum. As I-have- 
 said, I-was dissatisfied at-the outset, and I-expect to dis- 
 charge all my duties and take passage for Massachusetts 
 in December. Besides speaking to Thompson on Tues- 
 day. it-seems-(to)-me I-have-seen all-the outside whole- 
 sale customers who-should receive-the respects of-the 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 65 
 
 house. Several-davs-ago they-said it-was impossible 
 thenceforth to succeed, inasmuch-as-the deposit of cash 
 was insufficient. I-said I-should stay in Pennsylvania as- 
 long-as-possible and inspect the business, so-as-(to)-be 
 on-the safe-side. I-speak now to Jessup, who-said this 
 on-his-own knowledge, and who-has-had time to discuss- 
 the subject. They misrepresent us, so-as-to deceive the 
 House of Representatives, which-is-the body to decide 
 the case. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Our dispatching-a message of-such-a length to unde- 
 ceive Joseph was altogether unexpected by him or-the 
 lawyer. The passage of-this law is-a disadvantage to- 
 the outside business at-this-time, and will discourage-the 
 company. I-said my custom was to fasten the desk and 
 make all safe at-a-time such-as this. Jessup had-the 
 audacity to disobey Mrs. Jamison by making-an ex- 
 change of things in-his custody. I-suppose Mrs. Addi- 
 son, like yourself and some of-ns, was dissatisfied in 
 Mexico. \-cxpcct to dispatch them to-his wholesale 
 house by-the Chesapeake and Ohio Road, as I-said. 
 Such sagacity may possibly succeed, so-far-as to dis- 
 lodge the enemy by December. To-those of-us on-the 
 outside the business outlook in-these days in Pennsylva- 
 nia and Massachusetts seems-(to)-be dismal. She tacitly 
 disowns having any-such design in-this law-suit, as Aliss 
 Mason and yourself know. She-has signified an anx- 
 iety to accede to-the wishes of Augusta 5n-this-respect, 
 and is ready to discharge her duties. If-is-no disadvan- 
 tage at-such-a time, st/ice-thev specify Missouri as-the 
 chosen home. The disguise of-which \-speak is in itself 
 insufficie'nt, but-the day is misty, and-the assassin may 
 succeed in making-his way into-the citv. The insuf- 
 ficiency of-such gossip to offset his abusive writings in- 
 the Gazette, respecting-his cousin, is easy to see. I-said 
 \-should tlienceforth dismiss at-the outset such-an un- 
 satisfactory excuse for-his misrepresenting me \\\-those 
 
 TAYLOR 5. 
 
66 
 
 BRIEF SIGXS 
 
 speeches and sketches of-his. If-his cousin will hence- 
 forth allow him to inspect the books, the animosity of- 
 which \-spoke may subside. 
 
 LESSON XXXI 
 
 Iss with /- or R* 
 
 Exercise . 
 
 (T 
 
 -Q 
 
 L=* 
 
 p \N. X~ /^/^ 
 
 jj ^^^^* ^^ 
 
 _ ^ 
 
 V-rv' o Q 
 
 -*T, 
 
 /l-K 1 
 
 ^/^ 
 
 
 
 T 
 
 7 
 
 (60*7) 
 
 (60^) 
 
 (60^) 
 
 alas 
 
 syrup 
 
 Alaska 
 
 dissolve 
 
 Silas 
 
 (6oc) 
 
 ( 6oh ) 
 
 dazzle 
 
 Celia 
 
 resume 
 
 sSlid 
 
 Leslie 
 
 (upward) 
 
 (6o</) 
 
 Sylvia 
 
 missile 
 
 salary 
 
 Cyrus 
 
 cellar 
 
 muscle 
 
 select 
 
 arrows 
 
 (6oO 
 
 I-may-as-well 
 
 Russell 
 
 arise 
 
 listen 
 
 (i-M-sL i) 
 
 Saturday 
 
 arrays 
 
 lesson 
 
 (6o/) 
 
 resign 
 
 sir 
 
 Lawson 
 
 nicely 
 
 misery 
 
 s<^r 
 
 Louisiana 
 
 continuously 
 
 I-am -sorry 
 
 (6oe) 
 
 (6oy) 
 
 Kingsley 
 
 ( 6 5<0 
 
 assessor 
 
 castle 
 
 nasal 
 
 (60^) 
 
 wiser I 
 
 causal 
 
 anything-else 
 
 search 
 
 lessor 
 
 axle 
 
 something-else 
 
 service 
 
 loser 
 
 gazelle 
 
 w 
 
 sorry (59) 
 
 (6q/~) 
 
 refusal 
 
 Ellis 
 
 Sarah 
 
 baser 
 
 vessel 
 
 Alice 
 
 serious 
 
 desire 
 
 for-sale 
 
 else 
 
 seriously 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 67 
 
 73. For final r after a circle which turns like the 
 written O, ray is used. 
 
 officer sincere resource 
 
 no sir answer research 
 
 yes sir (omit one s) razor Ho^ser 
 
 74. The outlines of derivatives should usually adopt 
 the forms of the original words. (Therefore, the fol- 
 lowing words are exceptions to rule 60 z':) 
 
 illness alliance allowance 3 
 
 Exercise 60. 
 
 I-shall resume my researches, and I-wish to see as- 
 many-as-possible of-the assessors. On listening to my 
 reasons. Lawson was ready to resign his rights in-the 
 Louisiana alliance. I-am-sorry Alice spoke so hastily 
 of Houser's illness. If-such-an allowance is insufficient, 
 I-may-as-well resign all hope of receiving anything for- 
 the vessel. Leslie was sincere in-his refusal to receive 
 aid on-this lesson. Who-else but-a police officer has-a 
 right to search-the castle ? I-desire to-be of service in 
 exchange for-the salary Kingsley pays me. Will Sarah 
 Russel go also? No-sir, she-has something-else to-do 
 at-this-time. If anything-else should arise, write to 
 Celia and she-will answer. Was she sorry, sir, to have 
 Jason refuse-the house she-had for-sale ? Yes-sir, but 
 I-suppose it-is to-his-own advantage. Being contin- 
 uously a loser in-this business, Ellis has no resource but 
 to select something-else. Silas leaves for Alaska on 
 Saturday. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Elizabeth, w//ois-the cousin of Adams, spoke eva- 
 sively on-the cause of-the exciting episode. I-may thus 
 influence him and dispose him to think seriously of giv- 
 ing-his house to-us for-sale. I sincerely respect his 
 
68 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 religious views, and am myself always anxious to solicit 
 his aid and listen to-his teachings. They misjudge my 
 capacity to-be of service \n-those cities henceforth. The 
 citizens should absolve me, since they know such lan- 
 guage misrepresents me. Something-else may pacify 
 him in-his misery at-this unexpected discouragement . 
 They somehow seem dissatisfied, and look enviously on- 
 such examples of innocence and vivacity. Cyrus shows 
 an unwise and insane tenacity in opposing himself to-the 
 masonic officers, and thus accusing them. I-shall my- 
 self accuse Julius of being in-the vicinity of Lansing 
 on-the Saturday before Thanksgiving. Augustus and 
 Leslie are discussing-the subject of-the special signifi- 
 cance of-the book of Exodus. She-says this dish will do 
 nicely to dissolve the alum in. Has Fiske given any 
 sufficient excuse for thus accusing-and vexing these un- 
 happy boys? The House of Representatives was un- 
 willing thenceforth to make any allowance for inspect- 
 ing-\he. books. She-is-a cousin of Jessup who-said 
 something to-us severat-days-ago on-this special sub- 
 ject. Has-the religious service itself had no influence 
 on-his life? Oh-yes, for it-is always appealing to-the 
 higher ideals in each of-us. 
 
 LESSON XXXII 
 
 The Large Circle, Ses 
 
 75. A large circle, used in the same manner as the 
 small circle, represents two s sounds in one syllable. 
 Its name is ses, and it is indicated by ss. 
 
 X> Pss, pe-ses; \ ssR, ses-ar. 
 
 76. When' the vowel between the two s's is needed 
 for legibility, it is written within the circle thus: p de- 
 cisive, ^-z~$> Anchises. 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 6< 
 
 Exercise 61 . 
 
 \>C^oi;k^/_JD_l)_0_D^oV.nV-h 
 
 ( ' Y /^^ 9 5^\ 9 ^\ \ 
 
 v) <7 xT") xT?) v A O X^ O Q -O Q'Q /. x/^ x^^ x^ G2 D \ i 
 
 OX /^/^ / y<S V_ O-fL~S\ \ P \ X< 
 
 d R 6 fx N / Vs_ \ \o =-K ^> rr-x J / \ 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 cK G 
 
 WITHOUT VOWELS. 
 
 passes 
 possess 
 supposes 
 cases 
 success 
 suffices 
 raises 
 
 Moses 
 commences 
 houses 
 refuses 
 resources 
 emphasis 
 exercise 
 
 consist 
 system 
 season 
 Susan 
 possessed 
 desist 
 resist 
 
 insist 
 necessity 
 necessary 
 unnecessary 
 (N-Nss-R) 
 Mississippi 
 success 
 
 
 
 
 successive 
 
 WITH VOWELS IN THE CIRCLE. 
 
 decisive incisive Cecil recess 
 
 WITH VOWELS NOT IN THE CIRCLE. 
 
 opposes basis leases reduces 
 
 pieces offices losses society 
 
 Note. Remember that .r. consists of the sounds k-s or g-z. 
 
 boxes taxes excess exist 
 
 Texas fixes excessive exhaust 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 possibilities 
 
 Pss I 
 
 suspect 
 
 ssP 
 
 causes 
 
 i 
 
 accuses 
 
 3 
 
 themselves 
 
 DHss 
 
 enthusiasm 
 
 N-THss 
 
 enthusiastic 
 
 N-THss 
 
 ourselves 
 
 Rss 3 
 
 yourselves 
 
 Yss 
 
 United States 
 
 Nss i 
 
 AND POSITION. 
 
 United States of 
 
 America 
 influences 
 impossibilities 
 successful-ly 
 is as. is his 
 his is, his has 
 as is, as has 
 as his, has his 
 
 Nss-M i 
 Nss i 
 MPss i 
 sKss-F 
 
 SS I 
 SS I 
 
 SS 2 
 SS 2 
 
JO BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 (Use ses thus: o this is ; Q-^ as soon.) 
 
 this has as soon as the 
 
 this is as soon as possible 
 
 this is a it is said 
 
 this is the on this side 
 in these cases (see 50) on this subject 
 
 is said in this city 
 
 has said in this suit 
 as soon as 
 
 Exercise 62. 
 
 The society is insisting on-your paying-the taxes on- 
 the houses yourselves. As-soon-as-the summer season 
 commences, they expect to leave the United States, as- 
 his cousin has-said. This system 5s-said to-be success- 
 ful in-these offices. She refuses all aid, and insists 
 she-has-a sum which suffices for all necessaries. Susan 
 has an excessive dislike for-the exercise, and alvvavs in- 
 fluences us. if-possible, to pass it, as-is her wish now. 
 It-is unnecessary to speak in so decisive a way of-these 
 causes. Moses is enthusiastic and fixes the time for-the 
 visit to Texas at December 15. They suspect it-is 
 among-the impossibilities to succeed in-this-suit. Is-his 
 cousin to speak on-this subject since this-has come to-his 
 knowledge? Looking at-the gems, I-see his-is much 
 like yours in shape, and is-as large, but his-has fewer 
 faces. Cecil accuses us as being ourselves the cause 
 of-his ill success on-this-side of-the sea. They them- 
 selves show no enthusiasm in thus amusing us. They 
 possessed no knowledge of-the causes for-this emphasis 
 on-the possibilities of-the United States of America. 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 71 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 This-is-a necessity which exists, and stoicism never 
 insists in-such-cases. Cecil was in Mississippi several 
 successive seasons, and was as successful in-his specialty 
 as-his cousin. The fact is-as I-said, she-is suspicious 
 and opposes our receiving Cecil, as-well-as yourself, 
 into-the society. The example of-this citizen 's discour- 
 agement somehow effaces all our enthusiastic hopes for 
 success on-this basis. They suspect the house of Har- 
 ris &-Co., in-the United States of America, to-be ex- 
 hausting our resources. This causes us to lay emphasis 
 on-the United States law. This-is-the wrong of-\vhich 
 it-is-said Anson accuses me. Use the recess time to suit 
 yourselves. This-is-a duty which-the manufactiirers 
 themselves should see to as-soon-as-possible. This re- 
 duces us to-the necessity of ourselves paying henceforth 
 all losses in excess of $50. This box is-his also, and- 
 the two boxes have in them all his leases and receipts 
 for taxes. Ellis has-his hypothesis on-this-subject, and 
 owes it to-the citizens to give it to-them. Moses has- 
 said the book consists of-a thousand pages. Otis sup- 
 poses I possess no knowledge of-the possibilities of-such 
 influences. They refer to-the synopsis of-a case such- 
 as-lias come up in-this-suit. Has-his enthusiasm become 
 less since seeing these impossibilities? No-sir, his-is an 
 enthusiasm which passes by all impossibilities. I-am- 
 sorry my faith is so insignificant in-these-cases, since 
 his-is ahvays so high. //<?~f-many of-them will the 
 com'mittee of-the House of Representatives inspect, and 
 how-long will it take in-this-case ? 
 
BRIEF SIGN'S 
 
 LESSON XXXIII 
 
 The Small Loop, Steh 
 
 77. The sounds st or zd beginning or ending a word, 
 are represented by a small loop turned as the circle 
 would be turned in the same situation. Its name is 
 
 \ P 
 
 steh, and it is indicated by st : Ni Pst, pe-steh : f stT, 
 
 steh-te. 
 
 Exercise 63. 
 
 WITHOUT VOWELS. 
 
 composed 
 supposed 
 best 
 
 just 
 cost 
 safest 
 
 commenced 
 haste 
 west 
 
 exposed 
 convinced 
 refused 
 
 dust 
 chest 
 
 fast 
 must 
 
 discussed 
 dismissed 
 
 unjust 
 invest 
 
 step (58^) (6o<5) 
 
 state store starch 
 
 story (stR) star .sturdy 
 
 stock storm starve 
 
 (6o/) (683) 
 
 stt'al bastings 
 
 still castings 
 
 style fastings 
 
 WITH VOWELS. 
 
 opposed honest stop adjust (ajst) 
 
 coast . induced steady stamp 
 
 August arrest study stung 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 73 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 is it, is to 
 
 
 as it, as tol 
 has it. first J 
 
 -*- 
 
 happiest 
 
 Pst 3 
 
 at first 
 
 Tst 3 
 
 largest 
 
 J st 3 
 
 next 
 
 Nst 
 
 stenography-er 
 
 stN 
 
 suggest 
 
 sjst 
 
 caused 
 
 I 
 
 accused 
 
 3 
 
 southeast 
 
 sTHst 3 
 
 assist-ance 
 
 Sst 
 
 almost 
 
 all-Mst 
 
 influenced 
 
 Nst i 
 
 longest 
 
 NGst 
 
 youngest 
 
 NGst 3 
 
 request 
 
 R-Kst 
 
 machinist 
 
 M-SHst 
 
 investment 
 
 N-Vst 
 
 southwest 
 
 sWst 
 
 exercised 
 
 Ks-Rst 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 as to a the <r t^_ 
 as it was 
 is it a the 
 
 is it possible 
 is it necessary 
 first time 
 
 Exercise 64. 
 
 I-must make haste to assist them before-the first of 
 August. At-first Steve supposed they-had dismissed 
 the youngest boy at-the request of August. Stout, the 
 machinist, was asking-the stenographer as-to-the charges 
 on-the castings. Harris is-the happiest boy in-the state 
 since they commenced to-go to- the coast each August. 
 Is-it-necessary to suggest anything to-them as-to invest- 
 ing-the money in-this stock? Is-it-a cousin of Stella's 
 who-is going to-the Southeast next August? Is-it your 
 wish for-the society to seek the safest investment? Is- 
 it-possible $50 will pay all-the cost? I exercised my 
 best powers and influenced them to take-the stock as-it- 
 was. Has-it caused any loss to-your company in-the 
 Southwest? They accused August of stealing some- 
 
74 BRIEF' SIC. NS 
 
 thing at-the store* I-supposecl this space was for-the 
 longest and largest boxes. They-have for-the first-time 
 refused to adjust the business satisfactorily to-us. I- 
 think it almost impossible just at-this-time to assist him 
 in-his studies. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 \\i-may-be necessary to lay several of-the best things 
 in-the chest, as-it never will-do to leave them exposed 
 to-the dust. I- was at-first convinced, for they-said it- 
 was unjust. It still seems an unsatisfactory step for-the 
 society. Is-it-necessary to say I somehow induced Steve 
 to resist having-the story discussed? At-his request 
 I-shall make the next outside investment in-the South- 
 west as they suggest. Stella was dissatisfied and un- 
 willing to desist, and she accused me of being amongst 
 those who opposed her. I-was amazed at-his stiff style 
 of writing, ancl-the unnecessary length -of-his loops. 
 As I passed the store, the youngest boys stood still and 
 spoke to me. As-to-the last itemized list, it-was refused 
 by-the copyist. Is-it-possible to adjust this business 
 first, so-as-to make-the least cost to-the machinist? Be- 
 ing unopposed, she caused her name to-be affixed to the 
 lease. They suspect the manufacturers thenceforth 
 boxed the starch in-the cheapest way. I exercised my 
 po~i.ver to-the utmost, and at-last influenced them to leave 
 the notice just as-it-was. Is-it-the longest list, as-is sup- 
 posed, which-is to-be annexed? 7Yicse are the largest 
 and loftiest elms I-have noticed in Massachusetts. It 
 vexed the sturdy boy to-be stung by bees. The stealthy 
 step is on-the southeast stairway, as-it seems-(to)-me. 
 Has-it for-the first-time given a stimulus to-the study of 
 statistics? Is-it-an impossibility to-do this, if Stella, 
 the stenographer, is-to-have the assistance of-a copyist? 
 The memory of-those happiest days was never effaced 
 by-the storms of life. 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 75 
 
 LESSON XXXIV 
 The Circle for st. The Large Loop, Ster. 
 
 78. a. Between stroke-consonants in words or phrases, 
 the sound st is represented by the circle only, thus: 
 
 - o postal, -s-~i>,' mistake. 
 
 b. In a few words the loop may be used medially, 
 
 thus: -k^ testify, ..fa. justify, P~~'* > distance. 
 
 79. a. A large loop represents str or sthr at the end 
 of a word or phrase. Its name is ster and it is indicated 
 
 by str. -..xy Pstr, pe-ster ; / Rstr, ray-ster. 
 
 b. The large loop may also be used medially: 
 
 (K^ disturb. 
 So. For an additional s, tss may follow ses, stch or 
 
 ster, thus : <O possesses, ?? costs. 
 Exercise 6j. - 
 
 (79) 
 
 (So) 
 
7 6 
 
 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 Chester 
 pastor 
 
 faster 
 Foster 
 
 (7&0 (78*) 
 
 testimony testify 
 
 majestic justify 
 
 text-book destiny 
 
 dishonestly distance register 
 
 postoffice (79#) 
 
 domestic master 
 postage 
 
 (79*) 
 
 disturb 
 
 yesterday 
 Amsterdam 
 (So) 
 
 postmaster costs 
 luster lasts 
 
 Sylvester Dexter rests 
 
 arrests 
 
 invests 
 
 wastes 
 
 justice 
 
 successes 
 
 excesses 
 
 registers 
 
 paymasters 
 
 is there 
 as there \ 
 has there J 
 up stairs 
 
 is there a 
 is there any 
 
 is it his 
 
 as it is has "I 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 o 
 
 Pstrs 
 
 suggests 
 shoestore 
 bookstore 
 distinguish 
 
 sjsts 
 SHstr 
 B-Kstr. 
 Dst-XG-SH 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 ( 7 S) 
 I must be 
 
 as it (is) said 
 (Use ses for sts) 
 
 they must have just as much 
 
 as to his 
 as there is 
 
 just as much as 
 just (as) soon as 
 
 _&. 
 
 she must go 
 I must say 
 
 just now (78^) just as well ( Jss-L) 
 just as well as 
 
 Exercise 66. 
 
 Chester thinks my testifying yesterday as-to-his tests 
 was-a mistake. Dexter must-be off for-the shoestore at 
 seven, and Sylvester inust-have-the largest cases ready 
 just-as-soon-as-possible. Lester is-the boy who- must- 
 have charge of-the text-book lists for-the bookstore. I- 
 must-say it-seems just-as-well to take his testimony, 
 as-there-is nothing-else before-the justice of-the peace 
 just-now. I honestly think-the distance too long for- 
 those who-must-be in Amsterdam soon. I must-go 
 faster, as-it-is necessary to-be at-the postoffice before 
 
BRIEF SIGXS 77 
 
 five to register the package. Is-there-a book of Hes- 
 ter's up- stairs? Is-it-the adjuster for-the company who 
 suggests this step as-their safest hope? Is there-any- 
 thing in-this to disturb our domestic life? Is-there - 
 nothing to justify-the postmaster in taking such-a step? 
 Chester, as-it-(is)-said, wastes his money in-'a majestic 
 style, for nothing arrests him. This silk costs less and 
 lasts just-as-well, but it has- no luster. Has-their mes- 
 sage given Foster the distinguishing signs which-must- 
 be noticed ? 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 It-must-be-a mistake to ask so much postage as-lhis. 
 Those who-may-be doing-the writing must-have just-as- 
 much time as-is necessary. As-to-his postal, it-must-go 
 to-the post-office just-as-soon-as-possible. I-vvill copy 
 the names on-your lists just-as-well-as I-know how. I- 
 must-have-the signatures ready for-the pay-master the 
 Jirst-\\me I-see him. Is-there room for-the smallest 
 chests up-stairs in-his-own house? Is-it-the injustice 
 of-the task-master which allows us no rest? Is-there no 
 way to distinguish such signs as-this? No songsters are 
 seen \n-these dim recesses. Ottr huckster almost always 
 has lobsters for-sale. They-must-be satisfied, as-it-(is)- 
 said your son is to-be-the next pastor. I must-be still 
 seeking success, though just-now his sinister designs are 
 delaying me. She possesses no castors for-the lounge, 
 and it-must-have some. Is-it-his wish to-go now, as- 
 there-is nothing' \vhich-must-be seen to? Chester sug- 
 gests my selling-the bookstore just as-it-is. Has-their 
 adjuster come to fix up the fire losses at Dexter's whole- 
 sale shoestore ? As-there may-be guests at Mrs. Kings- 
 ley's in December. I-may-as-well stay at Hester's. 
 On-his saying this to-a cousin of-his, I-was satisfied and 
 wrote to make excuses- for-him. Lester is-to go to-a 
 store on-this-side of-the avenue to buy-a new stove for 
 Mrs. Dempster. I-am-sorry Foster owes me anything- 
 else besides this. Those who-said this as-though object- 
 ing to it, desire to situate themselves in-a similar way. 
 
78 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 LESSON XXXV 
 
 Semicircles Representing W and Y 
 
 Si. A small semicircle joined at the beginning of a 
 stroke represents iv or y in certain cases when used as a 
 consonant. A circle divided vertically gives the brief 
 signs for w, divided horizontally, for y, thus: c j w : ^ ^ y. 
 The names of these signs are -voch, ivuh and yeh. ynh, 
 and they are indicated by w and y. 
 
 a. web: <\ ] / \,l J 
 
 b. wuh : .j 5 -j _ 
 
 c. veh: "\ *} 
 
 \ I / 
 
 d. yuh : n fv ^ 
 
 82. With /ay, ray, em, and en, the w is joined as an 
 
 initial hook, thus: ( / ^-^ ^ , 
 
 wel vver wem wen 
 
 Note. L and R are always upward with this hook. (M may 
 follow ray with a hook : tj s warm.) 
 
 83. Iss may be written within the brief w or y, thus: 
 
 / switch, jrf^x usurp, c/ swear, 
 
 ^-^ swim, fc swell, ^^. swine. 
 
BRIEF SIGN: 
 
 79 
 
 Exercise 67. 
 
 JLu. 
 
 J~^LJ ^ Vk i o S^^U^L. 
 
 (81 a and ) 
 
 weep 
 
 watch 
 
 weaver 
 
 Watson 
 
 web 
 
 wages 
 
 waves 
 
 width 
 
 wait 
 
 wedge 
 
 woof 
 
 equip 
 
 weight 
 
 wake 
 
 wash 
 
 liquid 
 
 widow 
 
 walk 
 
 wing 
 
 
 wood 
 
 wife 
 
 witness 
 
 
 (82) 
 
 
 
 
 will (noun) 
 
 wool 
 
 worst 
 
 Winnie 
 
 Willie 
 
 unwieldy 
 
 work 
 
 windy 
 
 William 
 
 weary 
 
 worth 
 
 window 
 
 willow 
 
 war 
 
 worship 
 
 Winchester 
 
 wall 
 
 wire 
 
 warm ( See 8 ^ ote ) 
 
 wine 
 
 well 
 
 warp 
 
 unwearied 
 
 Wednesday 
 
 wealth 
 
 wear 
 
 unworthy 
 
 wince 
 
 welcome 
 
 warehouse 
 
 wigwam 
 
 once 
 
 Wallace 
 
 worse 
 
 win 
 
 Edwin 
 
 (Sic 
 
 and d} 
 
 
 
 yacht 
 
 yoke 
 
 yelk 
 
 yore 
 
 Yates 
 
 Yocum 
 
 Ulysses 
 
 Europe 
 
 Yeddo 
 
 yellow 
 
 Eunice 
 
 
So BRIEF SIGXS 
 
 (83) 
 
 sweep switch swarm dissuade 
 
 sweet swear wisdom unswayed 
 
 Swede swore usurp swallow 
 
 ABBREVIATION' AXD POSITION. 
 
 we will wL i anywhere N-wR i with me wM i 
 
 while wL I nowhere N-wR 2 with my wM i 
 
 awhile w T L i somewhere sM-wR we know wXo i 
 
 we are wR i aware wR 3 when wN i 
 
 where wR unaware N-wR 3 whenever wX-V 
 
 wherever vvR-V we may wM i one wX 2 
 
 whereby wR-B we must wMst i 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 we will be have somewhere else 
 
 with reference (wR-F) we may have go 
 
 with respect (wR-sP) we must be go 
 
 anywhere else we must have 
 
 nowhere else once in (a) while 
 
 Exercise 68. 
 
 We-must-be satisfied with-reference to-his welfare by 
 Wednesday of next week. We-will wait for Edwin at- 
 the south wing of-the house. We-are well satisfied when 
 we-may see them somewhere once-in-(a)-while. Wal- 
 lace's wife will wait and sweep the rooms while we-are 
 away. We-know the witness will refuse to swear to-the 
 width of-the wall. Walk on one-side of-the willows, 
 and go nowhere-else. We-must-see him with-respect 
 to-the wisdom of taking up some work whereby to aid 
 him. We-must-have one of-the boys along wherever 
 we-m ay-go. I-am worthy of-your faith and expect to 
 win it. William swore I-was nowhere but at-the switch 
 watching all-the while. We-mtist-go once to see Wat- 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 8 1 
 
 son, or wire him where we-may-be seen. They seem 
 at-home anywhere in Europe. The w T all' may-be unsafe 
 on-a windy day. We-will look at-his wares before buy- 
 ing anywhere-else. She was aware of-my wish to-have 
 her with-me whenever it-was possible. Yates will sell 
 his yoke of oxen to Weaver. I-was unaware of-your 
 wish to sell the yacht. Where may-I rest awhile with- 
 my baggage ? The air is sweet and warm among-the 
 willows. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 We- will-have our rights on-the Wabash, though-the 
 worst may come. We-are watching-the waves as-they 
 wash up almost on-the deck. The yelk of-an egg has- 
 a rich vellow hue. William's leaving-the company was 
 iiir^isc, but Edwin's usurping my rights at Winchester 
 was-a worse thing to-do. 7W/-necessary to-have Willie 
 wear his warm wool cap ? Sitting by-the window, I-saw 
 Winnie walking among-the willows as-though weary of- 
 the warm rooms. Where may-I sit and talk awhile 
 with-my cousin? I-was unaware of-your going any- 
 where but to Warsaw on Wednesday. When Yocum 
 commences to work with-me 011 my specialties his wages 
 will be $25 a -week. We-will ask Watson with-respect 
 to-the weight of-a similar wedge of wood. While in- 
 the war William commenced the use of wine. She-is 
 weary of-this tinsatisfactory life, and weeps for-the days 
 of yore. I-was aware tJicnccforth of-his unworthy 
 aims with-respect to-the use of-his wealth. We know 
 Ulysses and Yates are misrepresenting us in-the ware- 
 house, whereby they seek to dissuade Baxter. Nowhere- 
 else do-they equip a vessel so well. We-may-go as-far- 
 as the meadow fence to see the bees swarm. We-must 
 lay aside this unwieldy machinery, for it-is now insuffi- 
 cient for-the work. Eunice is unwearied in-the search, 
 but has-the disadvantage of seeking nowhere Jong. 
 We-are watching-the warp and woof as-the weaver 
 works. They-may worship whenever and wherever 
 
 TAYLOR 6. 
 
82 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 they choose. J/rs. Yates was unswayed by-the unwel- 
 come news of-the will. Shall-I-go somevyhere-else for- 
 the stamps? 
 
 LESSON XXXVI 
 
 The Semicircle in Vowel Positions 
 
 84. A semicircle placed beside a consonant stroke in 
 a vowel position represents the vowel of that position 
 preceded by TV or y. These combinations are called co- 
 alescents, since we is really ob-e and ye is e-e, etc. For 
 dot-vowels weh and yeh are used ; for dash-vowels, wuh 
 and yuh. (See Si.) 
 
 TABLE. 
 
 r ! L r i-_ L_ 
 
 we wa wa wa wo woo 
 
 r . VV [ ': L 
 
 wi we wa wo wii \\oo 
 
 r I- L r F L_ 
 
 ye ya ya ya yo yoo 
 
 r k i ;r h'L_ 
 
 yt ye ya yo yu yoo 
 
 85. A diphthong sign widened to form a right angle, 
 represents the diphthong preceded by u*, thus: | wi, 
 
 86. A coalescent sign may be joined to a consonant 
 or a vowel sign. 
 
 a. For y preceding a diphthong, the semicircle 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 83 
 
 may be joined to the diphthong sign, or the first-place 
 dot may be written for*the y, thus: 
 
 ^v v^" genii, X ~X""> meow. 
 
 b. The third-position coalescent ending a word, 
 or the wi beginning a word, may often be joined, (u 
 may be used for civ.*) 
 
 nephew mania wide 
 
 c. A tick may be joined for a following vowel, 
 as shown in paragraph 39 for diphthongs: 
 
 Buell ruin 
 
 Exercise 69. 
 
 \ ! L 
 
 
 
 
 
 Note.- A coalescent to be written is italicized. See 84 and 85. 
 
 query 
 tweezers 
 twist 
 AquiUa 
 
 twig 
 tw z'tch 
 Qwz'gley 
 qi/arry 
 
 quake 
 bewail 
 inquest 
 bequest 
 
 youth 
 7/nYque 
 ?^nite 
 7/nify 
 
 qualms 
 man me 
 quack 
 twice 
 
 acquit 
 See S6. 
 
 squaw 
 
 quotH ' 
 
 unison 
 
 
 review 
 due 
 sue 
 
 stat?/e 
 stat?/ary 
 rescue 
 
 insignzVz 
 Antonm 
 Celia 
 
 Cecil ia 
 Am("lz'<7 
 Olivz'a 
 
 widest 
 wipe 
 wight 
 
 Note. Sometimes another vowel, 
 portant than the coalescent, and in 
 
 if accented, 
 some cases 
 
 is more im- 
 no vowel is 
 
 needed. 
 
8 4 
 
 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 Xenia equity quiet iniquity vanquish 
 
 Delia pneumonia exquisite bequeath acquiescence 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 87. For some common words containing w or_y, the 
 semicircles are used alone, the position and direction 
 being determined bv the vowel, those having second 
 and third-place vowels all taking the second position. 
 
 Note. Find the signs in the table (841; this will greatly aid 
 in learning them. 
 
 with 
 
 what or water 
 
 would 
 
 ye or year 
 
 et 
 
 you 
 
 beyond 
 
 yearly / .. whatever \\hat-V quick K-K 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 (toid) 
 I were 
 I would 
 I would be 
 
 (83) 
 we said 
 what is 
 years ago 
 
 you should (48) 
 
 (50) 
 we had 
 
 we hope 
 
 if you will 
 you and I 
 you said 
 are you 
 
 Exercise 70. 
 
 We-have-seen no notice whatever of-the rescue we- 
 had last week. Quigley's step was quiet, though quick. 
 We-hope we-do right, for we-have-no wish to-do what-is 
 wrong. At-what-time are-we to-have-the inquest? I- 
 would assist you if she-would-be willing. How shall-I 
 
 (no angle) 
 you say (24) 
 you saw 
 you shall 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 85 
 
 answer as-to what I-shall-do with-the bequest? If-I- 
 were ready I-would go with Antonia. You-say we-said 
 we-knew it several years-ago ? We-fear you-are mak- 
 ing-a mistake in uniting with-this company. We-must 
 thank-you for twice acquitting our nephew. You- 
 shou Id-be satisfied if-you-think you-will-have a yearly 
 income with-which to work. If-you-have time when 
 you-are in Yeddo, will-you visit Amelia ? If-you-see 
 William at-the fair, you-may give him this message for 
 Olivia, if-you-will. Do-you-have sufficient money for 
 Celia, or do-you-think of asking for-a check? Would- 
 the water have-had time to rise beyond-the stakes yet? 
 What year were-they on-the lakes with-your wife and 
 you? " Because I live ye-shall live also." 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 \Ve-expect still to visit-the Yarrow each year, as we- 
 have-said. \Vhat-is-the reason these youths argue with 
 one in so unique a way? They-were expecting to pay 
 you at Thanksgiving zu/ien-the money was due. It- 
 would-be well to know what-was-said of-the exchange 
 by Aquilla. This-is-the quietest nook we-have-seen 
 anywhere, and we-shall stay awhile. It-is-a life which- 
 would-be like Utopia to-you, and you-shall stay with-us 
 if-you will. We-have-a mania for statuary, being as 
 enthusiastic as-ever. Are- we ourselves yet ready for-a 
 quick review of-the lessons on-the United States of 
 America? We suspect Ulysses wore no insignia of-his 
 rank as-his usual custom was. We-have-said-the monev 
 would-be ready when due, and this-is as-much-as it-is 
 possible to say. You-shall-have all-the time you-wish, 
 for it-seems-(to)-me we-shall-have no use for-the money 
 before Thanksgiving. We, in-the House of Repre- 
 sentatives, were all ready to eulogize him. With-a yelp 
 the dog leaps beyond-the edge of-the water as-his mas- 
 ter speaks to-hiin. Do ye yourselves have no qualms at 
 committing such iniquities? Your nephew will give far 
 beyond his quota for-thc assistance of-the discharged 
 
86 BRIEF SIGN'S 
 
 teamsters. VVe bewail the loss of-the quarry just-as- 
 much-as they themselves do. Is-it unexpected to see 
 swarthy-faced squaws in-a wigwam? In justice and 
 equity you-should bequeath something-else to-him. The 
 voices in unison make sweet music. Who- would think 
 they would go twice on-such-a quest? Delia had-the 
 pneumonia white in Xenia. 
 
 LESSON XXXVII 
 
 Enlarged Semicircles 
 
 88. To represent two of the words under 87 a larger 
 sign is used. These signs are made horseshoe shape, 
 and take the position of the first word in the combina- 
 tion.. They are called weh-weh, wuh-wuh, weh-yeh, 
 wuh yuh and yuh-yuh, respectively. All but the last 
 are given in two positions. 
 
 a. For w-w the sign is horizontal : 
 C D 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 a 
 
 we were 
 we would 
 with what 
 
 were we 
 
 what we 
 what were 
 what would 
 
 would we 
 
 b. For w-y the sign takes the natural writing 
 slant: 
 
 O O 
 Ct o 
 
 with you were you what you would you 
 
 c. For y-w the sign is vertical \\keyou. 
 
 you were 
 you would 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 87 
 
 9. A still larger sign may represent three words: 
 
 what were you 
 what would you 
 what you were 
 what ou would 
 
 Exercise 
 
 what were we 
 what would we 
 what we were 
 what we would 
 
 . 
 
 T 
 
 "T 
 
 Exercise 72. 
 
 We-\vould-be willing to help you if-you-\vould take 
 what-we-do as honest and fair. Have-you no memory 
 of -the work we-vvere-doing-a year-ago? Ask her if 
 what-we-say is right. What-would-it cost to carry the 
 water-pipe beyond-the wall ? What-were Winnie and 
 Willie doing? I-wish you-would take me with -you. 
 Would-you-have supposed you-would-be so successful 
 in-this? Would-you-say you-were in error ? Were-vou 
 in Europe last year? You-said you-would-go at seven; 
 do-you-expect me to-go with-you ? You-would-have 
 liked-the poem if-you-had seen it. We-know what-you 
 desire; why are-you worrying us with-it? You-will 
 soon be where you-were hoping to-go. You-say you- 
 know you-were never in-time. Do-you-vvish you-and-I 
 going with-them ? You-must show us what-you- 
 
88 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 were-doing as we came in. How were-we to know 
 what-you-were-doing or what-you-would wish us to-do? 
 What-would-you-say to making-a thorough review? 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 We-were untwisting-the wire so-as-to-be ready for-the 
 work. We-would-be happier if-those in alliance tvith- 
 us were less wily. Were-we to ship the waxwork on 
 Wednesday, which-is-the day William had set for-his 
 own work? YVhat-we most bewail is-this time lost in 
 situating ourselves to satisfy you. What-were they 
 waiting for, as-if expecting the genii to give them some- 
 thing? .What-would-it cost to equip such ships a^-this 
 which wg-have-seen ? We-would-have no right to-the 
 wealth we-had amassed in-this-city. With-you, this 
 may-be impossible in-the swirl of -your wholesale busi- 
 ness in Pennsylvania, Were-you watching-the bewitch- 
 ing fairies on yon -water lily? What-you-say is signifi- 
 cant enough to make me quake with fear, //ozt'-much 
 would-you think a sufficiency as-an allowance for-the 
 whole thousand folios? You-were walking warily, 
 though you-had-the widest space, as-is now seen. What- 
 were-you doing when-the earthquake came severa/-da\s- 
 ago? What-would-you-have given to Yule if-you-had 
 discharged the stenographer? Show me what-you 
 swathe the lame arm in. I-know what-you-would-do 
 for me in Pennsylvania and Massachusetts, so-as-to 
 keep me in-the alliance. I-may-as-well say we-would 
 take the money of -you now if-you-had it. I-have already 
 signified to-you what- we- were hoping for ever-s'mce 
 you-came. You-have given no insignificant assistance, 
 for what-were-we before you-were with-us ? Have ye 
 never yet seen the insujjiciency of-such influences to dis- 
 suade us? 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 89 
 
 LESSON XXXVIII 
 Brief Signs for H 
 
 90. For h beginning a syllable which ends in a con- 
 sonant a small tick is used. The name of the tick is 
 heh, and it is indicated by h. 
 
 a. Before most of the consonants the tick slants 
 
 "\ / \ / 1 
 
 upward like ray (void) : \ / 
 
 hP hCH hF hTH hSH hN 
 
 b. Before K, M, W and R the tick is downward 
 
 like chay (choid): ^ * / ^ *-^ i ' 
 
 hK hG hM hMP hR hW 
 
 c. Before L, the tick is downward like P 
 
 (poid): / 
 
 Note. This tick in its various forms is distinguished from 
 the joined / by position, direction, or the presence of vowels, 
 and by the context. 
 
 91 . In the combination tv/i. the h is sounded before the 
 iv and is therefore written before it in shorthand, thus: 
 
 (Poid) ^.^ whine, I whet, 
 
 I/I whirl, (roid) <"~^ whim 
 
 92. Where the tick can not readily be written, the h 
 may be represented by a dot placed before the vowel, 
 
 thus: > mayhap, s\^ rehash, /Tj; Mohawk. 
 
9 
 
 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 Exercise ?j. 
 
 Note. When heh is to be written before r, use ar, and not ray. 
 
 hence heavy hark 
 
 handy hush harp 
 
 hinge Hutchison Harlow 
 
 hyrnn horse harsh 
 
 hammock hear harm 
 
 homely here harmony 
 
 93. In many outlines the h may be omitted altogether, 
 wheel whim white 
 
 whale whip behalf 
 
 whence wheat mishap 
 
 94. In the following words the stroke H may be used, 
 or the tick or dot with a downward R. 
 
 adhere cohere abhor 
 
 (Practice all the words under 91, 92, 93 and 94, as 
 well as the list following the last exercise above.) 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 he heh 2 u half F 3 
 
 Note. On account of its vowel the he would naturally take 
 the first position, but to distinguish it from I, it is placed on the 
 line and made downward. After signs, made upward it is not 
 like /. 
 
BRIEF SIGXS 91 
 
 PHRASING. 
 (65") ) 
 
 he has | * was he - 1 - 
 
 he is / said he I 
 
 (;i3) (choid) 
 
 he has had ") ^ has he /> 
 
 he said J / 
 
 , , is he , 
 
 he has a I 
 
 \ -*- he says (he-sZ) 
 
 he is a J J v 
 
 x . ,N he and I A ,. 
 
 (roid) 
 
 1,1 I he should - 
 
 had he I 
 
 Exercise 74.. 
 
 He-must hang-the window with heavy hinges. He- 
 may arrange-the business with Harlow in harmony with 
 our wishes. He-should-go ; and if-he-does he-and-I will 
 see you at Harley's store. Hitch-the white horses to-the 
 hearse and-the hacks. He hung his cap on-a hook in- 
 the hall. Hush your talking so we-may hear the hymn. 
 He-would-be-the last to give up any whim. He-shall 
 haul the wheat to-the city for-you when he-has-the 
 wheels fixed. Is-he willing to speak in-my behalf? 
 He-goes this week to Europe to study the harp and 
 will -be away half -the year. "Whence came -the 
 books?" said-he. He-should-be here soon if he-has-had 
 no mishap on-the way. Was-he in-the room and had- 
 he my harp? Has-he Hiram's top? Xo, he-has yours, 
 and he-is whirling it on-the walk. He-has-no knowl- 
 edge of Hutchison's being in Mohawk Valley. I still 
 adhere to my idea. He-has-a heavy whip. 
 REVIEW. 
 
 He-was watching her make-a wider hem in-his-own 
 hammock. He-is-the handiest of-the boys, and is-a 
 machinist* hence he-may-be doing no harm. We-ivill 
 
92 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 hire him to whet our knives when he-comes by here. 
 He-must-be-the one of -whose inefficiency you-spoke. 
 He-has much enthusiasm for music, but he-has-no harp 
 of-his-own. It-is-a huge heap of sticks lying beside-the 
 hedge. Hark and hear how hoarse her voice is since 
 her illness. It-seems-(to)-me he-had too heavy a whip. 
 He-was giving us a rehash of-his whale-fishing stories 
 while we-were waiting. We-know the pieces will easily 
 cohere. This-is but-a hoax, for we-are all aware how 
 he abhors such things. He-has-a twig with-a. small 
 hangnest on it. It-was-a harmless whitish liquid. He- 
 and-I were on-the wharf to-do homage to-you. He-says 
 they-were working together harmoniously when-the 
 hapless nephew influenced the youngest boy to-go some- 
 iu/iere-e\se. This successful piece of whitewashing is- 
 his handiwork. I hear the whirring of wings beyond- 
 the hedge whenever I-am still. We-were fearing he- 
 would-\\<\\e hemorrhage of-the lungs. We-were listen- 
 ing to hearsay testimonv as-to-his teachings. What-we 
 think they fear most is heresy. Were-you at The 
 Hague while in Europe? He asks what-you think 
 of-this as-a harmonious effect. Would-you-say it-was 
 hectic warmth ? T"ou-were-\\\e one who harmonized 
 what-we-were doing with what-we-were saying. \Ve- 
 said you-would do-the work so handily. You-were 
 harsh when you-said we should-have no yearly allow- 
 ance whatever. We-will-be watching for Hiram once-. 
 in-(a)-while. 
 
 LESSON XXXIX 
 
 Use of Strokes for Consonants Having Brief Signs 
 
 95. a. In words whose vowels, if written, require 
 strokes for 5, /, w, y, or //, in order to show their posi- 
 tions, the strokes are always used instead of the brief 
 signs, whether the vowel is written or not. For exam- 
 ple, in the word aside, if the circle is used for the s, 
 
BRIEF SIGXS 93 
 
 there is no place to write the a; therefore the outline 
 S-D must be used. 
 
 b. The use of a stroke for a consonant \vhich 
 has a brief sign indicates that a vowel is to be read 
 with it. The form of the outline thus indicating the 
 presence of some vowel, it is usually unnecessary to write 
 
 the vowel. For example, the outline Y \ shows that 
 a vowel is to be read with the 6", so that the word must 
 
 be asleep, and not sleep, which would be written \. 
 The outline | p essence can net be sense, which would 
 
 be written <i p . Rust is written /> ? but /^l ' s 
 
 rusty. Short e (e), pronounced with such a stroke in 
 reading, will usually suggest the word. 
 
 96. General rule for the use of strokes in full outlines : 
 a. Write a stroke for each syllable, and provide 
 a place for each vowel. 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 CONTRASTED WORDS ILLUSTRATING THE RULE. 
 
 (Read across each pair of columns.) 
 
 hire hurry 
 
 here hero 
 
 horse Horace 
 
 haste hasty 
 
 hSnest honesty 
 
 August Augusta 
 
 August's Augustus 
 rest receipt 
 
 vast visit 
 
 test tacit 
 
 opposed opposite 
 deposed deposit 
 
 best Bassett 
 
 fast faucet 
 
 request requisite 
 
 host hostess 
 
 b. Exceptions occur where a syllable has only a 
 vowel: Asa, Iowa ; or where an initial or final conso- 
 nant may be represented by a brief sign, the vowels be- 
 ing otherwise provided for. 
 
 side 
 
 aside 
 
 sleep 
 
 asleep 
 
 scope 
 
 escape 
 
 sum 
 
 assume 
 
 juice 
 tennis 
 
 juicy 
 Tennessee 
 
 bees 
 does 
 lease 
 
 busy 
 dizzy 
 lessee 
 
 laws 
 
 lazy 
 
 pies 
 odds 
 
 pious 
 odious 
 
 case 
 
 chaos 
 
 joys 
 wake 
 
 joyous 
 awake 
 
 wait 
 
 await 
 
 easy 
 
 assess 
 
 assist 
 
 Asa 
 soda 
 society 
 
 Iowa 
 
 passes 
 
 stocky 
 
 Ohio 
 witty 
 woody 
 
 (See 74) Lacey's, Macy's, Lizzie's. 
 
 97. When all the consonants in a word are such as 
 have brief signs, a stroke must be used for one of them, 
 and preference is given first to w orjy, and then to h. 
 weighs whey yeast Hester 
 
 sway whist houses hasten 
 
 west whistle haste hazel 
 
 Worcester(Wstr)yes host 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 95 
 
 98. Initial s should be a circle (unless it is the only 
 consonant). 
 
 cease size sauce 
 
 ceases seize Susie 
 
 Note. Where 5 is the only consonant in a word the stroke 
 must be used ; also in derivatives of such words : say, says ; 
 saw, saws, etc. 
 
 99. H followed by s is always a stroke, 
 hasp husk husky hasten 
 
 100. Initial z is a stroke. 
 
 zeal zero Xenia Zion 
 
 101. Words beginning with sw, followed by a hori- 
 zontal stroke or /, may be written with the stroke for w, 
 if preferred. (Compare 81 a, and 83.) 
 
 swallow swim swing swag 
 
 swell swamp swung 
 
 Exercise 76. 
 
 I-will ask Hugh Harrison to write-the essay, for it-is 
 always easy for-him. This saw weighs as-much-as yours 
 but is smaller in size. On Tuesday Jessie will leave for 
 Iowa to visit her cousin Augusta. I-saw Louis seize-the 
 hoe and go to work with-a will (wL). Hester will go 
 to Ohio on receipt of-my message and will await my 
 coming in Xenia. Chester Howe never ceases to enjov- 
 the game of whist. I-will assist Bessie to make-the 
 yeast. When-the storm ceases, we-shall-go to visit-the 
 asylum. I assume you-will easily reach Omaha by-the 
 r 2th. They set aside all he-said as worth nothing. 
 I-was asleep at-first but awoke as we-came into Xenia. 
 It-is easier to await Lizzie's coming in Ottawa. The 
 business affairs of Augustus Smith, the lessee, are in-a 
 state of chaos. Fawcett thinks-the jury will assess the 
 
96 BRIEF' SIGNS 
 
 damages too low. It makes me dizzy to hurry so fast. 
 Daisy came in with rosy cheeks, for-the air was at zero. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 The houses of Macy, the assignee, were assessed at 
 $4,000, as-his cousin has-said. They seem to-be having 
 as joyous a time as-ever, but are too noisy with-\i. We- 
 shall make-a hasty visit to Lehigh Valley, as-it seems- 
 (to)-be necessary for various causes. We-will fasten it 
 with-a hasp, as-this lock is too rusty. Will Susie go 
 ahead of Ezra in-this study? Yes-sir, this-is ivhat she- 
 is hastening to-do. In Tennessee I-saw holly for-the 
 first-time. Is-it-possible the noise I hear is caused by 
 chimney swallows? Is-it-the saucy boy whistling in-the 
 southeast meadow? Deputy Zion has always a haughty 
 and odious way in adjusting any business, Thev them- 
 selves are now enthusiastic, being awake to-the possibil- 
 ities of-the business in-the United- States-of- Am erica. 
 This-has some advantage for yourselves, but jyew-must- 
 be busy or it-may escape you. It-is-said this-is-the 
 necessary effect in-t/iese-cases, where the requisite zeal 
 is lacking. Has-it influenced the stenographer to-go 
 to Worcester? \-would suggest an investment in stock 
 in Bassett's company in one of-the states in-the South- 
 east. Is-there-K minister by-the name of Lacev at-the 
 house of-your hostess? We-were with-my son in-the 
 cosy summer house in-the hollow, and were nowhere- 
 else. Would-we do well to deposit money in Hawley's 
 bank when on-a visit to-the Southwest ? Looking west 
 the horizon at-first seems far off. Our host has much 
 pious talk, but is accused of having small honesty. 
 As-tt-is impossible to distinguish the hero, is-there- 
 anything to-do but to respect them all alike? 
 
BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 97 
 
 Note. Distinguish by shading 
 fareful writing. 
 
 Adams, Thomas, James 
 Will, Willie 
 well, wall, wheel 
 Willis, Wells, Wales, 
 
 Wallace 
 
 past, opposed, best 
 must, most, himself 
 staid, steady 
 least, lost, lowest 
 he. who 
 next, longest 
 influence, things 
 these, this, those 
 speak, expect, suspect 
 this, yours 
 
 themselves, yourselves 
 cost, caused 
 
 LESSON XL 
 
 Conflicting Words 
 
 vowels, position, outline or 
 
 August, Augustus, 
 
 Augusta's 
 decease, disease 
 are we, are you 
 possible, business 
 task, desk 
 russet, rusty 
 music, mistake 
 when, we know 
 hostess, hosts 
 refused, revised 
 opposite, beside 
 state, city 
 stood, sat 
 Jessie, Josie 
 Cecil, Cecilia, Sicily 
 atheist, theist 
 
 Exercise 77. 
 
 Adams would-have no possible influence in-the state. 
 When shall Willis take this box back? Wallace sat op- 
 posite Willie, who stood beside-the wheel. Miss Wales 
 and Josie stood by-the task the longest time. May-they 
 possiblv suspect something? The cause of-these things 
 is in yourselves. He most suspects us when we-are 
 away. It-may-be opposed by-the ledge. He-may re- 
 fuse the book. Will was staid and quiet. Who leased 
 TAYLOR 7. 
 
98 BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 the house a year-ago? Those companies make-the 
 lowest charge. I-\vish you-would walk faster. The 
 rock was b\-the wall. Does Thomas say we-know they 
 expect him. They-think past times are best times. It- 
 was of-a russet hue. The hosts came in soon. -Au- 
 gusta's cousin had-the name of Howell. Hawley speaks 
 of making-a new will. It-was sad music. This hour 
 for study is best. Were-they speaking together? James 
 saw both pieces and likes yours best. Are-we to sit here 
 and await his coming? Cecil had no knowledge of-his 
 disease. Cecilia was in Sicily all-the year. They-say 
 he-is-an atheist. It cost me much heavy work. 
 
 Exercise 78. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS WORDS UNDER BRIEF SIGNS. 
 
 Soap, soup, sat, stew, dies, chess, etches, conceive, 
 vice, eaves, soothe, mace, mouse, inns, hiss, hies, snug, 
 snag, singe, scum, speck, subdue, synagogue, tameness, 
 thickness, dimness, dumbness, cheapness, book-case, in- 
 famous, minus, shabbiness, apex, moodiness, omnibus, 
 meekness, sickness, sagacious. 
 
 Upset, effusive, unfasten, nicety, incite, ensign, exit, 
 caustic, exotic, oxidize, disabuse, nuisance, mosque, 
 musk, sophism, sunset. 
 
 Mosses, vices, axes, gazes, fuses, maces, mazes, 
 educes, spices, possessive, colossus, nemesis. 
 
 Amused, mist, steak, poised, appeased, tossed, ad- 
 duced, cased, accost, gust, aghast, dosed, chased, gist, 
 paced, pest, beast, abased, faced, fist, foist, fused, 
 vest, egotist, outpost, demised, detest, pianist, minced, 
 menaced, stalk, stuck, stucco, stag, stubby, stuff, stave, 
 stem. 
 
 Wet, weed, wove, woke, wane, weal, wail, wellnigh, 
 
B. 0. BAKER 
 
 LAWYER 
 SIGX ^ALUS f TEXAS " 
 
 Welsh, wallet, wordy, warfare, un weighed, swab, swap, 
 sweat, suavity, yawn, unyoke, witticism, wampum. 
 
 Roadster, gamester, hoists, mists, dusters, jesters. 
 
 Wight, quietus, quiescence, liquefy, euphony, eulo- 
 gium. cuirass, eureka. 
 
 Hug, hank, homogeneous, harpv, whew, wheezes, 
 whit, whiteness. 
 
 Sandusky, Syracuse, Oswego, Savannah, San Diego. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Ames owes all-this wisdom to-the teachings of one 
 \\ho-is yet wiser. The death of Simms was seen to-be 
 due to-a disease of-the lungs. Is-this the idea which 
 Staley has-had as-to-the importance of leaving-the shoe- 
 store as-it-is? As-t/iere-is nothing-e\*e ready just-now, 
 zs-z/-his desire to use what-\s here ? We-may seem 
 unaware of-the itisignificance of-this yearly allowance, 
 but yote-l/uiovr it-is-a sufficiently large sum. Has-the 
 answer in-this-suit any significance in-the Nestor case? 
 Xo-sir, \-spokc to Smiley on-the subject, and he-says 
 it-seems- (to)-be unnecessary to-them. //e-is-the boy 
 tc'/'tf-has-had charge .of-the tests. Which^is-the alliance 
 which Moses is-said to-have lost sight of? Who-has- 
 had my scissors and fixed them up so nicely? /y-zV-the 
 destiny of Baxter to-be always disturbing us whenever 
 we-hopc to-have-a quiet day? Yes-sir, \-expcct him to- 
 be zt'z?//-us to stop or delay us whenever we-must-be 
 specially quick with our work. Who-is-the lady of 
 whom I-spoke ? She-is-a cousin who-has stayed with 
 Cecilia <ryer-since her illness. She-says you-must fetch 
 a saucer, so-as-to give this sparrow some water as-soon- 
 as-possible. Caesar, the dog, hears the voices, and begs 
 to-go with-nie. She-must-go to Amsterdam, as-thcir 
 lawyer suggests. so-as-(to)-be ready if anvthing-e\*e 
 should arise. Has-their message said nothing as-to-an 
 answer which we-must-have to-day, as we-said? Is- 
 there-a guest up-stairs in-the sitting-room? /5-zV-his 
 aim to stay in-the book-store awhile? y4s-zV-has just- 
 
IOO BRIEF SIGNS 
 
 as-much to-do witli-us as with-his nephew, we-shall 
 write the postal. Ii-1-ivere with-them I-w0utd-Bay ivhat- 
 f wozild-\>e of some advantage to-them. Is-therc-an idea 
 of resuming-the work of-a year-ago, 'whereby we-may 
 win back vvhat-is ours? 
 
LENGTHS 
 
 LESSONS XLI XLVIII 
 
 101 
 
LESSON XLI 
 
 Simple Half-Length Signs 
 
 102. The sound of t or d ending a syllable is indi- 
 cated by making the preceding consonant sign (if it be a 
 stroke) half the usual length. ( W, T, MP and NG are 
 never halved as simple strokes.) 
 
 A half-length sign is indicated by t or d immediately 
 following the capital letter designating the stroke. 
 
 Examples of half-lengths: \ Pt (pet or ped) ; \ Bt 
 (bet or bed) ; ) St (est) ; ) Zt (zet or zed). 
 
 103. Af, JV and R are made heavy to add </, and light 
 to add / (except M or N with the w hook). Z, pre- 
 ceded by a vowel and followed by </, is made downward 
 and heavy; beginning a syllable, it is made upward, 
 and therefore light, whether / or d is added. Exam- 
 ples: Mt (met), "^ Md (med) ; "\ Rt (art), 
 
 ~> Rd (arc!) ; N- Nt (net), ^ Nd (ned) ; r Lt 
 (let), C Ld (eld). 
 
 104. The positions for vowels with half-length strokes 
 are the same as with full-length strokes. The / or d is 
 sounded last. 
 
 105. Words represented by a single half-length sign, 
 and having first-place vowels, are usually written in the 
 first position, even when the vowel is used. 
 
 106. The positions for half-length strokes are: 
 
 103 
 
104 LENGTHS 
 
 a. First position, vertical or slanting strokes, 
 half a space above the line ; horizontal strokes a full 
 
 space above, thus: ' _^ 
 
 b. Second position, resting on the line. 
 
 c. Third position, just under the line, thus: 
 
 \ i / 
 
 Exercise 
 
 ' f 
 
 V V 
 
 2 
 
 WITH VOWELS. 
 
 (104) paid Ted Kate good oozed showed 
 apt date coat food shut hate 
 boat debt quote vote shade hoed 
 bad chat gate vjewed shed 
 
 (105) bid Todd did feet quite(85) sheet 
 bought deed cheat thought quit heed 
 taught -died caught east got hot 
 
 (103) meet aimed aunt Ned note eld 
 
 meed mote end late nod art 
 
 mate mode night light laid aired 
 
 made neat neighed lot load erred 
 might reed net loud old 
 
 WITHOUT VOWELS. 
 
 conn-ect comm-and hat let 
 
 comm-ent con-veyed head foot 
 
LENGTHS 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 AND POSITION. 
 
 put 
 
 3 
 
 future 
 
 Ft 3 
 
 hold 
 
 Ld 
 
 about 
 
 3 
 
 avoid 
 
 i 
 
 world 
 
 Ld 
 
 at it 
 
 Tt 3 
 
 of it 
 
 Vt i 
 
 read 
 
 Rd i 
 
 it had 
 
 Tt 3 
 
 that 
 
 i 
 
 read 
 
 Rd i 
 
 added 
 
 3 
 
 without 
 
 DHt 3 
 
 immediate-lv Md i 
 
 doubt 
 
 3 . 
 
 highest 
 
 i-St i 
 
 not 
 
 i 
 
 had had 
 
 Dt 3 
 
 was it 
 
 Zt 
 
 nature 
 
 Nt 
 
 had it 
 
 Dt 3 
 
 used 
 
 3 
 
 hundred 
 
 Nd 
 
 act 
 
 3 
 
 wished 
 
 SHt i 
 
 owned 
 
 Nd 3 
 
 God 
 
 i 
 
 little 
 
 Lt i 
 
 under 
 
 Xd 3 
 
 feature 
 
 Ft i 
 
 allowed 
 
 Lt 3 
 
 hand 
 
 Nd 3 
 
 after 
 
 Ft 
 
 held 
 
 Ld 
 
 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 Note. In phrase-signs, vowels are usually omitted. 
 
 (48) 
 
 (roid) 
 
 (toid) 
 
 (poid) 
 
 should not 
 
 I did 
 
 I got 
 
 I met 
 
 (koid) 
 
 I thought 
 
 I could 
 
 I might 
 
 did I 
 
 I need not 
 
 
 
 Exercise 80. 
 
 Why did-I leave without seeing Todd when I-knew 
 1-should-not meet him in-the future? On what date 
 was-it that this feature was added to-the deed ? I used 
 to-think that after-a little reading I-could recite a good 
 lesson. Ned thought I-could-not put in a bid, but I need- 
 not-say I immediately showed him that I-could. Had-it 
 led to no immediate good and not paid well, I-should- 
 not-have wished to hold that stock. A master hand 
 receives-the highest wages. This act will end in no 
 good to the world. He owned that he-could-not doubt 
 lie-had erred when he allowed himself to take this mode 
 of getting money. I held his note for-the lot he bought 
 
106 LENGTHS 
 
 and it-had become due, but I thought I-need-not speak 
 about it. I aimed to avoid-a hundred errors of-this 
 nature. Was-it-not you who taught me to hate living 
 under-a load of debt? I-might easily have met you if 
 Kate had-had-the note and read it in-time. The lesson 
 was easy, but-the fact of-it was that Ned could-not keep 
 
 at-it. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 I-got-a light boat last night and paid for-it, and I- 
 think this-is-the one. I-thought at-Jirst that it-had con- 
 veyed Mat and his load to-the -water gate. After Todd 
 died his son did quite well in connecting himself with- 
 an old company in-the east. /y-zV-necessary to say that 
 he exercised himself to-the utmost to win success? I- 
 thought I-did a little good by letting-the machinist hold 
 the note to-the end of-the month. He owned that 1- 
 need-not heed the command, saying that it-had no 
 reference to Mat. Is-it-a fact that I-might-have bought 
 the net if Ned had-had time to read-the note? Was-it- 
 not just-as-well to get the note back and hold it a little 
 while? Not-a dollar did-you pay on-your debt after-the 
 1 5th. This-is what-we-say about-it, and we-will swear 
 to-it in-this-suit. He refused to heed that feature of-the 
 case as-soon-as I commenced quoting you. They-had 
 much shouting and loud talking about-the possibilities 
 of-the vote. I-made-a bid on-the lot and bought it, and 
 immediately conveyed it by deed to Foster. Without 
 doubt this-is-a step whereby he seeks to avoid whatever 
 costs might be added. The cat mewed piteously, being 
 shut up in-the shed without food. Thoitgh-n. hot day 
 he-came on foot to-the meeting that Lloyd, 'as-tt-( is) - 
 said, might-not-have to walk. He used a sheet of lead, 
 and made quite a neat job of-it. You-said your head 
 ached after I-had read to-you so late. You-aml-I aimed 
 at-it a hundred times, but are-you aware that-wc hit the 
 dot not once? You-saw that we-had-a good chat in-the 
 shade while making-a net under-the oak. You-should- 
 have seen Maud nod to Kate and hand her the book 
 she held. Were-you aware that he-had-it keyed to-the 
 
LENGTHS 
 
 107 
 
 highest pitch ? His highest wish was to obey the laws 
 of God. They wished to-be allowed a vote in future 
 meetings. They put this act of-vours under-the head 
 oi-t/tosc which harm-the world. 
 
 LESSON XLII 
 
 Half-Lengths With Brief Signs 
 
 107. The brief signs may be used with half-lengths 
 in the same manner as with full-length strokes. 
 
 Exercise 81. 
 (See 67.) 
 
 vv. 
 
 spite 
 
 soz'led 
 
 slightest 
 
 walked 
 
 speed 
 
 sold 
 
 latest 
 
 wild 
 
 deeds 
 
 consumed 
 
 eldest 
 
 Ward 
 
 Scott 
 
 needs 
 
 oldest 
 
 wired 
 
 goods 
 
 signed 
 
 artist 
 
 word 
 
 saved 
 
 notes 
 
 stored 
 
 want 
 
 thoughts 
 
 send 
 
 starts 
 
 wind 
 
 lots 
 
 sent 
 
 Stewart 
 
 went 
 
 sealed 
 
 sort 
 
 swept 
 
 yield 
 
 concealed 
 
 stepped 
 
 swiftest 
 
 yard 
 
 hired 
 
 heard 
 
 hurt 
 
 heart 
 
 hard 
 
 Hardin 
 
 hint 
 
 hunt 
 
fo LENGTHS 
 
 ABBREVIATION- AND POSITION. 
 
 September sPt of its Vts i sometimes sMt 
 
 except sPt certain-ly sRt we might i 
 
 accept sPt 3 certificate sRt we made i 
 
 exhibit sBt i seemed i onward on-wRt 
 
 exact-ly sKt3 somewhat sMt i award wRt 3 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 is not (roid) (toid) were it not 
 
 is it not I sent I want (\\Rt-Nt) 
 
 is there not I send I went if it were 
 
 we went did he I would not (Ft-were i) 
 
 Exercise 82. 
 
 It certainly seemed somewhat 'hard for Ward to 
 accept-the goods after consulting Harding. The words 
 he wired us about-the hunt for-the certificates exhibit 
 not-the slightest hint of thoughts of yielding. The 
 latest word I heard was that-the deeds to-the lots would 
 certainly be signed and sent sealed to-you before 
 September ist. I-have hired Hunt's eldest son to start 
 to work immediately, and we-want him to stay as-late-as 
 December. Is-it-not-a fact that Harding sometimes said- 
 the work had consumed hundreds-(of)-dollars which 
 we-might-have saved? He-is-not one to-be hurt by- 
 such words and we-are certain he-has-not thought hard 
 of-you. Scott has-not-the exact knowledge that he 
 needs, but he-went and stepped into-the business, and 
 now seems-(to)-be going onward to success. They- 
 would wind up-the business immediately if-it-vvere- 
 possible, and Scott would suggest it were-it-not for- 
 the hope of-its paying in-the future. Is-not-the award 
 which we-made to-the artist to-be sent to-him with all 
 speed? I-sent-the notes, except-the oldest one. before 
 I-went away in September. 
 
LENGTHS 109 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 I-send all-the work that-we-d\& this week, and am 
 certain that it-is as-good-as any of-its sort. The goods, 
 though sound, seemed somewhat soiled by being stored. 
 We-would like these wheeled to Stewart's store with- 
 the rest as early as-is possible. Did-you-not lose heart 
 sometimes in-the midst of-the work you-did for-us? 
 Did-vou-see-the wild roses he-got when he walked out 
 into-the woods? He-got them somewhere on-this-side 
 of-the next hedge. Howard went away as-soon-as-pos- 
 sible in-a swift four-wheeled cab. He-won't confess to- 
 the arts he used to assist in winning votes. Certainly 
 I-u'ou/d-not accept notes signed by Hunt for goods sold 
 to Scott. Is-that-the slate that-is-not yet sold, and which 
 we-may dispose of whenever and wherever we-will? 
 That-is-a boy who-\s-not dishonest, and //e-would-not 
 accept money when he-did no work for-it. Did-he- 
 say he-could-not get the word as-soon-as necessary? 
 We-went to-the United States at-the reqiiest of Stout. 
 Could-you-not get me-the beads just-as-well-as-not ? 
 The September exhibit zWobe-the largest we-have-had 
 since two years-ago last August. Is-there-\\Q\. testimony 
 of-a certificate which showed what-would-be-\he yearly 
 dues? He showed that if-you-could-not pay the debt 
 when due we-could-not exact it of-you. I-am quite 
 certain he-went onward to-the spot, but I-wont-say 
 exactly when. I-might-not wish to send him word, if- 
 he accuses you as adjuster. Is-there-any fear that we- 
 might-be late except on certain davs? I sometimes 
 thought you-could-not accept-the award we-made. Has- 
 ///<vv-not come a message signed by Ward or Stewart? 
 Has-it-no\. seemed that he avoids us somewhat of-late? 
 
no 
 
 LENGTHS 
 
 LESSON XLIII 
 
 Half-lengths with Other Strokes 
 
 108. Half-length signs are joined to full-lengths in 
 the same way that full-lengths are joined to each other. 
 
 109. Words are often unnaturally divided in such a 
 way as to put a / or d at the end of a syllable containing 
 another consonant, so as to use a half-length, and thus 
 shorten the outline : 
 
 not-ify 
 me-thod 
 
 evid-ence 
 bet-ween 
 
 Exercise 83. 
 
 gent-le 
 Be-ckett 
 
 Lk 
 
 kept 
 
 ^- " ! 
 Janet desert 
 
 misdeed 
 
 ashamed 
 
 repeat desired 
 
 hastened 
 
 named 
 
 Harold(6o/) casket 
 
 descend 
 
 left 
 
 submit execute 
 
 descent 
 
 caged 
 
 solitude reward 
 
 verified 
 
 attempt 
 
 reasoned upward 
 
 damaged 
 
 dodged 
 
 results Edward 
 
 rectified 
 
LENGTHS I I I 
 
 shocked 
 
 despite 
 
 ( 6o// ) 
 
 (109) 
 
 reviewed 
 
 dispute 
 
 alleged 
 
 absolute 
 
 16ft 
 
 respite 
 
 legitimate 
 
 Be-ckett 
 
 reached 
 
 decided 
 
 (73) 
 
 me-thod 
 
 delayed 
 
 absurd 
 
 answered 
 
 li-mit 
 
 asked 
 
 (6oc) 
 
 insert 
 
 ti-cket 
 
 admit 
 
 remote 
 
 resort 
 
 distur-bed 
 
 imitate 
 
 remit 
 
 (96) 
 
 distri-bute 
 
 deemed 
 
 resumed 
 
 estate 
 
 ins-tead 
 
 AYords in which st is represented by half-length 6": 
 loosest wisest choicest fastest (s upward) nicest 
 
 ABB RKVI. \TIOX AND POSITION. 
 
 anybodv N-Bt I left hand L-Ft-Xd 
 
 nobody X-Bt 2 intimate Xt-Mt I 
 
 somebody sM (2)-Bt intend Xt-Xd i 
 
 hesitate Z-Tt right hand Rt-Xd 
 
 indeed X-Dt i household Hs-Lt 
 
 substitute sB-sTt forward F-wRt 
 
 understood Xd-sTt afterward Ft-wRt 
 
 misunderstood Ms-Xd-sTt uncertain X-sRt 
 
 acquaint K-wXt eastward St-Rd I 
 
 acquaintance K-\vXts westward Ws-Rd 
 
 indicate Xd-Kt i 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 (roid) (toid) (Ft i) (24) 
 
 I understood I should 1101(48) if it is no doubt 
 
 I need not I could not if it were must not (78) 
 
 Exercise 84. 
 
 I-understood-you to intimate that nobody in-his house- 
 hold or among-his acquaintances had faith in Harold. 
 AVhat-I dictate must-not-be disturbed afterward. Since 
 Beckett is absent no-doubt it-is wiser not to attempt to 
 
112 LENGTHS 
 
 submit the results just-yet. Somebody hastened by, but 
 indeed I-am uncertain as-to who-it-was. I asked Ed- 
 ward not to repeat my words, and I-could-not guess that 
 I-should-be answered by-his immediately acquainting 
 them with all-the facts. Edward left the roses for 
 Janet as-a reward for hard study. I-wish you-could 
 indicate to me some method by-which it-might-be pos- 
 sible to push forward this work. The limit of-your 
 ticket was-the 2Oth, but if anybody had asked it, you- 
 could-have stayed all-the month. Will-you send verified 
 copies so-that I-need-not-be in doubt? He hesitates to 
 say that they intend this as-a substitute. If-it-is impos- 
 sible to reach the spot by-the right-hand road, I-know 
 of-a remote path to-the eastward which we-might take. 
 They misunderstood me to say that-the left-hand road 
 was-the best way leading to-the westward. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Indeed \\.-ivould-\>e absurd for anybody to dispute my 
 right to imitate you in refusing to resent this wrong. 
 He admits that he-could-not indicate the exact loss 
 caused by-the fire which damaged the warehouse in 
 September. Influences and examples of absolute recti- 
 tude are a decided advantage in teaching legitimate 
 business methods. On my request, somebody answered 
 that-the loss to-the estate in-the United States about- 
 that-time was upward of $30,000. You-might-not-be 
 heard by one who-has-no wish to distinguish himself 
 as-an artist. You-think he-wants nobody to repeat the 
 answer ive-made in-the midst of invoicing-the shoe- 
 store? When I stepped up to-him he wheeled about, 
 and despite my quickness he concealed the certificates 
 iuith-\\\?, right-hand, while with-his left-hand he reached 
 me-the stenographer's copies instead. We heard-the 
 sound of-the wild wind as-it swept along \n-those re- 
 mote solitudes. Being endowed with little tact, /lis- 
 ts a nature which-could-not adapt itself to-the ways 
 
LENGTHS 113 
 
 of-the household. Being-an intimate acquaintance, I 
 desired to refute the charge oi-these alleged misdeeds. 
 Your note does-not indicate Q\ suggest w^y-the meadow 
 to-the eastward must-not-be surveyed. It-was-a rigid 
 command, o/?er-which it-could-be of no advantage for 
 anybody to attempt to adjust the case by-a rebate, so 
 ivhat-'were-ive to-do? It-would-not-do to execute and 
 forward this deed to Moff att without first inserting-the 
 rectified date on-the attached certificate. At-that-time, 
 if-he-should-not-be satisfied he-could-not-be asked to 
 stay ivith-ymi. Somebody afterward espied the rabbit 
 in-the thicket. He untied the packet, removed-the 
 casket, and shoved it along to Daggett, who held it 
 awhile in-his hands looking at-it in-an uncertain way. 
 You-say William will write-an anecdote ivith-reference 
 to-this feature of-the story zy"-zV-z'.y-possible to-do-so 
 without connecting-his name with it. Hunt enjoyed 
 educating himself in-that-way. I misunderstood him 
 as saying that he-would-not hesitate to substitute this 
 piece. I- in tend to acquaint them with-my wish to-go 
 to-the westward. 
 
 LESSON XLIV 
 
 Half-Lengths with Other Strokes Continued 
 
 r 10. It is sometimes necessary to break an outline for 
 the purpose of keeping its parts distinct, thus: 
 
 )/ escheat, __il__ attitude, J. aesthetic. 
 
 in. The rules of direction for sh and / may be dis- 
 regarded in half-lengths, in cases where a more distinct 
 outline is thus secured. 
 
 Examples: 
 (^ ' lighten, 7^ -" olden, <rr^J- emaciate. 
 
 TAYLOR 8. 
 
"4 
 
 LENGTHS 
 
 
 Exercise 85. 
 
 
 ./ 
 
 7~T~\v -R 
 _O\K 
 
 p V^ 
 
 <v , I- ^s/^-ry^^ 
 
 j 
 
 jr 
 
 />- /, 
 
 " ^/ "^- 
 
 ivdi 
 
 \ 
 lately 
 
 
 bet-ween 
 
 beaut-ify 
 
 ( 
 
 lateness 
 
 hardly 
 
 evid-ence 
 
 ascert-ain 
 
 lightning 
 
 modified 
 
 confid-ence 
 
 ind-ivid-ual 
 
 (6o/) 
 
 Madison 
 
 hidd-en 
 
 evid-ent-ly 
 
 coward 
 
 endless 
 
 antricipate 
 
 (no) 
 
 exert 
 
 recently 
 
 seld-om 
 
 emphatic 
 
 exhort (93) 
 
 (IOQ) 
 
 ag-ent 
 
 methodic 
 
 (60^) 
 
 not-ify 
 
 affid-avit 
 
 pathetic 
 
 arrogate 
 
 est-imate 
 
 jud-icious 
 
 attitude 
 
 erect 
 
 bott-om 
 
 det-ect 
 
 (in) 
 
 orbit 
 
 bett-er 
 
 synd-icate 
 
 vitiate 
 
 artistic (78) 
 
 midd-le 
 
 Padd-ock 
 
 officiate 
 
 (6o) 
 
 writt-en 
 
 det-ached 
 
 leaden 
 
 artifice 
 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 AND POSITION. 
 
 repeatedly 
 
 R-Pet-L 
 
 astonish-ed 
 
 St-N i 
 
 indebtedness N-Dt-Ns 
 
 astonishment 
 
 St-N i 
 
 doubtless 
 
 Dt-Ls 3 
 
 establish-ed 
 
 St-B 
 
 undoubtedly N-Dt-L 3 
 
 establishment 
 
 St-B 
 
 actual-ly 
 
 Kt( 3 )-L 
 
 intense 
 
 Nt-Ns i 
 
 history 
 
 St-R i 
 
 interest 
 
 Nts-T 
 
I-ENGTHS 115 
 
 indulge Nd-iiJ underneath Nd-N-TH 3 
 
 scientific sNt-F hundred dollars Nd (2)-D 
 
 St. Louis sNt-Ls handle Nd(3)-L 
 
 natural-ly Nt(2)-L handsome Nd(3)-sM 
 
 undertake Nd-T-K 3 artificial Rt-F-SH 
 
 undertook Nd-T-K 3 certainty sRt-T 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 At the same time (T-sMt3), nobody else, anybody 
 else. 
 
 Exercise 86. 
 
 I anticipate that Cotton will give intense study to- 
 his natural history lessons. Ludlovv has lately, as our 
 agent, looked after our interests between St. Louis and 
 Omaha. The emphatic words of-the agent, and after- 
 ward his conduct, delayed the undertaking. I-was 
 astonished to detect him in distributing-the lists among- 
 the hands in-the establishment. You-could-have-the 
 leaden casket put underneath-the arch at-(the)-same- 
 time. We-must-not suggest to anybody-else these 
 uncertain methods for handling this indebtedness. I- 
 could-not-say with certainty what object he-could-have 
 in sending-the hundred-dollars recently to Ludlow. 
 Doubtless it-has-not yet seemed wise to undertake to 
 establish his case by affidavit. He-was intently watch- 
 ing how-the handsome equipage kept to-the left in 
 descending-the gentle slope. He-does-not seem to hesi- 
 tate, and has undoubtedly resumed his old attitude by 
 actually ratifying-the estimates. He repeatedly showed 
 his astonishment at my indulging in scientific studies. 
 They undertook to beautify the home by-an artificial 
 method. He-has-said repeatedly that he-would ascer- 
 tain the actual cost if-it-were possible. Did-you-not- 
 know that methodic habits would exert an influence for 
 
Il6 LENGTHS 
 
 good, and win confidence? Naturally they-were aston- 
 ished when Dudley sent-the model as-well-as the cata- 
 logue. Nobody-else would resort to-such-an artifice. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Since he accuses you, and has-his affidavit ready, it- 
 'would doubtless be better to take some written evidence 
 of-the indebtedness. Individually I-expect-the happiest 
 results, but-the company would hardly handle the 
 business without-an absolute certainty of success. Un- 
 doubtedly the warden should-not-have resigned, what- 
 ever it'-woy-have-said with-reference to-it. They-tuerc 
 injudicious ivhcn they undertook to establish-the ma- 
 chinist's story by affidavit despite the lateness of-the 
 hour. It-is alleged that Madison does-not otvn-ihe 
 handsome establishment 'where he located himself a 
 few years-ago. Ludlow's rapid and methodic way of 
 executing-his business and meeting seeming impossi- 
 bilities since-that-time, is indeed astonishing. A r obody 
 could-have understood tt7/y-the history had so intense 
 and fasc.nating-nn interest for-the youngest son. My 
 astonishment was without limit, for-he seemed ashamed 
 of no misdeed. Evidently that harsh method was 
 revived once-in-(a)-while and exercised as-a renewed 
 attempt to vitiate our rights in St. Louis. This would- 
 not-be sofitude, but would-be-the happiest home just- 
 now to one who-had artistic tastes and indulged a love 
 for nature. Paddock, it-is-said, would-not-have desired 
 to exert his infoience, so I left-the certificate as-fo-a 
 renewal unsigned. Malott suggests that-that ultimatum 
 should-not-be given without indicating-fa?, time for ac- 
 quainting him wz'M-the answ r er. As I-have-said re- 
 peatedly, that-is-not-the aspect under-\\\\\c\\ such cupid- 
 ity will-be viewed in-this-city. He-has-not understood 
 that they intend this edict to-have elevating influences, 
 and that it-is one which-must-not be disobeyed. You- 
 must-not-be so given to meditating on endless scientific 
 theories. He-said they-might-not-be subdued, but they 
 could-be exiled. He-is so reticent as-to-his ultimate 
 object that I-fear he intends to desert us and go some- 
 
LENGTHS 
 
 117 
 
 In-the olden time it-was seldom easy to 
 assert an individual right. They notified us between- 
 thejirst and-the middle of-the month. 
 
 LESSON XLV 
 Use of Stroke T or D. The " ed " Tick 
 
 CONTRASTED WORDS ILLUSTRATING THE RULE, 96. 
 
 (Read across each pair of columns.) 
 
 remedy 
 safety 
 
 absent 
 
 wait 
 
 boat 
 
 innocent 
 comment 
 
 debt 
 
 date 
 
 aimed 
 
 heart 
 
 hat 
 
 jet 
 
 mud 
 
 notes 
 
 knot 
 
 absentee 
 await 
 
 beauty 
 
 insanity 
 
 community 
 
 duty 
 
 edit 
 
 empty 
 
 Harriet 
 
 ITattie 
 
 Jewett 
 
 muddy 
 
 notice 
 
 unite 
 
 shadow 
 
 sincerity 
 
 solid 
 
 sonnet 
 
 Sunday 
 
 veto 
 
 vicinity 
 
 wearied 
 
 windv 
 
 wordy 
 
 ahead 
 
 haughty 
 
 112. Rav is never halved when standing alone. 
 
 right ride . wrote 
 
 write rid rode 
 
 113. Where a half-length sign would .form, with an- 
 other consonant an indistinct junction, a full stroke is 
 used, and the stroke t or d added. 
 
 affect locate vacate 
 
 effect locked select 
 
 remit 
 
 saved 
 
 shade 
 
 answered 
 
 sold 
 
 sent 
 
 sunned 
 
 vote 
 
 fastened 
 
 ward 
 
 wind 
 
 word 
 
 head 
 
 hot 
 
nS 
 
 LENGTHS 
 
 114. The syllable "ed, 
 represented by a small tick 
 
 or like the a-tick, thus: 
 
 a. As a separate 
 length or stroke T or D : 
 
 for the past tense, may be 
 at right angles to the stroke, 
 
 ^ posted, ^s voted. 
 syllable after a loop, half- 
 
 boasted 
 
 waited 
 
 acquainted 
 
 heated 
 
 suggested 
 
 stated 
 
 associated 
 
 consulted 
 
 invested 
 
 committed 
 
 commanded 
 
 wanted 
 
 requested 
 
 exceeded 
 
 consented 
 
 absented 
 
 adjusted 
 
 insisted 
 
 deeded ( 105) 
 
 connected 
 
 lasted 
 
 consisted 
 
 guided (105) 
 
 estimated 
 
 tested 
 
 suited 
 
 invited 
 
 repeated 
 
 assisted 
 
 existed 
 
 started 
 
 yielded 
 
 b. Where a half-length or loop cannot be used : 
 feared lavished wronged (102) 
 inferred mastered swayed (102) 
 
 c. Where either the ed-tick or a stroke T may 
 be used : 
 
 liked IScked piped 
 
 looked judged reared 
 
 d. With abbreviated outlines, as in the follow- 
 ing: 
 
 expected 
 
 accepted 
 
 astonished 
 
 objected 
 
 respected 
 
 charged 
 
 longed 
 
 neglected 
 
 referred 
 
 acted 
 
 interested 
 
 doubted 
 
 Note. Remember that wherever it is possible to show the 
 past tense by a half-length, or by a steh-loop, it must be done, 
 as in the following words : 
 
 affec-ted li-ved refused 
 
 packed passed induced 
 
 reasoned leased Spposed 
 
LENGTHS 
 
 ' 
 
 
 Exercise 88. 
 
 It-was with sincerity that-I suggested that-the money 
 be invested in needed improvements. The lady packed 
 the books in-the empty box and had-it fastened up. The 
 goods lasted as-long-as I-expected, but something-else 
 might-have suited me better. He seldom heeded me, 
 but absented himself when I requested him to stay at-the 
 office. I resented his conduct and reasoned with him, 
 and he yielded at-last. We decided not to send Thomas, 
 as we-had at-first intended, and so avoided some delay. 
 He quitted the house and hastened away and we doubted 
 not that he thought we-had wronged him. Jewett served 
 notice on-the company in Cincinnati, adjusted the busi- 
 ness, and acquainted us with all-the facts. I inserted your 
 note with-the remedy, and, though he accepted it, he 
 answered not-a word. He started at eight and I-inferred 
 that Edward had invited him to-the meeting. We- 
 feared a riot to-day but I-think all-is quiet now. They 
 repeated the story to me, and consented to-be guided 
 
I 2O LENGTHS 
 
 by-me. Beatty respected the Judge and voted for-him, 
 although he admitted that he-could-not-be elected. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 She seemed to-be needy, and I-feared she lacked 
 money to ride in-the coach. I-send ivith-my copy a 
 rectified estimate, and his-has a similar one attached 
 at-the bottom of-the sheet. I-must-say I liked the effect 
 of-his words on so large a body in-the senate. Thi.s- 
 has-the effect at-(the)-same-time of convincing us of-his 
 honesty. When-(\\<\-\o\\ remit the hundred-dollars to- 
 the syndicate, and what-wcre your reasons for-it? You- 
 said you-expected Lottie and Mattie in-your vicinity on 
 Sunday. You-think Stewart had-had-\\\e house remod- 
 eled and beautified in-a go'od-many ways? We--^ill 
 await Lettie's coming at-the store u'here ice-are to se- 
 lect-the" artificial roses. You-know he-has argued that 
 ive-nnist erect the house to suit all, and not arrogate so 
 much to ourselves. Doubtless Cotton knew the actual 
 facts, as-t 'Acre-was no attempt to keep them hidden. I- 
 could-not locate the house which they-tcr;v? to vacate, 
 and I-should-not-have wearied myself hunting for-it. I 
 pitied him when they left him, for I naturally had-ln's 
 interests at heart. Undoubtedly he-has deceived the 
 gentle and innocent boy as-to-the symptoms of-his dis- 
 eased state. They consulted with Patterson and waited 
 for-his answer before they acted. I watched them as- 
 they piped the house for gas, and know that they went 
 underneath it on-this-side. He insisted on my receiv- 
 ing-the sum he-had named, saying that nobody-e\se had 
 excelled him. He refused to wait but left us abruptly, 
 and, walking rapidly cast-ward he reached the desolate 
 spot about midnight. You-saw that Goodwin assisted 
 us as we lifted the beams and hoisted the rock. Indeed 
 it-could-not-be that anybody-e\se could-have searched 
 better, for I rummaged all-the desks and safes in-the 
 establishment. He attempted to induce us to lower the 
 estimated cost. He unites in himself the poet and-the 
 essayist. 
 
LENGTHS 121 
 
 115. Doubling the length of a curved stroke adds ter, 
 der, thcr. or tur : 
 
 Ftiy fetter; _ _\__ Str, ester. 
 
 116. In writing double-length- strokes in position, 
 they are commenced at the point where the same 
 strokes of the ordinary length would begin for that posi- 
 tion, thus: 
 
 117. The positions for vowels with double-length 
 strokes are the same as with single-length strokes. 
 (See 32). The ter is read last. 
 
 ~-\ meter ; \ ardor. 
 
 ^T 
 
 118. Doubling NG may also add ker or ger; doub- 
 ling A/" in ay also add per or her. A double-length stroke 
 is indicated by tr, kr, or pr following the capital letter 
 for the stroke. 
 
 119. Full or half-length strokes, brief signs or the 
 ed-tick, may be joined to double-length strokes. 
 
122 
 
 LENGTHS 
 
 Exercise 89. 
 
 vu im ^ 
 
 > 
 
 /Z /^~ 
 
 i \ 
 
 \ ' 
 
 r^ ^ ^~ 
 
 /^* 
 
 /~ - 
 
 
 / 
 
 
 
 
 V 1 
 
 
 (See 117.) 
 
 
 fetter 
 
 Esther later 
 
 older matter 
 
 feather 
 
 Easter letter 
 
 ardor amateur 
 
 father 
 
 ojster leather 
 
 Arthur mother 
 
 voter 
 
 shatter latter 
 
 order enter 
 
 theater 
 
 shudder alter 
 
 orator weather 
 
 thither 
 
 leader Luther 
 
 meter water 
 
 
 (See 118.) 
 
 
 anchor anger ember 
 
 amber 
 
 
 (See 119.) 
 
 
 diameter 
 
 tender holder 
 
 center 
 
 tempter 
 
 juncture hamper 
 
 slaughter 
 
 timber 
 
 (J-XGtr) whither 
 
 ordered (114^) 
 
 temper 
 
 thunder winter (82) rendered 
 
 lumber 
 
 invader wonder 
 
 mater-ial 
 
 cumber 
 
 elevator wander 
 
 centr-al 
 
 banker 
 
 hinder (90) Walter 
 
 concentr-ate 
 
 venture 
 
 hunter softer 
 
 \vilder-ness 
 
 linger 
 
 hunger smoother 
 
 eccentr-ic 
 
 finger 
 
 harder Sanders 
 
 intr-in-sic 
 
LENGTHS 
 
 I2 3 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 if there 
 
 i 
 
 entire 
 
 Ntr i 
 
 for there 
 
 Ftr 
 
 entirely 
 
 Ntr-L 
 
 have there 
 
 Vtr 
 
 century 
 
 sNtr 
 
 the other 
 
 DHtr 
 
 geometry 
 
 J-Mtr 
 
 was there 
 
 Ztr 
 
 many other 
 
 M-Ntr 
 
 shall there 
 
 SHtr 
 
 Alexander 
 
 Ls-Ntr 
 
 my clear 
 
 i 
 
 wonderful-ly 
 
 wNtr-F 
 
 some other 
 
 2 
 
 longer 
 
 NGkr 
 
 neither 
 
 I 
 
 along there 
 
 NGtr 
 
 in there 
 
 I 
 
 younger 
 
 NGkr 3 
 
 any other 
 
 I 
 
 among other 
 
 M-NGtr 
 
 another 
 
 2 
 
 whether 
 
 Wtr 
 
 no other 
 
 Notr 
 
 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 in other words among other things I wonder (toid I) 
 
 Exercise 90. 
 
 Note. Do not attempt to write "their" or "other" alone. 
 See 115. 
 
 I- wonder whether Alexander will make another at- 
 tempt to get a letter to-his mother. Luther was-a leader 
 of religious thought in-the first half of-the sixteenth cen- 
 tury. If-there-were money in-it. Arthur would give his 
 entire time to-this or any-other wonderful scheme. 
 My-dear Walter, be guided entirely by-the older ones 
 in-the matter of altering your mode of study. The 
 younger boys should all have-their books in-their desks 
 for-their new haff-year's work by Tuesday, and not 
 later. As-I passed along-there, I-saw Astor speaking 
 with ardor to Mather and some-others of-the voters. 
 Neither of-us was-there the winter they lived in-their 
 new house on-the-other-side of Central avenue. The 
 hunter lost himself in-the wilderness, and had to meet 
 
1 24 LENGTHS 
 
 rough weather, hunger and many-other ills. Among- 
 other-things Henderson said this had hindered his ten- 
 dering us the cash ; in-other-vvords, it-has rendered 
 necessary a suit. We lingered by-the dying embers. 
 The ship was ordered to anchor in-the bay. Shall-there 
 be no-other message sent to-the holders of-the notes? 
 He-may for awhile longer continue geometry, among- 
 other studies. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Anderson, our banker, will render us assistance in- 
 this-matter as-soon-as-the book-store is sold. They-ivere 
 cutting-the timber into lumber ivith-my well-tempered 
 steel saws. I-wonder what Esther will do tt'z'M-the- 
 other half of-the oyster shells. Mv-dear Sanders, shall- 
 there not be some-other goods used which-is softer and 
 lighter? If-there-is-not smoother weather soon, neither 
 of-them will venture out with-me. Ask them whether 
 we-shall write for-their cousin, or any-other lawyer, to 
 help us in-such-matters. He-says Snyder &-Co., the 
 hatters, are putting new elevators in-their store. I- 
 m ust-say it-was pathetic to see Alexander attempting to 
 mitigate our misery. It-may get lighter just-as-soon-as- 
 the thunder storm ceases. No-other agent was-there, 
 and \\e-wotild-not wait any longer. She-has wild asters, 
 as-well-as many-other sorts that ive never saw anvwhere- 
 else. You-should speak louder, so-as-to-be heard in-the- 
 other room. Were-Tvc tinaivare that-the road along- 
 there was made of cinders? He-said-the younger Arab 
 carried a wonderful scimetar. I-was entirely bewildered 
 m-t/iese-cases by-his eccentric speeches. I-shall work 
 harder on-this-subject o/?V-the languor of-the summer 
 is past. I-thought him an innovator with-his new cen- 
 tury ideas of-the fntn re of-the -world. I heard, among- 
 other-things at-this juncture, that-his schemes were still 
 wilder. He asks for-the entire lateral area in meters, 
 the diameter and altitude being given. The invaders 
 went forward in-an orderly wav. Made by-an amateur, 
 it-has little intrinsic worth. He manages an electric mo- 
 tor on another road. Harter fears he-may-be hampered 
 
LENGTHS 
 
 12- 
 
 it-they have-their way. 
 up geometry. 
 
 Among-other studies, he took 
 
 LESSON XLVII 
 Double-Length Straight Strokes. The "ther" Tick 
 
 1 20. Straight strokes may be lengthened to add /tv, 
 dcr. t/icr, or /#/-, in common words or phrases. They 
 should be made a little more than double length, and be 
 finished with a quick, light stroke, fading to nothingness, 
 to distinguish them from two straight strokes joined, 
 thus : 
 
 Btr, \ B-B 
 
 up there 
 
 gather 
 
 chapter 
 
 rector 
 
 be there 
 
 are there 
 
 picture 
 
 conjecture 
 
 bother 
 
 rather 
 
 Decatur 
 
 Hostetter 
 
 stav there 
 
 writer 
 
 conductor 
 
 instigator 
 
 wait there 
 
 hither 
 
 educator 
 
 spectator 
 
 such other 
 
 hatter 
 
 debater 
 
 rapture 
 
 scatter 
 
 hotter 
 
 capture 
 
 
 go there reside there arbiter 
 
 ABBREVIATION' AND POSITION. 
 
 by their i out there 3 indicator Nd-Ktr i 
 each other i actor 3 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 My dear sir, the other day, as (a) matter (of) fact, 
 hither (and) thither. 
 
 Add be there to each of the following: Will, I shall, 
 we must, you must, I would, I would not, he would, 
 I should, you should, should, so as to. 
 
 Add there to each of the following: He was, I was, 
 it was. 
 
126 
 
 LENGTHS 
 
 Add there is and there -were to each of the following: 
 I know, I think, you say. when, if. 
 
 121. a. To the semicircle abbreviations a small, 
 heavy, slanting tick may be joined for ther, thus : 
 
 __ \vere there 
 
 what their would there what would there 
 
 with their were you there we were there 
 
 b. A half-length sign may be changed to a 
 double-length to add thr, thus: 
 
 ^ ^/ went there 
 
 did there 
 that there 
 
 lived there 
 left there 
 
 might there he went there 
 Exercise 
 
 A-, 
 
 (toid) 
 
 I went there 
 
 I got there 
 
 J~* \ercisc 92. 
 
 Walter will-be-there, and I-shall-go thither myself 
 so-as-to-be-there at Easter. They lived-there together 
 with-the rector, helping him and each-other. Would- 
 there be any who-would rather stay-there ? I-went- 
 there to gather these faots and such-other material as 
 
LENGTHS 127 
 
 I-coulcl. My-dear-Sir, the writer of-the attached letter 
 has ordered two heaters which-must-be-there by-the 
 1 5th. I-would-not-be-there on time if-I started for 
 Decatur now. If-there-is-anything for me to-do, I-will 
 go-there at-another-time. I-think-there-were some-other 
 things sold before I-got-there. When-there-is wind the 
 withered leaves are scattered about out-there in-the 
 yard. Hostetter will go up-there if-there-is-nothing to 
 hinder him. I-should-be-there, and you-should-be-there 
 to hear the last chapter read. As-(a)-matter-(of)-fact, 
 did-you-go-there with Hendricks? \Yas-there-anvthing- 
 said as-to why he-went-there the-other-day without-you ? 
 Are-there any good reasons for-your wandering hither- 
 (and)-thither in-such-a way? Were-there any-others 
 in-the room when you-were-there ? We-were-there and 
 heard-the speech: were-you-there also? I conjecture 
 that these debaters werc-the instigators of-the riot. The 
 indicator is at 15. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 His letter shattered my hope that I-might concentrate 
 on-the work of-an actor. She studies the subjects alter- 
 nately, and has-a smattering of each. They expect to 
 reside-there awhile and assist each-other wherever it-is 
 possible. Victoria held the royal scepter for almost 
 sixty-four years. Are-you aware that no-other writer 
 has written so well on-this-subject ? The conductor was 
 among-the spectators. It-was temperate early in-the 
 dav. but now it-is hotter, with mutterings of thuirder. 
 M\'-dear-s\v, vou-must-go-there yourself, or get some- 
 other agent to stav-thcre. Are-there au\'-othcr sights 
 wonderful enough to capture you and keep you out- 
 there a week ? They-went-there with-the letters, and 
 some will-be left-there for-you to read. What-would- 
 there be to-do if we-were-there that Anderson could- 
 not-do? Did-there seem to-be anybody up-there who- 
 \\ as interested? By-their voices I-judge that-their anger 
 
128 LENGTHS 
 
 is rising. With-your pictures of rest you-are a tempter 
 to one who-is cumbered with too-much work. Were- 
 their answers satisfactory to-the educators ivhom you- 
 saw-there? She stayed underneath-\\\t arch with-us, 
 for-the lightning continued with little respite. . The 
 janitor will allow you to wander aboitt-the rooms and 
 wait-there for-us. Where-fad-you insert the passage 
 exhorting-the coward to submit honest evidence to-the 
 arbiters in future? I-know-there-is nothing wonderful 
 in it, but might-there-not-be something of interest? 
 You-know each satellite moves in its-own orbit. I- 
 7iw//</-be-there tf-tt-were-poss\b\e, but, as-it-is, I-think- 
 there-is no hope of-my going. I-could-not-say who- 
 would officiate. Test the lightness of-this basket of 
 petrified moss. Harriet is writing-a variety of sketches 
 for-the magazine which Jewett edits. I-saw Fido in- 
 the meadow with Kittie in-the shadow of-the oak. 
 
 LESSON XLVIII 
 
 Conflicting Words 
 
 Note. Distinguish by shading, vowels, position, outline, 
 length, or careful writing. 
 
 comment, command after, future 
 
 caught, got somewhat, sometimes 
 
 get, cut shade, shadow 
 
 shed, shade attached, detached 
 
 haunt, hunt avoid, evade 
 
 invite, notify afterward, forward 
 
 endless, needless hurt, heard 
 
 fatal, futile latitude, altitude 
 
 attempt, admit later, latter 
 
 rapidly, repeatedly another, no other, neither 
 
LENGTHS 129 
 
 Exercise QJ. 
 
 The thought of-the after effects of-the futile attempt 
 gives you needless uneasiness. He spoke repeatedly in- 
 an excited way of being powerless to evade this haunt- 
 ing shadow. He-came afterward to say that he-would 
 await your comments before deciding. 'I notified him 
 to heed all-your commands in-his future conduct. He- 
 went forward and waited in-the shade while watching 
 them get the weeds off-the roadside. He-was heard to 
 admit that neither of-them got any fish. I walked rap- 
 idly and was somewhat weary, for it seemed an endless 
 quest. He ordered oak lumber and I-think no-other 
 sort will-be accepted. They-were sometimes unwilling 
 to attempt cutting ice on-the lake in-such weather. I- 
 was invited to hunt in-that vicinity. The buggy should- 
 be kept in-the shed. Another of-the boys saw the rab- 
 bits but he caught neither of-them. It- was hard to avoid 
 reading-the attached words. At-what altitude is-this 
 effect to-be seen ? 
 
 Exercise g^. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS WORDS. 
 
 Pet, pout, beet, bet, bat, bite,' toad, chewed, jot, jet, 
 keyed, cot, cute, goat, fat, aft, vied, thawed, iced, eased, 
 oozed, shot, lute, mute, neighed. 
 
 Capped, cubit, aconite, camped, gashed, tacked, 
 attacked, ticked, tepid, timed, ditched, adept, dished, 
 doomed, dilate, checked, chipped, jacket, eject, giant, 
 appetite, baked, bucket, bigot, budget, abashed, be- 
 thought, befit, behead, shipped, sheathed, shift, fetched, 
 nipped, invade, inmate, mocked, imbued, looped, 
 loathed, aloft, tamed, Ararat, rotate, ribbed, writhed, 
 Hackett. 
 
 TAYLOR 9. 
 
1 30 LENGTHS 
 
 Cutlass, godless, skipped, scooped, skimmed, sneaked, 
 snuffed, smoothed, slouched, slipped, surged, surfeit, 
 cascade, gasped, exult, gaslight, testate, dissect, disa- 
 vowed, disowned, dissolute, chastened, apostate, peas- 
 ant, biscuit, besieged, obsolete, assassinate, phosphate, 
 insect, misdate, lassitude, lacerate, ulcerate, wrestled, 
 Scottish, adjud-icate. 
 
 Patter, powder, spatter, tatter, tutor, tighter, debtor, 
 daughter, doubter, chatter, fitter, feeder, fighter, ouster, 
 tinker, puncture, specter. 
 
 Ind-iana, Ind-ianapolis, Deadwood, Hudson. 
 REVIEW. 
 
 \t-\--tuere a-juare -what-you-~uoould like, I-might some- 
 times succeed in entirely satisfying you. We-hope 
 ~jjhat-you--were saying was but little connected ivith- 
 Tvhat Ward said the-other-fay . We-said what-we-were 
 intending to hold to as-(a)-matter-(of)-fact. As-it-is, 
 you-have harmed us but little by-this command to-the 
 restless younger sons. Foster was up-stairs, as ^tinder- 
 stood, hunting for-the deed, among-otAer-thiags. W hat- 
 is Hester willing to testify as-to-the whereabouts of her 
 son Alexander? You-saw hoiv unjustly he deceived 
 us, in-this-matter of-the distance out-there. We-will-be 
 working mostly in behalf of-the actors. We-will-have 
 handsome and costly hangings used, and no-others* 
 We-will-be at-the establishment to meet his father to- 
 day, tf-t/iere-is-nolh\ng to hinder. You-shall see-the 
 pictures of-the old Masters in Rome. We-will-have no 
 delay in entering-the room, for Anderson must-be-there 
 without loss of time. We-must-he honestly justified in 
 ivhat-ivere innocent acts by-which neither of-us intended 
 wrong. Castor says we-must-have Hiram's chests car- 
 ried up-there at-(the)-same-time. Wc-may-^o for-a 
 minister if-there-is one to-be had. We-must-be mak- 
 ing-the lists now, so-as-(to)-be-there by-the latter half 
 of August. We-must-go for-a teamster to haul away 
 these boxes, among-other-things. She possesses all-the 
 
LENGTHS IJI 
 
 oldest notes signed by Harding, excepting-\he one given 
 to-the conductor. Has-he wasted time in any other 
 way? You-and-I feared the maniac might stay-there 
 the entire day. Te-have heard and heeded not. Had- 
 he the tweezers in-his hand with-which to twist the 
 wire ? Are-we allowed to answer any queries in-this- 
 matter? li-you-expect to sue Hutchison, my-dear Wal- 
 ter, you-shouhd stay out-there this month. 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 LESSONS XL1X-L1X 
 
 133 
 
LESSON XLIX 
 L-Hook 
 
 122. The consonants r and /frequently occur imme- 
 diately after other consonants. The consonant-groups 
 thus formed, like pL tr. etc., are represented in short- 
 hand by a modification of the strokes for p, t, etc., by 
 means of a small hook at the beginning. 
 
 123. On straight strokes the 1-hook turns like the 
 hook formed by bending the forefinger of the left hand ; 
 on curves it turns from within. 
 
 124. The 1-hook is indicated by 1. The names of 
 the 1-hook signs are pel. bel, etc. 
 
 . \ \ r r / /' 
 
 PI Bl Tl Dl CHI Jl Kl Gl 
 
 ^ A: oo J 
 
 Fl VI Till DH1 SHI 
 
 Note. For SHI the stroke is upward, the hook being formed 
 first, as in the other cases. 
 
 125. Since the sm'all hook at the beginning of J/, N 
 and R represents it 1 , on these strokes a wider hook is 
 used, to represent /in a consonant-group, thus: 
 
 XI Rl 
 
 (135) 
 
136 
 
 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 126. A vowel before or after a consonant-group is 
 placed before or after the consonant stroke, as with sim- 
 
 \ % 
 
 pie signs: *\ able, \ P' a y- 
 
 127. Hooked signs may precede or follow simple 
 strokes, or may be joined to each other: 
 
 claim, 
 
 maple, 
 
 pliable. 
 
 128* In some cases where a hooked sign joins an- 
 other stroke, a perfect hook cannot be formed, and a 
 partial hook must be made, thus: 
 
 C\ huddle, X^ \ reply, 
 Exercise ". 
 
 I 
 
 needle. 
 
 \ Vs. 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 137 
 
 play 
 
 Clara 
 
 employe 
 
 illegal 
 
 unless 
 
 tipple 
 
 pleasant 
 
 liable 
 
 likely 
 
 analyze 
 
 placed 
 
 obliged 
 
 payable 
 
 fickle 
 
 unlucky 
 
 complies 
 
 fluid 
 
 pupil 
 
 article 
 
 unlock 
 
 able 
 
 Flora 
 
 cheaply 
 
 uncle 
 
 unlikely 
 
 close 
 
 (127) 
 
 resemble 
 
 beaut-iful 
 
 final-ly 
 
 class 
 
 simple 
 
 total-ly 
 
 lawful 
 
 Nathaniel 
 
 flies 
 
 Isabel 
 
 entitle 
 
 official 
 
 Campbell 
 
 claim 
 
 table 
 
 model 
 
 bushel 
 
 rely 
 
 climb 
 
 double 
 
 local 
 
 (See 125) 
 
 relapse 
 
 club 
 
 employ 
 
 legal 
 
 only 
 
 relax 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 people 
 
 PI 
 
 quickly 
 
 K-K1 i 
 
 apply 
 
 PI 3 
 
 identical 
 
 i-Dt-Kl 
 
 applicable 
 
 P1-B1 3 
 
 quitclaim 
 
 Kt-Kl-M i 
 
 obligatory 
 
 Bl-R i 
 
 District of 
 
 
 at least 
 
 Tlst 3 
 
 Columbia 
 
 Dstv-Kt-Kl 
 
 idle 
 
 (toid) i-Dl 
 
 mechanical 
 
 M-K-K1 
 
 largely 
 
 Jl3 
 
 foreclose 
 
 F-Kls 
 
 family 
 
 Ml 3 
 
 changeable 
 
 CH-B1 
 
 capable 
 
 K-B1 
 
 exchangeable 
 
 Ks-CH-Bl 
 
 incapable 
 
 N-K-B1 
 
 chargeable 
 
 CH-B1 3 
 
 capital 
 
 K-P1 
 
 thankful 
 
 TH-F1 3 
 
 unspeakable 
 
 N-sP-Bl i 
 
 useful 
 
 S-F1 3 
 
 allowable 
 
 L-B1 3 
 
 faithful 
 
 F-F1 
 
 influential 
 
 N-SH1 i 
 
 
 
 129. Will and all, in phrases with other common 
 words, may be represented by the 1-hook. 
 
 it will who will by all to all 
 
 which will they will at all in all 
 he will that will of all 
 
138 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 Exercise 96. 
 
 I-am pleased and thankful that Clara will give me-a 
 legal title to-the home place. He-is capable of showing 
 that that-will-be-the simplest way finally to close up our 
 club affairs. It-will-be-seen that they-will never apply 
 to-us at-all, though it-is allowable in-all-such-cases. If- 
 they continue to-be so fickle, at-least in-all-such-matters 
 as-this, they-will-be obliged to-be idle. The law is 
 useful and is applicable to-all-the people and must-be 
 obeyed by-all. Campbell will-be-the most influential 
 of-all, for he-has pleasant ways which-will quickly win 
 you. He-will-be likely to assist Daniel with some 
 capital, if only for-the sake of-his family. He-is-not 
 changeable and it-is certain that he-will foreclose. You- 
 are the one who-will-be largely chargeable for-the un- 
 lucky error. Nathaniel resembles him in being incapa- 
 ble of official deceit. He-will-be left without-a single 
 dollar unless he complies with-his uncle's wishes in-all- 
 things. This double improvement entitles employer 
 and employe to largely identical advantages. With 
 unspeakable joy I-see that, deeming your request for-a 
 quitclaim deed obligatory, he-will faithfully meet it. 
 The mechanical features were worked out in-the Dis- 
 trict of Columbia. The note is exchangeable for cash. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Was-it-\\ot Mabel who so quickly and faithfully put- 
 the labels on-the bottles for Campbell? Flora was 
 uncertain -whether flies and beetles might-be classed 
 among animals. No-doubt he-will-be willing to sell 
 five bushels of-his plums in-all. Lionel afterward 
 wrote on-the blank ticket the official title applicable to- 
 him. I-need-not-say that by closing-his store he-will 
 make-the idleness of-the employes obligatory. You- 
 \\ill-see-the capitol and many-other beautiful places 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 139 
 
 that-will interest you. They-will doubtless intimate 
 that-the cloth is identical with-the sample, or at-least 
 that it closely resembles it. She relies largely on-the 
 aid of influential people, and is naturally thankful for- 
 it in-all-cases. Of-all-the mechanical geniuses \vho- 
 vvill apply, he-is-the one, capable or incapable, whom 
 Michael will undertake to employ. If legal at-all, it- 
 is-a command that-will apply to-all on-the-other-s\<\e as- 
 well. j\fy-dcar-s>\\', unless admitted by-all, Nichols is 
 unlikely to claim that-the suit to foreclose is illegal. I- 
 wonder if Daniel would rather climb the ladder for-the 
 plums. It-is-not allowable to claim that-the entire 
 family is chargeable with-the error of Nathaniel and 
 the-other son. Neitlier order is exchangeable for cash 
 at-the local bank or any-other. Isabel gathered and 
 placed in-the exhibit many-other useful and beautiful 
 articles. The total sum for-which ive-are liable is 
 payable immediately, and the money must-be-there to- 
 morrow. It-is entirely unlikely that we-shall avoid or 
 hesitate to pay a lawful claim. Clay Daniels will 
 analyze the fluid, and acquaint us with-its nature. I- 
 shall need only your aid, and you-may rely on me to-go 
 with -yon. With unspeakable dismay I-saw him leave 
 for-the District of Columbia with-the quitclaim deed. 
 He bought silks of changeable hues. 
 
 LESSON L 
 
 L-Hook, Continued 
 
 130. Hooked signs may be halved to add / or d, and 
 doubled to add ter, etc. 
 
 131. Iss may be written within an 1-hook, thus: 
 
 \ 
 
 supply 
 
140 
 
 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 Exercise <?/. 
 
 
 - 
 
 V^ 
 
 \ \' 
 
 (128) 
 
 03) ' 
 
 beveled 
 
 social 
 
 unable 
 
 complete 
 
 include 
 
 civilize 
 
 noble 
 
 completely 
 
 blotter 
 
 displeased 
 
 reply 
 
 plate 
 
 clatter 
 
 disable 
 
 surplus 
 
 plat 
 
 glitter 
 
 disclosed 
 
 novel 
 
 blot 
 
 flatter 
 
 feasible 
 
 riddle 
 
 Claude 
 
 (130 
 
 bicycle 
 
 hotel 
 
 clo//d 
 
 supply 
 
 musical 
 
 regal 
 
 flight 
 
 settle 
 
 
 rattle 
 
 float 
 
 civil 
 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 applied Pit 3 
 
 able to Bit 
 
 conclude Kit 3 
 conclusive-ly Kls 3 
 exclude sKlt 
 
 exclusive sKls 
 
 explicit 
 
 obstacle 
 
 circulate 
 
 initial I 
 
 acceptable sPt-Bl 3 
 
 sPl-sT 
 6Bs-Kl 
 sR-Klt 
 
 Exercise 98. 
 
 I conclude that Claude is able-to supply you with 
 complete duplicate lists of-all names with initials A to 
 M. inclusive. I-am-glad that you- will-be- able-to settle- 
 the matter conclusively for yourselves. I-hope you-are- 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 14! 
 
 nble-to say ho\v-the surplus cash was applied. We- 
 have disclosed to them the fact that we-shall-be com- 
 pletely disabled in business by-the loss of-this capital. 
 I-am unable to accuse him of giving flattering replies 
 to please anybody. I-was glad that-the plate of apples 
 was acceptable to-you. He-was displeased when-I 
 displayed-the pledge which he-was circulating. All 
 obstacles which exclude the success of-his glittering 
 hopes are to-him evils. It-is-an explicit command and, 
 though-a novel idea, I-suppose it-is feasible. We 
 ought-to-be-able-to solve-the riddle, though no refer- 
 ence to plats is included. Mitchell is paying only 
 seventy-five cents a bushel for apples. Flora says-the 
 pupils in her class employ most of-the time in play. 
 They-will-be made after-a simple model, and will-be 
 cheaply put together. The glass is passably good, and 
 we conclude that we-shall-be-able-to use all exclusive 
 of T that with-the beveled edge. The sky was clouded, 
 and fleecy snow-flakes fluttered softly to-the earth. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 He-says he-will-be unable to split the block at-all, 
 but will work at-it a little longer. Is-he ready to 
 say that-the evidence is conclusive that artificial lights 
 were visible underneath-\.\\e arch at-the mouth of-the 
 tunnel? He-and-I doubt ivhcther they-will, as-(a)-mat- 
 ter-(of)-fact, display any musical powers. Is-it-not-a 
 fact that-the satchels of-all-t\ie boys have-their initials 
 worked on them? You-and-I may-be able, with-this 
 plea, to work up the changeable rabble to-the highest 
 pitch of anger. Henderson applied himself to-the read- 
 ing at-first, but soon relapsed into idleness if nobody 
 urged him onward. Would-ive have-a right to con- 
 clude that-the libel was circulated and used to eclipse 
 his glory. Had-he-not owned that he wished" to relax 
 his feeble attempts at-the first obstacle? //-u77/-be- 
 said, no-doubt, that you-have repeatedly excluded 
 
142 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 nickel money. All will-be accepted of you exclusive 
 of those which he-and-I have only nominally ratified. 
 Those explicitly indicated are allowable, being accept- 
 able in-all respects. He buckled on his cloak, flung 
 himself into-the saddle and clattered away in hasty 
 flight. Are-we to cling to-the hope that he-is com- 
 pletely civilizing-the people? Is-he astonished at-the 
 hundreds of bicycles flashing eastward past the hotel? 
 Does anybody doubt that-his physical state is largely 
 chargeable .to-the long service he-has-had under-the 
 flag? It-is-a subject ivhich-ivill-be easily understood 
 by-all who-will listen to-all that-will-\>e-sa.\<\. He-will- 
 be disabled in business by-this loss of capital added to- 
 his existing indebtedness. Please give-me your blotter 
 to take up this ink blot on-the fly-leaf of-my Bible. 
 Was-he-not saying that he-has-the household goods 
 stored in-his stable exactly as I-sent them? 
 
 LESSON LI 
 R-Hook 
 
 132. (See 122.) For r, the small hook on straight 
 strokes turns like the hook formed by bending the fore- 
 finger of the right hand ; on curves it turns from within. 
 
 133. The r-hook is indicated by r. The names of 
 the r-hook signs are per, ber, etc. 
 
 \\ 1 1 / / _ . J J 
 
 Pr Br Tr Dr CHr Jr Kr Gr SHr ZHr 
 
 134. To preserve the right-hand hook for r, the signs 
 for Fr, and THr are made by turning the F and TH 
 over side-wise, thus: 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 Vr 
 
 THr 
 
 DHr 
 
 Note. These signs will not conflict with any other strokes, 
 because no r-hook is placed on It, W, S, or Z. 
 
 135- The signs for Mr and Nr are made heavy to 
 distinguish them from wM and wN, thus: 
 
 Mr 
 
 Nr 
 
 These signs conflict with no others, since MP and 
 NG take no r-hook. 
 
 136. For Lr a wide hook is placed on L, to distin- 
 guish it from wL, thus: C Lr. 
 
 Exercise 99. 
 
 ) 
 
 \X\ 117. 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 appraise 
 precise 
 oppresses 
 propose 
 proposal 
 presume 
 premises 
 proceeds 
 appreciate 
 Bretrster 
 bring 
 tree 
 utter 
 trust 
 
 contractor 
 (.Tr-Ktr) 
 
 opportunity 
 
 pretty 
 
 practice 
 
 practices 
 
 practical 
 
 property 
 
 proper-ly 
 
 improper-ly 
 
 probable-y 
 
 improbable 
 
 member 
 
 remember 
 
 remembered 
 
 number 
 
 brother 
 
 dry 
 
 drew 
 
 addressed 
 
 dreary 
 
 across 
 
 crisis 
 
 create 
 
 eager 
 
 grow 
 
 (i34) 
 offer 
 
 free 
 
 fresh 
 
 Shaffer 
 
 Humphrey 
 
 Hoover 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 Prt 
 
 Pl-t 
 
 Prs 3 
 
 Prss 3 
 
 Pr-Kl 3 
 
 Pr-P 
 
 Pr-P 
 
 M-Pr-P 
 
 Pr-Bl 
 
 M-Pr-Bl 
 
 Br 
 
 Br 
 
 Brt 
 
 Br 3 
 
 Br 3 
 
 over 
 
 authorize 
 
 thrive 
 
 (135) 
 
 immerse 
 
 honor 
 
 627) 
 Wilbur 
 Oct-ober 
 preacher 
 Fletcher 
 ledger 
 leisure 
 measure 
 maker 
 smoker 
 
 (128) 
 
 decrease 
 
 degree 
 
 progress 
 
 Fo\vler 
 annular 
 
 (i3) 
 
 trade 
 
 orchard 
 
 regret 
 
 gratified 
 
 congratulate 
 
 effort 
 
 fruit 
 
 greater (Grtr) 
 
 AND POSITION. 
 danger 
 dangerous 
 endanger 
 agree 
 agreed 
 from 
 favor 
 favored 
 favorable-y 
 unfavorable-y 
 through 
 throughout 
 Mr. 
 pleasure 
 
 D-Jr 
 D-Jrs 
 X-D-Jr 
 Gr i 
 Grt i 
 Fr 
 Vr 3 
 Vrt 3 
 Vr-Bl 3 
 X-Vr-Bl 3 
 THr 3 
 THrt 3 
 Mr i 
 ZHr 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 145 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 I presume (toid) in receipt (Nr-sT) 
 
 I remember in reference (Xr-F) 
 
 I trust in respect (Nr-sP) 
 
 at any rate (T-Nrt 3) in reply (Nr-Pl) 
 
 at the present time (T-Prs-T 3) greater or less (Grtr-Ls) 
 137. Are, were and oiir, in phrases with other com- 
 mon words, may be represented by the r-hoo"k. 
 
 they are which were 3 of our 
 
 that are (DHrt i) who are to our 
 
 which are who were 3 in our 
 
 Exercise 100. 
 
 I-remember that I-was eager for-a favorable oppor- 
 tunity to congratulate Mr. Brewster on-his winning so 
 large-a number of prizes. In-reference to-the proposed 
 work of-our company, it-will probably be in progress 
 at-any-rate bv October. We remembered that Fletcher 
 thought it improbable that we-could agree on-a trade. 
 He-was-a member of-the company and had-a practical 
 knowledge of-the business, or we-might-have favored 
 you and agreed to-your proposal. Mr. Shaffer will 
 take-pleasure in favoring you, for he-has appreciated 
 your efforts in-our behalf throughout-the year. We 
 tried to agree on-the precise sum we-might authorize 
 Fowler to offer for-the property without endangering 
 our interests. They-are taking measures which-are 
 pretty certain to decrease to-a greater- (or)-less degree 
 the danger of-these practices. The trees which-were 
 set out late were thriving well all through-the dry 
 weather. It-is his practice to oppress those who-are in- 
 his employ. I-presume it-is-not improper to pay heed 
 to-our honor in-this affair. His request is in-respect to- 
 TAYLOR 10. 
 
146 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 the papers that-are to-be sent to-those who-were absent 
 yesterday. I-trust it-is proper for Grace to ask for help 
 from her brother in-this dangerous crisis. I-am in- 
 receipt of-your letter, and in-reply I-must-say it looks 
 unfavorable that at-(the)-present-time he-is-not invest- 
 ing here. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Humphrey thinks it improbable that so light a frost 
 will endanger the fruit in-our orchards. I regret Wil- 
 bur's act in accepting-\\\e opportunity he-has-had of 
 defrauding-the contractors who-were employing him. 
 \Vas-he-not at-(the)-same-time presenting to Tracy 
 some of-the fresh fish brought from-his trip? ]\Iy-dcar 
 Claude, I-am in-receipt of-your letter, and in-replv will- 
 say that Elmer agrees not to bring any trouble to 
 Fletcher or to-our brother in ~induIging-\\\'$, scientific 
 pursuits. You-will remember that I-got Abner to talk 
 pretty freely to-us on Friday of-the practical measures 
 which are to-be employed. In-reference to the added 
 danger of-these illegal practices, I trust to the efforts 
 of -my neighbors and intimate acquaintances through- 
 out. I-remember that we all owned and agreed that- 
 the proceeds of-the property on-the premises should 
 properly be awarded to-the Major. Do you-remember 
 that you-said you-ivotild undoubtedly speak in-mv favor 
 in respect to-this-matter z/"-zV-vvere possible? These im- 
 proper and illegal proceedings probably created the 
 intensely dangerous state actually existing among-the 
 members at- (the)- present time. Mr. Trumbuil at-an- 
 other-time drew the paper from-his pocket and allo-ccd 
 me to read through all- the items of-our contract with 
 greater-(or)-less exactness. The meetings are bringing 
 in crowds of people and the society is, w*'Mo/-doubt, 
 growing in numbers at-any-rate, and I-presume in 
 interest also. In leisure hours I take pleasure in-the 
 practice of physical exercises as-a substitute for useful 
 manual labor. Is-tt-noi true, as \-undcrstood , that it- 
 Jiad soinc-i'hat favored the growth of crops in-that 
 dreary spot? I-was gratified when he-went across the 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 147 
 
 room and addressed some favorable words to Mr. 
 Thatcher. They-are people vvho-are ready to remove 
 obstacles and do all things that-are conducive to-our 
 welfare. We remembered that Wilson was unfavorable 
 to-our idea, although under pressure and threats he 
 after-card agreed. Did-he show astonishment when 
 Alexander started ivestivard to St. Louis as-late-as 
 December? Did Humphrey go at-it in-a scientific way? 
 A/n'l)ody-e\se would-do little good in-such-matters. 
 When I-sent for-the lumber did-I guess that Stewart 
 had-it, or any of -it, stored in-his yard? 
 
 LESSON LII 
 
 R-Hook with Circle and Loop 
 
 138. For initial iss, ses, or steh, with a straight r-hook 
 sign, the hook is closed to form a small or large circle, 
 or a loop, thus: 
 
 N 1 N 
 
 sPr ssTr stPr 
 
 These will not conflict with sP, ssT, stP, etc.- be- 
 cause in them the circle or loop is on the other side. 
 
 139. With curved r-hook signs, the small circle only 
 can be written, and must be shown inside the hook. 
 The reason for this is, that if the circle were closed up 
 to the stroke, the sign would be exactly like iss with a 
 simple stroke. 
 
 sFr sVr sTHr sMr sNr 
 
148 
 
 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 140. Straight r-hook signs with iss are joined to pre- 
 ceding strokes in the following manner: 
 
 \ I 
 
 a - \ prosper, <*i destroy. 
 
 b. 
 
 I 
 t- 
 
 extra, 
 
 L. 
 
 disappear. 
 
 disagree, <^ Jasper, t^ decipher. 
 
 Note. In the words under c the circle is made on the first 
 stroke, and from the point where the circle ends the second 
 stroke starts like a simple sign. 
 
 141. Iss in r-hook signs which are curved or joined 
 to curves is shown thus: 
 
 prisoner Hosmer passover massacre 
 
 Exercise 101. 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 149 
 
 spray strict sacrifice 
 
 destroy Hosmer 
 
 supper stream secret-ary 
 
 di-stress designer 
 
 spread construct Stocker 
 
 industry dishonor 
 
 sober strength stopper 
 
 industrious listener 
 
 supreme struggle ( J 39) 
 
 (i4o<5) (HoO 
 
 saber sister suffer 
 
 extract descry 
 
 suburb di-saster sever 
 
 Caspar disagree 
 
 straw cider sooner 
 
 depositor disagreeable 
 
 stray seeker signer 
 
 re-cipro-cate disgrace 
 
 stress secret (1400) 
 
 (141) . Jasper 
 
 straight secrecy prosper 
 
 massacre dissever 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 express sPrs 
 
 extraordinary sTr-Rd 
 
 expresses sPrss 
 
 consider sDr 
 
 expressed sPrst 
 
 considered sDrt i 
 
 expressly sPrs-L 
 
 considerate sDrt I 
 
 expressive sPrs-V 
 
 considerable-y sDr 
 
 surprise sPrs 
 
 exaggerate sjrt 
 
 surprises sPrss 
 
 exaggeratory sJrt-R 
 
 surprised sPrst 
 
 describe sKr i 
 
 exasperate ssPr 3 
 
 described sKrt I 
 
 separate sPrt 
 
 Sec. of State sKrt-sTt 
 
 street sTrt i 
 
 Sec. of War sKit-wR 
 
 strictly sTr-Kl 
 
 passenger Ps-Jr 
 
 stranger sTr-Jr 
 
 messenger Ms-Jr 
 
 structure sTr-Tr 
 
 scripture sKr-Pt 
 
 remonstrate R-M-sTrt 
 
 scriptural sKr-Pt-L 
 
 Exercise 102, 
 
 Cosner's expressive face showed surprise on hearing 
 of Fred's separating himself from-the company in so dis- 
 honorable a way. The secretary laid considerable stress 
 on-the importance of adopting Hosmer's measure. Cas- 
 
150 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 par considers this-the secret of-his supreme success. 
 Mr. Stocker considered that he-was strictly obeying 
 your express command in making-the structure entirely 
 of brick. My sister was surprised to see him staggering 
 up the street to-day. He-was straightway sobered by-the 
 news of-the disaster and-the sufferings of-the people. 
 The senior member expresses himself as satisfied, and 
 describes the business in-the suburbs as having pros- 
 pered well. Jasper put-the cider into bottles with stop- 
 pers. All-the signers of-the pledge will consider-the 
 sacrifice small. It-will surprise them considerably to 
 hear of-the strength of-our new industry. You-were 
 expressly commanded to destroy-the papers described 
 in-my letter. Most of-the listeners disagreed with-the 
 stranger and were less considerate. Alfred was-the de- 
 signer of-this beautiful piece of work. It surprises me 
 to hear that-the secretary-(of)-state expressed an extra- 
 ordinary interest in-our messenger. The case was so 
 exasperating that he remonstrated with-the passengers 
 in somewhat exaggeratory language. They exaggerate 
 in speaking of-the powers of-the secretary-(of)-war. 
 He claimed scriptural authority, and quoted the texts of 
 scripture on- which he relied. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 We-made them use straw to separate the bricks from 
 each-other. The estate should-not-be severed, for it-is 
 one. Homer was considerably surprised and exasper- 
 ated when-the rock broke in pieces under such gentle 
 strokes of-his hammer. They-were protected from dis- 
 aster by erecting to-the eastward or left-hand the struc- 
 ture which I-have described. As-to-\\\c matter of Har- 
 per's substitute in St. Louis, I-got it arranged in-the 
 strictest secrecy before his messenger went-there. Hc- 
 ivill with certainty remonstrate, and will cite decrees 
 of-the supreme bench expressly applying to-such extra- 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 151 
 
 ordinary cases as-that you describe. He constructed that 
 a rtificial enclosure so-as-(to)-be-able-to handle animals 
 straying on-the-oiher-s\<\e of-the suburb. The stranger 
 was in-a //<?//" stupor yesterday, but is now brighter, ami 
 would go o)iu>ard to Oxford ivere-tt-not that he awaits 
 another passenger who-is-an acquaintance. The order 
 to respect-the interests of-the depositors and hold them 
 harmless surprises Bradley, but nobody-else. The at- 
 mosphere along-there is ivonderfiilly heavy with spray 
 from-the rapids in-the stream. They scrambled up the 
 Westward slope with incredible speed and surprised us. 
 They expressed themselves at-another-time as consider- 
 ing-the soprano of-the younger sister good. Hubert 
 probably considers the scraps of brass worthless; at-any- 
 rate, he threw them into-the street. The story is exag- 
 gerated, for in the scrimmage no-other soldier of-ours, 
 except ing-\\\e Major, received a scratch. He expresses 
 himself as sorry at being incapable of reciprocating your 
 wonderful goodness in any jifst degree. With astonish- 
 ment I descried dim shapes moving hither-(and)-thither 
 under the broad outstretched boughs of-the great cedars. 
 Herbert describes himself at-(the)-present-time as-a 
 seeker of-the truth in-this -world. I charged them 
 strictly to send- the new copies of the Scriptures for- 
 ward immediatelv by express if-there should-be noth- 
 ing to hinder. It would-be an zmspcakable disgrace to 
 let anybody overthrow the stars and stripes. Thev mis- 
 nnderstood his considerate words, ivhich-vjere in truth 
 expressive of sympathy. The sooner thev start after 
 supper for some-other place, the better all the members 
 of-the household will-be pleased. Although an indus- 
 trious people, life in that place must-be a struggle. The 
 prisoner gives exaggeratory testimony of-the massacre. 
 They- have spread fresh gravel over the straight, broad 
 street. He suggested names for secretary-(of )-state and 
 secretary- (of)-war. He cites scriptural authority. 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 LESSON LI 1 1 
 
 R-Hook Continued 
 Exercise JOJ. 
 
 '\7v 
 
 
 
 
 1 ! -1 
 
 
 prices 
 
 embrace 
 
 Andrew 
 
 (134) 
 
 generous 
 
 process 
 
 treat 
 
 voucher 
 
 thrust 
 
 string 
 
 precisely 
 
 contract 
 
 ledger 
 
 threat-ens 
 
 strategy 
 
 promise 
 
 treasure 
 
 major 
 
 afraid 
 
 scrut-inize 
 
 promptly 
 
 trustees 
 
 acre 
 
 freed-om 
 
 (140) 
 
 pressure 
 
 contrary 
 
 cred-it 
 
 035) 
 
 discourse 
 
 approach 
 
 daughter 
 
 cred-itor 
 
 inner 
 
 discursive 
 
 Nebraska 
 
 editor 
 
 Greek 
 
 energetic 
 
 execrable 
 
 labored 
 
 untrue 
 
 Fisher 
 
 honorable 
 
 apostrophe 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 practised Prst 3 
 practicable Pr-Kt 3 
 impracticable M-Pr-Kt 3 
 appropriate Pr-Prt 
 prospect Prs-Pt 
 
 book-keeper B-K-Pr 
 
 newspaper Xs-P-Pr 
 liberty Br i 
 
 brotherhood Br-D 3 
 neighborhood X-Brt 
 attract Tr-Kt 3 
 
 extreme sTr-M 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 153 
 
 extremity sTr-M-T frank Fr-K 3 
 
 larger Jr 3 frankly Fr-Kl 3 
 
 creature Krt i every Vr 
 
 increase N-Krs i everybody Vr-Bt 
 
 quicker K-Kr i everything Vr-NG 
 
 Great Britain Grt-Brt everywhere Vr-wR 
 
 either DHr i foreclosure F-Kl-ZHr 
 
 other DHr 3 treasurer Tr-ZHr 
 
 otherwise DHr-Ws 3 owner Nr -3 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 everything else prior (to) that time 
 
 everywhere else in all probability (Nl-Pr-Bl) 
 
 Exercise 104. 
 
 In-all-probability, everybody will refuse to offer the 
 appraised price for-the ten acre lot. By-the quicker 
 process practiced in-our shops, the blocks are immersed 
 in-the liquid. Prior-(to)-that-time the owner put some 
 larger braces on-the inner side of-the wall. As-they ap- 
 proached us from-the bridge, the speed of-the troopers 
 increased. Every member here, as-well-as everywhere- 
 else, is pleased with-the prospect of having Major An- 
 drews as editor of-the newspaper. Either the book- 
 keeper or-the treasurer will break to Pressley the 
 disagreeable news qf-the foreclosure by-the creditors in 
 Nebraska. No pleasure trip is possible while the pres- 
 sure of business is making so much extra work. Other- 
 wise, I-should take-the liberty to thrust aside every- 
 thing-else and embrace your extremely generous offer. 
 Contrary to what Frank expected, Palmer brought in-a 
 good string of fish from-his trip over-there. I-am in- 
 receipt of Homer's letter, and I-am-afraid he-will either 
 bring trouble to others or disgrace to-himself. The 
 manner of-his work on-the ledger having attracted my 
 
154 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 notice, I scrutinized every step closely. Was-it-not 
 practicable and appropriate to hold a meeting of-the 
 Brotherhood in that neighborhood ? In-this extremity I 
 frankly admit that-the step is impracticable. I-met-the 
 pretty little creature on-a steamer from Great Britain. 
 Such execrable conduct is everywhere treated with con- 
 tempt. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Everybody will say that-the quicker you-do all things 
 ivhich-are necessaiy, the sooner you-shall know the 
 pleasures of liberty. Fisher promised prior-(to)-that- 
 time to contract with-the agent of-our house for-a 
 larger order of flavoring extracts. /-a//-probability 
 the thought of-th"e honorable member is strictly true 
 and should-be promptly acted on ; otherwise trouble 
 may ensue. It-is utterly untrue that-the trustees and- 
 the teachers dread the prospect of extremely hard work 
 in-the spring months. Baker omitted the apostrophe 
 in-the possessive of "Greeks" and other words. The 
 treasurer says they-are vouchers that-are precisely like 
 the ones sent over-there by-the book-keeper before-the 
 foreclosure. To-our credit it-may-be said that every- 
 thing is in readiness. They-are people ivho-arc likely to 
 claim freedom everywhere in-respect to-these matters 
 and to everything-else. I write in-reference to-the in- 
 crease in-the price of steam hammers like those ivhich- 
 ivere ordered last week. All-the newspaper editors and 
 owners ivho-ivere present either favored the measure or 
 left it unopposed. Here as evervwhere-else they-are 
 attracted by every exercise \\hich-mav-be practiced in- 
 the streets. I-am in-receipt of-your jfoz>or. and in-rcply 
 will say that at-present the property is-not for-sale. 
 I labored to lessen in some degree your daughter's 
 distress at-the loss of-the treasure. By-an energetic 
 stroke and-a little stratagem the threatened danger was 
 avoided '. Is-not-the Brotherhood, at-least throughout 
 Great Britain, increasing considerably in numbers? Is- 
 not Pritchard frank enough to admit that this scheme 
 
INITIAL HOOKS . 155 
 
 for decreasing-the indebtedness is practicable if faith- 
 fnll\ carried through ? ls-there-no\. some-other appro- 
 priate and acceptable method for-the neighborhood to 
 adopt in times of extremity and danger? We-went to 
 see some beautiful pictures of-the wild creatures in- 
 their natural haunts. 
 
 LESSON LIV 
 Intermediate Vowels 
 
 142. An initial hook should be used for r or / follow- 
 ing another consonant in the same syllable, even when a 
 distinct vowel sound is heard between the consonants. 
 
 143. The intermediate position of a vowel is shown 
 as follows: 
 
 a. Dot vo\vels are changed into circles, the long 
 vowels being placed before and the short ones after the 
 stroke (except where the form of the outline makes the 
 regular relation inconvenient). 
 
 peer fill rail dell mar Cal. 
 
 b. Dash vowels, diphthongs and coalescents are 
 placed across the stroke. 
 
 V. f ^ -f _ X 
 
 fall doll more dull cool poor 
 
 c. A first or third position diphthong or coales- 
 cent sign may be placed at the beginning or at the end 
 of a stroke instead of across it, if more convenient. 
 
 f f }) ^- <*- 
 
 toil tire queer quart 
 
i 5 6 
 
 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 144. The vowels a and e sounded as in bare and 
 mere are represented respectively by a and e. Vowels 
 sounded as in per, fir, and fur may all be represented 
 by u. 
 
 firm curb 
 
 term 
 
 145. 
 thus: 
 
 The hook of the H may be widened to add 
 
 heel hill howl 
 
 Exercise 
 
 7X/1 1 r X s 
 
 / /, >// _ J I \ 6e 
 
 / 
 
 WITH VOWELS. 
 
 (See 143*. ) 
 
 pier spilt 
 
 deal spirit 
 
 cheer bill 
 
 leer built 
 
 reel kill 
 
 meal guilt 
 
 kneel mill 
 
 pail 
 
 dell 
 
 par 
 
 parable 
 
 pair 
 
 bell 
 
 park 
 
 parish 
 
 spare 
 
 velvet 
 
 retard 
 
 calumny 
 
 dare 
 
 relish 
 
 dark 
 
 gallery 
 
 scale 
 
 melt 
 
 scar 
 
 garrulous 
 
 rail 
 
 knell 
 
 farm 
 
 valve 
 
 mail 
 
 knelt 
 
 lark 
 
 analysis 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 157 
 
 heel 
 
 hill 
 
 (See 145.) 
 hail Hal 
 
 Halleck 
 
 (See 130.) 
 Shelter filter larder martyr departure 
 
 Note. In some cases the vowel which is not intermediate is 
 preferable. 
 
 rely realize detail 
 
 release immerse anarchy 
 
 WITHOUT VOWELS. 
 
 care 
 
 ability 
 
 felt 
 
 marshal 
 
 sharp 
 
 cared 
 
 tell 
 
 philosophy 
 
 sheriff 
 
 remark 
 
 part 
 
 terror 
 
 prevail 
 
 relate 
 
 marvelous 
 
 particle 
 
 direct 
 
 there 
 
 railroad 
 
 regard 
 
 repairs 
 
 carriage 
 
 their 
 
 railway 
 
 engineer 
 
 prepare 
 
 scarcely 
 
 share 
 
 merit 
 
 (78) 
 
 compel 
 
 cal-culate 
 
 Shelf 
 
 march 
 
 postal-card 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 appear 
 
 i 
 
 appeared 
 
 i 
 
 particular-ly 
 
 Pit i 
 
 party 
 
 Pit 
 
 department 
 
 D-Prt 
 
 perhaps 
 
 Pr-Ps 
 
 belong 
 
 Bl i 
 
 telegram 
 
 Tl-Gr 
 
 until 
 
 Tl 3 
 
 deliver-y 
 
 Dl i 
 
 external 
 
 sTr-Xl 
 
 children 
 
 CHI 
 
 charitable 
 
 CHrt-Bl 
 
 skill 
 
 i 
 
 character 
 
 Kr-K 
 
 characterize 
 
 Kr-Ks 
 
 characteristic Kr-Ks-K 
 feel i 
 
 fill .1 
 
 filled i 
 
 fellow 
 
 Fl 
 
 value 
 valuable 
 very 
 
 VI 3 
 V1-B1 3 
 Vr 
 
 therefore 
 
 DHr-F 
 
 merely i 
 
 remarkable-y R-Mr-Bl 
 near i 
 
 ordinary Rd-Xr 
 
 relinquish- 
 
 ment Rl-XG-SH 
 
158 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 PHRASIXG. 
 
 (toid) with regard (\vR-Grt) 
 
 I feel i in regard (Xr-Grt i) 
 
 I fail fellow citizen (Fl-sT) 
 
 I failed take care (T-Kr) 
 
 I felt real estate (Rls-Tt) 
 I dare say 
 
 Exercise 106. 
 
 Note. Be careful to determine whether a vowel is interme- 
 diate or not before so writing it. 
 
 The children may wind the thread on-the reel until 
 it-is filled. Halleck appears to rely a good-deal on-the 
 mere word of-my partner. I-failed to get the postal-card 
 in-regard to-the new scales for-the mill department. 
 I-felt that each one ought-(to)-be charitable enough to 
 share in-the care of-his fellow-citizens. The character 
 of-the work was such that-a laborer of only ordinary 
 skill could do it. I-dare-say there-were some valuable 
 books on-the shelf for-which Gilbert cared a great-deal. 
 Take-care to hear what Mr. Parker says with-regard 
 to-the delivery of-the freight by-the railroad-company 
 in March. I-wish particularly to-have Marshall tell 
 what those parties appeared to consider the real value 
 of-the Hill farm. The railway-company will perhaps 
 regard the real-estate as belonging to Phillips. These 
 rails will very nearly fill-the car. They failed to get 
 near enough to-the deer to kill any. There-was nobody 
 at-the jail after-the departure of-the sheriff, excepting Mr. 
 Melville ;' therefore I-was compelled merely to leave the 
 telegram with him. Dear-sir, I-feel very grateful to-vou 
 for-the remarkably good spirit which-has characterized 
 your dealings with-me. Dear-madam. Mallorv has re- 
 lated to me in-his characteristic way the particulars of- 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 159 
 
 the cheering story of-the relinquishment of-the claim. 
 In external features the house is pleasing. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 7/-//<?re-z'.y-anything-said, tell them that I-clid hear a 
 great-deal with-regard to-the release of Phillips, the vil- 
 lage miller. I-feel that there-is-nothing to say in-regard 
 to-his conduct, except that he erred in permitting-the 
 stock to-go at par. He-could-not spare time to travel 
 in-the carriage; therefore, thei'e-is-not any dortbt that 
 //r-tc'z7/-go by rail in-the ordinary way. I-should-say the 
 cars must-be stopped while repairs of-this character are 
 made on-the railroad. There-are many of-our fellow- 
 citizens tv/io-are unwilling to relinquish to-the railway- 
 company so valuable a right for- a few hundred-dollars. 
 I-felt that it-was considered but-a marvelous and extra- 
 ordinary tale, for it received only partial credit among- 
 the listeners. Let somebody mark particularly what Hill 
 savs afout-the company's preparing for-the sale of-its 
 real-estate in-the east, for it-must-not-be misunderstood. 
 Perhaps the parties might, by persevering, \>o.-able-to 
 verify their remarkable story z/-z'/-were less exaggerated. 
 It surprises me that Jerome does-not appear to realize 
 that this-is merely a snare which he-must exercise skill 
 to avoid. The people in-the hotel were pale with-their 
 unspeakable terror until they-saw that-the daring feat 
 of-the fail /i fit/ Parker would deliver them from-the 
 danger of perishing. I-dare-say, there-is some value 
 and merit in-his detailed analysis of-the parables, though 
 one would scarcely perceive it. I remarked that Miss 
 Marshall appeared frightened on receiving-the telegram, 
 but she very soon realized that it-was but-a mere busi- 
 ness notice. The parrot was scared by-the children ic/io- 
 -cerc near, and clung to-the bars on-the farther side of- 
 its cage. There-was no comparison between-the filters 
 they-were handling, and it seemed a certainty that my 
 choice would prevail. This picture belongs to-a depart- 
 ment in-the gallery of martyrs, which-is at your right- 
 hand . I-fail to see how-the remark in-refcrencc to-the 
 external structure is calculated to cause anybody to mar- 
 
i6o 
 
 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 vel. Phelps, the messenger, had-a sharp 'dispute \vith 
 Hal over the loss of-the valve. Deav-JBrot/ier, there- 
 must-be-an engineer of ability employed to direct-the 
 building. The parcels and-the letters enclosing bills 
 must-be mailed immediately. There-is-no-doubt that 
 Nelson shared in-the guilt of spreading the calumny. 
 The words and manner of Garrick were characteristic of 
 him, and retarded our progress in-the business. It fills 
 him with surprise to-be characterized as-a charitable 
 worker. Though seeming safe on an external view, 
 \ frankly own that-the measure is impracticable. 
 
 LESSON LV 
 
 Intermediate Vowe!s Continued 
 
 Exercise 107. 
 (See 143 b and c, and 144-5.) 
 
 \ t t- /"-^c. ^r^\S f 
 
 f ~ 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 WITH VOWELS. 
 
 
 
 (See 143$.) 
 
 
 
 Paul 
 tall 
 scald 
 
 Pollock 
 apology 
 doll 
 
 sport 
 bolt 
 board 
 
 cull 
 dull 
 hulk 
 
 spool 
 tool 
 
 cool 
 
 corner 
 cord 
 
 colony 
 colonize 
 
 court 
 course 
 
 bulk 
 culvert 
 
 school 
 foolish 
 
 fall 
 
 column 
 
 fort 
 
 culminate 
 
 rule 
 
 false 
 fault 
 
 short 
 
 colleague 
 rollicking 
 mollify 
 
 fold 
 roll 
 Moore 
 
 mulch 
 pulp 
 multiply 
 
 pull 
 poor 
 full 
 
 
 
 (See 14^.) 
 
 
 
 firm 
 
 birth 
 
 berth 
 
 curse 
 
 Curtis 
 
 bird 
 
 birch 
 
 nerve 
 
 nurse 
 
 incur 
 
 dirt 
 skirt 
 
 term 
 fervid 
 
 perch 
 merge 
 
 lurk 
 purport 
 
 furthest 
 Murphy 
 
 
 
 (See i 43 c.) 
 
 
 
 queer 
 
 quilt 
 quail 
 square 
 quell 
 
 quart 
 
 quarter 
 quorum 
 squire 
 require 
 
 tile 
 pile 
 tire 
 mire 
 file 
 
 mile 
 foil 
 boil 
 toil 
 spoil 
 
 scour 
 scowl 
 
 pure 
 endure 
 immure 
 
 
 - 
 
 (Sec 145.) 
 
 
 
 hall 
 
 holiday 
 
 hull 
 
 Ho vie 
 
 howl 
 
 
 
 (See 130.) 
 
 
 
 halter 
 
 mortar 
 
 smoulder 
 
 boulder 
 
 colder 
 
 falter 
 
 border 
 
 folder 
 
 Porter 
 
 murder 
 
 (See note, page 157.) 
 averse aver affirm 
 
 emerge avert occur 
 
 TAYLOR ii. 
 
162 
 
 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 WITHOUT VOWELS. 
 
 policy told cult-ivate 
 
 sure 
 
 terminate 
 
 report church courage 
 
 forget 
 
 more 
 
 purpose George figures 
 
 forgott-en 
 
 north 
 
 Bald-win journal mortgage 
 
 volume 
 
 expert 
 
 Pittsburg college purchase 
 
 thermometer 
 
 (i3) 
 
 personal-ly virt-uous form 
 
 Thursday 
 
 further 
 
 Prs-Xl vercl-ict conform 
 
 platform 
 
 Shoulder 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 toward Trt 
 
 security 
 
 sKrt 3 
 
 literature Lt-Tr 
 
 correctly 
 
 Kr-K i 
 
 delight Dlt i 
 
 incorrect-ly 
 
 X-Kr-K i 
 
 doctor Dr i 
 
 inquire-y 
 
 X-Kr i 
 
 during Dr 3 
 
 follow 
 
 Fl 
 
 child CHlt i 
 
 fully 
 
 Fli 
 
 childhood CHlt-D i 
 
 former-ly 
 
 Fr-R i 
 
 J U1 T J r 3 
 
 formal-ly 
 
 Fr-L i 
 
 majority M-Jrt 
 
 informal-ly 
 
 N-Fr-L i 
 
 call i 
 
 fortune 
 
 Frt i 
 
 called i 
 
 fortunate-lv 
 
 Frt i 
 
 equal-ly t eKl i 
 
 unfortunate-ly X-Frt i 
 
 equaled eKlt i 
 
 misfortune 
 
 Ms- Frt i 
 
 difficult-y Kl 
 
 assure 
 
 3 
 
 collect Kl-K i 
 
 assured 
 
 3 
 
 quality Kl-T 
 
 displeasure 
 
 Ds-ZHr 
 
 according i 
 
 shorthand 
 
 SHrt-Xcl 
 
 accurate Krt 3 
 
 annual 
 
 NI.3 
 
 cure Kr 3 
 
 in order 
 
 Xrd i 
 
 curious Krs 3 
 
 nor 
 
 i 
 
 secure sKr 3 
 
 northwest 
 
 Xr-Wst 
 
 secured sKrt 3 
 
 minority 
 
 M-Xrt 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 163 
 
 PHRASING . 
 
 (toid) as a matter of course 
 I called (sMtr-Krs) 
 
 I forget more (and) more 
 
 I assure (50) more (or) less 
 
 Exercise 108. 
 
 Dr. Porter required Curtis to correct the terms of-the 
 policy so-as-to fully conform to-the rules of-the mort- 
 gage company. Toward fall, according to their former 
 story, Mr. Baldwin started north to St. -Paul, in-order 
 to collect-a security debt. He-was more-(and)-more 
 anxious to terminate the difficulty by apology and avoid 
 incurring-the costs of-a formal suit in court. Fortu- 
 nately I-was more-(or)-less prepared for-his foolish act, 
 for he-told-me his purpose on Thursday. I-Avon't-be- 
 sure whether-the jury stayed out a quarter of-an hour or 
 more ; but during-that-time my colleague secured the 
 papers and filed them. I forgot to say , that Hoyle 
 would secure by purchase his childhood home near 
 Pittsburg. When I called the doctor assured me that 
 he-could cure my trouble during my stay. I-was curi- 
 ous to know whether Neal was equally accurate with 
 figures. I-had forgotten to inquire whether his work 
 fully equaled that of-the best quality. As-(a)-matter- 
 (of)-course. the annual report read in-the square is for 
 all alike. She-told-me with delight the same that you- 
 told-me of her good fortune in-the Northwest. I-assure- 
 you it-will-be no difficult matter for-the child to follow- 
 the path to-the school-house. Unfortunately Mr. Mur- 
 phy's roll of members was incorrect, not being in-the 
 regular form. It was his misfortune that he-could-not 
 write shorthand ; nor had-he time to study it. The ma- 
 jority was large, and I decided to offer no minority report. 
 
164 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Paul should-not forget that-the rumor is false, and 
 that its force will endure but-a short-time. Dorothy 
 called the history of-the Colonies a curious and interest- 
 ing story. A short-time-ago Mr. Curtis dictated a letter 
 in shorthand inquiring as-to-the form of-the mortgage 
 and-the quality of-the security. Lifting-the great book 
 to-his shoulder, the recorder retired toward-the corner 
 of-the court room furthest from-the jury. According to 
 Theodore's story, he piled Mr. Moore's yard full of 
 boards and poles from-the smouldering ruins. I-assure- 
 you I-had-a lurking fear that-the. bulk of-the work 
 was incorrectly performed. Who-told-him the correct 
 purport of-the former notice which appeared in-the 
 columns of-the Journal? The child thought it great 
 sport to bolt the door in-order to shut me out in-the 
 cold. During-this-time the children were enjoying their 
 annual visit to-the northwest woods for walnuts, which 
 thev-were hulling under-\he trees. I-will collect the- 
 othcr ingredients during-the-time that-the quart of milk 
 is coming to-a boiling heat. I assured him that he 
 need-not falter, as he-was but-a mile from-the church, 
 which-was marked by tall trees. George used-a stout 
 cord for-a halter. Albert formerly had poor tools and 
 it-was difficult to-do accurate work. The squire tried 
 to quell the riot by-a formal speech. I-am-sure it-is-the 
 fault neither of Burke nor of-the nurse, that Paul 
 has-not conformed to-the rules. The pure, cool, mur- 
 muring stream was-a delight after-\.\\e turbid waters 
 near-\\\e ford. By following-his method I-made-a cure 
 which fully equaled Dr. Oliver's. This shelter is pleas- 
 ant when-the mercury in-the thermometer shows a zero 
 temperature. Bertha was averse to accepting-\\\e terms 
 and firmly persisted in her studies of literature. The 
 bird was swinging on-a twig of-the beautiful birch 
 in-the yard. In-accordance with George's request, I- 
 called at-the college hall to see Pollock. Of-course 
 when you-told-me what had occurred, I-could-do noth- 
 ing further toward buying those volumes for-the church. 
 Fortunately my childhood was passed in-a home secure 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 i6 5 
 
 from harm. Unfortunately I-felt more-(or)-less dis- 
 pleasure on any inquiry about my brother' 's misfortune. 
 Whatever good fortune I secured seemed to bring an 
 equal displeasure to-them. 
 
 LESSON LVI 
 In-Hook 
 
 146. A small back hook is used to indicate the sylla- 
 ble /', en or un before s in any situation where an 
 N- stroke cannot be conveniently written. The follow- 
 ing are examples: 
 
 a. Before s with an r hook 
 
 V T 
 
 \ I d - 
 
 insPr insTr insKr 
 
 b. Before s with an 1-hook 
 
 insFr 
 
 insPl insTl insFl insKl 
 
 c. Before s with simple strokes 
 
 insL 
 
 insM insR insSH 
 
 Exercise 109. 
 
 
 f f 
 
 X" 
 
1 66 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 inspire inscrutable unsymmetrical 
 
 unsparing 
 
 insufferable 
 
 unsufmised 
 
 inseparable 
 
 enslave 
 
 unceremonious 
 
 insuperable 
 
 unsolved 
 
 install 
 
 unsupported. 
 
 unsalable 
 
 unsettle 
 
 inscribe 
 
 insoluble 
 
 instilled 
 
 unscrupulous unsociable uncivilized 
 
 unscrew unseemly unsupplied 
 
 ABBREVIATION AXD POSITION. 
 
 unexpressed in-sPrst insecure in-sKr 3 
 
 inexpressible-y in-sPrs-Bl insecurity in-sKrt 3 
 
 unexpressive 5n-sPrs-V unsecured in-sKrt 3 
 
 instruct in-sTr unskilled in-sKlt i 
 
 instructor in-sTrtr indescribable in-sKr-Bl 
 
 inconsiderate in-sDrt i unscriptural in-sKr-Pt-L 
 inconsiderable in-sDr 
 
 PHRASING. 
 In some way. 
 
 Exercise no. 
 
 My displeasure was indescribable, for I-had instructed 
 them not to leave the papers in-an insecure place. He- 
 said-the chemical was insoluble in water. The act in- 
 spired the assembly with hope. We-were unsupported 
 by-the. officers. The fact that-the name inscribed on-the 
 tomb was that of-his uncle was entirely unsurmised l>v 
 him. This duty is inseparable from-the work of-my 
 department. Some of-the conquered soldiers had-the 
 misfortune to-be enslaved. Although Roberts calls the 
 property unsalable, we-shall-be unsparing in-our efforts 
 and will dispose of-it in-some-way. He-was installed 
 in-an unceremonious manner. If-you unscrew the piece, 
 it-must-not-be left unsecured. Though-the passengers 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 167 
 
 all felt their insecurity, it-was unexpressed by any of- 
 them. So unskilled a leader will-be no inconsiderable 
 obstacle to-our success. I fear the whole structure is 
 insecure. He-has relinquished his faith as unscriptural. 
 I-felt inexpressible pleasure at being received in-that in- 
 formal way. Such tact is characteristic of-a good in- 
 structor. He-was unscrupulous in-his dealings with 
 uncivilized peoples. Fortunately the act may-be char- 
 acterized as merely inconsiderate and unseemly. He- 
 had-an unexpressive face. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 The -passengers expressed much displeasure at-the 
 inconsiderateness which increased their insecurity- I- 
 could tell-you that-the unsettled claims were all for in- 
 considerable sums. I-shall instruct them to-be faithful 
 and unsparing in-thcir efforts to secure a favorable 
 answer from Great Britain^ though-the obstacles may- 
 be called insuperable. The majority of-the workers 
 whom I-met were unskilled, but fortttnately they-had- 
 an instructor at-their right-hand who-had inspiring 
 power. We felt insecure among those unscrupulous 
 people, but I-need-not-say-the feeling was unexpressed 
 to one-another. The relinquishment of -our rights will 
 leave us unsecured. Richard probably considered it an 
 indescribable misfortune to-be so largely unsupported 
 by scriptural authority. The brotherhood would vote 
 to install the new officers immediately, were-tt-not so 
 late. I-could-not indulge my intense longing to-be 
 present, for it-was my extraordinarily bad fortune to- 
 be a stranger and misapplied with-a ticket. The news- 
 papers frankly characterize these creatures as uncivil- 
 ized and unfit for liberty. Strictly speaking, the struc- 
 ture is unsymmetrical, but-the owner will remonstrate 
 if-it-'is called unsalable property- 77/n'-'if?7/-have-the 
 liberty to study the scripture lesson informally and in 
 separate groups. He-was inexpressibly surprised when 
 assured that-his difficulty was unsurmised before-tl e 
 
1 68 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 telegram got-there. It-is-a characteristic of-tiae fatnt/zes 
 in-that neighborhood to-be exclusive and. unsociable. 
 Unfortunately the words inscribed on-the ^ride-board 
 were pretty-nearly erased and-the messenger* being-a 
 stranger, was in extreme danger of going wrong. He 
 appears to-have no insatiable desire for wealth, but 
 values his fortune very highly as supplying to-him-the 
 opportunity for practical charitable work. I-was ex- 
 asperated because I-could-not unscrew the parts, but 
 concluded that they-must-be inseparable. Faith in-the 
 inscrutable methods practiced in-your department over- 
 there, was instilled in-the children in-some-way from- 
 the first. Christopher "says crystals of-this character 
 are insoluble -without heat. The doctor says he appears 
 to suffer more-(and)-more from insomnia. However 
 gently and charitably his _///0w-citizens may wish to 
 regard him, I-dare-say they felt that he exhibited insuf- 
 ferable conceit. The people belonging to-the unfortu- 
 nate district will perhaps favor-ihe measure. The 
 members of-our brotherhood were in-the minority. The 
 property in-that district at-lcast was still unsold as-late- 
 as December. 
 
 LESSON LVII 
 
 Wide Initial Hooks. Vowel Relations 
 147. Widening an 1-hook indicates a following ;- in 
 the same syllable; widening an r hook indicates a fol- 
 lowing /. The names are prel, pier, etc. 
 
 Note. Observe in the following examples that the enlarged 
 hook turns like the f-hook or the 1-hook, according as the r or I 
 is sounded first. 
 
 <\ /1 . 7 c V > ^ ^ 
 
 Prl Trl Cllrl Krl Fri THrl SIIil Mr] Xrl 
 
 \ r /~> ^_ ^ 
 
 Plr Tlr CHlr Kir Fir 
 
"NITIAI, HOOKS 169 
 
 WITHOl'T VOWELS. 
 
 April astral clergy clearly peculiar 
 
 liberal tolerable ' Clarence burglar peculiarity 
 
 Blair Charles clerk declare traveler 
 
 control clear Clark singular Merrill 
 
 148. Vowel relations with initial-hook signs: 
 
 a. A vowel sign (other than a circle) is placed 
 before a group sign if pronounced before all the conso- 
 nants in the group, thus: 
 
 oval abler outer 
 
 b. A vowel sign (other than a circle) is placed 
 after a group sign if sounded after two consonants, thus : 
 
 > 7 
 
 throw drill growl 
 
 c. A vowel or diphthong sign, or a semicircle, 
 is placed across or at the beginning or end of a stroke, 
 or 'a circle is placed beside it if sounded after the first 
 consonant in the group, thus: 
 
 Paul curl pearl choir tire queer barrel 
 149. Iss may be placed at the beginning of a wide- 
 hook sign, in which situation it is alwavs read first, thus: 
 
 V - 
 
 spiral stroll scrawl 
 
170 
 
 INITIAL HOOK:; 
 Exercise n i . 
 
 WITH VOWELS. 
 
 (See 148 , b, c.) 
 
 color curl blur girl 
 
 shrill moral flare trial 
 
 Carl abler flour immoral 
 
 barrel growl thrill flourish 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 preliminary Prl i during all Drl 3 
 
 parallel Prl failure Fir 
 
 parliament-ary Prl 3 there will DHrl 
 
 explore sPlr nor will Nrl i 
 
 Exercise 112. 
 
 The clerk was considered a good scholar. Parlia- 
 ment at-that-time exercised no control over the immoral 
 practice of gambling. I-was present during-all-the-time 
 of-the trial of Charles Blair. The Liberal party feels 
 tolerably sure that there-will come an opportunity for- 
 the citizens soon. These flowers were gathered by 
 Fowler while exploring his new farm. It-was-a signifi- 
 cant fact that Clarence considered impracticable all-the 
 preliminary steps which Carl proposed. Nothing but-a 
 secular paper could-have published such-an editorial on- 
 
INITIAL HOOKS I'Jl 
 
 the clergy. He considers this failure a parallel to-the 
 last, nor-will he try anything more. We felt-a thrill of 
 joy at-the unfurling of-the great flag. Merrill thinks it 
 singular to-have such weather in April. Clark declares 
 that he-would-not-be-a follower of-that peculiar sect. 
 The burglar was frightened by-the shrill W 7 histle. The 
 old settlers remember the days of territorial rule. The 
 colors in-the spray were beautiful, but I-could-not spare 
 time to watch them longer. I-felt sure we-had-the abler 
 attorney of-the two. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Sickler could-have gotten the birds into-the snare 
 sooner if he-had h ad-it situated at-a greater height. 
 The peddler had-a piece of coral that looked like-a 
 flower. They furled their banners and stepped into- 
 the frail bark, which seemed ready to break with-their 
 weight. I-tricd to inspect-\\\c work, but was too tired. 
 Charles held the dog by-his collar, but-his growling 
 frightened the little girls. Miss Baird agreed to select- 
 the gilt braid. The page was blurred and-the corners 
 curled up so-that-the signature was dimmed. Pray 
 give-me some of-vour pears. Floyd's feebler effort was 
 foiled by-the act of Field. Coal makes-a glowing fire. 
 His popular lecture on moral science zW<?-be pt(blishcd 
 iii-onr paper. The corporal watched-the enemy's with- 
 drawal by-the light of flaring torches. It-was clear that- 
 the travelers were in search of mineral wealth. This 
 cruel heat is-a peculiarity of equatorial latitudes. The 
 drawing on-the scroll is clearly a portrayal of rural 
 pleasures. The spiral stairway leads up to-a small 
 cobbler's and saddler's shop. I proposed to my em- 
 ployer the nobler course, but he thought it impractica- 
 ble. There-will-be some preliminary steps needed and 
 care must-be exercised in-ordcr to avoid betrayal and 
 failure. I-say frankly that-the measure is-not practi- 
 cable, nor-will it meet with public favor. During-all- 
 that-time they-were prowling about as-if exploring-the 
 coast. One of-the citizens was frank enough to admit 
 
172 
 
 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 it a parallel case. The juggler knows nothing of par- 
 liamentary law. He considers honest dealing worthy 
 of reward. They-were on-the trail of-the squirrels. The 
 secretary-(oj ')-ivar says this step is-not only practicable 
 but necessary for-the public good. Use-a. crock, since- 
 the bottle has no cork. The birds were picking up 
 crumbs on-the curb, but when-the noise of-the riling 
 commenced they flew away. He-made-a frank avowal 
 of-his views to-the secretary -(of ' )-state. We Jeel un- 
 settled in-this unsociable neighborhood. 
 
 LESSON- LVIII 
 Use of Strokes and Hooks for L and R 
 
 Exercise 113. 
 (See 96.) 
 
 I 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 173 
 
 (See 96, 
 pale, pillow 
 bell, below 
 bore, borrow 
 tall, tally 
 tear, tarry 
 doll, Dolly 
 door, Dora 
 saddle, sadly 
 par, power (3) 
 tar. tower 
 toll, towel 
 treat, treaty 
 fault, faulty 
 
 Place vowels 
 chair, cherry 
 chill, chilly 
 jar, Jerry 
 Cole, Kelly 
 car, carry 
 gale, gaily 
 fail, folly 
 vale, valley 
 dull, dial 
 jail, jewel 
 vile, vial 
 failed, valid 
 flood, fluid 
 
 as needed.) 
 civil, safely 
 lure, Laura 
 slur, salary 
 rail, rally 
 mill, mellow 
 Mpore, Mary 
 kneel, Nellie 
 hill, hollow 
 lore, lower 
 rule, royal 
 howl, Howell 
 flowered, Florida 
 afraid, Friday 
 
 i^o. All the consonants in such words as flower, 
 trial, collar, barrel, etc.; can be represented in one 
 group-sign, because the two syllables can be almost 
 merged into one. Other words, however, may require 
 a stroke for the r or /. 
 
 pearl, pearly curl, curly 
 
 trial, truly glare, gl r y 
 
 Charles. Charley flower, flowery 
 
 Clare, Clara failure, flurry 
 
 collar, colliery flour. Flora 
 
 frail, freely 
 thrill, thoroughly 
 moral, morally 
 gnarl, nearly 
 
 Exercise 114, 
 
 I heard-the bell ring repeatedly in-the room below. 
 Dora came to-the door to inform us of-their departure. 
 It-was hard to tear myself away, but I-could-not tarry 
 longer. I-must-say good-bye, for I-must-not miss the 
 car which shoidd carry me home. They-were talking 
 gaily, ignoring-the rising gale. The snow commenced 
 to fall and we-knew it-was folly to go farther. They 
 
174 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 live in-a beautiful valley called Spring Vale. Nellie 
 \vas kneeling on-the grass gathering-the cherries into-a 
 jar. I-know Riley does-not exaggerate in saying that 
 everything was conformable to rule. The face was 
 nearly as pale as-the white pillow. There-are some 
 mellow apples at-the cider mill. Is-there no method 
 whereby Laura may-be lured into this work? They 
 failed to show that-the sale was valid. Though my 
 speech is faulty and needs reform, the fault is-not that- 
 I use exaggeratory language. No treaty was made, for 
 Great Britain refused to treat with-them at-all. They 
 sent me from Florida some flowers of-the magnolia. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Truly I-want nothing but that-the trial shall establish 
 my innocence, and I-know it-will. Augustus must-not 
 cast slurs at-his brother for .receiving-a low salary as 
 book-keeper. I-should-not like to pay Cole the hundred- 
 dollars and exclude Kelly entirelv. I-presume he-went- 
 there to borrow an auger \\ ith-which to bore the hole. 
 //^zY-is.-a dull day the handsome dial must-be idle. I- 
 trust that history has established conclusively the practi- 
 cal value of-the Jirst quarter of-thnt century. Mr. Bell 
 and his brother must-not offer the stock below par, 
 unless power is given by-their board-(of)-directors. 
 They-are afraid Charlev will-be hastening hither-(and)- 
 thither on Friday applying to-all influential people for 
 aid. If-tkere-\\e\-e time they-woulcl have-thcir me- 
 chanical engineer do-the work properly in erery detail. 
 George went-there to see tvh ether the family could 
 make him at all useful in-their present extremity. 
 Shall-their trunks and such-other baggage as-they may 
 bring be delivered to-us? Are-there any problems in 
 geometry still unsolved? The rule is expressly applica- 
 ble to-us. and is obligatory on all other passengers. It- 
 is agreed b\-all that of-all who-iuill come //^-7t'z7/-l>e- 
 the most infoicntial throughout-fat term. Though 
 they-are very exasperating, we-are unable to renion- 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 175 
 
 strate. Otherwise we should take-care that everybody 
 should know of-our feelings with-regard to their con- 
 duct. Was-there anybody passing along-there at-the- 
 time who-could-be chargeable with circulating these 
 dangerous papers ? This-is-a charge -wh ich-will perhaps 
 seem applicable to-the new instructor* but he-~ivill-\)e 
 capable of quickly clearing himself. The newspapers 
 will, as-(a)-matter-(of)-course publish an appropriate 
 notice of-the failure. I-would-not leave if somebody 
 would go for-their cousin. I-did no good by leaving- 
 the established road for-the left-hand path. Such acts 
 have-a deforming i)ijiiicnce on character. 
 
 LESSON LIX 
 Conflicting Words 
 
 Note. Distinguish by vowels, 
 careful writing. 
 
 please, place 
 plate, blade, belt, bolt 
 apply, appeal 
 poor, pure 
 separate, spread 
 purpose, propose 
 approach, broach 
 Parker, Barker 
 Prussia, Persia 
 prosecutor, persecutor 
 apology, pledge 
 oblige, pledge 
 premises, promises 
 symbol, sample 
 unable, enabled 
 noble, notable 
 
 position, length, outline, or 
 
 member, number, 
 
 party 
 
 labored, elaborate 
 Bartley, Barlow 
 dare, try 
 tired, tried 
 director, directory 
 car, cart 
 
 model, medal, metal 
 secret, sacred 
 unscrewed, unsecured 
 greatly, gradually, 
 
 accurately 3 
 migrate, emigrate, 
 
 immigrate 
 legal, illegal, local 
 
176 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 flow, float sure, assured 
 
 follow, flow wear, rule 
 
 firm, farm onljj ne 
 
 frame, form once, unless 
 
 over, from, through hill, hilly 
 
 offer, order, favor inevitable, unavoidable 
 
 vale, valley unsalable, insoluble 
 
 either, their, other valuable, available 
 
 Exercise iij. 
 
 This-is-the one way in-which my persecutor would 
 dare to broach the subject. You-may-be enabled to 
 place the whole emigrating party well. He-says they 
 purpose putting in new belts over the whole mill. They 
 float the produce onrthis stream, which flows along-a 
 fertile valley from-the hilly .district. I-was pledged to 
 help prepare an elaborate record of-the notable doings 
 of other members. The figure stamped on-the medal 
 was-a symbol of-the society's work. I-was assured 
 that-the proposed step of-the directory was illegal. 
 Bartley says the ingredients are pure, but-the product 
 is-not insoluble. I propose to sell you the carts and 
 other property on-these premises, for attempting to hold 
 them for-the farm has tried me beyond measure. He 
 keeps the sacred records in-a secret box, the lid of 
 which is never unsecured. You-should spread the roots 
 well and-the growth will-be gradually improved. I- 
 shall-be unable, without this apology, to please either 
 party in-'our only local society. The steel blades are 
 bolted to metal plates which exactly fit the frame made 
 for-them. This-is-a sample of-the industry of-a people 
 who-are obliged to proceed by slow and labored steps. 
 This director regards it as inevitable that-such results 
 should follow from such causes. Unless they undertake 
 
INITIAL HOOKS 1^7 
 
 to rule us out, there-is-no need to appeal to higher 
 authority. Your favor is received and your hints will 
 be accurately carried out by Barker in Prussia. Are- 
 there any available assets? 
 
 Exercise 116. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS WORDS. 
 
 Plume, plague, blemish, blithe, bleach, clothe, clutch, 
 click, acclaim, glossy, effluvia, flatness, topple, chuckle, 
 petal, pebble, bubble, meddle, arable, auroral, swivel, 
 ripple, nibble, cobble, hobble, cudgel, gable, splash, 
 cycle, classical, fusible. 
 
 Ochre, ether, broth, breezy, droop, dream, drawer, 
 creep, crazy, crouch, crush, creek, grip, groom, grotto, 
 friar, frog, pauper, vapor, taper, robber, copper, ultra, 
 entry, butcher, voyager, lodger, richer, swagger, fissure. 
 
 Cradle, clever, inebriate, enamor, clamor, entreat, 
 crackle, stouter, strata, streak, scrape, scrub, creator, 
 tremor, bleacher, blacker, flattery, triple, grapple, lever, 
 Shiver, armour, tenor, crucible, bridle. 
 
 Pier, bier, bear, char, ajar, gear, sheer, nail, Italic, 
 deluge, relic, tillage, bailiff, film, vilify, vellum, hillock, 
 valiant, barley, amalgamate, philosopher, felicity, gar- 
 ner, charger, germ, jerk, parsimony, pioneer, shark, 
 verbal, carcass, Jericho, Jeremiah, parish. 
 
 Jollity, mollusk, pore, pool, bore, Burr, attire, tour, 
 adore, chore, cowl, core, coarse, fowl, pulp, bulb, mile- 
 age, hulk, purple, falsity, forge, forgery, lurch, nullify, 
 nullity, normal, recourse, recur, accordian, conjure, 
 qualify, Turk, turmoil. 
 
 Unspilt, unsepulchered, ensphere, unsullied, insalu- 
 brious, unsolder, insatiate. 
 
 TAYLOR 12. 
 
178 INITIAL HOOKS 
 
 Apparel, sprawl, broil, sidereal, crawl, gruel, filler, 
 thrall, fiddler, buckler, embroil, unsecularize. 
 
 Colorado, Delaware, Georgia, Birmingham (92), 
 San Francisco (sN-Frss-K), Springfield, Louisville, 
 Baltimore, Detroit, Kalamazoo, Columbus, Harrisburg. 
 Nashville, Milwaukee. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Are-there any explicit orders to-be circulated diiring- 
 that-time? They describe the exercises held over-there 
 as extremely appropriate. Perhaps they -veil I deliver- 
 the telegram to somebody belonging to our partv. par- 
 ticularly as-the proper owner has-not yet appeared. 
 Shall-their quit-claim deeds be kept in-a separate box 
 until-\he annual report is made? The geometry lesson 
 was still harder to-day. T\\ey-\\\\\ foreclose quickly if- 
 an unfavorable answer is sent to Mr. Curtis. I-fail to 
 see anything remarkable in the fellow. We secured a 
 favorable verdict from-\\\e jury, or at anv-rate one 
 which-is acceptable in part. A number of people were 
 attracted by-the cries of-the wild creature. Iti-all- 
 probability he-will-he, asked to name cither the sccre- 
 tarv- (of) -state or the secretary -(of) -war. Everywhere- 
 else the prospect for fruit is unfavorable. Through-^. 
 massacre our interests were endangered, as described 
 in-my former letter. In-reply to the inquiry of-the 
 instructor, the war was incorrectly ascribed to causes 
 arising in the latter part of-the preceding century. 
 They-will-be incapable of stemming the dangerous tide. 
 They agree that foreclosure on-the real-estate may 
 endanger the securities of-those who-are interested 
 equally with-us in-the northwest. Are there any me- 
 chanical workers capable of handling the external parts 
 of-the work properly? \-remembcred that they applied 
 to-the minister for- a number of scriptural texts in respect 
 to-that and such-other topics as-the doctor had named. 
 The initials of names should-be capital letters. \Yith 
 unspeakable pleasure we-saw the assembly grow larger 
 and larger, quickly increasing until-the room 
 
INITIAL HOOKS I 79 
 
 I-\vas thankful to-all \\ho-had remembered me in so 
 considerate a \vav. \-assnre you that-the contract is 
 identical with one in-regard to unsecured claims, 
 wkich-vrill-\>i agreed to by-all. It-is improbable that 
 they-will-be considerate enough to give us an exclusive 
 right. 
 
FINAL HOOKS 
 
 LESSONS LX LXXVI 
 
 181 
 
LESSON LX 
 N-Hook 
 
 151. For n (alone or followed by other consonants) 
 at the end of a syllable containing a stroke consonant, a 
 small hook is turned opposite the circle-side on straight 
 strokes, or inside on curves. The n-hook is indicated 
 In- n. 
 
 \ J / _, V C ) J 
 
 Pn(pen) Tn CHn Gn Fn DHn Sn SHn 
 
 Ln Mn Nn Rn (ren) Rn (arn) Wn Hn 
 
 152. With the n-hook signs, vowels are written as 
 with other signs. The n is sounded last. 
 
 153. With a final-hook sign, the ing-dot is placed on 
 a line with the direction of the stroke, and not at the end 
 of the hook. 
 
 pining running gaining earning his 
 
 154. An n-hook sign may begin with a brief sign or 
 a hook. 
 
 ... 
 
 spin heaven woven plain screen cistern 
 183 
 
184 
 
 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 Exercise 117, 
 
 \ \x\v\ x-xv\.- 
 
 .-.r-r HLr-.r 
 
 
 -vv 
 
 l-t % 
 
 x^^rt i 
 
 - 1 & 
 
 *}^r 
 
 
 >^_^ . 
 
 , , 
 
 r 5 ^ _? / 
 
 <^S 
 
 s'' \> 
 
 s" v" "^J\ 
 
 ~N- "~X >S. ^ ^\ 
 
 =>. ^\ ^ 
 
 \ 
 
 \/,/ 
 
 
 
 '} j 
 
 
 WITHOUT VOWELS. 
 
 upon 
 
 assign 
 
 concern 
 
 learn 
 
 wooden 
 
 been 
 
 comm-ission sustain 
 
 strain 
 
 wagon 
 
 contain 
 
 run 
 
 Stephen 
 
 screen 
 
 woven 
 
 June 
 
 earn 
 
 stolen 
 
 heaven 
 
 woolen 
 
 can 
 
 none 
 
 stern 
 
 Helen 
 
 worn 
 
 again 
 
 Spain 
 
 plan 
 
 human 
 
 warn 
 
 fine 
 
 stone 
 
 flown 
 
 horn 
 
 Warren 
 
 then 
 
 summon million 
 
 weapon 
 
 sworn 
 
 
 
 WITH VOWELS. 
 
 
 
 open 
 
 often 
 
 mean 
 
 saloon 
 
 (142) 
 
 Dan 
 
 thin 
 
 noon 
 
 serene 
 
 torn 
 
 John 
 
 zone 
 
 known 
 
 swain 
 
 scorn 
 
 Jane 
 
 ocean 
 
 rain 
 
 blown 
 
 fern 
 
 join 
 
 line 
 
 iron (36) 
 
 brain 
 
 fallen 
 
 cane 
 
 Ellen 
 
 hone 
 
 train 
 
 born 
 
 gain 
 
 Allen 
 
 stain 
 
 frown 
 
 barn 
 
FINAL HOOKS 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 AND POSITION. 
 
 
 happen 
 
 Pn 3 
 
 southern 
 
 sDHn 3 
 
 spoken 
 
 sPn 
 
 mine 
 
 i 
 
 attain 
 
 Tn 3 
 
 men 
 
 i 
 
 town 
 
 Tn 3 
 
 women 
 
 i 
 
 at length 
 
 Tin 3 
 
 woman 
 
 2 
 
 down 
 
 Dn 3 
 
 morning 
 
 Mrn 
 
 doctrine 
 
 Trn i 
 
 opinion 
 
 Nn i 
 
 religion 
 
 Jn i 
 
 union 
 
 Nh 3 
 
 general-ly 
 
 Jn 
 
 sanguine 
 
 sNGns 
 
 junior 
 
 J n 3 
 
 workman 
 
 wRn 
 
 adjourn 
 
 Jrn 
 
 workmen 
 
 wRen 
 
 question 
 
 Kn 
 
 we mean 
 
 i 
 
 organ 
 
 Gn i 
 
 explain 
 
 sPln 
 
 begin 
 
 Gn i 
 
 explanation 
 
 sPln 
 
 begun 
 
 Gnz 
 
 to have been 
 
 Bn 3 
 
 began 
 
 Gn 3 
 
 denominate- ion 
 
 Dn i 
 
 furnish 
 
 Frn 
 
 delinquent 
 
 Din i 
 
 furniture 
 
 Frn 
 
 Christian-ity 
 
 Krn i 
 
 even 
 
 i 
 
 examine 
 
 sMn 3 
 
 within 
 
 DHn i 
 
 examination 
 
 sMn 3 
 
 than 
 
 3 
 
 may have been 
 
 MPn 
 
 has been 
 as has been 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 has it been 
 has there been 
 
 they may have been 
 (DH-MPn) 
 
 155. Wherever convenient, the n-hook is used for 
 not, o-jon, than, and one, as in the following phrases: 
 
 did not 
 
 is he not 
 
 who were not 3 
 
 it had not 
 
 (129) 
 
 her own 
 
 had it not 
 
 he will not 
 
 my own 
 
 or not 
 
 who will not 
 
 your own 
 
 ought not 
 
 who are not 
 
 our own 
 
1 86 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 their own 
 by our own 
 of our own 
 to our own 
 
 more than 
 other than 
 larger than 
 any one 
 
 no one 
 some one 
 every one 
 whether (or) not 
 
 Exercise 1 18. 
 
 John Allen, Jr., often wished his father to assign him- 
 the property, but did-not feel sanguine of attaining-his 
 object within-the year. We-can join you at your-own 
 Union rooms at noon. As-has-been shown, Warren 
 and Horn, two of-our-own workmen, will begin com- 
 plaining of any plan not their-own. You ought-not to 
 say more-than you-mean or scorn the opinion of any- 
 one known to-be so wise. According to-the report of- 
 the examination by-our-own men, the car has-been run- 
 ning upon-the track again. Xo-one can tell whether- 
 (or)-not it-had-not seemed best for some-one other-than 
 our-own leader to move to adjourn. Dan has-gone- 
 down to open the office, but he-will-not be in town 
 long. Helen left none of her-own furniture, not even- 
 the organ. The question of-the saloon will-be spoken of 
 to-our-own members at-length. Swain, the main work- 
 man, can explain why a chain with-an iron pin has-been 
 furnished. Mr. Green then had my-own witness sworn 
 and began to examine him on-his former explanation. 
 Jane thinks-the writing may-(have)-been larger-than 
 mine. They-are men who-are-not unwilling to sustain a 
 good work and who-will-not refuse our request. Had- 
 it-not seemed to-the woman a warning frown, she would- 
 have felt less concern. We-mean that you-can explain- 
 the doctrine as-well-as he-can. Has-it-been so long, 
 and has-there-been no letter from Spain yet? Is-he-not 
 praising what Stephen has-done in draining-his corn 
 field? It-may happen that every-one will claim to- 
 
FIXAL HOOKS 1 67 
 
 (have)-been studying. The southern taxes are delin- 
 quent. The women said they-had generally begun work 
 earlier in-the morning than seven. To what Christian 
 denomination or other religion does she belong? 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 J-fas-it-been long since Frank was heard from, or 
 h a s-t 'here-been a message saying he- will-not go to-our- 
 own farm? Warren dicl-not mean that every-one had 
 begun denominate numbers under this instructor. Be- 
 fore dawn some-one left in-the lane the identical box 
 icith-my initials, containing-the quit-claim deeds and 
 such-other papers as-were stolen at-(the)-same-time. 
 They-were inconsiderate, for-the child had merely fallen 
 and torn her clean apron. I-assure-you I-mean to cut 
 down that thorn tree and that pine in-order to get 
 more light from-the northwest. The moon shone upon- 
 the plain, and we-could follcnv-\\\e path accnratclv. 
 Unskilled workmen collected the stone and filled-the 
 wagon in-which it-was drawn to-the train. All grain 
 of-the quality grown in-the central field will-be stored 
 in-the barn as-a preliminary step. I-could-not-say 
 whether any of-the fello~vs who applied were good 
 workmen or-not, and I-was making explicit inquiries. 
 Irene is inexpressibly delighted, and is sanguine in-the 
 hope of beginning lessons on-the organ toward June. 
 Your opinion of-the furniture shown us this morning 
 is-the same as mine; in other-words it-is conclusive 
 that it-v> ill-be secured as-(a)-matter-(of )-course. They- 
 have clone well, but it-is improbable that thcv-vcill 
 attain-the object alone ; therefore I-feel called upon to 
 give them more-(or)-less assistance. Stephen began 
 to learn some texts of scripture and-a fine poem. The 
 man may-(have)-been thrown from-the train as-the 
 speed increased. The men have already spoken at- 
 length on-that question and in words -vhich-are expres- 
 sive of-our opinion. The junior member can explain 
 everything to-the workmen if any-one can. Every-one 
 in-the union is serene since this sudden turn in our 
 affairs. See whether- (or)-not you-will-be-able at-length 
 
1 88 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 to furnish a list of-my delinquent taxes as-well-as your- 
 own. Had-it-not been for-your summoning-the \voman, 
 her-own duty would-have brought her. Upon examina- 
 tion the general 5s-said (to-have)-been willing to adopt 
 the plan. We-mean to employ the women within-a 
 week if-\ve-can. He-will- not have time to see-the ocean 
 unless the meeting in-the town should happen to adjourn 
 early. Religion is even claimed (to-have)-been-the 
 cause of many wars. No explanation of-the drowning 
 other-than this seems- (to-hav-e)-been possible. Is-he- 
 not likely to-do more-than that for-the sake of human 
 brotherhood alone? No-one need mourn that it-had-not 
 been known before. Our-own opinion on-the doctrine 
 must-be more correct than that of persons who-are-not 
 interested. My-own trunk is larger-than any that-are 
 offered. This-is-a man who- will-not refuse what every- 
 one in-a Christian community expects. The offer of-the 
 southern members ought-not to-be neglected. Simon 
 had used-the pen little and could-not earn his living in- 
 that line of work. By combining with them the men 
 hope to gain a commission. The wind may-(have)- 
 been too-much strain for-the worn posts. 
 
 LESSON LXI 
 
 N-Hook with Circle and Loop 
 
 156. On straight strokes an n-hook may be closed to 
 form a circle or loop, thus: 
 
 \ J- ^ -^ \ 
 
 pens tenses Kansas against punster 
 
 157. Iss joined to an n-hook on curves must be writ- 
 ten within the hook, thus: \^ fans. (See 139.) 
 
 1^8. Ses, steh and ster cannot be written within the 
 
FINAL HOOKS 
 
 l8 9 
 
 n-hook; therefore, where any form of a word requires 
 the n-stroke, the simple form is usually written with the 
 stroke: announce, X-Xs ; not Xns. 
 
 Exercise ng. 
 
 J-IJ 
 
 ^Q 
 
 j? N ^ j? 
 
 (156) 
 
 skeins 
 
 rinsed 
 
 silence 
 
 (^58) 
 
 suspense 
 
 rains 
 
 canister 
 
 means 
 
 fences 
 
 plans 
 
 dances 
 
 (157) 
 
 mines 
 
 offensive 
 
 tense 
 
 chances 
 
 vines 
 
 immense 
 
 convinces 
 
 sustains 
 
 Kansas 
 
 thence 
 
 Stearns 
 
 conveyance' 
 
 strains 
 
 condensed 
 
 shines 
 
 sufferance 
 
 announces 
 
 saddens 
 
 against 
 
 lines 
 
 thrones 
 
 announced 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 happens 
 
 happiness 
 
 expense 
 
 expensive 
 
 compliance 
 
 appliance 
 
 appliances 
 
 explains 
 
 appearance 
 
 appearances 
 
 Pns 3 
 Pns 3 
 sPns 
 sPns 
 Pins i 
 Pins 3 
 Plnss 3 
 sPlns 
 Prns i 
 Prnss i 
 
 principal-ly 
 
 principle 
 
 principles 
 
 experience 
 
 experiences 
 
 experienced 
 
 inexperienced 
 
 balance 
 
 remembrance 
 
 at once 
 
 Prns 
 
 Prns 
 
 Prnss 
 
 sPrns 
 
 sPrnss 
 
 sPrnst 
 
 in-sPrnst 
 
 Bins 
 
 Brns 
 
 Tns 3 
 
190 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 extensive sTns generalize Jns 
 
 circumstance sTns 3 occurrence Krns i 
 
 circumstances sTnss 3 consequence sKns i 
 
 audience aDns consequences sKnss i 
 
 downstairs Dnstrs 3 organize Gns i 
 
 deliverance Dins i organized Gnst i 
 
 Exercise 120. 
 
 Without organized effort, the chances are against 
 success. Horn turns all sorts of circumstances to good 
 use. Compliance with-your wishes is-a happiness to 
 me. We-shall combine and organize our forces for 
 extensive work. I chanced to relate-the circumstance 
 and he-said it-was-a deliverance from possible bad con- 
 sequences. He explains the principle of-the appliance 
 from -his experience as-a workman. Dr. Jones went 
 at-once to Union City and thence to Kansas. The fog 
 was dense and we-were inexperienced in-the modes of 
 travel. The rains have delayed the laying of-the gas 
 mains. She washed and rinsed the canisters well. 
 Simon was experienced in-the use of-the balances and 
 other appliances. He experiences little difficulty in 
 carrying out his plans. I-am convinced that under- 
 (the)-circnmstances this means of conveyance is too 
 expensive. From appearances, the expense of fencing 
 is hindering-the work. Those strains of music call to 
 remembrance early days. The principles he announces 
 oughf-not to cause any offense. I glanced over the 
 principal headings in-my notes. He generalizes, avoid- 
 ing details and particulars. I chanced to enter-the same 
 conveyance with Stearns. It often happens that he 
 shuns Swain and warns me to-do-so. 
 
FINAL HOOKS 
 
 Vance scorns to stop his suspense by-such means ; in- 
 other-words ^t'-tc-z'/Abe frank with-them in-this as in 
 everything-else. This occurrence in-the District-of- 
 Golumbia improves things and opens a way to larger 
 gains. In silence they read the lines expressive of-your 
 sympathy. Voices in-the audience drown the tones of- 
 the speaker to-a greater-(or)-less degree. She means 
 that it-is-not impracticable to put vines where the sun 
 shines so hot. With delight the child watched how-the 
 light danced among-the dew-drops on-the grass. Every- 
 body frankly admits that Evans has made-an immense 
 improvement in-this appliance. The past tense of-the 
 word "experience" is shown by-a loop. Jones explains 
 that-a quicker deliverance will-be secured as-a conse- 
 quence of-this step. A society was formally organized 
 in-the audience at-once. The security of some thrones 
 is in-the sufferance of-the people. I-call Mr. Jones's 
 brother an experienced -workman. Mr. Crane's opinion 
 on-the occurrence was condensed into-a word, as- 
 /ias-keen shown. Here and everywhere he shuns all 
 reference to-those circumstances- It happens that-the 
 prospect of-a meeting of principals will hinder my 
 compliance with-your request. Otherwise I-assure-you 
 I-should come down without question. Judging by. 
 appearances he-was inexperienced in-the principles of- 
 this appliance. Stephen's experience in organizing has- 
 been extensive; therefore \\\ skill \s more-than ordinary. 
 Being-a man of principle and having had experience, 
 he-can generalize as to-\\\c probable consequences of 
 holding such opinions. Stearns to-dav pays the balance 
 due and attains his object of securing himself against 
 forcclosrire. This circumstance saddens us in no 
 ordinary degree, for it concerns the General's welfare. 
 This explains the man's sudden appearance and his 
 changeable views with-regard to-the question. We- 
 h.ive-the happiness to know that-such occurrences in- 
 thc mir.es chargeable to unskilled employees are more- 
 (and)-niore rare. They expressly agree that no ques- 
 ti .us >hal!-')e asked as-to expense z//z7-the work is 
 
192 
 
 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 organized m-the larger towns. The piece is rather 
 expensive, containing-a great-many skeins of fine. silk. 
 He sustains his charitable work by-his-own labor. 
 Norman says-the meeting adjourns at nine. He an- 
 nounced that-the case would-be compromised by-the 
 conveyance of-the farm. His pleasant voice convinces 
 us that he-has-no offensive words to speak. My re- 
 membrance is that it-was-a consequence of-your sudden 
 appearance. 
 
 LESSON LXII 
 
 N-Hcok Signs Following Other Strokes 
 Exercise 121. 
 
 Reuben 
 
 burden 
 
 Griffin 
 
 Huron 
 
 obedience 
 
 Tribune 
 
 Jordon 
 
 Calvin 
 
 discern 
 
 substance 
 
 obtain 
 
 engine 
 
 strengthen 
 
 vet-era n 
 
 com-pe-tence 
 
 detain 
 
 Lincoln 
 
 machine 
 
 mod-ern 
 
 eloquence 
 
 Boston 
 
 slacken 
 
 Julian 
 
 patt-ern 
 
 (78) 
 
 straighten 
 
 decline 
 
 remain 
 
 ret-urn 
 
 postman 
 
 Fulton 
 
 regain 
 
 drayman 
 
 (156) 
 
 postpone 
 
 Norton 
 
 Josephine 
 
 Eastman 
 
 instance 
 
 mistaken 
 
FINAL HOOKS 
 
 193 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 AND POSITION. 
 
 
 captain 
 
 K-Pn 
 
 republican 
 
 R-P-Bn 
 
 substantial-ly 
 
 sB-sTn 
 
 Franklin 
 
 Fr-Kln 3 
 
 Hamilton 
 
 aMl-Tn 
 
 northern 
 
 Nr-DHn 
 
 Washington 
 
 SH-NG-Tn 
 
 lengthen 
 
 NG-THn 3 
 
 determine 
 
 D-Trn 
 
 outline 
 
 3 
 
 expediency 
 
 sP-Dn 
 
 forenoon 
 
 Fo-Nn 
 
 negligence 
 
 N-Gns 
 
 afternoon 
 
 Ft-Nn 
 
 intelligence 
 
 Nt-Jns 
 
 western 
 
 Ws-Rn 
 
 indulgence 
 
 Nd-ujns 
 
 southwestern 
 
 sWs-Rn 
 
 quicken 
 
 i 
 
 southeastern 
 
 sTH-sRn 3 
 
 unquestioning N-Kn. 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 easier than 
 any more than 
 lower than 
 
 (See 155). 
 
 earlier than 
 nearer than 
 slower than 
 
 smaller than 
 
 better than 
 
 for instance F-sTns 
 
 159. With the large semi-circle, a final hook may be 
 
 G 
 
 turned inside for not, thus : we were not. 
 
 we would not 
 were we not 
 what would not 
 
 would we not 
 were you not 
 would you not 
 
 you were not 
 you would not 
 
 Exercise 122, 
 
 Herman's work is substantially like the pattern and 
 better-than mine. It-will-be easier-than you-think to 
 determine-the strength of-the machine this forenoon. 
 We-would-not wish to cheapen his services for-the Re- 
 publican party in-the western states any-more-than you- 
 would. How-often. for-instance, you yourself have-said 
 that he-has-been guilty of negligence in slackening-his 
 
 TAYLOR 13. 
 
194 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 efforts. Were-vve-not to return to-the southwestern 
 states with Hamilton and remain until he-should re- 
 gain-a competence? Would-you-not wish to detain 
 Eastman in Washington until Jordan delivers-the en- 
 gine? You-would-not trust an unknown workman 
 \vith-a mere outline drawing. The captain need-not 
 determine-the question earlier-than four this afternoon, 
 for Chapman will-be slower-than he thinks. Were-you- 
 not expecting Josephine to begin German in June? 
 We-were-not willing for Fulton to-be postman again. 
 They-say you-were-not intending to bargain with Frank- 
 lin. We-would-not wish to lengthen-the time, but 
 would rather quicken its passage. Would-we-not ex- 
 pect Martin to see-the expediency of straightening out 
 his American affairs in-the southeastern states? You- 
 would-not be able, in-this instance, to strengthen Grif- 
 fin's courage, for any-one can discern that it-is even 
 lower-than usual. The glue has made-the broken 
 tureen substantially as-good-as new. The Tribune, 
 edited by Norton, is smaller-than-the Journal, but is 
 nearer-than it-is to-our-own views. Such unquestion- 
 ing faith in Coffin's pardon is but-the indulgence of-a 
 mistaken hope. This intelligence concerning-the north- 
 ern assets will surprise Newton. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 We-were-not surprised when-the cannpn was fired 
 this forenoon according to promise. We-had-been en- 
 joining silence upon them, for we-would-not deepen 
 her sorrow, which-was great though unexpressed. This 
 chance to foreclose has-been-an opportune occurrence 
 for Newman in-the insecurity of-this business extremity. 
 They-may determine 'to rejoin Catherine on-the south- 
 eastern coast where she-has-been for-ayear. Since- 
 then the expediency of unquestioning obedience dur- 
 ing-all of childhood's days has-been plain to-them. 
 
FINAL HOOKS 195 
 
 This-is-the man \vho-has-been making-the outline draw- 
 ing, and he-says-the expense is chargeable to-the city 
 treasurer. Mr. Hartman has-a substantial competence 
 in property in-a western state. You-were-not expect- 
 ing Bowman's troubles in-the real-estate business to 
 thicken so fast. If the sunshine should return earlier- 
 than we-expect, we-will explore the southwestern corner 
 of-the bay yet this afternoon, if thought practicable. 
 That has-not-been-a mistaken idea ; it-is nearer-than 
 you supposed to-the truth. The rooms are smaller-than 
 ours and-the ceilings Io wet- than I-thought. Were-we- 
 not improperly encroaching upon-the captain's domain? 
 I-am slovver-than you and 'my work has-not-been con- 
 sidered better-than yours, for-instance I-never received 
 any-more-than you-did in wages. Your work has never 
 shown the effects of negligence. Did-you-mean that 
 there-had-been-a letter received containing-a check ex- 
 changeable for gold ? I-had-been expecting in every mail 
 some intelligence of-my lost violin. What-has-been-the 
 success of-the Republicans in Michigan? Would-you- 
 not be beaten there for-the office of treasurer? He-has- 
 been showing-his skill in setting-the keystone of-the 
 arch this afternoon. There-has-been talk of making 
 Dryden chairman to fill-the place of Julian. What- 
 has-been Franklin's district as postman during-all- 
 this-time? Were-you-not bemoaning-the fact that-the 
 northern states supported Lincoln? Would-you-not like 
 to-have us return your valuable copy of Byron to-day? 
 Your letter in-regard to-the annual reports has-been 
 referred to Hamilton. You-would-not like me to 
 lengthen-the storv of-those foreign disasters. He-said 
 Latin was easier-than he expected. The bill would-be 
 exchangeable in Boston except that it-is improperly 
 signed. .The idea attracts us but does-not seem fully 
 practicable with our business so insecure. The quicker 
 the jury agree the earlier we-shall-be-a^/<?-/0 return to 
 Washington. Wouid-we-not quicken our steps if we- 
 were fully aiuare that there-is insecurity? I-failed to 
 see anything curious or remarkable in-the nnexpressive 
 faces. I-felt that mere pleasure was-an aim that-was 
 even less worthy. 
 
196 
 
 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 LESSON LXIII 
 Half Length N-Hook Signs 
 
 160. When a final-hook sign is halved, the / or </, as 
 in other cases, is sounded last. 
 
 Pnt Bnt Tnt CHnt Knt Fnt Vnt THnt Lnt 
 Exercise 123. 
 
 N \. \* X \ x\ 1 ^ ^ 9 f 
 
 .1 
 
 r 
 
 > j- 
 
 .? 
 
 .9 .P 
 
 ,/./,?'" 
 
 ^ ^^ ^ 
 
 
 . C S 
 
 s 
 
 <Y ^ ^A c > y .Ji * 
 
 * X A * 
 
 !H%^ 
 
 e/r-^. 
 
 /r~* 
 
 ^^^^^-^ 3^_^ 
 
 
 
 opened earned 
 
 stipend 
 
 current 
 
 (105) 
 
 bound errand 
 
 suspend 
 
 scorned 
 
 assigned 
 
 contained around 
 
 sustained 
 
 (156) 
 
 silent 
 
 attend spend 
 
 consistent contents 
 
 print 
 
 Kent stand 
 
 warned 
 
 chants 
 
 splint 
 
 count second 
 
 trained 
 
 grounds 
 
 joint 
 
 gained softened 
 
 strained 
 
 (^57) 
 
 point 
 
 offend summoned (142) 
 
 friends 
 
 appoint 
 
 event concerned 
 
 turned 
 
 amounts 
 
 kind 
 
 land consonant 
 
 spurned 
 
 surrounds find 
 
 (Hooked W and MP 
 
 halved) 
 
 (Ed-tick) 
 
 warranted 
 
 impugned swooned 
 
 painted 
 
 surrounded 
 
 impend. 
 
 
 founded 
 
 rented 
 
FINAL HOOKS 
 
 197 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 AND POSITION. 
 
 
 happened 
 
 Pnt 3 
 
 gentlemen 
 
 Jnt i 
 
 patent 
 
 Pnt 3 
 
 gentleman 
 
 Jnt 2 
 
 acceptance 
 
 sPnts 3 
 
 cannot 
 
 Knt i 
 
 plenty 
 
 Pint 
 
 consequent 
 
 sKnt i 
 
 applicant 
 
 Plnt 3 
 
 county 
 
 Knt 
 
 explained 
 
 sPlnt 
 
 account 
 
 Knt 3 
 
 parent 
 
 Prnt 
 
 foundation 
 
 Fnt 3 
 
 comprehend 
 
 .Prnt 
 
 frequent-ly 
 
 Frnt i 
 
 apparent 
 
 Prnt 3 
 
 island (poid) 
 
 i-Lnt i 
 
 apprehend 
 
 Prnt 3 
 
 were not 
 
 wRnt 
 
 superintend-ent 
 
 sPrnt 3 
 
 minute 
 
 Mnt i 
 
 behind 
 
 But i 
 
 movement 
 
 Mnt 3 
 
 to-night 
 
 Tnt i 
 
 examined 
 
 sMnt 3 
 
 attained 
 
 3 
 
 we meant 
 
 i 
 
 accident 
 
 sDnt 3 
 
 at hand 
 
 Tnt 3 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 161. JVot in phrases, following words which have 
 full-length strokes, is represented by the n-hook and 
 halving, thus: do not, Dnt. 
 
 Note. / and we joined to did not, do not, and had not, are 
 written according to paragraph 50, so that the second signs may 
 come, respectively, above the line, on the line, and through the 
 line. c 
 
 3 1 5 < c 
 
 M M- 
 
 do not 
 had not 3 
 I did not 
 I do not 
 I had not 
 he did not 
 he had not 
 
 we did not 
 we do not 
 we had not 
 you did not 
 you do not 
 you had not 
 I can not i 
 
 he can not 
 we can not i 
 you can not 
 if not i 
 have not 
 I have not 
 we have not 
 
198 FINAL .HOOKS 
 
 you have not we are not I which will not 
 
 was not you are not I dare not 
 
 I was not am not they are not 
 
 who was not I am not i (DHrnt) 
 
 will not ma y n t which are not 
 
 I will not i we may not i (CHrnt) 
 
 we will not i it will not which were not 
 
 you will not they will not (CHrnt 3) 
 
 are not (DHlnt) 
 
 on the one hand (wNnt) on the other hand (DHrnt 3) 
 on either hand (DHrnt i) is at hand (sTnt i) 
 
 Exercise 124. 
 
 The kind old gentleman always happened to-have 
 plenty of money at-hand. The superintendent will sus- 
 pend his opinion on-the accident until he-has examined 
 all concerned and received-a full account of-it. We- 
 found we-had-not judged correctly as-to-the foundation 
 of-the story current there. We-meant to-do good by- 
 this movement, but were-not sustained by Kent. I-find 
 that these gentlemen have attained a high standing in- 
 the county and are-not behind any-one in-the amount of 
 good they-do. I apprehend that Trent will-be consist- 
 ent in-his acts. I-have explained that if you-do-not like 
 the applicants you-are-not obliged to employ them. 
 (On-the)-one-hand was-the hurry consequent upon 
 pressing business on-the Island, and (on-the)-other- 
 hand was your kind request. Do-not tell me you-will- 
 not go to-night or we-will-not go either. You-had-not 
 opened the rooms where the patent was exhibited and 
 we-did-not find any-one there. We-have-not brought 
 his parents around to-our-own point of view, and we-do- 
 not hope to-do-so. I-dare-not count on-this when I- 
 have-not a minute's time to spend. You-did-not see 
 
FINAL HOOKS 199 
 
 me, so I-did-not wait. Had-not all-the front seats (on)- 
 either-hand been taken? I-was-not able-to go yester- 
 day, and to-day I-will-not leave. Was-not that duty 
 frequently assigned to-him ? I-had-not any doubt that- 
 his friends' constant efforts could-be explained, if-not 
 justified. It-will-not take long, but we-are-not ready. 
 This-is-an offer which-will-not secure his acceptance. 
 We-may-not succeed if they-are-not with-us. Haven't 
 they comprehended his purpose? He-did-not seem to 
 mind the apparent failure in-the surrounding counties, 
 but we-were silent, fearing to offend him. They-were 
 papers which-were-not of any value, and they-will-not 
 even be missed. They-are books which-are-not well 
 bound and-the print is bad. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Having gained my point I feigned interest and 
 turned around with-them. He spurned our comfort and 
 mourned alone. I strained every nerve and attained the 
 summit. I apprehended that he-had-not time to-go, 
 and thc-othcrs were-not ready. He-was-not to-be bent 
 from -\~\\s course even to grant-si favor to-a friend. He- 
 may-not ask for anything that you-can-not spare. Kent 
 had-not seen what-the boxes contained. The superintend- 
 ent spends the mornings in-the tent. You-may-not find 
 this lesson hard, but we-find it so. Didn't they appoint 
 him, after-that event, to-go around the district? We- 
 uiay-not wish to-have Bond attend to raising-the fund. 
 Are-not your good spirits consequent upon your having 
 earned your-own money? The crowd was so dense 
 (on)-either-hand that I-did-not see my parents. They- 
 are-not joint o-juners and I-have-not lent the money to 
 both. I-do-not suppose Tjoe-are warranted in-this infer- 
 ence, and I-cannot consent to-your leaving-the island. 
 He-did-not comprehend that you-had-not seen-the ap- 
 plicant. He-was-a gentleman who-was-not willing to 
 change a constant habit. I-had-not-the courage to find 
 out the contents of-the letter. He complained that-the 
 
2OO FINAL HOOKS 
 
 few seconds' delay caused the accident that happened 
 on Tuesday. They certainly meant to report their ac- 
 ceptance of-the amount offered. This can-not account 
 for-the apparent failure of-the gentlemen who patented 
 the article. I frequently saw-the blind student standing 
 at-a desk in-the front hall. He-tvill-not mind delay 
 if only his object ts-to-be attained. He-can-not wait-a 
 minute if-you-are behind time on-this errand. The 
 doctor examined-the sprained wrist and selected some 
 splints for-it. Our efforts in-this county were crowned 
 with success. His coming when summoned is explained 
 (on the)-one-hand by-his interest and (on the)-other- 
 hand by-his dread of Mr. Bond. There-was scant 
 foundation for-such-a movement, but we-had plenty of 
 courage. Your letter which tells us you-have warded 
 off the impending danger is-at-hand. to-night. We- 
 meant to-have-the house painted. I-felt bound to stand 
 good for-the rent. He-was saddened by-the event, and 
 seemed to-be softened toward his enemy. I scorned to 
 quarrel and burned the papers. We cannot find Grant 
 at-the counting room, though he appointed this time to 
 meet us. You-may-not wish to rent land that cannot 
 easily be drained. We planned to attend the meeting 
 on-the grounds. Will-not Dent do this errand for-us? 
 I-am-not surprised that you-find this cement floor 
 easily cleaned. May-not Flint be warned in-time? I- 
 am-not ready to say you-have-not done harm. 
 
FIXAI. HOOKS 
 
 201 
 
 LESSON LXIV 
 Half-Length N-Hook Signs Following Other Strokes 
 
 Exercise 
 \ PI l v I v I 
 
 .U L \^ \r 
 
 occupants 
 
 incidents 
 
 fraudulent 
 
 installment 
 
 sharpened 
 
 merchants 
 
 stimulant 
 
 (146) 
 
 disappoint 
 
 urgent 
 
 bri-lliant 
 
 insolvent 
 
 respond 
 
 imagined 
 
 Noland 
 
 instruments 
 
 postponed 
 
 awakened 
 
 demands 
 
 appraisement 
 
 (78) 
 
 discount 
 
 aspirant 
 
 endorsement 
 
 testament 
 
 arrogant 
 
 remind 
 
 ailment 
 
 extant 
 
 arguments 
 
 Raymond 
 
 imminent 
 
 straigh-tened 
 
 fervent 
 
 assessment 
 
 ret-urned 
 
 ardent 
 
 servants 
 
 statement 
 
 
 president 
 
 excellent 
 
 settlement 
 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 correspondent Krs-Pnt 
 correspondence Krs-Pnts 
 inhabitant N-Bnt I 
 
 husband Z-Bnt 
 
 understand Nd-sTnt 
 
 misunderstand 
 
 Ms-Nd-sTnt 
 
 AND POSITION. 
 
 withstand with-sTnt 
 
 determined D-Trnt 
 
 expedient sP-Dnt 
 
 vice-president Vs-Ps-Dnt 
 
 intelligent Xt-Jnt 
 
 unquestioned N-Knt 
 
 negligent N-Gnt 
 
202 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 infinite N-Fnt i attainment T-Mnt 3 
 
 appointment Pt-Mnt I experiment sPr-Mnt 
 
 disSppoinment Ds-Pt-Mnt Maryland Mr-Lnt 
 
 assignment S-Mnt Rhode Island R-D-Lnt 
 
 permanent Pr-Mnt adjournment Jr-Mnt 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 dear friend they were not 
 
 my-dear friend ladies (and) gentlemen 
 
 are they not to a great extent (Grt-sTnt) 
 
 Exercise 126. 
 
 Raymond says that, in-his-judgment, the document 
 which-was-not included in-the assignment should-be re- 
 turned. The inhabitants were prudent, and determined 
 to adopt some expedient to withstand the fraudulent 
 practices. Dear-friend, I-hope you-will-find employ- 
 ment with some merchant, and not be disappointed. 
 They-were-not willing for-the president to-be in-such 
 imminent danger from another of-the society's servants. 
 My-dear-friend, it-is unquestioned that-the appraise- 
 ment by Clelland will-be-an excellent argument. The 
 vice-president will-be reminded that-the affairs of the 
 Maryland claimants must-be straightened out at-once. 
 The appointment should-not-be postponed, for we-m ay- 
 be detained some time. Did-you-understnnd his state- 
 ment to-be that Leland was to-be pardoned and retained 
 in office ? That this ideal was-the permanent basis of the 
 society's work was-a point that-was-not understood even 
 by-his intelligent and brilliant mind. You-understand 
 that there-was-not a large company of ladies-(and)- 
 gentlemen present at-the-time of-the adjournment. His 
 latent power to invent has-been (to a)-great-extent 
 awakened by-the encouragement of urgent friends. 
 They-mav-not understand-the correspondence which- 
 
FINAL HOOKS 203 
 
 has-been had with-the Rhode-Island house. This-has- 
 been my understanding, and so I-have remained here 
 uniting for-the vacant place. They misunderstand-the 
 purpose of-the experiment. He-can exercise an infinite 
 endurance when-an ardent interest has-been awakened. 
 Her husband is-the correspondent through whom I 
 learned of-the incident. She meant to read-the New 
 Testament through within-the year. She did-not sup- 
 pose-the attainment of her object was so near, but 
 looked rather for disappointment. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 I heard-the beautiful legend through-a correspondent 
 in Holland. It-is unquestioned that her husband is-a 
 refined and intelligent man. He-Tvill visit firms in Ma- 
 ryland, Rhode-Island and Vermont. They fear that- 
 his ailment may-be permanent. The appointment of 
 one aspirant to-the office of vice-president will bring 
 disappointment to-the-others. \Ve-shall withstand his 
 arrogant demand for-an assignment. They-ivere deter- 
 mined to supplement our work in getting out-the cor- 
 respondence on-the jirst installment. He uses every 
 expedient for-the attainment of-his object. It-was-a frag- 
 ment of-the last will and testament of-an officer of-our 
 regiment. He finds great enjoyment in trying such ex- 
 periments. I-understand that- the assailants were beaten 
 back bv-the remnant of-our troops. Are-they-not la- 
 menting-the enslavement of-the inhabitants? Dear- 
 friend. I-do-not pretend that my answer is relevant. It- 
 can-not but seem unkind to misunderstand my conduct 
 as flippant or petulant. You-will-find that-the cloaks 
 they sell are elegant garments. They-do-not repent of- 
 their negligent conduct and violent words. They-have- 
 not enjoined silence upon us. I-understand that you 
 beckoned to-him at-that instant. She-was-not to-be 
 influenced by-that inducement. In-his-judgment, this- 
 h as-been- a stagnant pool. My-dear-friend, I- fear I-have 
 burdened you about these discounts. The flowers were 
 all brilliant, but there-was-not-a fragrant one among 
 
204 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 them. They imagined that they-tvere-not seeking-the 
 emoluments of office. He-has bargained away his for- 
 tune (to a)-great-extent. Leland thought the book was 
 one which- was-not destined to-be influential. The 
 changing particles in-the kaleidoscope produce an in- 
 finite variety of beautiful forms. I-understand that Fre- 
 mont is insolvent, and that all payments will-be at-a 
 discount. She-was-not depending upon Noland, who, 
 though he-had talent and was competent, loved amuse- 
 ment and called work a torment. Are-they-not pre- 
 pared to-be obedient and to respond to-our demand for 
 settlement? I regained courage the moment Clement 
 made-the endorsement. They-have-not carried out the 
 Richmond agreement, and perhaps they-do-not intend 
 to-do-so. It-cannot help-the claimant, though Esmond 
 imagined it might. They-were explo ring-tine gravel 
 bank and collecting curious specimens. The quality 
 was-not better, nor even equally good. These prelim- 
 inary steps are necessary in-order to effect a cure. He- 
 was-not instructing me in parliamentary law. The 
 shorthand was correctly written and equaled the best. 
 ^Ay feelings were indescribable when I-saw-the fat/ure. 
 His doctrines were unscriptural, as-the audience at- 
 once perceived. 
 
 LESSON LXV 
 Double Length N-Hook Signs 
 
 162. When an n-hook sign is doubled in length, the 
 ter, der, or ther is sounded after the , thus: 
 
 founder. 
 
 painter pretender Flanders tinder 
 
 panther bystander inventor rejoznder 
 
 carpenter enchanter thunder Icelander(36) 
 
 plunder cownter asunder surrender 
 
 splinter decanter lender remainder 
 
 splendor calendar slender salamander 
 
 printer grantor cylinder tormentor 
 
FIXAI. HOOKS 2O- 
 
 163. N-hook signs may be doubled to add there or 
 their in phrases. 
 
 upon their has been there can there 
 
 been there down there 3 gone there 
 
 164. A double-length stroke may receive an n-hook, 
 in which case the n is sounded, of course, after the ter, 
 
 thus: 
 
 eastern. 
 
 furtherance leathern modern entrance 
 
 eastern Lutheran temperance hindrance(9o) 
 
 165. Oivn, one. and than in phrases, following words 
 represented by double-length signs, may be indicated by 
 the n-hook. This is the more important use of the 
 principle in paragraph 164. 
 
 another one further than harder than 
 
 no other one shorter than hotter than 
 
 some other one later than brighter than 
 
 greater than rather than colder than 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 by their own i the other one DHtrn 
 
 at their own 3 neither one i 
 
 for their own Ftrn any other one i 
 
 from their own Frtrn longer than NGkrn 
 
 in their own i Marylander Mr-Lntr 
 
206 
 
 (162) 
 
 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 Exercise 127. 
 
 \\ 
 
 -\\ \ \ . 
 
 1 
 
 v J 
 
 V ^ 
 
 (.164) 
 
 1 66. For phrases in which have necessarily occurs, its 
 sign may be omitted in writing. 
 
 we (have) been 
 
 we may (have) been 
 
 (wMPn i) 
 you may (have) been 
 he may (have) been 
 who may (have) been 
 we would (have) been 
 what would (have) been 
 
 you would (have) been 
 would you (have) been 
 would you (have) gone 
 would (have) been 
 we (have) been there 
 you (have) been there 
 must (have) been 
 he may (have) been there 
 
 (he-MPntr) 
 Exercise 128. 
 
 We-(have)-been to see his eastern friends. It-was 
 later- than ten o'clock, but rather-than carry so few let- 
 ters I waited for another-one. The Marylanders were 
 convicted upon-their testimony. You-may-(have)-been- 
 there too early to find him behind-the counter. Can- 
 their wish to go down-there be for-their-own sakes? I- 
 know you-will-do what-you-can to secure the-other-one 
 but both of-them may-(have)-been sold. From-their- 
 own point-(of)-view, neither-one would seem inferior 
 to-the Icelander. We-may-(have)-been expected to 
 make-the slender piece shorter-than the-other-one. He- 
 
FINAL HOOKS 2O/ 
 
 may-(have)-bcen unable to say what-would-(have)- 
 been-the cost of-the cylinder. He-woultl-(have)-been 
 unwilling to employ the carpenter longer-than a month. 
 There-was no hindrance to their earning- the money 
 by-their-own work. All were in-their-own rooms dur- 
 ing-the thunder storm. Would-you-(have)-been able- 
 to render any assistance to-the printer? Would-you- 
 (have)-gone-there if-you-had known that it-was further- 
 than they-said ? The bystanders would-(have)-been 
 ready to encounter any danger. There-(have)-been 
 few entrance tickets sold, and you-would-(have)-been 
 obliged to pay-the remainder of-the amount pledged. 
 Our regret at-the slander was greater-than you- knew. 
 This lesson is harder-than any-other-one \ve-have-had. 
 He-may-(have)-been-there with - the inventor at-the- 
 time. The painter has-been-there all-the morning. 
 When yoi.-(have)-been-there awhile you-will under- 
 stand this candor. Some-other-one may suit us as-well. 
 They- will use- the funds in-the furtherance of-the tem- 
 perance cause. Had-the panther been free, no-other- 
 one of-the animals \vould-(have)-been safe. 
 REVIEW. 
 
 The deed did-not contain-the names of-all-the grant- 
 ors. The man wore a leathern apron. What-would- 
 (have)-been-the aggregate cost? He-must-(have)-been 
 sent for as-a lender of money. He-should-not-(have)- 
 been willing to surrender so easily. He-has-been- here 
 since I-(have)-been away, but he-ivill-not remain-there 
 longer-than until June. The time I shall-(have)-been- 
 there should-(have)-been reckoned by-the calendar. 
 l-should-(have)-been glad to witness the splendor 
 of-his departure. This-has-been my understanding 
 since I-(have)-been-there, and you-must-(have)-been 
 in error. There-must-(have)-been an entrance exami- 
 nation. We-(have)-been pondering-the subject well. 
 The Pretender had many adherents in Scotland. The 
 
208 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 story was-a reminder of-the plundering army. They- 
 (have)-been studying modern history. We-(have)- 
 been told that many of-the people are Lutherans. You- 
 would-(have)-been of great help in-the furtherance 
 of-our plans. I took that car, for there-would-(have)- 
 been no-other-one later-than ten o'clock. Rather-than 
 overdraw my account, \'ivill-not stay longer-than a 
 week. Our correspondence is greater-than it-was last 
 year. It-has-been harder-than they thought to check 
 the epidemic. The time for initiating-the new clerk is 
 shorter-than I like. We-(have)-been-there investigat- 
 ing that piece of treachery. He -may -(have)- been 
 honest, but ivas-not as energetic as some-others. He- 
 would-(have)-been competent but he-would-not-(have)- 
 been strong enough. I-could-not-(have)-been in error; 
 if-there-has-been a mistake it-is-not mine. There-may- 
 (have)-been one empty decanter. You-may-(have)- 
 been expecting too-much gratitude. Is-he-not hoping 
 for-an indulgence which he-will-not receive ? His 
 thanks were unexpressed, but every-one knows him to- 
 {have)-been grateful. My delight was inexpressible 
 when Franklin won on-the Republican ticket. There- 
 wz'//-be some-one to instruct him during-\\\s childhood 
 in-the doctrines and principles of-the Christian relig- 
 ion. His face was entirely unexpressive during-the 
 whole examination. No-one \v\\\-be-able-to furnish a 
 parallel instance, nor-ivill any-one explain this one 
 better-than Washington. If-I happen to-be in town I- 
 will examine the furniture whether I buy or-not. 
 Ought-not some-one to see-the principal teacher at~ 
 once, while the circumstances are fresh in mind? They 
 began to relate their experiences, but ive-ivere-not inter- 
 ested. I-do-not suppose he-will comprehend this move- 
 ment, and \-dare-not explain it further-than has-been 
 done. Did-not these circumstances surprise the woman, 
 and -were-you-not yourselves surprised ? The report of- 
 the superintendent is-at-hand, awaiting your accept- 
 ance. George can-not leave to-day, and they-are-not 
 ready. They-Tvere-not spoken to until three minutes 
 before-the meeting adjourned. 
 
FINAL HOOKS 
 
 2O9 
 
 LESSON LXVI 
 
 N-Hook Signs Followed by Other Strokes 
 
 (See 127.) 
 Exercise 129. 
 
 ! 
 
 depencl-ent 
 
 spont-aneous 
 
 conven-ient 
 
 (128) 
 
 ind-ependent 
 
 attend-ance 
 
 invent-ory 
 
 main-ly 
 
 benefit 
 
 tend-ency 
 
 dimin-ish 
 
 man-ly 
 
 Bennett 
 
 gen-uine 
 
 demean-or 
 
 kind-ly 
 
 Benton 
 
 quant-ity 
 
 min-ers 
 
 econ-orrr 
 
 aband-on 
 
 curren-cy 
 
 lannd-ry 
 
 pant-ry 
 
 abund-ance 
 
 authent-ic 
 
 Leonard 
 
 count-ry 
 
 167. Where the combination ns occurs in the middle 
 of a word, the n-hook is or is not shown, according to 
 convenience in forming the outline. For example, the 
 hook is shown in lonesome; but in pencil, while the iss 
 is on the n-side, the combination is exactly like Ps-L. 
 
 TAYLOR 14. 
 
210 
 
 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 N-hook not shown : 
 
 pencil translate burdensome paganism 
 
 princely transfer council ant-agonism 
 
 transact Protestantism counsel Spencer 
 
 transmit densely mechanism cancel 
 
 N-hook shown : 
 
 compensate lonesome ransack landscape 
 
 density ransom immensity landsman 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 painful-ly 
 
 Pn-F 
 
 questioner 
 
 Kn 2-R 
 
 perpendicular-ly 
 
 Pr-Pn-D 
 
 organic 
 
 Gn-K I 
 
 plentiful-ly 
 
 Plnt-F 
 
 organism 
 
 Gs-M i 
 
 Benjamin 
 
 Bn-J 
 
 beginner 
 
 Gn-R 
 
 bountiful-ly 
 
 Bnt-F 
 
 Greenfield 
 
 Gra-Ft 
 
 republicanism 
 
 R-P-B-sM 
 
 countryman 
 
 Knt-Rn 
 
 transgress 
 
 Trs-Gs 
 
 countrymen 
 
 Knt-Ren 
 
 Danville 
 
 Dn-V 
 
 financial 
 
 Fn-N 
 
 downright 
 
 Dn-RIt 3 
 
 phenomenon 
 
 Fn-M 
 
 downward 
 
 Dn-Rd 3 
 
 phenomena 
 
 Fn-M-N 
 
 delinquency 
 
 Dln-S i 
 
 eventful 
 
 Vnt-F 
 
 Connecticut 
 
 Knt-Kt 
 
 southerner 
 
 sDHn-R 3 
 
 economical-ly 
 
 Kn-M 
 
 manhood 
 
 Mn-D3 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 Note. You, after Dnt, in a phrase, must be represented by 
 yeh instead of yuh. (See 81.) 
 
 didn't you 
 
 don't you 
 
 hadn't you . . 
 
 I understand you . At 
 
 I understand you (to) say 
 again (and) again 
 on account of 
 
 (on downward) 
 
FINAL HOOKS 211 
 
 Exercise fjo. 
 
 It-can-not-be that you-do-not-know this-is-a specimen 
 from-the organic world. He-can-not-be turned aside 
 though all the-others should abandon the cause. I- 
 do-not-think any-one could furnish or transmit more 
 authentic reports. Mr. Bennett thinks it-a convenience 
 to-have this independent mechanism to exhibit-the phe- 
 nomenon. Benjamin thought some-one must-(have)- 
 been ransacking-the tool chest, but he-may-not-(have)- 
 been right. She-has-been economical, but her finances 
 have-been burdensome to her. You-do-not-think you- 
 can leave Danville for Greenfield at-that-time? Benton 
 had-not-been compensated by his countrymen for-his 
 financial assistance to them. I-had-not-been in Con- 
 necticut for-a year. You-may-not-(have)-been seen on- 
 account-of the density of-the fog. Didn't-you-know 
 that he-had-not-been present at-all, and didn't-you- 
 understand that-that meant dismissal from-the council? 
 I-understand-you-(to)-say that you-think-the quantity 
 of currency too small. I-have-said again-(and)-again 
 that 1-can-be ready by Monday, but-the papers trans- 
 ferring-the property will-not-be prepared. This delin- 
 quency i:;-that of-a beginner in the downward course of 
 transgressing-the law. In-his early manhood he-had no 
 eventful years. The whole organism was affected by- 
 the painful disease. The questioner thought the witness 
 antagonistic to his countryman and brought out plenti- 
 ful evidence of-the fact. I-am interested in-such phe- 
 nomena. The wall 5s-not quite perpendicular. It-was- 
 an act of downright perverseness. This journal is-the 
 organ of Republicanism. The southerner thinks our 
 harvest a bountiful one. 
 
212 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 The southei'ner's story of-the delinquency is-a down- 
 right denial of-the lieutenant's. I-did-not-kno\\ that 
 \\e-had-been appointed and so I-did-not-understand 
 this to-be our duty, ^fou-may-not-be-able-to transact the 
 business for I-do-not-see. how you-can leave Scranton 
 in-time. Tell each questioner that we-</e>-7z0/-know-the 
 exact date, but that it-can-not-(have)-been later-than- 
 the I5th. The mechanic's delay was mainly on-account- 
 of Benjamin's neglect. Though-the doors are densely 
 crowded with applicants, there-is little hope thrt-the 
 vacancy can-be filled satisfactorily. Didn't-vott-sny- 
 the principal counsel was antagonistic to-our financial 
 interests? Clinton may-not-(have)-been-there, though 
 I-do-not-understand u'/ty. \Ve-can-not-see how we- 
 can-be blamed, for we-did-not-Vinov! where to find a 
 skilled attendant and searched vainly for one. ( \>ti- 
 sidering-\\\e state of-the organism, I-raw-;?o/-be-sure 
 of-the potency of-the remedy in-this-case. This Con- 
 necticut mechanic can-do finer work. You-think I- 
 do-not-know your politics, don't you? Don't-vou-knov; 
 your Republicanism is well vouched for? I-would- 
 (have)-been satisfied if-I-could-(have)-been permitted 
 to remain in-this-country of bountiful harvests. His 
 friends dfo-<?/- think he-has any inventive genius. It-is- 
 not-a business which-can-be maintained, even economic- 
 allv, with scanty funds. Do-you-mean-(to)-say you-can- 
 see them </<?tc'-town to-day? I-can-not-say \\hether-the 
 offer was spontaneous or-not. Can-there-be nothing 
 done against so gigantic a monopoly? \-ivill-not-^\\ 
 what-can-be-done, for I-do-not-know-anything-about-it. 
 The old man looked back fondly on-the days of-his 
 \onng manhood. You-can-not-be with Jonathan in 
 Trenton to witness-the phenomenon. We-can-be tak- 
 ing-the inventory in Danville bv Monday. We-do-not- 
 know how expenses can-be lessened without painfully di- 
 minishing our comforts. Didn't-you borrow mv book, 
 and didn't-you-have-it in Greenfield? You -have-not- 
 been shown the pencil drawing? The lines are perpen- 
 dicular to each-other. He-can-be relied on to furnish 
 
FINAL HOOKS 
 
 213 
 
 plentiful employment, though he-may-not-be-able-to 
 meet your princely demands. You-can-see that Stanton 
 is but-a beginner in-the making of trenches, \-mav-not- 
 be attentive enough to organic phenomena. We-met 
 some of-o2tr countrymen in London on that eventful 
 day. They-have transgressed the command again- 
 (and)-agairi. I-understand-you-(to)-say that you began 
 the return downward before the-others. It-was incon- 
 siderate, but we-u>ere-not surprised. 
 
 LESSON LXVII 
 N-Hook Signs Followed by Other Strokes Continued 
 
 1 68. When L or SH follows an outline ending with 
 a hook, the upward or the downward stroke should be 
 used, according to convenience. 
 
 169. The syllable ist or est after a final hook is usually 
 written St. It may be made upward when more con- 
 venient. 
 
FINAL HOOKS 
 
 
 (See 168.) 
 
 
 rental 
 
 mental constantly 
 
 obediently 
 
 Randall 
 
 lintel consistently 
 
 urgently 
 
 fSudle 
 
 plainly persistently 
 
 friendly 
 
 kindle 
 
 instantly suddenly 
 
 friendless 
 
 punish 
 
 finish unfinished 
 
 vanish 
 
 tarnish 
 
 finished fiendish 
 
 enunciate 
 
 
 (See 169.) 
 
 
 plainest 
 
 grandest faintest 
 
 meanest 
 
 keenest 
 
 thinnest violinist 
 
 earnest 
 
 greenest 
 
 finest serenest 
 
 anoznteSt 
 
 ABBREVIATION" AND POSITION. 
 
 punishment Pn-SH intelligently Xt-Jnt-L 
 
 accidental-ly sDnt-L 3 meanwhile Mn-L i 
 
 gentlemanly Jnt-L 
 
 PHRASING. 
 any one else every one else no one else 
 
 Exercise 132. 
 
 He fancies that-the grass about-his old home is-the 
 greenest in-the world. You-understand that Stanley 
 was in earnest when he-said he-was to-be apprenticed 
 in Connecticut. He transgresses your orders in persist- 
 ently refusing to show his rental list. To-the westward 
 are the grandest mountain regions in-this-country. Did- 
 you-understand that-the delay was mainly on-account of 
 Standish's being taken suddenly ill? I-do-not-see how 
 this punishment can-be brought upon one who obediently 
 submits. In bondage and banished to- a strange country, 
 he lived friendless and alone. Can-there-(have)-been-a 
 princely stranger disguised in-those meanest of gar- 
 ments? He-was admonished not to exercise his mental 
 powers too constantly. We-did-not-see how we-could 
 
FINAL HOOKS 215 
 
 consistently grant such-a request, and no-one-else would. 
 I-can-be-there on Monday with Ernest, but you-must 
 banish all hope of receiving-a full account of-the acci- 
 dent from-his random statements. The fall was acci- 
 dental ; I-did-not-see that-the machine was in-an unfin- 
 ished state, and I-do-not-think any-one-else knew it. He 
 displayed his eloquence in explaining-the causes of-the 
 panic. It-will-be some days before the adjournment, and 
 meanwhile the time must-not-be left unimproved by- us, 
 though every-one-else should-be idle. The machines 
 are identical in principle, but mine has-the minimum 
 weight. The messenger vanished before he-had intelli- 
 gently delivered his message. His manners are gentle- 
 manly and his words are gentle. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 This morning they kindly bestowed upon us their 
 friendly counsel. The criminal said his punishment 
 was unjust, for he-had-been betrayed by-an unfriendly 
 -world. The loss was inconsiderable, for-the fire did- 
 not injure anv of-the furniture. The doctrines of-his 
 religion vvhich-~ucere spoken of by-the General, are said 
 to-(Jiave~)-becn unscriptural and contrary to-the teach- 
 ings of-his denomination. I-was constantly reminded 
 of my -own inaptitude and began like every-one-else to 
 lose my sanguine hopes of success. The wagon road 
 was parallel with-the railroad-track to within-^ mile of- 
 the southern terminus of-the former \ I happen to know 
 that-the junior speaker was more-than pleased with-the 
 appearance of-the audience. This explains your-own 
 quick compliance with-the demands of-the captain. 
 Hamilton saw the expediency of quickening our pace 
 as-the afternoon drew on and-the western horizon was 
 beginning to darken. Has-thcre-been any extensive 
 improvement or substantial increase in-their-own busi- 
 ness in-the southeastern states? Dear-friend, it-would- 
 be infinitely better to adopt a more economical financial 
 method on-account-of this painful circumstance. My- 
 
2l6 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 own remembrance is that-he acted in-a more gentle- 
 manly manner than any-one-else and consistently with- 
 his principles. Franklin ought-not to generalize so 
 much as-to lengthen his speech beyond endurance, and 
 no-one-else would submit to-it. At-t heir-own request 
 the vice-president has-gone-there to examine into this 
 appointment. It-had-not occurred to-the captain that I- 
 might accidentally meet the Spaniard after-the adjoitrn- 
 ment of-the tinion meeting. Tou-ivould-not find the 
 work easier-than you expected; (on-the)-other-hand, it- 
 would-be harder-than ever, being badly organized. He 
 placed the subject before us intelligently, as-has-been- 
 said, and in-a deeply earnest and energetic manner. I- 
 understand-you-(to)-say that there-TVill-be an organic 
 union formed between-the two societies within-a short- 
 time. A hamper of-the plainest food constituted the 
 dinner of-the hungry man. The balance due was less, 
 according to my remembrance, than-the amount shown 
 by-our-own books. The three gentlemen happened to- 
 be-there, and the superintendent cxplaincd-ti\& accident 
 to-them. Is-he-not using-an appliance which-is unsuited 
 to any but-an experienced hand ? He-ivill-not see-the 
 consequence of-our-o-jon failure anv-more-than they--vill, 
 unless an explanation is given, fou-ivcre-not expecting 
 them to furnish the goods at-a price lower-than mine, 
 zuere-you ? He-has begun to attain a taste for-the finest 
 literature of-our-own country. We-mean that we-must 
 wait for-the return of Benton, and meanwhile we-can 
 visit-the floral display. The sentences enunciated so 
 blandly by-the speaker were instantly caught up by-the 
 mob. The housekeeper may-(Jiave)-been inexperienced 
 or negligent, and may-not-ha\e understood what-the 
 consequence would-be. Werc-yoti-not intending to 
 visit-the parliament house in-the forenoon ? As-has- 
 been-said, he-is-a man of principle, as all-the "workmen 
 know. //<?.$- zY-been impossible to attain your object 
 alone ? If \o\\-had -not -\teen acquainted with-the char- 
 acteristics of Oriental literature, you--would-not-(\\a.ve')- 
 been able-to understand the book. They-are sanguine 
 jn-their hope that deliverance will come at-lcngth. 
 
FINAL HOOKS 217 
 
 They-have begun to see-the consequences of-the acci- 
 dent earlier-than was expected. You-may-(/iave~)-l>ee/i- 
 tliere when neitlier-one of-them was in. He-was negli- 
 gent not to-have finished his work, and we remonstrated 
 with him on-account-of-his negligence. 
 
 LESSON LXVIII 
 F-Hook 
 
 170. For f or v (alone or followed by other conso- 
 nants) at the end of a syllable containing a straight 
 stroke consonant, a small final hook is turned on the 
 circle side of the stroke. This hook is not placed on 
 curves. 
 
 \ X I I / / _ _ 
 
 Pf Bf Tf Df CHf Jf Kf Gf Rf 
 
 171. When iss follows an f-hook sign, it is written 
 within the hook to distinguish it from a simple sign with 
 
 zss: ^a puffs. 
 
 Exercise 
 
 r 
 
 
 T 
 f> L 
 
3lS 
 
 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 proof brave motive 
 
 deprave contrive deaf 
 
 reprieve strive drive 
 
 above positive Rudolf 
 
 achieve relief 
 
 mischief observe 
 
 grave deserve 
 
 Ralph preserve 
 
 paved tuft 
 
 deprived dived 
 
 (See 1 60.) 
 
 craft 
 gift 
 
 grieved 
 engraved 
 
 deserved 
 hived 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 set off sTf i 
 
 set forth sTf 2 
 
 differ-ent-ce Df 
 
 differences Dfs 
 
 indifferent- ce X-Df 
 
 advance Df 3 
 
 Philadelphia Fl-Df 
 
 derive Drf i 
 
 juvenile Jf 3 
 
 . call forth Klf i 
 
 called forth Klf i 
 
 government Gf 
 
 arrive-al Rf 
 
 hereafter Rft 
 
 172. The affixes full, fully, and ever are frequently 
 represented by the f-hook. 
 
 poverty 
 
 Pf i 
 
 professor 
 
 Prf 
 
 perfect-ly 
 
 Prf 
 
 imperfect-ly 
 
 M-Prf 
 
 approve-al 
 
 Prf 3 
 
 disapprove-al 
 
 Ds-Prf 
 
 private 
 
 Prft i 
 
 profit 
 
 Prft i 
 
 provide 
 
 Prft i 
 
 believe 
 
 Blf 
 
 belief 
 
 Blf 
 
 believed 
 
 Blft 
 
 beloved 
 
 Blft 
 
 extravagant-ce 
 
 sTrf 3 
 
 positively 
 
 Ps-Tf 
 
 hopeful-ly 
 
 watchful-ly 
 
 powerful-ly 3 
 
 beautiful-ly Bft 3 
 
 cheerful-ly 
 
 whichever 
 
 truthful-ly Trf 3 
 
 careful-ly 
 
 whoever 
 
 awful doid-f I 
 
 skillful-ly i 
 
 
 doubtful-ly Dft 3 
 
 neglectful 
 
 
FIXAI. HOOKS 219 
 
 173. The \voi\ls hcrce and of may be represented by 
 the f-hook joined to a straight stroke, 
 speak of i instead of ought (to) have 
 
 spoke of in spite of who have 
 
 part of hope of 3 he will have 
 
 city of hope (to) have 3 03) 
 
 state of it will have above their 
 
 out of 3 which have believe their 
 
 whereof which will have out of their 3 
 
 aware of 3 we are (to) have i * gave their 
 
 all of to have arrive there 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 (toid) I believe, I approve, I gave, 
 (roid) I speak of (i), I spoke of, I hope (to) have; 
 in spite of their (N-sPftr). 
 
 Exercise 134. 
 
 He-is hopeful that by careful and skillful contriving 
 he-will-have part-of his property left and so avoid pov- 
 erty. I-believe we-are-(to)-have his powerful influence 
 in securing-the reprieve I-spoke-of. Adolph is-a beau- 
 tiful child and is always cheerful. Ralph and Rudolph 
 have-not done perfect work, but I-believe-their efforts 
 will soon achieve something which-will call-forth posi- 
 tive praise. I-speak-of some juvenile works which-have 
 proved very popular. Mr. Huff set-off at-once and 
 strove to reach-the city-of Philadelphia in time. I- am 
 to-have the two doves instead-of one as-a gift for my 
 beloved little niece. He disapproves of-the step, ob- 
 serving that it-will-have positively nothing to-do with- 
 the grave differences on-the question of relief. In-spite- 
 of-the imperfect finish, it-is-a work which deserves and 
 which-will-have-the approval of-the professor. They- 
 believe that it-is perfectly safe to set-forth, and they 
 
22O FINAL HOOKS 
 
 hope-(to)-have-a pleasant drive. Private soldiers who- 
 have-been watchful and braved dangers deserve praise 
 whether they-have achieved success or-not. I-believed 
 that out-of-their abundance they-would advance suffi- 
 cient for our needs. They gave-their help to-the gov- 
 ernment with differing motives. It-is my belief that-the 
 charge is extravagant, whoever may derive profit from 
 it. I-have advanced money which-will-have-(to)-be re- 
 paid before-the arrival of Rudolph. I-am aware-of the 
 danger to one in-his state-of health. I-know whereof 
 I-speak. After-such indifferent and neglectful con- 
 duct, involving such awful consequences, it-is doubtful 
 whether they ought-(to)-have our confidence again. 
 Whichever course you-may hereafter choose, provide 
 against possible mischief. Not believing him truthful, 
 since he-gave no proof, I-gave the appearances a differ- 
 ent explanation. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 I-believe he-is striving to-be above others. You-u>z7/- 
 not-\>z deprived of-the opportunity to achieve something 
 hereafter if-you prove to-be in earnest. The new 
 professor who-has just arrived is-a native of-the state-of 
 Washington. He-has carved the piece carefully and 
 thinks it beautiful, and he-is hopeful that you-\vill 
 approve. I-can truthfully say it-was well contrived and 
 skillfully performed. They rave about things which- 
 have positively' nothing to-do with-their chief interests. 
 He-will-have-a part-of the bees hived before David 
 arrives. We set-forth in-our private carriage and ad- 
 vanced as-far-as the city-of Philadelphia before seven. 
 It-is my belief that we ought-(to)-have these books on- 
 a different shelf in-spite-of-their small number. Pre- 
 serve the papers from which you derive your kno-jchdge 
 but let no-one-else see them. They gave us a drive to- 
 the caves instead-of to-the grove. I-shall prove that 
 this-is-no depraving influence. The deaf man icas-not 
 
FINAL HOOKS 221 
 
 aware-of our approach. They hope-(to)-have some 
 profit out-of-the new railroad. It-will-have-a sharp 
 curve at-the foot of-the bluff. The cliff I-spoke-of was- 
 a menace right above-their heads. Those who scoff 
 c?0-<?/-know whereof they speak. The juvenile party 
 cheerfully set-off, hoping to arrive-there by noon. They 
 speak-of our poverty as-if they believed it caused by 
 extravagance. Their differences grew out-of-their hope 
 for government employment. Your neglectful conduct 
 will call-forth the disapproval of beloved friends. 
 Whichever course you take, the result is doubtful. 
 Whoever is indifferent to-his studies will-have imper- 
 fect lessons. They-were powerfully affected by-the 
 professor's report of-the awful mischief. The em- 
 broiderv on-the scarf was perfect. The cities differ in- 
 their methods of furnishing relief. We-are-(to)-have 
 no opportunity to provide anything for-the journey. 
 They-are matters which-will-have our care at-once. 
 The spindle of-the axle was broken through negligence. 
 The ring was engraved by Ralph who-is skillful in-the 
 craft. This proves that-the lecture was above-their 
 understanding. By driving to-the city we-can arrive- 
 there in-time for-a brief conference. There-is little 
 difference between-the professor's opinion and mine 
 on-the chief points. The price you-have named for-the 
 gloves is higher instead-of lower-than you-gave us at- 
 first. 
 
222 
 
 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 LESSON LXIX 
 
 F-Hoofc Signs Followed by Other Strokes 
 
 174. jF 1 or v in the middle of words is frequently pro- 
 nounced with the syllable before that to which it natur- 
 ally belongs, in order that it may be represented by the 
 
 hook, thus: 
 
 Davis. 
 
 Exercise 135. 
 
 r *y\^r J/ LJ^ x "~^ 
 
 V \ jS 
 
 \/iv 
 
 J_^tt. 
 
 ^ .: ) . 
 
 
 )" y 
 
 
 
 prov-oke 
 
 brief-est 
 
 dev-ice 
 
 chief-ly 
 
 proph-ecy 
 
 brav-ery 
 
 adv-ice 
 
 riv-er 
 
 prev-ious 
 
 contriv-ance 
 
 adv-ise 
 
 recov-er 
 
 prev-ent 
 
 striv-en 
 
 def-cnd 
 
 discov-ery 
 
 prov-inces 
 
 def-eat 
 
 ilef-inite 
 
 gov-ern 
 
 Provid-ence 
 
 dcv-iate 
 
 def-ense 
 
 G rover 
 
 pref-er 
 
 Dav-id 
 
 def-ensive 
 
 (128) 
 
 pref-erence 
 
 adv-ocate 
 
 def-ender 
 
 grievance 
 
 Beav-er 
 
 Dav-is 
 
 adv-enture 
 
 grav-ity 
 
 Buff-alo 
 
 def-er 
 
 teleph-one 
 
 brevity 
 
FINAL HOOKS 223 
 
 Ed-tick: gifted provided drafted tufted 
 
 (See 169) gravest roughest toughest briefest 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 previously Prf-S devolve Df-V 
 
 privilege Pi'f-J divulge Df-J 
 
 proficient-cy Prf-SH deficient-cy Df-SH 
 
 superficial sPrf-SH straightforward sTrf-Rt 
 
 profitable Prft-B i Jefferson Jf-sN 
 
 behavior Bf-R California Klf-R 
 
 development Df-P governor Gf-R 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 at all events (Tlf-Nts) which have not 
 
 ought (to) have had which have been 
 
 ought (to) have been which have had 
 
 or which will have had 
 
 ought (to have) been who have been 
 
 such have been who have had 
 
 State of Indiana who have not been 
 
 it will have had I prefer (toid) 
 he will have been 
 
 Exercise ij6. 
 
 I-shall endeavor to prevent any bad behavior on- 
 the part-of Jefferson. Such-have-been-the proofs of 
 General Grover's bravery in defense of-the town that 
 we-know he deserves his reward. In-spite-of these 
 deficiencies, Davis will develop the California business 
 into-a profitable one. This duty devolves upon- the 
 governor. David ought-(to)-have-had-an answer at-all- 
 events before leaving Buffalo. We-shall recover all- 
 of our privileges, for there-was-a definite agreement. 
 He-had striven to defend himself against the provoking 
 attacks of -his rival. I prefer to-have-the books covered 
 
224 FIXAL HOOKS 
 
 with cloth. Beaver is-a resident of-the city-of-Indian- 
 apolis, State-of-Indiana. Preference will-be given to- 
 the pupils who-have-not-been absent. These are prov- 
 inces which-have-had-a large traffic with passing cara- 
 vans. I-fear your prophecy as-to-the year's sales is one 
 which-will-have-had no fulfillment at-the end of-the 
 time. I-will-not deviate from-the course you advise, 
 for I-know your proficiency in-this line of work. The 
 letter gives the briefest outline of-the work in-the city- 
 of Providence. The development of-my plan had-been 
 previously much hindered. They ought-(to)-have-been 
 able-to secure a better advocate of-their cause. He fills 
 his coffers by-a skillful use of-his superficial knowledge. 
 The gravity of-the society's defeat is equaled only by- 
 the brevity of-the record. It-will-have-had no recovery 
 of-its influence when-the year is ended. The straight- 
 forward child divulged to-us all-the facts. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 It devolves upon us to discover #//-0/~-the causes of- 
 the deficiencv. He described the conference with-the 
 governor briefly,- but in-a graphic manner. Jefferson 
 gravely says he expects to-have some wonderful ad- 
 ventures.. They -TV ill divide-the cost of the pavement 
 equally among them. Mr. Beaver's brief note does-not 
 define the defects which-have-not yet been overcome, 
 and we-must consult him by telephone. He spends his 
 time chiefly in devising schemes for deferring his work. 
 His grievances are many and diverse. Thev-arc people 
 who-have-been-through such experiences and who-have- 
 had disappointments. He-has suffered grievous defeats 
 in business on-account-of-his superficial work. He-has- 
 a little proficiencv in divers callings. These privileges 
 are the reward of good behavior. The ships were driven 
 by adverse winds upon diverging wavs. The develop- 
 ment of-the business in California dnring-\\\e year has- 
 been phenomenal. Previously it-had-not-becn at-all 
 
FIXAL HOOKS 225 
 
 profitable. The city-of-Indianapolis is-the capital of- 
 the state-of -Indian a. He-will-have-been pacified, for- 
 his care-takers are persons who-have-been trained. He- 
 will-have-had no opportunity to refer to matters which- 
 have-not-been settled. They-are people who-have-not- 
 been unvjatchfitl, and if-any error was committed it-will- 
 have-been corrected in-time. At-all-events, any mis- 
 takes which-will-have-been unobserved can-be proved 
 not-the result of indifference. The house ought-(to)- 
 have-been renovated completely. The vigorous work 
 of-the preachers and of-the devout people ought- 
 (to)-have-had-a civilizing effect. The skiff was at-first 
 drifting very near to-us, but was afterward skillfully 
 steered off in-a different course. His beliefs were un- 
 scriptural, as all Christians could discover. The cost 
 of-the lot is inconsiderable, nor-will-fae house be ex- 
 pensive. The general will make-a movement down- 
 the river, but he-vjill-not divulge to-us all-of his plans. 
 I-believe-their state-of poverty is due to neglectful busi- 
 ness methods, and extravagance on-the part-of each- 
 of them. L. M. Franklin, Jr., will organize a society 
 m-your-own to-jon of Washington. Tou--were-not asked 
 for more-than an outline of-the story. No-other-one 
 can -vitJistand his straightforward persistence. What- 
 would-not any of-us do to induce Hamilton 's accept- 
 ance of-the appointment? From-their-cnvn point-(of)- 
 view the expedient is unwise. Dear-friend, upon-their 
 entering into correspondence with-his father, Jefferson 
 determined to make-the assignment. >y-their-o-wn ef- 
 forts, though beginners, they again-(and)-again threat- 
 ened to advance beyond him. Such-have-been the 
 matters which-have-had our care and thought. 
 
 TAYLOR -15. 
 
226 
 
 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 LESSON LXX 
 Use of Strokes for N, F, and V 
 
 (See 
 
 96. Use needed vowels.) 
 
 pen, penny 
 
 unchained, ingenuity 
 
 zone, Zion 
 
 paved, pivot 
 
 John, Joan 
 
 shine, shiny 
 
 pine, piano 
 
 Jane, Jennie 
 
 Allen, Illinois 
 
 tin, tiny 
 
 Kane, Kenney 
 
 lent, linnet 
 
 turn, attorney 
 
 Kent, Canute 
 
 meant, moneyed 
 
 Dan, deny 
 
 cough, coffee 
 
 none, Nannie 
 
 deaf, defy 
 
 gain, guinea 
 
 noons, annoyance 
 
 cleft, defied 
 
 gift, covet 
 
 run, ruin 
 
 delve, Delphi 
 
 fun, funny 
 
 raft, rivet 
 
 chain, china 
 
 vain, Vienna 
 
 hewn, honey 
 
 chant, Janet 
 
 Nathan, Anthony 
 
 lines, allowance 
 
 chief, Java 
 
 assign, assignee 
 
 meant, mi-nute 
 
 
 Exercise /J/. 
 
 
 (X* ^^ 
 
 ) - -/^f - 
 
 ^ > ' Y" ^ 
 
 
 
 = A 
 
 I ' V ' 
 
 ' ^ 1 /'""" X^'^'x 
 
 ^i-:\ ^ 
 
 T" 
 
 = 
 
 = 
 
 *"\.\. 
 
 ^ ' C^ S / x /. 
 
 /\^ ) ^f \^ v 
 
 7 ^ 
 
 <* 
 
 
 I I/ s- 
 
 -^^- X Q Jl -rS ^ 
 
 7 '^ J> ~N / ^ v 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 
 
 ._,.%>. 
 
 
 /" ^> <;,>-, 
 
 - 
 
 
 ^ ., ^ -! 
 
 \ ^^\,- 
 
 r xv^i. s 
 (r? s ^i I " ^ 
 
 1 
 
 1 _ *T 
 
 
FINAL HOOKS 227 
 
 Exercise 138. 
 
 Johnnie says he-did-not pay more-than a penny for- 
 the pen. Nathan and Anthony do-not deny Dan any- 
 thing. Jennie had-not seen her Aunt Jane Allen in 
 Illinois. I-did-not-think-the boy would gain a guinea 
 in-the deal. I-cannot-say that no-one came excepting 
 Nannie. We-did-not defy the deaf man, and are-not 
 wishing to-do-so. We-had-not expected the piano to 
 come in-a pine box. He defied Mr. Kenny and by-a 
 deft movement avoided his cane. We-cannot avoid-the 
 annoyance of spending our noons down-town. Were- 
 not the boys long coveting-the gift? It-will-not-be long 
 before-the linnet will lend its voice to-the cheerful 
 chorus. I-dare-not hope to turn to my account matters 
 which-the attorney cannot manage. Was-not-the sign 
 turning on-a pivot at-the top of-the post in-the paved 
 street? He-had-not expected to find the way to-the 
 throne so thorny a path. He-cannot hope to escape all 
 griefs and grievous troubles. This proves that they- 
 will-not preface the report with any-more-than this 
 remark. Marianna is reading-the account of-a marine 
 battle. These men are serfs who-have-been released 
 from service. Grant does-not know whether he-will- 
 have a new cornet or-not. The Dean will send Edna 
 to school in-the city-of-New-York ihstead-of Philadel- 
 phia. Flynn is powerful enough to punish this villainy. 
 She meant that-the details were too minute. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 They look hopefully for- a letter soon from John, who 
 set-off for southern China several months ago. \-believe 
 Dr. Kane wi-11 profit bv-the extravagance of-the go-ccni- 
 incnt more-than Mr. Kenny will. These delinquents 
 are apt to call things fun ivhich-are-not at-a.ll funny for 
 those ivho-arc-not behind-\\\e scenes. If we-had-not 
 
228 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 hewn down-ihe tree we-would-not have found the honey. 
 ffas-it-been expedient to give to-the vice-president this 
 morning any intelligence of-the assignment of-these 
 northern claims? The gentleman had-not explained 
 to-the child that-the chief product of-the island was 
 Java coffee. Before adjourning, the Republican com- 
 mittee adopted our-oivn paper as-the principal organ 
 of-the partv in-the southeastern states. What-wonld- 
 )iot John and Joan give to-have this intelligence before 
 leaving for-the western states ? ffas-therc-been no less 
 a sum than $10,000 of-the countv bonds of-this denomi- 
 nation sold to-night to their-own members? The gen- 
 tleman tried in vain to reach Vienna earlier-than any- 
 other-one of-his party. We-mean that-the women ought- 
 not to excuse delinquents who-have-beev\ guilty of-such 
 negligence. The allowance of ten lines may-(Jiave}- 
 been insufficient, for-the paper to-be inserted was longcr- 
 than ive-meant it to-be at-first. Being experienced, this 
 woman did the work better-than the-other-one. Some 
 ladies-(and)-gentleinen stopped with Janet after-the 
 adjournment to hear the chanting of-the choir. They- 
 may-(have)-been women who-were-not willing to form 
 an unquestioning judgment on appearances only. Had- 
 it-not-been her-otvn nephew who-w 7 as-the applicant, 
 would-ivc-not have found it easier-than we-did to refuse 
 him? They-may-(have)-been so inexperienced in life 
 as-to seek their-own deliverance from-a momentary 
 trouble by-the indulgence 'at-the expense of others of 
 whatever thought happened to-be at-hand at-the minute. 
 Is-he-not using rivets which-are largcr-tlian necessary 
 in making-the rafts? Had-it-not seemed for our-own 
 good, and to-be attained by -our-own efforts, no-one 
 would-(have)-been willing to give approval to-the ex- 
 travagant proposal of Benjamin. Aclolph will set-off 
 to-night to Delphi to visit-the miners who-are-not or- 
 ganized and who-will-not submit their differences to-the 
 judgment of-their-own countrymen. Our labor is by- 
 our-own hands, of-our-o~uon will, and to-our-own advan- 
 tage. No appliance other-than this happens to-be at- 
 hand. My-dear-friend, my experience is that those 
 who-will-not comprehend, but who-are determined to 
 
FIXAL, HOOKS 229 
 
 misunderstand or withstand just and intelligent de- 
 mands,- meet frequent disappointments. I-was straight- 
 forward enough to divulge to-his parents my reasons 
 for compliance with-his request. I-did-not see, and do- 
 not yet see how-the creature could-have sufficient inge- 
 nuity 'to get zV,ye//"unchained. 
 
 LESSON LXXI 
 
 Shon-Hook 
 
 175. A large final hook on the circle side of any 
 stroke represents the syllable tion, sion, tian, etc. The 
 shon-hook is indicated by shn. 
 
 \0 I , ^ ,) 
 
 Pshn Tshn CHshn Kshn Fshn Sshn 
 
 Lshn Mshn Nshn Rshn Rshn Ilshn 
 
 176. A shon-hook sign may be made half-length or 
 double-length : Xj patient. 
 
 177. The small circle for iss is written inside a large 
 final hook, thus: '^ occasions. 
 
 Exercise 139. 
 
 sA 
 
FINAL HOOKS 
 
 option 
 
 location 
 
 emotion 
 
 operation 
 
 vacation 
 
 nation 
 
 completion 
 
 allegation 
 
 notion 
 
 separation 
 
 prot-ection 
 
 (i?^) 
 
 inspiration 
 
 discussion 
 
 patient 
 
 preparation 
 
 execution 
 
 conditioned 
 
 depression 
 
 selection 
 
 fashioned 
 
 station 
 
 comm-unication 
 
 alter-ation 
 
 importation 
 
 session (Sshn) 
 
 concentr-ation 
 
 consultation 
 
 solution 
 
 O77) 
 
 imitation 
 
 consolation 
 
 sections 
 
 presentation 
 
 assertion 
 
 omissions 
 
 occasion 
 
 rel-ation 
 
 visions 
 
 education 
 
 motion 
 
 selections 
 
 ABBREVIATION' AND POSITION. 
 
 exception 
 
 sPshn 
 
 direction 
 
 Drshn 
 
 acceptation 
 
 sPshnt 3 
 
 duration 
 
 Drshn 3 
 
 application 
 
 Plshn 3 
 
 consideration 
 
 sDrshn 
 
 expression 
 
 sPrshn 
 
 imagination 
 
 M-Jshn 
 
 impression 
 
 MPshn I 
 
 exaggeration 
 
 sjrshn 
 
 objection 
 
 o-Bshn 
 
 action 
 
 Kshn 3 
 
 exhibition 
 
 sBshn i 
 
 transaction 
 
 Trs-Kshn 
 
 situation 
 
 sTshn i 
 
 indication 
 
 Xd-Kshn i 
 
 satisfaction 
 
 sTshn 3 
 
 conclusion 
 
 Klshn 3 
 
 expectation 
 
 sP-Tshn 
 
 description 
 
 sKrshn I 
 
 hesitation 
 
 Z-Tshn 
 
 valuation 
 
 Vlshn 3 
 
 attraction 
 
 Trshn 3 
 
 information 
 
 Xshn i 
 
 construction 
 
 sTrushn 
 
 intention 
 
 Xt-Xshn i 
 
 instruction 
 
 in-sTrshn 
 
 junction 
 
 J-XGshn' 
 
 obstruction 
 
 obs-Trshn 
 
 sanction 
 
 sXGshn 
 
 addition 
 
 Dshn 3 
 
 recollection 
 
 Rshn 
 
 reduction 
 
 R-Dshn 
 
 observation 
 
 Bs-Rshn 
 
FINAL HOOKS 231 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 in relation (Nr-Lshn or Xrlshn i) my recollection is 
 with relation (\vR-Lshn) my impression is 
 
 on this occasion 
 
 Exercise 140. 
 
 It-was my expectation on making-the confession to 
 receive some consolation. Your information with- 
 relation to-the solution of-the difficulty brings us in- 
 spiration. My-recollection-is that-the relation of-the 
 incident brought indications of emotion. It-was my 
 intention that-the duration of-his option of purchase 
 should-be conditioned upon his-own action. His pre- 
 sentation of-the case made-a favorable impression and 
 obtained my sanction. Their consultation is in-relation 
 to-the best education as-a preparation for business. 
 My-impression-is that-the assertion came in-a communi- 
 cation from Beaver. It-is a satisfaction to know that- 
 the place of-the exhibition is near-the station at-the 
 iunction of-the roads. My conclusion is that on-this- 
 occasion there-must-be-a discussion on-the financial situ- 
 ation of-the nation. He-made objections to my making- 
 the motion at-this session. On another occasion I-will 
 give due consideration to-the question of reduction in- 
 the valuation. His observations were preparatory to 
 giving instructions for-the needed alterations. His direc- 
 tions included the marking of-the sections to-be copied 
 and-the omissions desired. I-have-the impression that 
 after-the completion of-the contract and its execution, 
 additions will-be allowed with great hesitation. His 
 concentration of thought, and his patient application to- 
 the work of construction and operation show his inter- 
 est. From my-recollection of Mr. Moore's expressions, 
 it-is-no exaggeration to say that-the separation of inter- 
 
232 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 ests was in-all-the property \vith-the exception of-the 
 factory. Things of-this description have-a great at- 
 traction for me, and stimulate my imagination. In-their 
 usual acceptation, the words suggest some obstruction 
 to-a portion of-the proposed work. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 For-a small consideration she secured her-oivn old 
 fashioned chair at-the auction. Some additions will-be 
 needed 'to-our helpers, for-the task is larger-than we 
 supposed. Were-we-not right in bringing-the discussion 
 to-a conclusion ? It-was my happiness to-have my ap- 
 plication accepted for-a situation in one of-the western 
 precincts. Would-ive-not have-a right to determine 
 that this-is-an indication that our expectation is appre- 
 hended to-be reasonable? My-recollection-is that he- 
 gave expression to-his intention to decline to serve the 
 county for-the balance of-the debt. Our instructions 
 were to get information with-relation to-the foundation 
 of-the stoiy through your correspondence. I apprehend 
 that t/iere-?vt//-be no objection other-than this to-the 
 use of-these patent appliances. A reduction was made 
 in-the valuation of-the building after its construction 
 on-account-of the appearance of-its foundation. Mv- 
 impression-is that-the exhibition will-be lengthened 
 in-time, if-not made permanent, and-the number of 
 attractions will-be increased. It-was-a satisfaction to- 
 have another of-our beloved Maryland friends with-us 
 in-that aicful time. I disapprove of-the direction your 
 action is taking, as carefully outlined, for-instance. by- 
 the friend \-spokc-of. I-have-the happiness to report 
 that I-have examined and found the story untrue, being- 
 a mere indulgence in-a juvenile tendency to exaggera- 
 tion. If mv-recollection-is correct, the completion of- 
 the contract requires an insertion in-relation to its 
 duration and one on-the effect of fluctuation in prices. 
 My hesitation is caused by discoveries through mv-oivn 
 observation among-the inhabitants. Were-we-not to 
 leave them all behind on-the island with-the exception 
 of-those ivho-were-not yet examined by Jefferson? 
 
yiXAI. HOOKS 233 
 
 The obstructions are all m-vonr-own imagination. The 
 allegation as-to-the results of-the operation are sup- 
 ported by-the reasoning of-a logician. Would-you-not 
 think it wise for-them to consider the question of-the 
 expediency of securing-a patent upon-their machine? 
 I-\vas at-first walking slower-than the-others, but by 
 quickening my pace I-vvas nearer-than any of-them to- 
 the junction at-the appointed time. tte-mav-(have)- 
 been-there longer-than his countryman. 'On-this-occa- 
 sion Benjamin showed more proficiency. It-was ap- 
 parent that \\e-had-not attained to-an unquestioning 
 faith. Taken in-their usual acceptation your words 
 would-be-an insinuation of dishonest}'. I-cannot believe 
 that there-will-be' plentv of time, and if-not I-dare-not 
 sanction the commencement of-the experiment. (On)- 
 either-hand stood an intelligent helper upon whom 
 devolved the duty of providing whatever might-be 
 needed during-the progress of-the experiment. Are- 
 they-not failures consequent upon misunderstanding 
 rather-than upon anything-else ? My-dear-friend, the 
 value of-his attainments is unquestioned, and u'e-may- 
 (have)-been mistaken. My sister's husband went to 
 Danville in-the interests of republicanism, and has- 
 been-there a week. Meanwhile we-(have)-been out-of 
 work. Whichever way we turn we-are aware-of dis- 
 approval. Labels of-this description are for protection 
 against imitations. 
 
234 
 
 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 LESSON LXXII 
 Shon- Hook Continued 
 
 X . 7 
 
 u ^ ^ ^ \ L^V_JV_> 
 
 n \s 
 
 
 
 
 V^ i. - .' 
 
 > Lv, 
 
 ~V:^ ^ ,> 
 
 .^ 
 
 v^/f" 
 
 ^^X , 
 V^> 
 
 VO. 
 
 *^2 
 
 . JiL-P \ 
 
 v^>^ 
 
 O ^^ f* ~~^~ 
 
 ^\^- 
 
 ^Y?/*Y? 
 
 7 (a/> 
 
 portion 
 
 erection 
 
 076) 
 
 motions 
 
 del-iberation 
 
 circulation 
 
 occasioned 
 
 ancients 
 
 distri-bution 
 
 negotiation 
 
 ancient . 
 
 (167) 
 
 constitution 
 
 depreciation 
 
 (i/7) 
 
 cancellation 
 
 petition 
 
 accu-mulation patience 
 
 transaction 
 
 creation 
 
 att-ention 
 
 impatience 
 
 translation 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 representation 
 
 R-Pshn 
 
 transportation 
 
 Trs-P-Tshn 
 
 inspection 
 
 Ns-Pshn 
 
 protraction 
 
 Pr-Trshn 
 
 prohibition 
 
 Pr-Bshn 
 
 destruction 
 
 D-sTrshn 
 
 publication 
 
 P-Bshn 
 
 production 
 
 Pr-Dshn 
 
 obligation 
 
 Blshn i 
 
 generation 
 
 Jslin 
 
 dissatisfaction 
 
 Ds-Tshn 3 
 
 degeneration 
 
 D-Jshn 
 
 determination 
 
 D-Trshn 
 
 legislation 
 
 L-Jshn 
 
 substitution 
 
 s3-sTshn 
 
 affectionate 
 
 F-Kshn 3 
 
FIXAL HOOKS 235 
 
 collection Kl-Kshn i fraction Frshn 3 
 
 correction Kr-Kshn i revelation Lshn 
 
 inscription insKrshn i revolution Lshn 3 
 
 signification sGshn i resurrection Rs-Rshn 
 
 exclusion sKlshn preservation Prs-Rshn 
 
 calculation Kl-Klshn mention Mshn 
 
 resignation R-sGshn extinction Ks-T-NGshn 
 
 transgression Trs-Geshn distinction Dst-NGshn 
 
 modification Md-Fshn function F-NGshn 
 notification Nt-Fshn 
 
 Exercise 142, 
 
 He showed his impatience when his attention was 
 called to-the Prohibition petition. It-is my determina- 
 tion to make-an inspection of-the business without dis- 
 tinction of departments, so-as-to discover the cause of- 
 this dissatisfaction. The fine state-of preservation of- 
 these ancient inscriptions makes it easier to determine 
 their signification. He felt under obligation to try the 
 plan suggested by-his affectionate parents. His repre- 
 sentation is-that this resignation may save our society 
 from degeneration and destruction. It-is-the function 
 of-our committee to secure Btirk's nomination and elec- 
 tion, so-as-to obtain this legislation. He-made some 
 important corrections and modifications in-the work. 
 The book is frequently mentioned as-a valuable pro- 
 duction. I-am waiting for-the publication of-the new 
 edition. I-will make-a calculation on-the value of-the 
 collection. He failed to spell the word "resurrection." 
 This substitution will secure what-we desire without-the 
 notification of-the-others. They demand the exclusion 
 of every fraction of-the valuable matter from -the bill. 
 These transgressions threaten the protraction of-the 
 feud to future generations. You-may hinder the for- 
 
236 FIXAL HOOKS 
 
 mation and execution of new plans of transportation. 
 The revolution threatens the extinction of-the nation. 
 His wide reputation was-a revelation to me. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 The fulfillment of-his obligation with-relation to-the 
 collection of proofs and-the correction of errors, will 
 save the business from destruction. Your apparent dis- 
 satisfaction occasioned his admission as-to-his part in- 
 the transaction. It-will-not-\y& difficult to put plenty 
 of money into circulation by-this mode of distribu- 
 tion. I-had-not supposed that-the government museum 
 would-be so great a permanent attraction. We-do-not- 
 knovv the signification of-the inscription nor of what the 
 figure is-a representation. He-has great admiration for- 
 those of-his countrymen who-are men of unquestioned 
 distinction. Can-there-be time taken hereafter for-a 
 particular inspection by another-cne of-the mechanics? 
 They -will -not like this transgression (on-thc)-one-hand 
 nor-i\\e consequent prohibition (on-thc)-othcr-hand. 
 You-should give some attention to-the preservation of- 
 your health. For-instance, you-cannot with impunity 
 transgress the doctor 's orders in-relation to-a reduction 
 in-your hours of work. He-will lecture on-the effect of- 
 such legislation on-the production and distribution of 
 wealth. His exclusion from-the notification is men- 
 tioned as-a cause of-the resignation. This generation 
 has seen manv modifications in-the modes of transporta- 
 tion. Their latest publications showed a degeneration 
 in-their business. A fraction of-the report was-not 
 satisfactory and they-will-not accept it. The harm 
 in-the resurrection and protraction of-this quarrel is 
 beyond calculation. You-do-not heed the disapproval 
 of-your affectionate and beloved friends, \-approve of- 
 the substitution they speak-of. They hope-(to)-have 
 your co-operation hereafter in-this work of reformation. 
 The revolution doicn- there positively was-not brought 
 about b\-our co-operation. The revelation resulted in- 
 the extinction of-all hope-of renewing our privileges. 
 You-do-not intelligently profit by-his determination to- 
 
FINAL HOOKS 237 
 
 be straightforward, or you-would call- forth a dovsii.- 
 right confession of-the delinquency. You-had-not seen 
 that-the ladies-(and)-gentlemen (on) -either-hand were 
 uninterested in-the phenomenon. Have-not all come to 
 Philadelphia at-their-o-wn expense? I-have-not gone- 
 there except when \L\\e\-were-not believed to-be at-home. 
 He-went to Richmond and has-been-there and in Ken- 
 tucky since that eventful year. By-their-own efforts 
 they-have meanwhile progressed further-than many 
 ivtio-have-liad-tlie most careful attention. We-may- 
 ( have) -been previously informed, but having no hope- 
 of making-the business profitable, we-(haye)-been 
 indifferent. Don' t-you-kno\v that every-one-else except- 
 ing-the southerner had witnessed some of-the phenom- 
 ena? The questioner asked the doctor what-the effect 
 on-the organism would-be. We-(have)-been-there 
 often but accidentally missed you each time. I-approve 
 of-the behavior of-these private soldiers, ivhoever may 
 set-forth objections. 
 
2 3 S 
 
 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 LESSON LXXIII 
 
 Shon-Hook Signs Followed by Other Strokes 
 
 178. A simple stroke may be joined to a large final 
 hook: optional, national. 
 
 179. Words having only vowels besides the shon- 
 syllable, and derivatives of words ending in sh, are writ- 
 ten with SHn instead of shon: ocean, Russian. 
 
 Exercise 143. 
 
 L ? 
 
 J 
 
 1 
 
 JL/2: - J 
 
 ^. ( , 
 
 o^/- 
 
 
 \ 
 
 / V J *' 
 
 
 ) 
 
 / x /x- 
 
 ^ } ^,.^ 
 
 / / f \> v\y 
 
 
 
 patiently 
 
 (,68) 
 
 sectional 
 
 
 precautionary 
 
 rational-ly 
 
 educational 
 
 
 visionary 
 
 5rrational-ly 
 
 (79) 
 
 
 (128) 
 
 emotional 
 
 comm-ission 
 
 
 missionary 
 
 auctioneer 
 
 ashen 
 
 
 passionate 
 
 optional 
 
 Prussian 
 
 
 protectionist 
 
 constitutional 
 
 diminution 
 
 
 elocutionist 
 
 conditional 
 
 admonition 
 
FINAL HOOKS 239 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 exceptional-ly sPshn-L fashionable Fshn-B 3 
 
 objectionable o-Bshn-B fractional Frshn-L 3 
 
 prohibitionist Pr-Bshn-St revolutionary Lshn-R 3 
 
 dictionary Dshn-R revolutionist Lshn-St 3 
 
 additional Dshn-L 3 intentional Nt-Nshn-Li 
 
 Exercise 144. 
 
 It seemed the creation of-a visionary mind. As-a 
 prohibitionist he-\vill-not relinquish a fractional part-of 
 his demands. The completion of-the purchase is op- 
 tional with-us, in view of-the great depreciation in-the 
 property. His parents visit him occasionally in-spite-of 
 the distance. This congressional action indicates that- 
 the corporation is-to-have additional rights. I-gave my 
 promise that-a rational moderation would positively be 
 observed. He-has-a passionate love for giving recollec- 
 tions of-the days of sectional strife. The author pa- 
 tiently put his work through-a careful revision, and it-is 
 highly esteemed in educational circles. I-understand 
 that-his acceptance is conditional, requiring-the adop- 
 tion of certain revolutionary methods. I-was intention- 
 ally waiting for-the revision, which-vvas to-be excep- 
 tionally fine. The auctioneer offered an unabridged 
 dictionary for-sale. Revolution occasionally threatens 
 the national unity. They-are leaving for-a fashionable 
 summer resort. He-says it-is-the irrational dissatisfac- 
 tion of-the revolutionists which finds so much objection- 
 able matter in-the reports. They-will freshen the bou- 
 quets and add to-them some of-these carnations. They 
 fear this diminution of-their income may bring them to 
 want. The admonition was unheeded by-the deputa- 
 tion. 
 
240 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 Much dissatisfaction was caused by-these extreme 
 precautionary measures. We-(haA - e)-been slower-than 
 we ought-(to)-have-been in-the accumulation of funds 
 for-the erection of-the building. He frequently gives 
 dictation with great deliberation. Traditional doctrines 
 are sometimes objectionable to revolutionists. The com- 
 petition in-my vocation makes the work out-of propor- 
 tion to-the earnings. Being impatient to change my 
 occupation, I accepted a salary w r hich-was smaller-than 
 I-had-been receiving. By-his representation only a 
 fractional part-of the bill is constitutional. We-did-not 
 approve of-his desertion from-the delegation. We-are 
 nearer-than we supposed to-the end of-our negotiations. 
 The recitations of-this elocutionist are exceptionally 
 good. He-did-not understand that-his evasion of-our 
 request would necessitate its reiteration. Didn't-you- 
 say that any allusion to-his oration by any-one-else must- 
 be made with caution ? A dictionary was given him 
 as-an additional reward for hard study. In-my estima- 
 tion, the variation from-the earlier edition is infinitely 
 smaller-than must-(have)-been expected. For-their- 
 own sakes, to secure a progressive development (on-thc)- 
 one-hand, and to avoid punishment (on-thc)-other-hand, 
 are-they-not bound to abandon this downward course of 
 transgressing law? These forms. in-a Congregational 
 church would-be regarded as revolutionary. We-cannot- 
 think it doubtful that cultivation by irrigation down-there 
 in-that country has-been his ambition. We-do-not ex- 
 pect-a bountiful harvest in Connecticut this year, after- 
 the plentifiil yield of last summer. He-says he-is-a 
 protectionist and-a prohibitionist. We-tuould-(\\a\e}- 
 been -watchful instead-of neglectful if we-had-been 
 aware-Gi these facts. His superficial attainments and 
 even his positive deficiencies have-been disregarded 
 by-those ivho-have-haA charge of-the construction. He 
 attempts to explain the relation of-the emotional to-the 
 volitional nature. He-cannot believe that it-was-an 
 illusion caused by-a skillful Egyptian magician. You- 
 do-not doubt that-the time is-at-hand for some-other-one 
 
FINAL HOOKS 241 
 
 of-our countrymen to-be chosen ? My remuneration is- 
 not proportionate to-the labor demanded. The location 
 near Greenfield where we spent our vacation was-a 
 good selection. The creation of-our constitution was-a 
 work greater-than republicanism or democracy alone 
 could provide. He intentionally lives as he-does, say- 
 ing that he prefers to-be unfashionable. Can-there-be 
 any objection to inviting-the southerner to remain-there? 
 
 LESSON LXXIV 
 
 Eshon-Hoofc 
 
 i So. A small back-hook after a circle at the end of a 
 stroke represents shon after the s-sound. Its name is 
 eshon and it is indicated by eshn : 
 
 N 1 ^ ^ 
 
 F> fo - Q p ^ / cT 
 
 Pseshn Tseshn Kseshn Fseshn Rseshn Mseshn 
 
 possession precision vexation sensation 
 
 position procession physician ( I 5^) 
 
 opposition decision civilization compensation 
 
 supposition accession authorization transition 
 
 deposition succession rescission condensation 
 
 proposition taxation musician dispensation 
 
 181. A small hook joined beside an n-hook or an 
 f-hook represents a following shon or eshon : 
 
 ob 
 
 Pfeshn Pneshn Mneshn Tfeshn Tneshn Nneshn 
 
 profession pension detention invention 
 
 provision expansion retention convention 
 
 abbreviation combination extension alienation 
 
 division tension origination mansion 
 
 derivation contention inclination dimension 
 
 TAYLOR-I6. 
 
242 FIXAL HOOKS 
 
 182. The eshon-hcrok may be used after a steh-loop: 
 
 4 V, 
 
 Tst-eshn Fst-eshn 
 
 attestation detestation protestation manifestation 
 
 183. When it is necessary to write a vowel which is 
 sounded just before the eshon-hook, the sign is placed 
 beside the hook ; position cannot be shown : 
 
 Lu- U>n cY 
 
 devotion diffusion persuasion 
 
 184. fss joined to an eshon-hook is written inside the 
 hook : 
 
 decisions musicians pensions 
 
 physicians conversations divisions 
 
 185. A stroke may follow an eshon-hook: 
 
 conversational transitional devotional professional 
 
 Exercise 145. 
 *. I - -s v '\ i - e * 
 
 .s^ _ -n ^^ n N^, \^O 
 
FINAL HOOKS 243 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 specification sPseshn accusation Kseshn 3 
 
 comprehension Prneshn classification Klseshn 
 
 apprehension Prneshn 3 organization Gnseshn i 
 
 capitalization K-Plseshn disorganization 
 
 justification Jseshn Ds-Gnseshn i 
 
 suggestion sjseshn investigation N-Vseshn 
 
 generalization Jnseshn ornamentation Rneshn 
 
 acquisition Kseshn i imposition MPseshn I 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 1 86. The eshon-hook may be used for than in 
 phrases : 
 
 faster than less than no less than not less than 
 
 Exercise 146. 
 
 The physician says these sensations are the manifesta- 
 tion of-a wrong condition. Cold causes the condensa- 
 tion of-the moisture in-the air and heat brings about its 
 expansion and diffusion. His detention was caused by 
 professional business. He-had taken not-less-than a 
 dozen depositions in-regard to-the invention. Accusa- 
 tions of dishonesty in obtain ing- a pension were made 
 against him. Our affairs are in-a transitional state, but 
 there need be no apprehension for our safety. He 
 marked off the dimensions with great precision before 
 commencing-the specification. The child is required to 
 find the derivation of some words and-the forms of ab- 
 breviation for others. Investigation showed the tension 
 of-the machine too tight. How to regard the loss of- 
 such tiresome generalizations as- a deprivation is beyond 
 my comprehension. With-this excellent provision for- 
 your instruction, you ought to progress faster-than 
 you-do. His proposition for-the ornamentation of-the 
 
244 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 building aroused much opposition and contention. His 
 suggestions were in-relation to-a better organization, 
 the acquisition of new members, and-the capitalization 
 of stock. The authorization of-a loan was made, but 
 for-an amount less-than we-had hoped. The society's 
 general state-of disorganization explains his alienation 
 from it. There-were no-less-than twenty associations 
 represented in-the convention. He-says-the acquisition 
 of wealth is-an extension of power. The papers in-his- 
 possession fully show my justification for-the classifica- 
 tion employed. He conducted the devotional exercises 
 in-his usual pleasant conversational tone. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 My suggestion was that-the choice of persons for-the 
 procession be ma.<\efrom-their-o-d;n musicians. My sup- 
 position is that he delights in-the study of-such phe- 
 nomena no-less-than in-the practice of-his profession. 
 It-is my belief that-the rescission of-the contract is-not-a 
 justification for-the retention of-the money. My deci- 
 sion after our arrival was that we ought-(to)-have a 
 visit to-the mansion since it-was less-than a mile away. 
 Jefferson's position was (to-a)-great-extent a vexation 
 to-him in-spite-of his devotion to-the business. You- 
 may-( have) -been assured that-the legalization of mon- 
 opoly and-the centralization of-the money power would 
 bring about a succession of disasters. He-may-(have)- 
 been told by-the secretary that-the association would 
 have-a large representation in-the union. With some 
 persuasion w-zf0/^-(have)-been willing to accept the 
 proposition with-the offered compensation, even against 
 our inclination. We-(have)-been-there in-their-own 
 emplov a long time, and have-been -watchful. We- 
 have made protestations against the taxation of members 
 in-this division. His error was no-other-than a mere 
 mistake in capitalization or punctuation. He-was pain- 
 fully conscious that-a genteel but downright refusal 
 wa.-the answer to-his application. We-would-(have)- 
 
FIXAL HOOKS 245 
 
 been glad if he-had-had-the written accusation in-his- 
 possession. When you-(have)-been-there a short-time 
 you-will-be so proficient that you-cannot consider your- 
 self a beginner. Not-less-than a month should-be de- 
 voted to-the investigation of-this combination for-their- 
 own sakes. The classification of-these organic speci- 
 mens is progressing faster-than I- feared it- might. I- 
 understand-you-(to)-say that-the specification does-not 
 include the ornamentation of-the front of-the building. 
 He-'ivill-have no apprehension of failure in-his schemes 
 for-the acquisition of wealth. At-all-events he-will-be 
 hopeful that-the business will-be profitable. The dis- 
 position to-such imposition is beyond my comprehension, 
 and it-Tvill-have-a. bad effect upon- the behavior of-the 
 juvenile portion of-the community. His generalizations 
 on-the value of organization are-not consistent with-the 
 state-of disorganization in-his-own business. He-is ac- 
 credited with-the origination of-these Saturday conver- 
 sations. The world has seen every transition from bar- 
 barism to civilization. The governor of-the state-of 
 California was in-the city-of Sacramento at-the-ti'me. 
 It devolves upon us to spea^-of-ihe situation truthfully 
 and -without exaggeration. She spoke-of the differ- 
 ences that ought-(to)-have-been noticed on-this-occa- 
 sion. 
 
 LESSON LXXV 
 Tive-Hook 
 
 187. A large final hook, on straight strokes only, on 
 the side opposite the circle-side, represents the syllable 
 tive. Its name is tit), and it is indicated by tv. 
 
 ^ J c/ ^ /" ^ 
 
 Ptv Ttv CHtv Ktv Rtv Htv 
 
 1 88. Where the tive-syllable follows a curved con- 
 
246 
 
 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 sonant, a half length, a brief sign, or a hook, it must be 
 represented by Tf or by V. 
 
 motive sensitive plaintive 
 
 Exercise 147. 
 
 VX ~^N ^A k X J 
 
 =y 
 /? ^ g 
 
 y- 
 
 < ^~^P *\ 
 
 j r i 
 \ ^^-^ jf 
 
 ' \^l 
 
 creative 
 captive 
 deceptive 
 comparative 
 superlative 
 (sPrltv) 
 preparative 
 co-operative 
 combative 
 intuitive 
 nutritive 
 
 authoritative 
 fugitive 
 adjective 
 (J-Ktv) 
 executive 
 def-ective 
 lucrative 
 figurative 
 
 (177) 
 
 operatives 
 
 relatives 
 
 *Xl tfv 
 
 (178) 
 
 captivity 
 receptivity 
 (168) 
 comparatively 
 intuitively 
 (128) ' 
 effectively 
 consecutively 
 figuratively 
 def-ectively 
 
 ~ \^ 
 
 (188) 
 positive 
 furtive 
 consumptive 
 native 
 narrative 
 attent-ive 
 invent-ive 
 suggest-ive 
 digest-ive 
 substant-ive 
 
FINAL HOOKS 247 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 representative R-Ptv productive Pr-Dtv 
 
 respective R-sPtv productiveness Pr-Dtv-Xs 
 
 irrespective R-sPtv imaginative M-Jtv 
 
 prospective Pros-Ptv active 3 
 
 perspective Prs-Ptv inactive 3 
 
 objective o-Btv actively 3 
 
 subjective sBtv activity Ktv(3)-T 
 
 attractive Trtv 3 descriptive sKrtv I 
 
 instructive in-sTrtv collective I 
 
 destructive D-sTrtv collectively I 
 
 restrictive R-sTrtv corrective I 
 
 Exercise 148. 
 
 Our restrictive measures have-been effective in hold- 
 ing captive all-of the fugitives. The class is required 
 to write the positive, the comparative, and-the superla- 
 tive degrees of-a long list of adjectives. I-knew intui- 
 tivelv that-the efforts of-this representative would-be 
 productive of good. He-will speak instructively on-the 
 motives brought out in-the narrative. His words are 
 authoritative and instructive, and his listeners are al- 
 ways attentive. In view of-his prospective resignation, 
 we-must all be active. A reflective man is-not always 
 inactive, for reflection usually arouses to activity. An 
 intuitive sense of-the true motive should act as-a pro- 
 tective influence against deceptive appearances. His 
 suggestive remarks will effectively overcome all influ- 
 ences creative of disturbance. His words relative to- 
 that subject were figurative. Shall-I respond to-the 
 charges collectively or take them one by one consecu- 
 tively ? The young man will-be kept actively at work 
 as-a corrective of-his speculative tendencies. He-has 
 relatively more knowledge on-account-of-his greater re- 
 
248 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 ceptivity and better memory. It- is comparatively easy 
 to train this bird to live and sing in captivity. Inventive 
 work is attractive to-him. I-shall use-the argument ir- 
 respective of-the fact that it-will-be destructive of-my- 
 own hopes. He teaches that all trouble is subjective 
 and not objective. The papers will-be signed by-the 
 parties respectively. The dim perspective gives oppor- 
 tunity for-the imaginative faculty. He-is defective in 
 imagination and descriptive power. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 The pardoning power is-the prerogative of-the execu- 
 tive department. The questioner called-forth the state- 
 ment that Rhode Island was smaller-than the state-of- 
 Indiana. Pupils must-have receptive minds or-the in- 
 structive words of-the teacher will-be ineffective. We- 
 Di a\-( have )-been (to-a)-great-extent conscious of-the 
 deficiency without being powerful enough to overcome 
 it perfectly. What-is-the relative productiveness of-the 
 respective fields which-have-been shown us? You-w<n'- 
 (have)-been bountiful toward everyone-else , but my-im- 
 presston-is that-the poverty of Nicholson testifies against 
 you. After some hesitation he cast a furtive glance at 
 us, for he-was sensitive to-our opinion. Would-you- 
 (have)-been able-to derive any benefit out-of the cir- 
 cumstance -if-you-had known it previously? He-was 
 inactive unless doing imitative work, for \\e-had-not an 
 imaginative nature. What-wotild-(\\^.\e)-\>e.en a plenti- 
 ful supply to any-one-else was accepted with hesitation 
 by Stephen. His objective point is-the home of-his 
 childhood and young manhood in-his native country 
 where his relatives still live. fou-would-(\u\\e)-bee\\ 
 worthy of-otir approval -whichever course you took. 
 Some of-the operatives who- have-been engaged are too 
 talkative. Would-you-(have)-been in Greenfield if 
 reduced rates of transportation to-the exhibition had- 
 been granted ? The negative attitude of-our-own rep- 
 resentative has-been productive of great harm. We- 
 (have)-been-there since-thc fact of-this delinquency was 
 
FINAL KOOKS 249 
 
 divulged to-us, but all-of our efforts were unavailing. 
 Your view of life cannot-have my approval. I-prefer 
 the outward and upward look rather-than the inward 
 and downward. It-is imperative to-have both perspec- 
 tive and breadth. They derive little benefit from such 
 doubtful privileges. He-had-a lucrative position with- 
 the Co-operative Union in Danville. I accidentally 
 discovered the bird sitting above-their heads and out-of- 
 their reach. Your absence for so many consecutive 
 days will-be destructive of-your influence irrespective 
 of any excuses. She-had-the gifts attractively arranged 
 and marked with-the names of-the three children 
 respectively. Corrective measures will-be actively em- 
 ployed. Attractive appointments in-a work room are 
 creative of interest and activity in-the workers. The 
 cases will-be considered collectively and restrictive 
 measures adopted. His letter is descriptive of-his pros- 
 pective home. 
 
 LESSON LXXVI 
 
 Conflicting- Words 
 
 Ilitc. Distinguish by vowels, position, shading, outline or 
 careful writing. 
 
 plans, balance scant, second 
 
 appearance, principle grain, corn 
 
 principles, remembrances immigrant, emigrant 
 
 train, turn often, even 
 
 pertain, appertain finely, finally 
 
 Martin, Morton man, men 
 
 Hamilton, Milton assign, sign 
 
 did not, had not demonstration, admini- 
 general, John stration 
 
 gentlemanly, gentle restrictive, restorative 
 
 ingenuous, ingenious protection, production 
 
 can, cannot amount, account 
 
250 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 Esmond, Raymond defer, defray 
 
 settlement, statement divers, diverse, adverse 
 
 prominent,, permanent, operation, oppression 
 
 pre-eminent transaction, transgression 
 
 opinion, information prospective, perspective 
 
 forenoon, afternoon prohibition, approbation 
 
 speak of, spoke of station, situation 
 
 city of, state of desolation, dissolution 
 
 device, advice innovation, invasion 
 
 devise, advise elegant, eloquent 
 
 Exercise 149. 
 
 I-have somehow gained the information that Esmond 
 is pre-eminent for gentlemanly manners. He-did-not 
 desire to store any grain in-the barn I-speak-of. Gen. 
 Martin often gave them remembrances of-his campaigns. 
 John and-I spent hours this afternoon taking-a perspec- 
 tive view of-our lives. Raymond was giving attention 
 this forenoon to-the settlement of divers accounts. Xo 
 adverse opinion is easily gained by one in-his situation". 
 I-am indifferent to Hamilton's approbation, and shall 
 demand a statement of-the amount, as I-said. He-is 
 ingenious enough to devise a way to stop these opera- 
 tions. The man can-not receive-a second supply of 
 funds at-once, and ought to defer these charges. In 
 appearance, the advice is good. His-is a life without 
 balance, and he turns his mind to every innovation of 
 custom, as-if it brought a permanent dissolution of the 
 old order. Anything pertaining to-the State-of-New- 
 York is of interest to-him. I-shall assign-the note and- 
 the mortgage to John. He-was finely trained by-his 
 experiences and became invaluable to-us. The men 
 bought the corn I-spoke-of and shipped it to-the State-of 
 Washington. The demonstration was-a good one. It- 
 
FINAL HOOKS 251 
 
 \vas-an eloquent address. His administration illustrates 
 the value of restorative methods in prison reform. Snow 
 is useful in-the protection of-the wheat. The transgres- 
 sion met with much disapproval. Many of-the immi- 
 grants perished on-the journey. 
 
 Exercise ijo. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS WORDS. 
 
 Eden, don, cone, feign, supine, Satan, sullen, siren, 
 glean, strewn, saffron, sovereign, Steuben, stamen, 
 yearns, hones. 
 
 Abound, atoned, deigned, convened, vent, rind, 
 scanned, consonant, blunt, flaunt, brunt, screened, af- 
 front, blends, chintz, glands, flints, anoints. 
 
 Colon, cologne, tighten, talon, deaden, bobbin, aspen, 
 villain, enchain, automaton, feminine, Neptune, mono- 
 tone, Armenian, Arcadian, subjoin, semitone, Lisbon, 
 Jocelyn, disjoin, disdain, craven, plebeian, Brighton, 
 flagon, overrun, Mormon. 
 
 Cogent, piquant, pageant, opulent, unassigned, un- 
 feigned, maligned, solvent, thickened, elephant, regent, 
 malevolent, raiment, sacrament, tegument, redolent, 
 despond, indigent, ointment, abatement, abscond, base- 
 ment, assortment, incipient, purloined, unl-eavened, 
 unre-fined, orphaned, serpent, fervent, ferment, sharp- 
 ened, predicament. 
 
 Flinty, minion, Toynbee, granary, can-on, ungainly, 
 cleanly, append-age, phantasy. 
 
 Doff, chafe, quaff, rife, heave, clef, trough, breve, 
 gruff, swerves, toughen, Bavaria, devotee, revel, di- 
 vorce, dived, raved, grieved, gloved, tufts, rifts. 
 
 Effusion, ovation, elation, corrosion, accretion, secre- 
 tion, dilution, ejection, optician, pollution, abolition, 
 
252 FINAL HOOKS 
 
 inundation, legation, tactician, decoction, vacillation, 
 abnegation, abomination, undulation, infatuation, in- 
 fection, revocation, absolution, dissolution, visitation, 
 elucidation, aggression, derision, edification, penetra- 
 tion, deterioration, causation (i), apposition, indecision. 
 Montgomery, Atlanta, Charleston, New Haven, 
 Wilmington, Kansas City (Knss-sT), New Orleans 
 (Nrlns), Portland, Burlington, Dover, Cleveland, 
 Arkansas, Kentucky, Maine, Montana, Oregon, Wis- 
 consin. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 ? / <??^-zf(?/fl?-(have)-been-there if-they-had given you 
 a truthful impression without exaggeration. Bradley 
 ought-(to)-have-\\'<\& some information in-relation to- 
 these prospective additions. Such-have-been my con- 
 clusions as-to-the construction and valuation of-the 
 building. He-will-have-hzd. our sanction, cheerfully 
 given, as-his justification. The phenomenon must- 
 (have)-been intelligently understood, though-an im- 
 perfect description was given. It-will-have- & beauti- 
 ful private roadway which-will-have no obstrttction 
 to-the view in-the direction of-the mansion. The 
 duration of-the contract was under consideration, and 
 some additional features were thought objectionable. 
 Such organisms ought-(to)-have-been put in-a different 
 classification. They gave-their opinions as-to-the super- 
 ficial area of-the respective fields and their productive- 
 ness. /Wz7-the years of-his manhood he lived in 
 California. Such-have-been-the awful effects of-the 
 protraction of-these revolutionary measures whereof "I- 
 speak, that there-is little indication or hope-of benefit 
 from any restrictive legislation. His observations with- 
 relation to my application for-the sittiation were kind 
 and gentlemanly, and I cheerfully took his suggestions. 
 The roof ought-(to)-have-had perpendicular supports 
 in-the front at-all- events. I intentionally gave expres- 
 sion to my satisfaction with-the modifications in-the 
 classification. Whoever meets me at-thc junction will 
 
FINAL HOOKS 253 
 
 furnish means of transportation. It-is-the expectation 
 that Tve-are-(to)-have these as-an additional attraction 
 in-the exhibition. In five years it-will-have-been a 
 generation since-the destruction of-the town. They- 
 were actively engaged in-the correction of-the errors. 
 The perpendicular beams ivhich-have-bee\\ used are 
 more economical. The intention is to see those ivho- 
 ha-ve made the prohibition. They cheerfully gave us 
 the instructions, irrespective of any facts mentioned. 
 We-are-(to)-have a beautiful home in-the state-of- 
 Indiana. Those vvho-have imperfect lessons are an ob- 
 struction to-the progress of-the class. My hope-of se- 
 curing-the situation whereof they write is small. They- 
 are considerations whieh-have-not-been well weighed. 
 ^Nz-hopc-(to)-have many expressions of satisfaction 
 and much active help. The instructions which-have- 
 been given will stimulate the imagination in no objec- 
 tionable way. Such-have-been-the indications of-his 
 activity in-my behalf that I-feel under obligations to 
 give notification before my resignation. In September 
 it-will-have-been two years since-the election of-this rep- 
 resentative. Things which-have-been said have given 
 the impression that-his sanction would-be obtained. 
 They mentioned the buildings which-have-had careful 
 inspection. It-is-a conclusion which-will-have-been 
 reached without full information. My recollection-is 
 that in August he-will-have-been in active service ten 
 years. With-the exception of-this inscription I-can give 
 the signification of everything in-the collection. 
 
PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 
 
 LESSONS LXXVII LXXX 
 
 255 
 
LESSON LXXVII 
 Prefix Signs 
 
 189. Abbreviated or arbitrary forms are used for 
 many prefixes and affixes. The following are exam- 
 ples of prefix signs: 
 
 a. For con, com, or cog, beginning a word, a 
 
 '\ 
 dot: -*-* - A "^ J*^ command, conspire, cognizant. 
 
 composure comfort" conciliate 
 
 . composition confront comm-emoration 
 
 construe conference concentr-ation 
 
 condescend concession comm-ander 
 
 congenial. concise comm-unication 
 
 conjecture conscience comm-endable 
 
 congratulation comm-ission comm-endation 
 
 conflict ( 1 13) cognizance conservative 
 
 b. For con, com, cog, cum, in the middle of a 
 word, a space : 
 
 I I X ^~~1- 
 
 l\ hi _ L! decompose, discontent, incognito ; 
 
 L. irreconcilable, nonconducting; 
 ! unconscious, accommodate; 
 
 L 
 
 N 
 
 TAYLOR 17. 257 
 
 unrecompensed, disencumber. 
 
258 PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 
 
 ac-com-plice un-con-ditional unre-comm-ended 
 
 ac-com-pany un-con-trolled dis-comm-ode 
 
 ac-comm-odate en-com-passed dis-com T posed 
 
 in-com-bustible non-comm-ittal pre-con-ceived 
 
 c. For contra, contro, contri, counter, a dash : 
 . L !l^ contradict, controvert ; 
 
 N- _ i-^ contribute, countermand. 
 
 counterpart counterfeit counterpoise 
 
 contribution counterfeiter controversial 
 
 counterbalance controversy countersign 
 
 counteract 3 counterplot countermarch 
 
 d. For. circum, self, a circle disjoined: 
 
 * y 
 
 . x. l-> circumscribe, circumvent ; 
 
 __J ^^, self-interest, self-evident. 
 
 circumflex self-possessed selfish 
 
 circumference self-supporting self-love 
 
 circumlocution self-denial self-willed 
 
 circumnavigation self-esteem self-reliant 
 
 e. For tincircum, uncontra, unself, N preced- 
 ing the required prefix sign : 
 
 ^/ uncircum scribed, unselfish ; 
 
 *> 
 
 L uncontradicted. 
 
PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 
 
 Exercise 151. 
 
 259 
 
 Note. In some cases the character of the outline for the 
 part of tlie word following con- or com- makes it preferable to 
 represent the first syllable by K-M ^or Kn. 
 
 co-mma co-me-dy co-mmodious 
 comic comrade co-mmotion 
 conic commerce co-mmiss-ary 
 
 co-mmise-rate 
 
 co-mmise-ration 
 
 Conrad 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 Not6. The colon as used below indicates that the signs are 
 disjoined. 
 
 circumspect 
 
 circumspection 
 
 unaccomplished 
 
 comprehensible 
 
 incomprehensible 
 
 contradictory 
 
 contradiction 
 
 commissioner 
 
 conscientious 
 
 commercial 
 
 self-justification 
 
 self-accusation 
 
 self-respect 
 
 self-satisfied 
 
 circum :sP 
 
 circum rsPshn 
 
 N:Pl-SHt 
 
 .Prns-B 
 
 N:Prns-B 
 
 contra :D-R 
 
 contra :Dshn 
 
 .SH-R 
 
 .SH-N 
 
 K-Mr 
 
 self : Jseshn 
 
 self :Kseshn 3 
 
 self:Rs-P 
 
 self :sT 3 
 
26O PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 
 
 Exercise 132 
 
 You deserve great commendation for-the concentra- 
 tion of effort vvhich-could accomplish such-a result. It- 
 is-a comfort to know that our action has-been confirmed 
 without conflict or controversy. Through self-love and 
 self-interest he-will confront great perils. Your un- 
 selfish conduct in-the face of-this contradiction is very 
 commendable. Neither self-respect nor conscience will 
 allow anv concessions or circumlocutions for-the pur- 
 pose of circumventing their design. How one could 
 condescend to lend himself as-an accomplice to-such-an 
 act is incomprehensible to me. The letter making pay- 
 ment contingent upon success was-a counterfeit com- 
 munication. He-was so self-satisfied as-to-be uncon- 
 scious of-the fact that-his seeming condescension arose 
 from selfishness. I-can vvait^here with composure, be- 
 ing out-of-the confusion and commotion' of-the busy 
 streets. In-spite-of my circumspection I-fear I-have 
 made statements contradictory to-yours. The court 
 will take cognizance of-the existence of-the commission. 
 He-was conscientious in seeking to counterbalance your 
 influence in congress. Conrad will accompany him to 
 India to engage in commerce. He finds self-justifica- 
 tion in-the fact that-his statement to-the commissioners 
 is still uncontradicted. Our choice of material for-the 
 compositions in commemoration of-our independence is 
 uncircumscribed. The wheel was 12 ft. in circumfer- 
 ence. Though-the rooms are commodious, the work is 
 still unaccomplished. A comma shotild-be placed be- 
 fore and after-the clause. His self-esteem will insure 
 circumspect conduct on-his part. Asbestos is-an in- 
 combustible substance. The success of-his commercial 
 career is quite comprehensible to me. The power of 
 remorse is in self-accusation. 
 
PREFIX AXD AFFIX SIGNS 26 1 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 I congratulate you and your comrades on-your action 
 in competing with them in-the commercial world. I- 
 was conscientious in giving-a description without draw- 
 ing upon my imagination. I concede that we-are under 
 obligation to-be circumspect and avoid the protraction 
 of-these complexities. It-was my expectation that your 
 sell-denying conduct would-not-be unconnected with 
 danger. The commander, after-the conquest of-the 
 army and-the rediiction of-the town, treated the con- 
 quered citizens with great consideration. By-the use 
 of-a concordance they-were comparing passages referred 
 to as contradictory. Though encompassed with diffi- 
 culties and threatened with destruction, his self-respect 
 and determination would-not permit him to retreat. 
 The writing of-these compositions is compulsory, but 
 Augusta's work is still unaccomplished. It seems in- 
 comprehensible how things can so conspire against the 
 preservation of-this fine collection. The new commis- 
 sioner seems to find selt-justijication for-his intention, 
 but he deserves our commiseration. My opportunities 
 for congenial work 5n-this direction are some-uchat cir- 
 cumscribed. Being cognizant of-the facts. I-am willing 
 to accommodate you to-the exclusion of-the-others. I- 
 shall act with circumspection in-my conference with 
 them, and shall say nothing to counteract your infliience. 
 He-made-a concise report of-the condition of-the patient 
 as-to fever and concomitant symptoms. He defines a 
 comedy as-a play that ends well. The vowel is marked 
 with-a circumflex. He-has-the distinction of having 
 made three circumnavigations of-the globe. The com- 
 missary was ordered to advance and give the counter- 
 sign. Inspection shows that-the contract is-the counter- 
 part of-this except as-to-the valuation on-the construc- 
 tion of-the addition. It-was my-recollection that he- 
 was too self-sufficient to endure contradiction or re- 
 strictive suggestions. That-his contribution was given 
 from-a selfish desire to conciliate us, is comprehensible 
 to me. I-have some apprehension that-the compromise 
 will require self-denial. It-is-a compliment for so con- 
 
262 
 
 PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGXS 
 
 servative a person to accept your calculations without 
 investigation. The comical creature made himself 
 comfortable as-a self-invited guest. He-was self-reliant, 
 and with-the greatest self-possession demanded an un- 
 conditional compliance. They concur in-the opinion 
 that langziage of so self-evident a meaning needs no 
 construing, but may-be taken in its ordinary acceptation. 
 His observations all related to-the duration of-the con- 
 tract. 
 
 . LESSON LXXVIII 
 
 Prefix Signs Continued 
 f. For fore, for, F disjoined : 
 
 \g forefinger, forestall.- 
 
 forego 
 foretell 
 
 g- 
 
 forethought forearm 
 
 foresee forefather 
 
 For inter, intro, enter, Nt disjoined: 
 o 
 ^/C "-^"^-^ interline, intermittent. 
 
 intermingle intermission interlard intertzrz'ne (85) 
 interlude interlineation interlaced introvert 
 
 h. For fore and inter, in many cases the signs 
 are joined : 
 
 A forbear, intercept; 
 
 \ 
 
 enterprise, introduce. 
 
 forebode 
 
 foresight 
 
 foreclose 
 
 foreground 
 
 unforseen 
 
 forward 
 
 forewarn 
 
 forbid 
 
 interrupt 
 
 uninterrupted 
 
 interpose 
 
 intercept 
 
 interpolate 
 
 interpret 
 
 entertain 
 
 disinterested 
 
 introduced 
 
 intercourse 
 
 interrogate 
 
 interference 
 
 interview 
 
 interval 
 
 international 
 
 mtervocalization 
 
PREFIX. AND AFFIX SIGNS 263 
 
 i. For magnet, magne, magni, M disjoined: 
 
 ^ I V_ magnanimous, magnetic, magnify. 
 
 magnificent magnesia 
 
 masrnetism 
 
 magnitude 
 
 magnanimity magnificence 
 
 j. For* self-con, self-corn, a circle in place of 
 the con-dot: 
 
 j Q^/ self-conceit, self-conscious. 
 
 self-control self-confidence self-convicted 
 
 self-contained self-condemned self-complacent 
 
 Exercise 
 
 * 
 
 reconcile 
 
 incumbent 
 
 disconsolate 
 
 reconcilable 
 
 unconstitutional 
 
 discomfort 
 
 reconciliation 
 
 unconquerable 
 
 discontinue 
 
 recognize 
 
 nob compliance 
 
 disconnect 
 
 recompense 
 
 irreconcilable 
 
 misconstrue 
 
 recommend 
 
 unre-compensed 
 
 misconduct 
 
 reconstruction 
 
 unre-cognized 
 
 miscomputatio 
 
 n incomplete 
 
 unre-conciled 
 
264 PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 aforesaid Fo-sD interchangeable Nt-CH-Bl 
 
 intercession Ntseshn i intersect Nt-sKt i 
 
 entertainment Nt-T-Mnt intersection Nt-sKshn i 
 
 introduction Nt-Dshn intermediate Nt:Md I 
 
 introductory Nt-D-R foreknowledge F:N-J 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 190. In phrases, a con or com may be represented by 
 a space, as in the words under 189 b. 
 
 in consequence in connection in conclusion 
 
 in consideration in conjunction in communication 
 
 in comparison in compliance I am compelled 
 
 Exercise 
 
 Recognizing his self-sacrifice, they-will recompense 
 him in-a magnificent manner. I-can hardly reconcile 
 myself to-the thought of foregoing this pleasure and I 
 foresee that my brother will-be quite disconsolate. I-was 
 forewarned of-the danger by-your magnanimous inter- 
 vention, and so was forearmed against it. I-am-com- 
 pelled to suffer much discomfort in-consequence of-your 
 non-compliance with-my request. I-fear-the reconcil- 
 iation is incomplete ; some of-their differences seem 
 irreconcilable. They-have misconstrued my language; 
 when-the words are rightly interpreted they-will-be rec- 
 oncilable with-my conduct. I recommend that you give 
 the work to Mr. Williams in-consideration of-his accom- 
 modations to-us. I-am unrecompensed for-the work in- 
 connection with-your company. His misconduct was in 
 intercepting -the letter. We-are-compelled to discon- 
 tinue our visits, however much we-may regret the inter- 
 ruption of-our social intercourse. Our offices will-not 
 accommodate another business of any magnitude with- 
 
PREFIX AND AEFIX SIGNS 265 
 
 out interfering with our-own interests. I considered 
 that-the interpolated words made-the bill unconstitu- 
 tional, and I interposed an objection to-its introduction. 
 I-was unconscious of-the fact that there-was-a miscom- 
 putation in-the paper. A little forethought might-have 
 forestalled the consequences. The words may-be used 
 interchangeably. I-had to interline the word magnesia. 
 I-am in-communication with persons interested in-the 
 aforesaid reconstruction. In-compliance with-your re- 
 quest, I-will wait at-the intersection of-the roads. In- 
 conclusion, he-made intercession for-the self-willed and 
 uncontrollable culprit. In-comparison with-you, he-is 
 self-complacent and self-confident. Our pupils, in- 
 conjunction with-those in-the intermediate department, 
 gave an entertainment during-the intermission. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 Anecdotes of-the days of-our forefathers were inter- 
 mingled with -the reading of-the inscriptions. Your 
 kindness in interceding for me in-the interview is-not 
 unrecognized by me. This distinction is-a reward, in- 
 consideration of-your foresight, self-control, and deter- 
 mination. On-account-of an unconquerable dislike for 
 composition writing, George magnifies his task. Being 
 interrogated through-an interpreter, I-said that-the in- 
 vestigations of-the commission had-been uninterrupted. 
 The occurrence was so disconcerting that-the entertain- 
 ment was interrupted. I-will act \\\-conj unction with- 
 your friends in securing additional legislation, if-you- 
 will put me in-communication with-them. He enter- 
 tained us in-the interval with some revelations as-to-his 
 activities in-connection with-the enterprise. We-are- 
 compelled to admit that-his uncompromising noncom- 
 mittal attitude ivas-not unforeseen by-us, for we-had-the 
 foreknowledge given by experience. I-had some fore- 
 bodings of-the result of-this intercession, but my discon- 
 tent is none-(the)-less great. I-am-compelled to recon- 
 sider the prospective introductory step decided upon this 
 
266 PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 
 
 forenoon, I-am still unreconciled to-your disconnecting 
 yourself frptn-the firm by-such-a resignation. The 
 clause is incongruous with-the rest, and its introduction 
 as-a substitution is incompatible with-the aforesaid 
 agreement. I-could-not forbear to praise your playing 
 of-that interlude, tor it-was incomparably rendered. 
 In-consequence of-our interference, it-is incumbent 
 upon us to carry him beyond-fat intersection of-the 
 roads. In-compliance with-your disinterested sugges- 
 tion, I-have made-the respective interlineations and 
 corrections. If-the lines are produced until they inter- 
 sect, their junction will form an obtuse angle. The 
 figures in-the perspective are too large in-comparison 
 with-those in-the foreground. In-conclusion he intro- 
 duced the new president who spoke on questions of in- 
 ternational interest. He-is-a self-constituted critic. He 
 orders goods of-an intermediate grade. In-the usual 
 acceptation of-the words they amount to-a prohibition, 
 and are destructive of-our hopes. The disorganization 
 of-the party can-be prevented only by-the preservation 
 of unity among its representatives. The signification 
 of-the characters was-a revelation to-us. His publica- 
 tions show an imaginative nature. The acciisation 
 was that-the agent was too inactive. There-was-an in- 
 structive and exceptionally attractive display of farm 
 productions shown by-the new organization. The pub- 
 lication of-this report to-the exclusion of-ours, irrespec- 
 tive of-the orders of-the organization, is-an intentional 
 imposition. His words were instructive and set us 
 actively to work. My calculation was wrong by-a small 
 fraction. My affectionate aunt did-not notice the sub- 
 stitution. The business is in-a state-of disorganization 
 and degeneration. The notification comes to-the mem- 
 bers collectively. 
 
PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 267 
 
 LESSON LXXIX 
 
 Affix Signs 
 
 191. The following are examples of affix signs: 
 
 a. For ality, ility, arity, etc., the sign for the 
 last preceding consonant is disjoined. 
 
 ON c-X 
 
 \ \ / 
 
 frugality, formality, liability. 
 
 I \ r \ 
 
 K\ \ x o\^ disparity, popularity, prosperity. 
 
 legality credibility feasibility 
 
 prodigality instability regularity 
 
 rascality advisability irregularity 
 
 posterity expansibility plausibility 
 
 principality disability 
 
 sensibility responsibility 
 
 b. For ble, bly, B is joined when Bl cannot 
 easily be written : 
 
 X _ sensible, accountable. 
 
 forcible unrea-sonable irretrievable 
 
 tenable interminable(i8o.^) responsible 
 
 reasonable incontestable irresponsible 
 
 c. For cial, tial, SH is joined where SHI would 
 be inconvenient. 
 
 N 
 
 substantial, provincial. 
 
 presidential penitential credential 
 
 potential provid-ential confidential 
 
268 PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 
 
 d. You fore, for, F is joined, 
 therefore, therefor. 
 
 e. For ingly, a heavy slanting dash is disjoined 
 like ing-the. 
 
 knowingly, blushingly. 
 
 charmingly perseveringly ti'ustingly 
 
 amazingly. lovingly exceedingly 
 
 f. For mental, mentality, the ment is disjoined. 
 V,x-^ \s~^ fundamental, instrumental-ity. 
 
 monumental detrimental sacramental 
 
 supplemental ornamental elemental 
 
 Exercise 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 experimental sPr:Mnt consequential sKn-SH 
 
 reprehensible R-Prns-B governmental Gf:Mnt 
 
 patentable Pnt-B 3 .questionable Kn(2)-B 
 
 attainable Tn-B 3 unquestion- 
 circumstan- able-y N-Kn(2)-B 
 
 tial-ly sTn-SH3 inexcusable-y N-sKs(3)-B 
 
 capability K:B heretofore Rt-F 
 
 respectability Rs-P:B theretofore DHrt-F 
 
 indispensable Nds-Pns-B wherefore wR-F 
 
PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 269 
 
 Exercise Ij6. 
 
 His instability in business and his prodigality in-the 
 use of money are inexcusable and will-be detrimental 
 to-his-own interests. He-was sensible enough to under- 
 stand the advisability of making your popularity profit- 
 able to-himself. This piece of rascality is-a forcible 
 argument against the feasibility of-his being given any 
 governmental responsibility. Prosperity is possible in 
 any business wisely chosen and perseveringly followed. 
 She cares for her little brother lovingly on-account-of 
 his disability. I-shall trust to my incontestable right 
 and-the regularity and legality of-my claim. You-had- 
 the ornamental pieces charmingly arranged. There- 
 was-an amusing disparity between-the simple manner 
 of-the child and-the formality of-his words. Wherefore 
 is-it unreasonable to presume that you-have some liabil- 
 ity to error? Such conduct is reprehensible and you- 
 will-be held accountable for-this irretrievable loss since 
 you knowingly disregarded instructions. It-is reasona- 
 ble to hope that our object is attainable through his 
 instrumentality. He progressed amazingly in-the funda- 
 mental principles of-the subject. The frugality of-the 
 people theretofore was beyond credibility. Your zeal 
 is pardonable since his influence seems-to-be indispensa- 
 ble to-the success of-the presidential campaign. I-am 
 responsible for-the statement that-the device is patent- 
 able, though it-is now only in-the experimental stage. 
 He-was-a man of great capability and inflexible pur- 
 pose. He lay in-a state-of insensibility and-the arrival 
 of-the doctor seemed providential. Only circumstantial 
 evidence has-been brought in. He puts his answer in- 
 the potential mode. We-can get plenty of irresponsible 
 help but few conscientious and thorough workers. 
 
PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 
 
 Heretofore it-has-been very questionable whether his 
 respectability would save him from an exposure. 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 This supplemental report establishes unquestionably 
 his great capability. The expansibility of water by 
 heat made comprehensible the idea of-a steam engine. 
 I-am-compelled to admit that it-is-a monumental work 
 -which-will go down to posterity. The affectionate 
 child spoke pleadingly, and such austerity was unnec- 
 essary and therefore indefensible. He spoke so jest- 
 ingly of-the lamentable situation that I-felt at-once the 
 futility of placing any responsibility upon him. He- 
 has keen sensibilities and great vitality, and cannot-be 
 inactive. The accusation is that he-is too irresponsible 
 for-the position of commissioner. He-would laughingly 
 say that he-was amenable to no rules. He-gave a de- 
 scription of-the magnificence of-the fashionable scene. 
 He-had-a self -satisfied and consequential air, in-conse- 
 quence of-which his transgression seemed greater. I- 
 will-be responsible for-the legality of-these commercial 
 methods. Very alluringly he set-forth our prospects of 
 self-support and profitable business. The sad story of 
 unaccomplished duty was interspersed with penitential 
 sighs. He-had-the temerity to deny the plausibility 
 of-the stoiy and called it an imaginative production. 
 His generalizations are offered as finalities and ex- 
 pected to result in-the extinction of-all discussion. 
 Such brutality is-a most reprehensible transgression. 
 Your committee has well performed its function in-the 
 ornamentation of-the rooms, for all-the decorations are 
 attractive and pleasingly arranged. The child blush- 
 ingly received mv praises. A knowledge of-the fun- 
 damental principles of stenography are attainable in-a 
 short-time, but much practice is indispensable to profi- 
 ciency in-the art. The revolutionists say that this gen- 
 eration will see-the extinction or modification of many 
 things, and-the introduction of manv reforms in-connec- 
 tion with-the government. He received the dictionary 
 as-a reward for faithful study in common fractions. 
 
PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 271 
 
 The resurrection of-these destructive ideas has-been 
 productive of great harm. Only a small fractional 
 part-of the land has-such productiveness. Circumspec- 
 tion \vill-be used in-the introduction of-these corrective 
 measures. He sends a long account, descriptive of-the 
 ornamentation of-the building. They-ivill-\>e circum- 
 spect and conscientious, and will act ^-conjunction 
 with-us. I-am-compelled to-be in-communication with- 
 the aforesaid commissioners in making intercession for- 
 the culprits. The reports of-the amount of-the capitali- 
 zation are contradictory. These revolutionary aims are 
 incomprehensible to-him. The picture is good in color 
 and perspective. This gift to-the society is in-con- 
 sideration of-your collective effort. The function of- 
 this flexible steel is that of-a spring. In-compliance 
 with-your request I-will accept the aforesaid proposi- 
 tion. 
 
 LESSON LXXX 
 Affix Signs Continued 
 
 g. For ology, alogy, the J is disjoined: 
 
 ^5 -4- zoology, mineralogy. 
 
 Note. An added syllable is shown by joining its sign to the 
 disjoined J : 
 
 physiology phrenologist chronology 
 
 "philology phrenological chronological 
 
 theology ornithological genealogy 
 
 theologian etymology genealogical 
 
 anthropology etymological mythology 
 phrenology 
 
 //. For ship, SH is joined or disjoined: 
 S / I hardship, township. 
 
272 PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 
 
 friendship worship horsemanship 
 
 apprenticeship fellowship scholarship 
 
 guardianship partnership 
 
 i. For soever, sV is joined: 
 (/ \^ whosoever, wheresoever. 
 
 t: 
 
 j. For self or selves a small or a large circle is 
 joined or disjoined: 
 
 "\ myself, ourselves. 
 
 "^^O*^ 
 
 ~~N my own self, our own selves. 
 
 3o 
 
 himself yourselves own self 3 
 
 herself i your own selves one's self 
 
 k. For sameness, bleness. fztlness, and ings, a 
 small circle is disjoined : 
 
 V /-- 
 
 V^ I feebleness, lawfulness ; 
 
 irksomeness. doings. 
 
 teachableness faithfulness wearisomeness 
 
 serviceableness wakefulness burdensomeness 
 
 carefulness peacefulness tidings 
 
 watchfulness sinfulness blessings 
 
 /. For lessness. a large circle is disjoined: 
 
 _No 
 
 artlessness, baselessness. 
 
 _ _ 
 
 heedlessness listlessness carelessness 
 
 lawlessness harmlessness groundlessness 
 
 thoughtlessness heartlessness boundlessness 
 
PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 273 
 
 Exercise 757. 
 
 .( /I 
 
 ^o ( ( 
 
 <-/* J' A /" ^ 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 V-Q 
 
 o o 
 
 
 192. Words formed by combining two words are 
 
 written : 
 
 a. With the parts joined: 
 
 hereunto hefeon hereto hitherto 
 
 whereunto thereon whereto whereas 
 thereunto onto thereto 
 
 6. With the parts disjoined : 
 hereof thereof 
 
 c. With a hook for the second part : 
 herein hereinbefore whereof 
 
 therein hereinafter wherein 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 whatsoever what-sV thanklessness TH:ss 3 
 
 howsoever how-sV willfulness wL:s 
 
 whensoever' wN-sV skillfulness sKlrs i 
 
 wheresoever wR-sV ownership Nr(3)-SH 
 
 whomsoever whom-sV workmanship wRn-SH 
 
 whithersoever Wtr-sV questionableness Kn:s 
 
 doubtfulness Dt:s 3 wholesomeness L:s 3 
 
 usefulness S:s 3 lordship Rd:SH I 
 
 uselessness S:ss 3 helpfulness L-P:s 
 
 thankfulness TH:s 3 helpfulness 
 TAYLOR 1 8. 
 
274 PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 
 
 Exercise 158. 
 
 Hitherto we-have-had reports not onlyof thoughtless- 
 ness, but of lawlessness. We-were tracing our gene- 
 alogy to please our-own-selves. The schedule is at- 
 tached hereto and made a part hereof. He teaches 
 phrenology and makes phrenological charts. These are 
 the tidings whereto I-call your attention. As-a theo- 
 logian, he adopts the chronology of-the Old Testament. 
 The matter whereunto I-call your attention is herein- 
 after fully set-forth'. The partnership agreement herein- 
 before mentioned was thereto attached. Our signatures 
 were placed thereon. Let those who claim ownership 
 write their names hereon. His serviceableness is ad- 
 mitted, in any capacity whatsoever. Success may-be 
 secured to one's self by faithfulness and watchfulness of 
 details. Zoology and mineralogy are-not taught in-the 
 high school of-our township. We studied physiology 
 at-home by ourselves. He-will maintain the ground- 
 lessness of-all claims by whomsoever made. The use- 
 lessness of-the effort is apparent where such willfulness 
 is united to helplessness. I-was filled with thankfulness 
 for-the attempted usefulness in-spite-of the doubtfulness 
 of-its value. The burdensomeness of-the task is in-the 
 feebleness or lack of skillfulness of-the workers. The 
 questionableness of-the quality of-the workmanship was- 
 the cause of-our carefulness. It-is-no hardship to follow 
 you whithersoever you-may lead. The artlessness of-the 
 child and-the peacefulness of-the scene were-a source of 
 restfulness. He-is engaged in etymological and philo- 
 logical studies, a pursuit wherein he-is showing great 
 'interest. I-did-the work from-an unselfish motive, but 
 found therein blessings for my-own-self. Whenever I 
 look at-the universe of stars, I-am impressed by-the 
 boundlessness thereof. 
 
PREFIX AND AFFIX SIGNS 275 
 
 REVIEW. 
 
 This animal is noted for its teachableness and harm- 
 lessness wheresoever found. George has no-one but 
 his-own-self to blame for-the irksomeness of-this task. 
 The lawfulness of-his claim does-not lessen the weari- 
 someness of-his importunings. His thanklessness is 
 seen herein. He-is-an eminent phrenologist. I here- 
 unto attach my bond to appear whensoever his lordship 
 may command me. She-was studying-the etymology 
 of-the word. Howsoever he-might try, he-coulcl-not 
 overcome his listlessness. His carelessness and waste- 
 fulness in-the stewardship were hitherto unrebuked. 
 Such variableness on-your part will cause you to forfeit 
 their friendship and fellowship. The duties of-your 
 clerkship are hereinafter set-forth. Wherein do-the 
 signs of good workmanship and durability consist? The 
 reasons hereinbefore_/&//y set out are the points where- 
 unto your attention is called. These young men are 
 theological students. This-is-the statement of-my posi- 
 tion, and hereon I-shall stand. Therein you-may see-the 
 worthlessness of-this certificate of scholarship. They 
 came out onto the balcony. Mythology is-the subject 
 whereto his attention is now turned. Thev brought the 
 paper and I put my signature thereon. The study of 
 archaeology is fascinating, and my time is wholly given 
 thereto. The \e\.\.ers-patent are attached hereto and 
 made-a part hereof. He deplores the hatefulness and- 
 the endlessness of-the task. His blamelessness is now 
 fully established, whereas heretofore there-was some 
 doubt thereof. His acquisition of-the title in-the inter- 
 mediate time is beyond my comprehension, for it-was in 
 plain contradiction of-the contract. The supposition is 
 that-the drives will intersect here, but-the intersection is 
 really to-be at another place. It-is convenient that their 
 parts in-the entertainment can-be made interchange- 
 able. The wholesomeness of such companionship is un- 
 doubted. "All things were created by Him, whether 
 thrones, principalities or powers." 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS AND 
 TECHNICAL LANGUAGE 
 
 LESSONS LXXXI XCI 
 
 277 
 
LESSON LXXXI 
 
 General Review of Difficult Principles 
 Note. Unusual directions of strokes are not here indicated. 
 
 El, Ar, Shay : Alacrity, alma mater, arbitrator, ar- 
 mistice, arsenal, Elkhart (L-Krt), erasure, generously, 
 hospit-al, illimitable, illiterate, illumination, impartial- 
 ly, innocently, insanely, int-ensely, int-ently, irascible 
 ( 191^), sarcasm, irremediable, irrepressible, license, 
 linguist, Los Angeles, luscious, nutritious, remunera- 
 tion, renunciation, rheumatism, seizure, slavish, solar, 
 stereoscope, superstitious, ulterior, vivacious, when- 
 \\ ill-you. 
 
 Ses : Accessory, agnosticism, incessantly, intercessor 
 (Xt-ssR i), irresistible, metamorphosis, necessitate, 
 paralysis, parenthesis, paroxysm, persistence, resuscita- 
 tion, romanticism, sacerdotal, schismatic, scholasticism, 
 susceptible, suspension, suspicion, sustenance, synthesis, 
 vicissitude, witticism, inexhaustible. 
 
 Brief W and T (joined or in vowel position) : 
 Brunswick, bewitching, Emporia, Holyoke, loquacious, 
 quaver, queen, quintessence, quorum, quotient, sand- 
 wich, soliloquy, tranquil, twilight, twinkle, twirl, uten- 
 sil, utilitarian, Waukesha, wicked, wooden, zodiac. 
 
 H-tick: Hartford, hardware, humidity, hurdle, Hong 
 Kong, inhumanity, rehearsal, unhurt, harbor, herds- 
 man, herbarium, Herculean, hermetically, hermitage, 
 hexagon, hexameter, hireling, hominy, horoscope, hum- 
 bug. 
 
 279 
 
2So PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 Double Lengths: Alternately, amphitheater, be- 
 wilder, Centralia, centrifugal, centripetal, defaulter, 
 handkerchief, heterogeneous, hort-iculture, imponder- 
 able (191$), unalterable, instigator, lethargy, material- 
 ism, metropolitan, misanthropy, numerator, ostracism, 
 rafter, rapture, reporter, refrigerator, retribution, slum- 
 ber, spectator, squander, swelter, temperature, yonder. 
 
 In-hook : Insolence, insolent, unskillful, insobriety, 
 insulation, ensample, unsaddle. 
 
 Rel and Ler : Alertness, Burlington, Florence, 
 larynx, patrolman, pleurisy, spectacular, tabular, tem- 
 poral, thraldom, tumbler, valor. 
 
 Medial Hooks: Adherence, amendment, Bltiffton, 
 Bellefontaine, belligerent, Covington, coherence, coun- 
 tenance, Constantinople, cosmopolitan, Exeter, Harris- 
 burg, impervious, labyrinth, linseed, longitude, magis- 
 trate, masculine, melancholy, mercenary, miscellaneous, 
 misprint, mesmerism, Montpelier, oblivion, obviate, 
 panic, peevish, penury, prefix, prof-oundly, pron-uncia- 
 tion, sardonic, scandalous, simultaneous, subterranean, 
 Mediterranean, Macedonian, supervise, synonvmous, 
 St. Petersburg, transient, universal. 
 
 Broken Outlines: Aggregate, athletic, Colgate, cor- 
 rugate, narcotic, prepaid, octagon, probate, pulpit, su- 
 pernatural, wardrobe. 
 
 Unnatural Division or Suppression of Syllables : 
 Dero-gat-ory, disint-egration, emb-ezzlement, inart-icu- 
 late, inad-vert-ent, inel-igible, i-nert, iner-tia, in-estima- 
 ble, inord-inate, int-ensity, int-oxication, i-nure, invol- 
 unt-ary, jud-icious, mandat-ory, opt-imism, ord-inance, 
 pant-omime, partic-ipant, part-iciple, spont-aneity, stat- 
 ut-ory, stupend-ous, sub-ord-inate, u-nlawful, u-nrest, ' 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS. ETC. 281 
 
 u-nrighteous, ve-get-able, vent-ilation, verbat-im, vind- 
 icate, vind-ictive. 
 
 Abbreviation by Omission of One or More Conso- 
 nants : Bristol, Birmingham, Crawfordsville, domestic, 
 egotistical, enlistment, exhilaration, expostulate, Evans- 
 ville, Greensburg, Haverhill, Huntsville, ineffectual, 
 inherent, Jacksonville, Lawrenceburg, Logansport, lin- 
 guistic, Mohammedanism, perf-unctory, Pensacola, pro- 
 crastination, punctuation, sarcastic, stockholder, tasteful, 
 testimonial, transparent, whimsical. 
 
 Eshon: Indecision, inquisition, inter-position, natu- 
 ralization, neutr-alization, pensioner, polarization, pro- 
 cessional, pulverization, registration, requisition, solem- 
 nization. 
 
 Prefixes: Cognomen, counter-irritant, contra-stimu- 
 lant, circumfusion, circumvention, forsaken, incontest- 
 ible. incompressible, intermeddle, interstices, interroga- 
 tory, interstate, misconjecture, non-conductor, self- 
 existent, self-realization, uncontroverted, magna charta, 
 magniloquence. 
 
 Affixes: Malleability, municipality, originality, po- 
 tentiality, servility, tangibility, totality, versatility, vol- 
 ubility, invisible, prudential, boastingly, generalship, 
 penmanship, statesmanship, meteorology, phraseology, 
 psychology, technology, terminology, misgivings, trust- 
 fulness, lightsomeness, unwarrantableness, recklessness, 
 sleeplessness. . 
 
 EXERCISE ON MISCELLANEOUS PHRASING. 
 
 I-am-very-sorry when-I-am-told that you-may-regard 
 what he-is-said-(to)-have promised-us as beyond-reach. 
 I-am-sure-there-is-a claim that-can-be put in somewhere- 
 (or)-other, and \ve-may-as-well follow our-own-judg- 
 ment in-the-matter. With-my-information I-am-very- 
 
282 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 sure that you-are-wrong in speaking of-the gifts which- 
 are-sent in out-of-respect-(to)-you as things which- 
 are-of-no-value. By-all-ineans let-us-not fail to-have 
 such-as-can-do-so furnish-their money in-advance. We- 
 will-take-those which-are-said-(to)-be best. My-dear- 
 sister, to-all-appearance now, we ought-(to)-be-able-to 
 be with-my-friends as-soon-as we-desire. I-am-very- 
 glad we-declined to accept goods which-were-of-no-use. 
 They dismissed-us, and we-are-now beyond-recall, and 
 we-are-glad-of-it. Do-you-favor-the idea and will-you- 
 try to carry it-out (Tt 3) in-our-own-case? If-they 
 grant-us what-we-demand they-will appoint-us and send- 
 tis out to organize lodges in-all-sections. Success such- 
 as-would-(have)-been ours in-all-circumstances ought- 
 (to)-have-shown that I-was-right. You-are-right, but 
 we-dislike to insist on what-(is)-said-(to)-have-been 
 prohibited. 
 
 LESSON LXXXII 
 Principles of Abbreviation 
 
 193. Under the principles followed in the preceding 
 lessons, the abbreviation or contraction of outlines may 
 be extended indefinitely by the individual stenographer 
 (provided always that legibility is preserved). 
 
 This and following lessons contain additional words 
 whose outlines may be shortened by the omission of one 
 or more sounds. The italicized words are the ones to be 
 abbreviated. The abbreviated outlines may be verified 
 by reference to the list at the end of the book. 
 
 a. Contraction by the omission of k or g . 
 The exclamation of anguish roused me from my deep 
 abstraction. In extenuation of-my apparently inexpli- 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 283 
 
 cable conduct in failing to acknowledge the benefaction 
 immediately, I-must mention the multiplication of-my 
 duties as inspector. The governor bespeaks our help in 
 exterminating everything which-has-the aspect of resist- 
 ance to-the injunction. We-cannot secure the ratifica- 
 tion of-the estimates unless the superstructure is in- 
 destructible by fire. His mortification was great on 
 finding that-his qualifications for-the position were in- 
 sufficient. He displayed considerable constructive abil- 
 ity as-well-as a knowledge of electricity. His identifi- 
 cation as our benefactor was-a gratification to-us. The 
 electrician knew it-was-an infraction of-the rule, but he 
 refused subjection to any interdiction. The warden's 
 expeditious measures succeeded without the infliction 
 of severe punishments. He exclaimed with astonish- 
 ment on learning of-the falsification of-the accounts by- 
 the sanctimonious clerk. He-is-the personification of 
 enthusiasm and his extemporaneous address helped the 
 languishing cause. In retrospect extenuating circum- 
 stances may-be found. The poem was extemporized 
 in- a retrospective mood. In extemporary speeches he 
 frequently indulges in retrospection. He-gave a suc- 
 cinct account of-the causes of-the war with ^Mexico. 
 An exclamatorv sentence may contain an interjection. 
 In daily walks she sought distraction from her troubles. 
 The child is studying subtraction in arithmetic. It-was 
 fortunate that the expulsion of-the stragglers took-place 
 before the explosion. 
 
 b. Contraction by the omission of n. 
 What he-said was tantamount to calling us siuindlers. 
 They challenge me to find the legendary story repre- 
 sented in-the frontispiece. The old man stood near the 
 tenement with-his grandchild and-a large Newfound- 
 
284 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 land dog. He-will-have charge of-the administration 
 of-the estate and-the transfer of-the property. He-will 
 recite the translation as-an atonement for-his nonsense. 
 His use of technical nomenclature amounts to pedantry. 
 I-am no challenger of-your ministerial methods. The 
 scoundrel had enjoyed the -patronage of-the victim of- 
 his swindling scheme. All-his merchandise is standard 
 goods. Thenceforward he-was engaged in sedentary 
 occupations. There-is-some antagonism to-the new 
 gymnasium. They dignify the new minister with-the 
 title of "doctor." He thought it a dignity to-be a 
 spendthrift (sPt-THrt). 
 
 c. Contraction by the omission of r or /. 
 There-is-some discrepancy in-their accounts of-the 
 
 disagreement. The meaning of-the demonstration was 
 obscure. The manuscript contained some nondescript 
 characters, whose meaning was unintelligible to-the 
 ordinary intellect. The property in New Jersey was 
 irrecoverable. Your indulgence in bad temper is be- 
 coming intolerable, and may cause your downfall. He- 
 was working in differential calculus. For-this patient he 
 prescribes wine, but for me he proscribes its use. It-will 
 simplify the mechanism in-all-respects (Nls-Ps) to 
 make-the bar revolve on-a pin. It-is permissible to 
 superscribe the title. I-sign-myself yours-truly, J. H. 
 Mansfield, of Knoxville. This will exemplify how 
 rapid the intellectual development may-be. 
 
 d. Contraction by the omission of t or d. 
 
 His boastful language may deceive-a trustful nature. 
 She thought the pestilence might-be stayed by priestly 
 interference. The breastpin came through-the post- 
 office, postpaid. They-had tin soldiers behind-a paste- 
 board breastwork. We-are-glad-(to)-know that up- 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 285 
 
 (to)-date they-have instituted no inquiries in-reference- 
 (to)-that textbook. He-is-a descendant of Christopher 
 Columbus. I just-now met Vestal on-the doorstep, and 
 he-is ready to adjust-(the)-matter. Lastly, you-are to 
 add the alum crystals. In-reply-(to)-yours of-this-date, 
 I- will-say that he-has traveled the whole civilized-world, 
 and I-trust-that his lecture will-be interesting. 
 
 LESSON LXXXIII 
 Principles of Abbreviation Continued 
 
 (See 193.) 
 
 e. Contraction by the omission of h : 
 They-are down- hearted, fear ing- the annihilation of- 
 
 the army in-the hazardous fight. With vehemence they 
 deny that they uphold the enemy. They-will remove 
 from Wheeling to Terre-Harite, Indiana. I faced the 
 hazard of mishap on-his behalf. People of-this sort 
 inhabit the town to-which the vehicle is bound. The 
 brave company upheld the banner until annihilated to- 
 the last man. Their vehement words disclaimed respon- 
 sibility for-these haphazard arrangements. The speci- 
 men was preserved in alcohol. 
 
 f. Contraction by the omission of p or b . 
 The subpoena is-a peremptory command. Thompson 
 
 says the telescope room was empty. Such-an ascription 
 was unjust to me, and brought me into contempt. Your 
 offer is very tempting. 
 
 g. Contraction by a combination of two or more 
 of the above methods. (Omit the italicized consonants.) 
 
 He showed me-the superscription on-the envelope 
 
286 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 and-the memoranda inside. The druggist will fill the 
 prescription. I-was ready to make-a subscription. 
 Common-sense will clear away all-this mys/i fixation and 
 sentimenta/ism. Such careless use of-my microscope is 
 very repreAensib/e. The report of-the work in-that 
 pes/ilentia/ region will require some simp/ifiVation. He 
 says he-can make-a sufficient discrimination in language 
 by-the use of Anglo-Saxon (NG-ssN) alone. This ex- 
 penditure (sPt-Tr) is-an exemp/ification of what I-said. 
 His forehead was broad and low. The number of 
 pages I-have to transcribe is overwhelming. Virginia 
 is in North- America. The transcript of-the evidence 
 shows that-the elements were antagonis/ic. I-am, yours- 
 very-tm/y, E. A. Canfie/d, genera/-manager. 
 
 h. Contraction by an unusual division, or bvthe 
 suppression of one or more syllables. (Omit svllables 
 indicated by italicized vowels.) 
 
 The journey by land was pred-etermined (Prt-Trnt) 
 for she-had-a prejudice against voyaging on-the Atlant- 
 z'c-Ocean. The child had-an ambz'tion to cross the 
 Pacif-zc-Ocean. He-was so ambz'tious to prove his int- 
 egrity that he-went beyond-the jud-zcious limit. We- 
 will overt-ake him in-the ant-eroom where some-(of 
 the)-finest pictures are. The authent-icz'ty of-this deed 
 is certain and it ant-edates your contract. They part- 
 ake of-my bounty to-a prod-z'gious extent. He mastered 
 the whole category of studies some-time-ago (sMt-M-G). 
 
 i. Contraction by the omission of final sylla- 
 bles. 
 
 The memorandum shows my share to-be very infini- 
 tesz'/wa/. By conservative concessions an equivalent 
 may-be retained and-the pecuniary entanglewe;// re- 
 duced to-a minimum. His biographer writes that he- 
 
PRINCIPLES. EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 287 
 
 was disliked for-his officious and ost-ent-ati0?Ay behavior, 
 lie-had nothing to say in-the assem6/y den-uncia/e>ry of- 
 the democracy. The benevolent old man is perpetz/#//y 
 (110) seeking opportw/zzYz'^s for-his philanthropy (3). 
 The derangement may end in some malignant (i) dis- 
 ease. This journey and-the study of-the topograp&y of- 
 the country will-be beneficial to-him. I-have 5rrefrag#3/ 
 proof of-the essential facts. His implac<7^/e anger needs 
 no nourishment. I-felt an instinctive repugnance to bring- 
 ing together elements so dissimilar (i). I- was indignant 
 ( i ) at-his surreptitiously replen&Aing-his glass. Hoping 
 for-a legacy they endure his aristocra/z'c idiosyncracies. 
 The Ycsembtance shown in-the phot-ograph suggested 
 the idea of infringement. The time is auspicious (i) 
 for- the testing of-your agricultural theories. The work 
 of-the architect has-been of immeasura6/e value. He- 
 was ind-efatzY^/ in-his efforts. He-was hypocritical 
 in saying there-was no ignominy (i) in the situation. 
 Your punctuality in furnishing-the geographies/ and as- 
 tronornicat notes is commendable. The hierogly^/'c/ 
 inscription is very fragmentary (3), and therefore its 
 meaning is problematz'ca/ even to experts. I-shall make 
 this md-emmVy (i) contingew/ on-his success. Hoping 
 for-a favorable answer, I-am, 
 
288 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 LESSON LXXXIV 
 
 Principles of Abbreviation Continued 
 
 (See 193.) 
 
 j . Contraction by extending the halving princi- 
 ple as applied to phrases, as in of-it, it-had, etc., already 
 given. 
 
 A stroke halved to add otight takes first position ; to 
 add had or would, third position ; to add it or to, the 
 position of the stroke-word. (On straight strokes have 
 when it occurs is usually shown by a v-hook, instead of 
 being omitted.) 
 
 //-0z/g^/-(to)-be understood z^z'/-has-been well ex- 
 plained. It-ought-not-(to have)-been left here or it- 
 ought-(to)-have-\vA&-z. cover. It-ought-not-(to)- have 
 delayed any-one for it-ought-(to)-have-been done yes- 
 terday. Such-ought-not-(to have)-been (sCHnt-Bn i) 
 the case for there-ought-(to have)-been (DHrt-Bn i) 
 an answer. It ought-(to)-have your attention and thev- 
 oag"///-(to)-be notified. She-ought-(\.o have)-been in- 
 vited, and she-ought-(to have)-had time enough given 
 her. This-is-a matter which-OHght-(to)-haveyourcn.v&. 
 This-is a duty r which-ought-not-(\.<.^-\^e. neglected when- 
 it-is (wNts i) left to-you. This-is-a debt which-ought- 
 (to)-have-been paid. Be-it known that those wlio- 
 have-been solicited for aid are willing to give-it, and 
 will-be benefited by-it. It-~vould-be. impossible to wait 
 for-it. If-you-want-the house while-it-is-not (wLts- 
 Nt i) rented, you-can have-it. Jr/bry-zV-not-be that//;<?y- 
 ivould think-it unfair? They-would-not-know (DHnt- 
 N 3) that such-had-been (sCHt-Bn 3) your orders. 
 \-think-it could-not-(have)-been my book -which-had- 
 the mark in-it. Martha saw-it for there-it-was (DHrt-Z) 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 289 
 
 in plain sight, and s/ie-/iad-been waiting for-it. Will- 
 zV-not-be difficult to interest them in-it? \-think-it-\s- 
 not-a gift ivhich-%vould-have-been acceptable. It-is-a 
 matter which-would-V>c much discussed where-it-is-not 
 (\vRts-Nt) understood. All have-had time enough. 
 ft-~MOiild-have-\ieen impossible to ship-it if-you-had de- 
 cided to take-it earlier. Is-this delay likely-to (L-Klt) 
 cause trouble? 
 
 k. Contraction by the joining of hooks . 
 Blanchard will inspect the work of-the mandrel. 
 They-will penetrate further into-the canebrake. The 
 parts of-the box were dovetailed together. The rain- 
 drops may break the flue of-the lantern. They-were 
 hunting reindeer in-the north. The scoundrel w r as 
 found in Leaven~uoorth. Is-his work at-the roundhouse 
 better-than-you-expected ? They-have round-trip tick- 
 ets. Your-own-words are a panegyric. 
 
 I. Contraction by the use of intervocalization 
 where no initial hook appears. 
 
 The children were blindfolded. They-were playing 
 in-the cornfield. They-live in Plainjield. This-is 
 tenfold more beautiful. Mansfield will endure (Ntr) 
 no reproof. The vowel is sometimes useful in entire. 
 
 m. Contraction by the further use of the ses 
 principle. 
 
 It-is-as-t\\e justice- of- the -peace (Jss-Ps) tells-us. 
 2"ours-is-the name she gives-us. This seems-as thor- 
 ough as-such work can-be. He takes-his vacation this 
 month. He manages-his pleasures according to his- 
 circumstanccs. \i-\\e-docs-his work well we-will raise- 
 his wages, \i-is-set-forth in-a-way to convince-us that 
 
 TAYLOR 19. 
 
290 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 he pays-his debts. His-stiggcstion has-something of 
 value. They oppose-his views and lose-his good-will. 
 It-is- sufficient that-his cause-is just. \\.-is-sometimes im- 
 possible to excuse-his methods. \\.-has-seemed less-cer- 
 tain since-his arrival. 
 
 n. Contraction by the further use of the loop 
 principle. 
 
 It does-their business good to increase-thcir employes' 
 wages, because-there-is a greater interest. To oppose- 
 their wishes will-test-their (Tstr) temper. If he leaves- 
 it again against-their will, they- will- not pass-it by so 
 lightly. He thinks-it impossible to convince-their father 
 that-a grocery-store would pay, since-there-is one near- 
 by already established. They-will lose-their wages 
 unless-there-is time to post-their books to-day. I-fear 
 they-will ivaste-their effort to reducert/ietr-accoimt if-he- 
 goes-there now. How-much time-is-there? Are-we 
 a I most-there? ^N\\^i-advantage-is-there in-a change 
 tinless-they . replace-their desks with new ones? Of- 
 course-there-is no objection to any desk ivhich-is-there 
 now. 
 
 o. Contraction by the use of triple-lengths. 
 
 Ask him -whether-there-is any hope of-a rising tem- 
 perature. They-will order-their goods by letter. They 
 center-their energies in-the business to ftirther-their- 
 own interests. They scatter-their books and litter-their 
 desks with papers. 1-zuonder-t/iere-is-not-a crowd ready 
 to tender-their services. If-this truth should enter-thcir 
 minds, it-would shatter-their hopes. They-must rcnder- 
 thcir accounts and surrender-their posts. They-are- 
 thcre now discussing English literature. 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 291 
 
 LESSON LXXXV 
 
 Principles of Abbreviation Continued 
 
 (See 193.) 
 
 p. Contraction by the further use of hooks for 
 words in phrases. 
 
 I for-one shall thank him for-all-\\\s kindness to-all- 
 0/-us iM-our-lnurry, if-all-others refuse to acknowledge 
 it. At-our request let Phillips have-all the books left in- 
 tw/'-possession packed in-one box tf/-0/--near-that-time, 
 and shipped at-our-expense. Though-all-our attempts 
 fail z'-0z/r-haste, I still shall-o-uun that-one having more 
 time might, after-all, succeed. y4/-<?r-about-that-time 
 he promised rt^-0//r-suggestion to pay on-or-beiore Janu- 
 ary first a sum which-would z'/2-0#r-judgment be right. 
 All-have-\)een postponed until on-or-about December 
 first, though at-one-\\me we-thought they-would be 
 finished by November. 
 
 q. Contraction by the further use of the circle 
 with a hook. 
 
 e-the drain upon-his means by thus living 
 above-his income that he-may lose-his-property. Such- 
 are-the-indications that-his misfortune or perhaps his- 
 failure is-rcally inevitable. His-children wish to-have 
 Judge Morris, his-brother made his-guardian. George 
 says such tfre-the-facts ; and that .yz/c/J-are-his-intentions 
 is clear. His-part in-the transaction is-merelv that of-a 
 friend, because-his love for his father is-great. Such- 
 / rtrrr-(the-con)ditions, and 5?/<://-zt'^r?-his-reasons, as- 
 #e<7/-(ly)-as-(I)-can-judge. He-would-be as-gtad-as 
 any-one if sttc/i-ivere-not-the case. The gift is refused 
 ior-your-oivn-sake. He-has-do tic-tits work well and 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 taken -his pay.' The way he takes to pro-cc-his position 
 is-by-all standards unfair. 
 
 r. Contraction by the use of a large hook on 
 TH and DH for have or of in phrases. 
 
 7^hey-have deserved nothing for thev-have-ne\ev tried. 
 7*/iey-/iave-gone away and they-kave-been gone a long 
 time. They-are-(to)-have-\\. as-soon-as-t/iey-/tave paid 
 for-it. T*hey-~ivill-have-no\\}'mg to-do with-it. We-will- 
 think-of-tins, for \\e-think-of -\\&\'mg some building 
 done soon. We-wou\d-t&irt&-of-tAeir plan, but thcv- 
 have-never seen fit to explain-it. 
 
 s. Contraction by the further use of the in-hook 
 and the eshon-hook. 
 
 I-am in-sympathy with your views in-some-(m)easi/rc, 
 though I-cannot adopt them in-express-terms. Though 
 I-shali-be in-some-ot/ier-place during-the next-session, 
 I-will-be with-you in-spirit. I- was interested in-his- 
 expressions of pleasure used in-his-descriptions given 
 at-the last-session. In-his-solicitude for-an extra-session 
 he-has passed in-some-degree (in-sM-Gr) the litnit> ^\ 
 prudence. In-his-great excitement at-the first-session. 
 he-did tn-some-cases forget his duty. He-says that in- 
 his-cxperience he-has found it best to proceed in-his- 
 usita/-way. In-his-exami nation of-the desk before-the 
 night-session, he found the papers in-somewhat greater 
 disorder than he expected. He exclaimed in-his-sur- 
 prise that another-session was to-be held. In-his-carc 
 for-your interests he-did in-some-instances leave the 
 room while the meeting was in-session. He spoke at- 
 the regtilar-session in-his-grave and measured tones, 
 and no-one has-been willing to put an obstacle in-his- 
 ivay, either then or at-/ /its-session. 
 
PRINCIPLES. EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 293 
 
 /. Contraction by the further use of the princi- 
 ple of proximity for com and con. 
 
 I-must-r0#fess that I-am-not-co/ztent, but I-will-not- 
 rtwplain if I-can-ro/ztrive some-other way. \Ye-arc- 
 rcwvinced that in-all-his-rcwplaints he attempts to 
 hinder the action we-rertwwend. We-will-re>//tinue on- 
 this line though \ve-m ust-cewf ess it-has-not our approval. 
 They-think \ve-will-ffwpromise though-their offer does- 
 not-ro/ztain what-we-demand. I-cannot-c<?wplain smce- 
 the property was sold with-my-own-<%wsent. We-will- 
 rf//fess that you-are-right, and we-will-ccwtrive to-do 
 as-you-say. 
 
 ?/. Contraction by the extension of the phrasing 
 with the inverted you. 
 
 I-scnd-yoii some catalogues to-day, and sJiouId-vou- 
 have need of more, please order them. Should-you-fiid 
 it to-your advantage, I-hope-you-will call at-our office 
 when -you-can. Should -yo2i-ioidcrtake-ti\e business, 
 write me -uohen-you-know /loiv-yoit-wtlt proceed. Sho?//d- 
 you-6e-\\}\\ing to undertake the work, I-know-you-can 
 succeed. 
 
 LESSON LXXXVI 
 
 Punctuation and Other Marks 
 202. Marks are sometimes needed as follows: 
 
 a. The dash, \ ; placed across the line 
 
 because the stenographer sometimes wishes to insert it 
 after its place is passed in the writing. 
 
 b. Parentheses, \ . The usual signs 
 
 '/ 
 
 too much resemble shorthand characters. 
 
294 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 c. Hyphen ^, needed occasionally. 
 
 d. Paragraph sign, Q, ; needed only when the 
 
 writer has gone too far to show the paragraph by inden- 
 tation. 
 
 e. Italics, 
 
 f. Applause, 
 
 g. Laughter, 
 
 h. A written d indicates doubt, where the 
 writer has not understood a word. Sometimes the 
 vowel only is heard, in which case the marked vowel 
 should be written in longhand. In reading, thrs vowel 
 with the context will usually suggest the correct word. 
 
 i. For reference marks to matter to be inserted 
 at some point farther back, a circle with a number 
 inside may be used, placing the same mark at the point 
 of insertion. 
 
 j. Notes of the writer's own or interruptions 
 from the audience should be enclosed in brackets, or, if 
 short, they may be entirely encircled by a line. 
 
 k. A horizontal wavy line indicates an interrup- 
 tion and unfinished sentence; also a blank space left for 
 the insertion of a name or date or any other matter. 
 
 /. A row of shorthand periods indicates the 
 omission of a part of a quotation. 
 
 ///. Where it is desired to preserve the fact of 
 the speaker's contraction of words, the apostrophe may 
 be placed above the shorthand sign. 
 Read and transcribe the following: 
 
 (For first sign third line see 194.) 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 295 
 
 Sentences from Lincoln's Speeches. 
 
 
 '/ 
 
 "- ^Ya C 
 
296 
 
 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 \ 
 
 J_ 
 
 L . .1 Co 
 
 <Y ' N X A \^ j X f. 
 
 \\ 
 
 r 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS. ETC. 
 
 297 
 
 LESSON LXXXVII 
 
 Reporting Expedients 
 
 The amanuensis needs all the principles used by the 
 reporter. The student who has completed the lessons 
 and practiced the exercises of the book to this point, is in 
 possession of a style of shorthand writing which comes 
 little short of that used by the reporter. He is capable 
 of writing at a high speed, and his notes have the ad- 
 vantage of the greater legibility, gained by the use of 
 group-consonant signs and of phrasing. Here are added 
 a few further expedients, by which the verbatim writer 
 raises his speed to the requirements of the fastest speak- 
 ing. The amanuensis may make use of some of them 
 to advantage. There follow also a few suggestions on 
 technical language, which may help the stenographer 
 who is preparing for woi'k in any special line of business. 
 
 194. Outlines of long words or of long names fre- 
 quently occurring in the same matter may be shortened 
 by writing one part across another (indicated by +), 
 as in the following examples: 
 
 nevertheless N+V 
 
 notwithstanding N+T 
 
 in controversy 
 bankrupt 
 bankruptcy 
 hand-writin 
 
 N+Tr 
 
 B-NG+P 
 
 B-NG+P 
 
 First National Bank 
 Metropolitan Trust Co. 
 Board of Public Works 
 Western Union Telegraph Go. 
 Buildiiur and Loan Association 
 
 son ill-law sN+L 
 
 brother-in-law Br+L 
 
 father-in-law Ftr+L 
 mother-in-law Mtr+L 
 sister-in-law ssTr+L 
 daughter-in-law D-Tr+L 
 
 first-N+B 
 Mtr+Tr 
 Brt+wR 
 \Vst+K 
 
 Blt+SH 
 
29^ PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 Savings and Loan Association sV+SH 
 
 American Express Co. Mr+sPr 
 
 Agricultural Department Gr+D 
 
 Railway Postal Service Rl+P 
 
 Civil service examination sVl + sM 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association NG-Mn+SH 
 
 Young Women's Christian Association NG-wMn+SH 
 
 Young People's Society of Christian 
 
 Endeavor NG-KrnfDf 
 
 Society for the Prevention of Cruelty 
 
 to Animals ssT+Pr 
 
 The mortgage is held by-the Metropolitan Trust 
 Company. The report of-the bankruptcy came through 
 the office of-the Western Union Telegraph Co. His 
 son-in-law has-a position vvith-a building and loan asso- 
 ciation. Notwithstanding his protests, the board of 
 public works ordered the improvement. It-is indeed 
 late, but we-must-go nevertheless. The handwriting of- 
 his father-in-law was in controversy in-the suit of-the 
 First National Bank. The business is wholly bankrupt. 
 My sister-in-law is a stenographer for-the American 
 Express Co. He-will take the Civil Service examination 
 for-a position in-the Railway Postal Service. He-is-a 
 member of-the Young Men's Christian Association, and 
 president of-the Young People's Society of Christian 
 Endeavor of-our chm - ch. The case was referred by my 
 daughter-in-law to-the Society for-the Prevention of 
 Cruelty to Animals. 
 
 195. Phrases repeating a word may be abbreviated 
 bv writing the principal parts close together or connect- 
 ing them, and omitting the rest of the phrase. 
 
 a. With "and" or "by" the signs are placed 
 side by side. 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 299 
 
 b. With "from to" they are placed near each 
 other, the last a little lower than the first. 
 
 c. With "after" they are joined, or written one 
 below the other; but when they are straight strokes of 
 the same direction the f-hook may be used to represent 
 after. 
 
 He waited for-us hour-(after)-hour, while we-were 
 looking for-him (from) house (to) house. They spend 
 year-(after)-year traveling (from) place (to) place, but 
 will reach home by (and) by. I-saw him (from) time 
 (to) time, as he-went (from) town (to) town. He-was 
 at-his place-(of)-business week (after) week, but -lie 
 grew worse day (by) day. Knowledge increases year 
 (by) year as-it passes (from) man (to) man. Day- 
 after-day I-saw-them pass (from) street (to) street, 
 walking side (bv) side. History must-be rewritten 
 (from) generation (to) generation, almost (from) year 
 (to) year. Week (by) week the business grew in 
 importance and he-sent me reports (from) day (to) 
 day. He-went (from) point (to) point in-his argument, 
 taking up book (after) book and seeking proof (from) 
 page (to) page. The road has been repaired (from) 
 end (to) end, and we-(have)-been going (from) 
 station (to) station inspecting-the work. Boat-after- 
 boat crossed the stream (from) shore (to) shore. The 
 terror deepened (from) hour (to) hour and-the people 
 ran (from) door (to) door seeking comfort from one- 
 another. They walked (from) room (to) room ex- 
 amining-the exhibits one (by) one. 
 
 196. Or and and may be omitted in common phrases 
 by writing the last word under the first. Also J/c in 
 names may be represented by an M written over the 
 rest of the word. 
 
JOO PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 McNabb wrote a day or two ago for-an answer yes or 
 no. McDonald may stay two or three months. We- 
 shall-be here a week or so, for we-must hear from good 
 and bad alike. One or more of-the members recorded 
 the yeas and nays on-the first-(and)-second ballots. 
 McBride was passing up and down the street, and in 
 and out of-the houses all-day. McDermott was-an out- 
 and-out republican a year or two ago. 
 
 197. Ing-there may be abbreviated by lengthening 1 
 the clot into a short tick continuing the direction of the 
 final stroke. 
 
 He-was waiting-there for some-one. They-are go- 
 ing-there each spring for-(the)-purpose of selling-their 
 wares. They-are leaving-their partners with -the hope 
 of running-their business alone. They-were arrang- 
 ing-their affairs before buying-their new homes. They- 
 are casting-their money in and taking-their chances. 
 They-are always arriving-there too late and losing- 
 their opportunity. 
 
 198. Ing may be indicated by writing the following' 
 word or syllable close to the part preceding the ing. 
 Or, it may often be omitted altogether. 
 
 Is-he carrying out his plans without seeing you? I- 
 hope he-is making no mistake in so doing. He-is 
 making it impossible by engaging them this evening. 
 Acting on-yotir suggestion he was giving attention to 
 buying up property in Bowling Green. I-was talking 
 with him while he-was laying this pipe. Reply(ing- 
 to)-yours let-me-say that he showed-a willingness to go. 
 
 199. Of the or to the may be shown by writing 
 words close together. 
 
 The name (of the) hero was on-the wall (of the) 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 301 
 
 tower. He objects (to the) evidence because it-i:,-no 
 proof (of the) claim. When-the jar was sent (to the) 
 house it-was full (to the) brim. The importance (of 
 the) subject compelled the head (of the) department to 
 seek the facts (of the) case. He stepped (to the) front 
 and spoke (to the) people on-the subject (of the) strike. 
 The verdict (of the) jury secui'ed me-the full value (of 
 the) property. The result (of the) trial was satisfactory 
 (to the) defendant. The origin (of the) evil was-not 
 in-the freedom (of the) press. 
 
 200. Skeleton writing may be resorted to under high 
 pressure. Prepositions, articles, verbs and other words 
 necessary to the sentence may be omitted and supplied 
 in making the transcript. 
 
 Example: Roof house all consumed before fire 
 discovered impossible save building very dry weather 
 house burned ground short time. 
 
 201. Where an expression is repeated in close connec- 
 tion, a long dash may be substituted for the repetition. 
 
 Example: No attempt has been made to defraud 
 them, no attempt has been made to mislead them, or 
 even to keep them in ignorance of our purpose. 
 
 LESSON LXXXVII1 
 Technical Language 
 
 203. Special kinds of discourse should be practiced 
 by the reporter; and such practice is of value to any 
 stenographer desiring to engage in a particular line of 
 amanuensis work. 
 
 The following lists present examples from classified 
 vocabularies. Further matter for practice may be found 
 
3O2 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 in technical books, descriptive catalogues, etc., and 
 these lists may be extended indefinitely. 
 
 ARCHITECTURE. 
 
 (See first hint lesson 91.) 
 
 Abutment, architrave, baluster, balustrade, banister,* 
 bush-hammered, chamfered, collar-beam, corbelled, 
 dentils, entablature, finial, flashings, frieze, gargoyle, 
 girders, grille, groined, grouted, lavatory, lintel, loggia, 
 Mansard, mortise, mosaic, molding, mullion, newel, 
 ogee, parquetry, pedestal, pilaster, plinth, purlins, quar- 
 ter-round, risers, rubble, scantling, scotia, spandrel, 
 stringers, tenon, terra cotta, threshold, T-iron, tongued 
 and grooved, transom, trimmers, troweled, vestibule, 
 vitrified, wainscot, washers, water-table, weatherboard- 
 ing, well-hole. 
 
 ELECTRICITY. 
 
 Accumulator, alternator, ammeter, ampere, annun- 
 ciator, armature, candle power, cathode, coefficient, 
 commutator, condenser, conduit, controller, converter, 
 demagnetize, dynamic, dynamometer, dynamo, elec- 
 trode, electrolysis, equalizer (i), galvanic, galvano- 
 meter, generator, illuminator, incandescent, induction 
 coil, kilowatt, ohm, ohmmeter, polarity, radiators, 
 rheometer, rheostat, static, storage, switchboard, ther- 
 mostat, transmitter, volts, voltage, vulcanized, watt. 
 
 INSURANCE. 
 
 Accrued interest, actuary, appraisal, arson, assignor, 
 assurance, beneficiary, casualty, cyclone, dividend, for- 
 feiture, hazardous, inflammable, insurability, insurer, 
 issuance (3), lightning, longevity, maturity, mortality, 
 mortuary, policy, premium, pro rata, proviso, realty, re- 
 coverable, reversion, semi-annual, tontine, underwriter. 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 303 
 
 MEDICINE. 
 
 Abscess, anaemia, anaesthetic, astigmatism, atrophy, 
 bronchial, bronchitis, bacteriology, cardiac, cartilage, 
 cerebral, congestion, contusion, convalescent, convul- 
 sion, diagnosis, diathesis, diphtheria, eczema, emacia- 
 tion, epilepsy, hemorrhage, hypertrophy, idiopathic, 
 inoculation, inflammatory, inflammation, influenza, 
 laryngitis, ligature, lymphatic, maxillary, medicinal, 
 melancholia, meningitis, microbe, opthalmia, paresis, 
 pathology, sciatic, sensory, strabismus, thorax, trache- 
 otomy, tuberculosis, typhoid, vaccination, vivisection. 
 
 MECHANICS. 
 
 Anvil, bevel-gear, buffer, cam-wheel, clamps, coun- 
 ter-balance, drill press, eccentric, escapements, flange, 
 governor, gudgeon, hydrostatic presses, knuckle-joint, 
 pile-driver, pinions, pulley, ratchet-wheel, screw-bolt, 
 semaphore, steam-gauge, swivel-joint, tilt-hammer, 
 washer, windlass, winch. 
 
 RAILROADING. 
 
 Bill of lading, collect on delivery (C. O. D.), con- 
 signee, consignment, consignor, deadhead (D. H.), 
 derail, east-bound, embankment, en route, excursion, 
 free on board (f. o. b.), gondola, locomotive (L-K-M), 
 mileage, overcharge, perishable, preferred stock, side- 
 track, sidings, stop-over, tariff, terminals, time-table, 
 tonnage, tourist, tracer, traffic, transatlantic, transconti- 
 nental, transit, trestle, vestibuled train, via, way bill 
 (W. B.), west-bound. 
 
 Note. Where the name of a railroad is frequently repeated, 
 an arbitrary sign should be invented for it. (See 194.) 
 
 Atchison. Topeka & Santa Fe ; Baltimore & Ohio; 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy; Cleveland, Cincinnati, 
 Chicago & St. Louis (Big Four); Lake Shore & Mich- 
 
304 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 igan Southern ; Michigan Central ; Missouri Pacific ; 
 New York. Central & Hudson River; New York, 
 Pennsylvania & Ohio (Xyp & O). 
 
 LESSON LXXXIX 
 Technical Language Continued 
 
 LAW. 
 
 Adjudication, allegation, appellant, appellee, appur- 
 tenances, attestation, averment, betterments, bona fide, 
 caveat, chancery, codicil, collateral, complainant, con- 
 tributory negligence, decedent, defalcation, demurrer, 
 deponent, devisee, disclaimer, easement, ejectment, 
 equitable, escrow, estoppel, et al., executor, executrix, 
 fee simple, garnishee, guarantor, guarantee, guaranty, 
 habeas corpus, hereditament, hypothecate, hypothetical, 
 indefeasible, in re, in rem, in statu quo, incumbrance, 
 interlocutory, judiciary, jurisprudence, jurat, juror, lien, 
 litigation, malfeasance, mandamus, ouster, overrule, 
 parole, per se, prima facie, procedure, promissory, 
 quasi, quo warranto, recognizance, referee, replevin, 
 replication, requisition, res gestae, respondent, statute, 
 statutory, stipulation, surrebutt-al, surrogate, testator, 
 testatrix, testamentary, tort, tro-ver, usury, venue, ver- 
 sus, waiver, warranty, witnesseth. 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION. 
 
 actionable Kshn3-B cross-examined Krs-Mnt 
 
 administrator D-Ms-Trtr direct examina- 
 administratrix tion Drs-Mn 
 
 D-Ms-Trt-Ks defendant D 
 
 assignable Sn-B indenture Nd-Ntr i 
 
 constitutionality .stTshn-T plaintiff P 
 
 jurisdiction Jrs-Dshn prejudicial Pr-Jt-SH 
 
 recollect R severally sV-T 
 
 cross-examina- 
 tion Krs-Mn 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 305 
 
 PHRASING. 
 
 justice (of the) peace 
 
 party of the first part Prt-first-P 
 
 party of the second part Prt-sKnt-P 
 
 I will ask you L-sK 
 
 I will ask you to state L-sK-sTt 
 
 in this state N-DHs-Tt 
 
 at all times Tit-Ms 3 
 
 in reality Nrl-T 
 
 anyhow N-poid I 
 
 until after Tlftr 3 
 to the best of my recollection Bs-Rshn 
 
 Legal papers of all kinds should be practiced, in or- 
 der to become familiar with their peculiar phraseology. 
 Below are given a few samples : 
 
 WARRANTY PEED. 
 
 THIS INDENTURE WITNESSETH, That Lawrence M. 
 Kellogg of Marion county, in the state of Indiana, 
 conveys and warrants to Arthur Trowbridge of Marion 
 county, in the state of Indiana, for the sum of four 
 thousand dollars ($4,000), the receipt whereof is 
 hereby acknowledged, the following real estate in 
 Marion county, in the state of Indiana, to-wit: Lot 
 number ten (10) of Johnson's subdivision of lots five 
 (5) to fourteen (14), inclusive, of Fisk's addition to 
 the city of Indianapolis, subject to the taxes and assess- 
 ments of the year 19... 
 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, The said Lawrence M. 
 Kellogg has hereunto set his hand and seal, this day 
 
 of 19- . 
 
 (Seal) 
 
 TAYLOR 2O. 
 
306 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 BOND. 
 
 KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, That William 
 Brown, of the county of Montgomery and state of Indi- 
 ana, is held and firmly bound unto the 
 
 Building and Savings Association, of the county of 
 Montgomery and state of Indiana, in the sum of three 
 thousand dollars ($3,000), to the payment of which, 
 well and truly to be made to said Association or its suc- 
 cessors, he binds himself, his heirs, executors, adminis- 
 trators and assigns, firmly by these presents. 
 
 Sealed with his seal, and dated this . - day of 
 
 I9-" 
 
 The condition of the above obligation is such that if 
 the above bounden William Brown, his heirs, executors, 
 administrators or assigns, shall well and truly pay or 
 
 cause to be paid to the above mentioned 
 
 Building and Savings Association, or its successors, 
 
 on or before , the just and full sum of a 
 
 loan of three thousand dollars ($3,000) this day to him 
 made, together with interest on said sum . . . then 
 this obligation to be void, otherwise to remain in full 
 force and effect . . . 
 
 (Seal) 
 
 AGREEMENT. 
 
 THIS AGREEMENT, made and entered into on this 
 
 the day of 19.. by and between Aaron 
 
 S. Crane of county, state of , of the 
 
 first part, and the Railway Com- 
 pany, of the second part, 
 
 WITXESSETH : 
 
 THAT, W^HEREAS, The party of the second part is 
 proposing to construct, operate and maintain an electric 
 line from the city of to the town of , 
 
PRIXCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 307 
 
 and desires to procure a right of way for the said rail- 
 way through the land of the said party of the first part: 
 Xow. THEREFORE, Said party of the first part, in 
 consideration of the benefits accruing to him from 
 the construction of said road and the payment of one 
 dollar ($1.00) by the said party of the second part, the 
 receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, hereby agrees 
 
 And it is further expressly stipulated and agreed that, 
 should said railroad cease to be kept as a railroad, then 
 said right of way of land shall revert to said party of 
 the first part, his heirs or assigns, said party of the 
 second part reserving the right in case of the reversion 
 of said land and right of way to said. party of the first 
 part, to remove all of its said railroad materials consti- 
 tuting the said line within six months of the re-entry of 
 said party of the first part 
 
 IN WITNESS WHEREOF, The aforesaid parties have 
 hereunto set their hands and seals this ---- da of 
 
 
 (Seal) 
 
 Bv.. 
 
 
 j-V 
 
 President. 
 
 Secretary. 
 
 
 Attest 
 
 EVIDENCE. 
 
 204. In reporting the testimony of witnesses in court 
 it is found convenient to commence every question at 
 the beginning of a new line, and to keep answers a little 
 way from the beginning. Each answer also should take 
 a new line unless very short. The following extract 
 illustrates this mode of taking evidence. The form of 
 transcript is shown in the Reading Key. 
 
308 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 f ^ 
 
 U 5 <\ -^x 
 
 V y J, 
 
 >L 
 
 V ' .X 
 
 J 
 
 V c 
 
 \o 
 
 > s v ' \ 
 
 1 X 
 
 86 
 
 opi < 
 
 \ 
 
 / x" 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 309 
 
 Exercise on Testimony. 
 (Introducing more phrases.) 
 
 What-is-(your)-name ? William Stewart. 
 
 Where-(do you)-reside? In Freeport. 
 
 How-long (have you) lived-there ? As-near-as-(I)- 
 can-remember I-have lived in-this-state twenty-three 
 years and in-this-city about ten. 
 
 What-is-(your)-business? I-am-a manufacturer. 
 
 Are- you the defendant in-this-action ? Yes-sir. 
 
 I-call-your-(att)ention to-an interview you-had in 
 September with-the plaintiff. Do-you-recollect-that? 
 I-do(n)'t-remember the exact-time. 
 
 I-will-ask-(you to)- state -whether -(or)- not you -re- 
 member having-a conversation with him in Freeport at- 
 anv-time. Yes, but I-am-5nclined-(to)-think it-was 
 later-than September. 
 
 In-order-(to)-give-you an opportunity to refresh- 
 (your) - recollection, with - your - per(mis)sion I - will - . 
 show-you a contract that-was-made at-that-time. You- 
 may-recall-that? I-do, and I-am (con)vinced by-the 
 date (of the) contract. 
 
 Do - you - acknowledge now that -the (con)versation 
 was in September? Yes-sir. 
 
 You - are -very- sure of -it, are -you -not? Yes, and 
 wi(th)-reason, since (i)n-almost every page the date is 
 repented. 
 
 Do-you-remember whether-(or)-not any matter-(of)- 
 importance was talked-of in-that (con)versation ? I-re- 
 member we-talked-of several-matters such-as-are usually 
 considered important, but it-is absolute(ly)-imposs,ible 
 for me to fix upon any-one as more-important than- 
 another. 
 
 Well, in-(the)-first-p(l)ace, in -the ( conversation 
 
3IO PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 \vith-the plaintiff at-that-time, didn't-you-speak-of your 
 expectation of-a gift of money from-an uncle in Kansas- 
 City which-might reach as-high-as (s-toid-s) $5,000? 
 I-may-(have)-done-so. 
 
 You-must-(have).-been rather (con)scious (of the) 
 expectation at-all-times. Was-it-not in-fact one-(of 
 the)-most-important things you talked-of-there? Well, 
 it-was one-(of the)-most-important circumstances of-my 
 life at-that-time, but I-was-not talking of-it to every-one. 
 
 Even if-such-is-(the)-case, is-it-not likely-to-(have)- 
 -been talked-of between you-and-the plaintiff w'no-was 
 one-(of the)-best friends you-had up-(to)-that-date? 
 I-may-(have)-said something-(or)-other to-him in-re- 
 gard-(to the)-matter, or referred to-it in-some-way- 
 (or)-other but I-do-(n)ot-remember-it now. 
 
 You-may-not-remember-the circumstances (of the) 
 case, as-it-has-not-been recently in-your-mind, but, with- 
 your-(att)entiOn called to-it now, in-order-(to)-under- 
 stand the matter, I-will-ask-(you to)-state-(to the)- 
 court whether-(or)-not you-did in-fact have-a (con)ver- 
 sation with-the plaintiff on-this-subject. Do.all-you-can 
 to-recall-it aiid take your-own-time to answer. As-it- 
 has-been so long-ago my remembrance in-the-matter 
 is-not clear, but I-think-it-was talked-of. 
 
 You-are-certain-of-it, are-you-not? I-am-very-certain 
 that-the plaintiff spoke-of-his-own expectations. 
 
 What-reason had-he for-it? What-information had- 
 you given him? Well, in-order-(to)-accommodate-you 
 I-will-say I-am-very-certain I-told-him of-my expecta- 
 tions. 
 
 On-that-particular-occasion ? I-didn't-say-that. 
 
 Here-is-a letter of-recent-date which I-wish you-would 
 identify. It-is-myletter. 
 
 To-whom? To my brother-in-law. 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 3!! 
 
 In-that letter do-you-not use this language: 
 
 " I-wish-the bosses (of the) Democratic-party here 
 would haste n-their affairs along and finish-their-business 
 with B., in order-that we-might receive what-was prom- 
 ised-us. While-they-try-to work against-us they-are, 
 in-reality, working for-us. With-my-money and with- 
 my-influence I-intend to bring things to-a crisis soon. 
 We-will-try-to keep S. B. quiet anyhow until-after-the 
 election. He-says he-is out-of-patience and it-is-his- 
 intention to sue. When-he-was in Freeport in-Septem- 
 ber I-feared that such-were-his-intentions, and so I-in- 
 formed-him then that-my uncle had promised to-do 
 spmething for me, and that I-hoped-(to)-have-informa- 
 tion 5n-a week (or) two that-the promise was to-be 
 carried out at-once." 
 
 What-say-you to-that? To-whom does the S. B. 
 refer? I-suppose-it was Silas Benton. 
 
 The plaintiff in-this-case ? I-presume-so. 
 
 Don't-you-know-it ? Yes-sir. 
 
 In-order-(to)-be-certain, look at-the letter again, and 
 state-(to the)-court definitely whether-(or)-not-the S. B. 
 referred to in-that-letter is-the Silas Benton who-is-the 
 plaintiff in-this-case. Yes-sir, he-is. 
 
 Then you-did-have-a (con)versation with-the plaintiff 
 in-September at-the-time of-his-visit-there in-regard-(to)- 
 your financial expectations from Kansas-City? Yes-sir. 
 
 That-is-all. 
 
 (No objections of counsel or rulings of court are here 
 introduced. When they occur, or when papers, etc., 
 are introduced- in evidence, the fact must be noted, and 
 a full statement of it should appear in the transcript. 
 See court records for examples.) 
 
312 
 
 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 LESSON XC 
 Technical Language Continued 
 
 RELIGION. 
 
 The student should practice the names of the books 
 of the Bible and Scripture proper names, and should 
 write Bible language, as well as matter from religious 
 periodicals and sermons. In writing Bible references, 
 the number of the book may take the first position, the 
 chapter the second and the verse the third, in whatever 
 order these may be given. The following abbreviated 
 words will be found useful : 
 
 ABBREVIATION 
 
 AND POSITION. 
 
 
 almighty 
 
 all-Mt i 
 
 Holy Ghost 
 
 H-Gst 3 
 
 angel 
 
 Jl 
 
 Holy Scripture 
 
 H-sKr 3 
 
 archangel 
 
 R-Ji 
 
 Holy Spirit 
 
 H-sPrt 3 
 
 archbishop 
 
 R-CH-B 
 
 irreligion 
 
 R-Jni 
 
 baptism 
 
 B-Ps-M 
 
 irreligious 
 
 R-Js i 
 
 baptist 
 
 B-Pst 
 
 Jesus Christ 
 
 Jss-K 
 
 baptize 
 
 B-Ps 
 
 Jesus of 
 
 
 benediction 
 
 Bn-Dshn 
 
 Nazareth 
 
 Jss-N 
 
 Catholic 
 
 K-TH 3 
 
 Kingdom 
 
 K i 
 
 Roman Catholic R-K-TH 
 
 Kingdom of 
 
 
 ecclesiastic-al 
 
 Kl-ssT 
 
 Christ 
 
 K-Krst i 
 
 evangelical 
 
 V-N-J 
 
 Kingdom of 
 
 
 celestial 
 
 sL-sL 
 
 God 
 
 Kf-Gt i 
 
 hath 
 
 TH 3 
 
 Kingdom of 
 
 
 hast 
 
 St 2 
 
 Heaven 
 
 K-Vn 
 
 holy 
 
 H 3 
 
 Lord 
 
 Rd i 
 
 holier 
 
 H-R 3 
 
 Methodist 
 
 M-THtst 
 
 holiest 
 
 Hst 3 
 
 Methodist 
 
 
 holiness 
 
 H-Ns 3 
 
 Episcopal M-THts-P 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 New Testa- 
 
 
 sectarianism 
 
 sKt-sM 
 
 ment 
 
 Ntst 
 
 skeptic-al-ism 
 
 sK-Pt 
 
 Old Testa- 
 
 
 thee 
 
 i 
 
 ment 
 
 Ldst 
 
 thy 
 
 i 
 
 orthodox 
 
 R-TH-D 
 
 thine 
 
 i 
 
 Presbyterian 
 
 Prs-Bn 
 
 thyself 
 
 DHsi 
 
 regeneration 
 
 R-Jshn 
 
 thou 
 
 3 
 
 Rev. 
 
 R-V 
 
 thou art 
 
 DHrt 3 
 
 Rev. Dr. 
 
 R-V-Dr 
 
 thou art not 
 
 DHrnt 3 
 
 sanctity 
 
 sNG-T-T 
 
 thou hast 
 
 DHst 3 
 
 sanctify 
 
 sNG-F 
 
 thou wilt 
 
 DHlt 3 
 
 salvation 
 
 sLshn 
 
 verily 
 
 Vr-L 
 
 Exercise. 
 
 The text is from-the Old Testament. He-will-not be- 
 lieve, though an archangel from celestial realms should 
 speak. He-is-a member of-the Methodist-Episcopal 
 church. Albert received a copy of-the New Testament 
 for faithful attendance at-the Methodist Sunday-school. 
 He-is-a Catholic and holds a high ecclesiastical office, 
 that of archbishop. The Evangelical Alliance under- 
 takes to determine what-is orthodox. The Rev. -Dr. 
 Brown will-be present at-the dedication of-the new Pres- 
 byterian church. The sanctity of-the house is profaned 
 by-the irreligious. His irreligion and skepticism are 
 deplored. The reverend gentlemen were discussing- 
 the subject of baptism. There-is-a Roman-Catholic 
 church and-a Baptist church in-the town. He teaches 
 that regeneration is-the condition of salvation. He 
 preaches the kingdoin-of-God. He-says the book of 
 Isaiah is full of references to-the kingdom-of-Christ. 
 " Canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection?" 
 " Hast-thou perceived the breadth of-the earth? De- 
 clare if thou knovvest it all." 
 
314 PRINCIPLES. EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 "Thou-art become cmel to me; I-know that thou- 
 wilt bring me to death. Behold, in-this thou-art-not 
 just." 
 
 " Sanctify thyself and come with-me to-the sacrifice." 
 
 "And Peter said unto them, Repent and be baptized 
 every-one of-you in-the name of Jesus-Christ for-the 
 remission of sins, and ye-shall receive the gift of-the 
 Holy Ghost." 
 
 "Another angel came and stood at-the altar." 
 
 'Philip findeth Xathanael and saith unto him. We- 
 have found him of whom Moses in-the law and-the 
 prophets did write, Jesus-of-Nazareth, the son of 
 Joseph." 
 
 "How-much more shall your Heavenly Father give 
 the Holy -Spirit to-them that ask him." 
 
 "It-is your Father's good pleasure to give you the 
 Kingdom." 
 
 "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is-the king- 
 dom-of-heaven. " 
 
 "But when thou doest alms, let not thy left-hand 
 know what thy right-hand doeth." 
 
 "The day is thine, the night also is thine; thou-hast 
 prepared the light and-the sun." 
 
 "Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of-the 
 elders?" 
 
 "He-had promised by-his prophets in-the holy-scrip- 
 tures." 
 
 'Wherefore the law is holy, and-the commandment 
 is holy, just and good." 
 
 "A people . . . which say, Stand by thyself, 
 come not near to me, for I-am holier-than thou." 
 
 "And after-the second veil the tabernacle, which-is 
 called the holiest of-all." 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 315 
 
 "Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without 
 which no man shall see-the Lord." 
 
 "Verily, verily, I-say unto thee, we speak that wc-do 
 know, and testify that we-have-seen." 
 
 LESSON XCI 
 
 Hints for General Practice and Practical Work 
 
 To students working without a teacher the following- 
 suggestions may be of value. They refer only to the 
 note-taking. For forms of transcript the student should 
 consult a work on typewriting. 
 
 HOW TO WRITE NEW WORDS QUICKLY. 
 
 Ill the experience of every writer new words occur. 
 But the longest word, from the standpoint of phonetics, 
 is merely a string of syllables. Any stenographer can 
 write a single syllable instantly. Therefore he can 
 write the longest word quickly. An awkward outline 
 may result, but it will be legible if it represents all the 
 sounds in the word. Many long words will suggest 
 their best outlines at the first writing. For those which 
 do not, a better form can be thought out afterwards and 
 practiced for future use. The following words will 
 illustrate. Write them one after the other as rapidly as 
 possible, putting down syllable by syllable as pro- 
 nounced. 
 
 procrastination rehabilitation 
 
 reverberatory tetrahexahedral 
 
 thaumaturgical thermomultiplier 
 
 patriarchism miasmatical 
 
 lexicographical ineffectualness 
 
 emancipationist disproportionateness 
 
 depopulator chronogram m a tical 
 
316 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 Examine the outlines to see if any may be improved. 
 In every dictation in which strange words occur, take 
 them down m this way and by later practice bring them 
 into the familiar vocabulary. 
 
 THE SECRET OF SPEED AND ACCURACY. 
 
 The student who has practiced all the exercises in 
 this book has now in his mind thousands of word forms, 
 the writing and reading of which have become a second 
 nature. After finding the best outline for a new word 
 the stenographer should always use the same form. 
 The amanuensis in any special line of business should 
 master its peculiar vocabulary as quickly as possible. 
 The general reporter must hesitate at nothing whatever. 
 To know word-forms well, so that they can be written 
 instantly without thought and recognized at sight, is the 
 secret of speed in writing and of accuracy in reading. 
 
 HOW TO INCREASE SPEED. 
 
 Up to this point speed has not been a special object 
 with the learner, but a smooth, quick hand should 
 already have been unconsciously acquired. Let a news- 
 paper article be read aloud, not too fast, but steadily, 
 at a pace which will keep the stenographer working 
 hard. The writer should not permit himself to lose 
 a word. The arm should move freely, and the hand 
 should hold the pen with an easy grasp. Otherwise 
 the muscles will soon become tired. This habit should 
 have been already well fixed. Touch the paper with a 
 light stroke, skimming along from one word to the next 
 without any lost motion. When new words occur, take 
 them as above directed, and go right on. Do not let 
 the mind dwell on what has been written, but give the 
 whole attention to the word in hand. A divided mind 
 retards speed ; and if each word is made plain all 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 317 
 
 will be legible. If an error is made mark it out; never 
 erase. After writing for three to five minutes, count 
 the words and take the average per minute. Go through 
 the whole of the shorthand, examining, improving and 
 practicing outlines if there have been new ones, and 
 then rewrite the article. Decide what rate of speed you 
 wish to attain, and continue to practice the same article 
 until that speed is reached. Then take another article 
 and proceed in the same manner. Read everything. 
 Practice resolutely in this way until new matter can be 
 written at the desired rate of speed. Ordinary dictation 
 ranges from 90 to 150 words per minute. Business 
 letters and circulars, legal papers, newspaper articles 
 and books will supply material. 
 
 HOW TO TAKE DICTATION. 
 
 Write as directed in the last paragraph. The stenog- 
 rapher should be quiet in his movements so that the 
 dictator may not be disturbed in his thought. Have 
 sharp pencils, or fountain pen, and note book always 
 ready. Turn leaves quickly and without noise. If a 
 word is not understood, put a cross in the margin to 
 mark the place, and when the dictation is finished, or at 
 a suitable pause, ask what it was. When the dictator 
 stops to think, the stenographer may glance back over 
 his notes, and make an outline more perfect here or 
 there, place more vowels, try to recall a lost word, or 
 put in punctuation marks. Legibility must be kept in 
 mind constantly. Every new word must be sufficiently 
 vocalized. The time can be made up on familiar 
 matter. 
 
 HOW TO READ SHORTHAND. 
 
 The student will already have learned that shorthand 
 cannot always be read word by word like print. The 
 
3x8 PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 
 
 signs depend to some extent upon the context for their 
 interpretation. Therefore, in reading notes aloud, the 
 eye should glance forward along the lines some distance 
 ahead of the spoken words. In this way the sense will 
 be gathered before the words must be pronounced. 
 Such reading will sound as smooth as the reading of 
 print, though it requires closer attention on the part of 
 the reader. In reading for transcript, the same method 
 should be used. Then, if a word is not recognized at 
 sight, analyze it; tha.t is, pronounce the represented 
 sounds in close succession. If it defies analysis, recall 
 your common errors and test whether the sign has been 
 correctly made. If still not clear, read the sentence 
 with particular attention to the meaning, and try to sup- 
 ply a word that will make sense. A synonym will often 
 suggest the correct word, which can then be verified in 
 the sign. If it is impossible finally to read the word, 
 after patient trial, and the dictator is absent, the stenog- 
 rapher must supply a word which will convey the mean- 
 ing. It is sometimes necessary for the stenographer to 
 correct the language of the dictator. 
 
 REPORTING. 
 
 This is simply stenography raised to its highest power. 
 Here absolutely no quarter is given to the writer. He 
 must take the words at whatever rate the speaker may 
 choose. He must go on and on. An immense amount 
 of practicing must be done before the stenographer can. 
 trust himself to do general reporting. He should be 
 familiar with the whole of the last chapter of this book, 
 and should write miscellaneous matter on almost every 
 subject. The amanuensis who has the patience to take 
 the training of a reporter can command the highest sal- 
 ary. A good knowledge of English is of course essen- 
 
PRINCIPLES, EXPEDIENTS, ETC. 319 
 
 tial, and no knowledge comes amiss to the reporter. 
 He should practice on real speeches, sermons, conven- 
 tions, evidence, etc., reading or transcribing everything 
 he writes. 
 
 The ability to attain the necessary speed may be 
 tested by writing longhand from dictation as rapidly as 
 possible, and yet legibly. If one can take down 175 or 
 more characters (letters or figures) in longhand in a 
 minute, he can probably reach the necessary speed for 
 reporting; for the strokes used in a single longhand let- 
 ter are often equivalent to several words in shorthand. 
 
 The ability to write any word without hesitation, to 
 read when there is an imperfect representation of sounds 
 or none at all, to keep the attention alert and let nothing 
 escape observation, to relax the hand without missing a 
 word or dropping the pen, to keep the mind intent on 
 the speech to be followed, in the midst of a jargon of 
 tongues, is essential to the most unpretending reporter. 
 But all this and more is possible to ambition and perse- 
 verance, if one has the natural qualifications -a firm 
 will-power, strong concentration, enduring nervous en- 
 ergy, quick movements, a quick comprehension and a 
 fine sense of language. 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 Peach, pick peck, back Beck, pipe, teach, top, 
 deep, take, cheap, check, cake, keep, catch, cage. 
 
 3 
 
 Thick, sheep ship shop, shake, path, both, push, 
 bush, fife, faith, thief, thieve, sheaf, shove shave, 
 sheath, sheathe. 
 
 5 
 
 Like look, life, live leave, also, Louis, lily, lame, 
 Laura, Elihu Lehigh, make, many -money, among, 
 Mary, Mayhew Omaha, neck knock, name, Nora, 
 ink, king, ripe, rich reach, wreck rock, roof rough, 
 rush, ring wrong, awake, honey, delay daily, jelly, 
 zeal, Tom, fame, shame, China, avenue, dairy, jurv, 
 theory thorough, depth, deputy, beneath, memory, 
 period, shipwreck. 
 
 7 
 
 Move, map, month, cash, mimic, victim, fac- 
 tory, Jacob, liked looked, game, gem, refuge, agency, 
 Gothic, engage, manage, magic, bank, shank, rank, 
 busy, dizzy daisy, chaos, Chicago, rough roof, 
 nymph. 
 
 9 
 
 Shall Bessie have him manage your baggage? Will 
 Jessie think them long enough? Which package was 
 for Rebecca? Your company shall take no advantage. 
 Dora saw them go together along your avenue, 
 Fannie make change for Matthew? 
 
 320 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 321 
 
 Are they, do they, have it, have they, for him, for it, 
 for them, for which, for vour, it may, it may have, 
 it was, shall be, shall have, they have, they mav, they 
 say, they shall, was it, which may, which was, will be, 
 will they, may have, may they. 
 
 Your publisher will make no advantageous ar- 
 rangement before January. They neglect no public 
 engagement. Your English company will manufac- 
 ture nothing before November. Your knowledge will 
 especially help your management. Your name will 
 forever be familiar. Your New York legislature will 
 never acknowledge your right. They may represent 
 your New Hampshire company February 5. 
 
 '5 
 
 Tom may be writing for your committee. They may 
 be going into camp. It may be your commentary. 
 They may be condemning your saying. Having no 
 cash, they may continue writing for money. 
 
 '7 
 
 Bee, tea, eat, kev, eke, fee, eve, sea, ease, Lee, eel, 
 ill, knee, inn, ink, image, reap, rip, wee, peach, pitch, 
 ring wring, pithy, cheap, chip, keep, Kitty, vim, 
 theme, sheep, ship, leap, lip, meek, Minnie, sheaf, 
 pity, Lizzie, myth, limp, reedy, needy. 
 
 Pay. ape, aid, day, Ed., edge, ache, egg, fay, lay, ail 
 ale, ell, aim, nay neigh, way weigh, ray, hay, bake, 
 Beck, decay, epic, effigy, wretch, tame, deck, game, 
 
 TAYLOR 21. 
 
322 KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 gem, fame, fetch, cake, keg, dairy, bury berry, lady, 
 Lettie, Jerry, levy, vary, ferry, namely. 
 
 21 
 
 Bah, la, fa, ha, ash, am, Emma, Abbie, agony, balm, 
 Adam, damp, calm, camp, thatch, sham, attack, lamb, 
 patch, nap, Hannah, tap, apathy, Alva, rang, amity, 
 famish, fathom, becalm, anatomy, mammoth, camera, 
 adage, vanity, matinee. 
 
 2 3 
 
 Paw, taw, jaw, off, odd, saw, awl, olive, balk, lock, 
 wrought, rod, Pawnee, Polly, jolly, shop, knotty, 
 knock, mock, pomp, comma, dodge, dock, moth, shock, 
 Gothic, rock, foxy, embody, comic, nominee, botany, 
 concoct, demagogue, Choctaw. 
 
 2 5 
 
 Low, oath, oak, go, obey, echo, joke, coke, foam, 
 thumb, depot, wrung, muff, buggy, dump, numb, 
 below, funny, domino, evoked, monetary, monkey, 
 locate, Kokomo. 
 
 27 
 
 Ooze, shoe, canoe, doom, nook, booth, push, loop, 
 move, loom, cook, tooth, entomb, bamboo, ambush, 
 Tippecanoe, uncouth, Altoona. 
 
 29 
 
 Isaac, item, pipe, tithe, dime, chime, pike, like, lime, 
 knife, coy, ahoy, noisy, joy, toy, annoy, couch, gouge, 
 mouth, Howe, view, dew, hue hew, eschew, juicy, 
 few, eon, Genoa, Judea, payee, Leah, boa, cocoa, 
 poesy, Vienna, piano, Moab, laity, Deity, gaiety, naiad, 
 heroic, Miami, boyish, Jewish, ruin, Messiah, bayou, 
 dewy. 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 323 
 
 3 1 
 
 Each will own she saw us in July. Though they see 
 no use for it, they may buy it and take it away. She 
 was allowing no outlay of money a month ago. If 
 they use my knowledge at Albany in any way, how 
 shall they pay for it? By which common road, if any, 
 will they come out? Will they issue the check in my 
 name ? 
 
 33 
 
 Why had they no wish to be at home at any time? 
 The young lady will thank us, and be happy if she may 
 have charge of teaching any language. Was she ever 
 wholly busy in anything of importance ? They hope 
 the timely outlay of two thousand dollars in advertising 
 will help much to enlarge and improve the manufac- 
 ture. The fact was they had given the usual or average 
 length of time to bookkeeping. 
 
 35 
 
 Isaac ought to be willing to have us come to him 
 to-day or to-morrow. How many of them will Ida buy 
 of me? Who had your map of Iowa on which Leo 
 and Isaac should be busy together all day? Renew 
 and keep to your ideal, which should be your object 
 now and all your life. How much of your idea should 
 they deem altogether new? Ida was in fact asking who 
 should be on your committee, although she already 
 knew. It should be highly important to them, however, 
 to know how long they may be talking together. They 
 may be in time to go to Rocky Height by way of my 
 newly improved highway. 
 
 37 
 
 I do, I had, I have, I hope, I judge, I know. I never, 
 I see, I say saw, I was, I wish, I shall. I think. 
 
324 KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 I am may, I may be, I may have, I may say, I will, 
 I will be, I will do, I will say. 
 
 I come came, I go, I should, I should be, I should 
 judge, may I, do I, was I, if I, have I, shall I. 
 
 39 
 
 By the, hope the, if the, for the, have the, think the, 
 in the, of the, all the, to the, on the, should the, how 
 the, take the. 
 
 At the, had the, which the, see the, was the, use the, 
 may the, or the, but the, shall the. 
 
 By a, be a, hope a, if a, for a. have a, think a, shall 
 a, in a, take a, of a, to a, on a. 
 
 At a, had a, which a, see a, was a, use a, may a, or 
 a, but a, and a, and the, & Co. * 
 
 Buying the, buying a, having the, having a, doing 
 the, doing a, seeing the, seeing a, showing the, showing 
 . a, owing the, owing a, knowing the, giving a. (The 
 a in above phrases may be read and.) 
 
 4 1 
 
 Ripe, orb, wreck, argue, racy, Ursa, rash, Irish, 
 Raleigh, earl early, Aurora, arid, reach, urge, earthy, 
 aroma, roomy, rhyme, revive, orphanage, heirloom, 
 area, row, arrow, Erie, array. 
 
 43 
 
 Cherry, fairy, fair, infer, inferior, Ezra, sower, 
 sherry, shower, Laura, lower, error, curry, ivory, Peru, 
 Maria, Myer, Myra, Murray, Emory, hero, abhor, rear, 
 roar. Avery. 
 
 45 
 
 Lock, elk, limb, alum, limp, Ellery, lobe, alto, latch, 
 Elihu, Lehigh, lunch,- lynch, lasso, althea, lobby, alight, 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 0-3 
 
 oolong, loathe, lovely, Elvira, link, Albino, lilac, lul- 
 laby, logic, Albany, almanac, Alabama, litany. 
 
 47 
 
 111. ally, Eli, folly, fuel, vowel, valley, vial, mellow, 
 zeal, Powell, aureole, waylay, royal, hollow, Howell. 
 tallow, dial, jewel, jelly, rally, commonly, Lowell, 
 lowly, Lola, Lillie, lull, loyal, continual-ly, wrongly, 
 kingly, Longley, Gaelic, loyalty. 
 
 49 
 
 Tissue, dish, dash, fish, lash, Lucia, Elisha, shell, 
 Shellev, shallow, sham, shame, bushy, gash, shabby, 
 sheathe, mesh, gnash, famish, thievish, lavish. Letitia. 
 Theodosia, ash, showy, shoe. 
 
 53 
 
 Peas peace, bees, toss, toys, oats, Otis, conduce, 
 juice, chose, ages, edges, choice, case, gaze, guess, 
 aches, gas, ashes, shoes, thaws, face phase, efface, 
 fees, views, vows, gnaws, nice, noise, ounce, alms, 
 muse, Hayes, raise race, rise rice, rouse, debase, 
 deduce, invoice, annoyance, ominous, famous, pathos, 
 noxious, factious, cactus, covetous. 
 
 55 
 
 Sip, sap, sob, spy, seat, seed, sought, side, stay, soda, 
 sage, siege, sky, sake, soggy, sack, sieve, Seth. scythe, 
 seize, cease, sash, sing, sang, sung, song, snowy, sunny, 
 psalrri, sum some, sway, sacks, stays, spies spice, 
 signs, science, suffuse, sadness, speedy, speech, skip, 
 Scotch, skim, spike, savage, civic, spacious, suffocate, 
 symphonv. 
 
 57 
 
 Upset, bestow, passive, baseness, absence, spasm, 
 dozen, di>mav, dusk, disease, chastise. Jessup, chosen, 
 
326 KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 Atchison, exude, Saxon, sketches, gossip, cask, oxen, 
 gasp, gazette, visit, visage, musty, mask, massive, un- 
 seen, museum, unsafe, husk, unmask, namesake, maj- 
 esty, knapsack, vouchsafe, thickset, gvpsum, damson, 
 keepsake, venison, damask, pastime, Pacific. 
 
 59 
 
 Lesson lessen, listen, Lawson, Allison, Alaska, 
 nicely, Leslie, search, serve, seriously, vassal, sear 
 sere, sour, assessor, misery, loser looser, Ellis, Alice, 
 alas, arrows, arose, resign, arsen, axle, resume, officer, 
 sincere; resource, laxity, rapacity, apparatus, dissolve, 
 refusal. 
 
 61 
 
 Pieces, bases, basis, spaces, teases, doses dozes, 
 tosses, juices, chooses, axes, axis access, guesses, 
 gazes, voices, effaces, fuses, thesis, theses, assesses, 
 masses, Moses, ounces, nieces, senses, census, leases, 
 roses, houses, recess, Sussex, saucer, Caesar, scissors, 
 Cecil, Sicily, Cicero, sausage, incisive, suspicious, syn- 
 opsis, exercise, capsize, stoicism, asceticism, hypothesis. 
 
 63 
 
 Paused, past passed, stoop, stab, dust, teased, stout, 
 stood, chest, joist, ghost, gazed, stack, stick, vast, fist, 
 stiff, stove, zest, assessed, loosed, lost, style, stole, mast 
 massed, moist, steam, stamp, nest, noised, sting, 
 stung, roused, rust, story, stare stair, store, waste 
 waist, west, yeast, housed, hist hissed, spaced, spiced, 
 suffused, sophist, psalmist, agonized, text, thickest, 
 fenced, fixed, mixed, enticed, deduced, digest, evinced, 
 infest, storm, stirrup, amethyst, stage-coach, stellar, 
 molest, staunchest. 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 327 
 
 65 
 
 Postal, costly, tasteless, mostly, honestly, restless, 
 unjustly. 
 
 Castor, Nestor, Hester, Foster, minster minister, 
 Baxter, teamster. 
 
 Posts, excesses, posters, tests, Hester's, guests, mas- 
 ters, lists, wastes, chests. 
 
 67 . 
 
 Weep, web, wood, widow, wage, wedge, week 
 weak, wax, wavy, waif, withe, wash, wing, willow, 
 wall, wily, wire, wary, worst, win, wine, winces, win- 
 now, Yates, yoke, yam, yell, Uriah, York, yelk, un- 
 wary, warp, workhouse, wolfish, walrus, waxen, wing- 
 less, wink, witness, wampum, Walker, window, weaver, 
 sweep, swoop, sweet, Swedish, switch, swag, swing, 
 swamp, swim, swirl, swell, swallow, swerve, wisdom, 
 equip. 
 
 69 
 
 Query, bequeathe, squeeze, twitch, twig, acquit, 
 equity, Aquilla, equinox, twist, untwist, squib, quake, 
 bewail, quest, inquest, bequest, qualm, twang, thwack, 
 quack, squaw, quarry, quota, quoth, wide, widest, in- 
 signia, maniac, folio, youth, unite, unison, ague, rescue, 
 sue, suit, due. 
 
 7J 
 
 We said we would go with you and we were ready 
 to do so. We say what we know but we will do what 
 you say. Were we saying what would suit you ? 
 Would you know what we were to do? What were 
 you saving when you were in the 1'oom ? Were you in 
 New York while we were at home? What were they 
 to do while you were doing this? Would we succeed 
 as you said if you and I should go together? Would 
 you have said what you were saying if you had seen us? 
 
328 KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 73 
 
 Heap, hop, hub, hitch, huge, hedgerow, hatchway, 
 hack, hawk, hook, hackney, heave, havoc, heath, hush, 
 hash, hall haul, hail hale, ham, hum, hemp, hemor- 
 rhage, hang, hung, hanger, handy, hare hair, hire, 
 Hiram, hearse, hurl, horror, whey, whig, whack, 
 whistle, whiskey, whine, Whitney, whiff, whip, whir, 
 wharf, whim, Mohawk, 'hedgehog, mishap, rehash. 
 
 75 
 
 Sign sine, assignee, sum, assume, wake, awake, 
 days daze, daisy, moss, mossy, haste, hasty, dishonest, 
 dishonesty, rest, reset, yeast, yeasty, seek, ask, switch, 
 assuage, suppose, espouse, sofa, ossify, spices, auspices, 
 sail, assail, Syria, Assyria, season, assassin, sage, 
 osage, gust, gusty, ghost, gusset, mist missed, mistv, 
 dust, dusty, rust, rusty, roast, russet, designs, decency, 
 bestows, apostasy, menaced, amnesty, fixed, fixity. 
 
 79 
 
 Beat beet bead, pit, bet bed. paid, boat bowed 
 bode, boot, tight tide tied, died, deed, debt dead, 
 date, Ted, cheat, jot, edged, jet, chewed, kite, guide 
 guyed, caught, cut, coat code, goat goad, gate gait, 
 oft, fought, feet feat feed, fight, vied, fit, fate fade, 
 fed, vat, viewed, aft, thought thawed, east eased, 
 shot shod, sheet, showed, shed, shade, shoot, heat, 
 heed, hot hod, Hoyt, head, hat, hate, hood, hoot, 
 meet meat, mead, mate, made maid, mat, mad, 
 mote moat, mode mowed, mud, neat, need, knit, 
 gnawed, nod, gnat, Ned, net, end, ant aunt, lead, 
 lit lid, late laid, let lead, ailed, old, art, erred. 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 329 
 
 Sipped, sobbed, spot, pots pods, bites bides, 
 stopped, steeped, sapped, spout, spades, boats bodes, 
 stooped, heaped, hopped, wept, swept, whipped, sedate, 
 statute, deeds, dots, dates, debts, didst, stitched, cheats, 
 jets, guides, stocked, walked, wicket wicked, scout, 
 skate, sect, stacked, staked, waked, hooked, hacked, 
 sift, fights, swift, heaved, fates fades, waved waived, 
 stuffed, seethed, thoughts, soothed, seized, sized, ousts, 
 assets, shouts, hushed, washed, salt, slight slide, 
 sealed, lots, styled, steeled, stilt stilled, wild, wilt 
 willed, yield, slats, slate, consult, smite, steamed, 
 smote, summed, stemmed, signed, wind, hint, hunt, 
 sand, sounds, saint, snowed, went, heeds, hoods, sort, 
 hired, soured, soared sword, seared, arts, stared, 
 steered, Ward, wired, word. 
 
 83 
 
 Cadet, cashed, ignite, adapt, debate, dashed, dimmed, 
 agitate, Egypt, epithet, begged, shaft, astute, assumed, 
 thatched, theft, vivid, knocked, notched, envied, moved, 
 maimed, lodged, laughed, lift, lulled, rocked rocket, 
 react, wrecked, reached, arched, urged, rapid wrapped, 
 repute, rivet, sketched, scathed, schemed, spiked, 
 snatched, snapped, solved, designed, descend, decent, 
 dismayed, poisoned, lisped, lessened, listened, risked, 
 reasoned, resent, result, absent, hastened, absolute, 
 dispute, instead, upward, reward, Edward, rectitude, 
 rectified, legitimate, dictate, absurdity, evident, con- 
 fident, latitude, altitude, obliterate. 
 
 Epitomize, cupiditv, petrified, butter, detached, de- 
 tect, (leadlv. tawdry, Chad wick. Chatham, Chatta- 
 
330 KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 nooga, goodness, catalogue, aspect, cotton, cottage, 
 codify, catsup, evidence, confidence, fetish, fatten, 
 esteem, estimate, estuary, slightly, lateness, ultimate, 
 olden,- mitigate, lighten, lightness, lottery, model, 
 symptom, meditate, mattock, Madison, medicine, noti- 
 fied, needle, nettle, reticent, ratify, heedless, headache, 
 hotly, hidden, artless, erratic, attitude, pathetic, meth- 
 odic. 
 
 87 
 
 Oust, aside, saved, safety, fight, Fido, salt, solid, 
 inked, iniquity, bought, body, badly, bodily, tight tied 
 tide, tidy, knot, knotty, shade, shady, sent cent 
 sgent, senate, loft, lofty, notes, notice, pit, pity, midst, 
 modest, jet, jetty, gate, Katie, might, mighty, lot, Lot- 
 tie, hot hod, haughty, road rode rowed, select, 
 pasted, toasted, adjusted, posted, feasted, assisted, 
 listed, rested, hoisted, stated, committed, insisted, com- 
 mended, computed, deeded, started, cheated, heated, 
 admitted, connected, voted, yielded, shouted, feared, 
 swayed, mastered, picked, resigned, loved, least 
 leased, revised, tossed. 
 
 89 
 
 Fighter, fetter feather, fodder, theater, thither, 
 Easter, Esther, oyster, aster, shatter, shutter shudder, 
 loiter, lighter, latter ladder lather, later, motor, mut- 
 ter mother, niter, anchor anger, ember, weather, 
 whither, winter, holder, smoother, smattering, slaugh- 
 ter, starter, swelter, hanker, hunger, anchorage, rancor, 
 languor, neutral, anthracite, asteroid, Anderson, wil- 
 derness, render, finger, cumber, laughter, temperate, 
 alternately. 
 
 9i 
 
 My dear sir, I shall be there as a spectator and hearer 
 \vlun the last chapter is read. The other day I heard 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 331 
 
 that Potter was hastening hither and thither gathering 
 up evidence for the case out there. We would be there 
 to help each other search for the writer. Were there 
 any others up there who showed by their faces that they 
 liked the picture? We were there with the maps before 
 he got there. I went there in September, while Arthur 
 still lived there. I rather think there were hotter days 
 last year. Would there be enough debaters left there 
 if I came away ? 
 
 95 
 
 Able, plow, ply, blast, bluster, claw, glue, eagle, 
 closed, cloister, flue flew, oval, bloom, plush, blos- 
 som, clam, club, clash, clock, clasp, classic, flame, 
 flash, flask, cable, audible, chapel, pupil, fable, sample, 
 rebel, steeple, stubble, peddle pedal, battle, shuttle, 
 huddle, Mitchel, cudgel, tackle, bugle, ethical, vocal, 
 knuckle, oracle, haggle, baffle, shovel, level, ireful, 
 stifle, Bethel, bushel, official, facial, camel, animal, 
 enamel, kennel, channel, panel, funnel, laurel, mural, 
 rural, unlikely, plural, flannel. 
 
 97 
 
 Plot plod, plight plied, bleat bleed, plat plaid, 
 plate played, cleat,, glowed, glued, Clyde, glide, 
 glade, clad, flight, flat, float flowed, flute, flayed, 
 athlete, blotter, clatter, flutter, supply, supple, sable, 
 settle, saddle, satchel, sickle, civil, social, cereal, dis- 
 ciple, disable, adducible, visible, feasible, peaceable, 
 gospel, paschal, physical fiscal, musical, rascal, Has- 
 kell, peaceful, bicycle, plausible, civilized, displaced, 
 disclosed. 
 
 99 
 
 Price prize, brow, trace trays, otter, gross grows, 
 auger augur, fry, over, throws, author, Asher, Homer, 
 
33- KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 honor, inner, prior, breath, trudge, trash, grim, crash, 
 acreage, frames, fresh, froth, throngs, throbs, deeper, 
 cheaper, copper, fiber, hopper, betray, astray, ultra, 
 Andrew, preacher, treachery, ledger, voucher, major, 
 Roger, baker, tucker, checker, cracker, thicker, sugar, 
 locker, rocker, maker, angry, fever, shaver, silver, 
 hover, pressure, treasure, fisher fissure, leisure, meas- 
 ure, erasure, Palmer, plumber, grammar, rumor 
 roomer, hammer, trimmer, shimmer, miner minor, 
 banner, Elinor, trade trait, effort, fruit, gratitude, 
 co-operate, record, Bradley, orchard, greater, traitor 
 trader, brighter, fritter. 
 
 101 
 
 Spray, supper, sober, straw, cedar, suitor, screw, 
 succor, seeker, sever, suffer, sooner, sinner, sprite, 
 sobered, secret, sacred, screwed, straight strayed, 
 construed, stopper, steeper, stupor, stutter, stagger, 
 Stocker, sister, sisterly, spring, sprinkle, soberly, so- 
 briety, supreme, stripe, strap, streak, stretch, stream, 
 streamer, string, struggle, scrap, script, scribble, scratch, 
 scream, sprightly, straightway, stratum, stratagem, 
 secretly, scrutiny, secretary, whisper, Jasper, Caspar, 
 lisper, reciprocate, pastry, extra, illustrate, mystery, 
 frustrate, orchestra, rostrum, disagreeable, disgrace, 
 Oxford, gossamer, listener, disaster. 
 
 103 
 
 Grassy, approach, shimmer, breezy, crooked, brook, 
 reaper, shipper, pitcher, archer, tremble, bracelet, 
 Emerson, freckle, fretful, grateful, traceable, Detroit, 
 bribery, travel, flicker, prop, freak, cripple, dagger, 
 excrescence, tapestry, draggle, blasphemer, refract, 
 shrubbery, glimmer, frugal, crinkle, trample, crumble, 
 generous, apostrophe, Nebraska, contrary, Pressley, 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 333 
 
 precisely, thrust, creditors, daughter, editor, auditor, 
 tatter, slippery, chronicle. 
 
 I0 5 
 
 Jeer, hill, heel heal, tear tier, tearful, till, peerage, 
 lyric, gear, filbert, repeal, congeal, revere, jail, delicate, 
 entail, snail, smelter, shellfish, relish, velvet, repel, dis- 
 pel, verity, felony, barb, barber, asparagus, Bernard, 
 ballast, marsh, marker, fallacy, discard, scarlet, canal, 
 charter, alarm, carpet, spark, scalpel, cartridge, tardy, 
 barge, parch, bark, parcel, Martha, lark, bard, dart, 
 cart card, chart charred, mart marred, lard. 
 
 107 
 
 Policy, torpid, tolerate, George, fork, Thorpe, 
 enormous, Norway, hall, tall, doll, polka, bulky, 
 bolster, burst, import, comport, disburse, turkey, 
 gurgle, culprit, discourse, courtesy, cursed, exculpate, 
 gold, sculptor sculpture, shore, vulnerable, lore, lurk, 
 slur, mourner, murky, moulder, knoll, null, roll role, 
 hull, poorly, contour, full, foolish, moor, file, pile, tire, 
 lyre, mile, mire, Nile, boil, toil, coil, foil, howl, scowl, 
 skewer, queer, squeal, twill, square, dwell, quail, quart, 
 quorum, quire choir, pure, inure, dearth, mirth, infirm 
 fertile, shirk. 
 
 109 
 
 Inspire,, unsparing, ensober, insuppressible, unstrung, 
 inscribe, unscrupulous, inscrutable, insufferable, un- 
 social, ensnare, unsupplied, instill, install, unskilled, 
 uncivilized, unseal, unsolved, enslaved, insulate, in- 
 sulator, insular, insult, unsold, unsepulchred, unsullied,, 
 insomnia. 
 
 in 
 
 April, Blair, droll, saddler, Charles, curl, scholar, 
 furl, floor, flour flower, fowler, frill, thrill, ethereal, 
 
334 KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 Merrill, gnarl, gnarled, snarl, scrawl, enscroll, ocular, 
 bachelor, clearly, inaugural, imperial, nobler, trifler, 
 flourish, pleurisy, corporal, corporeal, funeral, North 
 Carolina, oracular, muffler, mackerel, neuralgia, astral. 
 
 "3 
 
 Mary Moore loves to roam over hill and hollow. He 
 got into the saddle and rode sadly away. They will 
 care for our civil rights and carry us safely through this 
 crisis. They were melting tar for the roof of the tower. 
 She was frail and weak, but freely offered her aid. 
 Clara says it has a pearly look, though it is clear it is 
 not a pearl. Her hair is somewhat curly, but does not 
 curl easily. Flora Barlow will send them a barrel of 
 flour. The sun came out in glory, but the glare hurt 
 my eyes. The golden rule is a royal law. 
 
 117 
 
 Pawn, bane, weapon, Spain, spoon, plain plane, 
 brown, auburn, burn, sprain, tone, den, sadden, Sutton, 
 train, torn, strewn, stone, Staten, chin, churn, sojourn, 
 Eugene, keen, skein, clan, green, screen, corn, scorn, 
 weaken, often, oven, Stephen, soften, flown, haven, 
 frown, fern, thin, heathen, thrown throne, ocean, 
 shine, shorn, assign, Allen, Helen, slain, learn, swol- 
 len, moan, omen, summon, salmon, mourn, human, 
 noun, run, ran, serene, warn, worn, sworn, Aaron, 
 arraign, urn earn, horn, yarn, iron, stern, swain, 
 swoon. 
 
 119 
 
 Pounce, bounce, bounced, bounces, puns, punster, 
 plains planes, prince, .princes, spurns, duns dunce, 
 dance, dances, danced, trance, trances, trains, widens, 
 tolerance, chance, chances, chanced, churns, cans, 
 canst, canister, Kansas, fans, Stephen's, fence, fences, 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 335 
 
 offense, offensive, evince, evinced, thence, Athens, 
 assigns, shuns, shines, lens, saloons, silence, learns, 
 woolens, mains, immense, moons, mince, minces, 
 minced, minster minister, noons, onions, announce, 
 announces, rinse, rinses, rinsed, concerns, warns, hones, 
 Stearns. 
 
 121 
 
 Kitchen, cabin, token, deacon, chicken, Japan, 
 beckon, balloon, shaken, famine, Nathan, marine, 
 liken, lagoon, laden, legion, leaven, linen, lemon, Ore- 
 gon, Roman, reckon, regain, retain, routine, ordain, 
 origin, region, repine, orphan, refine, yeoman, coach- 
 man, Babylon, escutcheon, napkin, Michigan, sunken, 
 sylvan, sermon, surgeon, Ruskin, muslin, festoon, Bos- 
 ton, destine, oxygen, dragon, brighten, Herman, de- 
 cline, dethrone, chaplain, chagrin, enthrone, enshrine, 
 incline, recline, McLain, refrain, Jordan, drunken, 
 illumine, Napoleon. 
 
 123 
 
 Pint pined, bond, paint pained, pant, bounds, 
 pent penned, append, opened, spanned, prints, 
 planed plaint, sprained, suspend, splint, tint tinned, 
 stint, stand, daunt, dawned, sweetened, taint, dent, 
 tents, stained, stoned, constituent, sustained, consistent, 
 trained, strands, joints, chant, chained, churned, kind, 
 skinned, cleaned, scorned, screened, weakened, count, 
 gland, crowned, grounds, seconds, scanned scant, fond 
 font, flint, event, found fount, faints, frond, front, 
 friends, frowned, thinned, throned, assigned, shunned, 
 lined, lint, leaned, land, lend lent, slants, silent, 
 learned, mind, mint, mount mound, mourned, Ham- 
 mond, anoint, rind, warned warrant, round, rents 
 rends, rained reigned, earned, around, ironed, ar- 
 raigned, errand errant, horned, swooned, impugned. 
 
336 KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 I2 5 
 
 Depend, deepened, adamant, diamond, tyrant, talent, 
 casement, occupant, augment, assessment, resident, 
 potent, payment, beckoned, buttoned, Iceland, infant, 
 invent, unearned, moment, elegant, elephant, lament, 
 ailment, remind, recant, recount, reckoned, regained, 
 repent, refined, refund, renowned, vagabond, vigilant, 
 ligament, regiment, Richmond. 
 
 127 
 
 Pointer, pander panther, painter, binder, plunder, 
 printer, tinder, pretender, enchanter, canter candor, 
 counter, encounter, calendar, founder, fender, flounder, 
 inventor, thunder, asunder, slander, cylinder, Icelander, 
 render renter, reminder, leathern, Lutheran, modern, 
 eastern, hindrance, furtherance. 
 
 129 
 
 Plunge, brownish, planet, cabinet, Lebanon, panic, 
 abandon, dependent, stupendous, boundarv, tangent, 
 drainage, denounce, trinity, tonic, continent, Trenton, 
 lieutenant, tendency, Standish, ingenuous, Argentine, 
 jaunty, Jonathan, vacancy, pecuniary, mechanic, chronic, 
 arrogantly, groundless, laconic, recondite, eloquently, 
 elegantly, envenom, finer finery, phantom, faintly, 
 French, frantic, authentic, shanty, Lennox, London, 
 Atlantic, landscape, demeanor, diminish, mandate, 
 momentum, seminaiy, unanimous, synonym, rainbow, 
 random, roundly. 
 
 IS 1 
 
 The finest of our programs was arranged by the 
 violinist. Monroe took the keenest delight in his work. 
 He is not friendly to the tyrant, but denounces him in 
 the plainest terms. Ernest Randall was a volunteer in 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 337 
 
 the Spanish war. Stanley suddenly dashed the loosened 
 rock over the cataract. She instantly saw the truth of 
 your remark. The dedicatory exercises were unfinished, 
 the grandest part being yet to come. He admonished 
 us in gentle but impressive tones. The light vanished 
 and darkness and silence ensued. The wretched man 
 obediently stepped down from the platform. He per- 
 sistently refused to show us the finished work. 
 
 *33 
 
 Beef, puff, tough, dove, deaf, chaff, cough, reef, 
 rove, hoof, skiff, surf serf, bluff, cliff, proof prove, 
 brief breve, grove, dive, achieve, cave, rough, hive, 
 swerve, starve, contrive, brave, drive, drove, cleave, 
 crave, grief grieve, groove, glove, strife strive, 
 turf, curve, carve, doves, droves, delves, achieves, 
 caves, gloves, groves, heaves, paves, cleaves, puffed, 
 gifts, rafts, cleft, drift, drafts, achieved, proved, ap- 
 proved, braved, delved, contrived, grooved, craved. 
 
 '35 
 
 Beaver, braver bravery, buffalo, brevity, bivouac, 
 beverage, deafen, define divine, devote, devoid, 
 David, diver, devour, defense, adverse, divinity, advo- 
 cacy, driver, Jeffrey, mischievous, cover, quiver, quaver, 
 recover, clover, clever, Grover, grievance, rival rifle, 
 reveal, river, Rover, reverence, Hoover. They will 
 stand on the defensive and defer attack until the forces 
 from the river shall arrive. If you will telephone me, 
 I will be governed by your advice. Previous to the dis- 
 covery of this contrivance, another device was used. 
 
 '37 
 
 They ran to the house only to see it in ruins. In 
 which zone is Mount Zion. We do not deny that we 
 
 TAYLOR 22. 
 
338 KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 have done some mischief. Doan will assign everything' 
 to Mr. Doney, the assignee. They are bent on teach- 
 ing the benighted people. He will lead the lion through 
 the lane. Hovey was hiving the bees. Your words 
 might mean many things. As soon as the meeting ad- 
 journs we shall commence our journey. The whole 
 clan went to the new colony. Brown should by no 
 means menace Bryan. She was studying botany while 
 in Boston. He drives rapidly away with his trophies of 
 success. 
 
 139 
 
 Potion, portion, separation, caption, adoption, por- 
 tioned, passions, tuition, station, imitation, rotation, 
 affectation, invitation, limitations, conditioned, magi- 
 cian, logicians, caution, section, diction, education, af- 
 fection, vacations, reaction, execution, occasioned, cau- 
 tioned, vision, elevation, revision, invasion, fashioned, 
 fruition, session, mission, assumption, motions, notion, 
 donations, ammunition, nomination, ancient, delusion 
 dilution, population, stimulation, desolation, consola- 
 tion, orations, relation, variation, assertion, adoration, 
 toleration, Hessian. 
 
 141 
 
 Suppression, compulsion. Egyptian, libations, cor- 
 ruption, meditation, vegetation, exudation, citations, 
 temptations, cogitations, recitations, institutions, frus- 
 tration, petitioned, collision, factions, eviction, evasion, 
 intoxication, suffusion, excavation, aversion, secession, 
 cessation, immersion, remission, locomotion, presump- 
 tion, exemption, resumption, ascension, illumination, 
 elimination, ordination, remuneration, personation, 
 ignition, hallucination, assassination, fascination, coro- 
 nation, stipulations, capitulation", spoliation, resolution, 
 irresolution, laceration, ulceration. 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 359 
 
 H3 
 
 You do not think I have not used constitutional 
 methods, do you ? You had not time, and have not yet 
 time, for such irrational employment. He cannot wait 
 patiently, and the books are not ready. You cannot 
 take traditional accounts as authentic. May not some 
 course be adopted which will not excite sectional ani- 
 mosities? They are not rational in their methods, and 
 I cannot understand them. The auctioneer will not 
 accept goods which are not salable. They were admo- 
 nitions which were not heeded. The story of the mis- 
 sionary was shorter than any other one. He may have 
 been there to see the elocutionist. A proportional 
 charge will be made to each. 
 
 H5 
 
 Proposition, incision, rescission, taxation, imposition, 
 vexation, opposition, causation, civilization, realization, 
 sensational, authorization, relaxation, crystalization, 
 transposition, legalization, annexation, demoralization, 
 centralization, colonization, fertilization, superposition, 
 transition, protestation, statistician, detestation, profes- 
 sions provisions, professional provisional, depriva- 
 tion, subdivision, supervision, combinations, inanition. 
 
 147 
 
 Combative, preparative, co-operative, receptive, dis- 
 tributive, perceptive, deceptive, restorative, illustrative, 
 authoritative, tentative, nutritive, defective, refractive, 
 recreative, speculative, prerogative, lucrative, figura- 
 tive, stupefactive, putrefactive, negative, invective, in- 
 effective, reflective, assertive, commiserative, relative, 
 narrative, positive, sensitive, preventive, inventive, sug- 
 gestive, substantive, retentive. 
 
34-O KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 Commitment, contest, commensurate, commingle, 
 commentary, concomitant, concoct, conciliatory, de- 
 composition, discommode, uncontrolled, uncondemned, 
 incompetence, inconceivable, incongruity, inconsistent, 
 inconvenience, reconquer, accomplice, nonconformist, 
 unrecommended, contraband, contradictive, contradis- 
 tinction, counterplot, contravention, controvertible, con- 
 tribution, controversy, countermarch, counterpoise, 
 circumjacent, circumvolution, circumfused, circumgy- 
 ration, circumpolar, circumrotary, circumscription, 
 self-assertion, self-defense, self-educated, self-destruc- 
 tive, self-made, self-seeking, self-abasement, self-in- 
 flicted. 
 
 53 
 
 Foreshadow, forerunner, forejudge, forecastle, fore- 
 shorten, foretaste, forecast, forefront, foredoom, fore- 
 lock, foreordain, interfused, interdict, interdependence, 
 intervene, intercommunication, interjection, interlock, 
 interloper, interstate, intermeddle, forfeit, forsake, for- 
 bore, forsooth, forswear, forehanded, forethought, fore- 
 noon, forlorn, interrogative, interweave, interpretation,- 
 magnificent, magnitude, magnetize, magnetism, mag- 
 netician, self-condemnation, self-conscious, self-control, 
 self-command, self-complacent. 
 
 '55 
 
 Hospitality, risibility, admissibility, sociability, fidel- 
 ity, infidelity, technicality, similarity, popularity, jocu- 
 larity, assignable, insurmountable, indigestible, inde- 
 clinable, confidential, providential, inferential, reveren- 
 tial, surprisingly, alarmingly, cheeringly. charmingly, 
 trustingly, exceed inglv, shockingly, smilingly, sneer- 
 ingly, sacramental, elemental, regimental. 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 341 
 
 '57 
 
 Tautology, osteology, geology, doxology, courtship, 
 guardianship, relationship, judgeship, partnership, faith- 
 fulness, pliableness, blithesomeness, indispensableness, 
 allovvableness vvholesomeness, wrath fulness, youth ful- 
 ness, thankfulness, filings, rulings, shiftlessness, shame- 
 lessness, joylessness, fearlessness, faithlessness, heed- 
 lessness, aimlessness. 
 
 SENTENCES FROM LINCOLN'S SPEECHES. 
 
 When the war began it was my opinion that all those 
 who, because of knowing too little or because of know- 
 ing too .much, could not conscientiously approve the 
 conduct of the president (in the beginning of it) should, 
 nevertheless, as good citizens and patriots, remain silent 
 on that point, at least until the war should be ended. 
 
 And now, without endorsing anything else he has 
 said, I will ask this audience to give three cheers for 
 Hickman. 
 
 (The audience responded in three rousing cheers for 
 Hickman.) 
 
 What is the form of government under which we 
 live ? 
 
 .The answer must be, " The constitution of the 
 United States." That constitution consists of the orig- 
 inal, framed in 1787 (and under which the present gov- 
 ernment first went into operation), and twelve subse- 
 quently framed amendments, the first ten of which were 
 framed in 1789. 
 
 I am in some doubt whether to introduce another 
 topic upon which I could talk awhile. (Cries of "Go 
 on" and "Give it us.") 
 
342 KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 
 
 This opinion ... in one branch at least is, in 
 the hands of Mr. Polk, like Fingal's gun, 
 
 " Beats wide and kicks the owner over." 
 
 A few men -that own capital hire a few others, and 
 these establish the relation of capital and labor right- 
 fully. 
 
 (The speaker proceeded to argue that the hired la- 
 borer, with his ability to become an employer, must 
 have every precedence over him who labors under the 
 inducement of force. He continued:) 
 
 Some time after, my colleague (Mr. Richardson) in- 
 troduced the resolution I have mentioned. 
 
 In 1826 published his Com- 
 mentaries on American Law. 
 
 ... was in favor of further acqui- 
 sition of territory as fast as we might need it. ... 
 I do not say this as giving his exact language, but he 
 said so substantially, and he would leave the question 
 to be settled by the people of the acquired ter- 
 ritory. (That's the doctrine.) Maybe it is. Let us 
 consider that for awhile. 
 
 You will not abide the election of a Republican presi- 
 dent. In that supposed event you will destroy the Union, 
 and then you say the great crime of having destroyed 
 it will be upon us! That is cool. A highwayman holds 
 a pistol to my ear and mutters through his teeth, " Stand 
 and deliver, or I shall kill you, and then you will be a 
 murderer!" (Laughter.) 
 
 EVIDENCE, PAGE 308. 
 
 (The heading, the Q and A for question and answer, 
 and the numbering, appear only in the transcript.) 
 
KEY TO THE READING EXERCISES 343 
 
 Louis M. Brown, a witness for the plaintiff, being 
 duly sworn, testifies as follows: 
 
 DIRECT EXAMINATION. 
 
 Questions by Mr. Spahr. 
 
 1 Q. Please state your name. 
 A. Louis M. Brown. 
 
 2 Q. What, if any, connection did you have with the 
 Brown Iron Works in the summer of 1889? 
 
 A. I was president of the Brown Iron Works. 
 
 3 Q. How long had you been connected, up to that 
 time, with the Brown Iron Works? 
 
 A. I was president of the Brown Iron Works from 
 the time of its organization, which was in 1888, I be- 
 lieve, or in 1887. 
 
 4 Q. Prior to that time had you been engaged in 
 business with any person? 
 
 A. Yes, I had been in business, immediately prior 
 to that time, with Mr. Dickson, under the firm name of 
 Brown & Dickson. 
 
 5 Q. Mr. George Dickson? 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 6 Q. Now I will ask you to state to the court how 
 long you had been in business with Air. Dickson. 
 
 A. Since the summer of 1881. 
 
 7 Q. Is that the Mr. Dickson who is the defendant 
 in this suit? 
 
 A. Yes, sir. 
 
 8 Q. Prior to the summer of 1886, what business had 
 you been engaged in ? 
 
 A. I had been a partner in the firm of J. H. Phil- 
 lips & Co., dealing in machinery, and before that I 
 practiced law. 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 ALPHABETICAL LIST 
 
 345 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 347 
 
 aHe to <v . _ 
 
 
 about 
 
 advance 
 
 abstraction V 
 
 / t 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 ad^'ertise-ment 
 
 acceptance ^ -i 
 
 affertionate V 
 
 d 
 
 arreptat'oii 
 
 3 fores?) jd Vp 
 
 arrident 
 
 after 1 V 
 
 arridental-ly 
 
 afternoon ^ ? 
 
 according < e ~' 
 
 afterward v^/ 
 
 account 
 
 ago 
 
 arrnrate 
 
 apree 
 
 arcnsatioii Q 
 
 apreed 
 
 accuse 
 
 agric'ulture-al = . 
 
 accused 
 
 ah / 
 
 accuses r o 
 
 /- ^ 
 alcohol ^ 
 
 fment ~ * __, 
 acknowledge- / 
 
 Alexander ^ -^ 
 
 ^rqiiaint <^^ 
 
 all 
 
 acquaintance ^s> 
 
 all of 
 
 acquisition 
 
 allow s~ 
 
 act 
 
 I 
 allowable /\ 
 
 action _, 
 
 1 N 
 
 allowance /^ J> 
 
 actionable y 
 
 allowed 
 
 active \ 
 
 r 
 
 almighty ^ 
 
 actively ^_ 
 
 almost "^ 
 
 activity 
 
 along ^ ^ 
 
 actor 1 
 
 along th^re ^^ -^ 
 
 actual-ly 
 
 already ' 
 
 added / 
 
 althouph / 
 
 addition i 
 
 \ , 
 
 altogether 
 
 additional i / 
 
 always 
 
 adjourn t f 
 
 ambition ^ s- 
 
 administer \^-^ 
 
 ambitious ^ 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 am not 
 among other 
 an 
 and 
 angel 
 Anglo-Saxon 
 anguish 
 annihilate 
 annihilation 
 annual 
 another 
 another one 
 antagonism 
 antagonistic 
 antedate 
 anteroom 
 anxious 
 any 
 anybody 
 any one 
 any other 
 any other one 
 anything 
 anywhere 
 apparent 
 appeal 
 appear 
 appearance 
 appearances 
 appeared 
 appliance 
 appliances 
 applicable 
 applicant 
 
 "" appli r ftti n n \ 
 
 
 - . ' applied 
 
 
 . apply 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 appointment 
 
 \ 
 
 / apprehend 
 
 
 ^, .0 ^ apprehension 
 
 cv 
 
 "-^ X 
 
 rf appropriate N\^ 
 
 > 
 
 ^~7^ a pprnve-a 1 
 
 ^ 
 
 L archangel 
 
 13 
 
 archbishop -^^^ 
 
 / 
 
 ^ ^s arrhitert-nre 
 
 "^ 
 
 x_ ^> are not 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 "- j *> ~^ aristocrat-ic-cy q 
 
 
 ^^ n an'tTimptic -^ 
 
 
 ~~\- arrr.npement .. ^ 
 
 -^7 
 
 
 y 
 
 "~7 u s 
 
 &-/ flrrn-p there ... s 
 
 / 
 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 3"=! r 
 
 ^ ' 
 
 < ? [course 
 as a matter of 'f' ' 
 
 N. 
 
 asrription 
 
 } ^ 
 
 as has is his O 
 
 
 as it a 
 
 
 as it i 
 
 ^ 
 
 aspect \ 
 
 
 Vj I 
 \ ^- assemhle-y \ 
 
 u 
 
 _S assignable 
 
 1 
 
 X ] 
 assignment i^ 
 
 \ 
 
 O assistanrp / 
 
 I 
 
 ^ assure 
 
 9 
 
 ^ assured 
 
 s 
 
 ^ as there ( 
 
 7 
 
 6 . 
 \ as there is 
 
 & 
 
 N as to /? 
 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 ' [ment 
 ast n nish-ed- 
 
 aware nf 
 
 "" 
 
 astrnnmy-er- A 
 
 away 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 as well as t ical L: 
 
 <_ awe 
 
 . 1 
 
 at 
 
 awful 
 
 l 
 
 at all T 
 
 awhile 
 
 r 
 
 at all events 
 
 baye 
 
 v 
 
 
 
 \ 
 
 at first - L 
 
 bankrupt cy 
 
 \ v 
 
 at hand 
 
 baptism 
 
 \ 
 
 at it 
 
 bantict- 
 
 v~-\ 
 
 Atlantic. Orean V* D bantize 
 
 \ N 
 
 at least 
 
 r beautiful-ly 
 
 N 
 
 at length 
 
 p because 
 
 ^ 
 
 atonement K 
 
 before 
 
 \ 
 
 at once 
 
 | began 
 
 V 
 
 attain 
 
 J 
 1 begin 
 
 ' , 
 
 attainable 1 
 
 becnnner 
 
 N, . 
 
 attained \ 
 
 begun 
 
 
 attainment 
 
 J 
 I behalf 
 
 \ 
 
 at their 
 
 behavior 
 
 \x V 
 
 at their own 
 
 behind 
 
 'S 
 
 at the present 
 
 1 be it 
 
 \ 
 
 atthesame[ time 1 \> belief \> 
 
 attract t time 1 believe \> 
 
 L 
 attraction 
 
 1 believe their 
 
 \ 
 
 attractive 
 
 n believed 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 audience J 
 
 belong 
 
 \ 
 
 aught 
 
 beloved 
 
 ^ 
 
 auspicious 
 
 < benediction 
 
 \ 
 
 authenticity (. 
 
 benefaction 
 
 I \ 
 
 1 ) 
 average 
 
 L benefactor 
 
 \N^^ 
 
 avoid 
 
 / v beneficial 
 
 V \ 
 
 award 
 
 benevolent 
 
 X V- 
 
35 
 
 ABBREVIATION AXI) POSITION 
 
 Benjamin \ 
 
 rapitali7atinn \, 
 
 bespeak % 
 
 captain \ 
 
 \ 
 beyond r - i 
 
 car^ful-ly , - 
 
 biographv-er- \ => 
 
 category . _, 
 
 blindfold ^ 
 
 catholic 7 
 
 boastful V 
 
 (, 
 cause 
 
 bookkeeper \ ^ 
 bookkeeping \ , 
 
 caused ' 
 
 causes 
 
 bookstore \ ^ 
 
 celestial 
 
 bountiful \ 
 
 century "^ _^ 
 
 breastpin N, 
 
 rp rtain-ly ~^ 
 
 breastwork \^ 
 
 certainty n^\ 
 
 brother % 
 
 certificate n/ 
 
 N 
 
 brotherhood % 
 
 challenge / 
 
 business 1 \, 
 
 / / 
 challenger / 
 
 hut i 
 
 ~y 
 
 change-d ' 
 
 buy \ 
 
 changeable r/ 
 
 by \ 
 
 character c 
 
 bv all \ 
 
 characteristic * 
 
 by all <~>ur j 
 
 characterize ' 
 
 by it X 
 
 characterized c ** 
 
 by our Ji 
 
 cbarart pr i' 7p<! 
 
 J .\ 
 by our own > 
 
 charpe , / 
 
 by their _S*_ 
 
 & / 
 
 by thf>ir <^WTI \. 
 
 charitable . ^ \ 
 
 calculation * -> 
 
 cheerful-ly . 
 
 California c f 
 
 rh.'M ^ 
 
 call ' 
 
 
 railed "~ 
 
 /> 1 
 
 children ' 
 
 rall-prl fnrfh ' ' 
 
 Christian ity 
 
 cannot 
 
 Christopher , J 
 
 capability \ 
 
 circulate . e ^^~ 
 
 capable \ 
 
 09 
 
 circumspect \ 
 
 capital \ 
 
 circumspection \> 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 circumstances 
 
 p 
 
 circumstantial- . 
 
 d 
 
 riv P 
 
 ntizen L : ' 
 
 J i / 
 
 J contradiction L 
 
 classification . c 
 
 -f contradictory L 
 
 collect 
 
 corn-fi p ld 
 
 C 
 
 collection 
 
 correct-ly 
 
 collective 
 
 D correction 
 
 collectively 
 
 corrective 
 
 commercial ..^ <"""" 
 
 ^ correspondence ' \ 
 
 
 ;_. correspondent c ^ 
 
 common -~ i 
 
 countrvman =a^Z 
 
 commonly _ C. 
 
 countrymen ^ 
 
 
 
 
 creature r i* 
 
 comprehend ". - "^ 
 
 [aliou 
 
 comprehensible. ... 
 
 X crossexamined = ^^ 
 
 comprehension ., 
 
 NX . s~ <r--r- 
 
 \ crystal <; (. / 
 
 conclude 
 
 cure 
 
 conclusion 
 
 i curious D 
 
 conclusive-lv rt 
 
 . D dang' 1 '" L 
 
 Connecticut _. 
 
 dangerous _ L 
 
 conscientious _ <. 
 
 ^ Danville J 
 
 consequence 
 
 dare not ' 
 
 
 
 consequent 
 
 f\ i 
 defendant 1 
 
 consequential 
 
 .2. deficient-cy 1. 
 
 conservative .ox^ 
 
 ^x^V degeneration J 
 
 
 delight 
 
 considerate 
 
 1 f 
 
 delinquency y 
 
 consideration 
 
 
 q 
 
 considered , ;, 
 
 Hpliver-y ' 
 
 constitutional- L 
 
 J r 
 
 deliverance J 
 
 construction 
 
 q i 
 
 democracy 1 b 
 
35 2 
 
 ABBREVIATION AXD POSITION 
 
 democrat-ic 
 
 L~^ disappointment Jl 
 
 
 demonstration 
 
 disapproval J, 
 
 
 demoninate-ion 
 
 U J discharger t 
 
 " 1, 
 
 denunciatory 
 
 L- discourage- \, 
 
 / 
 
 department 
 
 y i / i 
 
 L discrepancy J , 
 
 
 derangement 
 
 L - discrimination J ^~>, 
 
 \ 
 
 derive 
 
 disorganization 
 
 J-6 
 
 descendant 
 
 L=> ' displeasure \ 
 
 
 describe 
 
 dissatisfaction 
 
 
 described 
 
 dissatisfied 1 
 
 t 
 
 description 
 
 dissimilar <J N 
 
 
 descriptive 
 
 
 distinction 
 
 ^^ 
 
 destructible _t 
 
 distraction i 
 
 
 destruction 
 
 \^ 1 District of Co-1 [p- 
 
 
 destructive 
 
 C 1 divulge t lumbia 
 
 J 
 
 determination 
 
 , r doctor 1 
 
 7 
 
 determine 
 
 1 1 
 u L doctrine J 
 
 
 determined 
 
 J L dollar 
 
 1 
 
 develop-ment 
 
 do not .1 
 
 devolve 
 
 L , don't you 1 
 
 
 dictionary 
 
 I/ doorstep 
 
 J 
 
 did not 
 
 J doubt 
 
 \ 
 
 didn't you 
 
 , i 
 
 doubtful-ly 
 
 
 differ-ent 
 
 L doubtfulness 
 
 
 difference 
 
 doubtless ^-n 
 
 differences 
 
 f r 
 
 L down i 
 
 
 differential 
 
 1 ^ 
 
 I downfall 
 
 
 
 dimcult-y 
 
 downhearted i 
 
 ^ 
 
 dignify 
 
 downright j I 
 
 
 ,. . V 1, 
 
 dignity [tion ' i downstairs 3 /j> 
 
 direct examina- J ^! downward i 
 
 direction 
 
 L duly * i / 
 
 
 disadvantage 
 
 1 V 
 L duration 
 
 3 
 
 disagreement 
 
 J , / during i 
 
 L 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 353 
 
 during all 
 
 eventful V> 
 
 each 
 
 ever V^ 
 
 each of _ 
 
 every j 
 
 each other / 
 
 everybody \ 
 
 eastward j 
 
 every <^ne J 
 
 ecclesiastical 
 
 <>v 
 
 every other one \ 
 
 
 ^ 1 
 everything ^-^ 
 
 cfficicnt-cy-ly ^ d- 
 
 everywhere t^^ 
 
 ^1, / 
 
 evart-ly 
 
 <\ 
 
 
 
 
 electrician 
 
 exaggeratory 2^"^ 
 
 S~ \j 
 
 
 
 examined 
 
 ''M'l;in< T er I 
 
 example _^^ 
 
 v "1 / 
 
 fndnr^ b* * 
 
 exasperate < -\ 
 
 enp-ap-ement / 
 
 except ^ 
 
 England 
 
 exceotion v> 
 
 F.ngli;]i ^_ 
 
 \<^~ 
 exrepti n nal-ly _SJ 
 
 enlarge-ment ^~7 
 
 jt> 
 
 eyrliqngp / 
 
 P7it;injrlpment v ^_ ^ 
 
 excliangeable ^/ 
 
 entertainment 
 
 exclaim * ^ ^ 
 
 enthusiasm o 
 
 exclamation > .^~^ 
 
 enthusiast-ic h 
 
 exclamatory e ^^^ 
 
 entire 
 
 exclude ^~ 
 
 v ~f 
 entirely L 
 
 exclusjon G -^ 
 
 ecjnal-ly 
 
 exclusive e a 
 
 
 
 equivalent i> 
 
 exemplification -O 
 
 esperial-K- ) 
 
 *>vpmj-.lifv V 
 
 e?sential-ly I ^ 
 
 exercised *r 
 
 establish-ed-ment ) 
 
 exhibit * 
 
 evangelical 2^. -f 
 
 exhibition ^ 
 
 v / 
 
 even , 
 
 expert \ 
 
 TAYLOR 23. 
 
 
354 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 expectation 
 
 extravapant-ce "] 
 
 
 1 9 
 
 expediency y \ 
 
 L . 
 
 extreme \^ 
 
 
 expedient J \ 
 
 extremity 
 
 u 
 
 \ J 
 expeditious \ 
 
 eye 
 
 1 
 
 1 J 
 expenditure L-^ "^ 
 
 fart I 
 
 
 expense-ive \ 
 
 failure 
 
 ^ 
 
 experience >> 
 
 faithful-ly V^ 
 
 
 experienced \ 
 
 falsification 
 
 ^ 
 
 experiences \ 
 
 familiar-lv V^ . 
 
 ^> 
 
 experiment - *\^ 
 
 family 
 
 
 experimental 
 
 fashionable 
 
 I 
 
 explain 
 
 favor *>v 
 
 ^s 
 
 explained \ 
 
 favorable-y 'N 
 
 
 explains \ 
 
 favored V 
 
 ^ 
 
 explanation \ 
 
 feature ^ 
 
 " 
 
 explicit \, 
 
 P>bruary V. 
 
 
 <? 
 explore \ 
 
 feel 
 
 \ ^ 
 
 express *\^ 
 
 fellow ^ 
 
 
 expressed N& 
 
 fill 
 
 
 expresses \o 
 
 filled 
 
 "s. 
 
 expression \i 
 
 financial V>^^- 
 
 
 expressive Jv^ 
 
 first o 
 
 
 expressly ^ NS / 
 
 follow 
 
 L 
 
 extemporaneous j-^S 
 
 fnr ^ 
 
 
 extemporary *-~^s^ 
 
 foreclose V 
 
 
 extemporize s>*LL 
 
 foreclosure v 
 
 
 extensive J 
 
 forehead ^ ~^ 
 
 
 extenuate L . 
 
 foreknowledge ' v>- 
 
 / 
 
 exteniiation L O 
 
 forenoon ^~^ -^ 
 
 
 exterminate L-^ . 
 
 forever 
 
 ^ 
 
 extermination l^-^> 
 
 for it v - 
 
 v ^- 
 
 external ^1 
 
 ~\X" 
 
 fnrmal-ly * 
 
 
 extinction L^> 
 
 former-ly 
 
 ^ 
 
 extraordinary 1 
 
 for instance V P 
 
 
ABBREVIATION 
 forward \^^ 
 
 AND POSITIC 
 
 government 
 governmental 
 governor 
 grandchild 
 gratification 
 Great Britain 
 Greenfield 
 gymnasium 
 had 
 had had 
 had it 
 had it not 
 had not 
 hadn't you 
 half 
 Hamilton 
 hand 
 handle 
 handsome 
 handwriting 
 haphazard 
 happen 
 happened 
 happens 
 happier 
 happiest 
 happiness 
 happy 
 has 
 has his as 
 has it 
 hast 
 has there 
 hath 
 
 for their V 
 
 for their own \ 
 
 fortune-ate-ly 
 
 foundation 
 
 v> 
 fraction "^ 
 
 fractional <-x 
 
 fragment-ary ( ^\ 
 
 1 
 frank <^ 
 
 Franklin =x 
 
 frankly 
 
 frequent-ly _^ 
 
 from \ 
 
 from their c ^\ 
 
 from their own ir ^\ > 
 
 frontispiece ^ 
 
 f,.nv 5 ^ 
 
 function br^JZ 
 
 furnish-ed ^ 
 
 furniture ^ 
 
 future 
 
 general-lv ,/ 
 
 generalization ^ 
 
 generalize / 
 
 generation / 
 
 gentleman ,/ 
 
 gentlemanly ~s 
 
 i 
 gentlemen y 
 
 gentle-ness r ^ 
 
 l ei ( 
 geographv-cal- /-^> 
 
 geometry-cal ^^ 
 
 give-n 
 
 give it ~ 
 
 God 
 
 355 
 
35 ( 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 have \w 
 
 himself x * 
 
 have harl 
 
 his 
 
 have it V 
 
 his has is 
 
 have not v^ 
 
 history |^_ 
 
 have their \ 
 
 hold ^ 
 
 hazard ) 
 
 holier 
 
 hazardous ) ) 
 
 holiest >? 
 
 he } * , 
 
 holiness /^_j> 
 
 height 1 
 
 holy / 
 
 helrl f 
 
 Holv Ghost > 
 
 help / \ 
 
 Holv Scriptures ^* 
 
 helpfulness I \ 
 
 Holv Spirit /*\ 
 
 *x-"% 
 
 home 
 
 ^ p O 
 
 henceforth V 
 
 hope \ 
 
 her J 
 
 \ 
 hope of v 
 
 hereafter s 
 
 hopeful-ly \ 
 
 herein J 
 
 X 
 
 hope to have \ 
 
 hereinafter j> 
 
 hour -x 
 
 hereinbefore _^ 
 
 household / 
 
 heretofore x^ \ 
 
 House of Rep- 
 resentatives s\ 
 
 lier own j 
 
 herself d 
 
 how 
 
 hesitate 1 
 
 however 
 
 hesitation ) 
 
 howsoever S 
 
 he will 
 
 \ 
 hundred ^ 
 
 he will have * 
 
 hundred dollars ^, 
 
 he will not ^. s 
 
 husband ) ' / 
 
 hieroglyphic-al X 
 
 hvpocritic-al /\ 
 
 high 
 
 hypocris^ s\ 
 
 higher ^\ 
 
 I 
 
 highest ^ 
 
 idea ] 
 
 highly v ^~ 
 
 identical -, 
 
 highway > 
 
 identification 1 
 
 him ^ ^ 
 
 I did not J^ 3 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 ;57 
 
 idiosyncrasy s s 
 
 incorrect-ly 
 
 HI- 1* 
 
 increase 
 
 ] do nt 1 
 
 indebtedness i. -^ 
 
 if 
 
 indeed 
 
 if it v - 
 
 indefatigable -V. 
 
 if not ^ 
 
 indemnity 
 
 if there V 
 
 indenture 
 
 V 
 ignominy s ' 
 
 indescribable-v \ 
 
 I bad not j 
 
 indestructible ^li 
 
 imagination . / 
 imaginative r ,. rs_ 
 
 indicate ~^~ \ 
 
 indicator ^ 
 
 Ly - -3 
 
 immeasurable- J 
 
 indication 
 
 immediate-lv 
 
 indifferent-ce V ~~^I. 
 
 imperfect-Iy \> 
 
 indignant 
 
 implacable \, 
 
 indispensable ^\ 
 
 importance 
 
 indulge 7 
 
 important 
 
 indulgence 3? 
 
 impossibilities 
 
 inefficient-lv-cy " \^ J 
 
 i i / " & 
 
 impossihle-ity 
 
 inexcusable-y 
 
 imposition 
 
 inexperience i 
 
 impracticable ^~^\ 
 
 inexperienced -j 
 
 impression ""^ 
 
 inexplicable \ . 
 
 x "^\ 
 improbable \ 
 
 Q< ^v 
 
 inevpressihle-y X 
 
 ^~^\ \ 
 improper-ly ^ 
 
 /- ^ ^ ^\ 
 infinite N 
 
 improve-d ^ >- 
 
 infinitesimal "^^A 
 
 improvement - - 
 
 ' ^~4 
 
 infliction V-> 
 
 in 
 
 influence 
 
 inactive 
 
 influenced ^~^ 
 
 in all 
 
 influences ^-^ 
 
 incapable M i \ 
 
 influential v. *^_ 
 
 incomprehensi- X^ 
 
 informal-lv ' 
 
 inconsiderable T 
 
 information ^~^ 
 
 inconsiderate ' 
 
 infraction ^-^\ 
 
 in controversy T 
 
 . , . <J x_Tx 
 
 mfnnKement J 
 
353 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 inhabit 
 
 intelligible-y ^ 
 
 inhabitant "^-^ 
 
 intend 
 
 in it 
 
 intense 
 
 initial v --' 
 
 intention 
 
 iniunction ^J^Z 
 
 /: 
 intentional-ly 
 
 in order ^ 
 
 intercession 
 
 in our * " 
 
 interchangeable ^ 
 
 inquire-v ~~^ 
 
 interdiction ^\, 
 
 in receipt H 
 
 interest 1 
 
 in reference ^"~"V 
 
 interjection /^ 
 
 in regard ^ *~ 
 
 intermediate ^^ 
 
 in relation ^~^ 
 
 intersect ~ a ~ 
 
 in reply ^ \ 
 
 intersection ^^ 
 
 in respect * "*\ 
 
 in their v 
 
 inscription 
 
 in their own -^ 
 
 insecure 
 
 intimate ~~^ 
 
 insecurity 
 
 intolerable f 
 
 insignificant-ce 
 
 introduction '"~1i 
 
 inspect "\ 
 
 introductory 
 
 inspection ^^^V, 
 
 investigation ^^V 
 
 inspector 
 
 investment ~~^-. 
 
 mstinctive-ly 1_ \ 
 
 Iowa j 
 
 institute ^-~ 
 
 irrecoverable-y j 3 
 
 instruct 
 
 irrefragable _2[\ 
 
 instruction L 
 
 irregular-ly-ity J 
 
 instructive J 
 
 irreligion 
 
 instructor 1 
 
 irreligious 
 
 *x i 
 
 insufficient-cy v J ( 
 
 irrespective A 
 
 integrity ^*~ 
 
 is 
 
 intellect ^~ 
 
 is as his 
 
 intellectual-ly 7^ 
 
 p 
 
 is at hand 
 
 intelligence ^7 
 
 is he not 
 
 intelligent v 
 
 is itto 
 
 intelligently ^7 
 
 is it his a 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 359 
 
 island 
 
 larger 
 larger than 
 largest 
 lastly 
 lawyer 
 lefthand 
 legendary 
 legislation 
 legislator 
 legislature 
 length 
 lengthen 
 lengthwise 
 liberty 
 literature 
 little 
 long 
 longs 
 longer 
 longer than 
 longest 
 lord ' 
 lordship 
 machinery 
 machinist 
 majority 
 malignant 
 management 
 manhood 
 Mansfield 
 . manufactory 
 manufacture 
 manufacturer 
 manuscript 
 
 7 
 
 issue / 
 
 x 
 
 is there & 
 
 x 
 
 it had 
 
 2 I 
 
 i 
 it had not 
 
 r~\ 
 
 I 
 it ought 
 
 7^ 
 
 it ought to have 
 
 (2^_ 
 
 itself . k 
 it will 
 
 r? 
 
 S7 
 
 it will havp 1. 
 
 Zz 5 
 
 it will Tint ; f 
 
 i 
 
 it would 
 
 ( 
 
 it wnnld havp 
 
 t 
 
 X 
 
 January / ^ 
 
 x^ 
 
 Jpffprsnp & ^ 
 
 X] 
 
 Tesns Christ c/ 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 J - / 
 JPSMS <">f Nazareth -^ 
 
 
 iudicions x 
 
 p 
 
 J j 
 junction a/ <^_p 
 
 
 iunior x 
 
 X ^? 
 
 J tX 
 
 jury x 1 
 
 ^-f 
 
 / / 
 
 justification * 
 
 ~\ 
 
 juvenile / 
 
 y 
 
 kingdom 
 
 ^^ 
 
 kingdom of Chri<5t ' ^ 
 
 
 
 kingdom of God 
 
 y 
 
 
 <^~ 
 
 knew ^ ^ 
 
 -~~/ 
 
 knowledge x 
 
 H 5 
 
 Knoxville ^ V 
 
 ! -x 
 
 language 
 
 ~Aj^X 
 
 languish C^, 
 
 "^V 
 
 37 
 
 large x 
 
 _^ 
 
 x 
 
 largely /> 
 
 "^ 
 
360 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 many other - - - " 
 
 miss 
 misunderstand - 
 misunderstood - 
 
 
 Maryland --^v" *-? 
 
 ^ 
 
 Marylander , -J 
 
 
 Massachusetts / 
 
 modification 
 
 5J 
 
 may bf> ^ - 
 
 more and more- 
 
 r-^ v 
 
 may have been - . 
 
 more or less 
 
 ^/" 
 
 may have been ^- ^ 
 
 more than 
 
 t N 
 
 mav it f there 
 
 morning 
 
 _, s 
 
 may not ^ 
 
 mortification 
 
 a. 
 
 me 
 
 movement 
 
 
 meanwhile 
 
 Mr. 
 
 f^ 
 
 merhaniral ' 
 
 Mrs. 
 
 = ^ 
 
 member \ 
 
 much 
 
 / 
 
 memoranda 1 
 
 multiplication 
 
 _ -\^ 
 
 memorandum ^^^^ 
 
 my 
 
 ^N 
 
 men 
 
 my dear 
 
 ^"^ 
 
 mention ^-^ 
 
 my own 
 
 > 
 
 merchandise '=""'> 
 
 myself 
 
 <~* 
 
 ) <~^ 
 mere J 
 
 mystification 
 
 ' K 
 
 merely ^^ 
 
 natural-ly 
 
 
 messenger _2 : 
 
 nature 
 
 7- 
 
 Methodist "^ 
 
 near 
 
 S-^ 
 
 Methodist Epis- "^1 
 
 neglect 
 
 v ^ 
 
 Mexico tcopal _^ 
 
 neglectful 
 
 ., 
 
 microscope ^~~' ~^\ 
 
 negligence 
 
 ^ ^ B 
 
 mine 
 
 negligent 
 
 
 minimum ^^^ 
 
 neighborhood 
 
 N--A, 
 
 minister _J 
 
 neither 
 
 ^_^ 
 
 ministerial 
 
 neither one 
 
 ^_^> 
 
 minority ^^^ 
 
 never 
 
 ^v 
 
 minute "* 
 
 nevertheless 
 
 ^v 
 
 misfortune ^ 
 
 new 
 
 
 mishap V 
 
 newer 
 
 
 misrepresent 
 
 Newfoundland 
 
 ^ 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 361 
 
 
 obligation _i! 
 
 ^* 
 
 ohlipatory X/ 
 
 
 obscure \ 
 
 
 observation \r 
 
 
 obstacle " v 
 
 New Testsunent ^ a 
 
 obstruction '\, 
 
 
 c o 
 occurrence 
 
 
 of 
 
 
 of all 
 
 nomenclature -^-^~> 
 
 officious-ness V J 
 
 of it V 
 
 nonsense ^ -*- -*" 
 
 of its ^ 
 
 no one . v ? 
 
 c\ 
 
 of our 
 
 no other ' v -^ ~^ 
 
 of our own 
 
 no other one ^ ^ 
 
 of their V 
 
 nor 
 
 of their own \ 
 
 North America ZTLrra; 
 
 oh 
 
 - *~~t 
 northern ^ 
 
 O1H Testament f 
 
 ^-"X 
 
 northwest o 
 
 on 
 
 nor will 
 
 once in a while ^ SL J^~ 
 
 n<>t 
 
 one ^ rf 
 
 nothing ( 
 
 on either hand * 
 
 v 
 notification p. \o 
 
 on the one hand u 
 
 not withstand-- 
 
 on the other 
 
 nourishment J 
 
 onward t hand ^ 
 
 Nn\-pmher V 
 
 opinion 
 
 now x.-^s 
 
 opportunity <\ 
 
 
 or 
 
 numher t N v 
 
 ordinary > 
 
 A. 
 
 object 
 
 organ 
 
 objection -Ss 
 
 organic 
 
 objectionable \ 
 
 organism 
 
 object! ^'f -^ 
 
 organi/ation 6 
 
 ohiector ^-^ 
 
 orcranize 
 
3 c?. 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 organized 
 
 parent \ 
 
 original-ly 
 
 ^/ parliament-ary c\ 
 
 ornamentation 
 
 /** partake <\. 
 
 or not 
 
 J particular-ly ^ 
 
 orthodox 
 
 /\ part of <\, 
 
 ostentatious-ly 
 
 a party ^ 
 
 other " 
 
 I passengpr _V 
 
 other than 
 
 ^ pastehoarH \^ 
 
 otherwise 
 
 <\ patent 
 
 ought 
 
 1 ^ 
 TJ patentahle 
 
 ought not 
 
 patronage Jj \/-/^ 
 
 ought to have 
 
 pecuniary \ _, 
 
 our 
 
 \ pedantry \ ^ 
 
 our own 
 
 ^\ Pennsylvania f> 3^ 
 
 ourselves 
 
 ^N people \ 
 
 out 
 
 peremptory \^/ 
 
 outlay 
 
 \s- perfert-ly X, 
 
 outline 
 
 |/-^ perhaps *\ 
 
 out of i 
 
 _ 
 permanent \^, 
 
 out of their 
 
 i permissible *\^-^ 
 
 outset 
 
 1 i Deroendicular-lv _\ 
 
 outside i 
 
 r <\ \ 
 ;' perpetnal-ly \\ r 
 
 out there 
 
 i personification \ * 
 
 overtake 
 
 Aj> 
 1 ^ perspective _V 
 
 over there 
 
 X pestilence \^ 
 
 overwhelm 
 
 j '^'V^ phenomena V< ~^-^ 
 
 owe 
 
 , phenomenon V< >. 
 
 owes k 
 
 Philadelphia V 
 
 own 
 
 philanthropic ^ r 
 
 owned 
 
 philanthropy-ist o 
 
 owner 
 
 Plainfield 
 
 ^. 
 ownership 
 
 -^ v- v S- 
 olaintiff \ 
 
 painful-ly 
 
 \ pleasure J 
 
 parallel 
 
 ~\ plentiful-ly ^ 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 363 
 
 plentv , *s 
 
 productive _X 
 
 positively \> 
 
 productiveness J X 
 
 3 . 
 possibilities b X> 
 
 professor ^~? X 
 
 possible-v-itv X> 
 
 proficient-cv X, 
 
 pnsfnffirp X, 
 
 profit 
 
 postpaid X, 
 
 profitable *V 
 
 povertv X 
 
 prohibition 
 
 power \ /- 
 
 X 
 
 proliibitionist *X 
 
 powerful-lv \ S 
 
 N> 
 
 proper-lv % _^ 
 
 practicable *\ 
 
 property ^ 
 
 practical-ly "^ 
 
 proscribe > v 
 
 practice ^ 
 
 
 practiced ^ 
 
 prospective x^ 
 
 practices *\^ 
 
 protraction ^ X- 
 
 predetermine ^ 
 
 provide 
 
 prejudice X 
 
 public X 
 
 prejudicial X, 
 
 publication 
 
 preliminary _/ \ 
 
 publish X 
 
 Presbvterian X= 
 
 \r 
 
 publisher \ 
 
 prescribe ^ X . 
 
 punctuality ^^ \__ 
 
 prescription X 2 
 
 punishment \ 
 
 preservation Xr 
 
 put 
 
 pretty <\ 
 
 \ 
 qualification V^ < ^ 3 
 
 previously X^ 
 
 quality 1 
 
 priestly X^" 
 
 question 
 
 principal-ly *\ 
 
 questionable = 
 
 principle X, 
 
 ciuestionableness . 
 
 principles >> 
 
 questioner . 
 
 private 
 
 
 quick 
 
 privilege *\ 
 
 quicken " 
 
 probable-v X 
 
 quicker 
 
 X <\ 
 problematical X 
 
 quickly 
 
 orodieious 'v 
 
 quitclaim ~ t ^^ 
 
 ~7 
 
 production \ f 
 
 ratification ^, 
 
ABBREVIATION' AND POSITION 
 
 read ^ 
 
 restrictive .XjJ ^ 
 
 real estate ,/^ 
 
 resurrection ^ X 
 
 recollect-ion ^X ^ 
 
 retrospect X^^ ^ , 
 
 reduction .XI, 
 
 X"^ 
 
 retrospection ^X ^ 
 
 refer-ence X^V 
 
 retrospective X^ 
 
 regeneration stf 
 
 revelation X 
 
 regular-lv-ity X' 
 
 reverend /XV^ 
 
 religion / 
 
 Rev. Dr. X\- 
 
 religious / 
 
 revolution /-> 
 
 relinquish-ment ,X^"^ 
 
 revolutionary ,oX 
 
 remarkable-v X^~\ 
 
 revolutionist ^-, 
 
 remember X 
 
 revolve ^XV 
 
 remembered <\ 
 
 Rhode Island /V> 
 
 remembrance X 
 
 right hand ^^-^ 
 
 remonstrate "^^t 
 
 salvation /"^ 
 
 renew 
 
 sanctify *~^V 
 
 renewal X^^V 
 
 sanctimonious "^"^-^ 
 
 renewed ^X" 
 
 sanction ^_p 
 
 repeatedly . 
 
 sanctity * i 
 
 replenish ^X\ 
 
 sanguine 1 
 
 reprehensible s^\ 
 
 satisfaction p 
 
 represent X^\ 
 
 satisfactorv-ly f 
 
 representation ^X\, 
 
 satisfy-ed p 
 
 representative XX 
 
 scientific "^ 
 
 republican .X\ 
 
 scoundrel _ / 
 
 republicanism -X^\^ 
 
 scriptural ~> 
 
 repugnant-ce XX '"^ 
 
 scripture " ^ 
 
 request ^X" 
 
 secretary of state o-p 
 
 resemble-d-ance j. ^ 
 
 secretary of war B -xX' 
 
 resignation /* 3 
 
 sectarianism ^ , 
 
 respect 
 
 secure 
 
 respectability X\\ 
 
 secured 
 
 respective /\ 
 
 security 
 
 responsible-itv /\ 
 
 sedentary e^X 
 
 \ 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 see ) 
 
 skill 
 
 
 
 seem 
 
 skillful-ly 
 
 _ 
 
 seemed 
 
 skillfulness 
 
 ^_0 
 
 seen * ' 
 
 so far as 
 
 ] 
 
 self-accusation 
 
 somebody 
 
 Vo 
 
 self-justification ^ 
 
 somehow 
 
 C<e 
 
 self-respect ^^\ 
 
 some one 
 
 n N 
 
 self-satisfied j> 
 
 some other 
 
 dd^ 
 
 l 
 sentimentalism ^ -. 
 
 some other one 
 
 ^ ^ 
 
 separate <K 
 
 something 
 
 /c~-~*<^^s 
 
 September v_ 
 
 . sometimes 
 
 
 set forth ? 
 
 . somewhat 
 
 <y- 
 
 set off 
 
 . somewhere 
 
 ^-^^^ 
 
 several v 
 
 south 
 
 C 
 
 shall 2. 
 
 southeast 
 
 \ 
 
 t 
 
 shall there ) 
 
 southeastern 
 
 \> 
 C * 
 
 she -J 
 
 southern 
 
 w^ 
 
 c 
 
 she had 
 
 southerner 
 
 I 
 
 j 
 she ought ~. 
 
 southwest 
 
 > 
 
 shoestore ^ 
 
 southwestern 
 
 ^" 
 
 shorthand J 
 
 speak 
 
 \ 
 
 should ' 
 
 speak of 
 
 V, 
 
 signature 
 
 special-lv 
 
 s 
 
 significant-ce 
 
 specialty 
 
 \ 
 
 signification 
 
 specification 
 
 S. 1 
 
 signifv-ed 
 
 specialization 
 
 s 
 
 similar *~^ 
 
 spoke 
 
 >, 
 
 simplification ~~\o 
 
 spoke of 
 
 \, 
 
 simplify V 
 
 spoken 
 
 \ 
 
 since 
 
 stenographv-er 
 
 ^^ 
 
 p 
 situate ' 
 
 St. Louis 
 straightforward . 
 
 r 
 
 situation C 
 
 i^ 
 
 skeptic-al \ 
 
 stranger 
 street 
 
 i 
 
 skepticism 
 
 i 7 
 
3 66 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 
 feJp^pypp , J 
 
 structure \ 
 
 tempt U 
 
 \ Q 
 
 tenement fc> 
 
 j 
 
 subjection ^^ 
 
 tenMd J 
 
 subjective i> 
 
 Terre Haute * ' 
 
 
 testament 
 
 subscribe " v 
 
 textbook 1 g 
 
 subscription "' 
 
 than / 
 
 substantial-ly \r 
 
 thank / 
 
 o 
 
 substitute if 
 
 thankful-1 v ( 
 
 substitution j* 
 
 thankfulness ^- f 
 
 subtraction * 
 
 th^nklpssnpcc; f 
 
 successful-ly ^^ ** 
 
 thanksgiving , / 
 
 succinct ^ 
 
 that . ( 
 
 sufficient-ly- r y ^^ 
 
 that are 
 
 suggest . 
 
 3 
 
 tn^t arp not 
 
 suggests y 
 
 that will f 
 
 suggestion J 
 
 that will not C 
 
 superficial \, 
 
 thp 
 
 y 
 
 superintend-ent 
 
 thee ^ 
 
 superscribe S>r ^v 
 
 their c>wr. ,) 
 
 superscription \ => 
 
 them ( 
 
 superstructure S. 
 
 themselves (n 
 
 surprise I N. 
 
 thenceforth L 
 
 surprised "N^ 
 
 thenceforward V 
 
 surprises \o 
 
 the other / 
 
 surreptitious-ly ^^ 
 
 the other one > / 
 
 suspect \ 
 
 therefore * J 
 
 swindle ^ 
 
 - V. 
 therein ,/ 
 
 swindler ^ 
 
 theretofore "> 
 
 take care | 
 
 V ^ 
 
 there will ' 
 
 tantamount- L^ 
 
 th^sp ^ 
 
 terhn'Vfll 1 .. 
 
 they are ) 
 
 telpcrram | 
 
 they 3rp nnt 3 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 they will 
 they will not 
 they would 
 thine 
 thing 
 think 
 think it 
 Thompson 
 those 
 thou 
 thou art 
 though 
 thou hast 
 thousand 
 thou wilt 
 through 
 throughout 
 thus 
 thy 
 thyself 
 time 
 timely 
 to 
 to all 
 to all of 
 to be 
 to-day 
 together 
 to have 
 to have been 
 to-morrow 
 to-night 
 too 
 
 C to oiir own 
 
 
 f. topography 
 
 | 
 
 toward 
 
 1 
 
 
 j 
 
 * transact 
 
 J , 
 
 ( transaction 
 
 ]_j> 
 
 ( transcribe 
 
 Lr. 
 
 ^-^ t transcript 
 
 1_ X 
 
 / transfer 
 
 L 
 
 / transgress 
 
 ^ l_o 
 
 transgression 
 
 ] -) 
 
 i translate 
 
 \- 
 
 / translation 
 
 V- 
 
 f transport 
 
 \ 
 
 I, 
 transportation 
 
 ] 
 
 ^ treasurer 
 
 ^ 1 
 
 trustful 
 
 ~s H 
 
 1 
 
 / truthful-ly 
 
 1 i 
 
 \> / 
 
 \ unaccomplished 
 
 L 
 
 unaware 
 
 ~~~_ 
 
 ' uncertain 
 
 " ^ o/ 
 
 *~ under 
 
 
 underneath 
 
 r 
 
 <: understand 
 
 f 
 
 ^, understood 
 
 Vj 
 
 \ undertake 
 
 a 
 
 N 
 
 undertook 
 
 l 
 a 
 
 1 < undoubtedly 
 
 i 
 
 unexpected 
 
 X^_jD 
 
 v unexpressed 
 
 <^ 
 
 / 
 ^^^y unexpressive 
 
 V 
 
 nnfav~>rable-y 
 
 V 
 
 :*_-x 
 
 v unfortunate-ly 
 
 J 
 
3 68 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION' 
 
 
 vehement v^. 
 
 
 vehicle 5^ 
 
 unintelligible ^L. 
 
 verilv JL. 
 
 union 
 
 verv A 
 
 T'nited States 
 
 X'fstal V. 
 
 United States 
 
 vice-president V.? 
 
 Virginia j V 
 
 
 7= 
 
 virtuous >, 
 
 unquestioned v_^ = 
 
 was ' ) 
 
 
 Washineton <L^ 
 
 unsatisfactory x f 
 
 ^1 
 was it ) 
 
 unscriptural 
 
 was not .) 
 
 unsecured j. 
 
 was there A 
 
 unskilled 
 
 watchful-ly / 
 
 unspeakable-v \ 
 
 water " ~*\ 
 
 J \ 
 until r 
 
 J 
 
 unusual-ly ^-^ 
 
 we are 
 
 unwilling /r 
 
 we are not 
 
 unwise J 
 
 we are to have *^ 
 
 upheld \ 
 
 we had not s 
 
 r 
 
 iipludd \ 
 
 we know 
 
 upstairs V>> 
 
 we made 
 
 US A ' 
 
 we mav rKilJ <r ~ N 
 
 X. 
 
 [been 
 we mav have ' <f ~ b 
 
 11SP \ 
 
 we may have 
 been there <f ^> 
 
 used 
 
 useful N 
 
 we mean <?~~* 
 
 ? 
 
 usefulness \ ^ 
 
 we meant *^ 
 
 U;e|essness \ 
 
 \ve might *~~ 
 
 ; 
 ustial-ly J 
 
 we must 
 
 valuable C 
 
 were c 
 
 valuation \ r 
 
 were it ^~ 
 
 VJ 
 
 value C. 
 
 were not ,^ 
 
ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 3 6 9 
 
 r 
 
 whereby ^_ .^ 
 
 
 wherever fa_-!^i 
 
 
 wh^rpf^rp ,^^V 
 
 
 wherpin j^X, 
 
 
 whereof (/^ 
 
 
 wlierpp'^pvpr ,Xx 
 
 c 
 
 whether ~~N 
 
 G 
 
 whether or not ~^\ 
 
 
 whirh J/ 
 
 c 
 
 whirh arp / 
 
 
 which are not ,f 
 
 
 whichever 
 
 
 which had 
 
 whatever ^ 
 
 which have / 
 
 
 whirh might 
 
 what we 
 
 which ought not 
 
 what we were ^ 
 
 which ought to 
 
 what were 
 
 fhave ? 
 
 which wprp L / 
 
 3 
 
 which were not 
 
 what were you 
 
 which will /" 
 
 - \ 
 what WP would --' . 
 
 whirh will h^vp 
 
 what would 
 
 which will not ./> 
 
 what would n<'t 
 
 whirh would 
 
 what would we 
 
 which would 
 
 what would yon. -^ 
 
 while L nave 
 
 <~) 
 what you 
 
 whithersoever "X 
 
 
 
 what you were 
 
 wh<"> X. * 
 
 what yon would -^ 
 
 who are } 
 
 Wheeling u. 
 
 who are not . 
 
 whpn 
 
 whoever *_ 
 who have ,, 
 
 whenever ^"""X^ 
 
 whpnsoPvP,- ^ 
 
 wh'^lp-'v s~ 
 
 where i 
 
 wlK>lpalp /-*> 
 
 
 wholesome s* " 
 
 TAYLOR 24. 
 
37 
 
 ABBREVIATION AND POSITION 
 
 wholesomeness s~ 
 
 w^nman /r^\ 
 
 whom / 
 
 women ^^^ 
 
 whomsoever t 
 
 wonderful-lv ^V 
 
 whose t 
 
 workman tt / > 
 
 whosoever x 
 
 workmanship ,/I 
 
 who were 
 
 workmen ,/ 
 
 who were not 
 
 world r 
 
 who will f 
 
 wonld 
 
 whr> will not * 
 
 would we r> 
 
 why J 
 
 would we not r> 
 
 
 would vou o 
 
 willfulness f^~ 
 
 would vou not O . 
 
 willingness f 
 
 \> 
 
 ye 
 
 will it /- 
 
 year " 
 
 will not /= 
 
 yearly (_ 
 
 wise . 
 
 yet 
 
 wiser ^ 
 
 von i 
 
 1 "X 
 wisest T- 
 
 young 
 
 wish 
 
 younger x _^ 
 
 wished 
 
 youngest _^. 
 
 with 
 
 yniir /^ 
 
 within ^ 
 
 your own L 
 
 with me <r ~^ 
 
 yourself 6 
 
 with mv *~~^ 
 
 yourselves <5 
 
 without 
 
 yniirs rpspprtfully h^X 
 
 ( 
 with reference ,/\^ 
 
 
 with regard </*~ 
 
 X^ K^ 
 
 yours verv truly 6 
 
 with relation ^/u 
 
 ^j\ 
 you were | <"> 
 
 with respect ,/\ 
 
 you were not ^ 
 
 withstand f 
 
 
 with what c 
 
 you would not . . ^ 
 
 i O 
 with v n " 
 
 
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
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